MiMiMiH'"'''^" ''^'■'y "^^"'^ *^s*s at the 3 1924 W3 "'Tog '539 THE COLUMBIAN DAIRY CATTLE TESTS WOELD'S FAIE, CHICAGO, 1893. By JAMES CHEESMAN. A Reprint of aji Article from the JOUENAL OF THE BEITISH DAIEY FAEMEES' ASSOCIATION, LONDON. SOUTHBOROUGU, MASSACHUSETTS. 1894, PRICE, 15 CENTS, OR $10.00 PER HUNDRED. Do You lUseSalt? It will pay you In numerous ways to use the salt that's all salt. This is especially true as to the butter maker. You recoguize a difference in butter. We can point you out a dif- ference in salt. You strive for the best , milk, why not search for the best I salt? Test, compare, ask questions. I Investigate what Diamond Crystal Dairy Salt has donv for others. There's no secret about it. Write and get particulars. We grant that salt Is cheap, but Is that a good reason why you should not have the best? Look fairly and fully into the salt question, and you'll And the way to better flavored butter, and better prices through our Dairy Sali. J-ndlspensable for cooking and table use also. Write us about It. DIAMOND CRYSTAL SALT CO., St. Clair, Mich. CHICAGO MAIZE FEED. What is it and wliat is its Value ? A mixture of CORN GLUTEN and CORN BRAN furnishes a balanced food ration for MILCH COWS. It is rich in protein, and is a great milk producer. Stock fed with CHICAGO MAIZE FEED .... Are kept in good condition, and cows will not be troubled with Garget. Most grain dealers sell it. General Eastern Agency . 408 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, BOSTON. THE COLUMBIAN DAIRY CATTLE TESTS WORLD^S FAIH, OHIGAGO, 1893. By JAMES CHEESMAN. A Reprint of an Article from the JOUKNAL OF THE BRITISH DAIRY FARMERS' ASSOCIATION, LOiSroON. SOUTHBOROUGH, MASSACHUSETTS. 1894. PRICE, 15 CENTS, OK $10.00 PER HUNDRED. Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003109539 INTRODUCTION. British Dairy Farmers' Association, 191 Fleet Street, London, E. C. Sept. 28, 1893. James Cheesman, Ksq., Southborough, Mass., U. S. A. : Dear Sir, — By this mail I have the pleasure of sending you copy of the half yearly journal of the society, just issued. The next one is due in the first week of .January next, and for that journal the committee are very anxious to obtain from you "A Eeview of American Dairy Tests," with as much information as possible, ex- planatory of the very great divergence between the results ascertained in America and in England. From your extensive knowledge of Amer- ican dairying, such a paper from your pen would be read with very considerable interest in this country, and it will be a source of great gratification to the committee and to myself to learn that you will kindly comply with their request. I trust also that you will be able to make the review as complete as possible, it being understood, of course, that we shall be happy to send the usual honorarium. It would be essential that the MS. should reach me, at the very latest, by Dec. 15. Trusting to receive a favorable response at the earliest opportunity, I remain, Yours faithfullj', WM. C. YOUNG, Secretary. PRESS NOTICES. THE BATTLE OF THE BREEDS. A well-known authority, Mr. James Cheesman, contributes to tlie Journal of the British Dairy Farmers' Association tiie first succinct and yet full account of the dairy tests at Chicago last summer that has been ■written, and adds greatly to the value of his history by instituting, at various points therein, careful comparisons with the best work of the same kind that has been done abroad It is curious that we must go to an English periodical for this matter, but as the author lives in Massachusetts, the United States may claim the honor of the work, after all.— Country Gentleman, Jan. 18, 1894. Prof. James Cheesman, of Massachusetts, has prepared for the Journal of the British Dairy Farmers' Association, at the request of its editor, an exhaustive and critical review of "The Dairy Cattle Breeds Tests at the World's Columbian Exposition," advance proofs of which have been sent us. We sincer&ly hope this review may be re-published in full in pamphlet form in this country, and at such a nominal price that a copy of it may get into the hands of every man who is keeping cows for profit. — Hoard's Dairyman, Jan. 19, 1894. Prof. James Cheesman, of Southborough, Mass., has prepared for the Journal of the British Dairy Farmers' Association an exhaustive review of the dairy cattle breed tests at the World's Fair. This is the first succinct and full account of this dairy work that has been written, and Prof. Cheesman has done himself much credit in his exhaustive review of the work. — Maine Farmer, Jan. 25, 1894. COLUMBIAN DAIRY CATTLE TESTS. Early in July, 1890, there met in Chicago about a score or more of representative dairymen from all parts of the United States, who organized themselves under the title of " Columbian''Dairymen's Asso- ciation." The object vras to secure proper representation of the dairy interests in the now historic " World's Fair." The outcome of the dis- cussions, the executive work of this body and of the cattle breeders' clubs, was the Dairy Department of the Exposition. Accepting the essence of the ideas advanced by these bodies as a base of operations, Mr. W. I. Buchanan, chief of the Department of Agriculture, set to work to evolve from the varied schemes presented for his considera- tion such a working exhibit as he found possible with the material at his command. The hope of the promoters from the beginning was a complete reflection of the dairy interests as a whole ; comprising a school, practical factory work every day, and a thorough test of all the rival breeds represented in the earlier discussions. These included Ayr- shires, Devons, Guernseys, Holstein-Friesians, Jerseys, Red Polled, Shorthorns, and Swiss. It was expected that two or three hundred animals might be had for the si.f months' work, and that fifty repre- sentative cows from each breed would be placed in competition. From the first, the keenest interest was felt in this contest. Experi- ment station workers regarded it as their long-sought opportunity to hold the scales and keep the records ; while the sporting dairymen, whose attention had long been centred on the rivalry of the Holstein- Friesians and the Jersey cattle, and their phenomenal claims, hailed the event with unbounded satisfaction. The farmer hoped that this long period of trial, under the most equitable of rules and regula- tions, would enable him to understand which breed would make the greatest, net profit for a dollar's worth of food. As the year 1892 closed, disappointment was general when not more than three breeds, consisting of twenty-five animals in each herd, were reported for work. The absence of the Holstein-Friesian cattle at the opening of the Exposition was a great drawback from the sportsmen's point of view. As it was, the sport was considerably diminished, inasmuch as the breeds brought together had not long been known as strong rivals. Interest had centred on the Holsteins and Jerseys, because they had been bred in this country longer than the other dairy breeds, and because they each had an immense number to choose from, and it was thought that their rivalry would awaken and sus- tain the widest interest. Provision had been made in the rules for a committee, composed of four representatives of the Association of Agricultural Experiment Stations, and one representative of each breed under test. This com- mittee was constituted as follows : Drs. Armsby .ind Babcock, Professors Scovell and Roberts ; and Messrs. Fuller, Caldwell, and Hines, the superintendents of the Jersey, Guernsey, and Shorthorn herds in competition. The general rules and regulations under which the test was con- ducted were drafted by Mr. W. I. Buchanan, chief of the Department of Agriculture, and revised and amended after several consultations with the breeders' clubs, and representative dairymen from the differ- ent States. These rules were so drawn as to admit an equal number of cows of each breed to be selected by, and entered in the names of, the breeders' clubs ; so that the animals accepted by the management were thoroughlj' representative ones. First, provision was made for a flf teen-day cheese test, commencing on May 11, and conducted as follows : — Animals were weighed at the opening of the test, credited with the amount of cheese made by each cow and herd, also with the amount of whej' produced, and the increase of flesh, if any, during the trial. The cheese made was properly cured and submitted to the judgment of competent market men, who appraised its value in accordance with its quality and the ruling market quotations of the day. The food consumed was debited to each herd, and the differences determined their relative positions and awards. Next in order was the ninety-day butter test. In this case, each cow and herd were credited with the yields of butter, skim-milk, and buttermilk produced ; and with the increase in weight, at the end of the trial, if any, at four and a half cents per pound. The incidental water, casein, and salt of butter in its commercial form, were estimated at twenty per cent. It was agreed that eighty per cent of the actual fat found in the milk by the Babcock machine and gravametrie analy- sis should form the basis of the calculation for butter, without refer- ence to the output of the churn. This simplified the laboratory work greatly. The food consumed, color used, were debited, and the bal ance of credit determined the awards, subject to the valuation of the butters, which were all closely scored, and their salability on the Chicago market gauged on the ruling rates paid for fine farm butters. In the thirty-day butter test, only, fifteen animals of each competing breed were entered. These forty-five cows were taken from the seventy-five which had taken part in the cheese test and in the ninety- day butter test. The [method of determining awards was based on butter product only ; skim-milk and buttermilk were left out of account. Matters relating to hours of milking, feeding, sampling, and the laboratorj'^work were all under the supervision of the committee, sub- ject to the'approval of Chief W. I. Buchanan. Each superintendent was free to choose bis own feeding substances, and to feed what quantities he pleased, within the general regulations as to time and other conditions imposed by the rules. All food was secured under lock in a grain room in each barn ; and a Columbian guard was stationed in each barn at all hours (under the control of Mr. Bucha- nan) to secure proper observance of the rules. The cows were watered from automatic supply basins hung in front of the stalls. The stalls were arranged with the heads towards the walls, between which was a feeding alley ; and the broad alley in the rear was used by visitors, who were admitted by permit from the superintendents. No one'was allowed in the feeding alleys but the men in charge of the cattle, andjthey only during the feeding times. It willjbe noticed that the plan of awarding the order of superiority was unlike that of every other public test which has lasted but for one or two days. In this case no account was taken of the length of time animals had been calved, nor of the other conditions usually counted in on such trials. Inasmuch as a period of four and a half consecutive months' work was contemplated by the manage- ment, and as it was the intention of the rivals to use only such animals as would be fresh at the commencement of the trial, it was held that the total one hundred and thirtj'-five days' work could and should be treated on a purely business basis. In this way no account was taken of the volume of milk given except for the purpose of calculating the yields of fat and skim-milk constituents. Only the actual food value of the milk constituents was estimated, and the water was thus entirely eliminated from the account. To obtain an accurate idea of the value of the work done, and of the character of the achievement of each herd and of each individual in it, several of the conditions must be kept steadily in view. It was 8 necessary to have all the animals gathered on the grounds as far in ad- vance as possible, to accustom them to their new quarters, acclimatize them, and to drop their calves in the Exposition barns. Besides this, each superintendent needed to know his cows, by watching their work under variations of food and other environment from day to day. By the May opening he wanted to know what each was capable of doing for a given ration, who were the big worKers, and which the greatest net profit earners. The Jerseys all calved on the grounds, and were there as early as December, 1892, or long enough to spend an entire working year of three hundred days in the barn before leaving. The Guernseys ap- peared on the scene in March, and the Shorthorns about the same time. Those only who know the climate of Chicago in winter and spring can fully appreciate just what this means. Thermometer read- ings will not express it. After overcoming the fatigue of, to many of the Guernsey and Jersey cows, a journey of one thousand miles or more, then getting acclimatized as best they could, with their changes of food, they settled down to their long work of nearly five months — not to make the greatest phenomenal yields, but to earn the largest net profits. In the middle of their work they quite often had to endure a temperature of one hundred degrees, and the discomforts which those figures imply. It must, I think, be admitted that the circumstances attending this great trial — the long distances travelled, the differences of climate endured by the large majority, the length of the period, the continuous housing of the cattle so long, the business basis on which the test was founded, and the elaborate and exhaustive nature of the work done by the committee, at a cost of over $121,000, or nearly £25,000 — constitutes something so entirely diflferent to anything that has ever been attempted before, as to be simply incomparable. The very nearest thing that I recall elsewhere is the dairy farm competition which Lord Vernon started about eight years ago, during the year of his presidency of the British Dairy Farmers' Association. Mr. Hothersall, of Preston, was the victor ; winning also the first prize from the Royal Agricultural Society at its Preston meeting in a similar contest — a very proud distinction. Lord Vernon's prize of £60 was for " the best herd of dairy cows, any breed or cross, num- bering not less than twenty animals, the property of a tenant farmer renting not less than seventy-flve acres." There were nine competi- tors. The judges were to visit the farms twice during the year, take 9 the yields of milk at each visit, talse accouht of the general princi- ples of management, the quality of the milk, examine the hoolcs of €ach, ascertain the net earnings for the year, and make their awards accordingly. On the 27th of August, 1885, the judges made their second exam- ination of Mr. Hothersall's place, and found these facts : — Acres. Cows in Milk. Milk Yield. Daily Average. Total Solids. Fat. 81 41 1,232 lbs. 30 lbs. 13.39 4.02 I cannot find the breed or size of the animals, but the showing is good. The milk was sold in Preston. In this list of eight rivals, the largest area was 547 acres, and the smallest, 80; the largest number of cows, 60 ; and the smallest, 24. The highest quality of millv was the above, and the poorest, 12.56 solids, of which 3.28 per cent was fat. All the cow tests at the annual Dairy Shows in October have been for a limited period of forty-eight hours. The last published table of averagesTin my possession, for the three breeds, for four milkings, at the October Show in London, for a series of eight years was : — Total Cows Guernseys. Milk. Solids. Fiit. 1879 to 1886 . . 29 Day's yield Jerseys. 26.80 13.98 4.64 1879 to 1886 . 56 Day's yield Shorthorns. 28.11 13.86 4.31 1879 to 1886 . 73 Day's yield 42.80 12.*-0 3.69 Added to this, I may take the performance of the October Dairy Show, 1892, at the Agricultural Hall, London. Average Yields. Breed. Milks — Lbs. per Day. Totals Solids. Fat. Average Weight of Cow. 7 Shorthorns . 49.8 12.67 3.80 1,451 lbs 10 Jerseys . . 27.6 14.74 5.51 829 " 4 Guernseys . 29.4 13.95 4.91 1,044 " 1 Dutch . . 61.8 12.85 3.86 1,532 '■ 2 Ayrshires 40.5 13.64 4.22 1.054 " 5 Kerries . . 25.5 13.42 +.37 721 " 1 Red Polled 27.7 13.47 4.33 1,121 " 1 Aberdeen-A ngus. . 60.3 13.74 4.99 1,312 " 2 Cross bred Dutch . . . . 59.9 12.29 3.77 1,267 " 10 Dairy Show, 1893, Milking Trials. Cowa. No. of Days i:iiii}Tif turns. Day's Milk. Age-Trs. Calves. Calved Lbs. , Total Solids. Fat. Award. 64 6 19 60.7 12.75 3.56 Champion Cup. 5 5 24 65.4 11.77 3.39 Second Prize. 8 5 43 57.5 12.69 3.49 Third Prize. 6 12 48.7 14.04 Jerseys. 4.56 Reserve. 64 6 131 33.2 17.25 7.29 Champion Cup. 71 126 37.9 13.66 4.10 Second Prize. 31 , 2 33.7 16.29 6.51 Third Prize. 5 4 53 32.7 15.58 Guernseys. 6.34 Reserve. 8i — 59 47.7 13.16 4.21 Champion Cup. 6i — 171 36.7 14.09 4.76 Reserve. Cross or Mixed Breeds. 9 7 10 77.2 14.00 4.24 Champion Cup. 10 8 85 47.4 11.73 3.30 Second Prize. English Jersey Cattle Society's Butter Test. Butter Milk Cows. No of Days Churned. Ratio to Age— Yi'8. Calves. Calved. Lbs. Ozs. Lbs. Ozs. 1 lb. Butter. Award. 64 6 132 32 8 2 8 13 Gold Medal and £3. 31 2 — 34 8 2 4 15.33 Silver Medal and £3. 6| — 63 32 2 2 15.05 Bronze Medal and £3. 5 4 54 33 1 13J 17.74 Certificate of Merit. Totals 72 Averages for Sixteen. 26 1 8| ozs. 4304 24 lOi The winner (Chesnut 2nd) of the Champion Cup and Gold Medal is a remarkable cow, having won a gold medal before. Her dam, Chesnut, won a silver medal in 1886, and her great-granddam won the gold medal in the Royal Counties' Show, 1887. This exhibit shows marked individuality of character, and the value of the maxim, " Breed from winners." 11 Prizes were offered for the first time this year for a Shorthorn BrjTTER Test. Six cows produced in one day as follows : — Average Age. Day's Milk Yield. Butter Churned. Si years 271 lbs. 9 lbs. 104 ozs. Average per cow 45 " 1 lb. 94 " Tears. Days Milked. Milk Yield. Butter. First Prize ... 6 24 58 2 lbs. 84 ozs. Second Prize . .6 20 60 2 " 14 " Resei've . . . . 8 43 58 1 lb. 12i " With this immense mass of fact relating to your Associaticn's effort in bringing to light the best worli in England, what do we learn ? Just what we have at Chicago — that individuality is the greatest factor in all animal performances, whether in the barn or on the turf. The same principle is vital among men. Among our most successful breeders individual merit first has long been practised. Without it, family credentials covering a thousand years would be held of little value. This was the " guiding star" which helped the late Mr. Philip Dauncey to give us that inimitable family of Rioter-Stoke-Pogis Jer- seys which were the result of his sixty years of breeding. Mr. Salisbury Baxendale has shown the same discrimination in his selec- tion of Jerseys like " Chesnut 2nd," and tbe Shorthorn " Semolina." Let us now examine the Chicago work of the fifteen-day cheese test, the ninety-day butter test, and the thirty-day test, together with the sweepstakes awards. The Fifteen-Day Cheese Test. From May 11 to May 25, inclusive, the seventy-five cows in the dairy barns at Jackson Park were tested for cheese. The result has been figured out, tabulating the material facts of the test, arranging the cows in the rank which they assume under the rules as indicated by the net profit they show for the fifteen days. The cows were charged with the food they ate, and credited with their yield of cheese, the value of the whey, and the gain in live weight. The difference between the total value of their products and the cost of their food is the net profit, and the awards go to the cows and the 12 herd which show " the greatest net profit." When the net profits were equal the award was given to the cow which " yields the profit at the least cost." There were five awards, based on net profit — (a) for an individual cow in each breed ; (6) for an individual cow in each breed ; (c) for five cows in each breed ; (d) for five cows in any breed ; (e) for the herd. The Jersey won the award for the best cow in any breed, and the best herd, but a Shorthorn stands fifth among the best five cows of any breed. The best Jersey cow and best in any breed was " Ida Marigold " ; the best Shorthorn cow was "Nora"; the best Guernsey cow was " Sweet Ada." The best five Jersey cows were " Ida Marigold," " Merry Maiden," " Lily Martin," " Signal Queen," and " Baroness Argyle." The best five Shorthorn cows were " Nora," " Betsey 7th," " Gene- vieve," "Kitty Clay 7th," and " Bashful 2nd." The five best Guernsey cows were "Sweet Ada," "Amanda," " Materna," " Select 8th, " and " Rosette 5th." The best five cows in the test were the Jerseys, " Ida Marigold," "Merry Maiden," " Lily Martin," and "Signal Queen," and the Shorthorn " Nora." The milk for five days was spoiled for cheese-making, so that cheese was actually made only ten days. The yields' for the other days have been estimated from the amount of total solids in the milk. This estimation has been proved to be very close. The score for the ten days is herewith submitted. The standard by which the judges worked was as follows : Flavor, 55 ; texture, 25 ; keeping quality, 15 ; color, 5 ; total, 100. For the ten days the Jersey scores average thus : Flavor, 49.8 ; texture, 23.2 ; keeping quality, 13.5 ; color, 4.2 ; total, 90.7. TheGuernsey scores average thus : Flavor, 48.9 ; texture, 21.8 ; keeping qualities, 12.3 ; color, 4.2 ; total, 87.2. The Shorthorn score, average thus: Flavor, 50.4; texture, 22.3 ; keeping' qualities, 13.4; color, 4.4 ; total, 90.5. Cheese is rated in price according to its score, and ranges from ten to fourteen cents. The price for each day's cheese is shown in the table. In addition to showing the account with each of the seventy-five cows, we give the tabulated facts of the herd work, and for the first time information concerning the feed is made public. For the individ^ ual cows we give merely the total cost of the fifteen days' feed ; for 13 the herds, the kinds, amounts and value of the different feed-stuffs used are submitted. In fifteen daj-s the Jerseys ate $98.14 worth of feed which was a daily charge for the herd of $6.54, or a cost for the aver- age daily ration per cow of 26^ cents. The Guernseys ate $76.5J5 worth of feed — a daily cost of $5.08 or 20^ cents per cow. The Shorthorns ate $99.36 worth of feed— a daily cost of $6.62, or 26^ cents per cow. On this cost of rations the Jerseys showed a profit for fifteen days of $119.82, the Guernseys of $88.30, and the Shorthorns of S81.36. The feed-stuffs were charged per ton (2,000 lbs.) : Corn meal, $22 corn hearts, $18.50 ; oats, $23 ; cotton-seed meal, $26 ; bran, $12.50 middlings, $13; grano-gluten, 114.75; oil meal, $22; hay. $11.50 silage, $4. Kinds, Amounts, and Values op Food Consumed by Herds. Pkices. Jerseyb. GUERt tSETS. Shorth OKNS. Ton (2,000 IbB). Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Hay . Ill 50 3,395 $19 52 5,000 $28 75 4,784.3 $27 51 Silage . . 4 00 3,840.1 7 68 1,765 3 53 5,977.8 11 96 C o 1 1 n-S e e d Meal . . . 26 00 1,105.53 14 37 385.75 5 01 681.5 8 86 Linseed Meal . 22 00 370.18 4 07 519 5 71 370.9c 4 08 Bran . 12 50 2,203.87 13 76 1,533 9 58 1,193.8 7 46 Oats . . . . 23 00 450.35 5 17 409.75 4 71 1,644.8 18 91 Corn Hearts . 13 50 2,391.4 16 14 449.5 3 03 519 3 45 Middlings . . 13 00 1,666.71 10 83 — — 948.4E 6 10 Grano-Gluten . 14 75 — — — 4 99 — — Curn Meal 22 00 600 li 60 994.7 t 10 94 997.1 10 97 AMOUNT OF PKODUCTS Gain Milk, Cheese, Whey, Live Wt. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Jerseys . . . 13,296.4 1,451.76 11,578.7 327 Guernseys . 10,938.6 1,130.62 9,666.7 480 Shorthorns . . 12,186.7 1,077.6 10,838.9 709 VALUE OF PKODUCTS— SUMMART. Sales, Cost Cheese. Whey. Live Wt. Cheese. Food. Net. Jerseys . .• $193-98 $9 26 $14 72 $217 96 $98 14 $1}9 ?2 Guernseys . . . . 136 22 7 73 il 60 164 o5 76 25 88 30 Shorthorns . . . 140 14 8 67 31 91 180 72 99 36 81 36 RELATIVE POSITIONS OF COWS IN THE CHEESE TEST. AMOtrKT Products. VALtJE PBOD'TS. SnMMAKT. - 1. *J'c •d Name. Breed. i £• ^ i3 ^1 i .£3 1 .>is d 1'= 1 15 Lhs. Lbs. Lbs. $ $ $ $ $ $ 1. Ida Marigold Jy. . 673.6 70.92 586.6 28 9.47 0.47 1.26 11.20 4.23 6.97 2. Merry Maiden . . ;624.0I70.07 543.8 18 9.36 0.44 0.81 10.61 4.05 6.66 3. Lily Martin .... " 1673.4 57.86 499.4 49 7.73 0.40 2.20 10.33 3.99 6.84 4. Signal Queen . . . " -.81.0 60.97 505.9 43 8.14 0.40 1.94 10.48 4.14 8.84 5. Nora Sb. . 663.1 60.66 590.0 66 7.88 0.47 2.62 [10.87 4.60 6 27 6. Baroness Argyle . Jy. . 656.9 69.90 671.9 12 9.34 0.46 0.54 10.34 4.22 6.12 7. Exile's Lnlu . . . 632.0 64.95 550.4 14 8.68 0.44 0.63 9.75 3 65 6.10 8. Hugo Countess . . " 628.4 66.91 547.3 16 8.94 0.44 0.72 10.10 4.14 6.96 9. Alteration . . . «' 588.2 65,47 512.3 9 8.76 0.41 0.41 9.67 3.73 5.84 10. Betsey 7th. . . 8h. . 183 42.94 429.6 66 6.68 0.34 2.97 8 89 8.26 5.63 11. Brown Bessie . . . Jy. . 639.1 68.47 656.6 1 9.14 0.46 0.05 9.64 4.18 5.46 12. Little Goldie . . . 563.1 61.74 490.3 13 8.25 0.39 0.69 9.23 3.86 5.37 13. Genevieve. . . Sh. '. 685.2 59.13 609.4 34 7.69 0.49 1.63 9.71 4.43 5.28 14. Sweet Ada .... Gy. . 535.0 54.06 472.7 37 6.47 0.38 1.67 8.52 3.25 5.27 15. Sheba Rex . . . v Jy. . 593.4 65.70 516.9 2 8.78 0.41 0.09 9.28 4.04 524 16. Albert's Gem . . . 506.3 57.19 440.9 21 7.64 35 0.95 8.94 3.86 6.08 17. Amanda .... Gy. : 482.2jo2.66 426.2 21 6.29 0.34 0.95 7.58 2.52 6.06 IS. Materna 597.262.01 627.7 7 7.42 0.42 0.31 8.15 3.33 4.82 19. Select 8th '« 545.6 .56 35 482.2 20 6.74 0.39 0.90 8.03 3.24 4.79 20. Flora Temple . . Jy. . 526.9 1 65.33 458.9 18 7.39 0.37 0.81 8.57 3.90 4.67 21. Rosette 5th ... . Gy. . 682.8,56.54 616.0 14 6.76 0.41 0.63 7.79 3.13 4.66 22. Jeweller's Jessie 450.4:45 r,s +02 4 42 6.46 0.32 1.89 7.67 3.08 4.69 23. Justa Pogis . . . Jy. ; 448.2J51.17 390.3 30 6.84 C.81 1.35 S.50 8.92 4.58 24. Kitty Clay 7th . . . Sh. . 437.8 37.79 389.8 67 4.91 0.31 2.67 7.79 3.27 4.62 26. Ethics of Cornwall Gy. • 494.0'o0.66 436.6 21 6.06 0.36 0.94 7.35 8.01 4.84 26. Pearl of Riverside. Jy. . 509.3 57.62 443.6 4 7.70 0.35 0.18 8.23 3.97 4.26 27. Bashful 2nd . . . Sh. . 638.0:58.32 585.2 8 7.59 0.47 0.36 8.42 4.35 4.07 28. Fancy 11th . . " 429.1 41.61 381.6 60 5.41 0.31 2.70 8.42 4.87 4.05 29. Lottie C. 2nd . . . Gy. . 461.2 46.28 407.6 28- 5.53 0.38 1.26 7.12 3.08 4.04 30. Marchioness 6th . . Sh. . 540.5 48.64 480.7 49 6.32 0.39 2.20 8.91 4.98 8.93 31. SaydaSrd Jy. . 624.4 .16.82 456.7 7.69 0.37 7 96 4.12 3.84 32. Princess Honoria . 488.2 54.75 425.1 — 5 7.31 0.34 — .23 7.42 3.60 8.82 33. Grace Pansy . . . " 419.3 46, as 365.2 •^4 6.28 0.29 1.08 7.65 3.86 3.79 34. Bella of the Touillets . Gy. ■ 407.6 40.88 360.3 35 1 4.89 0.29 1.68 6.76 3.10 8.66 35. Gay Orphan . . Jy. . 422.3 40.21 367.6 16 6.57 0.29 0.72 7.68 3.96 3.62 36. Butterfly 3rd Sh. . 499.8 41.78 444.6 67 5.43 0.36 2.57 8.36 4.76 3.60 37. Emma Abbott 3rd . . " 622.1 44.77 463.4 19 6.82 0.37 0.86 7.03 3.47 8.58 38. Mernie Gy. . 429.0 47.57 379.0 17 6.69 0.30 0.78 6.76 3.19 3.66 39. Jane Ash 360.7 39.40 318.8 38 4.71 0.26 1.71 •6.67 3.13 3.64 40. Honor " 418.3 41.21 369.6 25 4.93 0.30 1.13 6.36 2.94 8.42 41. Baisy llinman . , Jy. . 444.2 49.61 386.8 7 6.64 0.31 0.31 7.26 3.85 8.41 42. Annice Magnet . . 492 .8 64.45 429.1 — 3 7.27 0.34 — .14 7.47 4.07 8.40 43. Mina 3rd Gy. : 398.2 39.96 351.9 31 4.78 0.28 1.40 6.46 8.08 3 38 44. Lorita Jy. . 444.7 49.31 387.6 9 6.69 0.31 0.41 7.31 3.96 3.35 45. Pretty Marchioness 432.6 45.77 376.6 14 6.12 0.30 0.63 7.06 3.75 8.30 46. Natasqua '* 4^1.2 60.33 373.4 — 8 6.74 0.30 — .36 6.68 3.39 3.29 47. Daisy Flower Gy. . 408.1 42.43 360.6 17 5.07 0.29 0.76 6.12 2.91 3.21 48. Panacea. . . . . 373.2 39.36 329.8 29 4.71 0.26 1.30 6.27 8.08 3.19 49. Iza Sh. ; 446.3 39.82 396.9 32 5.18 0.32 1.44 6.94 3.74 3.17 50. Prudie 3rd . . . Gy. . 391.2 38.87 345.7 23 4.65 0.28 1.04 5.97 2.82 8.15 51. Countess Cora . . . 408.3 42.38 369.1 16 5.07 0.29 0.73 6.09 2.94 8.16 62. Waterloo Daisy . . Sh. '. 714.4 64.05 635.4 —21 8.83 0.61 — .94 7.90 4.78 3.12 63. Tristeka . ... Jy. . 464.3 60.26 395.5 — 5 6.72 0.32 — .23 6.81 8.70 3.11 54. Orange Girl .... Sh. . 433.4 38.24:385.5 30 4.97 0.31 1,35 6.63 3.60 3.03 65. Martha Scott . . . Gy. . 372.5 37.88 329 3 27 4.53 0.26 1.22 6.01 3.0U 3.01 66. Ovation 416.2 42.11 367.7 17 6.04 0.29 0.76 6.09 3.08 3.01 67. Fillpail 9th . . . Sh. ; 367.7 35.66 327.0 36 4.64 0.26 1.62 6.52 3.61 3.01 68. Azalea " 495.0 44.64 440.3 6 5.79 0.36 0.27 6.41 3.43 2.98 59. Fillpail 8th . . . *' 3U7.2 27.71 273.2 62 3.61 0.22 2.79 6.62 3.66 2.96 60. Lawn Tennis . . . Gy- • 394.0 41.56 348.2 18 4.97 0.28 0.80 6.05 3.15 2.90 61. Plumwood Belle . Sh. . 441.0 41.40 392.2 26 5.38 0.31 1.12 6.81 3.94 2.87 62. Lady of EUerslie . Gy. . 423.7 47,47 374.4 —11 5.68 0.30 — .50 5.48 2.68 2.80 63. Belle Price . . . Sh. . 527.9 44.94 409.6 11 6.84 0.38 0.49 6.71 8.92 2.79 64. Miss Cowslip . . . Gy. . 893.0 40.37 347.4 11 4.83 0.28 0.50 6.61 3.13 2.48 65. Claudia I( 428.9 45.04 379.1 — 4 5.39 0.30 — .18 5.51 3.07 2.44 66. Maid of Oxford 2nd Sh. ; 442.5 36.82 393.7 24, 4.79 0.31 1.08 6.18 3.77 2!41 67. Rosa " , 439.7 36.31 391.1 16 4.72 0.31 0.68 6.71 3.81 2.40 68. Lucy Ann ** 468.0 41 .57 416.3 11 6.41 0.33 0.49 6.23 3.90 2.33 69. Oxford Bloom 8th . " 407.9 36 35 362.8 42 4.73 0.29 1.89 6.91 4.68 2.33 70. Royal Ducheae . . " 46B.7 39.73 416.1 31 6.17 0.33 1.40 6.90 4.61 2.29 71. Maid of Oxford 3rd " 449.6 37.40 399.8 20 4.86 0.82 0.90 6.08 3.81 72. Aldine . . Gy. . 389.0 40.76 343.8 — 2 4.87 0.27 — .00 5.05 3.13 1.92 73. Rosabella 375.3 39 24 331.6 3 4.69 27 0.13 6.09 3.18 1 91 74. Chrlsiata .... Sh. '. 440.9 41.13 392.2 —17 6.35 0.31 — .77 4.89 3 50 1.30 1.08 76. Maud's Antarctic . . 420.0 36.42 373.5 — 4 4.74 0.80 -.18 4.36 3.78 15 JUDGES' AWARDS IN CHEESE TEST. Flavor. Texture. Keeping Quality. Color. Total. Price, Cents. May 16 - Jerseys . . Guernseys . . Shorthorns . 1 4?. 7 49.7 50.3 22.fi 20.6 22.3 13.0 11.7 12.7 4.0 3.7 4.0 89.3 85.7 89.3 0.12 0.12 0.12 May 17 ■ Jerseys . . . Guernseys . Shorthorns . 49.7 50.7 51.7 23.0 19.6 23.3 13.6 10.7 14.0 4.0 4.3 5.0 90.3 85.3 94.0 0.14 0.12 0.14 May 18 • : Jerseys . . . 1 Guernseys . . ' Shorthorns . 50.0 .iO.O 50.0 22.0 21.3 21.7 12.3 13.0 13.0 3.7 4.0 4.0 88.0 88.3 88.7 0.12 0.12 0.12 May 19 ■ ' Jerseys . . . 1 Guernseys . Shorthorns 49.7 50.0 50.0 24.0 22.7 22.0 14.0 13.3 13.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 92.0 90.3 89.7 0.14 0.14 0.12 May 2 1 - : Jerseys . . GueiTiseys . . ' Shorthorns 51.0 47.3 50.0 23.7 21.7 22.7 13.7 10.7 13.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 92.7 84.0 90.3 0.14 0.10 0.14 May 22 r Jerseys ... . Guernseys . . ' Shorthorns 47.3 46.3 51.7 22.7 214 23.7 13.0 12.0 14.0 4.7 4.0 4.3 87.7 83.7 93.7 0.12 O.IO 0.14 May 23 : Jerseys . . . : Guernseys . . ' Shorthorns . 50.0 51.7 50.3 22.7 23 3 20.4 13.3 14.0 12.7 4.3 4.3 4.3 90.3 93.3 87.7 0.14 0.14 0.12 May 24 ' Jerseys . < Guernseys . . I Shorthorns 49.7 47.7 60.3 23.6 21.3 23.7 13.7 12.3 14.0 4.3 4.0 4.3 91.3 85.3 92.3 0.14 0.12 0.14 May 25 f Jerseys . < Guernseys . . ( Shorthorns . 50.7 47.7 50.0 23.7 •^3.7 23.0 14.0 13.0 1 13.3 4.3 4.3 4.7 92.7 88.7 91.0 0.14 0.12 0.14 May 26 ' Jerseys . . . < Guefnseys . . t Shorthorns . 50.0 48.3 50.0 23.7 22.0 20.0 14.0 12.7 14.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 92.0 87.3 88.3 14 0.12 0.12 THE NINETY-DAY TEST. Three breeds competed, twenty-five cows each. One Shorthorn cow died at calving, after tlie test beiian, causing a blank record ; thus only twenty-four Shorthorns competed. Every cow was cred- ited vsrilh butter, solids not fat in the skim milk and buttermilk, and gain in live weight, all at rates fixed by the rules, and debited with cost of all food, of butter color used, and any loss of live weight. The awards were made on the basis of the greatest net profit for the ninety days. RANK OP COWS IN NtNETY-DAT TEST. Cow No. Name of Cow. 9. 10. 13. U. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 26. 28. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 60. .51. 62. 63. 54. 66. 66. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 66. 66. 67. 68. 6H. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 1. Brown Bessie 2. Merry Maiden 3. Ida Marigold 4. ShebaRex 5. Hugo Countess 6. Baroness Argyle 7. Islip Lenox 8. Romp's Princess Materna Sweet Ada 11. Flora Temple 3rd .. . 12. Alteration Little Goldie Select Albert's Gem N'ora Exile's Lulu Lily Martin Natasqua SaydaSrd Signal Queen Essence G-enevieve Ethics of Cornwall .. JUBta Pogis Pearl of Riverside... Waterloo Daisy Betsey 7th Princess Honoria.. . Imp. Bashful 2nd... Daisy Hinman Plumwood Belle Amanda Aldine Eiiir Maid of HuUct. Rosette Lady of Ellerslie . . . Princess Aster 2nd .. Emma Abbott Grace Pansy 2nd Belle Price Mernie Claudia Lorita Gay Orphan Rosa Azalea Lady Bright Kitty Clay 7th Countess Cora Lawn Tennis LottieC.2nd Marchioness 6th Prudie of Cas. B'k.- Bellaof Toulllets... Lucy Ann Maud's Antarctic . . . Miss Cowslip Maid of Oxford 3rd . Daisy Flower Iza Jane Ash Honor Annlce Magnet Fancy Jeweller e Jessie Ovation Royal Duchess Rosabella Panacea Orange Girl Butterfly 3rd Maid of .Oxford 2nd Fillpail9th Jy. Lbs 8634.0 3041.2 3448.3 3283.3 3542.9 3266.2 3070.0 2984.4 3611.8 3225, 3238.2 3066.7 3214.1 1 2666.4 3679.8 3224.5 3520.2 2463.9 3043.1 3190.6 2847.6 3823.1 2963.1 2745.3 2663.7 3601.8 3167.4 .4 3341.0 2677.8 2721.1 3276.9 2518.6 3620.7 2834.0 2392.2 2826.9 2647.1 2344 4 3249.4 2346.1 2377.7 2320, 2176.9 2866.1 2432.6 2908.9 2689,1 2143.5 22U4.1 2371, 2614 2124.8 2248.7 2699.3 2472.2 2306.3 265b. 2 2204.6 2409.6 1872.6 2257.0 1810.6 2212.9 2017.0 2202.1 1942.3 1732.7 2206.0 2697.6 2151.1 1896.2 Lbs. 178.12 164.81 164.28 166.83 157.85 169.93 146.46 164.97 163.39 147.61 146.46 148.08 144.' 140.88 186.43 133.86 138.43 135.11 132.89 139.93 136.30 132.67 128.84 132.17 129.70 132.27 126.65 116.60 131.19 127.84 127.62 112.49 129.84 117.85 125.38 116,98 118.49 115.65 100.13 121.03 106.81 113.96 110.23 120.64 114.27 96.24 98.81 96.13 99.96 101.58 101,64 102.65 99.94 98.20 100.62 93.68 87.76 99.69 89.19 98.11 91.17 97.40 94.38 81.62 93.18 89.53 83,00 91.97 88.97 79.90 86.89 71.96 76.59 Lbs 216.669 200.542 199.781 190 641 191.916 194.433 178.089 188.497 186.160 178.138 176.772 179.902 175.892 169.853 166.799 168.566 164.248 161 .541 170.114 166.627 160.034 169.534 157.716 160.824 159.470 156.150 166.128 142.252 141.153 143.038 139.489 147.028 137,583 133.040 146.636 138.976 122.628 122.529 123.836 118.616 121.435 120.169 118.396 117.666 113.981 112.406 108.111 110.743 104.960 O Lbs. 316.936 267.469 298.656 286.445 314.484 282.145 273.473 263.423 318.074 290.794 264.631 272.364 285.627 268.224 39.386 279.941 299.292 222.695 268.273 276.810 249.957 261.398 249.029 241,661 Value of Products 240.038 232.960 281.786 581.806 251.287 216.295 243.345 208.680 214.701 215.212 206.176 193.681 194.242 196.788 207.674 205.30' 196.863 168.704 198.274 200.672 179.023 173.334 164.215 88.770 82.028 81.809 '7.891 78.462 79.432 72.893 77.021 74.744 71.922 72.202 73.290 72.063 68.661 67.735 66.083 68.932 ..,161 65.987 69.645 67.651 64.492 62.442 64.i67 64.6'24 66.743 61.625 56.677 66.262 62.096 63.444 54.663 62.912 67.449 60.814 56.994 57.706 56.268 48.748 60.068 51.980 65.484 53.701 59.985 57.006 46.311 48.160 46.802 48.620 49.419 49.3"l 49.924 48.649 47.796 49.014 45.626 42.662 48.420 43.843 47.707 44.286 47.413 45.943 48.658 89.613 46.301 43.654 40.358 44.834 42.280 38.778 42 204 34.984 37.216 6.334 6.349 6.973 5.729 6.290 5.843 6.469 5.268 6.362 6.816 5.293 6.447 6.713 5.364 4.788 6.646 6.699 5 986 4.454 6.366 5.636 4, 6.642 5.228 4.981 4.831 6.132 6.896 4.801 5.768 4.i 4.i 6.686 4.636 6.063 6.025 4.326 4.1 4.6b7 4.172 6.667 4, 4.304 4.124 8.872 4.906 4.394 4.863 4.674 885 3, 4.J68 4.623 3.728 3, .419 4.250 4.106 4.666 3.917 4.317 374 3.965 3.622 3.278 4.018 8.58U 802 3.467 3.084 3.886 4.483 1 3.558 3.4161 " "1 -3.645 -0.640 +3.510 .2.886 -t-1.486 --1 140 +4.860 -f-0.180 .0.585 ■1.035 ■3.420 +1.440 +2.665 +4.410 +6.176 +1.800 +8.016 ■1.620 —0.945 0.0l4 0.013 0.013 0.013 U.018 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.006 « 26.611 23.391 27.125 24.845 25.492 26.412 23 978 23.434 22.693 +1.035 22.050 +3.420 24.416 22.626 24.036 21.438 23.386 24.118 23.794 25.158 0.011 21.078 O.OlO 23.270 0.011 +1.820l24.377 0.011 -0.676 -3.736 +0.676 ■3.060 -2,260 +1.980 -8.236 OS n 98.749 87.917 91.292 86.466 86.237 . :,516 S3, 222 82.469 81.1U6 0.006 78.773 0,012 80.915 24.427 0.012 78.737 22.638 012 79.216 24.047 ■6.480 21.441 76.933 0.006 0.011 0.057 O.OU +1.126 —0.180 +0.180 +7.966 —2.620 +8.016 —0.855 +1.846 18.527 0.006 22.600 0,066 19.993 22.749 0.010 23.773 0.010 20.992 0.064 21.708 0.049 22.899 20.433 22.224 21.808 20.082 20.016 21.079 19.241 +0,94518.967 —0.460 +8.190 —0.675 +4,996 +0.990 +1.846 —3.196 —2.260 +8.280 +4.960 +2.475 +6.400 +1.216 — .270 , .5,266 +1,680 +0,720 +7,650 +8.326 —0.045 +4.996 +0.720 +4.050 -1-0.766 +1.485 —0.450 +7.290 -1-0.460 +O.045 +6.760 +1.126 +4.725 +4.140 -f7.336 1+6.255 18.788 19.728 22.345 21.309 19.919 19.947 21.366 19.270 20.787 18.878 16.414 22.942 19.014 17.960 18.572 23.212 18.337 19.237 23.286 20.996 18.674 19.286 18.761 19.826 18.600 19.832 20.676 20.034 19.723 17.407 20.222 19.259 17.806 19.088 22.783 0.010 0.064 0.010 0.047 0.006 0.005 0.063 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.042 0,010 0.046 0.004 0.004 0.010 0.009 0.041 0.042 0.041 0.042 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.042 0.004 0.004 0.039 0.037 0.004 0.U38 0.004 0.038 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.035 008 0.003 0.034 0.087 il 25.626 23.404 27.138 24,868 26.605 26.425 23.991 23.446 23.284 22.066 23.377 76.804 24.170 76.331 23.806 ,-.152 26.167 72.081 21.088 ■4.910 74.807 69.491 r2.819 '0.170 '2.665 72.8-24 '87 70.207 1.178 67.868 68.284 -7.357 68.648 66.100 86.867 63.864 62.977 61.136 61.600 64.240 62.482 60.7.- 69.850 64.0.09 60.878 69.996 67.504 64.130 58.694 54.619 63.277 54.077 68.48T 63.058 53.697 67.596 56.237 62.626 52,904 62.344 52,652 61.562 61.393 0.008 52.160 0.034 50.176 '64 47.179 24.226 24.388 19.207 22.556 19.998 22.769 23.783 21.048 21.757 22.909 20.667 22.234 21.366 22.807 48.301 46.489 47.388 60.827 19.4.:i0 0.030 46.877 19.480 22.118 0.032 46.886 22.160 23.030 21.354 19.923 19.961 24.661 21.529 20.828 18.720 16.456 22.984 19.018 17.964 18.846 23.254 18.341 19.241 23.324 21.038 18,623 19.824 18.785 19.384 18.606 19.336 21.034 20.068 19.727 17.410 49.920 -20.267 73.224 64.613 64.164 61.597 60.732 60.090 69.231 59.023 57.822 66.717 66.488 68.099 55.169 55.039 53.556 52.634 62.628 60.985 50.973 50.684 50.419 60.284 60.264 50.172 49.806 49.041 48.691 48.460 48.269 47.196 46.050 46.002 46.941 20.021|45.079 21.98744.880 19.-J46l44.618 18.972144.006 19.242 41.894 19.768 41.832 41.210 41.128 40.845 19.262 17.809 19.122 22.820 39.498 89.498 39.168 38.784 37.676 36.710 35.501 35.313 86.281 35.188 34.712 34.468 34.271 34.204 38.903 33.680 38.679 33.288 33.047 32.067 31.126 30.108 30.037 29.769- 29.663 29.039 28.680 28.260- 28.007 26.897 24.736 17 The average net profit per cow is $43.68. The number of cows above this average isj37, as follows : 21 Jerseys, 9 Guernseys, and 7 Shorthorns. The last Jersey is No. 64 ; the last Guernsey, No. 70 ; the last Shorthorn, No. 74. The net profit of the best cow (No. 1) in this selected lot is almost three times that of No. 74. (a.) TJie Best Cow in each Breed (90 Days' Average). Brown Bessie, Jersey Materna, Guernsey Nora, Shorthorn . . Milk per;Day. B ]tter per Day- Lbs. Lbs. 0Z8. 40.3 2 64 39.0 2 01 40.9 I m* (b.) The Best Cow in any Breed. — Brown Bessie, Jersey, (c.) Best Five Cows in each Breed. Brown Bessie Merry Maiden Ida Marigold Sheba Kex . Hugo Countess Milk. Lbs. 3,634 3,041 3,448 3,283 3,543 Fat. Lbs. 178 166 164 157 158 Jbrsbys. Butter. Lbs. 217 201 200 191 192 Cost Food. |25 51 23 39 27 12 2i 85 25 49 Live Weight. Credit. H-81 #98 75 +12 87 92 +78 91 29 +63 86 45 +33 8G 24 Debit. f2o 53 28 41 27 14 24 85 25 51 Net Proflt. $73 22 64 51 64 15 61 59 60 73 GUERKSEYS. Materna . Sweet Ada Select 8th . Essence 3,512 3,225 2,986 2,848 153 185 148 178 141 170 133 160 22 69 22 05 21 44 18 53 —13 +23 +57 — 15 81 11 78 77 76 48 69 49 L'3 28 22 05 21 44 19 21 57 82 56 71 55 04 50 28 Ethics of Cornwall, 2,953 182 160 19 99 +15 70 17 20 00 50 17 Shorthokns. Nora . . . Genevieve . . Waterloo Daisy. Betsey 7th . . Bashful 2d . 8,680 134 *166 8,823 129 161 3,601 127 160 3,167 116 145 24 11 "■+115 22 50 + 82 20 99 + 44 21 71- +183 3,341 128 160 20 43 76 80 72 82 69 74 70 21 24 17 * 52 63 22 56 50 26 21 05 48 69 21 76 48 45 4 67 86 20 66 47 20 (d.) The Best Fice Cows of any Breed. — The Jerseys, as above. * Subject to slight correction. 18 (e.) The Best Breed competing. — The Jersey. Becord of the Jersey Herd for 90 Days. Debit. Credit. Food, costs $587 50 Butter color 28 Loss, live weight, lbs. . 167 00 Total debit $595 30 Milk produced, lbs. Fat ill milk . . Other solids . . . Butter credited Gain in weight . . 73,478 3,515 6,781 4,274 911 Value total products . . $1,919 82 Net profit 1 ,324 62 Breeds Becord for Full Period (90 Days). Breeds. Jerseys . . Guernseys . Shorthorns Breeds. Jerseys . Guernseys . Shorthorns . Milk. Lbs. Total Solids. Fat. Butter. Lbs. Solids not Fat. Value. Butter. 73,478.8 61,781.7 66,263.2 13.82 13.78 12.66 4.86 4.61 3.63 4,273.95 3,360.43 2,890.87 6,465.05 5,501.44 5,750.85 $1,747 37 1,355 44 1,171 77 Other Solids. Value of Products. Feed Cost. Net Profit. Live Weight added. $129 30 110 02 ■ 115 02 $1,876 67 1,465 46 1,286 77 $587 50 484 1+ 501 79 $1,289 17 981 32 785 00 $1,323 81 997 64 910 12 Dry Substance oi' Feed Consumed in Ninety-Day Test. Jerseys Total Feed. Lbs. Coarse Feed. Lbs. Grain Feed. Lbs. Required for 1 lb. of butter. Lbs. Required for 1 lb. of mUk. Lbs. Req'dforllb of milk, solid Lbs. 67,459 ys, 58,960 rns, 63,651 27,297 27,461 28,659 40,164 31,499 34,992 15,786 17,545 22,018 0.918 0.9.-,4 0.961 6.64 6.93 7.87 THE THIRTY-DAY TEST. This test was for butter only, no other item of revenue — as skim- milk, buttermilk,, gain in live weight — being taken into account. This test was the more interesting to a large number of farmers on that account. The following list gives the rank of the forty-five cows which took part in the test, arranged according to net earnings : 19 Relative Positions of Cows in Thirty-Day Test. No. ; Breed. Jy. Sh. Jy- Gy- Name. I Jy. Gy. Jy 9 10 U 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 I Gy. •20 i Jy. 21 22 23 24 2-5 2G 27 28 29 30 .SI 32 ?.?. 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Gy. Jy- Gy. Jy. Sh. Jy Gy. Sh. Gy. Sh. Gy. Sh. Gy. >h. Gy. Sh. Gv. Sh. Gv. Sh. Browu Bessie . Merry Maldeu •. Kitty Clay 4th . Stoke Pogis Regina Purity . . . Oareno . . . Ida Marigold Sheba Rex . . Ve.sta's Valencia Sweet Ada . . Cupid's Jersey Maid Romp's Princess Flora Temple 3rd Baroness Argyle Materna . . . Select 8th . . Exile's Lulu . . Katherineof Pittsford Duchess of Orleans Hugo Countess Marita . . . Islip Lenox . . Signal Queen Bashful 2nd . . Sayda 3rd Ethics of Cornwall Kitty Clay 3rd . Waterloo Daisy Hosette . . . Nora .... Aldine .... Lady Bright . . Lady of EUerslie Genevieve . . Amanda . . . Betsey 7th . . Kitty Clay 7th . Kitty Clay 5th . Princess Aster 2nd Belle Prince . . Vervain . . . Essence . . . Fair Maid of HuUet Lucy Ann . . Rosa .... Lba. Lbs. Value of Milk. Butter. Butter. 1,134.6 72.24 $33 27 965.0 66.70 30 72 l,5!i2 9 62.24 28 53 1,012.2 60.27 27 77 1,060.7 54 HO 24 95 922.3 54.94 25 01 985.8 59.31 27 34 1,004.2 57.51 26 49 985.7 52.47 23 89 986.2 55.54 25 30 1,028.7 55.16 25 40 704.7 51.36 23 68 923.6 55.06 25 36 925.5 56.22 25 90 1,058.4 54.68 24 90 866.9 54.05 24 61 988.4 54.02 24 88 1,062..S 54.11 24 92 1,044.3 50.71 23 10 684.2 48.17 22 17 1,014.6 47.55 21 65 714.6 47.70 21 95 914 5 51.62 23 74 971.3 47.47 21 76 843.6 47.82 22 01 865.4 47.92 21 82 1,230.6 50.15 22 98 1,169.1 47.77 21 89 904.3 45.89 20 90 1,037.2 47.20 21 63 767.8 44 25 20 15 1,048.8 44.52 20 40 658.3 4L44 18 87 1,071.1 43.85 20 10 847.6 40 93 18 64 948.8 41.82. 19 16 831.2 42.43 19 45 1)26.9 41.10 18 84 86ii.8 41.6.-. 18 97 1,099.6 42.17 19 32 l,0;i3.6 40.48 18 55 669.1 37.36 17 02 884.9 39.12 17 93 788.7 36.36 16 67 923.6 35.97 16 48 COBt of Feed. $8 57 7 62 8 49 8 19 5 58 6 11 8 45 92 65 08 48 90 70 8 27 7 36 7 07 7 42 7 66 21 72 14 00 26 71 53 74 28 37, 33 13 90 51 .98 86 4t 6 6 6 7 7 6 7 6 6 5 6 5 6 6 79 6 24 The awards were as follows : — (o.) The Best Cow of any ^reed. Brown Basse, Jy. Net Profit. $24 70 23 10 20 04 19 58 19 38 18 9" 18 89 18 .=>7 18 24 18 22 17 92 17 78 17 66 17 63 17 54 17 .54 17 46 17 26 17 12 16 96 15 93 15 81 15 74 15 50 15 30 15 29 15 24 14 61 14 53 14 30 14 02 13 50 13 36 13 12 12 78 12 72 12 66 12 60 12 60 12 14 11 99 11 57 11 54 9 64 9 53 ■20 (6.) Best Cow in each Breed. Brown Bessie, Jy. Purity, Gy. Kitty Clay 4th, Sh. (c. ) The Best Five Cows in any Breed. Lbs. Lbe. Daily Value Cost of Net of Milk, of Butter. Yield.. Butter. Food. Profit. Brown Bessie, Jy. . . 1,134.6 72.24 2.6i ozs. |33 27 $8 57 #24 69 Merry Maiden, Jy. . . . 965.0 66.70 2.3i " 30 72 7 62 23 10 Kitty Clay 4th, Sli. . . . 1,592.0 62.24 2.1 " 28 52 8 49 20 03 Stoke PogisRegina4th,Jy., 1,012.2 60.27 2.0 " 27 76 8 19 19 57 Purity, Gy. 1,060.7 54 80 1.3i " 24 95 5 58 19 38 (d.) The Best Five m each Breed. Jerseys. Butter. Cr. Dr. Net. Lbe. Sales. Food. Profit. Brown Bessie 72.24 |33 27 $8 57 $24 69 Merry Maiden 66.70 30 72 7 62 23 10 Stolie Pogls Regiua . ... 60.27 27 76 8 19 19 57 Ida Marigold 59.30 27 34 8 45 18 89 ShebaKex 57.51 26 49 7 92 18 57 Totals .... 316.02 $145 58 $40 75 $104 82 Averages . . . 63.20 $29 U $8 15 $20 96 GUEKNSKYS. Purity 54.80 $24 95 $5 58 $19 38 Careno 54.94 25 01 6 11 18 90 .Vesta's Valencia 52.47 23.89 5 65 18 24 Sweet Ada 55.54 25 30 7 08 18 22 Materna 54.68 24 90 7 36 17 54 Totals .... 272.43 $124 05 $31 78 $92 28 Averages . . . 54.49 $24 81 $6 35 $18 45 Shorthokns. Kitty Clay 4tli 62.24 .$28 53 $8 49 $20 04 Bashful 2d 47.47 2176 6 26 15 50 Kitty Clay 3d 50.15 22 98 7 74 ]5 24 Waterloo Daisy 47.77 . 21 89 7 28 14 61 Noi-a 47.20 21 63 7 33 14 so Totals .... 254.83 $116 79 $37 10 $79 69 Averages . .- . 50.97 $23 36 $7 42 $15 93 21 (e.) The Best Breed. THE JERSEY. The summary of the herds is as (oUows : — Jersey. Ouerusey. Shorthoro. Pounds of Milk 13,921.90 13,518.40 15,618.30 Pounds of Butter 837.21 724.17 662.66 Value of Butter $385.59 $329.77 $303.69 Cost of Food 111.24 92.77 104.55 Net Profit 274.35 237.00 199.14 Cost of Butter, per lb 0.1.S3 0.128 0.158 Profit on Butter, " 0.328 0.327 0.301 Average price of Butter credited cents 0.461 0.455 0.459 The facts developed by the thirty-day test are extremely useful in emphasizing the lesson that a large yield and the greatest net profit do not always go together. The wonderful Jersey cow " Brown Bessie " deserves study at every point. She is the winner in the two uiost important contests, lasting four months. During the last thirty days her food cost was practically at the same rate as it was during the ninety-day test, about $8.30 a month, and the rate of net profit the same, or rather larger, as during the last thirty days she was credited with butter only, 824.69, whereas in the ninety-day test her akim-milk, buttermilk, and increased live weight were added to her butter earnings to make a total net profit of $73.22 for the three months' test. Another remarkable feature is the volume of milk. "Brown Bessie" gave during the ninety days 3,634 lbs., and the Shorthorn cow "Genevieve" 3,823 lbs., or 40 lbs. against 42 lbs. per day. Another remarkable fact is that "Brown Bessie" was the victor of any breed, against the Guernsey "Purity" and the Short- hoin " Kitty Clay 4th," in the thirty-day test, as neither of these animals were in the two previous tests. In the competition between breeds, the Guernseys came out as producers at lowest cost. The yields in the thirty-day test were wonderfully even in quantity, the food cost nearly alike, and the net profits of each of the best five were very close. The question suggests itself : Could they not have been fed more, and have run the winners closer, or have placed three of their number in the best five of any breed, and at least two of them in the best five of any breed in the ninety-day test? Another very striking feature of the work is that the great cows " Ida Marigold," the winner in the cheese test, and " Sweet Ada," the best Guernsey in the cheese test and the best Guernsey in the 22 sweepstakes, both gave large yields of butter in the thirty-day test. "Ida Marigold" produced more (59.30 lbs.) than the fifth cow, " Purity," in the best five (54.80). " Sweet Ada" is fourth in the list of the five best Guernseys, with a credit of 55.54 lbs. The same fact comes out in the Shorthorn performance, thus still further in- forcing the principle that net profit, and not the largest aggregate yield, is the safest criterion of value. As the food cost of the butter was about thirteen cents per lb., it is fair to ask whether the Guernseys could not have eaten two or more dollars' worth of food, and adderl the expenditure to the net profit. " Materna," the best Guernsey in the ninety-day test, lost about ten ounces of weight ; " Sweet Ada" gained but four ounces. The first ate $22.69 worth of food, the sec- ond, 822.05. No cattleman will believe these cows had reached the limit of their power of digestion, and three dollars' worth of extra food would have been a possible seven or eight dollars' worth of in- creaseil butter. Milk-producers and butter-makers know that when a cow's food costs below thirteen cents a pound on her butter, at the Chicago prices of feeding stuffs, there is room for more profit on but- ter at forty-five cents a pound when animals show no increase in live weight. The cow "Purity" made her butter at a lower cost than any cow in the list for the thirty-day test. She, "Careno," and "Vesta's Valencia," could surely have won three places in the best five of any breed. " Sweet Ada " and " Materna " at least had an even chance for fourth and fifth place in the best five of any breed for the ninety-day test. Prices, Kinds, Amounts, and Values op Food in the 30-Day Test. JERSBTS. GUEBNSETS. SHOBTHORSS Articles. Price Amt. Amt. Amt. per Ton. Lbs. Value. Lbs. Value. Lbs. Value. Hay $10 00 5,525 $27 62 3,779 $18 90 4,215 $21 07 Silage .... Cotton-seed Meal Oil Meal . . . Bran .... Oats .... Corn Hearts Middlings . . Grano-Gluten . Com Meal . . Carrots . . . 1 50 1,656 1 24 8,605 6 45 16,853 12 64 26 00 631 8 20 308 4 00 1,046 13 ,60 22 00 1,142 12 56 895 9 85 540 5 94 12 50 2,878 17 99 3,258 20 36 3,277 20 48 23 00 1,402 16 13 1,023 11 76 471 5 42 13 50 2,254 15 21 2,573 17 37 2,909 19 64 13 00 817 5 31 613 3 99 821 5 33 U 67 — — 12 09 58 43 22 00 506 5 56 — — _ _ 8 00 249 1 00 — — _ _ - Old Hay .... 1 1 50 74 42 — — _ _ $111 24 $92 77 $10r55 23 Average Quantities per Cow Daily. Jerseys. Ghernsets. Shorthorns. Hay lbs. 12.27 8.4 9.+ Silage '• 3.70 19.0 37.0 Cotton-seed Meal " 1.40 0.7 2.3 Linseed Meal " 2.50 2.00 1.2 Bran " 6.40 7.24 7.3 Oats " 3.10 2.30 1.05 Corn Hearts " 5.00 5.70 6.50 Middlings " 1.80 1.40 1.80 Grano-Gluten . .* . . . " — 0.03 0.13 Corn Meal " 1.10 — — Carrots " 0.42 — — Old Hay " 1.60 — — An examination of the quantities and kinds of food consumed, their physicial condition, chemical constituents, condimental scents and flavors, and their enjoyment by the animals, suggests Some pointed questions. It must be admitted that the Jerseys had food compounded for them which contained the largest percentages of albuminoids and the greatest total of digestible albuminoids ; it was most aromatic, and therefore best calculated to excite the appetite, enjoyment, and diges- tion. It was known that the ensilage at Chicago was poor, most of it unsound. The strong points in the Jersey rations are the small amount of the inferior ensilage, the proportion of cotton-seed meal, linseed meal, oats, corn meal, and carrots. The carrots were an invaluable salad, and the oats very aromatic. All practical men know results are obtained from oats which chemical analysis does not explain. The weak point of the G-uernsey rations was its too large quantity of ensil- age, too little cotton-seed meal, linseed meal, and oats, and no roots. The error of the Shorthorn ration was excess of ensilage, deficient linseed meal and oats. It would be hard to improve on the Jersey compound, having regard to the mechanical condition of the mixture, the nutritive ratio, and the aromatic effect. The following would have been an improvement for the Guernseys and Shorthorns : — Hay lbs. 12.00 X 30 days X 15 cows $10 00 $27 00 Ensilage " 5.00 " " 1 50 1 69 Cotton-seed Meal ..." 1.50 " " 26 00 8 77 Linseed Meal (.new proc.) " 3.00 " " 22 00 14 85 Bran " 6.00 " " 12 50 16 93 Oats " -t-OO " " 23 00 20 70 Corn Hearts . . . . " 5.00 " " 13 50 15 20 Middlings " 1.00 " " 13 00 2 92 Corn Meal " 1-00 " " 22 00 4 95 Carrots " 1-00 " " 8 00 1 75 $114 76 24 It will be observed that this ration is $3.52 higher that the Jersey. The object has been to improve the condition, increase the'nitrogerious constituents, and improve the scent and flavor by the addition of cotton-seed, linseed meal, oats, and carrots. Expressed in percentage composition, cotton-seed meal about 7 ; linseed meal, 14 ; bran 28 ; oats, 19 ; corn hearts, 23 ; middlings, 3 ; corn meal, 3 ; carrots, 3 per cent, equal 100 parts. THE SWEEPSTAKE COMPETITION. The special awards in this class were based on the work of the cows during the first fifteen days of each of the three tests — the fifteen-day cheese test the first fifteen days of the ninety-da}- test and the first fifteen days' work in the thirty-da}' butter test. Only cows which had done the four and a half consecutive months' work were eligible here ; and before the award could be won, each cow had to accomplish a solid four months' work. The awards were as follows : — (a.) The best cow in each breed competing: Jersey, "Merry Maiden"; Guernsey, "Sweet Ada"; Shorthorn, "Nora." (6.) The best cow in any breed competing : The Jersey, " Merry Maiden."' (c.) The best five cows in each breed competing : — Jerseys. Guernseys. Hhorthorns Merry Maiden, $30.16 Sweet Ada, $24.50 Nora, $23 76 Brown Bessie, 29.46 Materna, 24.02 Genevieve, 21.42 Ida Marigold, 27.45 Select 8th, 24.01 Betsey 7th, 20.73 Baroness Argyle, , 26.47 Amanda, 22.22 Bashful 2nd, 20.41 Hugo Countess, 25.92 Ethics of Cornwall, 21.27 Waterloo Daisy, 19.06 (d.) The best five cows in any breed competing : The five (5) Jer- seys last named above. (e.) The best breed competing : The Jersey. Here, again, the question may be asked : Could not " Sweet Ada" and " Materna " have had fourth and fifth places in the best five of any breed in the sweepstakes, under a freer food ration? It now remains to show the best single day's work of three cows of each breed during the first fifteen days of the ninety-day test. Though these cut no figure in the awards, they will help you to compare phenomenal yields on your side with these animals, as they may be said to be the only phenomenal cows in the tests. From whichever 25 standpoint the two sets in the Channel Island breeds are viewed, they are marvels of dairy merit. " Brown Bessie " and " Merry Maiden " made over three lbs. of butter per day on some days during the ninety-day test, but inasmuch as no award was based on the yield for one or two days of any individual animal, or a herd, no official ac- count has been taken of extra heavy single days, except as integers in the addition column. Bkst Days during First Fifteen Days in Ninety-Day Test. Milk, Lbs. Fat, Lbs. Butter, Lbs. Jerseys — Brown Bessie Merry Maiden . . Ida Marigold ... . . G-nernseys — Materna ... Sweet Ada . . . . Select 8th Shorthorns — Nora Genevieve . . . . . WaterlQO.Daisy 43.9 2.19 2.63 40.5 2.15 2.58 45.3 1.99 2.39 41.8 1.84 2.21 40.2 1.97 2.37 40.9 2.00 2.40 48.3 1.88 2.25 52.3 1.78 2.14 47.4 1.42 1.70 'iqSiajVi. 0^C0W(MOOC^^MO(N'MC1WaimWC0-*M01iMc0'«WiM«DWM(?»lMr 2; o a u o u m O E-i Eh Bi hH to IB Hi 1-5 (" Eh =3 m ja •S 1.9 OS •jq«iaA\. nqSjajii Oh ■iqSrajVt 5 Ma •iqSjd^ ■;qS{9Ai. Ci ;• ; aooi- co - - o Oj - co 0> O Oi oo a> O » co ■• o> " oo ; o> N N COC^ M WCO" CI ' (M 3-< CQ-<:i'^gl-<3' CO* ^ <3qg . .. .- _ - .-"00 I o ^- - - - - , o iM - m- : r (NCO o o Si'SrS c3 ; o 538-5 • "3 -a » -o a Sgo J-WO (B^ Ot- rH _ OT Ol Cl Ol I gS-g-tl'l'S^ s.| as-3|| g I lis a to O ,S 2 « 6-d i-S ■^ CO • lO 3 O O lO O CO(M MCO (N ■* - - e-S'- . s-= ^ -_■--.-"-»——' ■- ' --»^»- ,«-0 ■+ *C l-H CO CO r^ ta'^ ^.^ ^' »*^ A- »_• w^ «- -J. <«tr w --' aiOOSOlCit-CVQOOCiCiOI^OiOOOSCIOOOOOJaOOlOOOSOOfflfflOiOOr -0:0)- CO 71 " s r^ ^ O as 3 S 0)00 ■< S " - g « S ^•S-s^ 5 B « «- «^ « " S? ^ § « s o « 2 CO Si CO CO CO -NO _ •~a) • • eooo OS .. -., ^- ., . n CO ; ; o! 00 oi o o) o o 1 -- _ . Oi CO «. . PH^F-l«SO-t 51 O 00 Ol r— I Oi 0> O ' '^ O lO >0 CO •( — lO to o iH a O OO O O t- a. aC!ooao«}a>o>t-ocis>030se»o»aicc ra o ■<# CO '« -^t I- ■n RELATIVE STANDING OF TWENTY-SIX COWS tha went through the entire time of tests Nos. 1, 2, and 3. The net earnings of the first fifteen days of the three tests, being the ba^is of the sweepstakes awards. 1 Net Profit in Name. 5fS i Dollars and Cents. 3^^ H ^A h . = a *3 CO '6 i i J o o^ "S CO „»• C3 ^ -a -^ Is S li J 1-:; ss TiiS H r) > > > Lily Garfield Mies Uenick 24th Fancy 15th Jeaoetie of Pittsford . Woodstock Mystery. Aggie 2d Campania 4th Belle of Trowbridge Eltruria lalo F Blo-som Woodstock Lady. . . . Kitty Clay 8th Average for Jerseys. Average for Shorthorns, J. SH. SH. J. J. SH. J. SH. J. J. SH. J. BH. 662.7 690.9 622.3 601.8 388.6 474.1 666.7 .362.6 483.4 466.S 335.3 398.1 296.8 479.6 430.2 37.488 26.085 23.078 29.973 26.223 23.211 28 127 19.148 24.137 26.251 14.55 23.027 16.289 27.746 20.394 14.996 10.44 9.23 11.989 10.493 9.286 11.25 7.662 9.656 10.099 5.825 9.209 6.512 11.10 8.16 1.066 1.038 .929 .936 .727 .866 1.037 .63 .743 .663 .90 .786 0.866 3.61 2.79 .9 1.216 2.296 .9 3.106 1.756 .946 3.24 .18 2.34 .96 16.9] : 14.989 12.96 13.826 12.435 12.445 14.042 11.455 12.309 11.912 9.696 10.182 9.415 12.96 11.825 5.697 4.019 3.576 6.14 3.782 4.17 5.286 3 946 5.09 4.716 3.794 4.728 4.024 4.92 3.921 1122 10.97 9 374 8 686 8.653 8.276 7.901 7.61 7.219 7.196 6.901 5.404 6.391 8.04 7.904 Few of these heifers were over two years old. And now the delicate and responsible task you invited me to take up in reviewing the dairy cow work of the two nations in their verv 29 highest areras of effort must come to a close. I have presented all the testimony I could command on either side, showing your strongest points. In the Chicago Higli Court of Appeal the most rigid and equitable of rules of procedure have been followed. Every material fact has been stated, and the evidence collected must go down in his- tory unquestioned. The judges must be those international jurors who read, observe, think, work among, and earn their daily brend with the co-operation of the good cows on both sides the ocean. The Verdict, as I understand it, according to all rules of procedure among lawyers and sportsmen, may be summarized as follows : — 1. According to the evidence set forth, the only complete work ever done to learn the relative business value of a cow was at tbe World's Fair, Chicago. 2. Inasmuch as net earnings is the only and absolute mode of de- termination, the Chicago work is incomparable. 3. In so far as phenomenal yields are concerned, we may accord the honor to your Shorthorn this year, and to the Black Poll of last year. It may also be true that you have a greater number of heavy dairy producing Shorthorns than we have. I think this is true. 4. Inasmuch as the largest yield can never be the same as the greatest earnings in net profit, the butter breeds on both sides of the water have shown themselves the superior animals. Nor have the winners always been the largest cows. o. It is also demonstrated beyond question that marked individ- uality is a most potent factor in all animal endeavor. 6. Inasmuch as continued increase in live weight has always been at the expense of dairy work, it must be allowed that the production of meat by dairy animals, at whatever price, is costly compared to the food value of a quart of milk of standard quality, or a pound of butter at a food cost of thirteen to fifteen cents. 7. The best dairymen on our side prefer the most economical ani- mal, and most good business-men east of Niagara Falls long since chose the Channel Island breeds, and their crosses, for profit. 5. The best cow is the poor man's cow. 9. The Chicago verdict harmonizes with the best business practice I know from Baltimore to Montreal, and from Niagara to Maine, for the last quarter of a century ; and from Niagara to the Missouri, and Chicago to New Orleans, the Channel Island cows, and their crosses, 30 have beeu asserting their superior business merit for nearly twenty years. Before I utter my last word, permit a suggestion. Your Associa- tion and the " Koyal " have had a unique career. We have nothing like either on this side. Both societies are supported entirely by members' subscriptions ; neither receives a shilling from the State. You have done a great and honorable work. You are rich in men of great public spirit. Among your ex-presidents and your active work- ing members there is public spirit enough to wish to surpass the Chicago work. Will you not organize a great test yourselves ? If our conlentioa with reference to the Channel Island cattle is wrong, and your own view of the superiority of j-our Shorthorn is correct, it - is worth something to have the doubt settled. You have accumulated facts enough in your fourteen years' experience to make you doubt your Shorthorn. A great public test of one hundred and fifty days — or a half-year's cow work on cheese, all products, and butter — at a cost of £2.5,000, would be a good investment for the British dairy in- terests. Why not try? You would have the advantage of us in providing rich green clover instead of the coarse stuff Chicago cows had for fodder. You could do the work on some spot near London ; begin in April and end in September ; then exhibit your cows at the Dairy Show in October decorated with the awards, and so raise the receipts from admissions. A huiidred thousand extra at- tendance ought to be easy in London, and would be £5,000 — a pretty good start towards the cost of the tests. Breeders would no doubt join forces as ours did, and the thing could be done. Why not do it, and let us have a new form of business rivalry, and a fresh taste of a farmer's sport of a flrst-class international interest? The British dairy farmer has an immense interest involved; if you can turn on new light, something may be done to aid him in solving the hard business problems he confronts every day. The truth will be a sunbeam of encouragement, and a beacon to renewed endeavor. The good dairyman is of no State or country ; we are as likely to find him in a lonely Swedish village as within iifty miles of London or Paris. He is just as numerous and as skilful in America as he is in Germany or Denmark. Our chief differences are our points of view, and local prejudices never enlighten, though they often obscure. The Chicao-o work has been called a dairy classic ; you have the power aud oppor- tunity to create a dairy encyclopaedia within the present century. I shall hope to see it done. APPENDIX. RULES FOR TESTING DAIRY CATTLE AT STATE FAIRS. Entries should state the age of the cow, her weight, the number of calves she has borne, the date of last calving, and the date of service, if bred. The Basis of Avtards should be as follows : — For every pound of solids, not fat, two points, equal to two cents per pound, or twenty-two cents per hundred for skim milk. For every pound of fat, thirty-two points, equal to two cents per ounce, or forty cents per pound of butter. For every twenty days from calving, one point. For every twenty days of gestation, dating from last service, one point. Two points for every pound of solids, not fat, is equal to twenty- two cents per hundred for an average quality of skim milk ; one cent per ounce of fat, by Babcock machine, equals twenty cents per pound of churned butter ; and every quarter cent extra for an ounce of fat equals five cents per pound on butter. How TO Apply It. Find the weight of milk by weighing ; then take the specific gravity of the milk at a temperature of sixty degrees with a Queveune lacto- meter. Test a sample of milk by the Babcock machine for fat, and calculate results as follows : — 32 pounds of milk ; 4.10 per cent fat ; 1.033 specific gravity. 32 Total solids = ^ specific gravity added to | of the fat, thus : Solids, not fat. Fat. S. G. 1.033 .5165 .32 .32 Fat 4.10 -s- 5 .802 9.08 4.10 Equals total solids, 13.185 256 32 Less fat, 4.10 2.88 128 9.08 2 905 1.312 = Solids not fat 32 pounds milk, 9.08 solids, not fat, 2.9 poundsJX 2, 5.80 32 pounds milk, 4.10 fat = 1.312 X 32 . . . 41.94 Days since calved, 60 ..... . 3.00 Gestation, 49 < 2.45 Total . 52.19 I— ( CQ O CO H H -"I u •o o COOOCO^IMt^Oi— ' 00 t^ I— 1 ■30 c; -^ !•- U5 €(& r-lr-. ,-( OOOOOOiCSO rH ^ ^ r-. rH o kC lO lO <» CO i-.b- CO ci oi oi w « OT (N « Pounds of Milk for One Ponnd of CheeBe. i 1 o ■s (S 1 O in iO O »C O lO »0 O (>i W lO N lO l>- t-. COOO^lM^lOOQO 05 t- »0 N O lO ' ■ 00 i-H 1-1 rH 1 o 1 Q00S00r-O>-;rH'«l; COOOiCDOSOiQi-l cocQw^iHcoioweo o a3QOt>COlO-^CC5^ &i CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 1 ■o 1 ^^»oooo^ftoeo t-«ooocooco 04 0-* OS C^OO t^t^ oT 00 »0 « ^^ CD t^ oT A* 1 ^.Q0 1-1 txi P3 W H O 125 ■< COCKN'-'NOCO-^ 0iOC0CDt-a0O« ^iC irs lO IC »0 CO CD SS^:3 2^°S=J 'NNOOOOWt^lOCS QOt-CDCDCOiOiO-* lONCOOOt-O^ OCOCOOOIO-* — 00 ^OOoaoioioioo NOSt-ONiOOCO rH^COOCOt'-OSI^- 10CCCO'-H1 >o rt t>j o. Pi H P< ri 3 o OJ 60 a b •c a +3 ^ M s o XI r1 o i-s .2 ^ o ^ Do You Use Cold Storage or Ice ? Would you not like to do away with the bother and slop of ice and regulate your temperature by a turn of the wrist ? It is cheapest to have your own plant nowadays. Let us know what you pay For Ice, Running Expenses of Plant, or Cold Storage Bills per year. We will give you a full report promptly. It won't cost you anything and may save you a good deal, of money. Write to THE WICKES REFRIGERATOR CO., 860 Broadway, N. Y. ERNEST F. WALTON, Manager. Ice and Mechanical Refrigeration, Wickes &. Westinghouse Systems. We give the smallest dairy boxes- and the largest Cold Storage houses the same careful attention. We have 10,000 Refrigerator Cars and over 3,000 Produce Rooms in daily use.