Is57 •i- CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY + Cornell University Library 157D2 E31 History of ttie counties of Dauphin and L 3 1924 028 852 675 olin Overs <;.^ 'M. XI Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028852675 ^^ •^ ^^ HISTORY OF THE OOXJNTIES OF DAUPHIN AND LEBANON IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA: BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. BY WILLIAM HENKY EGLE, M.D., M.A., AUTHOR OP " HISTORY OT PENNSYLVANIA." PHILADELPHIA: EVERTS & PECK. 188 3. [Copyright, 1883, "Wm. H. Eglb.] [The foregoing copyright includes not only the General and Local Histories, but the Family Genealogies and Biographical Sketches ; special protection being desired therein.] PRESS OF J. B. LIPPIBTCOTT & 00., PHILADELPHIA. PREFATORY. It is becoming and proper that the author should make a few statements prefatory to the following History of the Counties of Dauphin and Lebanon. It is no easy task to prepare history of any locality, and our labor in the preparation of this volume has not been a light one. We have endeavored to preserve as full a record of the history and biography of the counties of Dauphin and Lebanon as the limits of a volume will allow. Much has been omitted because more important facts have been recorded. A large mass of material has come to our hands, and the difficulty has been what to preserve in these pages, and what to lay aside for future reference. Owing to the voluminous details of the war for the Union, which has increased the size of the volume from eight hundred pages, as promised by the publishers, to over nine hundred pages, we are reluctantly compelled to omit the record of Dauphin County families. As to the biographical department, it will be found pretty full and complete. For whatever errors of omission or commission there may be in this direction, or in any of the local details, the author does not hold himself responsible — those who could have furnished the information are. Many communications or personal applications remain unanswered to this day. We have endeavored to be correct in detail as to names and dates in local matters, and yet we fear that through the fault of those whose duty it was to furnish such data there may be errors, and we therefore throw, the responsibility where it belongs. The names of early warrantees of land and all assessment-lists we have printed as in the original, and also the early township officers. The orthography is varied, it is true, but we did not feel authorized to correct any, since even to-day members of the same family write their names differently. In the records of the war for the Union we have faithfully endeavored to preserve all coming within our province, and hence have recjeived the aid of a number of soldiers of that war. There were instances where companies or parts of companies were raised or drafted within the counties, but officered by men from other localities ; we have failed to distinguish them. While many of the survivors are yet living, it would be well if the different posts of the Grand Army of the Kepublic would take immediate steps to preserve in permanent form records of all commands or portions of commands or individuals from the counties of Dauphin and Lebanon. They cannot better keep green the memory of their departed and valiant comrades. As previously stated, we have endeavored to prove faithful to the trust reposed in us. If others can be more so, they have the opportunity. We have been candid in our opinions, in our views of men and measures, and what we have said, have abundant authority therefor. Not desiring to appear in the r6le of an historical iconoclast, we have been compelled to give facts PKEFATOEY. even though they may have toppled over tradition and current history. We have not forced any opinion of our own without good and conclusive evidence. Had it not been for the great energy of the publishers of this volume, it is doubtful if so comprehensive a work would ever have seen the light of day. They have fulfilled their part of iixe agreement made with the public, and we regret that their encouragement and success was not .commensurate with that spirit of enterprise they have exhibited throughout the undertaking. Our thanks are due to many kind and appreciative friends who gave us every assistance in their power. To one especially must we make due acknowledgments — our friend and co-laborer A. Boyd Hamilton, — frequently making use of his information as if it was our own. WILLIAM H. EGLE. Hakkisbueq, July 24, 1883. HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF DAUPHIN IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA: BIOGEAPHIOAL AND GEI^EALOGIOAL. BY WILLIAM HENEY BG-LB, M.D., M.A. AUTDOK OF " HISTORY OP PENNSYLTANIA.'' Cte ^tmorg OP THIS KECOED OF THE HOME OF HIS ANOESTOES IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCKIBED. CONTENTS OF HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. CHAPTER I. PAGE The Aborigines — Susquehannas — Shawanese — CuBtoms and Char- acter— Stone Implements — 'William Penn's Account of the In- dians — Geographical Names 3 CHAPTER II. The Proprietary's Concessions — "Who were the Scotch-Irish ? — Their Letter to Governor Shute, of Massachusetts — Penn's Proposed Settlement on the Susquehanna 13 CHAPTER III. John Harris, the First White Settler— The Assessment-List of 1718 — Prices of Land, and Early Warrantees for Paxtang, Derry, Hanover, Londonderry, and Upper Paxtang Townships 19 CHAPTER IV. The French and Indian War — Petition of the Inhabitants for Pro- tection — Braddocli's Expedition — The Atrocities of the Savages — Correspondence of John Harris and others relating to the Frontiers 39 CHAPTER V. The French and Indian War (continued)— Treaty at Harris' Ferry ' — Fort Halifax — Fort McKee — Fort Manady— Fort at Harris' Ferry — Fort Hunter 45 CHAPTER VI. The French and Indian War (continued)— Second Treaty at Har- ris' Ferry — The Indian Barbarities — Lettera from Adam Reed — Journal of Eev. Charles Beatty in 1766— OfBcers and Men from Dauphin in the Provincial Service Bl CHAPTER VII. The French and Indian War (continued)— Gen. Forbes' Victory- Conspiracy of Pontiac 6' CHAPTER VIII. The French and Indian War (continued)— The so-called "Paxtang Boys' Insnrrection"— The Manor of Conestoga— The Conduct of the Provincial Assembly— The Perfidy of the Friendly Indians- Insecurity of the Frontiers from their Maraudings— Destruction of the Indians at Conestoga and Lancaster : 59 CHAPTER IX. The " Paxtang Boys' Insurrection" (continued)— Excitement in the Province— Characteristic Letter of Parson Elder— The Declaration of the Frontier Inhabitants 63 CHAPTER X. The " Paxtang Boys' Insurrection" (continued)— The Approach of the Delegates to Philadelphia— The Fears of the Qualcer Me- tropolis—The Conduct of the Quakers and Dr. Franklin— The Pamphleteers CHAPTER XI. The " Paxtang Boys' Insurrection" (continued)— Reward for Capt. Lazarus Stewart— His Eloquent Declaration— A Summary of the 69 Affair CHAPTER XII. The"Pi«tangBoys'InBurrection"(continued)— Appendix— Names of Indians Killed-Bad Character of the Indians-The Paxtang Boys—" The Apology of the Paxtang Volunteers"- Affidavits of the Pioneers- Pamphlets Priuted '2 CHAPTER XIII. PAGE The War for Independence — Resolves of Hanover — Resolves of Middletown — The Liberty Association of Londonderry — The Pennsylvania Articles of Association — Capt. Matthew Smith's Company of Paxtang 78 CHAPTER XIV. The War for Independence (continued) — Capt. John Biisban's Company — Capt. John Murray's Company — Capt. John Mar- shall's Company — Col. James Burd's Battalion, with Rolls of Capts. Cowden's, Sherer's, Murray's, Bell's, Manning's, Fridley's, Reed's, and Deibler's Companies Si CHAPTER XV. The War for Independence (continued) — Col. Timothy Green's Battalion — Rolls of Capts. Koppenheffer's, McQuown's, Brown's, Rogers', McCallen's, and Rutherford's Companies 91 CHAPTER XVI. The War for Independence (continued) — Names of Persons who took the Oath of Allegiance in Paxtang, Londonderry, and Han- over Townships — Assessments of Non-Associators, 1777 95 CHAPTER XVII. The War for Independence (continued) — Roll of Capt. John Mar- shall's Company — Indian Incursions — Abolition of Slavery — Register of Slaves — Rolls of Capts. McAllister's, Walker's, and Weaver's Companies — The Close of the War — Continental 102 CHAPTER XVIII. The Formation of the County of Dauphin — Remonstrances Against — Act for Erection of — The County in 1789 — Opposition to the Federal Constitution 109 CHAPTER XIX. Military Organization in 1786-1 790 — Union Canal— The Whiskey Insurrection; DeWees* Journal of — Scott's Description of Dau- phin County in 1805 114 CHAPTER XX. The War of 1812 — General OfBcers — Rollsof the Companies of Cap- tains Oarothers, Crain, Dietrick, Elder, Fetterhoff, Graham, Henry, Knight, McElhenny, Moorhead, Smith, Todd — Peace — Association of the Soldiers of the War of 1812 119 CHAPTER XXI. The Buckshot War — The Causes which Led to It — The Proclama- tion of the Governor — The Call to Arms — Proceedings in the * Legislature 130 CHAPTER XXII. The War with Mexico — Organization of the Cameron Guards — Their Services in Mexico — Who raised the first American Flag in the Citadel of the City of Mexico — Roll of the Cameron Guards 134 CHAPTER XXIII. The War for the Union — War Meeting at Harrisburg — Arbitrary Arrests — First Northern Invasion by the Army of Lee — The Get- tysburg Campaign — The Close of the Rebellion — The Assassina- tion of President Lincoln ^13 vii CONTENTS OF HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. CHAPTER XXIV. PAGE The War for the Union (continued) — Officers from Dauphin County in other Pennsylvania Regiments — Dauphin County in the Three Months' Service— The First, Second, Tenth, Fifteenth, and Jwenty-fifth Regiments 148 CHAPTER XXV. The War for the Union (continued) — The Reeervee and other Three-Tear Organizations: The Thirty-fifth, Forty-first, Forty- fourth, Forty-sixth, Fifty-fourth, and Fifty-fifth Regiments 154 CHAPTER XXVL The War for the Union (continued)— One Tear's Service: Sev- enty-seventh, Eighty-third, and One Hundred and First Regi- ment — Three Tears' Service: Eightieth, Eighty-fourth, Eighty- seventh, Ninety -second, and Ninety-sixth Regiments 172 CHAPTER XXVn. The War for the Union (continued)— One Hundred and First Regi- ment — Nine Months' Service : History of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh, or Dauphin County Regiment 201 CHAPTER XXVIII. The War for the Union (continued)— One Hundred and Sixty-third, One Hundred and Seventy-seventh, One Hundred and Seventh, One Hundred add Thirteenth, One Hundred and Thirtieth, and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiments 213 CHAPTER XXIX. The War for the Union (continued) — Two Hundredth, Two Hun- dred and First, Two Hundred and Fifth, Two Hundred and Eighth, and One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Regiments 227 CHAPTER XXX. The War for the Union (continued)— The Militia of 1862— First Regiment — Sixth Regiment — Independent Companies — Twenty- Sixth, Thirty-sixth, and Thirty-seventh Regiments 245 CHAPTER XXXI. The Early Courts— Where First Held— The Bar in 1789—The Court-Houses — The President Judges of the County — Reminis- cences of the Bar, and Roll of Members 259 Paxtang Township 286 CITY OF HARKISBURG. CHAPTER I. The Proprietary Grants— Manor of Paxtang— The Ferry Grant — The Harris Mansion — Proposals to lay out a Town — Conveyances to the Public by John Harris — Early Reminiscences of the Town — Louisburgh- " Pumpkin Flood"— Tax ables for 1787 291 CHAPTER 11. Harrishurginl7S7— In 1788— The Federal Seat of Government— Harrisburg erected into «. Borough— First Assessment of the Borough — Whiskey Insurrection — Address of the Burgesses to President Washington, and his Reply 298 CHAPTER III. Sickness at Harrisburg— Land is' Mill-Dam the Source of Trouble — Meeting of the Citizens — Efforts to Purchase — Removal of the Nuisance— Mill-Dam Taxes 302 CHAPTER IV. The Duke de Rochefoucauld at Harrisburg- Aggressions of the French Directory — Address of the Citizens of Harrisburg to President Adams, and his Reply— Cnming's Account of Harris- burg in 1807 — Erection of the Harrisburg Bridge 307 CHAPTER V. Removal of the Seat of Government to Harrisburg — Act estab- lishing the same — Laying of the Corner-stone of the Capitol — Occupation of the Capitol— Cost of Construction 312 CHAPTER VI. Harrisburg in 1818— Visit of Gen, Lafayette — Reception at the Capitol— Extension of Borough Limits in 1838— The Harrison Nominating Convention— "American Notes" 316 CHAPTER VII. Improving th'e Navigation of the Susquehanna — Steamboats there- on—Internal Improvement — ^Pack-horse Teams and Conestoga Wagons — The Pennsylvania Canal — Harrisburg and Lancaster Railroad— The Cumberland Valley— The Pennsylvania Railroad 319 CHAPTER VIII. Prosperity of Harrisburg— Additions— Incorporated as a City — Visit of the Prince of Wales— The War for the Union— The Rail- road Riots of 1877 : 322 CHAPTER IX. Water Supply : Early Efforts to Supply the Town with Water— The Water- Works of 1840— Shin plasters-Th e New Water- Works 326 CHAPTER X. Churches — Reformed— Lutheran — Presbyterian — Methodist Epis- copal — Protestant Episcopal — Roman Catholic — Baptist — Evan- gelical — Church of God — Wesley Union 329 CHAPTER XI. The Newspaper Press of Harrisburg, and of the County 349 CHAPTER XII. The Industries of Harrisburg — The Location of the City and its Great Natural and Acquired Advantages 355 CHAPTER XIII. The Fire Department — How they formerly extinguished Fires in Harrisburg— The First Fire Company — Friendship — Hope — Cit- izen — Washington — Mount Vernon — Paxton — Good Will — Mount Pleasant .„ 359 CHAPTER XIV. Early Educational Efforts— The Harrisburg Academy — The Lan- ^ casterian System- The Public Schools 365 CHAPTER XV. Banks and Banking Institutions— Public Buildings of the State- Charitable Institutions— Post-OfBces and Postmasters— Census Returns, etc '_ 3gg MiDDLETOWN BOROUGH 374. Lower Swataha Township gg^ SwATARA Township ggg Steelton Borough Ann Lower Paxtang Township ^Qg Susquehanna " ^yg ^•^^^^ " ."ZZZ^. 409 Hdmmelstown Borough Aia Londonderbt Township ; «„ oonewaoo " " .„! „ „ 421 Hanover " ^^^ South Hanover " •.. . ,„„ y^'" ' 429 f'' ; ^ 429 Halifax " " Borough ""'" ^^ Rush Township Jackson " Jefferson " Reed - Z"Z"Z ^^^ Wayne " '"""' ^"^ Upper Paxtang Township Millersburg Borough Middle Paxtang Township Lykens Vailet _ ^*^. Ltkens Township ; *^ Mifflin " ^^ WiCONISCO " *^^ Washington " ^^ Williams " ' ^^ Biographical History, I "*"' ^^^ " 11 ■" 461 558 ILLUSTRATIONS TO HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. AlrickB, Hamilton 55g American Tube ami Iron Compuny between 388, 389 Ayres, William 463 .Bailey, Charles L facing 680 Bethel Church, First , 348 ■Bsnt, L. S facing S6l Brubaker, George M , 562 Bucher, John facing 470 Burd, Coi. Jaraes, Residence of, 1764 393 Burke, Mioliael facing 472 Calder, James " 566 Calder, William " 473 Calder, William, Kesidence of the late " 320 Cameron, Simon " 564 Camp Curtiu Hospital 325 Carl, J. E 566 Chesapeake Nail-Works ami Central Iron-Works hetween 368, 359 Dauphinand Lebanon Counties, Outline Map of. 1 Derry Church, Old 413 Derry Church, Interior View .' 414 DeWitt. Williiim R 479 Dock, George facing 480 Dougherty, Philip " 481 Dull, A. J., Residence of " 312 Dunkel,J. A , 669 Durbin, Joseph W , 568 Elder, James facing 656 Etter, B. r 671 Fager, J. H : 487 Findlay, William 489 Pleming, I> facing 574 Fleming, James 491 Eorster, John 492 Fortenbaugb, Abraham 67:i Geary, John W 494 Haldeman, J. M facing 498 Hamilton, Hugh 600 Hanover Church 430 Harris Mansion, 1850 294 Harris' Log House, 1720 , 293 Harrisburg Car Manufacturing Company , facing 366 Harrisburg, Original Plat " 296 Harris, Robert 602 Hensel, J. M 576 Hildrup, William T facing 579 Hildrup.W. T., Residence of. " 408 Hoffman, William 578 Hursh, George R 679 ' Indian Relics facing 6 Indian Purchases, Map of. " 12 Jordan, Francis i... " 580 Kelker, Frederick 511 Kelker, R. F 682 Kepner, William H 513 Keystone Farm facing 609 Lancaster County, 1730, Map of. " Si PAGE Locust Grove Farm facing 607 Lutheran Church, First 333 Lutheran Church, Second 334 Lutheran Church, Third 336 Maclay, William, Residence of, 1791 366 Matheson, George facing 686 Matter, G. F 587 Methodist Episcopal Church, Grace 342 Miller, J. F 688 Miller, William H facing 621 Myers, H, K 589 Neagley, John 590 Oak Lane Farm between 608, 609 Old Court- House 261 Old Paxtang Chnrcli 394 Orth, E. L 624 Pearson, John J 691 Pennsylvania Steel-Works, General View facing 400 Bessemer JWill and Open Hearth Furnace " 403 Frog Department and Rail-Mill " 402 Interior Bessemer Mill : " 401 Superintendent's Residence between 404, 405 Pino Stri-et Presbyterian Church 339 Pine Street Church (Presbyterian) 340 Porter, D, R 527 PresViyterian Church, Market Square 338 Public School, Steelton 404 [tutherford, Abner 595 Rutherford, J. B 596 St. Patricli's Church 345 Schoiield, E. Lane 698 Shinplasters, 1838 facing 328 Shinplaster Harrisburg Bank 368 Shinplafiter Middletuwn Bank 387 Shoch, Samuel facing 597 Shunk, F. R 637 Simonton, A. G facing 538 Simonton, J. W " 699 Snodgrass, James 542 Snyder, J. D 600 State Capitol, the Frontispiece. Susquehanna Indiuus 4 Susquehanna Iron-Works facing 390 Susquehanna River in 1701 18 Thome, C. V 601 Thompson, A. F 602 Weir, James W '. facing 646 Wenrich, Francis 603 Wiestling, J. M facing 549 Wilhelm, Artemas, Residence of. between 898, 399 Winebrenner, John facing 551 Wolf, George 552 Wyeth, Francis facing 605 Wyeth, John " 554 Young, James " 606 3 ^.^. a "ft / i ~%. — -(-Mr >i y A GENERAL HISTORY. CHAPTER I. The Aborigines— Susquehannas—Shawanese — Customs and Oliai-acter— Stone Implements— William Penn's Account of the Indians— Geo- gntphical Names. We wish it was possible to give an accurate and lucid account of the first inhabitants of this locality. Unfortunately much — very much— of the history of the aborigines is made up from the details of unre- liable parties, and yet among the meagre data thus given, some few facts are gleaned which leave us not wholly in the dark. Tradition is the main source of supply, and we all know how little of that can be de- pended upon for verity. Fortunately t|ie members of the Society of Jesus, the banner of the cross in their hands, during the seventeenth century, pre- served not only a record of their own labors in the cause of their divine Master, but somewhat concern- ing the history of a race for whose spiritual salvation they braved death itself. From their Relations we glean a few facts important to us as to the earliest of the aborigines who lorded it over this section we now claim as our domain. Prior to 1600, but how long before is not known, the Susquehannas were seated upon the river of that name. By the Relations we find that they had pre- viously come into collision with the Mohawks, then the most eastern of the Iroquois, by which in a war ■ that lasted for ten years the former nearly exter- minated their enemy. According to Capt. John Smith, who explored the Chesapeake and its tribu- taries, the Susquehannas were then, in 1608, still at war with the tribe referred to. In 1633 they were at war with the Algonquin tribes on the Delaware, maintaining their supremacy by butchery. They were friendly to the Dutch, and when the Swedes arrived on the Delaware, in 1638, they renewed the friendly intercourse begun by the former. According to Hazard, they purchased lands of the ruling tribe, and thus secured their friendship. Southward, also, they carried the terror of their arms, and from 1634 to 1644 they waged war on the Yaomacoes, the Pis- cataways, and Patuxents, and were so troublesome that in 1642 Governor Calvert, by proclamation, de- clared them public enemies. When the Hurons, in Upper Canada, in 1647, be- gan to sink under the fearful blows dealt by the Five Nations, the Susquehannas sent an embassy to offer I them aid against the common enemy. Nor was the offer one of little value, for the Susquehannas could put into the field one thousand three hundred war- riors, trained to the use of fire-arms and European modes of war by three Swedish soldiers, whom they had obtained to instruct them. Before interposing, however, they began a negotiation, and sent an em- bassy to Onondaga to urge the cantons to peace. The Iroquois refused, and the Hurons, sunk in apathy, took no active steps to secure the aid of the friendly Susquehannas. That tribe, however, maintained its friendly intercourse with its European neighbors, and in 1652, Sawahegeh, and other sachems, in presence of a Swedish deputy, ceded to Maryland all the terri- tory from the Patuxent River to Palmer's Island, and from the Choptauk to the northeast branch north of Elk River. Four years later, the Iroquois, grown insolent by their success in almost annihilating their kindred tribes north and south of Lake Erie, provoked a war with the Susquehannas, plundering their hunters on Lake Ontario. During that year the smallpox, that terrible scourge of the aborigines, broke out in their town, sweeping off many, and seriously enfeebling the nation. War had now begun in earnest with the Five Nations, and though the Susquehannas had some of their people killed near their town, they in turn pressed the Cayugas so hard that some of them retreated across Lake Ontario to Canada. They also kept the Senecas in such alarm that they no longer ventured to carry their peltries to New York, except in caravans escorted by six hundred men, who even took a most circuitous route. A law of Maryland, passed May 1, 1661, au- thorized the Governor of that province to aid the Susquehannas. — Egle's History of Pennsylvania. Smarting under constant defeat, the Five Nations solicited French aid, but in April, 1663, the Western cantons raised an army of eight hundred men to in- vest and storm the fort of the Susquehannas. This fort was located about fifty miles from the mouth of the river. The enemy embarked on Lake Ontario, according to the French account, and then went over- land to the Susquehanna. On reaching the fort, however, they found it well defended on the river side, and on the land side with two bastions in Euro- pean style, with cannon mounted and connected by a double curtain of large trees. After some trifling skirmishes the Iroquois had recourse to stratagem. 3 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. They sent in a party of twenty-five men to treat of peace, and ask provisions to enable them to return. The Susquehannas admitted them, but immediately burned them all alive before the eyes of their coun- trymen. The force of the Iroquois consisted of one thousand six hundred warriors, while that of the Susquehannas only one hundred. On the retreat of the Iroquois, the Susquehannas pursued them with considerable slaughter. After this the war was carried on in small parties, and Susquehanna prisoners were from time to time SUSQIJfUiANNA IND1,4N. burned at Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Cayuga. In the fall of 1669, the Susquehannas, after defeating the Cayugas, offered peace, but the Oayugas put their ambassador and his nephew to death, after retaining him five or six months, — the Oneidas having taken nine Susquehannas, and sent some to Cayuga, with forty wampum belts to maintain the war. At this time the great war chief of the Susquehan- nas was one styled ITochitagete, or Barefoot, and raving women and crafty medicine men deluded the Iroquois with promises of his capture and execution at the stake, and a famous medicine man of Oneida appeared after death to order his body to be taken up and interred on the trail leading to the Susquehan- nas, as the only means of saving that canton from ruin. Towards the summer of 1672 a body of forty Cayugas descended the Susquehanna in canoes, and twenty Senecas went by land to attack the enemy in their fields ; but a band of sixty Andaste, or Susque- hanna boys, the oldest not over sixteen, attacked the Senecas and routed them, killing one brave and taking another. Flushed with victory, they pushed on to attack the Cayugas, and defeated them also, killing eight, and wounding with arrow, knife, and hatchet fifteen or sixteen more, losing, however, fifteen or sixteen of their gallant band. At this time the Susquehannas were so reduced by war and pesti- lence that they could muster only three hundred warriors. In 1675, according to the Relations Inedites and Golden, the tribe was completely overthrown, but unfortunately we have no details whatever as to the forces which eifected it or the time or manner of their utter defeat. The remnant, too proud to yield to those with whom they had long contended as equals, and by holding the land of their fathers by sufferance to acknowledge themselves subdued, yet too weak to withstand the victorious Iroquois, for- sook the river bearing their name, taking up a posi- tion on the western borders of Maryland, near the Piscataways. Shortly after they were accused of the murder of some settlers, apparently slain by the Senecas. They sent five of their chiefs to the Mary- land and Virginia troops, under Col. John Washing- ton, great-grandfather of Gen. George Washington, and Maj. Thomas Truman, who went out iu pursuit. Although coming as deputies, and showing the Bal- timore medal and certificate of friendship, these chiefs were cruelly put to death. The enraged Sus- quehannas then began a terrible border war, which was kept up until their utter destruction. When the founder of Pennsylvania came to this country there was not one of the Susquehannas dwelling in their ancient seat; all had disappeared. Some few vagabond families of the Iroquois re- mained, occupying the deserted towns of their con- quered and expelled enemies. These were the indi- viduals representing themselves as Conestogas, — not by blood, but simply by occupation, a fact to which we shall again refer. They were Cayugas and Senecas. Whether by persuasion we know not, but certainly by permission of the Iroquois came the Shawanese to Pennsylvania. Their origin was Southern. They probably belonged to the Algonquins, as they spoke the same language. From the most authentic infor- mation it appears that the basin of the Cumberland River was the residence of the Shawanese before the settlement of the Europeans on the continent, and that they connected the different sections of the Algonquin families. GENERAL HISTORY. At the treaty of 1683 the Shawanese were a party to that covenant, and they must have been considered a very prominent band from the fact of their having preserved the treaty in their own possession or keep- ing, as we are informed that at a conference held many years after, that nation produced this treaty on parchment to the Governor of the Province. It was the custom with the Indian tribes who made a joint treaty with the wliites to commit the preservation of the papers containing the treaty, etc., to such of the bands as were considered most to be trusted. From the best authority, it appears that as early as 1673 upwards of seventy families of that nation removed from the Oarolinas and occupied some of the deserted posts of the Susquehannas. Others of the tribe soon followed. In the year 1698, some Shawanese applied to the proprietary government of Pennsylvania for permis- sion to settle on the Conestoga and Pequea Creeks, under Opessah, their principal chief. Here they re- mained a quarter of a century, when, with other fam- ilies settled on the Swatara, Paxtang, and the Susque- hanna streams on the east, they branched off to the westward. As early as 1728 we find the Shawanese as far west as the Ohio, and by the middle of the eighteenth century the entire tribe had settled on the branches of that river. In the year 1732 the number of fighting braves of that nation in Pennsylvania amounted to seven hundred. The Shawanese, says Golden, were the most restless of all the Indian tribes. In 1745, he says, one tribe of them had gone to New Spain. This band of four hundred and fifty, who located themselves on the head-waters of the Mo- bile River, probably never returned to Pennsylvania. The latter were merely residents on the Susque- hanna by sufferance, not only of the whites, but the Five Nations of New York, and yet they became the most perfidious, and to them — their savage brutality, their fiendish atrocity — are we indebted for most all the bloody transactions of a later period. In complexion, our uncivilized predecessors were of tawny color, inclining to red, which, differing from the complexion of every other portion of the human family, seems peculiar to most, if not all, the aborig- ines. Their cheek-bones were high and prominent ; their eyes widely separated ; their noses usually broad, even when curved in outline ; and the ordinary cast of their features was coarse and often inexpressive. The men were generally tall, straight, well-propor- tioned, and hardly ever corpulent or in any manner deformed. The women were too apt to be short and clumsy ; their features were seldom delicate or hand- some; and what feminine graces they had were soon obliterated by hard bodily labor combined with mental and moral degradation. The beautiful Indian maiden was only a myth or the dream of the poet. The mode of life of the men, and perchance their natural consti- tution, gave them a power of enduring fatigue and privation such as no European could rival. When necessary they would hunt for days together while suffering from hunger, or perform long journeys through the forests with no other refreshment than a little parched corn and water. For subsistence, the Indian depended much less upon agriculture than upon either fishing or hunting. They confined themselves chiefly to the raising of beans, corn, and tobacco. The corn and beans were cultivated by women and children, the tobacco alone was thought worthy of the labor and attention of the men. The- women of an ordinary family would com- monly raise in a single season two or three heaps of corn, each containing twelve, fifteen, or twenty bushels. The corn was spread day after day in the sun, care- fully shielded from the rain or dew, and when in this way sufficiently prepared was buried in the earth, and thus preserved for the winter's subsistence. Hunting and fishing were perchance the chief de- pendence for food. The forests were filled with animals, some of them beasts of prey, others suitable for food, others valuable on account of their furs. Flocks of wild turkeys roamed through the woods, partridges and pheasants abounded, both in the woods and open country, and at certain times of the year the pigeons collected in such numbers that their flight seemed to obscure the light of the sun. The ponds, creeks, and rivers swarmed with water-fowl. The river Susquehanna was alive with fish, and every spring great numbers of shad, rock-fish, salmon, and perch ascended the stream, furnishing a seasonable supply to the natives when their provisions were exhausted by a long and severe winter. The clothing of the natives was composed of skins cured so as to be soft and pliable, and sometimes or- namented with paint and beads manufactured from shells. It may be stated in this connection that very little is known of the process used by the Indians to prepare bear- and deer-skins for shoes and clothing. Loskiel says, "Their shoes are of deer-skin, without heels, some being very neatly made by the women. Their skins are tanned with the brains of deer, which make them very soft; some leave the fur upon the skin, and such fur shoes are remarkably light and easy." The buffalo robes sold by our furriers as tanned by the Indians are softer than those that are tanned by civilized people. Occasionally the women decked themselves in mantles made of feathers over- lapping each other, as on the back of the fowl, and presenting an appearance of fantastic gayety which no doubt prodigiously delighted the wearers. Their dress consisted usually of two articles, a leather shirt, or under-garment, ornamented with fringe, and a skirt of the same material fastened around the waist with a belt and reaching nearly to the feet. Their hair they dressed in a thick, heavy plait, which fell down upon the neck ; and they sometimes ornamented their heads with bands of wampum or with a small cap. The men went bareheaded, with their hair fantas- tically trimmed each according to his own fancy. One HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. warrior would have it shaved on one side of the head and long on the other. Another might be seen with his scalp completely bare, except a strip two or three inches in width running from the forehead over to the nape of the neck. This was kept short, and so thoroughly stifiened with paint and bear's grease as to stand up straight, after the fashion of a cock's comb or the crest of a warrior's helmet. The legs were covered with leggins of dressed deer-skin, and the lower part of the body was protected by the breech-cloth, usually called by the early Settlers In- dian breeches. Moccasins, that is, light shoes of soft- dressed leather, were common to both sexes, and, like other portions of the attire, were many times taste- fully ornamented with embroidery of wampum. 'The men often dispensed with their leggins, especially in summer; while in winter they protected themselves against the bleak air by adding to their garments a mantle of skins. The male children ran about until they were ten or twelve years old in a state of nature : the girls were provided with an kpron, although of very economical dimensions. As to their houses and furniture, their food and its preparation, amuseriients, courtship and marriage, we shall not refer. There are certain peculiarities char- acteristic of the Indian which are interesting to dwell upon, but these must be left to another occasion. A few remarks, however, upon their moral life may ex- plain their future conduct towards the white settlers. The Indian of to-day, however, is a fair type of those savages who lived in our locality two centuries ago. We dislike to picture vice in all its horrid details, and so much that is inherent in the savage nature of the aborigine we shall refrain from referring. Although marriage was not always recognized among their rites, unfaithfulness was looked upon as a crime, and even death was frequently inflicted for this offense by the irate husband. Licentiousness was common, and the man who looked upon the way- wardness of his wife, visiting her with blows and wounds, may have been the most debauched creature in the tribe. No female ever ventured alone, for bestiality was the besetting sin of the race. U'n- cleanness was in all their manners. Impatient of bodily labor, and indisposed to thought, they natu- rally turned for pleasure to those coarse gratifications of the senses which were within reach. They were indolent when not strongly incited to exertion ; they were gluttonous when supplied with an abundance of food, and they became intemperate as soon as the means of intemperance were placed within their reach. They were revengeful by nature; custom had made vengeance with them a matter of duty and honor. They had little idea of truth ; they were natu- ral-born liars, and as a result were the meanest of robbers. As for murder and arson they had no com- punctions of conscience ; there were no refined feel- ings in their nature. Selfish in the extreme, they never realized what was ennobling. Their virtues, if they had any, were lost in the multitude of vices. Their ideas of religion were crude and indefinite. With the advent of the pious Moravian and faithful Jesuit, new conceptions of a divinity crept into their obtuse minds, but it is doubtful if they ever had or held the doctrines imparted to them of a Great Spirit, and the existence of the soul after death. Their sor- did and supremely selfish natures could not raise their thoughts so high, for had such been the case there would be some redeeming qualities in the moral life of the Indian. We shall close our account of the aborigines with such reference to the weapons of war and domestic im- plements employed by them as may be of value and in- terest. No field presents to the ethnologist a greater variety of material than that of the Susquehanna, and the illustrations herewith given and described were all found within the present limits of the county of Dauphin. The abundance of these relics of the Stone Age scattered upon the shores of the rivers, its islands, and for many miles inward, show unmistakable evi- dences of this section of country being in possession for many centuries of a powerful nation. The number of stone implements were far larger than many persons would suppose. Prior to the coming of the white man, with the exception of pot- tery and pipes, both made of clay, and vf ooden bowls made of the knots of trees, all articles for domestic use, ornament, and for war, were formed of stone. Some are quite ingenious, and with all the improved machinery of the present day, we doubt if as fine specimens of arrowheads could be produced as those in our possession made by Indian arrowhead-makers of the centuries ago. Hammer atones were possibly the first stone imple- ments. Arrowheads are the most abundant of all stone im- plements to be found in this section. Few fields there are whose upturned sod does not reveal arrow- heads either entire or fragmentary, and especially along the bottoms of the creeks are these specimens of the Indian arrow-maker to be found. They vary in size from one-half an inch to four inches in length, composed of quartz, flint, limestone, chalcedony, and other hard yet fragile minerals. Few are perfectly formed, being varied to suit ideas of the makers as to their form and shape. With the exception of two or three points on the first range of the Kittatinny Mountains, and among the bowlders along the Cone- wago, we have not been able to discover the work- shop of the arrow-maker. Limestone is abundant in the county, and jutted out everywhere, while the pebbles of the Susquehanna furnished red and yellow jasper, which seem to have been selected as much for their beauty as for their utility. The art of arrow- making had been reduced to a perfect system, and were shaped in accordance with the taste and fancy of the maker. As Professor Brunner aptly says, " It was as easy for them to chip a large arrowhead down t 1 i- ■4 *" r 1- *•; •45 '^f? 10 ^« *: fi ??* 14 11 12 I. Female Ornament. 2. Axe. 3. Pestle. 4. "Biscay Axe." 5. Chisel. 6. Hammer. 7. Earthen Jar.; 8. Last. 9. Paint Cup. 10. Quoit. I I. Spear. 12. Scraper. 16 13. Ornament. 14. Borer. 15. Sceptre. 16. Carved Head. [All stone implements except 4 and 7.] GENEKAL HISTORY. to a small one without breaking it as it is for a Cau- casian to whittle a stick down to a tooth-pick." As to their manufacture, the authority just quoted says, "The first step was to select a solid stone of uniform density, and by trial discover which way the stone chips. Flints do not chip equally well in all direc- tions. The second step is flaking or breaking large chips off a rock." The stone celt for chisel and ham-_ mer, it is true, bore a conspicuous part in the instru- ments used in forming the larger implements of war, agriculture, and those employed in the preparation of food, namely, mortars and pestles, and to a certain extent in shaping the arrowhead and articles above mentioned. Yet, says a good authority,' in the ex- amination of a collection of hundreds of chips and flakes, there was not found the first one bearing the marks of the celt upon the face or edge, showing that the application of instruments of bone and. wood, com- bined with friction, were the means by which they were dressed into shape. This method has been ex- perimented upon very successfiilly by Professor Brun- ner with a block of chalcedony and a hard, dry piece of hickory. '■' For the large and even middle-sized chipped implements the Indians must have tied a bone on a, heavy stick and used it as a lever, other- wise it is difficult to conceive how they could have obtained a sufiicient amount of pressure — direct physi- cal force would have been inadequate." To undertake to describe a collection of these points is not in our province, nor would it repay the reader. As previously stated, they were made of different de- signs, such as the fancy of the arrowhead-maker sug- gested. The heads were attached to the end of reed shafts or split hickory, about two feet in length, by means of a" cord, and sprung from a bow in such a manner that made them a most formidable instrument of warfare. They were used in the chase, and so ex- pert were the aborigines that it was rarely they missed their object. The arrowheads of larger size were at- tached to sticks and used for spearing fish. Loskiel says, " Little boys are even frequently seen wading in shallow brooks, shooting small fishes with their bows and arrows." Knives includes diverse forms, some of which be- come allied to the arrowheads produced by chipping, and thus used as a saving of labor and material. Upon a close comparison these may be readily distinguished from the arrowheads, the former being beveled on one side to form a sharp-cutting edge and point, while the latter, unfinished, is full in the centre and beveled both ways, both being flat on the lower side. The leaf- shaped knife presents the finest appearance, vary little in thickness, and are from two to five and six inches in length. Those found in this section are made of limestorie or slate, although quartzite and jasper are not uncommon. There is a much larger class found 1 Mr. r. 6. Gttlbraith, of Bainbridge, to whom the author is under ob- ligations for certain details. t along the banks of the Susquehanna and Swatara and adjoining fields which resemble in shape those just alluded to, and may be properly called bark-knives, and used no doubt in barking trees and making canoes, as a large percentage qf canoes were made of that material. They were also employed in " digging out" the knots used for bowls and buckets. It may also be stated that some of the knives were stemmed and fastened to a handle. They were frequently used for "sticking beasts" or stabbing. Line-Sinkers, or Pendants, are abundant on the islands in the Susquehanna, notably at the head of Conewago Falls, at Duncan's Island, mouth i of the Juniata, or farther up, at Olemson's Island, noted fishing-grounds, until the past fifty years. Some of the sinkers are made square, with rounded corners, well polished, having light notches on two edges in which to attach the cord. They are usually from one to three or four inches square, by one-fourth to five- eighthsof an inch thick, composed principally of lime- stone and slate, and others with deeper grooves in the common river pebble. The latter stone, with frag- ments of pot-stone vessels used for the same purpose, are generally perforated either in the end or one side. These sinkers were used in connection with long lines, to which the hooks were attached by shorter ones on the same principle of our present manner of out-line fishing, by being attached certain distances apart, and cast from the shore with heavier sinkers or anchor- stone at the outer end of the line, the whole being drawn back at certain intervals by the angler. That their fish-hgoks were made of bone we have no doubt, and in a collection of implements gathered and sent to England thirty years ago were two rude fish-hooks made of the bone of some animal. Borers or drills are generally lanceolate and very delicate, and it is surprising so many are found in so perfect a condition. The material of which they are made is usually limestone. It is astonishing with what neatness and accuracy these small and delicately- made perforators do the work, even in the hardest kind of stone. That they, too, were used by expe- rienced workers of stone, there is no doubt, as we have many instances where the slightest carelessness on the part of the mechanic would have spoiled the design, especially where they appear in scepters, as some of them present but an eighth of an inch of stone between the hole and the face of implements, which is one reason, no doubt, so many are found broken in use. The borers were fastened to a stick like arrowheads and whirled around with the hand, or a bow and string. The perforating no doubt com- pleted the specimen, no matter to what class it belonged, as there are specimens of every class of implements to be found in this section perfect in every respect ex- cept to the perforated part. These also appear in dif- ferent stages of completion, from a slight depression made by the point of the borer to a distance almost completing the work. 8 HISTOEY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Of all the implements none are equal in beauty of design and workmanship to the stone scepter, or drilled ceremonial implement, which are seldom found whole ; half scepters are frequently found. These are invariably broken through the eye, or perforated part of the stone, done most likely in use, as they are as a general thing delicately made. One of the finest we have seen is ovoid in shape, and truncate at base and top. The sides are beveled to form a very accurate edge ; the groove is through the long diameter of the implement, and shows concentric slight grooves made by the boring implement. One of the raised edges which rjins parallel with the groove is acute, the other truncate. The greatest length of this implement is four inches, and its greatest breadth three and a half inches; diameter of groove five-eighths of an inch. The material has not been determined. It was customary among all aboriginal tribes to re- cord the most memorable events by notches in wood or stone, designating the importance of it by the size of the notch, thus the record of victory by one deeper and more durable than those recording time and the less important events. These calendars are frequently met with, and often appear upon ornaments of bone, wood, and stOne, of which we have several in our collection. Their axes were generally made of a hard rock, such as diabase, sandstone, etc., by taking any frag- ment of rock obtained by striking one rock upon an- other, when after trimming it down to a desirable shape, ground down all the irregularities by some process of abrasion. This they could have done by rubbing the stone to be polished on a sandstone, or by using sand as abrasive material upon any hard stone. When it is considered how slow a process this must have been, some idea may be formed of the un- bounded patience it must have required to grind the larger axes into shape. The question is- often asked, says Professor Brun- ner, with a great deal of emphasis, how did the Indians cut wood with these axes? The Indian could not use his stone axe for the same purpose for which we use the steel axe. Loskiel says, "Their hatchets [or axes] were wedges made of hard stone, six or eight inches long, sharpened at the edge and fastened to a wooden handle. They were not used to fell trees, but only to peel them or to kill their ene- mies." The next question that arises is how did they fell their trees? Loskiel answers again, " Formerly, when they had no axes but those made of stone as above mentioned, they used to kindle a fire around large trees and burn them so long till they fell ; then by applying fire to difiFerent parts of the stem and branches, they divided them into smaller pieces for use.'' " Formerly they kindled a fire by turning or twisting a dry stick with great swiftness upon a dry board, using both hands." They kept their fires constantly burning in their wigwams. It is diflScult to imagine how happy the Indians must have been when they first obtained axes from the traders or set- tlers, with which they were enabled to manipulate their wood and erect their wigwams more expedi- tiously and satisfactorily. The axes were used also to girdle the trees and take off' the bark which they used to cover their huts. In making their canoes they would cover the sides of the log with ground or other material which was constantly kept wet, and would burn out the middle. The axes are supposed to have been employed to remove the charcoal in this operation. These are the purposes for which it is generally conceded that the stone axes were adapted, but the variety of their implements was compara- tively small, and they might have used their axes for various other objects. The size of the axes varied. The one from which our illustration was made is nearly eleven inches in length by three and a half inches in width, while others scarcely one-third the length have been preserved. The pestle was used in the grinding of corn, and are of varied lengths, the original of the one shown being about eighteen inches in length, formed of hard, un- crystallized rock, perfectly smooth and cylindrical, each end nicely tapering. Implements of this char- acter were not used especially for pounding in a mor- tar, but for rubbing soaked or green corn on a flat stone into a pulp, which was then moulded and baked in the ashes. Other pestles there were which were used for pounding, the blunt ends denoting this. The tomahawk of the aborigine was simply a small- sized axe finely polished, to which a handle was firmly tied, and carried by its owner in his belt. That implement, which we associate with the atrocity of the red man, was not a stone instrument but one of iron, secured from the trader or early settler in ex- change for skins. In this connection we must refer to the hatchets found in many localities frequented by the savages and known in the Indian trade as " Biscay Axes." They were of several sizes, the largest about eight inches long by three inches across the face, weighed about three pounds; the smaller, about six inches long by three inches across the face, weighed one and a half pounds. The largest size was the squaw axe, used in gathering firewood, the smaller was the tomahawk of the warrior, and carried ha- bitually when traveling or when on the war-path. In battle they were used at close quarters, and sur- prising stories are told of the accuracy with which they could be thrown at distances of several yards. In certain localities where Indian towns have been destroyed by fire great numbers are found. So plenty were they when the country was new, that the pio- neers who were fortunate enough to have a town site of this character on their farms had iron suflBcient to shoe their oxen and horses and to supply other neces- sary wants for several years. As latp as 1879 there were found no less than six in one farm scrap heap on the site of a Shawanese town along the Susque- hanna. They are genei^ally of the model shown in GENERAL HISTORY. 1) our engraving, and almost invariably have the three cross trade-marks on each side. Specimens of these there is good reason for believing have been buried two hundred years, somewhat corroded, but just as serviceable as when new. Many have not a particle of steel, and never had ; others are well steeled and finely tempered. So far as we are able to judge there was no difference in model or finish, whether fur- nished by the Dutch, English, or French traders. Henry Fleet, an English trader on the Potomac in 1632, met some Indians from the direction of Lake Erie, called Herechkeenes. He says, "There came from another place seven lusty men with strange attire ; they bad red fringe, and two of them had beaver coats, which they gave me. Their language was haughty, and they seemed to ask me what I did there, and demanded to see my truck, which upon view they scorned. They had two axes such as Capt. Kirk traded in Cannida, which he bought at Whits of Wapping, and there I bought mine, and think I had as good as he." Within the brief compass ot a local history it is im- possible to allude at length to all the implements used by the natives. They had mortars, barking tools, polishing-stones, scalping-knives, digging tools with- out numbers, and relics have been discovered the use of which is unknown. Bowls, pots, and kettles were as essential in the Indian household as in that of the white man. Before they purchased these from the traders or took them in payment for land they were obliged to make them in their own peculiar way. All crockery is fragile, and for this reason only small pieces of Indian earthenware can be found. The most notable collection is that in possession of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society at Wilkes- Barr6, and concerning which Dr. Harrison Wright has recently given a description. We have had pieces sufficient, if properly placed together at the time, to make a large pot holding two quarts of water. Por- tions of vessels made of soapstone are to be found, but we have never discovered or known of one entire to be found in this region. The Indians had their games, the principal of which was quoits, and we give an illustration of one secured on Duncan's Island. At one time these were quite numerous, but no notice being taken of them they seem to have disappeared altogether. They are cir- cular or of disc shape, with a cavity on the upper side for the thumb, the lower side round, and thus well fitted to the hand for throwing. Rock carvings, although to be found, are not nu- merous. On the western shore of the Susquehanna, opposite the city of Harrisburg, one-fourth of a mile below the Cumberland Valley Railroad bridge, there was, prior to the construction of the Northern Cen- tral railway, a cave opening to the river, on the walls of which we saw quite a number of rude figures, some- what like those on the sculptured rock in the Susque- hanna near Safe Harbor. It is to be regretted that some archaeologist had not discovered them ere the age of improvement completely obliterated the spot, and preserved to us a record thereof. About 1850, George Zimmerman, of Middletown, found in a bed of gravel on the east bank of the Sus- quehanna, below the mouth of Swatara Creek, a fine specimen of Indian carving. The material is brown slate, and represents a portion of the head and face of an Indian ; size, seven-eighths of an inch in di- ameter and half an inch thick at the ears, from which it tapers to the forehead and chin, somewhat in the shape of a half-moon, having high cheek bone re- semblance, with deep-set eyes and Roman nose ; in every particular a faithful type of the Indian coun- tenance. It is the work of a skillful artist, and in perfect state of preservation. One of the most interesting characteristics and study of the aborigines is that of ornamentation. Nothing was more sublime and elevating in the eyes of an aged savage whose lease of usefulness was about to expire than the sight of their warriors equipped and painted. This habit was indulged in in various ways by ornaments of stone, bone, shells, wood, feath- ers, and beads for the festivities of camp life, while no warrior was known to enter upon the chase, the war-path, or any important council of the tribe of which he was a member without first undergoing a process of ornamentation, in which the " war-paint" was applied to face, breast, and arms in such manner as to give them the most hideous appearance, red pre- dominating, which usually consisted of a mineral substance resembling ochre, pulverized and mixed with bear's oil in small mortars made for the purpose. The paint thus mixed was kept ready for use in little cup-shaped implements of stone, or in jars of pottery, illustrations of both of which are given. Ornaments of brown polished stone have been found in numerous places along the Susquehanna. Some of these are cone-shaped, round, flat, and oval, all pierced with holes, showing conclusively to us that they were worn around the neck on strings. One shown in our engraving, found at the mouth of Clark's Creek, is of peculiar shape, and worn by married women as evidence of fecundity. Slabs of stones or tablets, varying from two to three inches in width by four to six inches in length, and one-fourth inch in thickness, were also used. Some of these have ground edges, while others are scalloped. Upon them are curious designs consisting of straight and cross lines, oblique, round, and lines of triangular form. The representation of a saltier is not uncommon, as also on their pottery, which, we are satisfied, was simply an accidental resemblance, although it must be con- fessed that designs somewhat heraldic descended from one chief to another, an insignia not of royalty, but of family renown and valor, and why not? William Penn, in his letter to the Free Society of Traders in London, dated at " Philadelphiii, tlie 16th of the 6th month, called August, 1683," thu^ relers to 10 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. the natives. His estimate of their moral character in some respects differs widely from our own. His was made from a brief acquaintance of a few months, our own deduced from the general record of the race covering the intervening period since his day : " The natives I shall consider in their perBons, language, manners, re- ligion, and government, with my sense of their original. For their per- sons, tliey are generally tall, straight-, well-built, and of singular pro- portion ; they tread 'Strong and clever, and mostly walk with a lofty chin. Of complexion, black, but by design, as the Gypsies in England. They grease ttieniselves with bear's fat clarified, and using no defence against sun or weather, their skin must needs be swarthy. Their eye is little and black, not unlike a straight-looked- Jew. The thick lip and flat nose, so frequent with the East Indians and blacks^ are not common to them, for I have seen as comely £aropean-like faces among them, of both, as on your side the sea ; and truly an Italian complexion hath not much more of the white, and the noses of several of them have as much of the Roman. " Their language is lofty, yet narrow ; but, like the Hebrew^ in signi- fication full ; like short-hand, in writing, one word serveth in the place of three, and the rest are supplied by the understanding of the hearer ; imperfect in their tenses, wanting in their moods, participles, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections. I have made it my business to understand it, that I might not want an interprfeter on any occasion, and I must say that I know not a language spoken in Europe that hath words of more sweetness, or greatness in accent and emphasis than theirs; for instance, Octocockon, Ranoocas, Oricton, Shah, Marian, Poquesien; all which are names of places, and have grandeur in them. Of words of sweetness, ^nna, is mother; Issvmis,& brother; Nelcap, friend; Usque- oret, very good ; Pane^ bread ; Melsa, eat ; Malta, no ; Hatta, to have ; Payo, to come; Sfpassin, Passijon, the names of places ; Tamane, Seoane^ Menansi', Secatereue, are the names of persons ; if one asks them for any- thing they have not, they will answer, Mattane hatta; which to trans- Hate is, not I have, instead of I have not. '• Of their customs and manners there is much to be said ; I will be- gin with children ; so soon as they are horn they wash them in water ; and while vei'y young, and in cold weather to chnse,th0y plunge them in the rivers to harden and embolden them. Having wrapt them in a clout, they lay them on a straight, thin board, a little more tlian the length and breadth of the child, and swaddle it fa^t upon the board to make it straight; wherefore all Indians have flat heads ; and thus they carry t4iem at their hacks. The children will go, very young, at nine months commonly ; they wear only a small clout round their waist till they are hy-^ ; if boys, they go a flshing, till ripe for ihe woods; which is about fifteen ; then they hunt; and after having given some proofs of their manhood, by a good return of skins, they may marry; else it is a shame to think of a wife. The girls stay with their mothers, and help to hoe the ground, plant corn and carry burdens; and they do well to use them to that young, which they must do when they are old ; for the wives are the true servants of the husbands ; otherwise the men are very affectionate to them. "When the young women are fit for marriage, they wear something upon their heads, for an adyertisement, but so, as their faces are hardly to be seen, but when Ihey pleaao. The age, they marry at, if women, is about thirteen, and fourteen ; if men, seventeen and eighteen ; tliey are rarely elder. " Their houses are mats, or barks of trees, set on poles, in the fashion of an English barn, but out of the power of the winds; for they are hardly higher than a man ; they lie on reeds, or grass. In travel they lodge in the woods, about a great fire, with the mantle of duffils they wear by day wrapt about them, and a few boughs stuck around them. " Their diet is maize, or Indvxn corn, divers ways prepared : some- times roasted in the ashes; sometimes beaten and boiled with water ; which they call hoinine : they also make cakes, not unpleasant to eat. They have likewise several sorts of beans and pease, that are good nour- ishment; and the woods and rivers are their larder, "If an JEJiwqpean comes to see them, or calls for lodging at their house, or wigwam, they give him the best place and first cut. If they come to visit us, they salute us with an Itah; which is as much as to say. Good 6e to you, and set them down ; which is mostly on the ground, close to their heels, their legs upright ; it may be they speak not a word, but observe all passages. If you give them anything to eat, or drink, well, for they will not ask ; and be it little or much, if it be with kind- ness, they are well pleased, else they go away sullen, but say nothing. *' They are great concealers of their own resentments ; brought to it, I believe, by the revenge that hath been practised among them. In either of these they are not exceeded by the Italians. A tragical in- stance fell out since I came into the country : a king's daughter, think- ing herself slighted by her husband, in suffering another woman to lie down between them, rose up, went out, plucked a root out of the ground and ate it; upon which she immediately died ; and, for which, last week, he made an offering to her kindred, for atonement, and liberty of mar- riage ; as two others did to the kindred of their wives that died a natu- ral death. For, till widowers have done so, they must not marry again. Some of the young women are said to take undue liberty before mar- riage, for a portion ; but when married, chaste. When with child they know their husbands no more, till delivered; and during their month they touch no meat they eat hut with a slick, lest they should defile it; nor do their husbands frequent them till that time be expired. " But in liberality they excel ; nothing is too good for their friend ; give them a fine gun, coat, or other thing, it may pass twenty hands before it sticks : light of heart, strong affections, but soon spent. The most merry creatures that live, feast and dance perpetually ; they never have mucli, nor want much ; wealth circulateth like the[blood : all parts partake ; and though none shall want what another hath, yet exact ob- servers of property. Some kings have sold, others presented me with several parcels of land; the payor presents I made them were not hoarded by the particular owners; hut the neighboring kings and their clans being present when the goods were brought out, the partieschiefly concerned consulted what, and to whom, they should give them. To every king then, by the hands of a person for that work appointed, is a proportion sent, so sorted and folded, and with that gravity that is ad- mirable. Then that king subdivideth it in like manner among his dependants, they hardly leaving themselves an equal share with one of their subjects, and be it on such occasions aa festivals, or at their common meals, the kings distribute, and to themselves last. They care for little, because they want but little; and the reason is, a little contents them. In this they are sufficiently revenged on us; if they are ignorant of our pleasures, they are also free from our pains. They are not disquieted with bills of lading and exchange, nor perplexed with chancei-y suits and exchequer reckonings. We sweat and toil to live; their pleasurs feeds them ; I mean their hunting, fishing, and fowling, and this table is spread everywhere. They eat twice a day, morning and evening; their spats and table are the ground. Since the Europeans came into these parts they have grown great \oyerB oi strong liquors, rumespecially; and for it exchange the richest of their skins and furs. If they are heated with liquors, they are restless till they have enough to sleep; that is their cry, Some more and I will go to sleep ; but, when drunk, one of the most wretched spectacles in the world ! " In sickness, impatient to be cured, and for it give anything, especially for their children, to whom they are extremely natural. They drink at those times a teran, or decoction of some roots in spring water; and if they eat any fiesh, it must be of the female of any creature. If they die, they bury them with their apparel, be they man or woman, and the nearest of kin fling in something precious with them, as a token of their love. Their mourning is blacking of their faces, which they continue for a year. They are choice of the graves of their dead ; for, lest they should be lost by time, and fall to common use, they pick off the grass that grows upon them, and heap up the fallen earth with great care and exactness. *' These poor people are under a dark night in things relating to relig- ion; to be sure the tradition of it : yet they believe a God And immoy-talUy, without the help of metaphysics : for, they say. There is a Great King that m.ade. Ihem, who dwells in a, glorious country to the southward of tKem. ; and that the anuls of the good shall go thither, where they shall live again. Their worship consists of two parts, sacrifice ai)d eantico. Their sacrifice is their first fruits; the first and fattest buck they kill goeth to the fire, where he is all burnt, with a mournful ditty of him that performeth the cere- mony ; but with such marvellous fervency and la bor of body, that he will even sweat to a foam. The other part is their caniico, performed by round dances, sometimes words, sometimes songs, then shouts; two beino- in themiddle that begin; and, by singing and drumming on a hoard, direct the chorus.' Their postures in the dance are very antick and difl"ering but all keep measure. This is done with equal earnestness and labor but great appearance of joy. In the full, when the corn cometh in, they begin to feast one another. There have been two great festivals already to which all come that will. I was at one myself: their entertainment was a great seat by a spring, under some shady trees, and twenty bucks with hot cakes of new corn, both wheat and heans, which they make up in a square form, in the leaves of the stem, and bake them in the ashes- and after that they fall to dance. But they that go must carry a small present in their money ; it may be sixpence ; which is made of the hone GENEKAL HISTORY. 11 of a fish : the Hack is with them as gold; the white, silver; they call it all viamptim. "Their government is by Kings, which they call Sachama, and those by succeBsion, but always of the mother's side. For instance, the chil- dren of him who is now king will not succeed, bnt his brother by the mother, or the children of his sister, whose sons (and after them the chil- dren of her daugliters) will reign ; for no woman inherits. The reason they render fur this way of descent, is, that their issue may not be spurious. "Every King hath his Council; and that consists of all the old and wise men of his nation ; which, perhaps, is two hundred people. Noth- ing of moment is undertaken, be it war, peace, selling of land, or traf- fick, without advising with them: and, which is more, with the young men too. It is admirable to consider how powerful the Kings are, and yet how they move by the breath of their people. I have had occasion to be in council with them, upon treaties for land, and to adjust the terms of trade. The order is thus: The King sits in the middle of an half moon, and hath his council, the old and wise, on each hand ; be- hind them, or at a little distance, sit the younger fry, in the same t^gure. Having consulted and resolved their business, the King ordered one of them to speak to me; he stood up, came to me, and in the uame of his King saluted me; then took me by the hand, and told me, 'He was ordered by his King to speak to me ; and that now it was not he, but the King, tliat spoke ; because what he should say was the King's mind.' He first prayed me ' to excuse them, that they had not complied with me the last time, he feared there miglit be some fault in the Interpreter, being neither Indian nor English; besides, it was the Indian custom to deliberate, and take up much tiuie iu council before they resolve; and that if the young people and owners of the land had been as ready as he, I had not met with so much delay.' Having thus introduced his matter, he fell to the bounds of the land they had agreed to dispose of, and tjae price ; which now is little and dear ; that which would have bought twenty miles, not buying now two. During the time that this person spoke, not a man of them was observed to whisper or smile ; the old, grave ; the young, reverent, in their deportment. They speak little, but fervently, and with elegance. I have never seen more natural sagacity, considering them witliout the help (I was going to say the spoil) of traditiou ; and he will deserve the name of wise that outwitsl them in any treaty, about a thing they understand. When the purchase ■was agreed, great promises passed between us, 'of kindness and good ueighborhood, and that the India7is and English must live in love as long as the sun gave light ;' which done, anothe'r made a speech to the Indi- ans in the name of all the Sachamakers, or Kings ; first to tell them what was done ; next, to charge and command them ' to love the Christians, and particularly live in peace with me, and the people under my gov- ernment; that many Governors had been in the river; but that no Gov- ernor had come himself to live and stay here before; and having now such an one, that had treated them well, they should never do him or his any wrong,' — at every sentence of which tliey shouted and said Amen, in tlieir way. "The justice they have is pecuniary: In case of any wrong or evil act, be it murder itself, they atone by feasts, and presents of their wampum; which is proportioned to the quality of the ofTonce, or person injured, or of the sex they are of. For, in case they kill a woman, they pay double ; and the reason they render, is, ' thafslie breedeth children ; which men cannot do.' It is rare that they fall out, if sober; and, if drunk, they forgive it, saying, 'It was the drink, and not the man, that abused them.' " We have agreed that, in all differences between us, sic of each side shall end the matter. Do not abuse them, but let them have justice, a,nd you win them. The worst is, that they are the worse for the Chris- Hans; who have propagated their vices, and yieliled them tradition for ill, and not for good things. But as low an ebb as these people are at, and as inglorious as their own condition looks, the Christians have not outlived their sight, with all their pretensions to an higher manifestation. What good, thSn, might not a good people graft where there is so dis- tinct a knowledge left between good and evil ? I beseech God to incline the hearts of all that come into these parts to outlive the knowledge of the natives, by a fixed obedience to their greater knowledge of the will of God ; for it were miserable, indeed, for us to fall under the just censure of the poor Indian conscience, while we make profession of things so far transcending. "For their original, I am ready to believe them of the Jewish race; I mean of the stock of the ten tribes ; and that, for the following reasons : First they were to go to a ' land not planted, nor known;' which, to bo sure Asia and Africa were, if not Europe; and he that intended that extraordinary judgment upon them, might make the passage not un- easy to them, as it is not impossible in itself, from the eastermOBt parts of Asia to the westermost of America. In the next place; I find them of the like countenance, and their children of so lively resemblance, that a man would think himself in Buke's Place, or Berry Street, in Lon- don, when he seeth them. But this is not all ; they agree in rites ; tliey reckon by moons ; they offer their Jirst fruits ; they have a kind of feast of tabernacles ; they are said to lay their altar upon twelve stones ; their mouminy a year ; customs of women, with many other things that do not now occur." Within the limits of our county are a number of Indian geographical names, which necessitate some allusion as to their meaning and derivation. All names derived from the language of the natives have undergone many changes in orthography.^ At first, every one spelled them to suit himself. The English, Irish, German, French, Dutch, and so on, had each their peculiar way of representing the Indian sounds. This gave rise to many variations. The dialectical differences in the Indian tongue greatly increased these variations. The ignorance and carelessness of many men in the proper use, of letters in their own language and of the sound in other languages in- creased these variations still further. Hence we find such a diversity of orthography that sometimes it takes an experienced person to recognize some of the forms. At length these words, by common usage, have come to a settled orthography. This usage often de- stroyed or mutilated the original word. This process of Anglicising Indian words generally consulted ease of speech, and seldom correctness of original sounds. Most of them, right or wrong, are now established. A very few still remain unsettled. One difficulty with Indian names along the Sus- quehanna Eiver is that the region was inhabited by tribes of both the Huron-Iroquois and Algonquin stocks of Indians ; and each of these families had tribes on its banks, whose dialectical variations were so great that they hardly understood each other a word. This was the case with the Shawanese and Delawares, though both Algonquins. One safe rule may be adopted, viz., all names requiring the use of the lipa in pronunciation did not originate from any of the tribes of the Huron-Iroquois family. The regions of the lower Susquehanna having been overrun by so many Indian races and subdivisions of races, we may naturally look for remains of all these diversely speaking tribes in the geographical vestiges that have come down to us. It is this that makes in- vestigation so very difficult. To get at the meaning of a term we must first know the language or Indian nationality to which it belonged. To do this would involve a knowledge of several Indian tongues and many more almost equally difficult dialectical vari- ations. It is an interesting fact, also, that many of the names given by the incoming tribe were translations 1 We are indebted to Professor A. L. Suss for much concerning the In- dian geographical names of this locality, to which subject he has devoted considerable research. 12 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. into their own tongue of the same names employed by the tribe that preceded them. Many terms used by the Delawares were only translations of Susque- hanna or Iroquois terms previously used. Even the English on their advent often translated these names into the corresponding English terms. This is apt to be the case in all such cases as Fishing, Beaver, and Stony Creeks. The historical idea remains, clinging as with hooks of steel, even when given the new translated sound. The only one in the old days that did posterity a great service in preserving the meaning of the In- dian geographical names was the Moravian mission- ary, Heckewelder. He lived long among the Dela- wares, and was quite familiar with their language and the dialect of the sub-tribes. He has given us his opinion on many of these names, and he is in gen- eral, of course, good authority ; but even he, in some cases, must be received with great caution. He was a great admirer of the Delawares, and had strong prejudices against the Iroquois, which often warped his judgment. In his love for the Delawares he made all the names emanate from them that he possibly could. He made some undoubted Iroquois or Andas- tic words appear with far-fetched ideas of Delaware origin. We receive his statements with caution when they tend to disparage the Iroquois and extol the Delawares. Notwithstanding this we must acknowl- edge him as having rendered a most valuable service in rescuing the origin of many words from oblivion. We come now to notice the word Susquehanna. Our first knowledge of it is from the History of Vir- ginia, by Capt. John Smith, published in London in 1629. He describes his exploration of the Chesa- peake Bay, at the head of which he found four rivers. He went up the largest one as far as his barge could pass for rocks. Here he awaited the arrival of some Sasquesahanoughs, for whom he had sent a couple of interpreters. The interpreters were of the people called Toohwoghs, one interpreted from Powhatten language to Tockwogh and Sasquesahanough. The chief town was " two days' journey higher than our barge could pass for rocks." They numbered "near six hundred able men, and are palisadoed in their towns to defend them from the Massawomekes, their mortal enemies." " Three or four days we expected their return, then sixty of those giant-like people came down." Five of the chiefs came aboard and crossed over the bay. Smith took a picture of one of them, the calf of whose leg was twenty-seven inches in circumference. They had five other towns be- longing to their nation beside Sasqv£sahanough, the second Quadroque, about twenty miles farther up, be- yond which there are two branches, on the western one is Uichowig, and on the eastern one Tesinigh. Which branch is the main river cannot be told from the map. By the scale these towns would be about sixty miles from the bay. On a western branch, en- tering the river below Sasquesahanough, is Attaoek, seemingly sixteen miles from it. Smith drew this map from the representations of the Indians. The scale would place the first town only about twenty- one miles above the mouth of the river. But we know he was not very accurate, for he says he could not go two miles up the river for the falls, yet we know the first rocks at the head of tide are four miles, and the mark on his map of the distance penetrated along the river by the scale is some twelve miles, or more than half the distance from the bay to Sasquesa- hanough, to which it took the interpreters two days to travel. It is probable that at this time the chief town was at the Conestoga, Columbia, or even as high as Marietta, that Attaocb was about York, Quadroque at Middletown, Tesinigh at Lebanon, and Uichowig about Harrisburg. The sixth town, Cepawig, was on the heads of the Patapsco, probably Westminster, Md. Capt. Smith did not get the name Susquesahanoughs from those Indians themselves. He does not tell us what they called themselves. He got his name for them from a tribe called Tockwoghs who numbered only one hundred men, and were probably of the Nanticoke family. The first part, Sasquesa, meant Falls; the second part, Hanough, is the Algonquin hanne, meaning stream. As applied to these people by their neighbors, it signifies very expressively the people of the Falls River. Through time the word was gradually changed to Sasquehannock, and finally to Susquehanna. It is possible that Sasquesa was part of the name by which these people called themselves, and that they appended to it the Mohawk word Haga, for people or nation, as in the case of Onojutta-Haga. At all events Smith and his party well understood its meaning, for they translated it, as appears from the account given by his companion, who says, "The Sas- quehanock's River we called Smith's Falles." It is an interesting fact, that the Sasquesa is the same word that still lingers in the creek, Slcca^a-rongo, Sicasa- lungo, Ohickasa-lungo, Chiquesa-lungo, now contracted into Chickies aud Chiques, and applied to the stream entering the river above Columbia and below Mari- etta, on which there once was an Indian town of that name, and it strongly suggests that this may even have been- the very location of Smith's chief town Sas- quesahanough. The latter part of the word still re- mains in such names as Rappahannock, Loyalhanna, etc. In the " new map of Virginia and Maryland and improved pans of Pennsylvania," by John Lenex in 1719, revised in 1721, in atlas form, and printed in London, we have on the east side of the Susquehanna, from Maryland up, these towns marked, Canoona- wengh (latitude 40° 5'), Unondomeras, Ceskoe, Ocqiian- dery, and Skawaghkaha. The latter is no doubt our modern Swatara. The map extends to latitude 40° 30'. The river forks at 40° 25'. The right branch is called Onestega. On the left branch (Juniata?) at 40° 12' is Kahetnoge. These are evidently Iroquois terms. The author says the natives are so much di- GENEEAL HISTOEY. 13 miniahed by civil wars that they have not over five hundred men, mostly on the eastern shore and em- ployed by the English to hunt deer. "Atlas Noveam," by Covens & Mortier, Amsterdam (no date), Lon- don, 1733, on back, gives No. 69 part of a large Popple, has on the Susquehanna River, from Mary- land up, Conestogo, Indian Fort, Sicasarongo, Cone- waga, Swahadowri, Ganadaguhet, Enwaga-Aratum- quat, Chemegaide, Conahago, Codocoraren, Sionassi, and Seawondaona (Towanda). " De Annville's Amer- ique Septentrionale" (French atlas), smaller map, 1746, gives from Maryland up, Indian Fort, Shaha- dowri, Chemegaide, Canahoga, Juragen, Codocoraren, Sionassa, Juragen, Seawondaona. It is said William Penn made two visits to the Sus- quehanna River, and was up as far as the Swatara Creek, and contemplated founding a city somewhere on the river. His last visit was in the spring of 1701, and it is believed the towns on the Popple map were all inhabited about this time and later. They diifer from those given in the Colonial Records, probably be- cause the French map-makers got their names from the Iroquois, who often gave their own names rather than that of the residents. The Swahadowri will be recognized as Swatara; Ganadaguhet as Conedoguinet, and Chemegaide, we think, should be Cheniegaide, and means the Juniata. We have found the word spelled Sogneijadie, Chuch- niada, Choniata, Chinniotta, Joniady, Scokoonidy, and many other ways. The root of the word is the Iroquois term Oneija or Onia, meaning a stone. The first part, now written with aj, is only a breathing of some of the Iroquois dialects, which the English often designated by letters such as the above, but which the French seldom expressed, as, for example, the French made the Iroquois call the Governor of Canada "On- nontio," while the English mostly wrote it " Yonnon- dio." The Onojutta-Haga, or Juniata nation, were the people of the Standing Stone. There can be no doubt but that Indian towns were located on Duncan's Island, at the mouth of that river, at the different epochs in Indian history. Rev. David Brainerd visited the " pagans" on " Juneauta Island" in September of 1745. It may also have been the site of Atra'kouaer in 1654. In the purchase of lands from the Iroquois in 1,736, it is said that it was to extend westward as far as the mountains called in the Delaware language Kekiach- tarin, and in the Six Nation language, Tyannunta- sachta, both of which words it is stated mean The Endless Hilts. In the deed of 1749 the mountains are again referred to, and the names spelled Keckachtany and Tyanuntasachta. In the deed of 1754 the Iroquois term is omitted, and the Delaware word is spelled Kittochtinny. While scholars seem to regard this as the proper orthography, the word has been corrupted into Kittatinny. The name shows the Delaware, or Leni Lenape idea of our geography, when they termed them the Endless Hills. In the deed of 1754 they are already termed the Blue Mountains, a common name to this day. In the early days the settlers in the Cumberland Valley called that portion adjoining them the North Mountain ; and the one on the other side of the valley South Mountain. So we have Kit- tochtinny, Blue, and North, all meaning the same chain. The Indian name alone should be used ; any mountain may be blue at a distance, and any one is north of some place. So we write it Kittochtinny. Mahantango is corrupted from Mohantanga, sig- nifying where we had plenty of meat to eat. WiCONisco is corrupted from Wihenhnisheu, signi- fying a wet and muddy camp. Probably some Indians encamped along the creek where the bank was wet and muddy. SWATAKA is written in old deeds Esutara and Svm- taro ; in Susquehanna, Swahadowry, corrupted from Schaha-dawa, i.e., where we fed on eels. CoNEWAGO or Conewaugha, in Iroquois, means at the place of the rapids. From this fact there are sev- eral streams emptying into the Susquehanna so named. Manada, or Monody's, is corrupted from Menatey, signifying an island. Stony Ceeek. In Delaware it is Sinne-hanne, or Achsin-hanne, i.e», stony stream. Fishing Ceeek in Delaware is Namees-hanne, i.e., fish stream. There are six or seven streams of this name in Pennsylvania. Paxtang is a Delaware word, and is Pechstank, or Peshtanh, signifying where the waters stand, — the place of dead water, whether in a stream, or pool, or lake. We use the term Paxtang, and not Paxton, which is an English surname, and should never be employed. It is not correct. Beavee Ceeek in Delaware is Sangamochke, i.e., little beaver stream. Raccoon Ceeek iu Delaware is Nachenum-hanne, i.e., raccoon stream. • CHAPTER II. The Proprietary's Concessions — Wlio were tlie Scotch-Irish ? — Their Let- ter to Governor Shute, of Massachusetts — Penn's Proposed Settlement on the Susquehanna. DiscovEEY was soon followed by the advent of the whites in America, drawn thither at the first by search for gold, and then for colonization. As it is entirely out of place to treat of the early history of America, or even of Pennsylvania, save when some allusion to either may be deemed necessary, we shall proceed to give an account of the settlement of the pioneers on the Susquehanna within the limits of our own county domain. The Founder of Pennsylvania is certainly deserving of grateful remembrance for his efforts to settle his Province, to protect the pioneers, and to foster their industry. He was a remarkable 14 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. man in many respects, and his " Frame of Govern- ment" is a model, unequaled by the laws of any of the colonies or provinces. Not that alone, but the "concessions" agreed upon in England for the en- couragement of emigrants to his Province, is an im- portant factor in that great movement which so ma- terially assisted in building up this Western Empire, and gave to the world the great State " founded in peace." The ^^ Certain Conditions or Concessions agreed upon by William Fenn, Proprietary and Governor of the Province of Pennsylvaniaj and those the Adventurers and Purchasers in the same Province the eleventh of July^ one thousand six hundred and eighiy-onej^ are as fol- lows : "I. That so soon as it pleaeeth God that the abovesaid persons arrive there, a certain quantity of land, or ground plat, shall be laid out, for a large town or city, in the most convenient place, upon the river, for health and navigation ; and every purchaser and adventurer shall, by lot, have so much land therein as will answer to the proportion, which lie hath bought, or taken up, upon rent : but it is to be noted, that the surveyors shall consider what roads or higli-ways will be necessary to the cities, towns, or through the lands. Great roads from city to city not to contain less than /or/i/ feet, in breadth, shall be first laid out and declared to be for high- ways, before the dividend of acres be laid out for the purchaser, and the like observation to be had for the streets in the towns and cities, that there may be convenient roads and streets pre- served, not to be encroached upon by any planter or builder, that none may build irregularly to the damage of another. In thiSf custom governs. "II. That the land in the town be laid out together after the propor- tion of ten thousand acres of the whole country, that is, two Jiundred acres. If the place will bear it : however, that the proportion be by lot, and en- tire, 80 as those that desire to be together, especially those that are, by the catalogue, laid together may be so laid together both in the town and country. "III. That, when the country lots are laid out, every purchaser, from one thouBondf to ten thousand acres, or more, not to have above one thou- sand acres together, unless in three years they plant a family upon every thousand acres; but that all such as purchase together, lie together; and, if as many as comply with this condition, that the whole be laid out together. "lY. That, where any number of purchasers, more or less, whose number of acres amounts to jive or ten thousand acres, desire to sit to- gether in a lot or township, they shall have their lot, or township, cast together, in such places as have convenient harbours, or navigable rivers attending it, if such can be found; and in case any one or more pur- chasers plant not according to agreemeiit, in this concession, to the prejudice of others of the same township, upon complaint thereof made to the Governor, or his Deputy, with assistance, they may award (if they see cause) that the complaining purchaser may, paying the survey money, and purchase money, and interest thereof, be entitled, enrolled and lawfully invested, in the lands so not seated. *' V. That the proportion of lands that shall be laid out in the first great town or city, for every purchaser, shall be after the proportion of ten acres for every ^we hundred acres purchased, if the place will allow it. " VI. That notwithstanding there be no mention made in the several deeds made to the purchasers; yet the said William Penn Ao^q accord and declare that all rivers, rivulets, woods and underwoods, waters, wat^coursea, quarries, mines, and minerals (except mines royal) shall be freely and fully enjoyed, and wholly by the purchasers into whose lot they fall. " VII. That, for every fifty acres that shall be allotted to a servant at the end of his service, h is quit-rent shall be two shillings per annum, and the master or owner of the servant, when he shall take up the other fifty acresy his quit-rent shall he four shillings by the year, or, if the mas- ter of the servant (by reason in the indentures he is bo obliged to do) allot out to the servant fifty acres in his own division, the said master shall have, on demand, allotted him, from the Governor, thoo7ie hundred acres, at the chief rent of six shillings per annum. "VIII. And, for the encouragement of such as are ingenious and willing to search out gold and silver mines in this province, it is hereby agreed that they have liberty to bore and dig in any man's property fully paying the damage done ; and in case a discovery should be made, that the discoverer have one-fifth^ the owner of the soil (if not the dis- coverer) a tenth part, the Governor two-fifths, and the rest to the public treasury, saving to the king the share reserved by patent. '* IX. In evei-y hundred thousand acres, the Governor and Proprietary by lot, reserveth ten to himself, what shall lie but in one place. "X. That every man shall be bound to plant or man so much of his share of land as shall be set out and surveyed within three years after it is so set out and surveyed, or else it shall be lawful fornew comers to be settled thereupon, paying to them their survey money, and they go up higher for their shares. "XL There shall be no buying and selling, be it with an Indian, or one among another, of any goods to be exported, but what shall be per- formed in public market, when such places shall be set apart or erected, where they shall pass the public stamp or mark. If bad ware and prized as good, or deceitful in proportion or weight, to forfeit the value, as if good and full weight and proportion, to the public treasury of this province, whether it be the merchandize of the Indian or that of the planters. "XII. And forasmuch as it is usual with the planters to overreach the poor natives of the country in trade, by goods not being good of the kind or debased with mixtures, with which they are sensibly aggrieved, it is agreed whatever is sold to the Indians, in consideration of their furs, shall be sold in the market-place, and there suffer the test whether good or bad ; if good, to pass ; if not good, not to be sold for good, that the natives may not be abused nor provoked. "XIII. That no man shall, by any ways or means, in word or deed, affront or wrong any Indian, but he shall incur the same penalty of the law as if he had committed it against his fellow-planter, and if any In- dian shall abuse, in word or deed, any planter of this Provinc, that he shall not be his own judge upon the Indian, but he shall make his com- plaint to the Governor of the Province, or his Lieutenant or Deputy, or some inferior Magistrate near him, who shall to the utmost of his power take care with the king of the said Indian, that all reasonable satisfacr tion be made to the said injured planter. " XIY. That all differences between the planters and the natives shall also be ended by twelve men, that is, by six planters and six natives ; that BO we may live friendly together as much as in us lieth, preventing all occasions of heart-burnings and mischief. " XV. That the 2ndians shall have liberty to do all things relating to improvement of their ground, and providing sustenance for their fami- lies that any of the planters shall enjoy. "XVI. That the laws as to slanders, drunkenness, swearing, cu'rsing, pride in apparel, trespasses, distresses, replevins, weights and mea^iures, shall be the same as in England till altered by law iu this province. "XVII. That all shall mark their hogs, sheep, and other cattle, and what are not marked within three months after it is in their possession, be it young or old, it shall be forfeited to the Governor, that so people may be compelled to avoid, the occasions of much strife between plant- ers. " XVIII. That, in clearing the ground, care be taken to leave one acre of trees for every five acres cleared, especially to preserve oak and ,raul- berries for silk and shipping. " XIX. That all shipmasters shall give an account of their countries, names, ships, owners, freights, and passengers, to au officer to be ap- pointed for that purpose, which shall be registered within two days after their arrival, and if they shall refuse so to do, that then none presume to trade with them, upon forfeiture thereof; and that such mastera be looked upon as having an evil intention to the province, "XX. That no person leave the province without publication being made thereof in the market-place three weeks before, and a certificate from some Justice of the Peace, of his clearness with his neighbors and those ho dealt with, so far as such an assurance can be attained and given ; and if any master of a ship shall, contrary hereunto, receive and carry away any person that hath not given that public notice, the said master shall be liable to all debts owing by tho said person, ho secretly transported from the province. " Lastly. That these are to be added to or corrected by and with the consent of the parties hereunto subscnbed." The inducements offered by Penn to settlers were not confined to right of soil or voice in government, but religious toleration was guaranteed by him. The law of religious liberty, as framed by him and passed by the first Assembly at Chester, 10th December, 1682, is as follows : GENERAL HISTORY. 15 " Chapter 1. Almighty God being only Lord of conscience, Fatlier of Lights and Spirita, and the author as well as object of all Bivine Knowl- edge, faith and worship, who only can enlighten the mind and persuade and convince the understandings of people; In due reverence to His sovereignty over the souls of mankind ; "Be it enacted^ That no person, now or at any time hereafter, living in this Province, who shall confess and acknowledge one Almighty God to be the Creator, upholder, and Kuler of the world, aud who professes ■him or herself obliged in conscience to live peaceably and quietly under the civil government, shall, in any case be molested or prejudiced for his or her conscientious persuasion or practice. Nor shall he or she, at any time, be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place or ministry whatever, contrary to his or her mind, but shall freely and fully enjoy his or her Christian liberty in that respect, without any interruption or reflection. And if any person shall abuse or deride any other for his or her different persuasion and practice in matters of relig- ion, such person shall be looked upon as a disturber of the peace, and be punished accordingly. " But to the end that looseness, irreligion, and atheism may not creep in under pretense of conscience in this Province; Be it further enacted^ dc, That, according to the example of the primitive Christians, and for the ease of the creation, every first day of the week, called the Lord's Day, people shall abstain from their usual and common toil and labor, that whether masters, parents, children, or servants, they may the better dispose themselves to read the Scriptures of truth, at home, or frequent such meetings of religious worship abroad as may best suit their respec- tive persuasions." And thus Pennsylvania became the refuge and home of people of all creeds or religious beliefs. The foregoing was one of the first laws of the Prov- ince, and during the lifetime of the Founder the liberty of conscience was not questioned. At a later day, however, his religious adherents would have throttled toleration had they not feared revolution.i Elsewhere we give an account of the German emi- gration which preceded by several decades that to which we shall now refer,^the coming of the Scotch- Irish. And who were the Scotch-Irish ? At the first used as a term of reproach, to us it has become a synonym of enterprise, intelligence, patriotism, aud religious fervor, and it is proper that in this connec- tion we present a few points in the history of that persevering and undaunted race. It was during the reign of good Queen Bess — the proud Elizabeth of all England — that through treason, tyranny, and rebellion, the Province of Ulster, es- pecially the counties of Downe, Londonderry, and Antrim, Ireland, was reduced to the lowest extreme of poverty and wretchedness, while its moral and religious state was scarcely less deplorable. Soon after the accession of James I., O'Neill, the Earl of Tyrone, aud O'Donnell, the Earl of Tyrcon- nel, were falsely accused of having arranged a plot against the government. An accusation being at those times tantamount to a conviction, compelled those thus arraigned to fly the country, leaving their extensive estates (about five hundred thousand acres) at the mercy of the king, who at once confiscated them. A subsequent supposed threatened insurrec- tion, promptly suppressed, gave occasion for another large forfeiture, and nearly six entire counties in the Province of Ulster were sequestrated and subjected to the disposal of the crown. Any country passing through such an ordeal of turbulence could not be otherwise than almost depopulated, with resources wasted and the cultivation of the soil in a great measure abandoned. And such was the true condi- tion of Ulster. To repeople the country it was de- termined to invite the settlement of Protestants from England and Scotland, and hence liberal offers of land were made for colonists to occupy this wide and va- cant country, the better to preserve order, to establish more firmly the British rule, and to secure loyalty. The project was eagerly embraced, companies were formed, and individuals without organization were tempted to partake of the advantageous offers of the govern- ment. A London company— among the first to enter upon the new acquisition — established itself at Derry, and gave such character to the place as to cause it to be known and called the city of Londonderry. The principal emigration, however, was from Scot- land. Its coast is within twenty miles of the county of Antrim, Ir^Jand, and across this strait fiowed from the northeast a large population, distinguished for thrift, industry, and endurance, and bringing with them their Presbyterianism and rigid adherence to the Westminster standards. This was the first Prot- estant population that was introduced into Ireland, and the Presbyterians of Scotland who thus furnished the largest element have maintained their ascendency to the present day against all the persevering efforts of the government church. The Province of Ulster, in consequence of this in- flux of population, greatly revived and continued for some years to advance in prosperity. In time the throne of England was controlled by bigotry and despotism. Persecutions of an oppressive nature began in Ulster in 1661, and every expedient was tried to break down the attachment of the people to the faith of their fathers; yet, as is ever the case, persecution only attached the people the stronger to Presbyterianism. From Ireland the tide of persecution rolled to Scot- land. The latter Stuarts, — Charles II. and James II., — blind to the dictates of justice and humanity, pur- sued a system of measures best calculated to wean from their support their Presbyterian subjects who were bound to them by national prejudice and had been most devoted to their kingly cause, and to whose assistance Charles II. owed his restoration to the throne. Sir James Grahame, better known as Claver- house, was sent to Scotland with his dragoons upon the mistaken mission of compelling the Presbyte- rians to conform in their religious worship to that of the establishment; and from 1670 until the accession of William and Mary the Covenanters of Scotland worshiped in hidden places and at the peril of their lives. The attempt of the Stuarts to destroy the religious system so universally established and so dearly cher- ished by that devoted people was steadily pursued by persecution as cruel and as savage as any which has disgraced the annals of religious bigotry aiid crime. Many were treacherously and ruthlessly butchered, 16 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. and the ministers were prohibited, under severe pen- alties, from preaching, baptizing, or ministering in any way to their flocks. There are some matters connected with these per- secutions which may not be uninteresting. From 1660 to 1688 no less than eighteen thousand Scotch Presbyterians were put to death in various ways in defense of the solemn league and covenant and Christ's headship over the Church. In looking over the list of names one is forcibly struck with the fact that among them are the very surnames of the Scotch- Irish emigrants to this section of Pennsylvania, — Al- lison, Stewart, Gray, Thompson, Murray, Robinson, Rutherford, McCormick, Mitchell, Kerr, Todd, Beatty, Johnston, Hamilton, Finley, McCord, McEwen, Hall, Boyd, Clark, Sloan, Elder, Forster, -^ontgomery, Robertson, and others. It would thus ?eem that we have here the lineal descendants of tho^e who loved not their lives unto the death, but were drowned, hanged, shot, beheaded, and their headfe stuck upon poles, their bodies chopped in pieces and scattered about, in the days of that human mopster, Claver- house. Through their blood shed in defense of re- ligious liberty we enjoy many and great privileges. Worn out with the unequal contest, these persistent and enduring Presbyterians took refuge from perse- cution — abandoned the land of their birth — and sought an asylum among their countrymen who had preceded them in the secure retreats of Ulster, and thither they escaped as best they could, some crossing the narrow sea in open boats. They carried their household gods with them, and their religious pecu- liarities became more dear in their land of exile for the dangers and sorrows through which they had borne them. This is the race which furnished the population in the north of Ireland, familiarly known as the Scotch- Irish. This term — American in its origin, and un- known in Ireland — does not denote an admixture of the Scotch and Irish races. The one did not inter- marry with the other. The Scotch were principally Saxon in blood and Presbyterian in religion ; the native Irish Celtic in blood and Roman Catholic in religion ; and these were elements which could not very readily coalesce. Hence the races are as distinct in Ireland at the present day as when the Scotch first took up their abode in that island. They were called Scotch-Irish simply from the circumstance that they were the descendants of Scots who had taken up their residence in the North of Ireland. Taxation and oppression, however, with diflBculties partly political, partly religious, no doubt were the strong motives which one hundred and seventy years ago induced the Scotch-Irish to leave Ireland. It was not the home of their ancestors, it was endeared to them by no traditions, and they sought and ob- tained in the wilds of Pennsylvania a better home than they had in the Old World. The emigration began prior to 1718, although few in number, and in illustration of the commencement of Scotch-Irish settlement in America, we give herewith the " memorial to Governor Shute, of Massachusetts, from residents in the north of Ireland." The memo- rial is important to us, from the fa-ct that the great majority of the signers subsequently found homes in Paxtang, Hanover, and D^rry. " To His Excellency^ the Bight Honorable Collonel Samuel SkiUe, Govemotir . of New England, " We, whose names are underwritteD, Inhabitants of ye North of Ire- land, Doe in our own names, and in the names of many others our Neigh- bours, Gentlemen, Ministers, Farmers, and Tradesmen, Commissionate and appoint oilr trusty and w:ell-beloved Friend, the Reverend Mr. Wil- liam Boyd, of Macasky, to His Excellency the Right Honorable Collonel Samuel Suitte, Governour of New England, and to assure His Excellency of our sincere and hearty Inclination to Transport ourselves to that very excellent and renowned Plantation, upon our obtaining from His Excel- lency suitable encouragement ; and, further, to act and Doe in our names as his Prudence shall direct. Given under our hands this 26th day of March, Anno Dom. 1718. "James Teatte, V.D.M. Thomas Cobham, V.D.M. Robert Houston, V.D.M. Robert Higinbotham, V.D.M. William Leech, V.D.M. John Porter, V.D.M. Hen. Neille, V.D.M. Tho. Elder, V.D.M. James Thomson, V.D.M. William Kerr. Will. McAlben. Yahou Andrson. * George Groge. Andrew Dean. Al-exander Dunlop, M.A. Arch. McCook, M.A. Alexr. Blair. B. Cochran. William Gait. Peter Thompson. Richard McLaughlin. John Mnar. William Jameson. William Agnew. Jeremiah Thompson. John Mitchell. James Paterson. George Curry. David Willson. Patrick Anderson. John Gray. Jamfes Gregg. Alexr. McBride, Bart. Sam. McGivorn. John Hurdock. Geo. Campbell. James Sharawood. John McLaughlin. George McLaughlin. James Henry. Thomas Ramsey. Francis Ritchie. Robert Boyd, Hugh Tarbel. Job n Black. John Thompson. Samuel Boyd. Lawrence McLaughlin. John Heslet. George McAlester. Thomas Ramadge. James Campbell. David Lindsay. Robt Giveen. •Tames Laidlay. Benjn. Gait. Daniel Todd. Robert Barr. Hugh Holmes. Robert King. John Black. Peter Christy. James Smith. Patrich Sniith. Samuel Ceverell. James Craig. David Tarbel. John Robb. Gawin Irwin. Teatter Fulton. Robert Wear. Alex. Donaldson. Robert Stiven. Robt. Henry, James Petty. David Bigger. David Patteson. John Wright. Josfeph Wight. Robt. Willson. James Ball. Andrew Cud. James Nesmith. John Lament. Patrick Orr. Bonill Orr. William OVr. John Orr. Samuel Wilson Robert Miller. Thomas Wilson. William Wilson. James Brice. Arch. Du glass. Mirian Pattison. James Thompson. John Thompson. Robert Thompson Adam Thompson. Alex. Pattison. Thomas Dunlop. John Willson. David Willson. John Moor. James McKeen. John Smith. M.A. GENEKAL HISTORY. 17 James Actoa. Samuel Smith. Andrew Dodge. Jamea Forsaith. James Lemey. John Leslie. John Lason. John Calwell. Samuel Watt. James Crawford. David Henderson. David "Wilborn. Luke Watt; Mathew Storah (?). Robert Hendre. William Wallace. Thomas Wallace. Thomas Grouch. William Boyd. William Christy. John Boyd. William Boyd. Hugh OiT. Kohert Johnston. Thomas Black. Peter Murray. Andrew Fleming. George Thomson. James Brouster. James Baverlan. Peter Simpson. Thomas McLaughlin. Robert Boyd. Andrew Agnew. James King. Thomas Elder. Daniel Johnston. Robert Walker. David Johnston. James Stewart. John Murray. Thomas Blackwell. Thomas Wilson. John Ross. William Johnson. John King. Andrew Curry. Samuel Code. John Jameson. John Cochran. Samuel Ouston. Thomas Shadey. William Kerr. Thomas Moore. Andrew Watson. John Thomson. James McKerrall. Hugh Stockman. Andrew Cochran. James Carkley. Lawrence Dod. - Sanders Mear. John Jackson. James Curry. James Elder. Adam Ditkoy. Thomas Lowie. John Buyers. Robert Smith. Adam Dean. James Black. Thomas Grow. Thomas Ouaton. James Grow. John Clark. Thomas McFaden. David Hanson. 2 Richard Acton. James Claire. Jeremiah Claire. Jacob Clark. Abram Baberly. Stephen Murdock. Robert Murdock. John Murdock. William Jemison. James Rodgers. Alex. Kid. Thomas Hines. Will, Halkins. Randal Alexander. George Anton, Thomas Boyd. Hugh Rogers. John Craig. William Boyle. Benj. Boyle, Ja. Kennedy. M. Stirling. Samuel Ross. John Ramsay. John McKeen. James Willson. Robert McKeen. John Boyd. Andrew Dunlop. James Ramsey. William Park. John Blair. James Thompson. Lawrence McLaughlin. Will. Campbell. James Bankhead. Andrew Patrick. John Galbraith. Wm. Laird. John Gray. John Woodman (?). Andrew Watson. Wm. Blair. Joseph Blair. Hugh Blair. William Blair. Samuel Anton. James Knox. Robert Hendry. John Knox. William Hendry. ' William Duncan. David Duncan. John Murry. James Gillmor. Samuel Gillmor. Alex. Cochran. Ed. McKene. John Mordah. James McFee. James Johnson. George Anton. James Anton. George Kairy. Thos. Freeland. Thomas Hunter. Daniel McKerrell. Hugh Kenedy. John Sweney. Robert Lamond. Robert Knox. William Wilson. Mr. Paterson. James Alexander. James Nesmith. David Craig. Will. McNeall. Thos. Orr. Wm. Caldwell, James Moore, jr. Samuel Gunion. Samuel McMuir. Henry Calwell. Thomas McLaughlen. Robert Hopg. John Millar. Hugh Caldwell. William Boyd. John Stirling. Samuel Smith. John Lamond. Samuel Young. Alex. Richey, James Morrison. Joseph Beverlan. Robert Craig. John Thompson. Hugh Thompson, James Still. James Hoge. Thomas Hanson. John Hanson. Richard Etone. Matthew Lord. . Alex. McGregore. Alex. McNeall, Joseph Watson. Robert Miller. John Smiley. James Morrison. James Walker. Robert W;alker. Wm, Caldwell. William Walker. Samuel Hunter. Robert Knox. James Trotter. Robert Rov. James Etone. Thomas Etone. Samuel Hanson. James Cochran. James Hilton. Thomas Haseltone. John Cochran. William Cochran. John Hunter." Extensive emigrations from the northern counties of Ireland were principally made at two distinct periods of time. The first from about the year 1717 to the middle of th^e century, the second from about 1771 to 1773. They were Protestants, generally Presbyterians, — few or none of the Roman Catholic Irish came until after the war of the Revolution, and few then until after the great political upheaval in 1798, since which period, as we all know, the flow of the latter class of immigrants has been continuous. The Scotch-Irish emigrants landed principally at ' New Castle and Philadelphia, save a handful who had settled on the Kennebec in Maine, and of these the greater portion eventually came into Pennsylvania. Settling on the frontiers from Easton to the Susque- hanna, and the Potomac, the stream of immigration continued south to Virginia and the Carolinas. The country north of the Swatara had not been visited save by French Indians prior to the coming of William Penn. After his first visit he seems to have been well informed concerning this locality and per- sonally visited it, and at or above the mouth of the Swatara decided to locate a city, and the following proposals were issued therefor in 1690. It is easily understood why the project was never carried out. The careful reader of Pennsylvania history will read- ily comprehend the peculiar conditions surround- ing the founder. His government of his Province was giving him serious concern. The material com- posing his Assembly was of that stubborn, self-willed character that little could be done, and he had as much as he could do in the preservation and fostering of those enterprises he had already begun. Never- theless, as a document of more than local interest, it is herewith given : '* Some Proposals for a second Settlement in the Province of Pennsylvania. "Whereas, I did, about nine years past, propound the selling of sev- eral parts or shares of land, upon that side of the Province of Pennsyl- vania next Delaware river, and setting out of a place upon it for the IS HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. building of a city, l)y the name of Philadelphia ; and that divers persons closed with those proposals, who, by their ingenuity, industry and charge, have advanced that city, from a wood, to a good forwardness of building (there being above one thousand houses finished in it), and that the several plantations and towns begun upon the land, bought by those first undertakers, are also in a prosperous way of improvement and in- Hargement (insomuch as last year ten sail of ships were fraighted there, with the growth of the Province, for Barhadoes, Jamaica, &c., besides "w^hat came directly for this kingdom.) It is now my purpose to make laaother settlement, upon the river of Susquehannagh,that runs into the Bay of Chesapeake, and bears about fifty miles west from the river Del- aware, as appeai-s by the Common Maps of the English Dominion in America. There I design to lay out a plan for the building of another City, in the most convenient place for communication with the former plantations on the East; which by land, is as good as done already, a way being laid out between the two rivers very exactly and conven- iently, at least three years ago; and which will not be hard to do by water, by the benefit of the river Scoulkill ; for a Branch of that river lies near a Branch that runs into Susquehannagh River, and is the Common Course of the Indians with their Skins and Furr's into our Parts, and to the Provinces of East and West Jersey, and New York, from the West and North west parts of the continent from whence they bring them. " And I do also intend that every one who shall be a Purchaser in this proposed settlement, shall have a proportionable Lot in the said City to build a House or Honses upon; which Town-Ground, and the Shares of Land thai shall be bought of nie, shall be delivered clear of all Indian Pretentions; for it has been my way from the first, to purchase their title from them, and so 3ettle with their consent. " The Shares I dispose of, contain each, Three Thousand Acres for £100, and for greater or lesser quantities after that rate: The acre of that Province is according to the Statute of the 33d of Edw, I, And no acknowledgement or Quit Bent shall be paid by the Purchasers till five years after a settlement be made upon their Lands, and that only according to the quantity of acres so taken up and seated, and not otherwise; and only then to pay but one shilling for every hundred acres for ever. And further I do promise to agree Vith every Purchaser that shall be willing to treat with me between this and next spring, upon all such reasonable conditions as shall be thought necessary for their ac- commodation, intending, if God please, to return with what speed I can, and my family with me, in order to our future Residence. " To conclude, that which particularly recommends this Settlement, is the known goodness of the soyll and scituation of the Land, which is high and not mountainous; also the Pleasantness, and Large- ness of the River being clear and not rapid, and broader than the Thames at London bridge, many miles above the Place intended for this Settlement; and runs (as we are told by the Indians) quite through the ■Province, into which many fair rivers empty themselves. The sorts of Timber that grow there are chiefly oak, ash, chesnut, walnut, cedar, and poplar. The native Fruits are papaws, grapes, mulberry's, chesnuts, and several sorts of walnuts. There are likewise great quantities of Deer, and especially Elks, which are much bigger than our Red Deer, and use that River in Herds. And .Fish there is of divers sorts, and very large and good, and in great plenty. " But that which recommends both this Settlement in particular, and the Province in general, is a late Pattent obtained by divers Eminent Lords and Gentlemen for that Land that lies north of Pennsylvania up to the 46tli Degree and an half, because their Traffick and Intercourse will be chiefly through Pennsylvania, which lies between that Province and the Sea. We have also the comfort of being the Center of all the English colonies upon the Continent of America, as they lie from the North East parts of New England to the most Southerly parts of Caro- lina, being above 1000 miles upon the Coast " If any Persons please to apply themselves to me by letter in relation to this affair, they may direct them to Robert Ness, Scrivener in Lumber street in London for Philip Ford, and suitable answers will be returned by the first opportunity. There are also Instructions printed for infor- mation of such as intend to go, or send servants, or families thither which way they may proceed with most ease and advantage, both here and there, in reference to Passage, Goods, Utensils, Building, Husbandry Stock, Subsistence, TraflBck, &c. being the effect of their expence and experiance that have seen the Fruit of their Labours. "Wm. Penn." The foregoing was "printed and sold by Andrew Bowie, at the crooked Billet in Halloway Lane, Shore Ditch, 1690," and freely distributed in England, and possibly on the Continent, although "foreigners" were not desired for the towns ; they were needed to till the soil, while the peaceful Quaker was the mer- chant and dealer. As remarked before, the Indian trade prior to 1700 was in the hands of French traders, who seemed to have found their way from Canada to the valley of the Susquehanna. The Bezalions, Michael and Peter, Chartier, Letort, and others were the principal per- sonages in this dangerous enterprise, which was hardly sufficiently lucrative. Isaac Taylor, who for many years was a surveyor in the county of Chester, made a rough " draught of the Susquehanna River in 1701," and evidently had accompanied some Indian trader on one of his expe- ditions, and thus we have preserved to us the follow- ing exceedingly interesting sketch : By reference thereto it will be seen that Shawanese Indian villages were at or near Paxtang, on Duncan's and Clemsou's islands, above the mouth of the Ju- niata, at now Sunbury, and on " John Penn's" Creek and the Juniata. The streams on the east side of the river are the Suataro (Swatara) and the Quatoocha- toon ; whether the latter is the Wiconisco or Mahan- tango, it is difficult to determine. Governor Evans upon one of his expeditions into the country seems to have been informed at Peque- han of some irregularities of one of the French traders at Paxtang, and in company with John French Wil- liam Tonge, Michael Bezalion, a Mr. Gray, and four servants, visited this locality. We give his journal of this visit : GENERAL HISTORY. 19 " On Tuesday, the 1st July, 1707, we went to Coneetoga, and lay there that night, and the next morning proceeded on our journey, and ar- rived in the evening within three miles of an Indian village called Peixtan. The Governor had received information atPequehan that one Nicole, a French Indian trader, was at that place, against whom great complaints had been made to the Governor, of which he acquainted the chief Indian at Peixtan, as also of bis design to seize him, who willingly agreed to it, but advised the Governor to be very cautious in the man- ner, there being only young people at home, who perhaps might make some resistance if it were done without their being told of it. For this reason we lay short of the village that night, but early in the morning we went within a half-mile of the town, and, leaving our horses, marched afoot near the same, from whence the Governor sent Martins to the vil- lage, ordering him to tell Nicole that he had brought two kegs of rum with him, which he had left in the woods for fear any Cliristians were there ; and withal to persuade Nicole to go with him and taste the rum. Martine returned with James Letort and Joseph Jessop, two Indian traders, but could not prevail with Nicole; upon which Martine was sent back wifeh orders to bring down some Indians, and Nicole with them. Then we drew nearer to towu and laid ourselves in the bushes ; and Martine returned with two Indians whom the Governor acquainted with his intention of taking Nicole, tolling at the same time that he had spoken with the uncle of one of them upon that head, who ordered the Indians to submit to the Governor's commands, with which they were contented, though we perceived too well the contrary by their in- quiring how many we were, and liow armed, and the concern they seemed to be in when they found we were in more number than they. But still Nicole was wanting. It was therefore resolved to try once more if be could be got into the woods. Accordingly, Martine went again to the place, and brought Nicole where we lay concealed, and ask- ing him to drink a dram, he seized him ; but Nicole started from him and ran for it, when immediately we started out and took liim, and pres- ently carried him to the village (Peixtan), tlirongh which we were obliged to pass; and there we found some Indians with guns in their hands, who looked much displeased at what we had done, but being in readiness against any surprise, they thought it not iit to attempt any- thing. Here we staid about half an hour, and then started for Turpy- hocken [Tulpehocken], having mounted Nicole on a horse and tied his legs under the belly ; we got within a mile of Turpyhocken about two of the clock. On Friday morning about seven the Governor went to the town ; from thence we went to Manatawney that night, and the next day to Philadelphia." CHAPTER III. John Harris, the First White Settler— The Assessment List of 1718— Prices of Land, and Early Warrantees for Paxtang, Derry, Hanover, Londonderry, and Upper Paxtang Townships. The first English trader we hear of within the limits of the county was John Harris. The fears of the French, who were constantly gaining ground in the northwestern part of the Province, and especially of " Papists," which all at once seems to have filled our Quaker friends with terror, it made it absolutely ne- cessary to license only English traders, and they of Protestant proclivities, so as to prevent communica- tion with the French on the Ohio. Among the first was John Harris, who perchance entered this then lucrative fiield, the Indian trade, at the suggestion of his most intimate friend, Edward Shippen, Provincial Secretary. Of the John Harris who thus located permanently at Harrisburg, and who gave name to that city, it may not be inappropriate to refer. " He was as honest a man as ever broke bread," was the high eulogium pronounced by Parson Elder, of blessed memory, as he spoke of thQ pioneer in after-years. Born in the county of Yorkshire, England, although of Welsh descent, about the year 1673, he was brought up in the trade of his father, that of a brewer. Leaving his home on reaching his majority, he worked at his calling some time in the city of London, where- he joined, a few years afterwards, a company from his native district, who emigrated to Pennsylvania two or three years prior to Penn's second visit to his Prov- ince. Watson states that John Harris' " entire capi- tal amounted to only sixteen guineas." We first hear of him after his arrival in Philadel- phia as a contractor for clearing and grading the streets of that ancient village. In 1698 his name is appended to a remonstrance to the Provincial Assem- bly against the passage of an act disallowing the franchise to all persons owning real estate less in value than fifty pounds. The memorial had its effect, and the objectionable law was repealed. By letters of introduction to Edwasd Shippen, the first mayor of Philadelphia, that distinguished gentleman became his steadfast friend, and through his influence, no doubt, were secured those favors which induced him eventually to become the first permanent settler in this locality. In January, 1705, John Harris received his license from the commissioners of property, authorizing and allowing him to " seat himself on the Sasquahannah," and " to erect such buildings as are necessary for. his trade, and to enclose and improve such quantities of land as he shall think fit." At once he set about building a log house near the Ganawese (Conoy) set- tlement, but the Indians made complaint to the gov- ernment that it made them " uneasie," desiring to know if they encouraged it. As in numerous in- stances when the provincial authorities were taken to task, they disavowed their own acts. Nevertheless, the "trader" continued his avocation, making fre- quent visits to the Shawanese villages at the Cone- wago and Swatara. It is doubtful if John Harris came farther west until after the permanent removal of all the French traders. It was during one of his expeditions that Harries first beheld the beauty and advantages of the location at Paxtang. It was the best fording-place on the Susquehanna, and then, as now in these later days, on the great highway between the North and South, the East and the West. Annually the chiefs of the Five Nations went to the Carolinas, where were located their vast hunting-grounds, and these, return- iilg with peltries, found need of a trading-post. The eye of that hardy pioneer, looking out over the vast expanse of wood, and plain, and river, saw and knew that it was the place for the realization of that fond dream of the founder of Pennsylvania, the great and good Penn, '" a city on the Susquehanna." At the period referred to, the lands lying between the Cone- wago or Lechay Hills and the Kittochtinny or Blue Mountains had not been purchased from the Indians. Of course neither John Harris nor the Scotch-Irish 20 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. settlers could locate except by the right of squatter sovereignty or as licensed traders. As a trader, it could only be with the permission of the Indians. Harris' first move was the erection of a store-house, which he surrounded by a stockade. It was located on the lower bank of the river, at about what is now the foot of Paxtang Street. A well dug by him still exists, although covered over about twenty-five years ago, the old pump stock having become useless and the platform dangerous. A mound or hillock about one hundred feet southeast of the graveyard denotes the spot. " For almost a century," in the language of the late David Harris, " this well supplied a large neighborhood with water, which was exceedingly cool and pleasant to the taste." Adjoining his cabin were sheds for the housing of peltries obtained by traffic, which at stated periods were conveyed to Philadelphia on pack-horses. Some years prior to 1718 an incident took place in the life of John Harris which has received all sorts of versions, and even doubts of its truthfulness. We shall give it as we believe it, and as traditionary and other facts in our possession supply the material therefor. All the French traders having " gone over Sasquahannah," John Harris monopolized the busi- ness at Paxtang. In glancing over the records of the Province of Pennsylvania, frequent allusions are made to the excursions of the northern Indians, either to hunting-grounds in the South or to a conflict with a deadly foe. At one time the Onondagoes, on a predatory excursion against the Talapoosas, in Vir- ginia, descending the Susquehanna, left their canoes at Harris', proceeding thence to the scene of strife. Situated as he was, at the best ford on the river, he commanded an extensive trade. His Indian neigh- bors (Shawanese) were very friendly, and of course would not allow any strange or predatory bands to molest him. The deadly foe of the red race is rum, and although the selling of it was expressly forbidden by the provincial authorities, yet there was scarcely a treaty or conference without this portion being a part of the presents made by the refined white man to his ignorant red brother. Of a consequence liquor was sold, and we are told by Conrad Weiser that on one occasion " on the Sasquahannah," the Indians whom he was conducting to Philadelphia became so drunk that he was fearful of th em an d left them . At th e period first referred to, it seems a predatory band of Indians, on returning from the Carolinas, or the " Patowmack," ' naturally halted at John Harris'. In exchanging part of their goods, probably rum — for this seems to have been the principal beverage drunk at that period — was one of the articles in barter. At least we have it by tradition that the Indians became riotous in their drunken revelry, and demanding more rum, were re- fused by Mr. Harris, who began to fear harm from his visitors. Not to be denied, they again demanded liquor, and seizing him, they took him to a tree near by, binding him thereto. After helping themselves to whatever they wanted of his stores, they danced around the unhappy captive, who no doubt thought bis death was nigh. Prior to this the Indian village of Paxtang had been deserted, and the inhabitants removed to the west side of the Susquehanna. On the bluff opposite John Harris', as also at the mouth of the Yellow Breeches, there were lodges of Shawanese, and these held our Indian trader in high esteem. Information was taken them by Mr. Harris' negro servant, when at once were summoned the warriors, who crossed the river, where, after a slight struggle with the drunken Indians, they rescued from a death of torture their white friend. Although no mention of these facts is made in the provincial records, there may possibly have been good reason therefor, and it is well known that many inci- dents, well authenticated in later years, have not been noted in the documents referred to. By tradition and private sources alone are they preserved from oblivion. It was no myth, this attempt to burn John Harris, and although the pen and pencil have joined in making therefrom a romance and heightened it with many a gaudy coloring, yet accurate resources have furnished us with the details here given. The remains of this tree, which in the memory of the oldest inhabitant bore fruit, stands within the in- closure at Harris Park, a striking memento of that thrilling incident. The late George W. Harris fur- nished the author with certain corrobatory traditional evidence, which is herewith given. That it did occur was not only traditional in the Harris family but in others. The writer's grandmother, Mrs. Elizabeth (Thomas) Egle, tarried when a child of fifteen at John Harris', her father then being on his way from Philadelphia to his home at his mill on the Yellow Breeches. John Harris, the founder, in the course of conversation with her father alluded to the mulberry- tree and the rude inclosure of the graves at its foot, and distinctly remembered then hearing the story in detail which we have given. Robert Harris, a grandson of the Indian trader, stated it as a fact in which he believed. According to a memorandum, made in his lifetime, he stated that a band of Indians came to the house of his grand- father and demanded rum. He saw that they were intoxicated, and he feared mischief if he gave them more rum. They became enraged and tied him to the tree for burning. The alarm was given, and In- dians from the opposite side of the river came and after a struggle, released him. Esther, a daughter of the first John Harris, left three daughters : Elizabeth, married to Samuel Mac- lay ; Isabella, married to William Bell, of New York ■ and Margaret, married to Isaac Richardson, of Penn- sylvania, and then or subsequently living in York County. All of these granddaughters made state- ments in relation to the occurrence in question. In the year 1840, G. W. Harris had a conversation with Mrs. Bell on this subject. She stated that she GENERAL HISTORY. 21 was born in 1760. That in 1766 she was coming from Carlisle, where she lived, to Harrisburg with her father and some of her sisters. When they came to the river opposite to Harrisburg, where William Harris was then living, some of the children pointed to an old man fishing in the river, and they mentioned that he had saved the life of his master, John Harris, from the Indians. She said that she understood it to be when he was tied to the mulberry-tree. Eobert Maclay, of Kishacoquillas Valley, Mifflin County, wrote some years ago a statement as to this matter, from information obtained from his mother and her sisters, Mrs. Bell and Mrs. Richardson. His state- ment is to the effect that a party of Indians came to trade, and after obtaining what Mr. Harris had given to them, or traded for, they demanded rum, which he refused. They then determined to burn him, and bound him with hickory withes to a mulberry-tree on the bank of the river, and commenced gathering and piling wood around him. While they were gather- ing wood his negro man Hercules slipped off and in- formed friendly Indians on the opposite side of the river, who at once came in sufficient force to rescue and save his master. He added, as the statement of these ladies, that Mr. Harris set Hercules free, and that afterwards he directed that he should be buried under the mulberry-tree. Hercules died a consider- able time after the death of John Harris, and is buried there. Mr. Maclay also furnished a statement, which he had heard from his mother, to the effect that some friends endeavored to dissuade the old gentleman, Mr. Harris, from his determination to be buried under the mulberry-tree, alleging that the river-bank was being washed away and the grave might be exposed and perhaps washed away, and that he ought to be buried in the Paxtang church graveyard, but that he silenced all argument by saying that if you bury me out in Paxtang, I'll get up and come back. One of his daughters, Mrs. Elizabeth Finley, is also buried under the mulberry-tree. Here, then, is the statement of Eobert Harris, a grandson of John Harris, and of three of his grand- daughters to the alleged occurrence at the mulberry- tree, and Mr. Harris adds that Mrs. Bell and Mrs, Richardson were known to him, and were persons of superior intellect. Robert Maclay also mentioned an incident, as de- rived from the same source, that an Indian, in a dis- tressed condition, on a cold night, came to the house of John Harris and sought admission. He was re- ceived, and lay by the fire during the night. When the Indians came to the relief of John Harris it is said that this Indian was with them. As to whether the alarm was given by Hercules, in a conversation with Robert Harris, about the year 1840, in which he said that the alarm on the occasion in question was not given by Hercules, but in some other way, how he did not know ; but that Hercules had saved the life of his master on another occasion, I think he said when he was endangered from a steer in a flat on the river. But Mr. Samuel Breck, of Philadelphia, previous to October, 1827, wrote an ac- count relative to Harrisburg, in which, in reference to this alleged occurrence at the mulberry-tree, he states that the Indians who came to the relief of John Harris were led by Hercnles, and he adds that the narrative was submitted in substance to the inspec- tion of Mr. Robert Harris, and declared by him to be correct. When the picture representing that scene (in posses- sion of the State of Pennsylvania) was painted by Reeder, who was in communication with Robert Har- ris, the latter, it would seem, was of opinion that the alarm was not given by Hercules, and Hercules did not appear in it. His attention may not have been directed especially to the statement relative to Her- cules in the narrative of Mr. Breck, or his subsequent recollection may have been at fault. The burden of evidence seems to be that the alarm was given by Hercules, and if it were he is entitled to representa- tion in the picture. We have been thus explicit because the incident has been stated as untrue, and hence have given such traditionary evidence as it has been possible to obtain. Following the advent of the trader, as emigration to Pennsylvania increased, pressed towards the banks of the Susquehanna the early pioneer. The first assessment-list for what was subsequently Lancaster County is that of the township of "Conestogoe," Ches- ter County, for the year 1718. This was the name of the outlying township of the latter county, which, in 1722, we find to be divided into East and West Cones- togoe townships, and from the latter, in 1725, the township of Donegal. As many of the names in the organization of townships and counties belonged eventually to the county of Dauphin, we give the list entire, and the names as in the original. At the period noted the number of " residents taxable'' was one hundred and twenty-nine, and the amount of tax levied £40 10s. lid. Conestogoe Bate — 1718. English Inhabitants. Tax. d. 6 6 6 6 9 9 Francis Warley 12 John Cartliedge 10 James Hendricks 5 James Letort 12 James Patterson 5 William Sherrel 2 John Hendriclis 2 Collum Macquair 3 Thomas Baldwin 3 Thomas Gale 3 Alexander Bense 3 John McDaniel 1 Richard Carter 3 John Linvill 3 Robert Wilkins 2 John Ffarer 5 John Grist 1 William Hughes 6 Peter Basillion 10 John Combe 7 Joseph fioe 1 English Inhabitants. Tax. 8. d. Andrew Mason 2 6 Joseph Hickman 7 6 Daniel Oookson 10 Thomas Clark 3 9 William Clark 2 Stephen Atkinson 4 Morgan Jones 2 6 Edmund Cartledge 5 John Harris 12 David Preece 12 Eobert Middleton 12 EichardGrice 12 Nathaniel Crlstopher 12 Thomas Perrin 12 Samuel Birchfleld 12 William Ludford 12 Thomas Wilkin 12 James Davis 12 Evan Evans 12 ThomasJones 12 22 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. C0NE8TOGOE Rate— IVIS, Dutch Inhabitants. Martin Kundig Martin Milin Tax. s. d. ... 12 6 5 f* Christian Heer John Hapr .. 10 .. 10 Jacob Miller .. 11 S Joseph Stemau 2 f^ John Miller .. 3 q John Funk .. 6 .. 7 Henry Hayne Christopher Ffranciscus... ... 6 .. 7 3 .. 3 .. 8 .. 6 .. 6 .. 7 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 3 .. 2 .. 2 .. 5 .. 5 .. 6 .. 1 .. 1 .. 6 .. 3 . 2 .. 3 .. 3 .. 7 .. 6 .. 3 .. 1 .. 8 .. 2 . 5 .. 2 q 1 Philip Fflere Isaac Lefevre 6 Thomas Ffalkner John Milon 6 n John Taylor Martin Berr 6 6 n Henry Kundic tfe Son Jacob Moyer Hans Stiff Hanse Kpague 6 Jacob Highstetter John Wilmer , 9 B John Broakpather, jun 6 q Abraham Heer q Melcliior Arisman Christian Hearse & Son John Tmip 6 6 Dutch Inhabitants. Tax. Henry Berr. 2 Micliael Bowman 3 Hance Bugholder 2 Hance Nelcomer 1 Melchior Prenaman 4 George Kendrick 2 John Natts, jun 1 Michael Shank, jun 2 John Natts, sen 1 Henry Ffunk S Benjamin Wilmer ■ 2 Jacob Landus 2 Hance Henry Neff. 5 Michael Miller 2 Ffelix Landus 5 Cliarley Christopher 1 Woolrick Howry 1 Stoffal Prenaman "1 Jacob Hooher 1 Christian Stone 2 Isaac Ffrederick & Son 5 Jacob Kundrick 10 Jacob Landus, jun 1 Martyn Boyer 1 Hance Boyer 1 John Boman 1 Benedictus Brachbill 11 Christian Shank 5 Michael Shank, sen 3 John Shank 2 Hndey_ Moyer 3 Hans ~ Han Hans Graff, sen 3 Peter Yorte 5 Yorey Ebeys... 6 Hans Currick Moyer 1 Christian Shaus 3 Hans Weaver 3 Woolrick Hource Peter Laman William Penn, the first proprietary, died in Eng- land in 1718, and his son Thomas continued in his minority until 1781 ; Eichard, his other son, until 1732. In this interval their land-offlce was shut up, so that during that time warrants and patents were not regularly granted by the commissioners of prop- erty for transferring lands to applicants. To further the settlement of the then Province within that pe- riod, tickets signed by one of the commissioners of property, or by the secretary of the land-office, came into practice. Hence, it would seem, sprung up im- provements. The old rule being once relaxed, greater liberties were taken by the people, and emigrants from abroad often seated themselves on vacant lands without permission, and made valuable improve- ments. The usage of the proprietary land-office was favorable to these settlements. The interests of the proprietaries were promoted, and the pre-emption of the lands they occupied was generally considered as belonging to the settlers. The inhabitants of the frontier counties in particular availed themselves of the usage, and in many instances went much further than was ever intended by the lords of the soil or their officers. Thomas Penn arrived at Philadelphia in 1732. No warrants appear to have been issued to take up land, but only to resurvey, from 1730 to 1733, when Thomas Penn first signed warants; and in that year he signed many warrants to settlers for lands, and even stating settlements made many years before. The prices for land varied. Previous to 1732 there were no fixed prices. The terms agreed upon appear to have been regulated by cash payments, and the annual quit-rents to be afterwards paid. As early as 1684, all warrants were conditional, containing a clause that the land should be improved within a specified time or the warrant to be void. The time varied from six months to a year, and in a few cases to two or more years ; and which continued until after 1730, and this may partially account that the urgent request made by old and confidential officers for the __ ^ establishing an uniform price was cons^tantly rejected. John^Ff"ame''''''"'"° i' 9'^ Perhaps, to understand this subject the better, it should be borne in mind that the proprietary, although Governor and political head of the Province, yet care- fully and rigidly kept up the distinction between his political and private rights. He exercised the same absolute power to sell, to whom he pleased, and on what terms he pleased, which every owner of lands exer- cises, and resisted any interference of the Assembly with these rights constantly and successfully, by his personal influence or that of his Governors here, or by s^BrancT!.........'......"..... 2 6 /procuring the repeal by the king in council of every sUraffjun £ 6 law infringing On such his private rights. As a result,! prices varied for the first half-century — greatly varied — every month and week and day, by him and his com- mis.sioners of property; in short, that difference in price of lands nearly contiguous, or actually con- tiguous, was what constantly occurred. Tiiere was I not always injustice or impropriety in this ; the differ-/ ence of soil or location may have been the cause. Be- sides, it must be recollected that for more than half a century cash was not generally paid on taking out a warrant. The price then very often, if not always, depended in some degree upon the ability to pay cash in hand. No man of his day was more distressed for money than William Penn. He was obliged to mort- gage his Province, and was confined for debt in the Fleet Prison in England. Necessity compelled him, therefore, to sell for cash at very low rates ; and the propriety and moral necessity of having his Province settled and cultivated made it proper to sell to those who would cultivate and improve the country, and agree to pay interest. Those who had purchased warrants from William Penn in England, and who had deeds, generally took warrants to survey their lands, and often the first war- rant was for only a part, and they might take another warrant or warrants for the residue of their purchase, or might sell the whole or a part, or several parts to several persons, each of whom co'uld take a warrant for his quantity or portion. These were called first purchases. On these warrants, or their alienees, no money was due, aud no price mentioned. From and after 1732 until the 27th of December, 1762, the price was £15 10«. per cent.; interest charged from six months after the date of the war- rant when the land was not improved, but if im- proved, then from the commencement thereof. From Dec. 27, 1762, to Dec. 27, 1763, the price was £9, cur- GENERAL HISTOEY. 23 rency, per cent. From Dec. 27, 1763, to Aug. 6, 1765, the price was again £15 10s. per cent. ; but if the land was improved previously to 1762, £15 10s., and interest accordingly. From Aug. 6, 1765, to July 1, 1784, the price was £5 sterling for unim- proved land; but if improved, the time at which the improvement was made governed the price. It may be stated in this connection that no price was ever fixed for lands within the manors or proprietary surveys, these being the private property of the proprietaries. The commissioners of property gen- erally sold them at a higher rate than other lands, or on warrants " to agree." In 1739 and ever afterwards they were sold by special agents under special powers. It is much to be regretted that the correspondence between the proprietaries and their secretary, James Logan, and the provincial surveyors from 1710 to 1740 has never been collated. It would greatly sub- serve the interests of our early history by throwing light upon a number of transactions in land, and the cause of the state of feeling on the part of the early settlers. The Scotch-Irish were not treated with the same consideration accorded the Germans and Swiss. The latter could locate anywhere, the former not. The Scotch-Irish settled on the manor of Conestoga, but they were removed by force, their cabins burned, and told to go beyond the Conewago. The Germans occupied immediately the land from which the Scotch- Irish had been driven, and warrants therefor to them shortly afterwards granted. All except less than five hundred acres of this celebrated manor was taken up by German settlers, and that was a locality where a few Shawanese Indians had planted themselves, and which in our subsequent history became more tha^ notorious. The Scotch-Irish ejected from the pur- chased and surveyed lands were pushed across the Conewago and Swatara, where they were allowed to remain. Many of these had settled ten to fifteen years upon the land ere the surveyors entered upon it, and the privilege was afibrded to take out warrants. Applications were made at once, but many years elapsed ere the warrant was issued, and frequently the right was transferred by one to another through purchase ere right in the soil was Secured from the land-office. We herewith give the record of such warrants. Many who secured the original warrants sold within a few days thereafter a portion of their land to their neighbors or relatives, as an examination of deeds will evidence. Many of those for whom twenty-five or fifty acres are warranted were for lands adjoining their other lands. There will no doubt be a surprise to our readers at the absence of names of individuals who it is well known were early settlers. This is due to the fact that deeds were given by the proprietaries to the " original purchasers" and others of large tracts of land, giving simply the names of the counties and sometimes the manors in which they were located. These persons sold to many of the early settlers, and although the latter were really the persons entitled to the original warrants, yet through either being re- lieved from quit-rent or perchance purchasing on more favorable terms, their deeds to the soil came not through the land-office, but through speculators and others. The date of the warrant is far from the date of settlement. It is frequently stated in these that the land had been settled some years previously. Fre- quently the interest was to be computed from a period many years anterior to the date of warrants, and to these we have affixed an asterisk (*), which give the date interest commences, and that may have been years after a permanent improvement had been m^de. There is one thing to the credit of the proprietaries be it said, they never attempted to collect interest be- yond the date of purchase from the Indians, but those who had already made improvements a higher price was fixed for land and for'quit-rents. Few, perchance, will attach any particular impor- tance to the record of early warrants given. It has been a work of considerable labor and research, and if not interesting reading in the main, is of real his- toric value. WAKBANTEES OF LAND IN PAXTANG TOWNSHIP. Alien, Peter, 400; Oct. 26, 1734. Armstrong, James, 200; Nov. 26, 1736. Armstrong, William, 200; Jan. 13, 1737. Alcorn, James, 250 ; Jan. 13, 1737. Armstrong, John, 250 ; April 26, 1738. Alcorn, James, 190 ; June 1, 1741. Armstrong, Robert, 200; Oct. 30, 1745. Alexander, George, 200 ; Aug. 6, 1762. Brice, Samuel, 150 ; Feb. 19, 1736. Brady, Hugh, 250; May 21, 1735. Brady, Hugh, 150 ; Feb. 27, 1733. Burney, Thomas, 200 ; Feb. 14, 1737. Brown, William, 100 ; May 17, 1764. Bell, William, 200 ; May 9, 1763. Brown, Benjamin, 160; March 11, 1766.* Berryhill, Andrew, 160 ; May 6, 1765.* Brown, William, 200 ; Oct. 4, 1765. Barnett,-John, Sr., 130; April 10, 1776. Barnett, John, Jr., 180 ; April 10, 1775 . Beader, Peter, 200 ; April 17, 1775. Burrows, John, 100; March 1, 1760.1 Chambers, Benjamin, 200; March 28, 1734. Cavet, John, 100 ; March 21, 1737. Cavet, Richard. Ohilds, John, 200; March 2, 1737. Chambers, Eobert, 160 ; Feb. 15, 1737. Calhoun, John, 400; Jan. 16, 1737, "Whereon improvements have been made eight years." Curry, Robert, 200 ; Jan. 16, 1737. Carr, James, 250; Jan. 13, 1737. Caldwell, John, 160; Dec. 22, 1737.' Cochran, Andrew, 200 ; June 8, 1738. Cunningham, John,Sr., 200; May 6, 1738. Chambers, William, 200; May 6, 1738. Crawford, James, 250; March 27, 1738. Cooper, Thomas, 160 ; Jan. 9, 1743/4. Cowden, Matthew, 300 ; Nov. 2, 1749. Carson, William, 46 ; June 8, 1763. Copeland, Noah, 60 ; July 12, 1751. v Cantzen, John Jacob, 200 ; June 26, 1763. Caldwell, John, 300 ; Oct. 4, 1766. - Date of occupancy. 24 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Calhoun, William, 150 ; Oct. 30, 1766. Calhoun, James, 300; Fob. 22, 1770. Carver, John, 26; April 11, 1771. Cunningham, Hugh, 160 ; July 2, 1772. Chamhers, John, 200 ; Aug. 10, 1767,* " above the Narrows." Dickson, William, 250; March 22, 1733/4. Dickey, Moses, 100 ; May 31, 1742. Davy, Hugh (Phila.), 260 ; Oct. 1, 1761, " William Kenick's land." Duncan, Thomas, 200 ; March 6, 1764. Deyarmdnd, Henry, 60 ; May 13, 1766. Duncan, James, 200 ; Feb. 14, 1737.* Edgell, Simon (Phila.), 300; March 27, 1738. Edgell, Kebecca (widow of S.), 338 ; May 20, 1743. Elder, Thomas, 250; Jan. 14, 1743/4. Elder, John, 264 ; May 24, 1751. Espy, James, 150 ; July 2, 1766. Egle, Abraham, 160 ; April 23, 1773. Elder, Kev. John, 200 ; Feb. 14, 1786. Foresay, John, 200 ; March 28, 1734. Foster, William, 200; Jan. 20, 1737. Foster, John, 200 ; Jan. 20, 1737. Ferguson, James, 300 ; Jan. 20, 1737. Forster, Arthur, 250 ; May 6, 1738. Foster, Thomas, 200 ; July 1, 1743. Finley, John, 200 ; May 11, 1747. Fisher, John, 268 ; Feb. 19, 1747. Faulkner, Thomas, 400 ; March 18, 1748/9. Fisher, Philip, 60 ; Aug. 4, 1753. Forster, Frederick, 60 ; April 22, 1764. Feegan, John, 50 ; June 9, 1772. Fulton, Abraham, 100 ; Feb. 17, 1776. Gardner, Henry, 500 ; March 4, 1733. Graham, John, 200; Aug. 2, 1733. Grahain, James, 100; Jan. 23, 1737. Gray, John, 260; March 26, 1738. Galbra5th, Samuel, 200 ; May 20, 1738. Graham, Michael, 200; March 1, 1746.* Gillaspy, Patrick, 160; March 1, 1764.* Garber, John, 289; May 14, 1770.* Gray, John, 300; 1758.* Hoff, Richard, 260; March 16, 1733. Harris, John, 300; Dec. 12, 1733. Hoff, Joseph, 260; March 16, 1733, " ai^'oining Peter Allen's laud." Hannah, Andrew, 200 ; Feb. 26, 1737. Hoff, Joseph, 196 ; March 16, 1733. Heer, Abraham, 196 ; June 22, 1742. Hannah, Andrew, 150; Nov, 9, 1760. Harris, William, 60; March 14, 1764. Harris, Thomas, Jr., 50 ; April 9, 1764. Hunter, Samuel, Sr., 300 ; Dec. 8, 1763. Henderson, John, 150; Aug. 14, 1766. Hulings, Marcus, 60; Jan. 12, 1769, "adjoining Peter's Mountain and French Jacobs." Hcaslet, Bobert, 200; March 4, 1776. Hershey, John, 40 ; March 23, 1775. Hilton, John, 90; April 10, 1776. Joinston, James, 200 ; March 26, 1738. Johnston, James, 400; March 26, 1737. Job, Jacob, 300; March 19, 1742, " at the mouth of Swahatawro." Johnston, George, 200; March 17, 1737. Kirkpatrick, William, 200; April 17, 1759. Kirkpatrick, Marg. (widow William), 200 ; Sept. 10, 1765. Kerr, William, 268 ; Nov. 23, 1769. Kreamer, John, 50 ; Jan. 6, 1772. Liske, James, 200 ; Feb. 21, 1737. Upper, Andrew, 200 ; Jan. 27, 1737. Lowry, John, 200; Feb. 7, 1737. Lowry, John, 160 ; Aug. 28, 1734. Montgomery, James, 100 ; May 3, 1736 (settled 6 years). McGee, Patrick, 260 ; March 4, 1737. McOlure, Eiohard, 600; Jan. 30, 1737. McKinney, John, 200; Fob. 5, 1737. Mitchell, James, 260; Jan. 13, 1737. McMullin, William, 250 ; Jan. 16, 1737 (8 years prior). McMulIin, Hugh, 250; Jan. 16, 1737. McNart, Francis, 200 ; Jan, 20, 1737. McDonnel, William, 300 ; Feb. 17, 1737. Montgomery, Thomas, 260 ; Feb. 21, 1737. Montgomery, Samuel, 100; Fob. 21, 1737. Mayze, Thomas, 600; March 28, 1738. Muckleroy, Henry, 260; March 31, 1738. Martin, Joseph, 300 ; May 6, 1738. Martin, James, 300 ; May 6, 1738. Maybane, Alexander, 160 ; May 29, 1738. McMullin, William, 176; March 1, 1737.* McCormick, Hugh, 200; April 9, 1750. McGhee, Thomas, 200 ; Aug. 12, 1752, " Indian Trader" on Susque- hannah over the " Blue Hills." Martin, Samuel, 130 ; March 30, 1753. McKillip, Hugh, 100 ; April 11, 1753. McEvers, John, 100 ; Nov. 2, 1763. Morrow, James, 200; Aug. 28, 1766. Maharg, Alexander, 127 ; Aug. 14, 1766. McKnight, William, 250; Nov. 17, 1768. Miller, John, 100; Oct. 31, 1770. Meyer, Henry, 100 ; Feb. 27, 1773. Means, John, Jr., 200 ; March 1, 1768.* McICinnie, John, 200 ; May 20, 1774. Mayes, Thomas, 100 ; March 6, 1775. McOord, James, 100 ; March 17, 1776. Mitchel, Thomas, 100 ; March 30, 1775. Montgomery, David, 200 ; April, 10, 1776. McConnell, Robert, 170; April 21, 1776. Montgomery, Eev. Joseph, 160 ; March 1, 1760.* Nickson, William, 200 ; Nov, 26, 1736. Nott, William, 200 ; Jan. 16, 1737. Neal, John, 200; June 8, 1738. Neil, John, 208 ; March 1, 1757.* Osborne, Alexander, 400 ; Jan. 25, 1737, " has improved seven years." Parke, Arthur, 150 ; June 1, 1738. Parke, Samuel, 300 ; Jan. 4, 1737. Patterson, Robert, 200; Doc. 7, 1737. Potts, Kobei-t, 200; March 1, 1737. Patterson, Francis, 'J Patterson, Robert, I 150 ; March 1, 1739.* Patterson, Ann, J Paul, Nathaniel, 100; March 25, 1768. Pemberton, Israel,i 500 ; Oct. 29, 1862. Purviance, Samuel, 100 ; March 14, 1769. Patterson, William, 150 ; Sept. 26, 1776. Pitnar, Michael, 160; Nov. 8, 1774. Patton, David, 300; Jan. 18, 1776. Patterson, Ann, 76 ; March 1, 1739.* Ray, Hugh, lOO; Aug. 1, 1736. Richey,' William, 300; prior to August, 1732, "a<^oining Mrs. Foster." Renick, Robert, 260 ; March 27, 1738. Benick, Thomas, 200; March 27, 1738. Eenick, William, 600 ; March 27, 1738. Renick, Thomas, 400 ; March 27, 1738. Roberts, Francis, 76 ; March 1, lf39.* Renick, Henry, 60 ; June 11, 1761. Kegrc, Jacob, 160; March 1, 1737.* Robertson, James, 180 ; April 10, 1775. 1 This warrant recites, that on the 23d day of April, 1730, there "was granted for surveying unto John Jagger, of Eaton, in the county of Bucks, in Great Britain, eldest son of John Jagger, deceased, the quau< tity of five hundred acres of Land within our said Province, which was granted by our late Father unto the said John Jagger the elder in Fee, by the name of John Jigger, by deed, dated the seventh of July, one thousand six hundred and eighty-seven, under the yearly Quit Bent of two English silver shillings per hundred acres, as by the same Warrant appears ; And whereas the said John Jigger the elder dyed Intestate with respect to sd Five hundred acres of Land, and without having dis- posed thereof, leaving issue Five children, viz., the said John, his oldest son, aa Heir ; and Edward and Abraham, his sons; and Sai-ah and Mary his Daughters ; and the said Edward, Abraham, Sarah, and Mary, did by their deed poll of the 27th February, 1729, grant, release, and quit claim unto the said John Jagger, the younger, all their right and title to the said Five hundred acres; And whereas the said John Jagger the younger, did afterwards by Deeds of Lease and Release, dated respects ively the first and second day of April, 1760, grant, bargain, sell, and convey unto Israel Pemberton, the younger, of the City of Philadelphia merchant," etc. GENERAL HISTORY. 25 Simpson, Thomas, 200; March 22, 1733/4. Skillirn, William, 160 ; March 23, 17:i6. Stuart, Archibald, 260; Nov. 17, 1737. Simpson, Samuel, 150 ; Nov. 17, 1737. Simpson, Thomas, 300 ; March 2, 1737. Simpson, Nathaniel, 150; March 17, 1737. Scott, Joseph, 200; Jan. 6, 1737. Scott, Andrew, 300; Jan. 6, 1737. Scott, William, 200; Jan. 6, 1737. Stephen, Alex., 200 ; Nov. 16, 1737. Scott, John, 200; June 8, 1738. Sharpe, Edward, 300; May 6, 1738. Skillirn, Wm., 300; April 4, 1738. Shippen, Edward (Phila.), 300 ; March 25, 1738, Steen, Andrew, 200; March 1, 1737.* Shaw, Timothy, 200; March 1, 1737.* Smith, Henry, 160; April 29,1761. Shiets, George, 100; March 2, 1762. Swaney, Henry, 80; March 10, 1752. Sturgeon, Thomas, 200; Nov. 10, 1762. Stewart, Hugh, 300; Dec. 12, 1752. Simpson, Samuel, 200; March 1, 1737.* Sturgeon, Jeremy, 200; March 22, 1763. Steven, Andrew, 460 ; May 24, 1753. Shaw, Timothy, 100; June 1, 1763. Smith, Kobert, 200 ; March 1, 1737.* Sterrat, Bobert, 200 ; Feb. 4, 1765. Swan, Hugh, 200; Aug. 26, 1767. Smith, James, 100; March 1, 1754.* Smith, Jacob, 200; Oct. 3, 1772. Simpson, William, 30; Jan. 15, 1773. Simpson, John, 100 ; Jan. 15, 1773. Steel, John, 220; March 20, 1773. Shop, Bernard, 160; Oct. 17, 1773. Snyder, Phelty, 50; April 11. 1774. Swan, Moses, 150; Nov. 8, 1774. Stewart, Elijah, 180 ; March 29, 1776. Smith, John, 100; April 10, 1776. Sh'iitz, Leonard, 100 ; April 17, 1776. Taylor, Matthew, 250; Feb. 22, 1737. Thora, Joseph, 400; Jan, 20, 1737. Taylor, Robert, 200 ; March 1, 1740.* Teatfe, Michael, 60; April 21, 1769. Woods, Michael, 200; April 6, 1737. Wilson, Joseph, 200 ; May 7, 1737. Wilson, John, 200; May 7, 1737. Wilson, Alexander, 200 ; May 7, 1737. Wilson, John, Sr., 250; July 23, 1753. Walker, Andrew, 200 ; Nov. 30, 1763. Wright, Robert, 50; May 1, 1754. Wiley, Eliz. (widow of 01.), 200; Aug. 16, 1762. Wallace, James, 300 ; April 4, 1766. Wilson, John (son of William), 300 ; Deo. 13, 1767. Wilson, Joseph, 200; Dec. 13, 1767. Wagner, Adam, 160; Aug. 30, 1768. Wiggins, John, 160; Oct. 3, 1771. Wiggins, Thomas, 60; May 17, 1774. Whitley, Michael, Sr., 200 ; Dec. 1, 1774. Wilson, Joseph A., 100; Feb. 8, 1775. Wray, Hugh, 65 ; April 10, 1776. Walker, James, 180; April 10, 1775. White, Josias, 160: April 10, 1776. Zimmerman, John, 125; July 6, 1772. WAEEANTBES OF LAND IN DERRY TOWNSHIP. Allison, John, 200; April 15, 1734. Aspie, George, 200; Aug. 23, 1738. Aspy, George, 100; May 14, 1750. Aspy, John, 100; Nov. 2, 1763. Allen, David, 41; May 18, 1769. Breadin, Robert, 100; Jan. 28, 1736. Black, Patrick, 200; Feb. 23, 1737. Blackburn, Alexander, 300; March 25, 1738. Boyle, Hugh, 300; March 1, 1742. Bertram, William, etc., 100; July 10, 1741. Black, Samuel, 50 ; Oct. 20, 1743. Bowman, Thomas, 100 ; May 25, 1744. Braden, William, 60 ; Dec. 6, 1744. Black, Samuel, 300 ; Jan. 10, 1744. Black, David, 200; Feb. 6, 1744. Black, Hugh, 200 ; Feb. 5, 1744. Boyd, William, 100; Oct. 6, 1749. Boyd, Robert, 100; Oct. 6, 1749. Bushoin, Andrew, 100 ; July 21, 1749. Bowman, Thomas, 60; Oct. 19, 1760. Boyd, Robert, 200 ; Jan. 16, 1752. Baughman, Michael, 200, Sept. 24, 1761. Becker, Casper, 60; March 25, 1751. Brand, Martin, 60 ; April 9, 1762. Blackburn, John, 150 ; Aug. 7, 1753. Burkholder, Adam, 50; April 11, 1766. Braden, Wm., 100 ; Sept. 3, 1772. Clarke, Charles, 200, April 3,1734. Campbell, Alex., 200; Jan. 9, 1733. Cunningham, James, 200; June 1, 1737. Campbell, David, 200; March 3, 1737. Carr, John, 250 ; March 8, 1737. Campbell, James, 300 ; March 2, 1737. Cowen, John, 100; June 15, 1738. Clarke. Charles, 160 ; Dec. 31, 1742. Caruthers, James, 100; March 9,1742. Comer, Bobert, 200 ; March 27, 1742. Chambers, Rowland, 160; Nov. 29, 1742, " to com. from 1737.' Corbet, Peter, 100 ; March 14, 1742. Cooke, Thomas, 100; , 1737.* Clarke, James, 200 ; July 28, 1743. . Candor, Joseph, 100 ; Sept. 13, 1743. Chambers, Joseph, 100; Aug. 3, 1743. Chambers, James, 160; Jan. 3, 1744. Chambers, Bobert, 200; Jan. 10, 1744. Chambers, Henry, 200 ; Jan. 10, 1744. Campbell, David, 200; March 1, 1739.* Caruthers, John, 76; June 12, 1762.- Campbell, John, 100 ; May 13, 1752. Caruthers, James, 100 ; March 29, 1750. Caruthers, Bobert, 160 ; May 2, 1761. Cassel, Michael, 100 ; June 27, 1761. Campbell, James, 20 ; Aug. 22, 1761. Carmony, Joseph, 60 ; June 27, 1769. Clem, Adam, 6; July 9, 1773. Dyer, Boger, 400 ; Jan. 26, 1733. Dokes, John, 300 ; Oct. 26, 1737. Duncan, Andrew, 150 ; March 12, 1738. Douglass, John, 100; Aug. 29, 1744. Dallebaugh, Peter, 50 ; May 1, 1761. Dellebaugh, Valentine, 200; Jan. 30, 1752. Detwiler, Jacob, Jr., 132 ; Feb. 16, 1776. Eckman, John, 125 ; Feb. 8, 1738. Ellison [Allison], Patrick, 200 ; August. 1732.* Ewing, Thomas, 400; Nov. 17, 1738. Bstdher, Gerrard, 100 ; Dec. 16, 1747. Ekin, Mary, 60 ; June 16, 1748, Ekin, Arthur, 50; June 15, 1748. Eckleberner, Jacob, 50 ; Oct. 23, 1753. Eakin, Thomas, 100 ; Nov. 30, 1753. Eteling, Gotlieb David, 40 ; Feb. 26, 1754. Eberth, John Nicholas, 100 ; July 31, 1765. EUenberger, John, 10 ; March 26, 1772. Toy, Henry, 200 ; Jan. 26, 1733. Forster, John, 100; Feb. 26, 1741/2. Forster, David, 100; Feb. 25, 1741/2. Foster, David, 200; Oct. 26, 1744. Foster, James, 200; Jan. 3, 1744. Forster, Bobert, 76 ; Feb. 15, 1749. Fox, Henry, 60 ; June 4, 1762. Fisher, Hans Adam, 50 ; Oct. 7, 1752. Fishborn, Philip, 50; Oct. 24, 1764. Fornee, Joseph, 16 ; May 20, 1772. Galbraith, James, 160; Aug. 9, 1732.* Graham, Sarah (widow of John), 260 ; March 11, 1737. Gingrey, Hans, 50; June 14, 1750. Grug, Valentine, 100; Jan. 30, 1762. Grose, Michael, 100; July 7, 1747.* Glass, George, 50; July 19, 1763. 26 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Godlip, George, 25; June 20, 1764. Miller, Jacob, 50; June 19, 1760. Galloway. Joseph (Md.), 25 ; April 4, 1771. McKee, James, 60; March 28, 1761. Grnybill, John, 60; Nov. 5. 1767.* Murdock, Bobert, 50; Api-il 18, 1751. Garber, Michael, 50; April 6, 1775. McCalieter, John, 150; April 19, 1751. Hall, Hugh, 60; Aug. 4, 1741. Morrison, Joseph, 25; April 17, 1762. Henry, John, 900 ; March 19, 1734. McCoghonoer, Philip, 160; June 25, 1762. Haig, John, 160; Miuch 29, 1735. McCosh, John, 100; Jan. 16, 1752. Hayes, David, 20U ; Feb. 8, 1733. McCleaver, Miles, 50; Jan. 3, 1752. Hall, William, 200; Oct. 25, 1737. Magord, David, 100; Jan. 8, 1762. Hunter, Andrew, 150; Nov, 9, 1737. Moore, John, 150 ; Oct. 20, 1762. - Hayes, Patrick, 300; Jan. 10, 1737. Moore, Andrew, 160; Oct. 20, 1762. Hayes, Hugh, 200 ; March 14, 1737, " on the Barrens." McCulloch, John, 20; Nov. H, 1762, Hayes, David, 200; March 14, 17.'i7. McCleary, Bobert, 160; March 30, 1753. Hall, Hugh, 150; March 12, 1740. Miller, George, 50; Feb. 1, 1764. Hay, William, 200; March 1, 1737.* Mucklehenny, Alexander, 300; May 21, 1754. Hayes, James, 200; July 15, 1743. McCord, John, 60 ; Sept. 6, 1764. Hall, James, 200; Jan. 17, 1743/4. McKee, Robert, 60 ; May 24, 1767. , Hersey, Andrew, Jr., 300; Oct. 28, 1746. McKee, James. Hypsher, Ulrich, 60; Oct. 26, 1760. McLalland, Bobert, 260 ; Nov. 26, 1734, " near the mouth of Swaha- Harris, Thomas, 60 ; April 24, 1762. tawro." Hall, Thomas, 100; Nov. 28, 1753. McCunechy, John, 200; April 12 1734. Hess, Martin, 26 ; Feb. 1, 1754. Maben, William, 250; June 15, 1734. Hayes, Hugh, 60; Feb. 8, 1764. Morrell, Dietrich, 70 ; April 30, 1765. Henry, George, 100; April 20, 1754. McQueen, John, 150; Nov. 23, 1766. Hess, Matthias, 20; Oct. 2, 1766. Meyer, John, 150; Nov. 18, 1771. Houser, Martin, 60 ; -Dec. 27, 1756. Neely, Charles, 30 ; April 12, 1760. Hamaker, Adam, 100 ; Aug. 19, 1766. Newcomer, John, 100; Feb. 16, 1754. Hays, Bobert, 10; Feb. 15, 1768. Nofzuger, Jacob, 150; Feb. 13, 1755. Haydock, Bobert (Phila.), 200 ; March 28, 1776. Neu, John Adam, 100; Feb. 10, 1767. Hatton, John, 2; Fob. 15, 1776, "adjoining Port Royal land." Over, John, 101 ; Deo. 17, 1745. Huntzberger, Jacob, 60; May 22, 1776. O'Neal, John, 100 ; July 5, 1760. Hay, William, 100; Sept. 8, 1784. Over, Christian, 79 ; March 28, 1786. Ireland, James, 200; July 6, 1743. Potts, James, 200; Sept. 8, 1737, " about eighteen months settled." Johnson, Thomas, 400; March 3, 1737. Parke, Samuel, 260; March M, 1737. Johnston, David, 100; March 1, 1737.* Peer, Alexander, 200 ; March 25, 1738. Killinger, Jacob, 100; Oct. 24, 1749. Peter, Henry, 160; Jan. 16, 1762. Klein, Michael, 200; July 18, 1751. Potts, Moses, 200 ; March 28, 1761. Klein, George, 100 ; Sept. 12, 1751. Pinogel, John, 150 ; Oct. 26, 1753. Klein, Henry, 100; April 9, 1762. Peters, Richard (in trust), 200; March 17, 1755. Klonegar, Valentine, 60; Nov. 8, 1762. Perdlar, Christian, 50; March 1, 1747.* Killinger, Jacob, 200; Nov. 8, 1763. Plouch, Jacob, 60 ; May 6, 1772. Kennedy, John, 70 ; Nov. 14, 1766. Paine, William, 100; July 14, 1784. Keefer, John, 15 ; July 28, 1773. Queen, Edward, 90; April 18, 1770. lard, Jane (widow of John), 200; Feb. 14, 1737. Eeynolds, John, 400 ; May 17, 1735. Ligett, Michael, 200; June 21, 1737. Eoddy, Alexander, 200; Aug. 3, 1737. Lowe, Daniel, 60; Aug. 16, 1744. Bobinson, William, 100 ; May 2, 1738. Logan, Thomas, 200; Nov. 20, 1744. Rutherford, Thomas, 160 ; March 1, 1737.* Lard, John, 200; July 5, 1746. Bee [Bay], John, 150; June 18, 1741. Lemon, John, 150 ; March 14, 1750. Bee [Bay], James, 100; Oct. 11, 1743. Lorang, Henry, lOOj March 21, 1750. Reynolds, Francis, 160; Aug. 21, 1742. Laird, Matthew, 200; Sept. 4, 1765. Bee, William, 160 ; May 24, 1744. Miley, George, 300; March 8, 1734, Russel, James, 200; March 1, 1737.* Mayben, John, 400; May 26, 1737, " three years settled." Eeiff, Jacob, 200 ; Sept. 22, 1746. Martin, Henry, 200; May 26, 17,37. Kiegar, Jacob, 100 ; July 7, 1747. McNair, David, 200 ; Sept. 6, 1737, " four years settled." Bobinson, Bichard, 100; March 1, 1740.* Moyer, Henry, 200; Jan. 9, 1737. Bowan, John, 100 ; May 21, 1748. Morrison, William, 200 ; March 14, 1737. Rutherford, Thomas, 150; March 1, 1746.* McQneene, John, 250 ; March 18, 1737. Rowan, ,Tohn, 100; March 1, 1744.* MoGrew, William, 200 ; Jan. 20, 1737. Robinson, Andrew, 58; April 5, 1760. McGrow, Finley, 300; Jan. 20, 1737. Rowan, Andrew, 100 ; May 16, 1761. Montgomery, John, 160; Feb, 7, 1737, "on Mill Creek." Ramsey, David, 160 ; Oct. 4, 1 756. Miller, James, 300; April 8, 1738. Russell, James, Jr., 80 ; April 6, 1770. McLallin, John, 100; May 26, 1741. Baiguel, Abraham, Sr.,50; June 12, 1770. McOallister, James, 60; Jan, 7, 1741/2. Bicker, Jacob, 100; Nov. 21, 1774. Maybin, John, 200 ; Feb. 22, 1741/2. Sharp, Thomas, 200; Aug. 22, 1734. Murdock, Robert, 100; March 30, 1742. Smith, John, 200; Nov. 16, 1736. Moore, Andrew, 200; Nov. 17, 1742. S[alyers, William, 300; March 13, 1737. Morrison, Andrew, 200; Feb. 16, 1742. Smith, William, 300; Oct. 16, 1738. McKee, James, 200 ; Aug. 1, 1743. Segrist, John, 100 ; May 18, 1742. Murray, James, 200 ; July 8, 1743. Smith, Samuel, 200; March 1, 1737.* McBride, Francis, 60; Nov. 9, 1744. Sloan, Jane (widow of John), 150; Oct. 7, 1743. Moorhead, Thomas, 50 ; Feb. 20, 1744. Shaw, James, 160 ; March 1, 1 737.* MoAIevy, Miles, 60 ; March 16, 1744. Sawyer, William, 260 ; May 26, 1749. McQuin, John, 100; Oct, 24, 1746. Shupe, Christopher, 100 ; Oct. 26, 1760. McGullon, Bobert, 150; March 1, 1744. Shank, Michael, 30; March 10, 1750. McOullen, Sarah, 160; March 1, 1744. Sample, James, 60; Nov. 12, 1760. Mitchell, David, 200; June 14, 1760. Singher, Simon, 100; Dec, 13, 1760. GENERAL HISTORY. 27 Steviok, Jacob, 60; May 23, 1751. Snevely, George, 60 ; Oct. 4, 1751. Smith, John, 100 ; April 2, 1762. Sample, .Tamea, 200 ; April 30, 1752. Shutter, John, 60; March 30, 1763. Strain, John, 100 ; Sept. 18, 1763. Spietel, Macks, 60; Feb. 1, 1754, Schneider, Christian, 100 ; May 24, 1764. Seller, Frederick, 36 ; Oct. 16, 1765. Shaffncr, Jacob, 260 ; May 25, 1774. Sinclair, Samuel, 400; July 14, 1784. Stroupe, Andrew, 150 ; March 2, 1785'. Simpson, Joseph, 250 ; March 21, 1785. Taylor, David, 250; March 13, 1737. Todd, James, 200 ; July 13, 1742. Todd, John, 200 ; Nov. 29, 1742. Thomson, John, 200 ; Feb. 20, 1744. TenniDger, Leonard, 200 ; Feb. 28, 1760. Tinninger, Adam, 250; April 18, 1765. Vanlear, Obristopher, 250 ; June 8, 1749. Vanbebber, Peter, 100; Feb. 25, 1733. White, Moses, 200; June 16, 1734. Wallace, Eobert, 240; Feb. 7, 1738. Wilson, Moses, 100 ; Feb. 20, 1740. Wilson, Thomas, 160 ; Feb. 20, 1740. Wilson, David, 200 ; settled before August, 1732. Walker, James, 250 ; settled in 1732. Wilson, William, 400 ; settled prior to August, 1732. Walker, Henry, 200; settled prior to 1733. White, Andrew, 200; March 2, 1737. White, William, 100; March 30, 1743. Walker, Da-^id, 60 ; Nov. 27, 1747. Wilson, James, 150 ; March 1, 1737.* Weaver, Jacob, 260 ; May 23, 1749. Wiley, James, 160; Sept. 22, 1748. Wallis, Alexander, 100; March 1, 1749. Walker, John, 100; March 1, 1744.* Walker, John, 60; Jan. 22, 1749. Walker, Henry, 400; Dec. 15, 1749. Wilson, Moses. 100; April 12, 1750. Wilson, Alexander, 30; Sept. 21, 1750. Walker, Jonas, 40; July 25, 1761. Wagenar, Adam, 25 ; Dec. 5, 1767. Weirick, Anthony, 60; June 26, 1752. Weirick, Valentine, 50 ; June 25, 1762. Wishong, Conrad, 50; Dec. 21, 1753. Zenger, John, 100 ; April 23, 1740. WABBANTEISS OF LAND IN HANOVBB TOWNSHIP. Alexander, Ezechias, 250 ; Dec. 23, 1737. Alexander, John, 200 ; Maich 26, 1738. Alexander, John, IQO; March 26, 1738. Andrews, John, 150; Aug. 22, 1744. Andrews, John, 100; Jan. 2, 1747/8. Angeny, Dewalt, 50; Feb. 14, 1760. Ainsworth, John, 100; Nov. 19, 1766. Baker, Eobert. 200; Aug. 4, 1737. Bertram, William, 360; Aug. 9, 1737. Blane, Alexander, 200; Dec. 6, 1737. Brandon, John, 250 ; Dec. 23, 1737. Brandon, John, Jr., 250 ; Dec. 23, 1737. Barnard, William, 200; Jan. 10, 1737. Baird, William, 200 ; Jan. 10, 1737. Bell, Walter, 240; March 16, 1737. Barnett, Eobert, 200; June 9, 1738. Brown, James, -300; Oct. 6, 1738, " near the Blue Mountains." Brown, Charles, 100; Sept. 30, 1740. Bingyman, John, 100; Feb. 6, 1741/2. Bell, Thomas, 150; Nov. 10, 1743. Barnard, William, 150; Jan. 26, 1743/4, Baschair, Barnard, 100; Oct. 25, 1749. Brown, William, 50 ; July 19, 1760. Brown, Patrick, 50; June 20, 1760. Brandon, William, 30; May 30,17.51. Brunner, John, 100; May 5, 1762. Baird, James, 200 ; Oct. 31, 1752. Branstetter, Jacob, 60 ; Feb. 7, 1753. " on Manada Creek." Berryhill, Joseph, 50; Nov. 21, 1753, "over the Blue Hills." Becker, John, 100 ; Oft. 18, 1764. Brown, William, 200; May 21, 1766. Barnett, Martha, 200; June 7, 1770. Barnett, John, Jr., 50; April 13, 1773. Baker, Michael (of Marg.), 100; Sept. 8, 1773. Baker, John, 100 ; Sept. 9, 1773. Bull, Henry, 300 ; Dec. 14, 1773, of Cumberland County. Bull, William, 300; Dec. 14, 1773, of Philadelphia. Clarke, William, 250 ; Jan. 9, 1736. Cummings, Joseph, 250; May 7, 1737. Curry, William, 200; Jan. 16, 1737. Campbell, William, 300; May 16, 1738. Cunningham, William, 200; April 26, 1738. Crawford, John, 400 ; Aug. 22, 1738. Cooper, John, 200; June 14, 1738. Carruth, Walter, 100 ; May 31, 1742. Clarke, Baptist, 100; Sept. 7, 1743. Cunningham, John, 200; Oct. 20, 1743. Cunningham, William, 150; Dec. 6, 1743. Carruth. Adam, 100 ; Dec. 30, 1743,, Crawford, John, 100; Dec. 30, 1743. Curry, Robert, 213; Sept. 25, 1745. Oahoons, George, 150 ; May 16,1748. Clarke, Benjamin, 200 ; Dec. 4, 1761. Crawford, John, 200 ; June 6, 1753. Clark, John, 100; May 22, 1759. Clark, Benjamin, 50; Nov. 15, 1758. Oountz, George, 100; Aug. 24, 1765. Clark, William, 300; July 21, 1766. Crain, George, 150; Nov. 19, 1766. Cooper, William, 111 ; May 30, 1767. Cuthbertson, Rev. John,' 100 ; Jan. 6, 1770. Dunlop, William, 250 ; June 26, 1734. Darn, James, 250 ; Jan. 18, 1737. Dixon, John, 400; July 26, 1738. Douglass, John, 200; Aug. 29, 1744. Deeven, Frederick, 50 ; June 21, 1761. Dallebangh, Jacob, 100 ; Jan. 17, 1754. Erwin, William, 200; Dec. 12, 1737. Emmet, George, 100 ; April 4, 1740. Bonis, Brice, 260 ; May 6, 1749. Eokar, Peter, Sr., 50 ; May 22, 1761, " over the Blue Hills." Eckraan, John, 73 ; March 1, 1737.* Bndsworth, Samuel, 188 ; Jan. 10, 1767. Eagan, James, 300 ; Dec. 2, 1774. Forster, .John, 200: Nov. 12, 1742. Ferguson, David, 100 ; July 24, 1760. Flower, Samuel, 160 ; April 10, 1762. Frome, Ulrich, 20; Aug. 27, 1766. Finney, James, 200 ; March 1, 1769.* Finney, Thomas, 160 ; March 1, 1760.* Foulke, Amos, 100 ; April 11. 1775. Graham, John, 200 ; Dec. 23, 1737. Gregory, Walter, 150 ; Dec. 23, 1737. Gallt, Matthew, 150 ; Jan. 20, 1737. Gilliland, John, 260; Feb. 14, 1737. Greer, Eobert, 150 ; Feb. 14, 1737. Guthry, John, 260 ; Oct. 29, 1743. Graham, James, 200 ; Oct. 16, 1740* Gilliland, Hugh, 200 ; March 1, 1740.* Gilliland, Robert, 50; April 9, 1751. Glenn, John, 40; June 6, 1765. Green, Timothy, 264 ; July 8, 1761. Gilkinson, John, 250; Feb. 3, 1768. Greenlie, James, 200 ; March 1, 1738.* Glen, Hugh, 160 ; March 1, 1768.* Garrigues, Samuel, Jr. (Phila.), 260; March 28, 1775. Gunckle, Philip, 300 ; July 1, 1784. Hume, Robert, 260; "before August, 1732."* Hustin, Albert, 200; Oct. 29, 1737. Humes, Andrew, 300 ; Jan. 26, 1737. 1 In Hanover township in the said county opposite the Indian Path Gap between the second and third mountains on both sides of Stony Creek, including a large spring now called Hungry Spring, with a swamp below it. 28 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Harris, James, 300 ; Feb. 10, 1737. McMullan, Thomas; March 22, 1754. Harris, Kobert. McClenachan, James, 200 ; Oct. 29, 1766. Harbeson, Williain, 250; April 8, 1738. Miller, Anna Mary (widow of Leonard), 100 ; March 7, 1766. Hall, Josias, 200 ; May 11, 1738. Martain, Alex., 150; Aug. 13, 1767. Hough, Leonard, 150 ; Aug. 26, 1738. McClure, Thomas, 66 ; Aug. 10, 1772. Hoffe, Williara, 200 ; Oct. 25, 1738. McBoberts, William, 60; May 26, 1773. Hough, Joseph, 174; Aug. 26, 1738.* Miller, John, 160 ; Oct. 20, 1773. Hough, Leonard, 150 ; Sept. 19, 1741. McClure, William, 30; May 13, 1774. Hume, Eobert, 80 ; Aug. 18, 1742. Miley, Martin, 24; June 2, 1774. Hume, William, 160 ; Jan. 26, 1737.* Meily, Henry, 20 ; Nov. 2, 1774. Huggins, James, 100 ; March 1, 1737.* McCormick, John, 130; March 29, 1775. Harvey, Martha, 100; March 1, 1737.* McNair, Thomas, 165 ; March 1, 1760.* Hill, John, 100 ; March 1, 1737.* Meyer, Henry, 200 ; March 12, 1785. Hume, John, 200; March 1, 1737.* Nealy, Henry, 300; Jan. 11, 1734. Hutchinson, John, 200; March 1, 1738.* Nox, John, 300; Dec. 1, 1737. Hutchinson, Joseph, 100; March 1, 1738.* Frees, Thomas, 250 ; Sept. 12, 1737. Heenigher, Melcbior, 120; Oct. 28, 1746. Patrick, Eobert, 200 ; Nov. 14, 1737, Hummil, Isaac, 100; April 29, 1749. Plantz, Matthias, 100; Nov. 4, 1761. Hutaman, John, 50 ; March 26, 1752. Patz, Peter, 100; Nov. 5, 1771. Homagher, Adam, 100; May 14, 1762. Parks, Eliza (wife of Joseph), 200; Nov. 19, 1772. Hume, Thomas, 50 ; May 24, 1763. Power, William, 300 ; July 14, 1774. Henry, John, 26; Nov. 8, 1763. Petticrew, John, 200 ; Nov. 23, 1784. Hennig, Christopher, 60; June 10, 1754. Petticrew, James, 200; Nov. 23, 1784. Hesse, Michael, 200 ; June 20, 1764. Reynolds, Joseph, 100; Feb. 25, 1733. Hauer, Bernard, 10 ; Nov. 21, 1764. Ripetb, James, Jr., 200 ; July 28, 1737. Hutchinson, Joseph, 160; Oct. 30, 1765. Ripeth, John, 300; Dec. 1, 1737. Hess, Martin, 200; Nov. 21, 1767. Ripeth, Joseph, 200; Dec. 1, 1737. Hutchinson, John, 200; Oct. 28, 1774. Ripeth, James, Sr., 400; Dec. 1, 1737. Hume, Thomas, 200; April 6, 1776. Reid, Adam, 200; March 1, 1739.* Innis, Brice, 140; March 1, 1767.* Robinson, Samuel, 200; Aug. 8, 1743. Johnston, John, 200 ; Nov. 26, 1736. Rogers, Seth, 150; Oct. 6, 1743. Jones, John, 300 ; March 7, 1737. Sogers, Joseph, Oct. 5, 1743. ! Johnson, Gawin, 25 ; Dec. 3, 1753. Rogers, George, Oct. 6, 1743. Johnston, James, 50; Aug. 17, 1773. Rogers, William, 200; March 1, 1739.* Klein, William, 180; April 4, 1769. Riddle, Tristram, 200 ; May 9, 1747. Kidd, Alexander, 100; Jan. 2, 1770. Reddell, Sarah, 250; April 23, 1747, Kaufman, Christian, 70 ; Feb. 27, 1770. Riddall, Tristram, 200 ; May 9, 1747. Karr, Andrew, 160; April 16, 1774. Robinson, William, 50 ; March 1, 1744.* Kreiser, Casper, 154 ; Jan. 5, 1785. Reis, Nicholas, 100; Dec. 10, 1751. Leykan, Peter, 100 ; Nov. 26, 1737. Reis, Daniel, 100 ; Dec. 10, 1751. lycan, Andrew, 250; April 4, 1737. Rice, Daniel, 100 ; Nov. 23, 1761. Lowmiller, Henry, 60 ; April 30, 1766. Robinson, Thomas, 100 ; May 27, 1752. Leidich, John, 100 ; Nov. 14, 1774. Robinson, Samuel, 60 ; Oct. 5, 1752. McKown, John, 400; Jan. 9, 1736 (21^ years settled). Reynolds, George, 60 ; April 26, 1759. Mclntyer, John, 200; Feb. 26, 1736. Rosinberger, Erasmus, 120 ; Dec. 26, 1761. McNealy, Andrew, 200; Aug. 17, 1737 (18 months settled). Rude, Peter, 100; Aug. 9, 1765. McNealy, Michael, 260; Dec. 6, 1737. Rogers, James, 150; Nov. 19, 1766. Making, John, 200; Dec. 5, 1737 (3 years). Ribbeth, James, 200; March 1,1759.* McKnight, James, 100; March 14, 1737. Robinson, Thomas, 60; Nov. 14, 1767. Murphy, James, 300; March 21, 1737. Robinson, Philip, 100; Nov. 14, 1767. Murray, John, 300 ; Jan. 10, 1737. Beyer, John, 200 ; March 30, 1772. McCurry, John, 200 ; Jan. 10, 1737. Reychert, Jacob, 160 ; April 23, 1773. Means, John, 200 ; Jan. 12, 1737, " improved before August, 1732." Richards, Aquila, 76; Feb. 17, 1776. McHorter, Hugh, 200 ; Jan. 25, 1737. Richards, Samuel, 20 ; Feb. 17, 1775. McNearly, John, 500; Feb. 6, 1737. Reighart, Jacob, 30; July 5, 1784. ■Morgan, Wm., 300; Oct. 10, 1738, Sterratt, Samuel, 250; Feb. 22, 1737. McCullocli, Alex., 200; Dec. 20, 1742. Stewart, Lazarus, 300; " settled in 1731." McCurry, John, 20; Jan. 16, 1742. Sharpe, John, 100 ; Aug. 30, 1789. McOlure, John, 200; March 10, 1742/3. Sharpe, Thomas, 100 ; Aug. 30, 1739. Murray, James, 200; Jan. 28, 1743. Stewart, James, 150 ; Dec. 2, 1738. Murray, Robert, 200; Aug. 3, 1737. Shirley, Thomas, 100; March 2, 1743. McFarland, Walter, 200; March 1, 1737.* Sankey, Richard, 160; July 2, 1743, "from time of settlement t» McClure, Charles, 100; Feb. 22, 1744. Stewart, Peter, 100; Sept. 17, 1743. Maybin, Wm., 150 ; Feb. 26, 1744. Sissiny, Stephen, 160 ; Oct. 17, 1743. Murray, John, 25 ; March 1, 1744. Stewart, Lazarus, 200; Oct. 20, 1743. McKown, John, 200; March 6, 1746. Swan, Alexander, 150 ; March 1, 1737.* Mark, Kilian, 100; Sept. 21, 1749. Sypert, Francis, 100; Jan. 26, 1743/4. McMaoken, Andrew, 40; April 11, 1760. Steward, John, 160 ; May 26, 1744. Moyer, John, 100 ; April 11, 1750. Steward, James, 100 ; May 26, 1744. McAmy, William, 100 ; April 26, 1760. Sterrat, Samuel, 200 ; Feb. 26, 1745. McClenighan, Wm., 150; Oct. 26. 1760. Sterrett, James, 300 ; Nov. 23, 1747. McClure, Charles, 100; Nov. 19, 1760. Sloan, James, 200 ; March 1, 1740.* McCormick, Thomas, 100 ; June 7, 1749. Sloan, John, 100; Oct. 5, 1748. McCormick, Eliz., 100; June 7, 1749. Sloan, Samuel, 100; Nov. 26, 1748. McClure, Francis, 100; Feb. 26, 1763. Strain, John, 100 ; Oct. 25, 1749. McNett, Joseph, 60; Feb. 8, 1764. Strain, Thomas, 50 ; May 25, 1761. MoCreight, Anthony, 100; Feb. 26, 1754. Siese, Christopher, 60 ; May 25, 1761. GENERAL HISTORY. 29 Snowdy, Matthew, 100 j May 25, 1751. Stoltto, Wendel, 100; Dec. 10, 1751. Stultz, Jacob, 50; May 21, 1752. Sebel, John, 50 ; April 30, 1762. Smith, George, 100; Nov. 16, 1752. Sieg, Paul, 100 ; Dec. 8, 1752. Steward, Samuel, 100 ; May 17, 1764. Stuart, William, 200 ; March 1, 1758.* Stuart, Frances, 100; March 1, 1758.* Sturgeon, Thomas, 160 ; Not. 7, 1766. Steiglemau, Jacob, 50 ; June 8, 1774. Smiley, John, 200; June 23, 1768.* Stoner, John, 110 ; Dec. 6, 1774. Stewart, John, 180 ; March 4, 1775. Sherrick, Casper, 150 ; July 27, 1784. Strain, Elizabeth (widow of David), 87 ; Nov. 23, 1785. Thornton, Matthew, 200 ; March 14, 1737. Trotter, James, 200 ; Oct. 12, 1738. Tibbins, John, April 1, 1742. Tees, John, 200 ; March 1, 1738.* Thompson, Alexander, 100 ; Nov. 26, 1748. Todd, James, 100 ; Aug. 10, 1762. Taylor, John, 50 ; March 30, 1753. Taylor, Matthew, 100; March, 30, 1753. Thompson, John, 160 ; March 1, 1757.* Trusdel, William, 160 ; March 1, 1746.* Tittle, George, 210; March 1, 1766.* Todd, John, 100 ; April 4, 1780. Utzman, John, 160 ; April 10, 1762. J Woods, William, 300 ; May 16, 1738. White, John, 260 ; June 3, 1738. Williams, John, 300 ; Sept. 14, 1738. Wolfe, Philip, 200 ; Sept. 27, 1738. Wright, James, 300 ; Dec. 5, 1737. Wilson, David, 200 ; Deo. 6, 1744. White, Josiah, 300 ; Dec. 22, 1744. Weaver, Henry, iVs ; March 1, 1732.* Wilson, William, 350 ; Aug. 29, 1737. Williams, Isaac, 100 ; Aug. 2, 1760. Walmer, Peter, 100 ; Aug. 14, 1751. Woods, Andrew, 150; June 18, 1752. Wolf, Peter, 125 ; June 10, 1752. Wilson, James, 100; July 27, 1752. Waganaar, Adam, 60 ; June 22, 1754. Woods, Jane (widow of William), 150 ; Aug. 16, 1766. Woods, William (son of William), 150 ; Aug. 16, 1766. Woods, John, 160 ; March 1, 1766.* Wilson, James, 200; prior to 1768. Watson, William, 140 ; Oct. 22, 1766. Wilson, Joseph, 250 ; Oct. 30, 1766. Wolf, Peter, 200 ; June 2, 1768. Wallace, Benjamin, 600; Nov. 30, 1767. Ward, George, 150; Nov. 8, 1774. Walmer, George, 50 ; Nov. 24, 1774. Walker, Thomas, 150 ; March 14, 1775. Young, William, 250 ; Sept. 12, 1737. Young, Robert, 200 ; Nov. 27, 1740. Young, John, 200 ; Nov. 27, 1740. Young, William, 160; March 1,1749.* Young, James, 300 ; Aug. 27, 1766. Zug, Hans, 100 ; Feb. 21, 1764. WARRANTEES OF LAND IN LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP. Adams, Martin, 200 ; May 25, 1737. Boyd, Joseph, 100 ; Nov. 22, 1771. Bowman, John, 26 ; Nov. 11, 1772. Bernard, Peter, 50; March 31, 1774. Clendenln, John, 80; May 11,1770. Campbell, John, 40 ; Nov. 21, 1771. Clark, Walter, 200 ; March 23, 1774. Donaldson, James, 30 ; Sept. 6, 1773. , Eversole, Abraham, 25 ; April 27, 1776. Gibson, Daniel, 150; May 10, 1738. Groves, Jacob, 71 ; May 31, 1776. HoUaday, Sarah (wife of John), 50; Aug. 19, 1762. Irwin, John, 100; July 31,1745. Eetring, Valentine, 250 ; July 1, 1786. McCallen, Robert, 70; Jan. 7, 1771. McClintock, Alex., 75 ; Jan. 2, 1773. Miller, Abraham, 100 ; April 8, 1773. Nafeziger, Joseph, 12 ; March 24, 1774. Orth, Adam, 100 ; July 1, 1784. Patterson, James, 20 ; Aug. 19, 1746. Rushton, Job, 50 ; Aug. 9, 1745. Reynolds, George, 20; April 14, 1769, in trust for the use of the Lu- theran congregation in Lebanon township. Ruther, Conrad, came in 1728 with sons Conrad, Peter, and Joseph, all of full age; took up 600 acres in Leacock, the former by will, April 19, 1734. Raiguell, Abraham, 60; Jan. 30, 1776. • Wells, David, 50 ; Nov. 4, 1747. WARRANTEES OF LAND IN UPPER PAXTANG TOWNSHIP. Armstrong, Robert, 160; June 30, 1772. Bickel, Jacob, 100 ; June 23, 1773. Brandt, Simon, 50 ; Aug. 31, 1773. Brunsou, Barefoot, 100 ; Sept. 30, 1773. Becker, Philip, 150 ; Oct. 26, 1773, " on Armstrong's Creek." Bl£ick, Daniel, 200 ; Dec. 15, 1773, '* on the northwest side and on both sides of the Little Gap Run, near BerryV Mountain, about five miles from Susquehanna River." Bartram, George (of Philadelphia), 300; March 15, 1774. Bull, Anninns (of Philadelphia), 300; March 28, 1774. Bull, Ezekiel (of Philadelphia), 300; March 28, 1774. Bull, Henry (Bucks Co.), 300; March 28, 1774. Bull, William (Philadelphia), 300; March 28, 1774. Black, John, 160 ; May 10, 1773, " at the foot of Peter's Mountain." Brandon, James, 30; April 22, 1774. Bartleson, Henry (Philadelphia), 300; April 22, 1774. Bell, John, Sr. and Jr., 200 ; May 13, 1774 Bell, William, 300; May 19, 1774. Buchanan, James, 200 ; Jan. 26, 1776. Brown, John, 200 ; March 12, 1776. Buck, Elijah, 30 ; March 14, 1776. Bufflngton, Benjamin, 140 ; Feb. 7, 1786. BulBngton, George, 100; Feb. 7, 1786. Black, John, 60 ; July 29, 1786. Clark, Edward, 20; Dec. 14, 1772. Corbett, Peter, 50; June 2, 1773, "in Hunter's Narrows." Carmony, Joseph, 100 ; Sept. 15, 1773. Clark, .Toseph, 60 ; Jan. 31, 1774. Craimer, John, 46; Jan. 27, 1774. Crombach, Godfrey (Philadelphia), 300; April 23, 1774. Clark, William, 26 ; Dec. 29, 1774. Cochran, Samuel, 260 ; May 23, 1768.* Duncan, Margaret, 200 ; Oct, 29, 1772, " in the south side of Wiconisko Hill." Deibler, Michael, 125 ; Jan. 18, 1773. Deibler, Albreoht, 100 ; March 8, 1773, " in Wiconisco Valley. " Deibler, Michael, 300; March 8, 1773. Deittrick, Michael, 160; April 28, 1773, " on the Dry Run in Lycan's Valley." Diddle, Thomas, 275 ; July 6, 1774. Duddell, James A., 100; Nov. 24, 1774. Dill, Robert, 160; April 3, 1775. Duggan, Thomas, 100; April 16, 1775. Duncan, John, 300 ; Oct. 8, 1784. • Deibler, Matthias, Jr., 300 ; Oct. 8, 17?4. Enters, Philip, 100; March 27, 1770. Enderlein, Rev. Michael, 260 ; Oct. 16, 1773. Eaker, Peter, 300 ; Oct. 26, 1773. Ferree, Joel, 100 ; Feb. 16, 1773. Flori, David, 200; Nov. 10, 1773. Foulks, William, 115; March 24, 1774. Foster, Thomas, 20 ; June 28, 1774. Ferree, Isaac, 160; July 26, 1774. Frick, Jacob, 100 ; Aug. 17, 1774. Frick, John, 100; Aug. 17, 1774. Forster, Andrew, 200; Nov. 10, 1774. Forster, William, 110 ; Feb. 20, 1776. Forster, Stephen, 115 ; Feb. 20, 1775. Forster, James, 106 ; Feb. 20, 1775. Forster, Eliz., 100; March 14, 1775. Grosher, Jacob, 160 ; Feb. 13, 1755. 30 HISTOKY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Gilmore, Moses, 160; Nov. 27, 1772. Pulling, John (Phila.), 300 ; Nov. 23, 1773. Grosskopf, Michael, 126; March 1, 1771.* Paschall, Stephen (Phila,), 300 ; April 16, 1774. Galbraith, James, 100; Oct. 6, 1773. Penrose, Joseph (Phila,), 300; April 28, 1774. Gray, Samuel, 300; Nov. 23, 1773. . » Pickle, Frederick, Jr., 100; April 24, 1775. Gilmore, John, 60; Jan. 31, 1774. Rees, Fred. (Phila.), 50; July 14, 1773. Gray, William, 200; April 16, 1774. Rees, Deitrick (Phila.), 100; July 14, 1773. Garrigues, William (Philadelphia), 300 ; June 23, 1774. Bees, Martin (Phila.), 50 ; July 14, 1773. Gartner, George Adam, 200; Sept. 7, 1774. Reisch, Jacob, 100 ; Nov. 3, 1773. Gissler, Francis, 160; Oct. 17, 1774. Rahn, George (Phila.), 300 ; Nov. 24, 1773. Galbraith, Bartram, 300 ; Dec. 2, 1774. Rankin, Samuel, 30; Jan. 26, 1774. Garber, Jacob, 200; May 6, 1775. Richards, Aquilla, 200 ; March 28, 1774. Gunckle, Michael, 400; July 1, 1784. Rittenhouse, Matthias (Phila.), 300 ; March 28, 1774. • Hoffman, Peter, 60; Oct. 11, 1761. Eupple, Augustus (Phila.), 300 ; April 26, 1774. Hoffman, John (Berks), 30; March 26, 1773. Rush, William (Phila.), 300 ; April 26, 1774. Herman, David, 25; July 28, 1772. Robinson, Henry (Phila.), 300 ; April 26, 1774. Hook, John (Philadelphia), 300; Nov. 23, 1773. Robinson, William (Phila.), 300 ; June 23, 1774. Heller, Joseph, 250; Jan. 28, 1774. Regel, John Peter, 175 ; July 6, 1774. Humphrey, John (Philadelphia), 300 ; April 28, 1774. Regel, John Heinrich, 250 ; July 6, 1774. Hestine, Thomas (Philadelphia), 100; June 23, 1774. Robinson, Henry (Phila.), 200; Nov. 9, 1774. Heberling, Tost, 200 ; Oct, 12, 1774. Riggle, Andrew (Berks), 140 ; April 28, 1774. Halberstadt, John (Philadelphia), 60; Oct. 14, 1774. Beigle, Philip Adam, 200; Nov. 11, 1774. Hoffman, John (Berks), 100; Oct. 19, 1774. Eaiguel, Abraham, 260; Jan. 27, 1775. Hulinge, Marcus, 100 ; Dec. 15, 1774. Reed, John, 300; Feb. 14, 1776. Haines, Reuben, 150; Feb. 23, 1775. Reigel, Andrew, 100; March 20, 1775. Hain, Henry, 26; April 19, 1776. Raiguel, John Peter, 75; April 25, 1775. Hoffman, Nicholas, 200; Jan. 7, 1786. Rissenger, Michael, 320; Oct. 25, 1784. Hoffman, Christian, 100 ; Feb. 7, 1785. Reiter, William, 100 ; March 1, 1785. Huber, John, 100 ; March 24, 1785 Reiter, John, 200 ; March 1, 1785. Hoffman, Peter, Jr., 343 ; April 23, 1786. Schneider, Simon, 185 ; April 15, 1772. Irwin, Kobert (Philadelphia), 60; Oct. 26, 1774. Swinefurth, Albright, 100 ; Aug. 7, 1772. Ingram, William, 200; Dec. 2, 1784. Stonebrecker, Teterick, 50; Nov. 27, 1772. Jackson, Thomas (Cheater), 163 ; May 25, 1773. Scott, Mary, 200 ; Feb. 17, 1773; " on Simon Girty's run " Jones, Isaiah (Cumberland), 300; March 28, 1774. Strieker, Jacob, 100 ; April 13, 1773. Jones, Isaac, 100 ; July 26, 1774. Steinbrecker, Adam, 100 ; April 19, 1773. Johnston, William, 260; Jan. 26, 1775. Staehlio, John, 120 ; May 5, 1773. Kastler, John, 100 ; April 13, 1773. Shott, Jacob, 200 ; June, 7, 1773. Kahn, Daniel, 300; April 11, 1774. Shellujan, Ludwig, 150; Aug. 18, 1773. Kupper, George, 200 ; May 5, 1774. Shadle, George, 80; Sept. 21, 1773. Koble, Jacob, 200; July 1, 1784. Shadle, Michael, 40; Sept. 21, 1773. Kelso, William, 300 ; March 1, 1786. Shoemaker, Thomas (Phila.), 300; Nov. 24, 1773. Levy, Nathan, 160; Feb. 13, 1752. Schoop, John (Bucks), 100; Nov. 30, 1773. Lycans, Jane, 200 ; Feb. 7, 1765. Standley, William (Phila.), 300; March 28, 1774. Leman, Daniel, 300 ; Jan. 24, 1771. Sins, Nicholas, 160 ; April 22, 1774. Lee, Edward, 30 ; June 6, 1772. Smith, Dr. William (Phila.), 300 ; May 4, 1774. laidick, John, 100; July 14, 1773. Snyder, Christian, 150 ; May 27, 1774. Dark, Christopher, 200 ; Oct. 27, 1773. Shubart, Michael (Phila.), 160; June 27,1774. lytic, Joseph, 100; Nov. 8, 1773. Simpson, John, .135 ; June 30, 1774. lytle, John, 300; Nov. 22, 1773. Shutt, Ludwig, 70 ; Aug. 29, 1774. Lighty, Nicholas, 100 ; Feb. 15, 1774. Schneider, Abraham, 50; April 26, 1776. Lewis, Lewis (Northumberland), 200; June 10, 1774. Strieker, Jacob, 200 ; June 22, 1775. Lutz, Frederick, 100 ; Juno 27, 1774. Sallady, Michael, 250; Jan. 3, 1785. Laverty, Patrick, 100 ; July 27, 1774. Shellman, Ludwig, 200; Jan. 24,1786. Ludwig, Christopher (Philadelphia), 150; Dec. 8, 1774. Smith, John, 208 ; Feb. 14, 1785. Lester, John, 260; March 28, 1775. Snider, Leonard, 60 ; March 1, 1785. Landis, Peter, 50; Oct. 21, 1776. Tiblar, Michael, 300 ; June 16, 1767. Meetch, John, 200; March 1, 1752,* "joining Simon Girty's improve- Taggart, Ai-thur, 300; Jan. 2, 1773. ment." Taggart, Robert, 150 ; Jan. 2, 1773. Montgomery, Robert, 100 ; Oct. 24, 1765. Twells, David (Phila.), 250 ; Sept. 29, 1773. Montgomery, John, 200 ; Oct. 24, 1765. Tart, John (Pliila.), 300 ; Sept. 29, 1773. Murray, John, 200; April 2, 1767. Tart, John, Jr. (Phila.), 300; Sept. 29, 1773. McCuUough, Archibald, 100; Oct. 31, 1771, of Cecil Co., Md. Trotman, KHz. (Phila.), 300; March 28, 1774. Metz, Jacob, 200 ; Oct. 4,1773. Taylor, Samuel, 300 ; May 20, 1774. Meetch, J5hn, 100; Oct. 5, 1773. Taylor, Sarah, 60 ; Dec. 6, 1774. Mifflin, Jonathan (Phila.), 300 ; April 28, 1774. I'aylor, John, 222 ; July 26, 1766.* Miles, Samuel (Phila.), 300; April 26, 1774. Uhrlidig, Yalentine, 290 ; June 9, 1773. Martin, John, 200 ; May 19, 1774. Veeoh, James (Chester), 100; Nov. 26, 1774. Metzler, Henry, 100; Aug. 24, 1776. Warren, Joseph (Phila.), 260; Oct. 16, 1770. Morrow, Archibald (Chester), 100 ; Oct. 14, 1774. Walter, John (Berks), 100 ; March 26, 1773. Miller, Nicholas, 160; Nov. 18, 1774. Way, Jacob (Chester), 200 ; May 26, 1773. McElreath, Joseph (Chester), 100; Nov. 26, 1774. Way, Benjamin (Chester), 200 ; May 25, 1773. Minick, John, 200 ; Oct. 17, 1786. Way, Lydia (Chester), 300 ; Sept. 24, 1773. Newberry, Israel (Phila.), 300; March 28, 1774. Woodside, Jonathan, 176; Nov. 9-, 1773. Newberry, Henry (Phila.), 300; March 28,1774, Woodside, James. Orram, Thomas, 260 ; Oct. 6, 1773. Williams, Frances (Phila.), 300 ; Nov. 23, 1773. Park, Robert, 200 ; May 26, 1773. Ward, Susannah' (Phila.), 160 ; Nov. 23, 1773. Pickle, Frederick, 300; Sept. 15, 1773. Woodrow, Simeon (Phila.), 100; Deo. 8, 1773. Pertch, George, 100 ; Oct. 17, 1770. Williams, Daniel (Phila.), 300; April 6, 1774. GENERAL HISTORY. 31 Waggoner, Adam (Phila.), 200 ; April 11, 1774. ■WilHams, Bnnion (Phila.), 260 ; April 16, 1774. Williams, Edward (Phila.), 300 ; April 16, 1774. WatBon, Wm. (Phila.), 300 ; April 26, 1774. Weaver, Nicholas (Phila.), 300; April 26, 1774. Wilson, Charles (Phila.), 200 ; April 26, 1774. Williams, Edward (Phila.), 400 ; April 26, 1774. , Wolf, Daniel, 100 ; April 29, 177-1. Wirt, John Adam, 300 ; June 6, 1774. Waggoner, Adam, 60; June 8, 1774. Waggoner, Jacob, 50 ; Nov. 21, 1774. Walker, Benjamin, 300; Jan. 27, 1775. Welker, Michael, 200; Teh. 14, 1775. Wilson, James, Esq., 200; June 15, 1767.* Winagard, Lazarus, 100; Jan. 27, 1785. Winagard, Lazarus, Jr., 400 ; Jan. 27, 1785. Willar, Peter, 300; March 11, 1788. Young, David, 60 ; Sept. 4, 1774. It is not to be denied that the Proprietaries had a great deal of trouble with their land. The fact is there were too many " original purchasers," and these seem to have had privileges and advantages which no settler had, and the land-office was for many years in a state of confusion. The following letter from Thomas Penn, one of the Proprietaries, to Secretary Logan, is of valued reference in this connection. The paper was indorsed " Terms for ye Donegalliahs," but as will be seen were to apply to the townships north of Donegal, — Paxtang, Hanover, Derry, and Lebanon, and is dated "Philada., 23d Jany, 1733." " Loving Friend : On the Receipt of thy Letter & paper read to the Inhabitants of Doiinegall, & perusal of them, I found the proposals ■were disadvantageous to us, & began to Consider the reasons for grant- ing to those people their Lands at a Rate much more moderate than other persons generally pay. 'Tis true some of them applyed to the Commissioners before their Settlement, whereas others went without thinking that formality Necessary, but there they have been settled 12 or 15 Tears, have paid no Consideration for that favour, neither think they ought. All y't can give them room to expect an answer agreeable to their Inclinations must be from the Services their old Friend may have done them, with me joyned to thy Endeavours, for the Speedy Stle't of their Estates, which all reasonable men would have been uneasy should have been so long delay'd y't have made any Valuable Improvements on the Land, " For my Last answer to any applyca^ions from that Township, I do agree that the Inhabitants sliall have their Choice of these 3 proposals: "Either to pay 16 : 15 & one ShiUing a Hund. @ Quitrent. 15 : & 2 Shillings Quitrent. 6 : 10 & 1 penny Sterl. an acre. "The persons must make Choice before the Ist Day of March next which of these terms they choose to Comply with, & the Consideration ■money must be that Day paid, or Interest for the Delay, which will be expected shall not be long. The Quitrent commences from the 1st Day of March next, pursuant to which I desire requests may be drawn upp, and when thou Shalt know how the people shall choose, I desire to be acquainted therewith." On the 24th of January, Thomas Penn writes to Secretary Logan on the same subject : " LovlNa Fkiend : Having Considered the terms I am willing to offer to the Inhabitants of the Townships under thy Care North of Donnegal, as the people are generally unable to pay money, I shall agree that from the iirst Day of March next, three years & a half shall be allowed them to provide 16£ 10 Shil. for each hundred acres, and that no Inter- est shall, at the expiration of that time, be demanded for the Delay; that one-half penny an acre, Sterl. money, shall be reserved^ for the quitrent, & that no persons who shall hereafter settle on the Lands m Tour County shall be entituled to any such Length of time, but that all persons settling without proper authority shall be removed in such manner as the Law directs." The wanton destruction, or carelessness, referable to the county officials of Lancaster, extending over one hundred and fifty years, prevents us from fur- nishing more interesting facts relating to the coming of the early settlers. Were the assessment-lists in existence from 1730 to the present time positive in- formation could be obtained as to date of settlement, the year of removal, as also those of birth and death. About the year 1740 the influx of Scotch-Irish was so great that family after family removed down the ; valley to the Potomac, and beyond to Virginia and ; the Carolinas, and this tide of emigration was one '• continued stream until the thunders of the Bevolu- tion checked emigration to America. They can be ] traced from their resting-place among their relations and friends in the townships of Paxtang, Hanover, and Derry to their descendants of the present day, who are prominent among the representative people of the South. The assessment-lists of some of the townships referred to for certain years prior to 1760 contain double the number of names found later on, showing how like bees they swarmed out from the parent hive and sought other, and perchance, more congenial localities. The " act for erecting the upper part of the Prov- ince of Pennsylvania lying towards Susquehannah, Conestogue, Donegal, etc., into a county," became a law on the 10th of May, 1729, and recites as follows : " Wheeeas, a great number of the Inhabitatita of the Upper Parts of Chester County have by their Petition liumbly represented to the Gov- ernor and Assembly of the Province, the great Hardships they lie under by being at so great a Distance from the Town of Chester, where the Courts of Justice are held, and the Public offices kept ; and how hard and difficult it is for the Sober and quiet Inhabitants of that part of the County to secure themselves against the Thefts and Abuses almost dayly committed upon them by Idle and dissolute persons, who resort to the remote parts of the Province, and by reason of the great Distance from a Court or Prison, do frequently find means of making their escape; For the removing which inconveniency, and Relief of the said Inhab- itants, " Be it enacted by the Honourable Patrick Gordon, Esq'., Governour of the Province of Pennsylvania, &c., by & with the advice and consent of the Freemen of the said Province, in General Assembly met, and by the Authority of the same, That all and singular the Lands within the Province of Pennsilvania, lying to the Northward of Octoraro Creek, and to the Westward of a Line of marked Trees, running from the North Branch of the said Octoraro Creek, Nortli-Easterly to the Kivt-r Schuylkill, Be erected into a County, and the same is hereby erected into a County named, & from henceforth to be called Lancaster county; And the said Octoraro Creek, the Line of marked Trees, and the Biver Schuylkill, aforesaid, shall be the boundary Line of Division between the said County and the Countys of Chester and Philadelphia.' " And be it further enacted hy the authority aforesaid, That the said County of Lancaster, shall have and enjoy all and singular the Jurisdic- tions, Powers, Rights, Liberties, Privileges & Immunities whatsoever, which any other County within the Province of Pennsilvania doth, may or ought to enjoy, by any Charter of Privileges, or the Laws of this Province, or by any other Ways or means whatsoever, excepting only in the numberof Representatives to serve in the General Assembly of this Province, in which case, it is hereby provided and enacted by the au- thority aforesaid, that, until it shall be otherwise ordered by the Gov- ernor and Assembly of this Province, the Freemen and Inhabitants of the said county, qualified by the' Laws of this Province to elect, shall annually meet at or near the Court House of the said County, at the same time the other Counties of this Province shall meet for such like Purposes, or at such place where the Courts shall be held, until such Codrt House shall be erected, and there preceed to choose Inspec- 32 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. tors, and to elect four Representativea or Delegates to serve them in As- sembly, in the same manner, as by the said Charter and Laws of this Province is directed : which said four Representatives, when so chosen, shall be Members of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, and sit and act as such, as fully and freely, as any of the Representatives for the other Counties within this Province do, may, can, or ought to do. " And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid^ Thatall Taxes al- ready laid within the bounds of the said County of Lancaster, by an Act of General Assembly of this Province, which are not already paid, shall be collected by the respective collectors within the bounds aforesaid, and paid into the hands of the Treasurer of Chester County ; and that all persons concerned in the Levying, receiving and paying the said Taxes shall have the same Power and Authority, and be under the same penal- ties and Restrictions, for the Collecting and paying the same, as by the said acts, by which the said Taxes were assessed, are expressed and directed, until the whole be collected and paid as aforesaid. *^ Andheil furtlter enacted by the authority aforesaid^ That the several Courts of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace and Gaol Delivery, and the Courts of Common Pleas for the said County of Lancaster, shall be holden and kept on the first Tuesday in the months of February^ May, August and November, in every year, at some proper place within the said County, until a convenient Court House shall be built ; and when the same is built and erected in the county aforesaid, the said several Courts shall then be holden and kept at the said Court House on the Days be- forementioned : And the Election of Representatives to serve in General Assembly, Assessors and all other officers of the said County, who are or shall be appointed to be annually elected, shall he made and elected at or near the said Court House, at the same time and in the same manner, as by the Charter of Privileges and Laws of the Province of Pennsyl- vania, is directed to be done in the otherCountiesof thisProvince. And it shall be lawful for the Freemen of the said County for the first year, to choose three persons for Commissioners for raising County Rates and Levies for the said County. " And be it further enacted by theauthorijy aforesaid, That it shall and may be lawful to and for Caleb Pierce, John Wright, Thomas EdnjDords, and James Mitchell, or any three of them, to purchase and take assurance to them and their Heirs, of a Piece of land, situate in some convenient place in the said County, to be approved by the Goveru'r in Trust and for the use of the said County, and thereon to erect and build, or cause to be erected and built, a Court House and Prison, suflBcient to accom- modate the Publick Service of the s'd County, for the Ease and conve- niency of the Inhabitants. " And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That for the De- fraying the Charges of purchasing the Land, Building and Erecting the Court House and Piison aforesaid, it shall and may be Lawful to and for the Commissioners and Assessors of the said County, or a Majority of them, who are hereby required to Assess and Levy so much money as the Trustees, or any three of them, shall judge necessary for pur- chasing the Land and finishing the said Court House and Prison. Pro- vided always. The sum of money so raised do not exceed Three Hundred Paimda, Current Money of the Province. " Provid£d always, and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That no action or suit now commenced and depending in the county of Chester, against any Person living within the Bounds of the said County of Lancaster,, shall be stayed or discontinued by this Act, or by any- thing herein contained, but the same actions already commenced or de- pending, may be prosecuted, and Judgment thereupon rendered, as if this act had not been made, and that it shall and may be lawful for the Justices of Chester County to Issue any Judicial Process, to be directed to the Sheriff of Lancaster County, for carrying on and obtaining the Effect of their Suits; which Sheriff shall be obliged to yield obedience in Executing of the said writs, and make due return before the Justices of the Court of the said County of Chester, as if the Parties had been living and residing within the same." The machinery of the new county was soon in operation, but, as had previously been the case in the old county of Chester, political matters were warm, the contest being between the Scotch-Irish and the Quakers, the latter determined to preserve their supremacy, and having in a great measure the aid of the Germans, especially that portion who were of the Mennonite persuasion. In 1731 the political canvass was violent, the candidates being Andrew Galbraith and John Wright, the former a Scotch-Irishman, the latter an English Quaker. Galbraith was elected, and for several years continued to be returned to the Assembly. Notwithstandi'ng the previous sales and transfers of land in Pennsylvania, the Five Nations continued to lay claim to the greater portion of the Province east of the Susquehanna and all lands adjoining.' In the summer of 1736 the sachems or chiefs of these nations held a great council at Onondaga, in the Province of New York, and as the old claims had not as yet been adjusted, they resolved that an end should be put to all disputes connected with it. They accordingly appointed their sachems or chiefs with plenary powers to repair to Philadelphia, and there, among other things, settle and adjust all demands and claims connected with the Susquehanna and the adjoining lands. On their arrival at Philadelphia they renewed old treaties of friendship, and on the 11th of October, 1736, made a deed to John Penn, Thomas Penn^ and Kichard Penn, their heirs, succes- sors, and assigns. The deed was signed by twenty- three Indian chiefs of the Onondaga, Seneca, Oneida, and Tuscarora nations, granted the Penns"all the said river Susquehanna, with the lands lying on both sides thereof, to extend eastward as far as the heads of the branches or springs which run into the said Susquehanna, and all the lands lying on the west side of the said river to the setting of the sun, and to ex- tend from the mouth of the said river northward, up the same to the hills or mountains, called in the lan- guage of said nations Tayamentasachta, and by the Delaware Indians the Kekachtannin hills." Thus were the claims of the Indians upon the lands of this part of Pennsylvania relinquished to the Proprie- taries, nevertheless surveys had been authorized to be made, and had actually been made west of the Sus- quehanna prior to 1780 by both the Governor of Maryland and the Governor of Pennsylvania. The last-recited deed comprised all that lay within the limits of the Cumberland Valley and the counties of Adams and York, except that portion north of the Kittochtinny, or Blue Mountain, constituting the northern part of Dauphin and the whole of Perry and Bedford. That portion in Dauphin, north of the Kittochtinny Mountain, was purchased, including a larger tract of country, in 1749. The deed of Aug. 22, 1749, is as follows : " We, Canasatago, Sataganachly, Kanalshyiacayon. and Canechwadee. ron, sachems or chiefs of the Indian nation, called Onontagers, Cayan- ookea, Kanatsany-Agash Taes, Caruchianachaqui, sachems or chiefs of thelndiannationcalledSinickei-s. Peter On tachsax and Christian Diary- hogon, sachems or chiefs of the Indian nation called the Mohocks ■ Saria- tagnoah, Watshatuhon, and Anuchnaxqna, sachems or chiefs of the In- dian nation called the Oneyders; Tawis-Tawis, Kaohnoarnaseha, and Takachquontas, sachems or chiefs of the Indian nation called Cayinkets- Tyierox, Balichwanonach-shy, sachems or chiefs of the Indian nation called the TuscororowjIachnechdorus,Sagogukhiathon,andCaohnaora. katack-k6,sachemsorchiefsof the Indian nation called theShomokon In- diane ; Nutimus and Qualpaghach, sachems or chiefs of the Indian nation called theDelawares; and Bachsiuosa, sachem or chief of the Indilnna- A DRAUGHT OF LANCASTER COUNTY IN 1730, GENERAL HISTORY. 33 tion called the Shawanese, in consideration of £500, grant, sell, &c., all that tract or parcel of land lying and being within thefoUowinglimits and bounds, and thus described : Beginning at the hills or mountains called in the language of the Eive Nation Indians Tyanuntasachta, or Endless Hills, and by the Delaware Indians Ketactany Hills, on the east side of the river Susquehanna, being in the northwest line or boundary of the tract of laud formerly purchased by the said proprietaries from the said Indian nations, by their deed of the 11th of October, 1736; and from thence running up the said river by the several courses thereof to the first of the nearest mountains to the north side or mouth of the creek, called in the language of the said Five Nation Indians Oantagug, and in the language of the Delaware Indians Maghonioy, and from thence extending by a direct or straight line to be run from the said mountain on the north side of said creek to the main branch of Delaware River at the north side of the creek Lechawachsein, and from thence across Lechawachsein creek aforesaid down the river Delaware by the several courses thereof to the Kekachtany Hills aforesaid, and from thence by the range of said hills to the place pf beginning, as more fully appears liy a map annexed ; and also all the parts of the rivers Susquehannah and Delaware from shore to shore whirh are opposite said lands, and all the Islands in said rivers, <&c." The death of Thomas Lindley, in 1743, who had served in the Assembly for several years, gave rise to another political commotion in Lancaster County. The same year an election was held to fill the vacancy, and the contest was exceedingly bitter. The Scotch- Irish compelled the sheriff to receive such tickets as they approved, and make a return accordingly. This was not what the Quakers, or those in their interests, were willing to permit. That was a right they reserved to themselves. They were not willing to allow the privilege of free suffrage to the former. The Assembly investigated the subject, and resolutions were adopted by that body as follows : " Benolved, That the sheriff having assumed upon himself the power of being sole judge at the late election, exclusive of the inspectoiB chosen by the farmers of the said county of Lancaster, is illegal, unwarrantable, and an infringement of the liberties of the people of the Province ; that it gave just cause for discontentment to the inhabitants of said county ; that if any disturbances followed thereupon, it is justly imputed to his own misconduct. " Baolved, That the sheriff of Lancaster County be admonished by the speaker." The sheriff attended, and being admonished, prom- ised that he " would take care and keep the law in future." He thereupon altered the returns to suit the political managers at that time, allowing Samuel Blunston to take his seat. 'It was an unwarranted assumption of power, and the poor frontiersmen were thus outrageously deprived of their proper represen- tation. The Germans about this time began to look to their rights as well as their interests, and they determined to maintain these with firmness. The influence of their Scotch-Irish neighbors was beginning to be felt, and as a consequence feared by the Assembly. The other class of Germans who were allied to the Qua- kers were not in sympathy with the Lutheran, Re- formed, and Eoman Catbolic Germans. Hence trou- bles arose and serious disturbance at the polls. Of course, it was the "turbulent Irish" of the New Eng- land historians, and the Proprietaries, to settle the matter, or rather to take sides with the political dem- agogues who controlled the law-making power of the 3 Provincial government, directed, after the organiza- tion of the counties of York and Cumberland, "that their agents should sell no more lands in York and Lancaster counties to the [Scotch] -Irish, and to make advantageous overtures to the [Scotch] -Irish settlers in Paxtang, Swatara, and Donegal townships to induce them to remove to Cumberland County.'' The offer was an exceedingly liberal one, a:nd some few accepted it where it was to their advantage, but that hardy and determined race were not to be so easily swerved from their duty. They remained, save those who desired to follow the fortunes and foot- steps of their friends westward of the Susquehanna. As events subsequently proved, it is well they did not accept the spider's invitation to the fly. By direction of the Provincial Government a road or highway was laid out in 1733 from the Schuylkill River through Chester County to the town of Lancas- ter. " At a Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, held at Lancaster for the county of Lan- caster the first day of May, in the twelfth year of his Majesty's Reign, Anno Dom. 1739, before John Wright, Tobias Hendricks, Thomas Edwards, Samuel Jones, Andrew Galbreath, Edward Smout, Thomas Lindley, Anthony Shaw, Samuel Boyd, James Arm- strong, and Emanuel Carpenter, Esqrs., justices of our Lord the King, the peace of our said Lord the King in the county aforesaid to keep as also divers Felo- neys. Trespasses, and other Misdeeds in the said County committed to hear & Determine assigned ;" and then and there the following order was made : " Lancastee County, as. : " At a Court of General Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace, held at Lancaster for the county of Lancaster the iirst day of May, in the twelfth Tear of his Majesty's Reign, Anno Dom. 1739, Before John Wright, Tobias Hendricks, Thomas Edwards, Samuel Jones, [Seal.] Andrew Galbreath, Edward Smout, Thomas Lindley, An- thony Shaw, Samuel Boyd, James Armstrong, and Emanuel Carpenter, Esqrs., Justices bf our Lord the King, the peace of our said Lord the King in the Coupty aforesaid to Keep as also divers Feloneys, /Trespasses, and other Misdeeds in the said County Committed to hear & determine assigned. "Pursuant to several orders of the Court, after views and reviews of a road from Susquehannah Kiver at John Harris's Ferry to the Town of Lancaster, the same was at length settled and agreed upon according to the several Courses and Distances following, viz. : Beginning at a Locust Tree by the Side of the said Eiver near the said Harrises House ; thence South eighty-three degrees Easterly 106 pa. to Paxtang Creek ; thence North 73 D». E'. 60 p». ; then S. 73 D». E'. 48 p«, ; So. 44 D". Et. 20 p". ; S. 88 D". E'. 22 p«., then S. 76 D". E'. 140 p". ; then N. 85 D>. E'. 267 p". to John Forsters Fence ; from thence down the said Fence South 86 D"; E'. 66 p>. ; then East 54 p".; thence N. 70 D». E'. 20p".; then N. 83 D". E«. 60 p'.; thence S. 35 D: E'. 804 p>. ; then S. 24 D". ». 112 ps. ; then S. 50 p». to William Henick'e.run ; then S. 64 D». E«. 190 p". ; then S. 49 D». E'. 40 p' to the corner of Adam Bratten's Fence ; then S. 80 D^. E'. 58 ps, ; then S. 64 D». E'. 246 p». ; thence S. 50 D». E'. 46 p». ; then S. 42 D». E'. 72 p". ; thence S. 55 D«. E'. 102 p». ; thence S. 64 D'. E'. 40 p". through William Craig's Field ; then S. 70 D». B'. 20 p" ; then S. 83 D". E'. 108 p«. ; thence S. 50 D". East 240 p». ; then S. 66 D«l E«. 90 p«. ; then S. 65 E'. 16 p«. 16 p».; then S. 60 D". E«. 120 p». to Suatarro Creek ; then S. 73 D". E<. 130 p". ; then S. 45 D' E'. 52 p». ; then S. 36 D». E'. 52 p". ; then S. 63 D». Et. 86 p». ; thence S. 66 D». E'. 18 p'. ; then S. 40 D'. E«. 174 p». ; then S. 77 Ds. B'. 46 p". ; then S. 40 D». E«. 20 p". ; then S. 52 D». E'. 62 p'. ; then S. 36 J)'. E'. 80 p". ; then S,, 53 D». B'. 79 p». ; then S. 40 D". E'. 70 p". ; then S. 46 D". B'. 84 p". ; then S. 81 D". E'. 62 p' ; thence S. 60 D«. B'. 44 p^.; then S. 47 D". E'. 28 p». ; then S. 41 D». B'. 60 p"., to John Powell's House ; thence South forty-five degrees Easterly two hundred ninety-six 34 HISTOEY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. perches ; thence South fifty-seven degrees Easterly forty-four perches ; then south forty degrees Easterly nine perches, across Oonewaago Creek ; thence South twenty-four degrees Easterly thirty-four perches ; thence South fifty-five degrees Easterly one hundred and six perches; then S. 81 Da. E*. 28 p»., S". 63 D^, E*. 32 p«., So. 22 W. 20 p"., S". 39 D^. E*. 8 pa. to the turn of the Hill ; thence So. 76 D^. W. 50 p^.; then S°. 67 D". W. 74 p«. ; then S". 87 D^. Et. 16 p" ; then N. 84 Db. E*. 50 p". ; then N. 86 J)'- W. 40 p". ; then S. 75 E*. 58 pa. ; then S. 46 !)«. E*. 42 p«. ; then S. 49 E*. 40 ps. ; then S. 77 T>'. E*. 62 p^. to Thomas Harris's house; thence S. 25 B8. Et. 144 ps. ; thence S. 52 B". E'. 206 p^ " The within is a true Copy of the Records in my office at Lancaster. "Edw'd. Shippen, " Clkr Some time in the year 1744, John Armstrong, a trader among the Indians residing on the Susque- hanna above Peter's Mountain, on the east side of the river, with two of his servants or men, namely James Smith and Woodworth. Arnold, was murdered by an Indian of the Delaware tribe named Musemee- lin, on the Juniata River. Seven white men and five Indians went in search of the bodies of those mur- dered; after some search found and buried them. The murderer was afterwards apprehended, and de- livered up by his own nation, and imprisoned at Lan- caster, whence he was removed to Philadelphia, lest he should escape, or his trial and execution produce an unfavorable impression on his countrymen about to assemble for a conference with the whites at Lan- caster. The Governor directed or required that the property of Armstrong should be returned to his family. He also invited a deputation to attend the trial of Musemeelin, and his execution, if found guilty. The following deposition of the men who went in search of the remains of the murdered, was certified to before James Armstrong, one of his majesty's justices of the peace for the County of Lancaster, dated at Paxtang, 19tb day of April, 1744: " The deposition of the subscribers testifieth and eaith, that the sub- scribers having a suspicion that John Armstrong, trader, together with two men, James Smith and Woodwath Arnold, were murdered by the Indians. They met at the house of Joseph Chambers, in Paxtang, and there consulted to go to Shamokin, to consult with the Delaware King and Shickcalimy, and there council what they should do concerning the affair, whereupon.. the King and Council ordered eight of their men to go with the deponenta to the house of James Berry, in order to go in quest of the murdered persons, but that night they came to the said Berry's house, three of the eight Indians ran away, and the next morn- ing these deponents, with the five Indians that remained, set out on their journey peaceably to the last supposed sleeping- place of the de- ceased, and upon their arrival these deponents dispersed themselves in order to find out the corpse of the deceased, and one of the deponents named James Berry, a small distance from the aforesaid sleeping-place, came to a white-oak-tree, which had three notches on it, and close by said tree he found a shoulder-boae, which the deponent does suppose to be John Armstrong's, and that he himself was eating by the Indians, which he carried to the aforesaid sleeping-place, and showed it to his companions, one of whom handed it to the said five Indians to know what bone it was, and they, after passing different sentiments upon it, handed it to a Delaware Indian who was suspected by the deponents, and they testify and say that as soon as the Indian took the bone in his hand, his nose gushed out with blood, and directly handed it to another. From whence these deponents steered along a path about three or four miles to the NaiTows of Juniata, where they suspected the murder to have been committed, and where the Allegheny road crosses the creek, these deponents sat down, in order to consult on what measures to take in order to proceed on a discovery. "Whereupon most tff the white men, these deponents, crossed the creek again, and went down the creek, and crossed into an island, where these deponents had intelligence the corpse had been thrown; and there they met the rest of the white men and Indians, who were in company, and there consulted to go further down the creek in quest of the corpse, and these deponents further say, they ordered the Indians to go down the creek on the other side; but they all followed these depo- nents at a small distance, except one Indian who crossed the creek again; and soon after these deponents seeing some Bald eagles and other fowls, suspected the corpse to be thereabouts; and then lost sight of the Indians, and immediatel; found one of the corpse, which these deponents say was the corpse of James Smith, one of said Armstrong's men ; and directly upon finding the corpse these deponents heard three shots of guns, which they had great reason to think were the Indians, their companions, who had deserted from them ; and in order to let them know that they had found the corpse these deponents fired three guns, but to no purpose, for they never saw the Indians any more. And about a quarter of a mile further down the creek, they saw more Bald eagles, whereupon they made down towards the place, where they found another corpse (being the corpse of Woodworth Arnold, the other servant of said Armstrong) lying on a rock, and then went to the former sleeping-place, where they had appointed to meet the Indians, but saw no Indians, only that the Indians had been there and cooked some victuals for themselves, and had gone oS. "And that night, the deponents further say, they had great reason to suspect that the Indians were then thereabouts, and intended to do them some damage; for a dog these deponents had with them barked that night, which was remarkable, for the said dog had not barked all the time they were out till that night, nor ever since, which occasioned these deponents to stand upon their guard behind the trees, with their guns cocked that night. Next morning these deponents went hack to the corpses, which they found to be barbarously and inhumanly mur- dered by very gashed, deep cuts on their hands with a tomahawk or such like weapon, which had sunk into their skulls and brains; and in one of the corpses there appeared a hole in bis skull near the cut, which was supposed to be with a tomahawk, which hole, these deponents do believe to be a bullet-hole. And these deponents, after taking a partic- ular view of the corpses, as their melancholy condition would admit, they buried them as decently as their circumstances would allow, and returned home to Paxtang, the Allegheny road to John Harris', think- ing it dangerous to return the same way they went out. And further these deponents say not. "Alexander Armstrong, "Thomas McKee, "Francis Ellis, "John Fforsteh, "William Baseins, " "James Berry, "John Watts, "James Armstrong, " David Denny." The firs^t signer was a brother of the murdered man, and resided on the river above Armstrong's Creek. He addressed a letter to Allummapees,^ king 1 Allummapees, or Sassoonan, was hereditary king of the Delawares, and originally resided on the Delaware Eiver until after the Indians signed the release for the lands between that river and the Susquehanna in 1718, when he removed to Shamokin, now Sunbury. On the 18th of September, 1718, Allummapees was at the head of a delegation of In- dian chieftains at Philadelphia, who signed an absolute release to the Proprietaries for all the "land situated between the rivers Delaware and the Susquehannah from Duck Creek to the mountains on this side of Lechay." The name signed to the deed was Sassoonan. On the 18th of April, 1728, the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania « Ordered, that three match coats be given to James Le Tort and John Scull, to be by them delivered to Allummapees, Mi*s. Montour and Manawhyhickon. and that a proper message be drawn up that the Indians may be in- duced to discover what they know touching" certain reports of an in- tended hostility on the part of some of tho Western Indians, in which the name of Madame Montour and Manawhyhickon was mixed up. On July 4th, Allummapees and other Indians arrived in Philadelphia and on the 5th called the attention of the Council to the settlement of the Palatines on the Tulpehocken lands, which Allummapees asserted were not included in the deed made on the 18th of September 1718 On investigation it appeared that the settlements were made by permis- sion of the late Governor, Sir William Keith ; but by the advice of James GENERAL HISTORY. 35 of the Delawares, then at Shamokin, touching the death of his brother and some threats made by some Delaware Indians upon his life : Logan the Indians consented to wait till such time as the matter could be adjusted. On the 10th of the following October Allummapees and other chiefs arrived in Philadelphia and spent two days in friendly council, Aug. 4, 1731, Governor Gordon delivered a written message to the Council, in which he said "that such frequent complaints of late had been made of the abuses committed by carrying large quantities of rum amongst the Indians, that it would be neceHsary for the Legisla- ture to take the same into their consideration and to provide a remedy to so great an evil; that to this pernicious liquor a late unhappy acci- dent in the chief family of our Delaware Indians had been In a great measure owing, viz.: the death of Shackatawlin, whom Saasoonan, his uncle, had in a fit of drunkenness killed." On the 20th of August, 1736, Allummapees and twenty-four other In- dians came to Philadelphia. He said " they were not come on any par- ticular business, or to treat about anything of importance, but only to pay a friendly visit," It appeared in the course of the interview that Allummapees was then an old man. On the 3d of October, 1738, Allummapees, " with divers of their an- cient men," and other old and young Indians, came to Philadelphia to visit Governor Thomas Penn. Being called into the Council, he, in be- half of himself and his people said, " That when he was at his own house, he heard his brother, the Governor, was arrived in this country, and thereupon he resolved to come to Philadelphia to visit him, and that now he was glad to see him. His brother, the Proprietor, had told him he should come once a year to visit him, and that he was come on hear- ing of the Governor's arrival and was glad to see him in good health." He then presented three bundles of deer skins, which he said were a trifle and of little value, hut he had no more, and desired the Gover- nor to accept them to make him gloves. The next day the Governor presented Allummapees " a match-coat, laced with silver, and a silver- laced hat." J On the 1st of August, 1740, Allummapees, with sundry Delaware and Mingo Indians, held a council with the government in the Quaker meet- ing-house in Philadelphia. Allummapees in his address said, " I tell you we came from Allegheny, a long way off." And again he said, "Your young men have killed so many deer, beavers, hears, and game of all sorts, that we can hardly find any for ourselves; therefore, we desire that your people would abstain from hunting, that we may have the benefit of it to support ourselves, for God has made us hunters, and the white people have other ways of living without, that. I have brought down my gun and my ax broken as we have no smith living among us and I hope you will get them mended for me. Brother Thomas Penn and Gnvernor, we have brought you one hundred good buckskins, and not one doeskin among them. Brethren, I have said a great deal ; I am now grown old, so that I could hardly come down to you for want of a horse, and I have been sometimes obliged to borrow one." Although Allummapees' name appears as present on the 9th and 12th of July, 1742, at the treaty held in Philadelphia, there is no evidence of his taking any part in the business, and this appears to have been his last visit to Philadelphia. In the spring of 1743, Allummapees being unable to travel, sent a message to the Governor by Sachsidowa, who delivered it on the 22d of April. At the period of the murder of Armstrong, information was sent to Council that Allummapees was ill. June the 4th, 1745, Bishop Spangenberg wrote: "We also visited Allummapees, the hereditary King of the Indians. His sister's sons are either dead or worthless, hence it is not known on whom the King- dom will descend. He is very old, almost blind, and very poor; but withal has still power over and is beloved by his people, and is a friend of the English."* A year later Conrad Weiser writes : "Allummapees has no successor of his relatives, and will hear of none as long as he lives;" and on Sent 27 1747, he writes from Tulpehocken : "lunderstand that AUum- 'mapees is dead ; I cannot say I am sure of it;" and October 15th he writes: "Allummapees is dead." Notwithstanding these statements in regard to his having no succes- sor he had a great-grandson three years of age when he died. John Montour's mother, the first wife of Andrew Montour, was a grand- daughter of Allummapees. The evidence of this is as follows : " On the 20th [of April, 1756,] the Indians had a long conference with the Gov- '* Paxtang, ye 25th April, 1744. "To AUumoppies, King of the Delawares: Great Sir, as a parcel of our men have murdered my brother and two of his men, I wrote you, knowing you to be a king of justice, that you will send us io all the murderers and the men that were with them. As I looked for the corpse of my murdered brother; for that reason your men threaten my life, and I cannot live in my house. Now, as we have no inclination or mind to go to war with you, our friends, as a friend I desire that you will keep your men from doing me harm, and also to send the mur- derers and their companions. " I expect an answer ; and am your much hurt friend and brother, "Alexanoer Armstrong." The atrocity of this murder was so aggravating that a Provincial Council was held, and it was re- solved that Conrad Weiser, the Provincial inter- preter and Indian agent, should be sent to Shamokin to make demands in the name of the Governor for some others concerned in the murder. The following extracts give a detailed account of all the circum- stances : " At a council held April 25, 1744, The Governor, George Thomas, laid before the Board a letter dated April 22, 1744, from Mr. Cookson, at Lan- caster, purporting that John Armstrong, an Indian trader, with his two servants, Woodworth Arnold and James Smith, had been murdered at Juniata by three Delaware Indians, and that John Musemcelin and Johnson, of Neshalleeny, two of the Indians concerned in the murder, had been seized by the order of Shickcalamy and the other Indian chiefs at Shamokin and sent under a guard of Indians to be delivered up to justice ; that one was actually delivered up in jail at Lancaster, but the other had made his escape from the persons to whose care he was committed. " flis honor then sent to the Chief Justice to consult him about the steps proper to be takon to bring the Indian to his trial, but as he was absent at a Court of Oyer and Terminer in Bucks county, it was the opinion of the Board that the Indian, Musemeelin, should be immedi- ately removed to Philadelphia jail, and that Conrad Weiser should be immediately dispatched to the chiefs of the Delaware Indians at Sha- mokin to make a peremptory demand in his honor^i name of the other murderers concerned, and that Shickcalamy and the other Indians there do order immediate search to be made for the goods of which the deceased was robbed, in order to their being put into the hands of his brother for the satisfaction of his creditors or the support of his family. And at the same time to inform them that the chiefs of the Indians which shall meet at Lancaster on the treaty with our neighboring gov- ernments will be desired to depute some of their number to be present at the trial and at the execution of such as shall be found guilty." Conrad Weiser was accordingly sent to Shamokin. He writes in his journal, Shamokin, May 2, 1744: "This day I delivered the Governor's message to AUumoppies the Delaware chief, and the rest of Delaware Indians in the presence of Shickcalamy and a few more of the Six Nations. The purport of which was, that I was sent express by the Governor and Council to demand those that had been concerned with Musemeelin in murdering John Armstrong, Woodworth Arnold, and James Smith; that their bodies might be searched for, and decently buried ; that the goods be likewise found and restored without fraud. It was delivered them by me in the Mohawk language, and interpreted into Delaware by Andrew, Madame Montour's son." In the afternoon Allummappees, in the presence of the aforesaid Indians, made the following answers : emor. They put Andrew Montour's children under his care, as well the three that are to be here independent of the mother as a boy of twelve years old, that he had by a former wife, a Delaware, a grand- daughter of Allummapees." — Col. Bec.^ vii. 95. This John Montour held a captain's commission in the Revolutionary war, and served with credit in the West under Col. Daniel Brodhead. He must not be con- founded with John Montour, the son of Queen Catharine, who adhered to the Crown. 36 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. "Brother, the Governor: It is true that we, the Delaware Indians, by the instigation of the evil spirit, have murdered Jaa. Armstrong and his men; we have transgressed, and we are ashamed to look up. We have taken the murderer and delivered him to the relations of the deceased, to be dealt with according to hia works. "Brother, the Governor: Your demand for the guard is very just; we have gathered some of them ; we will do the utmost of what we can to find them all. We do not doubt but we can find out the most part, and whatever is wanting, we will make up with skins, which is what the guard are sent for to the woods. "Brother, the Governor: The dead bodies are buried. It is certain that John Armstrong was buried by the murderer, and the other two by those that searched for them, Our hearts are in mourning, and we are in a dismal condition, and cannot say anything at present." Then Shickcalamy with the rest of the Indians of the Six Nations there present said: "Brother, the Governor — We have been all misin- formed on both sides about the unhappy accident. Musemeelin has certainly murdered the three white men himself, and upon his bare ac- cusation of Neshaleeny's sou, which was nothing but spite, the said Neshaleeny's son was seized, and made a prisoner. Our cousins, the Delaware Indians, being then drunk, in particular Allumoppiea, never examined things, but made an innocent person prisoner, which gave a great deal of disturbance amongst us. However the two prisoners were sent, and by the way in going down the river they stopped at the house of James Berry; James told the young man, ' I am sorry to see you in such a condition, I have known you from a boy, and always loved you.' Then the young man seemed to be very much struck to the heart, aud said,*! have said nothing yet, but I will tell all, let all the Indians come up, and the white people also, they shall hear it.' And then told Musemeelin in the presence of the people: ' Now I am going to die for your wickedness; you have killed all the three white men. I never did intend to kill any of them.' The Musemeelin in anger said: ' It is true, I have killed them ; I am a man, you are a coward ; it is a great satis- faction to me to have killed them ; I will die with joy for having killed a great rogue and his companions.' Upon which the young man was set at liberty by the Indians. "We desire therefore our brother, tlie Governor, will rtot insist to have either of the two young men in prison or condemned to die: it is not with Indians as with white people, to put people in prison on suspicion or trifles. Indians must first be found gbilty of a crime, then judgment is given and immediately executed. We will give you faithfully all the particulars ; and at the ensuing treaty entirely satisfy you ; in the mean time, we desire that good friendship and harmony continue; and that we may live long together, is the hearty desire of your brethren, the Indians of the United Six Nations present at Shamokin." The following is what Shickcalamy declared to be the truth of the story concerning the murder of John Armstrong, Woodworth Arnold,' and James Smith from the beginning to the end, to wit: *' That Musemeelin owing some skins to John Armstrong, the said Armstrong seized a horse of the said Musemeelin and a rifled gun ; the gun was taken by James Smith, deceased. Some time last winter Mu- semeelin met Armstrong on the river Juniata, and paid all but twenty shillings, for which he offered a neck-belt in pawn to Armstrong and demanded his horse, and James Armstrong refused it and would not deliver up the horse but enlarged the debt, as his usual custom was, and after some quarrel the Indian went away in great anger without his horse to his hunting cabin. Some time after this, Armstrong with his two companions in their way to Ohio passed by the said Musemee- lin's hunting cabin, his wife only being at home demanded the horse of Armstrong because he was her proper goods, but did not get him. Armstrong had by this time sold or lent the horse to James Berry ; after Musemeelin came from huuting his wife told him that Armstrong was gone by, and that she had demanded the horse of him but did not get him— and as is thought pressed him to pursue and take revenge of Armstrong. The third day in the morning after James Armstrong was gone by, Musemeelin said to the two young men that hunted with him come let us go towards the Great Hills to hunt bears ; accordingly they went all three in company ; after they had gone a good way Musemee- lin who was foremost was told by the two young men that they were out of their course. Come you along said Musemeelin, and they ac- cordingly followed him-till they came to the path that leads to the Ohio. Then Musemeelin told them he had a good mind to go and fetch his horse back from Armstrong, and desired the two young men to come along; accordingly they went. It was then almost night, and they tra- Telled till next morning. Musemeelin said, now they are not far off. "We will make ouraeives black, then they will be frightened and will deliver up the horse immediately, and I will tell Jack that if he don't give me the horse I will kill him, and wheu he said so he laughed. The ypung men thought he joked as he used to do. They did not blacken themselves but he did. When the sun was above the trees, or about an hour high, they all came to the fii-e wliere they found Jamea Smith sitting, and they also sat down. Musemeelin asked where Jack was? Smith told him that he was gone to clear the road a little. Mu- semeelin said he wanted to speak with him, and went that way, and after he had gone a little distance from the fire he said something and looked back laughing, but he having a thick throat and his speech be- ing very bad, and their talking with Smith hindered them from under- standing what he said they did not mind it. They being hungry, Smith told them to kill some turtles, of which there werfe plenty, and we would make some bread, and by and by they would all eat together. While they were talking they heard a gun go off not far off, at which time Woodworth Arnold was killed as they learned afterwards. "Soon after Musemeelin came back and said, why did you not kill that white man according as I bid you, I have laid the other two down ? At this they were surprised, and one of the young men, commonly called Jimmy, run away to the riverside. Musemeelin said to the other how will you do to kill Catawbas, if you cannot kill white men ? You cowards, I'll show you how you must do ! ai^d then taking up the Eng- lish axe that lay there, he struck it three times into Smith's head before he died. Smith neverstiri'ed. Then he told the young Indian to call the other; but he was so terrified he could not call. Musemeelin then went and fetched him, and said to him that two of the white men were killed, he must go now and kill the third, then each of them would have killed one. But neither of them dare venture to talk anything about it. Then he pressed them to go along with him — he went foremost; then one of the young men told the other as they went along, my friend, don't you kill any of the white people, let him do what he will ; I have not killed Smith, he has done it himself; We have no need to do such a barbarous thing. Musemeelin being theft agood way before them in a hurry,they soon saw John Armstrong sitting upon an old log. Musemeelin spoke to him and said. Where is my horse? Armstrong made answer and said, He will come by and by ; you shall have him, I want him now, said Musemeelin. Armstrong answered, You shall have him. Come, let us go to that fire, — which was at some distance from the place where Arm- strong sat, — and let us talk and smoke together. Go along, then, said Musemeelin. I am coming, said Armstrong, do you go before; Muse- meelin, do you go foremost. Armstrong looked then like a dead man, and went towards the fire and was immediately shot in his back by Musemeelin and fell. Musemeelin then took his hatchet and struck it into Armstrong's head, and said, Give me my horse, I tell you. By this time one of the young men had fled again that had gone away before, but he returned in a short time. Musemeelin then told the young men they must not offer to (Jiscover or tell a word about what had been done for their lives, but they must help him to bury Jack, and the other two were to be thrown into the river. After that was done, Musemeelin ordered them to load the hoi-ses and follow towards the hill, where they intended to hide the goods ; accordingly they did, and as they were going Musemeelin told them that as there were a great many Indians hunting about that place, if they should happen to meet with any, they must be killed to prevent betraying them. As they went along, Musemeelin going before, the two young men agreed to run away as soon as they could meet with any Indians, and not to hurt any body. They came to the desired place, the horses were unloaded, and Musemeelin opened the bundles, and offered the two young men each a parcel of goods. They told him that as they had already sold their skins, and everybody knew they had nothing, they would certainly be charged with a black action, were they to bring any goods to the town, and therefore they would not accept of any, but promised, nevertheless, not to betray him. Now, says Musemeelin, I know what you were talking about when you stayed so far behind. " The two young men being in great danger of losing their lives— of which they had been much afraid all that day— accepted of what he offered to them, and the rest of the goods they put in a heap and covered them from the rain, and then went to their hunting caj)in. Musemeelin unexpectedly finding two or three more Indians there, laid down his goods, and said he had killed Jack Armstrong and taken pay for his horse, and should any of them discover it, that person he would like- wise kill ; but otherwise they might all take a part of the goods. The young man called Jimmy went away to Shamokin after Musemeelin was gone to bury the goods with three more Indians, with whom he had prevailed; one of them was Neshaleeny's son, whom he had ordered to kill James Smith, but these Indians would not have any of the goods Some time after the young Indian had been jn Shamokin, it was whis- pered about that some of the Delaware Indians had killed Armstrong GENERAL HISTORY. 37 and his men. A drunken Indian came to one of the Tudolous houses at night and told the man of the house that he could tell him a piece of bad news. What is that? said the other. The drunken man said, some of our Delaware Indians have killed Armstrong and his men, which, if our chiefs should not resent, and take them up, I will kill them myself to prevent a disturbance between us and the white people, our brother. Next morning Shickcalamy and some other Indians of the Delawares were called to assist AUumoppies in council. When Shickcalamy and Allumoppies got one of the Tudolous Indians to write a letter to me to desireme to come to Shamokin in all haste, that the Indians were much disriatisfled in mind. Tins letter was brought to my house by four Del- aware Indians sent express; but I was then in Philadelphia, and when I Ciime borne and found all particulars mentioned in this letter, and that none of the Indians of the Six Nations had been down, I did not care to meddle with Delaware Indian affairs, and stayed at home till I received the Governor's orders to go, which was about two weeks after. Allumop- pies was advised by his council to employ a conjwer, or, as they called it, to find out tlie murderer. Accordingly he did, and the Indians met, the Seer being busy all night, told them in the morning to examine sucli and such an one, they were present when Armstrong was killed, naming tlie two young men. Musemeelin was present. Accordingly AUumop- pies, Quitheyquent, and Thomas Green, an Indian, went to him that had fled first and examined him; he tuld the whole story very freely ; then they went to the other, but he would not say a word, but wont away and left him. The three Indians returned to Shickcalamy and informed them of what discovery they had made, when it was agreed to secure tlie murderers, and deliver them np to the white people. Then a great noise arose among the Delaware Indians, and some were afraid of their lives, and went into the woods. Not one cared to meddle with Muse- meelin and the other that could not be prevailed on to discover anything, because of the resentment of their families; but they being pressed by Shictccalamy's son to secure the murderers, othei-wise they would bo cut off from the chain of friendship. Four or five of the Delawares made Musemeelin and the other young man prisoners, and tied them both. Tliey lay twenty-l'our hours, and none would venture to conduct them down, because of the great division among the Delaware Indians. And Allumoppies, in danger of being killed, fled to Shickcalamy and begged his protection. At last Shiclccalamy's son.. Jack, went to the Delawares, most of them being drunk, as they had been for several days, and told them to deliver tlie prisoners to Alexander Armstrong, and they were afraid to do it. They might separate their heads from their bodies and lay them in the canoe, and carry them to Alexander to roast and eat them, that would satisfy bis revenge as he wants to eat Indians. They prevailed with the said Jack to assist tliem, and accordingly he and his brother and some of the Delawares went with two canoes and carried them off." Conrad Weiser, in a letter to a friend, dated Heidel- berg, 1746, adverts to an interesting incident which occurred at the conclusion of this interview at Sham- okin. He says, — "Two years ago I was sent by the Governor to Shamokin, on account of the unhappy death of John Armstong, the Indian trader (17^). After I had performed my errand, there was a feast prepared, to which the Governor's messengers were invited; there were about one hundred persons present, to whom, after we had in great silence devoured a fat bear, the eldest of the chiefs made a speech, in which he said : 'That by a great misfortune thr^e of the brethren, the ivhiis men, had been killed by an Indian ; that nevertheless the sun was not set (meaning there was no war), it had only been somewhat darkened by a small cloud, which was now done away ; he that had done evil was like to be punished, and the land remain in peace; therefore, he exhorted his people to thank- fulness to God ;' and, therefore, he began to sing with an awful solemnity but without expressing any words; the others accompanied him with great earnestness of fervor, spoke these words, 'Thanks, thanks be to thee thou great Lord of the world, in that thou hast again caused the sun to shine, and hast dispersed the dark cloud; the Indians are thine.'" From this time on, for a peripd of ten years, we hear of no Indian outrages. The Indian referred to was not, as should have been done, tried and executed. The murder of Armstrong was an atrocious one, and the offender should have been promptly dealt with. Like escaped murderers in these days, he was lionized by "certain parties," and subsequently returned to his wigwam, from which in after-years he emanated when some scalping party or bloody fray was inaugu- rated. In 1745 that pious Moravian, Bishop Spangenberg, in company with two other members of the mission board of the church, undertook a journey to Onon- daga to treat with the Six Nations for permission for the Moravian Indians to remove to Wyoming. From his notes of travel, as his route lay through the north- ern part of Dauphin County, we make such extracts as may be of local interest. The party set out from Bethlehem on the 24th of May. On the 30th, at Tul- pehocken, Conrad Weiser and his two sons joined them. Spangenberg then continues, — " . . . After travelling ten miles we came to the Kittatinny Hills,^ which are high and rocky, and difficult for horses to climb. On reaching the top we came to Pilger Euh,'' where we dismounted and rested. After descending we entered Anton's Wilderness,' where we pitched our first tents, built a fire, pastured our horses, par- took of a light supper, and retired to rest. Our course to-day was northwest. "May 31st. Arose early, looked up our horses, took a little breakfast, and then continued our journey in the name of God, our Saviour. Brother Meurer and Nicke returned to Tulpehocken with letters to Mary Spangenberg, at Bethlehem. After passing the Great Swatara we climbed the Thurnstein,* a high mountain, rocky and almost impassable for horses. On the high summit we refreshed ourselves at Erd- muth's Spring,^ which flows through the valleys until it empties into the Susquehanna. We were four hours in crossing the mountain. At Ludwig's Euh," at the foot of the mountain, we nooned. Here Laurel Creek' flows past. After dinner our course was northwest. We passed through Anna's Valley,' beautiful and pleasing to the eyes, which lies in among the hills. 1 Written also KecWcaclitany and Kitlochtmny,—ia Delaware signifying endless hills. 2 " Pilgrims' Rest," a plain on the top of the mountain. The passage of the mountain was effected at the Great Swatara Gap, called Toliheo by the Indians, cornipted into " The Hole." 3 Anthony's Wilderness is noted on Lewis Evans' map of 1749. It included the valley through which runs Stony Creek. It was named for Anthony Seyfert, one of the nine colonists whom Spangenberg led to Georgia in 1736, where the Moravians proposed establishing themselves with a view of commencing missions among the Creeks and Chero- kees. * Peter's Mountain. It has been stated that this name was given to it by Conrad Weiser, in honor of Zinzendorf, when guiding him to Shamokin in 1742. This is certainly a mistake. As early as 1725, Peter Allen was located at the foot of that mountain, near the Susquehanna, and in 1729 it was thus named, and undoubtedly for him. 6 The headwaters of Wiconisco Creek, named in honor of the Countess Brdmuth, the first wife of Zinzendorf. 6 Lewis' Kest, in Wiconisco township, Dauphin County. Zinzendorf ,was often familiarly called Brother Ludwig by the Moravians. 1 A branch of the Mahantango, noted on Lewis Evans' map of 1749. 8 Named in honor of Anna Nitschman, who accompanied Zinzendorf to Shamokin i 1742. It is what is now so widely known as Lykens Valley. 38 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. At the Double Eagle,' on Benigna's Creek,^ we passed the night." After their stay at Onondaga, about ten days, Spang- enberg and his party began their return journey on the 29th of June. On the 10th of July they had reached the Double Eagle, on Mahantango Creek. The journal thus concludes : "... Here we found encamped a family of Indi- ans, who, on learning from whence we had come, said we must be tired, and the man said to his wife, 'Give them some spits full of venison.' In return, Bro. Spangenberg gave them knives and thimbles. Nooned at Benigna's Creek, and at nightfall came to the Thurnstein. As we were leading our horses down, Bro. Spangenberg, who was in advance, heard the rattle of a rattlesnake and called to us to come and kill it, but it could not be found. Encamped at the base of the Thurnstein on the Swatara. "July 11. Our course was southeast. We early entered 'Anton's Wilderness,' thence over the Kitta- tinny Mountain, and nooned on the Little Swatara. From thence we proceeded to Christopher Wei- ser's." The year 1740 is remarkable in the annals of Penn- sylvania for the labors of the celebrated enthusiastic itinerant Whitefield. He landed at Lewistown in November, 1739, and soon after came to Philadelphia. His arrival disturbed the religious harmony which had hitherto prevailed. He drew to himself many followers from all denominations, who, influenced by the energy of his manner, the thunder of his voice, and his flowing eloquence, were ready to subscribe his unnatural and incomprehensible faith, professing their willingness to endure eternal damnation that they might be forever saved. His disciples were chiefly the illiterate and uninformed, who made up in zeal what they lacked in knowledge. Their num- ber seems to have awed the journalists, who would not venture to correct the misstatements of his friends without an apology for interference. Like most re- formers, he turned the force of his artillery against the amusements and pleasures of society. He visited the Susquehanna, and remained some time in and about Harris' Ferry, pteaching repeatedly to the people, who flocked from all quarters to hear him. Many of the settlers neglected the cultivation of their farms, and their fields were left unsown. Parson Elder, Mr. Harris, and others remonstrated with them on their improvidence, but ineffectually, and the consequences were likely to prove serious, since not a few at the end of the season found themselves in want. It may be interesting to know the value of produce at this period : 1 The Spread Eagle is noted ou Scnll'a map of 1754. 2 The Mahantango or Kind Oreelt. Zinzendorf, on his way to Sbamoliin, gave it this name in honor of his daughter, the Countess Benigna. 8. d. Barley, per bus 2 6 Wheat, " 3 , Corn, " ; 2 6 Ba£on, per lb 6 One Sheep 7 6 Butter, per lb 6 Flax, " 6 Salt, per bus 5 6 *' Stiliing," per bus 1 8 " One Buck-skin" 18 Beef, per lb 1% Rice, " 2 The prices of wearing material at the same period give our readers some idea of the "ways of the world" in the days of our forefathers, and the follow- ing may interest many of our readers, especially as the prices refer to ladies' wear : £ ». d. For making a gown 3 For a Bonnet 11 11 Shalloon, for a petticoat 9 4 Hnen, 25iyd8 3 6 Cloak Dressing 3 One pair of Shoes 5 6 2>^ yds. of Linsey at 2s. 8(i. per yd 6 8 Footing a pair of Stockings 10 2 Handkerchiefs 4 6 One stick of Bobbin 6 3 yds. of Flan'l at 2s. lOd 8 6 65^ yds. Coarse Cloth at 1«. SA per yd 8 7}^ Making 2 shifts and 1 petticoat and 2 Aprons. 16 For taffety & a ribon and sowing silk 7 ^ paper of pins at 9d....'. 4J^ ij^ yds. Calico at 38. 3d. per yd 4 10>^ For a pattern of a Gown 12 Check for Apron 4 A Comb. 6 1 yd. of Lawn at 88, Od 8 In 1747 there were great fears of an invasion of the frontiers of Pennsylvania by the French and their Indian allies. The inhabitants mustered for their de- fense, and two associated regiments were formed in Lancaster County, one on the east, the other on the west side of the Susquehanna. Of the regiment organized east of the river, fifteen of the eightieen companies were raised within the present limits of Dauphin and Lebanon Counties. They were in truth " a fighting people," were strong in defense of their rights, and in true loyalty and patriotism ' were not equaled by any settlement in the colonies of America. The officers were : Lieutenant- Colonel. James Galbraith, of Derry. Major. Robert Baker, of Paxtang. Captain — Hugh Patrick. Lieutenant — Thomas McDowell. Ensign — Thomas Grubb. Captains — James Gillespie, — to lieutenant-colonel of regiment for West End (Cumberland Valley) of Lancaster County. John Harris, from Ensign Aug. 4, 1748. Lieutenant — James Gilchrist. Ensign — Samuel Jemison. Captain — Gabriel Davis. Lieutenant — Robert Ellis. Ensign — Edward Davis, Jr. Captain — Samuel Crawford. Lieutenant — William Rowland. Ensign — Eichard McDonald. GENERAL HISTORY. 39 Captain — Andrew Gregg. Lieutenant — William Crawford, i Ensign — Samuel Simpson. Captain — James Snodgrass. Lieutenant — John Alexander. Ensign — John Snodgrass. Captain — James Galbraith, Jr. Lieutenant — James Sample. Ensign — John Harris, to captain Aug. 4, 1748. Captain — John Smith. Lieutenant — William Orum. Ensign — Joseph C . Captain — Adam Reed. Lieutenant — John Crawford. Ensign — John Young. Captain — John McEwen. Lieutenant — James Anderson. Ensign — James Finney. Captain — David McClure. Lieutenant — -Thomas Foster. Ensign — -Andrew Boggs. Captain — James Armstrong. Lieute?iant — Alexander Armstrong. Ensign — John Dougherty: Captain — Thomas McKee. Lieutenant — Robert Smith. Ensign — William Baskins. Captain — James Graham. Lieutenant — John Purrins. Ensign — William McMullin. Captain — Robert Baker. Lieutenant — William Mitchell. Ensign — Henry Rennick. In the years 1751 and 1752 the cereal crops were very abundant, as we find by the following from the Chronicon Ephratensis. These years were followed by a season of scarceness from 1753 to 1755, and upon this came the Indian war. The Ephrata Chronicle says, — "The years 1751 and 1752 have been so fruitful in wheat and other grain that men in wanton careless- ness sought to waste the supply; for the precious wheat, which might have supported many poor, they used to fatten hogs which afterwards they consumed in their suniptuousness. Besides, distilleries were erected everywhere, and thus this great blessing was turned into strong drink, which gave rise to much disorder." Emigration to Pennsylvania was continually on the increase, and by reference to the early warrantees and such assessment-lists as have come down to us, it will be seen that there was a continual stream of Scotch-Irish settlers, who halted a while among their friends and former neighbors in Paxtang, Hanover, and Derry, from whence they followed the tide of migration into the beautiful and fertile valleys to the southward. Homes— permanent homes— were being built, and the hardy pioneer was beginning to look for his reward from the broad acres which began to delight his eye, and the dreams of years were about to be realized when, like a demon of desolation, came the atrocious border wars from 1754 to 1764. CHAPTER IV. The French and Indian War — Petition of the Inhabitants fov Protection ^Braddoclt's Expedition — The Atrocities of the Savages — Correapoud- euce of John Harris and others relating to the Frontiers. Theee were few Indian outrages committed within the limits of Dauphin County prior to 1755. The in- habitants, however, were, owing to several murders on the Potomac in Virginia and on the frontiers of Cumberland County, becoming very uneasy. They had little faith in the friendship of the Indians, and they apprehended war, knowing full well the influ- ence of the French over the savages, and whose davilish propensities needed but little prompting to have them desolate the pioneer homes of Pennsylva- nia. On the 22d of July, 1754, the following petition was laid before the Governor of the Province : The humble petition of the inhabitants of the townships of Pextang, Derry, and Hanover, Lancaster Co., humbly showeth that your petition- ers, being settled on and near the river Susquehanna, apprehend them- selves in great danger from the French and French Indians, as it is in their power several times in the year to transport themselves, with am- unition, artillery, and every necessary, down the said river; and their conduct of late to the neighboring provinces increases our dread of a speedy visit from them, as we are as near and convenient as the prov- vinces already attacked, and are less capable of defending ourselves, ag we are unprovided with arms and amunition and unable to purchase them. A great number are warm and active in these parts for the de- fense of themselves and country were they enabled so to do (although not such a number as would be ablo to withstand the enemy). We, your petitioners, therefore humbly pray that your Honor would take our distressed condition into consideration and make such provision for us as may prevent ourselves and families from being destroyed and ruined by such a cruel enemy ; and your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray. Thomas Forster, Jeremiah Sturgeon, James Armstrong, Thomas King, John Harris, Eobert Smith, Thomas Simpson, Adam Beed, Samuel Simpson, John Crawford, John Carson, Thomas Crawford, David Shields, John McClure, William McMuUen, Thomas Hume, John Coit, Thomas Steene, William Armstrong, John Hume, James Armstrong, John Craig, William Bell, Thomas McClure, John Daugherty, William McClure, James Atkins, John Kodgers, Andrew Cochran, James Peterson, James Eeed, John Young, Thomas Eutherford, Ez. Sankey, T. McCarter, John Forster, William Steel, Mitchell Graham, Samuel Hunter, James Toalen, Thomas Mays, James Galbreath, James Color, James Campbel, Henry Eenicks, Eobert Boyd, Eich. McClure, James Chambers, Thomas Dugan, Eobert Armstrong, John Johnson, John Campbell, Peter Fleming, Hugh Black, Thomas Sturgeon, Thomas Black. Matthew Taylor, 40 HISTOHy OF. DAUPHIN COUNTY. An alarming crisis was at hand. The French, now hovering around the great lakes,' sedulously applied themselves to seduce the Indians from their allegiance to the English. The Shawanese had already joined them ; the Delawares waited only for an opportunity to revenge their wrongs ; and of the Six Nations, the Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas were wavering. To keep the Indians in favor of the Province required much cunning diplomacy and expensive presents. In this alarming juncture the old. flame of civil dissen- sion burst out with increased force. The presents to the Indians, with the erection of a line of forts along the frontier, and the maintenance of a military force, drew heavily upon the provincial purse. The As- sembly, the popular branch, urged that the Proprie- tary estates should be taxed, as well as those of hum- ble individuals. The Proprietaries, through their deputies, refused, and pleaded prerogative, charter, and law ; the Assembly in turn pleaded equity, com- mon danger, and common benefit, requiring a coA- mon expense. The Proprietaries offered bounties in lands yet to be conquered from the Indians, and the privilege of issuing more paper money ; the Assem- bly wanted something more tangible. The Assembly passed laws, laying taxes, and granting supplies, but annexing conditions ; the Governors opposed the con- ditions, but were willing to aid the Assembly in taxing the people, but not the Proprietaries. Here were the germs of revolution, not fully matured until twenty years later. In the mean time the frontiers were left /exposed, while these' frivolous disputes continued. /The pacific principles, too, of the Quakers, and Dunk- ' ards, and Mennonites, and Schwenkfelders, came in to complicate the strife; but as the danger increased, they prudently kept aloof from public ofiice, leaving the management of the war to sects less scrupulous. The pulpit and the press were deeply involved in the discussion, and the population was divided into oppo- sing factions upon this question. In his message to the Assembly in August, 1754, the Governor says, " The people of the upper parts of Lancaster County are so apprehensive of danger at this critical juncture from the nearness of French and savages under their infiuence, that the principal in- habitants have in the most earnest manner, petitioned me to provide for their protection ; representing withal, that a great number would be warm and active in defense of themselves and their country, were they enabled so to be, by being supplied with arms and ammunition, which many of them are unable to pur- chase at their own private expense. The substance of these several petitions, which I shall likewise order to be laid before you, appears to me, gentlemen, to be of the greatest importance, and well worthy of your most serious attention. You may be assured that nothing which depends on me shall be wanting towards affording them the protection they desire; but you cannot at the same time but be sensible how little it is in my power to answer their expectations without the aid of your house. It becomes then my indispensable duty, and I cannot on any account whatever, excuse myself from pressing you to turn your thoughts on the defenseless state of the Prov- ince in general, as well as of our back inhabitants in particular ; and to provide such means for the security of the whole, as shall be thought at once both rea- sonable and effectual to the ends proposed ; in which, as in every other matter, consistent with my honor, and the trust reposed in me, I promise you my hearty concurrence." It soon became known that many of the savages, heretofore "friendly Indians," were disaffected, and fa- vored the French interests in the West, ready to aid them in their schemes. The government of the Provinces of Pennsylvania and Virginia were there- fore anxious not only to have the continued friend-^ ship of those who still professed to be friendly, but, if possible, to regain the friendship of the disaffected. For that purpose Conrad Weiser was sent, in the month of September, 1754, to Aughwick, where George Croghan, the Indian agent, had quite a num- ber of different tribes under his care. Notwithstand- ing that Mr. Weiser, as the agent of the government,' did all iti his power, aided by liberal donations of money, to secure the continued friendly assistance of the Indians, murders were committed by the Indians ; and the inhabitants of the frontiers were all in a panic. At this juncture, the English government became alarmed, and at length determined to put an end to French encroachments, French intrigues, and French-Indian atrocities. Several of the royal regi- ments were sent to America, in command of whom was Maj.-Gen. Edward Braddock. This army arrived from England early in March, 1755, landing at Alex- andria, in Virginia, whence they marched to Fred- ericktown, in Maryland, preparatory to the contem- plated expedition against Fort Duquesne, on the Ohio. The place of debarkation was selected with that ignorance and want of judgment which distin- guished the British ministry. That Province could furnish neither provisions nor carriages for the army, while Pennsylvania, rich in grain and well stocked with wagons, could readily supply food and the means to transport the army to any point. The Pro- vincial Assembly, apprehending the general to be prejudiced against them, sent Benjamin Franklin to undeceive him, with instructions, however, not to as- sume the character of their agent, but to present him- self as postmaster-general, disposed to make his office subservient to the general's plans. While Franklin was with the army a return of the wagons obtainable was made, from which it appeared that there were not more than twenty-five, and not all of those ser- viceable. Braddock was surprised, declared the ex- pedition at an end, and exclaimed against the minis- ters for having sent them into a country destitute of the means of transportation. On Franklin express- ing his regret that the army had not been landed in GENERAL HISTORY. 41 Pennsylvania, where such means abounded, Braddock eagerly seized on his words, and commissioned him, on liberal terms, to procure one hundred and fifty wagons and fifteen hundred pack-horses. Franklin, on his return, circulated advertisements through the counties of York, Lancaster, and Cumberland, and by an artful address obtained, in two weeks, all the wagons, two hundred and fifty pack-horses, and much popularity for himself. He stated in his address that he found the general ineensed at the delay of the horses and carriages he had expected from Philadel- phia, and disposed to send an armed force to seize the carriages, horses, and drivers necessary for the service, but that he, apprehending the visit of British soldiers in their present temper would be very inconvenient to the inhabitants, was desirous to try what might be done by fair and equitable means, and that an oppor- tunity was now presented of obtaining thirty thou- sand pounds in silver and gold, which would supply the deficiency of the Provincial currency. He ex- pended eight hundred pounds received from the gen- eral, advanced two hundred pounds himself, and gave his bonds for the payment of the value of such horses as should be lost in the service, the owners refusing to rely upon Braddock's promise, alleging that he was unknown to them. The claims made against him in consequence of this engagement amounted to twenty thousand pounds, and were not settled by the govern- ment until after much delay and trouble.^ Gen. Braddock removed his army to a post on Wills' Creek, since called Fort Cumberland, where he awaited the wagons and other necessary supplies from Penn- sylvania. From this place, confident of success, he informed the Governors of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, that, should he take Fort Duquesne in its present condition, he would, after some additions, garrison it, and leave there the guns, ammunition, and stores he should find in it. But, should the enemy abandon and destroy the fortifications, as he apprehended, he would repair the fort, or construct another. In the latter case he required the necessary means of defense to be furnished by the colonies, and to be forwarded immediately, that he might not be delayed in his progress to Forts Niagara and Frontig- nac ; he also gave information of the enemy's inten- tion to attack the frontier settlements as soon as he should have marched beyond them. On the 8th of June Gen. Braddock left Fort Cum- berland. Scarooyadi, successor to the Half-King of the Senecas, and Monacatootha, whose acquaintance Washington had made on the Ohio on his mission to Le Bceuf, with about one hundred and fifty Indians, Seneca's and Delawares, accompanied him. George Croghan, the Indian agent of Pennsylvania, and a frontiersman of great value called the " Wild Hun- ter" or Captain Jack, were also with him. The first brigade, under Sir Peter Hilkett, led the way, and on > History of Pennsylvania, by Dr. Egle. the 9th the main body followed. From that date until the 7th of July following the army had only reached the eastern branch of Bushy Kun, called Turtle Creek, and the place of encampment was a short distance northerly of the present village of Stewartsville, Westmoreland Co. It was Gen. Brad- dock's intention to cross Turtle Creek, and approach Fort Duquesne on the other side; but the banks were so precipitous, and presented such obstacles to crossing with his artillery and heav}' baggage, that he hesitated, and Sir John St. Clair went out with a party to reconnoitre. On his return, before night, he reported that he had found the ridge which led to Fort Duquesne, but that considerable work would be necessary to prepare a road for crossing Turtle Creek. This route was finally abandoned, and on the 8th the army marched eight miles, and encamped not far from the Monongahela, west of the Youghidgheny, and near what is called, on Scull's map, "Sugar Run." When Braddock reached this place, it was his design to pass through the narrows, but he was informed by the guide, who had been sent out to explore, that the passage was very difficult, about two miles in length, with a river on the left, and a high mountain on the right, and that much work must be done to make it passable for carriages. At the same time he was told that there were two good fords across the Mononga- hela, where the water was shallow, and the banks not steep. With these views of the case he determined to cross the ford the next morning. The order of march was given out, and all the arrangements were made for an early movement. About eight o'clock on the morning of the 9th the advanced division, under Col. Gage, crossed the ford and pushed forward. After the whole army had crossed and marched about a mile, Braddock received a note from Col. Gage giving notice that he had passed the second ford without diflSculty. A little before two o'clock the whole army had crossed this ford, and was arranged in the order of march on the river plateau. Col. Gage, with the advanced party, was then ordered to march, and while the main body was yet standing on the plain, the action began near the river. Not a single man of the enemy had before been seen. To the brave grenadiers who had stood firm on the plains of Europe, amid tempests of cannon-balls cutting down whole platoons of their comrades, this new species of warfare was perfectly appalling, and unable longer to breast the girdle of fire which enveloped them, they gave way an confusion, involving the whole army in distress, dismay, and disorder. In such a dilemma, with hundreds of his men falling at every discharge, his ranks converted into a wild and reckless multi- tude, unable to rally and too proud to retreat, Brad- dock obstinately refused to allow the Provincial troops j to fight the Indians in their own way, but with a mad- ness incomprehensible did his utmost to form the \ men into platoons and wheel them into close columns. The result was horrible, and the sacrifice of life with- 42 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. out a parallel at that time in Indian warfare. The Provincial regiments, unable to keep together, spread through the surrounding woods, and by this means did all the execution that was effected. Every man fought for himself, and rushing to the trees from be- hind which gleamed the flash of the rifle, the brave frontiersmen often bayoneted the savage at his post. This perilous enterprise, however, was attended with a terrible sacrifice. Out of three full companies of Virginia troops but thirty men were left ; of the Penn- sylvania forces, much less. It was the most disastrous defeat ever sustained by any European army in America. Sixty-three officers and seven hundred and fourteen privates were killed or dangerously wounded. There is, perhaps, no in- stance upon record where so great a proportion of offi- cers were killed. Out of the eighty-six composing the command but twenty-three escaped unhurt. Their brilliant uniform seemed sure marks for the deadly aim of the savage. On that disastrous day the mili- tary genius of Washington shone forth with much of that splendor which afterwards made him so illustri- ous. His courage, energy, bravery, and skill displayed on this occasion marked him as possessed of the high- est order of military talents. After the fall of Brad- dock, with his Provincial troops he covered the retreat, and saved the remnant of the army from annihilation. Gen. Braddock was taken to Dunbar's Camp, on the summit of Laurel Hill, where he breathed his last, on the fourth day after the battle. His body was interred in the centre of the road, and the entire army marched over the spot in order that the remains of the unfor- tunate general might not be desecrated by savage hands. In the correspondence of Gen. Braddock with his government, from the time of his arrival in Virginia to his defeat, he complains that Pennsylvania and Virginia would not give the aid he demanded. The disputes at that period in the Proprietary govern- ment, says Duponceau," account in some degree, but not sufficiently, for these results. The Quaker spirit in Pennsylvania may be supposed to have produced them, but it was used as a means instead of a primary cause. It is certain that at that time a leading Quaker, who was Speaker of the Assembly, said in debate, " I had rather see Philadelphia sacked three times by the French than vote a single copper for the war." It is easy to see from this the difficulties Braddock had to contend with. Had he received the earnest support of the Province his success would have been assured. The Scotch-Irish, who settled on the fron- tiers, were busy protecting their own homes, and although several companies offered their services to Gen. Braddock he did not accept them, — not from the motives ascribed to him by most historians, but from the fact that they were actually required at their own firesides, which had already been invaded by the savage foe. The consternation at Braddock's defeat was very great in Pennsylvania. The retreat of Dunbar left the whole frontier uncovered, while the inhabitants, unarmed and undisciplined, were compelled hastily to seek the means of defense or of flight. In de- scribing the exposed state of the Province, and the miseries which threatened it, the Governor had oc- casion to be entirely satisfied with his own eloquence, and had his resolution to defend it equaled the earnestness of his appeal to the Assembly, the people might have been spared much suffering. The enemy, long restrained by fear of another attack, and scarce crediting his senses when he discovered the defense- less state of the frontiers, now roamed unmolested and fearlessly along the western lines of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, committing the most! appalling outrages and wanton cruelties which the cupidity and ferocity of the savage could dictate. '\ The first inroads into Pennsylvania were into Cum- \ berland County, whence they were soon extended to , the Susquehanna. The inhabitants, dwelling at the distance of from one to three miles apart, fell unre- ) sistingly, were captured, or fled in terror to the in- terior settlements. The main body of the enemy en- camped on the Susquehanna, thirty miles above Harris' Ferry, whence they extended themselves on both sides the river below the Kittochtinny Moun- tains. The settlements at the Great Cove, in Cumber- land County, now Fulton, were destroyed, and many of the inhabitants slaughtered or made captives, and the same fate fell upon Tulpehocken, upon Mahanoy, and Gnadenhiitten. Under date of October 29th, John Harris wrote to the Governor : " We expect the enemy upon us every day, and the inhabitants are abandoning their planta- tions, being greatly discouraged at the approach of such a number of cruel savages, and no sign of assist- ance. The Indians are cutting us off every day, and I had a certain account of about fifteen hundred In- dians, besides French, being on their march against us and Virginia, and now close on our borders, their scouts scalping our families on our frontiers daily. Andrew Montour and others at Shamokin desired me to take care ; that there was forty Indians out many days, and intended to burn my house and destroy myself and family. I have this day cut holes in my house, and am determined to hold out to the last ex- tremity if I can get some men to stand by me, few of which I yet can at present, every one being in fear of their own families being cut off every hour (such is our situation). I am informed that a French officer was expected at Shamokin this week with a party of Delawares and Shawanese, no doubt to take posses- sion of our river ; and, as to the state of the Stisque- hanna Indians, a great part of them are actually in the French interest ; but if we should raise a number of men immediately as will be able to take possession of some convenient place up Susquehanna, and build a strong fort in spite of French or Indians, perhaps some Indians may join us, but it is trusting to un- GENERAL HISTORY. 43 certainty to depend upon them in my opinion. We ought to insist on the Indians declaring either for or against us. As soon as we are prepared for them we must bid up for scalps and keep the woods full of our people hunting them, or they will ruin our Province, for they are a dreadful enemy. We I'mpatiently look for assistance. I have sent out two Indian spies to Shaniokin, they are Mohawks, and I expect they will return in a day or two. Consider our situation, and rouse your people downwards, and not let about fif- teen hundred villains distress such a number of in- habitants as is in Pennsylvania, which actually they will if they possess our provisions and frontiers long, as they now have many thousands of bushels of our corn and wheat in possession already, for the inhabi- tants goes off and leaves all." In consequence of these melancholy tidings the Governor summoned the Assembly for the 3d of No- vember, when he laid before them an account of the proceedings of the enemy, and demanded money and a militia law. Petitions were poured in from all parts / of the Province, — from the frontier counties, praying for arms and munitions ; from the middle counties, deprecating further resistance to the views of the Governor, and requiring, if it were necessary, a par- tial sacrifice of the property of the citizens for the defense of their lives ; and that the religious scruples of the members of the Assembly might no longer pre- vent the defense of the country. By the middle of the month the savages had " en- tered the passes of the Blue Mountains, broke into the counties of Lancaster, Berks, and Northampton, committing murder, devastations, and other kind of horrid mischief," to use the language of Governor Morris, and yet the Assembly delayed the measures of defense required of them. The Governor, aston- ished at the obstinacy of the Assembly, for such he characterized it, again sent a message requesting that body to strengthen his hands and afford assistance to the back inhabitants, but they plead in excuse that they feared the alienating the affections of the In- dians, and in a measure refused to grant the means necessary for the protection of the frontiers. The cold indifference of the Assembly at such a crisis awoke the deepest indignation throughout the Province. Public meetings were held in various parts of Lancaster and in the frorftier counties, at which it was resolved that they would. " repair to Philadelphia and compel the Provincial authorities to pass proper laws to defend the country and oppose the enemy." In addition, the dead bodies of some of the murdered and mangled were sent to that city and hauled about the streets, with placards announcing that these were victims of the Quaker policy of non-resistance. A large and threatening mob surrounded the House of Assembly, placed the dead bodies in the doorway, and demanded immediate relief for the people of the frontiers. Such, indeed, were the desperate measures resorted to for self-defense. There was little sympathy by the members of that body, whose phlegmatic tem- perament could allow them to look calmly upon the victims of their neglect. In preventing protection, as was their sworn duty to do, they were indirectly guilty of the complete sway of the tomahawk and scalping-knife. Following Braddock's defeat, the French, or rather their Indian allies, encouraged by their success, pushed their incursions into the interior parts of the frontier settlements, into York, Cumberland, Lancaster, Berks, and Northampton Counties. These counties were scenes of murder and rapine for about ten years. The apprehensions of those who feared the direful conse- quences of the English defeat were sadly realized. Plans were now devised for the defense of the frontiers. A chain of forts were directed to be erected, but it was not until the succeeding summer that anything like places of defense were actually built. The sad condition of affairs in the interior and western part of the Province is thus described by Governor Robert Morris in his message of July 24, 1755, to the Assembly in relation to Braddock's defeat: "This unfortunate and unexpected change in our affairs deeply affects every one of His Majesty's colonies, but none of them in so sensible a manner as this Province; while having no militia is thereby left exposed to the cruel incursion of the French and barbarous Indians, who delight in shedding human blood, and who make no distinction as to age or sex, — as to those that are armed against them, or such as they can surprise in their peaceful habita- tions, all are alike the objects of their cruelty, — slaughtering the tender infant and frightened mother with equal joy and fierceness. To such enemies, spurred by the native cruelty of their tempers, en- couraged by their late success, and having now no army to fear, are the inhabitants of this Province ex- posed, and by such must we- now expect to be overrun if we do not immediately prepare for our own defense ; nor ought we to content ourselves with this, but resolve to drive to and confine the French to their ow^n just limits." Scarce three months after this disastrous defeat we find the barbarous savages engaged in murdering the whites and setting fire to their houses on the west side of Susquehanna, in Cumberland County, now Union, for on the 15th of October, 1755, a party of Indians " fell upon the inhabitants on Mahanoy (or Penn's) Creek that runs into the river Susque- hanna, about five miles lower than the Great Fork made by the juncture of the two main branches of the Susquehanna, killed and carried off about twenty- five persons, and burnt and destroyed their buildings and improvements, and the whole settlement was deserted." Learning of these transactions, John Harris wrote to the Governor, as follows : " Paxtans, Oct. 20, 1766. "May it please your Houor, — *' I was informed last night by a person that came down our river that there was a Dutch (German) woman, who made her escape to 44 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. George Gabriers, and informs us that last Friday evening, on her way home from this settlement, on Mahahony or Penn'a Creek, where her family lived, she called at a neighhor'e house and saw two persons lying by the door of said house murdered and scalped, and there were some Dutch (German) families that lived near their places immediately left, not thinking it safe to stay any longer. It is the opinion of the people up the river, that the families on Penn^s Creek being scattered, that but few in number are killed or carried off, except the above said woman, the certainty of which will soon be known, as there are some men gone out to bury the dead. " By report this evening I was likewise informed by the belt of wam- pum, and these Indians here, there were seen near Sliamokin, about six days ago, two French Indiana of the Canawago tribe. I a little doubted the truth of the report at first, but the Indians have seemed so afraid that they dispatche'd messengers immediately to the mountains above my house to bring in some of their women that were gathering chest- nuts, for fear of their being killed. "By a person just arrived down our river, brouglit information of two men being murdered within five miles of George GabrieV's, four women carried off, and there is one man wounded in three places who escaped to Gabriel's, and it is imagiued tiiat all the inhabitants on Penn's Creek and liittle Mahahony are killed or carried oflf, as most of them live much higher up, where the first murder was discovered. The Indian warriors here send you tliese two strings of white wampum, and the women the black one, both reqnesting that you would lay by all your council pipes immediately, and open all your eyes and ears, and view your slain people in this land, and to put a stop to it immediately, and come to this place to our assistance without any delay ; and the belt of wampum particularly mentions that the proprietors and ypur Honor would immediately act in defense of their country, as the old chain of friendship now is broken by several nations of Indians, and it seems tp be such as they never expected to see or hear of. Any delay on our acting vigorously now at this time would be the loss of all Indian in- terest, and perhaps our ruin in these parts. "I am your honor's most obedient servant, "John Harris. " P.S. — I shall endeavor to get a number of my neighbors to go out as far as the murder has been committed, and perhaps to Shamokin, to know the minds of the Indians and their opinions of these times, and to get what intelligence I can from them and to encourage some of their young men to scout about back of the frontiera, to give us notice of the enemy's approach, if possible, at any time hereafter. I heartily wish your honor and the Assembly would please to agree on some method at this time towards protecting this province, as this part of it seems actu- ally in danger now, for should but a company of Indians come and murder but a few families hereabouts, which is daily expected, the situ- ation we are in would oblige numbers to abandon their plantations, and our cattle and provisions, which we have a plenty of, must then fall a prey to the enemy. "Our Indians here seem much discouraged at the large number of families passing here every day on account of the late murders on the Potomac, and will be much more so if it should happen to bo our case. There were two Indian women set out from here two days ago for the Ohio, to bring some of their'relations (as they say) down here, and should the French or their Indians hear by them, as they will be inquiring for news, the effect that their late murders has had among our inhabitants it will be a matter of encouragement to them. "1 conclude, your honor's most obedient and most humble servant, "John Harris." On the 23d of October, 1755, forty-six of the inhab- itants about Harris' Ferry went to Shamokin to in- quire of the Indians there who they were who had so cruelly fallen upon and ruined the settlement on Ma- hahony Creek. On their return from Shamokin they were fired upon by some Indians who lay in ambush, and four were killed, four drowned, and the rest put to flight. The following is the report of this expedi- tion : " I, and Thomas Forster, Esq., Mr. Harris, and Mr. McKee, with up- wards of forty men, went up the 2d Inst. (October, 1755) to Capt. Mc- Kee, at New Providence, in order to bury the dead lately murdered on Mahahony Creek ; but understanding the corpse were buried, we then determined to return immediately home. But being urged by John Sekalamy and the Old Belt to go up to see the Indians at Shamo- kin and know their minds, we went on the 24th, and stayed there all night ; and in the night I heard some Delawares talking, about twelve in number, to this purpose: 'What are the English come here for?' Says another : * To kill us, 1 suppose ; can we then send off some of our nimble young men to give our friends notice that can soon be here?' They soon after sang* the war-song, and four Indians went off in two canoes, well armed ; the one canoe went down the river, and the other across. *' On the morning of the 25th we took our leave of the Indians and set off homewards, and were advised to go down the east side of the river; but, fearing that a snare might be laid on that side, we maiched oflf peaceably on the west side, having behaved in the most civil and friendly manner towards tihem while with them ; and when we came to the mouth of the Mahahony Creek, we were fired on by a good number of Indians that lay among the bushes, on which we were obliged to retreat with the loss of several men ; the particular number I cannot exactly men- tion, but I am positive that I saw four fall, and one man struck with a tomahawk on the head in his fiight across the river. As I understand the Delaware tongue, I heard several of the Indians that were engaged against' us speak a good many words in that tongue during the action. " Adam Torrance." " The above declaration was attested by the author's voluntary quali- fication, no magistrate being present, at Paxtang, this 26th October, 1755, before us : "John Elder. Thomas McArthue. " Michael Graham. Alex. McClure, " Michael Teaff. "William Harris. "Thomas Black. Samuel Lenes. "Samuel Pearbon. William McClure. *''N.B. — Of all our people that were in the action there are but nine that are yet returned." John Harris, under the date of " Paxtang, ye 28lh October, 1755," writes to the Governor an account of the foregoing expedition to Shamokin, and how near they all came to suffer through Indian treachery : " May it please your Honor "This is to acquaint you, that on the 24th of October I arrived at Shamokin, in order to protect our frontiers up that way till they might make their escape from their cruel enemies, and learn the best intelli- gence I could. " The Indians on the west branch of the Susquehanna certainly killed our inhabitants on Penn's Creek, and there are a hatchet and two Eng- lish scalps sent by them up the North branch, to desire them to strike with them, if they are men. " The Indians are all assembling themselves at Shamokin to counsel ; H large body of them was there four days ago. I cannot learn their in- tentions, but seems Andrew Montour and Mona-ca-too-tha are to bring down the news from them. There is not a suflicieut number of them to oppose the enemy, and, perhaps, they will join the enemy against us. There is no dependence on Indians, and we ax"e in imminent danger. "I got certain information from Andrew Montour and others that there is a body of French, with fifteen hundred Indians, coming upon us, — Picks, Ottaways, Orandox, Delawares, Shawanese, and a number of the Six Nations, — and are now not many days' march from this Province and Virginia, which are appointed to be attacked; at the same time some of the Shamokin Indians seem friendly, and others appear like enemies. " Montour knew many days ago of the enemy being on their march against us before he informed, for which I said as much to him as I thought prudent, considering the place I was in. " On the 25th inst., on my return with about forty more, we were at- tacked by about twenty or thirty Indians, received their fire, and about fifteen of our men and myself took to the trees, attacked the villains, killed four of them on the spot, and lost but three more, retreating about half a mile through woods, and crossing the Susquehanna, one of whom was shot off an horse riding behind myself, through the river. My horse was wounded, and, falling into the river, I was obliged to quit him and swim part of the way. " Four or five of our men were drowned crossing the river. I hope our journey, though with fatigue and loss of our substance, and some of our lives, will be of service to our country, by discovering our enemy, who will be our ruin, if not timely prevented. GENERAL HISTORY. 45 " I Just now received information that there was a French officer, sup- posed captain, with a party of Shawanese, Delawares, &c., within six miles of Shamoliin, ten days ago, and no doubt intends to taite posses- sion of it, which will be a dreadful consequence to us, if suffered. Therefore, I thought proper to despatch this message to inform your Honor. The Indians here, I hope, your Honor, will be pleased to cause them to remove to some place, as I do not lllie their company ; and, as the men of those here were not against us, yet did them no harm, or else I would have them all cut off. Belt (Indian so-called) promised at Shamokin to send out spies to view the enemy, and, upon hearing of our skirmishes, Old Belt was in a rage, gathered up thirty Indians im- mediately, and went in pursuit of the enemy, as I am this day in- formed. '*I expect Montour and Mona-ca-too-tha down here this week, with the determination of their Shamokin council. The inhabitants are abandoning their plantations, and we are in a dreadful situation. " I am, &c., "John Harris. "P.S. — The night ensuing our attack the Indians burnt all George Gabriel's houses ; danced around them," The person who was shot off the horse, while riding behind John Harris in crossing the' river, was a phy- sician of Paxtang, but in the absence of the assess- ment-lists we are unable to tell who he was. The Indians alluded to by John Harris as being at Harris' Ferry for some months were those to whom Conrad Weiser refers when writing from that place to the Governor in July (9th) previous, when he said, — ** According to your order, I came to this place last Monday, and found the IndianB waiting forme. Yesterday I distributed about two hundred bushels of meal among them ; after that was over, they enquired how things stood as to the war. I told them what had happened to some of the back inhabitants^ and that the French Indians were like to do a great deal of mischief. They seemed to be very much concerned. There were about thirty of them, and of which number nine offered themselves to go with me, or my son Sammy, to Wills' Creek, and serve as outscouts against the French and their Indians, and to protect the poor people settled about those parts ; and I was agreed that they should meet me or my son, at this place in ten days hence ; and that in the mean time, I was to obtain your Honor's leave, and a proper pass. This morning Captain Glazier's express from the east arrived at this place, with the agreeable news of the defeat of the French at Nova Scotia, and the taking of the French men-of-war, by Admiral Boscawen. " I read and explained the printed paper to the Indians, and they ex- pressed a good deal of satisfaction and pleasure with the news. Capt. Glazier gave me to understand that he should be very glad if some of these Indians would accompany him to the English camp with the de- spatches he had for the general, in this dangerous time. I proposed it to the Indians; they approved of the thing, but having intelligence of our Honor's coming up, and that you would be in Lancaster this day, they would hear and receive your approbation; and they have accord- ingly desired me to stay with them at this place till your Honor's arrival, which I have promised to do, and have sent the bearer hereof express to let your Honor know of this and to receive further orders." The Governor was there a few days after, made a short harangue, gave some presents, at which the In- dians seemed perfectly delighted, and "the chain of friendship" was to remain "bright and unbroken." The Governor little knew of the perfidy of the sav- ages, and that all their promises were mere ropes of sand. The near approach of the enemy created the utmost consternation among the outer settlements. The only safety was to flee and leave all to the enemy. They had in vain looked for effectual relief from the Colo- nial government. Homes that had been occupied; barns filled with the fruits of a rich and plenteous harvest ; newly-sowed fields, standing corn, and cattle. sheep, etc., were all abandoned by the hardy and industrious frontier settlers, in order to save them- selves from being cut off by the barbarous enemy. Even John Harris and his family were threatened with death, as stated by Mr. Harris himself in the following letter to Edward Shippen, at Lancaster : " Paxtans, y» 29"! October, 1756. *' jSir, — We expect the enemy upon us every day, and the inhabitanlB are abandoning their plantations, being greatly discouraged at the ap- proach of such a number of cruel savages, and no present sign of assist- ance. I had a certaiu account of fifteen hundred French and Indians being on the march against us and Virginia, and now close upon our borders, their scouts scalping our families on our frontiers daily. An- drew Montour, and others at Shamokin, desired me to take care, that there was a party of forty Indians, out many days, and intended to burn my house and destroy myself and family. I have this day cut loop-holes in my house, and am determined to hold out to the last extremity, if I can get some men to stand by me. But few can be had at present, as every one is in fear of his own family being cut off every hour. Great part of the Susquehanna Indians are no doubt actually in the French interest, and I am informed that a French oflBcer is expected at Shamo- kin this week, with a party of Delawares ard Shawanese, no doubt. to take possession of our river. We should raise men immediately to build a fort up the river to take possession, and to induce some Indians to join us. We ought also to insist on the Indians to declare for or against us, and as soon as we are prepared for them we should bid up their scalps, and keep our woods full of our people upon the scout, else they will ruin our province, for they are a dreadful enemy. I have sent out two In- dian spies to Shamokin ; they are Mohawks. "Sir, yours, &c., John Harris." CHAPTEE V. The French and Indian War (continued) — Treaty at Harris' Ferry — Fort Halifax — Fort McKee — Fort Manady— Fort at Harris' Ferry — Fort Hunter. In the latter part of October, 1755, the enemy again appeared in the neighborhood of Shamokin, and in November of that year they committed several mur- ders upon the whites under circumstances of great cruelty and barbari^ty. Not only the settlers on the immediate frontier, but those residing far towards the interior, were kept in constant alarm, as will be seen by the following address, or appeal to the inhabitants of the Province, issued from the present site of Harrisburg : " Paxtang, ye 31st October, 1755. " From John Harris, at 12 p.m. " To all His Majesty" s svi^ects in the Province of Permsykania, or elsewhere : ^"Whereas, Andrew Montour, Belt of Wampum, two Mohawks, and other Indians, came down this day from Shamokin, who say the whole body of Indians, or the greatest pai-t of them in the French interest, is actually encamped on this aide of George Gabriers (about thirty miles north of Harris' Ferry, on the west side of the river), near Susquehanna, and we may expect an attack within three days at farthest ; and a French fort to be begun at Shamokin in ten days hence. Tho' this be the In- dian report, we, the subscribers, do give it as our advice to repair imme- diately to the frontiers with all our forces, to intercept their passage into our country, and to be prepared in the best manner possible for the worst events. " Witness our hands, " James Galbreath, James Pollock, "John Allison, James ANnEESON, "Barney Hughes, William Work, " Robert Wallace, Patrick Hates, " John Harris. 46 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. " P.S. — They poaitively affirm ttiat the above named Indiana discov- ered a party of the enemy at Thomas McKee's upper place on the 30th of October laBt. " Mona-ca-too-tha, The Belt, and other Indians here, insist upon Mr, Weiser's coming immediately to John Harris' with his men, and to coun- sel with the Indians. " Before me, "Jambs Galbueath." Fortunately, the reports conveyed in Mr. Harris' letter, as well as in the above address, proved to be premature, the enemy confining his depredations to the regions of the Susquehanna, about Shamokin, and the Great or Big Cove in the western part of Cumber- land County, a detailed account of which would not come within our province to write. It was not until the middle of the following year that the Indians, incited, and in some instances oflS- cered, by their allies the French, extended their in- cursions into the interior of the Province, and imag- ination fails to conceive the peril and distress of the settlers of Paxtang, Hanover, and the other townships of Lancaster, now comprising the counties of Dau- phin and Lebanon. On the 8th of January, 1756, Governor Morris, who had come from Philadelphia by way of Reading, held a conference with the Indians at the house of John Harris. As a part of the history of this locality, it is proper that the record thereof be preserved in this connection : " At a conference held with the Indians at Harris' Ferry, Jan. 8, 1756, present the Hon. Robert Hunter Morris, Governor James Hamilton, Bichard Peters, Joseph Fox, and Conrad Weiser, interpreter ; two In- dians of the Six Nations, called 'the Belt of Wampum,' a Seneca, and * The Broken Thigh,' a Mohawk. " The Governor, finding here only two Indians an4 their families, he sent for tliem into council, and spoke as follows : " ' Brethren : " ' I am glad to see you and your families in good health. You have ever been esteemed our hearty friends, and you show you are really so by residing amongst us, at a time when so much mischief is done on every side of the Province. " ' I sent Mr. Weiser to acquaint you that I had kindled a council fire here, and had invited the Indians on Susquehannah to meet me the be- ginning of this moon, and that I expected you would stay here till I should come, and afford me your assistance in council. " ' I thank you for staying here. You see that agreeable to my mes- sage, I come at the time appointed, but I find no other Indians here than you two, and indeed I expect no more, as I believe my messengers were prevented going to "Wyomink by the ravages of the Indians, which began in their neighborhood at the time they were preparing to set out on their journey. " ' Brethren : The public business requires my presence at Carlisle, where I am now going, and I invite you to go along with me. If you incline to take any of your families with you, I shall readily agree to it, and provide a carriage for them and you.' " To this tho Belt replied. " ' Brethren : I thank you for sending for us to council, and for your kind speech. What you have said is very agreeable. "'Brethren: The sky is dark all around us. The mischief done to you I consider as done to the Six Nations, and am sorry for what has happened, and heartily condole with you upon it, but be not disheart- ened. As the public business is committed to you, nothing should be suffered to lie on your minds that might, in any wise, impair your judg- ment, which is now more necessary than ever. Let me, therefore, by this string entreat yon to put away all grief from your heart, and to dry up your tears, that you may think and see clearly when you come to council. " * I accept your invitation, and shall follow you to Carlisle.' "Gave a Steimg." From the minutes of the treaty or conference held at that time it appears there was but one single house and few conveniences to hold a treaty at Harris' — " Mr. Weiser was called in and asked if it might not be better to hold it at Carlisle, where all the business of that county could be done at the same time, and proper entertainment provided as well for the Gov- ernor and his company as for the Indians, should they prove numerous." In the *arly part of 1756, of the Provincial forces there were stationed at Harris', a sergeant and twelve men ; at Hunter's Fort, Ensign Johnson and twenty- four men ; at McKee's Store, Ensign Mears and twenty- four men; at Fort Halifax, Capt. Nathaniel Miles and thirty men ; and at Fort Manady, Lieut. Miller and sixteen men. In the spring of 1756 the Provincial troops were well organized, and within the limits of Dauphin County the following stockade forts were erected: FoET Halifax. — This fort, also named the Fort at Armstrong's, was commenced in May, 1756. Col. Clapham, an officer of the Provincial service, selected it ■' as the most convenient place on the river between Harris's and Shamokin for a magazine on account of its good natural situation above the Juniata Falls, the vast plenty of pine timber at hand, its nearness to Shamokin and a saw within a quarter of a mile, he therefore concludes to erect a fort herfe, according to a plan enclosed to the Gov'r, and for that purpose had already cut and squared 200 logs and hauled 80 to the spot, each about 30 feet long, and made some progress in laying them, rather than lose time by delay with the troops, & as men sufficient to finish it in a fort- night after the logs were hauled could be had in the neighborhood at a reasonable rate, under a guard of an officer and 30 men, he proposed to proceed on the march with the troops, he has 20 batteaux finished and 2 Canoes to bring up provisions, having already made 5 trips to McKee's store and 2 to this place, two different parties were sent out as scouts towards Shamokin." On the 8th of June, says the colonel in his report to the Governor, he " was agreeably surprised on see- ing a canoe coming down the River with a red flag, having on board an Iroquois Ind'n Chief and his son charged with a belt of wampum from the Six Nations ; a Cayuga Indian was at first with them, but landed at Ohoconotte above Wyoming, being deterred by the reports of Shekelamy." On the 10th of June, Col. Clapham held a confer- ence there with the Iroquois chief, which is reported as follows: "At a conference held at the camp at Armstrong's June 10, 1766, be- tween Col. William Clapham and Oghaghradisha, an Indian chief of the Iroquois, on the waters of Susquehanna. "Present, Oapts. Lloyd and Shippen; Interpreters, James Lowry and Lewis Montour. " My Brother, Ool. Johnston, at my departure, told me thus brother ; I find great difBculties in governing and supplying the wanta of the Six Nations, in connection with me, 'tis therefore impossible I should ahio take charge of those seated at a distance on the waters of the Susque- GENERAL HISTORY. 47 hanna, for which reason I have recommended them by you, and this string of wampum to Col. Clapham (or Ugcarunthiunth) for that purpose. "'Brollier, The Iroquois living on the North Branch of Susquehanna have sent me as a representative of the whole to treat with you (pro- ducing a belt of wampum) and will ratify all my contracts. Brother, they agree to your building a fort at Shamokin, but are desirous that you should also build a Fort three day's journey, in a canoe, higher up the Korth Branch, in their country, at a place called ' Adjouquay,' and this belt of wampum is to clear the road to that place. "* Brother, If yon agree to my proposals in behalf of my nation, I will return and immediately collect our whole force to be employed in protecting your people while you are building a fort in our country at Adjouquay, where there is a good situation and fine soil at the entrance of a deep creek, on a level plain iive miles extending, and clear of woods. Adjouquay is fourteen miles above Wioming, and an old woman may carry a heavy pack of skins from thence to the Minisink, and return to Adjouquay in two nights. " ' My Brother, the land is troubled, and you may justly apprehend danger, but if you will grant our request we will be together, and if any danger happens to you we will share it with you. My brother, I have known this young man a good while (pointing to James Lowry) and have traveled far with him ; he is a proper man, and knows the country well. I should be glad to recommend him as a companion on the march. '" My Brother (laying down a belt of wampum folded in the middle) this describes your path to Shamokin ; (unfolding the belt and extend- ing it to its full length) this is your road to Adjouquay.' " Upon which he presented a belt and offered his little son as a pledge of his fidelity, insisting at the same that Ool. Clapham should visit their town, escorted by their warriors who, despising to turn out of theii- way, would conduct him through the Delaware town to their village in de- fiance of all opposition whatever." The orders and instructions to Col. Clapham in regard to the erection of the fort were as follows, although he was subsequently directed to diminish the size, but having proceeded too far with the work, which in his opinion was already too small, he con- tinued on with the dimensions as at first ordered : "1. With these instructions you will receive a number of blank com- missions, under my hand and seal, for subaltern ofBcers in your regi- ment, which you are hereby empowered to fill up with the names of such men as you judge most fit for the service, having regard to the merit and services of those already employed ; taking care that they be of the Protestant religion, and well afi'ected to his Majesty's government, and you will administer to them the oaths to the government, as your name is inserted in the General Dedimus for this Province, under the Great Seal, or cause Major Burd to do it. "2. Herewith you will also receive two plans of Forts; the one a Pentagon, the other a square, with one Ravelin to protect the curtain where the gate is, with a ditch covered way and glacis; but as it is im- possible to give any explicit directions to the particular form of a fort without viewing and considering the ground on which it is to stand, I must leave it to you to build it in such form as will best answer for its own defence, the command of the river, and of the country in its neigh- borhood; and the plans herewith will serve to show the proportion that the different parts of the works should bear to each other. " 3. As to the place upon which this fort is to be erected, that must be in a great measure left to your judgment ; but it is necessary to inform you it must be on the east side of the Susquehanna ; the lands on the west, at the Forks, between the branches, not being purchased from the In- dians; besides it would be impossible to relieve and support a garrison on that side in the winter time. From all the information I have been able to collect, the land on the south side of the east branch, opposite to the middle of the island, is the highest of any of the lowland there- about, and the best place for a fort. The guns you have with you will form a rampart of a moderate height, commanding the main river. But as this information comes from persons not acquainted with the nature of such things, I am fearful they are not much to be depended on, and vour own judgment must therefore direct you. " "4 When you have completed the fort, you will cause the ground to be cleared about it, to a convenient distance, and openings to be made to the river, and you will erect such buildings within the fort, and place there in such a manner as you shall judge best. «5 Without the fort, at a convenient distance, under the command of the guns, it will be necessary to build some log houses for Indians, that they may have places to lodge in, without being in the fort, where numbers of them, however friendly, should not be admitted, but in a formal manner, and the guard turned out ; this will be esteemed a com- pliment by our friends, and if enemies should at any time be concealed under that name, it will give them proper notions of our vigilance, and prevent them from attempting to surprise it. " 6. In your march up the river you will take care not to be sur- prised, and always to have your forces in such a disposition that you may retreat with safety. " Y. You will make the best observations you cau of the river and the most difBcult passes you meet with in your way, as well by land as water, which you will note upon the map I gave you, that it may be thereby amended, and furnish me with your opinion of the best manner of removing or surmounting those difficulties. " 8. If you should be opposed in your march, or gain any intelligence of the approach of an enemy, for that or any other purpose, you will in- form me by express of such intelligence or opposition, the situation you are in, and everything else material that I may send you proper assist- ance, and be prepared for anything that may happen, and in the mean time you are to use your best endeavors to oppose the enemy and to secure yourself, "9. As soon as you are in possession of the ground at Shamokin you will secure yourself a breastwork in the best manner you can, so that your men may work in safety, and you will inform me of your arrival there, and let me know what you will have occasion for, that I may apply to the commissioners to supply it. " 10. You will order the company and others in whose hands you may trust any of the public provisions or stores, to be careful and exact in the distribution thereof, and to keep exact accounts of everything com- mitted to their care. "11. Having suspected hostilities against the Delaware Indians on the east side of the Jfortheast Branch of Susquehanna, in order to enter into a treaty with them, I send you herewith a proclamation for that purpose, to which you will conform, and any friendly Indians that may join you in your march or at Shamokin, you will treat with kindness, and supply them out of the Province stores with such things as they want and you are able to spare. " 12. Having sent the Indians— New Castle and Jagree — again to the town of Diahoga, accompanied with some of the Jersey Delawares, all our friends, who may and probably will return by the Susquehanna, you will in about a fortnight after this cause a lookout to be kept for them, and, if they return that way, you will receive and assist them in their journey. Their signal will be a red flag, with * union' in the cor- ner, or, if that should be lost, they will carry ' green boughs' or ' club'd muskets,' will appear open and erect, and not approach you in the night. " R. H. Morris. " Given under my hand and seal at Arms, Philadelphia, this 12th day of June, 1756." On the 20th of June, Col. Clapham writes to Gov- ernor Morris from the " Camp at Armstrong's" * " Sir, — I received your Honor's of the 12th inst., together with your Honor's instructions, your Honor's answer to the Indian sachem, six blank commissions, and two plans of fortification. Your instructions I shall obey with the utmost pleasure and punctuality. Your answer I delivered with due solemnity. In filling up the commissions I shall be particularly careful to regard your Honor's directions. When arrived, at the ground I shall conform as near as possible to the plans, and hope I shall find no difiiculty in the execution which industry and applica- tion may not surmount, and shall rely on your Honor for the supplies necessary during that time. The progress already made in this fort renders it impracticable for me to comply with the commissioners desire to contract it, at which I am more surprised, as I expected every day orders to enlarge it, it being as yet, in my opinion, too small. I shall leave an oifficer and thirty men, with orders to finish it, when I march from hence, which will be with all possible expedition after the arrival of the blankets, the rum and the money for payment of battoe-men, for want of which I am obliged to detain them here in idleness, not think- ing it prudent to trust them on another trip for fear of their desertion, which may totally impede the service. I could wish the commissioners would invent some expedient to pay these men without money, or, at least without the danger of trusting me with their money, the charge of which I am not ambitious of, or the much envied honor and trouble of expending it. This far is certain, that without such expedient or the money, we cannot stir. 48 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. " I have, purauaut to your Honor'B command, sent down two Indian Sacbems jiroperly escorted, and committed particularly to the care of Mr. Shippen, and hope his coming will fully answer the ends proposed by your Honor and your council. I have found Capt. McKee extremely useful, and have sent him also at the Sachem's particular request. " The carpenters are still employed in building Battoes and carriages for the canoes, and everybody seems disposed cheerfully to contribute their services toyvards the public good, if there ever was any prospect or assurance of being paid for it. From your Honor's character of Capt. Busse, I am extremely sorry the Commissioners have not thought proper to comply with your Honor's proposal. I assure myself, your Honor, will omit no opportunity of extricating me fro m embarrassments arising from the want of money, both for the Battoe men and the soldiei-s; twenty-six of whom being Dutch (German) are now in confinement for mutiny on that very account. I am with all respect your Honor's obe- dient servant. " William Clapham. "P.S. — The Fort at this place is without a name till your Honor is pleased to confer one." On the 25th of the month the Governor writes from Philadelphia to Col, Clapham, '' The fort at Arm- strong's I would have it called Fort Halifax." At the same time that official is pleased with its prog- ress, and urges him to leave for Shamokin as soon as possible. The former writes under date of 1st July, 1756: "Sir, — I received your favor by CommisBary Burd, and the £100, which I distributed among the Battoe men in proportion to their sev- eral demands, it not being sulBcient to discharge the whole. The ship- carpenters have finished the carriages for the canoe, and as soon as they have finished the Battoes in hand, which I expect will be done to-mor- row, I shall give them a certificate of their services and discharge them all except one, who will be absolutely necessary in the passage, and without whose assistaDce we may probably lose more than his pay can cost the Province ; now if my people are to be depended on in case of an accident on the water, and I can assure your Honor that I find fatigue and difiSculties enough to conduct so amphibious an expedition with all the assistance I can possibly command. 1 shall leave a sergeant's party at Harris' consisting of twelve men, twenty-four at Hunter's Fort, twenty-four at McKee's store, each under the command of an ensign ; and Capt. Miles, with thirty men, at Fort Halifax, with the inclosed in- structions, as I have removed all the stores from Harris' and McKee's to this place ; Mr. Galbreath's presence does not seem very necessary at either of those two places, and his refusal to attend here has laid me under the necessity of appointing a person to act in that capacity under the direction of Commissary Burd till your pleasure shall be known. I am at present extremely engaged in embarking the regiments, stores, etc., for Shamokin, expecting to march time enough to-night on the west side of Susquehanna, about five miles above Fort Halifax, and promising myself the pleasure of congratulating your Honor from Sha- mokin ; and in the mean time very respectfully your Honor's most obe- dient, humble servant. " William Clapham. " P.S. — There are still one hundred blankets wanting in the regi- ment." The fort was left in charge of Capt. Nathaniel Miles, with the following instructions, dated " Fort Halifax, 1st July, 1756:" " Sm,— You are to command a party of thirty men at Fort Halifax, which you are to finish with all possible expedition, observing not to suffer your party to straggle in small numbers into the woods, or to go any groat distance from the fort unless detached as an escort, or in cause of special orders for that purpose. You are to build barracks within the fort for your men and also a store-house thirty feet by twelve, in which you are carefully to lodge all provisions, stores, etc., belonging to the province ; if the boards purchased for that purpose are not suflficient to finish the banquette and execute the other designs herein recom- mended, your men are to be employed in sawing more out of the pine- logs now lying near the fort. You are to keep a constant guard, and relieve regularly, to have continual one sentry in each bastion, and in case of an attack to retreat to the fort and defend it to the last extremity. " If anything extraordinary occurs you are immediately to dispatch notice thereof to his honor the governor, and to signify the same to me if any relief or instruction may be necessary. " William Clapham." On the 17th of August there was very little ammu- nition here, and on October 9th, according to a return by Capt. Jameson, " the Garrison consisted of two Serjeants, two Corporals, forty-two privates — ammu- nition, 160R)s Gunpowder, SOOfts. musket balls, and 60S)s. shot and lead, — provisions 14000ibs. fresh beef, 1 Bbl. salt beef, and 700ft)S. flour. An escort is or- dered of fifteen men under a Serjeant to conduct the Waggon Master General, Mr. Irwin, from Hunter's to Fort Halifax, there join a detachment from Capt. Jameson's Company, to be commanded by Lieut. Anderson, and march to Fort Augusta. To preserve communications between the inhabitants and Au- gusta and for conveniency of Escorts and Transpor- tation of provisions and ammunition there should be one hundred in Garrison at Fort Halifax." In July, 1757, a petition was presented to the Governor for a removal of the garrison from Halifax to Hunter's, the defense of the former being considered of little ac- count to the inhabitants south of the mountains. It is supposed this removal was soon effected, for we hear nothing more of its occupancy. It was situated on the east bank of the Susquehanna, near the mouth of Armstrong's Creek, about half a mile above the town of Halifax. FOET McKee.— With regard to the time of the erection of this fort and its precise locality we are ignorant. But as we find instructions to Thomas McKee, dated Jan. 26, 1756, we suppose it to have been erected in 1756. He is directed "to receive from the officer commanding the detachment of Capt. Beed's company at Hunter's Mill, and who you are to relieve, such arms, accoutrements, blankets, tools, and stores as he may have in his hands belonging to the Province, with which you are to furnish' your company ; but if that should not be sufficient, you are to apply to Capt. Frederick Smith for a further supply out of what he will receive from Capt. Eeed and Capt. Hendricks." He is afterwards appointed, under a commission, captain of a company, to consist of twenty-eight men and two sergeants, besides him- self and lieutenants. He is ordered to " proceed im- mediately to raise the company ; when complete, they are to be mustered before James Galbraith, Esq., and after being mustered they are to march to a place called Hunter's Mill, on the Susquehanna Eiver, and either complete the fort already begun there, or build another at such convenient place as James Galbraith shall advise ; and in case it should be thought neces- sary to erecfa new fort, you are to build it of the form and dimensions herewith given to you." The next notice of it is in a letter from Edward Shippen, dated Lancaster, April 19th, where he says, " I have been at Capt. McKee's fort, where I found several Indians —several women very sick in bed. John Shekellamy GENERAL HISTORY. 49 was there, but did not like his situation"—" there is no room scarce at Capt. McKee's fort for provisions" — " the enemy can come over the hills at five miles from McKee's Fort" — " there are several bad passes as far as McKee's plantation, where I have been, it is but 25 miles from Hunter's Mill." Colonel Clap- ham says to Governor Morris, " I shall have 24 men at McKee's store under the command of an Ensign, as I have removed all the stores from Harris' and McKee's to this place (Halifax). May 17. They have very little ammunition at McKee's." It was named for Thomas McKee, the Indian trader, who had a plantation on the Susquehanna, near the falls which still bear his name. It was situated on the East Branch of the Susquehanna, between Forts Hali- fax and Augusta. It was probably a stockade, noth- ing more. FoBT Manady. — This fort was erected in 1755, and was situated on or near the Manady Creek, in East Hanover township, Dauphin Co., probably near the gap in the mountain of the same name as the fort. It was sometimes called the stockade at Robertson's ■ Mill, and in the centre between Fort Hunter and Swatara. But little seems to have been known of this fort, or rather stockade, for it was probably nothing more. The creek still retains its name, and is a branch of Swatara. Here Col. Burd, in February, 1758, prom- ised the country people to station an oflScer and twenty-five men, which gave the people content. Jan. 26, 1756, in instructions to Adam Reed, it is said, " Having appointed Captain Frederick Smith to take post with an independent company at the Gap where the Swatara passes the mountains, and to sta- tion a detachment of his company at Manady, there will be no necessity of your continuing longer upon guard in that part of the frontier ; you will therefore dismiss the men now employed in that service and deliver to Captain Smith such arms and accoutre- ments, blankets, and stores, belonging to the Province, as have at any time come to your hands." And un- der same date, after instructing Captain Frederick Smith to leave a part of his company at Swatara, he is directed " to proceed to the Gap, where the River Manady passes the mountains, and either take pos- session and strengthen the stoccado already erected there, or erect a new one as you shall judge best," and then return to the fort at Swatara. He is to "leave 20 men, under the command of a com- missioned officer, at the Fort at Manady." Capt. Smith is to communicate his instructions to the officers he shall have at the fort at Manady. Col. Weiser, in a letter to Governor Morris, July 11, 1756, says, " 9 men are to stay constantly in Manady Fort, and 6 men to range Eastward from Manady toward Swatara, and 6 men to range Westward towards Sus- quehanna, and each party to reach the fort before night." James Galbraith says, in a letter to Edward Shippen, dated Derry, 9th August, " there were two 4 soldiers killed and one wounded about two miles from Manady." Justice Reed informs Edward Shippen, in October, of Indians being at the house of Philip Robertson, whose son being on the corner of the fort, watching others dressing flesh by him, observed an Indian, who fled, but was fired upon by the watch- man, who missed him. This was about three-quarters of a mile from Manady Fort. The journal of James Patterson, from Fort Hunter, says, " I took with me 19 men, and ranged this fort as far as Robinson's Fort, where I lodged, keeping guard of 6 men and one corporal on sentry that night. On the 6th of July I sent a sergeant and corporal, with 15 men, along the frontiers of Paxtang and Manadys, about 14 miles from this fort, and on the 7th they returned to said fort (Hunter), having seen some Indians who ran off." FOBT AT Haeeis' Feeey.— This was simply a stockade. On the 29th of October, 1755, John Har- ris writes to Edward Shippen at Lancaster that he has advice that forty Indians " are out many days and intend to burn my house and destroy myself and family. I have this day cut holes in my house and is determined to hold out till the last extremity if I can get some men to stand by me, few of which I can at present, every one being in fear of their own families being cut off every hour (such is our situation)., he recommends building a strong fort up Susquehanna [p. 656]." Governor Morris held a conference with the Indians, Jan. 8, 1756, at Harris', there being then but " one single house and few conveniences;" "but two Indians and their families" attended, and the confer- ence was adjourned to Carlisle by advice of Col. Weiser, where they met January 13th, and then to Lancaster, and the result seems to have been a deter- mination to erect a chain of forts along the Susque- hanna. On April 19, 1756, Mr. Shippen writes the Governor that " John Harris has built an excellent Stockade round his house, which is the only place of security that way for the provisions for the army, he having much good cellar room, and as he has but six or seven men to guard it, if the Governor would order six more men there to strengthen it, it would in my opinion be of great use to the cause, even were no pro- visions to be stored at all" ..." this stockade of Har- ris' ought by all means to be supported." John Har- ris, writing on the 5th of November, the same year, says, " Here is at my fort two prisoners that came from Shamokin." Again he writes to the Governor, " I hope your honor will be pleased to continue some men here during these calamitous times in our fron- tiers, as this place and the conveniences here may be of service if defended," ..." we have had a town- meeting since the murders committed in Hanover township, and have unanimously agreed to support twenty men in our township at the mountain, there to range and keep guard, or watch day and night for one month.'' FoET AT Robinson's. — This was probably only a 50 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. private fort, erected about 1755, at the house of Sam^ uel Robinson, in Hanijver township. Governor Mor- ris, in a letter to him on Nov. 11, 1755, says, " At the request of the people of Hanover Town, in your neigh- borhood, I have ordered one hundredweight of gun: powder and two hundredweight of lead to be deliv- ered to you, which you will carry to the fort at your house and distribute among the inhabitants in as equal a manner as may be, and recommend it to them to be careful of it." In December, 1758, James Patterson, in his journal, at Fort Hunter, says, '■ I took with me nineteen men and ranged from this fort as far as Robinson's Fort, where I lodged, keep- ing a guard of six men and one corporal on sentry that night." It is probable that this last, as well as the former paragraph, alludeS to Fort Manady, which was situated in Hanover township, and was some- times known as the " stockade at Robertson's Mill," and in the centre between Fort Hunter and Swatara. (See " Fort Manady.") Fort HtrNTEB. — When or by whom this fort was erected is not certainly known from the records. It was probably as early as 1755, as in an order to Adam Reed, Jan. 10, 1756, a fort is spoken of at Hunter's mill. It is there said that " the commissioners think- ing that the company of fifty men under your com- mand are suflScient to guard the frontier along the Kittochtinny Hills from your own house to Hunter's mill, have refused for the present to take any other men in that quarter into the pay of the government, and requested me to order, and I do hereby accord- ingly order you to detach twenty-five of the men now at your house to the fort at Hunter's mill, upon the Susquehanna, under the command of your lieutenant or officer next under yourself, to range the woods along and near the mountains towards your house,'' and another party to " range towards Hunter's mill." To these are to be added twenty more men of Paxtang township, making thirty for that service. Thomas McKee was appointed to take post at or near Hun- ter's mill, and to receive from the commanding officer there the detachment of Capt. Reed's company, with arms, etc., belonging to the Province. On the 26th of January, 1756, James Galbraith is told by the Governor that " Thomas McKee is instructed to ad- vise with him whether to finish the fort already begun at Hunter's mill or to build a new one, and as to the place where it would be best to erect such new one.'' Governor Morris writes to Col. Olapham, on the 7th of April, 1756, " As a magazine of provisions and other warlike stores will very soon be formed at or near Hun- ter's mill upon the river Susquehanna, I think it neces- sary for the protection thereof and for other purposes, to order that you appoint the said place called Hun- ter's mill, or some convenient place near it, for the general rendezvous of the regiments now raising, and that you order all the men already enlisted, not employed on some other service, to march immediately to the said rendezvous, and all your recruiting parties to send their recruits thither from time to time. You will order proper guards upon the magazine, and upon the boats and canoes which shall be collected there pursuant to my orders you will give directions that the officers and men keep themselves in good order, and ready to go upon duty at an hour's warning." On April 16, 1746, the Governor informs the com- mander that he has ordered 'dColonel Clapham to rendezvous his regiment at or near Hunter's mill, where he has ordered a number of canoes to be col- lected and fitted for transporting the stores to Sham- okin.'' Col. Weiser is ordered to send two of the most trusty Indians to Hunter's mill for intelligence. There is great confusion among the Indians up the West Branch of the Susquehanna. Col. Clapham says, July 1, from Halifax, " that he shall leave at Har- ris' a Serjeant's party consisting of 12 men, 24 at Hunter's fort. The fort here wants ammunition." Edward Shippen, speaking, on the 19th of April, of Harris' as a storehouse, says, " Hunter's house in- deed would answer such a purpose were it stockaded; but as it is quite naked and stands 5 or 600 feet from the fort, the enemy may surprise it and kill the people and set the roof on fire in three or four places at once, and if the sentries should discern the fire as soon as it begins to blaze, it might be too difficult a task for them to quench it without buckets or pails. Hunter's mill is but 25 miles from Capt. McKee's plantation." This Capt. McKee is spoken of on 24th February as having had the command "of a fort at Hunter's mill, near the place where the blue hills cross the Susquehanna." Col. Clapham writes to the Governor on the 11th of June, 1756, " I have also stationed a party of 24 men under the command of Mr. Johnson, at Hunter' s fort, with orders to defend that post and the neighborhood, and to escort any provisions that should come to him up to McKee's store." On the 25th of November the commanding officer is ordered " to take great care of the batteaux," and " to weigh the two cannon which now lie in the water." On the 13th of November the state of the garrison was, " 2 Serjeants, 34 privates — ammunition, 4J- pounds powder, 28 pounds lead— provisions, 1000 pounds flour, 2000 pounds beef— 2 men's times up." Robert Erwin, on his way from Philadelphia with horses, applies to Mr. Mears, commandant, for an escort of fifteen men from the garrison, as he understood from Maj. Burd, at Augusta, Col. Clapham had ordered to be furnished, but was refused, saying, "Colonel Clapham had no command of him or his men." Learning that there was the greatest want of horses at Augusta, Mr. Erwin pursued his journey without the escort. Governor Denny writes to the Proprietaries, 9th April, 1757, "The long frontier between the Susque- hanna and Delaware was to be defended by Col. Weiser's battalion, and all the forts reduced to three (of which this fort does not appear to be one), with a GENEKAL HISTORY. 51 garrison of one hundred men." Eev. John Elder, 30th July, 1757, says, " The defense of Halifax is of no advantage, but a garrison at Hunter's, under the command of an active officer, will be of great service. It will render the carriage of provisions and muni- tions for the use of Augusta more easy and less ex-, pensive, and by encouraging the inhabitants to con- tinue in their places will prevent the weakening of the settlements." James Galbraith, writing from this fort Oct. 1, 1757, says, " Notwithstanding the happy situation we thought this place was in on Capt. Bussfi's being stationed here, we have had a man killed and scalped this evening within twenty rods of Hunter's Fort. We all turned out, but night coming on so soon we could make no pursuit." And Capt. BussS writes that " twelve Indians were seen, but rainy weather prevented pursuit." James Patterson with his men were at this fort, and in his journal gives an interesting account of his operations against the In- dians, who were constantly appearing. On the 9th of February, 1758, there was one company of fifty- four men in the pay of the Province. Adjt. Kern, on the 5th, returns under Capt. Patterson and Lieut. Allen forty men, with forty-four Provincial arms, three having their own ; fifteen pounds powder, and twenty pounds lead. Barnabas Hughes was commissary here and at Swatara, which was twenty- four miles from this fort. James Burd in his journal (February 18th) " arrived at the fort at dark, and found Capts. Patter- son and Davis there with eighty men, who informed him they had not above three loads of ammunition per man. He ordered Barny Hughes to send up a barrel of powder and lead ; answerable in the mean time ; borrowed of Thomas Gallaher forty pounds of powder and one hundred pounds of lead. On the 19th he re- viewed "Captain Patterson's company, and found them complete 53 men, 44 province arms, and 44 car- touch boxes — no powder nor lead — divided i pint powder and lead in proportion a man ; found in this fort four months provision for the garrison." " Cap- tain Davis with his party of 55 men was out of am- munition, divided a i pint powder and lead in pro- portion to them. Captain Davis has got 12000 pounds of flour for the batteaux ; sundry of the batteaux are leaky, that they can't swim and must be left behind. Captain Patterson can't scout at present for want of officers; 3 men sick here." "Hence he went to Craw- ford's, 14 miles from Hunter's." G. Price writes Gov- ernor Denny, from whom he had a commission, from Fort Hunter, on the 20th July, 1758, " I was left in the garrison of Fort Hunter and received orders from General Forbes to repair it, and sent an engineer to inspect into its condition, who found necessary to stockade it, for which purpose I was to get the coun- try people; and accordingly applied to the several justices for the townships of Paxtang and Donegal, from whom he had no answer except by Parson Elder, who said nothing could be done till after harvest. The stockades are cut." Joseph Shippen, Jr., 23d June, 1763, was engaged at Fort Hunter in. receiving and forwarding to Augusta, by bateaux and canoes, provisions and other necessaries as they arrived from Philadelphia in wagons. Such are all the important facts to be collected from the records. The site of Fort Hunter is situated exactly six miles above Harrisburg, on the Susquehanna Eiver, at its junction with Fishing Creek. There are no re- mains of this fort, as upon its ancient foundations there is a very large storehouse, built by Archibald McAllister in 1814. The situation of this house is very commanding, about eighty feet above the river Susquehanna, and the surrounding scenery is of the most romantic character. During the Revolutionary war and the early pe- riods of our history, the block-house or fort occupied the site upon which now stands the large stone resi- dence owned by the estate of Daniel D. Boas. This fort was called the " English Fort Hunter." About a mile above this point, where the river has evidently forced its way through a mountain-pass, and where the river is narrow, deep, and swift, immediately be- low the romantic village of Dauphin, where immense rocks (not yet worn away by the hand of time or the friction of the water) jut out of the water, at this point, at the very base of the Kittochtinny Mountains, the river is called Hunter's Falls. In distinction from the " English Fort Hunter," there was another fort about one mile below this on the summit of the Second Mountain, a very high peak, entirely commanding the Susquehanna Eiver, over- looking Harrisburg, and called the " Indian Fort Hunter." At this point, tradition informs us, the Indians had some sort of an erection from which they would occasionally emerge, and after committing great depredations, would again retire to their stronghold, which was the terror of the country. CHAPTEE VI. The French and Indian War (continued) — Second Treaty at Harris' Ferry — The Indian Barbarities — Letters from Adam Eeed — Journal of Eev. Charles Beatty in 1756 — Officers and Men from Dauphin in the Provincial Service. In the spring of 1757, Col. George Croghan, dep- uty Indian agent for North America, was instrumen- tal in gathering at Harris' Ferry a large representa- tion of the Six Nation Indians, of the Delawares and the Shawanese. Information was at once sent to the Governor. The following are the minutes of the proceedings held at this point : " At a meeting of the Six Nations and their allies and George Croghan, Esq., Deputy agent to the Hon. Sir William Johnson, Baronet, his Majesty's sole agent and superintendent of affairs of the Six Na- tions, their allies and dependants, and by his special order, at John Harris', the first day of April, 1757. 52 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Present: The Eevd. John Elder, Capt. Thomas McKee, Mr. James Armstrong, Mr. Hugh Crawford, Mr. John Harris, William Prentup, Interpreter. "Mohawks; Tihansorea, Connadagaughia, Sogeo- hanna, Peter, with thirty-one others, men, women, and children. " Oneidas : Thomas King, Scarroyady, Tawnaquan- agis, with thirty others, men, women, and children. " Tuscaroras : Eeet King, with twenty-six others, men, women, and children. " Onondagoes : Ossaratonqua and his two brothers, with eighteen others, men, women, and children. " Nanticokes : Robert White, Joshua, with fourteen more, men, women, and children. " Cayugas : Ogarawtawrea, Orranoquare, Jenkasa- rone, with twenty others, men, women, and children. " Delawares : Samuel, Joseph Peepy, Thomas Evans, Jonathan, with twenty men, women, and children. " Senecas : George, with eight more, men, women, and children. " Connestogoes : Sahays, Captain John, with twenty- nine men, women, and children." The greater part of the proceedings were at Lan- caster; the following were at Harris' Ferry: " Brother : Tou and our brother OnaB wisely considered the anoieut custom of our forefathers, in condoling with us and mixing your grief with OUTS. And as we make no doubt but some of your wise connec- tions are dead since we were here, and many of our brethren have been killed by the evil spirit, we wipe the blood off your council-seats and put them in order with this belt of wampum. (Gave a belt.) "Brother: After wiping the blood off your council-seats, we, with those few skins, wrap up the bones of our brethren that died or were killed by the evil spirit, and cover their graves. (Gave a small bundle of skins.) "Brother: We, by this belt of wampum, wipe the tears from your eyes, and desire you may mourn no more. (Gave a belt of wampum.) "Brother: We, with this' belt of wampum, disperse the dark clouds, that the sun may always shine upon us in friendship; we heal your heart and free your mind from troubles, that we may meet each other in council and brighten the chain of friendshipmade by our forefathers, and that the council-fire may burn clear we throw a few chips on it." (Gave a belt.) The same evening, Col. Croghan had a meeting of the sachems, and proposed going to Philadelphia to hold the treaty ; but he could not prevail on any of them to go there, except the Mohawks ; the rest were afraid of sickness. When he found they were not to be prevailed on to go there, he called a council, and with a belt of wampum removed the council-fire to Lancaster ; to which place they all agreed to go and wait the arrival of Teedyuscung, with the Senecas, Delawares, and Shawanese. He gave a belt to re- move the council-iire to Lancaster, and on the 7th of April arrived at Lancaster from John Harris', where a treaty of amity was concluded, to the satisfac- tion of all concerned it would seem ; but the result proved the perfidy of the Indian, who accepted the white man's presents and, returning from the treaty, murdered the unsuspecting settlers. Notwithstanding the ranging of the troops along the mountains, and the extraordinary measures taken to defend the frontiers, the marauding savages stole through the mountain fastnesses and committed their atrocities. James Galbraith, writing from Derry township under date of 10th of August to the Gov- ernor, says, — " Honored Sir : " There is nothing here, almost every day, but murder by the Indians in some parts or other. About five miles above me, at Manada Gap, there were two of the Province soldiers killed and one wounded. There were but three Indians, and they came in among ten of our men and committed the murder and went off safe. The name, or sight of an Indian, makes almost all in these parts tremble; their barbarity is so cruel where they are masters; for,^y all appearance, the devil commu- nicates, God permits, and the French pay, and by that the hack parts, by all appearance, will be laid waste by flight, with those who are gone and going ; more especially Cumberland County. "Pardon my freedom in this wherein I have done amiss. " Sir, your most bumble servant, "James Galbeaith." Squire Eeed, writing from Hanover under date of the 7th of August to Edward Shippen, of Lancaster, gives this account of the foregoing affair, — " Sir, — Yesterday Jacob Ellis, a soldier of Capt. Smith's, at Brown's, about two miles and a half over the first mountain, just within the Gap, having some wheat growing at that place, prevailed with his oflicfers for some of the men to help him to cut some of the grain ; accordingly ten of them went, set guards and fell to work. At about ten o'clock they had reaped down and went to the head to begin again, and before they had all well begun three Indians, having crept up to the fence just behind them, fired upon them and killed the corporal, and another who was standing with a gun in one hand and a bottle in the other was wounded; his left arm is broken in two places so that his gun fell, he being a little more down the field than the rest. Those who were reap- ing had their fire-arms about half-way down the field standing at a large tree. As soon as the Indians had fired, and without loading their guns, they leaped over the fence right in amongst the reapers — one of them had left his gun on the outside of the field— they all ran promiscuously while the Indians were making a terrible haloo, and looked more like the devil than Indians. The soldiers made for their fire-arms, and as three of them stood behind the tree with their arms, the Indian that came wanting his gun came within a few yards of them and took up the wounded soldier's gun and would have killed another had not one perceived him, fired at him, so thfft he dropped the gun. The Indians fied. and in going off, two soldiers standing about a rod apart an Indian ran through between them they both fired at him yet he escaped. When the Indians were over the fence a soldier fired at one of them, upon which he stooped a little; the three Indians escaped. Immediately after leaving the field, they fired one gun and gave a haloo. The sol- diers hid the one that was killed, went home to the fort, found James Brown, who lives in the fort, and one of the soldiers missing. " The lieutenant, accompanied by some more, went out and brought in the dead man ; but still Brown was missing. Notice was given on that night. I went up next morning with some hands. Capt. Smith had Bent up more men from the other fort ; these went out next morn- ing; against I got there, word was come in that they had found James Brown, killed and scalped. I went over with them to bring him home. He was killed with the last shot, about twenty rods from the field his gun, his shoes, and jacket carried off. The soldiers who found him said that they tracked the three Indians to the second mountain, and they found one of the Indian's guns a short distance from Brown's corpse, as it had been not worth much. They showed me the place where the In- dians fired through the fence, and it was just eleven yards from the place where the dead man lay. The rising ground above the field was clear of standing timber and the grubs low, so that they had kept a look- out. "The above account you may depend on. We have almost lost all hopes of everything, hut to move off and lose our crops that we have cut with so much difficulty. " I am your Honor's servant, " Adah Beed." Some time in the latter part of October the Indians again visited Hanover township, where they mur- dered, under circumstances of much cruelty, several GENERAL HISTORY. 53 families, among whom was one Andrew Berryhill. On the 22d of October they killed John Craig and his wife, scalped them both, burned several houses, and carried off Samuel Ainsworth, a lad about thirteen years old. The next day they scalped a German, whose name has not been given. On the 14th of the month Squire Eeed addresses a letter to Edward Shippen and others on the situation of affairs in his neighborhood. The transactions mentioned partly occurred in what is now Lebanon County, and we.have referred to them in the history thereof, but now give the letter in full : " Friends (md Fellow BubjectB : " I send you in a few Hues the melancholy condition of the frontiers of this country. Last Tuesday, the 12th Inst., ten Indians came to Noah Frederick while ploughing, killed and scalped him, and carried away three of his children that were with him, — the oldest but nine years old, — and plundered his house, and carried away everything that suited their purpose, such as clothes, bread, butter, a saddle, and a good rifle gun, Ac, it being but two short miles to Oapt. Smith's fort at Swatara Gap, and a little better than two miles from my house. '' Last Saturday evening an Indian came to the house of Philip Rob- inson, carrying a green bush before bim, said Robinson's son being on the corner of his fort watching others that were dressing flesh by him ; the Indian perceiving that he was observed, fled ; the watchman fired, but missed himj this beinj; about three-fourths of a mile from Manady Fort; and yesterday morning, two miles from Smith's Fort at Swatara, in Bethel township, as .Tacob Farnwell was going from the house of Jacob Meylie to his own, was fired upon by two Indians and wounded, but escaped with his life; and a little after, in said township, as Freder- ick Hewly and PeterSample were carrying away their goods in wagons, were met by a parcel of Indians and all killed, lying dead in one place and one man at a little distance. But what more has been done has not come to my ears, only that the Indians were continuing their murders. '' The frontiers are employed in nothing else than carrying off their effects, so that some miles are now waste. We are willing, but not able, without help — you are able, if you be willing (that is, including the lower parts of the county), to give such assistance as will enable us to recover our waste land. Tou may depend upon it, that, without assist- ance, we, in a few days, will be on the wrong side of you ; for I am now on the frontier, and I fear that by to-morrow night I will be left two miles. " Gentlemen : Consider what you will do, and don't be long about it ; and don't let the world say that we died as fools died ! Our hands are not tied, but let us exert ourselves and do something for the honor of our country and the preservationof our fellow-subjects. I hope you will communicate our grievances to the lower part of our county, for surely they will send us help, if they understood our grievances. " I would have gone down myself, but dare not; my family is in such danger. I expect an answer by the bearer, if possible. " I am, gentlemen, your very humble servant, " Adam Reed. "P.S. — Before sending this away I would mention, I have just re- ceived information that there are seven killed and five children scalped alive, but have not the account of their names." On the 16th of May, 1757, eleven persons were killed at Paxtang by the Indians, and on the 19th of August following fourteen people were killed and taken from Mr. Sankey's congregation, and one man killed near Harris' Ferry. At this period negotiations for peace commenced with the powerful chieftains of the Dela- ware and Shawanese tribes, when the barbarities of the Susquehanna Indians somewhat abated. But the French and Western Indians still roamed in small parties over the country, committing many depreda- tions. From the Pennsylvania Gazette, in 1757, we glean the following : " We hear from Lancaster that six persons were taken away by the Indians from Lan- caster County on the 17th of August. . . . Since our last we learn from Lancaster that there was nothing but murdering and capturing among them by the Indians; that on the 17th of August one Beatty was killed in Pextan ; that the next day James Mackey was murdered in Hanover, and William and Joseph Barnett wounded ; that on the same day were taken prisoners a son of James Mackey, a son of Joseph Barnett, Elizabeth Dickey and her child, and the wife of Samuel Young and her child, and that ninety-four men, women, and children were seen flying from their places in one body, and a great many more in smaller parties. So that it was feared the settlements would be entirely forsaken. . . . Our accounts in general from the frontiers are most dismal ; all agree that some of the inhabitants are killed or carried oflF, houses burned and cattle de- stroyed daily, and at the same time they are afiiicted with severe sickness and die fast. So that in many places they are neither able to defend themselves when attacked nor to run away." A letter from Hanover township, dated Oct. 1, 1757, says that the neighborhood is almost without inhabitants, and on that day and the day before several persons were killed by the savages in Hanover. On the 25th of November, Thomas Eobeson and a son of Thomas Bell were killed and scalped by the In- dians in that township ; but the Indians immediately went off after committing other murders. The fol- lowing letter was written to Governor Denny by the commandant at Fort Hunter : " Fort Hitntbe, the 3d of October, 1757. '* May it please your Honor: " In my coming back from ranging the frontiers, on Saturday, the 3d inst., I heard that the day before, twelve Indians were seen not far from here. As it was late and not knowing their further strength, I thought to go at daybreak next morning, with as many soldiers and battaux men as I could get; but in a short time heard a gun fired off, and run- ning directly to the spot, found the dead body of one William Martin, who went into the woods to pick up chestnuts where the Indians were lying in ambush. I ordered all the men to run into the woods, and we ranged until it got dark. The continued rain we have had hindered me from following them. A number of the inhabitants had come here to assist in pursuing the Indians, but the weather prevented them. There were only three Indians seen by some persons who were sitting before Mr. Hunter's door, and they say all was done in less than four minutes. That same night I cautioned the inhabitants to he on their guard ; and in the morning I ranged on this side of the mountain ; but the next day, my men being few in number by reason of fourteen of them being sick, I could not be long fi-om the garrison ; and it seems to me there is a great number of the enemy on this side of the river. "The townships of Paxtang and Derry have agreed to keep a guard some time in the frontier houses from Manaday to Susquehanna, and expect that your Honor will be pleased to reinforce this detachment. "If these townships should break up the communication between fort Augusta and the inhabitants, they would be greatly endangered. " I am with great respect, etc., "Christian Busse." On the 17th of October, as four of the inhabi- tants near Hunter's Fort were pulling their Indian corn, two of them — Alexander Watt and John Mc- Kennet^were killed and scalped, their heads cut off, the other two scalped. Hearing of it Capt. Work, of the Augusta regiment, went down with 54 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. some men from Fort Halifax, met the savages on Peter's Mountain, about twenty of them, when they fired upon him at about forty yards' distance, upon which his party returned the fire, and put the enemy to flight, leaving behind them five horses, with what plunder they had got ; and one of the Indians was supposed to have been wounded by the blood that was seen in their tracks. None of Capt, Work's men were hurt. The newspapers of the period and the State archives are full of these atrocious and brutal murders. An Indian council was held in Easton in October, 1758, at which the chiefs both of the Six Nations and the Delawares were present, and met the agents of Pennsylvania and New JerseJ", and George Croghan, the agent of Sir William Johnson. The causes of the late war were fully discussed, complaints of the In- dians concerning land were listened to, and all differ- ences amicably adjusted ; and a message was sent by the Six Nations ordering the Shawanese and Twigt- wees, on the Ohio, to desist from their hostilities on penalty of being attacked by them, Teedyuscung at this treaty received one of those insulting taunts from the Six Nations by which they too often exhibited their national superiority ; taunts, however, which were deeply revenged upon the whites in after-years, when the Delawares had thrown off" the galling yoke. Teedyuscung supported his station with dignity and firmness, and refused to succumb ; and the different Indian tribes at length became reconciled to each other. That treaty in some measure calmed the ap- prehensions of the people, and for a time the settlers of this region enjoyed a period of rest. During the war, among the Provincial officers was Rev. Charles Beatty, who was appointed chaplain to one of the Pennsylvania battalions. His journal of the year 1756 contains facts relating to this locality which are to be found nowhere else, and that is our excuse for printing it. JOURNAL KEPT IN 1756. " Having received his honor, the Governor's commission to be chaplain to the regiment of foot in the Provincial service under the command of Col. William Clapham, and having the advice and concurrence of the Commission of the Synod, who appointed supplys for the congregation in my absence — set out from home in order to join the regiment at Har- ris' Ferry, Monday, May 3, 1756. I was accompanied as far as Schuyl- kill by my elders, and some other friends— and having stopped at a friend's house, not far from the road to refresh myself, reached as far aa the sign of the ship on the Lancaster Road, at which I lodged. Felt my need of the Divine presence to be with me in my dangerous or at leaat difficult undertaking. " Tuesda^^ May Uh. — Set off very early in the morning ; breakfasted at Rev. Mr, Smith's, at Pequea, who accompanied me as far as Mrs. Cal- well's where I parted with my good friend Mr. Daniel McLean, who ac- companied me from home thus far. Reached Lancaster in the after- noon—put up at Mr. Saunders', Col. Clapham and Capt. Lloyd came to see me, and telling me that the Governor was in town, I waited upon hie honor in the evening, who received me veiy kindly. Went to bed early, as I had been wet with the rain on my journey. "May 5th. — Left Lancaster about ten o'clock, in company with the Governor, colonel, and several other officers and gentlemen, and having dined at B. Hughes', reached Harris' Ferry in the evening. A little after our arrival the soldiers were ordered to attend prayers, but while I was waiting with the Governor and other gentlemen for the men Harris' house took fire, and the alarm and confusion was such as to pre- vent public prayer, "Qth. — Had morning prayer. Met with an accident when lifting up poles for a tent, the ridge pole fell and cut me just above the eye, and the blood settled about it. "Sabbath, 9th. — Preached from Exod. xxxiii. 16. This I thought a proper subject to begin with, as we are going on a very important affair, '^Scibbath, iBth. — Preached twice to a number of country people, aa well as to the soldiers, with freedom to myself, and the audience seemed serious, and some impressed. " Tuesday, ISth. — Preached at Roan's meeting house, in Paxtang, at the Invitation of the people, with liberty and sweetness. The attention of the people engaged and some affected. Called after sermon to see Mr. Elder, but found him not at home. " Thursday, 20/ft. — Preached at Yellow Breeches, over Susquehanna, at a meeting house belonging to the Presbytery of Donegal, at the peo- ple's invitation. Returned in the evening to camp. One of my pistols went off as I was laying it down, but God be praised, did no hurt " Friday, 2\st. — This being appointed by the Governor to be kept aa a day of Fasting and Prayer — his honor, the Governor, being present, it was generally observed. Preached twice to a great audience, many at- tending from both sides of the river — in the forenoon from Luke xiii. 3. " Xord's Day, May 23d. — Preached but once, as the people were en- gaged. " Tuesday, 2Uh. — The Governor left the camp in order to return to Philadelphia, at which the men were drawn up under arms, the cannon fired. Accompanied him with most of the officers belonging to the Regiment, as far as Swartara creek, and returned to camp in the even- ing. Crossed Susquehanna with my good friend Mr. Armstrong; went as far as Tobias Hendricks,' where we lodged, prayed in the family. Next morning conversed with the landlord, who had been sometime sick. " Wednesday^ 26(ft. — Reached Carlisle ; prepared to preach in the even- ing at the desire of the people, but it raining prevented. " Thursday. — Preached in the afternoon to a considerable number, with\freedom, and had reason to think that it was blessed to soma of God's people. Returned to Mr. Annstrong's. *' Friday. — Preachfed at William Abernethey's. Returned safely in the evening camp. *' Sabbath, May SOtlt. — Preached twice — in the afternoon to the country people. " MondoAf, 2\Bt. — Set off from Harris' in company -with Dr. Lloyd and several officers ; and a company of men followed. Arrived safely at McKee's store, where we found the Colonel. The reason of our staying BO long at Harris' was to get batteaux built to transport our stores and provisions to Shamokiu. Had but a poor night's lodging, not having my tent or any bedding. " June 4(A. — Major Burd with the last division of the regiment joined us. Second Lieutenant, George Allen, and forty men, dressed aa In- dians, sent out as scouts to Shamokin. "bth. — The Colonel in the afternoon marched with four companies. Reached Foster's, about three miles, where we encamped. "Smday, Uh. — Rose early; and after prayers, began our march; halted for breakfast after four miles, then marched on to Armstrong's, when we encamped., " Monday, 7fA.— Began to fell timber for building a Fort 160 feet square, called Fort Halifax. " Tuesday. — Scouta returned, having gone only 18 miles when they imagined they were discovered and surrounded by the Indians. Many alarms, reports, and detentions. " Sabbathf \^th. — Preached from Rev. iii. 12, Received a proclamation from the Governor of a cessation of arms against the Indians on the East side of the Susquehanna for 30 days, and at the same time an ac- count of several pereons killed and scalped at the forks of Swatara, sup- posed to be by those Indians discovered at Lee'a house on the 8th inst. " Saturday, 19th. — A number of the soldiers mutinied, chiefly Dutch. "Sabbath. 20th.— A. general court-martial to try the prisoners, most of whom were discharged aa innocent. This prevented most of the officers from attending. Preached upon conscience, with a particular applica- tion to those who mntinied. " F}-ida/y,2oth.—EnBien Atley came to catop, and brought up under guard two Dutchmen, deserters, who had sacreligiously mutilated an Indian in his grave. " Sabbath, 27/^.— Were alarmed by the advance guard firing at a mark. The whole regiment were under arms, advanced immediately, expecting to engage every minute, which prevented sermon in the forenoon. So just as service began in the afternoon, had another alarm, but few, alas! GENERAL HISTORY. 55 Beemed to regret the disappointment. Wickedness seems to increase in the camp, which gives me a great deal of uneasiness. " Wednesday, SOth. — Orders were given that all should march the next morning. " Thursday, July lat. — Up early to prepare for marching. Desired the Colonel to leave the women behind, according to his promise, especially those of bad character. Accordingly they were all ordered to be paraded, and the Major had orders to leave such, as he saw fit behind ; but when this came to be done, one of the officers pleaded for one, and another for another, saying that they could wash, &c., so that few were left of a bad character, and these would not stay but followed us that night, and kept with us. '* IHday and Saturday. — Crossed the river by batteaux, Officers and men. Then started to march in seven divisions, Indian file, instantly expecting an attack, before starting had prayer and exhortation. " Babbath, 4i/i. — One of the batteaux which had on it a cannon was up- set, which occasioned a great deal of labour, and what profane swearing was there. If I stay in the camp my ears are greeted with profane oaths, and if I go out to shun it, I am in danger of the enemy — what a dilemma ia this? But my eyes would be toward the Lord. ** Monda/y. — Marched twelve or fifteen miles, and saw many traces of the enemy as near at hand. That night under cover of darkness we re- crossed the river in batteaux, the Colonel and myself in the first division. " Tuesday. — The Colonel and Captain Shippen went out in a boat, and ftom the river saw five Indians in the Fork, and with a glass saw othei-s skulking on the hills. After breakfast and prayers, marched and reached Shamokin about 10 o'clock, and immediately set about securing our- selves by a fascine breat-work — fixed our swivels and blind bushes, mounted some of our cannon as well as we could. The situation is fine. " Wednesday. — The batteaux having been unloaded were sent down to Halifax for the remainder of the stores, under an escort commanded by Lieut. Davis, who was advised to encamp on the Islands to prevent sur- prise by the enemy, signs of whom were seen in every direction. "Sabbath, 9ih. — The camp was alarmed by the bellowing of the cattle, and it was supposed the Indians were driving them off, and a surprise was expected. Two parties were sent oiit, which recovered eleven of the twenty cattle, but saw no Indians, This postponed preaching until afternoon. "M HISTORY OF I>AUPHIN COUNTY. to the large number of Tories in and around Phila- delphia during the Revolution, it was decided neces- sary by the Convention of July 15, 1776, which adopted the first Constitution of the State, and by the first Assembly acting under it, to adopt an oath of allegiance, a measure which was absolutely neces- sary to restrain the insolence of the Tories. To this measure of self-protection the Quakers of Chester, Bucks, and Philadelphia made stern resist- ance, and a number of the more prominent of them were exiled to Virginia, as an example to others of the fate which awaited those persisting in a refusal to take the oath. In the interior counties there was little or no objection. The people were patriotic from the first, and had an inborn hatred to British oppression and British tyranny. NAMES OF PERSONS WHO TOOK THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA IN PAXTANG TOWN- SHIP, 1777-79. In connection therewith we give the following copy of the certificate given each person suhscribing to the oath or afflrmation of aUegiance : " Lancaater county 88. "I DO hereby cektift, That John Simpson hath voluntarily taken and subscribed the Oath or Affirmation of Allegiance and Fidelity, as di- rected by an Act of General Assembly of Pennsylvania, passed the 13th day of June, a.d. 1777. Witness my hand and seal, the 14th day of Octo- ber, A.D. 1778. [l. 8.] " Joshua Eldee. "Printed by John Dunlap." "The following names are a list of persons who took and subscribed the oath of Allegiance and fidelity as directed by an act of General Assembly of Pennsylvania, passed the 13th Day of June, a.d. 1777. Be- fore me from the 14th Day of July of the same year to this day, as witness my hand and Seal the 28th Day of January, 1778. "Joshua Elder. [l.s.J." "We, the subscribers, do swear (or affirm), that we renounce and re- fuse all allegiance to George the Third, King of Great Britain, his heirs and successors, and that we will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvauia, as a free and independent State, and that we will not, at any time, do or cause to be done, any matter or thing that will be prejudicial or injurious to the freedom and independ- ence thereof, as declared by Congress, and, also, that we will discover, and make known to some justice of the peace of the said State, all treasons and traitorous conspiracies which wo now know, or hereafter shall know, to be formed against this or any of the United States of America." Joseph Gray. Thomas Mays. Ens. Kobert Gray. Alexander Porter. John Hilt. David Steneybreker... Adam Verts, Jr. Richard Peters. Jacob Weaver. -__ Leonard Stuber. — Christian Snoak. Michael Dibler. Nicholas Huffman. Jacob Shots. John Matter. Philip Haiiscolp. Stephen Bend. Joseph Steeber. George Feight. John Paul. Lieut, Thomas McArthur. Thomas Forster. Moses Wallace. John Harris. Kobert Mordach. '' John Harris. Barefoot Brunson. Col. Robert Elder. Lieut. Henry McKinney. Patrick McABoy. William Hagerty. James Fairman. John Gillereist. Col. James Cowden. Maj. Stephen Forster. Lieut. Jonathan McClure. Lieut, William Montgomery. James Spence. Capt. James Colier. Lieut. Fred. Hubley. Lieut, George Cocheran. James Monteith. John McGau. Alexander Duncan. Benjamin Jones, William Hadden. William Morrow. William Lochery. Alexander Trimble. Robert Smith. Capt, John Gillcrist. William Kirkpatrick. Robert Montgomery. Capt. John Rutherford? William Boyd. Samuel Cocheran. William Kerr. James Harris. John McKinnie. James Stevenson. James McKinney. Jacob Kreamer. Dr. Robert Kennedy. Capt. James Murry. Patrick Scott, Frederick Herman. Henry McKann, Abraham Gross, John Snider. Joseph Hutchison, John Elder, V.D.M. Samuel Shaw. Samuel Hutchison. Simon Leet. Capt. James Crouch. Dr. William Simanton. Samuel Wiley. John Elder, Jr. Edward King. Alexander McClure. Daniel Conn. Timothy Green, Esq. Andrew McClure, Astan Clap. William Willis. Richard Willis. Jacob Bener. James Rutherford. William Smith, Thomas Thacaray. William Scarlet. David Fult. Adonijah Mathers. Maxwel Chambers. James Mahon. David Mathias. Thomas Miller. William Wright. Patrick Sufleran. William Macky, Robert Watson. Capt. James Clark. William Duncan. William White, William Walker. Lieut. John Dickey. Joel Harner. James Byers. Robert Clark. Nathaniel Simpson. Robert Elder, Jr. John Postlethwait. William McClure. James Maxwell. James Mulherron, Christian Fox. John Flakinger, John Knoop. William Smith. Jacob Eppley. Andrew Stewart. John Keys. Michael Herron. John Mahan. Isaac Jones. John Chambers. William Kennedy. George Taylor. Thomas Black. George Holmes. James Bochanan. Samuel Taylor, Wm. Johnston. Robert Walker. Archibald Morrow. Malachai Powel. James Galbraith, Joseph Brown, Charles Gillespie, James Finney. Robert McCord. John Taylor. Henry Petner. Wm. Cocheran. John Bell. John Simpson. Jeremiah Sturgeon. Andrew Mayer. Samuel Neisbet. Hugh Willson. George Dixon. Robert Murdick. Samuel Simpson. Peregrine Jones. Archibald Currey. Joseph Eastburn. Conrad Switzer. Joseph Delavon. Frederick Wharton. John Gillmore. James Black. Thomas Orram. John McElheny. James McCall. Joseph Shaw. Wm. McClure. James Duncan. Thomas Owens. Richard Castor. Thomas Caldoc. George Caldoc, Conrad Manusmith. Wm. Williams. Casper Freer. John Duffield. Roan McClure. Samuel Smith. Joseph Smith. John Smith. John Chasney. John Cochran, Patrick Mcllhear. John Hagen. Wm. Bell. James Peocock. Conrad Bob. John Rineker. Wm. Faries. Peter Grant. John Weaver, Isaac Johnes. Matthew Food. Owen Evans, Hugh Mooney. Nicholas Jones. Peter Shields. GENERAL HISTORY. 97 "The within is a list of Peraon's Names who took the Oath of AUe- Robert Armstrong. ■William Bell. glance before Joshua Elder one of the Justices for Lancaster County, Samuel Pollock. Robert Gowdy. from the 28th of January, 1778, to the 7th of January, 1779." George Nagle. John Bell. Jacob Springer. Robert Chambers. Robert Wilson. Stophel Lark. John SproulB. John Graham. Alexander Wilson. Jacob Sheerly, Felix McCuskey Samuel McFadden. John Wilson. Michael Tonrell. John Spilenburg. James Curry. John Parker. George Adam Gardner. Christian Myer. George Louer. John Kiauer. Peter Corbatt. Valentine Hummel. John Eversol. Aquila Richard. Thomas Gallagher. Frederick Hummel, Jr. James Barber. James Burney. Andrew Bell. Abel Morgan. Peter Pancake. David Shaw. John Bell. Eobprt Brodie. Patrick Heany. John Brown. William Fulton. Joseph Fulton. Before Uie 2Uh of March, 1778. Thomas Mc Arthur, Arthur Chambers. Abner WickerBham. Howard Moore. Casper Byerly. • Michael Smith. Thomas Thompson. John Means. James Boggs. James DeFrance. John Donley. Thomas King. "William Aehcraft. Thomas Johnston. John Hinds. John Ailam Wertz. Joseph McElrath. John Wei-tz. Michael Shaver. Daniel Steever. Jacob Noss. Adam Deem. Conrad Yonce. James Work, Esq. Rowland Chambers. Philip Ettele. John Millegan. John Ryan, Jr. George Williams. Christian Gross, Jacob Derigh. George Minsker. Hugh Orockatt. Nicholas Cassel. John Darby. I'^'i'y Smith. John Thompson. Conrad Tate. Jeremiah Sullivan. John Seibert. Frederick Hummel. Joseph Flora, Jr. Michael Spade. Jolii Lanning, Sr. David Bitchey. David Tate, Jr. James Kyle. George Carson. Joseph Smith. Michael Lewis. Robert Crawford. Peter Flora. William Glover. William Lindsey. John Brown. Gottlieb David Ettelin. Peter Duffey. Anthony Pleason. Alexander Reynolds. Joh" Moore. John Garber. Robert MoGiU. Hugh Cunningham. Henry Davis. Col. Matthew Smith. Marcus Huling. Hugh Stuart. Hugh Jones. James Burd, Esq. Edward Burd, attorney. "~~^^"^"^~ John Foy. Geoi'Se W""^- William Sawyer. Adam Shelly. Henry Foght. Frederick Cundrum. Matthias Strean. Archibald McAllister, captain. John Mitchel. James Finey. Ludwick Hemperly. George Philip Shocken. William Wall. John Steel. Richard McClure. James McCord. Samuel Smith. William Steel. Thomas Crab. Peter Shuster. John Steel. John Brown. John Boland. John Larkey. Mungo Lindsey. William MoClenaghan. James Means. Jacob Toungman. Barney Shoop. 7 Abram Holmes. Daniel Dowdle. Conrad Derr. Michael Wolf. Simon Earedon. John King. Adam Kitchmiller. William Palm. Thomas Murray (colored), a prisoner. Joseph Fearer. David McCausland. Thomas Beard. John Maxwell. Jacob King. James Robertson. John Cline. Francis Conway. George Fouts. Francis Burleigh. Robert Neel. Samuel Barnet. Philip Conser. John Richmond. John Wilson. James Johnston. John Forster, James Walker. William Dickey. James Bell. John Cochran. James Watt. Patrick LaflFerty. Adam Means. James Wilson. Arthur Brisbin. Thomas Moore. Joseph Wilson, Jr. Fred. K, Forster. George Fridley. Jacob Fridley. Jacob Poorman. Joseph Wilson. David Rose. Henry Noramire. John Renick. John Elder. George Gray. James Veech. Edward McAtee. John Thomas. Ludwig Bretz. Thomas Wiley. Jacob Kerr. John Wonderleigh. John Burrowe. Hugh Montgomery. John Dyce. Philip Xinturf. Abraham Mooney. John Peter Vee. John Cavet. William Forster. Joseph CoUigan. James Leonard. William Ayers. Robert Armstrong. Moses Lockhart. Daniel McKoy. John Melone. John McFaddin. Robert Smith. Jacob Tinturf. Anthony Hoan. John Bowman. John Barnett. Thomas Nichols. Thomas Murray. Elisha Chambers. George Simmons. Paul Randolph. George Weatherhold. John Litle. Abraham Brunson. Maurice Sullivan. Benjamin Brown. Joseph LI tie. Laurence Hatten. Edward Wilcox. Charles McCoy. Robert Boyd. Jacob Miller. Abraham Edgar. Michael Caesel. Frederick Cassel. Jacob Cryder. Martin Heraperley. John Wonderleigh, Jr. John Saddler. George Pancake. John O'Neal. Andrew Smith. George Wreddle. Peter Patterson. John Whitehill. John Cochran. Michael Ault. Elijah Stuart. Alexander McGompsey. Samuel Cochran. Richard Carson. John Murray. William Willson. John Bell. John Miller. John Raredon. N.B. — One hundred and forty-three of the last-mentioned names oii this list, beginning at George Wood under the black line, were sworn and subscribed since the 1st day of June, 1778. A true copy from the original. Given under my hand and seal, Joshua Elder, [l.s.] NAMES OF PERSONS WHO TOOK THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE IN LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP, 1777-78. " Ij , do swear (or affirm) that I renounce and refuse all alle- giance to George the Third, king of Great Britain, his heirs and su(- cessors ; and that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania as a free and independent State, and that I will not at any time do or cause to be done any matter or thing that will be prejudicial or injurious to the freedom and independence there- of, as declared by Congress, and, also, that I will discover and make known to some justice of the peace of the said State all treasons and 9S HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. traitorous conspiracieB which I now know or hereafter shall know to be March 21. formed against this or any of the United States of America." Adam Henry. March 28. Julyd. Thomaa Seaton. James Bailey. Alesfander Barnet. March 30, Jubj 19. John Thorlton. Darby Caasecly. May 10. July 21. Philip Ruard. James Kernachan. John Kernachan. David Johnston. May 13. July 22. May 16. David Chambers. James Hineman. July 29. May 18. Michael Dermolt. William Jamison. Andrew Gross. John Black. James Scott. May 19. July 31. ThomM McAUen. Richard Allison. William Harvey. William Allison. August 1. May 23. Henry McGee. August 2. Jacob Shaffner. James Clunie, Archibald Walker. Thomas Ramsey, May 25. Robert Allison. Barney Queen. Syms Chambers. James Noble. Andrew Shill. Thomaa Clyde. David Ramsey. Samuel Fenton. Moses Campbell. John Campbell. Robert McQueen. Nicholas Hite. William Boal. Samuel Willson. William Campbell. Samuel Bell. Robert Moorhead. Robert Willson. John Dean. Joseph Chambers. May 26. Thomas Ogle, Hugh Hall. James McCan. Thomas Foot. Samuel Haunah. William Buck. Edward Brison. William Hineman. August 4. May 21. John Hay. John Logan. John Campbell. James Riden. George Allison. John Myer. James Russell. May 28. Augmt 11. John Drubingstoltz. John Black. Anthuny Bisman. John Blair. Peter Sheffer. August 12. May 30. John Kimper. Joseph McQueen. Henry Hine. Matthew Gray. Samuel Sherrer. John Johnston. Robert Bradon. William Gray. George Bell. David McQueen. Frederick Sellers. Christopher Kelly, John Jamison. John HagoD. William McKain. Samuel Campbel. William Hay. John Willson. Andrew Hunter. August 22. Christley Eater. James Morrison, David Jamison. Valentine Wirick. Alexander Long. August 28. ' George Louman. James Notman. David Watson. John Weir. Christian Spade. Timothy Conner. David Hays. Benjamin Boyd. Jacob Eater. Melchoir Rahn. Patrick Haya. James Kile. John Byers. October 27. William Braden. Jacob Zeiter. David Wray. John Smith. Juml. November 1. Henry Eager. Robert Cunningham. Joseph Shearer. Nicholas Redsacker. Jacob Sheaflfer. November 14. Conrad Meyer. Peter Capp. John Morrow. • James Donaldson. Baltzar Stotz. , November 1*7. Anthony Buck. Charles Imhoff. John Kain. James Kirkpatrick. John Town. November 30. Christian Pfisgar. Henry Metzler. RobeH Jamison. Thomas Buck. John Shan a. December 8. Daniel TJlwehee. David Mclntire. June 11. Flavel Roan. December 16. John Huffman. William Stewart. Jan. 3, 1778. June 12. Henry Due. February 10. Adam Miller. Christian Shearta. Jacob Holtz. Patrick Kelly. James Candour. John Ritzel. George Wood. Robert Rhea. Joseph McClIntock. August 10. February 12. Matthew Dewlar, David Hunter, David Mitchel. February 16. Edward Jackson. John McDonald. David McDonald. .lames Smith. Samuel Hineman. August 17. March 17. Michael Keiser. Matthias Blaner. James Willson. John Guilford. GENERAL HISTORY. 99 George Nuky. James Kenady. George Segrist. October 29. Peter Hiltzemer. Nicholas Stout. John Keller. " I do hereby certify that the above and within contents ia a true copy from the original, certified by me Nov. 4, 1778. Given under my hand and seal. "Jacob Cook." [l. s.] NAMES OF PERSONS WHO TOOK THE OATH OP ALLEGIANCE TO THE STATE OE PENNSYLVANIA IN HANOVER TOWN- SHIP, 1777-79. " We, the subscribers, do swear (or affirm) that we renounce and re- fuse all allegiance to George the Third, King of Great Britain, hie heirs and successors, and that we will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as a free and independent State, and that we will not, at any time, do, or cause to be done, any matter or thing that vpill be prejudicial or injurious to the freedom and inde- pendence thereof, as declared by Congress, and also that we will dis- cover and make known to some justice of the peace of the said State all treasons and traitorous conspiracies which we now know, or here- after shall know, to be formed against this or any of the United States of America." Jtdy 1, 1777. James Eipeth. William McCollough. William Young. John Armstrong. Robert Clark. William Brown. William McClure. ' John Hume. James Stewart. George Boal. John Dups. Daniel Musser. Andrew Young. Charles Barr. Patrick Nattan. Hugh Calhoun. Henry Laughlin. JohQ Carter. Joshua Magus. Robert Erekelton. James Young. Leonard Biisben. James Connor. Joseph Riddle. Colon Campbell. William Watt. John Torrance. William Glen. Neal McColIigan. Charles McElroy. John MoiTison. Charles Dougherty. Philip Pleasly. Adam Fierbaugh. Milkey Rahm. Valentine Conson. Peter Pearah. Henry Newfer. Martin Miller. John McNaughton. Richard Johnson. James Sloan. William Vance. Nicholas Brunner. John McFarland. Thomas Rowland. William Moore. William Cuningham. Robert Hervey. Robert Alexander. William McCormick. James McMillan. David Hoeney. Thomas McCullougb. Daniel Valeney. Robert Barr. Robert Bedford. Daniel Smith. John Now Ian. John Johnson. Randal McDonel. Samuel Starret. David Davis. William Hume. Robert Dickey. Moses Swan. Jacob MuBser. James Hambel. John Thompson. Robert Craig. Edward Tate. James Webster. John Kirkpatrick. William Allen, Sr. Conrad Helam, John Templeton. July 9. Peter Everaole. Jacob Brunner. July 16. John Pleasent. Henry Frite. JtOylQ. Conrad Smith. Jacob Besoer. Jvly 20. Jacob Cleaman. William Hedrick. July 21. William Miskimiua. Patrick Connor. James Low. Andrew Berryhill. Andrew Berryhill, Jr. William McRoberts. James McEwen. Alexander Berryhill. Joshua Elder, Esq. William Brandon. Abraham Ellis. Leonard Umbarger. Alexander Mcllhenny. John Miseely. Richard Deyermand. James Willson. Thomae Robinson. Thomas Hume. William Swan. Richard Swan. Robert Dalton. John Gowdey, Martin McClure. John Barnett. William Barnett. William Allison, George McMillan. James Johnston. Joseph McClure. David McCrokan. James Young. George Nord. John Poc. Albord Bowman. William Sterret. David Maffrot. Samuel Stewart. James Porter. James Blackburn. Hugh Gower. Robert McCuUey. James McClure. Joseph Hutchinson. Joseph Wilson. July 22. James Long. July 23. James Taylor. July 24. Conrod Rhodes. July 25. John Templeton. July 26. William Carson. July 27. August 1. Robert Kenedy. August 2. John Hewey. August 3. Andrew Kerr. August 4. Christly Bomberger. Absalom Charles. Abram Ellis. August 5. John Rogers. Henry Umbarger. John Pleasant. William Allen, Jr. Augmt 6. James Boyle. Thomas McClure. AUfgust 7. Robert Allen. John Mcllhenny'. Thomas Lintow. Richard Crawford. August 9. James Johnson. Augttst 10. August 12. John McGord. John Petoric. August 12. William Hill. August 14. Isaac Hody. Joseph Wilson. Robert Dunn. Robert McColey. James McCreight. August 15. Joseph McGuire. August 18. Robert Gilchrieat. August 19, Francis McClure. William Snodgrass. August 22. James Wallace. 100 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. "' August 28. John EpBworth. Thos. Bell. William Kithcart. Conrad Myer. James Andrew. Will'm Thom. WilUam Cowden. George Peters. Eman'l Twoey. Jacob Awl. James Alcorn. David Ramsey. Sam'l Sturgeon. Thos. McElhenny. David Ramsay. George Wolf. August 29. Thos. Strain, Jr. Michaes Myer. Jacob Smith. David Young, Michael Wallace. Jas. Peticrue, William Clark. Johu Burnett. Sam'l McOollough. Will'm Willson. August 30. Jacob Rahm. William Wilson. Thos. McCord. John Reed. John Kipeth. Samuel Robinson. John Brown. Jacob Gray. William Mitchell. September 1. Thomas Walker. Nicholas Yont. Joseph Barnet. Abram Brubaker. Mical Van Lear. William Crabb. AndV Rogers. John Yont. Stophel Heany. George Fleming. Wm. Smith. Nicholas Brubaker. Andrew Rogers. Bernard Fridley. James Long. Emos Smither. John Miller. Alexander Young. Will'm Bright. John Dunlap. September 3. Thos. Finney. John Wiggins. John Deyermond. John McQuown. John Calins. Matthew Crowser. 'Bohert Cooper. James McNamara. Francis Colter. John Henry. George Gilbarts. David Kindan. Lancaster County, ss. Josias White. JohnMcClellan. Amos Thatcher. I do hereby certify that the above mentioned persons have been sworn and aifirmed by me agreeable to the aflt of Assembly of Pennsylvania, September 12. passed June last, obliging the inhabitants to pay allegiance to the Thomas Sturgeon. Francis Carson. same. George McMahan. David Watson. Sertify'd the 4th March, 1778. TiM'r Green. September 17. William Brown. Jamea Beard. Henry Miller. John Todd. James Wilaon. Thomas Srain. Wm. Trousdale. David Todd. David McGuire. Michael Whitley. Christopher Capp. Wendel Bartholomew. John Breaur. John Snoddy. Henry Miller. Michael Mower. Peter Brown. William Snoddy. William Wallace. Gilbert Graham. John McMullan. Henry McCormick. Robert McCallen. Wm. McCauley. John Afford. Christ. Kichwine. John Miller. S^iemher 28. Michael Mulvear. Conrad Bombach. Michael Mulvear, Jr. Wm. Whitner. Thomas Cook. Robert Hill. John Wiggins. John Ashbough. John Adams. John Trousdale. Hugh Bay. Wm. Bollinger. 'James Robinson. Joseph Park. Abraham Jurey. Dan'l Hoffman. James Kogers. Thomas McNair. Samuel Jurey. Wm. Carpenter. Hugh Ripeth. John Campbell. John Francis Fox. The aforegoing names is the persons who have taken the oath of Al- Wm. Donaldson. David Strain. edgiance and fidelity to the Steat, Agreeable to an Act of Assembly of James Todd. Wm. Strain. Pennsylvania, sertified this 1st of October, 1777. Michael TJmberger. Alex. Sloan. TiM^Y Gbben. James McMillen. Wm. Ripeth. Alex. Kidd. Thos. Wallace. 1778. Wm. Kidd. Jacob Grove. Henry Bucher. Henry Miller. Arch. McCuUough. Fred. Pickle. John Cummins. Daniel Till. Christ. Fox. And. Cooper. Robert Lusk. Ludwig Sherrat. Christ. Brown. Michael Ryan. Duncan Campbell. Jacob Hereoflf. And. Brown. Robt. Hill. John Campbell. Peter Graseleas. Matthias Beaker. Dan'l Miller. David Peticrue. John Sayor. John Miller. George Haine. Henery Scriver. Robert Boal. John Beaker. John Carvery. Robert Henery. James Stewart. John Umberger. Adam Poor, John Thompson^* Thomas McMillan. Peter Stone. Peter Fitting. Michael Salser. Alex'r Johnston. Geo. Grain. John Carvery. Peter Stone. James Patterson. William Boys. Henry Fitting. James Philips. John Fisher. Jacob Miller. John Poor. George Tittle. William Romage. James Dixon. John Bruner, Sr. SamuelFerguson, John Shiasy. Jacob Kitsmiller. John Bniner, Jr. Daniel McBride. David Caldwell. John Hoover. Robt. Porteraeld, Sr. William Wilkinson. James Clendenin. Christ. Forrer. James Gavet, Benj. Say res. Joseph Archer. Philip Peter. James Breden. Barnard Fridley. William Grain. Geo. Strieker. Peter Killenger. I do hereby certifj / that the above named persons have been sworn Lancastp.r County, sa. and afiirmed before me, agreeable to an act of General Assembly of Pennsylvania, past June last. Certify'd 6th May, 1778. Tim't Qkeen. Jacob Keaplar. Matthias Keaplar. Hugh Ramsay. Rob't Sturgeon. Adam Harbison. John Duncan. The within is a just and true account of the persons' names, to whom the oath of allegiance has been administered to, agreeable to act of Gen- eral Assembly, since my last return as made. Certified May 1, 1779, by Tim'y Geeen. [l. s,] At this period, notwithstanding the large force of men from this section in service, there were many GENERAL HISTORY. 101 who were exempt through some cause or other from military duty. These were assessed at three pounds ten shillings each. We have the lists of all the town- ships. ASSESSMENT OF THE NON-ASSOCIATORS IN PAXTANG TOWNSHIP, AUG. 20, 1777. Awl, Jacob. AUeman, Stophel. AUeman, Chris. AUeman, Nick. AUeman, Hendry. AUeman, Conrad. AungBtit, Peter. Achy, Henry. Barber, James. Brightbil, Abraham . Boid, Robert. Beacor, Felty. Bowel, Henry. BecU, Jacob. Brown, Jacob. Buck, Jacob. Binzer, Henry. Brlnian, Tho". Bougbman, Jn". Boughman, Jacob, Beega, Ja^. Brown, John, Brown, Samuel. Brenner, Peter. Brown, Joseph. Boob, Peter. Brown, Joseph, Ju^. Burris, Jn". Boyerly, Casper. Crawl, Chris*^. Craig, Alexander. Cunningham, Hugh. CoUear, Ja^., Ju'. Creemer, Jn*". Cistler, Jacob. Carpenter, John. Craft, Philip. Castle, Nick.. Crabler, Paul. Cogly, Ja^ Oogly, John. Cox, Oorneliua. Caldhoon, W™. Clark, Jn«>. - Cooper, Daniel. Castle, John. Castle, Fred. Deagor, Ludwig. Doyle, James. Donnally, Hugh. Dixon, George. Ebby, Jnc. Egley, Abram. Fisher, George, Jr. Fisher, Jacob. Fridley, Martin. Flora, Abram. Flora, Peter. Fray, George. Fouks, William. Flora, Joseph, Jr. Foox, Jas. Flickinger, John. Fridley, George. Fairbough, Philip. Fleming, Jn**. Fogler, Vendle. Fogler, George. Geely, Ja^. Gillmer, Jn". Grose, Michael. Galliert, Patrick. Gilchrist, Bobe*. Green, Matthias. Hershey, Andrew. Heater, Jacob. Hambirly, Martin, Highbright, ChrisPi>. Hollingaworth, John, HoUings worth, Enoch. Hirsby, John. Haddio, W-^. Houzer, Martin. Henry, Patrick. Haldiman, Jacob. Jego, Samuel. Jackson, W^. Kitzmiller, Adam. Kerr, Jacob. ^ King, Tho8., Ju'. King, Chris'. Knoop, Jn". Knoop, Michi. Kissey, Jno. Kirkpatrick, Bob*. Lyder, Jno. Lyder, Jno., Jun^. Limb, Jacob. Lambert, Adam. Laning, Jno. Logan, W™. Lewis, Lewis. Linsey, Mungo. McMillen, Ja^. Miller, Jacob. McKinaey, Alexand'. MeEidor, Jno. McKeevar, Patrick. Miller, Jacob, Senr, Martin, Sam^. McGarry, Jn^. Miller, Philip. McGrogan, Charles. Murray, Tho^. McClever, W™. Muma, John. McCarvyer, Ja^. Muoey, Peter. Miller, Jacob. Morris, William. McGee, Patrick. Maxwell, Jno. Mabry, Patrick. Miller, George. McCrackin, David. Miller, Jn". Neidigh, Abram. Negley, Eliab, Neviling, George, Pancake, Peter. Pancake, George. Pancake, Felty. Pattimar, Jno. Page, George. Page, Chris*. Page, Jno. Poreman, Jacob. Peador, Peter. Pattimor, Philip. Piainger, Michael. Poreman, Stophel. Pyle, George. Hup, Jacob, Jun^ Rup, Chrisley. Rup, John. Stewart, Andrew. Sup, Stophal. Sup, George. Sup, Barnard. Smith, Jacob. Seder, Jacob. Shaffer, Michael. Shoemaker, John. Spade, Christian. Stoner, Henry. Smith, Lary. Searer, Michael. Smith, John. Smith, Christian. Smith, Conrad. Smith, Henry. Smith, Jacob. Smith, Stephen. Sharer, Peter. Schetz, George. Seybol, John. Timmy, Christian. Traxall,' Michael. Twadell, Archibald. Vanght, Gabriel. Wright, William. Watt, William. Wonderly, John. Wonderly, John, Jun'. Wentnagle, Matthias. Wolfley, Conrad. Wentnagle, Fred"^. Wickersham, Elijah. Wickersham, Abrier. Weaver, Peter. Williams, William. Wetberholt, George. Wiggins, Thomas. Wiley, Thomas. Whitehill, Rob*. Welch, John. Wallower, Leonard. Wolfley, Jacob. YouU, William. ASSESSMENT OF THE NON-ASSOCIATOBS IN DERRT TOWN- SHIP, AUG. 20, 1777. AUeman, Henry. Burkholder, Christian. Brand, John. Berst, Peter. Batton, James. Bream, Joseph. Bus, George. Baum, Michael. Breniser, John. Breniser, Christian, Bricker, Jacob. Bricker, Henry. Beyerle, Jacob. Birkle, Jacob. Bayer, John. Byer, John, Jr. Blowster, Charles. Blaialy, Philip. Balsbach, George. Chambers, Rowland, Crape, WiUiam. Cormick, Charles. Dunbar, John. Deam, Adam. Dudweiler, David. Dudweiler, Jacob. David, John. Emerik, Ludwig. Emerik, George. Eckhard, Jacob. Fridly, Jacob. Fridly, Peter. Fridly, Barnard. Fox, John, Fured, Samuel. Farly, John. Gross gloss, Peter. Ginrick, Abraham. GosB, Jacob. Hover, Christopher, Hamacker, David. Hamacker, Philip. Hamacker, John. Hundsberger, Jacob. Hannah, Samuel. Hatton, John. Heroff, Jacob. Heroff, Lndwig. Humell, Frederick. Humell, Frederick, Jr. Humell, Valentine. Hess, Leonard. Johnston, Samuel. Juds, Anthony. Kiffer, Henry. Kauffman, John. King, Peter. Laird, John. Laird, William. Landis, Henry. Landis, Peter, Landis, Jacob, Landis, John. Landis, Christian, Lang, Jacob. Lohr, George. McMagan, George. McMagan, Anthony. Mitchell, James. Meyer, John. Meyer, Abraham. Mexter, Jacob. Masken, Jonathan. Maeken, William. Mooney, WiUiam. McGomrey, Alexander. Miller, Henry. Mills, James. Never, Christian. Nisley, Jacob. Peiffer, John. Queen, Barnard. EitzeU, John. Reitzell, George. Reiff, Joseph. Russell, James. Road, Mick ell, Reish, Martin. Rikard, Melchor. Rikard, Philip. Rikard, Philip, Jr. Rebel, Charles. Ramsey, Samuel. Ranch, John. 102 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Scbub, John. Singer, John. Singer, Peter. Strikler, Jacob. Strikler, Abram. Shot, Frederick. Shaffner, Frederick. Stouffer, Christian. Speidell, Jacob. Sneider, Henry. Sneider, Abraham. Smith, Jacob. Schredly, Andrew. Speidell, Max. Shorrott, Daniel. Spot, Mickell. Sheid, Ludwig. Thomas, Adam. Trfby, Thomas. Wittmor, John. Wittmor, Jacob, Woolson, Christian. Woolson, John. Weatherhold, Jacob. Wilkeson, "William. ZimmermaD, Nichlus. John Buss. Morris Lewia. David Ensminger. Patrick Loughry. Island m Sitsqueha/nna, Derry. Absalom Lim. Daniel Shelley. John Dolplin. Joseph Zearer. THE ASSESSMENT OF NON-ASSOCIATOBS IN HANOVER TOWN- SHIP, AUG. 20, 1777. Ashcroft, Edward. Armstrong, John. Aston, James. Allen, Samuel. Ashrof, William. Balsbaugh, Felty. Berry, Joseph. Baker, John. Bumgarner, Philip. Besor, Peter. Brand, Philip. Balsbaugh, Peter. Brisben, William. Bartlemay, Ventile. Besor, George. Bary, Bartholomew. Baker, Henry. Cooper, Andrew. Calhoon, Matthew. Carpenter, William. Cloakey, William. Guningham, Patrick. Dinnis, Jacob. Davis, Jamee. Davis, John. Dixon, Sneakey. Dikey, Thomas. Endaworth, Andrew. Espy, George. Espy, Josiah. Everaoal, Peter. Evins, Samuel. Fox, Ohristophel. Feeman,, Gasper. Fountain, Jacob. Fetley, Michael. Faneit, Philip. Fortney, Ventile. Finlay, Bonjamin, Graham, William, Graham, John. Graham, James. Glen, James. Glen, Joseph, Graham, Samuel. Hubley, Jacob. Hoast, Abraham. Harison, Isaac. Harkeider, John. Hover, John, Hooie, John. Hooie, Bobert. Henrey, William. Hume, William. Joens, Bobert. Lisk, Bobert. Martin, Alexander. Multroy, Charles. Moffat, Daniel. Minich, Henry. Mikeny, John. Moor, John. McFarland, Joseph. Mowra, Jacob. Murphy, John. Mower, Michael. McOaley, Robert. McEIheny, Thomas, Minich, George, Myer, John. Nave, Jacob. Pirkey, Christopher. Pruner, Daniel. Phillip, James. Piterew, James. Pirkley, Joseph. Petiva, James. Bodger, Andrew. Bbodes, Christian. Bham, Milchor. Eoyer, Peter. Beid, Solomon. Shoo, John. Stewart, James. Stewart, George. Stofer, Adam. Stewart, Charles. Seigler, Henry. Shooie, Henry. Supple, John, Snyder, John. Serher, Jacob. Selser, Michael. Singer, Michael. Snyder, William. Strain, William, Saler, Valentine. Sheets, George. Smith, Stephen. Teit, George. Toopa, Henry. Torince, John. Toopa, Jacob. Tibbins, John. Thompson, John. Unger, George. Vane, William. Vane, Adam. Wolf, Jacob. Wingart, Abraham. Weaver, Daniel. Young, George. Young, David. Young, Robert. ASSESSMENT OF THE NON-ASSOCIATORS OF UPPER PAX- TANG TOWNSHIP, AUG. 20, 1777. Bend, Stephan. Brough. Felty. Bashars, John. Buffington, Benjamin. BufiQngton, Thomas. Consard, John. Coleman, John. Craford, Bobert. Darby, William. Diller, Micliael. Diller, George, Frelich, Anthony. Fife, George. Feidel, Melchor, Galloway, John, Gilson, John. Galbreath, James. Herman, John, Herman, David. Hoffman, Nick. Heans, Hendry. Jury, Abram. Heller, Joseph. Heller, Michael. lyiakay, Daniel. Murray, John. Murray, Thomas. MoCray, James. > Myers, John. Meyers, Henry. Moodogh, John. Newbecker, Philip. Navinen, David. Negla, George. Onderbeck, Henry. Pursel, John. Philip, Joseph. Philip, John. Philip, Joseph. Pick el, Jacob, Powel, Frederick. Powel, John. Eiddel, William, Steveler, Daniel. Steveler, Joseph. Sloan, James. Supe, George, Jr. Stiverly, Joseph. Sneider, Stophel. Sites, Ludwick. Shalladay, John. Taylor, Charles. Titrich, Michael, Voole, Peter. Wertz, John. Wilcock, Edward. CHAPTEE XVII. The War for Independence (coutinudd) — Roll of Capt. John Marshall's Company — Indian Incursions — Aholition of Slavery — Begister of SlaTeB — Rolls of Captains McAllister's, Walker's, and Weaver's Com- panies — The Close of the War — Continental. In the State regiment of foot, commanded by Col. John Bull, subsequently by Col. Walter Stewart, 1777-78, was a Dauphin County company, — that of Capt. John Marshall. It suflfered severely at Brandy- wine and Germantown. Towards the close of the year 1777, by a resolution of Congress, the State regiment was annexed to the Pennsylvania Line and formed the Thirteenth Eegiment. Captain. John Marshall. First Lieutenant. Joseph L. Finley. Second Lieutenant. William Harris. Third Lieutenant. John Van Winkle. Sergeants. Eobert Pelan. Eobert Linn. William Johnston. Eobert Sturgeon. Drum and Fife. Conrod Groce. William Lever. Jesse Moore. Conrod Ludwic. GENERAL HISTORY. 103 Privates. Awl, John. Bally, Thomas. Bellshoover, Ludwick. Carlton, Edward. Chambers, David. Chambers, John. Chambers, John (2d). Coleman, Nicholas. Colter, George. Crowley, David. Delany, John. Donnely, Peter. Duffee, James. Duncan, Eobert. Fottrell, Patrick, armorer at the factory. Gallaher, Hugh. Hall, William. Henney, Samuel. Humphries, Eobert. Jones, Joshua. Kelly, James. Lackey, Thomas. Lewis, Joseph. McCay, John. McClellan, Henry. McClure, Samuel. McOord, William. McCormic, Charles. McGinnes, Patrick. McMichael, Christopher. Morans, William. Myers, Joseph. Neeley, Joseph. Nylson, John. Peelan, Joshua. Patitiate, John. Price, William. Slemons, Robert. Steen, James. Stever, Daniel. Stocdale, Terence. Veesey, John. Waterson, John. Welshance, William. Whitmore, John. Wilson, John. Wood, Samuel. Wright, Jonathan. John Harris, in writing to President Wharton on the situation of public aflTairs, under date of Paxtang, 29th January, 1778, gives an opinion which is just as worthy consideration to-day as it was over a century ago, — that in dealing with the Indian question should never act upon the defensive, but attack the savages in their own country at all hazards. His letter runs thus : "Sib: The bearer, Col. William MoAleyey, is an honest man, and a true friend to the glorious cause'of liberty, going down for aid to defend our frontiers against the encroachments of the savages. I am of opinion that the Indians will take an active part next spring (for or against us), as their young men don't understand acting as neutrals in time of war ; and unless they, the Western Indians, delivers up hostages to the United States immediately, or sends a number of their warriors to our camp to join us, we may depend upon an Indian war taking place against us, and ought to prepare for it as well as our present circumstances will admit. A defensive war against savages will never do the needful. " However prudent and necessary it may be to grant assistance to several parts of the frontiers, etc., at particular times, and when we are assured that a general Indian war will take place, we must attack them in their own country at all hazards. If a French war takes place, I hope we may be eased of an Indian war, which will be a great mercy. I make free to give your honor my sentiments of the times, aud conclude." As Harris supposed, in the early part of spring the situation- of the people of Northumberland County and the West Branch was imminently critical. A large party of Indians, Tories, and English deserters en- tered the county and commenced a war of extermina- tion upon the settlers, who were without the means of defense, the greater portion of the able-bodied men, with their trusty rifles, being in the service. On the 3d of June, John Harris writes to Vice-President Bryan, — "Sib: I have received several letters from Col. Hunter lately, men- tioning the distressed situation of Northumberland County, etc. It appears absolutely necessary that some person should receive, store, provide, and forward any stores the public may order up the Susque- hanna, Juniata, etc., during the present Indian war. A quantity of flour is wanted ; not a cask or bag to put it in. The inhabitants are leaving said county in great numbers. I pity my bleeding country, and am wil- ling to assist the supplying the county of Northumberland by any means in my power, or forward any article up the different branches of this river from time to time. I am as good a judge of the navigation, in either boat or canoe, on our river as can bo found, I expect to send up a quantity of stores to the lead mines, up Juniata, at Water Street as soon as I receive a letter from Mr. Boberdeau, which I hourly expect. The present flood to convey by water should not be lost, as perhaps no other may happen till next fall. The quartermaster can furnish pro- visions for boatmen or any necessary escorts, etc. If the inhabitants in their fright are suffered tomoveoff as they are doing, and assistance not soon sent up, the crops will be lost in many frontier places, that may be saved by their getting timely aid from the public. A quantity of arms, some powder and lead, is here for Northumberland County, which I ex- pect will be forwarded to-morrow. There's two good store-houses at my dwelling plantation, exclusive of a cellar fifty feet by forty, under my dweUing-house so that there's plenty of store room for the public use if wanted. There's a great concourse of public wagons, etc., with ston-s, on the Beading road, too few flats at the ferry here, and what there ii will not be properly attended, that the public may suffer for want of a few men employed by thepublic (to assist in my opinion). I have rented my tavern, ferry, etc., and am at leisure to assist the transporting stojes, etc., up the Susquehanna as offered, if proper instructions are sent me. You'll please write to me by bearer, Mr. Whithill, if you judge neci's- sary." In July, 1778, a large number of the survivors of the Wyoming massacre arrived at Harris' Ferry in boats and flats to seek protection from the enemy. Matthew Smith, writing from Paxtang, July 12th, " I am this moment arrived at Harris' Ferry, and just now behold the greatest scene of distress I ever saw ; the numerous poor ran away from their habitations, and left their all, and several families lost, part killed and scalped on their retreat; the most cruel butcheries ever known are practiced ; wounded and others thrown into fires while yet living. The inhabitants, however, are much distressed; the Wyoming people are undoubtedly, by last accounts, entirely defeated. Northumberland county is evacuated. Not more than one hundred men with Col. Huntei- at Sunbury; the Blue Mountain (five miles above Harrisburg) is now the frontier; and I am afraid Lancaster county will shortly follow the example of the other county. The stores at Carlisle are something very considerable. I doubt not their object is to destroy that place. I am informed there is not that care taken that should be. I think it would be necessary to appoint some careful officer at that place, that would do the duty more punctually. " This party is large, having Col. Butler at their head, one hundred regular troops at first ; about the same number of Tories, but is increased in two or three times that number; seven hundred Indians, all around in a most formidable manner, every one of them, exclusive of guns and tomahawks, as usual, each one has a large tpontoon, and as soon as en- gaged, rushes on in a most dreadful manner. It is said they have field- pieces, or swivels, and a number of light Iwree. " It is the earnest request of all friends of their country, as well as your humble servant, that something shall be done in the greatest haste. Be pleased to send an order for what arms are ready at Lancaster and Hummelstown, also for ammunition, and I shall exert every nerve in forwarding matters to the spot the men shall collect." The year following another Indian maraud was feared, and the struggling settlers of Northumber- land made an earnest appeal for succor. During the month of April the sixth class marched to Bedford County for the protection of the inhabitants there while putting in their spring crops. Orders were issued by Col. Eobert Elder, sub-lieutenant of the county of Lancaster, to .Capt. John Rutherford, who commanded the following detachments from the sev- eral companies mentioned, marched to Bedford, where 104 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. they remained about six weeks, until relieved by ranging companies recruited for the purpose : Captain. John Rutherford. Privates. Capt. Murray's Company. John Cochran, Sr. Philip Tinturff. Michael Steever. John Grames. John Bunnel, 4th sergt. William Forster. Samuel Pollock. Samuel Cochran. Capt. Collier's Company. Stophel Earnest. John Smith. James McCord. George Censor. John Little. John Brand. Capt. Rutherford's Company. Martin Houser. Jacob Miller. Peter Pancake. George Pancake. Barnabas Soop. Capt. Crouch's Company. Adam Hitter. John Minsker. Conrad Wolfley. Dr. Robert Kennedy. Albright Swineford. Christian King. John Eitter. Capt. Clark's Company. Robert Kennedy. Samuel Kisler. Andrew Richardson. Richard Allison. Capt. Weaver's Company. Jonathan Woodside, sergt. Ludwick Light. Frank Conway. Capt. Whitley's Company. Christian Crawl. Jacob Weiser. Charles Grogan. Thomas Miller (sick). Capt. Gilchrist's Company. James Cochran. Samuel Cochran. James Morrison. William Boyd. Conrad Alleman. Philip Newhouse. Robert McWhorter. Matthias Winagle. Lodwick Dagon. Abraham Brunson. Benjamin Jones. George Sheets. Frederick Castle. George Carson. James Galley. Jacob Miller. John Swineford. George Segance. Robert Harron. George Williams. Simon Rairdon. Joseph Mark. John Chambers. Jesse Packer. Samuel Barnet. Lemuel Snyder. Abraham Neighbour. Andrew Yeager. Michael Chattel. William Gamble. Conrad Yountz. John Bell. James Boyle. John Hatfield. Dennis Dougherty. William Hogan. For the relief of the Northumberland people Col. Matthew Smith raised a company, and by a letter to Pfesidejit Reed, dated 3d of August, 1779, informs that functionary that he "had arrived at Sunbury with sixty Paxtang boys," and that " the neighbor- ing townships turns out a number of volunteers. Cumberland County will give a considerable assist- ance ; to-morrow at twelve o'clock is fixed for the time of march;" that "provisions is scarce," but that "they will follow the savages and hope to come at them, and if they do will give a good account." In 1780, on the 1 st of March, the Assembly of Penn- sylvania passed an act for the abolition of slavery. A full reference with the law is given in the history of Lebanon Cpunty. To William Brown, of Pax- tang, much credit is due for this humane measure. In 1777, in the first Assembly under the State Con- stitution, he proposed a similar law, which was at the period referred to enacted. The record of the slaves then held in this county is herewith given : REGISTER OF NEGRO AND MULATTO SLAVES AND SERVANTS, 1780. [Name, age, and owner ; all slayea for life.] Sept. 1. Elizabeth Oaeson, widow, of Paxtang township. Ponvpey, aged 14 years. Sept. 11. Archibald McAllister, of Londonderry township, ^ec^aged 52 years ; Isaac, aged 20 years ; Jem. aged 8 years ; SaX, aged 14 years ; Nance, aged 10 years, Sept. 11. James Burd, of Tinian, farmer, Lacey, aged 35 years', Cuff, aged 13 years ; Dvna, aged 7 years ; Venus, aged 2 years. Sept, 11, James Crouch, of Paxtang township, captain. Bodly, aged 60 years ; Sambo, aged 50 years ; Philtis, aged 50 yeai-s ; Jack, aged 30 years ; Lucey, aged 30 years ; Peter, aged 15 years ; Nam, aged 12 years ; Ket, aged 9 years ; George, aged 7 years ; NeU, aged 3 years ; IsoMi, aged 9 months. Sept, 14. Joseph Montgomery, of the township of Paxtang, clerk. Tom, aged 25 years ; Margaret, aged 55 years. Sept. 21, John Forster, of Paxtang township, Ambrose, aged 24 years. Sept. 21, Cornelius Cox, of Paxtang township, Andrew, aged 30 years; Eve, aged 20 years ; Jean, aged 20 years ; Dina, aged 10 years ; Aby- gal, aged 2 years. Sept, 30, William Kiekpateick, of Paxtang township, gentleman. Richard, aged 27 years. Oct, 2, William Kelso, of Paxtang township, farmer. Will, aged 18 years ; Peter, aged 4 years ; Dina, aged 23 years ; SB>, aged 1 year, Oct, 5, Maxwell Chambers, of Paxtacg, Sarah, 'aged 27 years ; Jach, aged 13 years ; diaries, aged 9 yeai-s ; flano, aged 2 years. Oct, 5, James Cowden, of Paxtang township, farmer. Barbara, aged 13 years. Oct, 5, John Gilcrist, of Paxtang township, farmer, years, Oct, 5, William Keee, of Paxtang township, farme years ; Dina, aged 18 y^ars. Oct. 9. James McKee, of Paxtang township, Hannah, 25 years ; Paur Una, aged 3 years ; George, aged 6 months, Oct, 9, John Harris, of Paxtang township, yeoman. Jack, aged 48 years ; Isaac, aged 16 years last August; Franck, aged 14 years last May, Oct. 9. Mart Reed, of Paxtang township, widow. Dinah, aged 27 years * her daughter Nancy, aged 9 years last November; Jack, aged one month. Oct. 12. James Duncan, of Paxtang township. Betty, aged 20 years • Sam, aged 3 years. Oct. 12, William Wallace and William Allen, Jr., farmers, of Han- over township, PoU, aged 32 years ; Pet (m.), aged 20 years ; Jamet, aged 38 years ; Moll, aged 28 years; Peg, aged 2 yeare, Oct, 12, Alexander Johnston, of Paxtang township, farmer, wm, aged 36 years. Bachel, aged 21 Tom, aged 17 GENERAL HISTORY. 105 Oct. 12. John Wiggins and Robert Gilcrhist, farmers, and Richard McGuiRE, blacksmith, of Paxtang township. Nance, aged 9 years; Heck, aged 7 yeai-s ; Toh, aged 18 yeare; Pete, aged 10 years. Oct. 12. Richard Dearmond and James Willson, of Hanover township, farmers, Torriy aged 20 years ; Dma, aged 20 years ; Samuel, aged 1 year ; London, aged 23 years ; 8vp, aged 22 years ; Rege, aged 4 years. Oct. 12. WiLLUM Brown, of Hanover township. Pe^, aged 19 years; Dina, aged 14 months. 'Oct. 12. Elizabeth Gallatighkr, of Paxtang township. Citjf, aged 25 years ; Benebo (f), aged 36 years ; 8ambon\ aged 8 years. Oct. 12. David Montgomery, of Paxtang township. Joseph, aged 26 years. Oct, 18. Thomas Minshall, of Paxtang township, farmer. Jugg, aged 31 years; Kate, aged 14 years; Dan, aged 10 years ; Phebe, aged 6 years. Oct. 18. Joseph Candour, of Derry township, farmer. Peter, aged 27 years. Oct. 19. Mary Smith, gloverist, of Paxtang township. Susannah, aged 22 years. Oct. 21. John Clark, of Paxtang township, farmer. Atk (f.), aged 6 years. Oct. 23. Timothy Green, of Hanover township. Jam, aged 35 years; a negro wench, aged 33 years ; a negro wench, aged 8 years ; a negro male child, aged 3 years. Oct. 23. Robert Sturgeon, of Paxtang township, miller. Gate, aged 22 years ; Nance, aged 16 months. Oct. 5. Jacob Awl, tanner, of Paxtang township. Jo (run away some time ago), aged 28 years; desar, aged 24 years; Phillie, aged 25 years ; Pete, aged 6 years ; Cato, aged 3 years ; Bina, aged 9 months. Oct. 23. David Ritchey, of Paxtang township. Bristol, aged 14 years ; Wine (f.), aged 16 years. Oct. 23. Joshua Elder, Esquire, of Paxtang township. Jack, aged 36 years; Pero, aged 29 years; Gin (f.), aged 19 years; Susanna, aged 2 years ; Silvia, aged 6 months. Oct. 25. James Andrew, of Hanover township, farmer. Solomon, aged 32 years ; Pug (f.), aged 22 years ; Pruss (f.), aged 3 years ; Phoebe, aged 214 years; Samson, aged 9 months and 17 days. Oct. 25. David Ramsey, of Hanover township, farmer. Dinah, aged 23 years ; Charles, aged 3 years. Oct. 25. WiLLiiM Plunket, of Paxtang township, "Dr. of Physick." Tony, ageil 25 years ; Ben, aged 23 years. Oct. 25. John Hollenback, of Paxtang township. Bess, aged 17 years. Oct. 25. William Dickey, of Paxtang township, farmer. Beit, aged 22 years. Oct. 25. Thomas King, of Paxtang township. York, aged 16 years. Oct. 25. Robert Boal, of Hanover township, farmer. Hagar, aged 20 years ; Dinah, aged 10 months. Oct. 25. James Rogers, of Hanover township, miller. Adam, aged 25 years. Oct. 25. Andrew Rogers, of Hanover township, farmer. Samuel, aged 6 years. Oct. 2.'i. William Rogers, of Hanover township, blacksmith. Suf., aged 22 years ; Jack, aged 4 years. Oct. 25. Sami'EL Sturgeon, of Hanover township. Poll, aged 5 years. Oct. 26. Joseph Fulton, of Paxtang township, farmer. Abigail, aged 29 years; Jack, aged 2 years. Oct. 26. William Fulton, of Paxtang township, farmer. Dvrick, aged 10 years. . Oct. 26. John Logan, farmer, of Londonderry township. Sampson, aged 24 years ; London, aged 21 years. Oct. 27. jAfOB Cook, Esq., of Londonderry township. David, aged 17 years, 3 months, and 17 days. Oct. 27. William Hay, of Londonderry township, farmer. Dembigh, aged 26 years ; Phillis, aged 18 years ; Phillis, aged 14 years ; a mulatto boy aged 3 years, name unknown, a servant until 31 years, bought of James Crouch. Oct. 28. Samuel Stewart, of Hanover township. Pompey, aged 10 years ; Peggy, aged 6 years. Oct. 30. David McQueen, of Londonderry township, farmer. Jack, aged 26 years; PhilUs,&ged 25 years; i>wia, aged 11 years; Muzeta (m.), aged 9 yairs ; Sampson^ aged 7 years; Lot, aged 4 years. Oct. 31. Samuel Bell, of Hanover township, farmer. Dinah, aged 10 years. Oct. 31. David Hays and James Campbell, both of Londonderry town- ship. Bet, aged 12 years ; Pete, aged 24 years. Oct. 31. James Willson, of Hanover township, farmer. Jack, aged 18 years. Oct. 31. Richard Crawford, of Hanover township, farmer. Arch,&ged 18 years. Oct. 31. George Crain, of Hanover township. Tony, aged 24 years; Eve, aged 22 years ; Joe, aged 3 years. Oct. 31. Samuel Bradley, of Londonderry township. Pink, aged 30 years ; Prince, aged 15 years ; Pompey, aged 3 years ; Tom, aged 1 year. Oct. 31. John Cochran, of Upper Paxtang township. Nance, aged 16 years; Dinah, aged 12 years. Oct. 31. Patrick Hays, of Londonderry township, farmer. Grace, aged 30yeai"s; Tk)^/, aged 3 years ; Toft^, aged 4 months. Oct. 31. Robert Hays, of Londonderry township. Rose, aged 13 years. Nov. 1. William Moore, of Londonderry township. Maria, aged 35 years; Sampson, aged 11 years. Nov. 1. James Forster, of Londonderry township. Sam, aged 17 years. Nov. 1. John Clbndenin, of Paxtang township, surveyor. Prince, aged 47 years ; Team (f.), aged 35 years ; Eob, aged 2 years. Nov. 1. John McCown, of Hanover township, farmer. Andy, alias Sharper, aged 27 years, Nov. 1. John French, of Hanover township,'j^farmer. Lonon, aged 24 years. "In pursuance of the act of Assembly, entitled ' An Act for the grad- ual Abolition of Slavery,' enacted on the first Day of March, Anno Dom. 1780, the foregoing Entries beginning with the Entery of Christopher Crawford [of Lancaster borough] and ending with that of John French [of Hanover township] have been made on and before the first day of November, 1780. " In Witness whereof I hereto set my Hand. "John Hubley, " Clerk of the Peace for the Comity of Lancaster." The rolls of companies of soldiers in the various regiments of the Pennsylvania Line after 1776 are very imperfect or not in existence, which is grea.tly to be regretted. Dauphin County men are scattered in most of the commands, especially in the artillery and German regiments, and it is a difficult matter at this late day to designate all. Iq Col. Thomas Hart- ley's regiment, one of the additional battalions or- dered by Congress, we find the company of Capt. Ar- chibald McAllister, a roll of which we have compiled from that officer's account-book : Boll of Capt. Archibald McAllister's company of CoL Thomas Hartley's Regiment. Captain. Archibald McAllister. Lieutenant. Isaac Sweeny. Sergeant. John Lesly ; served three years ; was in the actions of Germantown, Chestnut Hill, Sullivan's cam- paign ; died in Berkeley County, Va., June 4, 1825, aged ninety years. , Drummers. Patrick Conner. John Elliott. Bissell, Thomas. Britt, Francis. Britt, George. Binke, James. Burns, James. Carduss, John. Privates. Chambers, William. Clark, John. Clark, Robert. Clendennin, Adam. Craugle, James. Croxel, Charles. 106 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Cusick, George. Dill, James. Denisay, Lewis. Ellison, Robert. Falls, John. Gardner, Henry. Harper, Richard. Hayes, William. Hendrick, John. Herriiigton , Thomas, May 2, 1777. Irwin, Thomas. Judge, Thomas. Keller, Matthias. Leray, Dennis. McBride, John. McDonald, John. McGichen, John. McGinness, William. McGill, Henry, feh. 5, 1777. McLean, John. McManamy, James. McManamy, Samuel. Mahan, John. Missum, Benjamin. Morrow, Thomas. Murray, Corlias. Nicholas, Thomas. Page, John. Patterson, Andrew. Parker, Thomas. Roach, Patrick. Terry, Paul. Thompson, Robert. Tenbrooke, Christian. Timpler, Thomas. Walker, Andrew. Webb, Andrew. White, Robert. ' Wolf, Frederick. In the (New) Eleventh of the Pennsylvania Line we find the roll of Capt. Andrew Walker's company. Most of the men were from the Hanovers : Boll of (he Fifth Company of the New Eleventh, Lieut.- Col. Adam Hubley, Jr., commandant, 1777-81. [Age, height, trade, where born, and when enlisted.] Captain. Andrew Walker. Lieutenant. James Pettigrew. Sergeants. James Johnson, twenty-two; five feet six inches; carpenter ; Philadelphia ; May 22, 1778. Barnet Carny, twenty-four; five feet seven inches; Ireland ; March 5, 1777. James Robinson, thirty ; five feet seven inches ; Ire- land ; Jan. 19, 1780. Corporals. Robert JefiTeries. Patrick Limerick. William Wiley, twenty-nine; five feet nine inches; miller; America; Jan. 22, 1777. Drummer. James Thornton. Fifer. Frederick Wolfe. Privates. Benson, James, thirty ; five feet eight inches ; Eng- land ; June 2, 1777. Boe, William, thirty-one; five feet nine inches; cooper; Ireland; April 11, 1777. Brown, William, twenty; five feet six inches; Ire- land; Feb. 1, 1777; resided in York County in 1805. Buckly, Philip, forty-five ; five feet eight inches ; Ireland ; June 1, 1777. Byrns, William, promoted sergeant. Casebolt, Robert, twenty ; five feet six inches ; York County; April 7, 1777; resided in Green County, Ohio, in 1832, aged seventy-seven. Coleman, James (e). Douglass, William, resided in Buffalo township, Union Co., in 1796. Gallagher, James, seventeen ; five feet five inches ; Lancaster County ; March 7, 1780. Grant, Robert, twenty ; five feet eight inches ; farmer ; England ; Feb. 1, 1777. Gray, Alexander. Grier, James. Herrington, Isaac. Horner, John, twenty-two; five feet nine inches; weaver ; Ireland ; April 15, 1777. Keating, Edward, twenty-three; five feet seven inches ; Ireland ; March 15, 1777. McCoy, Nicholas, twenty-seven ; five feet seven inches; Newfoundland; May 11, 1777. McCullough, Robert, prisoner; died March 7, 1807. McDonough, James, twenty-six ; five feet nine inches ; tobacconist ; Ireland ; May 1, 1777. Mclntire, James, thirty ; five feet three inches ; Ire- land ; May 17, 1777. McGeary, Neal, from Hartley's regiment; transferred to Third Pennsylvania, 1781. McKimmins, John, twenty- four ; five feet six inches ; Ireland ; March 1, 1777. Mummart, William, eighteen; five feet four inches; Lancaster ; Feb. 10, 1777 ; transferred to Ger- man regiment Sept. 15, 1780. Murray, Daniel. Nixon, Marion, thirty ; five feet six inches ; barber ; Ireland ; April 17, 1778. O'Bryan, William, May 12, 1778. Patton, Anthony, eighteen ; five feet eleven inches ; blacksmith. Peters, Henry, twenty-one; five feet six inches; . tailor ; Germany ; May 1, 1777. Savage, William. Shaffner, Francis. Simmonds, William, March 1, 1777. Smith, Edward. Williams, William, May 7, 1778-81. In the early part of the year 1781, the Tories of South Carolina and Georgia, by the aid of British dragoons under Tarleton, created great distress in many sections of those colonies. They held cruel sway, killing such of the male inhabitants who were Whigs, burning their dwellings, and driving the women and children from those sections, who fled to Maryland and Pennsylvania. Such was the destitute condition of these people that prompt measures were taken for their relief by the various county commit- tees. Paxtang township was appealed to by the GENERAL HISTORY. 107 chairman of the Lancaster committee, but althoagh " silver and gold they had none," they gave of their substance. Several loads of flour and other provi- sions were procured and hauled to Philadelphia fl-om Fray's and Elder's mills. The following letter, writ- ten in reply to the committee's request, is sufficiently explanatory. It was, as we have stated, followed by a liberal offering : "Paxtang, loth October, 1781. "Sin : — Oq- the Rect. of yours, I communicated the matter to a num- ber of the Inhabitants of the Township, who eeem'd willing to comply with the beneTolent design, and to contribute freely to the Relief of the distressed Exiles from the States of South Carolina and Georgia. But as the Inhabitants are not possessed of hard money, we concluded that an attempt to raise a Contribution in that way would be to no purpose, we agreed to consult some friends in Philada. whether a quan- tity of wheat or flour would answer the end ; and as soon as an answer is Rec'd from Town we intend to forward this matter with the utmost dispatch. I am. Sir, with great esteem, Yr. most obed't and very hum- ble Servt. "JoHK Eldek. " Jasp'u Teats, Esq. in Lancaster." The Indians in the spring of 1781 were again threatening the West Branch Valley, and to afford the inhabitants protection, Capt. John Ruther- ford's company, of Paxtang, and Capt. Martin Weaver's, of Upper Paxtang, were ordered to their relief until the spring planting should be completed. They were absent one month. The muster-roll of the former has been given. That of Capt. Weaver's is as follows. Capt. Weaver was connected with Capt. Matthew Smith's company of 1775, and probably was among those who returned home sick from Boston, as he seems to have been second lieutenant in Capt. Deibler's company in the spring of 1776. We regret we are unable to give the roll of the company as or- ganized in 1778-79. The descendants of the Hoff- mans, Deiblers, Sallada, Steever, Seal, and others, whose names are enrolled among these heroes of the "times which tried men's souls," will no doubt be gratified to learn of the Valor, the bravery, and un- dying courage of their ancestors. As they read over these names, let their hearts be imbued with the lofty ^ spirit of patriotism which fired the souls of their forefathers, and cherish faithful remembrance of their glorious deeds of a century ago, in behalf, not of themselves, but of posterity. Return of Capt. Martin Weaver's Company of Upper Paxtang, April 23, 1781. Captain. Martin Weaver. Lieutenant. John Sheesley. Engign. Daniel Steever. Sergeants. Matthias Deibler. John Harman. Ludwig Bretz. John Motter. George Ragel. Corporals. Christian Lark. Drummer. William Cline. Privates. First Class- Edward Wheelock. Jacob Sheesly. Frederick Paul. William Ingram. Second class — John Motter. Abraham Jury. John Miller. Lawrence Kortz. Third class — Michael Sallade. Leonard Snyder. Andrew Yeager. Henry Ults. Fourth class — John Hoffman. Deidrick Stonebreaker. George Deibler. Jere Berger. Zacheus Spanaberger. Fifth class- Francis Conway. Sebastian Metz. Henry Umholtz. Michael Melcher. Sixth class — Philip Rauskolb. Jacob Harman. Adam King. Christopher Sheesly. William Armengost. Seventh class — David Harman. George Seal. John Nicholas Hoff- man. Christian Wirtz. Eighth class — Michael Deibler. Christian Hoffman. Henry Woof George Lark. George Paul. George Ream. James Miley. ' John Moyer. Henry Warfel. John Ditty. John Richter. George Klinger. Michael Shadel. Abraham Neighbour. Frederick Bender. Andrew Spangle. Peter Metz. Adam Cooper. George Shoop. Christopher Yeager. Leonard Steever. Henry Henn. Ludwig Shott. Leonard Kauffman. Peter Miller. John Woodside. John Wirtz. Jonathan Woodside. Thomas Korts. Anthony Fraley. Adam Wirtz. George Minnich. Henry Moyer. Samuel Jury. George Bufflngton. Michael Shott. Stephen Bender. The campaign of 1781 terminated with the sur- render of Cornwallis' army at Yorktown, as did also the war for independence. Dauphin County was well represented in that battle. One brave soldier at least became conspicuous. In Feltman's diary of the Pennsylvania Line at the siege of Yorktown, under date of Oct. 19, 1781, it is recorded : "At one o'clock this day Maj. Hamilton with a 108 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. detachment marched into town and took possession of the batteries and hoisted the American flag.'' This gallant officer, James Hamilton, was commis- sioned captain in the First Pennsylvania, Continental Line, March 10, 1776 ; made a prisoner of war Nov. 2, 1777; subsequently exchanged and promoted major of the Second Pennsylvania Dec. 10, 1778, and re- tired the service Jan. 1, 1783. The parents of Maj. Hamilton came from the North of Ireland with the Calhouns, Polks, and other emigrants who located on the Swatara and its branches about 1730-35. At the close of the war for independence, Maj. Hamilton was in the Southern Department. There he married Elizabeth, the daughter of Thomas Lynch, Sr., whose son, Thomas Lynch, Jr., was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence from South Carolina. Their son, Gen. James Hamilton, was Governor of South Carolina, 1830-32. He married a grand- daughter of Thomas Hay ward, who was also a signer. It may naturally be supposed there was great re- joicing at the Yorktown capitulation. A letter from John Harris to Col. John Montgomery, of Carlisle, giving him the news of Cornwallis* surrender, brief though it be, expresses the jubilant feeling prevailing: " Paxtang, Oct. 27, 1781 . " SiH, — We have good news from the southward. Cornwallia and his whole army surrendered to Gen. Washington on the 19th. As soon as we get up the Province cannon we will fire a fue de joey. The bearer is waiting and I must close. " Tour very h'ble servt., "John Haeris." On the 7th of November, 1782, John Dickinson, the author of the *' Farmer's Letters," and at the out- set of the Revolution one of the most energetic in the cause of American rights, was elected by the As- sembly of the State and the Supreme Executive Council President of the State of Pennsylvania under the Constitution of 1776. Although Mr. Dickinson ' was foremost in the defense of the liberties of the colonies, when the resolutions for independence came before the Continental Congress, he believed, and no doubt sincerely, too, that the *' Declaration" was premature, and was one of the members who was not returned to Congress by the Convention of July 15, 1776. There is no doubt that, had he been chosen, his name would have been affixed to that instrument. His course during the debates on Mr. Lee's resolve made him unpopular, and for several years he was not in active life. Nevertheless, he was not an idle spectator, and in October, 1777, he was made a briga- dier-general in the Pennsylvania militia, having pre- viously been in command of a Philadelphia battalion doing active service in the Jerseys during Washing- ton's campaign there. It was at this period that the officers of the Lancaster battalion became ac- quainted with the statesman, Dickinson. Gen. Dick- inson, in 1779, was chosen by Delaware as one of her representatives in the Confederated Congress, and in 1781 he was President of that State. In obedience to the call from Pennsylvania, he accepted its Presi- dency, when at once it was maliciously reported that he was inimical to the independence of the States. At this juncture his compatriots in arms sought his defense. The Ninth Battalion, commanded by Col. John Rodgers, of Hanover, as brave and gallant an officer as ever wielded a sword, met and issued the following : " Hanover, November 28, 1782. " To the Golonela of the Lancaster County Militia : , "Dear Sir: The officers and representatives of the ninth battalion of Lancaster County militia, upon consultation, have concluded, from the complexion of the present House of Assembly, that the Constitu- tion and Liberty of the State are at stake in some measure, and sensible of the importance of what has cost us so much blood and treasure, we have thought it incumbent upon us to exert ourselves for their preser- vation as far as our influence extends, and to warn all who would wish to be fi'ee from the dangei-s that seem to impend, not doubting at the same time but you are ready to take the alarm, as you must be sensible of the same danger. We do not think it necessary to multiply words tending to inspire your spirit, for we are of opinion that you possess the same and have been only waiting to know the sentiments of your fellow friends to Liberty. Let us not then coolly and simply suffer any of our rights to be taken from us by any men, especially as our Constitution investe us with full power to oppose any such attempt. Perhaps our fears are groundless; but in case of apparent danger, which undoubU edly is our present case, a wise man will be on his guard ; and therefore let such a number of persons as you will please to appoint meet us at Manheim on the 16th day of January next, in order that we may mu- tually contrive such measures as may have a tendency to preserve our good and estimable Constitution, and our dear Independence and sweet Liberty. Be active and do not fail to fulfill our request. By order of the whole. " John Rodgerb, Colonel." "In pui-suance of the foregoing circular, the deputies from the differ- ent battalions met at Manheim, on the 15th of January following. There were present at that meeting the following : ■ " Colonels. — Thomas Edwards, Zeigler, Alexander Lowry, George Eosa, John Bodgers, and Robert Elder. " Majors. — Jacob Cook, Kelly, Hays, and Herr. " Captoww. — Bwing, Joseph Hubley, and Laird. "Mr. Clark, and Mr. Chambers. "On motion, Colonel Rodgers was unanimously chosen Chairman and Captain Joseph Hubley, Secretary. " Colonel Rodgers made a neat and appropriate speech explaining the objects of the meeting, that a rumor was in circulation calculated to do much injury, *that the President of the State of Pennsylvania was hos- tile to the Independence of America.' " On motion, this question was put to each battalion : "Is it the opinion of the members present that they approve of the appointment of John Dickinson, Esq., as President of the State of Penn- sylvania, or not ? " Answer. The members of the Second Battalion are unanimously of the opinion that a better choice of a President could not be made. " Colonel Zeigler — same opinion. " Seventh Battalion — Sajne. "Eighth Battalion — Same. " Ninth Battalion — We hope the Assembly have made a good choice, and if they have we thank them. " Colonel Elder agrees in opinion with the Ninth. "The following resolves, after being duly prepared and unanimously agreed to, were ordered to be forthwith communicated to the Assembly, the Supreme Executive Council, and to every battalion in the State. " Resolved^ unanimously. That the people have a right to assemble to- gether for their common good, to instruct our Representatives, and to apply to the Legislature for redress of grievances, by address, petition, or remonstrance. '* Emolved, unanimously. That in the opinion of the deputies from the different battalions now met, that the complexion of the present House of Assembly is such that we have no reason to doubt that the Indepen- dence and Constitution of this State are safe, and that we highly ap- prove of the appointment of his Excellency John Dickinson, Esq. as President. GENERAL HISTOEY. 109 " Resolved^ unanimously, That we approve of Colonel Kodgera' calling this meeting, as it has tended to remove doubts and unjust charges that were in circulation to the disadvantage of his Excellency the President of this State, and two of our Members of Congress, James Wilson and John Montgomery, Esquires; and we conceive such meetings have a tendency to suppress false and malicious reports, and that thereby virtue may meet with its Just reward and vice be depicted in its true deformity. " John Rodgbes, Chairman, *' J. Httbley, Seorelaryy A history of the struggle for independence would be imperfect without some reference to the war-meas- ures of the government, the most important of which was the issuing of the so-called Continental money. When the Congress began to feel in sore need of funds it adopted the device, so dear to the ignorant heart, of " making money." One patriotic member declared that he would never consent to tax the people as long as he could "get a cartload of money by simply going to the printing oifice for it." Ignorance like this gave birth to the Continental currency. The Congress solemnly resolved that the stuff it had printed " ought to pass current in all payments and dealings, and be deemed equal in value to the Span- ish milled dollars. The currency did what it ought to for nearly eighteen months. Until fourteen mil- lion dollars had been Issued there was no great depre- ciation. Prices rose, but only a trifle. Early in 1777, however, this limit was passed ; five million dollars more was printed off, and the whole volume of the currency sank sixty-six per cent, below par. This shrinkage must be something of a puzzle to infla- tionists of to-day, for all the conditions which they deem necessary to be observed in issuing paper were true of our forefathers', rag-money. The Continental bills were based on the faith and resources of the country. Congress, early in 1777, called public atten- tion to the fact that the people were bound to redeem the currency according to the full value expressed in the respective bills. Moreover, the State Legislatures passed laws inflicting penalties and forfeitures upon persons who sold anything for these bills without taking them at par, and they were solemnly declared to be " a lawful tender" for all debts. Nevertheless, they went steadily down. Aug. 15, 1777, an issue of one million dollars enabled the authorities to buy three hundred and thirty-five thousand dollars' worth of gold. Nov. 7, 1777, an issue of the same amount passed current for only two hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars in cash. By April, 1778, one gold dollar was worth six in paper. The military successes of the year and the aid given by France caused a tiny appreciation. In November, 1778, Congress got nearly one million seven hundred thousand dollars' worth of ammunition for only ten million dollars in paper. This showed a depreciation of only eighty- three per cent. But in May, 1779, ten million dollars' of new paper brought only four hundred and sixteen thousand dollars in cash. Twenty-four dollar bills were worth only one real dollar. In November mat- ters were still worse. An issue of ten million dollars brought less than two hundred and sixty thousand dollars in cash. A year from this date the paper dollar, based on the faith and resources of the whole country, was worth just one cent. In May, 1781, it was worth one-fifth of a cent. These figures are taken from a table compiled by Thomas Jefferson. A writer in the Philadelphia Packet, in 1780, says, " I had money enough to buy a hogshead of sugar. I sold it again and got a good deal more money than it cost me ; yet what I sold for when I went to market again would buy but a tierce. I sold that, too, for a good deal of profit, yet the whole of what I sold it for would afterwards buy a barrel. I have now more money than I ever had,, and yet I am not so rich as when I had less. I am sure we shall grow poorer and poorer unless we fall on some method to lower prices, and then the money we have to spare will be worth something." On the 12th of March the first news was received of the sighing of the treaty of Nov. 30, 1782, ac- knowledging the independence of the United States. This was the first measure necessary in the negotia- tions for peace between all the belligerents. On the 20th of January, 1783, the preliminary treaty of peace was signed. On the 11th of April Congress issued a proclamation enjoining a cessation of hostilities, and on the 16th of the same month the Supreme Execu- tive Council made public announcement of the happy event at the court-house at Philadelphia. The State flag was hoisted, church bells were rung, and expres- sions of joy at the happy relief from the miseries of war, were universal. CHAPTER XVIII. The Formation of the County of Dauphin — Remonstrances Against — Act for Erection of— The County in 1789 — Opposition to the Federal Constitution. A PROPOSITION to divide the county of Lancaster was discussed about the commencement of the Revo- lution, but that ordeal of arms for several years quieted the agitation for the formation of a new county. When, towards the close of the war, the courts were crowded with business, when military fines were being sued out against non-associators, compelling many of the citizens from remote sections of the county to appear at the county town, the question of the for- mation of a new^county embracing that portion of Lancaster County north of the Conewago with a por- tion of the county of Berks, seriously disturbed not only the citizens of both counties, but the Assembly, and petitions pro and con were frequently presented. The county of Berks was early in the field ; the^ were not in favor of a dismemberment, and at the session of 1782 several remonstrances bearing upon this point 110 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. had the effect of confining the new county enterprise to Lancaster County al'one. At the ensuing session of the Assembly the subject of a division was again agitated, when the following petition, prepared by Judge Jasper Yeates, of Lancaster, was presenied. The remonstrance, however, is only worth preserving as a part of the history of those times : " To (he Honorable the Bepresentalives of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met: " The Semonttrance and Petition of Divers Freeholders and Others, Inhabi- lants of the County of Lancaster, Mo6t Humbly Sheweth : " That your petitioners conceive themselves 'bound to remonstrate against the prayers of two petitions proposed to the Legislature at the last Bession respecting [a division of the said county of Lancaster, and heg leave to suggest to your Honorable Body the following remarks : "That affrequent division of counties must naturally occasion a dis- trust in the faith of government — persons who, confiding in the acta of the Legislature, having purchased lauded property near a county town long established by law, suffering considerable losses from such division. "That the creating new counties necessarily tends to increase the public expenses, and to derange in some sort the policy of a govern- ment. " That nothing but the most manifest public expedience arising from the welfare of the community at large, independent of individual in- terests, can justify such measures in an old established county ; and that though the bringing the courts of justice near to the doors of every man may in some wise conduce to his private interests, yet in other instances a remoteness of the station may be in some degree advantageous, as it tends to repress a litigious spirit in many who might be desirous of vex- ing their neighbors at law at a much less expense. " Your petitioners beg leave further to observe, that as to the petition which points out the precise limits of a new county attaching thereto a part of Berks county, your petitioners concur fully in the state of facts submitted to your honorable House by the inhabitants in general of the said county of Berks in their late petition and remoustrance, to which we humbly refer you. **As to the erecting of a county town at Harris' Ferry, we submit to the wisdom of the Legislature the propriety, expedience or justice of the measure. If a central situation has been ^ver deemed most eligible and convenient to the public at large for the site of a county town, the spot proposed is deficient in this particular, the western boundary not exceeding one mile. If the trade of the back country on the Susque- hanna is the real object of the petitioners, the etreame of traffic will equally find their way to the capital of the State, whether there be a new county town erected pursuant to their wishes or not ; and if the inhabitants who live beyond Peter's Mountain find themselves aggrieved by their remote situation, it is submitted to the Legislature whether it would not be more natural and easy to attach that settlement to North- umberland county. It is apprehended with due deference to the sense of youT Honorable House, that measuring the petition for a county town at Harris' Ferry by the large scale of national good, and detracting therefrom a few individual interests, the prayer of that petition will be thought utterly inadmissible. " Your petitioners take the liberty of adding that the present bounds of the county of Lancaster are not found to be inconvenient or unrea- sonable. " That it will he utterly impracticable by the House to gratify the wishes of individuals in evei-y instance when they complain of being aggrieved. "And that when the division of counties is forced as a measure, of course your Honorable House will have much of their time engrossed by petitions for such divisions from the interested views of private peo- ple, which the claims of the public demand for objects of much greater magnitude. "That in the present exhausted state of the country at large, when the public demands occasion the levying of heavy taxes, it would be highly grievous to many that new assessments should be* laid for the purpose of building court-house and jail, and other expenses incident to a new county ; for though many have signed the petition, it may fairly be presumed there are many others within the several districts averse to such additional impositions. " Whereupon your petitioners most humbly pray that your Honor- able Body, upon full deliberation had of the two petitions herein fiist before noted, will not grant the prayers thereof or either of them." That portion of the proposed new county in and around Middletown and at Lebanon were alsoppposed to the new county if Harris' Ferry was to be the county-seat. We have referred elsewhere to the op- position from Lebanon. The following memorial of the inhabitants of Middletown is herewith gjven. It must be acknowledged there was some grounds for the course taken, as the latter place was ^, village of considerable size, and of unusual business importance, while Harrisburg contained only a handful of people, and at that period was of little account. The me- morial reads, — " To the Honorable the Bepresentativea of the Freemen of the Common^ wealth of Pennsylvania in General Asaemhly : The petition of the inhabit- ants of Lancaster County humbly sheweth. That " Wheezas, The said county being very extensive, and the increase of the inhabitaots becomes very great, renders the attendance upon courts and other business burdensome and expensive to your petitioners, occasioned by their situation being so far distant from the county town. And whereasj It seems to be the intention of a respectable number of the inhabitants of the county to make application to the honorable house for redress of this burdensome grievance, to have the county divided into two separate counties for the ease and welfare of the said inhabit- ants; and when any grievances or inconveniences arise to the inhab- itants of the State, petition to the honorable house is the mode to make them known to your honors ; and as by experience we are made sensible of your strong inclination to remove any inconvenience that at any time and from time to time may arise to your constituents ; you first being made sensible that the inconvenience complained of is real and well founded, and if you should be of opinion, after mature considera- tion, that it is real and well founded, we make no doubt but that you would permit us humbly to intimate to you our ideas of the mode of re- lief which we would beg leave to do, leaving the ultimate determination to your better judgment. If you should think proper to divide the county we would presume to recommend the town of Middletown, in the lower end of Paxton township, as by far the most proper place for the county town for many clear and obvious reasons, which we think would naturally occur to the honorable,house, but lest they should not, we beg to mention ours: First. Middletown will he as central as any other place that can be thought of. Then its situation upon the river Susquehanna, accommodated with the finest, indeed, we may venture to say, the only fine safe harbor upon the said river, and the public utility of the said river Susquehanna to the State of Pennsylvania and to the city of Philadelphia in particular, is unquestionable; that river being a fine navigable river for boats from ten to twelve tons burden coming down said river, the river Juniata, and other streams leading into the Susquehanna some hundreds of miles, from a fine fertile country on all sides of the river; and we must further presume that the time is not far distant when a communication will be effected from this river to the western waters and the great Lake Erie, attended with very trifling land carriage between the heads of the two waters. Another great advantage to the State, and particulariy to the city of Philadelphia, will naturally acrue, and that is instead of great quantity of produce of different kind being carried from the counties of York and Cumberiand to the town of Baltimore, they will be carried through the channel of the town of Mid- dletown to the city of Philadelphia. It may not be improper to observe that Middletown is situated at the very lowest end of the navigable water of said river Susquehanna, so that the trade of that extensive river will at all events centre in that town and be carried from thence to the city of Philadelphia, and consequently will draw off from the city a very considerable quantity of merchandise of all kinds to the new country upon and beyond the Susquehanna River. And, further, that it is not improbable that in time the trade will be carried from Middle- town to the city of Philadelphia, by water carriage, via the river Swa- tara and other waters to the river Schuylkill, as we stand informed that this water communication was viewed some years ago by a number of gentlemen of eminence appointed by the House of Assembly for that purpose and reported very practicable. And also that Middletown has the great advantage of being seated upon such high ground that they need never to be apprehensive of an inundation even in the lowest part of the town by the overflowing of Susquehanna and Swatara Rivera " That the honorable house may appoint Middletown for the county GENERAL HISTORY. Ill town is the earnest desire of j'onr petitionere, and by granting the same we as in duty bound shall ever pray, etc. " Lancaster Connty, March ye 2d, 1784:. " Ezra Patterson. Ludwig Sulwink. Jacob Schneider. Daniel CroU. Charles Brandon. Frederick Seybold. I^icholas Caasel. Anthony Bannie. Jacob Shrader. John McCann. John Burnharter. Martin Cox. George Miller. Daniel Walter. Edward Meyer. James Moon. Conrad Bombach. Thomas Edminston. Jacob Shautz. Jacob Smith. Lennox Stawl. Henry McKan, Jr. Jacob Kraft. Daniel Dorwdel. Jacob Hershey. Frederick Schuyler. John Nobel. Sebastian Henderle. Emanuel Conrad. James Tan Eoerst, John Bacheiistose. James Forster. John BuwmanT Daniel "Weylster." The memorials were of no avail, however, and the subject being constantly brought to the attention of the Assembly, that body by its act of March 4, 1785, passed the following act, erecting the county of Dau- phin and fixing the county-seat at Harris' Ferry : " An Act for erecting ^art of the Cotmty of Lancaster into a separcUe County. " Wltereaa, The inhabetance of the upper part of Lancaster County have by Petition set forth to the General Assembly of this State that they have long labored under many inconveniences from their being situated at so great a distancefrom the seat of Judicature in the said County, and have prayed that they may be relieved from the said incon- veniences by erecting them into a separate County, and as it appears but just and reasonable that they should be relieved in the premises. " Be U therefore enacted and it is hereby enacted by the Bepresentatives of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and by the Authority of the same. That all that part of Lancaster County lying within the Bounds and limits hereafter described shall be erected into a separate County,— that is to say, beginning on the west side of the River Susquehanna, opposite the mouth of Conawago Creek ; thence up the middle of said Creek to Moors Hill; and from thence to the head of said creek ; and from thence by a direct Line to the South East Corner of Heidelberg Township, where it strikes the Berks County line; thence north west by the Line of Berks County to Mahantango Creek ; thence along the same by tlie Line of Northumberland County and Crossing the River Susquehanna to the Line of Cumberland County ; thence down the Susquehanna on the West Side thereof by the line of Cumberland County, and that part of the Line of York County to the place of beginning, on the west side of the river Susquehanna, to be henceforth known and called by the name of Dauphin County. " And be it farther enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the inhabit- ants of tlie said County of Dauphin shaU at all times hereafter enjoy all and singular the Jurisdiction, Powers, Rights, Liberties, and privileges whatsoever which the inhabitance of any other County of this State do, may, or ought to enjoy by the Constitution and Laws of this State. "And be it fiiriher enacted by the authority aforesaid. That the district elections for the said County of Dauphin shall be held for the Townships of Derry and Londonderry at Hummels Town in the township of derry aforesaid, for the township of upper Paxtang on the north side of Peter's Mountain at Peter Hoffman's in said township, for the township of Lower Paxtang on the South side of Peter's Mountain, and West Han- nover at the Court House 'of the said County, or at John Harris' until such Court House shall be erected, and for the Townships of Lebanon, East Hannover, Heidelberg, and Bethel at the Town of Lebanon in the said Township of Lebanon, Where they shall elect at the times and under the Regulations stipulated and directed by the Constitution and Laws of this State, a Councillor Representative to serve tfiem in General Assembly, Censors, Sheriff, Coroners, and Commissioners, which said Officers when duly elected and qualified shall have and enjoy all and singular such powers. Authorities, and privileges with respect to their said County as such officers elected in and for any other County, may, can, or ought to do. And the said Election shall be Conducted in the same manner and from and Agreeable to the same rules and i-egulations as now are or hereafter may be in force in the other Counties of this State. "And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That the said County of Dauphin shall elect four members, and the County of Lan- caster shall elect seven Members to represent them respectively in the Genei'al Assembly of this Commonwealth from and after the passing of this Act until the same shall be altered agreeable to the Constitution and the Laws of this State. " Atid be it further enacted by tlie authority aforesaid, That the Justices of the Supreme Court of this State shall have like Powers, Jurisdictions, and Authorities in the said County of Dauphin as in the other Counties of this State, and are hereby authorized and impowered to Deliver the Gaoles of the said County of Dauphin of Capital and other offenders in like manner as they are authorized to do in other Counties of this State. " And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the Justices of the Courts of quarter Sessions and Common pleas now commissioned within the Limits of the County of Dauphin and those that may here- after be Commissioned, or any three of them, shall and may hold Courts of General quarter Sessions of the Peace, and Gaol Delivery, and County Courts for holding of pleas, and shall have all andsingular such powers, rights. Jurisdictions, and Authorities, to all intents and purposes, as other Justices of The Courts of General quarter Sessions and Justices of the County Courts for holding of pleas in the other Counties of this State may, can, or ought to have in their respective Counties, which Courts shall ait and he held for the said County of Dauphin, near Har- rises Ferry, on the third tuesday in the months of February, May, August, and november yearly for the dispatch of the publick Business of the said County. ^'And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That it shall and may be lawful to and for Jacob Aw, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowdan, and William Brown, of Paxtang, or any three of them to take assurance to them and their heirs of such Lot or peas of Ground as Shall be laid out and approved of ty the said Commissioners or any three of them for the erecting a Court House and Goal thereupon, in trust and for the use of the inhabitants of the said County of Dauphin, and thereupon to erect a Court house and prison sufficient to accommo- date the publick Servis of the said County. " And be it furtlier enacted by the auHtoritiea aforesaid. That for the de- fraying the charges of building, erecting, and finishing the Court house and Prison aforesaid, it shall and may be lawful to and for the Commis- sioners and Township assessors of the said County or a Majority of them to assess and levy, and they are hereby required to assess and levy in the manner directed by the act for raising County Rates and levies to such monpy as the said Trustees or any three of them shall judge neces- sary for building and finishing the Court house and prison aforesaid. Provided always that the sum of money so to be raised do not exceed the sum of fifteen hundred Pounds, and that the said Trustees shall from time to time render a faithful account of the expenditures of the same not only to the Commissioners, but the Grand Jury of the County when called on, or any other officer may be appointed by Authority for the inspection of the accoumpts of the County. Provided also and fee if further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That no action or suit now com- menced or that may be commenced In the County Courts of Lancaster before the first day of April next against any Person living within the bounds of the County of Dauphin, shall be stayed or discontinued by this act or by anything in the same Counties, but the same actions now Commenced or that may be commenced as aforesaid may be proceeded to final issue and Judgement thereupon rendered in the like manner as if this act had not been made, and it shall be lawful for the Justices of Lancaster County to issue Process to the Sheriff of the County of Lan- caster for carrying on and obtaining the full and Legal effects of such suits in the same manner as if the parties resided in the same County of Lancaster. " And be it furtlier enacted by the authority aforesaid. That the SheriflF, Coroners, and public officers of the County of Lancaster shall continue to exercise the duties of their respective Offices within the County of Dauphin until similar Officers are appointed agreeable to Law, within the said County of Dauphin, and that all arrearages of excise and public Taxes shall be paid into the hands of the present Collectors to be by them accounted for in manner and form as if this act had never been *'u4nd be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the Sheriffs, Treasurers, Collectors of Excise, and all such Officers as have heretofore usually given bail for the faithful discharge of their respective Offices who may hereafter be appointed or elected in the said County of Dau- phin before they or any of them shall enter upon the execution of their respective Offices shall give sufficient security in the like sums in the like manner and form and for the like uses, trusts, and purposes as such 112 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. OflBcers are obliged by Law for the time beiog to do in the County of Lancaster. "And he U further enacted by the authorUoj aforesaid. That Joshua Elder, Thomas Clark, John Glendellor, Bartram Galbraith, James Cunning- bam, or any three of them shall be Commissioners to run amd mark the County Line, in the same manner as ia before in the second section of this act, which line when so run and marked shall be the boundary be- tween the Counties aforesaid, and that the said Commissioners shall re- ceive for their Services at the rate of twenty-two shillings and sixpence per day each, and no more, to be paid half by the County of Lancaster, and half by the County of Dauphin by draughts from the Commission- ers of the respective Counties on the Treasurer of the same, which the said Commissioners are hereby authorised and directed to grant, "Signed by order of the House. " John Bayard, Bpeaker, "Enacted into a Law at Philadelphia on Friday, the fourth Day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty five. '■ Inrolled 4th June, a.d. 1785." The name DAUPHIN was derived from the eldest son of the king of France, that country at this periodj in consequence of its efficient aid to Ihe colonies, being uppermost in the affections of the people. The enthu- siasm was unbounded, and, as we shall refer to here- after, carried to extreme lengths. The name was sug- gested by the prime movers for the formation of the new county. The seat of justice was fixed at Harris' Ferry, then a village of about one hundred houses, although the towns of Lebanon and Middletown were then more important places within the new county. A letter written about this period by Capt. Alexander Graydon to Jedediah Morse, the geographer, gives us perchance the best account of the county of Dauphin as then organized, extant, and we present it therefore in full : " LouiSBODEG, March 5th, 1789. " Sin: A Hurry of Business added to a want of Health has hitherto prevented me from paying that Attention I could have wished to your Questions respecting the County of Dauphin. I now give you the Re- sult of my Enquiries upon the different heads you propose, arranged in the order of your Queries. ^^ Answer to let Qu. Dauphin, formerly contained within the Limits of Lancaster county, but divided from it and erected into a separate County by Act of Assembly passed March 4th 1785. "Amr to 2d Qu. It's Boundaries on the Vi'^est and South West are the Western Shore of the Kiver Susquehanna (the Kiver being within the- Limits and Jurisdiction of the County) on the South East Conawago Creek as far as the Head of it and from thence running in a direct Line to the south East Corner of Heidelberg Township where it strikes the Berks County Line thence north West by the Line of Berks County to Mahantango Creek thence along the same by the Line of Korthumber- land and crossing the Susquehanna to the Line of Cumberland County. It ia thus described in the Act of Assembly, but perhaps it may be best for your purpose to say, That it is bounded on the West and south West by the Counties of Cumberland and York, on the South and South East by Lancaster County— on the East & North East by Berks and on the north by Northumberland, the greater and best part of the County lying in the valley between the Blue or Kittatinny Mountain, and the Cona- wago Hill or South Mountain, which latter Name it obtains in Cumber- land County. Its form is triangular and its Extent along the Susque- hanna about forty-five miles from thence to the Line of Berks County about thirty-five Miles and from thence to the same River along the Line of Berks and Northumberland Counties about fifty-five miles. " Ansr to 3d Qu. There are 3250 taxable Inhabitants in Dauphin from whence perhaps it may be estimated that there are not less than 16 or 18,000 souls. These consist with a very few Exceptious of German and Irish or what are in Pennsylvania called Scotch Irish and their de- scendants. I think about two-thirds of the Inhabitants are Germans or of that Extraction. The principal religious denominations among them are Lutherans and Calvinists perhaps about an equal number of each — there is also a small Congregation of Moravians who have a place of worship about a mile from the Town of Lebanon. There are besides a good number of Menonists and a small Society of Roman Catholicks who have a Chapel in Lebanon Township. *' The religious Profession of the Irish families is the Presbyterian. They have three meeting houses, one in West Hanover, one in Paxtang and one in Derry Township. There are also a few Seceders and Cove- nanters who being too inconsiderable in number to form distinct socie- ties have generally fallen in with the before mentioned Congregations. The English Episcopalians, Quakers, &c., of which we have a few are by no means numerous enough to have places of Worship. " Anar. to ^th Qu. The soil is generally good and in some parts remark- ably fertile more particularly in Lebanon and Heidelberg Townships and in that part of Paxtang lying along the River. A great portion of the County is Lime stone land but as it approaches the Kittatinny Mountain which runs through it a Distance of near thirty Miles it is generally a gravelly or light slaty soil which however produces very good and certain Crops of excellent Wheat, Rye, &c. Beyond the mountain to Northumberland County, which Tract of Country compre- hends upper and middle Paxtang Township, the quality of the spil is much inferior to the other parts and is very little cultivated. It is gen- erally timbered with pine & white oak and wateretl with a number of fine Streams which enable th« Inhabitants to erect Saw Mills and drive on a very beneficial Trade in Boards, Ac, but tho' the soil of this Coun- try is somewhat sandy & in other parts wet as may be inferred from the timber, yet it produces pretty good Grain and affords a great deal of good meadow Ground. From the best information I am inclined to think that the proportion of the Land under Cultivation will average at less than an half. The trade to Philadelphia and the Mills on the Road thither, our principal Export being Wheat and flour— we also export Bar Iron and the neighboring Country ia supplied with Boards, Scant- ling, &c., from Louisbourg and Middletown which are situated on or near Susquehanna, down which great quantities of these Articles are rafted in the Spring and Autumn at which Seasons the watore being high the navigation is rendered safe and easy. Our Exports (except what arc taken off by the watermen who bring down lumber and Grain) ' are conveyed by Land, the navigation of the Susquehanna being at present too much obstructed below Middletown by Rocks, Falls, &c., to make it eligible to convey them by Water to Baltimore and other Mar- kets in the Chesapeake which may possibly be the case in future, when the Country has ability to remove these Obstructions. "Our chief Imports besides the Articles brought down the River as already mentioned are European and East and West India Merchandise brought from Philadelphia. The natural Growth of the Soil is gener- ally Hickory, Oak, Chestnut, Poplar, and near theRiver Walnut, Locust, Linn or Linden, Maple, Ash, Beech, Ac, with the Herbage usual in other parts of the State. Its productions from Culture are Wheat, Rye, Oats, Barley, Indian Corn, Flax, Hemp, Ac. " Ansr. to 5(h Qu. The Rivers are the Susquehanna, the Swatara a large stream which has its source in Berks County and after watering a con- siderable Extent of Country in its windings empties into the Susque- hanna at Middletown— the Quitapahilla which discharges itself into the Swatara, and the Tulpehocken which empties into Schuylkill (about a mile from Reading) between the Head waters of which (i e the Tulpe- hocken) and the Quitapahilla which approach within a mile of each other near the town of Lebanon it has been in Contemplation to cut a Canal and thereby by means of Locks, &c., to open a navigable Com- munication between the Schuylkill and Susquehanna, a work which though at present laid aside will probably one day be carrieQ into Exe- cution. There are besides these several less important Streams, vizt. Paxtang, Conawago, Spring Creek, Clark's Creek, Sturgeon's, Arm- strong's, Beaver Creek, Monady, Wickonisky, little Swatara. &c., moat of which afford seats for Mills & Every kind of water works. *' I know of nothing remarkable in the Mountains of which there are several in the County, viz., the Blue Mountain already mentioned and several other Ridges in its Neighborhood such as Peter's Mountain Berry's Mountain, Ac, and the Conawago Hill, in which there is a Mine of Iron Ore belonging to the Estate of tho late Mr.Grubb (part whereof is in Lancaster Co'ty) which appears to be inexhaustible. "There is a Spring near the foot of the Blue Mountains much cele- brated and reported to by the Country People on Account of its supposed Efficacy in the Cure of Rheumatic and other chronic Disorders but from what I can learn if it possesses any virtue it arises chiefly from its excessive coldness. "There i8 also a OaTe on the Banks of the Swatara about a mile from Hummel'B town in Berry Township deemed a great Curiosity by thos« who have seen it. It's Aperture being under a pretty high Banlc ie from 15 to 20 feet wide and from 7 to 10 in Height. Ton enter by a gmdual Descent and in your Progress pass through a number of Passages and GENERAL HISTORY. 113 Apartments of various DimensionB, some low and narrow others very high and spacious, vaulted by magnificent Canopies fretted with a variety nf depending Petrifactions, some of which are drawn to a great Length by means of their continued Exudation. But much of their original Beauty and Transparency is obscured by the smoke of the Torches from time to time employed in conducting the curious Traveller through this gloomy Recess. From the Entrance of the Cavern to a small Fissure or Ou^et at the Extremity which is barely large enough to admit the Body of a Man is about 200 yards measured in a strait Line on the surface of the Ground under which it passes, but the Distance must be much greater to those who have the Courage to trace it in its sub- terraneous Windings. This is the only natural Curiosity in the County that I have heard of, and I know of no Antiquities or artificial ones. " Aner. to Glh Qu. The Country was first settled by Emigrants from Ireland. " Jnsr to 1th Qu. The state of Agriculture is much the same as in the neighboring Counties & will doubtless admit of much Improvement. The same may be said of the Manufactures, though some Branches seem to merit a particular mL-ntion vizt. A nail factory at Louisbourg which is carried on by means of a stamping Machine much cheaper and more expiditiously than in the usual mode of drawing — also a Powder Mill of Lebanon Township in which is manufactured Powder of a very Su- perior Strength and Quality. Besides these I cannot omit a Grist Mill within a Mile of Middletown seated very advantageously on the Swatara & about half a mile from the mouth of it. It is a very large and hand- some stone Building, has four pair of Stones and is perhaps in every re- spect one of the most complete in Pennsylvania. But what is perhaps more deserving of Attention is the Race a Canal from twenty to thirty feet in Breadth and carried with such a degree of Boldness to a Length of 476 perches through Bocks and Hills and every Obstacle which oc- curred in its Course as cannot fail to excite a very high Idea of the en- terprizing Spirit & persevering Industry of Mr. George Frey, the under- taker and owner. " We have as yet no Academy or public schools but shall in common with the other Counties of the State have a Tract-of Land granted & appropriated by the Legislature for the Establishment of one, besides which we are entitled to the annual proceeds of a Ferry across the Sus- quehanna at present rented for £155 per Ann which should it (as in all probability it will) he applied to this Use will constitute a very respect- able Fund. "Aiiswr. to Bth Qii. The County comprehends ten Townships vizt. Paxton (orPaxtang which is the original Indian name), upper Paxtang, Middle Paxtang, East Hanover, West Hanover, Derry, Londonderry, Lebanon, Bethel, and Heidelberg — and ten Towns, vizt. Louisbourg or Harrisburgh containing about 130 dwelling-houses, a Gaol being a plain stone Building and a German Church a Log Building — Lebanon con- taining about 180 Houses and two, German Churches built of Wood. Middletown containing 90 odd Houses & one German Church of Wood. Hummel's town containing about 35 Houses & one German Church of Wood — Anville or Miller's town containing about 35 houses; Heidel- berg, or Shaffer's town containing about 70 Houses & 2 German Churches one of which is a handsome stone Building— Newman's town containing about 25 houses— Williamsburg or Jones' town containing about 40 houses and one German of Wood. N. B. In Lebanon one of the Churches belongs to the Lutheran the other to the Calvinists, so in Heidelberg, but in the other Town^ where there is but one, it generally belongs to both societies and is used by them alternately. "Answr. to 9tk Qr. The Name of the principal Town or Seat of the Courts is Louisbourg so styled by the Supreme Executive Council in their proceedings as well as in those of the Courts, altho' it is more generally known by the name of Harrisburgh— it is a fine, flourishing place & its progress amazing, having been laid out a little better than 3 years. It lies between the 40th and 41st degree of Latitude and is somewhat more than a degree & a half West of Philada. its Distance from that place 100 Miles and its Bearing about West and by North. " This is the most accurate Information I cou'd obtain with respect to the Objects of your Inquiry. I have probably been more minute than necessary in some Cases, but agreeably to your desire was willing to give as full an Answer as possible and shall be happy if it affords you any Assistance in your very useful Undertaking, in which I wish you Suc- cess, and , ^, r. i. " Am Sir, Tour very hble Servt, "Alkx. Graydon. " To Mr. Jedediah Morse." At this period the entire country was seriously- agitated by the adoption of the Federal Constitutfon. Within the limits of Dauphin County there was much opposition. In the conventi'on which was called by the Pennsylvania Assembly to ratify that instrument, the delegates from Dauphin, William Brown, Adam Orth, and John A. Hanna, signed the protest that the Constitution, "consistent with its idea of consolida- tion, contains no reservation of the rights and privi- leges of the State governments,'' and the authority " vested in Congress is unlimited in its nature, nay is comprehensive and boundless." On the 3d of September, 1788, there was held at Harrisburg a con^rence of those who were opposed Jo the adoption of the Federal Constitution. The minutes of this conference, which marks an impor- tant epoch in the history of this locality and of the State, as it was the first political convention ever held in Pennsylvania, we give in full : "Agreeably to a circular letter which originated in the county of Cumberland, inviting to a conference such of the citizens of the State who conceive that a revision of the Federal system, lately proposed for the government of the United States is necessary ; a number of gentle- men from the city of Philadelphia and the counties of Philadelphia, Bucks, Chester, Lancaster, Cumberland, Berks, Northumberland, Bed- ford, Fayette, Washington, Franklin, Dauphin, and Huntingdon have assembled at this place for said purpose." Gallatin, of Westmoreland County, who seemed to be one of the leaders in this revolt, if so it may be termed, presented the following resolutions : "1st. Eesolved, That in order to prevent a dissolution of the Union, and to secure our liberties and those of our posterity, it is necessary that a revision of the Federal constitution be obtained in the most speedy manner. " 2d. That the safest manner to obtain such a revision will be, in con- formity to the request of the State of New York, to use oar endeavors to have a convention called as soon as possible ; Beaolved, therefore, that the Assembly of this State be petitioned to take the earliest opportunity to make an application for that purpose to the New Congress. "3d. Resolvedy Tha.t in order that the friends to amendments to the Federal Constitution, who are inhabitants of this State, may act in con- cert, it is necessary, and it is hereby recommended to the several coun- ties in the State, to appoint committees, who may correspond one with another, and with such similar committees as may be formed in other States. " 4tb. Resolved, ThsX the friends to amendment to the Federal Con- stitution in the several States be invited to meet in a general conference to be held at , on ■ , and members elected by this conference who, or any of them, shall meet at said place and time, in order to de- vise, in concert with such other delegates from the several States as may come under similar appointments, on such amendments to the Federal Constitution as to them may seem most necessary, and on the most likely way to carry them into effect." There seemed to be a diversity of opinion in the conference, and although the members did not ac- tually reject Gallatin's resolves, which were much more decided, adopted those of a different temper and likely to be effective before the people- The object of the founders of a party, at the moment in hopeless minority, was to present a record upon which any aspiring politician could place himself. They were successful to such a degree that the destiny of the State and nation were in the party thus called into being for fifty years afterwards, almost without interruption. Whatever intermediate occurrences took place, deliberation announced the decision of the conference to be, — 114 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. " 1st. Besoloed, That it be recommeuded to the people of this State to acquiesce in the organization of the said government; but although we thus accord in its organization, we by no means lose sight of the grand object of obtaining very considerable amendment and alterations which we consider essential to preserve the peace and harmony of the Union, and those invaluable privileges for which so much blood and treasure have been recently expended. "2d. Beiolved, That it is necessary to obtain a speedy revision of said Constitution by a general convention. '* 3d. Beeolved, That, therefore, in order to effect this desirable end, a petition be presented to the Legislature of the State requesting that honorable body to take the earliest opportunity to make application for that purpose to the new Congress." The address to the people of the State was brief, and in few words proceeds to state that the " Consti« tution in its present form contains some principles which may be perverted to the injury of the citizen and prove incompatible with order and government," expressing the opinion "that considerable amend- ments are essentially necessary ;" further, that they are " sensible that a large number of the citizens, both in this and other States, who gave their assent to its being carried into execution previous to any amend- ments, were actuated more by fear of the dangers that might arise from any delays than by a conviction of its being perfect," concluding with the hope that "prudence and policy" will soon bring about the amendments which those with whom they were in harmony in other States " are pressing so earn- estly." Subsequently to the action of the "conference" its opponents issued a circular directing public attention to the fact that an election by general ticket for eight members of Congress was to be held oh the fourth "Wednesday of November, calling upon "the friends of the new Constitution to be on their guard, lest the names of persons opposed to the same or of doubtful sentiments should be circulated in the counties and in the city, especially let them be- ware of counterfeits, for such are abroad." The committees circulating this also informed the people that "the smuggling business which took place at Harrisburg with the ostensible purpose of procuring amendments to the Constitution, but in fact to form a ticket for representatives in Congress," should be watched ! On the 3d of November the Federalists, as they called themselves, met at Lancaster to form a ticket for members of Congress. This meeting did not openly attack the opponents of the Constitution. In- deed, so confident were they of success that it was not deemed dignified or in any way necessary to do so. But so unexpectedly strong was opposition de- veloped, as the returns from " the back counties" reached Philadelphia, " that very great surprise was created at the course of public sentiment." And no wonder, for when all the returns came to hand it ap- peared that the voters were divided into two nearly equal parts, "giving most of the advantages of politi- cal success to those who favored amendments to the Constitution." The vote was as follows : Harbisbueg Ticket. , Robert Whitehill 6860 Wm. Montgomery 6339 liatml Siester 7405 Peter Muhlenberg 7415 Wm. riDdley 6587 Charles Pettit 6484 Clair MoClanahan 6227 Gen. Wm. Irvine 6493 Lancaster Ticket. Fred. Augustus Muhlenberg 8697 George Clymer 8087 John AlKion 7074 Stephen Chajmhera 7053 Thomas Scott 8068 Henry Wynkoop 8052 Thomas Hartley 8163 Thomas Fitzsimmons 8086 About fifteen thousand votes were polled at this the first State election in Pennsylvania. The popula- tion was less than four hundred thousand. CHAPTER XIX. Military Organization in 1786-1790— Union Canal — The WTiiskey In- surrection; DeWees' Journal of— Scott's Description of Dauphin County in 1805. The close of the war for independence did not check the military ardor of the people, and militia battalions were organized in the different sections of the county. The officers of the militia from 1786 to 1790 were as follows : First Battalion. Commanded by Lieut.-Col. Thomas Murray. Captains. Charles Stewart. Arthur Bell. Richard Swan. Andrew Stewart. Samuel Cochran. William Johnston. Michael Limes. Martin Weaver. Second Battalion. Commanded by Liieut.-Col. Robert Clark. James Willson. Robert McKee. James Kelly. John Barnett. Peter Shuster. Oapiaina. Philip Wolfersberger. James Clunie. Frederick Hummel. Patrick Hayes. Third Battalion. Commanded by Lieut.-Col. Samuel Jones, and after- wards Lieut.-Col. Valentine Shouffler. Captains. John Reighard. Samuel Ainsworth, 1789- James McCreight. 90. Melchior Behny. Abraham Sehbolt, 1789- Daniel Bradley. 90. Ambrose Grain, 1786-88. William Young, 1789-90. Matthias Henning, 1788- 89. Fourth Battalion. Commanded by Lieut.-Col. Baltzer Orth. Captains. Jacob Embich, 1788-90. Christian Ley, 1788-90. Leonard Immel, 1789-90. Peter Gloninger, 1789-90. Henry Shell, 1786-88. Christopher Uhler. George Bowman. Alexander Martin. Peter Ensminger. Jojin Grumm. George Noll. GENERAL HISTORY. 115 The encroachmentB of the European powers upon American rights compelled the Congress. to organize what was called a provisional army in 1792. In obe- dience therewith the militia of Dauphin County, as then constituted, were fully organized and the oflBcers of the several battalions and companies elected in October. They were as follows : First BATTALioif. Lieutenant- Colonel. William Allen. First Company. Captain — Robert McKee. Second Company. Captain — James Kelly. Third Company. Captain — Michael Kutzner. Fourth Company. Captain — Jacob Wolfley. Fifth Company. Captain — Peter Eberly. Sixth Company. Captain — John Barnett. Seventh Company. Captain — James Wallace. Mghth Company. Captain^Philip Wolfersberger. Second Battalion. Lieutenant- Colonel. Valentine Shouffler. Major. William Wray. First Company. Captain — Jacob Gettle. Lieutenant — Jacob Cassel. Ensign — Frederick Hoover. Second Company. Captain — Daniel Bradley. Lieutenant— John Harper. Ensign — Christopher Winter. Third Company. Captain— John Martin. Lieutenant— William Hedrick. Ensign— John Ainsworth. Fourth Company. Captain— William Young. Lieutenant— John Wallace. Ensign — Vendel Smith. Fifth Company. Captain— Melchior Behny. L-ieutenant— Martin Walburn. Ensign— Adam Wingelbleck. Sixth Company. Captain— John Reighard. Lieutenant— Michael Leydick. Ensign— Peter Toy. Seventh Company. Captain — Hugh Andrew. Lieutenant — David Strain. Ensign — William Ward. Eighth Company. Captain — Abraham Sehbold. Lieutenant — Christian Shouffler. Ensign — Ulrick Felty. Light Infantry Company. Captain — Lewis Kreider. Lieutenant — Samuel Ainsworth. Ensign — Daniel Weidel. Third Battalion. Lieutenant- Colonel. John Andre Hanna. Major. Thomas Forster. First Company. Captain — John McElhenny. Lieutenant — John Whitehill. Ensign — Zachariah Stephen. Second Company. Captain — William Glass. Lieutenant — John Krause. Ensign — Anthony Seyfert. Third Company. Captain — William Murray. Lieutenant — Simpson Stengever. Ensign — James Foulks. Fourth Company. Captain — John Brubaker. Lieutenant — George Clark. Ensign— ^John Meetch. Fifth Company. Captain — Samuel Sherer. Lieutenant— Richard Fulton. Ensign — -Michael Newling. Sixth Company. Captain — Robert McClure. Lieutenant — Martin Shell. Ensign — John Syder. Seventh Company. Captain — Richard Swan. Lieutenant — Michael Whitley. Ensign — William Johnstop. Eighth Company. Captain — Martin Weaver. Lieutenant — John Sheesly. Ensign — Daniel Steever. Fourth Battalion. Lieutenant- Colonel. James Woods. George Bowman. 116 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. M,rst Company. Captain — Jacob Teiss. Lieutenant — David Teiss. Ensign — Joseph Bowman. Second Gompamj. Captain — Jacob Embich. Lieutenant — John Kohr. Ensign — Henry Kelker. Third Company. Captain — John Grum. Lieutenant — George Wiland. Ensign — Henry King. Fourth Company. Captain — Peter Ensminger. Lieutenant — Gottlieb Orth. Ensign — Henry Orth. Fifth Company. Captain — Thomas Millard. Lieutenant — Michael Bowen. Ensign — Frederick Trion. Sixth Company. Captain — Christian Ley. Lieutenant — John Krill. Ensign — John Kuster. Seventh Company. Captain — Michael Singer. Lieutenant — Charles Reighard. Ensign — Joseph Martin. Eighth Company. Captain — Daniel Hening. Lieutenant — Henry Berry. Ensign — Daniel Straw. Light Infantry Company. Captain — Abraham Doebler. Lieutenant — John Bowman. Ensign — Adam Ritscher. In the history of the county of Lebanon we have referred to the construction of the Union Canal in full. In this connection we can only say that it extends from Middletown, on the Susquehanna River, to Reading, on the Schuylkill River, being seventy-nine miles in length, with a navigable feeder seven miles in length. There are fifty-four locks on the east, with a descent of three hundred and seven feet, and thirty- four locks on the west, with a descent of one hundred and ninety-three feet. There is a tunnel northwest of Lebanon seven hundred and twenty-nine feet in length, cut in the solid rock, and this was the first tunnel constructed in the United States. The sum- mit was filled with water obtained from the Quitopa- hilla and Swatara Creeks, although other streams have been tapped. The first survey of it was made in 1762, by David Rittenhouse and Dr. William Smith, although its feasibility is said to have been suggested by William Penn as early as 1690. In 1764 operations were com- menced, and after many discouragements and finan- cial disasters were completed in 1837, when the first boat, the " Alpha of Tulpehocken," passed Lebanon on its way westward. Identical with the completion and operation of this maritime highway the material prosperity of this county, and especially Lebanon dates. The population increased, business increased, and to it belongs the honor of laying the corner-stone of the prosperity of those sections which it traverses. It has lost the prestige of its commerce and import- ance, but is still a line of cheap transportation for coal, lumber, iron-ore, iron, and other manufacturing material. The railroads have succeeded it in the popular sense of quick transportation, but it forms a prominent part in the history of the Swatara Valley, and as such will always be held in grateful remem- brance. Its first construction was made for boats of fifteen tons, but the enlargement between 1853 and 1857 gives a safe passage to boats of heavier capaci- ties. It has the honor of being the first canal built in the country. In the year 1793 occurred that terrible scourge the yellow fever at Philadelphia. The deaths were nu- merous, and many of the principal citizens of the metropolis fell victims to the epidemic. As is the case when yellow fever or cholera or other direful diseases prevail in a certain locality, places distant from the infected districts are affected by diseases somewhat allied to those of the more malignant type ; and during this period Harrisburg, Columbia, Reading, and other towns, suffered severely. In the chapters devoted to Harrisburg we have referred to this matter in full. The opposition to the excise law in Western Penn- sylvania culminated in 1794 in what was termed the " Expedition to the Westward," or the Whiskey In- surrection. Troops were enrolled, and the county of Dauphin well represented. We fully expected to ob- tain complete rolls of the troops in the departments of AVashington City, but investigation and research have not been successful. In the general pay-roll of the Second Regiment Pennsylvania Militia we have the following officers from this section : Lieutenant- Colonel. Thomas Forster. Major. Frederick Hummel. Paymaster. John Brown. Sergeant-Major. Philip Stoehr. Capt. John Wallace's company consisted of one captain, one lieutenant, one ensign, four serge'ants two corporals, and thirty-two privates. Capt. Samuel Ainsworth's company consisted of one captain, one lieutenant, one ensign, two sergeants, one corporal, and nineteen privates. Capt. Devin's rifle company consisted of one cap- GENERAL tllSTORY. 117 tain, one lieutenant, four sergeants, four corporals, and thirty privates. That there were other companies there is no doubt. We have the journal of Capt. Samuel Dewees, who Was on the Western Expedition, and from this we gather many important facts. Dewees says, — " Lawyers Fisher, Dentzel, Elder, and a storekeeper of the name of Reitzel, and othera of the citizens were engaged in raising a volunteer military company. Lawyer Fisher was elected captain, Lawyer Dent- zel ensign, Eeitzel first lieutenant, and second lieutenant. The company was a large one, and each member uniformed and equipped himself in handsome style, Capt. Fisher found out the residence of a drummer of the name of Warriour, who then lived some two or three miles from Harrisburg. Warriour had been a British drum-major, but had at an early stage of the Revolutionary struggle deserted from the British and joined himself to the Continental army, and had beat the drum for it until the end of the war. Warriour was chosen drum-major in Capt. Fisher's company, and I was chosen fife-major. Warriour was decidedly the best drummer that I had ever seen or heard beat during the Kevolution. His music was not of the loudest kind, but it was sharp, clear, well-timed, and rich in its spirit-stirring melodies. Capt. Fisher's company was composed of the most patriotic, intelligent, respectable, and wealthy young men of Harrisburg and vicinity, who prided them- selves very much in exercising and perfecting themselves in the school of the soldier. "... Capt. Fisher received orders for hi8.company to march on to Car- lisle. We all got in readiness, paraded through the principal streets of Harrisburg, and then marched for Carlisle. When we left Harrisburg we crossed over the Susquehanna Kiver in fiats. These were a kind of biiat twenty or thirty feet long and ten or twelve feet wide, with sides a foot and a half or two feet high. The banks of the river on the town side were covered with women and children, and there were great weep- ing and mourning. Our country called, and duty was clearly spread out before our eyes. We had, therefore, to aleel our hearts against the cries of mothers and children, and brave up against the tide of weeping and wailing by playing and beating up merrily ' Charley over the Water.' This we continued to do until Harrisburg was partly lost in the distance behind us." As many of the incidents detailed in Dewees' ac- count are new, and referable in the main to Capt. George Fisher's company, we make full extracts there- from : "... Upon our arrival at Carlisle we pitched our tents upon the ' commons' beyond the ' spring,' and very soon after the camp was formed ten or twelve men were detached from our company to join Gen. Wash- ington's quarter-guard. President Washington had arrived but that day or the day previous at CarUsle. He had been there, however, sev- eral times previous to our marching thither. Warriour and myself played the detached portion of our company up to the court-house, where the general's quarter-guard was stationed, and then returned to camp. "In a few days after our arrival at Carlisle, President Washington is- sued his orders for all to be in readiness to march. On the next or second day thereafter, in the morning, we were ordered to beat up the ' General.' This was a signal tune. As soon as we would commence to play it, all the men would set themselves about pulling up the tent-pins, and ar- ranging matters for a general strike. At a certain roll in this tune (called the ' General'),' all things being in readiness, the tents would be all thrown down in one direction, and 'all fall at once, in the same movement, or as nearly so as could be done. This done, some of the soldiers would then engage in rolling them up, whilst others would carry them to the wagons and pack them, camp-kettles, etc., therein. For the amusement and use of my yoting readers, I will here insert a part of two old verses (now recollected) which was set to the tune of the * General' : " ' Come, brave boys, it is almost day, Strike your tents and march away.' " • Don't you hear the general say, Strike jour tents and march away.' " After we had beaten up the ' General' our tents were all struck to the ground at the signal, rolled up, and they with all other camp equip- age, packed in our baggage-wagon. When this task was accomplished, the long roll was then beat up, and all formed into line. The army then formed by regiments into marching order, then marched and formed the line in the main street of Carlisle. The regiment to which Capt. Fisher's company was attached, was f9rmed in the main line of regiments, and upon the right of that line. Capt. Fisher's company occupying the right of that regiment, constituted the extreme right of the entire line, and rested in the main street, opposite the court-house. The rear of the main column or line rested at a great distance from town on the old Philadelphia road, and beyond the 'gallows ground.' This line, be- sides being formed preparatory to the march, was also established for the purpose of passing the review. All the ofRcers were at their posts in front of the line in order to receive and salute the coramauder-in- chief and suite. President Washington, the Governors of States then at Carlisle, formed at the head of the line. The brigade and field offi- cers that accompanied the President and Governors took their positions in the line preparatory to the review. " All things being in readiness, the President and suite moved on to a review of the troops. The method of salute was, each regiment as the commander-in-chief and suite drew near was ordered to ' present arms.' Field officers, captains, lieutenants, etc., in line in advance of the troops saluted by bringing the hilts of their swords to their faces and then throwing the points of their swords towards the ground at some little distance from their bodies on their right side, the musicians at the same time playing and heating a salute. The flag-bearers at a certain roll of the drum would also salute by waving their colors to and fro. The musicians in this grand line of military varied very much in their salutes. Some drummers no doubt knew what tune was a salute, and could have beaten it well, but their fifers could not play it, and some fifers knew how to play it, but their drummers could not beat it. An acquaintance of mine of the name of Shipe, who played the fife for a company from Philadelphia could have played it, and well too (formany a time we had played it together during the Revolution), but his drum- mer knew nothing about it. Some musicians played and beat one thing and some another. One fifer, I recollect (within hearing distance of us), played ' Yankee Doodle,' and his drummer no doubt beat it well too, but it was not a salute. When President Washington and his suite arrived at our regiment I struck up and Warriour beat the old ' British Grena- dier's March," which was always the music played and beat, and offered to a superior officer as a salute during the Revolutionary war. " President Washington eyed us keenly as ho was passing us, and con- tinued to do so, even when he had passed to some distance from us. After this duty was performed, upon the part of the soldiery, Washing- ton, in conversation with the officers, asked Capt. Fisher if his musi- cians (Warriour and myself) had not been in the Continental service during the Revolution? Capt. Fisher informed him that we had been ; upon which the President replied thathe had thought so, from the man- ner of playing and beating, and observed that we performed the best of any in the army, and were the only musicians that played and beat the old (or usual) revolutionary salute, which he said was as well played and beat as he had ever heard it during the Revolution. Capt. Fisher was very proud of our having so far excelled as to attain the just praise of the President, and said to us upon his return, ' Boys, you have received the praise of President Washington to-day for having excelled all of the musicians in the line in playing and beating up Washington's favorite revolutionary salute, for he says not a musician in the whole army has played it to-day but yourselves.' If Capt. Fisher was proud of Wash- ington's commendation of us, my readers may judge that we were not less proud of it than himself. "In the course of an hour or two after the troops had been reviewed by President Washington, at Carlisle, the order of ' forward' was given. The whole army then took up its line of march westward, and in the evening of that day it reached Mount Rock, and encamped. This place was about seven miles from Carlisle. The next day we passed through Shippensburg and reached Strasburg, at the foot of the mountain, where we encamped. I do not recollect whether we remained at this place longer than a night or not, but think that we were a day and two nights encamped there before we began to ascend the mountain. ********* "We broke our encampment at Strasburg and set out upon the march up the mountain. It is nothing to travel over the mountains now to what it was then ; the roads were both narrow and steep, as well as crooked. Owing to the zigzag nature of the road, soldiers in the front could behold very many soldiers towards the rear, and the soldiers in the rear could behold many of the soldiers that marched between it and the front. This march not being a forced one, ample time was given us to ascend to its summit. Nature had strewn her mose-covered seats about 118 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. in profuBion upoo its side, and we, grateful to her for the favor, occupied them often in our laborious journey, as well upon this mountain as others, upon all the other mountains which laid in our way between Cumberland Valley and Pittsburgh. " Soon after our arrival at that place [Bedford], portions of our army were reorganized. Here we lost our captain (Fisher), who was promoted to the rank of major. .Lieut. Reitzel became our captain, and Ensign Dentzel became lieutenant. After these changes were made we had to hold an election for ensign. " Shortly after this there was intelligence received that the ' Whiskey Boys' in great numbers were lying in ambush awaiting our approach. Some believed the report, others scouted at the idea. The whole army received an ample supply of ammunition. The rifle companies were ordered to mould a great many bullets, and much preparation was made to repel any attack which the insurgents might feel disposed to make. The orders to march upon a certain day were general. Each man drew a double or triple quantity of provisions, and received orders to cook the same. '"All things being in readiness, we then took up the line of march and pushed for the Allegheny Mountains. I do not recollect anything worthy of notice until we were descending the western base of the Al- legheny Mountains in our approach to the * Glades;' Here we had a hard time of it. It was now November, and the weather was not only quite cold but it was windy and rain waa falling. By an oversight we were pushed on a considerable distance in advance of our baggage- wagons, and at length halted at an old waste barn that we supposed be- longed to some one of the insurgents, for had it not been so our army would not have been permitted to burn the fences thereon. We col- lected rails and built fires, but owing to the rain and the marshy nature of that section of country, the ground around our fires with our con- tinued tramping became quite miry. . . . *'My readers may judge df the land's surface and of the state of the roads through the Glades when I inform them that when some of the wagons arrived is the forenoon at where we halted the night previous they had each from twelve to twenty horses attached to them, and the axle-trees were sweeping or shoving the mud and water before them as they moved onwards. None but regular wagoners could have navigated these mud swamps, and none but regular teamsters or men acquainted with bad roads or toads in their worst state can conceive the impassa- ble state of the roads through the Glades in the year 1794. . , . " We next made a halt at Greensburgh, in Westmoreland County, and the next halt that we made was not far from the ' Bullock Plains,' known by many as Braddock's Fields, When we arrived at Braddock's Fields we formed our camp and laid there a few days. Whilst tjiere, the Boldiei-s, many of them, amused themselves by climbing up into the trees for the purpose of cutting out leaden bullets which had been lodged there in 1755 when Gen, Braddock was defeated by the Indians in the campaign of that year. From Braddock's Fields we moved on to Fort Pitt (now Pittsburgh), and encamped within a mile of the town. " Whilst wo laid at Fort Pitt I obtained permission to visit the town evei'y day or two. The old fort (Duquesne) which had been built for the protection of this post, I do not recollect whether it was occupied by any of our troops, but believe it waa not. It was so built as to command the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers above and at their junction, as also the Ohio River below. The hills around Pittsburgh, particularly those on the opposite aides of both rivers, were very high. The hills above Pittsburgh and between the two rivers were (some of them) quite high, and were called different names, as Grant's Hill, Scotch Hill, Forbes' Fields, &c. " Instead of being met, as waa threatened, by a formidable foe, we saw nothing in the form of enemies. The disaffected had disbanded and gone quietly to their homes. The insurrectionary spirit was every day growing weaker and weaker, and in proportion as this had manifested itself the insurgent force had diminished. Mustering from seven to ten thousand men only, and they promiscuously and hastily drawn from their homes, young ai^d old, without proper leaders, proper discipline, military stores, etc., they had thought it altogether futile to attempt to resist (oi cope with) a well-disciplined army of upwards of fifteen thou- sand strong. After a number of the more active leaders were captured and handed over to the proper authorities, to be dealt with according to the laws of the land, the expedition waa considered at an end. Governor Lee, believing that it was altogether necessary and loudly called for, left Gen. Morgan with a strong detachment in the centreof ' this disaffected country.' The m,ain body of the army was then withdrawn from Pitts- burgh and the surrounding country, and were marched on theii- way homeward. Many who sought discharges obtained them ; some of these enlisted in the United States regular service and marched on to join Gen. Wayne, who was then engaged in a war with the Indians on the Miami, in Ohio. . . . "After climbing and descending alternately for a number of days together the different mountains which laid between Greensburg and the Cumberland Valley, I at length arrived at Straeburg. Setting out from Strasburg, in Franklin County, it was not long until I reached Harrisburg. A number of days elapsed before Capt. Fisher's (then Dentzel's) company arrived at Harrisburg." In 1805, Joseph Scott published " A Geographical Description of Pennsylvania; also the counties re- spectively in the order in which they were established by the Legislature, with an alphabetical list of the townships in each county, and their population in 1805." The account of Dauphin at this period is worth reproducing in this connection, as it contains facts nowhere else found : " Dauphin CouNTy. — A mountainous county, established, by the legis- lature, the 4th of March, 1785. It was taken from Lancaster county. Dauphin is bounded N. by Mahantango creek, which separates it from Northumberland, N. E. by Berks, S, E. by Lancaster, W. and S. W. by the Susquehanna, which divides it from Mifflin, on the N, W. : by Cum- berland on the W. : and York on the S. W. It is 45 miles in length, and 26 in breadth. The principal waters are Swatara, and its numerous branches, Paxtang, Fishing, Stony, Clark's, Powell's, Armstrong's, and Wikinisky creeks, also Manady and Beaver creeks, both important streams, and flowing into the Swatara from the east side of the county, besides Mahantango, which is the N. boundary of the county, and Cone* wago, which is its S. boundary ; all of which flow westerly, and fall into the Susquehanna. The principal mountains, beginning N. are Mahan- tango, Wikinisky, Petera' Little, Second, and the Blue Mountain ; be- sides the Conewago hills, partly in this, and Lancaster county. The lands south of the Blue mountain, including about one-half of the county, are considerably fertile, and not inferior to the lands generally in Lancaster county. -The valleys between the mountains are very nar- row, except Luken's valley S. of Mahantango mountain, and a large triangular valley, on each side of Armstrong's creek, between Wikin- isky mountain on the N. and Peters' on the S. Abundance of iron ore is found in some of the mountains. Two furnaces and 2 forges have been erected ; they manufacture pig, bar-iron, hollow-ware, &c. This county contained in 1805, 72 grist-mills, 77 saw-mills, 6 oil-mills, 4 full- ing-mills, 2 hemp-mills, 1 paper-mill, 127 distilleries, a boring and a powder-mill. Dauphin contained, in 1790, 17,965 free inhabitants, and 212 slaves ; and in 1800, 22,177 free inhabitants, and 193 slaves. It sends 3 representatives to the general assembly j and, in 1805, gave, on the election of governor, 3,151 votes. Townships. Population 1800, Free Per. Anvil 1485 Bethel 1837 Derry 1656 E. Hanover 1272 Harrisburg 1462 Heidelberg 1990 Sla. 2 10 10 10 Townships. Population 1800. Free Per. Lebanon 2870 Loud. Derry 1570 Lr. Paxton & Swatara. 3180 M. Paxton 722 Up. Paxton 2274 West Hanover 1849 Sla. 8 7 13 "Harrisburg, a borough, and post town, in which the courts of Justice are held for the county. It is agreeably situated on the E. side of the Susquehanna, in a large fertile valley, between the Conewago hills on the S. and the Blue mountain on the N. It was regularly laid out in 1785, and consists of 4 streets, which extend parallel to the river, as Front, Second, &c., intersected by 6 othei^ at right angles, called Mul- berry, Chestnut, Market, Walnut, Locust, and Pine streets, with an alley 20 feet wide, extending both ways, through the middle of each square, parallel to the streets. Market and Second street, are each 90 feeti wide ; and all the othei-s 52T>^ feet. At the intersection of Market and Second street is an oblong square, 520 feet long, by 150 broad, iu which are two brick market-houses. The town is built upon ground about 60 feet above the level of the river. The rising ground from the river to Front street, several hundred feet in breadth, belongs to the public. It can only be built upon one side. The river, up and down, with Maclay's island in front, presents to the eye, a beautiful view from this point. It serves for piling the large quantities of lumber, which is 1 Second and Market are 80 feet wide. GENERAL HISTORY. 119 annually brought in rafts down the river. The trade in lumber con- tributed largely to the rapid iEoprovement, which continued for 6 years, when a mill-dam was erected in the neighborhood. The place soon be- came extremely sickly, which obliged the inhabitants to purchase the mill, and clear out the dam, which has restored its ancient salubrity; and it is now improving with its former rapidity. Harrisburg contains about 400 houses ; about one-tliird are of briclc. The public buildings are an elegant brick court-house, 91 feet in front, including the oflftces, and 50 feet deep ; with an elegant cupola, a large hall, and town clock. The oflBces at each end, which contain the records of the county, and the public library, are fire-proof. A stone jail, two stoHes high, with a spacious yard surrounded by a stone wall, 18 feet in height; a brick and a log meeting house. An elevated piece of ground, containing about 4 acres, which commands a beautiful view of the town and neighborhood, is reserved for the accommodation of the general assembly, in case they fix on that as their permanent seat of government. In several parts of the town are wells of excellent water. The inhabitants may also be supplied from several streams, that issue from the heights, behind the town, and which may be conveyed, at a small expense, through every street, except the lot appropriated for the use of the legislature. " Harrisburg was erected into a borough the 13th of April, 1791. It is 107 miles N. W. of Philadelphia, and 1421 from Washington city. Lat. 40° 16" IS". Ion. 1° 42" W. " CampbelVe-Tovm, a small town, situated near a branch of the Quiti- pahilla, on the lower road between Harrisburg and Eeading, It is 13 miles E. of Harrisburg, and 96 N. W. of Philadelphia. " Emierton, a village on the E. side of the Susquehanna, 4 miles above Harrisburg. '* iJiaZz/ha;, a small post-town, on the E. side of the Susquehanna, 18 miles above Harrisburg, and 160 from Washington city, ^' HummeVs-Town, a handsome post-town, on the S. side of Swatara river, 6 miles N. of Middletown, and 10 E. by N. of Harrisburg. It contains about 100 houses. " Jonea'-Toimy a small post-town, situated in the forks of Swatara and Little Swatara, 23 miles N. E. by E. of Harrisburg, and 174 from Wash- ington city. It has a German Calvinist church. "Lebcmon, a handsome borough, and post-town, agreeably situated on the S. side of the Quitipahilla creek. The plan of the town is regular. It contains about 300 houses ; a German Lutheran and a 'German Cal- vinist church. About a mile and a half E. of the town is the Susque- hanna and Schuylkill canal, connecting the waters of the Tulpehocken, a navigable branch of the Schuylkill with the Quitipahilla, a navigable branch of the Swatara. " Lebanon was incorporated the 28th of March, 1799. It is 25 miles E. by N. of Harrisburg, 82 N. W. by W. of Philadelphia, and 167 from Washington city. " Middletovm, a considerable post town, situated near the N. W, branch of Swatara, about 2 miles above its confluence with the Susquehanna.^ The inhabitants cari-y on a brisk trade, in wheat and flour, by means of the Susquehanna, and its E. and N. W. branches. Contiguous to the town is one of the largest merchant-mills in-the United Stales. Mid- dletown ia 15 miles S. E. of Harrisburg, 92 W. by N. of Philadelphia, and 142 from Washington city. " Myers^-Tovm, a village on the Tulpehocken, a few miles below the canal. It is 32 miles E. by N. of Harrisburg, and 77 from Philadelphia. '^ Newman's-Toum, a small town on the E. side of Mill creek, contain- ing about 40 houses. It is 39 miles E. by N. of Harrisburg. *' Palm^s-Toumf a small post-town, 157 miles from Washington city. " Stump's-Tovm, a village situated on a branch of Little Swatara, con- taining about 25 houses, and a German Lutheran and Calvinist church. It is 27 miles E. N.E. of Harrisburg. " SeideRtergy a handsome town, situated at 'the head of Hammer Creek, a branch of Cocalico Creek, which joins the Coneatoga. It contains About 100 houses, a German, Lutheran, and Calvinist Church. It is 33 miles E. by N. of Harrisburg, and 74 N. W.by W. of Philadelphia." 1 Harrisburg ia 126 miles from the ci£y of Washington. 2 Middletown is nine miles from Harrisburg, and at the junction of the Swatara and Susquehanna. CHAPTER XX. The War of 1812 — General Officers — KoIIb of the Companies of Captains Carothers, Grain, Dietrick, Elder, Fetterlioff, Graham, Henry, Knight, McEIhenny, Moorliead, Smith, Todd — Peace — Association of the Sol- diers of the War of 1812. We shall not here refer in full to the causes which led to the second war with England, that of 1812-14, save to say that the difficulties arose from the depre- dations of the latter power in assuming the right to search American vessels, and against which the United States had earnestly protested. On the 18th of June, 1812, Congress declared war against Eng- land, voted five millions of dollars for war purposes, and authorized a call for one hundred thousand troops. In the history of Lebanon County we have given in full the address of Governor Snyder, of Penn- sylvania, calling upon the volunteer soldiery of the State " to rally around the constituted authorities of the Union." Such was the enthusiasm of the hour that in response to the Governor's call three times as many troops tendered their services as were required. The disappointment of some was so great that money was freely offered to secure a place among those ac- cepted by the authorities. Dauphin County was not backward. In 1812 and 1813 none of the companies which offered themselves were called, but certain ones were held in readiness for any emergency which might arise. When the news of the battle of Bladensburg and the capture of Washington City reached the capital, the old-time patriotism was aroused, and responsive to the call of the hour the following companies were mustered into service, and hastened to the front and to the relief of , the beleaguered city of Baltimore. Some of the companies never marched farther than York. General Officers.' Brigadier- General. John Forster, 1814. Brigade-Inspector. Christian Spayd, 1814. 1 The uniform of the Pennsylvania volunteers, as directed by General Orders, was as follows : " General Officers. — Their coats to be blue, faced and lined with buff. They may embroider the button-holes on the collar. Their epaulettes, sword mounting, buttons, spurs, buckles, and trimmings to be gold or gilt. Buff vests, breeches, or pantaloons. " The General Staff and Field Officers.— To wear chapeaux of the following form : The fan not less than six and a half, nor more than nine inches high in the rear, nor less than fifteen, nor more than sev- enteen inches from point to point, bound round the edge with black binding half an inch wide. The wearing of feathers is dispensed with. The company ofiBcers may, wifh the consent of the iield olficers of the regiment to which they belong, wear any other uniform hat than the chapean. " The coat of the infantry and artillery shall be blue, edged with red. It shall be single-breasted, and have ten buttons, the length to reach to the bend of the knee. The standing collar to rise to the tip of the ear. The cuffs shall be plain, of the same color of the coat, and not less than three nor more than three and a half inches wide ; the bottom of the breast and two hip buttons to range. Vest, breeches, and panta- 120 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Lieutenant- Colonel. William Cochran. Hospital Surgeon. Samuel Agnew. Hospital Surgeon's Mate. Luther Eeily. Aides-de- Camp. Amos Ellmaker, to Gen. John Forster. Samuel D. Franks, to Gen. John Addams. Brigade- Major. John M. Forster, promoted from sergeant. Surgeon. William Patton. Paymaster. Christian Gleim, promoted from ensign. Quartermaster. Melchior Eahm. Boll of Capt. John Carothera' Company. Muster-roll of Capt. John Carother's company, in the First Regiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, under the command of Col. Maxwell Ken- nedy, at York, Sept. 5, 1814. (In service from Sept. 2, 1814, to March 5, 1815, from Dauphin County.) Captain. John Carothers. First Lieutenant. John Horning. Second Lieutenant. Henry Crangle. Ensign. Thomas Orr. loons white. Blue pantaloons may be worn in the winter. Yeat, single- breasted, without pocket-flaps. " Epaulettes, sword mounting, buttons, spurs, buckles, and trimmings of the Artillery, gold or gilt; those of the Infantry, silver or plated. The sword to be of the sabre form. " Black stock, of leather or silk ; cockade blue and red, of leather Or silk. It is recommended that the cockade be always worn on duty, or in service, or when in requisition. Volunteer corps may select their own uniform, but the cockade of the State cannot be dispensed with. It is earnestly recommended to the offlcers of the militia to use their best exertions in their several commands to induce the non-commissioned ofaoers to wear worsted epaulettes. That the expense may not be an obstacle, it is ordered that their uniform he a gray coatee and pantaloons of the same color. In summer, hunting shirts and trowsers may be worn. A round black hat, the rim not to exceed three inches. Any particulars not above prescribed may be supplied by reference to the regulations prescribed for the army of the United States. *' As a due proportion of military pride and uniformity of dress is im- portant to form the cliaracter of a soldier. It is expected that every man who may be called upon to defend his home, bis country, and his rights, will exert himself promptly to carry these orders into complete effect. It is Judged proper to embrace this occasion to recommend to officers and men to procure all the materials for clothing and equipments of American manufacture." 1. John Lyne. 2. John Cams. 1. Erastus Hooper. 2. McNair Wilson. Sergeants. 3. Isaac Tomlinson. 4. James Emerson. Corporals. 3. John Wingert. 4. William Burton. Privates. Barr, Robert. Bevins, Benjamin. Boyer, William W.~" Brown, John. Bugle, William. Calendar, Norman. Capp, Michael. ~ Ehvell, Jacob. Floyd, James. Geistweit, Henry.— Harrison, Williamson. Hartz, Henry. - Hasselbauch, John. - Henry, Joseph. Housman, Daniel. - Keller, Joseph. - Keller, Samuel. ~ Kirk, Patrick. Kline, John. - Krebb, John. -^ Kentzel, Jacob. , Machen, Michael.^ Maglaughlin, William. Martin, John. McBride, Jonathan. McCawen, James. McChristal, Daniel. McVanner, Joseph. Mercer, Caleb. Miller, Jacob. ^ Moor, Arthur. Morningstar, Henry. Morningstar, John. Mulhollin, Rudolph. Nagle, George. - Nickle, John. Peacock, John. Peck, Frederick. ' Phleger, Jacob. -- Pool, Adam. Robinson, John. Sellars, George. Shott, George. - Singer, Benedict.- Stimmell, Philip. - Still, Nicholas. Walraven, Joseph. -^ Roll of Capt. Richard M. Crain's Company} Muster-roll of Capt. Richard M. Crain's company. First Regiment, First Brigade, of Pennsylvania Militia, under the command of Col. Maxwell Ken- nedy, at York, Pa. (In service from Aug. 31, 1814, to March 5, 1815, from Dauphin County.) 1 Itineraev of Haerisburq Artillerists, 1814. " Mem. of Ihe marches of the Rarrisb. vol. Arlillerists in their Campaign *B defense of theis- country agaimt the British from Sept. 2d, 1814, to Dec. Sth, 1814. " 1 814, Triday Sept. 2d. The Harrisburg vol : artillerists, Kichard M . Grain , Capt.— Joel Bailey 1st lieutenant— Oeo. Carothers 2d lieutenant. —This day marched from Harrisburg on their route to Bal to.— halted at Mlddletown for the night, having marched 9 miles. "Saturday, 3d Sept. This day marched to York sixteen miles, and halted there; it being the place appointed to rendevouz and organize the army. Remained encamped at York until "Friday, 16th. This day, the army being organized, Struck our tents and marched toward Balto 14 miles and halted at ' DoudeVs,^ and pitched our tents for the night. " Saturday, 17th. This day struck our tents and marched to Stone Tavern, 22 miles and pitched our tents for the night. " Sunday, 18th. This day struck our tents and marched 8 miles to Oovam'a Tavern and pitched our tenta for the day and night. " Monday, 19th. This day struck our tents and marched three miles, and pitched our tents on Camp Fairfield, within about a mile of Balto. " Monday 26. This day at 1 o'clock p. m., struck our tents and marched 9 miles to Elk Ridge landing, on our route to meet the British on the Patuxent. Pitched our tents for the night. GENEKAL HISTOKY. 121 Captain. Richard M. Grain. First Lieutenant. Joel Bailey. Second Lieutenant. George Carothers. Sergeants. 1. Alexander M. Piper. 3. James E. Boyd. 2. Richard T. Jacobs. 4. Joseph C. Laveille. Corporals. 1. John Benjamin. 3. Jacob Elder. 2. George Taylor. 4. John Walborn. Drummer. David Krause. Fifer. Jacob Pool. Adams, George. Barnett, John M. Barnett, Thomas. Barnett, William. Beissel, John. '' Blake, Henry. Bostwick, Trueman. Boyer, Samuel. ■ Boyer, William. Brotherton, Elisha. Brown, Thomas. Burr, H. Henry. Oapp, Samuel. " Carson, William M. Cochran, George. Conner, John. Curtz, Thomas, v Dougherty, Michael. Privates. Eicholtz, George. Ewing, Nathaniel. Findlay, William S. Fleck, John. Furguson, Matthew. George, William. , Gleim, Jacob. *^ Gongaware, George, v' Graydon, Alexander. Graham, Robert. Harris, Samuel. Hiester, Jonathan D. - Hitzelberger, Nicholas. V Hoyer, Jacob. ^ Keighler, John, i Kellar, John. Kimble, Charles. Knepley, Jacob. ^ "Tuesday, 27. This day struck our tents, and countermarched to Balto. and pitched our tents on Camp Springfield, adjoining the city of Balto. on its eastern boundary. Here we remained encamped until "1814, Sunday, Dec'r 4th, when we struck our tents and marched towards Home about 20 miles and encamped for the night. "Monday, 5. Struck our tents and marched about 18 miles and pitched our tents for the night. It snowed about four inches deep during the night. " Tuesday, 5. Struck our tents and marched about 8 miles to York, where we had quarters for the night. " Wednesday, 7th. We received our discharge ; and then marched to Middletown [16 miles], where we had quarters for the night. " Thursday, 8. Left Middletown. Arrived at Harrisburg about 1 o'clock p. m. and dismissed. Joseph Touse, of this company, a Middletown artillerist, had a fur- lough signed by the most important oflacer in the division. It is as fol- lows. It bears the mark of severe usage : " Baltimore Camp, ) " SpRlNGFiELn, November 18, 1814. J "The Bearer Joseph Jause, of Captain Craine's Company is hereby " Furloughfld for Six days from this date on order to return to Middletown, in Pennsylvania, and to return to Camp in said time. " Nath'l Watson, Major General, " P. Militia." Krum, Peter. '- Kunkel, Jacob. "^ Lebkicher, Michaels Lebo, John. Leech, Richard T. Leek, Henry. Mitchell, Thomas S. Murphy, James. Myer, George. " Nabb, Perry C. Newell, William. Reily, Luther. Reily, William. Robertson, William. Rodney, John. Search, John. Shannon, John. Sheirman, Henry C. Shoch, Samuel. ^ Shrier, John. ^ Shunk, Francis R. ^ Smith, Henry. Smith, John. Stine, Jacob R. - Swoyer, John. „ Thompson, John B. Vanbuskirk, Andrew. Vanderslice, Marcus. Wallace, Joseph. Weinman, Samuel.^ Whitehill, John. White, Thomas. Willis, John M. Wil.son, John. Youse, Joseph. ^ Roll of Capt. Jacob Dietrich's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. Jacob Dietrick's company in the Second Regiment, First Brigade of Pennsyl- vania Militia, under the command of Adam Rit- scher, at York, Pa., Sept. 5, 1814. (In service from Sept. 1, 1814, to March 5, 1815; from Dauphin County.) Captain. Jacob Dietrick. Lieutenant. Daniel Hoffman. Christian Knitzel. 1. William Wilson. 2. Jacob Dietrick. 1. John Russell. 2. James Shoflfstall. 3. Peter Sasimon. 4. John Paul. Corporals. 3. Thomas Gary. 4. Abraham Leidy. Privates. Balsley, Thomas. Bell, James. Bell, John. Brooks, John. Brubaker, Joseph. Bumbaugh, John. Campbell, James. Campbell, Armstrong, dinger, Peter. Coplens, John. Cremer, Daniel. Ettinger, John, Sr. Ettinger, John, Jr. Ferree, Joel. Franck, Abraham. Garman, John. Geesman, John. Goodman, Henderey. Haberstick, John. Halman, Nicholas. Halsman, John. Hendrey, Daniel. Hetrick, Nicholas. Holman, John. Holman, Peter. Hoyer, Peter. Kean, Daniel. Lark, Stophel. Lobe, Peter. Long, Henderey. Lower, Jacob. Lowes, Joseph. 122 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Manigh, Peter. Matthias, Elgah. Meek, Jacob. Menigh, George. Messner, Christian. Moore, Christian. Motter, Christian. Motter, John. Moyer, Frederick. Otto, Conrad. Powel, Ludwick. Priser, Hendery. Eowen, Casper. Eiggle, Andrew. Eoss, William. Sestor, John. Shaop, George. Shnoke, Christian. Shofestall, William. Sidel, Hendery. Snoke, George. Snyder, Jacob. Sponcilor, John. Swab, Jacob. Swigert, Adam. Swigert, Peter. Swisby, George. Woodside, James. Workman, Joseph. Boll of Capt. John Elder's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. John Elder's company in the First Eegiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Mili- tia, under the command of Col. Maxwell Kennedy, at York, Pa. (In service from Sept. 2, 1814, to March 5, 1815 ; from Dauphin, Berks, and Schuyl- kill Counties.) Captain. John Elder. Lieutenant. William Eeed. Ensign. Henry W. Conrad. Sergeants. 3. Jacob Walborn. 4. George Shive. Corporals. 3. John Miller. 4. Henry Eeinoehl. Drummer. Conrad Schreffler. 1. Jacob Stouch. 2. Daniel Hess. 1. John Eeigel. 2. George Christ. Fifer. George Wohlhaver. Privates. Aman, Daniel. Aman, John. Baney, "Valentine. Bare, Henry. Bartow, Benjamin. Bates, Abraham. Batton, John. Bender, John. Bonewitz, John. Brown, John. Deater, Henry. Deible, John. Dinger, Peter. Drane, Michael. Gebhart,'Henry. Haag, John. Hautz, John. Hill, John. Keefer, Abraham. Lininger, Jacob. Lutz, Peter. Miller, Michael. Miller, Michael, Jr. Neyswender, Christian. Reed, Adam. Eeim, John. Roug, Jacob. Eourher, Jacob. Shoch, Daniel. Schreck, Andrew. Schw-ln, Philip. Shade, Jacob. Shade, Samuel. Shaffer, Abraham. Sheaffer, John. Snyder, John. Snyder, John. Stall, Jacob. Stengel, Jacob. Stoler, John. Stubb, John. Umpenhouer, Daniel. Walborn, Martin. Weaver, Peter. Wenrich, John. Wert, John. Wertz, John. Wilhelm, Philip. Witman, Philip. Zebach, John. Zeeman, Jonathan. Zerb, Adam. Boll of Capt. Philip Fetterhoff's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. Philip Fetterhoff's company in the Second Eegiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Adam Eitscher, at York, Pa. (In service from Sept. 2, 1814, to March 5, 1815 ; from Dauphin County.) Captain. Philip Fetterhoff. Lieutenant. Thomas Woodside. Ensign. John Shire. Sergeants. 3. John Wenn. 4. George Fetterhoff. Corporals. 3. James Howard. 4. John Hoffman. Drummer. Jacob Byrod. 1. Jacob Baughman. 2. Peter Werner. 1. Henry Frank. 2. Philip Enders. Flfer. Henry Werley. Privates. Beadle, John. Bixler, Abraham. Bordner, Jacob. Campbell, Conrad. Chub, Daniel. Cooper, George. Deety, David. Dunckle, George. Dunckle, Jacob. Dunckle, John. Elliot, William. Fagely, David. Flesher, Daniel. Foeght, Frederick. Franklin, John. Frantz, Adam. Frantz, John. Gardner, James. Harding, Dennis. Harman, Daniel. Harman, Jacob. Hibsher, Henry. Hogue, Jacob. Imshofstall, Lewis. Keister, Benjamin. Koch, Henry. Leukert, Michael. Lebs, George. Loudermilk, Adam. Lower, Christian. Metz, Henry. Miller, William. Motter, George. Neece, Henry. Novinger, Isaac. Novinger, Jesse. GENERAL HISTORY. 123 Novinger, John. Ossman, Andrew. Ossman, Daniel. Ossman, Reuben. Pouel, Jacob. Pouel, Lewis. Eeehart, John. Eeist, Peter. Ritzman, Jacob. Eitzman, John. Eumberger, Peter. Shoop, Jacob. Shoop, Joseph. Shoppel, Jeremiah. Shortess, Thomas. Shott, Philip. Shroy, Henry. Snyder, William. TJmberger, Philip. Umholtz, Henry. Weaver, George. Weis, John. Werfel, Jacob. Wert, John. Williard, Peter. Woodside, Jonathan. Yeager, Jacob. Yeager, Stophel. Yeartz, Peter. Roll of Capt. John Oraham's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. John Graham's company, in the Second Regiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Adam Ritscher, at York, Pa. (In service from Sept. 2, 1814, to March 5, 1815 ; from Dauphin, Berks, and Schuylkill Counties.) Captain. John Graham. Lieutenant. James Porter. Ensign. John Turner. 1. James Corbet. 2. John Brestel. Sergeants. 3. William Boon. 4. Samuel Allen. Corporals. 1. James Boon. 3. George McLane. 2. Michael Umberger. 4. John Carter. Musicians. John Straw. James Edwards. Privates. Aunght, John. Boon, John. Oathcart, James. Caverich, Daniel. Oolvins, John. Darr, Peter. Deckart, Michael. Demude, Jacob. Duncan, John. Emrich, Thomas. Focht, Christian. Focht, Godfrey. Focht, John. Fox, Jacob. Furguson, John. Gephart, Philip. Griflath, Thomas. Hartman, Abraham. Hembergerger, Jacob. Hite, Henry. Huts, John. Hutton, John. Jennings, Solomon. Kenslow, William. Ketterman, Adam. Leman, Henry. Leman, Jacob. Long, Jacob. McFadden, Robert. McKee, Sample. Michael, Daniel. Moor, Richard. Mulholland, James. Mulholland, Rudolph. Myer, George. Myer, Henry. Myer, Joseph. Myer, William. Nigh, Christian. Phillips, Joseph. Ponsus, Frederick. Reedy, Leonard. Reeser, William. Reeves, Samuel. Eider, George. Rider, William. Robinson, John. Rode, Jacob. Russel, Daniel. Scot, John. Shallohamer, George. Shaum, John. Shaum, Stophel. Shoffner, John. Shrivever, George. Shriver, Jacob. Shruck, Henry. Smith, Henry. Smith, Martin. Spancake, Jacob. Stevenson, Thomas. Stitzman, John. Tennis, William. Ulrich, George. Ulrich, John. Wagner, Philip. Wards, John. Weaver, Peter. Wilhelm, Adam. Wolf, George. Yerger, Henry. Zerber, John. Zimmerman, Henry Boll of Capt. Gawin' Henry's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. Gawin Henry's company of rifle- men, in the Second Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, under the command of Col. William Hamilton, at York. (In service from Sept. 1, 1814, to Dec. 4, 1814; from Dauphin and Lancaster Counties.) Captain. Gawin Henry. Lieutenant. William Thomas. Ensign. Adam Ross. 1. Samuel Carson. 2. Dennis Haws. 1. Edward Hughs. 2. Jesse Lukins. 3. Alexander Glasgow. 4. Peter Miller. Corporals. 8. John Price. 4. George Schaeffer. Drummer. Henry Isett. Fifer. Thomas Bryan. Privates. Baker, Daniel. Baumgartner, Windle. Baxter, William. Berryman, John. Best, Thomafi. Blake, Thomas. Boone, Mordecai. Brickley, James. Bryan, John. Burns, Peter. Campbell, James. Casebolt, Isaac. Cowhick, John. Crooks, John. Crossly, Abraham. Cunkle, Philip. 124 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Earls, Henry. Fair, George. Ferguson, John. Finnerty, Joseph. Flasher, George. Fulton, Thomas. Gastwhite, Joseph. Gastwhite, Samuel. Gibson, William. Green, Griffiths. Heiney, George. Heiser, Jacob. James, Edward. Johnston, Andrew. Jones, Jonathan. Keesel, John. Lefevre, George. Linton, John. Lukins, Aaron. Lukins, Joseph. Lytle, Alexander. Madlam, James. Midlam, John. Mayer, Henry. Mayer, Henry 0. McCurdy, William. McNamee, James. McNiel, Archibald. Milam, William. Murphy, Benjamin. Murry, James. Newman, Jacob. Nichols, Conrad. Obert, Peter. Over, David! Over, John. Pheeling, James. Phoeble, Lewis. Porter, John. Ramsey, James. Eeed, King. Rheim, Samuel. Ridge, Thomas. Eupley, George. Scott, Robert. Scott, William. Shirts, Jacob. Swager, William. Thomas, Daniel. Wade, William. Waggoner, John. Weaver, William. Wfeingarten, Albert. Weingartner, John. White, James. Wilhelm, Adam. Winemaker, Henry. Woods, Thomas. Wyant, George. Boll of Capt. Richard Knight's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. Richard Knight's company, in the First Regiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, under command of Col. Maxwell Kennedy, at York, Pa., Sept. 5, 1814. (In service from Sept. 1, 1814, to March 5, 1815; from Dauphin County.) Captain. Richard Knight. Lieutenant. Philip Kline. George Roberts. Sergeants. 1. Joshua McConnel. 3. Jonathan Balsly. 2. John Carson. 1. Henry Witmoyer. 2. Peter Swartz. Baker, Jacob. Blasser, John. Blasser, Peter. Bowman, Daniel. Britz, Ludwick. 4. William Duncan. Corporals. 3. John Books. 4. John Johnson. Privates. Calhoon, William. Cassel, Jacob. Colhoon, James. Cralh, Matthias. Duncan, James. Ely, John. Fisher, Jacob. ' Fry, George. Garverick, John. Gaul, Philip. Hains, Sampson. Harruff, Andrew. Henning, Samuel. Hommon, Andrew. Hommon, George. Isenhelder, Michael. Knop, Christian. Leas, Martin. Lyter, Joseph. Mclntire, Samuel. Miller, George. Miller, Henry. Miller, Henry. Miller, William. Millison, William. Mooney, Peter. Moyers, George. Moyers, Henry. Onks, William. Ort, William. Patrick, William. Reel, Peter. Road, John. Shell, Daniel. Shroy, Jacob. Smith, William.' Soul, Abraham. Soul, Samuel. Stair, Michael. Swartz, Abraham. Updegrove, Richard. Uriah, George. Waid, Hugh. Weaver, David. Wetzel, Samuel. Wilson, John. Wise, George. Wolf, Jacob. Yungst, John. Zimmerman, John. Roll of Capt. Thomas McElhenny's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. Thomas McElhenny's company, in the Second Regiment, First Brigade, of Penn- sylvania Militia, under command of Lieut.-Col. Ritscher, at York. (In service from Sept. 3, 1814, to March 5, 1815 ; from Dauphin ahd Lebanon Coun- ties.) Capt-ain. Thomas McElhenny. Lieutenant. Thomas Finney. Ensign. John Berry. Sergeants. 1. John Jamison. 3. David Fishburn. 2. John Strock. 4. Jacob Rees. Corporals. 1. William Hamilton. 3. Jacob Painter (Bender). 2. Michael Speek. 4. Jacob Denius. Fifer. Henry Woolhaver. Bailer, John. Baird, James. Balm, George. Bashore, Adam. Bashore, Henry. Bassler, John. Bassford, John. Blecker, Henry. Breight, John. Brownewell, John. Bush, Frederick. Cope, Henry. Dasher, Henry. Delhi, Jacob. Earley, Christian. Feegan, Daniel. Feesick, John. Fortney, John. GENERAL HISTORY. 125 Frankford, Henry. Funk, Martin. Gebeny, Hugh. Gels, Jacob. Haneson, John. Harvy, Henry. Heims, John. Hexenhiser, Henry. Horner, George. Johnson, James. KafFeman, Philip. Kelay, John. Keller, Jacob. Kenny, Patrick M. Kramer, John. Kurtzman, Daniel. Lance, John. Leib, Christopher. Luton, John. McLaughlin, James. McCinty, Patrick. Miller, John. Mengle, Benjamin. Moyer, Henry. Meyer, Jacob. Moyer, Michael. Nagle, Frederick. Netenour, Philip. Nigh, Adam. Noaker, Benjamin. Olwine, Warner. Plessly, Frederick. Eawland, John. Rees, David. Reeson, Samuel. Ritter, Enoch. Robison, George. Rudy, Samuel. Smith, Henry. Sponprot, Christian. Stukey, Frederick. Swier, John. Swigart, Martin. Switzer, John. Tice, John. Ulrich, Jacob. White, George. Yingst, Jacob. Yingst, John. Young, John. Boll of Capt. John B. Moorhead's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. John B. Moorhead's company, in the First Regiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, commanded by Col. Maxwell Kennedy, at York, Sept. 5, 1814. (In service from Sept. 1, 1814, to March 5, 1815; from Dauphin County.) Captain. John B. Moorhead. Lieutenant John Manley. jEnsig?i. David Hebel. Sergeants. 1. John McCord. 3. William Hammil. 2. Deitrich Fishburn. 4. Simon Louer. Corporals. 1. William McCord. ' 3. Thomas McNair. 2. Francis Drummond. 4. Thomas Ramsey. Anghst, George. Bear, Jacob. Brown, John F. Burnett, Archibald E Collins, Reuben. Cowden, James. Oowden, Matthew B. Cromwell, John. Cross, John. Enk, Jacob. Brivates. Espey, David. Foster, George W. Frazier, Andrew. Gilchrist, John. Haverstick, John. Hollsman, Henry. McKissick, Thomas. Moore, Thomas H. Moorhead, Robert. Myer, Benjamin. Pearson, Samuel. Pollock, John. Quig, William. Shannon, Edward. Simmons, Joseph. Simonton, John W. Stephen, Andrew. Sterrett, Joseph. Sturgeon, Allen. Sturgeon, Robert, linger, David. Wallace, John, Welsh, Andrew. Welsh, John. Wheeler, Joseph. Wilson, William. Zhent, Jacob. Boll of Capt. Isaac Smith's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. Isaac Smith's company in the One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, under the command of Lieut. William Cochran, at York, Pa. (In ser- vice from September 2d to ; from Dauphin, Lancaster, etc.) Captain. Isaac Smith. Birst Lieutenant. Michael Lentz. Second Lieutenant. Nathan Buchanan. Bn.sign. John Taylor. Sergeants. 3. James Freeburn. 4. Henry Shaeflfer. Corporals. 2. Samuel Hummel. 1. Thomas Black. 2. George Taylor. 1.- Tilson Fuller. Bitting, Peter. Black, John. Bower, Adam. Bower, Jacob. Bower, Michael. Braught, Adam. Chubb, Peter. Clark, John. Cline, Philip. Frank, Frederick. Freed, Abraham. Freeburn, Thomas. Gray, Jacob. Huston, Samuel. Hylard, Guy. Jury, Abraham. Privates. Jury, George. Lentz, George. Lingefelter, .lacob. Lodge, William. Mash, Peter. Miller, John. Noblet, John. Peters, Christian. Reed, John. Rutter, Isaac. Sewers, Daniel. Sinn, George. Sweigart, David. Urich, Joseph. Wilson, Daniel. Boll of Capt. James Todd's Company. Muster-roll of Capt. James Todd's company of the Second Regiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, under the command of Col. Adam Ritscher, at York, Pa. (In service from Sept. 1, 1814, to March 5, 1815 ; from Dauphin and Lebanon Coun- ties.) 126 HISTOKY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY". r-* Captain. Captain. James Todd. Thomas Walker. ' Lieutenant. Lieutenant. John Ward. Charles Still. Ensign. Henry Winter. Ensign. Christian Gleim. 1. Isaac Ward. 2. John Fox. Sergeants. 3. William McCreight. 4. Simon Duey. Corporals. 1. John Roberts. 2. William Allison. Sergeants. 3. George Beatty. 4. John Frazier. 1. James (John) Martin. 3. Samuel Todd. Corporals. 2. George Fisler. 4. Samuel Johnson. 1. John Fisher. 3. Eichard Adams. ^ Drummer. 2. William Bryan. 4. George Boyer. William Bomberger. Drummer. Fifer. Jacob Dubbs. Samuel Winter. Privates. Fifer. Samuel Hoi man. Albert, John. Lunning, Casper. Beasore, Peter. Lutz, George. Privates. Beck, Jacob. Martin, John. Ackerman, George. Kuhn, Jacob. Binner, George. McCreight, Alexander. Anderson, Alexander Kunkel, John. Brown, Jacob. Morton, James. Antes, Henry. Loyer, Philip. Click, John. Mouray, Conrad. Awl, Jacob M. Maguire, Isaac. Gulp, Lewis. Meese, John. Ball, Austin. Martin, John. Dibbins, John. O'Brian, Samuel. Baughman, Jacob. McBay, William. Emmerick, Jacob Painter, George. ' Bary, William M. McUwaine, Hugh. Failer, George. Pruss, George. Carson, Charles. McKinny, Henry. Feauver, John. Pruss, John. Cole, George. Meek, Jacob. Felty, George. Secondurst, John. Cowhick, William. Miller, Daniel. Farsling, George. Simon, John. Orabb, Plunket. Mintshall, Thomas. Fermald, George. Shafer, Adam. Dearmond, Andrew S Mitchel, James. Folmer, John. Shenk, George. Demer, John. Montgomery, James. Feesick, Dewald. Snodgrass, Eobert. Dickey, Eobert. Moyer, George C. Goodman, Peter. Spitler, Henry. Durang, Charles. Officer, James. Hetterich, John. Stoner, Henry. Durang, Ferdinand. Eahm, Jacob. Hileman, John. Todd, David. Elder, Joshua. Eessing, Lewis. Hoofnagle, Benjamin. Unghst, Peter. Fields,- Michael. Eoberts, John. Hoofnagle, John. Weiser, Benjamin. Fulton, William. Eupley, Mitchel. Hoover, Conrad. Welkmore, David. Funk, Abraham. Sample, John. Hassinger, Stofle. Wenner, Andrew. Gleason, Alexander W. Schott, John. Houser, John. Winter, John. Good, Martin. Sheflfey, John. Hunsaker, Philip. Wolburn, Henry. Harper, William. Shellcott, Ezekiel. Knoll, George. Wolburn, Jacob. Harris, David. Skinner, Robert J. Koch, Henry. Wolburn, John. Heikel, Christian. Slough, Jacob. Kreamer, Peter. Wolf, John. Heisely, George J. Smith, Samuel. Kyser, Conrad. Wolmer, George. Himmelright, Samue I. Stahl, John. Leas, Daniel. Yonker, John. Henry, Samuel. Steinman, Jacob. Light, Felix. Hinckley, Charles. Stephenson, Robert. Roll of Capt. Thomas Walker's Company. Hyneman, Frederick. Jackson, Alexander J Stehley, John A. W. Stroman, Joseph. Muster-roll of Capt. Thomas Walker's company in Jackson, James. Updegraflf, Ellis. the First Eegiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Jackson, Joseph. Updegraff, Isaac. Militia, under command of Col. Maxwell Kennedy, Jontz, John. Wallis, John L. at York, Pa. ( In service from Aug. 29, 1814, to Koehler, George F. Williams, John E. March 5, 1815 ; from Dauphin County.) Kroberger, John H. Wain, Michael. GENERAL HISTORY. 127 Wilkins, Robert B. Wilson, Henry. Winagle, Jacob. Wunder, Samuel. Wright, John 0. Young, John. Zearing, John. Zimmerman, Frederick. Zollinger, Jacob. On the 24th of December, 1814, a treaty of peace was signed by the American and British commission- ers. The news did not reach America until the 11th of February. On the 14th, Tlie Oracle of Dauphin is- sued the following announcement : Oracle Extra. Tuesday, February 14, 1815. • l --l " l' 1' I nil II II II i I N I ■!' ■! ■!' ■ ! ■ I [I M 1 1 ' 1 1 M 1 1; 1 I 1 PEACE WITH ENGLAND. The Editor of the Oracle hastens to gratify his Custo- mers with the following heart-cheering News : Office of the New York Gazette, Saturday Evening 11th Feb. 9 o'clock. It has pleased the Almighty to restore to us the blessings of PEACE. Participating in the deep and general Joy on this great and interesting occasion, we can only state the fact, that We have" just seen HENEY CAEROLL, Esq. Secretary to the American Legation. He informs us, that he has arrived in the British Sloop of War Fa- vorite, with the TREATY OF PEACE, signed by the American and British Commissioners, on the 24th of December; and that he is to depart for Washing- ton in the morning. The vessel is below and will be up to-morrow. ■ The foregoing highly important and heart-cheering news, was received yesterday by Eobert Adams, Esq. of this city, by an express from New- York. — Mr. Adams politely favored us with a copy which was immediately issued from this ofiioe in a "Free- man's Journal Extraordinary." We congratulate our readers on this most auspicious event, and fervently pray that Divine Providence may continue to our country, for ages to come, the inestimable blessing of PEACE with all na- tions of the earth. On the 17th of February the treaty was approved by the Senate of the United States. ASSOCIATION OP THE SOLDIERS OP THE WAR OP 1812. Death and removal rapidly decimating the ranks of the " Old Defenders," the surviving members met on the 4th of July, 1856, and agreed to form them- selves into an association. The following Constitu- tion was prepared and signed, and as death removed one of their number the date of the decease was added thereto. In connection with the record of those who served in the war of 1812 in the minute- book kept by the secretary, David Harris, Esq., are certain facts which are worth preserving : 128 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. CONSTITUTION. "For the purpose of preserving old recollections, and of clierishing those kindly feelings of fellowship which should always exist among those who in times past were handed together in defense of their com- mon country, We, Soldiers op the Wab op 1812, residing in Dau- phin County and vicinity, whose names are hereunto subscribed, do agree to form ourselves into an Association, and to be governed by the following Constitution. " 1. The Association shall be known by the name of ' The Association of Soldiers of the War of 1812, residing in Dauphin County and its vi- cinity.' "2. The officers of the Association shall consist of a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a Marshal. " 3. It shall be the duty of the President, or in his absence of either of the Vice-Presidents, to preside at all meetings of the Association, and to call all extra meetings at such times and places as he, or either of them in his absence, shall designate. "4. The Treasurer shall talce charge of and account for all funds which may be raised by the voluntary contributions of the members. "5. The Secretary shall keep a fair record of all proceedings of the Association, and insert in his minutes the names of all the members who participate in the annual celebration of the Fourth of July, as well as the names of those who may die during their membership, so far as he can ascertain the same. ■ " 6. The Marshal shall form and command the Association at all pub- lic parades. " 7. There shall be an annual parade of the Association on the Fourth of July, on which occasion the members will march from the parade- f^round to the place previously designated for celebrating the day by a dinner or otherwise, tlie expense of which shall be borne by the mem- bers participating therein in equal proportions. " 8. Any soldier of the war of 1812 who does not subscribe to this Con- stitution before the first meeting of the Association maybe permitted to become a member upon application to the president and secretary. " 9. It shall be competent for the Association to adopt at any time such rules and regulations for its proceedings as a majority of the mem. bers present may deem expedient. " 10. All political or religious sectarian questions or conversations are strictly prohibited at all meetings of the Association. " July i, 1856. George J. Heisely, d. 1880. Jacob Kuhn, d. March 19, 1866. James R. Boyd, d. Dec. 29, 1866. David Harris, d. March 14, 1880. John Heisely, d. Sept. 18, 1869. George McKnight, d. July 2, 1872. John Shannon, d. Oct. 8, 1869. John Maglauchlin, ij. March 22, 1872. Henry Antes, d. Jan. 8, 1860. Andrew Krause, d. April 24, 1868. George Boyer, d. June 24, 1867. Samuel Himmelrich, d. Aug. 8, 1863. , Thomas C. Beed, d. May 15, 1865. Jacob Fisler, d. Jan. 13, 1870. Thomas L. Wilson, d. Feb. 28, 1861. WilUam Bostick, d. April 2, 1876. George Taylor, d. Oct^ 20, 1860. Charles Durang, d. Feb. 14, 1870. Philip Stimmel, d. July 17, 1872. Samuel Holman, d. Sept. 28, 1863. John B. Thompson, d. Oct. 23, 1861. Joseph Wallace, d. Feb. 22, 1867. Jeremiah Bees, d. July 4, 1861. David J. Krause, d. Nov. 29, 1877. . George Hiney, d. July 25, 1869. George Wyant, i. Sept, 28, 1873. William Allison, d. April 26, 1860. Charles Carson, d. April 16, 1871. John Eussel, d. May 26, 1861. M. B. Cowden, d. Jan. 15, 1862. Isaac Updegrove, d. May 6, 1857. Ellis Updegrove, d. Oct. 9, 1857. John Ehoads, d. Deo. 7, 1856. Joseph Thornton, d. Feb. 13, 1863. Jacob Dubbs, d. Feb. 16, 1858. John M. Forster, d. Sept. 23, 1868. John Kennedy, d. Feb. 26, 1873. Henry Peffer, d. Feb. 9, 1867. William Eiland (Pottsvillo, Schuylkill Co., Pa.). John Forster, d. May 28, 1863. William Johnson, d. Feb. 22, 1880. John Roberts, d. Feb. 1, 1873. John ^tahl, d. June 5, 1872. Samuel Shoch. Michael Mahan. George Frez. Michael Rupley (Millfarook, Wayne Co., Ohio). John Hagan, d. April 29, 1860. James Corbett, d. May 8, 1863. Allen Sturgeon, d. Aug. 1, 1865. William E. DeWitt, d. Deo. 23, 1867. Henry Isett, d. Oct. 21, 1860. James Gallagher, d. Nov. 26, 1860. George Prince, d. Jan. 26, 1874. Jonah Ogleaby. Henry Sleeger (York, Pa.). Daniel Tyson (York, Pa.). Daniel Shell, d. Feb. 6, 1864. Jesse Hoi'ton, of New Jersey militia. John Noblit (Halifax township). Michael Lantz (Jackson township). Jacob Knepley. Lawrence Alberty. William P. Brady, d. April 4, 1864. Charies Hinckley, d. Dec. 11, 1867. Philip . Casper Lundreen (Capt. Todd's company). Darius Ayres, d. March 5, 1864. Thomas Lloyd (Columbia, Pa.). George Hammon, d. June 16, 1861. Joseph McDonnan. Jacob Bender, d. Feb. 5, 1869. Eichard Updegrove, d. Jan. 6, 1878." The first chairman was Dr. John Heisely, and the secretaiy David Harris. From its organization until the last meeting of the association the following memoranda must suffice; July 4, 1857.— There were present twenty-nine members. Joseph Wallace was chosen president, David Harris secretary, with other oflB- oers. The day was celebrated on Forster's Island, the Declaration of Independence read by John C. Kunkol, and an oration delivered by Samuel A. Holman, and after dinner, prepared by Curry Taylor, the usual patriotic toasts were offered. The music — the drum and fife — was furnished by Samuel Holman, Sr., Jacob Dubbs, and David J. Krause. February 22, 1868.— The drum belonging to Jacob Dubbs was presented to the association. At this meeting the following address to the Con- gress of the United States and resolutions were reported by the commit- tee, consisting of Thomas L. Wilson, John Maglaughlin, John Heisely, Charles Carson, and Jacob Fisler, and unanimously adopted: " The soldiers of the war of 1812, here assembled, respectfully request the Congress of the United States to pass the bill now before it, with the amendment hereafter suggested, for the relief of those who periled their lives in the defense of their country during the second contest for its national independence. In making this request, they are not seek- ing for the introduction of any new system of pensions Into the practice of the government. That system was very justly, although tardily, in- corporated into the various acts rewarding those venerated men whose sacrifices and services in the field brought the war of the Eevolution to a triumphant conclusion. The value of the self-sacrificing services of these defenders, who have passed from the stage of action, is attested by the unexampled progress and prosperity of our common country; and there can be no man now living so insensible to every patriotic feeling of national gratitude as to desire that one line of the record bestowing some evidence of that gratitude should be blotted out. We, in common with the remnant of the band of defenders of the war of 1812, stand now in the same position before the assembled representatives of a free people, whose civil and religious rights we aided in preserving, as our fathers of the Eevolution did in past years. "Nearly forty-six yeai-s have elapsed since the nation called upon her sons to enroll themselves in her defense against the arrogant preten- sions and unjustifiable encroachments upon her public honor made by a foreign power. In the prime of life, and at a period of manhood when a natural prudence dictates a strict attention to those pursuits to which GENERAL HISTORY. 129 all men look as the menns of susteoance and comfort in their declining years, the soldiers of 1812, abandoning all such selfish considerations, and animated solely by that spirit of patriotism which it is to be hoped may never be extinguished in the bosom of a single citizen of the Re- public, promptly and on all occasions obeyed the call thus made upon them. No mercenary motive was mingled with this cheerful perform- ance of a duty which, it is freely admitted, is imposed upon every citizen of a free government when the existence of that government is threat- ened by foreign aggression or internal violence. A very large proportion of the men who rendered service in the war of 1812 have crossed that narrow sti-eam which divides Time from Eternity. Their surviving comrades, comparatively few in number, are now naturally standing on the briuk of that stream. A number of them have already passed the threescore years and ten allotted to man's pilgrimage upon earth ; and the time that has elapsed since their services were performed proves that their junior comrades have nearly reached that point of mortal existence. " It is respectfully submitted to Congress whether these sacrifices and these services, rendered in a period of extreme danger to the perpetuity of our national institutions, are not deserving of some substantial evi- dence of the gratitude of the connti-y? It was justly extended to the soldiers of the Revolution: why withhold it from those who formed the bulwark of that country's defense in the second war for independence? One nobly secured the liberties ol the people, the other preserved them from foreign violation. "Whilst the government has made large donations from the public treasury for improving the condition of the rising generation, and has now large projects before it for the same purpose, in the shape of grants of public lands, the objection cannot now be raised that the state of the public funds justifies that government in withholding an act of justice from those who, in years gone by, made serious sacrifices in its defense. Any attempt at argument on this point would be an impeachment of the intelligence of the national legislature. "Such being the views entertained by the meeting, be it, therefore, " Resolved, That Congress are respectfully urged to pass such a bill for the relief of the soldiers of 1812 as will render equal justice to all who served in that war.' " Beaolved, That in the bill before Congress, if it should become a law, many of our old companions in arms will receive but half pay. "Resolved, That we regard that portion of the bill as unjust and un- equal. A large number of our associates left their homes and marched to the points of attack or defense for an indefinite period, subject to such time as the government might require their services, but being discharged prior to the expiration of six months, the bill places them upon half pay, "Eeso/ued, That we trust that the pending bill will pass with such an amendment as to make no distinction in the time of service, but that all who marched to the defense of their country in that war will he allowed full pay- " Eesolved, That the advanced age of these soldiers renders it im- perative that any measure for their relief should bo passed without delay. '■'Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting are tendered to those members of the past and present Congress who have exerted them- selves to render justice to us and to our comrades in arms. " Resolved, That a copy of these proceedings be forwarded to the Sen- ators and Representatives in Congress from this Commonwealth, with the request that they will lay them before their respective bodies. " Joseph Wallace, President. "David Harris, Secretary.'' July 5, 1858.— The annual celebmtion was held on Jorster's Island, at which there were present twenty-six soldiers of the war of 1812. John Maglaughlin was chosen president, William Allison and George J. Heisely vice-presidents, and other officers. The following resolution was unanimously adopted : "Resolved, That the Association be perpetuated by the members pres- ent nominating who shall succeed them, and who, upon signing the constitution, shall become members." Agreeable therewith the following nominations were made: Charles Carson nominated John Carson. James K. Boyd " John R. Boyd. WiUiam Allison '* John Allison. Andrew Krause " John A. Krause. Samuel Shoch " John G. Ingram. William Bostick " William H. Bostick. 9 David Harris nomi Samuel Holman Samuel Himmelright George McKnight Geqrge J. Heisely Jonah Oglesby Jeremiah Rees David J. Krause John Maglaughlin George Wyant Dr. John Heisely L Philip S. Harris. William S. Holman. John Himmelright. William Snyder. Charles C. Bombaugh. George A. Oglesby. Cyrus J. Rees. John D. Black. John J. Maglaughlin. Samuel Wyant. Frederick Trace. The oration was delivered by John H. Berryhill, who also presented the drum belonging to their late member, Jacob Dubbs. July 4, 1859. — The association, twenty-seven in number, went to Me- chanicsburg as the invited guests of the "National Blues," of that place. They were met at the depot by the Blues, a military company from Churchtown, the Washington Engine Company, and a committee of cit- izens, escorted to their quarters, and subsequently to Coover's Grove, where the day was properly celebrated. William S. Holman, of Harris- burg, read the Declaration of Independence, and addresses were deliv- ered by R. M. HendeiBon and Thomas M. Biddle, of Carlisle. The association returned to Harrisburg at six p.m., having in the mean time elected George J. Heisely president. February 22, 1860.^A convention of "old soldiers" was held at Harris- burg. The committee of reception were Messrs. Maglaughlin, Bostick, J. R. Boyd, Prince, Carson, Wilson, and Shannon. July 4, 1860. — The association celebrated the day on Independence Island, at which there were present twenty-four " old soldiers." George Prince was elected president. R. A. Lamberton delivered the annual address. February 22, 1861. — The association having accepted the invitation of the committee of the Senate and House of Representatives of the com- monwealth of Pennsylvania to be present at the raising of the national flag on the dome of the capitol, the following "old soldiers" partici- pated : From Ba/rrisburg and Vicinity.— George Prince, George J. Heisely, Jacob Kuhn, Samuel Himmelright, George Wyant, Jacob Bender, Jacob Fisler, John Heisely, George Hiney, Joseph Thornton, John Johnson, John Stahl, Darius Ayres, David J. Krause, George McKnight, Samuel Holman, Michael Lentz, John Shannon, William Bostick, Capt. Wigdon, Allen Sturgeon, Jonah Oglesby, James Corbett, Charles DeHass, Andrew Krause, Philip Stimmel, David Harris, George Hammon, Charles Carson, James R. Boyd, Richard Updegrove, ■ Hopkins. Isaac Rut- ter, Daniel Sbell,_Rev. William R. DeWitt, William Enterline, — 36. From Pittsburgh. — William Graham, N. Patterson, F. F. Pratt, James Chambers, John Park, W. H. Hart, E. Sanders, Charles Doyle, Hazen Ray, Jacob Fedder, Aug. F. Heisely, George McCombs, Thomas McFad- den, William Stewart, Col. William Delhi,— 15. From Cumberland County. — William Armstrong, Michael Longsdorf, —2. From other Counties.— George Sweeted, Centre ; J. Criswell, Mifflin ; Gen. E. Middlecofi", Franklin; David Reese, York; Capt. William P. Brady, Clinton, — 5. From New Jersey. — Jesse Horton. Total, 59. July 4, 1861. — A procession of citizens and "old soldiers" was formed, marched to the capitol, where the Declaration was read by James Mc- Cormick, Jr., and an oration delivered by Rev. Charles A. Hay. Dinner was prepared at Brant's Hall. James B. Boyd was chosen president, Rev. William R. DeWitt, D.D., chaplain, and David Harris secretary. The deaths of Messrs. Rees, Wilson, Isett, Taylor, Gallagher, Kussel, and Hammon were announced. July 4, 1862. — The day was celebrated on Independence Island, twenty being present. Charles Carson was chosen president. The following resolutions were unanimously adopted: " Resolved, That we, a few of the remaining soldiers of the war of 1812, most cordially approve of the course pursued by his Excellency Andrew G. Curtin, Governor of Pennsylvania, in reference to the present war for the suppression of the wicked rebellion now raging against the gov- ernment, and especially of his increasing care for the sick and wounded of the soldiers from Pennsylvania. " Resolved, That a committee of the association be appointed to pre- pare a memorial to the President of the United States that he may rec- ommend to Congress the passage of a law granting pensions to the few surviving soldiers and the widows of soldiers of the war of 1812. "Resolved, That some person be appointed to solicit the signatures of 130 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. the soldiers of the war of 1812 in Dauphin and adjoining counties to offer their services to the President of the United States to defend any particular' point, believing that they could fight and not run away, and that they still believe ihey are able to defend their country in her time of need." May 16, 1863. — Twenty members of the association attended the recep- tion of the One Hundred and Twenty-seveuth Begiment Pennsylvania "Volunteers. June 25, 1863.— In consequence of the rebel raid into our State the association resolved to form themselves into a military company for the protection of the' city, and offer their services to the Governor. The fol- lowing officers were elected : Captain. — Charles Carson. First Lieutenant. — Andrew Krause. Second Lieutenant. — George Prince. First Sergeant. — David Harris. July 4, 1863.— The association met after parade and elected Samuel Holman president, with the other oflBcers. July 25, 1863. — The " Old Home Guards" met at the court-house this morning. The company was formed and marched to the capitol, where, after a complimentary address by Governor Curtin, was mustered out of service, and delivered their arms and accoutrements to the State au- thorities. January 19, 1864. — By invitation the association participated in the ceremonies attending the inauguration of Governor Curtin, thirteen members being present. Jwne 6, 1864, — By invitation the association joined in the reception of the Pennsylvania Reserves. July 4, 1864. — The day was celebrated by a dinner on Independence Island, fifteen members present. The Declaration was read by John B. Cay. Dr. John HeiseJy was chosen president, and thedeaths during the year announced of Messrs. Himmelright, Holman, Shell, Ayres, and Brady. July 4, 1865.— The association met, seven members only present, and after the election of James K. Boyd, president, with the other officei's, , adjourned. This was the last general meeting, save to attend the funeral of their comrades, who one by one passed from off the stage of life. CHAPTER XXI. The Buckshot War— The CaueeB which Led to It — The Proclamation of the Governor — The Call to Arms — Proceedings in the Legislature. At the October election, 1838, David R. Porter, of Huntingdon County, the Democratic candidate, was chosen Governor of the State, after a hotly-contested political canvass, over Governor 'Joseph Ritner, the candidate of the Whigs and Anti-Masons, the major- ity for Porter being five thousand five hundred and four votes. Immediately upon the result of the elec- tion being made known, on the 15th of, October, Thomas H. Burrows, Secretary of the Commonwealth and chairman of the Anti-Masonic State Committee, issued a private circular " To the friends of Governor Ritner," calling upon them to demand an investiga- tion of the alleged frauds committed at the polls, and advising them to " treat the election held on the 9th of October as if it had never taken place." This cir- cular had the desired effect, and the defeated Anti- Masonic and Whig candidates for the Legislature in different parts of the State contested the seats of their successful Democratic competitors upon the slightest pretext. " The electioh took place on the 9th of October, the Legislature met on the 4th of December, and the new Governor was not to be inaugurated until the 15tli of January following, it being the first inauguration under the then new Constitution. As trouble was anticipated upon the assembling of the Legislature, a large number of excited people, especially from the districts in which contests were pending, flocked to Harrisburg to witness the result of the struggle. The House of Representatives then consisted of one hun- dred members. Of these, eight were from Philadel- phia, whose seats were contested ; and of the remain- ing members, forty-eight were Democrats and forty- four Whigs and Anti-Masons. The majority of the Senate belonged to the latter party, and consequently promptly organized by the election of Charles B. JPenrose as Speaker. The House met with all the contesting delegates present. The clerk read the names of those members which had been handed to him by the Secretary of the Commonwealth. Upon reaching the returns of Philadelphia County it was discovered that the legal returns had been with- held, and fraudulent ones, signed by only six of the seventeen return judges, substituted. This had been anticipated and provided against by the Democrats, who produced and had read the true returns, duly cer- tified by the prothonotary of Philadelphia. The read- ing of these returns and the seating of the two sets of contesting delegates' from Philadelphia County caused the greatest excitement in the House, during which Thaddeus Stevens, then a member of the Legis- lature from Adama County, moved that that body pro- ceed to the election of aSpeaker. The clerk then called the roll of Whig and Anti-Masonic members, and de- clared Thomas S. Cunningham, of Beaver County, elected Speaker. He was conducted to the Speaker's chair and took his seat. The Democrats paid very little attention to the movements of the opposition and elected William Hopkins, of Washington County, as Speaker. Two members escorted Mr. Hopkins to the Speaker's platform, where Cunningham had been already seated. It is said Col. Thomas B. McElwee, of Bedford County, one of Hopkins' escorts, ordered Cunningham, in a peremptory manner, to surrender the Speaker's chair to Hopkins, and he obeyed, taking another that stood near by on the platform. The Pennsylvania House of Representatives thus enjoyed a double-headed organization. The members of the House of each party were then sworn in by their re- spective officers. After qualifying all their members and electing officers, and appointing a committee to wait upon the Governor, and one to wait upon the Senate to inform them that the House was ready to proceed to business, both parties adjourned their re- spective bodies to meet the next day at ten o'clock. But the Cunningham party did not wait until the time appointed. In the afternoon they met again in the hall, and after their Speaker had called them to order, he requested Mr. Spackman, of Philadelphia to act as Speaker pro tem. Some Philadelphians being GENERAL HISTORY. 131 in the lobby of the hall as spectators, and feeling very indignant at the proceedings of the Cunningham body, then went up to the platform and carried pro tern. Speaker Spackman off and set him down in the aisle. This interference from outsiders the Cunningham House had not the power to resent, and it imme- diately adjourned in confusion. It afterwards met in Matthew Wilson's hotel, now known as the Lochiel House. During these exciting scenes inside the State-House large crowds of people gathered outside the capitol who were more or less boisterous. Determined and desperate men were there on both sides, threats were made, defiance hurled back and forth, and to the timid the aspect of affairs appeared alarming. On the night of the first day of the session a large public meeting was held in the court-house, over which Thomas Craig Miller, of Adams County, presided, with a number of vice-presidents. The meeting was addressed by Col. J. J. McOahan, E. A. Penniman, of Philadelphia, and George W. Barton, of Lancaster. A committee on resolutions was appointed, who re- ported the following, which were adopted : " Resolved^ That we recommend to the citizeus generally to pursue a prudent and a calm coui-ae, awaiting the events of the day with that firmness which freemen in a free country have resolved upon. " Besolved, That neither tliose in power, who endeavor to perpetuate their reign through unlawful and fraudulent returns, or citizen-soldiers, who have the same feelings and interest with us, will intimidate people resolved upon having their rights." A committee was also appointed by the meeting to wait on Thomas H. Burrowes, Secretary of the Com- monwealth, and request of him forthwith to furnish the clerks of the Senate and House of Representa- tives the full legal returns of the election. A Com- mittee of Safety, consisting of fifteen persons, was also appointed. About the time of the a,ssembling of the meeting, Governor Eitner, acting under the advice of his political advisers, Messrs. Stevens, Burrowes, and Penrose, issued the following procla- mation : " In the name and by the authority of the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania, by Joseph Eitner, Governor of the said Commonwealth : "A PKOCLAMATION. "Whereas, A lawless, infuriated, armed mob from the counties of Philadelphia, Lancaster, Adams, and other places have assembled at the seat of government, with the avowed object of disturbing, interrupting, and overawing the Legislature of this Commonwealth, and of prevent- ing its proper organization, and the peaceable and free discharge of its duties ; "And w7iereas, The said mob have already, on this day, entered the Senate Chamher, and in an outrageous and violent manner, by clamor- ing, shouting, and threatening violence and death to some of the mem- bers of that body and other oflicers of the government, and, finally, by rushing within the bar of the Senate Chamber, in defiance of every effort to restrain them, compelled the Senate to suspend business ; "And wiereos.They still remain here in force, encouraged by a person who is an ofBcer of the General Government from Philadelphia, and are setting the law at open defiance, and rendering it unsafe for the Legislative bodies to assemble in the Capitol ; " Thekfjoke, This is to call upon the civil authority to exert them- selves to restore order to the utmost of their power, and upon the militia force of the Commonwealth to hold themselves in instant readiness to repair to the seat of government, and upon all good citizens to aid in curbing this lawless mob, and in reinstating the supremacy of the law. " Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the State, at Harrisburg, this fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord one [l. s.] thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight, and of the Com- monwealth the sixty-third. " By the Governor: " Thomas H. Burrowes, " Secretary of the Commonwealth" The State arsenal was taken possession of by a force in the interest of Governor Eitner, and large quantities of powder, cartridges, and other ammuni- tion taken there. Eitner's proclamation and call for troops and the seizure of the arsenal, filled the citi- zens of Harrisburg and the people who had assem- bled here with intense alarm. There had been no actual outbreak, but the situation now began to assume a grave aspect, and large numbers of people flocked into the city", attracted by curiosity, to par- ticipate in the impending struggle. As an offset to the Governor's proclamation, the sheriff of Dauphin County deemed it his duty to issue a counter procla- mation, in which he stated that at no time had there been any riotous proceedings upon the part of the people, nor any disturbance which rendered neces- sary his interposition as a civil officer to preserve the peace. The excitement among the people continued to grow, and a large crowd ftocked to the arsenal, deter- mined to prevent the arms and ammunition there stored from being seized by the Governor and his party for the purpose of subduing them. These ex- cited people would probably have captured the arse- nal if Maj. George Ford, of Lancaster, and Joseph Henderson, a committee appointed by the State au- thorities, had not appeared at this juncture before the Committee of Safety and made the following pledge for themselves and for those who sent them : " That, as men of honor, no ordnance, arms, muskets, or ammunition should, by any order of the Governor, or any other authority whatever, be taken from the arsenal for the purpose of arming any forces that, might collect in obedience to the proclamation of the Governor; and that if any use of them should so be made, they would hold themselves personally responsible for the consequences." This pledge was satisfactory to the Committee of Safety, who believed that the only object of the people in making a demonstration upon the arsenal was, not to employ the public arms themselves, but, if possi- ble, to prevent their adversaries from making use of them. At this time a large multitude had collected around the arsenal, having been attracted thither by the in- telligence that a quantity of ammunition had been taken there, and that their adversaries had stationed in the building a body of armed men as a rendezvous to subdue the people. The excitement had become tremendous, and for the purpose of acting in good faith on the part of the committee, on motion of L. Kidder, it was " Besolced, That a committee of three be appointed to go and address the people, make known the pledge of Messrs. Ford and Henderson, and urge them quietly to disperse." 132 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Whereupon L. Kidder, Gen. Adam Diller, and Lewis S. Coryell were appointed the said committee, who immediately retired to discharge their duties. Afterward the above-mentioned committee, by L. Kidder, reported that they had successfully discharged the duties assigned to them, and that they had sev- erally addressed the people, who manifested every disposition to preserve the peace and to act on the defensive, and that the multitude had already quietly dispersed. The report was adopted. On the 5th of December the Governor made a special requisition on Maj.-Gen. Eobert Patterson, commanding the First Division Pennsylvania Militia, for a force of troops sufiBcient to quell the "insur- rection," and march them immediately to the seat of government. Upon receiving orders, and before leaving Philadelphia, Gen. Patterson obtained from the United States Arsenal at S'rankford a. supply of ammunition, of which the following is an official in- ventory : " Twelve thousand four hundred and eighty musket-ball and buck- shot cartridges, 600 pistol cartridges, 400 priming tubes, 68 6-pounder strapped shot, fixed; 132 6-pounder cannon-balls, 200 mu8ket-ilinta,100 pistol-flints, 20 pounds slow-match. " George D. Ramsey, " Cap(. of Ord. " Frankford Arsenal, Dec. Y, 1838." The regulation ammunition for the infantry then was buckshot cartridges, which consisted of twelve buckshot, each as good as a bullet. The headquarters of the Whig party during these troubles was the Shakespeare Hotel, on Locust Street, where Shake- speare Hall now stands. A report was circulated upon the streets that a number of men at this hotel were engaged in making buckshot cartridges to be used on the " mob." A watch was set to prevent these cart-' ridges from being taken to the arsenal, and this watch intercepted a negro who had been employed to deliver them. He was compelled to surrender the cartridges, which were distributed among those present, and some are yet preserved as mementoes of the "Buckshpt war." From these incidents the name "Buckshot war" is derived. About one hundred of the troops arrived on Satur- day night (December 8th) following, and obtained quarters in the court-house ; and at four o'clock p.m. the next day the main body, numbering about eight hundred, under the command of Maj.-Gen. Patterson and staff, arrived below town, and halted until com- munication could be had with the State authorities, which was efiected in about an hour, when the troops entered the town, and, after marching through several of the streets, proceeded to the public ground in front of the State Arsenal, where they were divided off into detachments, who severally obtained quarters in the arsenal, the Exchange, where the United States post- office is now erected, the court-house, the Lancas- terian school-house on Walnut Street, and the Pres- byterian Church, on Second below Chestnut Streets. The Governor did not stop with the ordering of Gen. Patterson's command to the seat of government, but on the 5th of December addressed a letter to Capt. E. V. Sumner, U.S.A., then in command of Carlisle Barracks, with a small body of United States dragoons, requesting him to march his troops to Har- risburg for the protection of the State authorities. To this appeal, and one made to him by Charles B. Penrose, Capt. Sumner replied that he did not deem it proper to interfere in the troubles then existing at Harrisburg, which appeared to him to proceed from political differences alone. On Friday, December 7th, Governor Eitner wrote to President Van Buren, laying before him a full account of the affair, and re- quested the President to take such measures as would protect the State against violence. In this commu- nication the Governor stated that he had the day before made a formal application to Capt. E. V. Sumner for aid, inclosing a copy of his formal re- quest, together with a copy of Sumner's reply. He also inclosed a copy of the proclamation he had is- sued, and a published statement of the facts connected with the riot in the Senate Chamber, signed by a majority of the Senators, and sworn to by the Speaker and other members of the Senate. He also deemed it proper to state to the President that the most active leaderfe of the " mob" were J. J. McCahan, of the Philadelphia post-office; Charles F. Muench, a dep- uty marshal of the Middle District of Pennsylvania ; and E. A. Penniman, said to be an officer of the cus- tom-house of Philadelphia. The President replied to this communication through Joel K. Poinsett, Secretary of War, declining to interpose until it ap- peared, certain that convening the Legislature was impracticable. The Governor's party, finding that Gen. Patterson refused to install them in power, and would obey only such orders as he regarded proper after the orders had been given him by the Governor, made a requisition on Samuel Alexander, major-general of the Eleventh Division of the State militia, a citizen of Carlisle, and an ultra Whig in politics. There were at this time three volunteer companies at Carlisle, mustering in all about ninety men, but only sixty-seven par- ticipated in the Buckshot war. The Carlisle infantry was officered as follows : William S. Ramsey/captain ; Robert McCartney, first lieutenant ; George L. Mur- ray, second lieutenant; and Alexander S. Lyne, orderly sergeant. Carlisle Light Artillery: Capt., E. M. Biddle; First Lieut., William Porter; Second Lieut., Robert A. Noble. Washington Artillery, formerly the Marion Riflemen: Capt., William Crop; First Lieut., Alfred Creigh ; Orderly Sergt., Thomas B. Thompson. The battalion was in com- mand of Col. Willis Foulk, an ardent Democrat, who was ignored by Gen. Alexander. The troops received orders on December 15th to march to Harrisburg, and on the following morning embarked for the seat of war. On reaching the western side of the river they disembarked and marched across the wagon-bridge GENERAL HISTOEY. 133 breaking step to keep from jarring tiie structure. Gen. Patterson and his command had already taken their departure for Philadelphia when the troops from Carlisle reached Harrisburg. They marched into' the city market, and thence to the arsenal, where they were quartered for a week. There was no actual ne- cessity for any troops at any time during the continu- ance of the dead-lock of the Legislature, for no dis- turbances occurred or were threatened that the civil authorities could not have quelled. The appearance of armed troops, however, upon the streets, and close to the halls of legislation, only added to the excite- ment. It was estimated that there were in the bor- ough at this time " between thirty and fifty thousand strangers." When the Carlisle troops arrived the contest was approaching its end, and the soldiers re- garded their trip as a frolic, and enjoyed themselves. On the 17th of December, Messrs. Butler and Stur- devant, of Luzerne County, and Montelius, of Union, three legally Whig members, abandoned their associ- ates and were sworn in as members of the Hopkins House, which gave it a legal quorum over and above the eight Democratic members from Philadelphia, whose right to seats the " Eump House," as it was contemptuously called, disputed. Finally, on Tues- day evening, December 25th, a majority of the Sen- ate, finding that it was impossible to accomplish the designs of the revolutionists, by a vote of seventeen to sixteen, agreed that a committee should be ap- pointed to inform the Hopkins House that the Sen- ate was organized and ready to co-operate with it, which ended the difficulty. In the Senate the troubles were of a more compli- cated character. There were contests for seats in this body from several senatorial districts. Upon the floor were members of the House, among theni Thad- deus Stevens, of^ Adams, the leader of the " Stevens Eump House," and the Secretary of the Common- wealth, Thomas H. Burrowes, of Lancaster, who had gone there with the minority returns. In the lobbies at the rear of the Senate chamber was a dense crowd of spectators, composed of excited and enraged citi- zens, some of whom were there out of curiosity and others with the determination of preventing the seat- ing of Hanna and Wagner, the illegally-returned senators from Philadelphia, either by the form pre- scribed by law or by intimidation. The spectators were noisy and demonstrative, and the sight of Ste- vens, Penrose, of Cumberland County, and Burrowes exerting themselves to exclude senators legally enti- tled to their seats aroused the lookers-on to such an extent that threats of personal violence were indulged in. At last Speaker Penrose, unable to stem the cur- rent any longer, abandoned his post, and with Ste- vens and Burrowes escaped from a window in the rear of the Senate chamber, and under shelter of the night from the State-House inclosure. A paper pub- lished at Harrisburg at this time states that "Mr. Penrose, the Federal Speaker of the Senate, in effect- ing his retreat from the Senate chamber on the first day of the session, jumped out of a window twelve feet high, through three thorn-bushes, and over a seven-foot picket-fence." In the midst of the excitement and turbulence it was impossible for the Senate to proceed with busi- ness, and after the Speaker abandoned his post, that body adjourned to meet the next day. When the hour arrived no quorum was present, — the Whig members being absent by agreement, — and of course the Senate was adjourned until the following day, and so on day after day until December 17th, when, as before stated, Messrs. Butler, Sturdevant, and Mon- telius left the Cunningham or Ritner branch of the House, and were sworn in as members of the Demo- cratic House under Speaker Hopkins. This gave to the latter body a quorum of fifty-one members whose seats were not disputed, so that no legal obstacle could longer prevent the Senate from recognizing it as the legitimate House. Accordingly, on the 27th of December, in the Senate, Mr. Michler, of Northamp- ton, submitted the following preamble and resolution, which, after various fruitless attempts to amend, were adopted by a vote of seventeen yeas and sixteen nays : " Whereas, DifficultieB have arisen in tlio organization of the House of Kepresentativea, and two bodies have for some time been in existence, each claiming to be the regularly constituted House of Kepresentatives of Pennsylvania, but neither having had a constitutional quorum of members whose seats were regularly returned, and neither has yet been fully recognized by the Senate ; "And whereas, The House organized by the election of Mr. Hopkins as Speaker is now composed of a constitutional quorum of regularly returned members and being thus brought within the pale of the Con- stitution, the Senate ought no longer to refuse to recognize the said House as the proper constituted House of Representatives of Pennsyl- vania ; therefore, " Resolved, That a committee be appointed to inform said House that the Senate is now organized and ready to proceed to business." The committee so appointed immediately waited upon the House, and a joint committee was appointed by both branches to inform the Governor that the Legislature was organized. At the meeting of the House on the morning of the 27th, Mr. Cunningham, with some twenty of the mem- bers of his division, were present and duly qualified. Mr. Hopkins, the Speaker, then resigned, but was ' immediately re-elected. Gen. Patterson's command evacuated the borough on Sunday, the 16th of De- cember, and the battalion from Cumberland County on the 23d following, and thus ended the "Buckshot war," one of the most exciting political events in the history of Pennsylvania.' tin the course of an interview published in the Philadelphia- iVees, Gen. Patterson gave his recollections of the " Buckshot war" in the fol- lowing language; " At the time of the Buckshot war I was in command of the troops that marched from the city to restore order and quell the riot. The dif- ficulty arose from a few of the leaders of the party then in power trying to treat the election as a nullity and to retain possession of the govern- ment for 'three years longer. Governor Kitner, a perfectly honest and well-meaning man, was persuaded to co-operate in the matter. The 134 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY, CHAPTER XXII. The War with Mexico — Organization of the Cameron Guards— Their Services In Mexico — Who raised the first American Flag in the Cita- del of the City of Mexico — Roll of the Cameron Guarda. It is not necessary in this connection to state the causes which led to the war between Mexico and the United States. Suffice it to narrate that during the friends of David R. Porter, who had received a decided majority of the votes, the Democratic candidate, were determined not to submit, and assembled in Harrisburg in immense numbers. They were led and commanded by about twenty-five officers of the old regular army of the war of 1812. The mob, if I may use the word, surrounded the capitol and entered the Senate Chamber and took possession, the Speaker and some of the senators jumping out of a back window to save themselves from the fury of the rioters. Whereupon an order was sent to me by the Governor of the State to proceed with my division of fifteen hun- dred men to Harrisburg. I, of course, wished to go prepared for emer- gencies, and obtained from the United States arsenal at Frankford a fuU supply of ammunition, for the infantry mainly buckshot cartridges, which consisted of a cartridge with twelve buckshot, each as good as a bullet. I did this certainly not from any desire to kill many of those then in possession of the Senate Chamber, many of whom were personal friends and old associates in the army. Instead, I was prompted by a desire to save my own people, in the event of a conflict at close quarters, by rapidly laying over a few and dispersing the remainder. I had good reason for this, as my command consisted in the main of the flower of Philadelphia, the best young men in it in fact. The exceeding good conduct of the officers and men of that command prevented a conflict between the troops and the mob. If blood had been shed the whole State would have been involved in a civil war. On my arrival at Har- risburg I, with my staff, Reported to the Governor at his residence. Such was the panic at that time in Harrisburg that the Governor deemed it expedient to have his door locked and barred, aud we could not get in until, after repeated linockiugs, a second-story front window was opened, raised, and the Governor in person leaned out and asked who was there and what was wanted. I looked up, gave him my name, told him I was there with iny division in obedience to his orders, and had taken pos- session of the arsenal and put my command in a good, position. He at once came down, opened the door, and asked us in. After we were seated, I asked for his instructions, and desired to know what he wanted me to do. He said he wished to have his cabinet about him and sent for them. Four or five" responded, and he and they asked a variety of questions, among others, if I would obey the order of the Speaker of the Senate. I replied I would not, for that would be sustaining a party who, in iny judgment, bad acted very improperly and who ought not to be sustained, I said that I had not come for any political purpose, and would not sus- tain any party in the wrong; that my command was composed of both parties, nearly as many of the one as the other, who would obey any command I gave, because they knew me well enough to know I would not give an improper one. I was also asked if I would obey an order from the Speaker of the House. I said I would not, for two reasons: First, tliey had organized themselves into two Houses, a Democratic House and a Whig House, and that I then did not know which was the right one. But if there was a regular Speaker I would not obey him, as he had no right to give me orders, I was there in obedience to the commands of the Governor, and would obey no one else, but that I would protpct the capitol and the public property and preserve order. " I was then asked, and pressed for an answer by some of the council or cabinet, if I would obey the orders of the Governor. I replied that I would obey all orders that the Governor had a right to give. One of the questions following was, 'What would you consider a proper order?' I replied, 'I will consider that when the order is given. If ordered to clear the capitol and install in the chair either or both of the Speakers, I would not do it. That must be settled by the senators and representa- tives themselves. If ordered to fire upon those they chose to call rebels, I would not do it, nor would I permit a single shot to be fired, except in self-defense if assailed by the rebels or in the protection of public prop- erty.' "The result was the entire restoration of order in a few days, both Houses reorganizing and electing their Speakers, and David R. Porter being installed as Governor, as be ought to have been. " I desire to exonerate Governor Ritner from all that was wrong in last days of the Tyler administration a joint resolu- tion passed Congress, which was approved by the President, providing for the annexation of Texas, although the formal admission of that State dates Dec. 24, 1845. In anticipation of a difficulty with Mexico, which never recognized the independence of Texas, and had repudiated' the treaty made by Gen. Santa Anna, the President of that country, claiming the country as her own, Gen. Zachary Taylor, then stationed at Fort Jessup, Louisiana, was ordered to form "an army of occupation." Ifi August, 1845, he advanced with about four thousand men to Corpus Christi, at the mouth of the river Neuces, which was claimed by Mexico to be the western boundary of Texas. This precautionary measure was not intended by the United States government as a hostile demon- stration, and strict orders had been given the com- mander not " to commit any overt act." In January, 1846, Gen. Taylor was directed to move his forces to the Rio Grande, the boundary claimed by Texas, and also by the United States. This measure brought on the conflict, and the battles of Palo Alto and Kesaca de la Palma resulted, in which the American arms were victorious. President Polk at once announced to Congress, then in session, that Mexico had "invaded our terri- tory and shed the blood of our fellow-citizens on our own soil.'' That body formally declared that war with Mexico existed, authorized the President to accept fifty thousand volunteers, and appropriated the sum of ten millions of dollars to carry on the war. In the patriotic enthusiasm which supervened, three hundred thousand men offered their services to the government. To Pennsylvania two regiments were a^varded, and upon Governor Shunk's call for troops-, really ere the call was issued, the number of companies tendered exceeded ten times the requisition. At the capital there were several well-disciplined volunteer companies, all of whom expressed a will- ingness to, go to Mexico. At this juncture, Capt. E. C. Williams, of the Dau- phin Guards, raised a company whose services were offered the Governor. These were the Cameron Guards. It was an entirely new organization, some of the men raw recruits, when Capt. Williams pre- sented the roll to Governor Shunk. As stated, there were offers of old organized companies, drilled and equipped, to the number of two hundred ; some, however, hesitated to enlist for "during the war." The Governor did not at first accept Capt. Wil- liams' company on account of its not being a regular organization, and absolutely refused the tender of this matter, and it was altogether wrong, because I believed then and believe now that he was forced into it by a set of unscrupulouB officials who bad surrounded him. " I heard afterwards that some of the so-called rebels had given as high as five dollars for buckshot cartridges to take home with them to show the savage disposition of the soldiei-y and the terrible dangers they had gone through." GENERAL HISTORY. 135 men. Nothing daunted, through the earnest solici- tations of Col. James Ross Snowden, Gen. Purviance, Hon. Jesse Miller, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Col. Henry Petriken, his deputy, and Col. Jacob Seiler, chief clerk in the latter department, and that the capital of the State should be represented in the war. Governor Shunk yielded, finally accepting the company. The Cameron Guards left Harrisburg on the 26th of December, 1846, with one hundred and seventeen men, fully equipped, for Pittsburgh, via Chambers- burg. From the latter point the company marched the entire distance, arriving at Pittsburgh the fourth day, traveling one hundred and fifty miles, encoun- tering in the mountains fifteen inches of snow. The difiiculties of the march were amply compensated by the hospitable treatment of the citizens along the entire route. At Pittsburgh the company were at once mustered into the United States service by Lieut. Field, U.S.A., on the 2d of January, 1847, and shortly after embarked on a steamer for New Orleans, which city was reached in about five days. The troops were encamped on the historicbattle-field where the Amer- ican army under Gen. Jackson defeated the British force on the 8th of January, 1815. Here they were detained several days, when they embarked on sail- ing vessels destined for the island of Lobos, in the Gulf of Mexico. The vessel on which were the Cameron Guards was forty-one days on the passage, encountering northeast storms one after the other, and it was supposed that all had gone down in one of the severe squalls. While on shipboard the small- pox made its appearance through two men who were taken from the hospital at New Orleans. Under the skill of Dr. James Grimshaw, a sergeant of the Cameron Guards, the disease was modified, and' all save Capt. Williams took it in its mild form. In consequence they were not allowed atfirst to land at Lobos, and hoisted the yellow flag until the entire army and navy had left for the island of Sacrificias. Had it not been, says Capt. Williams, in his " Eem- iniscences of the Mexican Campaign,'' for the kind- ness of Capt. Samuel D. Karns, the sutler, and Capt. George D. Lauman, the command would have greatly suffered, but those gentlemen, at the risk of arrest and punishment, supplied gratuitously the wants of the troops. On the departure of the army the company was disembarked, and the vessel thoroughly disinfected. As soon, however, as it was deemed perfectly safe the command left for Vera Cruz, reaching there on the evening of the capture and surrender of the fortress, March 29, 1846. On the 8th of April the American army under Gen. Scott advanced towards the city of Mexico. No ■ resistance was met until the Americans reached the village of Plan del Rio, near the mountain-pass of Cerro Gordo. Here they encountered Santa Anna and his army strongly intrenched. The Mexicans were routed, and the following day the Americans entered Jalapa. Here the Cameron Guards and other Pennsylvania troops halted until the arrival of Gen. Cadwalader, when they moved forward towards Pueblo.' Capt. Winder's company of the First Artil- lery and Capt. Williams' company were ordered in the advance. On reaching the pass at La Hoya, the former occupied the hills on the left, the Cameron Guards on the right, where they remained until the entire army passed that point. They were then di- rected to make their way to the front and report to Gen. Childs. They had reached their place in line, the troops having halted, when some scouts came rid- ing in at full speed and reported to Gen. Childs, upon which Capt. Williams was ordered one-fourth mile to the front on the main road. He deployed his com- pany as skirmishers to the left, encountered over two hundred Mexicans, fired upon them, killing a num- ber and recapturing a number of horses belonging to the celebrated Texan Ranger, Capt. Walker. Shortly after, firing to the right was heard, when the company, obeying previous orders, advanced in that direction. Reaching the road, Capt. Williams met Lieut. Coch- ran, of the Voltigeurs, with two mountain howitzers. Moving along together, they soon came upon Capt. Walker and his men, who, dismounted, were in conflict with fourorfivetimes their number of Mexicans. The Cameron Guards " went in with a yell," when the Mexican? began to retreat in disorder, all the Ameri- can companies pursuing them as far as Los Vegas, a village which in the conflict was set on fire. Expect- ing to be placed under arrest for the latter accident, the officers were considerably relieved when, on the approach of Gen. Childs, he rode up to Capt. Williams and said, " Captain, didn't we show the Mustangs how to fight guerrilla?" From this time that term was applied to the enemy. The Cameron Guards remained with Winder in the advance until Pueblo was reached, which was on the 15th of May. Here the inhabitants, flocking to see the troops, were grievously disappointed by the plain blue which contrasted so greatly with the gaudy Mexican uniform. They could account for the defeat of their armies only by saying " the American leaders are gray-headed men." The time of enlistment of many of his regiments (one year) expiring, Gen. Scott was compelled to check his vic- torious career for a while. It was not until the begin- ning of August that he resumed the march with ten thousand men. The route was a toilsome one over steep ascents to the crest of the Cordilleras, where the beautiful valley of Mexico burst upon their view. Rapidly descending, the army soon reached Ayotla, only fifteen miles from the capital. Thenceforward the route bristled with fortifications. The command under Winder was ordered to move forward by way of Pefian fortified castle, the Second Pennsylvania in advance, the Cameron Guards in 136 HI8T0KY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. front of it as they came in full view of the strong- hold. At that juncture orders came that Col. Dun- can had discovered a road which flanked Penan, which was taken. Nothing of importance transpired relating to the part taken by the Cameron Guards in the siege of Mexico until the bombardment of the citadel of Chapultepec. At the commencement, Capt. Wil- liams, with two companies, was thrown into a ditch, where they remained a day and a night. On the morning thereafter, having been relieved in the even- ing, they were again ordered into the ditch to protect Drum's battery, with further instructions that when the Second Pennsylvania, New York, and South Carolina regiments would come down the road to take their place in line to join the storming party on Chapultepec. As soon as these commands appeared on the road beyond Drum's battery, Capt. Williams and Capt. Hire's companies took their place, the Second Penn- sylvania being in the rear. The regiments charged in that position. Between the road and the citadel there were numerous ditches, only one, that nearest the wall of the castle, containing water. The firing was terrific. The New York and South Carolina reg- iments took to theditches, while the Second Pennsyl- vania volunteers crossed the field and ditches by flank and reached the wall in good order. Capt. Fairchild- and two or three of his men were all the troops which had reached there when the Second Pennsylvania passed through the breach in the wall made by Drum's battery. It advanced up the hill in the face of a galling fire by right of companies, under command of Maj. Brindle, Col. Geary being wounded. Gen. Pillow's command had just preceded the Second Pennsylvania, and the latter were over the ditch and in the castle almost the same moment. Capt. Samuel Montgomery and Capt. E. C. Williams raised the first American flag on the citadel of Cha- pultepec, and kept itflying there until the commander- in-chief. Gen. Scott, rode up the causeway to the cit- adel. It may be here stated that the Mexican flag was hauled down by a color-sergeant of the Fifth or Sixth United States Infantry, and he was holding the regi- mental flag at the flagstaff when Capts. Williams and Montgomery reached the top of the castle. The only other flag there besides those mentioned was one held by a captain of the Voltigeur regiment, who was wounded in the head, and that at the first ditch pre- viously referred to. He was Capt. Bernard, of Phila- delphia, and the colors a small blue flag. In this gallant charge the Cameron Guards lost eighteen men in killed and wounded, and Capt. Wil- liams received a slight wound in the shoulder. A forward movement was soon made, the regulars advancing on Casa Mata causeway, while Drum's battery and Quitman's and Shields' brigades were to protect them from being attacked on the San Antonio causeway by the Mexicans from the Garreta de Belina. Shields and Quitman were to hold the enemy in check and not to attack the Garreta, as it was deemed almost impregnable. The first arches of the aqueduct being filled with large stones up to the first Mexican battery that was soon captured, and thus the Americans ap- proached the city, capturing arch after arch until the gates of the Mexican capital were reached. At 4 p.m. the Second Pennsylvania were inside the city, with the mounted rifles on foot. The firing ceased as the darkness cast its shadows upon the scene, when the Pennsylvanians filled sand-bags for temporary breast- works for protection. This was a labor of great difii- culty, owing to the scarcity of implements necessary and the hardness of the soil. However, on the ap- proach of early dawn, a Mexican officer with a flag of truce appeared, and the city of Mexico — the halls of the Montezumas — ^surrendered to the gallant Quit- man. The general immediately ordered Lieut.-Col. Geary to take command of the citadel with his regiment. On reaching there Capt. Williams had the honor of being made ofiicer of the day, and raised the flag which had been raised at Chapultepec, and when Gens. Quitman and Shields marched with the remain- der of their brigades to the Grand Plaza, the troops saluted and cheered this flag as they passed by. We make mention of these facts, for subsequently in the Senate of the United States a resolution was offered to present a sword to Capt. Brooks, of the regular army, for raising the first American flag in the city of Mexico, but it failed from the fact that a state- ment was presented by Gen. Quitman, Col. Geary, and others to the effect that the first flag raised in the city was by a company in the Second Pennsylva- nia Regiment. Why Col. Geary should have said " a company of his regiment" when he saw Capt. Williams raise the colors of the Union is unaccount- able, — " honor to whom honor's due." And thus ended the war with Mexico. Within six months Gen. Scott had stormed the strongest places in the country, won battles against armies double, treble, and even quadruple his own, and marched without a single reverse from Vera Cruz to MexicQ. He had lost fewer men, made fewer mistakes, and caused less devastation in proportion to his victories than any invading general of former times. When the Duke of Wellington was asked by a great soldier what he thought of Scott's Mexican campaign, his reply was, " It was a war of miracles !" The capture of the city of Mexico finished the war. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was concluded Feb. 2, 1848. New Mexico and Upper California were ceded to the United States, and the western boundary of Texas was fixed at the Rio Grande del Norte. In return the United States agreed to pay fifteen millions of dollars, and to assume the debts due American citizens by the Mexican government to the amount of three million five hundred dollars. The war cost the United States about twenty-five GENERAL HISTORY. 137 thousand men (most of whom had died by disease) and one hundred and sixty million dollars. The Army of Mexico was soon on their way home- ward, especially the volunteers, the regulars occupy- ing the acquired territory or the boundary on the Eio Grande. The Cameron Guards, out of one hun- dred and seventeen, returned with thirty-two men. From the time the company left the city of New Or- leans until they reached Harrisburg it was one con- tinuous ovation. At Harrisburg, which they reached on the day of July, 1848, the citizens turned out en masse to welcome the gallant survivors of that brave band. The company was met at the foot of Market Street by the citizens and military, who, after escort- ing it through the principal streets of the borough, amid the ringing of bells and the firing of cannon, repaired to the public grounds in the rear of the State Capitol, where the survivors were publicly wel- comed by Edward A. Lesley, Esq., on behalf of the citizens, in an eloquent speech replete with patriotic a,llusions. The entire multitude then sat down to an elegant and plentiful repast, which had been pro- vided for the occasion free of all expense. The Cameron Guards left Harrisburg, as stated, with one hundred and seventeen men. At Pittsburgh it was found that the company had more than the maximum number, and the surplus were transferred to other commands. Tliis statement will account for the number on the muster-roll herewith given, which contains the names of ninety- four men, rank and file, not including three privates subsequently connected with the company. Soil of Cameron Guards ( Company O, Second Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers). [Age, height, where born, occupation.] Captain. ■ Edward C. Williams, 27, 5 : 9J, Philadelphia, book- binder. First Lieutenant. Peter H. McWilliams, 25, 5 : 11, Harrisburg, printer. Second Lieutenant. David J. linger, 24, 5 : 8, Dauphin County, merchant. Tliird Lieutenant. Isaac S. Waterbury, 27, 5 : 8, New York City, tailor. First Sergeant. Henry A. Hambright, 26, 6 : 2, Lancaster, contractor ; pro. to 1st lieut., Co. H, Aug. 12, 1847, by order of Gen. Quitman. Sergeants. James Elder, 21, 5 : lOf, Harrisburg, gentleman ; pro. to 2d lieut., 11th U. S. Inf., April 16, 1847, by President of the United States. William G. Murray, 22, 5 : llf , Harrisburg, mer- chant ; pro. to 2d lieut., 11th U. S. Inf , April 16, 1847, by President of the United States. John Fleck, 29, 5 : 8J, Harrisburg, plasterer; disch. from hospital at Vera Cruz April 21, 1847. Corporals. John Simons, 31, 6 : 4|, Bedford, teamster ; trans, to New York regiment Oct. 31, 1847. Thomas R. Jordan, 23, 6 : If, Lancaster, carpenter ; disch. from hospital at Pueblo Nov. 5, 1847. William H. P. Derry, 27, 5:6, Wilmington, Del., boat-builder. George Bressler, 23, 5 : 10, Dauphin County, mill- wright. Drummer. Samuel Simons, 28, 5 : 10, Perry County, blacksmith ; pro. to drum-major Nov. 12, 1847. Fifer. George Simons, 22, 5 : 7J, Perry County, blacksmith. Privates. Auchmutz, Samuel S., 22, 5 : 7J, Northumberland County, carpenter. Auchmutz, Shipman, 24, 5 : 11, Northumberland County, tailor ; pro. to sergt. Feb. 29, 1848. Albert, John, 20, 5 : 5J, Middletown, tailor ; deserted at New Orleans Jan. 27, 1847. Alexander, William, 22, 5 : 6, Montreal, Canada, tailor ; deserted at New Orleans Jan. 27, 1847. Brown, Alexander, 21, 5 : 11, Bolton, England, pud- dler. Bowman, George, 29, 5 : llj, Lancaster City, car- penter ; deserted at New Orleans Jan. 27, 1847. Brua, Jacob, 38, 5 : 7, Harrisburg, printer ; died in hospital, Perote, July 3, 1847; about half an hour after he received a lieutenant's commission in the regular army. Boden, Hugh, 26, 5:8, Perry County, carpenter; killed at city of Mexico Oct. 12, 1847. Balmer, Jacob, 19, 5 : 7, Cumberland County, black- smith. Brobst, George, 22, 5 : 6, Germany, laborer ; deserted at New Orleans Jan. 27, 1847. Bolton, William, 29, 5 : 7, Harrisburg, blacksmith ; killed at Garreta de Belina Sept. 13, 1847. Crooks, Clark B., 20, 6, Westmoreland, printer. Cosgrove, James, 23, 5:9J, Lancaster City, laborer; disch. from hospital for wounds received in storm- ing Chapultepeo Dec. 7, 1847. Cowhick, Daniel, 30,5:10, Perry County, farmer; killed at city of Mexico Dec. 15, 1847. Clendenin, Thomas, 21, 5 : 8, Dauphin, carpenter. Craft, Levi, 34, 5 : 6, Lancaster City, coppersmith. Oolton, Robert, 20, 5 : 6|, New Brunswick, N. J., shoemaker; deserted at New Orleans Jan. 27, 1847. Cromleigh, David, 29, 5 : 9, Cumberland County, merchant; deserted at New Orleans Jan. 27, 1847. Daily, Joseph, 28, 5 : 9, Dauphin County, stone-mason ; 138 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. sent home on account of health Oct. 28, 1847 ; since dead. Dennison, Bartlett, 28, 5 : 9, Bedford County, clerk ; died in hospital, Mexico, Oct. 23, 1847. Detrich, George, 38, 5 : 8, Germany, farmer; died in hospital. Vera Cruz, April 28, 1847. Davis, Henry, 20, 5 : 7, Harrisburg, butcher ; pro. to orderly sergeant. Evans, Lewis, 24, 6, Harper's Ferry, Va., blacksmith ; died in hospital, Puebla, Sept. 9, 1847. Furley, James A., 23, 5:63, Smithtown, Md., black- smith; disch. on surg. cercif. of pension at San Angel Feb. 28, 1848. Foster, Weidman, 21, 6 : 2i, Harrisburg, carpenter ; pro. to 2d lieut. 11th Inf., April 15, 1847, by President of United States. Glasbury, Lewis, 29, 5: 10, Philadelphia, blacksmith; disch. on surg. certif. ff disability April 10, 1847. Griffith, Eobert, 21, 5 : 8, Philadelphia, farmer; sent home on account of health Oct. 28, 1847. Grimshaw, James, 33, 5 : 7, Philadelphia, physician ; pro. assist, surg. in regular army. Gould, James, 30, 5:8, Carlisle, shoemaker; sent home on account of health Oct. 28, 1847. Hester, Frederick, 24, 5 : 7, Brakle, Germany, farmer. Hovis, John D., 23, 5: 9J, Harrisburg, printer; subse- quently entered the U. S. Navy and served five years ; on Oct. 26, 1861, he enlisted in Co. G, 99th Eegt. Pa. Vol., and died of consumption at Phil- adelphia, Feb. 28, 1863. Irvin, Matthew T., 29, 5 : 6J, Franklin County, shoe- maker. Irvin, Samuel C, 21, 5 : 6, Franklin County, farmer ; disch. at hospital, Puebla, Nov. 5, 1849 ; killed on his return home. Klatz, William, 33, 5 : 10, Lancaster City, laborer ; died in hospital, Puebla, July 21, 1847. Killinger, John, 19, 6 : 1, Lancaster County, butcher. Kerr, John, 29, 5 : 7 J, Dauphin County, distiller ; died in hospital, city of Mexico, Oct. 10, 1847. Kurtz, Lewis, 21, 5 : 7, Philadelphia, hatter. Kaufman, Franklin, 28, 5 : 9f, Lancaster City, car- penter ; deserted at New Orleans Jan. 27, 1847. Lukens, William, 18, 5:7, Dauphin County, laborer. Looker, Charles, 29, 5:7J, New York City, shoe- maker. Leib, Christian, 31, 6, Carlisle, butcher ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. H, Nov. 12, 1847, by order of Gen. Scott. Mullen, Chambers C, 22, ^ : 10, Cumberland County, brewer. Mills, George E., 21, 5: 6J, Lebanon, stone-cutter. Myers, Jacob, 29, 5 : 6, Wurtemberg, Germany, cooper. Moyer, Jacob, 22, 5 : 8, Harrisburg, tinner ; died in hospital, city of Mexico, of wounds received at the storming of Chapultepec ; died Oct. 28, 1847. Moyers, Emanuel, 20, 5 : 9J, Millersburg, laborer ; disch. from hospital, city of Mexico, Dec. 7, 1847, on account of wounds received at taking of city. Mosely, Charles, 20, 5 : 6, Manayunk, puddler. May, Jacob, 26, 5 : 7, Germany, laborer ; died on march, at San Angel, Sept. 7, 1847. Novinger, George, 27, 5 : 11|, Millersburg, farmer. Novinger, Hiram, 20, 5 : 11, Dauphin County, farmer ; died on the march, at Beroges, July 3, 1847. Powers, John, 36, 5 : 4, Lancaster City, shoemaker. Palmer, Joseph, 19, 5 : 5, Chemung, N. Y., boatman. Patrick, John, 21, 5 : 7J, Lancaster City, shoemaker. Eeigle, Simon, 23, 5:10, Centre County, laborer. Eock, David B., 20, 5 : 7, Philadelphia, printer ; disch. from hospital, Vera Cruz, April 21, 1847. Eees, David, 19, 5 : 8J, Lancaster City, moulder. Eees, William, 19, 5 : 9, Centre County, moulder ; deserted at New Orleans Jan. 27, 1847. Eees, James J., 18, 5 : 8, Harrisburg, printer; died in the city of Vera Cruz. Eexford, Ensign, 22, 5:6, New York, barber; de- serted at New Orleans Jan. 27, 1847. Eoller, Samuel, 21, 6 : 7, York County, blacksmith. ' Eodgers, Eobert A., 24, 5 : 10, Cumberland County, carpenter ; disch. at city of Mexico for wounds received at the taking of the city. Eeighter, Henry, 21, 5 : 11, Carlisle, brickmaker. Shaw, James, 21, 5:7, Centre County, printer; died in hospital, Puebla, July 21, 1857. Shoemaker, John, 19, 5 : 8, Stoystown, shoemaker. Spayd, Christian E., '30, 5:5, Middletown, printer; died in the city of Mexico. Spong, John, 22, 5 : 7J, Hummelstown, Miller. Snyder, Jacob, 23, 5 : 6, York County, farmer ; died in hospital, Puebla, Aug. 17, 1847. Snyder, Jeremiah, 26, 5 : 6, Pennsylvania, boatman. Shaum, Frederick, 25, 5 : 6, Lancaster City, butcher. Stentz, Henry, 36, 5 : 7, Highspire, contractor ; disch. from hospital. Vera Cruz, April 13, 1847. Trexler, Michael P., 21, 5 : 5, Shippensburg, cabinet maker. » Underwood, Edward, 19, 5 : Of, Carlisle, school- teacher ; disch. from hospital, Jalapa, May 19, 1847 ; pro. to lieut. in regular army ; since cap- tain. Unger, Franklin, 22, 5 : lOJ, Lancaster County, shoe- maker. Wolf, Samuel, 20, 6:1J, Dauphin County, black- smith; disch. from hospital, Puebla, March 7, 1848. Winower, George, 39, 5 : 8J, Lancaster City, brick- layer ; died in hospital, Puebla, Aug. 8, 1847. Willis, William, 22, 5:8, Cumberland County, stone- mason. Ward, Patrick, 19, 5 : 7, Ireland, laborer; disch. from hospital, city of Mexico, March 4, 1848. Wood, Henry B., 21, 5 : 6, Harrisburg, law student ; disch. from hospital, Jalapa, June 1, 1847. Walters, John, 33, 5 : 10, York County, cordwainer ; died in hospital, Puebla, Nov. 9, 1847. GENERAL HISTORY. 139 Washabaugh, Lewis, 23, 5 : 8, Franklin County, car- penter ; died in hospital, city of Mexico, Oct. 12, 1847. Hagan, James P., 29,. 5: 8, Tyrone, stone-cutter; trans, from N. Y. regt. Oct. 31, 1847. Henry Miller,— 5 : llj, Carlisle, printer ; joined from general depot April 17, 1848. Puchalski, Eugene, recruited at San Angel April 27, 1848. It may be stated in this connection that of the original members of the Cameron Guards the follow- ing were promoted into the regular army : Dr. James Grimshaw, assistant surgeon. Sergt. James Elder, lieutenant Eleventh United States Infantry. Sergt. William G. Murray, lieutenant Eleventh United States Infantry. Corp. Weidman Forster, lieutenant Eleventh United States Infantry. Corp. Jacob Bruce, lieutenant United States In- fantry. First Sergt. Henry A. Hambright, first lieutenant Company H, Second Pennsylvania Volunteers. Sergt. Christian Leib, second lieutenant Company H, Second Pennsylvania Volunteers. Of those who survive (1883) are Capt. E. C. Wil- liams, who rose to be a brigadier-general in the civil war; Lieut. David G. Unger; First Sergt. Henry A. Hambright, who was promoted to the regular army during the Rebellion, reached the rank of brigadier- general, and placed on the retired list on account of wounds received in battle;. Sergt. James Elder, late captain United States army ; Sergt. William H. P. Derry ; Private Henry B. Wood, attorney-at-law, residing in New Jersey. CHAPTER XXIIL The "War for the Union — War Meeting at Harrishiirg— Arbitrary Arrests — First Northern loTasion by tlie Army of Lee— The Gettysburg Cam- paign — The Close of the Kebellion — The Assassination of President Lincoln. It will be impossible within the limits of a local history to present all the details connected with Dau- phin County and the city of Harrisburg in the war for the suppression of the Kebellion. We propose, however, to give the main facts of that eventful pe- riod. On the causes which led to it we shall not dwell. Suffice it to say that when the news reached the North of the firing upon Fort Sumter there was but one feeling actuating the people of that section, — to put down civil rebellion at all hazards. The North was united, and the history of this locality was not to be misunderstood. Harrisburg being the cap- ital of the State, it became the theatre of much of in- terest connected with the Rebellion. On Tuesday afternoon, April 17, 1861, called to- gether by the exigency of events, the people of Har- risburg and the county of Dauphin assembled in mass-meeting at the court-house, William H. Kep- ner, mayor of the city, presiding. The meeting was exceedingly large and enthusiastic, and neither before or since did such a gathering of the staid, substantial, and honored citizens of this city assemble. Upon the organization of the meeting the following resolutions were unanimously adopted: " Whereas, War has been commenced by the seceded States of South Carolina, Georgia, MissiBSippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, and Texas upon the American Union without just cause, and against the dictates of reason and justice; and, " Whereas, Foi-t Sumter, erected by the common ti'easure of all the American people and garrisoned by a noble but feeble band of American soldiery, has been assailed aud conquered by an overwhelming force acting under the authority of the self-styled Southern Confederacy ; and, " Wheeeas, Threats have been openly and boldly made by high ofii- cials in the seceded States that the capital of the Union would be speed- ily/attacked and subjugated and the Northern States invaded ; therefore be it *' Resolved, That we, the people of the capital of Pennsylvania, actu- ated by a sincere love for the institutions bequeathed us by the fathers of the Union, pledge our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor in de- fense of our national flag aud the Constitution of the United States, and that we will resist unitedly and firmly all acts of aggression on the part of those who have wantonly insulted our government, outraged our honor, and assailed our rights as citizens of a great and hitherto happy country. " Besolved, That we hold it to be the duty of all good citizens, no matter what their political predilections may be, to respond promptly to the demand of the President of the United States for men ' to maintain the honor, the integrity, and the existence of our national Union and the perpetuity of our popular government, and to redeem the wrongs already long enough endured,' and that those who by voice or act endeavor to prevent the accomplishmeut of these ends, and thus give aid and com- fort to our enemies, can only be considered as traitors and the abettors of treason. ** Reaolvedj That the message of Governor Curtin recommending that measures be taken to place the militia of Pennsylvania in an efiScient condition was eminently appropriate and patriotic; and the prompt and liberal manner in which the Legislature responded to that demand, as well as its more recent act pledging all the resources of the Common- wealth to aid in the defense of the Federal government, is gratifying to all loyal citizens and true patriots. "Resolved, That the martial spirit evinced by our gallant volunteers and citizens generally in rallying at their country's call to march to its defense is conclusive evidence that they are not degenerate sons of sires who fought for liberty and honor in the Revolution and in the war of 1812, and is a certain guarantee that the Keystone State will be found now, as she was in the late war with Mexico, foremost in the mainte- nance of our national rights." On motion of Mr. George Bergner, the following were unanimously adopted additional thereto : " Resolved, That we ha,i\ with proud satisfaction the unanimous pas- sage of the following resolution by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and that we adopt the same as our motto, viz. : " ' Resolved by the Senate, etc., that the faith, credit, and resources of the State in both men and money are hereby pledged to any amount and to every extent to which the Federal government may determine to subdue the Rebellion, to punish treason, to enforce the laws, to protect the lives, liberties, and property of the people, and to maintain inviolate the Constitution and sovereignty of the people.' " A. B. Hamilton offered the following resolution, which was also unanimously adopted : " Resolved, That Gen. E. C. Williams, Capt. Isaac S. Waterhury, and Maj. Leander N. Ott be requested to serve as a committee to act for this meeting as collectors and custodians of such money as may come to their hands as a fund for the support and sustenance of those citizens of Dau- phin County who may volunteer under call of the President during the 140 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. time of their preparatory services at home, and as far as possible to eomfort and sustain the families of those who shall be thus absent, en- gaged in the service of their country." In accordance with the resolution, A. B. Hamilton and George Bergner subscribed fifty dollars each for this object ; and a paper pledging the subscribers as loyal citizens of Pennsylvania and the United States was then signed by all who could approach the table, after which the meeting adjourned with three hearty cheers for the Union. After the meeting Col. Wor- rell, being called upon, addressed the meeting in earnest advocacy of the Union cause. In the mean time (April 13th) a meeting of young men of Harrisburg had been held at Exchange Hall for the purpose of organizing a military company, and thirty-five persons signed the roll. The com- pany thus formed took the name of State Capital Guards, and elected Isaac S. Waterbury captain,, through whom their services were tendered to Gov- ernor Curtin. The Cameron Guards tendered their services about the same time, and the Constitutional Guards were organized soon after in the north com- mittee room of the capitol. At this juncture of af- ' fairs Governor Curtin requested Capt. E. C. Williams to take possession of the grounds of the Harrisburg Park Association, adjoining the northern boundary of the city, and to make all necessary arrangements for all troops arriving in the city. Col. Seneca G. Simmons being present and an officer of the Uuited States army, Capt. Williams was immediately mus- tered into service, being the first volunteer in the war. The order was to organize the fair grounds as a camp and name it Camp Union, but upon taking possession of it named it Camp Curtin, by which it was known not only by all the State volunteers, but by the citi- zen-soldiers of different sections of the Union. At once Harrisburg and Camp Curtin became impor- tant poiuts for the concentration of the Federal troops and the centre of military operations for a period of four years. In the following pages are preserved the record of companies and regiments, with such historic data as we have been able to ascertain. Much more ought to be given, and will probably be looked for by the in- terested reader, yet the details and itinerary of each command, valuable though they may be, are too vol- uminous. The first scene at Harrisburg in the terrible tragedy enacted in the struggle for the Union was the call to arms and the establishment of the military camp, the march of the soldiers to the sanguinary fields of the hitherto fair South ; the next when, after the second battle of Manassas, the rebel army threatened Penn- sylvania ; the third when the second invasion of the enemy brought the conflict to our very doors ; and the fourth when the sound of victory went through the land, followed by the martyrdom of the lion- hearted Lincoln. These are chapters in the history of this locality which it is necessary to dwell upon, leaving to other pens at a future time the various in- cidents of the march to the front, the return home, and other facts connected with that military epoch. We come now to a portiort of war history that is not very creditable to the government authorities at the time. We had thought at the first to avoid alluding to the matter at all; but the occasion de- mands some reference, and as a faithful chronicler the subject cannot be dismissed. During the Rebel- lion the War Department made every other power sub- servient to it, and many arrests and trials took place which were not only arbitrary and unconstitutional, but at the time wholly unnecessary and without justi- fication, palliation, or excuse, and our reference is a case in point. The Constitution of the United States has provided in the third article that " the trial of all crimes, ex- cept in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where such crime shall have been committed." And then in the amend- ments to the Constitution, Article v., that " no person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise in- famous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in oases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia wlien in actual service, in time of war or public danger," " nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." And in Article vi., "in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury in the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law." Our State Legislature, in order to prevent any person from giving aid or assistance to the Rebellion, passed an act on the 18th of April, 1861, by which, in one lengthy section they provide for every possible case in which any person could give aid or comfort to the " enemies of this State or the United States of 'America," and also where any one should persuade any person or persons from entering the service of this State or the United States, " or induce any person to abandon the service," and enacting that "' every person so offending, and being legally convicted thereof, shall be guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be sentenced to undergo solitary imprisonment in the penitentiary at hard labor not exceeding ten years, or be fined in a sum not exceeding five thou- sand dollars, or both, at the discretion of the court." In a strong legal paper prepared by the late Her- man Alricks, since we are referring to military arrests, are some facts which are well worth reproducing in this connection. He writes, — " The people of this whole land ought to under- stand that the Constitution of the United States is the foundation of our government, and the Supreme Court of the United States is the judicial expounder of the Constitution. If the Supreme Court of the United States can be so manipulated by Congress as GENERAL HISTOEY. 141 to become a political partisan institution instead of a judicial one, and the Constitution can be construed in such a way as to contravene the whole genius of our government in establishing a military despotism over the whole land because of a partial rebellion, that there is an end to all appeal to civil government. The people must either submit to this military des- potism in the hands of the War Department or oifer open resistance and stand upon their rights guaran- teed to them by our form of government. It would be useless to talk ef amending the Constitution or making a new one, for if a Constitution framed by Washington and the men of the Revolution can be treated with contempt and disregarded no reasonable man would suppose that a Constitution made by the men of the present day or by the men of any future generation would be regarded .... It was never in- tended by the framers of the Constitution^ to confer upon the military the powers that have been claimed and exercised by them in the late war. ... It is very evident that the construction put upon the Constitu- tion by the War Department in the late war on the subject of military arrests and military trials leaves to the citizen living in a State not in rebellion no personal security whatever, and treats him as if he lived in a land where the government is a sheer mili- tary despotism. Whether the people of the United States are willing to allow the construction of the War Department to stand as a precedent in case of another insane rebellion or not is a question of such vast import as ought to command the attention of the people of this whole land from the Atlantic to the Pacific." On the 6th of August, 1862, the editors and pro- prietorls of the Harrishurg Patriot and Union were ar- rested by Provost-Marshal Lafayette C. Baker, of Washington, D. C, on complaint of Capt. E. I. Dodge, then acting as mustering officer and provost-marshal at Harrisburg. The arrests were made under authority of Gen. Halfeck, general-in-chief of the army, whose order was executed by Brig.-Gen. James Wadsworth, acting Military Governor of the District of Columbia, assisted by Provost-Marshal Baker, Capt. Dodge, and Chief of Police Campbell. Gen. Wadsworth at once conveyed the prisoners to Washington, where they were incarcerated in the Old Capitol Prison. The oflfense of which they were accused was the publica- tion of a handbill discouraging enlistments. This handbill was as follows : "Attention, Colored Men ! " The great Gen. James Lane has arrived in this city to-day, and will address the colored citizens of Harrisburg in front of the Market-House at four o'clock this (Monday) afternoon. Men and brethren, come along. "The government having granted him permission to raise two Col- ored Eegiments, he will be prepared to swear in all able-bodied col- ored men who may offer, and be confidently expects to raise one com- pany in this place. " Arms, equipment, uniforms, pay, rations, and bounty the same as received by white soldiers, and no iistmetion will he made. Come one, <^™'"'"- "J. H. Tompkins, "BecruiUng Offleerfor Lane's Colored Begiments." The effect of this publication, it was claimed by the friends of the administration, was to excite the prejudices of those persons who, though in favor of crushing the Rebellion, were opposed to the employ- ment of colored troops, and to embarrass the recruit- ing officers in the work of procuring enlistments. The Patriot and Union declared on the morning after the arrest that the placard was " got up by frolic- some printer boys without the knowledge of the edi- tors or proprietors of that newspaper," but the Tele- graph asserted that evidence had been procured showing that the handbill had been printed in the Patriot and Union establishment, and that two of the boys in the office had confessed " that they had 'set up' the bill calling on colored recruits, and that Uriah J. Jones had concocted and written the same." Act- ing upon this evidence, Provost-Marshal Dodge tele- graphed to the War Department for instructions, and the result was the arrest as stated. After an exami- nation before Judge-Advocate Turner, in the pres- ence of Gen. Wadsworth, the prisoners were released on the 22d of August, 1862, having first made the statement under oath that they were unconscious of having committed any offense against the Constitu- tion, the government, or the laws of the land. They left Washington on the following morning, Aug. 28, 1862, and arrived at Harrisburg on the evening of the same day. They were greeted by a large assemblage of citizens, who escorted them to their homes. The order for the arrests, it may be here stated, directed also that the provost-marshal should "seize the presses, type, fixtures, and all the property found in the Patriot and Union printing establishment, and turn the same over to the United States quartermaster at Harrisburg, Pa., who shall forward the same to Washington City." This portion of the order, how- ever, was never executed, and the publication of the Patriot-and Union was continued without interrup- tion. On the 5th of September, 1862, after the second battle of Manassas, the Confederate army under Gen, Lee crossed the Potomac River near the mouth of the Monocacy, and advanced northward through Mary- land, threatening Harrisburg among other important points. An invasion of Pennsylvania seemed im- minent and the excitement was widespread. While the main body of the army remained at Frederick, Md., the Confederate cavalry • entered Pennsylvania, their number being greatly exaggerated by rumor. In the excited state of the people it was believed that the whole army was advancing towards the State capital with the purpose of moving thence upon Philadelphia. In anticipation of the advance of the enemy northward. Governor Curtin on the 4th of September issued a proclamation recommending " the immediate formation throughout the commonwealth of militia companies and regiments in conformity with the militia act of 1858." In accordance with 142 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. this recommendation, the citizens of Harrisburg met in their respective wards on the afternoon of the 5th, for the purpose of organizing companies to aid in re- pelling the advance of the enemy. The places of business were generally closed to enable the em- ployes to participate in the movement. After an in- formal organization the companies from the different wards marched to the capitol grounds, where they as- sembled around the steps of the rear of the main building and were addressed by Governor Curtin, ex- Governor Porter, "Parson" Brownlow, and Eev. Francis Moore, of the Locust Street Methodist Epis- copal Church. News of the invasion of Maryland reached Harrisburg on the night of Saturday, Sep- tember 6th. The dispatch stated that the rebels had entered Frederick with forty thousand men, and were marching on Hagerstown. "This of course," said the Telegraph of September 8th, " aroused our citi- zens considerably, believing that the enemy might march undisturbed down through the Cumberland Valley." A dispatch contradicting this report was received on Sunday morning, and the people of Har- risburg were kept in a state of suspense throughout that day and part of Monday. On Monday after- noon, however, the Telegraph announced that it had direct information from several gentlemen who had left Frederick on the previous day that a portion of the Confederate army had reached that place. Fur- ther reports by telegraph added that all the govern- ment stores had been removed from Hagerstown, Md., to Ohambersburg, and that a large number of Union men had left the former town for places of safety in Pennsylvania. On the 9th of September the appointment was an- nounced of A. K. McClure, Assistant Adjutant-Gen- eral of the United States, with the rank of major, and detailed for special duty in Pennsylvania, where he was assigned the service of arranging such defenses in the State as the emergency demanded. In the mean time, in view of the threatened danger from the rebel advance, recruiting proceeded rapidly. The ranks of the Reserve Brigade and Home Guard soon filled up, and new companies were raised in nearly every ward in the city. On the 10th, Governor Cur- tin issued General Order No. 35, in which he stated that, " In view of the danger of invasion now threat- ening our State by the enemies of the government, it is deemed necessary to call upon all the able-bodied men of Pennsylvania to organize immediately for the defense of the State and be ready for marching orders upon one hour's notice, to proceed to such point of rendezvous as the Governor may direct." Organiza- tions called into the field under this order were to be held for service for such time only as the pressing exigency for State defense continued. On the fol- lowing day (September 11th) the Telegraph s,a.\di, "We have the gratifying intelligence that the people are turning out en masse to defend the free soil of Penn- sylvania. Dispatches from all the adjoining counties were received last night at headquarters, offering any number of troops for the defense of the capital of the State. . . . Gen. Wool takes command to-day. A number of competent engineers are here to complete the fortifications." In the same issue it was noted that " the train from Ohambersburg brought a con- siderable number of passengers from beyond that town," from whom it was learned that " the excite- ment and panic in that direction are intense and fearful." On the same train came " a large number of contrabands." On the afternoon of the same day Governor Curtin issued the following proclamation : " Headqtjabtebs Pennsylvania Militia, " HABBiSBUBa, Sept. 11, 1862. " Oexeral Order No. 36. " By authority of the Presideiit of the United States, fifty thousand of the freemen of Pennsylvania are hereby called for immediate service, to repel the now imminent danger from invasion by the enemies of the coimtry. '* OflBcers in command of company organizations, as authorized by General Order No. 35, dated September 10th, will at once report by tele- graph the place of their headquarters, so that orders may be issued from these headquarters for transportation to Harrisburg for such companies as may be ordered to move. " Further calls will be made for additional forces ae the exigencies of theservice may require. The formation of companies under the General Order of September 10th should continue to be made aa rapidly as pos- sible, until all the able-bodied, loyal men of Pennsylvania are enrolled and ready for service. " By order of "A. Cr. CUBTIN, " Governor and Commaiider-m- Chief. "A. L. Russell, j4d?"Mton<-(?0?i«ra?, PennsyivaMia," On the 12th Mayor Kepner issued the following proclamation : " To THE Citizens and others now within the City or Habeisbueo. "In pursuance of the command of his Excellency A. G. Curtin Gov- ernor of this commonwealth, dated this day, to me directed I forbid every able-bodied man from leaving the bounds of this city' upon the pain of being arrested and held in charge by the military authorities under the instructions given to tUem for that purpose by the Governor. " All railroad companies and their agenta located at this city are also hereby notified and positively forbidden to carry off or furnish trans- portation for the purpose of carrying off any and all able-bodied men from this city. ' " The Provost Guard detailed for duty in this city are hereby directed to take care that the above proclamation be enforced. " VTm. H. Kepnee, " Mayor. '• Mayor's OrricE, Habbisbuhb, September 12, 1862." At this date it was noted in the local press that the most active measures were being put in force to as- semble a large army to resist invasion, " and if pos- sible save the capital and State from devastation and outrage from the enemies of the government. By this evening fifty thousand men will be in motion All the rolling stoclf of the different railroads in the State will be taken possession of for the purpose of conveying troops to this city. An engineer corps is at work on the other side of the river, surveying the ground m all directions, and arranging the plans for the erection of works." Meanwhile the troops raised for the defense of the Cumberland Valley and Harrisburg were concen- trating at Ohambersburg under the command of GENERAL HISTORY. 143 Gen. John F. Reynolds, of the. regular army. Col. Charles Campbell was appointed with the rank of brigadier to the command of a force from the camps at Harrisburg, which was ordered to proceed up the Cumberland Valley. Capt. G. D. Hand was acting adjutant-general, Capt. Elbridge McConkey acting assistant adjutant-general, Maj. E. H. McCoy, chief quartermaster.' On the 13th it was announced that over two hundred companies had reported themselves to the Governor for service, and that Governor Curtin had left Harrisburg on the previous day to visit the forces in the field at Chambersburg and other points in the valley. A strong reserve was maintained at Camp Curtin, ready to march at a moment's notice. From Saturday evening, September 18th, in the night which followed and all day Sunday, as fast as one train of cars on the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Leb- anon Valley, and the Northern Central could dis- charge its living cargo another steamed into the city filled with volunteers. Tents were erected on the Capitol grounds for the accommodation of the fresh levies, and the medical department had a large hos- pital tent immediately in front of the arsenal, where the recruits were supplied with medicine and medical advice. Gen. Reynolds arrived in the city on Satur- day evening, September 13th, and immediately or- ganized his staff and issued his first order as follows : "Headquartebs Akmy of Pennstlvania, " Haerisbdrg, Sept. 13, 1862. " General Order No, 1. "I. In pursuance of orders from War Department and His Excel- lency, Governor Curtin, the undersigned assumes command of the forces assembled for the defense of Pennsylvania. II. The following-named ofBcers are announced as the staff of the general commanding, and will be obeyed and respected accordingly : "Capt. C. Kingsbury, Jr., assistant adjutant-general. " Edward McPherson, volunteer aide-de-camp. " Lieut. 0. Sanborn, aide-de-camp. " Lieut. William Biddle, aide-de-camp. " John F. Keynolds, " Brigadier-General Volunteers. " OfQcial. " C. KlNGSBDRT, Jr., ^^ Assistant Adjutant- General" Troops continued to pour into Harrisburg until, on the 16th, it was announced that there were volunteers in the city from every county in the State, "Camp Curtin," it was stated, "is full to overflowing; the capitol grounds are now literally covered with tents ; the Senate and House of Representatives are used as barracks ; every room in the capitol, not occupied for other purposes, is now filled with troops ; the vacant rooms in the court-house are appropriated to the sol- diers; wherever there is a spot that will accommo- date a weary soldier it is seized upon and used accord- ing to 'the articles of war.' The hotels are like bee-hives, swarming ; private houses are open, their accommodations at once cordial and free to all who choose to enter ; and thus the State capital is one vast camp, where the soldier is at liberty to bivouac on the street-corner, in our most elegant mansions, the capitol grounds or the capitol buildings." The First Regiment Pennsylvania Militia, under command of Col. Henry McCormick, composed mainly of residents of Harrisburg, left the city on September 13th for Chambersburg, and went into camp at a point about two miles above Chambers- burg, on the Franklin Railroad, the military station being known as Camp McClure. The Dauphin County cavalry, commanded by Capt. E. Byers, with Lieuts. Boyd, Peters, and Murray, and Charles C. Rawn, as orderly, accompanied the regi- ment. Capt. James Gowan also recruited a company of cavalry in Dauphin County at this time. On the 17th it was announced that the troops were in possession of every public building in Harrisburg. Churches, schools, hose- and engine-houses, and the capitol buildings, the depots, and in fact every acces- sible edifice which could be used for the shelter and accommodation of troops was secured by the author- ities or voluntarily given up for the purpose. As fast as transportation could be secured the troops were moved off in the direction of the Cumberland Val- ley. During this critical period the duties of pro- vost guard in Harri.sburg were performed by the First City Zouaves, Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Capt. F. Asbury Awl. The Harrisburg Greys (Ex- empts), Valentine Hammel, Jr., captain, also re- mained in the city, prepared to render their services should occasion arise. On the 18th of September the following card from the Secretary of the Commonwealth .was telegraphed to the principal postmasters in the State, with the request that they would place it in some conspicuous position : " Hahkisburo, Sept. 18, 1862. "The number of wounded in Gen. McClellan's recent battles is very large ; most of them will probably be brought into Pennsylvania. The surgeon-general appeals to the ladies for the immediate contribution of such articles as are needed for their comfort. All pa,ckages should have contents marked outside, and be addressed to Gen. Hale, Harrisburg. "Eli Slifer, " Secretary of Commonwealth." Sept. 19, 1862, the appointment was announced of Brig.-Gen. Harry Longnecker to the command of a brigade composed of a portion of the regiments called out by Governor Curtin for the defense of the border, with Col. John J. Patterson as aid. The battle of Antietam, which was fought on the 16th and 17th of September, resulted in the retreat of Gen. Lee's army across the Potomac, and dissipated all apprehensions of a Confederate advance upon Harrisburg at that time. During the morning of the 16th, Capt. George Brooks, of Harrisburg, of the Forty-sixth Pennsyl- vania Regiment, was shot and fatally wounded. After the result at Antietam orders were telegraphed to the various military headquarters throughout the State that the militia companies then organizing in the different localities need not march to Harrisburg, as the exigency which made it necessary to call out the militia had been surmounted, and all danger of 144 HISTOEY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. invasion passed. On the 20th of September, Gen. Reynolds issued an order that the Pennsylvania mili- tia should return to their own border, and on the 21st orders were issued to break up the military camps on the capitol grounds at Harrisburg. In a short time the men were on the march to the depot, and trains soon began to depart with the troops on their way home. On the 23d, Mayor Kepner was instructed by the Governor to remove the restrictions on travel, and persons were once more free to leave the city without passes. On the 24th the Harrisburg companies, forming part of the First Regiment, which had arrived the evening before, marched through the principal streets of the city, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Robert A. Lamberton. On the same day, Governor Gurtin issued a proclamation, thanking the troops, congrat- ulating them on the character of the service they had rendered, and discharging them from further duty. In this proclamation the Governor said, — " Although not required by the terms of the call to pass the borders of the State, our brave men, unused to the rigors of war and untrained in military movements, not only entered Maryland, hut held Hagers- town against an advancing foe, pressed forward to the Potomac, and resisted the threatened movement of the rebels upon Williamaport, until troops in the United States service arrived and relieved them. Their timely and heroic action has saved the State from the tread of an invading enemy, whose necessities made even military strategy subor- dinate to plunder.'' The brigade which held the position at Williams- port, referred to by Governor Ourtin, was commanded by Col. Henry McCormick, acting' brigadier, and the First Regiment (from Harrisburg) was stationed on the extreme left in the position of honor and danger. After defeating the Northern army under Gen. Hooker at Chancellorsville, May 2 and 3, 1863, Gen. Lee determined if possible to transfer the scene of hostilities north of the Potomac. His design having become apparent at the North, Governor Ourtin, on the 12th of June, issued a proclamation announcing that the President had erected two new departments, one in Eastern Pennsylvania, commanded by Maj.- Gen. D. N. Couch, and the other in Western Penn- sylvania, commanded by Maj.-Gen. Brooks, and urging upon the people of Pennsylvania the importance of immediately raising a sufficient force for the defense of the State. An engineer force began on the 15th the erection of earthworks and other defenses on the Cumherland side of the Susquehanna River, immedi- ately opposite Harrisburg. To these the name of Fort Washington was given. Other works were erected at other points, both along the river and on the different railroads. On the same day Lieut.-Col. Romford, appointed assistant provost-general for the State of Pennsylvania, arrived at Harrisburg and en- tered upon the discharge of his duties, and Governor Curtin issued a proclamation calling for fifty thousand troops to repel the threatened invasion of Pennsyl- vania. A meeting of citizens of Harrisburg was also held at the court-house on the 15th to devise meas- ures for the protection of the city. On motion, Gen. Simon Cameron was called to the chair. After ex- plaining the object of the meeting and urging imme- diate action, Gen. Cameron suggested that committees be appointed to wait upon the Governor and Gen. Couch and ask them to be present and explain what they desired the citizens to do and how to assist in the defense of the city. In accordance with this sug- gestion, George Bergner, Dr. A. Patterson, and Judge McKinney were appointed the committee to wait upon the Governor; William Bostick, Sheriff Boas, and Hon. John C. Kunkel to wait on Gen. Couch. A committee to wait on Maj. Romford was also ap- pointed, consisting of Col. T. C. MacDowell, D. J. Unger, and Weidman Forster. On motion it was re- solved that one hundred scouts be sent up the valley, and Col. F. K. Boas offered the following, which was unanimously adopted : " Resolved, That we individually and collectively pledge the last dollar and last man in defense of the State in its present emergency." . Mr. Bergner, from the committee, introduced the Governor, who explained the state of affairs and urged all to prepare at once for self-defense. Genl Couch was then introduced, and spoke in a similar strain. Col. Kunkel offered a roll which he had pre- pared, the signers of which pledged themselves to defend the city to the uttermost. The roll was at once signed by a large number, headed by Gen. Simon Cameron. Mr. Snyder had prepared a roll calling upon the young men to organize, which was also numerously signed. A call was immediately issued, as follows : " All loyal men who desire to enter the service with the undersignedi will form companies at once and report at my residence, No. 43 North Second Street, in this city, immediately. " Kemember there is no time to lose, as the rebels are now at Hagers- town, and are pushing for this city. Let there be no delay, unless you wish to see the capital of the State and your own firesides laid in waste by the invading rebels." The following notices were issued at the same time : " An persons who wish to join a cavalry company are requested to meet at the livery office of Frank Murray, in Fourth Street near Wal- nut, this evening at seven o'clock, for the purpose of organizing a com- pany." " The members of the I'ourth Ward company of Pennsylvania mi- litia are earnestly urged to meet promptly this evening at seven o'clock at the Hope Engine house to prepare to defend our homes. " B. OuKZOW, Oaptam. " June 15, 1863." " Attention, firemen and citizens of the Fifth and Sixth Wards I A meeting will beheld at the Goodwill Engine house this evening at seven and a half o'clock to form a military company to fight in defense of Harrisburg. " W. K. Verbeke, "Presiimt of the Good Witt Fire Gompmy." " Attention, Eussell Guards I A meeting of Company P, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Begiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, will beheld, at the Hope Engine house this evening at seven o'clock." "The members of Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, are requested to meet at the cap- tain's ofBoe this evening at six o'clock to take action, on the oaU of the Governor for men to repel the threatened invasion of our State " GENEKAL HISTORY. 145 " First City Troop of Han-isburg will meet at the public-house of Quartermaster Peters, Farmers' Hotel, this (Wednesday) evening at seven o'clock. J. B. Boyd, first lieutenant." " The young men of the city of Harrishurg desirous of connecting themselves with an organization' for State defense will meet at Wag- ner's Hotel, corner of Second and Chestnut Streets, this evening at seven o'clock." " "First City Zouaves. — The old members of this corps, and all others desirous of joining the same, are requested to repair to the headquarters at once. . . . Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment, is also cordially invited to join with us in a common cause." " Capt. Val. B. Hummel, late a member of the Anderson Body-Guard, which did such effectual service under Gen. Roaecrans during the year and a half they were with him, is raising a volunteer cavalry company in this city. ... A meeting will be held at the Exchange this evening at seven o'clock for the purpose of organizing the company." " This morning a call was made by Capt. E. C. Wilson, assistant quar- termaster, U.S.A., at this post, for one thousand men to assist in throw- ing up the intrenchments on the opposite side of the river. The en- gineer have already selected the ground for these defenses, and the men as soon as employed are sent over the river and put to work." " Gen. Cameron publicly declared to-day that he was willing to pledge his entire fortune in defraying the expenses of a regiment to assist in repelling this invasion. He made this offer in good faith to pay the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Xtegiment at least as long as it would be required for the present emergency." After this oflfer had been received from Gen. Cam- eron the following notice was issued : "One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. '• Haerisbueg, Pa., "June 15, 1863. "To the men composing the late One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Begiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and all others who desire to aid in the defense of the State in the present emergency : " The enemy are in force at Hagerstown, Md., and are hourly expected to invade the State and destroy by Are and sword our property and lives. Every volunteer and citizen capable of bearing arms Is required to come to the rescue forthwith and defend our State from the intruder. Arrangements have been made for the payment of the troops coming forward under this call, and they will only be required to serve during the present emergency. All are requested to bring with them all the accoutrements they may have, and be uniformed as far as possible. The men will elect the company officers, and the captains will elect the field ofBcers. " William W. Jennings, "iMte Colonel One Hundred and Twenty-sevenlh P. 7." Harrishurg was the general rendezvous of the troops, who, on arriving at the capital, were organized into regiments by Gen. Couch, as part of the army corps of the Susquehanna, which was composed of men who had volunteered " for the protection and defense of public and private property" in the department, to serve during the pleasure of the President or the con- tinuance of the war. On the 18th it was announced that Gen. Milroy had arrived in Harrishurg, and was in consultation with Gen. Couch. On the same day the following notice appeared : " Rally old men ! All persons over forty years of age not attached to other military, organizations, and willing to defend their homes and families on the Cumberland side of the Susquehanna, will meet m front of the Morgan House, corner of Second and Pine Streets, at ten o'clock A.M. on the 19th inst., to organize and appoint their ofBoers and be ready to march at a moment's warning. " A Soldier op 1812." The Twenty-sixth Eegiment of militia, largely com- posed of Harrishurg companies, was organized as rap- 10 idly as possible. In addition to the troops from various portions of Pennsylvania which now began to pour into Harri.sburg, regiments from other States, notably New Jersey and New York, also came to take part in re- sisting the threatened invasion. At 9 A.M. on the 18th, Capt. Dodge, chief mustering officer, commenced mustering the troops at Harrishurg. Those at Camp Curtin were sworn in there, and all others were sworn in on Capitol Hill. On June 19th, at a meeting of citizens too old to be enrolled in the militia, but anxious to do something in defense of their homes and families, at which E. M. Pollock presided, it was " Resolved, That in order to carry out our intention we proceed to elect oflBcers." Maj. John Maglauchlin was elected captain, James Ported first lieutenant, and George Krichbaum sec- ond lieutenant. It was also resolved that we hold ourselves in read- iness to march at the call of the captain, — at one mo- ment's warning. On the same day the following proclamation was issued : "Mayor's Office, "Harrisburg, June 18, 1863. " For the preservation of peace and good order in the city it is en- joined on all keepers of retail liquor establishments and lager beer shops to close their bars precisely at 5 p.m. until 5 a.m. the next morning. The mayor expects from every good citizen a faithful and cordial ob- servance of this order. A. L. Eoumfort, " Mayor" The commandant of Camp Curtin was Gen. James A. Beaver. The Twenty-third New Jersey Eegiment was encamped at Camp Yahoo, in Harris' Park. The police of Harrisburg were reinforced by a company of police from Philadelphia, who were armed with muskets in addition to their other weapons. On June 22d a local journal said, " Troops are con- tinually pouring into this city ; Camp Curtin, Capi- tol Hill, the court-house, and every available avenue is filled with men." On Tuesday, June 16th, the Harrisburg Telegraph did not issue a paper, owing to the enlistment of its compositors. It resumed publi- cation, however, on the following day. On June 22d, Capt. James S. Brisbin was appointed chief of cavalry in the Department of the Susquehanna, and established his headquarters at Camp Curtin. A company known as the Curtin Horse Guard, Capt. Jones, was re- cruited at Harrisburg, and on June 22d was reported as being nearly full. The Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Militia completed its organization on the 23d, and was the first in the field from Camp Curtin under the Governor's call. On the 24th of June news came that the rebels were in the vicinity of Shippensburg, forty-five miles from Harrisburg, and that Gen. Ewell with six bri- gades was about to march on the latter city. " The ■farmers in Cumberland Valley," it was added, " are bringing their horses, cattle, and everything movable across the river, and, unless matters change within 146 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. the next twelve hours, we presume our non-fighting population will again be on the move." On the 25th Capt. Brisbin established a cavalry camp east of the city on the residence of A. Boyd Hamilton, which was known at first as Camp Couch, and afterwards as Camp Brisbin. The 25th was a day of excitement in Harrisburg, owing to the ingress and egress of people from the Cumberland side of the river, who passed through the city and hurried to a place of safety with their valuables. Their numbers were increased by acces- sions of refugees from Harrisburg. In view of the popular agitation. Mayor Eoumfort issued another proclamation closing the taverns and shops of retail dealers, and forbidding the sale of intoxicating liquor until further notice. On the same day the veterans of 1812 called upon Governor Curtin, and tendered their services through Capt. Goslin. The Governor accepted their ofier with grateful acknowledgments. On June 26th, Gen. W. F. Smith was in command of the volunteers on the west bank of the Susque- hanna, and it was stated that the fortifications were progressing favorably. On the same day Capt. Ed- ward De Rue announced that he had been requested by a number of persons residing in Harrisburg to raise a company to be the flank company of any regi- ment to which the members might wish to attach themselves, and stated that he would proceed to do so at once. On the 26th of June, Governor Curtin issued a proclamation announcing that the enemy was ad- vancing in force into Pennsylvania, with a strong column, twenty-three miles from Harrisburg, and other columns moving by Pulton and Adams Coun- ties, and calling for sixty thousand men to come forward promptly to defend the State. On June 27th it was stated that two companies of colored troops had been organized in Harrisburg within a week. One was commanded by Capt. Henry Bradley, the other by Capt. Thomas M. Chester. On the same day, W. K. Verbeke, president of the Good-Will Fire Company, issued a call for persons to attend at the Good- Will Engine House to form a volunteer company. Similar meetings were held at the court- house, where the Sharpshooters organized, and at the Second Ward House, Second and Market Streets. . . . On the 29th it was stated that the fortifications at Harrisburg had been finished, and guns were mounted and ready for action. The Citizen Fire-Engine and Hose Company was impressed into active service for the purpose of supplying the troops at the fortifi- cations with water. Colored men were impressed to do the pumping, under the management of George C. Fager, chief engineer. It was also announced that at the tap of the court-house bell, all men able to bear arms within the city were required to assem- ble at the bridge and attach themselves to some one of the companies organized for the protection of the city. June 29. Capt. J. Wesley Awl issued a notice call- ing upon all persons who had received rifles from the Friendship Engine-house to meet there for the pur- pose of organizing. June 30. It was reported that skirmishing had been going on during the afternoon of the 29th, about five miles from Harrisburg. Several shots were fired by the rebels at Union pickets, without doing any dam- age. It was added that Dr. Malone had established a hospital in the brick tavern at the end of the bridge, west side ; and that Sullivan S. Child had been ap- pointed mustering officer at Harrisburg. Capt. Forster's company, sworn into service on the 29th, was placed on duty near Harrisburg, and on the 30th Capt. F. Asbury Awl's company was placed on duty in the city. The Hope Volunteer Fire Com- pany, Capt. H. H. Hummel, was organized on the same day. July 1. It was stated that the Southern troops had retreated from the vicinity of Harrisburg and were concentrating between Carlisle and Gettysburg. The Confederate movement culminated in the battle of Gettysburg, fought July 1, 2, and 3, 1868, after which Harrisburg was no longer menaced with danger from Gen. Lee's army. The war virtually closed with the surrender of Gen. Lee at Appomattox Oourt-House. The soldiers who had fought on many a field, surviving the bitter con- flict of the fratricidal strife, were looking for the peace which was dawning. In the midst of the joy which was filling the breasts of a great and thankful people, in an unlooked-for hour, the hand of the in- famous assassin felled the Chief Executive of the Union ; Abraham Lincoln fell a martyr to the sworn performance of a high duty. In every portion of the North preparations were being made to celebrate the glorious victory and the return of p.eace. At Harris- burg these were extensive, and the entire county was invited to participate with the State authority. Alas ! how frequently it is realized that " man proposes, but God disposes." The cheer, the joy, and the bright smile gave place very -suddenly to the sorrow and gloom and grief at the loss of the noble Lincoln. On the receipt of the news of the assassination of President Lincoln (April 14, 1865) notice was issued by A. L. Russell, chief marshal of the demonstra- tion to be had at Harrisburg on the 15th, in honor of the victories of the Union army, that the intended procession would be postponed, and all citizens were requested to lower to half-mast the flags provided for the celebration and to drape them in mourning. Citizens were also requested to suspend all business during the day. A public meeting was held at the court-house, which was called to order by Gen. A. L. Russell, who nominated Hon. John J. Pearson as president. Hon. David Fleming and Henry McCormick were chosen vice-presidents, and George W. Crabb and George Bergner, secretaries. The GENERAL HISTORY. U1 meeting was opened with prayer by Kev. J. Walker Jackson, and addresses deploring the calamity were delivered by Mayor Roumfort, Herman Alricks, John C. Kunkel, and Rev. J. W. Jackson. At noon all the bells in the city were tolled, and in the afternoon a religious meeting was held in Locust Street Metho- dist Episcopal Church. A national salute was fired at noon. On Wednesday, April 19th, the day of the obsequies, the business places in Harrisburg were closed from eleven to three o'clock, and guns were fired from Capitol Hill every half hour from sunrise to sunset. The churches were opened from twelve to one o'clock for religious exercises, and the bells were tolled from eleven to twelve and from one to two. The post-office was closed from eleven to three o'clock. A. L. Roum- fort, mayor of Harrisburg, issued a proclamation, re- questing that the bells be tolled and that places of business be closed. On the morning of Wednesday, Governor Curtin received a dispatch from Brig.-Gen. Townsend, acting adjutant-general, stating that the President's remains would leave Washington on Fri- day morning at eight o'clock, to go by way of Balti- more and Harrisburg, and thence to Philadelphia and New York, and inviting the Governor to meet the remains with his staflF at such point as he might desig- nate. Governor Curtin at once replied that he pro- posed to take charge of the remains at the line of the State, and to accompany them until they left the State. He further proposed that they should be placed in the State capitol while in Harrisburg, and added that all military and civic honors would be shown them. In accordance with this arrangement. Gen. Cadwallader, commanding the department of Pennsylvania, was instructed to meet the remains upon their entry within his jurisdiction and accom- pany them to Harrisburg. Governor Curtin then issued the following proclamation : " The remains of the murdered patriot, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, will arrive in the State on Friday evening next on their way to the place of interment in Illinois. They will come from Baltimore to Harrisburg ; thence will on Saturday be conveyed to Phila- delphia, and thence on Monday morning to New York. I shall meet them at the State line and take charge of them while in the common- wealth. I recommend that all business be suspended during their pas- sage through the State, and that the local authorities and people every- where join the State authorities heartily in paying honor to the memory of the martyred statesman who has fallen a victim to the savage treason of assassins. " By the Governor. "Eli Slifer, " Secretary of the CommonweaUh. "A. G. OURTIN." At one o'clock on Friday Governor Curtin and staflF left Harrisburg for the State border, there to receive the remains of the murdered President. He was ac- companied by Maj.-Gen. George Cadwallader and Maj.-Gen. Heintzelman. The funeral train reached the west bank of the Susquehanna at half-past eight o'clock on Friday evening, and its arrival was an- nounced by the report of a cannon from Capitol Hill. This was immediately followed by the ringing of bells, and the people began to flock to the court-house. An immense assembly soon collected at this point, and at the railroad depot there was another great gathering of people. As soon as the train stopped the pall- bearers, in connection with the officers charged with the duty of guarding the body from Washington to Springfield, took charge of the coffin and deposited it on the hearse which had been specially constructed for the occasion. It was drawn by four white horses led by sergeants acting as grooms. The body was escorted to the capitol by a procession headed by Col. Henry McCormick, chief marshal, with Cols. H. C. Alle- man, E. C. Williams, and W. W. Jennings, and Maj. David McCormick as aids. Then came the clergy of Harrisburg, and then the hearse. Following the latter came a number of leading citizens, including Mayor Roumfort, and then the Governor and his staff. These were followed by the State authorities, including members of the Legislature, judges of the courts, members of the bar, Common Council of Har- risburg, Committee of Arrangements, delegations from abroad, soldiers of the war of 1812, honorably dis- charged soldiers of the civil war, fire department, civic associations, secret societies, etc. There was also a military escort of artillery and cavalry, and the Six- teenth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps, Pennsylva- nia Volunteer Infantry, under the command of Col. T. S. M ather. Th eroute of the procession was illuminated by means of chemical lights. When the head of the line reached the west gate of the capitol, the cavalry and artillery in the escort drew up in open order, while the infantry and civic portion of the column proceeded to the capitol in charge of the hearse. There was an immense gathering of people on Capitol Hill, and notwithstanding the storm which prevailed during the night, the greater portion of the mass of human beings that awaited the arrival of the remains was composed of ladies. At half past nine o'clock the corpse was placed on the catafalque erected for its reception immediately in front of the clerk's desk in the House of Representatives. As soon as the lid of the coffin had been removed, the doors for ingress and the windows for egress were opened, and the throng began to pour in. All the trains which arrived at Harrisburg Friday night and Saturday morning were crowded with people from every portion of the State anxious to obtain a view of the remains. On Saturday morning a wreath and cross of flowers from the ladies of Harrisburg were placed on the coffin. At ten o'clock the doors of the rotunda were closed, and soon after the funeral procession moved to the depot, where the remains were placed on the train for Philadelphia. And thus the war closed, save when the troops re- turned to their homes, but the gladness of the wel- coming was saddened by the memories of a martyred President. 148 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. CHAPTER XXIV. The War for the Union (continued)— OfBcers from Dauphin County in ^ other Pennsylvania Kegim en ta— Dauphin County in the Three Months' Service— The First, Second, Tenth, Fifteenth, and Twenty-fifth Eegi- mente. [Foe the rolls herewith given and the major por- tion of the history connected therewith, we are in- debted to the " History of the Pennsylvania Volun- teers, 1861-65," published by the State, As these rolls and accounts contain so many inaccuracies we were in hopes of having the record of each organiza- tion carefully revised. In several instances this has been done by the survivors of the organization. In others where it has been just as important we have failed to secure the desired aid. The present was an opportunity to have all errors corrected, but those familiar therewith who have neglected to take any interest in this matter are alone responsible for per- petuating blunders of fact or opinion.] OFFICERS FROM DAUPHIN COUNTY IN OTHER PENNSYLVA- NIA REGIMENTS. General Officers — 1861. Aide-de-Camp to Maj.-Gen. Keim. Thomaa J. Jordan. Brigadier' General. Edward 0. Williams. Brigade Inspector. Joseph F. Knipe. Second Regiment (Three Mqnths' Service). A^'ntant. Isaac S. Waturbury, April 20, 1861. Eleventh Regiment. Adjutant. F. Asbury Awl, April 26, 1861. Assistant Bmrgeon. Henry B. Buehler, April 26, 1861. New Eleventh Regiment. Adjutant. Arthur F. Small, Jan. 1, 1863, Quartermaster. Allen L. Jacobs, June 3, 1863; died of disease Oct. 18, 1863. Captain Company D. ■William E. Lees, March 6, 1862. ' Twenty-third Regiment. Assistant Burgeon. Henry S. OollBton, Sept. 13, 1861. Twenty-sixth Regiment. Burgeon. ^ Solomon S. Sl^ultz, June 23, 1863. Thirty-second Regiment. Assistant Surgeon. Henry S. Colston, Oct. 24, 1861. Thirty-fourth Regiment. Colonel. Seneca G. Simmons, June 20, 1861 ; killed in battle of Charles City OrosB-RoadB, Va., June 30, 1862. Thirty-seventh Regiment. Assistant Burgeon. F. 0. Alleman, Apfil 7, 1862. First Lieutenant Compa/wy B. V\^illiam M. Carter, April 25, 1861 ; killed in battle of South Moun- tain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. Thirty-eighth Regiment, Assistant Surgeon. F. 0. Alleman, Aug. 29, 1862. Forty-first Regiment. Quartermaster. James T. Woodall, Sept. 22, 1862. First Lieutenant Company G. George Huber, June 30, 1862. Forty-thied Regiment. Major. Theodore Miller, Jan. 1, 1865. Assistant Burgeon. James R. Reily, July 27, 1861. First Lieutenant Battery F. Henry L. Gotold, Feb. 28, 1862 ; died Sept. 22, 1862, of wounds. Captain Battery E, Jacob M. Barr, Aug. 3, 1861. Theodore Miller, March 3, 1862. Forty-fourth Regiment. Assistant Surgeon. James B. Finney, Aug. 13, 1861. Forty-fifth Regiment, Assistant Surgeon. Robert R. Weistling, Aug. 11, 1862. Forty-sixth Regiment. Colonel. Joseph F. Knipe, Aug. 1, 1861 ; pro. to brig.-gen, Nov. 29, 1862; hon. disch. May 8, 1863. A(ijutant. George W. Boyd, Sept. 17, 1861. First Lieutenant Company G. James Madison Miller, Aug. 16, 1862 ; died of disease June 18, 1863, Captain Company I, John Case, May 10, 1863. lirst Lieutenant Company L John H. Knipe, May 10, 1863 ; died of wounds received in action at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. Forty-seventh Regiment. Captain Company H. William Wallace Geety, from 1st lieut. Sept. 19, 1864. Forty-ninth Regiment, Captain Compmiy I. Calvin LeWitt, Sept, 14, 1861, Second Lieutenant. Daniel Rhoads, May 11, 1864. Fifty-first Regiment. Adjutant. Jacob H, Santo, from 2d lieut. Nov, 3, 1864. Fifty-fifth Rf,giment. John Gatshall, from capt. March 25, 1866. Second Lieutenant Company K. Henry W. Fox, Oct. 24, 1862. Fifty-seventh Regiment. Colonel. George Zurn, Feb. 1, 1865; appointed brev. brig.-gen. April 6, 1865. Fifty-ninth Regiment. Assistant Burgeon. Samuel R. Nissley, March 29, 1865. Sixty-second Regiment. Assistant Surgeon. W. D. Martin, March 17, 1863. Sixty-fourth Regiment. Captain Company M. John C. Harper, from 1st lieut. Co. B Nov. 15, 1864; killed in action Feb. 6, 1865, at Hatcher's Run, Va. Seventy-fourth Regiment. Assistant Burgeon. G. T. Wiseman, Dec. 31, 1861. Seventy-sixth Regiment, Surgeon. Charles W. Backhus (no date). GENERAL HISTORY. 149 Second Lieutenant Company E. Edwin H. Hickock, Nov. 21, 1861. FirH Lieutenant Company S. Peter Houaer, from 2d lieut. Jan. 1, 1865. Second Lieutenant Companij H. Henry Huflfer, July 1, 1865. Seventy-eighth Regiment. Second lAeutenant Company D. Samuel M. Mitchell, Feb, 18, 1865. Eightieth Regiment. Ciiptain Compcmy K. Frederick H. Geety, Nov. 16, 1864. CapUdn Company M. Daniel W. Rank, from Ist lieut. Sept. 15, 1864. Eighty-first Regiment. Surgeon. H. S. ColBton, Aug. 19, 1862. A68iatant Surgeons. J. P. Kimbell (no date). J. B. Beshler, June 10, 1862. Eighty-third Regiment. Adjutant. B. M. Frank, 31ay 5, 1S65. Eighty-foukth Regiment. Lieutenant- Colonels. Thomaa 0. McDowell, Aug. 30, 1861. George Zurn, May 10, 1864; must, out with consolidated regt. as col. June 29, 1865. Adjutant. Edmund Mather, Jan. 18, 1863. First Lieutenant Company H. Alexander Ramsey Nininger, from 2d lieut. Aug. 6, 1862. Second Lieutenant Company K. John W. Taylor, Sept. 14, 1861. ' Eighty-seventh Regiment. Adjutant. William K. Parker, June 16, 1865. Ninety-second Regiment. Colonels. Edward C. Williams, Oct. 20, 1861. Thomas J. Jordan, Jan. 13, 1863 ; appointed brev. hrig.-gen. Feb. 25, 1865 ; must, out with regiment July 18, 1565. Lieutenant- Colonel. Edward G. Savage, from maj. Feb. 13, 1863. Majors. John S. Detweiler, Feb. 13, 1863. John F. Miller, May 11, 1865. Quartermaster, William D. Earnest (no date). CJiaplain. Ed. McKenney, Nov. 20, 1861. First Lieutenant Company G. William Keiser, June 16, 1865. Captain Company H. Thomas W. Jordan, from 1st. lieut. June 16, 1865. Second Lieutenant Company L. Jacob F. Bassler, April 22, 1863. First LieiUenant Company K. Douglass Edwards, Nov. 24, 1861. Second Lieutenant Company L. John W. Wyetts, May 31, 1864. Ninety^-third Regiment. (See History of Lebanon County.) Surgeon, E. R. TJmberger, Oct. 14, 1863 ; must, out with regiment June 27, 1865. Ninety-fifth Regiment. First Lieutenant Company G. John Williams, from 2d lieut. Feb. 11, 1865. Ninety-sixth Regiment. Assistant Swrgeons. Isaac R. Shammo, July 31, 1862. William H. Egle, Sept. 13, 1862. Mnjor. One Hundred and Seventh Regiment. Henry J. Sheafer, Dec. 21, 1862 ; appointed brev. lieut.-col. and brev, col. First Lieutenant Company D. George W. Huff, from 2d lieut. March 19, 1864; appointed brev. capt. Captain Company F. Oscar Templeton, from Ist lieut. April 3, 1863. Oxe Hundred and Twelfth Regiment. Assistant Surgeon. James A. Lowe, July 1, 1862. One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment. Colonel. Marcus A. Reno, "U.S.A., Dec. 20, 1864; appointed brev. brig.-gen. March 13, 1865. Lieutenant- Colonel. James A. Gongdon, from maj. Dec. 20, 1864. Assistant Surgeon. 0. Douglas Forster, May 8, 1865. Captain Company H. John R. Fisher, Nov. 20, 1861. Captain Company L. Elmer F. Jenning, from 1st lieut. Sept. 7, 1862. One Hundred and Thirty-first Regiment. Colonel. Peter H. Allabach, Aug. 16, 1862. One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiment. Adjutant. John E. Carsons, Aug. 29, 1862; appointed capt. and asat. a(yt.-geu. June 31, 1864. One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment. Captain Company G. James B. King, from 1st lieut. April 13, 1864. One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Regiment. Assistant Surgeon. John P. Seller, March 26, 1865. ■ One Hundred and Sixtieth Regiment. Assistant Surgeon. George F. Mish, Oct. 2, 1862. One Hundred and Sixty-third Regiment. Lieutenant- Colonel. James Gowan, March 28, 1862. One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Regiment. Assistant Surgeon. William B. Henderson, Nov. 19, 1862. One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Regiment. Colonel. George B. Wiestling, Nov. 20, 1862. Adjutant. John G. Wiestling, Dec. 1, 1862. Quartermaster. Jacob Mish, Nov. 29, 1862. Second Lieutenant Company F. Joseph B. Garber, Nov. 22, 1862. One Hundred and Eighty-first Regiment, First Lieutenant Company L. Henry Lebo, from 2d lieut. Feb. 25, 1865 ; killed in action at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Regiment. Lieutenant- Colonel. Charles Klechner, Oct. 13, I864 150 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Second Lieutenant Company C. Thomas M. Ditty, April 14, 1865. Second Lieutenant Company D. Joseph H. Bryan, May 12, 1864. One Hundeed and Eighty-seventh Reqikent. Colonel, John B. Parsons, from lieut.-col. May 1, 1865. One Hundred and Ninety-first Eegiment. A^utant. William Hamilton, Sept. 5, 1864. One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Regiment. Qiuirtermaeter. H. C. Demming, July 21, 1864. Captain Company F. William R. Jones, July 20, 1864. One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Regiment. Mret I/ieiitenant Company B. Daniel K. Kepner, Feb. 25, 1865. Two Hundred and Third Regiment. Surgeon. 0. W. Ba«khus, Sept. 30, 1864. Two Hundred and Fifth Regiment. Captain Company G. B. D. Wilt, Sept. 2, 1864. Two Hundred and Tenth Regiment. Colonel. Edward L. Witman, from lieut.-col. April 12, 1866. Major, Solomon B. Bowerman, from capt. Co. A April 12, 1866. Quartermaster. Charles F. Kuhnle, Sept. 20, 1864. Second Lieutenant Company B. James Jenks, Oct. 6, 1864. First Lieutenants Company H. William P. Miller, Sept. 20, 1864. George W. Garber, May 16, 1866. Bec&nd Lieutenant Company S. Philip Wentz, May 16, 1866. Firet Lieutenant Company K. Alonzo A. Oarr, from 2d lieut. April 2, 1866. Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Militia. George F. Mish, Sept. 13, 1862. Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Militia. Miyor. S. P. Auchmutz, Sept. 15, 1862. Twenty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Militia. Colonel. George B. Wisstling, Sept. 21, 1862. Thirty-sixth Regiment (Ninety Days). Colonel. Henry 0. Alleman, July 4, 1863. Quartermaster. Clement B. Oarr, July 4, 1863. Assistant Surgeon. Peter G. Roebnok, July 4, 1863. Jamea Robertson, July 7, 1863. Thirty-ninth Regiment (Ninety Days). ' George T. Wiseman, July 7, 1863. Forty-seventh Regiment (Ninety Days). Burgeon. William H. Egle, July 11, 1863. First Battalion (One Hundred Days). First Lieutenant Company H. 1. W. Woodburn, July 22, 1864. Second Lieutenant Company H. Jeremiah W. Keener, July 22, 1864. Independent Mounted Infantry. Second Lieutenant. J. W. Bllinger, Nov. 3, 1864. FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. On the 20th of April the First Pennsylvania Eegi- ment of volunteer militia for the service of the na- tional government was organized. Previous to the receipt of marching orders the men were furnished with muskets and muslin haversacks, and provided with hard-tack and bacon and about twelve round of ball-cartridge, which, for want of cartridge-boxes, were carried in their pockets. On the night of the 20th of April the regiment, under the command of Brig.-Gen. George C. Wynkoop, left Harrisburg and proceeded to a point near Oockeysville, on the Northern Cen- tral Railroad. This movement was made with the design of protecting the bridges on this road and eventually of opening communication with Wash- ington, which, since the passage of the Massachu- setts troops, had been broken. But, upon the repre- sentation of leading public men of Maryland that a military occupation and a resort to violent measures at this time might precipitate a collision and lead to the secession of the State, the authorities ordered a retrograde movement, and on the following Monday evening the command retired to Camp Scott, near the town of York. The regiment remained there, drill- ing in anticipation of immediate service in the field, until the 14th of May, when it was detailed to guard the Northern Central Railroad from the Pennsylva- nia line to Druid Park, near Baltimore. On the 25th of May, having been relieved by the Twelfth Pennsylvania Regiment, Col. Campbell, it was ordered to move to Catonsville, Maryland, to guard the roads leading to Frederick City and Har- per's Ferry. Tents and camp equipage were here supplied, which had hitherto been wanting, all efforts to obtain them having proved fruitless. On the 29th it was ordered to advance about five miles to the village of Franklintown, where it was posted, and remained guarding the same avenues as before. On the 3d of June the regiment was ordered to Chambersburg to join the forces there concentrating. It was placed in camp, remaining several days, en- gaged in drill and field discipline. It was assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division of Gen. Patterson's army. The brigade was soon after or- dered to Hagerstown, and advanced to and en- camped near the village of Funkstown. While at this place upon one occasion the whole encamp- ment was aroused at midnight in anticipation of the enemy and hurriedly marched to Williamsport, on the Potomac, which was reached at day-break. Re- maining until the following evening, no enemy being discovered, it was ordered to return to camp, reaching it about midnight. The regiment was here supplied with new uniforms. Previous to this time the men GENERAL HISTORY. 151 had suffered for the want of adequate clothing, though the destitution had been greatly relieved by a partial supply sent by kind friends at Easton. A few days later, on the 21st of June, orders were received from the commanding general to prepare three days' cooked rations, and, taking transporta- tion and ten days' rations, to move with all possible dispatch and occupy Frederick, Maryland. In obe- dience to this order the regiment struck tents the same evening, and on the 22d arrived at Frederick and reported to Governor Hicks. The regiment remained here about two weeks, constantly improv- ing in field exercises and military discipline. It was next ordered to Martinsburg, Virginia. Return- ing through Boonsborough, it encamped the same night on Kennedy's farm, and on the following day arrived at Williamsport. Fording the Potomac, it advanced to Falling Waters. Next day, resuming the march, it arrived at Martinsburg, meeting the whole division commanded by Gen. Patterson. When, on the 14th of July, the division under Gen. Patterson moved towards Bunker Hill, the First Regiment, in obedience to this order, remained at Martinsburg, which had now become the base of sup- ply. Two days later the regiment was ordered to Charlestown, where it again met and rejoined the di- vision. Here, on the 17th of July, an order was re- ceived to have the men prepared with ten days' cooked rations in haversacks, and be ready to move without baggage. On this day if had been arranged that a battle should be fought by the army under McDowell, but was delayed till four days later. The plan of campaign, as disclosed by the orders of the general-in-chief, contemplated that the army under Patterson should keep in front of the enemy and prevent his advance into Maryland or Pennsyl- vania, and make demonstrations in favor of the army operating under McDowell in front of Washington, with a conditional purpose of striking the enemy a damaging blow, if a favorable opportunity offered. These demonstrations were continued till it was .sup- posed that the contemplated battle before Washing- ton had been fought. Gen. Scott had given notice to Gen. Patterson that the movement would com- mence on the 16th, again that it had been commenced on the 17th, and finally that the decisive battle would be fought on the 18th. On the 21st, the regiment was ordered to move to Harper's Ferry, from whence, on the 23d, it marched to Sandy Hook, and on the same evening took the train for Harrisburg, where the men were honorably discharged and mustered out. During the time that the regiment was in service, it did not participate in any battles ; but its timely arrival in the field accomplished much good by check- ing any rash movement on the part of rebels in arms along our borders. The duties it was called upon to perform were faithfully done, and its good conduct, under all circumstances, was appreciated and ac- knowledged by its superior officers. BOLL OF COMPANY B, FIRST KBGIMENT (THEEE MONTHS' SERVICE). Recruited at Karnahujrg and mustered m April 18, 1861. Captain, Jacob M. Byster. — i First Lieutenant. George W. P. Davie. Second Lieutenant, J. Wesley Awl. Sergeants. 1. Isaac R. Dunkleberger. "^ 3, Samuel Eberly. 2. Charles A. Stoner. ^ 4. Valentine R. Hummel. '" Corporals, 1. George W. McAllister. 3. Levi Weaver, Jr. ^- 2. James A. Carman. 4. Daniel Barr. John William Bush. Black, Thomas J. Boughter, John. ■' Brady, John C. Bell, Robert F. Carman, Franklin H. Child, Sullivan S. Draker, John. Drumers, John K. Eck, Ellis L. Ehrman, Robert F. Embiok, Elijah S. Grey, William Henry. Geety, William W. l Galbraith, John F. Grier, Robert D. Gardner, Thomas A. Heikel, Henry. Hicks, Josiah B. Hummel, W. H. H. ^ Hass, Jerome. ^^ Hooper, Penbrooke. Hynicka, John M. ,, Housechilt, Henry; ^^ Hoppy, Emanuel. ^ Hummel, Jacob, t Knepley, Edward C. ^ Kune, James B. l Kuhn, Amos R. f Kirkpatrick, William. Longnecker, Andrew J. Longnecker, William. ^ Leib, Sobieski. Musicians. David Hummel. ^^ Ludwig, Peter. McComus, John. Miller, Conrad. McConnell, Henry 0. Mager, Allen C. McCollum, John. Mish, Henry A. . Miles, Harrison W. McCoy, William F. McCallen, Thomas. MoClune, Thomas. Nellie, Thomas. Parkhill, William A. Pennirman, Robert. Pipher. Henry. , Roat, John. >^^ Raymond, Jacob H. Rutherford, Samuel. Ringler, William A. Rapp, William R, Reynolds, George. Roth, John E. L. - ' Suydam, Charles A. Sullivan, John H. Shetfer, Theodore K. Swartz, Henry A. M. i Tunis, Edwin T. Weirman, Samuel F. ' Waterhouse, Harper C. Weichel, Jacob S. Wilt, Jacob. Winters, Amos. SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. The Second Regiment was formed from companies hastily recruited in obedience to the call for volun- teers. Recruiting commenced on the 15th of April, 1861 , and as fast as companies and squads were ac- cepted they reported at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg. On the 21st of April, the officers of ten companies were ordered to hold an election at York for field officers of a regiment, at which the following were chosen and duly commissioned : Frederick S. Stum- baugh, of Chambersburg, colonel ; Thomas Welsh, of Columbia, lieutenant-colonel ; James Given, from captain of Company G, of West Chester, major. Isaac S. Waterbury was appointed adjutant. On the evening of Saturday, April 20th, the same day on which the regiment was organized, it left Har- 152 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. risburg by rail for Washington, but halted at Cock- eysville, Md., at daylight on Sunday morning, the railroad bridge at that point having been destroyed. After remaining in bivouac and under arms for about forty-eight hours, the regiment was ordered back to York, Pa., where it remained in camp of instruction till the first day of June, when the command was ordered to Chambersburg. In the army organization which here ensued, the Second Regiment was as- signed to the Second Brigade of the Second Divis- ion. Gen. Robert Patterson had been assigned by Gov- ernor Curtin on the 16th of April to the command of Pennsylvania troops, and a few days thereafter, while busily engaged in organizing and sending them for- ward to points threatened, he was, by the order of Lieut.-Gen. Scott, placed in command of the " De- partment of Washington," embracing the States of Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and the District of Columbia, with headquarters at Philadelphia. The quota of Pennsylvania troops, with an excess of some ten regiments, having been organized and placed in the field, and all the lines of communication lead- ing to Washington having been opened and securely guarded. Gen. Patterson proceeded, on the 2d of June, to Chambersburg, where a camp had been formed under Maj.-Gen. William H. Keim, and as- sumed command, with the design of operating against the rebel army in the Shenandoah Valley, which was now threatening the contiguous parts of Maryland and Pennsylvania. As early as the 20th of June, Gen. Scott had re- quested Gen. Patterson to propose to him a plan of operations. On the 21st the latter submitted one, which in substance proposed to occupy Maryland Heights with a brigade, and to fortify and arm with heavy artillery ; to make Frederick, Md., the base of supply, with a guard which should act as a sustain- ing force to the command on Maryland Heights ; to send all other available force, horse, foot, and artil- lery, across the Potomac to unite with Col. Stone at Leesburg, to operate from that point as circhmstances should demand. This plan was not approved by Gen. Scott, and on the 25th of June he gave per- emptory orders to Gen. Patterson to keep in front of the enemy while he remained in force between Win- chester and the Potomac. The army having been ordered to move to Williamsport, the Second Regi- ment broke camp at Chambersburg on the 16th of June, and moving by rail to Hagerstown, went into camp at the village of Funkstown. Remaining here until the 23d, it was ordered forward towards the Potomac and encamped about four miles from the river. Crossing the Potomac with Gen. Patterson's combined army on the 2d of July, it advanced to Martinsburg. The enemy, having been pushed back from point to point, had finally established himself in an intrenched camp at Winchester. On the 15th of July, leaving two regiments at Martinsburg to guard his supplies. Gen. Patterson marched with the remainder of his force to Bunker Hill, driving John- ston's advanced guard from the place, and on the 16th of July, the day on which, according to the telegrams of Gen. Scott, Beauregard was to be at- tacked at Manassas, he made a demonstration in force, driving the enemy's pickets in upon his main line. On the 17th of June, Gen. Patterson trans- ferred his whole command by a rapid movement to Charlestown. The term of service of the Second Regiment having already expired, it moved on the 23d of July from Charlestown, and marching to Har- per's Ferry, was taken by rail to Harrisburg, where, on the 26th of July, it was mustered out of service. KOIiL OF COMPANY I, SECOND REGIMENT (THREE MONTHS' SERVICE). Recruited at Sarrisburg, and mustered in April 20, 1861. Captain. William B. SipeB. First Lieutenant. Henry Davis. Second Lieutenant. Charles C. Davis. 1. Robert S. Boyd. 3. Lewis Kurtz. 2. Joel Landam. 4. Henry H. Lutz. Corporals. 1. Samuel S. Davis. 3. Jamea A. Johnson. 2. Samuel Bernheieel. 4. John D. Black. ' Musicians. John Fox. John Davis. Privates. Allen, Lot B. Long, Jerome. Barringer, Jacob P. Lucas, George W. Bates, Martin G. McCormick, Levi. Bates, John. McGinley, Edward L. Brestle, Henry. McGinley, Daniel. Curry, Thomas. McKinley, Joseph R. Crabb, George W., Jr. McCarroll, Hugh. CriBt, Addison. Mara, Michael. Carichner, 'William. Mochermau, Solomon. Carichner, Godfrey. Mocherman, William. Colie, Edward. Martin, David. Davis, James. Matzbaiigher, William Dinwiddie, John. MuUin, John. Daly, Benjamin. Mish, Simon Cameron. Eitelbush, Peter F. Miller, Alexander S. Faugel, Frederick. Miller, Porter. Fauvil, James. Mack, John. Forgy, John F. Murry, John. Flnnegan, Patrick. Mountz, John G. Frost, William. Milligan, Joseph. Geety, Frederick H. Myera. William. Gilroy, William. Nixon, Robert. Henderson, William. Neff, Henry. Harveyt James. Paulis, George. Hippel, Charles F. Rickard, David. Hoover, William H. Robinson, William. Hoyer, Joseph H. Starry, George W. Hoffman, Henry. Spayd, William F. Johnson, Frederick. Tierney, Felix. Kline, George W. Walton, Frank. Loyer, Jacob. Wyninge, Hiram J. GENERAL HISTORY. 153 ROLL OF COMPANY F, TENTH KEGIMENT (THREE MONTHS' SERVICE). Recruited at LyJcenSj ami mustered in April 26, 1861. Captain. Edward G. Savage. First Lieutenant. Jacob Alvord. Second Lieutenant. George Hain. 1. Robert Bainbridge. 2. Samuel Thompson. 1. William Keiser. 2. John Davis. George "W. Clark. Bordner, Jacob. Bowman, John A. Buchen, John. Bailey, 'William. Brown, Edward. Brown, Isaiah. Bossier, Jacob F. Bicfcley, John. Carpenter, Thomas B. Dietrick, Henry. Deitrick, Thomas 1. Eby, William. Fox, Henry W. Fox, David. Ferree, James M. Forney, John W. Fortman, Edward J. Feindt, Henry. Gratz, John C, Gable, Levi. Grahn, Samuel. Hoffman, Michael, Jr. Hoober, Daniel. Hart, James M. Hawk, Jeremiah. Hoffman, Michael, Sr. Harper, Willard G. Israel, Daniel. Jeneskey, Joseph. Keiser, Alexander. Long, John L. Lucas, Peter. 3. Franklin Douden. 4. Henry Keiser. Corporals. 3. Joel Myers. 4. Benjamin Rissler, Musicians. Jonathan Hoffman. Privates. Matter, John L. Miller, David. Matter, Henry 0. Myers, George. McCarty, John. Mumma, Samuel. Matter, Emanuel. Niblo, Theophilus. Porter, John. Polm, Michael. Roberts, Joseph . Rumberger, John. Renner, Michael. Rudisill, Solomon. Robinson, David, Shindler, Frederick. Spangler, John H. Spangler, Cyrus. Shell, Jacob. Smith, Jacob R. Saylor, David. Sieger, Cyrus. Stuart, Cornelius. Smink, Reuben. Sparks, John. Schell, Samuel. Workman, David. Wagner, George H. Witman, Joseph. Weaver, John J. Walter, William. Teager, John H. FIFTEENTH RESIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUN- TEERS. The " Verbeke Eifles/' constituting Company E of the Fifteenth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volun- teers, was emphatically a Harrisburg company, and although the third in the field from the city of Har- risburg, is claimed as the first volunteer organization of the county raised under the President's first call for troops to put down the Eebellion. The Cameron Guards and the State Guards were both militia organ- izations, and were recruited to their maximum number after the President's first proclamation for volunteers was issued, and they formed constituent parts of the First and Second Eegiments of Pennsylvania Volun- teers. The patriotism of William F. Verbeke, Esq., of Harrisburg, was fired by the treasonable attack of the rebels on Fort Sumter, and promptly, on the call of the government for volunteers to defend her honor, Mr. Verbeke was foremost in the good work at Har- risburg in recruiting men for the military service. He was untiring in his energy, and lavish in the expend- iture of his money in raising troops for the govern- ment. He quartered and fed the recruits at his own expense, and threw wide open the doors of his private residence to soldiers generally, generously feeding the hungry, lodging the weary, and nursing the sick. The compliment of naming the company in his honor and giving him the nomination of its ofiicers was most worthily bestowed upon a true patriot, a generous- hearted and most exemplary citizen. The nomina- tions of John Nevin for captain, H. C. Alleman for first lieutenant, and Henry Lyne for second lieuten- ant were unanimously ratified by the company. The company marched into Camp Curtin on the 30th of April, and were at once mustered into the United States service by Capt. Seneca G. Simmons, U.S.A., for the period of three months. The Verbeke Eifles completed the organization of the regiment, and its colonel, E. A. Oakford, was placed in command of Camp Curtin, and Lieut. Alleman was made post- adjutant. The regiment was ordered to Lancaster, Pa., and on the' 13th of May encamped on the Fair Grounds near that city, where they were formed into a brigade under Gen. James S. Negley. Here they drilled until the 3d of June, when they embarked for Chambersburg, going into camp about six miles be- yond that town, where they remained one week, and then marched to Hagerstown, Md., where they formed a part of the Second Division, under Maj.-Gen. Keim. Near this town they encamped a few days, and then marched to the Potomac Eiver, near Williamsport, on the famous battle-field of Antietam, where some of them afterwards fell in that sanguinary struggle. On the 1st of July they forded the Potomac Eiver at Wil- liamsport, under Maj.-Gen. Patterson, and constituted a portion of the reserve at the battle of Falling Waters. They occupied Martinsburg on the following day, and celebrated the 4th of July by placing the "stars and stripes" on the Berkeley County court-house. Halt- ing here a few days while armed recognizances were constantly thrown out to feel the whereabouts and strength of the enemy, a march to Bunker Hill was made, driving in the pickets of the rebel general, Jo- seph E. Johnston, who was found strongly fortified at Winchester, as was demonstrated by our recognizance. After a rest here of two days the army made a demon- stration against Johnston's lines and then directed to the left, occupying Charlestown on the 12th of July, where they remained until the following Sunday, when they marched homewards and occupied Harper's Ferry, hearing distinctly the booming of the distant cannon at the battle of Bull Eun. Eemaining one week at Harper's Ferry, the regiment marched back to Ha- gerstown, and were mustered out of service at Carlisle 154 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. on the following 8th of August, when they were paid off in gold. This company lost three of its men by death. Lieut. Lyne resigned just previous to the regi- ment crossing the Potomac, and was succeeded by First Sergt. Samuel Wolfe, who was afterwards, as a lieutenant of the Forty-sixth Regiment, killed at the head of his command. During the last two months of their term of service Capt. Nevin and Lieut. Alle- man acted upon a general court-martial in conjunc- tion with their company duties, Lieut. Alleman being the judge-advocate of the court. With scarcely an ex- ception all of the survivors of this company returned to the field, and while many of them became distin- guished for gallantry, nearly all of them were promoted during the war to the grades of line-officers, while some of them reached the highest rank of field-officers. The Verbeke Rifles did their full duty, and its mem- bers acquitted themselves in subsequent organizations with credit to themselves, and honor to the good old county of Dauphin. ROLL OF COMPANY E, FIFTEENTH REGIMENT (THREE MONTHS' SERVICE). BecruUed at Ha/msbwg^ and mvstered m May 1, 1861. Captain. John Nevin. IKrst Lieutenant. H. 0. Alleman. Henry Lyne. 1. leaac G. Black. 2. DaDiel J. Graver. 1. Anthony W. Black. 2. James McLeer. W^illiam Ehler. Agle, Jacob. 4.yrea, Charles. Alleman, Frederick 0. Black, David. Black, George F. Buchanan, Porter. Brooks, Henry. Bratton, Albert P. Blesh, David. Brumbaugh, James. Campbell, Patrick. Connelly, Thomas. Garter, Lewis. Deibler, Levi. Deratine, George A. Dunkle, Peter. Elliott, James. Ettien, Philip. Foster, Daniel. Grnbb, John H. Givler, Benjamin. Gibson, William L. dross, Samuel. Hetrick, Jacob D. Hackett, James J. Harrison, John G. Hendrickson, Ellis S. Jackson, Cyrus. Secmid Lieutenants. Samuel Wolf. 3. Daniel Basehore. 4. Christopher Gould. Corporals. 3. Benjamin F. Bowman. 4. George B. Egle. Musunans. George W. Monroe. Privates. Knipe, John. Kuhn, Albert J. Kilburn, Michael. Killing, John. Lechler, Anthony. Lessick, Samuel. Lowe, Jacob. McGrath, Patrick. Martin, Jacob. McLaughlin, Peter. Menges, Michael. McNiff, Patrick. McKnight, John A. Mott, Joseph. Marshall, John B. Mumma, David H. Price, John. Powell, Edward. Patton, William. Pratt, Samuel. Bupley, James. Roberts, Peter T. Reiss, John Baltzer. Rush, Chrietiau. Rees, James. Rice, Edward. Renter, Martin. Shauer, Jacob V. Shindle, Isaac. Snyder, Simon. Stabler, John R. Swineford, Oscar. Stechley, William H. Stine, John N. Tearney, John. Thomas, Lorenzo. Weaver, George. Winters, Joseph. Wills, William C. Wyant, Jeremiah. ROLL OF COMPANY F, TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT {THREE MONTHS' SERVICE). Recruited at Harriehirg, and mustered m Maiy 2, 1861. Henry McCormick. Mret Lieutenant. William W. Jennings. Second Lieutenant. George W. Fisher. 1. James R. Kemble. 2. George William Boyd. 1. Eugene Snyder. 2. Henry C. Doll. Aldricks, William K. Armstrong, William W. Andrews, Zachary T. Bigler, John A. Brooke, Jacob P. Bolmer, Benjamin F. Boyd, Jacob M. Cathcart, Thomas L., Jr. Care, John. Carson, William H. Conrad, James. Corl, George V. DeHaven, William H. Doan, Aaron. Elder, John. Ensminger, John T. Foster, Andrew J. Fry, John W. Fuller, George W. Ootshall, John. Greenawalt, Theodore D. Humphries, Guy C. Hickok, Edmund H. Humes, Thomas J. Houston, William F. Hyers, William H. Hill, Richard. Horning, George. Henderaon, Samuel J. Hallock, William D. P. Jones, Ephraim N. Mager, John C. 3. Henry Potts, Jr. 4. George A. Brooks. Corporals. 3. Joshua W. Muench. 4. John M. Major. Privates. Myers, George. Myers, William A. Mitchell, Joseph J. Mather, Edmund. Martin, Thomas A. Pollock, Edwin. Piatt, Charles N. Pilkay, Joseph J. Parke, John B. Pickering, Henry Y. Rohrer, Jacob. Rice, George. Royer, John W. Rnat, Abraham. Rawn, Charles C, Jr. Rhodes, John. Robinson, Peter. Santo, Andrew. Simmons, Oliver B. Swartz, Jacob A. Small, Arthur F. Sample, Thomas. Stewart, James. Smith, Albert. Troupe, John R. Worrall, Isaac J. Woodley, William W, Winebrenner, Albert M. Witman, Edward L. Witman, Luther R. Ward, Albert C. Weir, James W. CHAPTEE XXV. The War for the Union (continued)— The Reserves and other Three-Tear Organizations— The Thirty-fifth, Forty-first, Forty-fourth, Forty-sixth, Fifty-fourth, and Fifty-fifth Begiments. BOLL OP COMPANY G, THIBTT-FIFTH BEQIMBNT (SIXTH EBSEEVB, THREE YBAKS' SERVICE). Recruited at MidcUeiown. Captains, Jacob Behrer, April 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 10 1862. Charles Allen, April 18, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. to oapt. April 3, 186S ; brev. maj. March 13,1866; wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, GENERAL HISTORY. 155 1862, and WilderoesB May, 1864; must, out with company June 11, 1864. First Lieutenant. B. F. Aslienfelter, April 18, 1861 j pro. from 2d to Ist lieut. April 3, 1863 1 brev. capt. March 13, 1865; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Second Lieutenants. John Yentzer, April 18, 1861 ; res. Not. 16, 1861. John McWiUiama, April 18, 1861 ; pro. from Ist sergt. to 2d lieut. April 3, 1863 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. First Sergeants. Joseph B. Eife, April 22, 1861; diach. Aug, 6, 1861, to accept promotion as 2d lieut. 6th U. S. Inf. George W. Horn, July 24, 1861 ; killed in action May 8, 1864 ; buried in Wildernesa burial-ground. John B. Stoner, June 5, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Aug, 1, 1862 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Wall. W. Johnson, July 22, 1861 ; pro. to aergt. April 11, 1863 ; must. out with company June 11, 1864. B. R. Hayhurst, April 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. John A. Bonner, April 18, 1861 ; diach. on aurg. csrtif. March 23, 1863. James H. Stanley, April 18, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Corporals. George W. Gray, April 22, 1861 ; wounded at North Anna May 23, 1864 ; absent at muater out. Joseph A. Petera, April 19, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. George W. Cole, April 20, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V.^May 31, 1864 ; veteran. John D. Books, April 18, 1861 ; trans, to 191at Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran, Lorenzo Horn, April 18, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Regt, P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Thomas H. Abbott, April 19, 1861 ; pro. to sergt.-maj, April 11, 1863. William Fitting, April 22, 1861 ; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Jacob Shapley, Jan. 1, 1864; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Samuel Sides, Dec. 22, 1863 ; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Calvin McClung, Dec. 22, 1863; not on muster-out roll; veteran. Privates. Alleman, Benjamin F., April 18, 1861 ; diach. on surg. certif. Oct. 29, 1862. Baskins, George W., May 3, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Bishop, Jacob, May 3, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Berst, Levi, July 15, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Breckbill, Pierce, April 18, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Bear, Henry A., April 18, 1861 ; trans, to 19l8t Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Barnes, Simon, April 18, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Bomberger, Michael, Sept. 5, 1861 ; trans, to 19lBt Eegt. P. V. May 81, 1864; veteran. Burg, William, May 1, 1861; died at Tenallytown Aug. 5, 1861. Bailey, Joseph, April 18, 1861 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Curry, William M., July 16, 1861; muat. out with company June 11, 1864. Chub, John, April 18, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Cole, Alonzo, April 18, 1861 ; trans, from Vet. Ees. Corps ; must, out with cpmpany June 11, 1864. Camp, Simon 0., April 18, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Conroy, William, April 18, 1861 ; muat. out with company June 11, 1864. Cain, William, April 19, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Deo. 27, 1861. Church, George H., April 18,1361; disch. March 20, 1863, for wounds received in action. Cover, John, July 15, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 15, 1863, for wounds received in action. Cornwell, Charles, April 22, 1861. Depoe, James F., April 18, 1861 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out . Dewalt, John, April 20, 1861; trans, to 19l8t Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran, Dailey, Patrick, April 25, 1861 ; disch, on surg. certif. Aug. 2, 1861. Bmbick, Jacob A., April 20, 1861; muat. out with company June 11, 1864. Bichelberger, George, April 20, 1861 ; trans, to 19l8t Regt. P. V. May 31,1864; veteran. Btter, John C, April 18, 1861 ; diach. on surg. certif. Dec. 11, 1863. Bichelberger, H., Feb. 22, 1864 ; killed at Bethesda Church May 30, 1864. Elliott, Reuben, July 15, 1861. Fish, Lewia, July 15, 1861 ; trans, to 19l8t Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Fisher, Peter H., April 28, 1861. Giverren, Patrick, May 1, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864* Goaline, Jamea D., July 22, 1861 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Graybill, Jacob, April 22, 1861 ; trana. to IQlst Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Garrigan, James, April 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June, 1862. Gibbons, Jacob, May 1, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 8, 1862. Goss, George W., Sept. 1, 1861 ; trana. to 191at Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Gould, .Tamea S., Feb. 1, 1862; diach. on aurg. certif. Fob. 10, 1863. Geiat, James, May 1, 1861 ; died at Alexandria .Tan. 24, 1863 ; grave 700. Hughes, Christian, April 20,1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Hemperly, George L., April 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Hain, Robert, April 22, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Houser, Frederick M., July 10, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Henderson, Martin, April 22, 1861 ; died Dec. 14, 1862, of wounds re- ceived in action. Jury, Adam, Jan. 16, 1864; trana. to 19l8t Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. Kough, Henry A., April 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. July 2, 1862. Kohler, Charies, Feb. 4, 1864; trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. Linn, Jacob, April 18, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Lookard, John, May 1, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran . Lemon, John, May 1, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran . Leggore, William, Sept. 13, 1861; trans, to 19l8t Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Lloyd, John, March 7, 1864 ; trans, to 191at Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. Montgomery, John, April 20, 1861; trana. to 191at Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Montgomery, William, April 20,1861; trana. to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Manly, Amoa, April 18, 1861; trana. to 19l8t Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Martin, Jacob G., April 19, 1861 ; trana. to 191at Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Marquit, Andrew B., April 20, 1861; disch. on surg. certif, date un- known. Muahon, Francia, April 19, 1861 ; trans, to gunboat service Feb. 19, 1862. Murphy, Bernard, Aug. 29, 1863 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Orth, William H. H., April 19, 1861. Peirce, Cyrus H., April 19, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Peirce, George W., April 19,1861; must, outwithcompany Junell, 1864. Peters, John W., April 18, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Powell, James, April 18, 1861 ; diach. on aurg. certif. May 16, 1863. Peters, John M., July 1, 1861 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Penneman, Robert, Sept. 1, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1863. Quinsler, William, May 3, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran . Rouse, Franklin, April 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 13, 1862. Reichenbach, Peter, Oct. 14, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 27, 1862. Roburm, James, March 8, 1864; died May 9, 1864; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. Sullivan, Cornelius, April 18, 1861; wounded at Spottsylvania Court- House May 13, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Suavely, John D., July 15, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Strauss, Aaron G., April 24, 1861; disch. Feb. 20, 1863, for wounds re- ceived in action. Stores, Jonas F., July 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 3, 1862. Specht, Henry D., Nov. 28, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Simmers, Charles, Sept. 13, 1861; disch. on aorg. certif. Feb. 10, 1863. Stehman, Henry C, April 20, 1861 ; diach. on surg. certif. March 23, 1863. Strickland, William, Feb. 2, 1864 ; trana. to IQlat Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 156 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY." Smith, Edgar, May 1, 1861 ; died May 16, 1863. Spencer, Lewis, May 10, 1861 ; Itilled at Spottsyivania Conrt-House May 12, 1864 ; bmied in burial-ground at WilderuesB. Smitli, Daniel, Feb. 22, 1864; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864 ; buried in .burial-ground at Wilderness. Swigart, Aaron, April 19, 1861. Swords, John, May 29, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Townsend, W. Ford, May 1, 1861 ; com. 2d lieut. Deo. 4, 1861 ; not must. ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Vincent, Robert W., April 20, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 4, 1862. Waborn, Frank K., April 20, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Dec, 24, 1862. Weist, Daniel, April 20, 1861 ; died Dec. 14, 1862, of wounds received at Fredericksburg. Wilson, Daniel, April 20, 1861. ROLL OF COMPANY D, FORTY-FIRST RBQIMENT (TWELFTH RESERVE, THREE YEARS' SERVICE). Recruited in Dauphin County. Coptuiiw, Samuel Wilt, June 22, 1861; disch. on surg.certit Nov. B, 1861. Thomas D. Horn, June 22, 1861 ; pro. to capt. Nov. 5, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 10, 1863. William H. Weaver, June 22, 1861; pro. from 1st lieut, to capt, Feb. 10, 1863; must, out with company Juue 11, 1864. First Lieuknants. Henry Mather, June 22, 1861 ; disch. Nov. o, 1861. Edward B. Snyder, June 22, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. Feb. 10, 1863 ; brev. capt. March 13, 1865; must. out with company June 11, 1864, First Sergeants. Robert Neidig, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Benjamin Brightbill, June 22, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. J. R. Baughmau, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. William R. Peacock, June 22, 1861 ; com. 2d lieut. Feb. 10, 1863 ; not mustered ; trans, to Company E, 190th Regt. P. V., May 31, 1864 ; veteran. GorporaU. Monroe B. Wenger, June 22, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. John A. Walker, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. John Reimert, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V, May 31, 1864; veteran. Richard Fleming, June 22, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 15, 1862. John Irlam, June 22, 1861; disch, on surg. certif. Jan. 27, 1862. John Good, June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 6, 1862. James M, Allen, June 22, 1861; drowned in Pamunkey River, June 4, 1864. Aaron L. Burke, June 22, 1861 ; killed at Bull Run, Aug, 30, 1862. Henry H. Hopple, June 22,1861; killed at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Musician. Charles Spickler, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Privates. Austin, William P., June 22, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Anderson, William, June 22, 1861; must, out with company June 11 1864. Brewster, Alex., June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1 864. Bird, James, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran, Bumbaugh, Isaac, June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 6, 1S63. Black, George F., June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. July 21, 1863. Barnes, William H., Juue 22, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 20, 1864, by sentence of G. C. M. Bates, John, June 22, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 22, 1862. Beatty, John, July 22, 1861 ; killed at White Oak Swamp June 30, 1862. Babb, John, June 22, 1861. Brubaker, Samuel, June 22, 1861. Boston, Lewis, June 22, 1861. Bryan, John, June 22, 1861. Clunghart, John, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Campbell, Daniel, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Collins, Frank, June 22, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Carroll, Frank, June 22, 1861 ; absent at muster out. Conner, Thomas, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Carpenter, David H., June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Curtis, James, Feb. 15, 1864 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. Carter, George, Juue 22, 1861; disch. on surg. certif,, date unknown. Donahue, John, July 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Dugan, Samuel, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. DeWolf, John A., June "22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V, May 31, 1864; veteran, Detrick, Charles, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Begt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Frankhouser, C, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Fulton. William, June 22, 1861 ; died of wounds received May 13, 1864. Fetterman, George, June 22, 1861. Fuller, Edward, June 22, 1861. Garman, George, June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 28, 1862. Garman, Henry, June 22, 1861 ; disch. by order of War Department, Oct. 24, 1862. Garner, Adam, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Gurtler, George, Feb. 1, 1864; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. Garst, Samuel, June 22, 1861 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Gurtner, John, Feb. 26, 1864; died May 11, 1864, of wounds received May 6, 1864. Hawck, William, July 22, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Hughes, Richard, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Holt, John, July 20, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Hensler, Peter, June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. July 18, 1862. Hicks, John, June 22, 1861; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Hudgeon, John, June 22, 1861; trans, to V. S. Signal Corps Aug. 29, 1861. Hall, Thomas, June 22, 1861. Hilbert, James, June 22, 1861. Hall, Robert, June 22, 1861. Haines, Charles, June 22, 1861. Jones, John, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Earnes, John, June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 1, 1863. Krouse, Nicholas, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to artillery July 18, 1862. Kraft, Henry, May 15, 1861; pro. to com, sergt,, date unknown. Kelley, Isaac, July 6, 1861 ; died at Georgetown, D. C, Dec. 10, 1861. Kuglen, George, July 6, 1861. Lepley, Samuel, June 26, 1861; must, out with company .Tune 11, 1864. Lewis, Henry G., June 22, 1861; must, out with company June 11,1864. Long, Joseph W., Juno 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Leiby, Alexander, July 29, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Lyons, Edward, June 22, 1861 ; disch. by order of War Department Nov. 26, 1862. McLain, George, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company Juue 11, 1864. McLaster, John, July 11, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Mills, James, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Maurer, Charles, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Miller, George, Juue 22, 1861; trans, to 190th Regt. P.V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Mann, Francis F., June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Murphy, John, Juno 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 23, 1862. McCabe, Harrison, Aug, 29, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. McDaniels, Samuel, June 22, 1861; trans, to artillery, Aug. 1, 1862. Marthin, John, June 22, 1861 ; captured at Gettysburg July 3, 1863 diach. June 11, 1864. McCoy, Hugh, June 22, 1861 ; killed at White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30,1862. McCord, Thomas, June 22, 1861 ; died at Alexandria, Va., Sept. 18, 1861 ; grave 293. McFarland, William, June 22, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain Sept 14 1862. Moorehead, Christian, June 22, 1861 ; killed by accident Sept. 26, 1861. Miller, Edward, June 22, 1861 ; died Nov. 1, 1861 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. , GENERAL HISTORY. 157 Quinn, John, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to Yet. Rea. Oorps, date unknown. Quenzler, ValentineJ June 22, 1861 ; trans, to IQOth Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Bedfern, Samuel, July 11, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. tlay, Thomas, Feb. 11, 1864; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. Y. May 31, 1864. Eeichart, Samuel, Teb. 29, 1864 ; trans, to 190th Begt. P. Y. May 31, 1864. Stevens, Edward, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to tJ. S. Signal Corps, Aug. 29, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Spaulding, Theodore S., June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 17, 1863. Shoemaker, George, June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 3, 1862. Strauser, Adam, June 22, 1861 ; ;disch. by order of War Department Oct. 24, 1862. Segar, Henry, June 22, 1^61 ; missing in action at Bristoe Station, Ya., Oct. 14, 1863. Simpson, Eobert, June 22, 1861; killed at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862. Shaffer, James, July 6, 1861. Skidmore, Thomas, June 22, 1861. Tell, Michael L., June 22, 1861 ; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Walker, George W., June 22,' 1861 ; wounded at Bull Eun Aug. 30, 1862 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Winters, Jeremiah, June 22, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Woodall, Charles, June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 22, 1862. Weaver, Philip, June 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 14, 1862. Weaver, Peter, June 22, 1861 ; trans, to 180th Begt. P. Y. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Woodall, James T., July 6, 1861 ; pro. to q.m.-sergt., date unknown. Woodall, William H., June 22, 1861 ; trans, to IT. S. Signal Corps Aug. 29, 1861. Yohn, George, July 6, 1861 ; trans, to U. S. Army Nov. 26, 1862. BOLL OF COMPANY G, FOETY-FOUETH EEGIMENT (FIEST CAYALEY, THBEB YEAES' SEEYICE). Recruited at Hannsburg. CaptairtB. Jacob Higgins, Aug. 28, 1861; pro. to lieut.-col. Aug. 18, 1861. David Gardner, Sept. 27, 1861 ; pro. from Ist lieut. to capt. ; to major Nov. 23, 1862. Henry C. Beamer, August, 1861 ; pro. from sergt.-maj. to 1st lieut. July 17, 1862; to capt. Dec. 11, 1862 ; rea. April 12, 1863. Francis P. Confer, Sept. 1, 1862; pro. from private to com. sergt. Octo- ber, 1861 ; to 2d lieut. Sept. 1, 1862 ; to lat lieut. Nov. 26, 1862 ; to capt. April 12, 1863; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. First Lieutenants. Hampton S. Thomas, Sept. 27, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. September, 1861 ; to capt. Co. M May 1, 1862. Alonzo Eeed, Nov. 25, 1862; pro. from let sergt. to 2d lieut. Nov. 25, 1862 ; to 1st lieut. April 12, 1863 ; killed at St. Mary's Church, Ya., June 24, 1864-; Hiram Piatt, Aug. 14, 1864 ; pro. to 1st sergt. ; to 2d lieut. Aug. 14, 1864 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864; must, out .by consolidation June 20, 1866. Second Lieutenants. Henry 0. Weir, Oct. 10, 1861 ; pro. to capt. and A. A. G. on Gen. Bayard's staff Aug. 7, 1862. George J. Geiser, April 12, 1863; pro. from sergt, maj. April 12, 1863; disch. Feb. 17, 1864. Quartermaster Sergeant. Thomas McGinley, Aug. 28, 1861; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864; veteran. Commissary Sergeant. • John W. Ehorbaok, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864; must, out as sergt. Co. F June 20, 1865 ; veteran. Sergeants. William Strickland, Aug. 28, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 1, 1861. James McCahan, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch on surg. certif. Feb. 1 , 1862. John W. Bruner, Aug. 28, 1S61 ; pris. June 9, 1863 ; trans, to TJ. S. Sig- nal Corps March 1, 1864 ; veteran. John 0. Clark, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864 ; veteran. Francis S. Speigle, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to batt, Sept. 1, 1864 ; veteran. Samuel Kilpatrick, Aug. 28, 1861; trans, to Co. F. batt. Sept. 1, 1864; to Co. A. Nov. 1, 1864; pro. to lat sergt.; com. 2d lieut. March 4, 1866 ; not must. ; must, out by consolidation June 20, 1866. John W. Taylor, Aug. 28, 1861 ; missing in action at St. Mary's Church, Ya., June 24, 1864. George W. Cyphera, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. R. G. Howerter, Sept. 1, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Corporals. John S. Stubbs, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on eurg. certif. Oct, 1, 1861. George W. Brigga, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March, 1862. Horace Failea, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trdna. to batt. Sept. 1, 1S64 ; must, out as sergt. Co. F June 20, 1865 ; veteran. John D. Eichards, Aug. 28, 1861 ; wounded and prisoner June 24, 1864; died at Andersonville Aug. 17, 1864 ; grave 6940 ; veteran. Henry C. Portner, Aug. 28, 1861 ; died June 22, 1864, of wounds re- ceived at White House, Ya., June 21, 1864; veteran. Philip Seiferts, Aug, 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Jerome Kishbaum, Aug. 28,' 1861 ; captured June 9, 1863 ; wounded May 28, 1864 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Isaac Kennedy, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Samuel W. Eeese, Aug. 28, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Adam Downs, Aug. 28, 1871 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Buglers. John H. Lantz, Aug, 28, 1861; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864; veteran. Milton Euch, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Privates. Adams, George, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Adams, Jamea M., Aug. 28, 1861; pro. to 2d lieut. in Corps d'Afrique June 8, 1864. Boyer, Jacob, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June, 1863. Boyer, William, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on aurg. certif July 8, 1862. Ballets, Busaell, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to Yoteran Eeserve Corps Sept. 23, 1863. Bently, Abraham, Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Brandy Station, Ya., June 9, 1863 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out in Co. F May 27, 1866. Benninghoff, Jamea, Aug. 28, 1861 ; wounded and priaoner at Mine Eun, Ya., from Nov. 27, 1863, to Nov. 20, 1864; muat. out March 6, 1866, Corl, Abraham, Aug. 28, 1861 ; wounded at Bull Eun Aug. 30, 1862, and Malvern Hill July 28, 1864 ; absent, in hoapital, at muster out. Campbell, Daniel, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Cory, Warren E,, Aug. 28, 1861 ; wounded at Culpeper, Ya., Sept. 13, 1863 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Campbell, William S., Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to TJ. S. Signal Oorps March 1, 1864 ; veteran. Conzler, Ernest, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. to hoapital ateward October, 1861. Cory, George A,, Aug. 9, 1862; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864; must, out in Co. F May 27, 1866. Delancy, William P., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Ely, William, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to Yeteran Corps Nov. 6, 1863. Ella, WilUam, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Farnwalt, Isaac, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Fullerton, George, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. March 1, 1862, for wounds re- ceived in action. Fisher, George W., Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif September, 1862. Fritz, William D,, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864; veteran. Greaves, Francis M., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Griffin, John, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, otit with company Sept. 9, 1864. Grey, Mercer, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Gates, David H., Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. August, 1862, for wounds received in action. Guuder, Joseph, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March, 1862. Gilliland, Samuel, Aug. 14, 1862 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864; must, out in Co. F May 27, 1865. Gray, William, Aug. 28, 1861 ; died at Brooks' Station, Ya., Dec. 27, 1862. Gardner, Charles, Oct. 20, 1862 ; pro. to hospital steward Oct. 23, 1862. Hall, Wilmer C, Sept. 1, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Hull, Eobert P., Aug. 28, 1871 ; captured at Sulphur Springs, Ya., Au- gust, 1862 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864, Hessner, Michael, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Hughey, Samuel, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Harper, Jonathan, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 14, 1862 . Hutchiaon, Charles H., Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. June, 1863. Hatch, Arthur, Feb. 22, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. July 17, 1864. 158 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTy. Higby, Charles, Aug. 14, 1862 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out in Co. r May 27, 1866. Hartsook, Thomas, "Feb. 22, 1864 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864. Hiler, Adam, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864 ; veteran. Hoffman, William, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 1, 1862. Hawn, Samuel K. ; wounded at St. Mary's Church, Va., June 24, 1864 ; supposed to have died. Kritzer, James C, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Lewis, John, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 1, 1861, for wounds received in action. Lloyd, William P., Sept. 1, 1861 ; pro. to hospital steward Dec. 18, 1862. McDonald, James W., Aug. 28, 1861 ; sick in hospital since July 1, 1863 ; died, date unknown. McCuUough, John C, Aug. 28, 1861 ; crane, to Veteran Eeserve Corps Sept. 20, 1863. McCahan, John, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. to com. sergt. Feb. 28, 1862. McFarland, Daniel, Aug. 28, 1861 ; captured Aug. 1, 1862 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864 ; veteran. Mnllin, Patrick, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864 ; veteran. Munch, William, Aug. 28, 1861 ; drowned in James Kiver, near Turkey Bend, May 16, 1864. Myers, Israel, Aug. 28, 1861. Newman, David W., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Palsgrove, Samuel D., Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Apiil, 1863. Pugh, Evan, Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Brandy Station, Va., June 9, 1863; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to com. sergt.; must, out May 27, 1865. Page, Henry W., Aug. 28, 1861 ; killed at Milford Station, Va., May 21, 1864 ; veteran. Beed, John M., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Khoades, Adam, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Eittle, Daniel, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April, 1863. Buggies, Albert, Aug. 28, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. 1862. Eembaugh, Horatio, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on slirg. certif. Feb. 1, 1862. Box, Joseph, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. October, 1862. Beese, William H., Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out as Corp. Co. F June 20, 1865 ; veteran. Bosenberger, Cyrus, Aug. 28, 1861 ; died at Brooks' Station, Va., Jan. 27, 1863. Bhoads, William, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Stoner, Leonard, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Shawley, Henry, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Swoap, Peter \V., Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on^surg. certif. March, 1862. Seabolt, John, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 1, 1862. Stewart, C. K., Aug. 9, 1862 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out in Company F May 27, 1865. Speigle, Martin J., March 29, 1864; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864. Snell, Aaron, Aug. 28, 1861 ; wounded at Mine Bun, Va., Nov, 27, 1863 ; trans, to batt. Sept, 1, 1864 ; must, out as Corp. Co. F June 20, 1865 ; veteran. Uhler, John, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March, 1862. Wike, William, Aug. 28, 1861; must, out with company Sept. 9, 1864. Welty, Zachariah, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 3, 1863. Wiggins, Daniel, February, 1862 ; trans, to batt. Sept. 1, 1864. Williams, John, February, 1862. Zinkaud, William, Feb. 22, 1864; trans, to b4tt. Sept. 1, 1864. POETY-SIXTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUN- TEERS. Company D of this regiment, recruited in Dauphin County, had been in the three months' service. The other companies, as a general thing, served in the first campaign, and were recruited in Allegheny, Berks, Potter, Luzerne, and Northumberland Coun- ties. Rendezvousing at Camp Curtin, the regiment was organized on the 1st of September, 1861, by the se- lection of the following field-oflBcers : Joseph F. Knipe, of Dauphin County, who had served during the three months' campaign on the staff of Gen. E. 0. Williams, colonel ; James L. Selfridge, from captain of Company C, lieutenant-colonel ; Arnold C. Lewis, major. On the 22d of September, Maj. Lewis, while attelnpting to enforce discipline in a case of insubordination, was shot and instantly killed by a private of Company I, who afterwards suffered the extreme penalty of the law for his offense. Capt. J. A. Matthews, of Com- pany A, was promoted to major, Upon the resignation of Gen. Patterson from the command of the Army of the Shenandoah, Gen. Banks was appointed to succeed him. His forces were posted on the Upper Potomac, along the Maryland shore, in the neighborhood of Harper's Ferry. Soon after its organization, the Forty-sixth was ordered to Gen. Banks' command. Upon its arrival it was assigned to the First Brigade {under Gen. S. W. Crawford) of the Second Division of his corps. Little of interest, save the usual drill and camp duty and an occasional skirmish with the enemy, occurred until the opening of the spring campaign. In January, 1862, Stone- wall Jackson, with a well-appointed force of all arms, having for some time occupied the Shenandoah Val- ley, had pushed out as far west as Hancock, where he was met and driven back by Gen. Lander. Lander pursued but soon after died, and was succeeded in command by Gen. Shields, who continued the pursuit to Winchester. On the 24th of February, Gen. Banks commenced crossing the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, and occupied, in turn, Leesburg, Charlestown, Mar- tinsburg, and Winchester. Shields continued the pursuit of Jackson as far as New Market, whence he returned to Winchester. In the mean time Banks had dispatched one division of his corps to Centre- ville, and had himself departed for Washington. Considering himself superior to the Union force re- maining, Jackson turned upon Shields, and a severe engagement ensued in the neighborhood of Kerns- town. Three companies of the Forty-sixth, under command of Maj. Matthews, arrived upon the field in time to participate in the conflict. Jackson was beaten, and Banks returning gave chase, which was continued to Woodstock. In this pursuit the Forty- sixth was conspicuous. Col. Knipe manifesting his usual enterprise and daring. Jackson, who was fearful of a union of the forces of Fremont and Banks, marched hastily across the mountain to McDowell, where he encountered the head of Fremont's column, under Milroy and Schenck, and defeated it, inflicting considerable loss. Return- ing with his characteristic celerity of movement, and masking his progress by his cavalry, he fell suddenly upon Col. Kenley, occupying an outpost at Front Royal, and, routing his small force, was making for the rear of Banks' army, before the latter was aware of an enemy's presence, in his front. Turning his trains towards the Potomac, and dispersing the rebel cavalry which appeared upon his rear. Banks com- menced his retreat down the valley. Finding that he must make a stand to save his trains, he drew up his little army in line of battle in front of Winchester GENERAL HISTORY. 159 and with an entire force of only about seven thousand men prepared to meet Jackson with not less than twenty thousand. For five hours the unequal con- test was maintained, the Forty-sixth holding its ground with unexampled coolness and bravery. At length, finding himself outflanked and likely to be overpowered, he withdrew and made his way to the Potomac, where his trains had already arrived and crossed in safety. In this engagement the Forty- sixth lost four killed, ten wounded, and three taken prisoners. The loss to the Union force in withdraw- ing through the streets of the town was considerable, the inhabitants, both male and female, vying with each other in pouring forth insults and deadly mis- siles. "My retreating column," says Gen. Banks in his official report, " suffered serious loss in the streets of Winchester, males and females vied with each other in increasing the number of their victims by firing from the houses, throwing hand grenades, hot water, and missiles of every description." Upon the appointment of Gen. Pope to the com- mand of the Army of Northern Virginia, the scat- tered forces upon the Rappahannock, the Shenan- doah, and in West Virginia were concentrated and were organized in three corps, commanded respec- tively by Sigel (formerly Fremont), Banks, and McDowell. On the 7th of August, 1862, Crawford's brigade was stationed at Culpeper Court-House. The divisions of Ewell and Stonewall Jackson, fol- lowed by that of Hill, a force twenty-five thousand strong, had already arrived upon the Rapidan, and had commenced crossing, driving back the Union cavalry. On the 8th, Crawford was ordered forward towards Cedar Mountain, and on the following morn- ing Banks followed with the rest of his corps, con- sisting of seven thousand men. Jackson, having pushed forward his columns with celerity, had taken position with his artillery on Cedar Mountain, at an elevation of two hundred feet above the surrounding plain, but had kept his infantry masked under the shadow of the forests. Four guns had been advanced farther to the front and lower down the side of the mountain. These, with the more elevated on es, opened on Crawford's brigade, and at five o'clock p.m. the Union forces in two columns advanced to the attack. The position of the Forty-sixth fell opposite the enemy's advanced pieces, and upon these the men charged with desperate valor. But before reaching them they had to pass an open field, now covered with shocks of full-ripened wheat. Here they were fear- fully exposed, and the enemy's artillery, and his strong lines of infantry concealed from view, poured in a merciless storm of shot and shell. Three times was it led to the charge across that fatal plain, when Col. Znipe fell severely wounded, and the regiment was withdrawn. " Had victory been possible," says Greeley, "they would have won it. . . . The best blood of the Union was poured out like water. . . . Gen. Crawford's brigade came out of the fight a mere skeleton." The loss in the Forty-sixth was thirty killed, thirty-four severely wounded, and six pris- oners. Among the killed were Lieuts. Robert Wilson, S. H. Jones, and William P. Caldwell, and among the wounded Col. Knipe, Maj. Matthews, Capts. Luken- baugh, Brooks, and Foulke, and Lieuts. Selheimer, Caldwell, Craig, and Matthews. In the battle of Antietam, Banks' corps was com- manded by Gen. Mansfield, and early in the day of September 17th was led to the support of Hooker, battling with a heavy force of the enemy on the extreme right of the line, across Antietam Creek. Crawford's brigade was sent to the support of Ricketts' division, and advanced carrying the woods to the right of and beyond the cornfield, and maintained its posi- tion until relieved by Sedgwick's division of Sumner's corps. The Forty-sixth was here led by Col. Knipe, although suffering from the effects of his wounds. The loss was six killed and three severely wounded. Capt. George A. Brooks, of Harrisburg, was among the killed. Soon after the battle of Antietam, Col. Knipe was promoted to brigadier-general, and as- signed to the command of the brigade ; Lieut.-Col. Selfridge was promoted to colonel ; Maj. Matthews to colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania, which was assigned to Knipe's bri- gade ; Capt. William L. Foulke, of Company B, to lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. Cyrus Strouse, of Com- pany K, to major. Upon. the inauguration of the Fredericksburg campaign, the Forty-sixth, which was then lying with the division at Fairfax, was or- dered forward, but did not arrive upon the field in time to be engaged. In the reorganization of the army, which was made upon the accession of ©en. Joseph Hooker to the chief command, Knipe's brigade became the Second of the First Di-vision of the Twelfth Corps, the division being commanded by Gen. A. S. Williams, and the corps by Gen. Slocum. On the 27th of April, 1863, th^ Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, which had been lying near Falmouth during the winter, marched north to Kelly's Ford, where they crossed the Rappahannock, thence to Germania Ford, where they crossed the Rapidan, and arrived at Chancellorsville without encountering se- rious opposition. Here it was joined by the Fifth Corps, and on the 30th by the Third Corps. There were three roads centring at Chkncellorsville, the main direction of each being eastward. Upon each of these Hooker ordered an advance on the morning of the 1st of May, Meade upon the left, Sykes com- manding a division of regulars belonging to the Fifth Corps in the centre, and Howard upon the right. At two o'clock P.M., the movement commenced, and after proceeding some three miles the central column en- countered the enemy in considerable force, and Knipe's brigade was sent to its support, where it was engaged, and lost some men ; whereupon Hooker or- dered a retrograde movement and a concentration 160 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. upon the line of the previous night with the Chan- cellor House as headquarters, Meade on the left, Slo- cum in the centre, and Howard somewhat in the air on the right. Desultory fighting continued during the day of the 2d of May, when, at near nightfall, Stonewall Jackson, with twenty-five thousand men, burst like an avalanche upon Howard's corps, resting unsuspicious of danger, and drove it in rout and con- fusion in upon the centre. This brought the enemy upon Slocum's right, and during the early part of the night a sharp conflict was kept up, wherein Knipe's brigade was engaged, losing many in killed and wounded, and a considerable number of prisoners. Here fell Maj. Strouse, his body riddled with bullets, while attempting to escape when called on to sur- render. At midnight a countercharge was made by Birney's division, and a part of the guns lost by Howard, and his abandoned rifle-pits, were regained, and the enemy thrown into some confusion. On the morning of the 8d,- Williams' brigade was sent to the support of Birney, and here the battle raged with great fury, the enemy losing heavily, and being broken and driven in great confusion. Upon the return of Hooker to the north bank of the Rappa- hannock the regiment occupied its old camp, where it remained until the advance of the army into Pennsylvania. The loss in the Chancellorsville campaign was four killed, a considerable number wounded, two severely, and two taken prisoners. Maj. Strouse and Lieut. 0. R. Priestly were among the killed. Early in June, Lee commenced a movement north, marching down the Shenandoah Valley, and crossing the Potomac at Williamsport. On the 1st of July he met the Union army at Gettysburg. On the even- ing of the same day the Twelfth Corps arrived upon the field, and was posted on the right of the line holding the summits of Gulp's Hill, where a for- midable breastwork was thrown up. On the after- noon of the 2d» the First and Second Divisions were ordered to the support of the left, leaving their works unoccupied, save by a thin line of Green's brigade, of the Second Division. During their ab- sence the enemy attacked and carried the left of the works, and, upon their return at evening, they found the rebels in possession. Dispositions were promptly made to retake them. Before dawn of the 3d a heavy fire of infantry and artillery was opened upon the enemy, and after an obstinate resistance of sev- eral hours he was driven back at the point of the bayonet. The Forty-sixth held the extreme right of the line, and after the reoccupation of the breast- works, was pushed across an open space beyond Spangler's Spring, and held a piece of wood fringing Rock Creek. The loss, owing to the sheltered posi- tion which the regiment occupied, was inconsiderable. Upon the withdrawal of Lee into Virginia, the Union army followed up his line of retreat, at the same time covering Washington until it reached the Rapidan. Here the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were detached from the Army of the Potomac and ordered to the support of Rosecrans in Tennessee and Northern Georgia. Marching to Washington, the regiment proceeded by rail to Nashville. Here the First Division was detailed to guard the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad from Tullahoma to Bridge- port. The country through which the road passes was infested with guerrillas and rebel cavalry, ever watchful for an opportunity to destroy the road and to wreck the trains. It was vital to the existence of the army that this line should be kept open and that it should be operated to its utmost capacity. The vigilance and fidelity with which this service was performed on the part of the Forty-sixth elicited the warm approval of its superior oflBcers. Early in January, 1864, a large proportion of the officers and men 'of the regiment having re-enlisted for a second term of three years, insuring its contin- uance as an organization, they were given a veteran furlough and proceeded to Pennsylvania.' Here its ranks were rapidly recruited, and upon its return the division rejoined the corps in winter-quarters in and about Chattanooga. On the 6th of May Sherman's army, seventy thou- sand strong, with one hundred and fifty guns, broke up winter-quarters and moved on the ever memorable Atlanta campaign. At Dalton, where Johnston, who commanded the rebel army, was first met, the enemy was turned out of a position strong by nature and well fortified by a flank movement through Snake Creek Gap, which had already been captured by Geary's division. Following up the retreating enemy, Sherman found him well intrenched at Resaca, prepared to dispute his further progress. Here Sherman again attempted a movement by the right flank ; but Johnston, taking advantage of his antagonist's weakened lines in front, delivered a heavy and well-sustained attack, falling upon the divisions of Hooker and Schofield. He found Hooker not unprepared for the encounter, and after a bloody conflict Johnston was driven, with a loss of four guns and many prisoners. In this en- gagement the Forty-sixth participated, losing three killed and £ve wounded. Pushing the enemy steadily back, on the 25th of May the regiment was again engaged at Pumpkinvine Creek and at New Hope Church. The country is 1 " YouTHFTO Veterans.— The claim of Missouri to have the youngest veteran soldier is dieputed by the Keystone State. We are informed that Henry Weidensaul in his fourteenth year entered the Forty-sixth Penuaylvania Infantry, participated in the battles of Winchester, Cedar Mountain, ChancellorsTiUe, Gettysburg, Eesaca, Dallas, Kenesaw, and Peach Tree Creek; was wounded for the first time in the !ast>named fight, and re-enlisted last winter with the greater part of his regiment. He was seventeen years of age ou the 1st of July last."— ioMiroiife Jour- nal, Henry Weidensaul, named above, was first sergeant of Capt. Brooks' company. He was first wounded at Cedar Mountain in August 1862 whore he was taken prisoner and was confined in Libby Prison for nearly five weeks. He was again wounded at Atlanta. GENERAL HISTORY. Ifil here broken and the enemy was well intrenched, his lines stretching across Lost, Pine, and Kenesaw Mountains, from Dallas to Marietta, presenting an unbroken front. From the 25th of May until near the middle of June, Sherman, always fruitful in re- sources, operated against the enemy's lines, compell- ing him, by constant battering and picket firing and by frequent assaults gradually to give ground, taking first Pine Knob, then Lost Mountain, and at length the long line of breastworks connecting the latter with Kenesaw. Finally, on the 22d of June, the enemy, finding himself slowly but surely pushed from his strong position, suddenly assumed the of- fensive and made a furious attack upon Hooker's corps, in position near the Gulp House. It fell principally upon Knipe's brigade and was led by Hood, but signally failed. Hood was repulsed with heavy loss, including some prisoners. " Williams' division," says Gen. Thomas in his official report, " skirmished itself into position on the right of Geary's division, the right of Williams resting at Gulp's house, on the Powder Spring and Marietta road. About 4 p.m. the enemy in heavy force at- tacked Knipe's brigade in its advanced position before his men had time to throw up any works, and per- sisted in the assault until sundown, when they with- drew, their ranks hopelessly broken, each assault having been repelled with heavy loss." In the vari- ous engagements at Dallas, Pine Knob, Kenesaw Mountain, and Marietta, in all of which the Forty- sixth participated, the loss was fourteen killed and about thirty wounded. Capt. D. H. Chesebro and Lieut. J. W. Phillips were among the killed. On the 16th of July Sherman crossed the Ghatta- hoochee River, and sweeping around to the left, began closing in upon Atlanta, McPherson reaching out to strike the Augusta Railroad. While these movements were in full progress and the army only partially across Peach Tree Creek, a considerable stream running in a westerly direction in front of Atlanta, Hood again attacked, leading a heavy force and precipitating it with great violence upon the Union columns, falling principally upon Newton's and upon Hooker's corps. The Forty-sixth was much exposed and suflFered severely ; but with ranks undismayed, led by Col. Selfridge, who was in the thickest of the fight, conspicuous by his white, flow- ing locks, encouraging and steadying his men, they hurled back the rebel hordes at the point of the bayonet. With columns sadly decimated. Hood retreated from the field, leaving five hundred dead, one thousand severely wounded, and many prisoners in the hands of the victors. The loss in the regiment was ten killed and twenty-two wounded. Capt. S. T. Ketrer, Lieuts. H. J. Davis, Samuel Wolf, and David C. Selheimer, and Adj. Luther R. Whitman were among the killed. Shifting the Army of the Tennessee from the left to the extreme right, Sherman was preparing to cut 11 ofi' the railroads and invest the city on the south, when Hood, detecting the movement, again fell upon the Union lines only partially formed. The attack was made with the rebel leader's characteristic im- petuosity, but it fell like the beating of the mad waves of the sea against the immovable cliff!, The regiment lost here six killed and a considerable number wounded. On the 1st of September Atlanta surrendered and Sherman's victorious columns entered the city in triumph. The hard fighting of the regiment was now ended. Gen. Knipe was here transferred to the command of cavalry and Col. Selfridge to the brigade, leaving Major Patrick Griffith in command of the regiment. On the 11th of November Sherman com- menced his march to the sea. On the 21st of De- cember he reached Savannah, and after a brief con- flict at Fort McAllister took possession of the city. With but a brief respite he faced his columns to the north, and on the 17th of February Columbia, the capital of South Carolina, was taken without resist- ance, and a month later he reached Goldsborough, the end of his hostile wayfaring. Johnston surrendered on the 26th of April, and the army immediately commenced its homeward march. On the 16th of July, 1865, the Forty-sixth Regiment, after nearly four years of faithful service, was mustered out near Alexandria, Va. ROLL or COMPANY D, FORTY-SIXTH BBGIMINT (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). Eecruited in Dauphin Cownby. George A. Brooks, Sept. 2, 1861 ■, killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Edward L. Witman, Sept. 2, 1861 ; pro, from 1st lieut. to capt. ; to lieut.- col. 210th Regt. P. V. Sept. 26, 1864. T. J. Novinger, Sept. 2, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Got. 1, 1861 ; to sergt. Nov. 26, 1862; to Ist sergt. Not. 18, 1863; to 1st lieut. March 20, 1864; to capt. Dec. 18, 1864 ; prisoner from August 9th to October, 1862 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Firet Lieutenante. John W. Geiger, Sept. 2, 1861 ; dismissed July 6, 1863. Jacob H. Shepler, Sept. 2, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 1, 1861 ; to sergt. Nov. 26, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. March 20, 1864 ; to 2d lieut. Sept. 29, 1864 ; to 1st lieut. Deo. 18, 1864; prisoner from May 3 to May 16, 1863 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Second Lieutenante. Oliver B. Simmons, March 1, 1862 ; resigned June 5, 1863. Samuel Wolf, Sept, 2, 1861; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Aug. 4, 1863 ; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. John L. Long, Sept. 2, 1861; pro. from corp. to sergt. March 21, 1864; to Ist sergt. Sept. 29, 1864 ; to 2d lieut. Dec. 18, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865. First Sergeants. H. A. Weidensaul, Sept. 2, 1861 ; captured at Cedar Mountain Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. May IS, 1863 ; to sergt. Oct. 1, 1864 ; to 1st sergt. July 1, 1865 ; com. 2d lieut. Co. F, July 15, 1865 ; not must. ; must. out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Samuel Bernheisel, Sept. 2, 1861 ; died at Alexandria, Ta., Sept. 26, 1862, of wounds received at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, 1862. Sergeants. Edward D. Wells, Dec. 29, 1863 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 19, 1864 ; to sergt. Jan. 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1S65 ; veteran. Edward Rhoades, Jan. 5, 1864 ; prisoner from May 2 to May 15, 1863 ; pro. to Corp. April 19, 1864 ; to sergt. April 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. 162 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. William Walker, July 14, 1863 ; drafted ; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1864 ; to sergt. July 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865. William Marts, Jan. 13, 1864; pro. to corp. Nov. 26, 1862; to sergt. Not. 18, 1863; wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1864; absent, in hospital, at muster out; veteran. Samuel B. Potteiger, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 10, 1862. John Care, Sept. 2, 1861 ; pro. to Ist lieut. Co. I, March 14, 1862. , George Durrell, Sept. 2, 1861 ; killed at Cedar Mountain Aug. 9, 1862. Henry 0. Knipe, Sept. 2, 1861 ; died at Annapolis, Md., April 23, 1865. " Corporcds. William Mease, Jan. 13, 1864; prisoner from May 2 to May 15, 1863; pro. to Corp. Nov. 18, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Alexander B. James, Jan. 13, 1864; pro. to corp. Sept. 18, 1864 ; must. out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. William Keimert, Jan. 13, 1864; pro. to corp. Oct. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865; veteran. John H. Hoke, Jan. 13, 1864; captured at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, 1862; pro. to Corp. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Edward King, Jan. 13, 1864 ; prisoner from May 2 to May 16, 1863 ; pro . to Corp. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; vet- eran. John Houser, Jan. 13, 1864; prisoner from May 2 to May 16, 1863; wounded at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864 ; pro. to corp. June 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Elias Boyer, Jan. 13, 1864 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1866 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866 ; veteran. William H. Bachman, Jan. 13, 1864 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 18, 1864; wounded in action ; absent, in hospital, at muster out ; veteran. Thomas J. Elder, Sept. 2, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 1, 1864 ; must, out June 6, 1866. Jacob Killinger, Sept. 2, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 18, 1862. James F. OTonnell, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 22, 1862. Alexander Bboades, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 6, 1863. John Teager, Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 18, 1864, expiration of term. Matthew 0. Taylor, Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 18, 1864, expiration of term. Frederick Sarber, Sept. 2, 1861 ; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,1864; veteran. Samuel 0. Nace, Sept. 2, 1861 ; missing at Cedar Mountain, Ya., Aug. 9, 1862. John Lang, Jan. 13, 1864; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Mueicians, Charles H. Kenhard, Jan. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866 ; veteran. Charles H. Spade, Feb. 29, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Privates. Albright, John A., Feb. 24, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865- Albert, Joseph, Sept. 2, 1861 ; wounded in action, with loss of leg ; disch. Jan. 4, 1864. Allison, John, Sept. 2, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps Sept. 30, 1863. Bedillion, William, July 14, 1863 ; drafted ; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Brunner, Urias, July 14, 1863 ; drafted ; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Brunner, William, July 14, 1863; drafted; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Beddleyoung, William, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 10, 1862. Brumbaugh, James A., Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif July 3, 1862. Blowers, John Q., July 14, 1863 ; drafted ; disch. on surg. certif. April 20, 1866. Bedillion, John, July 14, 1863 ; drafted ; disch. by G. 0. June 5, 1865. Bousman, George, Aug. 6, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 8, 1866. Barr, Alexander, July 14, 1863 ; drafted; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. Chubb, Philip, Jan. 13, 1864 ; prisoner from May 25, 1862, to March, 1863 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. ' Craft, Jonathan, July 14, 1863 ; drafted; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Chisholm, John W., Jan. 13, 1864; wounded at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at must, out ; veteran. Cassel, John H., Sept. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Battery F, 4th Kegt. TJ. S. Art., Oct. 22, 1862. Clawson, William, July 13, 1863; drafted; missing in action at Gulp's Farm, Ga., June 22, 1864. Cummings, Eli, Sept. 2, 1861. Deafenbaugh, S. A., Jan. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran . Donley, William, Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 8, 1864, at exp. of term. Dennis, Daniel, Sept. 2, 1861 ; died at Harrisonburg, Va., April 30, 1862. Douney, Benjamin, Sept. 2, 1861, killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, 1862. Early, Claudius, Feb. 27, 1864; mustered out with company July 16, 1865. Early, Joseph, Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 18, 1864, at exp. of term. Ebersole, John C, Jan. 13, 1864 ; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864 ; veteran. Early, Elias, Jan. 13, 1864; died at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 17, 1864; veteran. Ensinger, William, Sept. 2, 1861 ; missing in action at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, 1862. Frantz, David, Jan. 13, 1864 ; prisoner from May 2 to May 15, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866 ; veteran. Frantz, Henry, Jan. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866 j veteran. Ilickner, Peter, Jan. 13, 1864; prisoner from May 24, 1862, to June, 1863 ; wounded at Gulp's Farm, Ga., June 22, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866 ; veteran. Frautz, Alexander G., Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Fuller, Charles D., Sept. 2,1861; detected as being a female; disoh.,date unknown. Faith, Francis, July 13,1863; drafted; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 21, 1864. Foster, Francis A., Aug. 31, 1861; trans, to 42d Kegt. P. V. September, 1861. Fought, James E., Sept. 2, 1861. Geiger,- Peter, Jan. 13, 1864; must, out with company July 16,1866; veteran. Geiger, Frederick, Jan. 13, 1S64 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Gord, Jacob, Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 12, 1864, at exp. of term. Geiger, Jacob, Jan. 13, 1864; wounded in action with loss of leg; disch. May 27, 1866 ; veteran. Geiger, Joseph, Sept. 2, 1861 ; died July 31, 1864, of wounds received at Peach Tree Creek, Ga,, July 20, 1864; buried at Chattanooga, Tenn., grave 247. GrifQn, Archibald B., Sept. 2, 1861; mnst. out by special order July 5, 1866; veteran, Hamilton, William H., Jan. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866 ; veteran. Helmerick, Anthony, Jan. 13, 1864 ; prisoner from Feb. 27 to March 30, 1866 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Hiney, Samuel, March 7, 1864 ; captured near Bentonville, N, C,, March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Hammaker, Samuel, Feb, 24, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Hammaker, Henry, Feb, 19, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Head, Smith, Oct. 17, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Hancock, Andrew, July 14, 1863 ; drafted ; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Henderson, Elijah, July 14, 1863; drafted; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Hoke, Cornelius, Sept, 2, 1861 ; must, out Sept, 18, 1864, at exp. of term. Hancock, William, July 14, 1863; drafted; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Johnson, William, Jan. 13, 1864 ; prisoner from Feb. 28 to March 30, 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. June 2, 1866 ; veteran. Knouff, Henry, March 7, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Koppenhafer, Samuel, Feb. 23, 1864; absent, in arrest, at muster out; veteran. Kreiser, Peter, Feb. 19, 1864 ; must, out July 10, 1866. Kraft, George, July 14, 1863; drafted; absent, sick, at muster out. Kocher, John, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Doc. 12 1862. Kelloy, Orth N., July 13, 1864; drafted; prisoner from March 14 to April 2, 1865; disch. June 2, 1866. Koppenhafer, Daniel, Jan. 13, 1864; died Aug. 26, 1864, of wounds re- ceived at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864; buried at Chatta- nooga, Tenn., grave 503 ; vetei-au. GENERAL HISTORY. 163 KreiBer, John, Sept, 2, 1861 ; miBsing in action at CliancellorBville, Va., May 2, 1863. Liddicl^, Cyrus, Jan. 13,"1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865; veteran. • Lenhart, Samuel H., Feb. 29,1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Lehman, George, Aug. 6, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 8, 1866. Leibricli .George T., Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. by order of War Department Sept. 2, 1862. Long, Leonard, Sept. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps Teb. 16, 1864. Lyne, Thomas, Sept. 2, 1861 ; died Aug. 12, 1862, of wounds received at Cedar Mountain, Ta., Aug. 9, 1862. Laudcrabbe, Aug., July 26, 1863 ; drafted ; died March 7, 1864 ; buried at Stone River ; grave 144. Luce, William, July 26, 1863 ; drafted ; died Sept. 2, 1864, of wounds received at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864; buried at Chatta- nooga, Tenn.; grave 638. Maeder, Henry, Aug. 25, 1863; drafted; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Miller, William, Aug. 25, 1863; drafted; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Murton, Alfred, Aug. 25, 1863 ; drafted ; must, out June 28, 1866. Mountz, John, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct, 24, 1«62. Martin, Prank, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 21, 1862. Major, John C, July 2, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 7, 1865. Muman, Christopher, Aug. 6, 1864; disch. by 6. 0. June 8, 1866. Mease, Christopher, Feb. 17, 1864; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. Miller, David, Sept. 2, 1861. Miller, Alexander, Sept. 2, 1861. MoFarland, Charles E., Jan. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866 ; veteran. Mclutire, William, Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company July, 16, 1865. McCurdy, Archibald, July 14, 1863 ; drafted ; must, out with company July 16, 1865. McDevitt, John, Feb. 23, 1864; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. Mclntire, James, July 13, 1863; drafted. McCanal, Hugh, not must, into United States service. Ney, Daniel, Jan. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; vet- eran. Nooman, John, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 24, 1862. Ney, Levi, Jan. 13, 1864 ; died July, 1864, of wounds received at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864 ; veteran. Noriuger, Samuel, Sept. 2, 1861. Orth, Alexander M., Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Nov, 4, 1864, at exp. of term, Powley, Joseph, Jan. 31, 1864; prisoner from Feb, 27 to March 30, 1865; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Price, John, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. IB, 1863. Paulus, Jonathan, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 14, 1862. Powley, Simon, Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out October, 1864, at exp. of term. Parsons, Peter, Feb. 29, 1864 ; died at Decherd, Tenn., April 19, 1864. Eeigle, Mitchell, Jan. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866 ; veteran. Eeigle, William, Jan. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866 ; veteran. Eeese, James, Jan. 13, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1866; veteran. Eoottiger, Charles, July 25, 1864; disch. June 8, 1865, by G. 0. Seigfried, William, Jan. 13, 1864; wounded and prisoner at Cedar Moun- tain, Va., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; vet- eran. Spotts, John, Feb. 19, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Shelly, John, Jan. 13, 1834 ; wounded, with loss of leg, at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864; absent, in hospital, at muster out ; vet- eran. Sheets, Joseph J., July 30, 1864 ; prisoner ; absent, sick, at muster out. Sowers, Israel, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 19, 1862. Smith, Joseph J., Sept. 2, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 19, 1862. Sullenberger, Joseph, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 25, 1863. Shannon, James, Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 18, 1864, at exp. of term. Shcpler, John, Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 18, 1864, at exp. of term. Stingle, James, Aug. 30, 1862 ; disch. June 8, 1865, by G. 0. Smith, John, July 14, 1863 ; drafted; disch. June 5, 1865, by G. 0. Snoddy, William, Aug. 5, 1864; disch. June 8, 1865, by 6. 0. Snoddy, John, Aug. 6, 1864; disch. June 8, 1866, by G. 0. Shellenberger, Jeremiah, Aug. 6, 1864 ; disch. June 8, 1865, by G. 0. StoufTer, William, Aug. 6, 1864 ; disch. June 8, 1865, by G. 0. Stager, William H,, Aug. 6, 1864; disch. June 8, 1863, by G. 0. Saul, Levi, Aug. 6, 1864; disch. June 8, 1866, by G. 0. Stoutseberger, G. E., Feb. 19, 1864 ; died Feb. 27, 1866, of wounds re- ceived at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. Swayer, William, Sept. 2, 1861. Spotts, Aaron, Feb. 19, 1864; must, out July 16, 1865. Townsend, Thomas, March 2, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Tromble, Solomon , Jan. 13, 1864 ; prisoner from Aug. 9 to October, 1862 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Thoman, Samuel, Sept. 2, 1861 ; killed at Winchester, Va., May 26,1862; buried in National Cemetery, lot 18. Vanscoter, William, March 11,1864; wounded and missing at Peach Tree Creek, Ga,, July 20, 1864. Weaver, George, .Tan. 13, 1864; must, out with companyJuly 16,1865; veteran. Wambach, Jacob T,, Feb. 23, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865. White, James, Aug, 25, 1863 ; drafted ; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Waltermire, Wesley, Aug. 6, 1864 ; disch. June 8, 1865, by G. 0. Wenrich, Amos M., Sept. 2. 1861 ; drowned at dam No. 6, Maryland, Jan . 31, 1862. Wenrich, John J., Sept. 2, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Wanisher, Samuel, Sept. 2, 1861 ; killed in action June 19, 1864. Zeiger, Cyrus, Jan. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Zeigler, James M., Feb. 29, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUN- TEERS. This regiment, recruited principally in the counties of Cambria, Somerset, Dauphin, Northampton, and Lehigh, in 1861, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, and was organized by the selection of the following field- officers : Jacob M. Campbell, of Cambria County, colonel; Barnabas McDermit, of Cambria County, lieutenant-colonel ; John P. Linton, of Cambria County, major. Col. Campbell and many of the offi- cers and men had served during the three monthis' campaign, and Lieut.-Col. McDermit possessed mili- tary experience acquired in the Mexican war. The men were drilled by squads and companies while in camp, and Company F, Capt. Davis, for some time performed guard duty at the State arsenal. On the 27th of February, 1862, the regiment was ordered to Washington, and upon its arrival went into camp near Bladensburg Cemetery. Here the altered flint-lock muskets furnished by the State were exchanged for the Belgian rifles. On the 29.th of March the regi- ment was ordered to proceed to Harper's Ferry, and report to Col. Miles. Upon his arrival Col. Campbell was directed to make a disposition of his force along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and Company F, Capt. G. W. P. Davis, was stationed at Sleepy Creek Bridge, seventeen miles west of Mar- tinsburg. The country through which that portion of the railroad runs, which the regiment was required to guard, was considered by the rebels as their own territory, and the majority of the population in the vicinity was rebel at heart. Numerous guerrilla bands, led by daring and reckless chieftains, roved the coun- try, pillaging and burning the property of Union inhabitants, and watchful for an opportunity to burn 164 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. the railroad bridges, cut the wires of the telegraph, and destroy the road. To guard this great thorough- fare, of vital importance to the government, to sup- press guerrilla warfare, to affbrd protection to the harassed and helpless people, was the duty which the regiment was assigned to perform. Col. Campbell at once assumed the offensive, and hunted them instead of waiting to let them hunt him. Almost daily, from some part of the line, squads were sent out to engage and capture these roving bands led by such partisans as Edwards, White, Imboden, and McNeil, and njany were brought in. On Sunday morning, the 25th of May, 1862, all the locomotives on the railroad west of Harper's Ferry were hurried through to Cumberland, the engineers bringing the first intelligence of the retreat of Banks and the approach of Stonewall Jackson to Martins- burg. At nine o'clock that night Col. Campbell re- ceived the following dispatch from Col. Miles : " Con- centrate your regiment at South Branch. Gen. Banks defeated and driven through Martinsburg. Expect an attack here hourly. Mean to fight." The success of Jackson, and the consequent withdrawal from the road, had inspired the roving bands with new life, and they became more troublesome than ever, wandering up and down the country, pillaging indiscriminately from friend and foe. The several companies were kept constantly on the alert, and with an energy and enterprise rarely equaled, the territory was scoured, Inany of the squads penetrating the interior twenty and thirty miles, ca.pturing and dispersing the guer- rillas, restoring stolen property, and successfully pro- tecting and preserving the road. The rebel army having defeated McClellan upon the Peninsula, and Pope at Bull Eun, was now ad- vancing into Maryland on the Antietam campaign. On the 11th of September his advance guard reached Back Creek. Communication with Col. Miles was severed, and soon after Harper's Ferry was invested by Jackson, the post, garrison, and immense military stores falling into the hands of the enemy. Col. Campbell telegraphed to Gen. Kelly, in command in West Virginia, for orders. Kelly declined to give any, but advised the withdrawal from the road. This the colonel decided not to follow and clung to his position, which had now become perilous, his little band of nine hundred men, without artillery or cav- alry, bfing the only Union forces at that time in the hostile territory of Virginia. After the battle of Antietam, Gen. McClellan, un- aware of the presence of any Union troops south of the Potomac, sent a cavalry force to picket the Maryland shore. Seeing soldiers in blue across the river they regarded Col. Campbell's men as rebels in disguise, and it was with difficulty that they could be unde- ceived. Upon the surrender of Miles the brigade to which the regiment belonged had disappeared. A report to the general-in-chief soon brought an order attaching it to Gen. Franklin's command. Soon afterwards the regiment was attached to the command of Gen. Morrell, left for the defense, of the Upper Potomac, and subsequently, upon the organ- ization of the Eighth Army Corps, it was assigned to the Third Brigade of the Second Division, com- manded by Gen. Kelly. On the 29th of January, 1863, the Fifty-fourth was attached to the Fourth Brigade of the First Division, department of West Virginia, Col. Campbell in command of the brigade, and Lieut.-Col. Linton of the regiment. On the 3d of April, the enemy having attacked a forage train above Burlington, the Fifty-fourth, with a battalion of cavalry, was sent in pursuit. At Purgitsville the rebel cavalry was encountered and driven, and some prisoners taken. The regiment continued here, scout- ing the country and capturing guerrillas who infested the region, until the 30th of June, when it moved to New Creek in anticipation of an attack upon Graf- ton. On the 6th of July, Gen. Kelly moved his com- mand, by forced marches, to co-operate with the Army of the Potomac, now driving the enemy from the field of Gettysburg. On the 10th he came upon the rebel pickets, and upon the withdrawal of the rebel army into Virginia he followed up the retreat, and on the 19tb was heavily engaged. During the night he learned through a scout that the enemy in force was moving on his rear and immediately retreated into Maryland, leaving the Fifty-fourth alone upon the Virginia shore. The enemy approached and threw a few shells into its lines, but soon retired. On the 6th of November the brigade moved to Spring- field, where a reorganization of the; command took place, the Fifty-fourth being assigned to the First Brigade of the Second Division, Col. Campbell in command. On the 4th of January, 1864, Gen. Kelly appre- hending an attack upon Cumberland, Col. Campbell, with part of his command, was ordered to its defense. A month later Company F, while guarding the rail- road bridge at Patterson's Creek, was attacked by a party of the enemy under the notorious Harry Gil- mor in the garb of Union soldiers. By this decep- tion the rebels reached the picket line unsuspected, when they dashed into the camp, and after a short struggle compelled its surrender. Three of the com- pany were killed and several wounded. After the surrender, Gilmor, with his own hand, shot and in- stantly killed Corporal Gibbs, an act which should stamp its perpetrator with infamy. Col. Campbell, at his own request, was relieved from the command of his brigade and assumed charge of his regiment. About this time Gen. Sigel relieved Gen. Kelly, and immediately commenced preparations for a cam- paign in the Shenandoah Valley. On the 15th of May, while pushing his columns up the valley, Sigel struck a force of the enemy, unexpectedly large, under Gen. Breckinridge, near New Market, prepared to offer battle. Confident of his ability to drive the opposing force, Sigel disposed his troops for battle. At the GENERAL HrSTORY. 165 opening of the battle, the cavalry in passing to the rear threw the infantry into some confusion, breaking through its lines. Steadily the enemy moved forward to the attack, his long lines overlapping both flanks of Sigel's force. The artillery was plied with excel- lent effect, but could not stay the rebel columns. Ar- riving within easy musket range, the infantry of both sides opened simultaneously a heavy and mutually destructive fire. For some time the battle raged with great fury, but the enemy's superiority of numbers at length prevailed, and the Union lines were forced back, the Fifty-fourth retiring in good order, return- ing the fire of the enemy until he ceased to pursue. Sigel retreated to Cedar Creek, where he threw up defensive works. The loss of the regiment in this engagement was one hundred and seventy-four killed, wounded, and missing. During the remaining summer months the regiment participated in the marches and counter-marches of the command, the exact object of which was prob- ably best known to its leader. Upon the assumption of the chief command by Gen. Sheridan, the army was reorganized and prepared for an active campaign. The Fifty-fourth marched with the command to Cedar Creek, participating in a series of heavy skirmishes, and with it fell back to Halltown. Here it remained until August 28th, when the enemy having disap- peared from its front the whole force marched to Charlestown, and on the 3d of September to Berry- ville. On the day of its arrival a severe engagement occurred, lasting far into the night and ending in the complete repulse of the enemy. For four days the Army of West Virginia, now known as the Eighth Corps, bivouacked near Berryville, and was then transferred from the extreme left of the infantry line to the extreme right, at Summit Point. Here the Fifty-fourth remained until the 19th, repairing, as far as possible, the ravages of the campaign, distributing supplies, and assigning recruits, convalescents, and veterans returned from furlough. On the 19th of December the main body of Sheri- dan's army marched from the valley to join Grant in front of Petersburg. The Fifty^fourth moved to Washington and thence to City Point, arriving on the 23d, and encamped on Chapin's farm. It was assigned to duty in the Army of the James. Upon the muster out of service of the Third and Fourth Eeserve Regiments in May, 1864, the veterans and recruits were at first organized into an independ- ent battalion, which was subsequently united to the Fifty-fourth. On the 7th of February, 1865, the term of original enlistments having expired, an order from the War Department directed that the two or- ganizations should be consolidated under the name of the Fifty-fourth Regiment. This was effected, and it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Independent Division of the Army of the James, commanded by Gen. Ord. On the morning of the 2d of April the regiment was ordered to join in the general forward movement of the army, and proceeding with the brigade crossed the rebel works near the Boydton Plank Road, now abandoned, and approached Fort Gregg. Here a spirited resistance was offered, and it was not until a hot fire of infantry and artillery had been brought to bear upon the enemy that he yielded. In this brief engagement the regiment lost twenty killed and wounded. The rebel army having been routed from its works about Petersburg, was retreating rapidly towards the North Carolina border. On the 5th of April two regiments, the Fifty-fourth Pennsylvania and the One Hundred and Twenty-third Ohio, Col. Kellogg, with two companies of the Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry, Col. Washburn, were ordered to make a forced march to High Bridge and effect its destruc- tion for the purpose of cutting the enemy's way of retreat and delaying his columns. Arrived at Rice's Station, Gen. Read, of Ord's staff, took command, and when within sight of the bridge made his dispo- sitions for the attack. Before the column could be formed, word was brought that the vedettes at Rice's had been driven ; nothing daunted, the little force promptly attacked. But the enemy had taken ample precautions for the safety of this their main avenue of escape, and after a desperate struggle, in which Gen. Read was killed. Cols. Kellogg and Washburn wounded and taken prisoners, and a large proportion of the command killed or prisoners, surrounded on all sides by the main columns of the enemy's infantry and cavalry, it was forced to surrender. The loss of the Fifty-fourth was twenty-one killed and wounded. The captives were taken back to Rice's, where, to their astonishment, they beheld Longstreet's corps intrenched, having come up but a few moments after Read's column had passed in the morning. The attack, though failing in its immediate pur- pose, subserved the main end ; for Lee's columns were thereby delayed several hours, enabling Sheridan to sweep around the enemy's rear and complete the de- struction and capture of that once proud and defiant army. For four days, without rations, the captives marched with the retreating rebel army, when to their great joy they were released from their captivity and their starving condition by Grant's victorious columns. From Appomattox Court-House the regiment was sent to Camp Parole, at Annapolis, Md., and on the 15th of July was mustered out of service at Harris- burg. KOLL OF COMPANY F, FIFTT-FOUKTH' BEGIMBNT (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). BecruUed at Sarrisburg. Captains. George W. P. Davis, Oct. 8, 1861 ; res. March 16, 1863, on surg. certif. of disability. John W. Hibler, Dec. 20, 1861 ; pro. from Ist lieut. July 11, 1863 ; cap- tured ; died at AndersonyiUe, Ga., Aug. 14, 1864; grave 1298. l^irst Lieutenants. William H. Miller, Nov. 1, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. July 4, 1864; to 1st lieut. Nov. 30, 1S64; trans, to Co. G Dec. 14, 1864. 166 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Lewis Eehr, Oct. 22, 1861 ; pro. from sergt.-maj. to Ist lieut. March 27, 1864; to capt. Co. B Nov. 30, 1864; veteran. Second lAeutenanis. Robert Hamersley, Dec. 2, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Feb. 25, 1862 ; res. Sept. 4, 1863. John W. Burgien, Sept. 2, 1862; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. iDec. 14, 1864 ; trans, to Co. B, date unknown. First Sergeants, Barclay Cane, March 14, 1864 ; com. 1st lieut. April 3, 1865 ; not must. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865 ; veteran. Henry Boat, Dec. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Joseph B. Hummel, March 14, 1864 ; com. 2d lieut. April 3, 1865 ; not must, ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865; veteran. Henry Wolford, March 14, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865 ; veteran. John G. Strayer, March 14, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865 ; veteran. William Holmes, March 14, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 186S-; veteran. John Boat, Dec. 2, 1861 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., June 28, 1864 ; grave 2602. Benjamin Dilley, Dec. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, date unknown. Henry K. Algert, Dec. 2, 1861; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., May 9, 1864; grave 975. Corporals. Thomas McClure, March 14, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865; veteran. Samuel Dunham, March 13,1864; must, out with company July 15, 1865; veteran. Joseph Shoap, Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; veteran. Allen L. Boyle, March 31, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866 ; veteran. Samuel D. Hummel, March 14, 1864;jdi8oh by G. 0. May 31, 1866; veteran. Daniel W. Young, March 14, 1864; pro. to Corp. March 1, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. May 31, 186S ; veteran. John H. KauflFman, March 14, 1864; pro. to Corp. March 1, 1865; disch. by 6. 0. May 31, 1866 ; veteran. Keese Davis, March 31, 1864 ; discli. by G. 0. May 31, 1866. Archibald Rex, Dec. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, and reduced to the ranks, date unknown ; veteran. ■William H. Craig, Dec. 2, 1861. David B. McDonald, Dec. 2, 1861. Francis Carman, Dec. 2, 1861 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., April 4, 1864; grave 365. Amos Kinehard, Dec. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Alonzo Hannis, Dec. 2, 1861. Musidans. Christopher C. Bennett, Dec. 10, 1863; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. William Ehler, Dec. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Kobert McDonald, Dec. 2, 1861; ndt on mnster-out roll. Privatee. Anthony, Isaac, Feb. 12, 1863 ; trans, to Co. E, date unknown. Abel, Jerome, Feb. 25, 1862 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 29, 1864 ; grave 2648. Bagnul, John, Oct. 4, 1861 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Bennett, Wesley, March 3, 1864; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Bennett, Robert, March 14, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 • veteran. Bennett, William, March 14, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866- vet- eran. Belton, Daniel, Feb. 5, 1863; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Berkeybill, George, Oct. 27, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31 1866. Bidler, Samuel, March 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Bell, Richard L., April 14, 1864; killed near Petersburg April 2 1865- veteran. Brindle, John, April 5, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Bannister, Thonnis, Dec. 2,1861. Barr, Augustus J,, Dec. 2, 1861; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., April 22, 1864; grave 673. Bast,- William, Jan. 2, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Baney, Moses. Jan. 2, 1862; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Boyer, John, Jan. 2, 1862 ; not on mnster-out roll. Brookes, George W., Jan. 23, 1862. Blank, William H., Feb. 26, 1862 ; prisoner from Feb. 2 to Dec. 16, 1864 ; must, out April 13, 1865, at exp. of term. Colley, Richard, Oct. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Clush, William, April 22, 1864; must, out with company July 15, 1866 Oamerer, Aloysius, March 14, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865; veteran. Carbitt, Peter, Aug. 1, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Conley, George, March 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865; veteran. Cowen, William, Oct. 27, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866. Growers, Samuel, Jan. 26, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866. Growers, John G., Oct.- 7, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Cassady, James, Oct. 20, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, date unknown. Chi-istner, Samuel, March 17, 1864; trans, to Co. C, date unknown, trider, Daniel H., March 14, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Copple, Franklin, Dec. 2, 1861 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., June 30, 1864; grave 2695. Chore, Michael, Jan. 2, 1862 ; prisoner from Feb. 2 to Dec. 10, 1864; must, out Feb. 13, 1865, at exp. of term. Cliuk, Henry, Feb. 17, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Deihl, Jacob G., Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Depher, John, March 14, 1864; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; veteran. Dougherty, Patrick, March 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865; veteran. Day, James F., March 6, 1864; trans, to Co. E, date unknown. Dayspring, George, Feb. 22, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. DeHaven, George, Dec. 2, 1861. Deily, Elwin, Jan. 2, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Dobbs, James, Jan. 23, 1862. Diffenderfer, Robert, Dec, 2, 1861 ; prisoner from Feb. 2 to Nov. 30, 1 864 ; must, out Feb. 6, 1866, at exp. of term. Ehrett, Charles, Aug. 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866. Buritt, Christian, May 30, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866. Eichelberger, H., Dec. 2, 1861. Filer, Matthew, Nov. 3, 1862 ; trans, to Co. C, date unknown. Folckhomer, R., March 17, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Francis, John, March 8, 1866 ; not on muster-out roll. Finkley, George W., Jan. 2, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Fry, Tilghman, Jan. 2, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, date unknown ; veteran. Ferrel, Jacob, Feb. 17, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Farlan, Joseph, Feb. 26, 1862 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., June 18,1864; grave 2165. Gahman, William, Aug. 17. 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Goughenour, David, March 14, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866; veteran. Gore, John A,, March 14, 1864 ; disch. by G, 0. May 31, 1865 ; veteran. Gearhart, J. W. P., Feb. 26, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Geisinger, John, Feb. 16, 1865 ; trans, to Co. G, date unknown. Gindlesperger, P., Feb. 26, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Gindlesperger, M., Nov. 3, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, date unknown. Gramling, A. S., Nov. 3, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, date unknown. Gibhs, Mason, Dec. 2, 1861 ; died, date unknown ; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, Md., Sec. 26, lot F, grave 597. GrifTey, Jeremiah, Dec. 2, 1861 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864; grave 7627. Geiss, Christian, Jan. 23,. 1862; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., March 23, 1864 ; grave 131. Hummell, Benjamin P., March 14, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; veteran. Hert, George, March 17, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Haines, William, Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1866. Hammei-s, Martin, Feb. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1866. Henshew, Joseph, April 4, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 6, 1866. Hoifmau, Milton, Feb. 22, 1864; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Huff, Arthur, Dec. 2, 1861 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Qa., May 14,1864; grave 1080. Hodes, William, Jan. 2, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Hoffman, Jones, Jan. 23, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Hull, Godfried, March 25, 1864 ; prisoner from July 24, 1864, to Feb. 21 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. June 27, 1866. Inglert, John, March 14, 1864 ; prisoner from May 16 to Nov. 27, 1864! disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865 ; veteran. Jones, Lewis J., March 14, 1864 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran. Jordan, John, March 31, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865 ; veteran. Kramer, Qottleib, Feb. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31 1865. Kiper, George S., Aug. 25, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. ' GENERAL HISTORY. 167 Koowlden, John, March 5, 1863 ; not on muster-out roll. Keech, Henry, Dec. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Kreigher, George, Dec. 2, 1861; captured; died at Richmond, Va., Feb. 23, 1864. Kercher, David, Dec. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Kreiger, Simon, Jan. 2, 1862 ; must, out Jan. 11, 1S65, at exp. of term. Kreiger, Martin, Jan. 2, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Kidman, John, Feb. 20, 1862; not on muster-out roll: Little, William J., Feb. 12, 1863; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Litz, Andrew W., March 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 14, 1866, to date May 24, 1866. Lynn, Felix, Jan. 7, 1864 ; ti-ana. to Co. H., date unknown. Leonard, Charles, Dec. 2, 1861 ; must, out Jan. 6, 1865, to date exp. of term. Lorhle, Simon, Dec. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Ludgate, John, Dec. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Lynch, Charles, Dec. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 30, 1862. Long, Isaac, Jan. 2, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Miller, Owen, Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out July 15, 1866 ; veteran. Mover, Lewis, March 16, 1864 ; prisoner from May 16, 1864, to March 16, 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. July 20, 1865. Minnieh, Joseph, Jan. 27, 1862 ; disch. by G. O.May 31, 1866; veteran. Murphy, John H., Sept. 26, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866. Miller, Thomas, Feb. 28, 1862; disch. by G. O. May 31, 1865; veteran. Morris, George, April 14, 1864; killed at Petersburg April 2, 1866; veteran. Miller, Tobias, March 8, 1864; not on muster-out roll; veteran. Midenaught, Michael, Jan. 21, 1862 ; prisoner from Oct. 19, 1864, to Feb. 28, 1866; disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1866, to date May 22, 1865. Maine, John, Deo. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Menges, Israel, Dec. 2, 1861; prisoner from Feb. 2 to Nov. 18, 1864; disch. June 9, 1866, to date exp. of term. May, Francis, Dec. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. McOlellan, Charles, March 6, 1804 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31,1866 ; veteran. McLane, William, Oct. 4, 1861 ; prisoner from April 6 to April 9, 1865 ; disch. June 5, 1865, to date May 16, 1866. Nicholson, Silas, March 12, 1864; not on muster-out i-oU; veteran. Nine, Joseph, Jan. 2, 1862; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., April 14, 1864 ; grave 638. Owens, Noah, March 14, 1864;disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866; veteran. Oberly, Joseph, Feb. 3, 1862 ; trans, to Co. K. date unknown. O'Neal, William, Feb. 22, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. O'Conner, John, Feb. 20, 1862. Pyle, James, Dec. 2, 1861. Petreskey, Herman, Dec. 2, 1861; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., April 12, 1864 ; grave 600. Painter, Michael, Dec. 2, 1861. Patterson, John, Jan. 23, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 27, 1865, at exp. of term. ' Powers, Pierce, Dec. 2, 1861 ; prisoner from Feb. 2 to Nov. 19, 1864 ; must, out Jan. 9, 1865, to date exp. of term. Prosser, Alexander, Jan. 30, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Rogers, Joseph, Mai'ch 14, 1864 ; prisoner from May 15 to Dec. 7, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865 ; veteran. Bust, Albert, Nov. 5, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865 ; veteran. Eehrig, George, Feb. 9, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 22, 1865, to date July 15, 1866. Bhineshith, David, March 16, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Eies, Philip, March 18, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1866 ; veteran. Bosenberger, Martin, March 18, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Row, Henry, Dec. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, date unknown ; veteran. Bush, Stephen L., Dec. 2, 1861 ; died at Annapolis, Md., April 2, 1864. Bake, James D., Jan. 2, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Beed, Adam H., Feb. 17, 1862. Boss, James, Feb. 24, 1864. Roberts, Henry S., Aug. 17, 1861; prisoner from June 19 to Nov. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. April 27, 1866. Smith, John H., Feb. 17, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865. Stull, Joseph, Feb. 9, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Smith, David, Jan. 14, 1865 ; absent at muster out. Sims, John W., Aug. 21, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Steffen, John, Feb. 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Sims, Andrew J., July 19, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Sourbrine, Lewis, Feb. 16, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Steedman, William C, Dec. 2, 1861 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept: 17, 1864 ; grave 9012. Steedman, Marvin, Dec. 2, 1861 ; captured ; died at Eiohmond, Va., April 10, 1864. Sexton, John, Dec. 2, 1861; not on muster-out roll; veteran. Schiffert, Jacob, Jan. 23, 1862; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., June 4, 1864 ; grave 1620. Stetler, Jacob, Jan. 23, 1862 ; not on muater-out roll. Spitzfaden, Andrew, Feb, 25, 1862 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., May 13, 1864 ; grave 1058. Stephenson, Frank. Teeters, Nathaniel, Feb. 17, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Thomas, Peter, Feb. 26, 4862 ; not on muster-out roll. Ulrich, Jacob, March 10, 1865 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Vonhoff, Philip, Dec. 2, 1861. Weaver, John B., Feb. 24, 1866 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Weddler, Henry, March 14, 1864; prisoner from May 15 to Dec. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866 ; veteran. Warn, Wesley, Feb. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. Wolford, Valentine, March 14, 1864; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Weiss, Francis S., Dec. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, date unknown ; vet- eran. Weiss, James, Dec. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, date unknown ; veteran. White, Robert, Dec. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. West, Christian, Jan. 23, 1862 ; must, out Jan. 24, 1866, at exp. of team. Werner, Aaron, Feb. 26, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 16, 1862, Wetherhold,, Charles, Feb. 25, 1862 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 7, 1864 ; grave 4966. Wald, John, Jan. 2, 1862. FIETY-FIFTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUN- TEERS. The Fifty-fifth Regiment was recruited, under au- thority granted by Governor Gurtin to Col. Richard White, during the summer and autumn of 1861, of which Company G was raised in Dauphin County. The regiment rendezvoused at Camp Gurtin, where an organization was effected by the choice of field- officers. Three of the companies, B, E, and G, were for a time stationed at Camp Cameron, near Harris- burg, under the command of Col. Thomas A. Zeigle, and were instructed by regular army oflBcers. On the 22d of November the regiment, thirty-eight oflBcers and seven hundred and fifty-seven men, left Camp Gurtin and proceeded to Fortress Monroe. Drill and discipline, which had been commenced at Camp Gurtin, was here resumed, and the command was brought to a good degree of efficiency. On the 8th of December, in company with the Forty-fifth, Seventy-sixth, and Ninety-seventh Regiments, it em- barked for South Carolina, arriving at Port Royal on the 12th. The Fifty-fifth was immediately sent out to guard the small islands and approaches to the west of Hilton Head, where it remained until the 25th of February, 1862, when it was transferred to Edisto Island. While on duty here a series of attacks were made by the enemy in large force upon the com- panies, scattered as they necessarily were in holding the UnioQ outstretched lines upon the coast. The most determined of these was made on the 29th of March, when Companies E, F, and G, posted at the head of the island, nearly twelve miles from the headquarters of the regiment, were attacked by a force of the enemy estimated at two thousand. The action which ensued was severe, but the rebels were signally repulsed, with a loss to the three companies of about twenty killed and wounded. Gen. Evans, who was in command of the enemy, afterwards re- ported to the rebel government that he bad made a 168 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. reconnoisance upon Edisto Island, and had found the enemy six thousand strong. During the summer the only troops upon the island were those of the Fifty-fifth, and the duty, performed beneath a Southern sun, was very severe. On the 21st of October the regiment accompanied Gen. Brannan on an expedition, consisting of about four thousand troops, up Broad River. The command landed, under cover of gunboats, at Mackey's Point, and immediately advanced on Pocotaligo Bridge, the object of the movement being to destroy the Charles- ton and Savannah Railroad. At eight o'clock on the morning of the 22d the enemy was met at Caston, but were soon driven. At Frampton he made another stand, and after a sharp engagement was again driven, and retreated across the Pocotaligo River, burning the bridge as he withdrew. „Here he took a strong position, and being largely reinforced from Charles- ton, held his ground during six hours, in which the battle fiercely raged. Unable to gain an advantage, the ammunition being nearly exhausted, the Union forces withdrew under cover of night and returned to Hilton Head. The Fifty-fifth lost in this engage- ment twenty-nine killed and wounded. Near the close of the action, while bravely leading his men against a masked battery, Capt. Horace C. Bennett was killed. The regiment was now stationed at Beaufort, S. C, where it remained for mo're than a year, performing picket duty at Port Royal Ferry, ten miles from the town, and also serving in the capacity of heavy ar- tillery upon the fortifications. On the 1st of January, 1864, the majority of the men re-enlisted for a second term of three years, and on the 22d departed for Harrisburg, where, upon their arrival, they were dismissed for a veteran fur- lough. On the 23d of March the veterans and re- cruits returned to South Carolina, where the regi- ment, now numbering twelve bundred and fifty efiective men, remained for three weeks engaged in drill and guard duty. On the 12th of April it em- barked for Virginia, and landed at Gloucester Point, opposite Yorktown. Here the regiment was assigned to the Third Brigade (Col. Richard White), Third Division, Tenth Corps, Army of the James. Gen. Butler was here organizing his forces, consist- ing of about forty thousand men, to operate against Richmond by the right bank of the James. Embark- ing upQu transports, the Tenth Corps moved up the river and landed at Bermuda Hundred, with the de- sign of seizing and fortifying the peninsula between the Appomattox and the James as a base of operations. Advancing ten miles west, encountering little oppo- ^tion, the troops were set to work throwing up in- trenchments across the head of the peninsula, and soon had the neck of the " bottle'' closed. On the 9th of May, Ames' division moved out of the works and destroyed the Richmond and Peters- burg Railroad for a distance of two miles. Gen. Ames then marched upon the turnpike towards Petersburg as far as Swift Creek, where 'he met the enemy well posted, and immediately attacked, the contest continuing until evening. Early on the fol- lowing morning Ames learned that Terry's division, in his rear, had been attacked. Facing his columns about and advancing, he soon encountered the rebel forces, and drove them as far as Drury's Bluff, near Richmond. On the 18th the Union forces were again pushed forward towards Richmond, but found the enemy strongly intrenched in a double line of works behind Proctor's Creek. The outer line was carried, and Gillmore's troops continued the contest during the 14th and 15th, flankipg the rebel position. But he had now been reinforced by troops from Charles- ton, and Gen. Beauregard was in command. Seeing that the Union lines were greatly extended, and in many parts thereby greatly wealfened, the rebel leader moved out of his intrenchments at night, and early on the morning of the 16th, under cover of a dense fog, fell upon the left flank with sudden and overpowering force. The Fifty-fifth occupied a position near the extreme left, and felt the full force of the enemy's blows. Again and again he advanced to the charge. Portions of the line gave way. The Fifty-fifth stood side by side with the Fourth New Hampshire and gallantly held its ground, until, out- flanked and nearly surrounded, it was in danger of being captured. Col. White, as a last resort, selected three companies, C, D, and E, of his own regiment, and charged full upon the head of the advancing column. But it could not be broken, and the line was forced to yield. The loss in this engagement was very severe, being in killed, wounded, and prisoners, including those from May 9th, when the fighting commenced, fifteen commissioned ofiicers and three hundred enlisted men. The colonel, lieutenant- colonel, and adjutant were among the prisoners, and Lieut. John H. Barnhart was among the killed. The command of the regiment devolved upon Capt. John C. Shearer. The army now fell back to its intrenched line at Bermuda Hundred, and the regiment was subse- quently engaged in several minor skirmishes. On the morning of the 20th of May the enemy attacked the picket line on Forster's plantation at daylight. One- half of the Fifty-fifth was in position and made a stern resistance, holding its ground until the yield- ing of the forces on right and left made it necessary for it to fall back to save itself from capture. Butler, having completed his preparations, was upon the point of moving upon the enemy's lines about Petersburg, when he received orders from Grant to detach a heavy force under Gen. " Baldy" Smith and send it to the support of the Army of the Poto- mac. The Fifty-fifth was one of the regiments selec- ted for this purpose, and was assigned to the First Brigade (Gen. Stannard), Second Division (Gen. Martindale), Eighteenth Corps. Moving in transports GENERAL HISTORY. 169 down the James and up the York Rivers, the corps debarked at West Point, and marched via White House to Cold Harbor, where, on the 1st of June, it met the enemy, who was engaging the Sixth Corps. The line of battle was immediately formed and charged the enemy's works, capturing a line of rifle- pits and taking a large number of prisoners. The contest was continued during the 1st and 2d, but the principal charge was made on the morning of the 3d. Stannard's brigade was selected for the attack, and was formed in columns of regiments, in which the Fifty -fifth was the third. As it swept forward to the desperate work the intense fire of the enemy caused Jibe front lines to waver, and finally to fall back in confusion upon the third, which was also momen- tarily deranged. Capt. Shearer, in command, was wounded, and scarcely had the next in rank, Capt. Nesbitt, assumed it when he also was stricken down, and it devolved upon Capt. Hill, who soon restored order and held his position, now in the front line. During the night breastworks were thrown up, which were occupied until the night of the 12th, when the entire army withdrew. The loss in killed and wounded was four commissioned officers and one hundred and thirty-four enlisted men. In conducting this withdrawal from the enemy's front the Fifty- fifth was deployed in the front line of works, while the regiments successively fell back in the stillness of the night until all had retired without casualties or disturbance. Marching back to White House, the corps again embarked on transports, and moved, via the Pamun- key, York, and James Elvers, to Point of Rocks, on the Appomattox, where it debarked, and early on the morning of the 15th advanced on the enemy's works in front of Petersburg, capturing eighteen guns and four hundred prisoners. On the following morning Gen. Stannard ordered Capt. Hill to go forward with his regiment as skirmishers. He promptly advanced in the face of a hot fire and gained a position close up to the enemy's lines, but not without serious loss. On the 18th, Stannard's brigade, occupying the ex- treme right of the line, resting on the Appomattox, was again deployed for a charge. In front was an . open field, commanded by the enemy's infantry and artillery, across which it must pass. Never faltering, the Fifty-fifth, which faced the ground most exposed, . pushed forward obedient to command, and in less than ten minutes, while crossing this open field, it lost three commissioned officers and eighty enlisted men,— more than half of its effective strength,— a large proportion killed. On the evening of the 29th the corps moved to the rear of the position held by the Ninth Corps, and upon the explosion of the mine, on the morning of the 30th, it was held in readiness to support the as- saulting column ; but the attack failed, and without being called into action, it returned to its old position on the Appomattox. For two months the regiment was engaged in duties incident to a siege, being con- stantly exposed to the fire of artillery, and the musk- etry of the pickets and sharpshooters, scarcely a day passing without some loss. During the night of September 28th the regiment crossed the James, and marched to participate in the attack about to be made by the Army of the James upon Chapin's Bluff'. The capture of Fort Harrison was effected on the morning of the following day, but the Fifty-fifth being held in support of the attacking troops, did not become engaged. In the afternoon it was determined to carry the works beyond, and at four o'clock, Col. Jourdan, rn command of the brig- ade, ordered the Fifty-fifth to charge, and take a re- doubt in the enemy's second line. The One Hundred and Fifty-eighth New York was deployed to support it, by advancing through the woods on the left, and the One Hundred and Forty-eighth New York to act as skirmishers on the right. The Fifty-fifth advanced over the open ground in front, a quarter of a mile, under a concentrated fire from three redoubts, sup- ported by a heavy body of infantry. Bravely stem- ming a torrent of shot and deadly minie-balls, it moved steadily on, and reached a point within twenty yards of the work, when its ranks almost annihilated, and supports failing to come up, it was forced to fall back, leaving the dead and most of the wounded upon the field to fall into the hands of the enemy. Of five commissioned officers and one hundred and fifty enlisted men who marched at the word of com- mand, three officers and seventy-eight men were either killed, wounded, or missing. Lieut. Blaney Adair was among the killed, and Capt. John O'Niel mortally wounded. On the following day the rebels made three attacks on Fort Harrison, but in each they were repulsed with terrible slaughter. In November, the colors which had been originally presented to the regiment by the Governor before leaving the State, carried in all its campaignings, and latterly almost constantly enshrouded in the smoke and fire of battle, having become badly tattered, ap- plication was made for a new stand, which was promptly forwarded. The staff" and the few remaining shreds of the old one were deposited in the capitol. In December the white troops of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps were consolidated, and formed the Twenty-fourth Corps. The Fifty-fifth was assigned to the Fourth Brigade of the First Division, and was henceforward engaged in performing picket and guard duty on the left bank of the James. On the 10th of December, while stationed at the redoubt on Signal Hill, near the extreme right of our lines, it was attacked by a portion of Longstreet's corps. The demonstrations were feebly made, and were easily re- pulsed. On the 21st of December, upon the muster out of service of Lieut.-Col. Bennett, at the expira- tion of his term, Maj. Filler was promoted to succeed him, and Capt. James Metzger was promoted to ito HISTOEY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. On the 27th of March, 3865, the First and Second Divisions of the Twenty-fourth Corps, and one divis- ion of the Twenty-fifth Corps, under command of Gen. Ord, broke camp, and crossing the James and the Appomattox, proceeded by the rear of the army to Hatcher's Eun, and on the morning of the 29th relieved the Second Corps, which moved out still farther to the left. During the 30th and 31st a part of the regiment was on the picket-line near the run, and in the general advance which was made, skir- mished with the enemy, losing two men killed, and one commissioned officer and seventeen enlisted men wounded. On the morning of April 2d, in breaking through the enemy's lines, the Fourth Brigade, to which the regiment belonged, commanded by Gen. Fairchild, with the balance of the division, charged Forts Gregg and Baldwin, which, after a strong resistance, were carried, the Fifty-fifth being the first to occupy the latter. The loss here was one commissioned officer killed, and one commissioned officer and four en- listed men wounded. On the morning of April 3d, having ascertained that the rebels had evacuated Petersburg during the previous night. Gen. Ord's col- umn was pushed forward to cut off their line of re- treat at Burksville Junction. By a forced march along the South Side Railroad, Ord reached the Junc- tion on the evening of the 5th, a distance of about sixtymiles. Resuming the march on the following morning, it hastened forward, seven miles farther, to Rice's Station, the Fifty-fifth leading the column as skirmishers, and losing nine men wounded. At the Station Ord held his position, cutting off the direct way of retreat to Danville, and forcing the rebel col- umn towards Lynchburg. At daylight on the 7th, Ord resumed the march, with the design of again cutting the rebel line of retreat. He reached Appo- mattox Court-House, a distance of forty-two miles, early on the morning of the 9th, in advance of Lee's columns, and with Sheridan's cavalry held firmly the only avenue of escape. " Sheridan," says Greeley, " was with his cavalry near the court-house, when the Army of Virginia made its last charge. By his order his troops, who were in line of battle, dismounted, gave ground gradually, while showing a steady front, so as to allow our weary infantry time to form and take position. This effected, the horsemen moved swiftly to the right and dismounted, revealing lines of solid infantry in battle array, before whose wall of gleaming bayonets the astonished enemy recoiled in blank despair, as Sheridan and his troopers, passing briskly around the rebel left, prepared to charge the confused, reeling masses. A white flag was now waved by the enemy, before Gen. Custer, who held our cavalry advance, with the information that they had concluded to surrender." The First and Second Divisions of the Twenty- fourth Corps remained at Appomattox Court-House until the 17th, when they proceeded to Richmond via Farmville, Burksville, and Amelia Court-House, arriving on the 25th. The regiment encamped on the outskirts of the city, and performed fatigue and guard duty until the latter part of July, when it was ordered to report to Maj.-Gen. Hartsuff, at Petersburg. It was stationed at different points, in detachments in Chesterfield, Buckingham, Cumberland, Powhat- tan, and Amelia Counties, acting under orders from the Freedmen's Bureau. On the 30th of August the regiment was mustered out of service at Petersburg, whence it proceeded to Harrisburg, where it was paid and finally disbanded. KOLL OP COMPANY G, FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). RecruUed at Sarrisburg, Captains, Isaac S. Waterbury, Aug. 28, 1861 ; died at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 8, 1864. Levi A. Weaver, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to Ist lieut. May 26, 1863 ; to capt. July 1, 1864; must, out Nov. 23, 1864, at exp. of term. George H. Miller, Aug. 28, 1861; pro. from aergt. to Ist sergt. Jan. 1, 1864; to 2d lieut. Aug. 1, 1864; to lat lieut. Jan. 26, 1866; to capt. April 20, 1865; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865; veteran. First Lieutenants. John Gotshall, Aug. 28, 1861 • pro. to adjt. Aug. 3, 1863. William H. Shorb, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to let sergt. Jan. 10, ' 1862 ; to sergt-major Oct. 23, 1862 ; to 2d lieut. Nov. 4, 1863 ; to iBt lieut. Aug. 1, 1864 ; must, out Dec. 26, 1864, at exp. of term. Daniel Botaanan, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. from corp. to sergt. Jan. 6, 1864 ; to Jst sergt. Aug. 1, 1864 ; to 2d lieut. Feb. 15, 1865 ; to 1st lieut. April 20, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Second Lieutenants, Henry A. Bisenbise, Sept. 18, 1863 ; pro. from private to sergt. July 1, 1864 ; to let sergt. May 1, 1865 ; to 2d lieut. July 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. First Sergeant, Henry Scrimminger, March 28,1861; pro. to Corp.; to sergt. Feb. 15, 1865; to 1st sergt. July 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Sergeants, David Black, Aug. 28, 1861; pro. to Corp.; to sergt. June 5, 1864 ; must. out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Thomas J. Howe, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1864 ; to sergt. Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1866 ; veteran. George Loy, Feb. 16, 1864 ; pro. to corp. June 6, 1864 ; to sergt. Oct. 9, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Charles Long, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1864 ; to sergt. July 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. William Shorts, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. from corp.; killed at Cold Harbor Junes, 1864; veteran. Frederict Vogle, Aug. 28, 1861; pro. from corp.; killed at Petersburg June 18, 1864; veteran. CorjpwalA, James M. Lyne, Apg. 28, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865; veteran. James B. Bopley, Aug. 28, 1861; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1866 ;' veteran. Edward Looker, Feb. 16, 1864 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865; veteran. Alexander Timothy, Feb. 10, 1864; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1866. William H. Wennel, Feb. 6, 1864 ; pro. to corp. March 1,1865; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Abraham Boak, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. William Kromer, Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1866 ; veteran. George Fisher, Aug. 28, 1861; pro. to corp. July 1, 1866 j must, out with company Aug. 30, 1866 ; veteran. GBNBKAL HISTORY. 171 Williiim Boon, Aug. 28, 1861 ; died Nov. 12, 1862, burial record Nov. 2, 1862, of wounds received at Pocotaligo, S. C, Oct. 22, 1862; buried at Hilton Head, S. C. John H. Grubb, Aug. 28, 1861 ; killed near Petersburg June 18, 1864 ; veteran. John C. Lane, Aug. 28, 1861 ; died Nov. 17, 1864:, of wounds received at Chapin'8 Farm, Va., Sept. 29, 1864 ; veteran. John Brenizer, Aug. 28, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll ; veteran. Musicidns. John 0. Fox, Aug. 28, 1861; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1866; veteran. Talbot Wagoner, Feb. 10, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. PrivateB. Abbott, Joseph, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Alvons, Alexander, March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Adams, George W., Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 2, 1863. Allison, John E., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, exp. of term. Aumit, Henry, July 21, 1863 ; drafted ; trans, to Co. E April 1, 1864. Anderson, George, Sept. 24, 1863 ; drafted ; trans, to Co. B April 1, 1864. Ayrea, Charles, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Jan. 1, 1864; veteran. Anderson, John H., Feb. 9, 1864; killed at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864. Bechler, William, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Bryant, Daniel, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865; veteran. Brown, William W., March 2, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Brown, William N., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865; veteran. Brown, Charles, Feb. 15, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out. * Birch, James, Feb. 2, 1864; must, out with company, Aug. 30, 1865. Breckenridge, John," Feb. 20, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Black, John D., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Brooks, Henry, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Boyle, Daniel, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Boyer, George D., Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certificate June 2, 18'62. Brooks, William, Sept. 18, 1861 ; trans, to Battery M, 1st Regt. V. S. Art., July 18, 1863. Brown, Samuel C, July 20, 1863; dratted; trans, to Co. E April 1, 1864. Bodioher, Daniel, Daniel, Aug. 28, 1861; trans, to Co. B Jan. 1, 1864; veteran . Beak, William, Aug. 28, 1861 ; drowned at Baltimore, Md., Nov. 21, 1861. Byers, Charles, Feb. 9, 1864; died at New York July 29, 1864. Berkmjer, Lewis, Aug. 28, 1861; killed at Petersburg, Va., Aug. 14, 1864; veteran. Badger, Thomas, Feb. 5, 1864; captured; died at Petersburg June 4, 1864. Bear, Samuel, Feb. 5, 1864 ; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 20,1864; grave 6229. Buckson, William, Feb. 5, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Carpenter, B. B., June 1, 1863 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Colder, Edward, Feb. 15, 1864: must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Cole, Timothy, Feb. 10, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Carichner, Frederick, Feb. 9, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Cochran, Patrick, Fjb. 10, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Coffrat, William, Jan. 26, 1866 ; absent on detached duty at muster out. Cain, Samuel, Aug. 28, 1861; mtist. out with company Aug. 30, 1865; veteran. Carichner, Godfrey, Aug. 28, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 8; 1863. Christman, Parker, Nov. 10,1861; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 14, 1862. Connor, Patrick, Aug. 28, 1861 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Campbell, Patrick, March 7,1864; died June 17, 1864, of wounds received at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864; buried, at Hampton, Va. ; veteran. Carr, Joseph, Aug. 30, 1861; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., August, 1864. Orum, Benedict, Nov. 8, 1861. Deitriok, Blias, Jan. 19, 1865; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Bnger, Joseph, Feb. 3, 1864; disch. on surg. certif Sept. 16, 1864 ; veteran. Bllet, James, Feb. 15, 1864; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Feig, George, Feb. 19, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Fields, Charles B., Feb. 2, 1864; absent, sick, at muster out. Fetter, Heni-y, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Fitz, Thomas, Sept. 4, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Fisher, Adam, Aug. 30, 1861 : disch. Dec. 11, 1864, for wounds received in action ; veteran. Fry, John, Oct. 19, 1863; drafted; trans, to Co. B April 1, 1861. Gruber, Isaac, Feb. 4, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Grishaber, William, Feb. 5, 1864; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 16, 1864. Hogantogler, George, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Hughs, John, Aug. 28, 1861 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out ; veteran. Hooper, Pembroke, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg, certif. Nov. 8, 1862. Hooper, Alfred, Aug. 29, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Hatz, William, Aug. 29, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Hendrickson, E, S., Aug. 28, 1861; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Hollabaugh, John, Jan. 24, 1865 ; drafted ; disch. by G 0. June 12, 1865. Hull, Stitt, Sept. 23, 1863; drafted; trans, to Co. B April 1, 1864. Hatz, Henry, Aug. 29, 1861; died at Beaufort, S. C, Oct. 17, 1862. Hurshberger, S., Aug. 28, 1861; killed at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864 ; veteran. Ironspoon, Harmon, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865; veteran. Irvin, William J., Aug. 28,1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Aug. 19, 1862. Jackson, Cyrus B., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865; vetPran. Johuson, John, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Jones, John, Oct. 16, 1863; drafted; trans, to Oo. E April 1, 1864. Kichieshong, A., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Kise, George W., July 21, 1863 ; drafted ; trans, to Oo. E April 1, 1864. King, Jerome, Feb. 9, 1864; trans, to Yet. Kes. Corps May 15, 1865. KefFer, Henry, Jan. 29, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Lawyer, Jacob, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Lough, David, Feb. 15. 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Leonard, Joseph L., Feb. 9, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1866. Lichty, Moses, Feb. 15, 1864; must, out with company Aug 30, 1866. Lundy, Benjamin F., Dec. 26, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 21, 1864, for wounds re- ceived at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Lawyer, Joseph, Aug. 28. 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Lane, Samuel, Oct. 8, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 8, 1864, at exp. of term. Lukins, Charles, Oct. 8, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 22, 1864, to date Oct. 8^ 1864, at exp. of term. Loucy, Daniel, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to 42d Eegt. P. V. Nov. 16, 1861. Lodge, Daniel, Sept. 23, 1863; drafted; trans, to Co. E April 21, 1864. Ligbtner, Peter, Jan. 25, 1865 ; pro. to hosp. steward May 1, 1866. Miller, Jerome P., Aug. 28,1861; must, out with company Aug. 30,1865; veteran. Minich, Jeremiah, Aug. 28, 1861 ; absent, on detached duty, at muster out; veteran. Minich, Henry, Feb. 3, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran . Messinger, Lewis, Feb. 15, 1864; must, out with compauy Aug. 30, 1^65. McCollum, Malcolm, Feb. 20, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Millhouse, August, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran . McClintock, John, Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Matter, William H., Jan. 19, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Mott, Joseph, Aug. 28, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. June 2, 1863. Macker, James E., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. McCabe, Samuel, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. McAdams, John F., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 19, 1864, at exp. of term. Mercer, Abner, Feb. 16, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. July 18, 1865. Moran, Richard, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to Battery M, 1st Regt. U. S. Art., Feb. 22, 1862. Myers, George, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps July 1, 1863. Morgan, Charles, Sept. 25, 1863 ; drafted; trans, to Co. E April 1, 1864. Miles, John, July 22, 1863; drafted ; trans, to Co. E April 1, 1864. Mack, John, Aug. 28, 1861 ; died at Beaufort, S. C, Aug. 6, 1862. Norris, Jesse K., Aug. 28, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out ; veteran. Nole, Johnson B., Feb. 13, 1864 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864 ; absent at muster out. 172 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Nelly, Thomas, Aug. 28, 1861 ; captured at Bniry'a Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864 ; escaped March 19, 1865 ; must, out May 4, 1865, to date March 24, 1865, at exp. of term. Oswald, Stephen, Aug. 28,1861; captured; died June 20, 1864; burial record at Andersonville, Ga., June 28, 1864 ; gmve 2589 ; veteran. Poist, Alexander, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 19, 1864, at exp. of term. Posey, Mordecai, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 19, 1864. at exp, of term. Paffley, Charles, Aug. 28, 1861 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864 ; veteran. Pfleffer, Frederick, Aug. 28, 1861 ; captured ; died Aug. 19, 1864, of wounds received in action; buried at Richmond, Va. ; veteran. Rush, Christian, Aug. 28, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran. Baudebaugb, Isaac, Feb. 5, 1864: must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Roush, Daniel S., Jan 11, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Ritner, William, Sept. 3, 1861; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Ruggles, Alexander, Feb. 9, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 24, 1865. Reed, James G., Aug. 28, 1861; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 1,1864; grave 10,174. Swartz, John, Aug.'28, 1861; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran, Stees, John, Feb. 3, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Sheets, Charles P., Feb. 2, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Steiner, Peter, Feb. 2, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Sweger, James, Feb. 19, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865. Sants, Martin, Feb. 6, 1864; must, out with company Aug, 30, 1865. Snoddy, Calvin S., Feb. 20, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865'. Sullivan, John H., Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on Surg, certif. Feb. 17, 1863. Slianer, Jacob V., Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. on aurg. certif. Feb. 21, 1863. Shitfler, John, Feb. 15, 1864 ; disch, June 1, 1865, for wounds received at Chapin's Farm, Va., Sept. 29, 1864 ; veteran. Sagle, John H., March 2, 1862; must, out April 22, 1865, at exp. of term. Shorts, Henry, Feb. 13, 1864 ; prisoner from Sept. 29, 1864, to March 4, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865. Smith, Andrew, Feb. 27, 1864 ; prisoner from May 16, 1864, to April 17, 1865; disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1866, to date June 9, 1866. Stewart, Alexander, Feb. 10, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Jnly 22, 1865. Smith, John, Oct. 19, 1863; drafted; trans, to Co. B April 1, 1865. Stephens, Boswell, Sept. 25, 1863 ; drafted ; trans, to Co. E April 1, 1866. Strong, Henry, July 22, 1863 ; drafted ; trans, to Co. E April 1, 1866. Steiner, Jacob, Feb. 1, 1864; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date unknown. Sanuo, George, Aug. 28, 1861; died at Beaufort, S. 0., Aug. 11, 1862. Saline, Leonard, Feb. 15, 1804; killed at Petersburg, Va., July 18, 1864. Shaffer, Martin, Oct. 15, 1863; drafted; died June 23, 1864, of wounds received at .Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Shaner, Jacob V., Feb. 4, 1864 ; died at Hampton, Va., Jan. 21, 1866. Shane, Robert, Feb. 16, 1864; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Smith, William H., Oct. 8, 1861 ; died Oct. 22, 1864, of wounds received at Chapin's Farm, Va., Sept. 29, 1864 ; buried in U. S. General Hos- pital Cemetery, Annapolis, Md. Steiner, John, Aug. 28, 1861. Sweeney, Edward, March 7, 1865; not on muster-out roll. Taylor, David, Feb. 10, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1866, Toomy, James, Feb, 5, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug, 30, 1865, Taylor, Samuel B,, Aug, 28, 1861; disch, on surg, certif July 26, 1862. Tnnis, Edwin F,, Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865 ; veteran. Troxal, Arthur, Oct. 15, 1863 ; drafted ; trans, to Co. B April 1, 1865. Thofhpson, Thomas, Feb. 15, 1864 ; died June 18, 1864, of wounds re- ceived at Petersburg, Va., June 16, 1864; buried at Hampton, Va. Van Horn, Charles H., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1S66 ; veteran. Van Riper, Christopher C, Deo. 27, 1861 ; disch. on eurg. certif. May 8, 1863. Waterbury, Edwin L., Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Weitzel, George W., Feb. 13, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 30, 1865 ; veteran. Wright, George, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Wilson, John T., Jr., Aug. 28, 1861; must, out Sept. 9, 1864, at exp. of term. Wolf, William, Feb. 20, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 24, 1866 ; vet- eran. Winters, Ephraim A., Jan. 24, 1865; disch. by G. 0. May 30, 1865. Woodall, A. C, Feb. 3, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 7, 1865. Willis, Samuel, Sept. 4, 1861 ; trans, to Batt, M, Ist Begt, U. 8. Art., Nov. 1, 1862. Warden, Samuel, Sept. 4, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps July 1, 1863. Waters, William, Aug. 28, 1861. Wilders, Joseph, Aug. 28, 1861 ; missing at Chapin's Farm, Va., Sept. 29, 1864; veteran. Zorger, Jacob, Aug. 28, 1861 ;' killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 19, 1864; veteran. CHAPTER XXVI. The War for the Union (continued)— One Tear's Service— Seventy- seventh, Eighty-third, and One Hundred and Firat Regiment- Three Years' Service— Eightieth, Eighty-fourth, Eighty-seventh, Ninety- second, and Ninety-sixth Regiments. ROLL OF COMPANY If SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT PENN- SYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS (ONE YEAR'S SERVICE). BecrvMed at Sarrwhwrg— Assigned March, 1866, to Seventy-seventh Begiment Pennsylvania Volitnteers. Ca/plain. John Bell, Feb. 21, 1866; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. First Lieutenant. Henry C. Deniming, Feb. 17, 1866 ; must, out Feb. 21, 1866. ' Second Lieutenant, Joseph B. Rhoads, March 7, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Mrst Sergeant. Samuel Eberiy, Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. 8ergeani£. Louis P. Chester, Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Charles A. Suydam, Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. George S. McGowen, Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6,1865. Joseph L. Shearer, Feb. 27, 1865 ; must out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Corporals, Robert B. Valentine, March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. S. Cameron Wilson, Feb. 27, 1866; absent, on detached duty, at muster out. George W. Heller, Feb. 27, 1866; absent, on detached duty, at muster out. Cornelius K. Dumare, Feb. 23, 1866 ; absent, on furtough, at muster out. Benjamin F. Scheffer, Feb. 28, 1865 ; absent, on detached duty, at muster out. Michael J. Maloney, Feb. 21, 1866; absent, on detached duty, at muster out. Edward H. Clay, Feb. 27, 1865 ; pro. to Corp. May 7, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. John L. Schuler, Feb. 27, 1866 ; absent on detached duty, at muster out. Mmicians. John C. Wheeler, March 6, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Albert H. Buehler, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Privates. Amey, William A., Feb. 28, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Armstrong, William, March 9, 1866 ; not on muster-out roll. Boot, John, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Deo. 6, 1865. Blair, John, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Bucher, Christian, Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Buehler, William, Feb. 27, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Bodden, John C, Feb. 27, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Boyd, James A., March 1, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Brenner, Martin,'_Feb. 27, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Baldwin, Thomas, Feb. 25, 1865 ; died Nov. 26, 1865 ; buried at Railroad Depot, Victoria, Texas. Bremsholts, H. M., March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Deo. 6, 1866. Black, Hugh, Feb. 28, 1865; disch. by G. 0, June 20, 1865. Balmer, John F., March 10, 1856 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 23, 1865, Burnside, George W., Feb. 27, 1866. Cramp, Edward A., Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Case, David, Feb. 27, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec, 6, 1866, Cellera, John, March 4, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Camp, John C, March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Cox, Daniel W., Feb. 28, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. Oct. 21, 1865. GENERAL HISTORY. 173 Closkey, Bernard, April 6, 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. June 2, 1866. Coleman, ■WiUiam H., March 9, 1866 ; notion musteriout roll. Dehuff, Henry G., Feb. 23, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Davis, Howard W., March 2, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Dean, Joseph F., Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Dorsey, Philip B., Feb. 27, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Desch, Calvin, Feb. 28, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Doyle, John, March 3, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. Everhart, Richard, March 4, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Fckle, Edward, March 9, 1865; not on muster-out roll. Faley, Thomas, Feb. 28, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Fitzpatriolt, Patrick, Feb. 28, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6,1865. Fertenhaugb, William, March 4, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Fullerton, William K;, March 6, 1866; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Ferris, Willfam K., Feb. 28, 1865. Gohn, Daniel A., Feb. 24, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Gleason, James, March 3, 1866; disch. by G. 0. Sept. 30, 1866. Gotta, Solomon D., March 1, 1866 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., May 16, 1865. Gardner, James, Feb. 28, 1866 : died at Green Lake, Texas, July 27, 1866. GrifBn, William, March 9, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. Harris, Smiley J., March 2, 1865 ; absent, on furlough, at muster out. Homer, John W., March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865^ Hoover, John J., Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Henry, Robert F., March 5, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Hartman, Jacob H., March 6, 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. Sept. 18, 1866. Haas, Christian, March 13, }866; disch. by G. 0. May 23, 1865. Humphreysville, J., March 9, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. May 23, 1865. Hussey, James, Feb. 27, 1866. Ingram, John G., Feb. 21, 1866; absent, on detached duty, at muster out. Jones, John B., March 4, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Kipple, Peter, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Kennedy, Joseph, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Koerper, Samuel F., Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Kiser, Josiah C, March 6, 1866 ; disch. by G. O. June 30, 1865. Keiser, Samuel, March 20, 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. Miiy 23, 1865. Kirby, Thomas, March 9, 1806; not on muster-out roll. Lucas, David A., March 1, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Lyons, Robert J., Feb. 23, 1865 ; died Oct. 31, 1866 ; buried at Railroad Depot, Victoria, Texas. Leighton, Augustus, March 6, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. Mauger, William H., Feb. 27,1866; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Miller Henry W., Feb. 27, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Martin Thomas D., Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Millhouse, Owen, March 6, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Millikon, Thomas, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Deo. 6, 1866. Montgomery, T. P., March 1, 1865; disch. by G. 0. July 14, 1866. Mahaney, William J., Feb. 24, 1865 ; died in New Orleans, La., Aug. 28, 1866. MoKinsey, Thomas, Feb. 22, 1866 ; must, out with compiiny Dec. 6, 1865. McCord, John, Feb. 28, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Nunemacher, A., Feb. 28, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Owens, William H., March 1, 1866.; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Over, Andrew R., Feb. 28, 1866 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. O'Neal, William H., March 9, 1866; not on muster-out roll. O'Brien, John, March 9, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. Pierce, Joseph, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Potteiger, John H., Feb. 27, 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. Sept. 30, 1865. Reed James K., Feb. 23, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Ronrour, Charles, March 7, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Rickebaugh, J. C, Feb. 28, 1865; disch. by G. 0. Sept. 14, 1865. Raezer, Henry, March 20, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. Reiliy, William H., March 9, 1866 ; not on muster-out roll. ' Slentz', Jacob J., Feb. 27, 1865; mnst. out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Stimm'el, Joseph W., March 2, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Smith, Calvin, March 2, 1866; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Snyder, William, March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Sload, John, March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Sload' Lemon, March 6, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. Sept. 14, 1866. Sands, George W., March 8, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. Sept. 14, 1865. Talley, George W., Feb. 27, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Thomas, George, Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Tulay, Franklin, March 4, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Trostie, William, March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Thornton, Preston, March 4, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. Sept. 14, 1865. Tompkins, Edwin, March 4, 1865. Thomas, Henry, March 9, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. Valentine, George W., March 2, 1866; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Willis, James A., Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Wennel, George, Feb. 28, 1866; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Weaver, Fphraim W., March 3, 1866; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Walburn, John C, Feb. 2, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1866. Wagner, Jesse, March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Wagner, Reuben, March 2, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6,1866. Weaver, William L., March 6, 1865 ; died Dec. 4, 1865 ; buried at Rail- road Depot, Victoria, Texas. Weaver, Casper, March 26, 1865 ; not accounted for. York, John, Feb. 2, 1865. EIGHTIETH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUN- TEERS. The authority to raise this regiment was given on the 27th of August, 1861, to William B. Sipes, then of Harrisburg, by the Secretary of War. The com- panies were recruited, for the most part, by their offi- cers and at their expense, the grade of their commis- sions depending, as a general rule, upon their success in securing men. Their military experience was in general limited to the three months' service. The com- panies rendezvoused at Camp Cameron, near Harris- burg, where a regimental organization was effected, and George C. Wynkoop, of Pottsville, was commis- sioned colonel. Clothing was promptly issued to the men upon entering camp, and the regiment was regu- larly exercised in dismounted drill. Side arms were received while at Camp Cameron, and horses were supplied, but not issued until after leaving it. On the 18th of December the colors were presented by Governor Curtin from the steps of the State capitol, and on the following day, in pursuance of orders from the Secretary of War, the regiment started for Louisville, Ky., where, upon its arrival, it reported to General Buell, in command of the Department of the Cumberland, and was placed in camp of instruc- tion at Jeflfersonville, Ind. Towards the close of January, 1862, the regiment broke camp, and, moving leisurely southward, through Kentucky, arrived at Nashville, Tenn., soon after its occupation by Union forces. Here the three battalions were separated, the first, under Major Wynkoop, in ' which was Capt. Davis' company, being assigned to Gen. Negley's brigade, and sent with him to Columbia ; the second, under Col. Wynkoop, to the command of Gen. Du- mont, garrisoning Nashville ; and the third, under Maj. Given, to Col. Duffield's command, two com- panies being stationed at Murfreesborough, and two at Lebanon. The duty imposed at this time consisted in scouting in Western and Middle Tennessee, and as far east as the Cumberland Mountains. The cavalry was kept actively employed in defending the flanks of the army against the irregular bands of the enemy's horse that were prowling on every hand. On the 1st of July the First Battalion, under command of Maj. 174 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY". Wynkoop, moving with Gen. Smith's brigade, occu- pied Manchester. On the following day, Capt. C. C. Davis, of Company I, with nine men, was captured while on the picket line, but shortly after exchanged. When Buell, in September, made his retrograde movement through Kentucky, and subsequently his advance, the First Battalion, under Maj. Wynkoop, accompanied him, participating in the battle of Per- ryville, losing four men wounded and three taken prisoners. The Second and Third Battalions re- mained with the garrison at Nashville, and was at- tached to Gen. Negley's command. They were employed in scouting and foraging, and in assisting to defend the city. Early in November, 1862, Gen. Eosecrans, who had superseded Gen. Buell in command of the Army of the Cumberland, made a complete reorganization. Up to this time the cavalry had not been formed in brigades and divisions, but had been scattered over Tennessee, Kentucky, and a portion of Alabama, doing very hard duty but accomplishing very little. Gen. D. S. Stanley was now assigned to the command of the cavalry, and made a thorough organization of it for efficient service, the Seventh being assigned to the First Brigade of the Second Division. Little of importance transpired to break the monotony of the picket and outpost duty until the 26th of December, when the army advanced on the enemy at Murfrees- borough. The First Brigade led the centre on the Nashville and Murfreesborough Pike, the regiments alternating daily, which brought the Seventh at the head of the column on the 27th. The entire march from Nashville to Stone Eiver was a continuous battle between the cavalry of the two armies. Upon the arrival of the division at Stone River, on the 29th, the resistance was found too strong for the cav- alry to move, and it was withdrawn to the right flank and rear. On the 30th a battalion of the Seventh Pennsylvania and one of the Third Kentucky formed a chain of vedettes in rear of the line of battle, with orders to drive up all stragglers. On the same day, Wheeler captured the train of the Twenty-eighth Brigade, on the Jefferson Pike, between Stewart's Creek and Lavergne. Taking a battalion of the Seventh and the Fourth Michigan, Col. Minty moved to its relief. " I met the enemy," says Col. Minty in his report, " who were chiefly dressed in our uniforms. The Seventh Pennsylvania drove them until after dark.'' On the 31st the brigade, now reduced to about nine hundred and fifty men, took position, after crossing Overall's Creek, about three-quarters of a mile from the Murfreesborough and Nashville Pike, Capt. Jenning's battalion being posted in the woods near the right of the Fourth Michigan. " The enemy," says Col. Minty, " advanced rapidly with two thousand five hundred cavalry, mounted and dismounted, and three pieces of artillery, all under command of Gens. Wheeler, Wharton, and Buford. They drove back the Fourth Michigan to the line of the First Ten- nessee skirmishers, and then attacked the Seventh Pennsylvania with great fury, but met with a deter- mined resistance. I went forward to the line of dis- mounted skirmishers, and endeavored to move it to the right to strengthen the Seventh Pennsylvania, but the moment the right of the line showed itself from behind the fence where it was posted, the whole of the enemy's fire was directed on it, turning it com- pletely around. At this moment the Fifteenth Penn- sylvania gave way and retreated rapidly, leaving the battalion of the Seventh Pennsylvania and the dis- mounted men entirely unsupported, and leaving them no alternative but to retreat." When, on this day, the right wing of the army was driven back in confu- sion, many of the men of the battalion, on the line of the vedettes, were captured by the enemy while endeavoring to drive forward the straggling infantry; After the battle was over, and the enemy was making the best of his way from the field, the cavalry was sent in pursuit. " About six miles out they met the enemy in force ; a sharp skirmish ensued. The Fourth Cavalry, First Tennessee Infantry, and the Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry having to bear the brunt of the fight on our side. The enemy was driven from the field with heavy loss, and we returned to within a mile and a half of Murfreesborough and jvent into camp." The loss of the regiment in this entire battle was two killed, nine wounded, and fifty missing. On the 31st of January, the First Brigade was or- dered to proceed to Rover and break up a rebel out- post. Arriving near the place, his pickets were encountered and driven in by the Fourth Michigan, when the Seventh Pennsylvania was ordered to draw sabre and charge, which was executed with a cheer,, breaking the rebel line and utterly routing his entire command. The pursuit was maintained for ten miles,, causing a loss of half his force. After scouting in- side the rebel lines for two weeks, inflicting consider- able damage upon the enemy, the brigade returned to camp at Murfreesborough. Shortly afterward learning that the enemy had reoccupied Rover in force, and had strengthened it by an intrenched infantry and artillery camp at Unionville, a town five miles from Rover, and sixteen from Shelbyville, where a large part of the rebel army was in camp, Gen. Sheridan was ordered to move with his division to Eagleville, three miles west of Rover, for a diversion in favor of the cavalry. When, therefore, at sunrise on the 4th, the First Brigade attacked the enemy at Rover, the surprise was complete. After a sharp skirmish the pickets were driven in, and the Seventh was ordered to charge with the sabre. It was made in column, half platoon front, and received the concentrated fire of over two thousand rifles ; but without faltering, being supported by the Fourth United States on the right, and the Fourth Michigan on the left as carbi- neers, it dashed forward, broke the centre of the rebel line, and drove it in confusion towards Unionville. Not satisfied with his success, Col. Minty threw the- GENERAL HISTOEY. 175 flanking regiments into columns, on roads parallel with the pike on which the Seventh was moving, and, sounding the charge along the whole line, burst upon the astonished rebels at Unionville, entering their camp on the heels of the flying fugitives from Kover. But little resistance was offered, only one regiment of infantry attempting to form line, the artillery having been moved the day before to resist the threatened advance of Sheridan. The Seventh charged through the camp, and then gave chase to the rebel cavalry retreating towards Shelbyville. The loss of the Sev- enth was two killed and seven wounded. On the 4th of March, 1863, Maj. Charles C. Davis was in command of the Seventh Cavalry when the attack was made on the Fourth Alabama, Col. Rus- sell, nine hundred men, the Seventh numbering one hundred and ninety-two. The latter charged with the sabre, captured their camp and all their personal effects, pursued them seven miles, captured their wagon-train of seventeen, six of which were, mule teams. One hundred and six of the Confederates were killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, twenty of the latter within one hundred yards of Gen. Hood's camp. From Unionville the command marched the same day to Eagleville, where it joined Sheridan, and with him proceeded to Franklin, then to Columbia, skir- mishing with Van Dorn and Forrest at Spring Hill and Rutherford Creek. The Seventh afterwards returned to Murfreesborough via Franklin, reaching camp on the 15th of March. The command was engaged with Morgan at Snow Hill, near Liberty, on the 3d- of April, with a loss of one killed and one wounded ; fought Duke's brigade on the 20th ; assisted in the capture of McMinnville, May 6th ; repelled a rebel demonstration on Murfreesborough on the 14th ; and fought Morgan at Alexandria on the 3d of June, in all of which the Union forces were victorious except the last. On the 24th, Gen. Rosecrans commenced his ad- vance on Tullahoma and Shelbyville. The cavalry, under Gen. Stanley, moved on the right flank of the army. On the morning of the 27th, Col. Minty was ordered to charge and carry Guy's Gap, on the Mur- freesborough Pike. With the Fourth Michigan Cav- alry leading the advance, and the First Division sup- porting the flanks, he moved rapidly on through the gap, driving the rebels towards Shelbyville, and mak- ing captures on every hand. Arrived within five miles of the town, the enemy opened with artillery from his intrenchments. Col. Minty promptly deployed the Fourth Michigan and Fourth United States, as skirmishers, mounted, and held the Seventh in col- umn. The advance was sounded, when from some cause the men commenced cheering, the skirmish line charged, and Col. Minty, taking advantage of the favorable moment, ordered the Seventh to charge also. Dashing forward with wild shouts, the intrench- ments were stormed and taken with many prisoners, and, nerved by their success, pushed on after the fly- ing foe. A mile from town a rebel regiment was hemmed in in an open field and captured, offering little resistance. As the troops advanced towards the town they were suddenly checked by the rapid fire from a battery of six pieces, posted in the public square. Col. Minty at once brought up two pieces of artillery, and, directing the Fourth United States and the Fourth Michigan to take a parallel street to the right. Col. Jordan, with the Ninth Pennsylvania Cav- alry, of the First Division, the first street to the left, and three companies of the Seventh, under Capt. Davis, to take the centre, the signal to charge was given. The Seventh was obliged to move in the face . of the rebel guns, which were trained ftill upon it, and were served with great rapidity, at first dealing shot and shell, and then double-shotted canister. But, unmindful of the storm, Davis dashed up the narrow street, filling it from curb to curb, the shouts of the men ringing above the noise of battle. As they came near, they were saluted by a shower of bullets from the rifles and pistols of the enemy. A short run brought the column hand to hand with the hostile force, and a brief struggle ensued over the guns ; but the slash of the sabre and the rapid rounds from pistols and carbines proved too much for rebel valor. He was driven in confusion, and the powerful battery was captured, as few have been, by a direct charge of cavalry. After the loss of his artillery, a panic seemed to seize the enemy, and he fled in con- sternation to the bank of Duck River, a niile away, where he attempted to form a line to cover the pas- sage of his trains. But it was a vain attempt. Charge after charge was delivered with an impetuosity in- spired of success, and, finally Shelbyville, with all its military stores, fell into Union hands, and a powerful impetus was given to the retreat of the entire rebel army. Wheeler's boasted cavalry was broken, and never afterwards recovered from the blow. On the 3d of July the regiment was engaged in a skirmish at Elk River, on the 17th of August at Sparta, and early in September moved with the army on the Chickamauga campaign. The march was wearisome to man and beast, obliged to move with rapidity and to cross rugged mountains. From the 18th to the 22d, in the preliminary operations, and during the progress of the battle the regiment was in constant motion, -and performed important service. On the 1st of August it marched with the cavalry in pursuit of Wheeler, passing through East and Middle Tennessee into Alabama. This march lasted eighteen consecutive days and nights, with little rest and fre- quent running fights. Early in the year 1864, while stationed at Hunts ville, Ala., a large part of the regiment re-enlisted and was given a veteran furlough. Upon returning, the num- bers having been swelled by recruits to about eighteen hundred, rank and file, it was stationed at Columbia, where it was ordered to drill and make preparation 17(5 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. for the opening of the spring campaign. While upon furlough, Col. Sipes, who had succeeded to the command, drew Spencer carbines, improved sabres, and horse equipments for the entire regiment, and when freshly mounted, as it was at Nashville, it was well prepared for active service. On the 30th of April the regiment, under his command, broke camp and, joining Garrard's division, set forward with Sherman towards Atlanta. On the 15th of May it was engaged at Rome, and on the 27th at Dallas and Villa Eica Road, at the latter place having a sharp skirmish, losing three killed, six wounded, and one taken prisoner ; at Big Shanty, on June 9th, with one • killed, two wounded, and two prisoners ; at McAfee Cross-Roads, on the 11th, with two killed and four prisoners ; at Monday Creek, on the 20th, with one killed, ten wounded, and six prisoners ; at Kenesaw Mountain, on the 27th ; in a raid on the Augusta and Atlanta Railroad, on the 18th of July ; in a raid on Covington and the destruction of the railroad, on the 21st ; at Flat Rock, on the 28th, with a loss of two wounded ; and on the 1st of August entered the trenches in front of Atlanta. On the 17th it moved with Kilpatrick on his raid, on the 19th had a skir- mish at Fairburn and Jonesboro', and on the 20th a sharp engagement at Lovejoy Station, in which Capt. James G. Taylor and Lieut. Chauncey C. Hemans were among the killed. The loss in this raid was five killed, twenty-four wounded, and fifteen missing. On the 12th of October it was engaged in the battle at Rome, and on the following day made a charge with the sabre on infantry, routing them and cap- turing two pieces of artillery, losing one killed and four wounded. Two weeks later it was engaged at Lead's Cross-Roads, which closed the campaign. The regiment having suffered severely in men, horses, and equipments during a campaign rarely equaled for severity, was no longer fit for the field, and was ordered to Louisville, Ky., to be remounted, equipped, and prepared again for active duty. While here many of the oflScers, whose three years' term of ser- vice had expired, were mustered out. On the 22d of March, 1865, the Seventh was or-, dered on the expedition from Eastport, Miss., across the Gulf States. On the 1st of April it was engaged in the battle of Plantersville, Ala., and on the follow- ing day arrived in front of Selma, in the assault upon the works of which it participated. On the 16th of April it was in the engagement near Columbus, and on the 20th it arrived at Macon, Ga., where, the war having substantially closed, it remained until the 18th of August, when it was mustered out of service. ROLL OF COMPANY I, SEVENTH CAVALRY (THBEE YEARS' SERVICE). BeoruUed in Bawphin and Lt/coming Counties, CofpUiinB. Charles 0. Davis, Sept. 1, 1861 ; captured July 27, 1862 ; pro. to mig". July 1,1863. Heber S. ThompsoD, Oct. 22, 1861 j pro. from 1st lieut. Co, E July 1, 1863 ; captured at Lovejoy Station, Qa., Aug. 20, 1864; res. Jan. 18, 1866. Cyrus L. Conner, Feb. 25, 1864 ; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. Deo. 17, 1864 ; to capt. June 9, 1866 ; to maj. 137th Eegt. U. S. Colored Troops. First Lieutenants. Johb C. Fields, Dec. 21, 1861 ; res. Jan. 23, 1863. George W. McAllister, Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. Deo. 11, 1862 : to Ist lieut. March 1, 1863 ; disch. Deo. 31, 1864. George W. Starry, Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. Dec. 18, 1864 ; res. Feb. 28, 1866 ; veteran. Isaac S. Keith, Sept. 3, 1861; pro. from sergt. June 9, 1865; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran. Second Lieutenants, Henry H. Lutz, Sept. 3, 1861 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1862. Fredericlc H. Geety, Sept. 6, 1861 ; wounded at Nolinsville Pike, Tenn., Dec. 11, 1862; pro. from sergt. March 1, 1863; com. capt. Co. K Nov. 16, 1864; not. must.; disch. Jan. li, 1865. James T. Mitchell, Nov. 26,1861; pro. from eom.-sergt. June 9,1865; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1866;' veteran. First Sergeants, James A. Crinnian, Nov. 28, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. June 9, 1865 ; must out with company Aug. 23, 1865 ; veteran. George W. Heebner, Sept. 3, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 26, 1863. Isaac S. Hall, Sept. 3, 1861 ; veteran. , Quartermaster-Sergeant, John H. Meredith, Feb. 26, 1864; pro. to corp. Dec. 18,1864; to q.m.- sergt. Jan. 22, 1866 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. CommisBary-Sergeant, James Flattery, Nov. 29, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 26, 1864 ; to com.- sergt. June 5, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865 ; veteran. Patrick Mooney, Sept. 3,1861; pro. from private Dec. 18,1864; must. out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran. Louis H. Bickle, Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro. fi'om private Jan. 22, 1865 ; must. out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran. John P. Pootzler, Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro. from corp May 8, 1865 ; absent, sick, at must, out ; veteran. Andrew Dufford, Sept. 28, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 17, 1864; to sergt. May 15, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865 ; veteran. Joseph West, Sept. 28, 1861; pro. to corp. Deo. 18, 1864; to sergt. June 9, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865 ; veteran. James C. Davis, Sept. 26, 1861 ; must, out at exp. of term. Thomas B. Stewart, Sept. 16, 1861 ; must, out at exp. of term. Casper Sherman, Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 26, 1865 ; veteran. Thomas Coovert, Sept. 3, 1861 ; died at Bardstown, Ey., 1862. Jam es Fleming, Sept. 3, 1861 ; killed at McAfee's Cross-Roads, Ga., June 11, 1864 ; veteran. James Brown, Sept. 3, 1861, Daniel Bdson, Sept. 3, 1861 ; veteran. Frederick S. Hibbish, March 14, 1864; veteran. David J , Lewis, Sept, 3, 1861 ; disch, Dec, 4, 1865, to date May 30, 1863. William P. Coulter, Sept. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Corporals, Isaac Marks, Sept. 3, 1861; pro. to corp, June 9, 1865; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran. Jacob W. Deckart, Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865 ; veteran. Thomas G. Allen, Feb. 28, 1864 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 22, 1866 ; must, out with company Aug 23, 1865. Thomas A. Simpson, Feb. 2, 1864; pro. to corp. Jan. 22, 1865; must out with company Aug. 23, 1866. Anthony Witthies, Feb. 26, 1864; pro. to corp. April 22,1866; mustout with company Aug. 23, 1866. Michael McShay, Feb. 16, 1864 ; pro. to corp. May 10, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Patrick Boylo, Feb. 15, 1864 ; pro. to corp. May 17, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. John Kuntz,Feb. 27,1864; pro. to Corp. June 9, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. James Adams, Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 27 1863. Morgan Davis, Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out at exp. of term. Owen P. Kohoe, Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 30,1866 • vet- GENERAL HISTORY. 177 Edward Sparka, Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. John Smith, March 14,1864; prisoner from Oct. 12, 1864, to April 21, 1865; disch. May 30, to date May 16, 1865; veteran. James Walters, Sept. 28, 1861 ; must, out at exp. of term. L. Breckenridge, Feb. 22, 1864; died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Oct. 27, 1864 ; burial record, Aug. 26, 1864; grave 313. Henry Fry, Dec. 10, 1861 ; killed at Stone Biver, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Alfred Crider, Feb. 25, 1864. Buglers. Louis 0. Crosland, Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1866. John S. Cole, Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro. to chief bugler May 1, 1863. Henry Messner, Nov. 28, 1863 ; prisoner from Oct. 1, 1864, to April 21, 1866^ disch. June 19, to date May 19, 1865 ; veteran. Saddler. Richard Davis, Dec. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. Fwrier. William Montgomery, Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran. Blacksmiths. John Hilbert, Sept. 10,1861; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran. John Partridge, Sept. 24, 1861; must, out at exp. of term. Privates, Andrews, Joshua, Feb. 10, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Adams, Joseph, Feb. 25, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Awney, Henry, Sept. 2, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 23, 1866. Brubuker, George, Feb. 20, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Boden, William, March 3, 1864; captured Oct. 1, 1864. Boettcher, Frederick, Jan. 29, 1864 ; absent, on detached service, at mus- ter out. Billman, Reuben B., Sept. 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 3, 1866. Brown, Charles, Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 3, 1866. Bohanan, Thomas, Aug. 26, 1863 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Bowsman, Henry, Nov. 29, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 20, 1862. Baker, Gemmil, Feb. 19, 1864; prisoner from Oct. 1, 1864, to April 21, 1865 ; disch. June 19, to date May 19, 1865. Burch, Jackson A., Sept. 28, 1861 ; died at Jeffersonville, Ind., Jan. 1862. Berts, Nathan, Sept. 3, 1861 ; died at Tullahoma, Tenn., Aug. 4, 1862. Brightbill, Jeremiah, Dec. 4, 1861 ; died at Louisville, Ky., Jan. 1864. Brightbill, Joun, Dec. 4, 1862; died on Louisville and Nashville Rail- road, Jan. 1864; veteran. Baney, John, Feb. 17, 1864 ; veteran. Barrett, John, Feb. 26, 1864. Blain, John. Butler, George 0., March 8, 1864 ; prisoner from July 24 to Oct. 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. July 12, 1865. Barry, William J., Sept. 3, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Belford, John, Nov. 20, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Corcoran, Edward, Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865 ; veteran. Campbell, Bernard, Feb. 23, 1864; absent, sick, at muster out. Casey, Patrick, Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Cross, Noah B., March 3, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Cooper, Willis, May 1, 1863 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Crangle, Elijah, Sept. 8, 1864; died at Mobile, Ala., May 18, 1865. Cross, Noah B., May 3, 1864. Chambers, John, Aug. 16, 1863; not on muster-out roll. Derr, William, Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1866; veteran. Dobson, Silas, Feb. 22, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 27, 1865. Devlin, Patrick, Oct. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Dermott, James, Sept. 7, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 3, 1865. Day, Samuel, Sept. 3, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, 1863. Davis, David T., Feb. 26, 1^64 ; prisoner from Aug. 30, 1864, to April 21, 1866 ; disch. June 9, to date May 19, 1865. Dixon, Milton, March 1,1864; prisoner from Oct. 1, 1864, to April 21, 1865; disch. June 16, to date May 19, 1865. Dougher, James, Feb. 26, 1864; disch. on surg. certif. July 9, 1866. Davis, Samuel S., Sept. 19, 1861: disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. Durham, John, Sept. 3, 1861 ; died at Tullahoma, Tenn., 1862; burial record, Stotfe River, March 21, 1863, grave 351. Dorson, Michael, Sept. 3, 1861. Davis, William, Sept. 3, 1861. Eck, Emanuel, Feb. 16, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. 12 Eckternacb, Henrj-, Feb. 19, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23 1865. English, William, Feb. 27, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. English, George, Feb. 27, 1864; absent, sick, at muster out. Early, Daniel, Sept. 3, 1861; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps 1864; must, out at exp. of term. Faraaraan, Moses E., Feb. 25, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865, Flanery, Michael, Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23,1865. Fagerty, James, March 2, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Fisher, Daniel, Sept. 8, 1864; disch, by G. 0. July 3, 1865. Foster, Osmond F., Aug. 18, 1863; piisoner from Oct. 1, 1864, to May 20, 1865 ; disch, June 27, 1865. Fisher, John, Sept. 2, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 19, 1865. Gibson, William L., Sept. 3, 1861 ; absent, in confinement, at muster out ; veteran. Gulling, Philip, March 2, 1864 ; must, out wift company Aug. 23, 1865. Gradwell, Thomas, Feb. 22, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Grubbs, John S., Sept. 28, 1861; died at Nashville, Tenn., March 24, 1862, Gibson, James, Nov. 27, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Gallagher, Frederick, Nov. 27, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Hummel, Abraham, Sept. 3, 1861; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran. Heatherington, James, Feb. 16, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran, Hoffman, David B., Feb. 25, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Howarth, Wm., Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Hagen, John C, July 23, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 27, 1865. Holmes, Daniel, May 1, 1863; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1365. Hunter, John, Feb. 13, 1864; prisoner from Oct. 1, 1864, to April 21, 1865 ; disch. June 9, to date May 19, 1865. Hoover, Wm. H., Dec. 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. Hale, Hiram, Aug. 13, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., March 31, 1864. Heck, John, Sept. 3, 1861, Hunter, Alfred, Sept. 3, 1861. Hotell, John, Sept. 24, 1861; died at Louisville, Ky., Jan, 29, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, section A, range 9, grave 15. Hughes, James C, Sept, 28, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Jones, David E., Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Jones, Joseph R., Oct. 31, 1861. Jones, John 0., Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. Jones, John B., Oct, 31, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. James, Peter, Sept. 3, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Kramer, Samuel, Nov. 27, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865 ; veteran. Kearns, Patrick, March 7, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Kelly, Bernard, Feb. 29, 1864; must, ont with company Aug. 23, 1865. Keller, Charles, Feb. 24, 1864. Koons, Lewis, Sept. 3, 1861. Kearns, John, Feb. 19, 1864. Lewis, Henry B., Feb. 2, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Ludwig, James, Feb. 28, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Labar, Peter, Sept. 3, 1861; killed at Columbus, Ohio, August, 1862. Levy, Abraham, Sept. 3, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Lehman, Amos G., Jan. 29, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Morrissey, John, Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran. Mehaffer, Joshua, Jan. 29, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Marshall, William G., Feb. 20, 1864; must out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Mason, Samuel, Jan. 28, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Moore, John A., March 2, 1864; disch. by G. O. Aug. 28, 1865. Murray, Michael, Feb. 23, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865, Messner, Michael, Jan. 31, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 3, 1865. Miller, Socrates, Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 7, 1865. Mayers, Euphratus, Aug. 2, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 27, 1865. Messnei', Michael, Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 1, 1863. Mason, William, Feb. 19, 1864; disch. on surg, certif., date unknown. Moser, William H., Sept. 3, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. McClune, Samuel, Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865 ; veteran. * McNeil, Honry, Jan. 25, 1862. McAfee, John, Aug. 12,1862; disch. by G. 0. June 23, 1865. McGinley. Edward L., Sept. 3, 1861. Newman, John, Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Overton, Samuel, Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out at exp. of term. HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. O'Neil, Henry, Sept. 3, 1861. OweuB, Noah, Sept. 3, 1861, Ottz, William H., Sept. 3, 1861. Price, James H., Sept. 3, 1861 ; absent, siclc, at muster out ; veteran. Price, Thompson, Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unlcnown. Puroell, William, Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. 1862. Powell, Samuel, Aug. 16, 1863. Simple, John D., Sept. 3, 1861; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865; veteran. Reynolds, Thomas, Aug. 14, 1863; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Readifer, Samuel, Feb. 28, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Raab, John, Feb. 27, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Rodgers, Thomas, March 18, 1864; must, out with company Aug, 23, 1866. Rigel, Henry, Feb. 13, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Kedabangh, George, Feb.^lQ, 1B64; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps April 7, 1865. Rheam, Anthony, March 1, 1864; prisoner from Oct. 1, 1864, to April 21, 1866 ; disch. June 19, to date May 19, 1866. Robinson, Thomas, Sept. 3, 1861. Rlmple, William, Nov. 16, 1861. Sibert, Levi, Sept. 3, 1861; captured Aug. 20, 1864; veteran. Shillinger, Frederick, Feb. 27, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1866. Stackhouse, William H., Feb. 20, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Silly, William, Feb. 5, 1864; must, out with-company Aug. 23, 1865. Strouse, John, Feb. 2, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Schloss, Isaac, Feb. 9, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Schreamscer, William, Jan. 29, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1866. Shaudelmier, Frederick, Feb. A9, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1866. Simmers, Henry, Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Salmon, Michael, Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865 . Sands, Albert W., March 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 10, 1865. Seesholtz, George. Aug. IS, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 14, 1866. Swartz, George W., Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. Slater, .John, Sept. 28, 1861 ; died at Tullahoma, Tenn., 1862. Sheridan, Peter, March 22, 1864; died at Nashville, Tenn., July 20, 1865. Smoke, Ohristopher, Sept. 3, 1861 . Stokes, Robert, Nov. 20, 1861. Stevenson, Levi E., Sept. 3, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Tibbons, George, March 1, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23,1865. Taylor, Charles, Feb. 28, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 1, 1865. Taylor, James, Sept. 3, 1861. Thomar, William, Sept. 3, 1861. . Tagg, Michael, Sept. 4, 1861. Wagle, John, Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug, 23, 1 865. West, John, March 19, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Winters, Benjamin F., Aug. 21, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. July 10, 1865. Watts, Wm. M., March 7, 1864; pro. to adjt. May 15, 1866. Woods, Patrick D., Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. July SO, 1862. Wining, Hiram, Sept. 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. 1862. Walker, Lazarus, Sept. 3, 1861. Willet, John. Warner, Frederick. Watts, William, Sept. 3, 1861. White, Thomas, Sept. 3, 1861. Wilking, Peter, Nov. 23, 1861. Williams, Thomas, Sept. 3, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Young, Robert, Feb. 28, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 23, 1865. Zubler, David, Feb. 27, 1864; must, out with company Aug, 23, 1865. Zimmerman, Augustus, Sept. 23, 1861; must, out Dec. 30, 1864, at exp. of terra. Zindle, Charles, Feb. 26, 1864; prisoner from Oct, 1, 1864, to April 21, 1865; disch. June 19, to date May 19, 1865. ROLL OF COMPANY I, EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENT PENNSYL- VANIA VOLUNTEERS (ONE YEAR'S SERVICE). Recruited at Harrisbwrg and Reading, oeaigTied to Eigliby-third Regiment Pennsylvania Tolwiteere Marah, 1866. Captain. Robert W. McCartney, March 1, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865. First Lieuiencmt. lewis F. Mason, Doc. 22, 1861 ; pro. from private Co. H, 56th Begt. P. v., March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865; veteran. Second Lieutenant. Abraham Frauenthal, March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. First Sergeant, John S. Campbell, Feb, 23, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Sergeants. William H. McConuell, Feb. 15, 1866 ; absent, on furlough, at muster out. Alexander Backenstoss, March 1, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866, Philip P. De Haven, Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Benjamin K. Taylor, Feb, 23, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out. COrporqU. William H, Saltsman, March 1, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865, William H, Pritchard, Feb, 16, 1865 ; absent, on furlough, at muster out, Chauncey M, Shull, March 1, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866, John A, Mattia, Feb, 8, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865. George W. Burd, Feb. 16, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. David D. Burross, Feb. 16, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. John Stoomer, Feb. 8, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Francis Alexander, March 1, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Privates, Andei-son, John, Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Alwiu, Hiram, Feb. 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Boyer, Samuel, Feb. 8, 1866: must, out with company June 28, 1865. Book, Fidel, Feb. 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Brandon, John, Feb. 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Becbtol, John, Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Berger, Levi, Feb. 16, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Brown, James, Feb. 8, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Black, James, Feb. 8, 1865. Campbell, Henry, Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Conover, William W., Feb, 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866, Callahan, John, Feb, 8, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Demar, Benjamin, Feb. 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Densmore, Richard, Feb. 25, 1866. Evans, William A., Feb. 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Echilberger, Joseph, Feb. 23, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Freeburn, Barger, March 1, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Fink, John, Feb. 16, 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. May 30, 1865. Gantt, John C, Feb. 23, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Geltz, John C, Feb. 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Gibson, Charles, Feb. 16, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Gardner, James F., March 1, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Graft, Andrew, Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out vrith company June 28, 1865. Huss, Abraham S., March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Holtry, John, Feb, 8, 1865; must, Cut with company June 28, 1865. Herring, William, Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Hilbert, Solomon, Feb. 8, 1806 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Hasson, Charles, Feb. 8, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Hay, Thomas C, Feb. 23, 1865; disch. by 6. 0. June 2, 1866. Hantz, Henry, Feb. 10, 1865. Hethrington, George, Feb. 8, 1865. Harvey, John, Feb. 10, 1866. Irvine, Jesse, Feb. 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Knapp, Michael, Feb. 16, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Kain, Charles, Feb. 16, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Kroninger, Charles, Feb. 8, 1 865 ; mnst. out with company June 28, 1866. Lorah, Harrison, Feb. 15, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Lorah, Alexander, Feb. 16, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28. 1866. Myers, Alonzo, Feb. 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28 1865 Marks, Oliver D., Feb. 8, 1866; must, out with company Juno 28, 1866. Marks, Henry, Feb. 8, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Martin, James K. P., Feb. 8, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 27, 1865. GENEKAL HISTORY. 179 McOarty, William, Feb. 22, 1865 ; must, out with compauy June 28, 1866. McOurdy, John, Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Nigh, Amos, Feb. 16, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Neff, William D., Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Phillips, William, Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Buelius, Anthony, Feb. 16, 1865 j must, out with company June 28, 1866. Bichards, John, Feb. 8, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Smaltz, Daniel, Feb. 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865 Shell, Henry, Feb. 8, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Seidell, Jacob, March 1, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Sayler, George S., Feb. 9, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Stahl, George W., March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Shade, Keuben, Feb. 10, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Swartzwelder, N., Feb. 10, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 3, 1866. Slaughter, Taylor, Feb. 8, 1865 ; died at Alexandria, Va., May 30, 1866 ; grave 3185. Shoop, David, Feb. 23, 1866. Twerd, John W., March 1, 1865; must, out with company June 28,1865. Town, Edward, Feb. 8, 1865. Woods, Salnuel, Feb. 23, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Woods, John, Feb. 23, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Weirich, Michael, Feb. 23, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Wysard, Lewis, Feb. 8, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Witman, Thomas, Feb. 15, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Wertz, Anthony, Feb. 8, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Toungblood, Gilbert, Feb. 16, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Zicmer, William, Feb. 8, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1866. BOLIi OF COMPANY K (ONE YEAR'S SEKVIOB). BeoruUed in Dauphin Count//, asaigned March, 1865, to Eighty-Third Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Captain. G. W. Huff, March 9, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866.i First Lieutenant. John Deitrick, March 9, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865, Second Lieutenant, Senjamin M. Frank, March 11, 1866 ; pro. to adjt. May 6, 1866. First Sergeant. David 0. Kitter, March 7, 1866 ; com. 2d lieut. June 23, 1865 ; not mus- tered ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Sergeants. 3. J. Sponenberger, March 3, 1865; must, 'out with company June 28, 1865. Michael W. Bowei-s, March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. M. D. Barndollar, March 3, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Henry Derr, March 7, 1866 ; pro. to sergt. June 2, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Cor's B. Buffington, March 7, 1865; disch. on suTg. certif. June 2, 1865. Corporals. Peter Derr, March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. John Ditty, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865 . J. W. Eshleman, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company .Tune 28, 1865. Benjamin F. Krouso, March 3, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1866. William Baskin, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865, John J. Nagle, March 8, 1865 ; mnst. out with company June 28, 1865. Henry J. Michael, March 9, 1S66 ; wounded; disch. by G. 0. June 17, 1865. Musicians. Adam Everich, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. John H. Keim, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Privates. Anderson, Thompson, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Beigh, John B , March 3, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Bowers, John H., March 3, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Baughman, P. S., March 3, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Benner, Henry, March 3, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Blymire, Benjamin, March 9, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Brink, Bradford, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Baker, R. M., March 3, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Brink, William, March 3, 1865; not on muster-out roll. Charles, Ira, March 3, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Crook, Samuel, March 7, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Carpenter, John H., March 3, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Cumbler, Jesse B., March 7, 1865 ; mnst. out with company June 28, 1866. Carver, Augustus, March 9, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Clase, Daniel W;, March 3, 1865; not on muster-out roll. Dudley, John C, March 3,1866; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Deitrick, Jacob E., March 3, 1866 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 15, 1865. Funk, James, March 7, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Glaza, Sumuel, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Grant, George W., March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Holman, Jacob, March 8, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Hayes, David M., March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Hefelfin^er, William L., March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Hamilton, Levi W., March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Hunter, Isaiah, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Hetriek, William, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Heckand, Frederick, March 8, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Imhoff, Benjamin H., March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Jones, John C, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Kritzer, Samuel S., March 3, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Keiser, Jacob, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Knight, Cyrus, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Kline, Jonas, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Lebkichler, Joseph, March 7, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Lebkichler, George W., March 7, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Lehman, William, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company. June 28, 1866. Lucas, Joshua, March 3, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865, LevingBton, Christian, March 9, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Levingston, Samuel, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Lidick, David, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Livingston, Benjamin, March 3,1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Long, William, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Lutz, Isaac, March 7, 1866 ; must, out with compauy June 28, 1866. Miller, Henry, March 9, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Miller, Joseph, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Miller, George W., March 3, 1865 ; must, out with compauy June 28, 1865. Meek, Morris, March 3, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Meek, Nelson, March 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. McKelvy, Thomas, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. McGlaughlin, C, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Newberry, Lewis, March 3, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. July 10, 1866. O'Neil, Jeremiah, March 3, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Prior, John W., March 7, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Parson, Napoleon B., March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Potter, William H., March 9, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Boush, Daniel, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. 180 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Rush, Nathaniel, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Beifsnyder, Lewis C, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Boush, Simon, March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Kitter, William R., March 8, 1S65; must, out with company June' 28, 1865. Eupp, George, March 3, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Shure, Henry, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Snyder, Charles C, March 3, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Sponenberger, Foster, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Sponenberger, F., March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Spicher, Samuel L , March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Shuman, Michael, March 3, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Sheesley, George, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company/uue 28, 1865. Segrist, Henry H., March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Snoke, John N., March 3, 1865 ; disch. on aurg. certif. June 15, 1865. Trimmer, John, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. ■Williamson, Cyrus, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Williamson, Ramsey, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Weiser, David R. P., March 3, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1866. Walt, Joshua, March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Weirick, Henry H., March 3, 1866; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Zaring, John W., March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Zeigler, Alfred C, March 7, 1866 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Hart, James, March 22, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Henton, Le'rt, Oct. 29, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Jenkins, William D., March 28, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Kiuter, John, Feb. 25, 1864; died April 8, 1864; buiied in Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pa. Keiif, James, May 9, 1864; not on muster-out roll. McMurdy, Isaac, March 31, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Nichols, Francis, Oct. 29, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Nicholson, John, March 28, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Newton, John E., March 7, 1864; not on muster-out roll. O'Brien, John Patrick, Feb. 24, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Bice, John, March 29, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. SummerVille, C. E., May 13, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Scranton, George W., March 9, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Van Wart, James A., Feb. 23, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Wright, Lewis, Feb. 27, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Woritschit, H. A., Feb. 22, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. EltJHTY-FOURTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOL- UNTEERS. The Eighty-fourth Eegimeat was recruited under the direction of William G. Murray, in the counties of Blair, Lycoming, Clearfield, Dauphin, Columbia, Cameron, and Westmoreland. The men rendezvoused at Camp Crossman, near Huntingdon, and subse- quently at Camp Curtin. Recruiting commenced early in August, and towards the close of October an organization was efiected by the choice of the follow- ing field-offlcers : William G. Murray, colonel ; Thomas 0. Macdowell, lieutenant-colonel; Walter Barrett, major. On the 31st of December the regiment was ordered to Hancock, Md., arriving Jan. 2, 1862. Here it re- ceived arms, Belgian muskets, and crossing the Poto- mac, proceeded rapidly to Bath, where a portion of the Thirty-ninth Illinois, with a section of artillery. Lieut. Muhlenberg, was posted, confronting the enemy. Upon his arrival Col. Murray assumed command of the entire force, and at four o'clock on the morning of the 4th advance'd to the eminence beyond the town and deployed in line of battle. He soon learned that Stonewall Jackson, with a well-ap- pointed force of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, greatly superior to his own, was in his front. At eight o'clock Jackson began to press upon him, driving in his skir- mishers. By skillful manoeuvring, preserving a bold front, he kept the enemy at bay until near nightfall, when he fell back to Hancock, with the loss of but one man, drowned in crossing the stream. During the night Gen. Lander arrived and assumed com- mand, and Jackson, who had approached and was shelling the town, sent Col. Ashby, on the morning of the 5th, with a flag of truce, to demand its imme- diate surrender. Lander defiantly refused, and having been reinforced with Parrott guns, a spirited cannon- ade ensued, which was kept up during the entire day following. But this demonstration on the part of Jackson was to cover his movement upon Romney, and Lander, as soon as be discovered his antagonist's pur- pose, hastened away to secure its evacuation, which he did, bringing his forces into Cumberland. The Eighty- fourth made a forced march to the latter place, ar- riving on the 12th. Jackson having been foiled in his expedition to Romney by the rapid movement of Lander, returned to Winchester, and the Eighty- fourth was posted successively during the winter at the North Branch Bridge, at the South Branch Bridge, and at Paw Paw, points along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. On the 2d of March Gen. LandeV died, the command devolving on Col. Kimball, and soon after the regiment moved on to Winchester. Here Gen. Shields took command of the division, and about the middle of the month drove the enemy up the valley, four miles beyond Strasburg, skirmishing with his rear-guard, who d^troyed bridges and obstructed the way as he went. As Shields returned to, Winchester, Jackson, reinforced, followed closely on his track, the Eighty-fourth marching on the 20th from its camp near Strasburg, without a halt, to Winchester. At five P.M. on the 22d it returned at double-quick through the town, and moved to the support of the Union cavalry, posted at the west end, which the enemy was engaged in shelling. Soon after the regi- ment arHved upon the ground Gen. Shields was struck by a fragment of shell and disabled, the command again devolving on Col. Kimball. The Eighty-fourth was ordered to fix bayonets in anticipation of a charge, but the enemy soon after retreated, and was driven about two miles in the direction of Kernstown, where the regiment bivouacked for the night. On the fol- lowing morning it was engaged in laying out the ground for a camp, when the enemy, at eleven a.m., attacked, and it was immediately ordered into line in support of artillery. Under cover of a wooded emi- nence on the right the enemy advanced, and with GENERAL HISTORY. 181 infantry and artillery gained a foothold upon the flank, behind rocks and a stone wall, where he seri- ously threatened the integrity of the Union line. This position the Eighty-fourth was ordered to charge. Forming upon the high ground near the Kernstown road, it moved gallantly through an open valley and up towards the wooded eminence, where were the guns. As it gained the crest the rebel infantry rose up from behind rocks and the fence where they had been concealed, and poured upon it withering volleys. The fire was returned with good effect ; but, standing without shelter and at close range, it was fearfully decimated. Col. Murray's horse was struck, when he dismounted and advanced on foot. A moment later, while at the head of his men, and leading them on for the capture of the guns, he was himself struck in the forehead by a minie-ball and instantly killed. At this juncture, being without a fleld-oflScer, with two of its captains fallen, the regi- ment fell into some confusion, and a part of it fell back under the shelter of the crest. The remainder, led by Lieut. George Zinn, taking shelter behind trees, kept up a steady fire. At this juncture the Fifth Ohio came ujo on the right, and, with other troops, forced the enemy from his position. A gen- eral advance was ordered along the entire line, and the foe was driven in utter rout. Three hundred prisoners, two guns, four caissons, and a thousand stand of small-arms were taken. Out of two hundred and sixty of the Eighty-fourth who went into battle twenty-three were killed and sixty-seven wounded. Col. Murray, Capt. Patrick Gallagher, and Lieut. Charles Reem were killed. After the battle the Eighty-fourth, under command of Maj. Barrett, was assigned to provost duty in the town of Berryville, where it remained until the 2d of May. It then joined in the general advance up the valley, and passing through Strasburg and Front Royal, proceeded to Fredericksburg. Scarcely had it reached its destination, when it was ordered back to Front Royal, where it arrived on the 30th. On the following day a smart skirmish was had on the Winchester road, after which the brigade, — the Fourth of Shields' division, — commanded by Col. Carroll, moved on towards Port Republic, arriving on the 8th of June. " We charged," says an officer of the Eighty-fourth, " what we took to be a wagon-train, but soon found that it consisted of about thirty pieces of artillery with wagon covers, which gave us a warm reception. The next day, June 9th, the enemy came out in large numbers, and advanced to the attack. He came up in fine style, and fought hard to turn our right flank, but was repulsed with great loss. While we were following up our advantage, however, his forces outflanked us on the left, and came in on our rear. We then faced about, and the Third Brigade of our division coming up, we had them between two fires, and they soon fled to the mountains. He had by. this time reformed his lines in front, and was coming down in such numbers as to make a resist- ance out of the question, and the general gave the order to fall back. Now commenced a running fight. He followed us for several miles, and kept his bat- teries at work in a manner that showed that he was familiar with the route. His cavalry made repeated charges, but was repulsed by the steady fire of our in- fantry. We finally came upon the First and Second Brigades, drawn up in line, with Gen. Shields in command, when the enemy gave over the pursuit and rapidly retired." From Port Republic the division marched to Alex- andria, whence the First and Second Brigades pro- ceeded to the Peninsula, and the Third and Fourth went into camp near the town. The campaign had been a severe one, the marches long and difiicult, the men poorly clad, and much of the time subsisting on scanty rations. On the 25th of June, Samuel M. Bowman, of Columbia County, late a major in the Fourth Illinois Cavalry, who had seen service under Grant and Sherman in the Western army, was com- missioned colonel, Maj. Barrett was promoted to lieu- tenant-colonel, and Adjt. Thomas H. Craig to major. In July the regiment broke camp and marched out to join Pope's army. . Carroll's brigade was here at- tached to Bicketts' division of McDowell's corps. In the battle of Cedar Mountain, which occurred on the 9th of August, the regiment was not under fire until after dark, when a few of the enemy's shots and shells reached its ranks. On the 14th it joined in pursuit of the enemy, following him up to the Rapidan, oc- cupying the line of the river until the 19th, when it retired to the Rappahannock. Here for a week the rebels were held at bay, the fighting being general along the entire line, for the most part with the artil- lery. As soon as it was ascertained that the enemy had turned Pope's right flank, Ricketts' division was sent to Thoroughfare Gap, to check the progress of Longstreet's corps on its way to join Jackson, already at Manassas Junction, in Pope's rear. In the engage- ment which ensued the regiment took little part. On the 29th it moved into position on the right flank of the army, near Groveton, and on the morning of the 30th was warmly engaged. It remained upon the field until after dark, and for several hours after the ma!ss of the army had crossed Bull Run. It was finally charged by a force of the enemy which ap- proached under cover of darkness. Uncertain whether it was friend or foe advancing, Lieut. Alban H. Nixon volunteered to go out and ascertain his true character. He passed the outer pickets without discovery, and soon found himself in the very midst of Gen. Pender's South Carolina troops, who were moving upon the flank of the brigade, and only waiting the signal that its retreat was cut off to move upon and capture it entire. At the peril of his life Nixon shouted, " They are the enemy, boys !" when a timely retreat was'or- dered, and the greater part of the brigade was snatched from the clutches of Pender's troops. Enraged at 182 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. having their well-laid plans thus suddenly frustrated, they threatened Nixon with instant death, and were only prevented from executing it by a fellow-prisoner, who seized him by the arm and exclaimed, " You will not shoot an unarmed man?" He was spared, and with other officers and men found upon the skirmish line was marched away to Richmond. When the regiment arrived within the defenses of Washington it had scarcely seventy men in its ranks fit for duty. In consequence of its severe losses it was ordered to light duty at Arlington Heights, in the command of Gen. Whipple, where it remained during the Antie- tam campaign. In the mean time, through the ex- ertions of patriotic citizens of Pennsylvania, some of whom accepted commissions, headed by Col. Bow- man, about four hundred recruits were added to its ranks, which, with the return of men from hospitals and from furlough, brought its numbers up to the full standard of a regiment. About the middle of October it proceeded to rejoin the army, near Berlin, and marched with, it to the neighborhood of Fredericksburg. In the campaign which followed it continued in Gen. Whipple's in- dependent division. On the second day of the battle of Fredericksburg, Gen. Griffin called on Gen. Whipple for Carroll's brigade. It was promptly ordered for- ward, and moved up through the town under an in- cessant shower of shot and shell. Taking temporary refuge in a cut of the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad, the officers dismounted. At the word of command, climbing the steep aclivity at double- quick, the entire brigade rushed on and soon reached the front. Such was the spirit and daring of the movement that two companies of the Eighty-fourth reached a point considerably in advance of the line of battle, whence they had to be recalled. During the following night the enemy approached stealthily under cover of darkness, with the expectation of sur- prising and forcing the part of the line where lay the Eighty-fourth and One Hundred and Tenth Pennsyl- vania, but was handsomely repulsed. At the close of the action the regiment retired with the army, and went into winter-quarters. Gen. Carroll, in his official report, says, " Where all did so well it seems invidi- ous to particularize ; but 1 cannot forbear mentioning Col. S. M. Bowman and Maj. Milton Opp, of the Eighty-fourth, and Lieut.-Col. Crowther, of the One Hundred and Tenth, whose coolness, judgment, and unsparing bravery were conspicuous." Under Gen. Hooker the army was reorganized, and the Eighty-fourth and One Hundred and Tenth Penn- sylvania and Twelfth New Hampshire constituted the Second Brigade of the Third Division (Whipple's) of the Third Corps, and Col. Bowman was assigned to its command. During the winter the principal duty consisted in guard and picket, in which the regiment shared, frequently meeting parties of the enemy, who made their appearance on the north bank of the river. By close scrutiny Col. Bowman discovered that per- mits, or what purported to be permits, from Union authorities were used by the enemy to come within our lines. These irregularities were reported and effectually broken up. The part taken by the regiment in the Chancellors- ville campaign is clearly shown by the following ex- tract from Maj. Opp's official report : " After severe marches, occupying a period of five days from the 28th of April, we were brought in contact with the enemy on the afternoon of the 2d of May. In a reconnois- sance made by two divisions of the Third Corps to the left of Chancellorsville, and in the vicinity of an old furnace, the regiment was ordered to advance in line, with .flanking companies thrown forward as skirmishers, to unmask the position of the enemy. Under the immediate supervision of Col. Bowman, commanding the brigade, the object was successfully anti handsomely attained, with the loss of only two men wounded. On the morning of the 3d, at day- light, we were judiciously and strongly posted to the left of the plank-road, and to the left of Chancellors- ville, as a reserve force. The attack of the enemy had continued but a short time, when one line to the front of us gave way. Col. Bowman's orders to the Eighty-fourth and the One Hundred and Tenth to advance and occupy the position just abandoned were promptly and gallantly executed. The old lines were regained, and held for about an hour and until all the regiments on the right and left of the Eighty- fourth had retired, leaving us in an isolated and ex- posed position. In the hope that reinforcements would' arrive, I still held the men in place, maintain- ing a steady and effective fire to the front. It was dis- covered, however, that a large force of the enemy had succeeded, by making an extensive detour under cover of a dense wood, in gaining our rear, where he was supported by a vigorous enfilading fire from several guns planted on an eminence to our front and left. It became obvious that to remain was equivalent to capture in a body, while to retreat was perilous in the extreme. The latter alternative was adopted. The retreat was executed in good order, but not without heavy losses and severe fighting. In numerous in- stances the men clubbed their muskets in hand-to- hand encounters. Parties who had been overpowered, seizing opportune moments, took up guns at hand, demanded and obtained the surrender of many of their captors. Lieut. Farley, of Company F, who had been captured in the strife, headed a number of our men, and succeeded in extricating himself, and in capturing one captain, two lieutenants, and twenty-five men. These, with five men captured be- fore the retreat began, made an aggregate of thirty- three rebel prisoners taken by the regiment. Our own losses were necessarily heavy from the pecu- liarity of the situation. Of three hundred and ninety- one officers and men engaged, two hundred and nine- teen were killed, wounded, and missing. Capt. Jacob Petermau was among the killed, and Capt. C. G. GENERAL HISTORY. 183 Jackson, Lieuts. William Hayes, Albert Steinman, John E. Ross, George S. Good, and Asst.-Surg. John S. Waggoner severely wounded, most of whom fell into the enemy's hands." The regiment participated in the operations of the brigade on the new line taken up on the morning of the 4th, but without further casualties. Gen. Whipple was killed in this engagement, and the losses of his division were so great that it was broken up and the regiments assigned to other commands. The Eighty-fourth became part of Gen. Carr's brigade of the Second Corps, and was separated from the One Hundred and Tenth, with which it had served from its entrance to duty. On the 11th of June, Col. Bow- man was ordered to special duty, and never afterward rejoined the regiment. In December previous, Maj. Milton Opp had been promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. George Zinn to major. In the Gettysburg campaign, the regiment upon its arrival at Taneytown, Md., was detailed as guard to the corps train, and immediately proceeded with it to Westminster, where it was employed in forwarding supplies to the battle-field, a vitally important duty, but one devoid of heroic incident. Upon the return of the army to Virginia, the regi- ment was engaged at Wapping Heights on the 24th of July, in the neighborhood of Thoroughfare Gap on the 10th of October, at Freeman's Ford in a sharp skirmish on the 13th, at Bristoe Station on the 14th and again on the 19th, at Kelly's Ford on the 7th of November, at Jacob's Ford on November 27th, at Lo- cust Grove on the 28th, and at Mine Run on the 30th, losing four men mortally wounded, five slightly wounded, five missing, and one officer, Lieut. Good, captured. At the conclusion of the campaign the regi- ment returned to the neighborhood of Brandy Sta- tion, where it went into winter-quarters. In January, 1864, a considerable number of the regiment re-en- listed, and were given a veteran furlough. On the 6th of February the enemy crossed the Rapidan in some force, and the Eighty-fourth moved with the column sent against him. He was driven back and one hundred of his men were taken prisoners. Upon the opening of the Wilderness campaign the regiment moved with the corps by the Germania Ford, and while marching on south along the Fred- ericksburg road, on the afternoon of the 5th of May, the enemy was discovered moving down in heavy force upon its flank. Line of battle was immediately formed and advanced to meet him, the fighting be- coming general along the whole line, extending for miles. On the following day the fighting was very severe, and proved particularly disastrous to the Eighty-fourth, resulting in the loss of many brave men. Lieut.-Col. Opp, while leading in a charge, re- ceived a wound through the right lung which proved a mortal hurt. He was a brave man, and sincerely mourned by his men. On the 7th the regiment moved on towards the left, and on the 8th, near Spottsylvania Court-House, Company K had a brisk skirmish. At Pamunkey River, on the 10th, the regi- ment was again engaged, driving the enemy across the stream. On the morning of the 12th it joined in the brilliant charge of Hancock's corps, carrying elab- orate lines of works, and making large captures of men and guns. The following extract from a diary of Capt. L. B. Sampson will convey some idea of the arduous service of the regiment in this campaign : " May 14th skirmished, moved to the right, skir- mished all the afternoon; 16th, lay in line all day; 17th, fought on the picket line, drove the enemy into his works ; 18th, skirmished all day ; 19th, marched to Spottsylvania Court-House; 20th, lay in line of battle all day, received a good shelling; 21st, marched to Guiney Station, thence to Bowling Green, thence to Milford Station on the Po River; 22d, rested all day; 23d, marched to the North Anna, charged and carried the rebel works. Company K volunteering to hold a bridge, — a warm time they had of it ; 24th, crossed the river under a heavy fire ; 25th and 26th, rested ; 27th, marched to the Pamunkey and crossed at Han- over City; 29th, skirmished and built works; 30th, lay in the works all day ; 31st, our brigade, Col. Blaisdell commanding, fought the first battle of Pleas- ant Hill ; June 1st, our regiment had a sharp skirmish at Pleasant Hill, — we lost a good many men for a small fight." In this latter engagement, Lieut. Nixon, who had saved the regiment from capture at Bull Run by his timely signal, even at the peril of his life, was again severely wounded with the loss of his left arm. Such was the general character of the service until the regiment reached the James on the 14th of June, when it crossed and was at once engaged in the oper- ations of the siege of Petersburg. Advancing the lines, building fortifications, and defending the ground gained, interspersed with occasional assaults, filled up the measure of its duty until the 27th of July, when it recrossed the James, and had part in the engage- ment at Deep Bottom. Returning to the lines in front of Petersburg, it was again engaged in the varied du- ties of the siege until "the 14th of August, when it again moved to Deep Bottom, and in the sharp en- gagement which ensued the enemy was driven out of his works at Charles City Cross-Roads and some pris- oners taken. Returning again to Petersburg, it re- sumed its place upon the works. On the 1st of Octo- ber it moved by rail with the corps to Yellow House, and thence marched to the extreme left of the lines. The first line of the enemy's works was charged and carried. The second line was charged, but the column was repulsed. Lieut.-Col. Zinn had command of the assaulting party, and while urging on his men in the final charge was severely wounded. In October the men whose terms of service had ex- pired were mustered out, and the veterans and re- cruits were organized in a battalion of four com- panies, which remained on duty until the 13th of January, 1865, when it was consolidated with the 18-i HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania, and thenceforward until the end of the war formed part of that organiza- tion. The battalion participated in the operations of the corps upon the Weldon Railroad on the 27th of October, and again on the 9th of December, in the latter destroying the road as far as Bellefield Station. Upon the consolidation of the battalion with the Fifty-seventh, Lieut.-Ool. Zinn became colonel, George W. Perkins lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. Samuel Bryan major. The Fifty-seventh was finally mustered out of service on the 29th of June, 1865. KOLL OF COMPANY B, EIGHTY-POUEIH BBGIMENT PENN- SYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). ReeruiUd in DmvpMn and Lijcoming Counties. I Captains, Harrison W. Miles, Aug. 16, 1861; ros. Oct. 16, 1862. Samuel Bryan, Oct. 18, 1801; wounded at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862 ; pro. from 1st lieut. to capt. Oct. 1.5, 1862 ; com. maj. May 10, 1864 ; not mustered ; trans, to 57th Begt.- P. V. Jan. 13, 1865. First Lieutenants. Edmund Mather, Sept. 21, 1861 ; pro. to lat sergt. ; to 1st lieut. Deo. 19, 1862 ; to adjt. Jan. 18, 1863. Jesse B. Young, ■, 1861 ; pro. to 2a lieut. Oct. 4, 1862 ; to 1st lieut. Jan. 18, 1863 ; com. capt. May 10, 1864: not mustered ; disch. Dec. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. Second Lieutenants. George Zinn, Oct. 1, 1861 ; pro. to capt. Co. D Oct. 2, 1862. Albert Smith, Sept. 21, 1861 ; pro. from Ist sergt. to 2d lieut. Jan. 18, 1863; com. 1st lieut. May 10, 1864; not mustered; disch. Dec. 10, 1864, at exp. of term. First Sergeants. Simpson Simmons, Dec. 11,1861; pro. from sergt. Jan. 18, 1863; ciip- turedatChancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; wounded at Mine Run Nov. 30, 1863 ; died at Alexandria Dec. 9, 1863 ; grave 1445. William I.Warner, Dec. 11, 1861 ; pro. from sergt.; disch. at exp. of term. William Everingham, Dec. 11, 1861 ; pro. from private ; disch. at exp. of term. George Smith, Dec. 11 , 1861 ; wounded and captured at ChancellorsviUe, Va., May 3, 1863 ; discharged, date unknown. Samuel J. Wilber, Dec, 11, 1861 ; discharged, date unknown. Corporals. Edward Stokes, Dec. 11, 1861 ; wounded at Bull Bun, Va., Aug, 30 1862 • roust, out Dec. 20, 1864, at exp. of term. Peter Soups, Dec. 11, 1861 ; wounded at Winchester, Va., March 23 1862 ■ died, date unknown. * Jackson Hollenback, Dec. 11, 1861 ; disch, Juno 12, for wounds received at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862, John A. Snadden, Dec. 11, 1861 ; trans, to Co, A; veteran, Musicimis. Wash. B. Poust, Deo. 11, 1861 ; disch, Dec. 1, 1862. Philip L. Stevenson, Dec. 11, 1861 ; wounded at Mine Run, Va., Nov. 30 1863 ; captured ; died at Salisbury, N. 0., Jan. 7, 186B. Privates. Ashley, John L., Dec. 11, 1861; wounded and captured at Chancellors- viUe, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date unknown. Bennett, Isaac, Dec. 11, 1861 ; died at Falmouth, Va., Feb. 26, 1863. Bush, Charles E., Dec. 11, 1861 ; discharged, date unknown." Bryan, David M., Sept. 13, 1862; trans, to Co. G, 57th Regt. P, V., Jan. 13, 1865. Bastian, Jacob, Sept, 27, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va, Dec. 13 1862 ; trans, to Co. G, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Campbell, Wm. E., Dec. 11, 1861 ; died at Falmouth, Va., Dec. 19, 1863. Campbell, Henry D., Dec. 11, 1861; disch. at exp. of term. Craig, Alfred, Dec. 1 ' , 1861 ; discharged, date unknown. Corson, Milton, Dec. 11, 1861 ; discharged, date unknown. Casey, James, died at Antietam, Md. ; buried in National Cemetery, sec- tion 26, lotF, grave 622. Downing, Eugene, Dec. 11, 1861 ; discharged, date unknown. Edgar, Thomas, Dec. 11, 1861 ; died, date unknown. Fenstermacker, W. J., Dec. 11, 1861, captured at CbaDcellorsville, Va., May 3, 1363; disch. at exp. of term. Fitch, Daniel H., Dec. 11, 1861 ; disch. at exp. of term. Furgeson, George W., Dec. 11, 1861; captured at ChancellorsviUe, Va., May 3, 18'63 ; died June 12, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, Ar- lington. Gower, Elias, Dec. 11, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 9, 1863. Glidewell, Thomas, Dec. 11, 1861 ; died June 18, 1862. Greensweight, S., Dec. 11, 1861 ; disch, Dec, 16, 1862, Givens, George, Dec, 11, 1861 ; disch, Oct, 3, 1862, Harp, Washington, , 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; discharged, date unknown. Haas, James, Oct. 6, 1862 ; wounded at Mine Run, Ya., Nov. 30, 1863 ; trans, to Co. G, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Haas, Jonathan, Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. G, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Hawlk, Charles, Deo. 11, 1863. Jordan, Daniel, Dec. 11, 1861; trans, to Co, A; veteran, Jordan, Samuel, disch. Sept, 30, 1862; Killian, Reuben, Dec, 11, 1861; died March 25th of wounds received at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, lot 9, Kuntz, James, Dec, 11, 1861 ; died March 29th of wounds received at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1865. Krigbanm, Orlando, Oct. 16, 1862 ; wounded and captured at Chan- cellorsviUe, Va., May 3, 1863 ; disch, by G. 0. June 7, 1865. Lentz, Forrest M., Deo. 11, 1861 ; wounded and captured at Chancellors- viUe, Va., May 3, 1863; disch, at exp, of term, Lloyd, George, , 1862; wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3. 1863 ; discharged, date unknown. Lawrence, Her'n H., Sept, 15, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 11, 1863. Lawrence, Ahram B., Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. G, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. - Osman, David C, Oct. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A ; veteran. Pinkerton, Joseph, Dec, 11 , 1861 ; disch, Dec, 18, 1862, for wounds re- ceived at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. Poust, William, Dec. 11, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 8, 1862. Parker, Charles, Dec. 11, 1861. Quick, William C, Dec. 11, 1861 ; wounded and captured at Chancellors- viUe, Va., May 3, 1863; discharged, date unknown. Rohbins, Arthur, Sept. 15, 1862 ; disch, Feb, 21, 1863, Rouse, Alonzo, disch. Feb. 18, 1863. Saxon, Mark A., Dec. 11,1861; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; trans, to Co. A; veteran, Stauffer, Daniel, Deo. 11, 1861; died of wounds received at Fredericks- burg, Va,, Dec, 13, 1862, Simmons, Thomas S,, Dec, 14, 1861 ; wounded and captured at Chan- cellorsville, Va,, May 3, 1863 ; disch, at exp. of term. Sultzberger, John, Dec. 11, 1861, Stevenson, George N,, Dec, 11, 1861; disch, Oct, 27, 1862. Soars, John, Dec. 11, 1861 ; died at Cumberland, Md., Feb. 27, 1862. Speary, John, Deo. 11, 1861; disch. at exp. of term. Speary, Benjamin C, Deo. 11, 1861 ; captured at ChancellorsviUe, Va., May 3. 1863 ; disch. at exp. of term. Shissler, .lohn, Deo. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. Terry, Ehonezer N., Deo. 11, 1861 ; captured at Oulpeper Court>Hous6, Va, Taylor, C. W,, captured at Mine Run, Va,, Nov, 30, 1863; died at Au- dersonville, Ga,, May 24, 1864 ; grave 47, Ulrich, Adam, Sept, 15, 1862 ; disch, on surg, certif,, date unknown. Unger, Daniel, Deo. It, 1861 ; disch. at exp. of term. Voorhees, Addison, Dec. 11, 1861. Weaver, Jacob, Dec, 11, 1861 ; died at Cumberland, Md,, March 12, 1862. Warn, Afexander, Dec. 11, 1861 ; wounded at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Warn, James, Doc. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 22, 1862. Williams, Jacob T., Dec. 11, 1861 ; disch, on surg, certif, June 18, 1863. Williams, John, Dec, 13, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A ; veteran. Walker, James, Deo. 11, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 8, 1862. Watson, Mark, , 1861 ; disch. Feb. 5, 1863. GENERAL HISTORY. 185 BOLL OF COMPANY H, BIGHTT-FOUETH REGIMENT PENNSYL- VANIA VOLUNTEERS (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). Secmited m Daujphin and GlearfUld CountieB. Captawx, William M. Bahao, Sept. 24, 1862 ; tlisch. June 8, 1863. ■Clarence G. Jackaon, Aug. 2, 1862 ; pro. from 2d to Ist lieut. Jan. 18, 1863; to capt. July 1, 1863 ; wounded and captured at Chancellora- ville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H, 67th Eegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. First lAeutencuKts. Alexander R. Nininger, Aug, 6, 1862 ; pro. from 2d lieut. ; disch. Jan. 17, 1863. James S. Mitchell, March 17, 1862 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Jan. 18, 1863 ; to 1st lieut. July 1, 1863 ; captured at Chaucellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Second Lmdenants. William A. Wilson, May 28, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; pro. from private July 1, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Begt. P. v., Jan. 13, 1866. Arthur C, Gilbert, June 6, 1862 ; pro. to lat lieut. Co. I Oct. 1, 1862. William F. Cox, June 5, 1862; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; not accounted for. Andrew D. Seely, Aug. 6, 1862; trans, to Co. H, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. PrivatefS. Burk, JamoB, June 6, 1862; died Oct. 24, 1864; buried in National Cem- etery, Arlington, Va. Baasett, James, June 6, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 67th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Barton, C. Frank, Aug. 6, 1862; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Beach, William, Sept. 13, 1862 ; not accounted for. Briner, James J., Sept. 23, 1862 ; not accounted for. Bryan, David M., Sept. 15, 1862 ; not accounted for. Crawford, Charles E., June 6, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Curry, James, July 7, 1862 ; not accounted for. Coagrove, Martin, July 18, 1862 ; not accounted for. Campboll, John, July 31, 1862; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Cook, Frank, Aug. 13, 1862 ; not accounted for. Chamberlain, Jamea, Aug. 26, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13. 1865. Chase, Isaac, Sept. 13, 1862 ; not accounted for. Conklin, Frederick, Sept. 11, 1862; captured; died at Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 8, 1864. Dunlap, Jamea, July 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Dibert, Washington, May 20, 1864 ; trana. to Co. H, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Dewalt, William L., June 6, 1862 ; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Despies, Felix, July 7, 1862 ; not accounted for. Duryea, William J., Aug. 8, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H., 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13. 1866. Dailey, Thomas, Aug. 11, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Bisman, Nicholas, July 31, 1862; trans, to Co. H:,67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Bstep, David, Sept. 23, 1862 ; trans, to Co. E. ^ Edgar, Uriah M., Sept. 23, 1863 ; not accounted for. rink, Frederick, July 31, 1862 ; not accounted for. Frees, Charles H., Ang. 25, 1862 ; wounded and captured at Chancellors- ville, Va.. May 3, 1863. Fowler, Samuel S., Aug. 26, 1862 ; not accounted for. Grew, Nelson, June 6, 1862 ; not accoonted for. Glasgow. Joseph, June 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Garrigan, John, Juno 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Griffith, Joseph, July 7, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Gearhart, William C, Aug. 6, 1862; not accounted for. Gelnett, Edward, Sept. 13, 1862 ; not accounted for. Hughes, Joseph L., July 7, 1862 ; not accounted for. Hughes, Benjamin F., July 7, 1862; not accounted for. Harrington, John, Aug. 6, 1862 ; wounded and captured at Chancellors- ville, Va., May 3, 1863. Hiney, George, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Jordan, James M., Sept. 10, 1862 ; not accounted for. James, Salisbury H., not accounted for. Kline, George A., Aug. 6, 1862; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H., 67th Regiment P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Lewis, Frank, June 5, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Lindemuth, .Toseph, June 6, 1862; not accounted for. Lewis, James M., May 17, 1862; trans, to Co. K. Low, Thomas B., Aug. 21, 1862 ; trana. to Vet. Res. Corps; died at Waah- ington, D. C, March 8, 1864. Lane, William H., Sept. 6, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Lias, Francis A., Sept. 13, 1862 ; not accounted for. Maguire, George, June .5, 1862 ; not accounted for. Merchant, Thoma'i E., June 26, 1862 ; trans, to Co. F. Millard, Oscar B., Aug 6, 1862; not accounted for. Miller, Thomas B., Aug. 21, 1862 ; not accounted for. Manes, Henry, Sept. 11, 1862 ; captured at Chancelforsville, Va., May 3, 1863; trans, to Co. H, 57th Begt. P.V., Jan. 13,1865. McE , William H., June 5, 1862 ; not accounted for. McGowan, .Tames, Ang. 5, 1862 ; not accounted for. Nolan, Garrett, June 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Nevil, Jacob, Oct. 3, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Oberly, Daniel, Sept. 17, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Eegt. P. V., .Ian. 13, 1866. Ostrander, Levi, Sept. 30, 1862 ; trana. to Co. I, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Perry, Hiram, June 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Pea, John, Ang. 6, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Pearce, Augustus B,, Sept. 13, 1862 ; not accounted for. Peterman, Benjamin F., Sept. 17, 1862 ; not accounted for. Quick, Daniel, Aug. 6, 1862; trana. to Co. H, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Rehr, George, June 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Euch, William'n., Ang. 6, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 67th Eegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Euch, James J., Aug. 6, 1862 ; trana. to Co. H, 67th Eegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Beams, Allen B., Aug. 30, 1862 ; trana. to Co. K, 67th Eegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Schaffer, William H., June 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Schneiber, John, July 7, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps Sept. 26, 1863 ; diaob. July 6, 1866. Stifer, John, Aug. 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Stoner, Jacob, Sept. 6, 1862 ; not accounted for, Sherman, Joahua P., Aug. 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Solt, Alonzo, Aug. 21, 1862; not accounted for. Sollery, Andrew J., Sept. 12, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Eegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Thompaon, George, June 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Torsey, Timothy, July 18, 1862 ; not accounted for. Wright, Thomas, June 5, 1862 ; not accounted for. Whitnight, Amos, Aug. 6, 1862; not accounted for. Welsh, Abner, Aug. 6, 1862; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; not accounted for. Warner, Joseph P., Aug. 21, 1862 ; not accounted for. Wilhelm, Daniel, Aug. 11, 1862 ; not accounted for. Young, William, Aug. 6, 1862 ; not accounted for. Toung, Rudolph L., Aug. 30, 1862 ; trans, to Co. K, 67th Eegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. EIGHTY-SEVENTH KBGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. This was virtually a York County regiment, but as a portion of one company was recruited in the county of Dauphin, we can only refer to the history of the regiment in the third volume of the " History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-65." 186 HISTOEY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. EOLL OF COMPANY B, EIGHTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT PENN- SYLVANIA VOLUNTBEBS (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). Becruited in DaupJiin and YorTt Counties. Captains. Jacob Bet'wiler, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. oertif. July 21, 1363. Lewis Maisb, Sept. 14, 1861; pro. from 2il to let lieut. May 26, 1863; to cnpt. Oct. a6, 1863 ; captured June 23, 1864 ; diBoh. March 23, 1865. Zeph. E. Hersh, Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. from aergt. to 2d lieut. Jan. 20,1866 ; to capt. Jan. 24, 1865; to brevet maj. April 2, 1865; must, out with company June 29, 1865 ; veteran. First Lieutenants. John Crull, Sept. 14, 1861 ; res. May 26, 1863. George C. Stroman, Sept. 14, 1861 ; pro. from Ist sergt. to 2d lieut. May 26, 1863 ; to Ist lieut. Oct. 25, 1863 ; to adjt. July 9, 1864. James Tearney, Sept. 14, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 1st aergt. Oct. 1, 1863 ; to iBt lieut. Aug. 9, 1865 ; to capt. Co. A Dec. 13, 1864; veteran. Edward F. Coe, Sept. 12, 1861; trans, from Co. I; com. capt. Oct. 29, 1864 ; not mustered ; disch. Nov. 26, to date Oct. 13, 1864. Second Lieutenant. Robert K. Slagle, Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. I ; com. Ist lieut. Oct. 29, 1864; not mustered; disch. Jan. 13, 1865; veteran. Mrst Sergecmls. Milton J. Yeager, Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. May 16, 1865 ; com. 1st lieut. June 15, 1865 ; not mustered ; must, out with company June 29, 1865 ; veteran. Samuel F. Keller, Sept. 14, 1861; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Henry Bpley, Sept. 14, 1861 ; com , Ist lieut. May 10, 1866 ; not mustered ; diach. on surg. certif. May 16, 1865 ; veteran. David N. Thomas, Sept. 12, 1861; com. 2d lieut. June 16, 1865; not mustered ; must, out with company June 29, 1865 ; veteran. William K. Parker, Sept. 14, 1861 ; pro. from private Oct. 23, 1864; must. out with company June 29, 1866 ; veteran. George W. Schriver, Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Jan. 20, 1865 ; must. out with company June 29, 1866 ; veteran. James S. Grimes, Sept. 14, 1861 ; pro. from corp. May 16, 1866 ; must. out with company June 29, 1865 ; veteran. Theo. A. Gardner, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Edward T. Rudy, Oct. 1, 1861 ; captured June 23. 1864; died at Ander- Bonville, Ga., Oct. 10, 1864; grave 10,622. William Drabenstadt, Sept. 14, 1861 ; pro. from corp. June 1, 1864 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Sobieski Leib, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif, April 7, 1863. Robert D. Greer, Sejjt. 14, 1861 ; killed near Winchester, Va., June 15, 1863 William Walters, Sept. 14, 1861; died at Philadelphia, Pa., May 31, of wounds received at Wilderness, Va., May 7, 1864. Cai-porals. Aug: Winegardner, Sept. 14, 1661; pro. to corp. June 23, 1864; prisoner from June 23, 1864, to April 28, 1865; disch. June 16, 1865 ; veteran. Henry C. Shatzler, Sept. 14, 1861; pro. to corp. Oct. 23, 1864; prisoner from June 23, 1864, to May 2, 1866; disch. June 17, 1866; veteran. Jacob Harman, Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jau. 6, 1865; absent, with leave, at must, out; veteran. Thomas Malone, Sept. 14, 1861 ; pro. to corp, Jan. 20,1866; must, out with company June 29, 1865 ; veteran. John G. Motler, Sept. 12, 1861; pro. to Corp. March 21, 1866; must, out with company June 29, 1866; veteran. Frank M. Peters, Sept. 12,1861 ; pro. to corp. May 16, 1865; must, out with company June 29, 1866 ; veteran. Joseph M. Funk, Sept. 14, 1861 ; wounded May 6, 1864; absent at exp. of term. John A. Mathias,Sept. 14, 1861 ; diach. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Lucas Shurer, Sept. 14, 1861 ; wounded June 23, 1864 ; absent at exp. of term. William H. Zorger, Sept. 14, 1861; wounded Nov. 27,1863; absent at exp. of term. John A. Hiney, Sept. 14, 1861 ; absent, sick, at exp. of term. Samuel Madlam, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 12, 1862. John Smith, Sept. 14, 1861 ; diach. on surg. certif. March 28, 1863. John Lees, Oct. 31, 1861; priaoner from July 9, 1864, to Feb. 22, 1865; diach. April 27, 1865. John Snyder, Aug. 1, 1862 ; disch. by 6. 0. May 19, 1865. ' William Lefever, Jan. 3, 1862 ; disch. Jan, 3, 1865, at exp. of term. George Toomey, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 16, 1865; vet- eran. Daniel W. Keiter, Sept. 14, 1861 ; killed at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, lot 18; veteran. Musicians. William 0, Barringer, Sept, 14, 1861; disoli. Oct, 13, 1864, at exp, of term. John Walzec, Sept. 14, 1861 ; diach. on surg. certif. Sept. 29, 1861, Piivates. Atrogge, Bernard, Oct, 31, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out, Ayera, Edward T,, Sept, 14, 1861 ; muBt. out with company June 29, 1866 ; veteran. Arnold, John, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch, on surg, certif. May 2, 1863. Ball, Andrew M., June 4, 1864 ; drafted ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. Bare, Samuel, Sept. 14, 1861 ; must, out with company June 29,1865; veteran. Bartholomew, Charles, Jan. 17, 1865 ; muat, out with company June 29, 1865, Blouae', Daniel, Sept, 14, 1861 ; muat, out with company June 29, 1865 ; veteran, Boyd, Robert J., , 1863 ; drafted ; absent at muster out. Burns, Thomas, July 14, 1864; substitute; absent, sick, at muster out. Bluste, Adam, Sept, 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term, Bonsh, Montgomery, Sept. 14; 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 17, 1863. Byers, William R., Sept. 14, 1861; disch. on writ of Tiaheas corpuSf date unknown. Bankart, Epbraim, Jan. 3, 1862; disch, Jan 3,1866, at exp, of term, Burge, Robert, June 19, 1864 ; substitute ; disch, on surg, certif. May 16, 1866. Barnitz, Jonathan, Sept. 14,1861; died at New Creek, W.Va., Aug. 1, 1862. Bentley, John, Sept, 14, 1861 ; died Oct, 29, 1861, Callan, John, July 9, 1864 ; substitute ; captured Sept. 8, 1864. Connelly, William, July 7, 1864; substitute; captured Sept, 8, 1864. Cotton, William, July 7, 1864 ; substitute ; absent, sick, at muster out. Cook, Harris J,, July 2, 1864 ; substitute ; absent, sick, at muster out. Crone, Richard, ; absent, sick, at muster out. Corl, James B,, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Clone. John, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch, on surg, certif, Jan, 12, 1862. Crist, A.ddison, Sept, 14, 1861 ; diach, on surg. certif. April 9, 1863. Carrol, William, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif May 16, 1865; veteran. Coble, Moses, Sept. 14, 1861 ; died Dec. 4, 1862. Clarendon, David, July 29,1864; drafted; dropped from the rolls. Carter, Charles H., July 30, 1864; substitute; dropped from the rolls. Dorfort, John, July 3, 1864; substitute; must, out with company June 29, 1866. Drake, Christopher, June 25, 1864; drafted; disch. by G. 0. July 27, 1865. Drabenstadt, Frank, Sept. 14, 1861 ; captured June 23, 1864. Diehl, Lewis H,, Dec. 26, 1861 ; diach. Dec. 26, 1864, at exp. of term. Diehl, Eli, Sept. 14, 1861 ; died at Alexandria, Va., April 1, 1864; grave 1716. Epler, Bonneville C, Sept, 14, 1861; diach. Oct. 13, 1861, at exp. of term. Bicholtz, William, Sept. 14, 1861 ; diach. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Epler, Jacob D., Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. oertif. March, 1863. Evans, Wilson, June 4, 1864 ; drafted. Fellers, James A., Sept. 12, 1861; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran. Fisher, Silas, June 3, 1864 ; drafted ; must, out with company June 29, 1866. Foor, Jeremiah, June 3, 1864 ; drafted; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1866. Fccher, George, July 6, 1864 ; drafted ; trans, to Vet. Bes. Corps March 18, 1865. Falmer.Robert, July 29, 1864; substitute; dropped from the rolls. Griffith, William, Jan. 17, 1866 ; must, out with company June 29, 1865. Gauntz, Daniel, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. • Glazier, Frederick, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Gastrock, Levi, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch, Oct, 13, 1864 ; at exp. of term. Gallagher, John, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on anrg, certif, Jan, 26, 1864. Hanks, Benaon, June 3, 1864; drafted; muat, out with company June 29,1865. GENERAL HISTORY. 187 Hoover, William, June 29, 1864 ; substitute ; must, out \7ith company June 29, 1866. Houok, John A., Jan. 29, 1864; must, out with company June 29, 1865. Hummel, Joseph, Sept. 14, 1861 ; captured June 23, 1864 ; died at Ander- Ronvillo, Ga., March 2, 1865; grave 12,719; veteran. Hursh, Samuel, July 13, 1864 ; drafted ; absent, sick, at muster out. Hull, Matthias, Sept. 14, 1861; prisoner from June 23, 1864, to May 16, 1865; disch. July 19, 1865. Heiman, Michael, Sept. 14, 1861 ; prisoner from June 23, 1864, to May 2, 1866 ; disch. June 21, 1865. Hurley, John, Sept. 14, 1861 ; absent, .sick, at exp. of term. Hunter, John V., Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Herrold, John, Sept. 14. 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 7, 1863. Hann, Joseph C, June 3, 1864 ; drafted ; died Oct. 27. of wounds received at Winchester, Ta., Sept. 19, 1864. Hanig, Lewis, Sept. 14, 1861 ; died at Alexandria Sept. 14, 1864 ; grave 2671. Hann, George, July 28, 1864; substitute; dropped from the rolls. Hays, James, July 29, 1864; substitute; dropped from the rolls. Henderson, George, July 30, 1864 ; substitute ; dropped from the rolls. Hendereon, David, Aug. 1, 1864; substitute ; dropped from the rolls. Jones, Edward, June 1, 1864 ; drafted ; must, out with company June 29, 1866. Jones, William B., July 6, 1864; substitute; disch. by S. 0., date un- known. Johnson, Jacob, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 23, 1863. Kneller, Charles, July 25, 1864; substitute; must, out with company Jnue 29, 1865. Kinenian, Jacob, Jan. 12, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 23, 1865. Kendrick, James, Sept. 14, 1861; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Kipple, Cyrus W., Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Got. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Karstotler, Jacob, July 30, 1864; substitute; disch. Nov. 13, 1864, for wounds received in action. Logan, James, Sept. 12, 1861; must, out with company June 29, 1865; veteran. Lewis, Edward, July 14, 1861 ; substitute ; absent, sick, at muster out. Lonkart, Abraham, Jan. 21, 1865; must, out with company June 29, 1865. Lewis, Jacob, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Lenhart, Henry H., Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 17, 1863. Long, James A., Oct. 31, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Luckenbaugh, W., Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 16, 1865; veteran. Lucas, Thomas W., Feb. 22, 1864; substitute; disch. by G. 0. June 6, 1865. Moore, David, July 9, 1864 ; substitute ; must, out with company June 29, 1865. Morrison, James, July 14, 1864 ; substitute; absent, sick, at muster out. Miller, William, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Mansberger, Levi, Sept. 14, 1861 ; prisoner from Sept. 24, 1864, to March 8, 1866 ; disch. July 27, 1865. Milliken, Franklin, Sept. 14, Wei ; prisoner from Sept. 24, 1864, to Feb. 27, 1865; disch. April 11, 1865. Mattis, Silas, Sept. 14, 1861 ; absent, sick, at exp. of term. Myers, John, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Meisenhelter, W., Sept. 14, 1861; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Mummert, Andrew, Jan. 3, 1862; disch. Jan. 3, 1866, at exp. of term. Mort, Jefferson, June 28, 1864; drafted. Myers, Peter, July 12, 1864 ; substitute ; dropped from the rolls. McDonald, Bannell, June 3, 1864; drafted; must, out with company June 29, 1865. McElroy, Joseph, Sept. 12, 1861 ; must, out with company June 29, 1865 ; veteran. McCoy, Jacob, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. McClane, William, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 11, 1862. Mcllvain, Thomas J., Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 16, 1866 ; veteran. Nagle, David, July 6, 1864; substitute; must, out with company June 29, 1866. Newell, Oriel G., July 22, 1864; substitute; must, out with company June 29,1865. Nicholas, George, June 10, 1864 ; drafted ; must, out with company June 29, 1865. Nichols, Urias E., Sept. 14, 1861 ; wounded Aug. 16, 1864 ; absent at exp. of term. Noel, John A., Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 16, 1866 ; vet- eran. Nauss, Alexander, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Oren, James, Sept. 14, 1861 ; prisoner from June 23, 1864, to April 19, 1866 ; disch. June 9, 1865. Oxenrlder, John; June 3, 1864; substitute; disch. Feb. 6, 1866, for wounds received at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864, Payler, Samuel, June 3, 1864; drafted; must, out with company June 29. 1865. Peston, Jay E., July 26, 1864 ; substitute ; must, out with company June 29, 1866. Price, Thomas, Sept. J4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 3, 1863. Plain, John, July 30, 1864; substitute ; dropped from the rolls. Powers, John, July 21, 1864; substitute; dropped from the rolls. Powell, Ackinson, Sept. 14, 1861; missing in action near Winchester, Va., June 15, 1863. Quickel, Gideon, June 9, 1864; drafted; must, out with company June 29. 1866. Qulnn, Richard, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 16, 1866 j vet- eran. Reidhinger, Frederick, Oct. 31, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Richardson, James, Sept. 14, 1861; absent with leave at muster out; veteran. Roush, Adam, June 10, 1864; drafted; must, out with company June 29, 1866. Roush, Jacob, June 4, 1864 ; drafted ; must, out with company June 29, 1865. Roat, Abraham, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Rouch, George W., Sept. 14, 1861; captured June 23, 1864. Ramsey, William, Sept. 14, 1861 ; captured June 23, 1864 ; died at An- dcrsouville, Ga., Oct. 13, 1864 ; grave 10,863. Rupp, John K., Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Renninger, Adam, June 20, 1864; drafted ; disch. by G. 0. May 19, 1866. Richard, Henry H., June 3, 1864 ; substitute ; died at Winchester, Va., Nov. 4, 1864. Roozell, John, July 29, 1864 ; substitute; dropped from the rolls. Snow, Elisha, July 2, 1864; substitute; must, out with company June 29, 1866. Shrom, John C, Oct. 28, 1862; must, out with company June 29, 1865. Snyder, Augustus, July 28, 1864 ; drafted ; must, out with company June 29, 1866. Simmons, John 0., Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Spayd, William F., Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Smith, Bernard, Sept. 14, 1861; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Spangler, Levi, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 12, 1862. Smith, Thomas S., Sept. 14, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Jan 12, 1862. Sayers, Thomas, Jan. 3, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 3, 1865, at exp. of term. Schmuck, John, Feb. 19, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 3, 1865. Sheets, John, Sept. 14, 1861 ; died Jan. 17, 1863. Updegrove, Thomas, Sept, 14, 1861; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Voglesong, John, Sept, 14, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Veoman, Nathaniel, Aug. 1, 1864; substitute; killed at Fisher's Hill, Va., Sept. 22, 1864. Watson, William W., June 28, 1864; substitute; must, out with com- pany June 19, 1866. Weaver, William, June 3, 1864; drafted ; must, out with company June 29, 1865. Williams, Thomas, July 7, 1864 ; substitute ; absent, sick, at muster out. Woalden, Henry W,, July 3, 1864; substitute; absent, sick, at muster out. Welker, Henry C, Sept. 14, 1861 ; captured June 23, 1864 ; died at An- dereonville, Ga,, Jan, 20, 1866; grave 12,493, Wise, Augustus, Sept, 14, 1861 ; disch, Oct, 13, 1864, at exp. of term. Wilhelm, Henry, Sept, 14, 1861 ; wounded at Monocacy, Md,, July 9, 1864; absent at exp, of term, Wertz, Gottlieb, Sept, 14, 1861 ; disch, on surg, certif., date unknown. Williams, Andrew B., June 9, 1864; drafted; disch. by G. 0. June 3, 1865. Watts, Thomas, Sept. 14, 1861; died Aug. 23, 1863; buried in United States General Hospital Cemetery, Annapolis, Md. Webster, Thomas, July 6, 1864 ; substitute. Wilson, James, Jan, 6, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. York, Francis M., June 28, 1864 ; substitute ; absent, sick, at muster out. Zartman, Samuel, Sept. 14, 1861: captured June 23, 1864. Zorger, George, Sept. 14, 1861 ; captured June 23, 1864. • Zorger, Peter F., Sept. 14, 1861 : prisoner from Sept. 24, 1864, to Feb. 28, 1865 ; disch. April 27, 1866. Zook, David, Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec, 23, 1862, Zorger, Isaac TJ,, Oct. 31, 1861; disch. Nov. 13, 1864, at exp. of term. 188 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. NINETY-SECOND REGIMENT (NINTH CAVALRY). The Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Ninety-second of the line, at first known as the Lochiel Cavalry, was organized on the 29th of August, 1861, in compliance with an order of the Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, with Edward C. Williams, of Harrisburg, as colonel, Thomas C. James, of Philadelphia, as lieu- teuant-colonel, and Thomas J. Jordaq, of Harrisburg, as major. Under this authority the officers above named appointed the necessary line-officers, and di- rected them to proceed at once to recruit men for their respective companies. The place of rendezvous was at Camp Cameron, near Harrisburg. The regi- ment was composed of twelve companies, principally raised in the counties of Dauphin, Luzerne, Lan- caster, Huntingdon, Perry, Cumberland, Mifflin, Blair, Wayne, Chester, Lehigh, Susquehanna, and in the city and county of Philadelphia. The field and many of the line-officers and privates had served for the short term in 1861, and Col. Williams had served in the militia as early as 1832 ; had served with Gen. Scott in Mexiqo from the capture of Vera Cruz to the first surrender of the capital, receiving a wound at the storming of Chapultepec, and had commanded, with the rank of brigadier-general, the brigade known as the Scott Legion of Philadelphia in the three months' service. By the 1st of October the companies were full, and the men, by drill and discipline, fitted for the field. On the 20th of November, by order of the Secretary of War, the regiment moved by rail to Pittsburgh, and thence by boat to Louisville, Ky., where upon its arrival it was reported to Gen. Buell, in command of the Department of the Cumberland, and placed in camp at Jefiersonville, Ind., opposite to Louisville. Mounted drill was at once commenced, a school for officers established, and by the 10th of January, 1862, by constant hard work and strict discipline, the regi- ment had acquired such proficiency that it was ordered to the front, the enemy occupying the line of Green Elver. On the advance of Gens. Buell and Mitchell, in the early part of February, upon Gen. A. Sidney Johnston's position at Bowling Green, in compliance with an urgent request made by citizens and the Legislature of Kentucky, the regiment was ordered to remain for the protection of the State, and was posted, the First Battalion, under command of Col. Williams, at Grayson Springs, the Second, under Lieut.-Col. James, at Calhoun, in Western Kentucky, and the Third, under Maj. Jordan, at Bacon Creek, on the line of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. On the 5th of March the regiment was ordered into Tennessee, the First Battalion to Springfield, the Second to Clarksville, and the Third to Nashville. Soon after reaching Nashville the Third Battalion was moved to Gallatin, and on the 4th of May it first met the enemy under Morgan at Lebanon, where, with the Seventh Pennsylvania and the Third Ken- tucky Cavalry, it most signally defeated that daring partisan, capturing two hundred and ninety-three of his men, with Lieut.-Col. Wood, Morgan's second in command, Morgan himself narrowly escaping cap- ture by the fleetness of his celebrated steed to the Cumberland Eiver, which he swam, leaving the animal a prize to the regiment. On the 14th of May the Third Battalion marched from Lebanon to Liv- ingston, in Overton County, after Morgan, who was again in the field, and at Spring Creek came upon his rear-guard, where after a spirited action the guard was captured, with the quartermaster of Morgan's brigade. Pushing on after Morgan, who declined fighting, he was forced to the Cumberland Mountains at Sparta, where his command scattered upon the various roads leading to Chattanooga. On the 3d of June the Third Battalion marched from Lebanon, Tenn., to Tompkinsville, Ky., and on the 6th, Capt. Hugh McCullough was warmly engaged at Moore's Hill, defeating Col. Hamilton, who had a largely su- perior force, with a loss of the leader, Capt. McCul- lough, and four men killed and ten badly wounded. Capt. McCullough, a brave and competent officer, was shot through the stomach while leading his men to the charge. On the 9th of July, 1862, Morgan, with a force of over two thousand men, advanced against Tompkinsville. To meet this force Maj. Jordan, who was in command of the post, had but two hundred and thirty, and after maintaining an unequal contest for two hours, finding himself being surrounded, he retired to Burksville, Ky. In this en- gagement fifty- seven of the enemy were killed and one hundred and forty wounded, while the loss in the battalion was only ten killed, fourteen wounded, and nineteen taken prisoners. Among the latter was Maj. Jordan, who had his horse killed in the action, iiieut. Aaron Sullivan was among the killed. In the mean time the First Battalion remained at Springfield, and the Second at Clarksville. Finding that the enemy was penetrating Kentucky in large force, the regiment was again united under Col. Wil- liams, at Lebanon, Ky., early in August, and was employed in keeping the State clear of Morgan and his bands and in watching the advance of Kirby Smith. After the disastrous battle of Eichmond, Ky., on the 30th, in connection with the Ninth Ken- tucky Cavalry, it covered the retreat of Gen. Nelson to Louisville, fighting daily the enemy's advance under Jenkins and Col. Scott, of the First Louisiana Cavalry, who displayed great activity, attacking at every favorable point. At Shelbyville it had a sharp encounter, defeating Jenkins, killing twenty-seven of his men and capturing forty-four. After reaching Louisville it was employed in guarding the roads in the direction of Tennessee, on which Gen. Buell was marching for the relief of Kentucky. Upon Gen. Buell's arrival, in conjunction with the Second Mich- igan, it took the advance to Perryville, and by its boldness in pushing the enemy's rear brought on the sanguinary battle fought there, sustaining the fire of GENERAL HISTORY. 189 his infantry until relieved by McCook's corps. It then formed on the right of the line, and by its stead- iness foiled every attempt of the enemy's cavalry to turn its flank. In this action it had ten killed and twenty-seven wounded. In general orders issued after the action Gen. Buell says, " The Ninth Penn- sylvania Cavalry behaved most bravely, being at one time compelled to stand for three-quarters of an hour under the concentrated fire of three batteries of the enemy's artillery, and only retiring when ordered to do so." By hard service the regiment had by this time be- come much weakened, and about one-half of the men were dismounted. It was accordingly ordered to Louisville for fresh horses and equipments. After receiving these, in company with the Second Michi- gan, it marched to Nicholasville to prepare for a raid into East Tennessee upon the railroads communi- cating with the rebel capital, by which succor should be prevented from reaching Gen. Bragg before the advance of Rosecrans to Stone River. On the 22d of December the expedition, under command of Gen. Carter, left Nicholasville, and on reaching Big Hill all the commissary stores and one hundred rounds of ammunition per man were distributed, roads and civ- ilization were left behind, and the command took to the deer-paths of Pine, Cumberland, and Clinch Mountains. To one unacquainted with the way it is difficult to form any adequate conception of the hard- ships which the troops encountered on this march. These mountains, cheerless and dark, and savage as when Boone first saw them, are at this point one hun- dred miles wide, and can only be crossed by following the paths worn by the deer and the Indian ages be- fore. Over these paths, in single file, marched the regiments, traveling day and night, swimming the Cumberland and Clinch Elvers, and fording the nu- merous creeks on the route, until the 1st of January, 1863, when it reached the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad at the bridge spanning the Watauga. This was defended by a company of about one hundred strong from the command of Gen. Humphrey Mar- shall, well intrenched. As time was all important, the cavalry was dismounted, the place carried by as- sault, and the bridge, a structure of two long spans, was burned. As it was deemed unwise to cumber the column with prisoners, the captured party was at once paroled, and the command moved down the railroad ten or twelve miles to the point where it crosses the Holston River. The bridge here was defended by a force of two hundred and fifty men, having stockades and intrenchments skillfully con- structed for its defense. Without delay these were stormed, and the entire rebel force taken prisoners. In this action the Ninth lo.st six killed and twenty- five wounded. Among the latter was Sergt. Ellis T. Hamersly, who was shot through the thigh, the mis- sile inflicting a painful and dangerous wound. All the badly wounded were left with the paroled enemy, the command being without ambulances, with the excep- tion of Sergt. Hamersly, who resolutely refused to re- main, and succeeded in keeping his horse and moving with the column until it reached Kentucky. After leaving the Holston bridge, and destroying a trestle- work of nearly a mile across a swamp, the command faced for Kentucky, and by skillful strategy, joined with signal enterprise and rapidity of movement, succeeded in eluding the enemy, eight thousand strong, under Marshall, and recrossed the Cumber- land Mountains, returning by the same paths by which it advanced. The success of this raid, in the face of a greatly superior force of the enemy, was the cause of so much chagrin to the rebel chieftains, that Marshall, the commander, was relieved and never afterwards restored to his command. The regiment reached Nicholasville from this raid on the night of the 13th of January, with two-thirds of its men dismounted, the animals for more than one hundred miles while crossing the mountains being without food. In the mean time. Col. Williams, for some cause of difficulty involving a question of rank, had resigned, and Lieut.-Col. James on the 13th of January died. Maj. Jordan was accordingly pro- ■ moted to colonel. After a few days' rest, the regiment marched to Louisville, where it was remounted, and thence by rail to Nashville. On the 8th of February, two days after its arrival, it proceeded, by order of Gen. Rosecrans, to Franklin, where, after a sharp skirmish. Gen. Forrest's brigade of the enemy was driven from the town. Col. Jordan's command here formed the right wing of the Army of the Cumber- land, which was now confronting the enemy at Lib- erty on the left, Shelbyville and Tullahoma in the centre, and Triune and Franklin on its extreme right. At Spring Hill, fourteen miles in front of Franklin, was the extreme of the left wing of the enemy, com- manded by Gen. Van Dorn, Wheeler and Forrest com- manding divisions under him, with a force of twelve thousand cavalry. The advance brigade of this force was at Thompson's Station, nine miles out on the Columbia pike, the Eighth Mississippi doing picket duty three miles nearer Franklin, and the Fourth Mississippi performing the same duty five miles to the right, on the Carter's Creek pike. For eighteen days the Ninth, aided by three hundred men from the Second Michigan Cavalry, without other support, confronted this strong rebel force, and daily, to de- ceive the enemy, made strong attacks upon his ad- vance positions. This bold «trategy was entirely suc- cessful, ahd the weakness of the post was not dis- covered by Van Dorn until the morning of the 4th of March, when he advanced in force to storm the place ; but a division of infantry, under Col. John Coburn, of Indiana, having reached Franklin during the night of the 3d, the whole command marched out on the morning of the 4th, and four miles from Franklin met the enemy. After a hotly-contested engagement, which lasted from nine in the morning 190 HISTOEY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. until three in the afternoon, the enemy was finally driven back to his position at Thompson's Station. In this action the regiment suffered severely, having twelve killed and fifty-one wounded. On the follow- ing morning. Col. Coburn, who had assumed com- mand, determined to pursue and drive the enemy from the station, his chosen ground. Immediately after daylight. Col. Jordan was ordered to advance with his regiment and drive the enemy into position. As Jordan moved out skirmishing opened, and every moment became heavier. At the hills in front of the station the enemy made a determined stand, but the First Battalion, under Lieut.-Col. Savage, and the Second, under Maj. Detweiler, by a most gallant charge, drove him from his position and held the ground until the infantry had formed and advanced to their relief. This action proved disastrous to the Union arms, and Col. Coburn, with three thousand eight hundred infantry, was captured. Col. Jordan, with the cavalry, fought his way back to Franklin, bringing off two hundred and twenty prisoners, to- gether with the entire artillery and baggage-train of the army and all the wounded that the ambulances could bear. For the heroic part borne by the regi- ment in this action it was mentioned honorably in special orders by Gen. Rosecrans. In the campaign against Bragg in Tennessee, which culminated in the battle of Chickamauga, the regi- ment took part, and with the First Brigade, First Di- vision of the cavalry, under Gen. Stanley, led the advance of our army. In the initial movements it fought in the battles of Rover, Middletown, and Shelbyville, and at the latter place charged the left flank of the enemy, while the Seventh Pennsyl- vania Cavalry charged the centre, and in a most stub- born hand-to-hand encounter succeeded in capturing nearly a thousand prisoners, with the enemy's battery, breaking up entirely his cavalry organization, and driving the i'ew who escaped as mere fugitives upon the main force at Tullahoma. Among the killed was Capt. Gilbert Waters. It also participated in the action at Elk River, and by passing the stream above the right flank of the enemy and boldly attacking him, forced him from his position at the fords in front of Gen. Turchin, enabling his command to pass the river and follow the retreating columns. At Cowan, a few days later, near the foot of the Cumberland Mountains, the regiment captured two hundred of the rear-guard of Bragg as he was passing. A few days previous to the battle of Chickamauga it pene- trated to a point near Laiuyette, Ga., and captured by a gallant charge a part of the advance guard of Gen. Longstreet, then marching from the army of Lee in Virginia to reinforce Bragg, and was thus enabled to give Rosecrans the first positive informa- tion of Longstreet's presence. At Chickamauga the regiment held the right of our line, and after the defeat of McCook's corps closed on thd right of Gen. Thomas, and defended his flank during the remain- der of the battle. For its conduct in this desperate encounter it received from Gen. Thomas a compli- mentary notice, and Col. Jordan was commended for his gallantry in the most flattering terms. During the winter of 1863 and spring of 1864 it was in East Tennessee, and fought in the battles of Dandridge, New Market, Mossy Creek, and Fair Gar- den, capturing at the latter place the artillery of the enemy. The regiment having re-enlisted was given a furlough of thirty days, and returned to Pennsyl- vania early in April. By the latter part of May it was again in the field at Louisville, having recruited its thinned ranks in the mean time to twelve hundred men. While at Louisville receiving arms and horses. Gen, John H. Morgan made his last raid into Ken- tucky, and was pushing for Frankfort, at which place he designed crossing the Kentucky River, and then by overpowering the detachments scattered along the Louisville and Nashville Railroad as guard, breaking up the track and burning the bridges, cut off Sherman, who was then far on his march to At- lanta, from his base of supplies, and compel him to fall back .to Chattanooga. Col. Jordan at once vol- unteered to defend Frankfort, and seizing all the horses necessary to mount his command, and arming his men with common muskets, he marched by night to the capital, fifty-four miles, and successfully held the place, compelling Morgan to abandon his well- laid scheme, and fall back towards Pound Gap, near which place he was badly defeated by General Bur- bridge, who had a division of cavalry in his rear. The regiment soon after marched to Nashville, and thence to Chattanooga, arriving on the 2d of Septem- ber. Here it was ascertained that the rebel Gen. Wheeler was crossing the mountains into Middle Tennessee, with all his cavalry. By order of Gen.. J. B. Steedman, then in command at Chattanooga, the regiment at once started in pursuit, crossing the mountains direct to McMinnville, thence to Mur- freesborough, where it arrived on the 5th. On the morning of the 6th it marched out twelve miles on the Woodbury and McMinnville Road to Readyville, where it attacked and utterly defeated Gen. Dibber- ell's brigade of Wheeler's command, taking two hun- dred and ninety-four prisoners, a large proportion of whom were wounded with sabre cuts. The charge in this action was led by Maj. D. H. Kimmel, in a most gallant manner. The next day by order received by telegraph from Gen. Thomas, Col. Jordan was placed in command of all the cavalry in Tennessee, and di- rected to pursue the retreating enemy. He marched the same afternoon, and at Woodbury, just at dusk, met and defeated a part of the rebel Gen. Williams'^ division, under Col. Anderson. On the following morning he continued the pursuit to McMinnville, and the day following to Sparta, Gen. Williams con- stantly avoiding an action, though he had more than double the force under Col. Jordan. At Sparta the enemy took to the mountains and passed into East GENEKAL HISTORY. 191 Tennessee. For his conduct in refusing to fight, Gen. Williams was placed under arrest by Gen. Wheeler, from which he was not released until the end of the war. In acknowledgment of the good conduct of Col. Jordan and the troops under his command, of which the Ninth Pennsylvania constituted two-thirds, com- plimentary orders were issued by Gen. Van Cleve, at Murfreesborough, Gen. Milroy, at Tullahoma, and Gen. Steedman, at Chattanooga. The regiment then marched to join Gen. Sherman at Marietta, Ga., and on the 14th of November started on its march with that great chieftain to the sea. Previous to moving it was assigned to the First Bri- gade, Third Division of Cavalry, the whole under " command of Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, and was as- signed to the right wing of the army under Gen. Howard, leading his advance to Macon and Milledge- ville. On the 16th, the first day out from Atlanta, it encountered Gen. Wheeler, who with his cavalry occupied the old works of the enemy at Lovejoy Sta- tion, on the Macon Eailroad. The position was a formidable one, having been well intrenched by Gen. Hood. As the brigade moved to the attack the enemy opened a galling fire from four guns, but after a short and sharp encounter, by a most gallant charge, the regiment gained a lodgment in the works, driving the enemy from his guns and capturing them with more than three hundred prisoners. The guns were at once manned by the regiment, and were retained by it until the end of the war. They were the same guns that had been surrendered to the superior forces of the enemy near Macon by Gen. Stoneman some months previous. Early in December, while marching on Macon, it skirmished heavily with the enemy, and with the brigade pushed the cavalry of Wheeler within the defenses of the city. On the day following, in con- junction with Walcott's brigade of Wood's division. Fifteenth Corps, it fought in the battle of Bear Creek or Griswoldville, defeating Wheeler, but not without severe loss, having ninety-five men killed and wounded. Moving through Milledgeville to the left flank of our army, it demonstrated in the direction of Augusta, and after crossing the Ogeechee at the falls turned southeast towards Millen, one of the prison-pens for Union soldiers. When within one day's march of Waynesborough, Wheeler made a sudden night attack, but was defeated, though he followed up the com- mand closely to Waynesborough, where he again made a fruitless night attack. On the day following, it hav- ing been discovered that the Union prisoners had been removed from Millen, and the necessity for pro- ceeding farther in this direction obviated, the com- mand turned toward Louisville, Ga., to form a junc- tion with Gen. Baird's division of infantry, which would cross the Ogeechee at that point. During the day Wheeler followed closely, and at Buckhead Creek made a heavy attack upon the Ninth, which was in the rear, in the hope of cutting it off from the rest of the column already across the stream. By a bold charge the enemy was beaten off, and the regiment was enabled to join the remainder of the command, now in line of battle and awaiting attack. It had scarcely gained its position when the enemy ad- vanced, but was met with such a galling fire that he was compelled to draw off, and the brigade marched on unmolested to Louisville. In all these engage- ments Wheeler's cavalry outnumbered that opposed to him. Two days later, the infantry having come up, it again moved on Waynesborough. Gen. Dibberel's di- vision of Wheeler's cavalry was found in line of battle at Buckhead Church and defeated. Pushing forward from its camp at Waynesborough, where it remained one day, the command on the following morning again attacked Wheeler, who had barricaded himself within cannon-shot of our front. The Ninth Pennsylvania had the centre, while the Ninth Ohio was on the right and the Fifth Ohio on the left, with the Third and Fifth Kentuclsy and Eighth Indiana in reserve. In this order the command moved over a beautifully undulating plain, and in twenty minutes the barri- cades were stormed and Wheeler was in full retreat. At Waynesborough he again made a stand, and after a severe action he was driven from the town, and re- treated across Brier Creek, on the road leading to Augusta. On the same day the command faced to- wards Savannah, where it arrived with the whole army on the 21st of December. After a month's delay the regiment again took the field, and entering South Carolina at Sister's Ferry marched through Robertsville and Barnwell to Blaok- ville, on the Charleston and Augusta Railroad, where it encountered and defeated a portion of Wheeler's command, and following the railroad towards Au- gusta, two days later, developed the strength and position of the enemy at Polecat Ponds, near Aiken, where he had been reinforced by Hampton's division. On the day following Wheeler and Hampton attacked with their whole force, but were signally defeated. Without pausing, the brigade moved towards Colum- bia, the capital of the State, and after taking Lex- ington and capturing a portion of Wheeler's rear- guard, moved in the direction of Charlotte, N. C, as far as Black Stake's Station, on the Columbia and Charlotte Railroad, where it met and defeated a force of the enemy. Crossing the Catawba at Rocky Mount, and marching thence by Lancaster and Ches- terfield Court-House, it entered North Carolina, cross- ing the Great Pedee River near the southern line of ■ the State, land occupied Rockingham. On the morning of the 11th of March the command reached Fayette- ville, the enemy retiring, skirmishing slightly. After a few days of rest it moved towards Goldsborough, and on the 16th, at Averyborough, was engaged in a most determined action, lasting from six in the morning until two in the afternoon, against a division of the rebel army led by McLaws, which resulted in the 192 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. capture of a large number of prisoners, with Gen. Ehett of the First Brigade South Carolina Heavy Artillery. In this action Capt. E. A. Hancock of the Ninth lost a leg, and Capt. John Boal was killed, and in the brigade every twelfth man was killed or wounded. The infantry coming up took up the fighting and carried the rebel breastworks, capturing the artillery and a large number of prisoners. In February Col. Jordan was promoted to brigadier- general, the command of the regiment still resting with Lieut.-Col. Kimmel, who had been promoted to that rank in September previous. On the 17th the command marched toward Benton- ville, on the left flank of the Twentieth Corps, and with it participated in the battle which ensued on the 19th, the cavalry assisting materially in securing a triumph on that hotly-contested field. After refitting and resting near Goldsborough, the cavalry on the 9th of April again took the field, and while the infantry moved directly on Johnston's position at Smithfield, it moved by a more circuitous route by the old battle- field of Bentonville, to reach the rear of the enemy and capture Raleigh. To accomplish this purpose required constant marching day and night. On the morning of the second day the cavalry struck the head of the enemy's retreating columns, and after a fierce and sanguinary conflict compelled the enemy to march by the flank, between Raleigh and Neuce River, towards Hillsborough. In this action Asst.- Surg. James Moore was wounded in the left lung while gallantly assisting by his presence in urging on the men. On the morning of the 13th the First Brigade, under Gen. Jordan, entered Raleigh, the city having been surrendered promptly by the civil authorities on his approach. Passing through the city the enemy under Wheeler and Hampton was found in position on the Hillsborough road, and was immediately attacked. In the engagement which ensued the Ninth bore the brunt of the action. The enemy fell back, hotly pursued by the cavalry for ten miles, to Morrisville, where he again made a stand. The line was quickly formed, the charge sounded, and the position carried, the enemy retreating in the wildest confusion over the plain, broken into fragments by the plunging fire of the artillery from the heights overlooking the valley. The columns being again formed, started in pursuit, when a flag of truce was discovered approaching. It was received by the Ninth, under which was deliv- ered the letter of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, directed to Gen. Sherman, asking for a meeting to determine the terms of surrender of the army under his com- mand. This was the last fighting done, and the last guns fired in Sherman's command were from the battery of the Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry. From Morrisville the command marched to Durham, and the escort to Gen. Sherman when he proceeded to the Burnett House to meet Gen. Johnston, and again upon the occasion of agreeing to the terms of sur- render, was furnished by this regiment, Maj. John M. Porter being in command. After the surrender the command moved through Greenville to Lexington, where it remained until the 18th of July, when it was mustered out of service. Returning to Harris- burg, it was finally disbanded, and the war-worn vet- erans retired to their homes and the peaceful avoca- tions of life. EOIL or COMPANY B, KINTH CAVALKT (THEEB YEARS' SBEVICE). Recruited in Dauphin Cowniy. Capiaine. Edward G. Savage, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to maj. March 19, 1863. Elisha A. Hancock, Oct. 29, 1861; pro. from Ist lieut. Co. H May 23, 1863; com. maj. Jan. 11,1865; not muatered; wounded at Avei-ys- borough, N. C, March 16, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. First Lieutenants. Lewis A. Gratz, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to maj. 6th Kegt. Ky. Cav. Aag. 10, 1862. Bomeo E. Bacon, Aug. 1, 1862 ; res. Feb. 11, 1863. John O'Grady, Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. K May 23, 1863; res. Sept. 1, 1863. William H. Baugher, Oct. 26, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. Co. I to 2d lieut Co. B May 31, 1863; to Ist lieut. May 30, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Second lAeulenante. J. Frank Miller, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Co. C Aug. 4, 1862. 0. B. MacKnight, Oct. 19, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. Co. F Aug. 7, 1862; to 1st lieut. Co. M May 22, 1863. George W. Leamy, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. from private Co. B May 30, 1864; disoh. by S. 0. June 2, 1865 ; veteran. Mrst Sergeants. Cyrus S. Spangler, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. Aug. 31, 1864; must, out with compauy July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Thomas D. Griffith, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. A May 22,1863. Quartermaster-Sergeants. Frederick Pick, Oct. 31, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Sept. 1, 1862; to q.m..«ergt. Jan. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Henry Deitrich, Oct. 7, 1861; pro. from private Oct. 10, 1861; not on muster-out roll. Sergeants. Komanus Behney, Oct. 7, 1861; pro. from corp. Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Samuel S. Harper, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. from private Jan. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Sylvester Erb, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Jan . 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. George Shultz, Oct. 7, 1861; pro. from private Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Thomas E. Deitrich, Oct. 7, 1861; pro. from corp. Aug. 31, 1864; must. out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. Jacob F. Bassler, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Sept. 1, 1862; to 2d lieut. Co. I May 22, 1863. William Keiser, Oct. 7, 1861 ;, pro. from musician, date unknown ; to 2d lieut. Co. G Aug. 23, 1864; veteran. Eichard F. Martz, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to regt. com.-sergt. May 20, 1865; veteran. Corporala, James Witman, Oct. 7, 1861; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. John L. Matter, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Henry N. McCurtin, Nov. 16, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Emanuel Klinger, Oct. 31, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran Willian, Kreiger, Oct, 7, 1861 ; pro. to corp. .Tan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. GENERAL HISTORY. 193 ■William Thomas, Oct. 7, 1881 ; pro. to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Louis Gondy, Oct, 7, 1S61 ; pro. to corp. Feb. 16, 1866 ; must, out with company July 18, 1 865 ; veteran. Elias B. Tobias, Oct. 7, 1861; pro. to Corp. March 1, 1866; must, out with company July 1, 1865; veteran. Aaron Bressler, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 9, 1862. Andrew M. Clark, June 1, 1863 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. M Aug. 23, 1864. Henry H. Hoffman, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 28, 1862. John Kerstetter, Oct. 7, 1861 ; died at Cleveland, Tenn., April 7, 1864. William H. Weist, Oct. 31, 1861; killed at Solemn Grove, N. C, March 10, 1866 ; veteran. Buglers. Henry Feindt, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. from private Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Daniel Hoober, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. from private Jan. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Saddlers. Elias Dilfleld, Feb. 22, 1864; pro. to saddler Feb. 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Henry Messner, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to regt. saddler Jan. 13, 1865 ; veteran. Isaac Messner, Oct. 7, 1861 ; drowned in Ohio River Nov. 29, 1861. Farrier. Jacob L. Weaver, Oct. 7, 1861; pro. to farrier Jan. 1,1864; must, out with company July 18, lg65 ; veteran. Jacob Zarber, Oct. 7, 1861; pro. to blacksmith March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Privates. Allison, George W., April 11, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Allison, James W., Feb. 17, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Armstrong, George, Jan. 25, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Burkle, George, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Bitterman, William, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Bailey, Edward, Feb. 18, 1864; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Bailey, William, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 26, 1864, to date exp. of term. Bricker, John, Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Bellow, Frederick, Aug. 27, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Boner, Michael, Aug. 18, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Bailey, George E., Feb. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866. Blesson, Patrick, Oct. 4, 1864; prisoner from Nov. 21, 1864, to April 28, 1866; disch. by G. 0. June 1, to date May 18, 1866. Bassler, Albert H., Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 6, 1862. Botts, Moses, Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, date unknown. Brubaker, John, Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, date unknown. Bitterman, David, Oct. 7, 1861 ; died at Litchfield, Ky., March, 1862. Bitterman, Thomas H., Jan. 25, 1864; killed near Kaleigh, N. C, April 13, 1865. Botle, Adam, Oct. 7, 1861. Colyer, John, Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Cash, Franklin, Oct. 6, 1864; wounded at Averysborough, N. C, March 16, 1866 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 17, 1865. Duncan, Alfred, Feb. 29, 1864 ; absent, on furlough, at muster out. Dechant, Theodore C, Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, date unknown. Bvitts, Aaron, April 11, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Farber, George, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Toy, Thomas, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 26, 1864, at exp. of tei-m. Feidt, Daniel S., Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, date unknown. Feindt, Francis, Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, date unknown. Fetterholf, Samuel, Oct. 7, 1861; trans, to Co. K, date unknown. Folk, Josiah, Oct. 7, 1861; died at Cleveland, Tenn., April 26, 1864. Grimes, Thomas, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Green, Charles H., Jan. 25, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Gautz,' Noah, Feb. 17, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Gratzer, Benjamin, May 29, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Goe, John J., May 3, 1864 ; never joined company. 13 Grimm, Henry E., Sept. 22, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Goudy, Samuel, Dec. 31, 1861 ; killed near Baleigh, N. C, April 13, 1866 ; veteran. Ganther, Barnabas, Oct. 7, 1861 ; died at Bridgeport, Ala., Oct. 18, 1863. Geiger, George, disch., date unknown. Hicks, Thomas, Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Hoehm, John, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet- eran. Hess, John W., Oct. 7, 1861; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. Henn, William, June 9, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Henninger, Ephraim, June 9, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. July 16, 1865. Heiney, Elias, Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Hoffman, John H., Feb. 19, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Hoffman, Pliilip, Feb. 16, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Hoffman, Jonathan E., Aug. 24, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Hinkle, George, Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Hoke, Hiram G., Sept. 23, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Hoober, George, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 5, 1862. Hartman, John G., Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, date unknown. Hoke, Jonathan, Oct. 7, 1861 ; died at Jefferson ville, Ind., June 2, 1862. Harman, Philip, Oct. 7, 1861 ; died at Stevenson, Ala., Sept. 17, 1863. Harris, Henry, Nov. 21, 1861. Henry, Jacob, Oct. 7, 1861. Holmes, John C, Oct. 7, 1861. Heine, John, Oct. 7, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Junk, William A., Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, date unknown. Kreiger, Reuben, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. King, James, Aug. 24, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. KliDger, Jonas, Feb. 16, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Kuntzelman, Amos, Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Keeper, Henry, Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date unknown. Lengle, Henry, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet- eran. Lehman, Nathaniel, Feb. 22,1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Lebo, Philip L., Sept. 23, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Lehman, Joseph, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 29, 1864, to accept commission of 1st lieut. Miller, John N., Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Martz, Edward, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 2, 1866 ; veteran. Matter, John, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; vet- eran. Matter, Michael, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Martz, Cornelius C, May 27, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Morgan, George, June 9, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 26, 1866. Maurer, Henry, Jan. 26, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Miller, Benjamin, Feb. 19, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Miller, David, Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Machamer, Israel, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Muckler, John, Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Messner, William, Aug. 18, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Marks, Cyrus S., Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to sergt.-maj. July 1, 1864. Messner, Philip, Oct. 7, 1861; killed accidentally Aug. 31, 1862; buried in National Cem., Lexington, Ky., circle 8, grave 84. Metzger, Frederick, Oct. 7, 1861 ; killed accidentally June 1 , 1862. McClain, William P., Feb. 21, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. McCouley, George W., Feb. 26, 1864 ; died at Newbeme, N. C, April 19, 1866 ; buried in National Cemetery, lot 7, grave 136. McCoy, Jeremiah, Feb. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. McCurtJn, John, Oct. 7, 1861. Pell, Henry, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 6, 1862. Russell, Joseph, Oct. 7, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Rhoads, William H., June 2, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Rumberger, Simon, Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Eickert, Samuel, Feb. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Ressler, Andrew, Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Ressler, Henry, Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Roehm, WilUam, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 12, 1862. 194 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. KobinBOD, Andrew, Oct. 7, 1861 ; killed near Louisville, Ky., by guerril laB Aug. 4, 1864 ; veteran. ^ Eeed, William, Aug. 10, 1862 ; trans, to Co. L, date unknown. Ralston, John C, Sept. 8, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Snooks, Martin, Oct. 31, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Snyder, Joshua, Oct. 31, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Smith, Emanuel, Oct. 7, 1861; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Smith, Abraham, Feb. 16, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Snyder, John, Feb..l6, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Still wagen, Ed. B., June 2, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Stillwagen, William, June 2, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Steever, John W., Feb. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Shultzbach, Jeremiah, Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Scott, John, May 5, 1864 ; trans, to Co. L, date unknown. Stoneroad, Emanuel, Aug. 24, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Sohroyer, Jacob, Aug. 17, 1864 ; disch. by 6. 0. May 29, 1865. Snyder, Israel, Feb. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 22, to date May 15, 1865. Shreffler, George, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 21, 1862. Shearer, Joseph, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 18, 1861. Samuel, George, Oct. 7, 1861 ; d'isch. on surg. certif. Dec. 18, 1862. Spotts, Isaac, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 21, 1862. Sweitzer, Philip, Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, date unknown. Stroup, Joseph, Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, date unk-nown. Shreffler, Benjamin, Oct. 7, 1861 ; died at Knoxville, Tenn., Jan. 18, 1864. Tallman, John, Aug. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Updegrove, Daniel, Aug. 16, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865. Umberger, Azariah, Aug. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Updegrove, Solomon, Feb. 16, 1864; killed at Waynesborough, Ga., Dec. 4, 1864. Weaver, John, Nov. 16, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18,1865; veteran . Witmer, Peter, Oct. 31,1862; captured April 8, 1866; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Walborn, Daniel, Feb. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Witmer, Isaac, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Wolf, Elias, Oct, 7, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. White, Charles, Aug. 18, 1864; captured at Rockingham, N. C, March 7, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. Wachtle, George, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 18, 1861. Weist, James M., Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 9, 1862. Ward, Michael, Oct. 7, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. April 7, 1864. Weaver, Henry, Nov. 11, 1861 ; died at Jefferson, Ind., June 2, 1862. Zirgar, Emanuel, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Zeigler, Benjamin, Oct. 30, l"861 ; trans, to Co. L, date unknown. EOLL OF COMPANY C, NINTH CAVALRY (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). Becruited at Harrisburg, William H. Harris, Oct. 22, 1861 ; res. Aug. 7, 1862. John M. Porter, Nov. 22, 1861 ; pro. from adjt. to 1st lieut ; to capt. Jan. 28, 1863 ; to maj. Dec. 17, 1864. Nathan W. Horton, Oct. 28, 1861 ; pro. from sergt.-maj. to 2d lieut. May 22, 1863 ; to 1st lieut. June 20, 1863 ; to capt. May 20, 1865 ; captured at Raleigh, N. C, April 12, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. First Lieutenants. George Fisher, Oct. 11, 1861 ; res. May 22, 1862. J. Frank Miller, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. B Aug. 4, 1862 ; to capt. Co. K May 22, 1863. Lawrence A. Crinnian, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. Co. E to 2d lieut. June 20, 1863; to 1st lieut. May 20, 1866; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Second Lieutenants, William K. Campbell, Oct. 22, 1861 ; res. Aug. 7, 1862. Charles Coglizer, Nov. 14, 1861 ; pro. from sergt.-maj. Aug. 8, 1862 ; res. Feb. 6, 1863. George A. Shuman, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. from private to sergt. Oct. 12 1861 ; to 1st sergt. ; to 2d lieut. Feb. 6, 1863 ; to 1st lieut. Co. H May 22 1863. George W. Sipe, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Oct. 12, 1861 ; to sergt. ; to 1st sergt.; to 2d lieut. May 20, 1866 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. First Sergeants. James H. Harvey, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. May 20, 1865 ; must. out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Samuel E. Spohn, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Oct. 12, 1861 ; to sergt. June '6, 1863; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Jacob Wolfley, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. QimrlerTrtaster-SergeantB. Jeremiah W. Weibley, Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Jan. 1, 1864; must. out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Thomas W. Jordan, Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 3, 1862. Samuel P. Gutshall, Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 16, 1865 ; veteran, Sergeants. » Charles M. Armstrong, Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. from private Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Jacob B. Shaeffer, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Dec. 25, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. A. L. Gorman, Oct. 11, 1861 ; captured near Raleigh, N. C, April 12, 1865 ; pro. to Corp. May 20, 3865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Samuel W. Fickes, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. from corp. June 16, 1865 ; must. out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. D. Edward Smith, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 12, 1861 ; to sergt. ; disch. on surg. certif. December, 1863. Abraham Hartman, Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Thomas U. Culbertson, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. from private Oct. 12, 1861; to 2d lieut. Co. G May 22, 1863. Corporals. Jacob K. Waidley, Oct. 11, 1861; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1864; must, out witb company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. James P. Cree, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Henry Baker, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Cornelius Baker, Oct. 11, 1861; pro. to coi-p. Jan. 17, 1865; must, out witli company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Augustus Melt, March 18, 1862 ; pro. to corp. May 8, 1866 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Augustus Myers, May 9, 1864; pro. to Corp. May 20, 1865; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Jeremiah T. Walker, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 21, 1866 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. William Eeed, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. Henry Kunkle, Oct. 11, 1861; wounded at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862; disch. on siirg. certif. Sept. 6, 1863. William M. Houser, Oct. 11, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date un- known. George S.Albright, Oct. 11, 1861; pro. to corp. Oct. 12, 1861; died at Louisville, Ky., June 10, 1862 ; buried in National Cemetery, section A, range 24, grave 13. John E. Boyd, Oct. 11, 1861 ; killed at Triune, Tenn., June 11, 1863. Buglers. Elijah Richards, March 16, 1864; promoted to bugler June 1, 1865; must, out with company July 18, 1865. John M. Dougherty, Oct. 11, 1861 ; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., and paroled July 9, 1862; pro. to bugler Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. James Buckwalter, Oct. 11, 1861; pro. to bugler Oct. 12, 1861; died at Jeffersonville, Ind., January, 1862. Saddler. Leopold Miller, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to saddler Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Fan-iers. John W. Walker, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to farrier Jan. 1, 1864 ; must out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. GENERAL HISTORY. 195 Fernando F. Trankler, Oct. 11, 1861 ; died at Gallatin, Tenn., May, 1862. Jacob 0. Ford, Oct. 23, 1861 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., June 6, 1863. BlaclCBmUhB. George Simon, Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to blacksmith Jan. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. George 1. Dentlev, Oct. 11, 1861; died at Nashville, Tenn., April 18, 1862. Privatee. Anderson, James A., Oct. 11, 1861 ; must, out with company July 10, 1865 ; veteran. Attig, Henry H., Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Adams, Malan'n G., Sept. 7, 1863 ; died Dec. 26, 1863, of wounds received at Dandridge, Tenn. Arnoldy, "William. Amoldy, Edward. Alber, John, May 5, 1864; never joined company. BlaiD, Winfield S., Oct. 11, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Berrier, John, Oct. 11, 1861 ; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., and paroled July 9, 1862 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Bobbs, William H., Oct. 11, 1861; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Burns, Theodore, May 9, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Bruizer, A. F., Aug. 12, 1864 ; wounded at Averysborough, N . C, March 16, 1866 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out, Brestle, Henry 0., Oct. 11, 1861; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Bringer, George W., Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on Burg. certif. November, 1861. Barnet, Augustus N., Aug. 9, 1864; disch. by G.O. May 29, 1865. Bretz, William H., May 9, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Bates, John, Sept. 8, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Buchanan, George A., Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Bobbs, David G., Oct. 11, 1861; trans, to "Vet. Bes. Corps, date unknown. Books, Jacob R., Oct. 11, 1861; killed accidentally at Louisville, Ky., Sept. 9, 1862. Baker, Samuel, Sept. 12, 1864; died April 13, of wounds received at Kaleigh, N. C, April 12, 1865. Border, Thomas B., Oct. 11, 1861; died at York, Pa., Oct. 11, 1864; buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery. Cropks, John "W., Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. August, 1862. Campbell, James P., Oct. 29, 1861 ; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., and paroled July 9, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Chestnut, Joseph A., Oct. 11, 1861 ; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., and paroled July 9, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Conrad, Samuel, Oct. 11, 1861; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Campbell, James, Aug. 31, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1865. Oree, Alfred, May 10, 1864 ; prisoner from Nov. 22, 1864, to Feb. 2T, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1865. Ooalhouse, John, Oct. 11, 1861 ; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., and paroled July 9, 1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 14, 1864. Coover, John H. L., Oct. 11, 1861; captured; died, date unknown. Coates, Charles P., May 31, 1864; never joined company. Duncan, Samuel, Oct. 11, 1861; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Deibler, George, Aug. 13, 1864; disch. by G. O. May 29, 1865. Dunkleberger, J. "W., Aug. 31, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Dumb David T., Sept. 24, 1864 j died April 13, of wounds received at Ealeigh, N. C, April 12, 1865. Epler, Jacob, Oct. 11, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; vet- eran. Fisher, David N., Aug. 12, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Fisher, John, May 12, 1864. Gheistwhite, Daniel, May 3, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Gheistwhite, Eohert, Oct. 11,1861; disch. on aurg. certif. Jan. 5, 1866; ' veteran . Gordon, David, Oct. 29, 1861 ; captured at Mossy Creek, Tenn., Dec. 29, 1863; disch. Feb. 6, 1865, to date Nov. 26, 1864, at exp. of term. Gutshall,' George, Aug. 9, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Gutshall, John S., Aug. 13, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Gheistwhite, John, Oct. 11, 1861 ; died at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 17, 1862 ; buried in National Cemetery, sec. B, range 8, grave 6. Heltzel, Alfred, May 7, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Houser, Jacob R., Aug. 12, 1864; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Harnish, John L., Nov. 8, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Harman, E. M., Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 26, 1864, to date exp. of term. Hickernelt, William, Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865, to date Oct. 26, 1864. Hopple, William, Sept. 2, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 21, 1865, to date Oct. 26, 1864. Holtzapple, Isaiah, Oct. 11, 1861; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., and paroled July 9, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866, to date Oct. 26, 1864. Hickernell, Robert, Aug. 8, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866, to date Oct. 26, 1864. Huston, John W., Sept. 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865, to date Oct. 26, 1864. Harris, Oscar R. Irwin, John, Oct. 11, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet- eran. Irwin, John A., Oct. 11, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. August, 1862. Irwin, Henry, Oct. 23, 1861 ; died at New Haven, Ky., February, 1862. Jones, Lawrence, Aug. 29, 1864. Jones, Albert T.,Sept. 1, 1864; never joined company. Keller, Jacob, Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Kline, William, Aug. 9, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Korhn, Henry, May 7, 1864 ; never joined company. Lightner, William H., Oct. 11, 1861; disch. Dec. ^4, 1864, at exp. of term. Lightner, Thomas B., Oct. 11, 1861; discli. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term . Lightner, John S., Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp, of term. Linn, William S., Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Lehr, Jerome B., Aug. 31, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Long, Andrew, Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Laughman, Daniel, Aug. 30, 1864; disch. by G, 0, May 29, 1866. Linn, John J,, Sept, 24, 1804 ; disch, by G, 0. May 29, 1865. lioyer, Joseph T,, May 26, 1864; never joined company. Miller, Henry C, Oct. 11, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Matthias, John, May 30, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Moore, Thomas, Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Misenhelter, M., Aug. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Messimer, W. D., Sept. 24, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0, May 29, 1865, Morah, Michael, May 25, 1863; never joined company, McKinley, Jacob, Aug, 12, 1864; disch, by G. 0. May 29, 1865. McBride, William E., Sept. 8, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. McGuire, Milton F., Sept. 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866, Noll, Samuel, Sept, 24, 1864 ; disch. by G, 0. May 29, 1865, Neeter, John, Sept, 10, 1864; disch, by G, 0. May 29, 1865. Ott, John, Aug. 10, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Powell, David, Sept, 8, 1864; disch, by G, 0, May 29, 1866, Penrod, Samuel, Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch, Dec, 24, 1864, at exp, of term. Plumber, Abraham, Oct. 11, 1861; died at Nashville, Tenn., April, 1862. Raffensberger, J., Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. Dec, 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Reaser, Reuben H,, Sept, 8, 1864; disch, by G, 0, May 29, 1866, Eisewick, John C, Sept, 8, 1864; disch. by G, 0. May 29, 1865. Ricedorf, Daniel, Oct. 11, 1861 ; died at Lebanon, Ky,, Nov, 9, 1862, Eenner, Paul, May 7,1864; never joined company. Kambo, Walter B., Sept. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 20, to date July 16, 1866, Sheffy, John, Oct. 11, 1861; must, out with company July 18, 1866; vet- eran. Scott, Walter A,, Oct, 11, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran, Snieigb, Oliver H,, Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0, Aug, 3, 1866; veteran. Stump, William A., Oct. 11, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Seaberts, Jacob, May 5, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Speelman, Daniel, May 25, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Sheaffer, David L,, Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Sheaffer, Hamilton, absent, in hospital, at muster out. Sheaffer, Charles H,, Aug. 31, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Snyder, John H., Aug, 12, 1864; disch, by G, 0, May 29, 1865, Snyder, Samuel, Aug. 9, 1864; disch, by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Saylor, Allen, Aug, 30, 1864; disch, by G. 0, May 29, 1866. Stipe, Andrew J., Aug, 9, 1864; disch, by G, 0, May 29,1865. Stone, Simon, Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Stumhaugh, William, Sept. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Shearer, William, Sept. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Shipman, Leonard R., Sept. 8, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Shuler, PhiUp, Sept. 24, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. 196 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Snively, Charles H., Sept. 6, 1S64; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Stoltz, Alfred A., Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Spohn, John P., Aug. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 13, 1866. Savery, Samuel F., Sept. 8, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 13, to date June 3, 1865. Sheaffer, Jonathan, Oct. 11, 1861 ; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., and paroled July 9, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Sheibley, Jeremiah T., Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Saulpier, Kapoleon, Nov. 23, 1861 ; pro. to hospital steward, date un- known. Snyder, Samuel, Oct. 11, 1861 ; died March 5, 1863 ; burial record MaVoh 6, 1864, of wounds received at Thompson's Station, Tenn. ; buried in National Cemetery, Stone River, grave 50. Stype, George W., Oct. 23, 1861. Thompson, S. L., Nov. 24, 1861 ; diach. Deo. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Trump, George W., Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on Surg, certif. Dec. 4, 1862. Terrell, Almanzo E., Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 2, 1863. Thomas, John F,, June 30, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Tresaler, Henry D., Oct. 11, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date un- known. Turbett, George W., Oct. 11, 1861. Walker, Oliver, must, out with company July 18, 1865. Whisler, John L., Aug. 9, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Walter, Daniel W., Sept. 8, 1864; disch. by G. O. May 29, 1865. Walter, Joseph, Sept. 8, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Watson, John, Oct. 14, 1864; never joined company. Zeigler, Reuben, July 11, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 26, 1865. ROLL OF COMPANY E, ;NINTH CAVALRY (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). Recruited in DawpMn and Smgwhamna Counties. Ca/ptains. John S. Detweiler, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to maj. March 19, 1863. William H. Eckels, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. May 22, 1863 ; disch. Nov. 26, 1864, at exp. of term. Lewis A. Hoke, Oct. 26, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Co. F May 2», 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. First Lieutenants. Isaac Lloyd, Jan. 10, 1862 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. L May 22, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 28, 1864. Jacob Coller, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. from regt'l com.-sergt. May 19, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Second Lieutenants. Aaron Sullivan, Oct. 17, 1861; killed at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1866. Tbeoph. J. Mountz, Oct. 29, 1861 ; pro. from regt'l q.m.-sergt. Aug. 8, 1862 ; to 1st lieut. Co. K May 22, 1863. Joseph H. Ferguson, Oct. 26, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. Co. G May 22, 1863 ; res. July 26, 1864. John H. Shammo, Oct. 29, 1861 ; wounded at Thompson's Station, Tenn., March 6, 1863; pro. to let sergt. ; to 2d lieut. May 20, 1865 ; must. out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Mrst Sergeant. James E. McGann, Dec. 31, 1861 ; wounded at Thompson's Station, Tenn., March 5, 1863 ; pro. to 1st sergt. May 20, 1866 ; must, out with com- pany July 18, 1865 ; veteran. David H. Mumma, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Asa W. Hickok, Oct. 29, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Joel MyeiB, Deo. 9, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1864 ; must, out with com- pany July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Isaac Brubaker, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Oct. 4, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Daniel D. Tompkins, Dec. 9, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1866; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Sylvester S. Ransom, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. May 20, 1866 ; must. out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. John M. Brubaker, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp, of term. David W. Emery, Oct. 29, 1861 ; captured September, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 20, 1863. Lawr'e A. Crinnian, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. C June 20, 1863. C. A. Hungerford, Aug. 26, 1862 ; disch. by G, 0, May 29, 1865, Charles A. Lyman, Oct. 17, 1861 ; killed at Lafayette, Ga., Sept. 18, 1863. Coi-porals. John A. Beck, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro, to corp, Jan, 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Jacob W, Bowers, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran, Marshall D. Clark, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan, 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran, Benjamin Dillman, Oct, 17, 1861; pro, to corp, Oct. 4, 1864 ; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Charles S. Fargo, Oct. 29, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 4, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran, Charles H. Bayletts, Oct, 17, 1861 ; pro, to corp, June 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran, William R. Firtig, Aug, 5, 1863 ; pro, to Corp. May 20, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Llewellyn Musser, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1866 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Albert H. Phillips, Oct, 17, 1861 ; disch. 1862. Nathan L. Howe, Oct. 17, 1861 ; killed near Raleigh, N. C, April 12, 1865 ; veteran. Davidson U. Hench, Oct. 17, 1861 ; wounded at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862 ; died, date unknown. Buglers. Jacob W. Mumma, May 27, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. David L. Mooney, May 25, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Elisha M. Fargo, Oct, 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 19, 1862. John Hailey, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 18, 1862. Saddler. Samuel H. Hamilton, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to saddler Sept. 23, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. Fmrwrs. Orrin Blakeslee, Oct. 29, 1861 ; pro. to farrier Jan. 1, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Isaac Strickland, Oct. 17, 1861 ; died at Knoxville, Tenn., March 12, 1864. , Blacixmiths. John P. McWilliams, Oct. 8, 1864 ; pro. to blacksmith May 29, 1865 ; must. out with company July 18, 1865. Edwin L. Taylor, Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. I. J. Eisenhower, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 6, 1862. Samuel Mellinger, Aug. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Privates. Armstrong, R. W., Oct. 17, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. Arlington, George, Dec. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Abbott, John H., Oct. 29, 1861. Brown, Webb C, Aug. 17, 1864; absent, wounded, at muster out Bechtel, William, Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18 1866. Bottomstone, G. W., Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Baker, Amos, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at 6xp.:of term. Boyd, George E., Aug. 13,1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Bair, Simon M., Sept. 21, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Black, Israel, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 16, 1862. Bullock, John, Jr., Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 17, 1862. Ball, Edwin J., Dec. 9, 1861; trans, to Marine Corps, date unknown. Bricker,William, Aug. 16, 1864; killed at Griswoldville, Ga Nov 22 1864. Beale, Samuel A., Sept. 19, 1864 ; died at Savannah, Ga., Feb. 26, 1865. Baker, Isaac F., Sept. 10, 1864. Bertine, John, Nov. 17, 1864. Bell, James, disch., date unknown. Ooyle, David L , Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Deo. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Orozier, Benjamin F., Sept. 19, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866.' Oonley, John J., Sept. 1, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865 ' Clandy, John T., Aug. 29, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif.' June 8, 1866 Campbell, William, Dec. 9, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 19, 1862 GENERAL HISTORY. 197 Cunningham, William, Aug. 24, 1864; killed at Averysborough, N. 0., March 16, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, Baleigh, sec. 20, grave 41. Cummings, James W., Oct. IT, 1861. Cannon, Joseph, Sept. 17, 1864. Cuthberson, Robert, Oct. 14, 1864. Canada, Johnson, Sept. 10, 1864. Ditty, Jesse B., Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with company July 18,1865. Doughmun, Solomon, Nov. 10, 186i ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Dewers, David L., Dec. 9, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 14, 1864, at exp. of term. Dewitt, Andrew W., Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Dateman, Ephraim, Aug. 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Dunheimer, R. H., disch., date unknown. Derr, Silas, Oct. 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H, date unknown. Dolan, John, Aug. 17, 1864. Daily, George, Sept. 17, 1864. Deters, Charles, Sept. 8, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Enders, Isaiah T., Feb. 24,-1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Fry, George, Aug. 8, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Fox, David, Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Fox, Christopher, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch., date unknown. Foitz, William, Sept. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Fowler, Matthew B., Sept. 13, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 14, 1866. Fritz, Henry, Oct. 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H, date unknown. Former, Robert, disch., date unknown. Frier, James, disch., date unknown. Griswold, Charles A., Oct. 29, 1861 ; disoh. Deo. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Garrett, Samuel L., Sept. 18, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Geigas, Henry, Aug. 23, 1864. Hisey, Henry, Aug. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Hurrell, Joseph S., Sept. 19, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Harris, William H., Aug. 19, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Hickok, David M,, Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 19, 1862. Huntsman, D. H., Dec.l9, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. 1861. Hunter, John T., Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. G Aug. 4, 1862. Hungerford, Ira, Aug. 26, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 24, 1864. Hendrick, Eugene S., Dec. 9, 1861 ; pro. to regt'l q.m.-sergt., date un- known. Halpin, John, Oct. 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H, date unknown. Hunt, Sylvester, Oct. 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H, date unknown. Hall, Charles H., Nov. 29, 1861 ; captured at Glasgow, Ky., July 10, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps July 2, 1863. Houston, William, Aug. 10, 1864. Hostter, Adam, July 13, 1864. Harris, Alexander, Sept. 19,1864. Ireland, James M., Aug. 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Ingersol, Edwin, Oct. 14, 1864. Jackson, Walter A., Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Jones, Isaac, Aug. 18, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. James, William, Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Kelsey, Nelson, Oct. 29, 1861 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out; vet- eran. Kern, David N., Oct. 17, 1861 ; discharged, date unknown. Kuhn, William, Oct. 17, 1861 ; died Aug. 5 of wounds received at Tomp- kinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862. Kuhn, George W., Oct. 17, 1861 ; died at Lebanon, Ky., Sept. 8, 1862. Kirk, William J., Oct. 17, 1861. Kinnion, Jameff C, Oct. 17, 1861. Lehon, John W., Aug. 17, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Lillenstien, Charles, Aug. 18, 1864; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Lyter, Peter B., Feb. 24, 1864; must, out with company July 18,1865. Latouch, Alfred, Sept. 3, 1864; disch. by 6. 0. Aug. 3, 1876. Lyman, Gideon C, Aug. 24, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 21, 1865. Lenker, Valentine, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Lehr, George, Aug. 26, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Lyman, Thomas W., Aug. 24, 1864 ; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 9,1866. Lewis, George, Aug. 22, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Leamy, George W., Oct. 17, 1861 ; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862 ; paroled ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. B May 30, 1864 ; veteran. Deibrick, William M., Oct. 17, 1861; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date un- known. Lameroux, James M., Oct. 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H, date unknown. Mace, Elias, Oct. 17, 1861 ; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Mortz, John B., March 25, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Mason, Frederick, Oct. 8, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Miller, William R., Oct. 1.3, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Miller, Philip S., Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Mulgrew, Bernard L., Oct. 17, 1861; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Mansberger, Daniel, Aug. 9, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Mathias, John, Sept. 8, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Moore, George W., Sept. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29,.1865. Martin, Benjamin F., Sept. 26, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Miller, William A,, Sept. 3, 1664; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Moore, John H., Aug. 25, 1861; prisoner from Nov. 22,1864, to April 27, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, to date May 20, 1865. Morris, George J. W., Oct. 17, 1861 ; captured at Glasgow, Ky., July 10, 1862; disoh. on surg. certif. Nov. 18, 1862. Miller, James, Sept. 8, 1864. Martin, Henry C, discharged, date unknown. Miller, Nicholas B., not on muster-out roll. McGann, John K., Feb. 24, 1864; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864; absent on furlough at muster out. McMuUen, James J., Sept. 21, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. McCandleas, Charles J., Oct. 29, 1801 ; died at Lebanon, Ky., Aug. 9, 1862. McOandless, George J., Oct. 29, 1861. McStraw, John, Dec. 9, 1861. Niel, John A., Sept. 21, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Neiman, Charles, Sept. 17, 1864; disch. by G.O. May 29,1865. Oaborn, William R., Feb. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Palmer, George A., Oct. 17, 1861 ; discharged, date unknown. Palmer, Orbo W., Oct. 17, 1361 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Pyle, Jacob, Oct. 17, 1861 ; wounded at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Pike, John W., Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. July 31, 1862. Phillips, John. Reed, Harrison, Sept. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 21, 1866. Ruff, Adolphns, Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Ross, Simon M., Sept. 2, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Bheinhart, John H., Sept. 13, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Bossiter, John, Oct. 17, 1861 ; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862; paroled; not on muster-out roll. Steever, Josiah W., Oct. 17, 1861; captured at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Speece, John, Sept. 28, 1864; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 22, 1865. ■ Smith, Thomas C, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Sheldon, George A., Oct. 17, 1861; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Shiley, Adam, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Shfiut, John S., Oct. 17, 1861 ; captured at'Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Sherman, Nath. 6., Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Smith, Henry, Aug. 2, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 19, 1866. Showalfer, William B., Aug. 24, 1864; disch. by 6. 0. May 29, 1865. Shearer, Samuel A., Aug. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Speece, Samuel M., Sept. 17, 1864; disch. by 6. 0. May 29, 1865. Stuart, Calvin, Sept. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Siglin, George W., Sept. 26, 1864 ; disoh. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. Sherwood, George E., Sept. 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Schierman, John, Oct. 29, 1864; wounded at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif June 28, 1865 ; veteran. Scott, Romine P., Oct. 17, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 29, 1862. Stevens, Hamp. C, Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to chief bugler, date unknown. SoUinger, John, Dec. 9, 1861; disoh. in 1862. Sherman, Charles W., Dec. 9, 1861 ; pro. to veterinary surgeon Jan. 23, 1866. Singer, Henry E., Oct. 17, 1861; died at Murfreesborough, Tenn., July 22, 1863 ; buried in National Cemetery, Stone River, grave 410. Smith, Earl, Dec. 9, 1861. Smith, William, May 31, 1864. Smith, George, Oct. 7, 1864. Trotter, William, Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Townsend, John, Sept. 13, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Trone, Lewis A., Sept. 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0., May 29, 1865. Thomas, George W., Sept. 17-, 1864; disch. by 6. 0. May 29, 1865. Troster, John, Oct. 17, 1861. Inland, Philip A., Oct. 17, 1861. Uhlmer, Jacob, Aug. 13, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Urich, Hugh, Oct. 17, 1864 ; died at Calhoun, Ky., March 16, 1862. 198 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Underhill, Levi H., Oct. 17, 1864. Victoria, William, Oct. 17, 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Bes. Corps, date unknown. Wilt, John W., Oct. 17, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. Weaver, Keuben, May 25, 1864; must out with company July 18, 1865. Weaver, Solomon, May 25, 1864; must, oilt with company July 18, 1865. Williams, Joshua L., Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March, 1862. Weldmer, Samuel M., Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov, 12, 1863. Waldron, Cornelius D., Oct. 17, 1861; dfsoh. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Wiles, John, Oct. 17, 1861 ; captured at Glasgow, Ky., July 10, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Wiles, Joseph, Oct. 17, 1861 ; captured at Glasgow, Ky., July 10, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Weaver, Philip, Sept. 3, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Willis, Henry, Aug. 10, 1864; disch. by G: 0. May 29, 1866. Wyeth, John W., Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to regimental commissary-sergeant June 1, 1865 ; veteran. Wilson, Charles H., May 24, 1864. Wilson, Thomas, Oct. 3, 1864. Witamyer, Bobert, Sept. 28, 1864. Willey, Williams, June 10, 1864. Williams, James, Sept. 8, 1864; not on muster-out roll. WilBon,.Frank, Sept. 8, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Zigler, Benjamin F., Oct. 17, 1861. BOLL OF COMPANY K, NINTH CAVALRY (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). ReGmUed in BanjupMn and I/aeerne Counties. GcupUtim. Joseph Phillips, Nov. 21, 1861 ; res. Dec. 10, 1861. Henry Beemsnyder, Oct. 19,1861; pro. from 1st lieut. Co. F Feb. 1,1862: res. Oct. 14, 1862. J. Frank Miller, Oct. 7, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Co. May 22, 1863 ; to maj. June 23, 1865. First Lieutenants. Douglass Edwards, Nov. 21, 1861 ; res. Jan. 13, 1862. Thomas A. Nichols, Nov. 21, 1861 ; pro. from sergt.-maj. Aug. 8, 1862 ; to adjt. May 22, 1863. Theophilus J. Mountz, Oct. 29, 1861 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. B May 22, 1863; killed at Dandridge, Tenn., Dec. 24, 1863; buried at Knox- ville, grave 3. William Guyer, Oct. 29, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. Co. H to 2d lieut. May 26, 1863 ; to 1st lieut. July 1, 1864 ; com. capt. June 16, 1866 ; not mustered ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Second Lieutenants. John O'Grady, Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Co. B May 23, 1863. ' Joseph D. Thomas, Sept. 18, 1861; pro. from private Co. M Aug. 26, 1864 ; disch. May 22, 1865 ; veteran. First Sergeants. William Wheeler, Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. from corp. to sergt. Sept. 23, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. Aug. 20, 1864 ; com. 1st lieut. June 16, 1865 ; not mus- tered; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. John G. Harlow, Nov. 24, 1861. Sergeants. William Kelly, Oct. 23, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. William E. Sayere, Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1862 : to sergt. April 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866 ; veteran. JohnF. Burke, Oct. 23, 1861; com. 2d lieut. June 16, 1865; not mus- tered ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Daniel Carmitchel, Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. from corp. May 1, 1864 ; must. out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. George Dowd, Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. to corp. October, 1863 ; to sergt. May 1, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. Charles H. Sayers, May 27, 1864; captured at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov 22, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. July 17, 1865. George Biggs, May 27, 1864 ; pro. to sergt. May 20, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Luke White, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Corporals. Samuel Bowman, Oct. 16, 1861; pro. to corp. June 10,1864; captured near Monticello, Ga., date unknown; veteran. Edward Kenny, Oct. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran. William Ganigan, Jan. 7, 1864 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Beuben Bixler, Aug. 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. John Keegan, Sept. 15, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. Nov. 15, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Henry Shaffner, Aug. 9, 1864; pro. to corp. Aug. 21, 1864 ; dischlbyG. 0. May 29, 1865. John Caffroy, Oct. 23, 1861. William Eagan, Oct. 23, 1861. Nicholas Sheridan, Oct. 23, 1861. •Tohn Williams, Oct. 23, 1861. Saddler. Peter McGrath, Oct. 23, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out ; veteran. Farriers. John Flannery, Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. to farrier Jan. 1, 1863 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Thomas Smith, Nov. 16, 1861. Blac&smiths. Charles B. Gilbert, June 21, 1864; pro. to blacksmith May 29, 1866; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Samuel Goodman, Aug. 31, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. James McGill, Oct. 23, 1861 ; died at MeridianviUe, Ala., July 20, 1863. Frank A. Hower, May 27, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. John Crimmins, Aug. 30. 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Edmund Fisher, Oct. 23, 1881. Privates. Aver, John S., May 23, 1864; never joined company. Agnew, Peter, Aug. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 23, 1865. Ashton, Bobs, Sept. 5, 1864; disch. by G. O. May 23, 1866. Baker, Edward, Oct. 23, 1861; must, out with company July 18,1865; veteran . Burns, .Tames, May 27, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Buchman, John H., Sept. 26, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Bahney, Augustus, Aug. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Bensing, Byron, Sept. 24, 1864 ; disch. by 6, 0. May 29, 1865. Beachler, Jacob, Aug. 10, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Bitner, Jacob S., Aug. 15, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29,1865. Brubaker, John, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Burr, James P., Nov. 21, 1861 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 17, 1864. Booth, John, Sept. 6, 1864; died at New York April 16, 1865; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, L. I. Bestford, Thomas, Oct. 31, 1861. ' Burke, James, Oct. 31, 1861. Butler, James, 1861. Bliss, R. T., 1861. Britton, G. T., 1861. Bird, James P., 1861. Carroll, Isaac, Oct. 23, 1861; must, out with company July 18, 1866; veteran. Carmitchel, John, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. by 6. 0. Aug. 1, 1866. Carmitchel, Robert, March 16, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Chilcoat, William L., Feb. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Chapman, Almeron, Sept. 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Clements, George, Sept. 6, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Craig, George W., Oct. 23, 1861; killed at Dandridge, Tenn., Jan 16, 1864. Graig, Bennett, killed at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22. 1864. Chilcoat, Samuel G., Feb. 25, 1864; died at Whiteside,, Tenn., July 7, 1864. Cawley, James, Oct. 31, 1861. Coleman, John, Oct. 23, 1861. Cosier, Freman, 1861. Coleman, John, 1861. Druram, George F., March 23, 1864; must, out with company July 18 1866. Davis, Lewis, Aug. 16, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Douglass, Wesley, Sept. 7, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Dechant, Theodore 0., Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864^ at exp of term Donnelly, Patrick, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. ' GENERAL HISTORY. 199 Dnflfy, Patrick, 1861 j disch., date unknown. Davis, Thomas F., Oct. 23, 1861. Daley, John, Oct. 23, 1861. Dulany, John, Oct, 15, 1861. Dillen, JFrancia, Oct. 23, 1861. Dovod, John, 1861. Eisenhower, Abner, Aug. 15, 1864 ; diech. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. English, David T., Sept. 17, 1864: disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. riannery, Thomas, May 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. July 10, 1866. Freney, Richard, May 27, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 10, 1866. Tabs, Wmiam, Sept. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Treeman, James, Aug. 9, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Feidt, Daniel S., Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Deo. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Fetterholf, SamuiJl, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Flood, Patrick, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. Deo. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Flynn, Thomas W., Oct. 31, 1861 ; disch. Deo. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Poy, Thomas, Oct. 23, 1861; disch. Deo. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Flynn, James, Nov. 16, 1861. Fuller, Howard B., 1861 ; not on mnster-out roll. Geesy, John, March 22, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Gallagher, Eli, Feb. 20, 1864; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864; discli. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. , Grove, John M., Sept. 5, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Grinley, John K., Aug. 30, 1864 ; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 20, 1865. Gregory, Charles, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 25, 1863. Grady, Martin, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 25, 1863. Galligan, Peter, Oct. 23, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 1862. Goodwin, Edwin M., Nov. 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 14,1863. Garner, Francis, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Gilbert, Thomas, Oct. 23, 1861 : died at Bacon Creek, Ga., March 10, 1862 ; buried in National Cemetery, section D, range 4, grave 80. Garnett, Abraham, Oct. 23, 1861. Gableman, Lewis, Nov. 16, 1861. Howley, John, May 10, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Hosick, John M., Oct. 31, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Hartman, John G., Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Hahn, Philip, Aug. 24, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 23, 1865. Howard, Irving, Sept. 18, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 8, 1866. Hoffman, Aaron, Sept. 25, 1864 ; wounded at Averysborough, N. C, March 14, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1864. Hemler, Luther B., Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Humphries, John P , Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Humes, Lyman, Aug. 15, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Hines, Samuel, Nov. 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., 1862. Huff, Jahiel, Sept. 6, 1864; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Harris, John, Feb. 17, 1862; died at Danville, Ky., July 19, 1862, of wounds received in action ; buried in National Cemetery, section 1, grave 30. Hughes, Hugh B., Oct. 31, 1861. Hempson, Solomon, Feb. 25, 1864; never joined company. Hollahan, Michael, May 26, 1864. Houser, Charles P., Nov.' 22, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Jones, Joseph, Oct. 23, 1861 ; captured at Fayetteville, N. C, March 10, 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. July 6, 1865; veteran. Judge, John, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Jellison, Jonathan, Nov. 16, 1861; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Junk, William A., Oct. 7, 1861; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Jones, John G., Oct. 23, 1861 ; killed at Dandridge, Tenn., Jan. 16, 1864. Jones, William, July 3, 1862 ; died at Shield's Mill, Tenn., April 13, 1866. Johnson, Kobert L., May 27, 1864 ; never joined company. Jones, James, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Jeremiah, John. Kenny, Hugh, May 9, 1864. Kissinger, Jacob, Feb. 25, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Klinger, Samuel, Sept. 20, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. Kline, Henry, Ahg. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Kichline, David, Aug. 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Klingensmith, H., Nov. 16, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0., date unknown ; veteran. Kerrigan, Patrick, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. Deo. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Kelly, Michael, Oct. 23, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. March 10, 1864; burial record, died March 17, 1864 ; buried in Allegheny Cemetery, Pa. Koenig, Jonathan, Nov. 16, 1861. Lantz, Jacob P., Feb. 24, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Learch, William, Nov. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. Leonard, Michael, Oct. 16, 1861; captured; paroled; disch. by G. 0. June 13, 1865 ; veteran. Lonarrigan, Michael, Aug. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Logiie, John, Oct. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps, date unknown. Lyons, John, Oct. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D, date unknown. La France, John, 1861. Miller, James D., Aug. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Morgan, Harmon F., Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., 1862. Murphy, Hugh, Oct. 23, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. 1862. Millhouse, Joseph T., Aug. 16, 1864; died at Blair's Landing, S. C, April 1, 1865. Muchless, Oliver, Nov. 16, 1861. Murphy, Thomas, Sept. 8, 1864. Moltz, Jacob A., Feb. 9, 1864; not on muster-out roll. McColly, Amos, Feb. 24, 1864; must, out with company July IS, 1865. McNulty, John, Oct. 23, 1861 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. McCormick, John, Sept. 7, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. McCormick, Martin, Oct. 23, 1861. McConologue, John, Oct. 31, 1861; disch. Nov. 14, 1864, to date exp. of term. McCarty, Jeremiah, Oct. 31, 1861; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date un- known. McAlroy, James, June 6, 1863; died Nov. 23, of wounds received at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, Andersonville, Ga., grave 13,346. McNulty, James, Nov. 16, 1861. McGuinn, Anthony, March 30, 1864; never joined company. Nealls, John, May 9, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. O'Boyle, Owen, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, at exp. of term. O'Toole, William, Nov. 24, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 6, 1862. Osborn, William B., Feb. 19, 1864; trans, to Co. E, date unknown. Parker, Albert, Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Phillips, Daniel, Nov. 16, 1861 ; absent, on furlough, at muster out. Preston, John, Oct. 23, 1861. Eessinger, William, Oct. 4, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 26, 1865. Keinoelil, John F., Feb. 22, 1864 ; absent, with leave, at muster out. KobertB, John F., 1861. Reap, Michael, 1861. Richards, William, 1861. Shaffer, Samuel, Nov. 16, 1861; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Schrolls, Henry, Sept. 12, 1864; captured at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864. Shields, William, absent, in confinement, at muster out. Serf, John H., Oct. 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Sheets, William, Aug. 9, 1864; disch. by G. O. May 29, 1866. Steers, John, Dec. 31, 1861; discharged, date unknown; Stabler, Andrew J., Aug. 15, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 26, 1866. Stevens, James H., Feb. 19, 1864 ; trans, to Co. M, date unknown. Smith, James, May 12, 1864 ; never joined company. Spence, James, 1861. Smith, Samuel, 1861. Sherwood, William H., 1861. Snoddy, Samuel, 1861. Towner, Henry, March 30, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Uhler, Isaac, Feb. 24, 1864; disch. by G. 0., date unknown. Vanauken, Edward L., Oct. 23, 1861. Welsh, Patrick, May 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Warfell, William, Feb. 24, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Winds, Henry, May 23, 1864 ; absent, with leave, at muster out. Whitmer, John W., Feb. 18, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1866. Wolf, William, Sept. 6, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Winters, Lewis P., Sept. 24, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Wentz, Samuel, Sept. 24, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Weaver, Urias, Aug. 16, 1864 : disch. by Q. 0. May 29, 1865. Williams, John, Sept. 7, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Woods, John, Aug. 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Workman, Levi, Sept. 6, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1866. Wambaugb, H. L., Aug. 31, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Wright, Thomas, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 25, 1863. Wiley, Robert, 1861. Welsh, Miles, 1861. Williams, Richard, 1861. Tarnell, Wil6on,,Sept. 3, 1864; disch. by G. 0., May 29, 1866. 200 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. NINETY-SIXTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOL- UNTEERS. In this Schuylkill County regiment the company which follows was recruited partly in Dauphin County. For a history of the gallant Ninety-sixth we refer our readers to " History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-65," vol. iii. p. 382. BOLL OF COMPANY 6, NINETY-SIXTH REGIMENT PENNSYL- VANIA VOLUNTEERS (THREE YEARS' SERVICE). Becruiled in Dauphint Berks, and SehuylMll Countiea. Captains. James N. Douden, Sept. 23, 1861 ; res. March 1, 1862. Jacob W. Haas, Sept. 23, 1861 ; pro. from let. lieut. March 5, 1862 ; must, out with company Oct. 21, 1864. Mrst Lieutenant. Arthur S. Fesig, Sept. 23, 186]. ; pro. from 2d lieut. March 6, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 15, 1864. Second LietUetuint. E. E. Sauerbrey, Sept. 23, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. Co. A March 6, 1862 ; disch. April 1, 1863, for wounds received at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 2'?, 1862. First Sergeo/nts. John Williams, Oct. 3, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. Nov. 18, 1863 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Frank N. Douden, Sept. 23, 1861. Jacob Alvord, Sept. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, 96th Eegt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864 ; veteran. Jonathan C. Bear, Oct. 16, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Eegt. P. v., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Henry Keiser, Sept. 23, 1861; pro. to sergt. May 11, 1864; trans, to Co. G, 95th Eegt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Lafayette Billig, Oct. 7, 1862; pro. to sergt.; trans, to Co. G, 96th Eegt. P. v., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. William H. Buck, Oct. 14, 1861; pro. to sergt.; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. v., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. William H. Fesig, Oct. 3, 1861; trans, to Vet, Res. Corps Oct. 1, 1863. Benjamin B. Wagner, Oct. 3, 1861 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864; veteran. James M. Ferree, Sept. 30, 1861 ; killed at Spottsylvania Conrt-House, Va., May 10, 1864; buried in Wilderness burial-grounds; veteran. Corporals. Amos Kuntzelman, Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. Jacob K. Buehler, Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch, on surg. certif. March 22, 1862. Alfred I). Hans, Oct. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Aug. 18, 1862. David Alvord, Sept. 30, 1861; pro. to corp., date unknown; disch. on Burg. certif July 25, 1862. John Goodfellow, Sept. 23, 1861; pro. to Corp., date unknown; disch. on surg, certif June, 1863. Lewis C, Romich, Oct, 22, 1861 ; pro, to corp,, date unknown ; trans, to Co. G, 96tb Eegt, P, V,, Oct, IS, 1804; veteran. Evan M, Gery, Oct, 22, 1861; captured at Wilderness, Va,, May 7, 1864; pro, to Corp., date unknown ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P.' V. Oct 18, 1864. '' Edwin Moyer, Sept, 23, 1861 ; pro, to corp,, date unknown ; killed at Spottsylvauia Court-House, Va,, May 10, 1864; veteran, John C, Gratz, Sept, 23, 1861; died Jan. 26, 1862. Joshua Workman, Sept. 23, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., date unknown ; killed at Spottsylvania Conrt-House, Va,, May 10, 1864; veteran, James J, Miller, Nov, 4, 1861 ; pro, to corp,, date unknown ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va,, May 12, 1864; trans, to Vet, Res. Corps Oct, 17, 1864; veteran. Musicians. James M. Zulick, Oct. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Feb. 16, 1864. Daniel 0. Hoffman, Sept, 23, 1861; traus. to Vet, Res, Corps Sept 12 1863, ■ ' Privates. AUbecker, Burkh'd, Aug, 10, 1862; disch, on surg. oertif. Dec. 29, 1862. Bryan, Washington, Sept. 30, 1861; must, out with company Oct 21 1864. Beard, Jolin, Oct. 3, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864; trans, to Co. G, 95th Eegt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; vet- eran. Beard, Gideon, Oct. 3, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Eegt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Beard, Charles, April 4, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Eegt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864. Bird, Joel, Oct. 10, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 96th Eegt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864. Berker, William, Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 29, 1862. Betz, Daniel, Oct. 21, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 29, 1862 ; re-enl. March 2, 1864 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864. Betz, James, Oct. 7, 1861 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House, May 10, 1804; veteran. Brobst, Simon, Oct. 3, 1861 ; died at Philadelphia Aug. 24, 1862. Baddorf, Philip, Feb. 22, 1864; died June 8, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. Bear, George C, March 8, 1864; trans, to Co. G, 95th Eegt. P, V., Oct. 19, 1864. Balliet, Josiab, Oct. 10, 1861; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864; trans, to Co. G, 95th Eegt, P, V,, Oct. 18, 1864; veteran, Betz, William, March 6, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, 96th Regt. P. V., Oct, 18, 1864, Betz, Isaac, March 5, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864. Beaver, Reuben^ March 8, 1864 ; died June 9, 1864. Bisell, Bennevi'e H., Sept. 17, 1862 ; trans to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 1864. Cook, Charles H., Nov. 4, 1861 ; died at Pottsville, Pa., Jan. 17, 1864. Chamounski, E,, Sept, 30, 1861. Depka, Frederick, Oct. 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg, certif, July 25, 1862. Dreibelbeis, Abraham, Sept. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864 ; veteran. DryfooB, Mark, Oct. 23, 1861; died at Washington, D. C, Dec. 23, 1801; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. Ferree, Uriah D,, Sept, 30, 1861 ; trans, to Co, G, 95th Regt, P. V,, Oct, 18, 1864; veteran. Fritz, Lewis, Oct. 16, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 12, 1864; trans, to Co, G, 95th Regt, P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; vet- eran. Fey, Lewis J., Oct. 14, 1861. Grim, John D., Oct, 5, 1861 ; disch, on surg, certif March 25, 1863, Greaflf, Isaac, Oct, 14, 1861 ; disch, on surg. certif. March 1, 1862. Gloss, John, Nov. 1, 1861; trans, to Co, G, 95th Regt. P. V,, Oct. 18,1864, Giger, John, Oct. 7, 1861, Herb, Nathan, Sept, 30, 1861 ; must, out with company Oct, 21, 1864, Herber, Jonathan, Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 24, 1862. Heebner, George, Oct. 10, 1861. Haines, Thomas, Oct, 3, 1861; killed at Crampton's Gap, Md,, Sept. 14, 1862, Hawk, Jeremiah, Sept, 23, 1861; trans, to Co, G, 95th Regt, P, V., Oct. 18, 1864 ; veteran. Hill, James, Oct. 15, 1861; died at David's Island, N. Y,, July 24, 1864; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, L. I, Hardinger, Elias, March 13, 1864; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P, V.,Oct. 18, 1S64. Hill, Samuel S., Feb. 4, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Eegt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864. Keener, Eli, Oct, 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P, V,, Oct, 18, 1864, Killian, Mark, Oct, 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Jan. 29, 1862. Kistling, Christian, Sept. 30, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Eegt. P. V.,Oct. 18, 1864. Kffircher, James, Sept. 23, 1861 ; died Feb. 8, 1863, of wounds received at Crampton's Gap, Md., Sept. 14, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, section 26, lot E, grave 486. Luke, John, March 14, 1864; trans, to Co. G, 9oth Eegt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864. Lynn, Felix, Aug. 14, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. March 26, 1863. Miller, William, Oct. 14, 1861; disch. Oct. 14, 1864, at exp. of term. Machamer, David, Sept. 23, 1861; captured; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. Murray, John, March 22, 1864; not on muster-out roll. McCarty, John, Oct. 10, 1861 ; trans, to Co. F Feb. 15, 1864. Nester, George, Oct. 14, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 22, 1862 Nester, gamuel, Oct. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 28,'l862 GENERAL HISTORY. 201 Nice, Jacob, Nov. 4, 1861 ; traos. to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Pugh, Edward, Sept. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 96th Ksgt. P. V., Oct. 18. 1864; veteran. Perky, John, Sept. 12, 1862; missing at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864. Eentz, John D., Oct. 6, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 96th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Rumberger, Heni-y, Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court- House, Va., May 10, 1864 ; trans, to Co. 6, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran, Rumberger, J., Sept. 30, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Rothenberger, Charles, Oct. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 23, 1863. Sunday, Albert, Oct. 23, 1861; prisoner from Nov. 19, 1863, to Oct. 1, 1864; disch. at exp. of term. Senger, Peter, Oct. 18, 1861 ; disch. on Burg, cei-tif. July 26, 1862. Strasser, William, Oct. 22, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 28, 1862. Strasser, Simon,- Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 29, 1862. Strasser, Joshua, Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 15, 1862. Seidell, Daniel H., Nov. 4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 8, 1862. Strasser, Abraham, Nov. 5, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 16, 1862. Sargert, McCoy, Sept. 23, 1861; killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Strasser, Elias, Oct. 14, 1861 ; died May 9, 1862. Sohmick, Elias, Oct. 3, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Stahl, Daniel, Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864 ; veteran. Stahl, Elias, Oct. 10, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 96th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Strasser, Israel, Oct. 22, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Cpurt-House, Va., May 10, 1864; trans, to Co. G, 96th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. SchoUenberger, J., Oct. 23, 1861; wounded at Spottsylvania Court- House, Va., May 10, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, 95th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864; veteran. Slick, Philip, Oct. 7, 1861 ; dropped from the rolls Oct. 17, 1862. Taylor, Charles W., Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 28, 1862. Treon, Frank, Sept. 30, 1861 ; killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Thompson, William, Sept. 23, 1861; died at Frederick, Md., Dec. 18, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, section 26, lot E, grave 480. Workman, Levi, Nov. 8, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. March 8, 1863. Weaver, Robert D., Sept. 20, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. 1862. Williams, David, Sept. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 96th Regt. P. V., Oct- 18, 1864; veteran. Williams, Samuel, Oct. 29, 1861 ; died at Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 17, 1862. Workman, Joseph, Sept. 23, 1861; captured; died June 9, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864 ; veteran. Workman, Frank, Feb. 22, 1864 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864 ; buried in Wilderness burial-grounds. Weigner, Henry, Oct. 1. 1861; wounded and captured at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864; veteran. Whitebread, Mark, Oct. 1, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 96th Regt. P. V., Oct. 18, 1864 ; veteran. Way, Joseph, Sept. 23, 1861. Woodford, Charles, March 14, 1864. CHAPTER XXVII. The War for the Union (continued)— One Hundred and First Regiment —Nine Months' Service: History of the One Hundred and Twenty- seventh, or Dauphin County Eegiment. ROLL OF COMPANY D, ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. BecniUed in Daivphin County for one year. Assigned March, 1865, to One Hundred and First Regiment Pennsylvcmia Volunteers. Captain. M. H. Winebrenner, March 22, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. First Lieutenant. Reuben S. Reed, March 22, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Second Lieutenant. Daniel Winters, March 22, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. First Sergeant. John S. Himes, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Sergeants. Nathan Posey, March 10, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Samuel Wise, March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. John B. Lingle, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. James Harry, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Corporals. D. S. Espenshade, March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Johu H. Martz, Feb. 25, 1865; must, out with compauy Juoe 25, 1865. Thomas Hiukle, March 7, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Elijah Stout, Feb. 25, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. George Newman, Feb. 21, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. William H. Moore, March 10, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Richard F. Epler, March 15, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Adam S. Rhoads, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Musicians. James P. Hippie, March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Valentine Baumback, March 10,1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Privates. Anthony, Aaron, March 16, 1865; must, out with compacy June 25, 1865. Brown, Edward F., March 14, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25. 1865. Bergner, Jacob, March 8, 1865; must, out with company Juno 25, 1865. Bear, James M., Feb. 9, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Brown, Andrew, March 4, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Behm, William, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Bortuott, John H., Feb. 21, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Behm, Christian, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company Jane 25, 1865. Brown, William H., Feb. 21, 1865; must, out with compauy June 25, 1865. Boyer, Thomas, March 7, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Brown, Henry J., March 10, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. May 10, 1865. Countryman, Adam, March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Copeland, Benjamin, Feb. 20, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Car), John M., Feb. 25, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Dibler, George W., March 8,1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Daugherty, James D., March 10, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Danner, Reuben B., March 8,1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Dean, Warren B., March 4, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Etzwiler, Samuel, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865, Fettrow, Daniel, March 16, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Gerbrich, Zachariah, March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Graff, William, March 10, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25,1865. Geiger, Allison, March 7, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 14, 1865. Hetrich, Henry, March 14, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. HuflFnagle, John H., March 14, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Hoyer, Henry, March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Hampton, Samuel, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865 ; burial record, died at Newberne, N. C, July 1, 1865 ; buried in National Cemetery, plot 7, grave 42. Howard, John H., March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Hamilton, John S., March 16, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. 202 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Houaer, Frederick, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company June 2.5, 1866. Hughes, William M., March 8, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1866. Hunt, James, March 7, 1865; must, out.with company June 25, 1866. Hughes, Thomas B., March 7, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1866. I Harron, Levi, Feb. 15, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Hcerner, Peter, March 10, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Hahn, James, April 12, 1865 ; must, out with company June 26, 1865. James, David, March 13, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1866. Kissinger, Jonas, March 8,1866; must, out with company June 25,1866. Krizer, Felix, March 8, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1866. Kurtz, Levi W., Feb. 9, 1866 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Keeney, Christopher, Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Kepner, William H., March 7, 1866 ; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Koontz, George, March 2, 1865; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Keenan, Torrence, March 1,1865; must, out with company June 25, 1866. Lindley, Lewis F., March 4, 1865. Miller, .Tohn H., March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1866. Maulfair, William L., March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Moran, Thomas, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1866. Miller, John, March 20, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Ney, Percival, March 7, 1866; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Peipher, IMichael, March 8, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Peters, John H., March 7, 1866 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Painter, Thomas, March lb, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Ramsey, Jacob, March 7, 1866 ; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Kamsey, "William, March 7, 1865 ; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Koop, Solomon, March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1866. Koop, Christian, March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Rhoads, Alexander A., Feb. 10, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Showers, Philip H., March 8, 1866 ; must, out with company June 25, 1866. Saul, Joseph S., March 7, 1865; must, out with company June 26,1865. Shney, John, March 16, 1865; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Shney, Adam, March 16, 1866; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Snyder, Christian F., Feb. 9, 1866 ; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Starr, William, Feb. 9, 1865 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Stout, Ferdinand, March 22, 1866; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Shipley, Squires, April 12, 1866; must, out with company June 26, 1866. Wertz, Henry, March 11, 1865; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Wilson, William A., March 20, 1866; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Winters, John, March 13, 1866 ; must, out with company June 25, 1866. Weirich, Jacob, March 10, 1866 ; must, out with company June 25, 1865. Wolford, John W., Feb. 10, 1865 ; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Wehn, George, March 1, 1866; must, out with company June 26, 1865. Watkine, Nathaniel, Feb. 18, 1865. Yengst, John, Feb. 21, 1866; must, out with company June 25, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. On the 7th of July, 1862, William W. Jennings, a citizen of Harrisburg, received authority to recruit a regiment for nine months' service. Seven companies, A, B, C, D, F, G, and H, were recruited in Dauphin County, Company E was recruited in Lebanon ; I, in Adams and Lebanon ; and K, in Lebanon and Schuyl- kill. The companies rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, when, on the 16th of August, a regimental organiza- tion was effected, with the following field-officers : William W. Jennings, colonel ; Henry C. Alleman, lieutenant-colonel ; Jeremiah Bohrer, major. Com- pany A was detached from the regiment soon after its organization by order of Gen. Wool, in command of the department, and assigned to provost duty in the city of Harrisburg. Just previous to the expiration of its term of service this company was ordered to Washington, but never rejoined the regiment. The remaining nine companies, eight hundred and sixty- nine strong, broke camp on the 17th and proceeded to Washington. The Peninsula campaign had termi- nate(^ disastrously, and the legions of Lee were mov- ing down upon Pope in the valley of Virginia. For ten days the regiment was encamped on Arlington Heights with other new regiments. It was brigaded with the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-eighth New Jersey, and the Twenty-seventh Connecticut, and on the 23d assigned to duty in guarding Chain Bridge, where it remained until the opening of winter, Col. Jennings commanding the brigade, and Lieut.-Col. Alleman the regiment. At the beginning of December, upon the eve of Burnside's movement upon Fredericksburg, Col. Jen- nings was ordered to proceed with his regiment to Falmouth, where he arrived on the 9th, and was as- signed to the Third Brigade,' of the Second Division, Second Corps. During the night of the 10th the engineers commenced laying pontoon bridges in front of the town, but before they were completed, the work- men were driven away by the enemy's sharpshooters, concealed in houses along the water's edge. Defeated in his first essay, Burnside ordered up his heavy guns, and opened upon the town. During the bombardment the regiment supported batteries, and when this failed of effect, Burnside called for volunteers to cross in boats and drive out the rebel sharpshooters. A party from Hall's brigade was chosen, among whom were members of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh, and leaping to the boats, and pulling lustily in the face of a shower of bullets, they succeeded in reach- ing the opposite shore. After a brief struggle the enemy was driven and the bridge was completed. Hall's brigade was the first to cross, and immediately commenced skirmishing to clear the town. Concealed in houses and coverts, from which they could fire with impunity upon the advancing troops, the rebels clung to their shelter, and by their unerring aim caused grievous slaughter. Capt. William Fox was the first man in the regiment hit, being instantly killed while crossing the river. Half of the town was thus skir- mished through, the enemy leaving the houses from 1 Organization of the Third Brigade, Col. Hall: Second DiTision, Gen. Howard; Second Corps, Gen. Couch ; Centre Grand Division, Gen. Sum- ner; Seventh Regiment Michigan Volunteers, Col. Norman J. Hall ; Nine- teenth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, Col. Arthur F. Devereux; Twentieth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, Ool. George N. Macy; Forty-second Regiment New York Volunteers, Col. James B. Mallon ; One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Ool. William W. Jennings ; Fifty-ninth Regiment New York Volunteers, Col. Max A. Thoman. GENERAL HISTORY. 203 one side as the Union troops were entering at tlie other^ when the brigade was ordered to halt and oc- cupy the ground gained, and the columns of Sumner commenced crossing. During the night of the 11th a sergeant and a squad of eleven men were captured and carried prisoners to Eichraond. A iierce fire of artillery was opened upon the town on the following morning, and the streets were torn by solid shot ; but the brigade held manfully to its work. At a little after hoon of the 18th, when repeated attempts to carry the heights in front of the town had failed, Owen's brigade, to which the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh was temporarily attached, was led to the assault. Moving out to the low, open ground to the left of the city, allthe while under a fierce fire of artillery in front, and a flank fire from a deflection in the hills to the right, Owen formed his men in line of battle, the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh on the left of the One Hundred and Sixth, and dashed forward to his desperate task. Braver hearts never beat than filled the bosoms of the men in that devoted line. Onward they went over the prostrate forms of the dead and the dying, and up to within seventy-five yards of the enemy's lines. But the storm of deadly missiles was here too terrible to breast, and they dropped prostrate upon the ground, and commenced screening themselves behind the dead bodies of their fallen comrades, with which the whole plain was strewn. To raise a head was instant death. In this perilous position the regiment lay for"hours, exposed to a pitiless fire of musketry and artillery, and until night had put an end to the contest, when it was re- lieved with the brigade, and returned to the town. At the conclusion of the battle it retired to its former camp beyond Falmouth. The loss in the engagement was very severe, being two hundred and fifty-seven killed and wounded. Capt. William Fox and Lieut. James S. Shoemaker were among the killed, and Col. Jennings, Lieut.-Col. Alleman, Adjt. A. L. Chayne, Capts. James Henderson and John J. Ball, and Lieuts. James B. Keene, Marcus Novinger, Hudson Denny, Jerome W. Henry, J. W. Dougherty, and William R. Orth, among the wounded, the latter mortally. The regiment was soon after settled in comfortable quarters, and was employed during the winter in picket and guard duty. On the 27th of April, at the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign, the Second Division, now commanded by Gen. Gibbon, moved out to the front of Fredericksburg, and having laid a pontoon bridge, crossed on the 3d of May. Gibbon was joined in the town by Sedgwick's corps, which had crossed below, and during the night had moved up to the city. An assaulting column was formed, and those frowning heights which had been so successfully defended by the enemy on the previous December were now triumphantly carried, prisoners, small -arms, and guns falling to the hands of the victors. Lieut.- Col. Alleman was wounded in the side and thrown from his horse. The enemy retreated towards Chan- cellorsville, and was closely followed by Sedgwick as far as Salem Church, where Lee, having turned back from Hooker's front, fell upon and crushed Sedgwick's corps, compelling it to withdraw to the left bank of the Rappahannock by Banks' Ford. In the mean time Gibbon, who had been left to hold Fredericks- burg, took position around the city, and commenced throwing up rifle-pits. With no barrier left to oppose him, the enemy pushed forward from his triumph over Sedgwick, and soon made his appearance in Gib- bon's front, where sharp skirmishing ensued. His position was held until the morning of the 4th, when, under cover of a dense fog, he recrossed the river. The loss of the regiment in the engagement was fifty- three killed and wounded. Lieut. Jacob R. Knisley was among the killed, and Lieuts. David Hummel, Jr., William P. Carmany, and J. W. Dougherty were among the wounded. The nine months' term of ser- vice of the regiment expired on the 14th, and in pursuance of orders it was relieved and returned to Harrisburg, where, two days thereafter, it was mus- tered out of service. During its brief term of duty at the front, of a little more than five months, it was engaged m two pitched battles unsurpassed in severity, and lost an aggregate of four oflicers and eighteen men killed, fourteen men who died of wounds, six- teen who died of disease, thirty-eight who were dis- charged by reason of disability, eleven who were cap- tured, ten ofiicers and one hundred and twenty-two men who were wounded, and three oflScers who re- signed. In General Orders No. 77, Brig.-Gen. Gibbons, com- manding the Second Division of the Second Corps, bears this testimony to the services of the One Hun- dred and Twenty -seventh Regiment : "Headquarters Second Division, Second Coeps. "Nbae Falmouth, Va., May 13, 1S63. " The adjutant-general's ofiQce having corrected the date at which the time of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers expires, and decided after representation made from the headquarters that the time expires on the 14th inst. instead of the 20th inst,, the regiment is hereby relieved from all duty with this army and will repair to Harrisburg, Pa,, there to be mustered out of service. In bidding farewell to this regiment the general commanding the division recalls with pride and satisfaction that although in it, as well as in sev- eral other regiments in the service, a difference of opinion has existed in regard to the expiration of the time of the men, this difference has never interfered with their duty as soldiers, and they can now return to their homes with the proud consciousness of duty well and faithfully performed. Tour comrades will be glad to welcome you back to their ranks, '* By command of Brig.-Gen. Gibbons, "J, P. Woo^, " Captain and Assistant Adjutant-General.^^ EOLL OF ONE HUNDEED AND TWENTT-SETBNTH EEGIMENT PBNNSYLTANIA VOLUNTEEES. Field and Staff Officers, Colonel. William W.Jennings, Aug, 6, 1862 ; pro, from capt, Co. F Aug. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with regt. May 29, 1863. lAettienant- Colonel. Henry C. Alleman, Aug, 9, 1862 ; pro, from capt, Co. D Aug, 16, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va,, Dec. 13, 1862, and at Chancellors- ville May 3, 1863 ; must, out with regt. May 29, 1863. 204 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Major, Jeremiah Bohrer, Aug. 14, 1862; pro. from capt. Co. H Aug. 16, 1862; disch. June 2, 1863. Augustus L. Chayne, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. B Oct. 13, 1862 ; must, out with regt. May 29, 1863. Quartermaiters. Frederick E. Gilbert, Sept. 16, 1862 ; res. Sept. 12, 1862. John r. Orth, Aug. 16, 1862 ; pro. from adjt. Oct. 13, 1862 ; must, out with regt. May 29, 1863. Surgeons, James R. Keily, Sept. 4, 1862 ; trans, to 179th Begt. P. V. Jan. 1, 1863. E. H. Horner, Aug. 15, 1862 ; pro. from asst. surg. Feb. 24, 1863 ; must, out with regt. May 29, 1863. AsEWtant Surgeon. Jacob H. Vastine, Aug. 15, 1862 ; disch. June 8, 1863. Oh/tplam. John 0. Gregg, Aug. 20, 1862 ; must, out with regt. May 29, 1863. Charles H. Small, July 31, 1862; pro. from private Co. F Aug. 18, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out witli regt. May 29, 1863. Commissary Sergeant. Clement B. Care, Aug. 8, 1862; pro. from private Co. B Aug. 26, 1862; must, out with regt. May 29, 1863 QuariermastPr Sergeant, David Campbell, Aug. 12, 1862; pro. from private Co. H Dec. 1,1862; muBt. out with regt. May 29, 1863. MospUal Steward, Wafihington P. Ogleaby, Aug. 8, 1862 ; pro. from private Co. B Aug. 26, 1862; must, out with regt. May 29, 1862. Company A. HecruUed in Dauphin Gmunty, Captain. F. Asbury Awl, Aug. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. First lAeutenant, John S. Bitzer, July 30, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Second JJieutenant, John T. Ensminger, Aug. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 8,1863. First Sergeant. Thomas F. Maloney, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Sergeants, Charles H. Babb, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Peter Fitzpatrick, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. LaBue Lemer, July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. William J. Adams, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Corporals, Simon Grata, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. George W. Bence, July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. John Bell, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863, J. Mantelle Thomas, July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Louis F. Zollinger, July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8,1863. John H. Sweeney, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Osceola Dougherty, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Joseph J. Pilkay, Aug. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Musicians. William H. Wheeler, July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. John C. Wheeler, July 30, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Privates. Atticks, Oliver, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Balthnser, Edward, July 1!6, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Beiuhauer, David, July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Beinhauer, Peter, July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Bernheisel, J. H., July 30, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Bordner, William H., Aug. 2, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Brandt, John B., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Brown, Charles E., July 26, 1862. Carberry, William H., Aug. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Cash, Mark T., Aug. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Charles, Carrol C, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Chester, Louis P., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Chester, Luther K., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May S, 1863. Cook, Henry H., July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Core, John, July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Gulp, James D., Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Clendennin, F. C, July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 8. 1863. Dailey, Benjamin E., July 30, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Day, Peter, July 28, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Demming, Henry C, July 26,1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Denning, Samuel A., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Ditty, William H., Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Demars, Cornelius K., July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Ewing, Wilbur F., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Fagan, William H., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Fenn, George W., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Fisher, Charles, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Fought, J. Edward, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Garman, Samuel G., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Gilchrist, H. J., July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Gowan, Thaddeus T., July 29,1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Gross, Wendell, Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Hamill, Samuel M., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Hautch, Walter E., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Heicher, Ira D., July 29, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Heller, George W., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Hippie, William H., July 29, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Hoffman, 0. B., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Hosan, Henry, Aug. 2, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Hoy, Francis H., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Hyers, George A., Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Jack, Joseph L., July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Jones, Lemuel M., July 22, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Lehman, Christian, July 29, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863, Loy, Albert, July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. McGlain, Theodore, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. McClure, John, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. McCurdy, Robert, July 29, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. McGowan, George W., July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. McManus, William H., July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. JMachlin, John W., July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Marquett, John A., Aug. 6, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Miller, Samuel C, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Maier, Christian, July 26, 1862. Miller, John P., July 29, 1862. Olewine, Albert, July 28, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Olewiue, George, July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Olsen, John S., Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Pathamore, Matthias, July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Patterson, Levi A., Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Pipher, Henry, July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Redifer, William S., Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863, Reed, John P., July 25, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863, Beinhold, Henry L., Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. GENERAL HISTORY. 205 Rhodes, Joseph E., July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Kudy, Jonas, July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Baudbaugh, George H., July 26, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 10, 1863. Rudolph, John, Aug. 1, 1862. Sample, Alexander M., July 2S, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Sandles, William A., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Scheffer, B. Frank, July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Shuman, Luke, July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Snoddy, John, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Suyder, George N., July 28, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Swavtz, John A., July 26, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Swopo, Andrew C, July 22, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Vaughn, Robert V., July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Wanger, Henry H., July 29, 1862; must, out with company May 5, 1863. Whiteside, J. Elton, Aug. 5, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Windsor, Jesse, July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Yingst, Frederick W., July 26, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Ziegler, Francis A., Aug. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Zimmerman, J. K., Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out with company May 8, 1863. Company B. RecruUed m Dawphm Comdy, Ca/ptain. J. Wesley Awl, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Firet Lieutenant. Albert J. Fager, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Second Lieutenant, William McOarrolI, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. First Sergeant. Robert F. Bell, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. George P. Chandler, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jacob Groff, Aug. 8, 1862 ; pro. from Corp. Oct. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1868. William D. Carson, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from corp. Oct. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. John M. Hynicka, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. to Corp. Oct. 13, 1862 ; to sergt. Nov. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. William H. Hyers, Aug. 8, 1862; disch. by S. 0. Oct. 14, 1862. Cor^oralB. John McComos, Aug. 8, 1862; pro. to Corp. Oct. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. David C. Martin, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863; William G. Miller, Aug. 8, 1862 ; wounded [and missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 4, 1863. ' William Gettys, Aug. 8, 1862; pro. to corp. Jan. 30, 1863; must, out with company May 29, 1863. David G. Stoufer, Aug. 8, 1862; pro. to corp. Oct. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. John Rhoadee, Aug. 8, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. William R. Rapp, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Patrick Finnegan, Aug. 8, 1862; disch. May 9, 1863, at exp. of term. Samuel F. Wireman, Aug. 8,1862; pro. to corp. Oct. 13, 1862; died at Washington, D. C, Jan. 30, 1863, of wounds reCeived at Freder- icksburg, Va., Dec. 13rl862; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. Musiciana. Edward W. Glover, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with coqipany May 29, 1863. Mordecai Felix, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Frivaies. Bell, John Y., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bender, Jacob M., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bernhisel, John, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bleyer, Abraham, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Buck, David, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Burnite, David C, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29,1863. Buck, David J., Aug. 8, 1862; accidentally killed Oct. 1, 1862. Case, William, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Caselow, John H., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Chaffinch, Samuel E., Aug. 8, 1862 : wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Creamer, Charles, Aug. 9, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out witli company May 29, 1863. Creamer, John, Aug. 8, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; disch. May 9, 1863, at exp. of term. Care, Clement B., Aug. 8, 1862; pro. to com.-sergt. Aug. 26, 1862. Davis. John W., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Davis, Joseph, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Dickey, Harry, Aug. 8, 1862: must, out with company May 29, 1863. DeHaven, WilUam H., Aug. 8, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 16, 1863. Eisely, Thomas J., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Enger, Joseph, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Faster, Daniel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded iit Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Forney, John C, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Frank, Charles, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gardner, Peter, Aug. 8, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gray, William M., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hants, lioldeman, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 28, 1863. Hanning, John H., Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hobbs, WilUam P. H., Aug. 8, 1862; must out with company May 29, 1863. Horning, John H., Aug. 8, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hooker, Martin, Aug. 8, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 14, 1863. Jack, James A., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. JohnsoD, William H., Aug. 8, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 29, 1863. Kissel, Solomon B., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kerper, John F., Aug. 8, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Krider, Frank, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lamm, Andie, Aug. 8, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1863 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Luaman, Nathaniel, Aug. 8, 1862; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lebo, John, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lebo, John R., Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lemen, John B., Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lescure, Edward P., Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Loy, Christian, Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Maddock, Thomas, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Mather, Francis R., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Megaughey, Theodore, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Meredith, Boss, Jr., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Myers, Marcus, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Miles, George W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Miller, John H., Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Miller, John W., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Mytinger, John, Aug. 8, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. ' Neuer, George H., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out i\ith company May 29, 1863. Oglesby, Joseph J., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with-compauy May 29, 1863. Orth, John, Aug. 8, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Oglesby, Washington P., Aug. 8, 1862 ; pro. to hosp. steward Aug. 26, 1863. Parsons, LeRoy, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Pray, George K., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Proebst, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. 206 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Qnigley, Albert S., Aug. 8, 1862; wounded at Frederictoburg, Va-jDec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Reel, Adam, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bitner, John, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Rogers, Charles M., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Rudy, Darius E., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Rupp, Jacob, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Saul, Joseph M., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sawyer, John W., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Seltzer, Peter E., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Shiffler, John, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Shoop, Barney J., Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Shriver, Cornelius, Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Siders, John W., Aug. 8, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Deo. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Smith, Jacob, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29,' 1863. Suydam, Charles A., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Stetzel, David, Aug. 8, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Not. 20, 1862. SoUers, Charles H., Aug. 8, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. March 26, 1863. Segoer, Aaron, Aug. 9, 1862; disch. May 7, 1863, at exp. of term. Thomas, Theodore G., Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Trout, John F., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Vandivor, Jesse M., Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Tarnick, Charles R., Aug. 8, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Waggoner, "W. H., Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Walters, George L., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Walters, David, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Wennel, William H., Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Company C. Recruited m Bawpliin County. James Henderson, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec, 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, I First Lieutenants. Christian A. Nissley, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. to capt. Co. I Oct. 13, 1862. William B. Orth, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Oct. 13, 1862 ; died Feb. 23, 1863, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Charles D, Wise, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Oct 13, 1862; to iBt lieut. Feb. 24, 1863 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Second Lieutenmits. David Hummel, Jr., Aug. 9, 1 862 ; pro. from sergt. to Ist sergt. Oct. 13, 1862 ; to 2d lieut. Feb. 24, 1863 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. First Sergeant. Henry Bowman, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from sergt, Feb, 24, 1863 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sergeants. Jacob Dontrich, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Levi F. Landis, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. George F. Greenawalt, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. from corp. Feb. 24, 1863 ; must. out with company May 29, 1863. Samuel Greenawalt, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from private Oct. 13, 1862 ; must. out with company May 29, 1863. Corporals. William H. D. Grotfe, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. George Buser, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. John Bale, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, John Ellinger, Aug. 9,1862; pro. to corp. Nov. 7, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Jonathan Gramm, Aug, 9, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. Nov. 7, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Amos Enser^ Aug, 9, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Feb, 24, 1863 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. BufusE. Shapley, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. to corp. Oct. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. G. W. Shellehamer, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. to corp, Jan. 7, 1863; muBt. out with company May 20, 1863. George H. Bowman, Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 7, 1863. Musicians. Joseph B. F. Hummel, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Christian Hummel, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Privates. Alleman, Isaac, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. AUeman, Jacob, Oct. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Baum, Abram, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Brubaker, David, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec, 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Blessing, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Beinhower, Adam, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Baer, Andrew, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Blyer, Henry H., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Books, George W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 22, 1863. Cailey, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Curry, John H., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Cammel, James, Aug, 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Conrad, Samuel P., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Conrad, John B., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Curry, Joseph, Aug. 9, 1862; disch. Oct. 24, 1862. Demmy, David, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Demmy, Levi, Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Etter, Philip W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Elser, William, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Eisenhour,Elias, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Ellinger, George W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Early, Thomas, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Ebersole, Martin, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Farnsler, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Fox, Grafton, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29,1863, Forrer, Christian L., Aug. 9, 1862 ; died Nov. 1, 1862. Gramm, Samuel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Grundon, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gramm, Frederick, Aug, 9, 1862 ; died at Harrisburg, Pa„ Nov. 8, 1862, Houser, Frederick, Aug, 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Heintz, George, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Hummel, Daniel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hess, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hoover, Henry, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Henderson, John W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Heck, Joshua, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Heicher, LeviF., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29,1863. Hummel, Alexander, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hoerner, George W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hamberg, George C, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Heckamer, George W., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hummel, Solomon, Aug, 9, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va. ; disch. March 28, 1863. Hoover, Isaac H., Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 17, 1863. Killwell, John g., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kerr, Joseph, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kriser, Joseph, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Kissel, Henry, Aug, 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. ' Kurtz, Cyrus, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29^ ises! Longenstine, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Vb. . Dec 13. 1862. GENERAL HISTORY. 207 Minnich, Samuel, Aug. 9, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Manning, James, Aug. 9, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Matlack, Reuben, Jr., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Moser, Henry, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Marquart, Malone, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Manning, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; died March 9, 1863. Micliael, William, Aug. 9, 1862; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Deo. 13, 1862. McOloud, Frederick, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Parthamore, George, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Painter, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bauch, William M., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kuth, Jacob K., must, out with company May 29, 1863. Spotts, Israel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 18G3. Sanders, William, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Shaffer, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Spidel, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Slesser, Christian H., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Spade, William H., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Stickler, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Saltzer, James B., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Spring, Henry, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Smeltzer, William, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Splttler, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Stoner, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Tennis, Samuel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Witmer, Eli, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Wolf, George P., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Wagoner, John H., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Yingst, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Company D. Captains. Henry C. Alleman, Aug. 9, 1862; promoted to lieut.-col. Aug. 16, 1862. Eufus E. Cable, Aug. 9, 1S62 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Aug. 19, 1862 ; res. Nov. 29, 1862. James B. Keene, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. Oct. 12, 1862 ; to capt. Dec. 1, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Deo. 13, 1862; must, out ^ith company May 29, 1863. First Lieutenants. Joshua M. Weistling, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Aug. 19, 1862; res. Oct. i, 1862. Augustus L. Chayne, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Aug. 19, 1862; to 1st lieut. and adjt. Oct. 13, 1862. ■ William B. Osman, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. to Ist sergt. Aug. 19, 1862 ; to 1st lieut. Oct. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Second Lieutencmt. Marcus Novinger, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. Dec. 1, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 2^1863. First Sergeant. Luther Fisler, pro. from corp. to sergt. Aug. 19, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. Dec. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jesse Oren, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. William J. Putt, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. from corp. Oct. 23, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. John C. Eckerd, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. from corp. Dec. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Charles B. Hummel, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. from corp. Dec. 1, 1862; died at Washington, D. C, May 8, of wounds received at ChancellorsTille, Va., May 3, 1863 ; buried in Mt. Kalma Cemetery, Harrisburg, Pa. Corporals. James L. Pell, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. George W. Locher, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Thomas G. Williamson, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 14, 1863; must. out with company May 29, 1863. Henry Lebo, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. William Yeager, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. to corp. April 1, 1863 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Wesley Steever, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 1, 1862; wounded at • Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. David B. Workman, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. to corp. Dec. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. S. A. Kutherford, Aug. 9, 1862; pro, to corp. Aug. 19, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Musicians. John W. Hoffman, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. George W. Krause, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Privates. Atkins, Robert, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Anderson, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Anderson, Thompson, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bidding, Henry, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Boylin, James, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Boales, John, Aug. 9,1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Ya., Dec. 13, 1862; must. out with company May 29,1863. Bomgardner, David, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Behm, Daniel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bitterman, Thomas H., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Brambaugh, James A., Aug. 9, 1862 ; died at Washington, D. C, Dec. 1, 1862 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. Carrichner, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Douglass, Alex., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Ditry, Conrad, Aug. 9, 1862 : must, out with company May 29, 1863. Dressel, Ned., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Doubert, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Emig, Adam, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Felty, Joshua B., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Frank, Henry, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Fisher, William, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Foster, Benjamin B., Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. on Burg, certif April 27, 1863. Feindt, Frantz, Aug. 9. 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 6, 1863. Good, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gallagher, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hildebrandt, Th.iddeus, Aug. 9, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with compauV May 29, 1863. Heim, Levi, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Heilhecker, Louis, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Heckert, Frederick, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hoffman, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Harper, James A., Aug. 9, 1862 ; died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 11 , 1862 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Jury, Daniel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kenerk, Michael, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Klingler, John, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Klapp, Henry, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Keener, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lupard, William L., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lupard, Joseph J., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lane, Moses, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lehman, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lehman, Emanuel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Leiser, Wilhelm, Aug. 9, 1862; disch. on surg. certif Feb. 26, 1863. Lentz, John, Aug. 9, 1862; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Leitzel, Ellis, Aug. 9, 1862; died Dec. 17 (burial record Dec. 26), of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. 0. Moltz, John J., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Michaels, Lorenzo, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Miller, Joseph, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Myers, John E., Aug. 9, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. 208 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Miller, John W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; muat. out with company May 29, 1863. Mesauer, David, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Matter, Peter, Aug. 2, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Martz, Henry A., Aug. 2, 1862; must, out with company May 29,1863. McCarroll, Charles, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Mcradden, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Poist, George W., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Polm, Michael, Aug. 9, 1862; wounded at Ohancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Poticher, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Patterson, John R., Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. j 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Potiger, Jonathan, Aug. 9, 1 862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Potiger, Daniel, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Pyett, James, Aug. 9, 1862. Rice, Edward, Aug. 9; 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Reinhart, Ephraim, Aug. 9, 1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862, Richner, John, Aug. 9, 1862. Sneeder, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Shepler, Uriah, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Steel, Joseph, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Smoke, Jacob, Aug. 9, 1862; muat. out with company May 29, 1863. Seig, Samuel, Aug. 9, 1862; must! out with company May 29, 1863. Seig, Peter, Aug. 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Timminy, Chas. L., Aug. 9, 1862 ; muat. out with company May 29, 1863. Uhler, George, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Urich, Benjamin, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Umholtz, Isaac, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Updegrove, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Walmer, Noah A,, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Witman, John B., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Witman,Franklin, Aug, 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29,1863, Yelkey, Charles, Aug. 9, 1862; muat. out with company May 29, 1863. Zitch, Moses, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. COMPAMY E. Recruited m Lebanon Cotmiy. Captain. L. L. Greenawalt, Aug. 14, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. liret I/ieutenant. William P. Carmany, Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Ohancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Second Lieutenant. Joseph A. Bowman, Aug. 14, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. First Sergeant. Jacob J. Stein, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sergeant. John C. Brooks, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Corporals. John P. Kochle, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jefferson B. Light, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Franklin P. AUwein, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lemuel Moyer, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Adam Carmany, Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded and missing in action at Fred- ericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. John Reinoehl, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. David S. George, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Reuben Henry, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Samuel P. Raber, Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 29, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. John Kleiser, Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 29, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Samuel H. Bentz, Aug. 13, 1862; pro. to corp. March 8, 1863; must, out with company May 29, 1863. John L. Schuler, Aug. 13, 1862; disch. on aurg. certif. Feb. 28, 1863, Musicians. Blias Buck, Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. to musician Sept. 29, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Philip L. Straw, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Privates. Albright, Henry, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Albert, John N., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Arnold, Anthony S., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29» 1863. Barry, Henry A., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bender, Reuben, Aug. 13, 1862; muat. out with company May 29, 1863. Bomberger, John K., Aug, 13,1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Boyle, John, Aug. 13, 1862; muat. out with company May 29, 1863. Brandt, Isaac, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Brooks, George T., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with compauy May 29, 1863. Brown, Henry A., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Burd, Levi, Aug, 13, 3862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Byle, Franklin, Aug. 15, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bomberger, Edwin, Aug. 13, 1862; disch. March 25, 1863, for wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862, Capp, Levi, Aug. 15, 1862; muat. out with company May 29, 1863. Carpenter, Aaron S., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29^ 1863. Darkes, Tobias, Aiig, 13, 1862 ; accidentally wounded Dec. 12, 1862 ; must. out with company May 29, 1863, Deininger, Jerome B,, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29^ 1863. Dutter, Henry S., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Eby, Peter, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Fisher, Josiah, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Forster, Howard, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Frantz, Charles S., Aug. 13, 1862 ; diach. on surg. certif. March 31, 1863, Garrett, Daniel M., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gasser, Cyrus M., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gatea, James, Aug, 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. George, Cyrus S., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gerberich, Edward W., Aug. 15, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29,. 1863. Gerhard, John P., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gilbert, Ephraim 0., Aug, 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29,. 1863. Groff, John Philip, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29,; 1863. Grose, John H., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out vrith compauy May 29, 1863. Guilford, Simeon H., Aug. 13,1862; must, out with company May 29,. 1863. Gerberich, Allen D., Aug. 13, 1862; died Nov. 3, 1863. Haage, Frederick, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hanson, Hans P., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Harmon, William F., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29,. 1863, Hauck, Samuel, Jr., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hess, George W., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863.. Hunsicker, John, Aug. 13, 1862; muat, out with company May 29, 1863. Kieffer, Daniel 0., Aug. 15, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Keller, William, Aug. 15, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Keller, Harrison, Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kleeman, Johu, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kochle, Charles, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kreider, Reuben, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kreider, Uriah, Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., §ec. 13,. 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kurtz, John M., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lantz, Cyrus, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Light, Asaph S., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Lobe, John H., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Miller, Andrew S., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863- Miller, David W., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Mutch, John G., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Moyer, William. Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. McNair, Franklin L., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29 1863. McNight, Philip, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Patachke, Charles F., Aug. 13, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.j, Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. GENERAL HISTORY. 209 Peffly, Jacob, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Peters, Samuel, Jr., Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, ■Va.,Dec. 13, 1862 ; absent, in liospital, at muster out. Beinoehl, David C, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Redman, Henry, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Eise, Jacob L., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. KobesOD, Augustus, Aug. 15, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Rise, George D., Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Prederlclisburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. April 9, 1863. Sohuler, Jacob T., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Seltzer, John K,, Aug. 13, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out witli company May 29, 1863. Shank, Samuel, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sherer, Justus, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sherk, 0. Penrose, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Shepps, Nicholas A., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Shirk, Samuel S., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sugar, Baltzar, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Smith, Jacob F., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Spangler, John B., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Strickler, Peter G., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Smith, John, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Thome, Charles V., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Uhler, John 0., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Umberger, John P., Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Ta., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Zimmerman, Joseph, Aug. 13, 1862 ; died Jan. 8, 1863, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Cceptains. William W. Jennings, Aug. 6, 1862 ; pro. to col. Aug. 16, 1862. W. H. H. Hummel, Aug. 6, 1862 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Aug. 19, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. First Lieutenant. John T. Morgan, Aug. 6, 1862 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Aug. 19, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Second Lieutenant. Thomas 6. Sample, Aug. 6, 1862 ; pro. from Ist sergt. Aug. 19, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. First Sergeant. Andrew Santo, Aug. 4, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. Aug. 19, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sergeants. John McWilliams, July 31, 1862 ; pro. from private Aug. 6, 1862 ; must. out with company May 29, 1863. Thomas G. Smith, Aug. 5, 1862 ; pro. from Corp. Aug. 14, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Alexander McOormiok, July 31, 1862 ; pro. from corp. Dec. 14, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. W. J. Maglauchlin, Aug. 5, 1862 ; pro. from corp. Aug. 19, 1862 ; must. out with company May 29, 1863. William W. Reed, Aug. 2, 1862 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Co. I Dec. 14, 1862. Corporah. P. A. Campbell, Aug. 2, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. James Ii. Shauklin, Aug. 2, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. Dec. 24, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Abram Kupply, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Daniel K Martin, Aug. 5, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Isaac McConnell, Aug. 4, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. 0. F. Shamberger, July 31, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Ellis D. Powell, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. William C. Knighton, July 31, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. March 14, 1863 ; must. out with compfiny May 29, 1863. 14 Musicians. Irvine S. Boas, Aug. 4, 1862 ; must, out with compaDy May 29, 1863. William A. Krauae, July 31, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 17, 1862. Privatea. Abie, Jacob, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Albright, John, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. AlberBon, George W., July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Antes, Emery J., Aug. 5, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Armstrong, James G., Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Able, William, Aug. 5, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Doc. 12, 1862. Buchanan, Porter, July 31,1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bingamon, Abuer, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bowsman, George W., July 31, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must out with company May 29, 1863. Burke, David, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Brown, William, July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bettleyoun, Emauuel, July 31, 1862; killed at Fredericksburg, Va.,Dec. 13, 1862. Brown, George, July 31, 1862. Carpenter, Jacob, Aug. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Colyer, John W., Aug, 2, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec, 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Conklin, George H., Aug. 5, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Corl, George V., Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Crandill, Edwin, Aug. 4, 1862 ; died Dec. 23, of wounds received at Fred- ericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Gumminga, John H., Aug. 2, 1862. Dean, George H,, Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. DeHaven, John, Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Donahower, John F., July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Donnelly, John A., July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Dunlap, Samuel B., July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Dunlap, James G., Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Elliott, James A., July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Fanning, Kobert G., Aug. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Forster, Thomas, Aug. 2, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Forster, James, Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Floyd, James B. , Aug, 6, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 13, 1863, for wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Gilman, Jacob P., Aug. 4, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gross, John, Aug. 2, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hebeison, Jacob, Aug. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hebei^n, John, Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Heck, William M., Aug.;4, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Heck, Andrew J., Aug. 4, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Henry, William H., July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hill, Alexander T., July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 29,1863. Hogan, James, Aug. 1, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Houser, William, Aug. 4, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. ■ Hughes, Matthew, Aug. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hunter, John D., Aug. 2, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hoover, Benjamin, Aug. 5, 1862 ; died of wounds received at Fredericks- burg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. HiUyer, Henry, Aug. 2, 1862 ; died at Harrisburg, Pa., Aug. 11, 1862. Irvine, James B., July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jones, Richard, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jones, Horace B., Aug. 2, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kline, Jacob, Aug. 2, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kelley, James F. P., Aug. 5, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 27, 1863. Lloyd, Garrett, July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lucker, Edward, Aug. 1, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Martin, William H., Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Maglaughlin, Jacob J., Aug. 5, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. I Meyer, Frantz, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, 210 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN, COUNTY. Miley, John H., July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Minich, Henry, July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Mitchell, Joseph J., Aug. 4, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Montgomery, J., Sr., Aug. 2, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Manikowski, W. V., July 31, 1862; disoh. on surg. certif. Dec. 27, 1862. McGowan, Henry, Jr., Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Foist, Jacoh, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Piatt, Levi, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Rohrer, Abner, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bowlaud, Robert B., Aug. 2, 1862 ; must out with company May 29, 1863. Buttei', Jacob, Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. SwartK, Martin, July 31, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, "Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Santo, John D., July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sanders, Emanuel B., July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sheafer, Warren J., Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. tSloan, David, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sollers, James W., July 31, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Stephens, Dennis, July 31, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Ta,, Dec. 15, 1862; must out with company May 29, 1863. Swartz, Andrew, July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Small, Charles H., July 31, 1862 ; pro. sergeant-major Aug. 18, 1862. Schroder, Frantz, July 31, 1862. Shafer, Henry, July 31, 1862. Utzs, John S., Aug. 4, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Weber, Henry, July 31, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1883. Wells, Samuel, July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Winebrenner, M. H., Aug. 4, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Youse, Henry, July 31, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Zarker, John B., Aug. 4, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Company G. BecruUed in Dawphin County. Captain. John J. Ball, Aug. 10, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Deo. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1S63. First Lieutenant. George Hynicka, Aug. 10, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Second Lieutenant. Hudson Denny, Aug. 10, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1862. First Sergeant. Samuel Eberly, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sergeants. Clifton W. Kimball, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Thomas J. White, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Henry Davis, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jacob J. Hinkle, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must out with company May 29, 1863. CorporaU. John B. Walter, Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. John Gulp, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. George Sininger, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Henry Swartz, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. William H. Cain, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Andrew M. Kerr, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. January 12, 1863 ; must. out with company May 29, 1863. John J. Humphries, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. Oct. 16, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. James H. Campbell, Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. to corp. April 30, 1863 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. J. William Bush, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. James A. Drain, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Privates. Bechtel, William, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Brightbill, David .T,, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Boyer, George H., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Burris, Samuel, Aug. 9, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 31, 1863. Benard, Aaron A., Aug, 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13; ,1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 19, 1863. Carson, Franklin, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Cole, Timothy, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Chambers, Joseph P., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Cole, Samuel S., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Cotteral, John, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Connelly, James, Aug. 9, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. March 14, 1863. Cushman, Henry, Aug. 9, 1862; trans, to Fourth Regiment Ohio Volun- teers March 28, 1863. DehufT, Henry G., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Fink, Simon C, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksbflrg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gable, Charles H. A., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must. out. with company May 29, 1863. Grant, Edward 0., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863 Goldsmith, Henry, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29,1863. Gibbs, Edward, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Graves, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Gardner, Charles E., Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 24, 1863. Gilmore, Robert, Aug. 9, 1862 ; discb. on surg. certif. April 3, 1863. Hill, George N., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hoffman, David B., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Herman, John, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Irvine, James, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jones, Enoch B., Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jones, James, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kerr, James, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kerr, William, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kingport, Abraham B., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kelsey, Melvin P., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Kenney, William A., Aug. 9, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 20, 1862. Lovell, Melvin N., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Morris, William, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Mannas, Michael, Aug. 9, ] 862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Michael, William, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Morton, John B., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Mulverhill, Michael, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Morse, John W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Moughan, Michael, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. McDermott, John, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. McKee, Andrew J., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. McGinnett, John W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Pearson, William Lyie, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Pritz, Benjamin B.,Aug. 9, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Page, Daniel A., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Pugh, William, Aug. 9, 1862; trans. Aug. 16, 1862, organization un- known. Redifer, Samuel, Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Rotherick, Henry, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Snyder, Marcus, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Seidle, Samuel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Deo. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Styer, James, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Spahr, Levi, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Stemberger, Daniel, Aug. 9,1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sanders, John W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Sergent, Charies W., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Snyder, William, Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Snavely, Martin W., Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. GENEKAL HISTORY. 211 Southwick, James W., Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Ta., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Shartzer, John, Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch, on surg. certif. Feb. 23, 1863. Simmers, Robert, Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 25, 1863. Sober, Bernard, Aug. 9, 1862 ; died at Washington, D. 0., Sept. 28, 1862. Sehrt, James C, Aug. 9, 1862. Weitzel, Columbus, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Wingert, Salmon M., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Worley, Philip B., Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Wallower, Daniel, Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Walter, Thomas, Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Company H. Cceptams. Jeremiah Rohrer, Aug. 14, 1862 ; pro. to major Aug. 19, 1862. John K. Shott, Aug. 14, 1862 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Aug. 19, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. First Lieutenant, Isaiah Willis, Aug. 14, 1862; pro. fronii 2d lieut. Aug. 19, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Second Lieutenants. James B. Schreiner, Aug. 14, 1862 ; pro. from private Aug. 19, 1862 ; res. March 7, 1863. Jacob B. Kinsley, Aug. 12, 1862 ; pro. from 1st sergt. March 7, 1863 ; died May 15, of wounds received at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. First Sergeant. David Hyde, Aug. 12, 1862 ; pro, from sergt. March 7, 1863; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bergecmts, Solomon Cover, Aug. 13, 1862 ; captured at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Francis J. Binehart, Aug. 12, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862 ; pro. from private March 7, 1863 ; must, out with com- pany May 29, 1863. William E. ShaSer, Aug, 12, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Caleb H. Roe, Aug. 12, 1862; pro. from private Jan. 1,1863; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Corporals. Leander Sanders, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. John P. Kleis, Aug, 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Henry Willis, Aug. 12, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, John W. Klineline, Aug, 12, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Abraham F. Brinser, Aug. 12, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. David Fisher, Aug, 12, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Robert C. Lowman, Aug, 12, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. James G. Davis, Aug. 12, 1862 ; disch. on surg, certif. Feb. 6, 1863. Frank A. Shott, Aug. 12, 1862; died Nov. 10, 1862. Mtmciims. Heniy Hippie, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Valentine Euth, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. JPrivates. Ackerman, Ansil, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Airgood, Paul, Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Atherton, Alonzo, Aug. 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Arnold, Jonas S., Aug. 12, 1862; died Dec. 22, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Beck, William V., Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Bancus, Henry, Aug. 12, 1862 ; captured at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Bretz, Elias Jacob, Aug, 12, 1862 ; captured at Fredericksburg, Va,, Dec. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Bretz, Benjamin F., Aug. 13,1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Brown, Andrew, Aug, 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Bear, John, Aug, 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Burns, John, Aug. 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Banzhoff, Henry, Aug, 12, 1862 ; must out with company May 29, 1863, Brandt, Benjamin, Aug, 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Beachler, Jacob, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Brown, Henry J., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Brinzer, John, Aug. 12, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 22, 1863, Bretz, Daniel, Aug, 13, 1862 ; died Dec. 31, 1862. Campbell, Alexander, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Cramer, John, Aug. 12, 1862 ; captured at Fredericksburg, Va,, Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Coble, Solomon, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Crick, Frank, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Campbell, David, Aug. 12, 1862 ; pro. to q,m,-sergt, Dec, 1, 1862. Davis, Jacob, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. David, TheophiluB, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Detwiler, Jacob, Aug. 12, 1862 ; died at Washington, D. C, Nov. 16, 1862. Epler, Kichard, Aug, 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Fratz, William, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Fitzpatrick, Thomas, Aug. 13, 1862; captured at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec, 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hoover, Isaac W., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hickernell, Robert, Aug. 12, 1862 ; captured at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Hickernell, David L., Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Houser, Jacob R., Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Herold, Leonard, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Irely, Samuel, Aug, 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Irely, John, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. James, David, Aug, 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jenkins, Henry S,, Aug, 12, 1862 ; captured at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Jones, James, Aug, 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Koehler, Charles, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Keyser, Jacob, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Lutz, William, Aug. 12, 1862 ; captured at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Laughman, Daniel, Aug. 12, 1862; disch, on surg, certif, Dec, 30, 1862. Miller, James, Sept. 16, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Murphy, Robert, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Manybeck, Amos, Aug, 12, 1862 ; disch, on surg. certif. Oct. 16, 1862. Miller, John, Aug, 12, 1862. McBarron, William, Aug. 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. McNeal, George, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. McBarron, John, Aug. 12, 1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va,, Dec. 13, 1862, Null, Jacob S,, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Osman, John B., Aug. 12, 1862 ; died April 6, 1863, Phillips, William, Aug. 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Rnhl, Wilhelm, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Rehrer, Nicholas, Aug. 12, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Rittersback, Jacob, Aug. 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Ramsey, Charles J,, Aug, 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Reed, John, Aug. 12, 1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va , Dec. 13, 1862. Schreiner, Henry J., Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Stipe, Andrew J., Aug. 12, 1862; captured at Fredericksburg, Va-, Dec. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Stipe, Andrew, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Stipe, Jackson, Aug, 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Sheetz, John H,, Aug, 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Shaffer, Isaac H,, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Snyder, Joseph H., Aug. 12, 1 862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Snyder, Samuel, Aug. 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Siple, William, Aug. 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Suavely, John W,, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Swords, William, Aug. 12, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.^ 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Singer, Philip, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, Sebolt, John, Aug, 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863, 212 HISTOEY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Stipe, "WilliaTn, Aug. 12, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 1, 1863. Ulrich, Martin, Aug. 12, 1862; must, out with company May 29, 1863. tririch, Solomon, Aug, 12, 1863 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Wentling, John, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. "Whialer, John L., Aug, 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Winters, Daniel, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Young, Hiram, Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with company May 29, 1863. Company I. BecruUed in Lebcmon ig. 26, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1866. Peiffer, Levi, Aug. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Peiffer, Henry, Aug. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Powley, Dennis, Aug. 27, 1864; must, oufwith company June 21, 1865. Patterson, George W., Aug. 27, 1864 ; disoh. by G. 0. May 30, 1866. Beigle, Daniel, Aug. 22, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Kumell, Jacob A., Aug. 27, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1866. Reese, David, Aug. 23, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Kice, Jacob A., Aug. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Rouch, George W., Aug. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Rose, Henry, Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Richards, Thomas J., Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Snyder, Jacob, Aug. 23, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Stinger, William, Aug. 27, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Schnider, Frederick, Aug. 25, 1864 ; must, out with company June -21, 1865. Schwenk, John, Aug. 23, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Schware, William V., Aug. 26, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Shaffer, William V., Aug. 26, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Stewart, James S., Aug. 26, 1864 j must, out with company June 21, 1865. Smith, John, Ang. 23, 1864; died at Washington, D. C, Nov. 1, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Thomas, David, Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1866. Trowbridge, William S., Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1866. Thumma, Henry, Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Trestle, Elias, Aug. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1866. Typer, Robert E., Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Updegrove, Ellis, Aug. 30, 1804; must, out with company June 21, 1865. TJmberger, Benjamin P., Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. TJmberger, David, Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Weidle, Joseph, Aug. 22, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Wolf, John, Aug. 26, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Wilson, Matthew 0., Aug. 26, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Walzer, John A., Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1866. Walters, John J., Aug. 23, 1864; must, out with company June 21,1866. Waller, Jacob, Aug. 22, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1866. Weistling, Joseph C, Aug. 30, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Young, George G., Aug. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company June 21, 1865. Take, Jacob, Aug. 25, 1864; must, out with company June 21, 1866. Parsell, Joseph, Aug. 24, 1864 ; not accounted for. Rohrer, David, Sept. 13, 1864 ; not accounted for. Shanuer, Oscar, Aug. 24, 1864 ; not accounted for. UNASSIGNED MEN. P]'ivates. Barnitz, John D., Aug. 24, 1864; not accounted for. Burkhart, John, Aug. 24, 1864 ; not accounted for. Coner, Patrick, Aug. 26, 1864 ; not accounted for. Clare, John, Aug. 24, 1864; not accounted for. Corl, Nathaniel, Aug. 24, 1864; not accounted for. Devin, Levine, Aug. 26, 1864; not accounted for. Dare, James W. 0., Sept. 6, 1864; not accounted for. Grover, George, Aug. 24, 1864 ; not accounted for. Hamilton, Robert E.. Sept. 23, 1864 ; not accounted for. Hancock, Solomon D., Sept. 23, 1864; not accounted for. Johnson, William, Aug. 18, 1864 ; not accounted for. Kelly, Francis, Aug. 26, 1864 ; not accounted for. Kline, Montgomery, Aug. 24, 1864; not accounted for. Leedom, David, Aug. 24, 1864; not accounted for. Lidenstricher, Daniel, Sept. 6, 1864 ; not accounted for. Morgan, Herman B., Aug. 26, 1864; not accounted for. Martin, James, Aug. 26, 1864; not accounted for. Miller, Charles, Aug. 24, 1864; not accounted for. Martin, Jamee Wvery doubt to flee. Thy Saviour /or his murderers prayed, And he will pray for thee. "'Should persecution's eager shaft Pm-sue us while we live, Jesus, benevolent, divine. Oh, teach us to forgive.' « Little of his poetry is now remembered, though some may be found in one or more newspapers of the day. I recollect a couple of veraes in a diff-erent strain from the preceding, which were written by him as a New Tear's Address for a carrier of one of our newspapers He ad- dressed in these verses persons of various occupations, and those to the mnkeepera and storekeepers were substantially to this effect: «* To innkeepers, who furnish us brandy and wine, Nice roast beef and turkey on which we may dine Wben you spread out your table give the traveler his fill _ Let him think of his bdly and not of his bill 4* Ye storekeepers, who sell us good coff-ee and tea. Don't charge us two dollars for stinking Bohea • • Z^-Tr"" v*"**^' *^' yardstick, keep your thumb to the spot : If It slip, ahp It forward, or else slip it not.' GENERAL HISTORY. 275 " He was a Federalist in politics, but during tbe governorsliip of Simon Snyder he conceived tbe idea -of being appointed judge. He gave at some celebration a toast, 'Simon Snyder: he diatinguiBhes merit, and rewards it.' Some one asked him when be became a Democrat. 'Why,* he said, ' he helped to carry the lantern.' But this was after the election, " He was inclined to humor. He once entered a dark room with a gentleman who immediately opened a window. Mr. McClean then ob- served that a philosophical idea had just occured to him. ' Well, what was it?' * Why, when you opened the window, did the light come in or the darkness go out?' The reply was expressive but not compli- mentary. " He had a bald head. He said of it that the soil over gold-mines was always barren. He was occasionally called on for toasts at public cele- brations, and he was sometimes quite happy in expression. One I recol- lect was, 'Our Country, A Hercules in its infancy, what will it be in its manhood?' On one occasion a man from Philadelphia was dilating here on the advantages in Philadelphia over those in Harrisburg. 'Why,' says he, 'here you have trouble to get milk ; in Philadelphia it is brought to our doors.' ' Oh,'.says Mr. McClean, ' that is the reason you have so many calves in Philadelphia.' It is to be regretted that his life had not been more carefully conducted, and that he had not de- voted more of his time to study and literary pursuits. He might have left an elevated reputiition. He was rather above the common height, inclined to fatness, of large head, not unpleasant countenance, of genial, social manners, and was exceedingly careless in his dress. He went to reside at Huntingdon, in this State, where] he died. He married a daughter of John Hamilton, formerly of Harrisburg, and at one time extensively engaged here in mercantile operations. '* Francis R. Shunk, afterwards Governor of the State, was admitted to this bar in September, 1816. He did not enjoy much practice in the profession here, his other avocations — as clerk of the House of Bepre- sentatives and to the board of canal commissioners, etc. — occupying most of his time. He was a superior penman and an excellent reader. He was a social, kind-hearted man, a very cheerful, pleasant com- panion, fond of and abounding in anecdote, and not given to evil speak- ing of others. He was very popular in this place. He removed to Pittsburgh, where he was somewhat engaged in professional avoca- tions, and was residing there when elected as Governor. He was re- elepted, but resigned in July, 1848, having discharged with characteristic probity the duties of the executive oflBce. "Mr. Shunk was very tall, being two or three inches over six feet in height. He was at the head— being the tallest— of the military com- pany in which he marched as a private soldier to Baltimore in 1814. His frame was large, but not fleshy. His appearance was rather un- gainly, but his afldress was so frank and genial that tbe defects of his form were little considered by those in his company. He was nearly in extremis when he resigned, and he died a few hours afterwards. " Mr. Abiathar Hopkins was for several years a member of tbe Har- risburg bar. He was from one of the New England States, and for sev- eral years taught a female seminary in Harrisburg. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar, and practiced with credit for several years. After an absence from home for a number of years he went on a visit to his family in New England, and about the time he reached home he took sick and died. He possessed an excellent character, gentlemanly manners, and was much respected here. « Mr. Samuel Douglas came here from Pittsburgh, He was a member of the Legislature, and it being supposed that there was an opening here for a lawyer of tbe Democratic side of politics, he removed here. He was appointed attorney-general by Governor Wolf in his first term. He was possessed of ready and animated elocution, and was decided and positive in his expression of opinion and argument. He was considered to be a good criminal lawyer, but was not considered by the profession as distinguished in other departments of the law. He was an Irishman by birth, as was indicated by his speech. He was about six feet in height, thin in person, of plain appearance, and rather awkward in manner He was a man of fair reputation, and was a member in communion of the Presbyterian Church in this place. He died in this place above twenty years ago, .^ ,, '» Another member of the bar who practiced with considerable success, and with whom I was on specially friendly relations, *as Wilham Mc- Clure Though not possessed of the graces of oratory, he had a legal mind of a high order. His judgment on questions of law was excellent. I had great faith in his professional opinion. His memory, too, was re- markable He kept no docket, but seemed to have but little difficulty to trace up tbe history of his cases. He was fond of reading, and was possessed of considerable information outside of the law. He was suc- cessful in business, and left-a considerable estate. He was a native of this county, was a graduate at Cannonsburg, and died in August, 1852. He was at one time one of the representatives of this county in the House of Representatives. "Judge David Krause w^as a member of this bar for fifteen or more years. Ht? was a native of Lebanon County, and read law in the office of Judge Walker, who was United States judge, residing in Pittsburgh. Robert J. Walker, afterwards senator and Secretary of the Treasury, was a student in the same office at the same time. Mr. Krause settled for a while at Lebanon, but about the year 1825 carae to Harrisburg to act as private secretary to Governor Shulze. He afterwards purchased an interest in the Intelligencer newspaper, printed at Harrisburg, and was connected therein with Gen. Cameron. He subsequently sold his inter- est in the paper, and was admitted to the bar of this place, commencing practice here about 1828 or 1829. He was a representative from this county in the House of Representatives for one term. In 1845 he was appointed by Governor Porter judge in the Norristown district and re- moved to Norristown, where he remained till his death. He was a fluent speaker, and possessed of considerable ability both as a writer and speaker. He was of medium height, slight in form, dark hair, of a bright, intelligent countenance, of agreeable manners, and of kind dis- position. He died about a year ago, aged about seventy-three. " Archibald Findlay read law in the office of Mr. Ellmaker, and was admitted to the bar in this county in December, 1820. He subsequently settled at Chambersburg, and died not many years afterwards. He had a fine intellect, and was possessed of refined literary taste. Had he lived he might have become distinguished. He was a son of Governor Find- lay and a brother of Judge Findlay, of Philadelphia. He had a remark- ably fine person, a highly intellectual countenance, and had bushy red hair. He and I started for college together. We read law in the same office, and were admitted to the bar at the same time. " Samuel Shoch read law at the same time in the office of Mr. Ell- maker, and was admitted in March, 1820. He is a native of Harrisburg. He was a member of one of the military companies, viz., that of Capt. Crane, which marched from this place to Baltimore in 1814, and which acquired credit without much glory in the expedition, as there was no enemy there to combat whilst they were in the service. In one of the other companies, viz., that of Capt. Walker, were Charles and R. Ferdi- nand Durang, the latter of whom adapted for ' The Star Spangled Ban- ner,' which had just been written, the tune to which it is now sung. The two brothers, after it was sung in camp, sung it on the stage of the Holliday Street Theatre, in Baltimore. (See an account of it in Sarper's Magazine of July, 1871.) C. and F. Durang had been members of a the- atrical company which had on several occasions visited Harrisburg, and to which belonged the celebrated comedian Blissett and tbe elder Jeffer- son, who was quite distinguished as a comic actor. Jefferson subse- quently died in Harrisburg, and over liis remains a stone was put by the direction of Chief Justice Gibson and Judge Rogers. "Mr. Shoch was for years the collecting attorney of the Harrisburg Bank. I was concerned with him in the proceeding in the Frey estate at Middletown, as to which application was made in or about May, 1829, to the Supreme Court at Lancaster, under the act of 1818, relative to charitable trusts. George Frey was a native of Germany. He had long been engaged at Middletown in merchandising and milling. He had no children, and he desired to devote his large estate, consisting of above eight hundred acres of land, with a valuable water-power on the Swa- tara Creek, to charitable purposes. He determined to found an institu tion not merely for tbe education, but for the maintenance and educa- tion of orphan children, who as a part of their education were to be instructed in the tenets of the Lutheran Church. He did not seek to perpetuate his own name in the title of tbe institution, but gave it one commemorative of an interesting scene in the life on earth of the Sa- viour after his crucifixion by calling it ' The Emaus Orphan House.' His will was dated in 1806, and was written by John Joseph Henry, president judge of the courts of Dauphin County. It was an elaborate one, and contained minute and special directions. It is reported in the case ex-parte Cassel and Spayd, in 3d Watts' Reports. The estate after his death was mismanaged, and the orphan house became decayed and no school was kept. The Lutheran clergyman at Harrisburg, the vener- able Mr. Lochman, considering that the children to be maintained and educated in the institution were to be instructed in the doctrines of the Lutheran Church, felt interested in the subject, and applied to Mr. Shoch, whose family belonged to his church, to endeavor to have some action taken on the subject. "As the will contained a provision for settlement of accounts of tbe ; trust in the Courts of Quarter Sessions of Dauphin County, application i was made to that court, of which Judge Franks was then president- 276 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Months elapsing after the application without any deciBlon, Mr. Shoch api^lied to me as au assistant, and it was concluded to make application to the Supreme Court at their session at Lancaster, under the act of 1818, before referred to. In the course of the proceeding a question might be raised as to obtaining a status in court, inasmuch as no school existed, and consequently no children were in it who were interested in its maintenance. But the will provided for the education of or- phans. As an orphan was sometimes defined to be a child who had lost one parent, we concluded to make application in the name of Charles F, Muench, of Harrisburg, as the guardian of certain minor children whose deceased father (the mother, however, surviving the father) had been a member of,the Lutheran Church. We did so by petition directed against the former principal, who had resigned, and also against the principal then in charge of the estate, and also against certain of the trustees provided for in the will. This was in May, 1829. "At the time appointed there appeared against us Mr. Buchanan, a distinguished member of the Lancaster bar and afterwards President of the United States, and Mr. Hopkins, a veteran lawyer of the same bar. " Mr. Buchanan contended that application having been made to the court of Dauphin County, au election of that forum had been made. Also that the Supreme Court had no jurisdiction of the matter; that the act of 1818 had provided only for cases where no other redress ex- isted, aud that in this case the will provided for action in the court of Dauphin County. He ridiculed certain provisions of the will, alleged that no orphan had applied for admission, and that this was the case with regard to the wards of the petitioner. "After die close of Mr. Buchanan's argument, Mr. Hopkins made some remarks, one of which was that 'if the court will read the will, they will see tliat it is the will of a foolish man.' To which Judge Huston said, ' We are not gaing to read the will now, nor is it necessary that we should.' The court sustained the npplication and directed an account before auditors of their appointment. " It 13 proper to remark that on the will being offered for probate in or about the year 1806, the court directed an issue of devisavit vel non, in which the jury found in favor of the will. The character of the will, as well as the sanity of the testator, were of course examinable on the trial of that issue. " Also it was scarcely competent for the principal, holding office under the will and enjoying advantages under it, to object to its validity. And, further, that if there were provisions in the will of an absurd, unreas- onable, or impracticable character, they should scarcely have been per- mitted to nuliify the reasonable, practicable, and meritorious provisions in it. " In the course of the proceedings before the auditors Mr. Shoch labo- riously examined the books of accounts aud made abstracts. Being dissatisfied with the auditors' report, we filed exceptions to it, and after argument before the Supreme Court a decree was made which termi- nated in large charges against the two principals who had charge of the estate. "Application was then made by us for a change of management, and on the hearing of this proceeding Mr. Stevens appeared and claimed an appointment of the principal on nomination by the LutJieran SyTiods. In objection to this an animated and impressive address was made by Mr. Shoch. Our nominee was appointed, a substantial building has been erected, an act of incorporation has been obtained, aud a school established, which is now in operation, and in which the English as well as the German language is taught. " On the argument in the Supreme Court on the exceptions filed, Mr. Fisher and Mr, Elder were for parties in the case, and Mr. Herman Al- ricks, then a young man and now a highly respectable member of the Harrisburg bar, appeared for the first principal under the will and con- tended that he should not be held accountable, alleging that he was under the supervision of and subject to removal by the trustees. The Supreme Court, however, decided differently. "Mr. Shoch subsequently was for some time the clerk of the House of Representatives of this State; was afterwards secretary of the Con- stitutional Convention of 1838, and is now the respectable, intelligent, aud successful cashier of the National Bank of Columbia. "There is one provision in the will of George Frey which I do not consider to be authoritative, viz., the provision that no part of the real estate devised shall ever be sold. I conceive that the law-making power has control over all the landed property within the limits of the State, and that where the public interests imperatively require its sale, its sale may be directed, the proceeds, in cases of trust, to be applied to the same uses as declared in the trust. A conversion is not a divetsion. It must sometimes, if not frequently, be a great public inconvenience or a posi- tive evil that real estate remain in the same condition and subject to the same uses as those for which it has been devised or conveyed. It is not reasonable that one or more persons, whose life cannot in the course of nature long endure, shall impress upon property of which he or they happened to be possessed a character, either as to sale or partition, which shall bind the public in all time and under all circumstances and condi- tions. The earth is for thu living and not for the dead, and though wills of decedents and agreements of individuals are entitled t« and should receive reasonable respect, yet to such considerations the public in- terests are paramount. See Norris vs. Clymer, 2 Barr,277. " In conclusion as to the will of George Frey: " The application to the Supreme Court on the part of members of the Lutheran Church not being successful, an act of Assembly was obtained in 1846 for the appointment of the trustees on the nomination of the two Lutheran Synods lying east and west of the Susquehanna. The case arising under the act was taken to the Supreme Court, who in the case of Brown vs. Hnmmel, reported in 6th Barr, decided that the act was unconstitu- tional, and that the trustees in office could not be removed without a hearing at law. Now, it was sought by the act of 1846 to obtain a change of trustees in the interests of the Lutheran Church and not on account of vnisconduct on their part, aud therefore a trial at law would not have effected the object, but the act of 1846 may have been objection- able as limiting the choice of trustees to those of a particular churchy whereas the will of the founder provided that 'members in good stand- ing of any of the Protestant Churches' should be eligible. "The judge who delivered the opinion of the court in the case of Brown vs. Hummel declared that the charter or act of incorporation of the institution was a contract between the government and individuals, and the case of the Dartmouth College us. Woodward, reported in 4tli WheaEon, was referred to in support of the position. Now it may be somewhat difficult to see how the act of incorporation of a public charity is a contract, and not merely an act of ordinary legislation liable to alter- ation by the Legishiture which enacted it or by a subsequent one, es- pecially where no money is paid to the Commonwealth or required by the act to be expended, which might not, under the terras of the will, be expended without the act. But such it has been declared to be in the cHse of Brown vs. Hummel, before referred to. " It may not be improper to add that if the obligations of a contract rest upon the Commonwealth as to every act of incorporation of a chari- table, literary, or banking institution, horse or other railroad, or act of incorporation for any other purpose, and if any evil provision cannot he repaired except something be done beyond the terms of the act of incor- poration, and even then not directly by the enacting power, acting by its own force or by such instrumentality as it may choose (but always according to the requirements of justice), but necessarily through ajpro- ceeding in cowt, then the law-making power ought to be especially care- ful as to the piivileges granted or contained in them. The legislative mill may otherwise turn out provisions whith may he unpalatable to the public taste or injurious to the health of the body politic, "The Constitution of the United States was not framed till 1787. It contains the brief provision that no State shall pass any law 'impainng the obligation of contacts.' It does not explain whether the contracts meant are simply contracts between individuals, or also contracts be- tween individuals aud the government. The Dartmouth College case did not refer to a charter granted in this country and since the adoption of the Constitution of tlie United States, but to one granted to the trus- tees of Dartmouth College in 1769 by the BrUish crovm, and it was to this literary institution, thus formed, that the Supreme Court of the United States applied the inhibition to the States to pass any law impairing the obUgation of contracts, and this antique case was referred to in support of the decision in Brown vs. Hummel. "Is it not time that the Dartmouth College case aud other kindred decisions, no matter by what authority supported,— and they are sup- ported by the authority of great names.-be repudiated, but not limiting the negation to charters of literary or charitable institutions, but giving it a wider scope, and the power of the Legislature to control them be acknowledged? " It has been argued and alleged that where Congress, or, by parity of reasoning, a State Legislature acts within its constitutional power in re- pealing or changing the terms of an act of incorporation, the justice which should ceitainly attend such proceeding should legally be meas- ured by a proceeding at law. But if Congress or the Legislature of a State possess the power of repeal or alteration, why should not the proper measure of justice he administered in .uch manner or by such instrumentality as the legislative power shall direct? And is it not worthy of consideration whether the prohibition to the States as to in- terfering with contracts refers simply to contracts between individuals and not to contracts between individuals and the government itself? It GENERAL HISTORY. 277 is a legal principle, in the construction of statutes, that the aovereign is not included unless expresBly named. See Broom's Legal Maxims, 73. Why should not this principle be applied to the provision as to contracts in the Constitution of the United States? "The Supreme Court of the United States also decided, in the case of the State of New Jersey vs. Wilson (see 1 Kent's Com. 414-T5) that the power of taxation could be permanently surrendered. Now 'the taxing power is an incident of sovereignty, an essential part of every inde- pendent government.' (Black, C. J., in the case of the Bank of Penn- sylvania vs. the Commonwealth, 7th Harris, 162.) How, then, can it be surrendered by a temporary legislature? *Taxation to be just must be equal, and to be equal must be universal.' ' To exempt some would be to increase the burdens of others.' (Idem.) Why, then, should the property of institutions, not for burial or religious objects or for pur- poses of general charity, be relieved of a burden to which that of the poor is subjected? "The occasion to which I have referred was not the only one on which I have heard Mr. Buchanan. I heard him frequently in our State Legislature when he was a young man, and I then much admired him. His voice was agreeable, very clear, with a ringing sound, and loud; his enunciation Wfis exceedingly distinct; he was fluent in speech, though deliberate, but not unpleasantly so; his manner usually ani- mated, and his language unexceptionable. I also heard him in thu Senate at Washington, just previous f to the inauguration of Gen. Har- rison. He spoke in opposition to an impracticable, absurd resolution, introduced by Mr. Crittenden, soon to be one of the new cabinet, pro- hibiting officers of the general government from interfering in elec- tions. An earnest discussion took place, the Senate being addreseod by Mr. Crittenden, Mr. Clay, Mr. Mangum, Mr. Wright, Robert J. Walker, and perhaps by Mr. Calhoun, and in my estimation Mr. Buchanan wfis not surpassed by any one on that occasion. He was an agreeable speaker, and very able and impressive in debate ; but he was considered to be timid and irresolute when required to assume responsibilities on occasions of extraordinary importance to himself or to the public inter- ests. When secession was threatened or actually begun, had he pos- sessed the resolution and intrepidity which, at such a crisis, should have been displayed by the head of the government, the South would not have been in doubt whether secession would "be met by mere protestation, acquiescence or entreaty, or fought tu the bitter end. But Mr. Buchanan appears to have been fitted for action in quiet times, rather than the stormy scenes of politics or revolution. " Mr. Buchanan was tall in person, his form large and well developed. His head, however, from some diseased condition, or from malformation in his neck, hung to one side. He dressed carefully, and his appearance was gentlemanly and impressive. " Two young men read law in the oflBce of Mr. Shunk when he was in practice here, viz., William M. Hall and James Findlay, and they were admitted to the bar in November, 1822. " Mr. Hall was a native of Harrisburg. His mother was a daughter of William Maclay, and she resided at the time of her death in the stone house on the corner of Front and South Streets, in this place, which had been built about the year 1794 by her father, and which was the second stone house built within the present limits of Harrisburg, the one erected in 1766, near the' lower end of Front Street, by the second John Harris, subsequently the founder of Harrisburg, being the first. "Mr. Hall settled at Lewistown, in the county of Mififtin, where he soon got into practice; and had he continued at the bar, from his marked ability and great industry, would probably have attained a high rank in the profession. But his mind becoming religiously impressed, he abandoned the practice of law, studied divinity, and became a cler- gyman in the Presbyterian Church, and was widely known throughout the State. His health became impaired, and he died in middle age at Bedford, in August, 1851. His mind was too active and energetic for the frail tenement in which it was lodged. His bodily strength was not sufficient for attaining a knowledge of two professions. His eyes were prominent and he was near-sighted, but he did not discover the imper- fection till he was well grown, when, hearing some boys speak of seeing something on the island opposite, he at first disbelieved that the island could be seen distinctly from the town, and it was then hediscovered his defect of vision. Mr. Hall was a very honest, upright man, reliable in his friendships, and a sincert) Christian. One of his sons is now a mem- ber of this bar. "James Findlay was a son of Governor Findlay, four of whose five sons were admitted to the bar. He settled in Greensburg, Westmore- land Co., where he had been appointed th-s prosecuting officer, and from which county he was afterwards elected to the Legislature, where he soon became distinguished. He was subsequently appointed Secre- tary of the Commonwealth by Governor Wolf. He eventually removed to Pittsburgh, where he was joined in the profession by Mr. Shunk a short time before his nomination for the office of Governor. He there died, unmarried, in middle age, about the year 1844. James Findlay and his elder brother, Archibald, hereinbefore mentioued, were men of gentlemanly instincts and manners, and were each of rather superior ability and of fair reputation. " I here take occasion to mention that Governor William Findlay, for whose memory I entertain a youthful respect, has been confounded with William Findley, of Westmoreland County. See Graydon's ' Memoirs,' edited by Littell, pages 356 and 373. " Mr. McCormick was known to most of the present members of the bar. He was a superior lawyer, and from his unexcitable temperament might have been well fitted for the bench. When actively engaged in his profession he had a more extensive practice than any other of those who came into practice with him. His opinions on matters of law were generally reliable, and he was extensively called on for counsel after, from loss of sight, he ceased to be able to try causes in court. He was an effective speaker, and when he lost a cause it might generally be considered that he had the wrong side of it. He was of medium size, and of intellectual countenance. It would seem that after arriving at manhood he never enjoyed good health. He was sedentary in his habits, taking but little exercise either in walking or otherwise. He was rather unsocial in intercourse, but seemed to enjoy the company of his friends when in his office. His eyesiglit, perhaps owing to his sedentary life, and perhaps excessive and incautious use of his eyes, became impaired, and he became blind, The affection, however, did not seem to affect his spirits, and in his office he seemed much as usual. Though sorely afr flicted for many years, he bore his affl Iction, at least publicly, with little murmur or complaint. He died in January, 1870, aged sixty-nine. "John C. Kunkel was of quite prepossessing appearance. He was of medium height, slight, but well forn efi, had a ruddy countenance and very clear complexion. He had a pleasant voice, was a highly agree- able speaker, and more accomplished in that respect than any other member of the bar of this place since the organization of the county. Though distinguished as a speaker, he was not considered by the leading members of the bar here to be so as a lawyer. To attain eminence in knowledge of law requires close and attentive study, as well as large practice, and he had not industry or resolution sufficient to effect that result. He was twice elected to Congress, but his business engagements at home interfered so much with his representative duties that he was not distinguished as a member of Congress. He was unusually suc- cessful in the acquisition of fortune, a portion of which he left to pur- poses of charity. He died in October, 1870. " There was another member of the bar who died some years ago who was considerably distinguished for his knowledge of law and for indus- try in his profession. This was John A. Fisher. He came to the bar in December, 1820, when his father, Mr. George Fisher, heretofore spoken of, was still in considerable practice, and thus was enabled the more readily to get into business. He was the most laborious lawyer I have known'in the course of my practice here. He was generally ready for the trial of his causes when by reasonable diligence it could be effected. His usage in the trial of a cause was to endeavor to write down nearly all of the oral testimony delivered, not trusting to his memory for it. This contributed to lengthen trials iri which he was engaged, and was often complained of by the court and the adverse counsel, but he was pertinacious. When his turn came he gave the cause a thorough ex- amination. In the preparation of hie paper-books for the Supreme Court he was elaborate, and it was not his fault if his side of the case was not understood. He pursued the profession for about forty years, and had an extensive and lucrative practice in this and Lebanon County. He was generally concerned in the few ejectment cases which depended on original title which were tried here after the older lawyers, who had large experience in that line, had died or had retired from the bar. These cases related to timber lands or mountain lands in the coal region, which had become an object of special attention. He also drafted the act of March, 1860, for the incorporation of the city of Harrisburg, which ex- tensive act is evidence of his ability and is a specimen of his industry. He died in July, 1864, aged sixty-six. He was a large man, of remark- ably vigorous constitution, and of great strength and power of endurance. " Charles C. Rawn was a member of this bar for fifteen or twenty^years. He was from one of the eastern counties of this State, perhaps from Chester. He was possessedjof considerable ability, of great energy of character, and was indefatigable in attention to his professional busi- ness. He was fluent in speech, and in controversy was the last to yield. He was a relative of Governor Shunk, which conneciion most probably induced his settlement here. He had been of the Democratic school of 278 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. politics, and was decidedly opposed to abolition, alleging a fear of a ser- vile war of blacks against whites, but when the war began he was de- cided for the Union, and became a provoat- marshal in the mustering in of troops. He was successful iu his profesaion. He was a very iudus- triouB man, and I understand that for years he kept a journal which, if it covered the whole period of the late war, may contain some interest- ing reminiscences. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church in this place. He died iu December, 1865, aged sixty-four. He was about aix feet high and of good address. " Auother member of our bar was well known in his day, and is de- serving of notice on account of the spirit he displayed in regard to en- terprises of a public character without, an absorbing interest in them as to personal advantage on his part. I mean William Ayres. His knowledge of law as well as his general reading was quite moderate, but his judgment on common matters of a practical character was ex- cellent. He had great energy of character and a large degree of public spirit. He had also considerable ingenuity and management in origi- nating and forwarding public enterprises. He arranged the construc- tion of the Harrisburg water-works, forwarded that of the Broad Top KaJlroad, and had the survey made of a railroad from Harrisburg to Hamburg, which is now in process of construction. He was a member of the House of Representatives for two terms. He was a man of large size, rather fleshy, of genial temper, of excellent disposition, obliging, and social. His life was a useful one. He seemed to have enjoyed ex- cellent health till near the period of his death. He died in May, 1856, aged sixty-four. " In December, 1867, occurred the death of Judge McKinney, aged seventy-one. He studied law in Carlisle under the direction of Judge Duncau, and was exceedingly well grounded iu its elementary principles. He had not the faculty of fluent expression, and did not succeed well in practice. He was at one time one of the associate judges in this county. He was the author of several legal works, one on the Constitution of the United States, a work on the ofBce of justice of the peace, and a digest of the laws of Pennsylvania. He was an upright, conscientious man, was a decided abolitionist, being one of the vice-presidents of the Anti- Slavery Society as long ago as 1836, was long a member of the Presby- terian Church of this city, of which he was an elder, and was a zealous Christian. His death occurred through accident on the street railroad in this city. ■ " William H. Miller was a member of this bar for ten or more years. He was possessed of a fine physique, was nearly six feet high, and well formed. He was gentle aad agreeable in manner, of a social turn, and of a kind disposition. But in politics he was inflexible. His father had been one of the Democratic leaders in Pennsylvania, and his son im- bibed early the same political faith. He seemed to think that the in- terests of the country were bound up in the ascendency of Democratic men and the principles and measures which they advocated, and that the course of the Republican party was the direct reverse. He seemed to have a strong predilection for politics, and was usually ready to support his party or encounter the political enemy. He represented this congressional district at the beginning of the late war. He was one of the counsel of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. I should think that he had not devoted much of his time to the study of his profession. His practice, perhaps, was chiefly in the criminal courts. He was a ready, forcible, and agreeable spe&fcer. He died in September, 1870, aged forty-two. "John H. Briggs was born in Cumberland County, but resided here for the last thirty years. He was a respectable lawyer, though he never had much practice in the trial of causes. He had considerable expe- rience as an accountant and auditor, and was appointed bythe court or on uomination of parties, to adjust important interests in that matter. He was an upright, honorable man, and his dpath was much regretted in this community. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church in this place, and had long been connected with it. He was above the or- dinary height, was well formed, and of very gentlemanly appearance. He died in March, 1872, aged fifty-seven. "There was lately an ancient member of our bar lingering on the threshold of life, I mean John Roberta. Col. Roberts was connected with the bar for more than half a centui-y. He never had an extensive practice. His tastes were of a mathematical and scientific character. As a, civil engineer, surveyor, and draughtsman he was quite accom- plished. He was fond of reading, and was possessed of a fund of infor- mation in science, history, and general literature. He was a botanist of respectable character, with some knowledge of mineralogy and geology. He had a fine musical taste, and was quite an excellent performer on the violin. He was possessed of more varied attainments than any other member of our bar. He was once a member of the House of Represen- tatives, He was also an exceedingly good penman, and was for years prothonotary of onr county, and was a model oflBcer. '* The colonel was not only proficient on the violin, but he waa an ex- cellent dancer; and dancing then was not, as at present, the simple walking through a figure, nor the vulgar waltzing of the present day, but a display of agility and grace in the contradance, reel, or cotillion. The colonel could cut pigeon-wing with the ease of a theatrical profes- sor ; and this was an accomplishment possessed by few of his young companions. He was the orderly sergeant of Capt. Walker's company, which marched to Baltimore in 1814. He wa.s possessed of an amiable, inoffensive disposition, and his life has been highly wae/W to the com- munity. This last is eulogy. As respects his memory, he might have said, in the words of Bishop Bonar, — " ' I need not be missed if my life has been bearing, As its summer and autumn moved silently on, The bloom and the fruit and the seed of its season, I shall be remembered by what I have done.^ " He was of medium size, rather slight in body, of a dark complexion, bright dark eyes, and of intelligent countenance. In his youth he was probably very active. Although his bodily strength had failed in his latter years, his mind remained clear till near the closing scene of his life. He was the oldest member of this bar living at the time of bis death. He was an honest man. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church. His faith was firm, and he was not unwilling to meet death when the summons should come. He died in February last, at the ad- vanced age of eighty-five. " Of such of the bar as are still in practice I forbear to speak ; and be- sides, their respective qualifications and characters are as well, and, as to many of them, better known to those who are in practice with them. I end with the suggestion that if members of the bar in other cities qr counties in the State would prepare and publish biographical notices of distinguished members of the bar in their respective cities or counties or judicial districts, with notice of matters of a public character with. which they have been connected, information of public interest may be preserved which may otherwise be lost. Leading members of the bar are often more or less connected with events interesting to the public occurring in their'own neighborhood." MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. Lancaster and Dauphin. 1789-91. John W. Kittera. 1791-93. John W. Kittera. 1793-95. John W. Kittera. 1795-97. John A. Hanna, 1797-99. John A. Hanna. 1799-1801. John A. Hanna. 1801-3, John A. Hanna. Davphin, Owmberland, Mifflin, and Huntmgdon, 1804-6. John A. Hanna. 1805-7. John A. Hanna. 1807-9. Robert Wbitehill. 1807-9. David Baird. 1809-11. Robert Whitehill. David Baird. Lancaster and Dauphin. 1811-13. Robert Whitehill, David Baird. 1813-15. Edward Crouch. Sixth Dietrict,- 1821-23. John Phillips. 1823-25. Robert Harris. 1825-27. Robert Hanis. 1815-17. James Wallace. 1817-19. James Wallace. 1819-21. James Wallace. -Davphin and Lebanon. 1827-29. Innis Green. 1829-31. Innis Greeu. 1831-33. John C. Bucher. 1833-35. William Clark. 1835-37. William Clark. Tenth District,— Dauphin and Lebanon. 1837-39, Luther Reily. 1839-41. William Simonton. 1841-43. William Simonton. Fourteenth Di8trict,—Dav^hin, Leban ." Gibbous, Williiim 144^^ Grimes, Jri" 23 Gilchrist, J n" 228 Grimes, Gustavus Gilchrist, Rohert 222 HutchisoD, Jos 2^1 Hutchison, Sam^ :ilO Huston, Andrew 100 Huffman. Jos 163 Henry, Patilck 100 HumUarger, Henry Hilton, Jno 93 Haldiman, Jacob Harrha, Jno, preacher 200 Harris, Jn" 660 Haddon, William Harris, James Hnuser, Martin 214 Hoover, Mathias 100 Hogan, Patrick 80 Herelia, Jn" 100 Hoover, Philip 1.50 Johnston, Kichard Johnston, Alexand^ Jamison, Jn" 200 Isenhower, Philip 170 Johnston, James 100 Jubb, Jacob Kerr, Wm 22li^ King, Thomas 116 Keag, William Kinsley, Jno 100 Kelso, William 200 Kerr, Jacob Kisner, Jno Kitzmiller, Adam Loydon, Jn" Laugblin, Henry Little, Jno Larkey, Jno Loydon, Widow 100 Lush, Patrick 100 Lampart, Adam Linie, Michael 30 Lime, Jacob Lerue, Francis & Geo 100 Landis, Jacob Mire, Jacob McKee, James 280 Martin, Jn** Means, Jn" 230 Means, Adjim 10 McChu'e, Alexander 200 McHargue, Alesand 100 McMillin, W™ & James 170 McKoberts, William 50 McElheney, Jno 130 Montgomry, Rob* 90 Morison, Roger Miller, Jacob 140 Montgomry, Hugh 357 Moore, Thomas Mathews, Jn"^ ..;• Merler, Jn".... Vs',/ 100 McCahan, Jno.. Montgomry, David 200 McClure, Andrew 90 Mnrrow, Abram Miller, Jno Morison, W™ Moore, Jn" 59j^ Miller, Thomas M«C'irdj James 90 M^Canliss, Gee McClure, Jonathon 90 MoClure, Jlowan 90 MoClure, Richard Muma, Jno 200 Morrow, Thomas Miller, Jno Malian, James Name. Acres. M'Clure, William . 260 Miller, ,raoob G. (miller). . 90 Montgomery, Jos . 140 Montgomery, William . 160 M'OIenaghau, W>» . 100 Mark, Jos MoKinney, Jno. & James. . 170 M°Mullen Geo McWhorter, Robert MoArthur, Thomas . 200 Maxwell, Jno Miller, Jacob Neal, Robert . ^06 . '40 Nigle,EIiab Nobb, Widow Neveling, Geo . 160 Noop, Jno . 320 Nidriok, Abram 230 Nass, Jacob Page, Geo . 100 Pooman, Michael Peainger, Michael 2§ . 160 Pitner, Michael Poorman, Stophel 80 Poorman, Jacob Peck, .Facob 100 Pancake, Peter 140 Pile, Geo 100 100 Poorman, Stephen Patimore, Jno 100 For Shelly Place Pooreman, Malachia Pancake, Felty Page, Christian Plunket, W" Pot^grove, Thomas BobertsoD, Hugh 124 Baredon, Simon Butherford, James 140 Bauiker, Geo 200 Boop, Jno 13 Roop, Jacob 100 Boop, Jacob, & Smith Rancik, Jno. 142 Butherford, Jno 200 Bichey, David 298 Reel, Anthony Bhoe, Cornelius Eowlanci,W" Shearer, Sami Smith, Michael Strickler, Jacob 231 Stoner, Henry 386 Steel, Jno 200 Shanklin.Geo Swan, Christian 144 Swan, Richard Skear, Albright 180 100 104 Shoop, Geo Sturgeon, Jeremiah 211 170 Stewart, And" & Chars 232 Siuipson, Sami 230 Smith, Stophel 200 Sneider, Felty Shaffner, Jacob 18 Stephan, And" & Zacheus... 304 Stephan, Hugh 160. Spangler. Felty 160 80 Sider, Jacob Shaver, Michael 100 Smith, And" 106 Shaw, Jos 217 Smith, Sami 13 Shoop, Barnet 120 100 160 180 405 Smith, William Stewart, Hugh Sheets, Leonard 160 100 160 Smith, Michael Smith, Peter Smith, Mary & Jos 100 Thompson, Jno 160 Thompson, Sami Tanner, Christ Toot, David 200 126 Toot, Geo Umbergor, Henry Name. Acres. Name. Acres. Vance, Moses * .. 430 Wallace, James 150 Williams, Geo .. 50 Wyley, Robert .. 42 Wilson, Jno . 90 .. 206 Wilson Jno Sen' 280 White, Josiah .. 100 Wilson, Alexander . 100 Wallower, Leonard .. 150 Wilson, Joseph, Sen>" . 90 Wiiitehill, Robert .. 200 .. 150 Wilson, Jcs While, Hugh Wyly Thomas 99?ir Whitely, Widow 100 Whitmore, Math' Wiggin, Thomas Winogle, Mathias .. 100 Wilson, Alexander Wouderly, Jno. .. 100 Toutz, Conrad . 34i^ Middtetown, Moores, Thos Henry Miller, Peters Wickersham, Abuer .. 10 . 20 . 40 Sneider, Jno Woifly, Conrad Frey, Geo Myer, Henry (tastte, Nicholas Shuster, Peters Patimore, Philip King, Christ" .^.. 73 Crabh, William Lowninn, Geo Walker Valeno Shaffner, Henry 6 Davis, Henry Sheretzee, Saml Pat, Scott Shoky, Geo 70^ Dondle, Dan' Seebangh, Christ" Flauigan, Patrick Hemberligh, Martin Gross, Abram Gross, Michael Shaffner, Henry Holenbach, Jn" Cryder, Chris^^ Wells, William . 5 MoCaun, Uenry Barnet, Jno. Shirtz. Chris" . 10 Rickert, Peters Conrad, Michael Ci-abb, Thomas Hooblv, Fredrick IH MoClure, David Bolinger, Emanuel Parks. Saml Minsker, Jno Lipsee, Anthoney ... Tebernick, Fred^ . 71" Miller, Jacob ■ "• Conn, Dan* Sneider, Jacob Miller, Henry Hemberly, Ludwig Spade, Chrisn Graft, Philip Attlee, David Bydle, Michael Atlee, Philip Hppick, Christoph Patimore, Philip Crenier, Elizabeth jPVeer nen. Cowden, William. MoGuire, Jno. Spence, James. MoWilliams, Hugh. , Dugles, Robert. Barnet, Jos., Sen'. Witherol, Anthony. Allen, Jos. Miller, Jno. Kelso, William. Dagon, Ludwig. Shearer, Jno. Cochran, Andrew. Leek, Conrad. Whitehill, Jno. Berryhill, And* Pitners, Henry. MoComprey, Alexr. Jno Derby Sen'. Youtz, Francis. Jno Boyd. Long, Paul. Elder, Robert. Porter, Jno. Strahen, Thomas. Bates, Jno. Ctirry, James. Vance, Wm. Miller, Jno. Cogly, Robt. Smith, Geo. MoConnald, Richard. Lowry, Wm. Rown, Jn*?. Oberlander, Fredk. Mury, Thomas. Witner, William. Miller, Jno. Simijson, Nathani. Martin, Fritz. Gross, Micliael. Randolph, Nathan^. Shaw, David. Felty, Michael. Gilchrist, Matthew, Camble, Archibald. Keas, Robert. Martin, Sam'. Page, Jno. Cochran, Jno. Winogle, Fredrick. Burieigh, Francis. Clark, Robeit. Little, Jacob. Morrow, William. Byle, Tlmmas. MoGuire, Richard. Brown, Sam'. Siders, Jacob. Stewart, W"". Foot, David., Fridley, Barnet. Parks, Jno. Attlee, Conrad. CITY OF HARR18BURG. 291 Huffman, Daui. Gross, Chris". Cunsort, Jn°. M«Knight, Jn». flarria, Jn®, Jun^. Bichman, Robert. As previously stated, the first division of Paxtang was when Hanover township was erected ; then, in 1791, when the borough of Harrisburg was incorpor- ated ; followed by Swatara in 1799 ; and Susquehanna in 1815, leaving only that portion of the township now known as Lower Paxtang, although never erected as such. To distinguish it from the northern portion of the county, which was set off as Upper Paxtang in 1767, it was thus termed by general usage merely. CITY or HARRISBUKG. CHAPTER I. The Proprietary Grants — Manor of Paxtang — The Ferry Grant — The Harris Mansion — Proposals to lay ont a Town — Conveyances to the Public by John Harris — Early RemiDiscences of the Town — Louis- burgh—" Pumpkin Flood"— Taxables for 1787. Of Harris' Ferry, the site of the flourishing and prosperous city of Harrisburg, and of the individual who gave it name, we have alluded in the general history of the county. On the 17th of December, 1733, the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania granted to John Harris, by patent, three hundred acres and allowance of land, extending from what is now Herr Street, formerly the upper boundary of the old borough of Harrisburg, down the river to a black-oak somewhere near the termination of Walnut Street with Front Street, and thence back by a line continuous with Mulberry and Tenth Street east of the canal to the rear line, now the line of Six- teenth. On the same day, Dec. 19, 1733, a patent was granted to Joseph Turner for five hundred acres and allowance, adjoining the above and extending down the river from the aforesaid black-oak to what is now the division line between the lands of the late John Mahan and Mrs. Hanna, deceased, extending back from the river, and embracing the James Harris tract, now the property of A. B. Hamilton. This was taken up by John Harris in the name of Joseph Turner, no doubt, to comply with certain usages of the land- ofiBce, for on the next day (December 18th) Joseph Turner conveyed to Edward Shippen, who on the next day (December 19th) conveyed to John Harris. North of now Herr Street was the manor of Pax- tang. It was one of the Proprietary reservations of land, and one of the smallest manors in the Prov- ince,' but its soil was unequaled. It is described as bounded on the northwest corner by land of John Harris, the elder ; that in 1732 was at a beech-tree, on the' top of the bank of the Susquehanna Eiver, near where the present Front and Herr Streets inter- sect. It included about twelve hundred acres; the river line six hundred eighty-nine perches and three hundred yards, being over two miles. The land is thus described in a survey made by Isaac Taylor, June 4, 1733, "for Thomas Penn, Esquire;" "Com- mencing at a water-beech ; thence east-northeast two hundred and fifty-two perches to Paxtang Creek ; thence north one hundred and twenty perches ; thence north by east two hundred and eighty perches to a black-oak ; thence northwest one hundred perches ; thence west by north three hundred and eighty perches to a black-oak on the bank of the Susquehanna River; thence down said river six hundred and eighty perches." Taylor notes that when he passed the Harris line (east of the canal), west of Paxtang Creek was all vacant land on the remaining sides of the manor. These bounds would seem to include from the river to the present " Miller's school-house," on the high ridge above the hospital, the grounds of which are within the survey. Its north line was the south one of the " John Reel farm." This comprises some of the most fertile land of the river valley. The Penns, however, were too poor to preserve it intact, and began to sell portions of it about the time of Braddock's defeat, disposing of the last of it about ten years before the Revolutionary war. In conveying this land we find no mention of quit-rent, the instrument being for the fee ; an important distinction between this and the manors of Conestoga, Springett, Maske, and Lowther. Taylor's survey was sent to the land-ofiice at Phila- delphia, and very carefully criticised there, being deemed of such importance as to induce Thomas Penn to visit Harris' Ferry in 1736. While here he obtained personal knowledge of its value. We hear of it next in an application of James Galbraith, of Lancaster County, for two hundred acres, including a piece of this manor. The warrant was granted Jan. 9, 1749. When the survey was returned the follow- ing was indorsed upon it — Mr. Scull being surveyor- general : "Mr. SctJLL, — One James Mitcheltree improved this land before the prop'r, Thomas Penn, came into the country, by express permission of Mr. Logan, and a part of his improvement was run into the manor of Paxtang, but with no intent to deprive him of a grant of land on the 292 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. common terms, &c., &c,, whenever a patent is applied for ; tlie purcliaee money is to be at £15.10 per 100, and i^d quit rent per acre, ent. & award from Ist March, 1732. "K. Petees." This shows that the next tract above Harris, on the Susquehanna, was " improved" before 1732. The family of Mitcheltree had land in what is now Susque- hanna township. Galbraith's tract proved to contain two hundred and forty-five acres with allowance, and was that part of the manor east of " Paxting Creek,'' "the south line commencing just south of Dead Horse Brook ; thence northeast one hundred perches to lands of James Alcorn ; thence north and west by sundry corners to lands of Thomas Arm- strong ; thence west and northwest one hundred and fifty-eight perches along lands of Arthur Porster ; thence west one hundred perches to the creek ; thence down Paxting Creek two hundred and sixty-six perches." The date of the survey Sept. 5, 1750. The part owned by Galbraith within the manor was found by subsequent survey to be one hundred and twenty- five acres. The next survey was that of Bertram Galbraith, May 12, 1759, when " Mister Penn's eleven hundred and forty acres without allowance" is thus described. It . excludes James Galbraith's one hundred and twenty-five acres : Commencing on the north line of " John Harris' land, at a birch-tree on the bank of the Susquehanna ;" thence north sixty-five east two hundred and fifty-two perches to Paxtang Creek at an " elm ;" thence north and north by east two hundred and twenty perches ; ninety-four perches northwest ; thence north eighty west three hundred and thirty- eight perches to a Spanish-oak on the bank of the Susquehanna ; " thence down said river six hundred and eighty-nine perches," making the western front nine perches in excess of the survey of 1733. The adjoining lands are James Alcorn, northeast of Harris ; James Galbraith, Archibald Forster, James Potts, Widow (Thomas) Armstrong; on the river, James Chambers. In 1760, Thomas Simpson was owner of four hun- dred acres of the south part of this manor. His will is dated Dec. 24, 1760, and devises to his two sons, Thomas and Michael, three hundred and eighty-six acres, share and share alike. In 1778, Adam Eckart, who at one time was owner of a large body of land in and about Harrisburg, purchased two hundred and two acres of the Simpsons, and subsequently nearly all of that land. The next above Simpson was Thomas Porster, " Es- quire," who held four hundred acres. North of him was Thomas McKee, who held " about four hundred acres." The transactions in this land took place after the survey of 1759. In 1786, Adam Eckart, joiner, and Catharine his wife, conveyed to Joshua Cooper, tanner, and they to Abraham Huy, six lots of ground comprising the town of " New Philadelphia." This town-plot was three acres ; a narrow strip along the river from Herr Street to south side of Reily. It was known for many years as Pottstown, " Hard Scrabble," and other fancy names — now that row of buildings on the west side of Front Street which so much disfigures the locality of that fine thoroughfare. The adjoining owners on the survey of 1759 appear in the boundaries of this portion of the manor, with the additional names of " Eeverand John Hersha, Thomas and William Gaullaugher," whose lands were along Paxtang. 1789, Capt. John Hamilton purchased all of the Galbraith tract within the manor, — one hundred and twenty-five acres, — together with one hundred and fifty-five acres of the manor running out to the river. About the same time other parties made purchases, the whole amounting to nearly eight hundred acres ; so that it had all passed out of the ownership of Penn before Harrisburg was five years old. The next considerable transaction was in 1810, when Abraham Huy (corrupted into Huey, always, however, written by its owner Huy) conveyed one hundred and fifty acres to Christian Kunkel. This was sold by George Kunkel and David Hummel to Luther Eeily, John Whitehill, and Adam Henry Orth. Then a number of owners of parts of the manor began to appear, and as we write more than five hun- dred persons own parts of " Mister Penn's manor of Paxtang." The conveyance of any part of this land to " the low-water mark of the Susquehanna" is without right. Penn claimed only to the bank of the Susquehanna. The low-water mark bound of modern deeds is an as- sertion of a right which did not originally pertain to the land within this manor. The land in the lower portion of the city, including the First and Second Wards, and portions of the Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Wards, were of different surveys and not in John Harris' warrants. John Harris' first habitation was on the lower bank of the river, about one hundred and fifty or two hun- dred feet below the spot where now repose his re- mains. The foundation walls of this house have been seen by some of our oldest citizens. A well, dug by Mr. Harris, still exists about one hundred feet east of his grave. It was covered over about thirty years ago, but its site is easily distinguished by a small cir- cular mound of earth. In connection with his man- sion-house he erected a large range of sheds, which were sometimes literally filled with skins and furs, obtained by him in traffic with the Indians, or stored there by Indian traders, who brought them from the western country. These skins were carried, at an early day, on pack-horses to Philadelphia for sale. A representation of this log house, the original of which is in possession of Gen. Simon Cameron, is herewith given. The second John Harris inherited that portion of his father's estate upon which the borough of Harris- burg was subsequently laid out. For three-fourths of CITY OF HAKKISBUEG. 293 a century the site was known as Harris' Ferry. The ferry right was not granted until the year 1753, as by the following copy of the original document: "Thomas Penn and Eiohard Penn, Esqrs., true and absolute proprie- tnries and Governors-iu-chief of the Provinoo of Pennsylvania and counties of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex, upon Delaware. To all unto .whom these presents shall come, greeting : Whereas, It hath been rep- resented to us that the frequent passing and repassing of people over our river Susquehanna hath made it necessary that ferries should be erected and established at proper places for the ready carrying over our said river all travelers and other peraons whose business and affairs may cull them into these parts of our said province. And it being made known to us that the plantation and tract of land belonging to John Harris, of the county of Lancaster, yeoman, lying on the east side of the said river Susquehanna, in the township of Paxtang and county aforesaid, by means of the convenient situation thereof, is a proper place for erecting and keeping a ferry for that part of our said proy- aud cattle, all such reasonable toll-fees or reward as hath heretofore been accustomed, or shall be hereafter settled for the same (us, our heirs and successors, and our Lieutenant-Governor, attendants, and servants only excepted), to have and hold the said ferry privileges and profits hereby granted unto the said John Harris, his executors, administrators, and assigns, from the 1st day of March next unto the full end and term of seven yeara from thence next ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended, yielding and paying for the same yearly unto us, our heirs and successors, at the town of Lancaster, in the said county, at or upon the 1st day of March, in every year during the said term, ten English silver shillings, or the value thereof in coin current, according as the exchange shall then be between our said province and the city of London, to such per- son or persons as shall from time to time be appointed to receive the same. Provided always, and these presents are upon this condition and limita- tion, that the said John Harris, his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall from time to time, and at all times hereafter, during the said term, continue to keep, or cause to be kept, a boat or boats, scow or scows, in good sufQcieut repair, with good and sufficient persons or bands to give HARRIS 8 LOG HOUSE, 1720. ince ; and the said John Harris having requested our license for erect- ing and maintaining a ferry over the said river at the place aforesaid, and that we would be pleased to grant biro the same for a certain term of years therein expressed. Now Know Te, that in consideration of the charge and expense that must arise on providing of necessary flats and boats, and constant attendance requisite thereunto, we have given, granted, and confirmed, and by these presents, for us and our heirs, do give, grant, and confirm unto the said John Harris, his executors, ad- ministrators, and assigns, the sole privilege of keeping and occupying the said ferry over the said river at the place aforesaid, where a ferry has always been kept for the carrying over of all persons, wagons, carts, horses, and cattle traveling or passing that way, hereby strictly forbidding and prohibiting all other persons, on either side of the river, from carrying over the same, within the distance of one mile and a quarter above and below the ferry hereby settled and established, for hire, pay, or reward, in any flat, boat, or canoe, any persons or travelers, wagons, carts, horses, or cattle as aforesaid. And we do further give and grant unto the said John Harris, his executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of this grant, to take and receive from all per- sons passing over the said river, for themselves, wagons, carts, horses. attendance for the transporting, ferrying, or carrying over of all pas- sengers, wagons, carts, horses, and cattle aforesaid, according to the true intent and meaning hereof, otherwise this present grant, and every other matter and thing contained therein, shall cease, determine, and be void to all intents and purposes whatsoever. " Witness James Hamilton, Esquire, Lieutenant-Governor of the said province, who by virtue of certain powers and authorities to him for this purpose inier alia granted by the said proprietaries, hath hereunto set his hand and caused the great seal of the said province to be here- unto affixed at Philadelphia, this fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and fifty-three, the twenty-sixth year of the reign of King George ye second over Great Britain &c., and ye thirty-fifth year of ye sd. Proprietaries government. " James Hamilton, [l. a.]" In 1766, John Harris erected the large stone house on Front Street below Mulberry. Three years were consumed in its construction, and, as may be sup- posed, it was a remarkable house at that time. The 294 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. following representation is as it appeared in 1850. The building remained in the possession of ojie or another of the Harris family until about 1838, when it was purchased by Col. Thomas Elder, and at his death by the Rev. Beverly R. Waugh, in 1855, for the use of the Pennsylvania Female College, of which he was principal. The executors of Rev. Waugh's estate sold it to Gen. Simon Cameron, who remodeled it in many particulars, although the building pre- sents almost the same appearance it did originally. In the General History many facts have been given relating to occurrences during the French and In- dian and the Revolutionary wars which form a portion HARRIS MANSION, 1850. of the history of Harrisburg proper, to which our readers are referred. It is not easily surmised how many persons resided at Harris' Ferry, but there can be no doubt that as early as 1755 there was a cluster of houses in the neighborhood, and when the founder, John Harris, Jr., was induced to lay out a town at Harris' Ferry there was quite a thriving settlement. In the Philadelphia newspapers of 1784, however, we find the following advertisement : "HAERISBURG. "a new town. " The subscriber having: laid out a Town on the bauks of the Susque- hanna, adjoining the Ferry (commonly called Harris' Ferry), he now oflFers for sale or on ground rent, for such term of years us may be agreed upon, a number of LOTS in said town. This spot of ground seems de- signed by nature for the seat of a town ; its healthy, pleasant, high situ- ation ; its easy communication by water with a great part of the country ; its lying on the main road throughthe Continent, and from Philadelphia to Fort Pitt, and all the back country, points it out as one of the most con- venient and best spots for a town iti the interior parts of the State of Pennsylvania. The town may be accommodated with a very fine dock at a small expense, there being a natural canal, defended on both sides by limestone banks at its entrance into the Susquehanna, where boats and crafts will lay safe at all times. There being a great deal of Ane clay for making bricks and earthen ware, also a great plenty of wood, which will be furnished on very low terms, encouragement will be given to brick-makers, potters, and other tradesmen. For terms apply to "John Haqbis." The same year John Harris made the following proposals to the General Assembly, which was quite opportune, for the question of the formation of a new county from the upper part of Lancaster County was agitating that body, and these proposals no doubt tended greatly to influence the Assembly in selecting Harris' Ferry as the seat of justice : " Philadelphia, March 3, 1784. *' Pro^oadU of John Harrif for the Uiying out of a Town on his Land, on the River Stuguekannah. " That the said John Harris will immediately (if encouraged by Gov- ernment) lay out a Town of Two hundred lots, on the high grounds above his present dwelling house, the lots of about the Quantity of a Quarter of an acre each, in such form, with respect to streets, lanes and alleys, as the CJommissioners may approve, a large street to be left for Publick landings along the Biver side. That the said John Harris agrees that the Honorable Assembly of this Commonwealth shall appoint Com- missioners to value his said lots, after reserv- ing Twenty Lots for his own use: That the s'd John Harris will convey all the streets, lanes and alleys to the inhabitants of s'd Town, and will convey to proper Commis- sioners a lot for a Court House & Jail, and a square of Four Acres to the State of Pensil- vania, for such purposes as the Government may apply the same : the applyers to have it at their choice to take the lots on a reasonable Groundrent, or to purchase the fee simple of the same : The Commissioners in both cases to be Judges : That as soon as the s'd Two Hundred lots are built on or disposed of, should there be a further demand for lots, the s'd John Harris engages, that the Pub- lick shall be accommodated at a reasonable ''*'^- "John Haebis." During that month (March, 1784) occurred the great ice-flood, and which came very near opera- ting seriously as to the distinction which awaited it the following year. This terrible inundation was caused by the ice moving early in the winter, when, by a sudden change of weather, the river fell rapidly, and left the ice in large masses on Cox's and other islands above the present city, and in shoal water. The weather became intensely cold, so cold that the water did not drop off the houses for six weeks. The masses of ice froze to the bottom of the river. In March the river rose suddenly. At first the ice was immovable, and before it gave way the water reached the height of four feet in the first story of the brick house occu- pied at present by L. N. Ott' five miles above Harris- burg, and at the stone house (then Foulk's) near Dr. Heck's saw-mill the water was about two feet deep in the parlor. A log mill on the McAllister farm was carried off and landed behind Rockville. Two houses in Coxestown were taken off. Large quantities of water and ice passed down Paxtang Creek, and im- mense deposits of ice were made between Harris' Ferry (now Paxtang Street) and Pifer's Hill, on the east side of the creek, which (the late Thomas Elder said) laid until the month of May. This flood de- terred John Harris from laying out the town on the low grounds below his stone house. CITY OF HARRISBURG. 295 In 1785 the new county of Dauphin was formed. In fulfillment of his proposition to the General As- sembly the following conveyance from John Harris to the commissioners was drawn up by William Maclay, his son-in-law. This conveyance, of the date of the 6th of July, 1785, recites : ..." By virtue of which said several grants, devices, and convey- ances the title to the land on which the town of Harrisburg, in the county of Danphin, is situated is legally vested in the said John Harris, his heirs, and assigns; And whereas in and by a certain bond or obliga- tion duly executed by the said John Harris to the State of Pennsylvania for the sum of five thousand pounds lawful monies of the same State hearing date the 4th day of March, in the year of our Lord one thou- sand seven hundred and eighty-flve, conditioned for the faithful per- formance of all and singular the agreements, promises, engagements, articles, matters, and things which he liad therein undertaken to do and perform, among other things did covenant to, and with Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowden, and William Brown, as follows: Wliereas the Bepresentatives of the freemen of the said Com- monwealth in General Assembly met, in and by a certain bill before tliem now depending, have resolved to erect part of the county of Lan- caster into a separate county to be known and called by the name of the county of Dauphin, and that the seat of Justice in the said county of Dauphin shall be fixed at or near the place of the said John Harris' residence, and that Joshua Elder, Jacob Awl, Andrew Stewart, William Brown, and James Cowden, or any three of them shall be commissioners for certain purposes, in the said bill mentioned ; And Whereas the said John Harris in order to promote the good intentious of the said General Assembly in Inxing the seat of Justice at the said place, to enable tlie said commissioners to regulate the laying ont a county town there to public advantage, and to promote the more speedy settletnent thereof by a liberal encouragement to purchasers hath promised, covenanted, and agreed to, and with the said commissioners, that as soon as the said bill shall be passed into a law he, the said John Harris, will without delay lay out two liundred lots containing about one-quarter acre each on the high grounds near his present dwelling-house on Ihe bank of the river Susquehanna as a site for the said county town, and that with tlie same lots shall be laid out such streets, lanes, and alleys as the said commissioners or a majority of them shall direct, which streets shall be confirmed for public use forever; and that he will also lay out a large street along the river for publiclanding places; And Whereas the said Jolin Harris in consideration of the promises and other good causes hatli also promised, covenanted, and agreed to and with the said intended commis-sioners that in case the said bill shall be passed into a law he will upon request convey to the said commissioners, or any three of them and their heirs a good and sufidcient lot of ground for erecting a Court-House ?ind gaol thereon in trnst for the use of the inhabitants of the said county of Dauphin." [Here follows a quotation from the act erecting the new county.] "Now this indenture witnesseth that in consideration of the premises and for and in consideration of the sum of five shillings lawful money of Pennsylvania to them the said John Hari-is and Mary his wife in hand paid by the said Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowden, and William Brown at and before the ensealing and delivery of these presents the receipt of which sum of five shillings they the said John Harris and Mary his wife do hereby acknowledge, and thereof, and .every thereof do acquit re- lease the said Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cow- den, and William Brown their and each of their heirs, executors, admin- istrators, and assigns, and every of them have granted, bargained, sold, released, enfeoffed, and confirmed, and by these presents do grant, bar- gain, sell, allien, release, enfeof, and confirm unto the said Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowden, and Williiim Brown, their heirs and assigns, all the streets, lanes, alleys, or highways as laid out by the commissioners of, in, and for the town of Hanisburg aforesaid, in the county of Dauphin, the butts, boundaries, courses, distances, length, and breadth thereof are as follows :" [Front, Paxtang, Second, Market, Third. Pine, Locust, Walnut, Chestnut, and Mulberry Streets, River, Kaspberry, Barbara, Cranberry, Strawberry, Blackberry, and Cherry Alleys are here described] "And in consideration of the further sum of five shillings lawful money aforesaid to them the said John Harris and Mary his wife in hand well and truly paid by the said Jacob Awl, Andrew Stewart, Joshua Elder, James Cowden, and William Brown, the receipt thereof is hereby acknowledged and thereof and every part ■ thereof the said Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cow- den, iind Williaiii Brown, their and each of their heirs are fully ac- quitted and forever discharged, have granted, bargained, sold, released, alliened, enfeoffed, and confirmed, and by these presents do grant, bar- gain, sell, allien, release, enfeoff, and confirm unto them the said Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowden, and William Brown, their heirs and assigns /owr certain lots of ground in the aforesaid town of Harrisburg, marked on the general plan of said town Nos. 120, 121, 142, 143, situated and bounded as follows : Beginning at a corner where Raspberry Alley intersects Market Street, thence along the line of Mar- ket Street to the line that divides lots Nos. 141 and 142 ; thence on the same division line crossing Strawberry Alley to Walnut Street ; thence on the line of Walnut Street to Raspberry Alley ; thence down the line of said alley to the place of beginning." Other conveyances were made at the same date, one of which refers to the " Ferry Lot," that " in consideration of the sum of five shillings," John and Mary Harris also conveyed to Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowden, and William Brown, in trust for the use of the public, " a certain lot of ground in the town of Harrisburg called and known as tlie ' Ferry Lot,' beginning at a post marked for a corner on the line of Front Street, thence north 37 degrees east 10 perches to a corner; thence 53 degrees west 4 perches to a corner ; thence south 37 degrees west 10 perches to the place of be- ginning, containing one quarter of an acre, together with all and singular the rights, liberties, privileges, hereditaments, and appurtenances whatsoever there- unto belonging.'' With these conveyances was a map or draft of the town, a copy of which, made a few years subsequent, is reproduced for this volume. The original plan in- cluded all the ground inclosed within the following lines : From the Susquehanna River out Mulberry Street to Dewberry Alley, up to Cherry Alley, out to Fourth Street, up to Walnut Street, into High Street (which was laid out back of the old arsenal), up to the Maclay line on the lower side of South Street, then in to the river, and down to the beginning, and is certified to in the following words : " We, the subscribed commissioners appointed to carry into effect the proposals of John Harris respecting the laying out of the county town for the county of Dauphin, do hereby make known that the said town, with respect to the size of the lots, disposition of the streets, lanes and alleys, and the choice of the public grounds, waa laid out under our direction and inspection agreeably to the adjoining plan of the said town, the said lots in general containing about one quarter of an acre each, and extending in front 523>^ feet with a depth of 210 feet, with some unavoidable variations in particular courses, as may easily be seen by inspection, the whole being laid down from a scale of 200 feet to an inch. Witness our hands the 14th day of April, 1785. " Jacob Awl, " Joshua Elber, " Andrew Stewart, " James Cowden, " William Brown." Another conveyance was made at the same time (July 6, 1785) by Harris to the commissioners, in trust for the use of the commonwealth in case the seat of government should be fixed at Harrisburg, four acres and twenty-one perches of land, being that portion of the Capitol Park south of the South Street line. The deed conveying this trust recites : " In consideration of the sum of five shillings, grant, bargain, sell, re- lease, and enfeoff, and confirm unto Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowden, and William Brown, their heirs and assigns, in trust /or public use, and such purposes as the Legislature shall hereafter direct, a certain lot or piece of ground, situated in the said town of Har- 296 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. rieburg, in the said county of DauphiD, marked on the general plan of the said town ' Public Ground,' situated and bounded as followB : Beginning at a post marked for a corner on the linee of Third and Walnut Streets; thence along the said Walnut Street north thirty-seven degrees east seventeen perches and a quarter to a post marked for a corner; thence north thirty-five degrees west thirty-one perches to a black oak ; thence south fifty-seven degrees west twenty-three perches to a post marked for a corner on the line of Third Street ; thence down the said street south forty-five degrees east thirty-seven perches to the place of beginning." Deed Book A contains many conveyances of John Harris, and we must give him credit for his care and watchfulness over the interests of the future people of the goodly town which would hear his name. The first John Harris died in December, 1748, and was buried in the inclosure on the bank of the Susque- hanna. The deed of conveyance of this burial-lot by the commissioners is as follows : " This indenture, made the twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, between Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowden, and William Brown, all of the county of Dauphin and Commonwealth of Pennsyl- vania, gentlemen, of the one part, and John Harris, of Harrisburg, county and State aforesaid, of the other part, witnesseth : That the said Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowden, and William Brown, in consideration of the sum of five shillings, lawful money of Pennsylvania, to them in hand well and truly paid by the said John Harris, at and before the execution of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and from the payment thereof the said John Harris, his heirs, executors, administrators, assigns are fully acquitted and forever discharged, have granted, bargained, sold, released, enfeoflFed, and confirmed, and by these presents do grant, bargain, sell, and release, enfeofr, and confirm unto him, the said John Harris, his heirs and as- Bigns, a certain lot of ground, situate on the common or front street of the town of Harrisburg, where John Harris was buried, beginning at a mulberry-tree on the southwest side of the stone dwelling-house of the said John Harris, thence from the said mulberry-tree on the nortli side so as to contain fifteen feet sguare, together with all and singular the rights, liberties, privileges, hereditaments, and appurtenances whatso- ever to tlie same belonging or in anywise appertaining, and the rever- sion and reversions, remainder and remainders, rents, issues, and profits thereof, and all the estate, right, title, interest, use, possession, claim, and demand whatsoever, of them, the said Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, An- drew Stewart, James Cowden, and William Brown, of, in, and to the same,*to have and to hold the said lot and premises hereby granted or mentioned, or intended so to be, with the appurtenances unto him, the said John Harris, bis heirs and assigns, to the only proper use, .benefit, and behoof of him, the said John Harris, his heirs and assigns, forever ; and the said Jacob Awl, Joshua Elder, Andrew Stewart, James Cowden, and William Brown, for themselves, their heirs, executors, administra- tors, and assigns, do covenant, grant, and agree, to and with the said John Harris, his heirs and assigns, the said described lot of ground, hereditaments, and appurtenances against them, the said grantors, their heirs and assigns, and against all and every other person and persons lawfully claiming, or to claim by, from, or under them, or either of them, jointly and severally warrant and forever defend by these pres- ents. In witness whereof, the parties to these presents have inter- changeably set their hands and seals the day and year first above written. "Jacob Awl, [seal.] [seal.] "Andh. Stewart, [seal.] "Jab. Cowden, [seal.] "Wm. Brown. [seal.] "Sealed and delivered in presence of us— "J. Montgomery, "John A. Hanna. "Received, on the day of the date of the above written indenture, of the therein named, the sum of five shillings, being in full for the con- sideration money therein mentioned by us. "Jacob Awl, "Jas. Cowden, "Wm. Brown. "Witness: "J. Montgomery, "John A. Hanna." In more recent years the descendants of John Harris secured from the borough authorities an addi- tional ^VQ feet of ground, thus making the grave- yard twenty feet square, which they surrounded by a handsome iron railing.. With all these conveyances by the proprietor for the benefit of the present city, the county, and the State, it would be only a mark of gratitude to place some befitting memorial of the good founder of the town where the ashes of the old pio- neer, whom the former so highly reverenced, repose. The late George Washington Harris, in one of the early directories (Napey's) of the town, gave the fol- lowing data concerning the town when first laid out: "When the town was first laid out the old orchard belonging to the mansion bouse extended up to about the line of Mulberry Street. About the intersection of Mulberry Street with Second Street was a ridge, from which the ground descended from six to ten feet to the present Market Square, and the water ran from the square upwards and into the river along the channel which is under the bridge now erected across Front Street above Walnut. At this time the ground above Market Street was chiefiy in woods. " Mr. B-obert Harris, who died in the year 1851, frequently saw several bears killed in the river in one day. In the fall of the year they would come down from the mountains to thejcornfields, and were quite abund- ant in the neighborhood. It was quite common to see them while riding along the roads. The farmers when going out to plow would frequently take their guns to guard against their depredations. On one occasion Mr. Robert Harris with his sister, Mrs. Hanna, were playing at the river near the mouth of the run at the end of Walnut Street. A thicket of bushes extended up along the run. Some boys came running from a barn on the bank and told them that two bears were coming down the run. They scampered up the bank, when presently the bears came along and took into the river. " On another occasion a man named Rennick, with some others, went in pursuit of a bear. When the canoe approached near to it, Rennick made a stroke at the bear with his socket-pole, but missed it. He either lost his balance or was drawn overboard by the weight of the pole, and the bear struck him with his paw and tore his cheek open. "Wild turkeys were also abundant here at this period. John Harris shot wild turkeys from the door of his store-house. Beaver and otter were then and afterwards killed along Paxton Creek and ou the islands in the neighborhood. "The town as laid out by John Harris extended as far down the bank as Mulberry Street, and the lot on the corner of Front and Mulberry Streets, owned by the heirs of Valentine Egle, was No. 1 on the plan of the town. In the course of a few years afterwards extended the plan down to Mary's Alley, which bounds the store-house lot on the upper side. His executors, in 1792, extended the plan of lots iarther down. " There is no house, except the Harris mansion on Front Street, yet standing within the limits of Harrisburg which is certainly known to have been erected before the towu was laid out. " John Hamilton erected the first permanent embellishment to the town, after Harris' stone house, by building a brick house at the upper corner of Jront Street and Blackl)erry Alley and the large establishment for his^store on the corner of Market Square and Market Street, which was known a few years ago as the ' Washington House,' but since replaced by a new structure, termed the 'Jones House.' Mr. Hamilton carried on an extensive trade with the Western settlers. In place of the pres- ent rapid mode ofcouveying merchandise and passengers to Pittsburgh he kept large numbei-s of horses and mules, and every few weeks his caravans set out * for the West,' ladened with salt, powder, lead etc. "The first clergyman established in the town was Rev. Joseph Mont- gomery, a Presbyterian. His first discourse, it is said, was delivered iu the lot where recently stood the ruins of the Presbyterian Church on a pleasant afternoon in the mouth of June. The congregation— the en- tire village— were sheltered by two or three large apple-trees and some noble oaks, the primitive growth of the forest. " Chief Justice McKean resided here for some time, at least when Congress sat at York. He lived in a substantial one-story log house, .* short distance above what is now Locust Street. He wore an immense cocked hat, and had great deference shown him by the counti-y people and the straggling Indians, who had their village a short distance from ORIGINAL PLAT Of THE '^"^''■K^ BOROUGH or HARRISBURG, WITH ADDITIONS FROM 1785 TO 1808. I- ^ «>. S «: S8 5; S; * 6; .8; fc ^ is i6 ? s 1 §^§ § * 5^ & ? ^ ^ C^ § ^ s ^ s ft fe 1 ^ ^ ^^ a g .yf&tfikef JYj-m/ Sofeet uiJp, •s « is ■;, ^ 5S fe S ^ ^ ^ .^ fe i 5- ^ i i i ^ C^fsnti/ Street =*) ^ a ' ft "^ Ol t-> s. 5? >. i u, f= N- .Millrrry 1 ^ g a 1 1 — 1 .* ^ a ? N 1 s CITY OF HARRISBURG. 297 the town. When ho and the other judges of the Supreme Court came to the town to hold court numbers of the citizens would go out ou horseback to meet them and escort them to town. Sometimes one or two hundred people would attend on this occasion. And each morning while the chief Justice was in town holding court the sheriff and con- stables escorted him from his lodgings to the court-room. When on the bench he sat with his cocked hat on, and was dressed in u scarlet gown." The town was called by the founder Hareisbueg, and the minutes of the second court held in the town are dated Harrisburg. On the 3d of August, 1786, the following appears : " The name of the County Town or Seat of the Courts is altered from Harris- burg to Louisbourgh in consequence of the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth so styling it in the commissions of the Justices of the said Town." This was surely a piece of impertinence. When the act of Assembly was passed in 1785 estab- lishing Dauphin County, it fixed the seat of govern- ment near Harris' Ferry. As John Harris had laid out the town, and offered lots therein for county pur- poses, the privilege was accorded him of naming the town. But Chief Justice Thomas McKean and some other of the judges of the Supreme Court conceived the notion that" as the county was called after the Dauphin of France, the town should be called Louis- burgh, after Louis XVI. At this time the prejudices of the people ran high in favor of France for the aid that kingdom had given America during the Revolu- tion. Besides, Judge McKean and John Harris had had a personal difiiculty, which occurred about the time the former was leaving Harrisburg, after his residence here; and, perhaps, being influenced by motives of hostility towards Mr. Harris, Mr. McKean strongly urged that the town should be called Louis- burgh. Accordingly, in the first precept for hold- ing the courts here the court was directed to be held at Louisburgh. John Harris, however, told the judges that they might " Louisbourgh" as much as they pleased, but that he would never execute a title for any lot in any other name than that of Harris- burg, and his determination prevailed. In September, 1786, occurred the "Pumpkin flood." The bottom lands on the head-waters of the river, and especially of the North Branch and in New York State, had been planted principally with pumpkins. These came down in enormous quantities. Esquire Montgomery, who was a clerk in the recorder's office as early as 1790, frequently stated that " for two whole days the river looked as if a person could walk over it on pumpkins.'' Small houses, hay-stacks, grain- stacks, with chickens on them, etc., came down in great numbers. There is a question in regard to the height of the water at that flood compared with the flood of 1865. It is supposed the water attained about the same level in each. In the Pumpkin flood flats passed from Harris' Ferry across Second Street to the hills. At that time there was a brick-yard north of Paxtang Street east of the canal above the old creek bridge. The sheds were probably on the highest spot. In that flood the only part of the sheds visible was the comb. At the bank of the river in front of Chestnut Street, before the filling up done of late years, there was a first and second bank ; the first bank has been almost obliterated. The ''Pumpkin flood" was about half-way between the first and second bank. In 1826, when the engineers were locating the Pennsyl- vania Canal on the ground between Paxtang Street and the mouth of the creek, Abraham Bombaugh, who had seen both the floods of 1784 and 1786, told them they were locating the canal too low ; they seemed surprised, but he told them that he had seen the water over the whole of that ground deep enough to drown them where they stood. The population of the town must have increased wonderfully. In the assessment for 1785 the return for Lower Paxtang included Harrisburg, and it is only in 1787 that the assessments of Louisburgh and Middletown appear distinctively from the rural por- tion of that township. One hundred and forty- three names are recorded in Louisburgh, showing a population of about six hundred persons. The words in brackets are necessary additions to the original for a proper understanding of the list. LIST OF TAXABLE INHABITANTS OF LOUISBURGH FOR 1787. Jacob Allen, b. [blacksmith]. And'w Armstrong, jail keeper. Jas. Anderson, saddler. Jas. Beatly, weaver. Alex. Barr, mason. Samuel Boyd, storekeeper. Conrad Bombaugh, tavern. Edward Burke, s[hoe]maker. John Boyd, carpenter. John Brooks, joiner, Henry Bruner. Samuel Berryhill, cabinet maker. Robert Barr, marble mason. Jas. Burns. Adam Boyd, Jent [Gentleman]. Henry Beader, b[rewer]. M. Balsley, PI. [Plasterer]. John Cooper, joiner, Martin Creer [Greir]. William Crabb, tavern. John A. Cumfort, hatter. Christian Cunkle [Kunkel], Peter Oraybil [Greybill], distiller. John Creamer [Kremer], mill- wright. Andrew Coulter, mason. Michael Kapp, commissioner. John Cain [Kean], Esq. * Jos. Chambers, stonemason. John Chambers. John Clark. John Connolly, tailor. Peter Denig, wheelwright. Richard Dixon, blacksmith. James Duncan Taylor. John Dentzell, doctor. Wm, Dickey, silversmith. Dr. Dill. Jas. Floyd. Jacob Henning, hatter. Peter Harper. George Erwin [Irwin], storekeeper. John Ebbit, saddler. James Elliott, lock8[mith], John Ewigh. John Ebert, saddler. Persifor Frazer, carpenter. Henry Fulton, storekeeper. George Fridley, smith. George Firestone, taylor. Francis Forgisson [Ferguson]. Andrew Forrest, doctor. Rowley Frazer, Jesse Gilbert, tavern. Samuel Grimes, tavern, Moses Gilmore, storekeeper, John Galbraith, William Glass, joiner, Alexander Graydon, prothoty. William Graydon, Esq,, attorney. Peter Hersha, doctor. William Hinson. John Hogg [Hoge]. George Hoover, carpenter. Valentine Hurtur [Horter], butcher. John Hatner, shoemaker. Adam Hooker, tavern. John Harris. [J] Joseph Henry, Esq., attorney. George Haier [Hoyer], tavern. John Hamilton. John Hefley, shoemaker. John A. Hanna, Esq., attorney, George Hutman, h[atter], William Ingram, wheelwright. James McNamara, shoemaker. Anthony Lopsy. Widow Kiger (Geiger), b[lack- smith]. John Kela [Keeler]. Richard King, mason. George McKiuley. Samuel Millward, 298 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Fred. Meredith Morgan, ahoe- maker. Joseph Montgomery, Esq., re- corder. ^ Origer Martin. William Moore, carp. Moses Moss, doctor. John McClelland, storekeeper. John Mechesney [McChesney] Jas. Mitchell. William McClintock. William Murray, carpenter. Patrick Murray, taylor. John Norton, joiner. Andrew Newman, joiner. Adam Natcher, tavern. Balzer Natcher, tavern. George Nox [Knox], Alexander Powers. Johu Pool, carpenter. Jacob Misb, tanner. Wm. Roane, prisoner [at Arm- strong's]. Geo. Bobson, storekeeper. Geo. Redish. Jeremy. Rees. William Stewart, painter, Adam Snider, carpenter. Batch Frederick Hass. Nicholas Bowers, John Harris. Richard Still. Samuel Good. James Stephenson, tavern. Peter Solinger [Zollinger], Jacob Solinger [Zollinger], tavern. Jacob Seltzer. James Sawyers. Joseph Smith, coppersmith. Robert Stephenson, blacksmith. John Shield. Conrad Sheep [Sboop?] Jonathan Titsworth. Charles Troy, barber. David Scarlet. George Sashbaugh. George Switzer. George Shriter. George Hess. Fredk. Keart. Henry Rodrofr[Rothruflr]. William White. Henry Wooster. Samuel Weir, tavern. Margaret Wiley. John Watt, brickmnker. Jacob Wilschance [Welshanze] Jacob Weaver, tavern. Hannah Wickersham, widow. Adam Zantzinger. Frederick Feals. William Duncan, James Boggs. Jacob Beasted. William Wanlass. Other names of bachelors are added in different penmanship, but they have been rejected, as they do not appear on any subsequent roll. CHAPTER II. Harrisburg in 1787— In 1788— The Federal Seat of Government— Har- risburg erected into a Borough- First Assessment of the Borqpgh- Whiskey Insurrection— Address of the Burgesses to President Wash- ington, and his Reply. In July, 1787, the Rev. Manasseh Cutler, on his way to the Ohio, passed through Harrisburg, and left this description of the place in his journal : " This is a beautiful town. It contains about one hundred houses, all built in less than three years, many of them brick, some of them three story, built in the Phila- delphia style; all appear very neat. A great num- ber of taverns, with handsome signs ; houses all two- story ; large windows. About one-half of the people are English. People were going to meeting; they meet in private houses; have no churches yet. Peo- ple appear very well dressed, some gay." This was the second year from the founding of the town, and is a pretty good description of the place at that time. Middletown and Lebanon were larger towns, but the location of the county-seat at Harrisburg gave an impetus to its growth and prosperity, and it was in a few years ahead of its rivals, and has rapidly main- tained its supremacy. The next account of Harrisburg is in April, 1788, when John Penn, son of Thomas Penn, and grand- son of William Penn, made a journey from Philadel- phia to Carlisle to look after some of the Proprietary estates there. He set out from Philadelphia on the 6th of April, 1788, on horseback, reached Reading the next day, where he tarried until the 9th, when he pursued his way towards the Susquehanna. We now quote from his journal : ** April 10. Rose by six o'clock, and after breakfast set out in order to sleep at Harrisburg, the chief town of Dauphin County, and which was proposed to be the seat of government. Passed some mills a few miles from thence, at Tulpehocken Creek, which afterwards meets the road somewhat farther in a very picturesque spot. On the eastern side of this is a most elegant new Lutheran Church. On tlie western is a Cal- vanist^s, called here, by way of distinction, a Presbyterian, Church. After riding through a village I came to Lebanon, a handsome town, containing some hundred inhabitants. This place is decorated by a spire, and the houses are well built, many of them stone or brick. It not being distant enough, the hoi^es were baited at Millerstown, a small village half-way, and twenty miles from Harrisburg, or Harris's Ferry. About sunset I had a fine view of this town from an high p3.rt of the road, the river Susquehanna flowing between its woody and cultivated banks close to the town. Mr. Harris, the owner and founder of this town, informed me that three years ago there was but one house built, and seemed to possess that pride and pleasure in his success which ^neas envied. " ' Felices illi, quorum jam meenia surgunt !* "Though the courts are held here generally, Lebanon is infinitely larger. The situation of this place is one of the finest I ever saw. One good point of view is the tavern, almost close to the jiver. This was the bouse which stood alone so many years. It is called the Compass, and is one of the first public-houses in Pennsylvania. The room I had is twenty-two feet square, and high in proportion. " April 11. After breakfasting, about eight, with Mr. Harris, we walked together to the ferry, when he gave me two pieces of information, one of an isUnd he purchased of us, which the war prevented us from con- firming to him, and the other of the delinquency of one Litso, who wishes to detain the money due in part for a farm over the Susquehanna, though there is an incumbrance in our favor on it to the amount of six or seven hundred pounds, going on upon interest. The waters being high, we ferried across with ditficulty, and almost dropped down to a very rapid part below the landing place, but at length escaped a disa- greeable situation. About two miles from the river passed the house of Whitehill, the Assemblyman, and arrived about three at Carlisle, seven- teen miles off." Mr. Penn remained at Carlisle until the 13th, when he commenced his return to Philadelphia. He thus proceeds : "April 13. Rose early in order to see a cave near Conedoguinet Creek, in wliich water petrifies as it drops from the roof. Returned and pur- sued my route to a place called Lisburn, tho' it proved somewhat out of my way. Just at this spot the country is romantic. The name of the creek running thro' it, YeJlow-breeches OreeJc, may, indeed, be unworthy of it. From hence the road lay thro' woods till the Susquehanna, and Harrisburg at a distance, denoted that the ferry was at hand. I crossed the river about three and a half o'clock, surrounded by enchant- ing prospects. The ride to Middletown is along the eastern bank, and exhibits a striking example of the greai, in the opposite one, rising to a vast height, and wooded close to the water's edge for many miles. From this vast forest, and the expansive bed of the river navigable to its source for craft carrying two tons burdens, the ideas of grandeur and immensity rush forcibly upon the mind, mixed with the desert- wilderness of an un- inhabited scene. The first particular object on this road is Simpson's house, the owner of the ferry where I crossed. It is on a rock across the river. At Middletown I put up at one More's, who was a teacher for- meriy at Philadelphia of Latin and Greek. He talketf very sensibly chiefiy on subjects which discovered him to be a warm Tory, and friend of passive obedience. Unlike many Tories, he is an enemy of the new Constitution. Here the Great Swatara joins the Susquehanna, and a very fine mill is kept at their confluence by Mr. Frey, a Dutchman, to whom I carried a letter from Mr. D. Clymer. "Several trees, before I arrived at the Susquehanna ferry, had been girdled, as it is termed, that is, cut all around thro' the bark, so aa to CITY OF HAEKISBURG. 299 prevent their contiuuing alive. This operation in a country ao abound- ing in timber, saves the too great trouble of cutting down every tree whose leaves might obstruct the men's operation upon the corn. "April 14. Before my departure Mr. Frey showed me his excellent mill and still more extraordinary mill-stream, running from one part of the Swatara for above a mile till it rejoins it at the month. It was cut by himself, with great expense and trouble, and is the only work of the kind in Pennsylvania. Middletown is in a situation as beautiful as it is adapted to trade, and already of a respectable size. I left it threatened by rain, which came on rather violently soon after, and the roads proved the worst of the whole journey, till that time. I passed thro' Elizabeth- town, eight miles off, and over the creeks (or small rivers) of Conewago and Ohickesalunga. As you leave Dauphin for Lancaster Oonnty, the lands improve, and at a place half-way from Middletown, where I stopped for my horses, and to avoid the rain, it was said to be worth £15 per acre. There are some handsome farm-houses nearer Lancaster. The town itself has a far superior appearance to any I had passed thro*. The streets are regular, and the sides are paved with brick, like Phila- delphia, or else stone; and separated by posta from the street." The question of fixing, permanently, the seat of the Federal government, began to occupy public atten- tion shortly after the close of the Revolutionary war; and was strongly agitated in the Congress of 1789, then in session at New York. The question was first submitted to the House of Representatives of that body in the shape of the following resolution, which, with the subsequent information, the author gleans from the Pennsylvania Packet, published at Philadel- phia, in the year above stated : " Beaolved, That a permanent seat for the government of the United States ought to be fixed as near the centre of wealth, population and extent of territory as shall be consistent with the convenience of the Atlantic navigation, having also a due regard to the circumstances of the western countrj'." Adopted. Mr. Goodhue observed that the members from the Eastern and North- ern States had contemplated the subject of a permanent .seat of the Fed- eral Government with deliberation. They had turned their eyes to dif- ferent parts of the country, and had at last, after a mutual and full consultation, come to an agreement that the banks of the Susquehanna was as far south and as near the centre of the population and extent of territory as was consistent with other circumstances important to the country. They felt disposed to be governed by principles of accommo- dation, and were of opinion that the banks of the Susquehanna ought to be chosen for the permanent residence of Congress. He concluded by reading a resolution to this effect. Mr. Hartley supported the resolution, and pointed out Wright's Ferry as an eligible place. Mr. lee moved to amend, by fixing the seat of government on the Potomac instead of the Susquehanna. Not agreed to,— yeas20, nays 31. Mr. Madison proposed to amend, by leaving it discretional to be either on the Potomac or the Susquehanna. Not agreed to,— year 20, nays 31. On a subsequent day the House of Representatives, in committee of the whole, proceeded to consider the resolution of Mr. Goodhue, which read as follows : " Sesolved, In the opinion of this committee, that the permanent seat of government of the United States ought to be at some convenient place on the east bank of the Susquehanna Eiver, in the State of Penn- sylvania, etc." Mr. Hiester moved to insert after the words, " Susquehanna Eiver the words " between Harriaburg and MiddUlawn, inclueive." A lengthy and spirited debate occurred, participated in by nearly all the principal members of the Hoise, those from the Northern and Eastern States generally favoring the amendment, and those from the South opposing it. The amendment was finally lost. Several other amendments were proposed and lost, and the original resolution was carried. In committee of the whole House next day it was resolved that the Secretary of the Treasury be directed to borrow the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, to be repaid in twenty years, with five per cent, inter- est, for the purpose of erecting the necessary buildings on the bank of the Susquehanna. Mr. Fitzsimmons moved for the " appointment of commissioners to examine and report upon the most eligible situatiou for the public buildings on the Susquehanna, and that they he authorized, by and with the advice of the President, to purchase such quantity of lands as may be thought necessary," etc. Mr. Hartley said the State of Pennsylvania, both by its convention and Legislature, had made the cession of the jurisdiction by Congress over any district of ten miles square in the State that might be selected for the seat of government. The resolution of Mr. Fitzsimmons, after being so amended as to make the acts of the commissioners subject to the approval or rejection by the President, whs adopted, — yeas 28, nays 21 The resolution went to the Senate, which body struck out all relating to the Susquehanna, and inserted a clause fixing the permanent seat of government at Germantown, Pa. The House at first agreed to the clause, but refused to concur with some subsequent action of the Senate thereon, and pending the further consideration of the subject, Congress adjourned sine die forthat year. At the session of 1790 the question was again brought before Congress, and created an intense ex- citement throughout the country. The Northern and Eastern members w«re strenuous in their efforts to. prevent the seat of government being located south of the Susquehanna River, while, on the other hand, the Southern and Western members were just as active in their labors to prevent it being located on the Susquehanna, or at any point north or east of that river. The vote on the question was divided equally. Finally this sectional feeling became so strong as to endanger the safety of the Union itself, and Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, and other pa- triots earnestly sought to effect a compromise, but were unsuccessful. At last, by changing the votes of one or two of the Northern members, brought about through the instrumentality of Mr. Jefferson, a bill, pretty much in the shape of that proposed at the pre- vious session, passed Congress fixing the site of the seat of government on the banks of the Potomac, at such place as should be selected by commissioners under the direction of the President. The act to erect the town of Harrisburg into a bor- ough was passed on the 13th day of April, 1791, and an act to alter the same without interfering with the boundaries originally laid down was approved Feb. 1, 1808, on the ground "that experience has fully proved that, owing to a difference in the local situa- tion of the places, and various other causes, the act of Assembly for erecting the town of Reading into a borough, however applicable to the purposes for which it was originally intended by the Legislature, is not well calculated for the good government of the bor- ough of Harrisburg ; therefore be it enacted that the said town of Harrisburg shall continue and forever remain a borough, under the name and title of the 'Borough of Harrisburg;' the extent and limits of which shall be the same as in the original law, to wit : Beginning at low water mark ■ on the eastern shore of the Susquehanna River; thence by the pine- apple-tree north sixty degrees and one quarter east seventy-nine perches to an ash-tree on the west bank of Paxtang Creek; thence by the several corners thereof three hundred and twenty-three perches to a white hickory on William Maclay's line ; thence by the same south sixty-seven and three-quarter degrees 300 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. west two hundred and twelve perches to a marked chestnut-oak on the eastern bank of the Susque- hanna ; thence by the same course to low water mark to the place of beginning." On the 16th day of May, 1791, the court records contain the following: "The name of the county town is altered to Harrisburg in pursuance to an act of Assembly creating it into a borough under that name, passed 13th of April, 1791." Thus at last justice was done the founder of the town. To George Hoyer belongs the credit of being the first burgess of the borough of Harrisburg. The minutes, however, of the early borough councils are not to be found, and, save in the files of early newspapers yet pre- served, little is known of the workings of that legis- lative body. John Harris, the founder of Harrisburg, died July 29, 1791, and is buried in the graveyard of Paxtang Church. He was sixty-five years of age. On the 4th of February, 1792, the following pream- ble and resolution " was made and seconded by Mr. Potts and Mr. Hanna" in the General Assembly, looking towards the incorporation of a company for the establishing a manufactory in Harrisburg. More properly it was for affording facilities therefor by the construction of a canal from Hunter's Falls. The bed of this canal was to be Paxtang Creek. The resolution passed, a bill was matured and presented, but the fear of impeding the navigation of the Sus- quehanna by a shot-wing dam, which was deemed necessary by the projectors of this scheme, occa- sioned its defeat. This plan was, nevertheless, con- sidered for a long time a feasible one. Harrisburg was undoubtedly then, as it is now, a desirable point for the establishment of manufactories, and had any one of the numerous plans for supplying water-power to the town been carried out, there can be no doubt that it would have added greatly to its wealth and prosperity : "As the attention of the Citizens of the United States are now very properly engaged iu promoting many useful improTements for increasing the wealth and happiness of the people of each particular State ; and the recent report of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United Slates and others who have lately published their Sentiments on the subject have clearly, demonstrated the great advantages which must result from es- tablishing Manufactories in this Country; to engross the time of this House with Arguments iu their favour, would be entirely superfluous. It is only necessary to suggest some of the many concurring circumi stances which point out the Borrough of Harrisburg, as a very eligible place for that purpose, not only, as being on the waters of an extensive inland navigation, where the raw materials for different kinds of Manu- facturies may be obtained with great ease and plenty, and the reduced price of provisions, occasioned by the distance from foreign navigation, will always contribute to an equal reduction in the price of labor; but also, the great ease with which the waters of Susquehanna may be brought out of that River at or near Hunter's falls, along Paxtang Creek, for the Accommodation of the Bdroiigh, and to provide a suffi- cient force in aid of manual Labour, in every branch of Mannfactoi-y which will admit of machinery" assistance, iu the most extensive manner. "Resolved, That a Committee be appointed to enquire into the pro- priety, to bring in a Bill to be passed into a Law, to authorize the Gov- ernor to incorporate a Company for establishing a manufactory in the Borough of Harrisburg, and for opening a Canal between the River Susquehanna, at or near Hunter's falls, and Paxtang Creek; and for extending th% said Manufactory, to Linen, Cotton, and such other branches, as they may hereafter find useful and advantageous." In 1791, when the town was incorporated, the names had grown to two hundred and twenty, and the words " Ferry" and " Louisburgh" disappear from the record. In 1792 we have the first borough assessment (taken in 1791) : RETURN FOR THE BOROUGH OF HARRISBURG, 1791. Awl, Jacob. Allen, Jacob. Alleu, George. Abbott, Jonathan. Anderson, James. Bombaugh, Conrad. Bennett, Thomas. Beatty, James. Brunner, Henry, Barr, Alexander. Brooks, John. Barr, Robin. Berryhill, Samuel. Burk, Edward. Boyd, John. Buckley, Jeremiah. Beader, Henry. Brunson, Widow. Banton, Mansfield. Bucher, Jacob. Berryhill, Alexander. Boyd, Adam, Esq. Brooks, James. Cluney, James. Conrade, Henry. Oasselbury, Paul. Cummings, Alexander. Cramer, John. Chambers, John. Crawford, John. Crabb, William. Conner, David. Clark, Widow. Clark, Dennis. Coulter, Andrew. Darstay, Michael, Dennich, Peter. Downey, Charles. Dralley, John. ' Dentzel, John, Esq. Dixon, Richard. Dunham, James. Elliot, James. Ebright, Philip. Earns, Jacob. Ebright, Jacob. Ebbert, John. Elder, John. Elder, Joshua. Eridley, George, Fridley, Barnet. File, John. Firestone, George. Folizon, David. Ford, Henry. Fink(»ner, Michael. Fulton, Henry. Forrest, Andrew. Folsom, William. Feu ton, Benjamin. Fisher, George. GlUum, John. Grimes, Samuel. Gilmor, Moses. Grnger, Martin. Gurt, Frederick. Graydon, William, Grayblll, Peter. Graydon, Alexander. Godfrey & Kelso. Glass, William. Hanna, John Andr€. Hoover, Joseph. Hill. Samuel. Hocker, Adam. Hocker, Soffell. Hocker, John. . Hogg, John. Hu£ford, Abraham. Hifley, John. Hortz, George. Hortman, George." Hortz, Jacob. Hollings worth, Levi. Hume, John. Horter, Valentine. Hoyer, George. Hise, John. Hess, George. Henning, Jacob. Harris, Robert. Harris, David. Hutman, Matthias. Henry, John Joseph. Horning, Stephen. Irwin, Robert. Ingram, William. Knatcher, Barbary. Knatcber, Michael. King, Charlotte. Kleckner, Frederick. Kilbrith, John. Keyger, Widow. Kapp, Michel. Kapp, Martaiu. Keen, John, Esq. Kunkel, Christian. Krause, Andrew and John. Kissinger, Conrad. Lewis, Eli. Lifleboch, George. Lawyer, Adam. Lineboch, John. Luther, John. Lever, George. Lever, Nicholas. Mears, William. Mccarty, Benjamin. Murray, Patrick. Miller, John. Martin, Peter. Murphy, Barney. Morse, Moses. Morrow, Thomas. McNammara, James. Mathias, Robert. Moyers, John. Martain, John. Montgomery, Joseph, Esq. MiUer, Charles. CITY OP HAKRISBUKG. 301 Misb, Jacob. Michel, James. McOheeney, John. McClenning, James. Morrow, William. McKinley, George. Mackey, James. Norton, John. Newman, Andrew. Nigle, Jacob, Ply mire, John. Pool, John, Sen. Pancake, Felty. Porter, Alexander. Pleger, Frederick. Peter, Michael. Potte, Stacy. Patterson, Gilbreth. Potts, William. Pool, John, Jr. Komje, John, Bobeson, John. Baum, Andrew. Reel, Anthony. Reddig, .George. Reel, John. Rimuth, Philip. Rees, David F. Remer, Adam. Sower, Casper. Scarlet, David. Stone r, Michael. Shields, John. Sawyers, James. Jacob Touse. Jacob Cockran. David Allen. James Keyl. John McClearey. David Fleming. Samuel Laird, Hugh Catherwood. Swan, Widow. Smith, James. Snyder, Adam. Siboth, Tobias. Say lor, Henry. Spangler, Andrew. Steen, Robert. Sees, Soffel. Sees, Balsor. Stayley, Jacob. Smith, Caspar. Smith, Polley. Snyder, John. Tritt, Joseph. TresBin rider, Conrad. Unger, Peter. Weatberholt, George. Winger, Valentine. Welsbans, Jacob. Wickersbam, Hanna. Weere, Samuel. Walburn, Peter, Wall, John, Weatberup, John. Waggoner, SebMton. Wilson, William, Wilson, Hugh. Walter, Peter. Welsboover, Jacob. Touse, Frederick. Touse, George. Zollinger, Jacob. Zinn, John. Jacob Keller. William Frazer. Adam Breadon. John Irwin. Enoch Beanick. Thomas Elder. Peter Lontz. William Martin. In the general history reference is made to the par- ticipation of the county in the Whiskey Insurrection of 1794. Harrisburg at this time was an important point. From the Oracle of Dauphin we learn that on Friday, the 19th of September, three companies of horse, containing in all one hundred and thirty, ar- rived from Philadelphia, the whole under the com- mand of Capt. John Dunlap. The company of light dragoons, commanded by Capt. John Irwin, of Har- risburg, the corps of light infantry, commanded by Capt. George Fisher, with the most distinguished offi- cers of the county, were paraded, all in complete uni- form, in order to receive them. After the usual cere- monies, the dragoons dismounted to refresh them- selves, and on Monday morning they proceeded to Carlisle. On Tuesday following, the 23d, some eighty regular troops, recruited in Massachusetts, commanded by Capt. Lyman, passed through Harrisburg to join Gen. Wayne's army in the Ohio country. On Thursday, the 25th, a battalion of New Jersey volunteer dragoons, under the command of Gen. Eichard Howell, Governor of that State, reached Harrisburg. They were well equipped and com- pletely mounted. " It raining very rapidly on their arrival," says the Oracle, " the citizens of the town, with their usual degree of affection to the sons of liberty and patriotism, voluntarily opened their doors for their reception.*' The next morning they crossed the Susquehanna, on their way to Carlisle, after ex- pressing their satisfaction in the following manner: "The commander of the Jersey militia detachment feels himself bound to acknowledge the politeness of the citizens of Harrisburg to his company, and requests that their gratitude and bis own, joined with the highest respect, may be signified in a proper manner. " Richard Howell, f Commandant Jersey detachment. " Haekisburg, Sept. 25, 179'1." Alexander Graydon, in his " Memoirs," then a resi- dent of Harrisburg, and an officer of the county, gives the following mention of occurrences at this time: "The Western Expedition, as it was called, gave me an opportunity of seeing a number of my old friends from Philadelphia; and it afforded also a momentary triumph to the poor handful of Harrisburg Federal- ists, who were stated by their opponents to amount to only five. •' A French flag which bad been flying at the court-house, then build- ing, had been the cause of some squabbling in the newspaper; and this flag was peremptorily ordered to be taken down by the troops from the city. Had I been disposed for revenge, I might upon this occaaion have been fully gratified, as I was repeatedly asked who had caused it to be put up, and impliedly censured for giving evasive answers to the questions, which, from their manner, evinced a disposition to treat the authors of it much more roughly than would have been agreeable to me. "Conspicuous among the crowd that rolled onto the eastward was Governor MifQin. On the day of his arrival he convened the people at the market-house and gave them an animated harangue, in which there was nothing exceptionable save a monstrous suggestion that the British had stirred up the discontents to the westward and been the cause of the present opposition to the government." On Friday, October 3d, the President of the United States, Gen. George Washington, arrived at Harris- burg. Apprised of his arrival, all the troops then in the town, on their way westward, marched some dis- tance to meet him and escort him to his quarters in the borough. The joy of the citizens was unbounded, and the burgesses presented the following address : " To HU Excellency, George WashingtQn, President of the United States of Avierica : " Sir, — We, the Burgesses and citizens of Harrisburg, while we rejoice in the opportunity of presenting our respects to a character so justly revered and dear to Americans, cannot but lament that we should owe it to an interruption of the peace and prosperity of our country, those constant objects of our public care. We trust, however, that the juat indignation which fires the breasts of all vii-tuous citizens at the unprovoked outrages committed by these lawless men, who are in op- position to one of the mildest and most equal of governments of which the condition of man is susceptible, will excite such exertions as to crush the spirit of disaffection wherever it has appeared, and that our political horizon will shine brighter than ever on a dispersion of the clouds which now menace and obscure it. " Though our sphere of action is too limited to produce any important effects, yet we beg leave to assure your Excellency that, so far as it ex- tends, our best endeavors shall not be wanting to support the happy constitution and wise administration of our government. *' Signed, in behalf of the borough, " Conrad Bombaugh, "Alex. Bbreyhill, " Harkjsburg, Oct. 3, 1794. " Burgeasee:'' The President, through Gen. Hamilton, returned the following reply : 302 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. " To the Burgeeeea roposed to lay out a town or city on that stream. John Harris, the founder of our city, immediately gave notice of his intention of laying out a town, which seemed to quiet the movement of undoubted land speculators. The Revolution coming on, such enterprises, if ever seriously considered, were abandoned. As the settlements increased in the interior of the colony the Susquehanna River became an im- portant avenue of transportation, at first by means of canoes, then by keel-bottom boats or " broad horns," as they were often called. Grains and other produce were the chief articles carried in those conveyances. Harris' Ferry and Middletown were noted marts for the storage and sale of grain at this period. In 1790 there were over one hundred and fifty thousand bushels of wheat brought down the Susquehanna and passed through Middletown for the Philadelphia market. About the year 1794 or 1795 the first vessel in the shape of an ark, but of small dimensions, arrived at Harrisburg from Huntingdon on the Juniata. It passed the Conewago Falls in safety. About the same time that arks were introduced, the Conewago Canal, at York Haven, was commenced, and on its completion, in 1797 or 1798, keel-bottom boats were passed through, .which caused a great portion of the trade in grain to be diverted from Harrisburg and Middletown to Columbia. But in a few years after- wards boats ventured beyond the Conewago Falls, and thus reached tide-water, when the grain trade was measurably diverted from both Middletown and Cb- lumbia, concentrating at Port Deposit. Public attention was again directed to the naviga- tion of the Susquehanna about 1795. The Legislature, however, appears to have taken no definite action in relation to the matter until March, 1823, at which time an act was passed for the improvement of the river from Northumberland to tide-water, and ap- pointing Jabez Hyde, Jr., John McMeans, and Sam- uel L. Wilson, commissioners to superintend the work. These commissioners, in a report made to the Legis- lature, Jan. 14, 1828, state, — " That the contracts entered into for the improvement of the naviga- tion of the Susquehanna River, between the town of Columbia and tide, is nearly completed, and when the residue is finished, they believe all will be done that is necessary to perfect the descending navigation be- tween said points. Oralis will then be able to descend from Columbia to the head of the Maryland Oanal carrying from fifty to sixty tons, at a stage of water at which, previous to the improvements, they could not arrive at the latter place with more than one-half that quantity. "The commissioners further report on the improvement of the river between the towns of Columbia and Northumberland that the uufin- ished contracts of the years 1825 and 1826 are completed, but will not be of that infinite advantage until further improvements are made to correspond with those alreadj' finished, the Legislature having suspended the appropriation for the past year." The total amount of expenditures made by the com- missioners for the improvement of the river from the town of Columbia to the towji of Northumberland, up to Jan. 14, 1828, as stated in the report, was $1201,50, and that for improving the river between the town of Columbia and tide-water to the same period, $14,323.37, making the sum total of $15,- 524.87. This action of the Legislature, together with the favorable report of the commissioners, induced a number of enterprising citizens of Baltimore to form a company for the purpose of testing the practica- bility of running steamboats on the Susquehanna between the towns of York Haven and Northum- berland. The project was favorably received, and the stock of the company immediately subscribed. Three light-draught steamboats, named respectively the " Codorus," " Susquehanna," and " Pioneer," were constructed, all of which arrived for the first time at Harrisburg in the fall of 1825. The follow- ing extracts have reference to these boats : " The sheet-iron steamboat ' Codorus' paid another visit to Harrisburg on Sunday last, with the members from York County as passengers. The members of the Legislature in general are much pleased with the performance of this boat, and express great satisfation with the success of the experiment. From what we have heard we infer that there will be a Legislative enactment in favor of the enterprising proprietors." — Chronicle, Dec. 5, 1825. " Steamboats. — The steamboat * Susquehanna' leit this place on Mon- day last for York Haven. "The 'Pioneer' returned to Harrisburg on Wednesday last. The ma- chinery of the vessel is not of sufficient power to stem the current of Hunter's Falls. " The ' Codorus' is lying at Montgomery's Ferry, about twenty miles above Harrisburg."— IM(2., April 3, 1826. 320 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. In a letter dated July 14, 1834, addressed to the Secretary of War, Lewis Cass, by Henry K. Strong, of Harrisburg, on behalf of the citizens of Harris- burg, relative to opening a steamboat communication bet?*veen the Chesapeake Bay by way of the Susque- hanna and the lakes, allusion is made to one of the above-named steamboats, perhaps the " Codorus," as follows : -' Eight yeara ago a sheet-iron steamboat, built at York, in this State, was put upon the river, about twelve miles below Harrisburg, and forty from tide-water, and was propelled by steam to the line separating the States of Pennsylvania and New York, nearly two-thirds of the whole distance from the Chesapeake Bay to the lakes. If this was not the first iron-clad steamboat ever constructed, it was thejirat £lmt ever sailed upon American waters." The editor of the Harrisburg Chronicle, Hugh Ham- ilton, appears to have been somewhat skeptical as to the practical use of these boats, as will be seen by the following extract from that paper : "The people of Baltimore are in high spirits in consequence of the successful trip of the ' Susquehanna' up the North and West Branches to Danville and Milton. While we think great credit is due to the en- terprise Of the Baltimore Steamboat Company and congratulate them upon the result of the experiment, which has demonstrated that a steam- boat can move against the rapids of the Kiver Susquehanna, we remain skeptical as to the practical use of the boats which have visited us. The weight of an engine of suiEcient power to propel the boats up the rap- ids produces such a draught as must prevent their running unless the water should be at a high stage, and such a stage we have not more than three months of the year, — March, April, and May." The steamboats continued to visit the borough at short intervals during the continuance of a medium stage of water in the river, until after April, 1826, when one of them, the " Susquehanna," exploded its boiler while making its way through a narrow pas- sage of shoal water in the river at or near Berwick, Columbia Co., which almost totally destroyed it, be- side killing two and severely injuring several of its passengers, among whom was Christian Brobst, mem- ber of the Legislature from Columbia County. This accident appears to have dampened the ardor of the proprietors, and shortly afterwards the boats were removed from the river to a more favorable latitude. The steamboat enterprise was not again renewed on the Susquehanna in this vicinity until the spring of 1857, when a company of citizens purchased and brought here a small side-wheel steamboat that had formerly been used as a pleasure-boat on the river Delaware at Philadelphia. The boat made frequent excursions on the river during the summer following, but the speculation proving a failure, the stockhold- ers resold it to its original owners, and in the fall of the year it was returned to Philadelphia. In this connection we cannot omit the following reference to a correspondence between the citizens of Harrisburg and the War Department on the subject of sloop and steamboat navigation : On the 20th of September, 1833, a large and respectable meeting of the citizens of Harrisburg was held at the court-house in Harrisburg, to take into consideration the propriety of opening a steamboat and sloop communication between the Chesapeake Bay and the lakes, by way of the Susquehanna River. The following were the officers of the meeting: Valentine Hummel, Sr., president; Joel Bailey and Henry Bushier, vice-presidents; Charles C. Kawn and Mordecai McKlnney, secretaries. At this meeting resolutions were passed declaring the project na- tional in its character and advantages, and necessary for national de- fense, A general committee was appointed, from which select commit- tees were chosen to draft an address to the people of'the United States; to draft a memorial to Congress, and to address the Secretary of War. On the 17th of October following, Henry Buehler, Esq., from the select committee, published an address to the people of the United States. At the same time, G. W. Harris, Esq., from the select committee, re- ported a memorial to Congress, which was published, circulated, and signed by a large number of citizens in various parts of the country, and gent to that body at its next session. A bill favorable to the project, and making a specific appropriation for a' survey, was reported by the In- ternal Improvement Committee in the House of Kepresentatives, but at so late a period in the session that it was not acted upon. On the 25th of July, 1834, Henry K. Strong, Esq., from the select com- mittee, transmitted an able and conviucing address to Hon. Lewis Cass, then Secretary of War, in which, after showing the advantages of a sloop and steamboat communication between the Chesapeake Bay and the Lakes, by way of the Susquehanna, he inquired, " whether a survey of the.route could not be made by an engineer in the service 6f the gov- ernment during the present summer?" In reply, John J. Abert, Lieut.-Col. Topographical Engineers, stated that " the department was fully impressed with the importance of the rovie described, but the condition and engagements of the ofQce were such that it was not in its power to attend to the project during the present season." A few days after the receipt of this intelligence, Mr. Strong again ad- dressed the Secretary of War, repeating a request for the services of an engineer to survey the river; to which Col. Abert, on behalf of the Sec- retary of War, again il^lied, stating that " Dr. William Howard, with two assistants, are the engineers whose services would be placed at the disposal of the parties Interested in the matter." At a meeting of the general committee of the citizens of Harrisburg, held Aug. 16, 1834, the following oflBcers were chosen ; Valentine Hum- mel, president; Mordecai McKinney, secretary ; Henry Walters, treas- urer. A communication was received from Dr. William Howard, United States engineer, estimating the expense, and making several sugges- tions relative to the proposed improvement, and stating that " by his orders he was entirely under the direction of the committee, and ready to execute any plan of operations which they might determine." The following gentlemen were then chosen an executive commitr tee : Henry K. Strong, George Mish, Valentine Hummel, Sr., Jacob M. Haldeman, John C. Bucher. The report of Dr. Howard was referred to the executive committee, with instructions to devise a plan of operation for the survey. The pro- ject was ultimately abandoned in consequence, we believe, of the death of Dr. Howard, and the refusal of Congress to extend pecuniary co-ope. ration . There are many facts connected with the history of internal improvements in this locality which it will be impossible within our prescribed limits to do little more than briefly refer to, and we shall present them as they occur to us in this connection. Very few per- sons have any idea of the difiiculties of transporta- tion prior to the era of canals and railroads. Eighty- five or ninety years ago it was not an uncommon sight to see as many as five hundred pack-horses pass- ing the ferry here westward, loaded with merchan- dise, salt, iron, etc. The iron was carried on horse- back, being crooked over and around their bodies; barrels or kegs were hung on each side of these. The pack-horses were generally led in divisions of twelve or fifteen horses, carrying about two hundred weight each, going single file, and managed by two men, one going before as the leader, and the other in the rear, to see after the safety of the packs. Where the bridle road passed along declivities or over hills, the path CITY OF HARKISBURG. 821 was in some places washed out so deep that the packs or burdens came in contact with the ground or other impeding obstacles, and were frequently displaced. However, as the carriers usually traveled in com- panies, the packs were soon adjusted, and no great delay occasioned. The pack-horses were generally furnished with bells, which were kept from ringing during the day drive, but were loose at night, when the horses were set free, and permitted to feed and browse. The bells were intended as guides to direct to their whereabouts in the morning. When the wagons were first introduced, the carriers considered that mode of transportation an invasion of their rights. Their indignation was more excited, and they manifested greater rancor than did the regular teamsters when the line of packets or railroad cars came into use about forty years afterwards. Fifty years ago the currency was eleven-penny- bits, flppenny-bits, and shillings, — eight shillings one dollar. Eight yards of calico at a shilling a yard was one dollar. Goods were marked in this way and groceries sold in the same way. As a general thing families bought articles at the store just as they wanted to use them, — one-quarter of a pound of tea, two or three pounds of coffee, or five of sugar, and when more was wanted some youngster of the family was off to the store. Some accounts ran six months, and the merchant made all his purchases twice a year on six months' credit. The goods were pur- chased at Philadelphia or Baltimore, and were brought from thence in large covered wagons, called Conestoga teams, drawn by six horses, sometimes one horse before the other, and all wearing bells upon the collar. These large wagons held from four to five tons of goods. They were built for regular trans- portation wagons on the great turnpikes of the day. In those early years turnpikes were not the miserable apologies for roads which grand jury after grand jury report as nuisances, and all in vain, but they were well graded, rounded from the centre to gutters on each side, with all the necessary crossings for water, and most thoroughly macadamized. On these roads no wagon regularly engaged in carrying goods was allowed with tire on the wheels less than four inches in width. All along the great highways, at distances of ten and twelve miles, were public-houses,— large two-story frame buildings,— and here the teamsters would stop to feed and water their horses. They car- ried a long feed-box with them. This was placed lengthwise of the tongue and the horses placed on either side. These were the kind of wagons in which goods were hauled from the cities alluded to,— west- ward, to Harrisburg and farther on. What is now Harris Park was constantly filled with these teams, awaiting their turn to ford or to be ferried over the river. The business activity of the people sought out new channels; roads were made, attempts at slack-water navigation ventured on, until finally the Pennsyl- 21 vania Canal, from Columbia to Pittsburgh, opened up an avenue to trade, and brought prosperity to all the towns on its route. On none had it better effect than Middletown and Harrisburg, and the former place at one period was destined to retain a su- premacy in population, enterprise, wealth, and in- fluence. It was a great lumber mart ; the Union Canal and its admirable location always made it a rival to the capital city. Pennsylvania, as heretofore observed, embarked in the work of constructing her public improvements in the year 1822, when an act was passed authorizing the construction of the Pennsylvania Canal at the expense of the State. In 1827 the canal commis- sioners were authorized to make examination for a railroad to connect sections of the canal already par- tially connected. In 1828 they were directed to locate and put under contract a railroad from Phila- delphia through Lancaster to Columbia. Millions of dollars were spent on the canal and railroad improve- ments, the expenditure being made necessary by the completion of the Erie Canal, which was taking the commerce of Philadelphia to New York. In 1832 portions of the Columbia Railroad were completed and cars were run upon it. In 1834 the entire line, partly canal and partly railroad, between Philadel- phia anft Pittsburgh was opened to trade and travel. It consisted of the railroad from Philadelphia to Co- lumbia, eighty- two miles ; the eastern division of the canal, from Columbia to HoUidaysburg, one hundred and seventy-two miles ; the Portage Railroad, from HoUidaysburg to Johnstown, thirty-six miles, and the western division of the canal, from the latter place to Pittsburgh, a distance of one hundred and four miles, making an aggregate length of three hundred and ninety-four miles. Horse-cars were for several years run over the Columbia road, occupying nine hours in traveling eighty-two miles. About 1836 locomotives were regularly put at work on the road to the exclusion of horse-power. The cost of the line to the State was nearly fourteen and a half million dol- lars. Wj[ien the Harrisburg and Lancaster road was being located in 1835, much opposition was mani- fested by the farmers on surveying the road at having their farms " cut up'' or divided. The road, however, was partially completed at different points during the following year. In Aujgust, 1836, it was finished as far as Middletown, terminating here at Paxtang Street. As cars were soon needed, Messrs. William Calder, Sr., & Co. had a car built by Eben Miltimore at his coach-shop, then located on the corner of Chest- nut Street and River Alley. The car was a plain, open, four-wheel car, similar, though smaller, to the present excursion cars of the street railroad now used. When finished it was taken down to the railroad, and a trial trip was made two or three miles down the road with two horses attached to it by a short tow-line, as the track between the rails could not be used for 322 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. horses. In September, 1836, a locomotive engine was brought from the State road {which had been pre- viously constructed) from Columbia on a flat in the canal and landed at Middletown, from whenceit was run to Harrisburg ; and during the time, Saturday and Sunday, excursions were had to Middletown and back about every two hours with the car built by Mr. Miltimore. The small car was always crowded. Gov- ernor Ritner, the heads of the State department, and prominent citizens were first treated to a ride. This locomotive was made in England, and was one of the first placed on the State road. It was called the " John Bull," and would be a diminutive novelty now. It was a small, black affair with two driving- wheels, the piston connected inside of the wheel. The first locomotives put on the Harrisburg and Lan- caster road were built by Matthew Baldwin, of Phila- delphia, and were named after the three or four principal towns along the road. They had but two driving-wheels, with the crank and piston inside ; and were used for both freight and passengers. The next engin-es purchased were two built by Messrs. Norris & Sons, of Philadelphia, and were used for hauling freight trains. They were named Henry Clay and David R. Porter, were heavier and lower than the first ones, having but two driving-wheels, with the piston connected to the driving-wneels on the outside, as they ai-e now constructed. The road was not fully completed until some time in 1838, owing to the slow work on the tunnel near Elizabethtown. During its construction the passen- gers were conveyed around in stage-coaches. The Cumberland Valley Railroad was completed about the year 1837, except the erection of the bridge over the river. The first locomotives for that road were brought from Columbia on the canal, and landed on the wharf at Second and Vine Streets, from thence hauled over the Market Street bridge by six farm- horses. Bells were first used on the locomotives ; the first brought here for the Cumberland Valley Rail- road had whistles. Several abortive attempts were made towards the construction of a through railroad from the Ohio to the Delaware, but it was not until 1846 that the pro- ject assumed tangible shape by the incorporation of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. The charter was granted on Feb. 25, 1847, and the law granting to the Baltimore and Ohio Railsoad the right of way to Pittsburgh was abrogated in August following. Mr. J. Edgar Thomson prosecuted the work of building the road from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh with energy. On Sept. 1, 1849, the first division, from Harrisburg to Lewistown, a distance of sixty-one miles, was opened to travel. A year later the line was opened to the Mountain House, one mile east of Hollidays- burg, and on the 10th of December, 1852, cars were run through from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, connec- tions between the eastern and western divisions being formed by the use of the Portage (State) road over the mountains. The Pennsylvania Company's road over the mountains was opened early in 1854. In 1857, after a long discussion, a law for the sale of the State works was passed, and the Pennsylvania Railroad became the purchaser of the main line, and was thereby released from the payment of tonnage, freight, and certain other specified taxes. The section of the law releasing the company from the payment of taxes was decided by the Supreme Court to be unconstitu- tional, and in 1861 an act was passed " for the com- mutation of the tonnage tax." During the years immediately following the com- pletion of the road it was greatly improved, the tracks doubled, other lines leased or bought, depots and ex- tensions built, and more recently almost the entire line has been relaid with steel rails, the line straight- ened and regraded. During the war the Pennsyl- vania Railroad was largely used for the transporta- tion of troops and supplies, and its president, Col. Scott, was charged by the government with the special duty of furnishing transportation for large bodies of troops and immense quantities of army supplies. Twenty-five years ago the Pennsylvania Railroad was but a link between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, extending from Harrisburg to the latter city ; now it has its eastern termini at New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, and unites them by its own direct lines with Pittsburgh, Erie, Cleveland, Toledo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Louisville, and St. Louis. The railroads which centre at Harrisburg or pass through are as follows : Cumberland Valley, connecting southward with the Valley of Virginia. Pennsylvania, connecting the mighty West with the Atlantic seabord. Northern Central, to Washington City southward, Sunbury and Erie north and west. Lebanon Valley, connecting with the numerous ramifications of the Philadelphia and Reading Rail- road. Dauphin and Susquehanna, to Dauphin, through Stony Creek Valley to the anthracite coal regions. Steelton Branch of the Philadelphia and Reading. Several railroads are projected, two great trunk lines, which will largely add to the growth and pros- perity of Harrisburg. The great southern line from Boston and Poughkeepsie through Harrisburg to the South and the Vanderbilt road promise advan- tages and facilities unsurpassed by any city in the Union. CHAPTER VIIL Prosperity of Harrisburg-Additlons-Inoorporated as a City-Visit of the Prlnos of Wales-The War for the Unlon-The Railroad Biots of 1877. The completion of the Pennsylvania Railroad and the absolute necessity for erecting a round-house and repair buildings at the then end of the road added a CITY OF HARRISBURG. 323 new impetus to the growth of the borough. The enterprise of one individual alone is so deserving of honorable mention in this record that historic accu- racy demands it. In 1857, William K. Verbeke purchased in the borough of Harrisburg the block of ground fronting on Short and South Streets, and extending from Young's Alley to Curtis' Alley (now Angle Avenue), upon which were erected some twenty or thirty huts, principally occupied by colored people. This ground Mr. Verbeke wished to lay out in building lots, and in order not to distress those persons who had their homes upon the leased ground, he bought of Messrs. Miller and Fernley ten acres of land in Susquehanna township, situated some distance above the borough line, on the west side of the " State-House Lane," adjoining property of Dr. Reily on the north, Mrs. William Reily on the west, and of Robert Gillmor on the south, and offered to sell them lots and remove their buildings thereto upon the payment of a dollar a week, as many were laborers or at service, which sum they could conveniently pay out of their wages, and thus become owners of the property. To this proposition they all gladly consented, and when the frail buildings were being pulled down, and being asked what they were doing, would reply, " We are going to put up our houses in Verbeketown." This was the way Verbeketown first obtained a "local habitation and a name." Independently of this Mr. Verbeke saw there was great need in Harrisburg of cheap lots for the moderately circumstanced, the la- borer and mechanic, and he therefore laid out the lots small, and put the price very low, as an inducement to buy and locate. He also set to work to improve the locality, as the land was wet and boggy, a water- course passing through the centre of it, and at times when a heavy rain set in the whole place was entirely covered with water. In old times this was the usual condition of things, and it received the name of " Lake Harry," where some of our oldest inhabitants were ac- customed to go to shoot ducks. It became necessary therefore to have the ditch newly dug, which was done, extending the sewer at North Street. The streets laid out were filled up with gravel and cinders nicely graded to afford facilities for ingress and egress. A cinder walk was laid from North Street to the ground. While this was being done many per- sons were buying lots and paying their dollar install- ment, and in less than a month one hundred and twenty were 'disposed of. To induce people to locate Mr. Verbeke had two good houses erected, one on Wil- liam Street and the other on Fulton Street, which he sold to persons without any means, never expecting they would ever be able to pay for them, so as to get them inhabited, and upon the same terms of one dol- lar a week. Two wells were dug, one on William Street and one on Susquehanna Street, the water of the former running over the top and forming a mod- erately-sized rivulet, which continued running for several years in consequence of the swampy condition of the ground in that neighborhood. To facilitate building up the place Mr. Verbeke bought a number of rafts at the river, and commenced the erpction of rough houses for those who desired it. In this way, perhaps, a hundred small houses sprung up as if by magic. But as the frogs piped by night, an abund- ance of water-privileges had, and it was the poor who took up their abode there, the people of the borough derisively spoke of it as " Warbecktown,'' though through the great improvements which have taken place since that locality is looked upon as a marvel of prosperity and energy. This land cost two hundred and sixty dollars per acre, and in consequence of these rapid improvements ten acres of land in the immediate vicinity, owned by Nicholas Reamshart, in the month of July sold for one thousand dollars per acre. About the same time Mr. Verbeke bought three acres of Jacob Shaffner for three hundred and thirty -three dol- lars per acre, which was laid out to conform to the other, making the same improvements upon it, and selling upon the same terms. The plan of Mr. Verbeke being so successful, in April, 1858, he purchased the adjoining farm of twenty acres of Robert Gillmor, at six hundred dollars per acre. This land was very unfavorable for building purposes. The eastern portion was low and wet, and the western part was full of hills and depressions. Mr. Verbeke considered that if the streets and alleys were graded the lots would sell at once, and if laid out larger interest could be charged, which would be a full return for the expenditure of grading. The sum expended in grading the land bought of Mr. Gillmor, which extended from Fulton to Front Streets, and from Sayford Alley to the lower line of Charles and Hay Alleys, was four thousand dollars. Verbeke Street, or, as it is erroneously called. Broad Street, runs through the middle of this piece of land. The proprietor, in order to favor the people buying of him, erected a two-story frame school-house at the corner of William and Verbeke Streets, thirty feet square, which was supplied with teachers by the township school directors ; reserved a large plot of ground, fifty by eight hundred feet, in the centre of Verbeke Street, from Third to Fulton, for a market- house, and donated lots to the Methodist and Church of God congregations for churches and parsonage. This piece of land was also being rapidly disposed of, and purchasers selling again obtained large profits. As an instance of this, three lots at the corner of Third and Verbeke Streets were sold originally for six hundred and seventy-five dollars, resold for two thousand five hundred dollars, afterwards divided into smaller pieces, and brought ten thousand dollars. A few years later Mr. Verbeke added several acres, from Susquehanna to Front and adjoining the Gill- mor tract, which he purchased of John Shannon at fifteen hundred dollars per acre. All the land was divided into five hundred lots, and the total expendi- 324 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. ture of grading the streets was seven thousand dol- lars. In the beginning of the year of 1857 there was not a house in what was called " Verbeketown," and hardly half a dozen in what is now the Sixth Ward, while at the present time Verbeketown is compactly and in most parts well built up, while the ward has nearly, if not quite, seven thousand inhabitants, with two election precincts, and a voting population of fifteen hundred. Thus it will be seen what enter- prise, and the small inducements held out to the peo- ple for a given purpose, will produce. In the year 1860 Harrisburg received its highest corporate honors, — that of a city. The boundaries were extended in all directions, commissioners were appointed from the most reputable and staid citi- zens of the borough to lay out streets and avenues and set the municipal machinery in motion. Al- though at the time arousing much opposition, yet its subsequent growth and prosperity have fully realized the fondest expectations of its earnest advocates. In population it ranks the sixth in the State, and in man- ufacturing interests it is the third, Pittsburgh and Philadelphia alone exceeding it, while in the Union it ranks high among the inland cities. Tlfe chief municipal officers from the period of its incorporation until the present year are as follows : MATOBS. William H. Kepner, April 20, 1860-Maroh 21, 1863. A. L. Roumfort, March 27, 1863-March 23, 1866. Oliver Kdwards, March 23, 1866-Jan. 11, 1869. W. W. Hays, Jan. 11, 1869-Marcb, 1870 (died in office). George B. Cole, April 4, 1870-Jan. 9, 1871. William K. Verbeke, Jan. 9, 1871-Jaa. 13, 1873. J. D. Boas, Jan. 13, 1873-Jan. 11, 1876. John D. Patterson, Jan. 11, 1875-Jan. 8, 1881 (resigned).' John C. Herman, Jan. 8, 1881-April 2, 1883. Simon Cameron Wilson, April 2, 1883, to serve two years. CITY TREASURERS. Alexander W. Watson, April 20, 1860-March 28, 1862. John T. Wilson, March 28, 1862-March 27, 1868. George V. Weaver, Sr., March 27, 186S-Jan. 13, 1873. Grafton Fox, Jan. 13, 1873-Jan. 11, 1875. David S. Herr, Jan. 11, 187.')-April 2, 1877. William Sheesley, April 2, 1877-April 4, 1881. Leonard H. Kinnard, April 4, 1881-April 2, 1883 (re-elected to serve for two years from April 2, 1883). PRESIDENTS OF COMMON COUNCIL. Daniel W. Gross, April 20, 1860-March 28, 1862. William 0. Hickot, March 28, 1862-March 27, 1868. John H. Ziegler, March 27, 1868-Oct. 23, 1868. David Mumma, Oct. 23, 1868-Oot. 22, 1869. Christopher Lewis, Oct. 22, 1869-Oct. 28, 1870. J. Brisben Boyd, Oct. 28, 1870-Oct. 27, 1871. Daniel 0. Mauer, Oct. 27, 1871-Oct. 26, 1872. John D. Patterson, Oct. 26, 1872-Oct. 24, 1873. W. H. H. Sieg, Oct. 24, 1873-Oct. 22, 1876. J. A. Slentz, Oct. 22, 1876-ApriI 1, 1878. John 0. Kirk, April 1, 1878-April 7, 1879. William H. Oleokner, April 7, 1879-April 6, 1880. John J. Eargest, April 6, 1880-April 4, 1881. Samuel W. Myers, April 4, 1881-April 3, 1882. Charles A. Miller, April 3, 1882-April 2, 1883. John C. Hutton, April 2, 1883. PRESIDENTS OF SELECT COUNCIL. A. Boyd Hamilton, March 22, 1867-Aprll 20, 1868. Robert L. Muench, July 27, 1874-reb. 19, 1875. Joseph Strominger, Feb. 19, 1875-April 7, 1879. John A. Gramm, April 7, 1879-April 4, 1881. William J. Adams, April 4, 1881-Jan. 28, 1882. Charles L. Bailey, Jan. 28, 1882-April 2, 1883. William L. Gorgas, April 2, 1883. CLERKS OF COMMON COUNCIL: David Harris, April 20, 1860-April 1, 1868. John T. Wilson, April 1, 1868-Oct. 23, 1868. John Shiffler, Oct. 23, 1868-April 2, 1883 (re-elected April 2, 1883, for three years). CLERKS OF SELECT COUNCIL. Ovid F. Johnson, March 22. 1867-April 20, 1868. C. A. Wilhelm, July 27, 1874-Feb. 19, 1876. John W. Young, Feb. 19, 1876-April 8, 1876. B. Frank Peters, April 8, 1876-April 4, 1881. W. J. Baker, April 4, 1881-April 2, 1883. The year I860 is especially noted for the visit of the Prince of Wales to America and to the new city of Harrisburg. He was formally received by his honor. Mayor Kepner, and at the capitol was invited to a seat in the Hancock chair,introduced to the citi- zens by Gen. Cameron, and welcomed to the State by Governor Packer. Among the distinguished visitors to the city, he was the first scion of royalty since the days of Teedyuscung, king of the Delawares, who had honored this locality with his presence. In the general history of the county we have dwelt very fully upon the great civil war, and in this place can only casually allude to it. The location of the first and greatest military camp in the Northern States was adjoining the limits of Harrisburg, named, by Gens. Knipe and Williams, in honor of the chief magistrate of Pennsylvania, Camp Curtin, which with being the central point of communication, es- pecially with the oft-beleaguered Federal capital, made it a prominent rendezvous. The citizens of the city were equal to any emergency, and the com- munity fed gratuitously twenty thousand returned three months' soldiers for several days, the proper authorities failing in their duty. Hospitals were es- tablished, and, although in charge of the govern- ment, the ladies of the State capital never wearied in well-doing, caring kindly for the sick and wounded. From the commencement of the war the charity of the citizens was unbounded and without stint, the doors of hospitality freely opened, and to our honor be it said two citizens, Messrs. John B. Simon and Eby Byers, established the Soldiers' Eest, where the sick and wounded patriot on his way homeward found rest and refreshment and gentle care. Thousands were kindly ministered to, and until the "boys tfame marching home" the good work went on unabated. In every cemetery and graveyard within the borders of Dauphin County lie the remains of her brave and true sons, while in the cemetery at Harrisburg the grass grows green over the graves of Union and Con- federate soldiers from far-off' States. In all the strug- gles for life, for liberty, for right, and for the Union Harrisburg was never behind. But these dark days CITY OF HAKRISBURG. 325 of our country have passed like " a dream that has been told." May the lesson taught be heeded by those who come after us, — that the Union of States is not a rope of sand which may be broken at the will of any section. On the 19th of July, 1877, while the Governor and commander-in-chief of the forces of Pennsylvania was on his way to visit the Pacific coast, a general strike was inaugurated by the employes of nearly all the railroads in the United States. In many por- tions of the commonwealth the municipal and county authorities failed to restore traffic, and for several days the rioters, for such many proved to be, had control of afiairs. The burning of the round-house, depot, and cars at Pittsburgh, with the attack of a reckless and infuriated mob upon the soldiery at that exhausted, at once took measures to preserve peace and restore order. A proclamation was issued call- ing upon the law-abiding citizens to aid him in the faithful discharge of his duty. The city was placed under military rule, and the sheriff summoned all reputable citizens for the support of " law and order." In the afternoon quite a number of Philadelphia soldiers, who had reached Fairview on the west side of the Susquehanna, surrendered their arms to a hand- ful of the rioters, who, with increasing numbers, brought the former to the city, marching them through Market Street to the depot. It was a pitia- ble sight, and only proved what was in store, had not the prompt measures of Col. Jennings checked this ebullition of outlawry. On Monday night the rioters, several hundred in CAMP CURTIN HOSPITAL. place, gave cause for great uneasiness and alarm. Travel was suspended on all the railroads centering at Harrisburg. Sunday, the 22d, was one of great suspense. The authorities, however, were quietly preparing for the emergency. That evening, one by one, the City Grays found their way to the arsenal, which had been defenseless. On Monday the Mexican trophy cannon were duly spiked, but the mob increased by tramps showed signs of disquiet, and affairs were assuming such a situation that became suddenly alarming. The sheriff. Col. Jennings, returned to Harrisburg on Monday afternoon and found the city in the power of the mob, the proclamation of the mayor of the day previous availing little. The sherifF met the committee of citizens, and when Mayor Patterson informed him that his power to quiet affairs had been number, began breaking into the stores, ostensibly for guns, but in reality for pillage. At this juncture the sheriff gathered the citizens, and placing himself at their head came upon the mob, who soon dispersed, while upwards of thirty were arrested and placed in prison. On Tuesday evening twelve hundred of the citizens organized into "law and order" companies, paraded through the city, and from that time, dur- ing the emergency, the citizens patrolled the city, preserving order without calling to their assistance the military. Governor Hartranft, in the subsequent message to the Assembly, highly complimented the ex- ample of the officers and citizens of the capital city. In the mean time the military gathered for the de- fense of the different railroads so as to insure peace and restore traffic, and when this was accomplished the citizen-soldiery returned to their homes. 326 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. CHAPTEE IX. WATER SUPPLY. Early Efforts to Supply the Town with Water— The Water-Works of 1840— Shinplasters— The New Water-Works. Efforts to supply the town of Harrisburg with water were made at a very early period in its history. Reference has been made to the proposition for con- verting Paxtang Creek into a canal by diverting it from its course, and augmenting its supply of water from the Susquehanna by means of a wing-dam north of the present residence of Judge Hiester. This was for manufacturing purposes primarily. Legislative aid and approval failed, and the project was aban- doned. About the year 1800 several trial surveys were made of the supply of water obtainable from some of the springs on the high ground east of Paxtang Creek, and below South Street. Nothing came of it, except that Pott's tannery obtained, by a wooden service pipe and very primitive basin, a supply for its uses. That was on the line of the present Philadelphia and Read- ing Railroad on Paxtang Street. It is impossible to state at whose expense these surveys were made, but we have always understood that John A. Hanna, Stacy Potts, Adam Boyd, Joshua Elder, Robert Harris, and Moses Gillmor had much to do with this exami- nation. In 1818, '19, '20, Thomas Elder, Hugh Hamilton, Joseph Wallace, John Forster, Robert Harris, James R. Boyd, Jackson Watson, Abraham Bombaugh, George Beatty, Samuel Holman, John Eager, and John Roberts, determined upon and made survey for a water-supply for the town of Harrisburg, having then a population of three thousand, a highly culti- vated community, " very poor in purse so soon after the war." The design was to confine the springs on the lands of Dr. Wiestling and Mr. Bombaugh, near the present new basin and on the line of Market Street, in a dam at the junction of Market and Thirteenth Streets. Also to utilize the springs on Messrs. Hielman's and Berry- hill's lands, west and south, in a dam on Mr. Hamil- ton's land, east of the present Paxtang tannery, both points quite one hundred feet above the low water of the Susquehanna River. The water thus gathered was to be conducted in wooden pipes to the town and supplied by gravitation. It was expected that this project would cost thirty-three thousand dollars, and afford two hundred thousand gallons a day. The municipality had no authority to aid the enterprise, the community was too poor to carry it out, so the whole came to be abandoned. About this time the borough had incurred a debt of nearly two thousand dollars. Some of the members of the Council — four of nine — proposed and urged a sale of the reservation on the west side of Front Street. Capt. Alexander Graydon had showed the burgesses, Stacy Potts and Andrew Mitchel, as well as the public, in a newspaper discussion twenty years before, that this land could not be used for any pur- pose, except as a pleasure-ground, if any regard was had to the bequest of John Harris, the founder. Most of the lawyers of that day agreed with Gray- don. In its necessity the Councils after 1809 rented " the bank" for lumber-yards, in defiance of all con- trary opinions. In a few years this violation of the grant of Harris produced a second, — the proposition to dispose of the whole of it from Paxtang to South Streets in town lots. Fortunately, the intelligence and sense of right in the community was aroused. It made its influence felt, and, after a brief struggle, effectually defeated this scheme to aid an empty treasury. The present generation enjoy in this par- ticular the foresight of the founder and the good taste of our early citizens in the preservation of this de- lightful reservation. The subject of water-supply was, however, kept alive by its friends, and that seems to have been the whole community. The newspapers occasionally al- luded to it, notably the Chronicle. That paper of the 5th of August, 1822, gave its support vigorously to any plan of supply, stating that "the introduction of a constant, a plentiful supply of fresh water into the town from the Susquehanna, or from the springs in the neighborhood, if such there are, of sufficient volume and elevation, is a subject that has been agitated for several years past. All admit the ne- cessity for and are convinced of the utility of this thing." The article further sets forth the great convenience arising from the then recent introduction of water into Philadelphia, and urged the formation of a Har- risburg company with power to introduce water. This was a year previous to the passage of the first act of Assembly on the subject. That embraced a plan both brilliant and practical, nothing less than a canal sixty feet wide, six feet in depth, and nine miles long. In March, 1823, an act of the Legislature was passed incorporating a company " to supply the bor- ough of Harrisburg with water, and to insure against fire." The corporators were John Zinn, John For- ster, Jacob M. Haldeman, Obed Fahnestock, John Capp, Samuel Pool, Peter Keller, Robert Harris, John B. Cox, Abraham Oves, Christian Gleim, John S. Wiestling, William LeBarron, Jacob Bucher, John Gingerich ; shares twenty dollars, two dollars to be paid at subscription. It was not until December, 1825, that the necessary amount of money was sub- scribed to set the company going. An election was then held by the subscribers. John Forster, cashier of the Harrisburg Bank, was chosen president. Dr. Thomas Whiteside treasurer, John Roberts secretary. Directors, John Zinn, tanner; John S. Wiestling, printer; Christian Gleim, printer and sheriff of the CITY OF HARRISBURG. 327 county; Samuel Pool, carpenter; John Eitchey, farmer, of Lower Paxtang; Benjamin Kugler, M.D., of Philadelphia; Abraham Bombaugh, farmer ; Val- entine Hummel, saddler. Laomi Baldwin, C.E., of Boston, was chosen engineer. John Davis, Esq., made the preliminary survey. The fall from the mouth of Stony Creek at Green's mill (Dauphin) to the Market Street bridge across Paxtang was found to be twelve feet fifty-nine one-hundredths, which it was decided would afford the requisite supply. The company was engaged in preparations to carry out its project, when the then canal commissioners determined to locate the proposed eastern division of the Pennsylvania Canal over exactly the same ground chosen by Mr. Baldwin for the water line of the Har- risburg Company. The State had the right and used it, thus dismissing the company without damages for the considerable expense its corporators had incurred in surveying its line. It was a most indefensible ex- ercise of power on the part of the commonwealth. The company took the case to the courts. Whilst the question was pending, discussions were lively and heated, both at stormy town-meetings and places of public resort. At last in May, 1827, the Supreme Court decided against the company, and the State proceeded to construct the canal as it is seen to-day. The company dissolved, and the corporators lost most of their two dollars a share. In February, 1833, a new act was passed having as corporators John Forster, Jacob M. Haldeman, Eob- ert Harris, William Graydon, Hugh Hamilton, George Geiger, Frederick Kelker, John M. Forster, Abra- ham Bombaugh, Francis E. Shunk, Henry Buehler, James Lesley, Luther Eeily, Joseph B. Henzey, and Isaac Updegraff. The charter allowed the company to take water from the river, " without a dam, at Brushy Eock," thence " to Pine Street," where works were to be constructed to force the accumulated fluid to " a point on the uninclosed public ground, having careful regard to the safety of the arsenal." The basin was to have been where the present Mexican monument now stands. The «ost was estimated at one hundred and twenty thousand dollars. This pro- ject was never very popular, and after much contro- versy the company dissolved. The project, however, which resulted in the suc- cessful introduction of Susquehanna water into the borough of Harrisburg originated with Wm. Ayres, a distinguished member of the Harrisburg ba,r. Having been elected a member of the Borough Council in Janu- ary, 1839, he applied himself to the work forthwith, and on March 26th following he secured from the Legislature the passage of an act to supply the borough of Harrisburg with water. In compliance with this act, the Town Council on the 20th of April appointed the following members a committee to carry out the provisions the;feof, viz.: William Ayres (chairman), Samuel Pool, Jacob Seller, John Knepley, Michael Burke George Beatty, and Christian F. Haehnlen. But the names of thetwo latter gentlemen do not ap- pear in subsequent proceedings, and George S. Kem- ble and Henry Header were added to this water- works committee. The scheme as first proposed did not include any special plan or defined ideas. Everybody could see that there was plenty of water in the river and plenty of land for a " basin," but the manner in which to accomplish the work was yet to be reduced to a prac- ticable conclusion. The committee was, however, empowered to employ a competent engineer, and with his assistance " ascer- tain what head and fall can be had in the Susquehanna Eiver from the head of ' Miller's Eipples' to the foot of the borough, specifying the same at the several points along the contemplated line, both with and without a dam." They were also to inquire into the expediency of using water-power or Steam, the con- struction of the necessary " basin" (reservoir), the cost of water-pipes and laying them in the streets, to- gether with all other information necessary to com- plete the works, special reference being had to " ex- pense, utility, and practicability, and their probable revenue.'' The twin conflagations of the previous year, which had destroyed two blocks of valuable property, in- cluding the Lutheran Church, on opposite corners at Fourth and Market Streets, were still fresh in memory, and the water-works committee, imbued with the faith and indomitable energy of its chairman, pro- ceeded during the summer of 1839 to examine the ground and draw such conclusions as made the result practicable and only a matter of time. In this they were assisted by the engineering talent of the town, chiefly by Col. John Eoberts, who made the survey and plot of the reservoir grounds, and by the spring of 1840 their plans were quite definite and awaited conflrmation and acceptance by the Council. Edward F. Gay, of Philadelphia, an engineer of considerable reputation at that time, was engaged to make a formal test of these preliminary measures, which he did by actual survey, and made a favorable report thereon. The general plan was now matured, and Messrs. Ayres and Pool were delegated by Council to negotiate for the necessary land upon which to locate the reser- voir. The site deemed most eligible was on the heights of the ridge between the river and canal, at the inter- section of North and High (now Fourth) Streets, which was the most elevated spot practicable, the top of the proposed reservoir to be ninety-two feet above low- water mark at the (Market Street) bridge, and ninety- one feet above the noted low water of 1803, marked on Maclay's Eock. As it was also intended to bring the feeding main pipes up North Street from a water- house to be located at its intersection with the river, the locality aforesaid was clearly the proper one. After many interviews, disputes, arbitrations, and suits the required amount of land was ultimately se- 328 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. cured for the reservoir, with its adjoining streets, eight acres and ten perches, at a total cost of four thousand four hundred and thirty-seven dollars and thirty-four cents. It was solely through the instrumentality of Wil- liam Ayres that the money was secured to construct the Harrisburg water-works. On Dec. 26, 1839, Gen. Ayres personally addressed the directors of the Bank of the United States, asking for the loan of twenty- five thousand dollars at six per cent, interest, payable semi-annually, the principal to be paid any time after 1850. The faith, credit, and responsibility of the borough was pledged as security under the act of March 26, 1839, already mentioned. The money was not to be furnished until April next ensuing. Cer- tificates of loan were to be prepared and then issued. The confidence in the integrity of the borough, shown by the liberal subscriptions of the bank re- ferred to, although far short of the sum required to complete the works, encouraged the Council to issue (April, 1841) in its own behalf certificates of indebt- edness ("borough notes," as they were called) in payment for labor, and received for taxes and all municipal dues. These notes were for twenty-five and fifty cents, termed "shinplasters," and one, two, and three dollars. They were graciously accepted by the people, and constituted the currency of the town for nearly three years. It may be 'here noted that they were gradually canceled, and by the autumn of 1843 the necessity of further issue ceased. By September, 1841, the works were considered as finished, anything fiirther being considered as simply extension, and required only the superintendence of the water committee. Mr. Erdman, whose engineer- ing skill had been secured during their construction, consequently relinquished his engineership, and for- mally handed over the management to the Town Council on the 20th of that month. In the year 1843 the capacity of the water-works was commensurate with the necessities of the town. Its income had so far increased that the deficiency to be made up by the borough issues was only about eleven thousand dollars. The labor done npon them was chiefly in finishing up and completing; the dis- puted land damages were settled finally ; very little amount of pipe was laid ; so that this year closed with the Harrisburg water-works an accomplished fact. It may be here stated that by the 1st of January, 1844, the pipe laid was equal in distance to eight miles ; stop-cocks set, 107 ; fire-plugs erected, 99. The total cost of construction, for labor, materials, real estate, freight, and salaries, $120,459.12. The general ex- pense of operating the entire works was reduced to $1482.50 per annum. The number of dwellings, manufactories, and other buildings supplied with water was 658. The total amount of borough debt, $170,783.37. By the extension of the city limits, especially on the east side, the rapid increase of population, a demand was made for an improvement in the water supply of the city. The old reservoir it was found was too contracted, and its height insufficient even at the full level to supply the old part of the city, while beyond the rise of ground east of Paxtang Creek, where there was at least one thousand inhabitants, no improve- ments of the old reservoir could be made which would render aid to that locality. In 1868 active measures were inaugurated and proper legislation secured look- ing to an improved water supply for the city. The water commissioners then appointed were Messrs. William Galder, A. Boyd Hamilton, Charles F. Muench, David 8. Herr, and John J. Shoemaker. On the 16th of June, 1869, the commissioners elected H. P. M. Birkinbine engineer, who at once began an investigation of all the different sources of possible water supply. The following were examined and fully reported upon : 1. Locating the works on the western shore of the Susquehanna opposite the city, forcing the water from the river into a reservoir on Fort Washington Hill, and conveying it across the river by pipes. 2. Constructing a water-power in the Susquehanna in the neighborhood of Rockville, and forcing water from the river into a reservoir constructed by dam- ming up Roberts' Valley, or else locating the reservoir on the southern slope of the First Mountain. 3. Constructing a water-power in the Susquehanna River at Brushy Rock, near McAllister's, and convey- ing it by a canal to a point at or near the present works, where it will be used by suitable water-motors, driving-pumps, for supplying the city. 4. Conveying the water of the .Yellow Breeches Creek in Cumberland County by gravitation into a reservoir located on Fort Washington Hill, and carry- ing it in pipes across the river into the city. 5. Conveying the waters of Stony Creek by gravi- tation into a reservoir located upon the elevated ground east of the city known as Prospect Hill. 6. Conveying the waters of Manada Creek by gravi- tation into a reservoir^ocated on Prospect Hill. 7. Pumping from tlie Susquehanna River at the site occupied by the present works (or at a better one if it can be found) by means of improved steam ma- chinery, and forcing the water into a reservoir of suf- ficient altitude and capacity to meet the present and future wants of the city. The fifth, sixth, and seventh sources were favorably regarded, the others decidedly objected to for various reasons. The commissioners, however, themselves thoroughly examined every source of water supply, and after careful consideration decided upon the seventh plan, with a reservoir on Prospect Hill, and pumping from the Susquehanna at the foot of North Street (or, as it should be gratefully named, Ayres Avenue). At once reports were made to the City Councils, and immediate measures taken to secure the ground, construct the reservoir, and erect such 73^e;3 li (^! ■> to ^ "" , or Bearer, 'he sum cj imyaPci-,- tlcna '1 ia PlffLAD^L^IirA BANK NOTE'';, uhti . ft|i prsswed ^n, su ns cnowLng to Fiv^ J}r'„ it-i M' ij Harr'sbii>-g, Ftbru)!-}' 38J? N^. Therjfts, chie to or Bearer, the sum of /^l TWEIiVE At A HAK.ff' CERTTfe, paiji0i' on dciimnd in PmLADELPUIA BANK NOTES, when presented'in sums amounting tcf Five Dollars. ' Harrlsburg, February 1838.. pae-iORiiifliLS ©IF iKiBiKiPiLaiTiiMS ossynis 31K1 oaSiS. CITY OF HARRISBURG. 329 additional works at the river-front as was proper and necessary. The cost of all the improvements required to secure to the city of Harrisburg one of the most satisfactory systems of water supply in the Union has been less than three-quarters of a million of dol- lars, and the entire establishment is an honor to those who managed its construction, and a credit to the capital city of Pennsylvania. CHAPTER X. Churches — Keforraed — Lutheran — Presbyterian — Methodist Episcopal — Protestant Episcopal — Roman Catholic — Baptist — Evangelical — Church of God— Wesley Union. BEFOEMED CHCEGHES. First Reformed Church. — ^Early in the eigh- teenth century a large number of the members of the Reformed Church emigrated from the Palatinate and settled, as we have before stated, in Pennsylvania. These early settlers brought their Bibles, catechisms, and hymn-books with them, and as their numbers increased organized congregations in various sec- tions of the Province. They then invited ministers of their faith to visit their rude log cabins or churches, in order that they might preach to them, baptize their children, and administer the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. As the country became more thickly settled the want of a spiritual head was greatly felt by the members of the church in Pennsylvania to gather the scattered flock and organize churches. Accord- ingly, in 1747, application was made to the mother- church for a pastor, and Rev. Michael Schlatter, of St. Gall, Switzerland, was sent to the Province. He arrived at Philadelphia on Sept. 6, 1746, and imme- diately entered upon his labors. On the 23d of the same month we find him in Lancaster, and from that time he made frequent and often laborious journeys through this and the neighboring counties, extending his visits as far west and south as Frederick City, Md. Wherever he went he preached with great ac- ceptance to the people, baptized their children, and administered communion. He formed neighboring congregations into pastoral charges, and united them more closely with one another and with the mother- church in the Fatherland, so that by mutual co-op- eration the infant church might be more firmly es- tablished, and more readily supplied with such aid as it needed in its weak, scattered, and destitute condition. At this time there was no regular church building in Harrisburg. The inhabitants of all religious de- nominations, whenever a minister visited them, wor- shiped together in a one-story log school-house which then stood at the foot of Capitol Hill, on the north corner of Third and Walnut Streets. When the town was laid out the first settlers took measures for the erection of a church building, and John Harris granted lot No. 187 on the town plat, situated at the corner of Chestnut and Third Streets, for that pur- pose. The following is a copy of the English sub- scription-list for the erection of the " first church in Harrisburg" : We, the subscribers, do each of us promise to pay, or cause to be paid, unto John Norton, Christian Gunckel, George Redig, and Henry Bruu- ner, or their order, on demand, the sums annexed to each of our names respectively, to be held and appropriated by the said .lohn Norton, Chris- tian Guncl^el, George Redig, and Heury Brunner in purchasing mate- rials for and in building a clinrch and school-house in some convenient part of the town of Harrisburg for the use of the subscribers. In wit- ness whereof we have hereunto set our hands, with the sums annexed, this 12th day of Marcli, a.d. £ Christian Gunckel 2 J.Montgomery Moses Gilmor John Hamilton 1 John Brooks John A. Hanna John Kean Michael Capp John Joseph Henry 2 John Titsworth Samuel Berryhill Henry Fulton Robert Stevenson Alexander Power George Dieffebach Stephen Stevenson George Fackler F. O'Ferral (run off) Samuel Grimes Richard E. King (his J; mark) Adam Boyd John Hoge Samuel Boyd Johil Ebert 1 Michael Bohl n Christian Schwink Henrich Bohl James McNamee Alexander Grstydon Alexander Barr James Sawyers Robert Barr George Frier Jeremiah Rees Due in cash Thomas Hartley Dec. 21, 1787, Mr. Henry paid in part his sub- scription ; three dollars remains. Jacob Zimmerman Thomas Hartley, upon refleciion, in addition.. Stephen Chambers Peter Hoofnagle Jonathan McClure, Esq... 1787. 15 10 16 16 15 12 6 16 7 6 10 7 6 17 6 16 10 15 10 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 15 10 3 9 6 6 7 15 5 10 2 6 Henrich Kilman Benjamin Bomberger Michael Ansbach George Rabsom William Gleht Andrew Forrest Jacob Henning James Duncan Andrew Armstrong {hart gelt) .- 1 .Tacob George Hartman Hanes Flickinger F. Lang Charles Bauermeister John Bovd Richard Dixbn McClelland & Reynolds... Adam Natcher Martin Bundlagol William Crabb J. Hubley John McCheeney Joseph Smith Johannes Herse 1 Charles Stewart Peter Hershey David Montgomery John Wilkes Kitto'ra .Jasper Yeates, Esq Haben wir Emfang-en von der Kord (court) vor die Kirch in Har- risburk 4 .Tohn Spayd Frederick Kleckner .Tohans Koeller George Hoyer 2 George Benedick William Kelso McLuebb Pfarrer _. Frederick Schweitzer ein Tag Hoi/, geschleft hah ich emfangen vor den ueberrest von Stein und Kaick vor die Kirch zn bauen 15 6 10 7 6 9 6 11 3 6 6 2 The following is a copy of the German subscrip- tion list : Zur errichtung und Anbauung eines Schulhauses und Kirche auf einen der besten und tanglichsten plazea allhier in Harrisburg, ver- sprechen wir unterschriebenen die von uns bey gesetzte sunime zu bezahlen an George Rettich, Johannes Norton, Christian Kunckel und Henry Brunner, davon der gebrauch allein vor die Unterschriebenen seyen eolle, zur begraeftigen dieses haben wirunsere Nahmen nebst der summe welches wir zu diesem Gottes werck widmen wollen bey geset- zet, und wollen solches ohne fehl auf die erste anfrage an geraeldete Georg Rettich, Johannes Norton, Christian Kunckel, und Henry Brunner richtig und ohne widerrede uberlraegen, so geschehen, Har- risburg den 12ten Mertz, 1787. Henrich Brunner 1 10 Jacob Zollinger 1 10 George Fritley 1 10 Vallentein Horter 1 10 Karl 7 6 Henrich Henninger (off) 15 JohnPhnI 16 Johannes Dentzel 1 15 Georg Schoederin 1 10 Frederick Clackner 9 Jacob Silsel (run off) 15 John Hocker 15 MichaelFiIbi 16 Johannes Huessner 15 George. Leru 15 Franlz Leru 1 2 Michael Wolf 2 Cornelius Cox 7 Thomas Forster 5 George Schuetz 7 Michel Kab 16 Conrad Bombaugh..'. Peter Bollinger (run off) Jacob Welschans Henrich Boeder Jacob Weber Jacob Weber darauf be- zahlt 12 Michael Kab emfangen.. 12 330 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. A sufficient sum having been raised by subscription, a log church was erected with a front of thirty-five feet and five inches on Third Street, and a depth of thirty feet and five inches to Cherry Alley. The lot had a front of fifty-two feet and six inches on Chest- nut Street, and a depth of two hundred and ten feet to Cherry Alley. The first church building being for the use of all denominations, the original subscrip- tion papers, as we have seen, very properly recited that the edifice was " for the use of the subscribers," and for many years clergymen of different denominations officiated in it. A majority of the subscribers, how- ever, being those who professed the doctrines of Mar- tin Luther and Ulric Zwingle, the church was owned and occupied statedly only by the German Reformed and Evangelical Lutheran congregations. These two religious denominations worshiped together in this' building until the Lutherans purchased a lot on Fourth Street, between Market and Chestnut, and erected a handsome church for themselves, the corner- stone of which was laid in 1814. They sold their in- terest in the old church and lot in 1816 for one thou- sand dollars. In 1791 the two denominations erected a school-house on the old property, as will be seen by the foUowiiig subscription list: Da zum Nutzen und gebrauch derheranwachsenden Deutsche Jugend ein Scbulbaus neben die Kircbe erbauet worden nnd in dassclbige, auch ein stuben ofeii gesetlst worden, und uuii niehr aucb bequem iat Winters, zeit Gottes dienst darin zuhalten und da es einesjeden Christen sein. Pflicht ist, vor seine -Kinder zu aorgen damit sie in gutem unterwieaen Icommen werden, so werden alle diejenigen freundlicbst ersucht einen gefaelligen Beytrag zu thun, damit die dadurch veruraachte Unlsosten des Baues bezalilt werden Itoennen. Harrisburg den IQth December, 1791. Trvstees.^ohn Deiitzel, Georg Rettig, Georg Huyger, Ilenrich Brun- ner, £ s. d. George Hoyer Hat 3 Tag geschaft, 3/9 11 3 George Rettig hat 4 Tag geachaft, 15/0 1 16 3 50 Baclienstein, 1/3 > Friederich Pflieger gibt ein paar Baender 2 9 Michael Derstein ein Tag geachaft 3 9 Georg Pfriemmer hat ein Tag geschaft 3 9 Peter Walter vor ein Fuss zum Ofen gemacht 5 Jacob Eliebrecht gibt in Gelt, bezahlt vor der Bechnung 3 9 John Dentzel gibt in Gelt .■ 7 6 Johannes Ebert 11 3 Joseph Dritt 4 2 Georg Leber 2 6 Jacob WeVshans hat ein Tag geschaft 3 9 George Ziegler ein Tag geschaft 4 Georg Frientiey 3 4 Peter Denig 11 George JausE 3 9 Conrad Bombach 2 6 Friederich Jauss 3 9 Henrich Conrad 3 9 Sohlurlott 2 Georg Hess 2 6 Philipp Blimutb 2 6 Philipp Elibreit 1 10 Conrad Tresenreider hat geben 15 Licht (illegi- ble) 6 3 Christian Kunckel 12 6 Valentein Horter -. 3 9 Jacob Bucher 1 10^ Caspar Smith 2 Hnnnes ZiD 3 9 £ e. d. Peter Nueger ein Tag geachaft 3 9 Georg Feiratein 1 10 Andreas Bihm 2 6 Tobias Seyboth , 2 6 Adam Hoclier 2 6 Chriatoff Hacker 2 Jnbannea Hacker 5 John Komge 10 Valentine Wanger 2 6 Jacob Zollinger hat 3 Tag geachaft 11 3 John Pool 15 liits, aash for the achool-house 5 Andreaa Krausse 1 10}^ Jacob Eeitzel 3 9 Michael Yaene 1 lOJ^ John Luther 5 7J^ Michael Kopp 7 6 Carl Miller 2 9 Henrich Beder 1 10 ,Tohn Comfort ein Tag geachaft 3 9 George Hartman 3 9 Johannes Schneider 3 9 Johannes Heiss 14 lb. Naegel gemacht 5 Bena das Bund 5 10 Stephen Horning 1 Christopher Suess 5 Balaer Sueaa 5 Jacob Sehrly 5 John Deffer 2 Martin Kapp Henrich Kuthraff Abraham Huy Frantz and Georg Leru in gesaegt Holtz 1 Indorsed on outside of subscription paper, viz. : Est iat zusammen in Geld 1 10 3 9 5 7 5 7 £7 19s. 10)4,d, After the death of John Harris his heirs released for five shillings all their interest in the church lot to the trustees of the Reformed and Lutheran Churches. The first pastor of the Reformed congregation was Rev. A. Hautz, and of the Lutheran, Rev. F. D. Schaefifer, the latter of whom then resided in or near Carlisle. The first records of this church bear date Oct. 18, 1788. Both congregations appear to have been united in their temporal affairs and all church regulations from 1787 to 1795. Rev. A. Hautz was the first stationed pastor of the German Reformed Church, and the first resident pastor of any denomination settled in Har- risburg. He owned and occupied a house situated on Chestnut Street, the third house southwest of the church. It appears by the first record of an election, held Sept. 12, 1790, that the following persons were chosen by the respective congregations : Geeman Refobmed. Lutheran. George Hoyer. Heinrich Brunner. Jacob Zollinger. George Hatz. Deacons. Jacob Stehley. Jacob Welschana. Trustees. John Dentzel, George Rettig. Elders. Christian Kunkel. John Hocfeer. Deacons. Michael von Keuen. John Bbert. The entry for 1795 is as follows : "Im Jahr]796 wurden die zwei Gemeinden in Harriaburgb, naemlich die Reformirt und Lutberisch, von eluander Selarirt, und waohlten auf Reformirter Seite zum Eircbenrath : CITY OF HAE.RISBURG. 331 " Tbdbtees.— George Haej-er, Henvich Biiinner; Aelterten, Jacob Shultz, Simon Schneider; Vorsteher, Henrich Lipliart, Johannes Pfeiffer." Up to this time the two congregations had wor- shiped together, but in this year they separated, al- though they occupied the same building. In the same year the old church was wainscoted and put- in thorough repair. In 1804 the vestries of the two de- nominations erected a pulpit and put up galleries on three sides. The walls were plastered and the exte- rior weatherboarded and painted white. On the 28th of March, 1812, Rev. Philip Gloninger, George Hoyer, Fredericlc Kelker, Nicholas Ott, and Frederick Boas purchased of Joseph Allen lot No. 186, adjoining the old church property, for fourteen hundred dollars, for the exclusive use of the German Reformed Church. On the 13th of July, 1813, the Lutherans formally proposed a division of the church property, which was declined by the Reformed brethren. On June 17, 1815, a second proposition was made by the Lutherans, that the German Reformed should purchase an un- divided half of the new Lutheran Church which had been built on Fourth Street in 1814. This occasioned considerable discussion, but the majority of the Re- formed Church opposed the proposition, and the result was that on the 1st of April, 1816, the German Re- formed congregation purchased for one thousand dol- lars the interest of the Lutherans in the old church lot and buildings. On the 3d of July, 1818, "The German Reformed Salem Church of Harrisburg" was incorporated with the following incorporators : Vestry : Trustees, Christian ShaefTer, John Zinn ; Elders,. George Wetherholt, John Kelker ; Deacons, John Horter, John S. Wiestling, George Kunkel, Jacob Hise; Members, M. Rahm, A. Dorsheimer, George Hoyer, Henry George, Jacob Miesch, Jacob Cunkle, Jacob Hoyer, Jacob Bucher, George Snyder, Frederick Beisel, Joseph Doll, John Henning, Henry Frey, Henry Weltshover, Jacob Balsley, Frederick Kelker, David S. Forney, Jacob Steinman, Jacob Greenawalt, Peter Bachman, Jacob Kunkel, Samuel C. Wiestling, Jr., Samuel Swartz, Conrad Knepley, Michael Derstein, Nicholas Ott, John Horn, David Beissel, Peter Snider, Daniel Snider, John A. Stehley. On the 15th of January, 1821, a. meeting of the members was held in the old church, at which Fred- erick Kelker presided and John S. Wiestling acted as secretary. At this meeting it was resolved to erect a new church of suitable dimensions, to front on Chest- nut Street, and the following persons were appointed to collect subscriptions for the purpose : Jacob Bucher, John Kelker, John Zinn, John S. Wiestling, Rev. John Winebrenner, John Horter, Frederick Kelker, and Conrad Knepley. Three weeks afterwards (on Feb. 5, 1821) the committee reported six thousand and six dollars in cash and subscriptions, and the vestry were requested to contract for the erection of a new church. On the 8th of March, 1821, the vestry contracted with Messrs. Samuel Pool and Henry V. Wilson for the erection of a brick church, sixty feet front and seventy-five feet deep, and with a tower one hundred and ten feet to the top of the wood-work, to be com- pleted by July 1, 1822, for the sum of eight thousand dollars. To carry the plan into execution, the old log school-house and the brick house, both of which stood on the church lots, were taken down and re- moved. The church building was immediately com- menced, and on the 11th of June, 1821, the corner- stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. On the 21st of June, 1822, the bell, weighing six hundred and sixty-seven pounds, which had been procured in London at an expense of three hundred and forty-six dollars and fifty-six and one-half cents, was taken to the church and placed in the tower. The following inscriptions are upon it : " T. Mears, of London, Fecit 1822;" " May all whom I may summon to the grave the blessings of a well-spent life receive." The church was finished Aug. 1, 1822, and on the 4th of the same month dedicated to Jehovah. The total cost of the church up to Feb. 15, 1828, was eight thousand five hundred and thirty-seven dollars and fifty-four cents, exclusive of bell. In 1827 the old church was altered by extending an upper floor from the eastern to the western gal- lery, thus converting the interior into two large rooms. The upper one was used for some time by the Sunday- school, and the lower as a day-school. They were afterwards occupied by public schools. In the sum- mer of 1841 the pulpit of the brick church was re- placed by a new one, the walls painted, and many other improvements made. In the same year a spacious lecture-room one story high, twenty-eight by fifty-four feet, with thirteen-feet ceiling, was erected in the rear of the new church. It was subsequently extended to Cherry Alley, making a room twenty- eight by ninety-one feet. In 1855 its interior was handsomely frescoed by George Selling, the noted fresco-painter of Reading, and in January, 1856, a splendid organ, purchased from Jardine & Son, of New York, and presented to the congregation by five members thereof, was put up. The " confirmation table," which stood before the pulpit in the first church since 1787, has been carefully preserved and is used as the speaker's desk in the new chapel, erected in 1880. In 1854 the old log church, corner Third Street and Cherry Avenue, was taken down and four brick dwell- ing-houses erected on its site. The congregation also erected three additional brick dwellings on Cherry Avenue in 1881, after the completion of the chapel. The church was remodeled in 1876, and Salem Chapel, an extensive and beautiful building for Sun- day-school purposes, erected in 1880 and 1881, in the rear of and adjoining the main church building. The following are the names of the stationed pas- tors of the Reformed Church from its foundation to the present time : 332 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Eev. Anthony Hautz, from probably 1788 to 1797. In the tax duplicates of Dauphin County it seems that Mr. Hautz was first taxed in 1792, and the last year in which he is noted as a resident of Harrisburg is in 1797. Eev. Jonathan Helfenstein, from Sept. 7, 1805, to 1808. Rev. Philip Gloninger, from July 17, 1808, to June 26, 1814. Eev. Frederick Eahauser, from April 6, 1816, to April 5, 1819. Eev. John Winebrenner, from Oct. 22, 1820, to March 23, 1823. Eev. Albert Helfenstein, from March 1, 1824, to Sept. 8, 1829. Rev. Daniel Zacharias, from Feb. 21, 1880, to March 31, 1835. Eev. Joseph F. Berg, from Nov. 1, 1835, to Nov. 6, 1836. Eev. John H. Smaltz, from Nov. 1, 1838, to Nov. 1, 1840. Eev. John F. Mesick, from Dec. 17, 1840, to Feb- ruary, 1855. Rev. Daniel Cans, from 1855 to 1864. Rev. W. H. H. Snyder, from "Dec. 18, 1864, to the present time. Second Reformed Church. — On the 20th of April, 1861, Miss Rebecca Elizabeth Reily and Ru- dolph F. Kelker donated to the trustees of the Fir.st Reformed Church of Harrisburg a certain lot of ground fronting on Eeily Street one hundred and twelve feet, and on East Fifth and Sixth Streets one hundred feet, in trust for the use of any persons who might thereafter unite in forming a Second Eeformed congregation, to be in connection with the Eastern Synod of the Reformed Church in the United States ; the said trustees to convey the said lot of ground, with all improvements that might be erected thereon, to the trustees of said Second congregation, whenever they should be incorporated, for the sum of one dollar free of all incumbrance. Nothing was, however, done by the officers of the First Church in the premises until in February, 1863. On the 8th of that month the superintendent and teachers of the Sunday-school resolved in meeting that they would raise two hun- dred dollars for a prospective Sunday-school and Second Reformed Church. On the 12th of the same month, on the petition of the same parties, the con- sistory of the church elected William H. Seibert, one of the teachers in the Sunday-school, as superintend- ent of the proposed new school. During the week a member of the First Church secured the second story of the Good Will engine house, on Ridge Road be- tween Cumberland and Broad Streets, and furnished it at his own expense. On the Sunday of April 19, 1863, at 8.30 o'clock A.M., William H. Seibert, super- intendent-elect, with Miss Sarah Jane Gutelius, Miss Margaret Ulrich (now Mrs. Benjamin Umberger), and Miss Jane W. Umberger (afterwards Mrs. John F. Traut, now deceased), all teachers in the First Reformed Sunday-school, opened the new school with nine scholars. On the following Sunday, April 26, 1863, Rev. George Kurzman, pastor of a Re- formed Church at Middletown, but a resident of Har- risburg, preached the first sermon. On the 19th of November, 1863, Rev. Frederick Fox entered upon his duties as a missionary of the Board of Home Mis- sions, preaching in both the English and German languages. On the 31st of January, 1864, a meeting of persons of the Eeformed faith was held at the dwelling of William H. Seibert, then in South Street, between Second Street and Easpberry Avenue, and the following-named individuals agreed to organize as the Second Eeformed Church of Harrisburg : Wil- liam H. Seibert, Philip Hoke, Eli HoUiuger, Henry Fuehrer, Isaac Moyer, Solomon Wirtz, Daniel Eckert, Jacob Derstein, and Christian Ehrman. On the 24th of April following twenty-seven others united with the congregation. On the 3d of June, 1865, the trustees of the First Church conveyed the real estate above mentioned to the trustees of the Second Church, the latter having been duly incorporated. In this year funds were col- lected, and a chapel built and dedicated Oct. 8, 1865, free of all incumbrance. Eev. Fox preached his farewell sermon March 11, 1866, intending to visit the Pacific coast and labor in the cause of missions there. The Rev. William A. Gring succeeded him, begin- ning his pastorate on the third Sunday of August, 1866. His connection with the congregation con- tinued until Aug. 2, 1868. Rev. Nathaniel E. Bress- ler was pastor from Nov. 8, 1868, until February, 1872. On the 26th of January, 1873, the congrega- tion called the Rev. George W. Snyder, then laboring in Danville, Pa., who entered upon his pastorate April 16, 1873, and has since occupied the same as a faithful laborer in the Master's vineyard. During the summer of 1874 the chapel was enlarged by the erection of an additional Sunday-school-room, and also a room in the basement of the building so as to accommodate the infant and senior Sunday-schools separately. Dedicatory services were held in the chapel and new annex on Dec. 5 and 6, 1874. In the spring of 1876 the large frame church build- ing situated at the corner of Broad Street and Two- and-a-half Street, erected by the Second Advent con- gregation, was offered for sale. March 13, 1876, the congregation unanimously agreed to purchase it for six thousand dollars, for which sum they mortgaged their church property on Eeily Street. On the 19th of March, 1876, the first service was held in the lecture-room of the building, and on the 23d of April, 1876, the newly-purchased building was formally reopened and rededicated to God with appropriate services. The Eeily Street property was disposed of by the congregation to W. H. Seibert for six thousand nine hundred dollars in July, 1877. CITY OP HARRIS BURG. 333 ZwiNGLE Reformed Chubch. — This congrega- tion was organized in 1870 by a number of the mem- bers of the Second Reformed Church of Harrisburg, who desired German preaching exchisively. They purchased a property on the corner of North Street and Church Alley, and erected thereon a neat brick church. The pastors who have- respectively served the congregation are as follows : Rev. Arnold Zullig, Rev. H. Bielfeld, Rev. Moritz Noll, Rev. Frederick Fox, and Rev. H. A. Friedell. At the present time, June, 1883, the congregation is without a pastor. Rev. Friedell having deceased in the early part of this year while pastor of the church. Rev. George W. Snyder, pastor of the Second Reformed Church, has been, a lot on Fourth Street, between Market and Chestnut Streets, and erected thereon a handsome brick church. The building committee to which the erection of this edifice was intrusted was appointed Jan. 26, 1814, and consisted of Christian Kunkel, George Youse, George Ziegler, John Shoch, and Christian Stahl. Plans and specifications having been presented, this committee made a contract on Feb. 14, 1814, with Stephen Hills for the construction of the building. The corner-stone was laid on June 22, 1814, at which time the follow- ing ministers were present : Revs. George Schmucker, ofYorktown; George Lochman, of Lebanon ; Hein- drich DanhofT, of Jonestown : W. G. Ernst, of Mari- etta ; and J. P. Hecht, of Carlisle. An immense con- FIRST CHURCH. since the death of Rev. Friedell, preaching to the Zwingle congregation every Sabbath afternoon. The founders of this congregation were John Henry Blu- menatein, Sr., George Blumenstein, Conrad Blumen- stein, Christopher Nolde, George Rettburg, Ludwig Orth, Stephen Kohler, George Kohler, William Strei- nung. Christian Sturtz, John Nolde, Conrad Nolde, George Bachman, Henry Fubrer, and Daniel Deckel. LUTHEKAN CHURCHES. First or Zion's Church. — Up to 1814 the Lu- theran congregation in Harrisburg worshiped with their German Reformed brethren in the church which, as elsewhere stated, the two congregations had erected for their joint use. In 1814 the Lutherans purchased course of people was in attendance. After repeated and earnest appeals for assistance to sister congrega- tions, the church was finally dedicated on Oct. 1, 1815. On the forenoon of that day Rev. G. Schmucker preached a German sermon. In the afternoon the Rev. Mr. Armstrong preached an English sermon, and in the evening Rev. Mr. Hendel, a German Re- formed minister, preached in German. On Monday, in the forenoon. Rev. Mr. Vanhoff conducted services in German, and in the evening Rev. J. P. Hecht preached in English. The collections during these services amounted to six hundred dollars. The fol- lowing week it was decided to rent the pews, and the afternoons of October 16th and 17th, between the hours of two and five o'clock, were set apart for that 334 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. purpose. In the language of the original record, " to the complete surprise of everybody every pew was taken the first day." "Rev. F. C. Schaeffer and Val- entine Hummel, about a year before, had gone to Litiz and purchased an organ, built by Mr. Bach- man, which was now placed in position in the new church. In 1816 the congregation sold all their interest in the old church property on Third Street to the Ee- formed Church for one thousand dollars, and in 1822 erected a large two-story brick school-house adjoining their church. Eev. F. D. Schaeffer, from near Carlisle, preached statedly until 1795, when Rev. Henry Moeller be- May, 1829. "Mr. Holman was requested to pre- pare a plan of a steeple and lay it before the next meeting." June 22, 1829. " It was further also determined that Mr. Holman superintend the building of the steeple on the Lutheran Church, employ workmen, select the materials,- for which he is to receive fifty dollars as a compensation for services." The building thus remodeled was the place of wor- ship of the congregation until Oct. 21,1838, when the entire edifice and the adjoining school-house (erected in 1822) were entirely' destroyed by fire. On the fol- lowing day, in compliance with a request from the vestry and the pastor. Rev. Samuel Sprecher, the SECOND CHURCH. came first stationed pastor. The following are the founders of this church, who in 1795 signed the articles of church government: Benjamin Kurtz, Henry Saylor, George Pfeiffer, Matthias Hutman, George Jauss, George Hartman, Frederick Youse, Johannes Ebert, John Shoch, George Ziegler, Martin Krieger, George Seidel, George Scheile, George Em- erich, Peter Walter, Caspar Shmidt, Stephen Horn- ing, George Buks, Balthazer Sees, John Fager, Peter Bricker, Christoff Sess, John Mytinger, Bernhard Geiger, Peter Brua. The original building of 1814 continued in use un- altered until 1829, when the following record shows steps were taken to erect a steeple : congregation assembled at the ruins and determined to rebuild the church. A committee consisting of Messrs. Dock, Hummel, and Pool was appointed to prosecute the work of rebuilding, with power to ap- point collectors to solicit subscriptions. The follow- ing gentlemen were appointed : South PTarrf— Messrs. Valentine Hummel, Brown, and German. East Ward —Messrs. David Hummel, Dock, and Seiler. West TTfflrrf— Messrs. Pool, P. Keller, and Fager. North FTarci— Messrs. M. Keller, Barnitz, and Buehler. The work was vigorously prosecuted, and the com- pleted church was dedicated on the 10th of Novem- ber, 1839. It was sixty-four feet front by eighty-four deep, and had a large lecture- room and several Sab- CITY OF HARRISBURG. 335 bath-school-rooms in the basement. It was built of brick, covered with composition, painted white, and the cupola had two bells. The edifice was remodeled and enlarged in 1866-67, and is now one hundred and four feet deep and sixty-four feet front. In the tower, which is one hundred and seventy-five feet high, is a chime of eleven bells. The pastors have been : 1795-1803, Henry Moeller; 1803-12, J. D. Peter- son; 1812-15, F. O. Schaeffer; 1815-26, John George Lochman, D.D. ; 1827-36, Augustus H. Lochman ; 1836-40, Samuel Sprecher, D.D. ; 1840-49, E. W. ShaeflFer ; 1849-65, Charles A. Hay, D.D. ; 1865-75, and German members. The German portion, after several preliminary meetings, organized and founded on Jan. 8, 1843, the present German Lutheran St. Michael's Church. At this meeting Rev. G. J. Martz was chosen pastor, and on February 22d a committee was appointed to draft rules for the government of the congregation, which were adopted on the 6th of July following. Services were held at first in the court-house, in the old Methodist Church, and in the Reformed Church and lecture-room. The congrega- tion then purchased of Thomas Elder a lot on Second Street, below Meadow Lane, and appointed a building committee, consisting of John G. Jauss, Christian THIRD CHURCH. G. F. Stelling, D.D. ; 1875-81, Joel Swartz, D.D. ; 1881, A. H. Studebaker. Up to 1843 the pastors preached in both German .and English, with the exception of the first two, who officiated in the German language alone. In conse- quence of the increase of both the German and English branches of the church, an amicable separa- tion was eflected in 1843, when the German portion organized the German Lutheran St. Michael's Church. German Lutheran St. Michael's Church. — In the fall of 1842 difficulties in relation to services in the English and German languages existing in the Evangelical Lutheran Zion's (First) Church led, as heretofore stated, to a separation between its English Maeyer, Jacob Roger, Jacob Reever, and John Gast- rock, with authority also to collect funds. Rev. Mr. Martz's term having expired,. Rev. J. Vogelbach, of Philadelphia, was installed pastor, July 21, 1844. Soon after this the building committee contracted with Jones & Zimmerman for the erection of the church. The corner-stone was laid May 4, 1844, and on September 15th following the church was dedicated. Owing to some difficulties the edifice would not have been completed but for the liberality of four of its members, John G. Jauss, Christian Maeyer, Jacob Roger, and Frederick Rauch, who advanced each one hundred and fifty dollars to carry on the work. The edifice is a handsome brick building thirty-eight by sixty feet with basement, and has a front gallery. 336 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. organ, and Gothic windows. Tlie cost, with the lot, was about four thousand dollars. In 1844 the congre- gation was incorporated, the articles providing that services should be in the German language only. The pastors have been : 1843-44, G. J. Martz; Jan. I, 1844, to Sept. 22, 1847, J. Vogelbach ; Oct. 1, 1847, to Oct. 1, 1850, L. Gerhardt; Oct. 13, 1850, to April II, 1852, J. Vogelbach; April 12, 1852, to March 26, 1855, D. Maier; 1855 (few months), H. Vossler; Oct. 25, 1855, to Oct. 11, 1857, C. M. Jaeger; 1857-58, W. S. Porr; Dec. 1, 1858, to Jan. 12, 1860, J. J. Kucher; 1860-71, H. Liesmann; 1871-74, 0. Schwankousky; June 10, 1876, George Pfuhl, the present pastor. The Second Lutheran Chubch originated in the mission Sabbath-school founded Jan. 11, 1858, by the Sunday-school Association of Zion's Lutheran Church at the suggestion of William Parkhill. A house on East State Street was rented, in which the first Sabbath-school meeting was held in a front room below, and on the fourth Sunday two floors of the house were filled. In March following a lot was leased on the northwest corner of State and Fourth Streets, on which a chapel was built. It had a small tower and bell. Eev. C. A. Hay, of the Zion's Church, preached every alternate Sunday afternoon during the following winter. On Sept. 13, 1860, the congregation was regularly organized. The first pastor, Rev. E. S. Johnston, began his labors June 24, 1860. The first church officials were: Elders, Jacob Eeel, D. A. S. Eyster ; Deacons, Charles Osman, E. S. German, George Krichbaum, G. T. Murray. The chapel, erected on leased ground, was removed to Williams Street, and on its site the Free Baptist congregation erected its church. A lot was then purchased on the corner of Forster and Elder Streets for fifteen hundred dollars, on which the corner-stone of the present edifice was laid May 29, 1863, Eev. F. W. Conrad, D.D., deliver- ing the discourse. The building was dedicated July 14, 1867, having cost eighteen thousand dollars. The pastors have been : June 24, 1860, to Nov. 4, 1866, E. S. Johnston ; Jan. 13, 1867, to 1870, G. W. Halderman ; September, 1870, to 1873, F. P. Thomp- kins; Nov. 2, 1873, to 1882, L.M. Heilman; 1883, H. S. Cook. Zion's German I^utheran Church is a one- story frame, located on Elder Street. The congrega- tion was organized and the edifice erected in 1863, and in 1865 its constitution was adopted. Its pastors have been : 1863-68, E. M. Yeager ; 1868-73, Eev. Mr. Badenfeld ; 1873-78, D. Spangen- berg ; 1878-80, William Strobel ; 1881, J. G. Abele. Lutheran Jubilee Chapel is located on Four- teen-and-a-half Street, corner of Shoop. The con- gregation grew out of a mission Sunday-school or- ganized by the Sunday-school Association of the First Lutheran Church, which built the frame chapel in 1871. The congregation was formally organized in February, 1872, by Eev. S. Dasher, with thirty- five members. Mr. Dasher also, preaches at Shoop's Church, four miles east, on the Jonestown road, and at Churchville, near Steelton. PRESBYTERIAN OHtJRCHBS. Market Square Church. — Prior to 1790 the Presbyterians of Harrisburg worshiped at, but were united, with, the Paxtang Church, a short distance from the town. After the laying out of Harrisburg, in 1785, the population increased, and the residents invited traveling preachers to ofl5ciate for them on several occasions. In October, 1786, a petition was presented to the Presbytery of Carlisle from residents in Harrisburg and the parts adjacent, requesting that they be erected into a congregation, and be allowed to have a place of worship in the town, and to have supplies ap- pointed them for the pulpit services. No action was taken upon these requests at that time, but in April, 1787, the Presbytery met at Carlisle, and the follow- ing account is taken from the records of the meeting: " A representation and a petition of a number of the inhabitants of Harrisburg and others in the town- ship of Paxtang was laid before the Presbytery and read. The said representation sets forth that these people desire to be considered as a Presbyterian con- gregation, and to have supplies appointed to them by the Presbytery, and that in order to promote peace and harmony between them and the Paxtang congre- gation some proposals had been made and considered, though not accepted by that congregation, a copy of which also was laid before Presbytery. Mr. Elder also gave a representation of the case as concerning these people and the Paxtang congregation. The Presbytery, upon consideration of the case, agreed to propose the following articles to the consideration and acceptance of these people, which may have a tendency to preserve peace and unity in that part of the church : " I. That Harrisburg shall be considered as the seat of a Presbyterian Church, and part of the charge of Eev. John Elder, and in which he is to preach one- third of his time. " II. That Mr. Elder's salary, promised by the con- gregation of Paxtang, shall be continued and paid by tbe congregation in common who adhere to these two places of worship, viz., Paxtang and Harrisburg. "III. That the congregation thus united may apply for and obtain supplies as assistant to the labors of Mr. Elder, to be paid by the congregation in common. " IV. That when the congregation may judge it proper, they shall have a right to choose and call a minister as a colleague with Mr. Elder, to officiate in relation with him." Eev. Dr. Davidson, of Carlisle, president of Dick, inson College, and Eev. John Waugh, pastor of Sil- ver's Spring Church, were appointed to attend at the CITY OP HARRISBURG. 337 church in Lower Paxtang, on the last Tuesday of May, 1787, to moderate and assist in the matter. At a subsequent meeting of the Presbytery, held in June, 1787, Eev. Dr. Davidson and Mr. Waugh re- ported that they had fulfilled their appointment at Paxtang, and that the following had been agreed to by Mr. Elder, his congregation and Harrisburg : I. That the congregation shall have two stated places of public worship, — the one where Rev. Mr. Elder now oflBciates, the other in Harrisburg. II. That the Eev. John Elder shall continue to have and receive during his life or incumbency all the salary or stipends that he now enjoys, to be paid by his present subscribers, as he and they may agree, and continue his labors in Derry as usual. III. That the congregation may, for the present, apply to the Presbytery for supplies, which when obtained, the expense.s shall be defrayed by those who do not now belong to Mr. Elder's congregation and such as may think proper to join them ; and should such supplies be applied for when Mr. Elder is to be in Paxtang, then he and the person to supply shall preach in rotation, the one in the country and the other in town ; but should Mr. Elder be in Derry, then the supplies shall officiate in town. IV. That the congregation when able, or when they think proper, may invite and settle any regular Presbyterian minister they or a majority of them may choose, and can obtain," as co-pastor with Mr. Elder, who shall officiate as to preaching in the manner specified in the third proposal. ISTotwithstanding the permission granted by these articles, Mr. Elder continued to be sole pastor of the two congregations of Derry and Paxtang, the latter including Harrisburg, until his death, in July, 1792. In 1793, Eev. Nathaniel E. Snowden, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, was ordained and installed as pastor over the congregations of Derry, Paxtang, and Harrisburg. In 1794 the latter church was regularly organized, with Moses Gillmor, Adam Boyd, and Samuel Weir as ruling elders. In April, 1796, Mr. Snowden's pastoral relations had ceased with Derry and Paxtang, and he officiated at Harris- burg alone, but he was afterwards permitted to preach at Middletown. Worship was held in the loft of the old jail until the erection, in 1799, of the court-house, when it was Used. As it was the custom in those days to raise money for benevolent purposes by lotteries, application was made to the Legislature for permis- sion to raise by lottery a sum not exceeding five thousand dollars to buy a lot and erect a church. HAKEISBUBGH 1 Br Axithokity. Obdeoh Lotteey. J No. 3912. THIS Ticket wiU entitle the Possessor to SJioh Prize as may be drawn to its Number, if demanded within Twelve Months after drawing. Subject to a Deduction of Twenty per Oeutum. February 8, 1802. yQ^2 Adam Boyd. On March 16, 1798, a law was passed appointing Eobert Harris, George Whitehill, Christian Kunkel, William Graydon, George Brenizer, Adam Boyd, Jacob Bucher, Archibald McAllister, and Samuel Elder commissioners for that purpose. The Gover- nor approved the scheme, which was completed, and the drawing took place from June 1 to 7, 1803. On June 7, 1804, these commissioners purchased a lot on the corner of Second Street and Cherry Alley for four hundred pounds, on which the edifice was erected by William Glass, builder. It was opened for worship Feb. 12 and 13, 1808, when Eev. James Buchanan was installed as pastor, Eev. Mr. Snowden having retired June 25, 1805. This house was built of brick, and was forty-five by sixty feet. In 1816 an addition to the front was built, which was occupied by the Sabbath-school and used as a lecture-room. Mr. Buchanan, who was a licentiate of New Castle Presbytery, served the congregation two-thirds of his time, and the Middle Paxtang con- gregation the remainder. He continued as pastor until Sept. 10, 1815, when on his application his con- nection was dissolved. In the language of the Eev. Dr. Dewitt, " Mr. Buchanan was much esteemed by his congregation as a man of intelligence, piety, and an excellent preacher : he wrote his sermons with great care, and committed them accurately to mem- ory ; his style was remarkably sententious, and his sermons short. " Under his ministry the church was enlarged; it became established in the doctrines of the gospel. After Mr. Buchanan closed his ministry in Harrisburg he remained for some years without a charge in consequence of ill health; when sufficiently restored he took charge of a congregation in Green- castle, Franklin Co., Pa. ; afterwards he removed to Logansport, Ind., where he ceased from his earthly labors, greatly beloved and respected." After Mr. Buchanan's resignation, the Harrisburg congregation remained vacant for three years. On the 5th of October, 1818, the Eev. William E. De- witt, a licentiate of the Presbytery of New York, re- ceived a unanimous call to become their pastor; he shortly after signified his intention to accept their call, and removed to- Harrisburg in December, 1818, and commenced to preach statedly to the congrega- tion. On the 26th October, 1819, he was ordained to the gospel ministry, and on the 12th of November, 1819, installed as pastor of the congregation. The congregation received its legal charter in 1818. In 1838 the division occurred in the general church. The Presbytery of Harrisburg was formed in connec- tion with the New School General Assembly, and this church became a part of that Presbytery. In the winter of 1840-41 the trustees repurchased of the heirs of Eobert Sloan a part of the original church lot, which had been sold to him, and on which he had erected a three-story brick house. In the spring of 1841 the old church was torn down, and a new edi- fice built and dedicated Feb. 13, 1842. It was con- 22 338 HISTOKY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. structed of brick, and covered with white cement, and its dimensions were sixty-three by eighty-four feet. It was adorned in front with a portico, sup- ported by pillars of the Corinthian order, an exact copy of the front of the celebrated Choragie monu- ment of Lysicrates at Athens. The basement story was above ground, and contained a lecture-room, a Sabbath-school-room, and a studio for the pastor. The pulpit was of fine polished Italian marble. In July, 1854, Rev. Thomas H. Robinson was called to act as a colleague of Rev. Dr. Dewitt, and commenced his labors on the 1st of October following. On the 21st of January, 1875, he was installed as pastor, in which relation he still continues. On March 31, 1858, the church edifice was entirely destroyed by fire, which was the work of an incendiary; It broke out in a small stable in the rear of the church, and spread with great rapidity to several adjoining frame buildings, from which it was quicklj' commu- nicated to the church. After its destruction a part of the congre- gation withdrew and formed the present Pine Street Presbyterian Church. The original congre- gation worshiped in Brant's City Hall, Mar- ket Street, until its new edifice was com- pleted. The corner- stone of the latter was laid Oct. 26, 1858, and the edifice was dedi- cated March 18, 1860. It was built on the corner of Second Street and Market Square, under the direction of J. C. Hoxie, architect, of Philadelphia. Its styfe is a rich Ro- manesque, and its size is one hundred and thirty- three feet by sixty-six, exclusive of projections. Its front is on Second Street, from which it has three en- trances, with one at the side, leading to the lecture- and Sabbath-school-rooms, which occupy a distinct part of the building in the rear. There are two turrets on the front part of the building, besides the steeple, which is located on the upper corner of the edifice, MARKET SQUARE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. and is one hundred and ninety-three feet in height. A number of minarets adorn the sides. The audience- room is seventy-six by fifty-eight feet, and contains one hundred and forty pews a good distance apart. There is no gallery, except a small one for the choir, and the ceiling is ornamented with paneling and stucco-work. The height of the walls at the lower corners of the roof is thirty-two feet, and to the cone of the roof in front fifty-six feet. The ruling elders of Market Square Presbyterian Church' since its or- ganization have been : Adam Boyd, Moses Gillmor, Samuel Weir, John Stoner, William Graydon,Robert Sloan, Joseph A. McJimsey, Samuel Agnew, M.D., John Nielson, Rich- ard T. Leech, John C. Capp, James W. Weir, Alexander Graydon, Alexander Sloan* Al- fred Armstrong, Sam- uel W. Hays, Wil- liam McClean, William Root, John A. Weir, Mordecai McKinney, Robert J. Fleming, James Fleming, Wll- Ham S. Shaffer* Walter F. Fahnestock, James F. Purvis, Samuel J. M. MoCarrell* Oilbert M. MoCaulay* Jacob A. Miller* M.D. The pastors were : 1793 to June 25, 1806, Nathaniel R. Snow- den ; Feb. 12, 1809, to Sept. 10, 1815, James Buchanan ; Nov. 12, 1819, to Jan. 21, 1875, William R. Dewitt; July, 1854, when called as colleague of Rev. Dr. Dewitt, Thos., H. Rob- ' inson, present pastor. James W. Weir was superintendent of the Sunday- school for nearly fifty years. The Pine Street Presbyterian Church, ^r " The Presbyterian Church of Sarrisburg," its legal designation, was founded on the 22d of May, 1858, and on that day a committee of the Presbytery of Carlisle consisting of Revs. Messrs. Thomas Creigh, of Mercersburg, Isaac N. Hayes, of Shippens- 1 Those marked (•) being the present ones. CITY OF HARRISBURG. 339 burg, and W. W. Eels, of Carlisle, organized a con- gregation of fifty church members. The congregation then proceeded to elect ruling elders, and Messrs. Francis Wyeth, H. Murray Graydon, and James Mc- Cormick, Jr., were chosen unanimously. On the 23d of May divine service was held in the German Re- formed Church. After the sermon, which was preached by Eev. I. N. Hayes from Exodus xiv. 15, the Rev. Thomas Creigli conducted the service for or- dination of elders. The constitutional questions were proposed to the elders-elect and the members of the church, after which the former were set apart to the office of ruling elder by prayer and the imposition of hands. An address was then made by Mr. Oreigh to the elders and .to the church. Two weeks after the organization of the church the Sabbath-school was formed, on June 6, 1858. It began with eleven teachers and forty scholars. On Feb. 1, 1859, the church was incorporated by act of the Legislature under the name of " The Pres- byterian Church of Harrisburg." The charter then granted provides for the election of seven trustees.* The original trustees, named in the charter, were Messrs. James McCormick, A. B. Warford, Charles C. Rawn, E. M. Pollock, A. Boyd Hamilton, Joseph Casey, and J. Donald Cameron. The congregation had occupied for its various meetings four different places, — the lecture-room of the German Reformed Church, the lecture-room of the Baptist Church, the hall of the Senate, and the hall of the House of Representatives. The erection of a church for their own use was of the first im- portance, and within a year after the organization this work was auspiciously begun. The corner-stone of the church edifice was laid with appropriate cere- monies May 12, 1859. Addresses were delivered by the Rev. R. Watts, of Philadelphia ( no w of Belfast, Ire- land), and Rev. S. T. Lowrie, of Alexandria. Mr. H. M. Graydon read an interesting statement of the steps which led to the formation of the church. Rev. A. D. Mitchell, of Paxtang, and Rev. George Morris, of Sil- ver Spring, conducted the devotional exercises. The stone was adjusted in its place by the Rev. A. Green Simonton. The building committee consisted of Messrs. A. B. Warford, E. M. Pollock, Henry Mc- Cormick, John Haldeman, and C. C. Rawn. The ar- chitect was Mr. Luther M. Simon. , . The lecture-room adjoining the church was finished on the 30th of January previous, and on the occasion of its first occupancy addresses were delivered by Dr. Davidson, of Philadelphia, and the Revs. Messrs. Simonton and Rawlson. The Sunday-school- room was not completed until Jan. 5, 1860. At the time the Sabbath-school took possession of their new abode addresses were delivered by Rev. Dr. Ed- wards, of Philadelphia, and the Hon. Mr. Francis, Speaker of the Senate. In September, 1859, a call was presented to Rev. Dr. Joseph T. Smith, of Baltimore, which, to the dis- appointment of the congregation, was declined. The church again assembled in the lecture-room March 8, 1860, when Rev. William 0. Cattell, D.D., was unani- mously elected pastor of the church. His first sermon after accepting the call was preached March 31, 1860. On the 22d of July, 1860, just two years and two months after the organization, the congregation had the great joy of dedicating their church edifice to the worship of the living God. It was an occasion of public in- terest. Several of the other churches in the city closed their houses of worship so that their members could participate in the services. The Rev. P. D. Gurley, D.D., of Washington City, preached in the PINE STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. morning and afternoon, and Rev. N. C. Burt, D.D., of Baltimore, in the evening. On Aug. 14, 1860, the call to Dr. Cattell was presented to him by the Pres- bytery of Carlisle, and by him accepted. On the 2d of September of this year he was installed as pastor, the installation services being held in the new church. The Rev. A. D. Mitchell, of Paxtang, presided and gave the charge to the people ; Rev. Dr. McPhail, president of Lafayette College, preached the sermon, and the Rev. Henry Reves, of Chambersburg, gave the charge to the pastor. On July 19, 1863, Mr. Jacob F. Seller was ordained to the eldership, and on November 12th the pastoral relation with Dr. Cattell was dissolved by the Pres- bytery, to the great regret of the entire church. He had accepted the presidency of Lafayette College, but has never abated his deep interest in this his first and only pastoral charge. He preached his farewell sermon Nov. 29, 1863, after a pastorate of three years and two months. The congregation was without a minister for about a year. 340 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. The Eev. Samuel S. Mitchell was received under the care of Presbytery as a licentiate from the Pres-' bytery of New Brunswick on Oct. 4, 1864, and ac- cepted a call from the church, which had been made at a congregational meeting held on the 3d of the preceding May. He was ordained and installed on Nov. 15, 1864. He remained pastor of the church four years and three months, when he accepted a call to the New York Avenue Church of Washington City. The gtastoral relation with this church was dis- solved P"eb. 23, 1869. PINE STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHORCH. The third pastor of the church was the Kev. Addi- son K. Strong, D.D., who was called at a meeting held Feb. 3, 1870. The call was presented at a meet- ing of Presbytery held April 13, 1870. He was in- stalled on the 14th of June. His pastorate contin- ued threeyears and eight months, when he accepted a call to the Presbyterian Church in Kalamazoo, Mich., and on Feb. 12, 1874, the pastoral relation to this church was dissolved by Presbytery. The Sunday-school celebrated its fifteenth anniver- sary on the evening of Feb. 1, 1874. This celebra- tion was of more than a passing interest. The crowded rooms that night gave occasion for thank- fulness and regret, — thankfulness at the remarkable ■growth of the school, which then numbered over eight hundred members, and regret that its accom- modations were not more ample. The superintendent made an announcement which intensified the one feeling and dispelled the other when he stated that Messrs. J. Donald Cameron, James McCormick, and Henry McCormick would purchase ground adjoining the church, and that Mrs. Eliza McCormick and Mrs. Mary Cameron would erect a building thereupon, not to cost more than thirty thousand dollars. Ground was broken for the erection of the new Sunday-school building April 15, 1874. On Dec. 3, 1874, Rev. John E. Paxton, of Church- ville, Md., was called to the pastorate, The call was accepted by him at a meeting of Presbytery held Feb. 2, 1875. He was installed as pastor Sabbath evening, Feb. 28, 1875, the Eev. Dr. D. C. Marquis, of Baltimore, preaching the sermon ; Dr. Eobinson, of this city, giving the charge to the pastor, and Dr. Cattell the charge to the people. On the 7th of April, 1875 (Wednesday evening), the new Sunday-school building was dedicated. Ad- dresses were made by Rev. S. A. Mutchmore, D.D., of Philadelphia, and Dr. Cattell. The i^chool occu- pied it on the following Sabbath, when addresses were made by Dr. Cattell and the pastor, Mr. Paxton. The church edifice was remodeled this year, and alterations made which largely added to the comfort of the congregation. These improvements- were made under the supervision of a committee consist- ,ing of Messrs. A. Boyd Hamilton, Henry McCor- mick, J. Donald Cameron, J. J. Dull, T. T. Weir- man, Thomas L. Wallace, and G. W. Buehler. The church worshiped in the building as it now stands for the first time June 11, 1876. On the 18th of June the congregation with great reluctance acquiesced in the request of the pastor that the pastoral relation be dissolved. He had received and accepted a call from the New York Avenue Church of Washington, and frankly stated his reasons for going to that new field. The request was acted upon by the Presbytery of Carlisle on the 20th of June, 1878, and the congregation was once more with- out a minister. The present pastor, Eev. Mr. George Stuart Chambers, was called in September, 1879, ac- cepted the call at a meeting of the Presbytery held October, and installed Tuesday evening, Nov. 11, 1879. In a sermon preached on the twenty-fifth anniver- sary of the gathering of the congregation Kev. Mr. Chambers said, " The review of the past would be very incomplete without summing up the work of the church during the quarter of a century, and contrast- ing the beginnings of our history with the condition of things to-day. This summary and contrast is very suggestive of our duty both to God and to the world about us. It stimulates the inquiry whether all has been done that it was possible to do, and whether in view of what God has made us and given us we are doing for His kingdom all that we might do. The first statistical report and our last statistical report furnish us the following contrasts: " In April, 1859, total number of communicants was 83 ; in April, 1883, 507 ; increase, 424. In April, 1859, contributions to home missions, $99.93 ; in April, 1883, $2102.00. In April, 1859, total Sunday-school'mem- bers, 140 ; in April, 1883, 1602 ; increase, 1462. In April, 1859, contributions for home missions, $21.98 ; in April, 1883, $1627. In April, 1859, the total benev- CITY OF HARKISBURG. 341 olent contributions of the church, $267.31 ; in April, 1883, $5727. " During the twenty-five years of our history the money contributed for all purposes by the church is as follows : Home missions, $29,070 ; foreign missions, $24,880; education, $6408 ; publication, $2483; church erection, $7833 ; relief fund, $3775 ; freedmen, $2510 ; sustentation, $2364 ; General Assembly's fund, $428 ; congregational purposes, $142,173 ; memorial fund in 1871, $12,380; miscellaneous charities, $91,495; total for twenty-five years, $325,799. During this period baptisms, 119 adults, 289 infants. The first child baptized was Naudain, son of Mr. and Mrs. A. Boyd Hamilton. " The accessions to the church during these twenty- five years have been on certificate 494, and by exami- nation 514, a total of 1008. The present membership is 507. It thus appears that 501 persons have severed their connection with the church. Of these we find that 105 have died, 380 have been dismissed to other churches, and there are 16 who have left the church in regard to whom there is no knowledge. It is a striking fact that an entire congregation about equal in size to that we have at present has passed away from us, the most of them to other parts of God's kingdom on earth, many of them to the kingdom of glory." This congregation is now numerically the strongest on the roll of Carlisle Presbytery. Seventh Stbeet Chukch was organized Sept. 6, 1868. It is located on Seventh Street, near Maclay Street. The first pastor installed was Kev. S. W. Pomeroy; the second, Kev. W. A. McAle^; the third and present, Eev. Charles A. Wyeth, who was stated supply from 1868 to 1870, when he was installed as regular pastor. The congregation numbers nearly a hundred, and the Sunday-school has one hundred and seventy-five scholars. Westminstee Church was established June 19, 1873, with Eev. William A. West as the first pastor, who has continued to the present time. The chapel is situated on the corner of Reily and Two-and-a-half Streets, is eighty by one hundred and forty feet in size, and cost over twelve thousand dollars. Jt has a Sabbath-school of over three hundred scholars. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. Grace Church.— Harrisburg was visited in cir- cuit statedly as early as 1802 by the Eev. Jacob Gruber, but the first Methodist society in this vicin- ity was not organized until 1810. The first efibrt of the Methodist society to own a church building was on the 19th of January, 1816, when Eichard Mc- Allister (who afterwards was appointed as circuit preacher), William Burton, Alexander Glasgow, Lud- wig Kelly, Jacob Allen, and William -Musgrave, as trustees of the Methodist society of Harrisburg, en- tered into articles of agreement with Joseph Mitchell for the purchase of a lot on Pine Street marked 90 and 91 in the borough plan, thirty-eight feet front on Pine Street, and running back a depth of one hun- dred and five feet, for the sum of two thousand dol- lars. This lot is part of that now occupied by the Pine Street Presbyterian Church building. These trustees paid in cash the sum of $450.75, and agreed to convey to Mitchell lot No. 207, bounded by Third Street, Mulberry and Cherry Alleys, which they had, prior to that time, bought for the use of the Method- ist society, as part of the consideration for the Pine Street lot. The Methodist society entered upon this lot under their article of agreement, and altered and arranged a two-story brick house erected thereon for use as a meeting-house, and there held their stated and devotional services for several years. This lot after various proceedings in the law was finally sold by the sheriff to satisfy a claim of Frederick Kelker, assignee of Samuel Gehrman, vs. Joseph Finley, who had owned the ground, and encumbered it before it was sold to Joseph Mitchell. It was sold in Decem- ber terra, 1818, for the sum of seven hundred and two dollars, to George Pearson and Jacob M. Halde- man, and the deed made to them Feb. 3, 1819. After vacating this building the congregation wor- shiped in a small one-story log house, on the south- east side of Locust Street, between Second Street and Eiver Alley, and afterwards in the school-house of Mr. Maginnis, a one-story frame building which for- merly stood in Easpberry Alley, east of Chestnut Street, on the lot subsequently owned by Jacob Miley. In October, 1818, the following persons composed the church : John Funk, Joseph Mitchell, Jane Mitchell, John Bond, Eebecca Bond, Harriet Henry, Amelia Henry, William Musgrave, B. Barret, John Hosier, Alexander Buffington, John Eigg, Jane Wood, E. Wood, Louisa Power, Jacob M. Awl, Aurora Callen- der, Mary McMichael, George Linketter, John Bur- kett. In 1820 the society erected the brick building on the eastern corner of South and Second Streets, at a cost of fifteen hundred dollars. The trustees were then John Funk, John Bond, and James Gallagher. It was dedicated in December, 1820 ; the preachers on the circuit being Eev. J. Gruber and Eev. H. G. King. It continued to be a circuit church until 1834, when it became a station, with Eev. Francis Hodg- son as pastor. The congregation then numbered one hundred and seventy-five. A few years subsequent to the erection of this building some unknown per- son or persons entered it at night and, with an auger, bored holes in the sills of the church. These they filled with powder, which they ignited by slow matches, and the explosion that resulted shattered the pulpit. The Governor of the State and the town Council each offered a reward of one hundred dollars, but the perpetrators of the deed were never discovered. The outrage excited such sympathy that 342 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. by means of the liberal donations of money which flowed in the congregation was not only enabled to construct a new pulpit, but also to pay an onerous debt on the church edifice itself. On the 16th of June, 1836, the society was incor- porated by the Supreme Court, under the corporate name of the " Methodist Episcopal Church of Har- risburg, Maclaysburg, and vicinity." The property owned and built by the Unitarians. The trustees at this time were Jacob M. Awl, John Da vies, John A. Bigler, Joseph Black, Henry Antes, James Canning, Alexander Buffington, and Jacob Ettla. On this lot a church building was erected at a cost of eight thou- sand five hundred and twelve dollars and sixteen cents. It was dedicated in August, 1839. The society num- bered two hundred and nine members. The old GRACE METtlODISX EPISCOPAL CHURCH. consisted of the church building and the burying- ground on North Street, which was afterwards taken by the borough authorities, and now forms part of the site of the old reservoir grounds. In 1837 they purchased a lot on Locust Street from Dr. Luther Reily, seventy-five by seventy-eight feet nine inches, for the sum of sixteen hundred dollars. It had erected thereon a church building, originally chui-ch on Second Street was sold to the United Brethren, who, after occupying it for several years, conveyed it to the " Sons of Temperance," who greatly enlarged and improved it, subsequently pass- ing into the possession of the Jewish congregation, who now occupy it. Locust Street Church was remodeled in 1852. The edifice becoming too small, it was decided to erect a CITY OF HAKRISBURG. 343 more commodious one. Ground was secured on West | State- Street, corner of Myrtle Avenue, and the pres- ent Grace Church building commenced, and the corner-stone laid in 1871. On the 28th of Decem- ber, 1873, the chapel was dedicated by Bishop Simp- son, while the main building was consecrated on the 10th of March, 1878. The lot on which the church was erected cost nineteen thousand six hundred dol- lars, and the structure one hundred and five thousand dollars. When the present edifice was commenced the trus- tees were John J. Clyde, Augustus Sayford, Daniel T. Wilson, J. Wesley Awl, John W. Glover, E. E. Chrisman, Col. George F. McFarland, and William Calder. The building committee were John J. Clyde, Augustus Sayford, William Calder, and John W. Glover. The church membership is six hundred. Since it was made a station, in 1834, its pastors have been: 1834, Francis Hodgson; 1835-37, E. Geary; 1837-39, Thomas J. Thompson; 1839-41, William Barnes ; 1841-43, Joseph Lybrand ; 1843-45, Anthony Atwood; 1845-47, Joseph Castle; 1847^9, William Cooper; 1849-51, Francis Hodgson (second term); 1851-53, William TJrie; 1853-55, Alfred Cookman ; 1855-57, Jo)in D. Curtis ; 1857-59, David W. Bartine ; 1859-60, William Bishop, T. W. Martin; 1860-61, William Bishop; 1861-63, Franklin Moore ; 1863-66, John Walker Jackson; 1866-68, J. F. Chaplin; 1868-71, C. J. Thompson ; 1871-74, W. J. Stevenson ; 1874-77, C. A. Holmes; 1877-79, Eichard Hinkle; 1879-82, Charles W. Buoy ; 1882, W. J. Stevenson, present pastor. St. Paul's Church, Vine Street near Paxton, was organized in 1860, and was under the pastoral charge of Eev. Eobert J. Carson for the first two years of its existence. Its first place of worship was on Second Street (James property). Its pastors have been: 1860-62, Eobert J. Carson; 1863-64, J. E. Kessler; 1864-66, J. Owen Sypherd; 1866-68, C. W. Bickley; 1868-71, G. G. Eakestraw ; 1871-72, Eeuben Owen ; 1872-74, John O'Neil ; 1874-77, J. A. Melick ;- 1877-80, M. L. Ganoe; 1880-81, Thomas M. Eeese ; 1881-82, N. S. Buckingham ; 1882, J. B. Mann, the present pastor. The church building is a neat frame structure. EiDGB Avenue Chubch, on Sixth Street, corner of Herr, was erected in 1863. The congregation was organized in 1861, and its first pastor was Eev. Joseph Gregg, who officiated for two years. The church was at first known as the Froilt Street charge. Its pastors have been: 1861-63, Joseph Gregg; 1863-65, George G. Ea,kestraw; 1866-68, William M. Eidgway ; 1868-71, Thomas M. Griffith ; 1871-72, J. Lindemuth; 1872-75, William Eink; 1875-78, James B. Clarke; 1878-81, G. D. Pennypacker; 1881, B. B. Hamlin, the present pastor. The church edifice is a beautiful building located on a commanding position. Mount Pleasant Church is located on Thir- teenth Street, corner of Vernon. The congregation was organized in 1869, under Eev. John Stringer, and worshiped in the school-house until the erection of its frame edifice, in 1873. Its pastors have been: 1869-71, John Stringer; 1871-72, W. C. Johnson ; 1872-73, Francis E. Church ; 1873-75, T. S. Wilcox; 1875-77, H. N. Minnigh; 1877-78, John Stine; 1879-81, Daniel Hartman; 1881, George M. Hoke, the present incumbent. The church membership numbers ninety persons, and that of the Sunday-school one hundred and sixty. Fifth Street Church is located on Fifth Street, corner of Granite Avenue. The congregation was organized in 1871, under Eevs. Thomas M. Griffith and F. A. Eiggen, the former pastor of Eidge Avenue Church. Its pastors have been : 1871-72, Thomas M. Grif- fith ; 1872-73, S. H. Hoover; 1873-75, W. H. Keith; 1875-76, G. T. Gray; 1876-78, P. F. Eyer; 1878-80, W. V. Ganoe ; 1880-83, J. H. Black ; 1883, John A. De Moyer, the present pastor. The church building was erected in 1870-71. The congregation belonged to the Philadelphia Conference until 1873, since which time it has been connected with the Central Pennsylvania Conference. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHUROHES. St. Stephen's. — The earliest reference to the work of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Dauphin County is made in'the report of the church missionary at Lancaster, Eev. Thomas Barton, who was sent to this portion of the country by the " Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." The headquarters of the society were at London, England, and the date of Mr. Barton's report is Nov. 10, 1766. In this report Mr. Barton says, " Mr. John Cox, a mer- chant of Philadelphia, by a deed granted to the so- ciety, gave a lot for church purposes in Estherton, lying northwest of Lancaster about forty miles, on the river Susquehanna, where there are several families belonging to the church, who are at too great a dis- tance from any stated mission to attend divine ser- vice. This gentleman has also promised to give twenty pounds himself, and to collect one hundred pounds more among his friends in Philadelphia, to- wards building a church upon said lot, and his lady engages to furnish it with a bell. . . ." There is no record that this church was ever built, but the so- ciety above referred to appointed an itinerant mis- sionary, to travel about from one vacant church to another, and Estherton was included in this charge. Although Estherton was older than Harris' Ferry, the latter place took the lead ; but there must have been at one time established services there, as it is stated that Bishop White preached there on several occasions. 344 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. The first Episcopal services enjoyed by the people of Harrisburg were rendered by the Kev. William A. Muhlenberg, D.D,, then rector of St. James', Lan- caster, who, from December, 1823, to June, 1824, offi- ciated here once each month in the old log church, situated on the corner of Third Street and Cherry Alley, which was given by the Reformed Church. At that time Dr. Muhlenberg's efforts to form a con- gregation and organize a parish failed. The next services in Harrisburg were rendered by the Rev. Charles S. Williams, then rector of St. John's, York. He officiated once in each three weeks, from October, 1824, to March, 1825, a period of six months. The third clergyman who performed services here was Rev. James Depui, then in deacon's orders. He la- bored from September, 1825, to January, 1826, a period of six months. The vestry seems to have been organized in 1825, as the parish was admitted to the Convention at Read- ing in 1826, but the first record bears the date of March 25, 1826, on which day a meeting of the vestry was held. This vestry was composed of John B. Cox, William Mileham, John Depui, James Peacock, George Fisher, William Putnam, James Buchanan, Alexander C. Wilson, James Woodman, Samuel Bryan, John E. Forster, and Joseph Curzen. At this meeting the Rev. John B. Clemson was elected rector of the parish. The organization of the parish was largely due to his zeal and energy. At that time but six families could be found avowing themselves Epis- copalians. Plans were agreed upon, 20th Apjil, 1826, for a neat brick building sixty-five feet front by sixty feet deep, and a contract entered into with Messrs. Bryan and Dowding, the cost being limited to four thousand dollars. The corner-stone was laid with Masonic ceremonies on St. John's day, 24th June, 1826. On the 9th of May, 1827, the church, which is situated on Front Street, a short distance below Pine, was consecrated by the Rt. Rev. William White, D.D., bishop of the then diocese of Pennsylvania. Fifty pews were rented at that time, and twenty-five per- sons were confirmed. A lofty, square, brick tower surmounts the front of the edifice, in which is a fine- toned bell. The edifice has been enlarged and re- modeled internally, yet presents the same front. The rectory is situated on Front Street above Pine. The consecration of St. Stephen's was attended with the additional interest of the presence of the Diocesan Convention, which met here at that time ; and the further interest attaches in the fact that there and within those walls the election of the Rev. Henry Ustrick Onderdonk took place as assistant bishop of Pennsylvania. Bishop Onderdonk was consecrated in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1827, and made his first visitation to Harrisburg on the 27th of December, 1827. Under date of Nov. 17, 1835, the following entry appears on the records : " Resolved, That the thanks of the vestry and congregation be tendered to Mrs. Wharton for her kindness in presenting St. Stephen's Church with a set of communion plates, and that the secretary transmit her a copy of this resolution." It is fair to presume that this gift embraced the whole communion set, but this is not stated. The Diocesan Convention of Pennsylvania met in St. Stephen's in May, 1841, and on the 9th of Novem- ber, 1871, the primary Convention of the diocese of Central Pennsylvania assembled in that edifice, at which the Rt. Rev. M. A. DeWolf Howe was chosen bishop, making the second bishop elected within its walls. The rectors of St. Stephen's have been : 1826-28, Rev. John B. Clemson; 1828-29, Rev. John W. Curtis; 1829-31, Rev. John Reynolds; 1832-38, Rev. Nathan Stern; 1838-42, Rev. Charles V. Kelly; 1842-44, Rev. Henry Major ; 1844r-52, Rev. Joseph H. Ooit, D.D. ; 1852-56, Rev. Henry H. Bean; 1857- 60, Rev. Robert Allen Castleman ; 1860-67, Rev. B. B. Leacock, D.D. ; 1867, Rev. Robert J. Keeling, D.D. St. Paul's, located at the corner of Sixth and Fors- ter Streets, is the outgrowth of a mission Sunday- • school, established under the auspices of St. Stephen's Church, in November, 1857. In the summer of 1858 a frame building was erected at a cost of one thou- sand dollars, at the north side of the reservoir, on ground donated for the purpose by several of the members of St. Stephen's, and was consecrated by Rt. Rev. Dr. Bowman, assistant bishop of the State, Jan. 13, 1859. St. Paul's congregation was organ- ized Jan. 5, 1859, with the following vestrymen : William P. Beatty, William Buehler, Daniel D. Boas, Benjamin Park, Robert A. Lamberton, Thomas L. Wilson, William T. Hildrup, William Garret, J. R. Jones, John Cruikshank, Charles H. Coates, and Charles Conner. Delegates were elected May 5, 1859, to the Episcopal Convention, which received the con- gregation into full union. The new church edifice, due chiefly to the legacy of Mr. Charles Conner, was opened June 30, 1878, and consecrated Feb. 23, 1879. The pastors have been : May 13, 1860, to Oc- tober, 1861, William V. Feltwell ; July 1, 1864, to Nov. 18, 1865, Alfred J. Barrow; Dec. 10, 1865, to Dec. 7, 1867, J. H. Hobart Millett; Sept. 13, 1868, to Sept. 13, 1869, Joseph S. Colton ; Nov. 13, 1871, to Nov. 30, 1875, W. T. Bowen; Oct. 1, 1876, to 1879, B. F. Brown ; July, 1879, Leroy F. Baker, present pastor. During the interregnum, between 1861 and 1864, Rev. B. B. Leacock, of St. Stephen's, frequently officiated, and between 1869 and 1871, occasional services were had by Revs. R. J. Keeling, D.D., and V. H. Berg- haus, and by H. C. Pastorius, then a lay reader. BOIMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES. St. Patrick's Cathedral.— The first Catholic congregation organized in Dauphin County was lo- cated within the present limits of Harrisburg. As CITY OF HARRISBUKG. 345 early, however, as 1810, the grounds now owned by them on Allison's Hill were in their possession, and the Jesuit Fathers from Conewago visited the place at stated intervals and held services. There also was their first graveyard. At a laterdate the property came into the possession of William Allison, but in subse- quent years was reacquired by the church, and is now held by it. The construction of St. Patrick's was commenced in 1826, by Rev. Michael Curran, the first regular pastor, and consecrated Oct. 2, 1827, by Rt. Rev. Henry Conwell, then bishop of the dioce.se of Philadelphia. It was a neat building, with a tower and large bell, situated on the north side of State Street, between Second and Third. Its orig- inal size was about fifty by seventy-five feet, and its cost from six thousand to seven thousand dollars. The bell belonging to the church was presented by ST. PATRICK S CHURCH. the king of France in acknowledgment of the compli- ment paid his family in the naming of the county Dauphin. In the course of time, as the congregation increased, the edifice' was enlarged some twenty-five feet and otherwise improved. On Father Curran's death, which happened in Astoria, L. I., the Rev. John Foley was appointed to minister. After a few months he was succeeded by Rev. Pierce Maher in 1835. This Father officiated as pastor for many years, endearing himself to his flock by his kind and char- itable disposition. Upon the erection of the diocese of Harrisburg, in 1868, he was transferred to Norris- town, where he died in December, 1873. St. Pat- rick's Church became the pro-cathedral of the new diocese. July 12, 1868, the Rt. Rev. J. F. Shana- han was installed the first bishop of Harrisburg in presence of a large concourse of bishops, priests, and laity of this and neighboring dioceses. For some years the Right Reverend Bishop was assisted at the new cathedral by the well-known and much-respected Fathers Barry and Bastible, who, unfortunately for the diocese, died young in their zealous labors. The present pastor is the Rev. Michael J. McBride, a gen- tleman of learning and well qualified for the priestly office. In December, 1873, the church was enlarged again and remodeled, and its exterior and interior modernized, so that now it is one of the finest churches in the city. It was reopened and consecrated in 1874, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Lynch, of Charleston, S. C. St. Laurence's (German) Church is located on Walnut Street, near Fifth. Its congregation was organized by Father Dryer, of York, in April, 1869, after whose death Rev. M. J. Meurer took charge. From Jan. 1, 1860, it was attended regularly twice a month by Rev. J. Vollmeyer and Rev. M. J. Meurer. Up to this time the congregation had wor- shiped in a hall, but in November, 1860, it pur- chased an old church on Front Street, between Wal- nut and Locust. "From Jan. 26, 1862, the church was attended by Rev. C. Schafroth, from the Columbia Church. His successor. Rev, William Pieper, at^ tended twice a month from Dec. 6, 1863, to April, 1868, and was succeeded by Rev. J. B. Frisch, the first resident priest of the congregation. In January, 1869, it was placed in charge of the present pastor. Rev. Clemens A. Koppernagel. The old church edi- fice was found inadequate for the growing congrega- tion, and in the spring of 1874 the site on which the present large and beautiful church stands, on Walnut near Fifth Street, was secured, and the work of con- struction immediately commenced. In September, 1878, the building was dedicated. It is a brick struc- ture, and its erection is largely due to the untiring labors of the zealous pastor. Father Koppernagel. Its interior finish is mainly the work of its pastor, who executed all the elaborate carving, decorations, win- dow staining, making of the pulpits, altars, etc. The interior, which will not be finished for several years, is pure Gothic in style. Under the ministrations of the present pastor the congregation has largely in- creased, and now aggregates over five hundred souls. Adjoining the church, on Short Street, is the parish residence, a fine brick structure, connected with which is the building for the parochial school. Immedi- ately in the rear of the latter is the work-shop, in which the pastor has labored with his own hands in preparing the decorations for the interior of the church. BAPTIST CHUKCHBS. First Church. — On the 19th of February, 1830, Rev. Dyer A. Nichols came to Harrisburg under the auspices of the Pennsylvania Baptist Board of Mis- sions, and proceeded to establish regular services. Sunday meetings were held at private houses, and on the 22d of March, 1830, "it was agreed in Council to 346 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. hold a meeting In the Unitarian Church, then on Locust Street, to organize a church. On April 2, 1830, the meeting was held, with the following per- sons present, viz. : Eev. Dyer A. Nichols, GriflBth E. Eoberts, Mary Berry, Abigail Eittenhouse, Ann Wil- kinson, Thomas Corbitt, Julia Thompson, and Fanny Phillips, who then constituted themselves the " First .Baptist Mission Church of Harrisburg." The first baptism took place July 4, 1830, when Levi L. Tate and Linn Banks were baptized. By September 19th following their number had increased to twenty-one. In the fall the congregation began the erection of a church on Front Street, between Walnut and Locust Streets, which was finished in August, 1831. It was a brick structure, forty by fifty feet, with a school-- room in the basement. The original founders were William Griffith, Eev. Dyer A. Nichols, Griffith E. Eoberts, and Jeremiah Eeese, and the cost of the lot and erection of building was six thousand seven hundred dollars, a large portion of which was con- tributed by a member of the church. The new edifice was dedicated Aug. 18, 1831, and on September 30th following, Eev. George J. Miles, of Centre County, became pastor, and remained until Feb. 24, 1833. About 1854 the congregation vacated the church building on Front Street, and commenced the erec- tion of a large brick edifice at the east corner of Second and Pine Streets. This was put under roof in 1858, but not completed until 1865. The pastors have been : April 2 to Sept. 30, 1831, Dyer A. Nichols ; Sept. 30, 1831, to Feb. 24, 1835, George J. Miles ; May 21, 1835, to Nov, 22, 1835, Samuel Wilson; 1836, Thomas G. Keene; Nov. 27, 1837, to Dec. 31, 1839, Edward Kingsford; Sept. 7, 1841, to April, 1846, Matthew T. Semple ; July 11, 1844, to March 19, 1845, Edward Conover ; Dec. 7, 1845, to June 24, 1846, W. A. Eoy; March 3, 1847, to Jan. 1, 1849, Jonas A. Davis; Oct. 11, 1852, to July 15, 1857, David Wil- liams; Aug. 1, 1858, to Aug. i, 1860, J. Green Miles; April 18, 1861, to May 1, 1863, W. 8. Wood ; Feb. 1, 1866, to Oct. 1, 1868, E. L. Bailey; April 1, 1869, to April 1, 1873, George Pierce; Oct. 1, 1873, to March 1, 1875, J. A. Kirkpatriek ; Sept. 2, 1875, J. T. Judd, present pastor. Beth Eden Eegulae Baptist Chapel is situated on Fourth Street below Hamilton. It is a frame structure, erected in 1871 for mission and Sunday- school purposes, and is under the control of the First Baptist Church. FiEST Free Baptist Church.— The origin of this church was a division in the congregation of the " Church of God" worshiping on Fourth Street. The organization of the seceding members was efi'ected July 10, 1862. In a few months thereafter the or- ganization secured a lot of ground on the corner of Fourth and East State Streets, on which they subse- quently erected a church building at a cost of about fifteen thousand dollars, and the edifice was dedicated Feb. 5, 1865, the Eev. G. T. Day, D.D., of Providence, E. I., preaching the sermon. The pastors of the First Frep Baptist Church have been : 1862-69, Eev. James Calder, D.D. (during the years 1865 to 1868, Eev. J. S. Burgess was assistant to Eev. Dr. Calder) ; 1869-71, A. H. Chase ; 1872-77, A. F. Bryant; 1877-78, Thomas Burkholder; 1879-81, Thomas H. Drake; 1882, Wil- liam Fuller. Second Free Baptist Church. — The origin of this church was in a committee appointed by the "First Free Baptist Church of Harrisburg, Pa.," in the spring of 1866, to start a missionary Sunday- school on Allison's Hill. The organization of the Second Church took place on Jan. 11, 1873. The pas- tors in charge of the work from the commencement of the Sunday-school mission, in 1866, up to Jan. 11, 1873, when the workers in the mission enterprise organized themselves into an independent body, were those of the First Free Baptist Church at that time, with theEevs. Silas M. Clark, S. M. Mathews, and others as assistant preachers in charge. In January, 1873, after the church was organized and incorporated as an inde- pendent body, the Eev. A. C. Hills was elected pastor, and held the office for one year. In April, 1874, the Eev. John Swank was called to the office, and was the last pastor of the church. The first place of worship was a government army building purchased and re- erected on east side of Hummel Street, and was dedi- cated Aug. 5, 1866. After worshiping some four years on Hummel Street the congregation repaired to their frame structure, known as " Calder Chapel," on the south side of Derry Street, costing, with the ground on which it stands, three thousand seven hundred dollars. On April 17, 1880, the church was disbanded. Third Free Baptist Church.— This church was organized on July 10, 1864, the Eev. Dr. James Cal- der and Mr. J. T. Bender constituting the council. The first pastor, Eev. C. J. Carter, was elected a few days after its organization, on July 27, 1864. A Eev. Mr. Cooper followed Mr. Carter as pastor, but how long these gentlemen respectively had charge of the church the records do not -state. On July 15, 1874, the Eev. Edward Bennett, a member of the church, was elected pastor, and continued in office one year till July, 1875. On July 15, 1875, the Eev. B. F. Fox, a graduate of Harper's Ferry, W. Va., ac- cepted the pastorate, which he retained for two years till Oct. 30, 1877. Then the Eev. William Lewis be- came pastor, though his term of office is not stated. On June 6, 1880, the Eev. J. W. Dungee, another graduate of Harper's Ferry, W. Va., was ordained pastor of this church. The present incumbent, Eev. E. J. Burrell, another graduate of Harper's Ferry, W. Va., accepted the pastorate June 20, 1881. The house of worship, on corner of William and Calder CITY OF HARRISBURG. 347 Streets, is the old Lutheran mission building pur- chased by the First Free Baptist Church of this city, and in which they used to worship while their present house was building. UNITED BRETHKEN IN CHRIST. Memoeial (U. B.) Church. — Several efforts were made by the denomination to plant the society in Harrisburg, and the records show that as far back as 1850 the United Brethren occupied, a small church on Front Street, which was regularly supplied by minis- ters from the Conference within whose bounds it was situated. From 1850 to 1853, Eev. D. O. Farrell was pastor ; from 1853 to 1854, Rev. J. S. Kessler ; from 1854 to 1856, Rev. J. L. Holmes ; from 1856 to 1857, Rev. D. Strickler; from 1857 to 1858, Rev. J. P. Bishop ; and from 1858 to 1859, Rev. I. Carpenter. The church property was iinally sold, and the or- ganization ceased to exist. In 1864 another effort was made to establish a church, but it was soon relin- quished. Three years later, at a session of the East Pennsylvania Conference, held in Columbia, it was resolved to renew the effort. A mission was formed, called the Harrisburg Mission Station, and Rev. W. 8. H. Keys appointed pastor. Little was done during the first year, but at the next session of Conference Rev. J. Erb was appointed to the work, and the organization of the present society was effected. It proceeded at once to devise ways and means to build a house of worship, and through the persistent efforts of the pastor and board of trustees the lot on which Me- morial Church now stands, at the corner of Boas Street and Myrtle Avenue, was purchased, and a neat frame building erected and dedicated. The pastors of the church have been : 1868-69, Rev. J. Erb; 1870-71, Rev. G. W. M. Rigor; 1872- 74, Rev. W. B. Evers; 1875, Rev. G. W. M. Rigor; 1876-77, Rev. J. W. Geiger; 1878-79, Rev. L. Peters; 1 880-88, Rev. I. Baltzell ; 1883, Rev. David W. Proffitt. Early in 1879 a number of the members, having become dissatisfied with the advance movements of the church, withdrew and were organized by the East German Conference of the United Brethren in Christ. In 1880 the congregation of Memorial Church determined to build a more commodious house of wor- ship for the accommodation of the rapidly-increasing congregation. By their united and untiring efforts they have completed a large two-story brick church, complete in all its departments, at a cost of about thirteen thousand dollars. The membership numbers two hundred and seventy-five. Plymouth Chapel, corner of Eleventh and Herr Streets, is owned and controlled by the First United Brethren Church, and is used for mission and Sun- day-school purposes. Ottebbein Church is a neat edifice, located on Reily Street, corner of Margaret. It was built in 1880 by former members of Memorial Church. The pastors have been : A. H. Graul, from 1880-82, and A. H. Rice, who came in the latter year. Calvary Church was situated on Regina Street near Fifteenth, but is no longer in existence. Its last pastor was Rev. Thomas Garland, in 1880-81. Ghaf Shalem (Hebrew) Congregation.— The Ghaf Shalem (Never-ending Peace) congregation was orgSiiized prior to 1858, when L. Bernhard was rabbi; A. Rapp, president; and Joseph Newman, treasurer. Its synagogue was then in the second story of the building on Third Street near Walnut Street. Its present synagogue, a substantial two- story structure, built as the first Methodist Church, is situated on Second Street, between South Street and Barbara Avenue. The last rabbi was Rev. L. Loewenberg. evangelical churches. Salem Church, located on North Street near Elder, is a one-story brick structure, erected in 1862; Before its construction the Evangelical Association had services by various preachers, among whom were Rev. Mr. Guhl and Rev. G. Marquart. The congre- gation was organized about 1853, and for some years worshiped in the lower story of the Sons of Tem- perance Hall,, corner of Second and South Streets. The church edifice was built under the auspices of Rev. Mr. Stetzell, whose successors were Revs. Deisher, Gingerich, B. F. Bohner, and Wieant. Since 1871 the pastors have been : 1871-73, Eev. Mr. Fehr; 1873-75, Rev. Mr. Lehr; 1875-76, Rev. Mr. Leabold; 1876-77, Rev. C. A. Miller; 1877-79, Rev. T. A. Blattenberger ; 1879, -Rev. Jacob Keller. Trinity Church was organized March 14, 1874, with fifty-six members, and grew out of Salem Church, whose services were conducted in the German lan- guage, whereas the services at Trinity are held in English. Its pastors have been : 1874^77, J. C. Hornberger ; 1877-80, J. A. Fegar; 1880-81, A. W. Warfel; 1881, William H. Rinek, the present incumbent. The church belongs to the East Pennsylvania Con- ference. The presiding elder in 1882 was J. K. Fehr. The church building, a frame structure, is located on Broad Street, corner of Fulton, Union United Church (Welsh), located on Race Street, near the Lochier Iron- Works, was erected in 1865. Its. congregation is large and steadily increasing. CHURCH OF GOD. Union Bethel. — The religious organization known as the Church of God was established in 1826-27 by Eev. John Winebrenner, formerly pas- tor of the First Reformed Church. In 1827 his fol- 348 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. lowers in Harrisburg, having formed a congregation, erected a neat brick edifice on Mulberry Street, be- tween Front and Second Streets. The building was forty by fifty-five feet with a basement story, and re- mained standing until the summer of 1858. In 1854 the congregation erected a church edifice of brick at the corner of Fourth Street and Strawberry Alley, FIBST BETHEL CHURCH BKECTED AT HARRISBURG. which it at present occupies. The lot on which the first edifice stood was afterwards occupied by the South Ward public school. The pastors of this church have been : 1827-33, John Winebrenner; 1838-34, Daniel Win ters; 1834^35, David Crall ; 1836-38, Edward West 1838-39, David Kyle, J. Dobson ; 1839, William Mil ler; 1840-41, John Winebrenner; 1841-43, E. H Thomas ; 1843-45, George McCartney ; 1845-46, Jo- seph H. Bamberger; 1846^8, William. McFadden 1848^9, Jacob Flake; 1849-50, George U. Harn 1850-51, William Mooney ; 1851-52, J. H. Hurley 1852-54, William McFadden ; 1854-55, James Mac- key ; 1856-58, James Calder; 1858-59, William Mooney; 1859-64, A. X. Shoemaker; 1864-66, D. A. L. Laverty; 1866-68, 0. H. Forney, J. C. Owens; 1867-67, C. H. Forney; 1868-70, J. C. Owens ; 1870- 71, W. O. Owen; 1871-74, D. A. L. Laverty, A. H. Long; 1874^76, C. Price; 1876-78, B. F. Beck; 1878- 81, George Sigler; 1881, C. Price. All Wokkers' Bethel.— In 1869 a mission and Sunday-school were established by the Union Bethel at the corner of Broad and Second Streets. Henry . C. Demming was superintendent of the school. In the spring of 1861, George Tousling secured ground and erected the church edifice on the Two-and-a-half Street corner of Calder. The three principal founders of this, church were George Yousling, Henry C. Demming, and Michael Forney, who each gave seven hundred dollars or more to erect the church building. Mrs. Barbara McFadden was the principal lady engaged in the mission-work which led to the organization of the congregation on March 16, 1874, with twelve persons, increased in a week to twenty-six. The church, for three years called a chapel, was dedicated May 21, 1871. It was erected under the auspices of Eev. D. A. L. Laverty, then pastor of Union Bethel, who preached in it in 1871 and 1872, and in connection with Kev. A. H. Long in 1873.' Its pastors since the formal organization in 1874 have been : 1874-77, Jeremiah Cooper ; 1877-78, J. Haiffleigh; 1878-81, G. W. Seilhamer; 1881-83, D: A. L. Laverty ; 1883, Thoinas Neal, Jr. Nagle Street Bethel is located on Hanna, near Race Street. The congregation is an outgrowth of Union Bethel and All Workers' Church. It had its origin in the Sunday-school held by Henry 0. Demming, as superintendent, in the house of B. F. Bear, No. 231 Paxtang Street, which was opened Aug. 20, 1871. A lot forty by sixty feet was secured by Isaac Frazer and Henry C. Demming, on which the church building, thirty-four by fifty-seven feet, was erected. The church was dedicated Feb. 7, 1875. The congregation was organized by Eev. D. A. L. Laverty in March, 1875. Its pastors have been : 1876-77, J. C. Seabrooks; 1877-79, J. Esterline; 1879-81, J. M. Speese; 1881-83, J. T. Fliegel; 1883, William Sanborn. Both this and All Workers' Church were organized mainly through the zealous labors of Eev. D. A. L. Laverty and Henry C. Demming. AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION CHURCH. The title was chosen in 1816 by Eev. Eichard Allen and his associates in Philadelphia, when what is known as the " Bethel" connection was first formed, and in order to make the proper distinction and to avoid controversy the word "Zion" (from the first church established) was subsequently made a part of the title of the first-named connection. From this time every year the African Methodist Episcopal Zion held its two Annual Conferences in New York and Philadelphia. In the mean time, Eev. Christo- pher Eush, born in North Carolina, but a resident of New York City from 1798, had been elected a superin- tendent,^ and the connection in Pennsylvania had grown to extensive proportions, so that in 1830, when the Philadelphia Conference met in Philadelphia, the churches represented were Philadelphia, membership, 382; Altleborough, 27; New Market, 15; Shippens- burg, 17; Chambersbiirg, 72; York, 40; Swatara or Middletown, 40 ; Eeed's Gap, 9 ; Lewistown, 36 • CITY OF HAKRI8BUKG. 349 Bellefonte, 27; Jersey Shore, 17; Williamsport, 14; Huntingdon, 31 ; and (for the first time) Harrisburg, 115 ; making in Pennsylvania 841 members. The Wesley Union Church, containing then one- seventh of the whole State membership, was organ- ized on the 20th of August, 1829, by Elder Jacob D. Richardson, Deacon David Stevens, and a brother named Dorsey. Rev. Richardson's home was York, Pa., but he reilioved to Harrisburg. The organiza- tion took place in a log building at the corner of Third and Mulberry Streets. At this Conference in 1830, Rev. David Stevens, of Harrisburg, who lately deceased, was ordained an elder and appointed to the charge of what was then styled the Harrisburg Circuit, composed of New Mar- ket, Chambersburg, Shippensburg, York, Swatara or Middletown, and Harrisburg. Under Elder Stevens were Deacon David H. Crosby, Deacon Samuel John- son, and Preacher George Galbraith, who, though he afterwards became superintendent of the connection, was that year admitted only as a preacher on trial. His widow is still living in Harrisburg, an honored representative of the good man who so long and so faithfully served the church. The ministers in charge of Wesley Union Church, following Rev. David Stevens in the log building, were Jacob D. Richardson, George Galbraith, Thomas Jones, and others whose names we have not been able to secure. In the mean time the old log church was enlarged, being lengthened sixteeu feet, under the immediate direction of Rev. Jacob D. Richard- son and Rev. David Stevens. In order to eke out his salary and at the same time afford opportunity to the colored children to secure the blessings of education. Rev. Jacob D. Richardson opened in the old log church (Third Street) a day-school, the compensation for which was paid by the commissioners of Dauphin County, Messrs., Archibald Orme, John Imshoffstall, and Abraham Bombaugh; but in November, 1832, they informed the teacher that " in future the colored children under his tuition shall be taught in the Lan- casterian school [Walnut opposite Short Street], as the law directs, and that the commis.sioners will here- after allow him no compensation for teaching said children." It is an interesting fact that the colored children were removed to the Lancasterian school. One of "the boys," Joseph B. Popel, one of the sanitary officers of the city, is yet living. This was evidently subsequent to the time when the Wesley Union Church had been made a "station" or en- titled to the services of a resident pastor. This con- gregation increased in members, and realized that they must remove their church property farther up in the city, more readily to meet the convenience of the membership. After considerable delay a lot was purchased from the Forster estate at the corner of Short and South Streets, and including Tanner's Alley, and a small, plain brick edifice was erected at the junction of Tanner's Alley and South Street, facing on Tanner's Alley. This building was a great improveiHent upon the old log church, which had outlived its day. Into the new building the congre- gation removed on Sunday, Nov. 24, 1839. The pas- tor in charge at this time was Rev. David Stevens, the first and last in the old church and the first in the new, and there were present to take part in the interesting dedicatory services the first elder set apart in Pennsylvania and one of the founders of the Afri- can Methodist Episcopal Zion connection in this State, Rev. Edward Johnson, of Philadelphia, Rev. Jacob D. Richardson, and others. Here, with vary- ing success, this congregation worshiped until 1860. The needs of the increasing population and their better circumstances forced upon them at this time the propriety of enlarging the house of worship or of entirely rebuilding. This latter was determined upon in view of the fact that the church lot was ca- pacious enough for any needed church improvement. The war of the Rebellion breaking out in 1861, it was impossible then to carry out the idea; but in 1862 the present brick edifice was completed, facing, not as formerly, on the alley, but on South Street. In the interval of building, the congregation wor- shiped in the hall. Tanner's Alley. The first pastor in " the little church around the corner" was Rev. David Stevens ; the first in the new edifice, Rev. Abram Cole. CHAPTER XI. The Newspaper Press of Harrisburg, and of the County. Foe the greater portion of the following we are in- debted to our friend, A. Boyd Hamilton, Esq. The story of the newspaper press of this locality is very interesting. There are no files of the first newspaper, and our entire knowledge consists in the fact that it is stated in the Oracle of Dauphin in 1807, when noting the death of Maj. Lewis, and in the Chronicle, in 1827, when referring to the authorship of the ballad on " St. Clair's Defeat," that the first newspaper ven- ture at Harrisburg was by Eli Lewis. This was prob- ably named The Harrisburg Advertiser, as that seems to have been the second title of the paper which suc- ceeded it, which was The Oracle of Dauphin and Har- risburg Advertiser, the first number being issued Oct. 20, 1792, by John W. Allen and John Wyeth, con- tinued by Wyeth and by John, Jr., then by Francis Wyeth for about forty years, up to the days of anti- Masonry. It is a valuable reference for most local events, but in many of its earliest years its notices of current or rather domestic news are far between. Partial files of it exist in bound form in the family of Mr. Wyeth ; some have been destroyed in a fire which consumed the father's house and store at the corner of Market Square and Street many years ago. Early volumes are in the State Library collection. 350 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. The first issue of the paper was made from a house "adjoining the register's office, Harrisburg." That office was then at the northwest corner of Second and Walnut Streets, " near Bombach^s tavern." The printers soon removed to " Mulberry Steet, opposite the residence of Adam Boyd, Esq., near the bank," where the post-office was also kept ; then to the northeast corner of the Market Square and Market Street, where it was published as long as it survived. When this paper was cotnmenced the territory of Dauphin County included all of the present Lebanon, up to the year 1813. Ii was edited with great prudence, and without any attempt at brilliancy. Messrs. Allen & Wyett had a well-furnished print- ing-office of English and German type, and printed and published before 1803, neatly bound, price three shillings, " Reflections on Courtship and Marriage, in Two Letters to a Friend." This work is in clean print, on dark paper, from excellent type, with the addi- tional recommendation to a bibliopolist of careful proof-reading and ink of a character far superior to that of the present day. Binney & Ronaldson cast the type. Die Unpartdische Harrisburgh [Morgenrothe) Zeit- ung was the imposing title of the first German news- paper published in Dauphin County. Its initial issue was March 1, 1794, its printers Benjamin Mayer and Conrad Fahne^tock, its politics Democratic, and for a number of years its proprietors were the leading poli- ticians of the county; the subscription price one dollar a year, single copies " ein cent," perhaps the very first penny paper in the United States. It was continued by Benjamin Mayer as Die Morgenrothe until 1811. Mr. Mayer resided in a house on the southeast corner of Chestnut Street and Dewberry Alley, where the paper was printed. It aflTorded a handsome living to its owners for several years, but, as tradition has it, they, like all politicians of that day, expended the income a shade more rapidly than they ruade it, and so came to grief in a pecuniary way. The senior partner died a poor man. Mr. Fahne- stock removed from Harrisburg to Middletown, where he engaged in merchandising and there died. In 1811, John S. Wiestling, who had been taught his trade in the office, purchased the establishment. Soon after he had associated with him Christian Gleim, " a young man from Lebanonfowra." They carried on the business several years. Mr. Gleim was afterwards sheriff of this county, while Mr. Wiestling ended his career as an iron manufacturer. Files of the earlier years of this paper are in the possession of the State Library and Dr. Egle, subsequent years John L. Lingle and Gen. Cameron. It is probable the later volumes are in the possession of some of the descendants of the various editors. The regular publication ended about 1838, making its age quite forty years. The Farmers' Instructor and Harrisburg Courant, published by Benjamin Mayer, was issued Jan. 2, 1800, first a folio, then in quarto, and, so far as we have been able to discover, copies of it treated every other subject at large except agriculture. Its original - effusions were very brief and do not exhibit shining ability. Mr. John L. Lingle has a complete file ot this paper in excellent preservation. There are a few numbers of it in the collection of the Dauphin County Historical Society. The Dauphin Guardian, " from the press of Jacob Elder, in Second Street, next door to the sign of the Seven Stars," commenced in June, 1805, and con- tinued for five or six years. Mr. Elder was one of the numerous grandsons of the Rev. John Elder, of Pax- tang. The files, so far as preserved, give greater attention to local occurrences than its cotemporaries, at present a most important and interesting depart- ment of editorial labor. Several volumes of the Ouardian are in the State Library, and also in the possession of Dr. Egle. Mr. Elder died at a compar- atively early age about 1816. His paper was merged in the Republican in 1811. . The Times, "printed by David Wright," issued Sept. 21, 1807. Perfect copies of it to the time of its discontinuance, in 1810, are in the State Library. It was soon after removed to and issued at Lancaster, the then seat of government. Its editor was Hugh Hamilton, then a young lawyer just admitted to the bar of Dauphin County, and he continued his edito- rial labors for nearly thirty years after this time. The Harrisburg Republican was issued by James Peacock in 1811, and published by him for ten or twelve years, when Mr. Peacock was appointed post- master. The paper then passed into other hands, subsequently merged into the Intelligencer. If a com- plete file of it exists, it is in the collection of Gibson Peacock, of Philadelphia. The senior Peacock pub- lished his paper when the politics of Pennsylvania partook of whatever element of savageness was neO' essary to make it exciting and an editor's life uncom- fortable. He survived it all, and to a good old age, departing this life in the esteem of his fellow- citizens, regretted by the very large circle who had partaken of his liberal hospitality and enjoyed the pleasure of his conversation. The Republican was a continuance of the Ouardian, Mr. Peacock having purchased that paper and its good will, by the aid of John Downey and Jacob Boas, both men of importance in the then village. As it came out in subsequent political squab- bles, Downey and Boas became irreconcilable enemies on account of a personal quarrel of the latter with Gloninger, of Lebanon, a standard friend of Downey. Governor Snyder having married the sister of Mr. Peacock's wife, was always ready to sustain his friend and relative, and the Republican was soon looked upon as the organ of Snyder and his cabinet. Yet the editor, praetical printer as he was, at last became quite as important a factor in the political and social life of Pennsylvania as those who " patronized" him in his early years. He deserved to be, for he was a courteous and upright gentleman. CITY OF HARRISBURG. 351 The Chronicle or Harrisburg Visitor, first issued May 8, 1813, "by William Gillmor, next door to Dr. Agnew's, and one door from the post-oflBce, on Walnut Street." In 1815, Hugh Hamilton came in as partner and its editor. In 1820, Mr. Gillmor retired, and Hugh Mcllwaine took his place. Soon the whole establish- ment came into the hands of Mr. Hamilton, and it was continued under his control and that of his son, A. Boyd Hamilton, until 1836, when it passed by pur- chase to Jesse E. Burden, Charles B. Penrose, and Nicholas Biddle, and Mr. Guyer became the editor. It was continued with varying success until 1842, when its publication ceased. Capt. Mcllwaine was a pupil of William Duane, a carefully-trained workman and rigid instructor, as the late Chief Justice James Thompson would testify if he were alive. The tech- nical lessons he received under Mcllwaine on the Chronicle, after his imperfect training in a Western printing-office, he always said, " were the making of him," greatly assisting him in that system of detail which made him a " figure in the State." Mcllwaine was a sergeant in Walker's company in its march to Baltimore, and was noted for the manner and care with which he performed his duties. It was the first paper to report " legislative proceedings" with full- ness at the seat of government, and to give to its readers semi-weekly editions during the sessions of the General Assembly. A complete file of it is in the State Library. It was the organ of Governor Hiester and his cabinet as much as the Republican had been that of Snyder and his friends. Much of the corre- spondence respecting the course proper to be pursued by Governor Hiester is preserved. It shows how much anxiety was felt about it, and also that the po- litical history of 1819-20 resembles that of to-day, reticence being the distinguishing feature. Decisions were not announced then before they were published. The Commonwealth, by John McFarland and Wil- liam Greer, commenced in 1818, printed at Third and State Streets, and continued without success for four or five years. No file of it is known to be in exist- ence. The Pennsylvania Intelligencer, Dec. 5, 1820, by Charles Mowry. In 1822, Simon Cameron came in as partner; in a few years Cameron and David Krause, then John 8. Wiestling, then McCurdy, Elliott, and many others until about 1838. The family of Mr. Mowry should have a set of the paper, Mr. Cameron also up to the time he ceased to be connected with it. There are several volumes in the State Library. This newspaper had its existence in a lively political season. Its original editor and some of his successors were masters of trenchant pens, of which they made warlike use, and many a man about Harrisburg will detail the lively expectation with which the weekly issues of this and its antago- nist, the Chronicle, were looked for by their sub- scribers. When the political complications arose re- specting a successor to Mr. Monroe, that portion of political opinion which had been led by the Intelli- gencer refused to follow. Then Gen. Cameron with happy fortune sold to Judge Krause, who carried on a stout contest with the Jacksonians until 1828. Samuel C. Stambaugh, printing the I¥ee Press at Lancaster, which he had commenced in 1818, then came upon the exciting scene. The Press had shown his ability, notwithstanding its careless make-up, and soon took rank as one of the brightest, most reckless _and successful of newspapers. Stambaugh was an energetic, hard-headed, positive sort of man. He issued proposals for a new paper, to be called The Pennsylvania Reporter, at the same time offering to buy out the Intelligencer. It was accepted, and its career ceased, but only for a short time, for as soon as Governor Shulze and the men about him could pre- pare it was reissued by John S. Wiestling. He thus became the owner of the two leading newspapers, English and German. He had a " gay and festive" following, a liberal support, was on the road to fortune, when he was tempted to "sell out to David Krause and George P. Wiestling." Mr. Wiestling was an enterprising gentleman and respected citizen. For a long while he had his office in Second Street above Locust, now Dr. DeWitt's; then in Market Street, north side, near River Alley ; then opposite the court- house, now Mr. Gilbert's. The career of the Intelli- gencer finished under the management of Mr. Colin McCurdy. Der Unabhaengige Beobachter, a German weekly, commenced by William White & Co., May 22, 1822. It was continued for eight or ten years with varying success, under several able editors, among others the Eev. Dr. E. W. Hutter. Of all its numerous editors Capt. Jacob Babb alone survives. It was commenced as the German organ of Governor Hiester's friends, and was a trusted organ in Jacksonian days. The American Patriot was issued in 1812 and 1818, with Alexander Hamilton as editor. We have never met with but one copy of this venture. Its life was nearly two years. The Ladies' Souvenir, by George E. Ludwig, issued July 21, 1827. It was published for about six months, a pleasant and cheerful quarto, but politics was then the absorbing theme, and its proprietor was wise enough to retire in time. A complete file of this paper is in the collection of A. Boyd Hamilton. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Journal, by John S. Wiestling, issued Aug. 12, 1827, and continued to Dec. 15, 1827,' when it merged in the Intelligencer, with the title Pennsylvania Intelligencer and Farmers' and Mechanics' Journal. The Pennsylvanian, by Christian Gleim, in 1824. This paper had a short life. No file of it is known to exist. The Christian Monitor, a weekly religious paper, by John M. Keagy, M.D., in January, 1826. Only one or two numbers were issued, so far as can be ascer- tained. 352 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. The Harruburg Argus, of 1827, was published by Francis Wyeth. Some fifteen years after this another Argus was published by Valentine Best, senator from Columbia County in the State Legislature. A file of this paper nearly perfect is known. Its career was brief. Pennsylvania Statesman, by John McCord, in May, 1828. This paper had entered upon its fourth year when, as narrated subsequently, it was merged into the Telegraph. A file is in the possession of Dr. Egle. Mr. McCord had formerly edited the Elkton, Md.,' Press. The Pennsylvania Telegraph was started by Theophi- lus Fenn in September, 1831. The following ex- tracts from a letter of the founder will be of interest, and inform the curious how the paper came to be issued by Mr. Fenn fifty years ago : " In the winter of 1831, when I was living at Lan- caster and publishing the Herald, which I had estab- lished in 1828, I received numerous letters from gen- tlemen of influence in many parts of the State urging me to establish a paper at Harrisburg, saying that without an organ at the seat of government, to advo- cate the principles that! supported, the party could not become organized over the State. I was opposed to the undertaking, as I had succeeded in securing a large circulation for my paper and a large jobbing patronage, with my party also largely in the majority. My business being prosperous and promising, I per- emptorily declined and urged that some one else be selected. . . . I sold my establishment in April, 1831. I soon after issued my^prospectus for the Pennsylvania Telegraph, which I purposed to commence in the fol- lowing fall, before the meeting of the Legislature in December. I also visited Harrisburg about the close of the session of the Legislature, and while there was called upon by John McCord, who proposed to sell me the Statesman, a newspaper which he had started there a year or 'two before ; but I declined to pur- chase. ... I closed with Mr. McCord by paying him three thousand dollars down for the Statesman and seven hundred dollars to continue its publication under his own name and editorship until I should take possession of the oflBce in September following, thus giving me time to settle up my business at Lan- caster. As arranged, I came to Harrisburg in Sep- tember and took possession of the ofl5ce of the States- man. ... I issued thB first number of the Telegraph in September, 1831. Neither Mr. McCord nor any other person but myself wrote one line of that num- ber, nor did he ever write a, line for the paper while I conducted it, which was until November, 1853, when it was sold to John J. Patterson. ... I found less than three hundred regular subscribers to the States- man. But being encouraged by the large receipt of subscribers over the State and the letters from politi- cal friends, I pocketed the disappointment and tossed the loss behind me and went ahead, well knowing the unrelenting hostility and desperate encounter that was before me. I spent twenty-two years of un- paid toil, the prime of, my life, in conducting the Telegraph, and made every sacrifice in my power to build up the party, without receiving the benefit of office or even the acknowledgment of those who ob- tained the ' loaves and fishes' that were due for my services." As stated, Mr. Fenn sold to John J. Patterson, who had a short time previous purchased the Whig State Journal of John J. Clyde, the Telegraph of course absorbing the latter newspaper. A few months after Mr. Patterson sold one-third of the establishment to Stephen Miller and another one-third to John J. Clyde. The year following Patterson sold the re- maining interest to Mr. Miller and retired from the editorial arena. In 1 856, prior to the opening of the Presidential campaign, Messrs. Miller and Clyde sold the establishment to Alexander K. McClure and James M. Sellers. The former had just retired from the Juniata Sentinel, the Telegraph afibrding a wider political field for his trenchant pen. In 1S57 the paper passed into the hands of the late George Berg- ner, and became a financial success. From the death of Mr. Bergner until the present year his son, Charles H. Bergner, has had complete control of the estab- lishment. It is now owned and managed by the Harrisburg Telegraph Company. Many of the sets of its files were destroyed in a fire some years ago. The State Library has as nearly a perfect file as can be found ; indeed, it is very nearly complete. Vaterlands Waechter, commenced in 1829 by Joseph Miller, was purchased by Samuel Kling in 1832, and at his death, June 5, 1836, passed into the hands of Joseph Ehren fried, of Lancaster, with whom Mr. Kling had learned the art of printing, and subse- quently to the control of the late George Bergner, who continued its publication until his death. Un- der the same name it was continued by Frederick 0. A. SchefTer, who in 1876 changed it to the Dauphin County Journal. Since Mr. Scheffer's death the news- paper has been published by Dr. J. R. Hayes. The Gospel Publisher, the organ of the "Church of God," was issued under the auspices of this religious body June 6, 1835, edited by the Eev. John Wine- brenner. Afterwards it had many editors, — Messrs. Weishampel, McCartney, Mackey, etc. According to the history of this paper, by the late Dr. George Ross, of Lebanon, the money loss to the church in the first decade of its existence was nearly five thousand dol- lars. It was discontinued for some years, but subse- quently revived, and under its change of name, The Church Advocate, has been a finaucial success. We believe a complete file is in possession of the family of Dr. Ross, in Lebanon. The Republican and Anti-Masonic Inquirer was com- menced in 1833 by Francis Wyeth, former editor of the Oracle. It was continued to a fourth volume, when its publication ceased. It had a considerable circulation in Dauphin, Lebanon, and Cumberland CITY OF HARRISBUKG. 353 Counties. I do not know of any complete set of its issues. Its editors, private and public, were Samuel Shoch, George W. Harris, and Francis Wyeth, assisted by a knot of young lawyers with more brains than business. They made a bright paper of it ; but no amount of capacity could render permanent a publi- cation founded upon so narrow a plank as opposition to secret societies ; in particular that of Masonry, em- bracing as it did then and now nearly the whole body of public men and professional politicians. Iron Orey, by John H. Cox, in 1838. A file exists. The Plough Boy, by Eutter, in 1838. No file known. Pennsylvania Bulletin, in 1839, by Shunk & Weidler. This was a short-lived publication, a partial iile of which is known. Der Stats Bothe, by Edwin W. Hutter and Samuel S. Bigler, in 1839. It is presumed that full files of this paper exist. The Magician, by E. W. Hutter and J. J. Cantine, in 1839, a file of which has probably not been pre- served. Log Cabin Rifle, by Henry Montgomery, a cam- paign paper, 1840, in favor of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too." The Yeoman, by E. W. Hutter and S. S. Bigler, in 1841. A file of this paper is known. The Watchman, by James S. Wallace, in 1841. No file known. The Signal, John S. Steck, in 1841. No file known. Harrisburg Argus, by Valentine Best, in 184S. A file known. The Commonwealth', by William Lewis, in 1843. No file. The Penny Advocate, by Cherrick Westbrook, in 1843. The first number was issued July 15, 1848, from "No. 68 Market Street, basement story." It was a small quarto and published every Wednesday and Saturday evening, at one dollar and fifty cents a year. The terms of advertising was " a penny a line for each insertion." The Advertiser reached twenty- two numbers, a file of which is in the possession of Mr. Westbrook. The year 1843 was prolific of new enterprises, as the Oracle and all its successors, save one or two, had ceased to be published. The Champion, a campaign paper of 1844, pub- lished by Augustus Sprigman. It was conducted with remarkable vigor in favor of Shunk as against Muhlenberg. Whig Bugle, by Colin McCurdy, a campaign paper in favor of Gen. Taylor for President, 1848. Crystal Fountain, m 1856, by John J. -Clyde. The organ of the then great temperance movement in the State. It was continued for several years. The American was established by John J. Clyde in 1856 in connection with his daily newspaper,— 7%e Herald. The rise and progress, the generation and succes- 23 sion of the Pennsylvania Reporter embraces so much that an endeavor to combine its history from 1827 to the present has been made. It was issued in a time of great political excitement, November, 1827, by Samuel C. Stambaugh, and in its history is the story of many other ventures. It has been continued by a crowd of able editors. The whole is now merged in the Patriot, published by a company, and of necessity without a "fighting editor," as was always the case before 1856. About that period editors began to be impersonal. In the good old times courageous per- sonality, not ability, often made a popular newspaper editor. Mr. William D. Boas gives us the following mem- oranda : " November, 1827. The Pennsylvania Intelligencer was purchased and suspended. Samuel C. Stam- baugh then established the Pennsylvania Reporter and Democratic Herald. " March, 1829. Mr. Simon Cameron, who was a silent partner of Mr. Stambaugh up to that time, withdrew from the paper, and Stambaugh formed a connection with Mr. Henry Welsh, at that time one of the editors of the York Gazette, and Hon. Jesse Miller, of the State Senate. The paper was after- wards published under the firm of Stambaugh, Welsh &Co. " In 1829, Mr. Stambaugh withdrew from the paper, which was afterwards published by Henry Welsh and Jesse Miller, under the firm of Welsh & Miller. " December, 1830. Jesse Miller withdrew from the paper, leaving Mr. Welsh sole proprietor and editor. " May, 1834. Henry Welsh formed a partnership with Samuel D. Patterson, who afterwards published the paper under the firm of Welsh & Patterson, and added to the title Democratic Herald." The Reporter was greatly enlarged and improved in December of this year, and continued to be edited with vigor and success. In the following spring Mr. Welsh disposed of his interest to his brother-in-law, Mr. David Small. It is unnecessary to write that both retired in comfortable circumstances. The Democratic State Journal was started March 28, 1832, by Geo. W. Crabb & 0. Barrett,— " office near the south end of the court-house." It had a brief but stormy existence, and in the number for Jan. 12, 1836, Crabb bows himself out, and the paper was consolidated with the Pennsylvania Reporter, David Small of the latter also retiring. As The Re- porter and State Journal it was published by Patterson & Barrett. On the 1st of June following, in a three- line paragraph, Mr. Barrett informs the patrons of his paper that his connection with it terminated. Mr. Patterson remained sole publisher until Sept. 1, 1837, when William D. Boas purchased an interest in the establishment, and a month later the whole con- cern passed into his hands. -Thomas L. Wilson, of Philadelphia, was editor. In April, 1838, William 354 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. F. Coplin, senator from Fayette County, entered into partnership with Boas, the iirm retaining the editorial services of Wilson. March 6, 1840, Coplan retired. For over a year Boas battled alone ; but, as the edi- torial of May 4, 1841, expresses it, " Samuel D. Pat- terson has returned to the arduous task of helping to conduct it as an independent, faithful, and zealous exponent of Democracy.'' April 29, 1842, Mr. Boas takes his leave of the Reporter and retires from the editorial field, Patterson remaining until October following, when John H. Dimock, of Susquehanna County, now of Chicago, purchased the establish- ment, who, in a whole column leader, takes occasion to advocate the claims of Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency. The last number issued was June 2, 1843. It was merged in the new arrangement. Two years after the name was assumed by Isaac R. Diller, to which we shall again refer. Almost a complete file is possessed by the State Library. The Keystone, started in August, 1836, by William F. Packer, afterwards Governor of the State, O. Bar- rett, and Benjamin Parke. The senior member re- mained until February, 1840, when he disposed of his interest to Barrett & Parke, "the arduous duties ap- pertaining to the office of canal commissioner" com- pelliug him to relinquish it. Ovid F. Johnson edited this paper with great vigor. In April, 1841, James Peacock and Isaac G. McKinley purchased the establishment. Mr. Peacock, in October follow- ing, sold his interest to Joseph M. G. Lescure, of Philadelphia. Messrs. McKinley aud Lescure con- tinued its publication until the union of the three Democratic papers on June 7, 1843. In 1848, Mr. Barrett commenced a newspaper with the old title of Keystone, which continued for several years. The complete files of this, with other of Mr. Barrett's newspaper ventures, were destroyed in the burning of a frame building corner of Fourth Street and Cherry Alley, where they had been stored, with the exception of some, volumes which are in the pos- session of the State Library. The Home Journal and Citizen Soldier is the title of the paper printed by Isaac R. Diller in 1843. In August, 1845, the name was changed to The Pennsyl- vania Reporter and Home Journal. It was published a short time. It caused quite a sensation by prinRng in its columns a local story founded on the Parthe- more murder, by that strange erratic genius George Lippard. It was entitled, " Posy, or the Pjlgrimage of St. George." State Capital Gazette, by William Henlock and John B. Bratton, now of Carlisle, commenced July, 1839, and continued until June, 1843, when it ceased for the purpose of uniting with the Pennsylvania Reporter and Keystone, under the title of the t)emocratic Union. A file is in the State Library. _ It was undoubtedly in the front ranks of the so-called country newspapers. It was ably edited, noat in typographical appearance and make-up. This was succeeded by the Union and Patriot, in the hands of George M. Lauman, then came Richard J. Haldeman, Christopher L. Ward, William H. Miller, John W. Brown, Thomas C. Mac- dowell, O. Barrett, Benjamin F. Meyers, and other prominent editors, politicians or men of fortune. That the present Patriot might " shed its beams upon a darkened world," it was necessary to swallow some fifteen ventures, a manifest proof of the enter- prise of the printers and young lawyers of Pennsyl- vania, who supposed the newspaper route was the exact and rapid way to fame and station. Harrisburg Star, by William J. Sloan, about 1830. It was not a very creditable sheet in its typography, as the editor was a mere lad, not much of a printer, but with so much ability in another direction that came to be an able departmental surgeon in the United States army. One or two of its issues have been pre- served, but no complete file, except perhaps among the effects of its " responsible editor." Whig State Journal, issued in 1850 by John J. Clyde. Sold to John J. Patterson, who subsequently pur- chased the Telegraph, into which this paper was merged. For many years one or two of the weekly papers issued semi-weekly, and one, a daily, during the ses- sions of the Legislature ; but no venture was made for the permanent establishment thereof until late in 1850. The Harrisburg Daily American was commenced Dec. 26, 1850, by George Bergner & Co. Subse- quently it became a part of the Harrisburg Telegraph. It was established as a Whig organ. In the course of time its opposition to the Know-Nothing organization was very decided. A file for several years is in the collection of the State Library. The Daily Times, 1853, was a venture of William H. Egle and Theodore F. Scheffer, at. the suggestion of a number of prominent citizens. The Morning Herald, by John J. Clyde & Co., was issued the same year. The borough not being able to support three daily papers, the Times was merged into the Herald. The latter paper was shortly after absorbed, or rather continued by the Daily Telegraph. It may be re- marked that the Telegraph has absorbed almost as many newspaper ventures as its contemporary, the Patriot, and its editors were of the picked men of their political party. The Daily Borough Item, by George P. Crap & Louis Blanche. It commenced in 1852, a small penny paper, not very prepossessing in appearance, but gave a good r'esumli of local events, and a file of it would be useful for reference. We do not think there is one in existence. On account of its frequent per- sonalities, it failed to receive the general support of the community. Daily Herald, by Stephen Miller & Co., commenced Dec. 23, 1853, and after and up to 1858 in the hands of Royal, McReynolds & Whitman, was at last merged in the Harrisburg Telegraph. Mr. Miller was CITY OF HARRI8BURG. 35& at the time the paper commenced prothohotary of Dauphin County, afterwards Governor of Minnesota. A file of this paper is in the State Library. The Platform, in 1854, a campaign paper of large circulation, by A. Boyd Hamilton, edited by a full dozen of the friends of Governor Bigler. We do not know where a copy of this publication is to be found. It was the first newspaper that thoroughly carried out the plan of payment in advance. Very many thou- sands of copies were ordered, but as the cash did not cover the order, the paper was not forwarded, and its circulation was limited to those who did pay, about fifteen thousand. The Harrisburg Daily Record was issued by Henry Omit & Co., Jan. 3, 1854, edited by George F. Emer- son. We have not been able to learn whether any file of this paper exists, although some of the company who established it are yet alive. The Pennsylvania Statesman, established as a cam- paign paper in 1860, by J. M. Cooper. It advocated the election of John C. Breckinridge for President. It was a lively sheet. Tlie State Ouard, a daily, published by Forney & Kauflman, commenced about 1866, and continued for several years. Some of its issues contain facts of per- manent value, and it is to be hoped a full set of this paper has been preserved. The State Journal, a daily, published by the State Journal Company, was begun in October, 1870, and continued until November, 1873, when the office was destroyed. Its chief editor was Wein Forney, and was just being established on a paying basis when it met its fate by the burning of Mr. Singerly's printing- office. The Visitor, a religious paper, in 1824, by Michael W. McKinley. One or two numbers of its issue satis- fied its editor and publisher. The Mercury was a daily paper of 1875, by the Mer- cury Company. The Dawn, a weekly of the same year, by J. Trainor King. The Temperance Vindicator, by Geo. F. McFarland. The Saroll- Keeper. The National Progress. The Harrisburg Chronicle, by Thomas C. MacDow- ell. These three newspapers were unsuccessful ven- tures, and had a very brief existence. The Stars and Stripes, Buchanan and Breckinridge campaign paper, 1856, by George F. Weaver, Sr. The newspapers published in Dauphin County at present (1883) are : ■ Daii,Y.— Harrisburg Telegraph, by the Harrisburg Publishing Company. Twenty-sixth year. The Harrisburg Patriot, by. Patriot Publishing Company. Twenty-fourth year. The Daily Independent, by E. Z. Wallower. Sixth year. Weekly.- Eighth year, -The Item, Steelton, by J. A. Work. The Middletown Journal, by J. W. Stofer. Twenty- eighth year. The Middletown Press, by I. 0. Nissley. Second year. The Hiimmelstown Sun, by W. E. Hendricks. Ninth year. The Millersburg Herald, by J. B. Seal. Eighth year. Lykens Register, by Samuel M. Fenn. Seventeenth year. Dauphin County Journal (German), Harrisburg, by Dr. J. R. Hayes. Sixth year. Harrisburg Saturday Night, by Dr. J. R. Hayes. Fourth year. Pennsylvania Staats Zeitung, Harrisburg, by the executrix of John G. Ripper, deceased, W. Strobel, editor. Sixteenth year. Church Advocate, Harrisburg, edited by Rev. C. H. Forney, D.D. Steelton Reporter, by W. H. H. Sieg. First year. The Sunday Morning Telegram, published every Sunday inorning by the Telegram Company, Harris- burg, in its first year, thus far has been a successful enterprise. John Moore, editor. In addition to the foregoing are the following pe- riodicals, issued monthly or semi-monthly : The Conference News, organ of the Central Pennsyl- vania Methodist Conference, by Rev. W. M. Fry- singer. The Lutheran Chimes, published by Zion Lutheran (Fourth Street) Church. Church and Home, published by Market Square Presbyterian Church. Odd-Fellows' Gazette, by T. Morris Chester. People's Friend, organ of the local temperance movement. Bulletin, organ of the Y. M. C. Association. The Itinerant, by A. L. Groff, organ of the U. B. Church. Seventh year. CHAPTER XIL The IndustrieB of Harrisburg — The Location of the City and its Great Natural and Acquired Advantages. With its many advantages, its close proximity to the iron and coal fields, its water supply, its transpor- tation facilities, its markets unexcelled in the variety and abundance of fruit, vegetables, meats, fowl, fish, and butter and eggs, Harrisburg should be a notable manufacturing centre. At present it lies across the pathway of one of the great transportation lines which binds the East to the West, while the future promises to give it another great trunk line, binding the North, South, East and West. This is no idle prophecy, for as we look at this country and its capa- bilities we see that latitudinally there is a sameness of products, differing only in degree, whilst longitu- dinally the difference is in kind. This being a fact it 356 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. naturally follows that as the country fills up with population the interchange of commodities will in- crease in like proportion. The North will always need the products of the South, while the South, under the operation of climatic influences, cannot advance in manufacturing, and will always need the manufactures of the North. The day is not far dis- tant when the great trunk lines of transportation will traverse the land in all directions, and when it ar- rives Harrisburg, lying right across the pathway of the national route from Boston and New York in the North to New' Orleans and the Gulf in the South, will be as important a centre in that direction as it is now with the inter-commerce of the country traversing the land from east to west. This locality is well off for furnace sites, and as the demand increases they will fill up. Coke is gradually supplanting coal in the manufacture of iron, as coal has supplanted charcoal, and the probabilities are that the furnaces of the future will all be built to accom- modate them to the use of coke. Our furnace sites are on the direct line of the coke's transit from the ovens to the seaboard. No city in the United States is better supplied with water, and that water of the purest. The very nature of the Susquehanna preserves this to us. No stream in the land is freer from impurities. The health, too, of the city, notwithstanding the bad name it received at the hands of its neighbor Lancaster during the " removal of the seat of government question" on account of the " mill-dam" troubles, and which it re- tains owing to the keeping up of the same issue, is as good if not better than any river town in the State or Union. Statistics go to prove that the annual death- rate is far less than any city in the United States. With all these advantages it is not surprising that it has been so greatly prosperous. There is no location equal to it in all the essentials for the establishment of manufacturing industries. The Harbisbtjrg Car Manufacturing Com- pany. — Among the numerous extensive industrial establishments whose works have assumed such vast proportions as to exert a powerful interest upon the prosperity of the city, the Harrisburg Car Manufac- turing Company's works occupy the leading position. The plant of this company, consisting of two depart- ments, car-works and foundry and machine-works occupying separate locations, aside from its promi- nence as the leading industrial establishment of the city, ranks as the equal of any similar industry in the United States in point of capacity and annual output of product, and is one of the largest and most impor- tant industries in our State. The car-works was put in operation in 1853, with a paid-up capital of two thousand five hundred dollars and a productive capacity of nine eight-wheeled cars a week. The original stockholders were Messrs. William Calder David Fleming, Jacob Haldeman, Sr., Elias E. Kin- zer, Thomas H. Wilson, A. 0. Heister, W. F. Murray Isaac G. McKinley, all of this city, and William T. Hildrup, a practical car-builder from Worcester, Mass. The company then owned two and one-half acres of ground west of Herr Street, where its present extensive works are located, which had formerly been used as a truck-garden, and the surroundings gave very little promise of the busy population now in- habiting that portion of our city. In 1863, after being in operation ten years, the capital stock of the company was increased to $300,000, which has since been still further increased to $500,000. As early as 1871 the manufacturing capacity of the plant was greater in daily product than the weekly output named at the beginning; the annual product that year amounted to $1,250,000. April 25, 1872, the works were entirely consumed by fire, entailing a loss of several hundred thousand dollars, yet such was the energy of the parties that in the short space of ninety days the works were rebuilt with increased size and capacity. The following August another fire broke out, entirely destroying the machine-shops, which department was rebuilt and put in o_peration in the almost incredible short space of thirteen and one-half working days ; and notwithstanding the loss of means and time by fire, the production for the year was car- ried to the enormous sum of two million dollars. The panic of 1873 affected the car-building business probably more than any other branch of business in the country, yet such was the demand for the prod- ucts of this company that the business for the year amounted to over two million dollars. This in brief is the early history of the car-works department, and before attempting to review the present extensive works now owned and operated by the company it is necessary to briefly sketch the origin and history of the foundry and machine-works, located on Allison's Hill and operated by the company, inasmuch as from this point to the end of our sketch the two industries will be incorporated in summing up the aggregate total of output, number of employes, and wages paid. The Harrisburg Foundry and Machine-Works owes its existence to Mr. Hildrup's mechanical attainments and executive ability. This gentleman, who has been the general superintendent and business manager of the car-works industry since its foundation, in order ta keep their vast number of men employed during a season of depression in the car-building business which occurred about 1865, began the manufacture of agricultural implements and machinists' tools. This industry was carried on for a few years in the car-works plant, but it was not long until a boom in the car-building business required all the space in the works for that purpose. Consequently the com- pany were obliged to either give up the manufacture of the articles mentioned above or erect suitable buildings to carry on the industry. They decided to continue the industry, and about 1867 erected the large works now in operation on Allison's Hill. The buildings comprising this plant were used for car- V ,Xr X, v^ X- X X • X- ^ ^ CITY OF HARRISBURG. 357 building during the time required to build the car- works destroyed by fire. In place of the original two and a half acres of ground, the company now own fifty-eight acres of valuable city land, located as follows : Thirty-three acres north of the Pennsyl- vania Railroad, from Broad to State Streets, upon which the car-works are erected ; twenty-two acres on Allison's Hill, where the foundry and machine- works are located ; and three acres opposite the Wis- ter Furnace, where the company's large saw-mill is located. The principal buildings comprising the car- works plant are imposing in their dimensions and architectural appearance, consisting of three con- struction-shops, — one sixty by two hundred and eighty-two feet, one sixty by two hundred feet, and one forty by two hundred and eleven feet in dimen- sions ; foundry, sixty-two by two hundred and twenty feet ; machine-shop, sixty-one by one hundred and twenty feet, two stories ; blacksmith-shop, forty-five by two hundred and sixty-one feet, containing forty- six forges, five steam-hammers, and an immense drop- hammer of two thousand five hundred pounds power ; repair-shop, thirty-eight by one hundred feet ; frame- shop, sixty by two hundred feet, two stories ; planing- mill, eighty by one hundred and ten feet ; engine- and boiler-house, forty by eighty feet; office, forty by forty-one feet, two stories ; warehouse, twenty-six by forty feet, two stories, used for storing car-springs and fine brass castings ; together with a host of other buildings, which, with a few exceptions, are brick structures, and are all roofed either with slate or tin. The foundry and machine-works on Allison's Hill are comprised in a series of buildings, five of which are sixty by two hundred feet, and one fifty by two hundred, all two stories. These contain foundry, machine-, boiler-, tank-, and finishing- or setting-up- shops, and the warehouse and counting-rooms of the concern. The remaining buildings are one-story structures, adapted to forging, storage of raw mate- rial, and other departments. All the buildings are connected with each other by railways which form a junction with the Philadelphia and Reading Rail- road. As might be expected, the works are thor- oughly equipped with all the latest improved me- chanical devices and appliances that will tend to facilitate speed and perfection of product. The ma- chinery is of the most powerful and accurate charac- ter, embracing every improvement that ingenuity and skill has been able to devise, the larger portion of which was manufactured in the machine-shop of the company, both from private and standard patterns and specifications. Twelve stationary engines are necessary to propel the acres of machinery through- out the works, ranging in power from small fifteen- horse to monster one hundred and twenty horse-power afiairs. Sixteen thirty-four-feet eight-wheeled box-cars is the present daily productive capacity of the car- works plant, two of which are known as refrigerator cars, Wickes' patent, for the Merchants' Dispatch Transportation Company, elaborate affairs, that re- quire as much time to construct as six ordinary box- cars. To produce the enormous daily output requires the labor of six hundred and fifty men and boys. The daily consumption of material foots up fifty-five thousand feet of lumber, most of which is Southern pine, thirty tons of wheel-, twenty-three tons of bar-, eleven tons of axle-, and seventeen tons of pig-iron. The company do not forge their own axles, but make all their own wheels, casting one hundred and twenty a day from the best charcoal chilling iron. From year to year improvements have been made in the material used in manufacturing cars and the machinery necessary to its preparation, so that the work now produced by the company is so near per- fection that it seems almost impossible that a further improvement can be efiected in car manufacture. The products of the machine and foundry depart- ment on Allison's Hill consists of a line of heavy castings and machines for rolling-mills and blast- furnaces, compound pum ping-engines of any capacity for supplying towns and cities with water, steam- engines and steam-boilers, blast-pipes, gas-flues, air- pipes, oil-tanks, tank-cara, wrought-iron draft-stacks, and stand-pipes. A specialty of this industry is a line of agricultural machinery, the chief production being the well-known Paxton portable steam-engine for farm use, furnishing the propelling power for thresh- ers, shellers, etc., in a shape that has long been the aim of inventors to consummate. The company manufacture these engines at the rate of one hundred and fifty a year. Another specialty is the Paxton grain and- fertilizing drill, one of the finest achieve- ments of American ingenuity as an instrument for the cheapening and greater production of land crops. This plant furnishes employment to one hundred men and boys, swelling the total number of employes of the company to eight hundred, whose combined wages aggregate eight thousand dollars a week, and who produce by their labor a class of work that rep- resents in round numbers nearly three million dollars annually. The company have gone to great expense to improve their property, and they have left nothing undone to protect themselves from loss by fire, for besides providing their own hose-carriages and fire apparatus, they have at their own expense put down through their lumber-yard seventeen hundred feet of water-pipe, connecting with the city's water-main at State Street. Seven fire-plugs are distributed throughout the lumber-yard, and alongside of each plug is arranged a hose-box containing a supply of fire-hose. Numerous other interesting features might be mentioned in this connection, but want of space will not permit. In conclusion, personal mention must be made of some of the more prominent parties who have been instrumental in making this the most prominent in- dustrial establishment in the city, and which con- 358 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. duces in a large degree to the general welfare of the community. The almost unprecedented success of this vast enterprise is largely due to Mr. William T. Hildrup, the general superintendent and business manager. The president of the company is Mr. David Fleming, one of the original stockholders, who suc- ceeded the late William Calder. Mr. John Murphy, the general agent of the company, with headquarters at New York, is well and favorably known in railroad circles. The principal office assistants are Messrs. George G. Boyer, chief clerk, and J. Hervey Patton, assistant, with Mr. M. S. Shotwell, inventor of a val- uable car-replacer bearing his name, as inspector and draughtsman. The Chesapeake Nail-Works.— These exten- sive works, located near the canal, along the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, in the First Ward of the city, were built in 1866 by Charles L. Bailey & Brother. Of the twelve acres of land owned by the company, seven are covered by tenement-houses and the nail- works. The shops comprise a puddle-mill, nail-plate mill and nail-factory, and a variety of other buildings necessary in connection with works of this kind. The puddle-mill has fourteen puddling-furnaces, squeezer, and one train of rolls. The nail-plate mill has three , heating-furnaces, one train of rolls, and shears for cutting nail-plate. In the nail-factory are sixty-six nail-machines, and the machinery throughout is of thelatest and most approved pattern, and has a pro- ducing capacity of two hundred and sixty thousand kegs of nails per year, and employs about three hun- dred men. The present officers are Charles L. Bailey, president; A. S. Patterson, secretary; G. M. Mc- Cauley, treasurer. Central Ieon- Works.— The old mill was built ia 1853 by Charles L. Bailey & Brother, and changed and enlarged in 1879. The new mill was built in 1877-78 and enlarged in 1881, and contains one single and six double puddle-furnaces, one squeezer, five heating-furnaces, and five train-rolls (one muck, one thirty-one-inch and one twenty-five-inch roughing, one Lauth 3-high thirty-oue-inch and one Lauth 3- high twenty -five-inch chilled finishing), with shears, cranes, etc. The product of the works are boiler- plate and tank-iron. The annual capacity of the works is about thirteen thousand net tons, and employ one hundred and fifty men. The ofiScers are : Presi- dent, Charles L. Bailey; Secretary, Abraham 8. Pat- terson ; Treasurer, G. M. McCauley. The Paxton Furnaces.— Paxton Furnace, No. 1, was built in 1853 by Messrs. Bryan and Longen- ecker, of Lancaster, and located in the southern suburb of what was then the borough of Harrisburg. This firm conducted the business for a few years, when they sold their interest to the late James McCormick and Robert J. Ross, who placed the business in charge of Henry McCormick, and proceeded at once to a vigorous prosecution of the manufacture of pig metal. Mr. Ross subsequently died, when the entire property was purchased by Mr. McCormick, and after a few years the McCormicks added another furnace to their fast-increasing business, located near the site of the old one, put it in blast in 1872, and named it Paxton Furnace No. 2. Paxton Furnace, No. 1, has a forty-three-foot stack, a fourteen-foot bosh, and a capacity of six hundred tons pig-iron per month, while No. 2 has a sixty-foot stack, a fourteen-foot bosh, and capacity the same as No. 1. Eagle Works. — This establishment was built in 1854, by W. 0. Hickok, present owner and operator, on the corner of Canal and North Streets, and in 1869 was enlarged to its present dimensions, and is oper- ated by steam power. A specialty is made in machine castings, cider-mills, mechanics' tools, ruling ma- chinery, etc. Ninety men are given constant employ- ment, while the products of the works find sale in most every country on the globe. Jackson Manufacturing Company. — This com- pany was organized in August, 1881, with a cash cap- ital of fifty thousand dollars, and chartered Septem- ber 19th of the same year. The incorporators were John T. Chambers, James Jenkins, Henry C. Jenkins, James I. Chamberlain, Sarah H. Jackson, and Charles H. Jackson. The works of the company are located on the corner of new Fourth Street and Boyd Alley, and were purchased and enlarged in 1881, and pro- vided with machinery for the manufacture of steel wheelbarrows, pressed with patent dies, for which the present capacity is sixty steel barrows per day. They also manufacture coke wagons, mining wagons, mine cars, pig-metal barrows, charging barrows for fur- naces and foundries, also farm wheel-barrows, all of which are pressed from sheet steel. Twenty-five men are employed. The following are the present direc- tors and officers of the company : James I. Chamber- lain, president ; James Jenkins, secretary and treas- urer; Col. W. W. Jennings, Charles H. Jackson, Jotn T. Chambers. The Harrisburg Cotton-Mill was erected about 1852 by a stock company. Like similar enter- prises, it has had its periods of prosperity and adver- sity. It is located on North Street, between Front and Second, is built of brick, four stories high, two hundred feet long and sixty feet wide, with end wings of one story, sixty-four feet long and twenty-four feet wide. It has eight thousand spindles and two hundred and eighty looms, with a capacity of two thousand seven hundred bales cotton, producing cheviots, drill- ing, four-shafts twills, duck, warps, yarns, etc. The number of hands employed is two hundred and sixty, and the monthly pay-roll amounts to forty-five hun- dred dollars. The mill produces four million yards of heavy sheeting annually. The present proprietors of the mill are George Calder, Jr., & Co., of Lancaster. The Foundry and Machine- Works of Willson Brothers & Co. are located on the corner of State and Filbert Streets. They are largely engaged in the IPa@(PliaW ©IF ©HAiaiLi® CITY OP HARRISBURG. 359 manufacture of agricultural implements, of some which inventions they are the proprietors. These works are among the most successful industries of the city. Harrisburg Chain- Works. — Joshua W. Jones, of Harrisburg, the inventor of the new process for removing indentation made on paper after being printed thereon, and hydraulic dry-pressing ma- chines, and patent releasable clip-chain bale-tires, finding great diflSculty in procuring the proper chains for his machines, established this business for his own benefit. It has grown to an extensive establishment, and the demand for the manufacture, apart from his own, has been greater than the supply. At present only four furnaces are in operation, but eight others will soon be erected. The principal product will be chain bale-tires, and the capacity of the works is estimated at three thousand per month. A small Baxter engine is employed to drive a fan for fires, and an oven (eight feet by two feet by six feet) is used for japanning the chains. Twelve men are employed. The Steam-Fitting Works and Foundry of J. D. Marshbank & Son are located on corner of Short and South Streets, occupying the Jennings Franklin Foundry and Machine-shops. These works manufacture steam and hot-water fittings ; also vari- ous descriptions of heavy and light castings. The annual value of their product is thirty thousand dollars, -and they give employment to thirty-five hands. The Harrisburg Foundry, so long under the management of the Bay Brothers, is now operated by Messrs. John W. Brown and Augustus Reel, who carry on a general foundry business, with a probable annual capacity of one thousand tons. The works are located on State Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Harrisburg Fire-Brick Works, located on Second Street near Paxtang, were established in 1869, and have been in continuous operation since that date. They manufacture fire-brick for blast- furnaces, steel-works, and rolling-mill use, and have a capacity of two million bricks per annum, which amount could be readily increased. The clays used are from the several well-known deposits in New Jersey, and from Clearfield, Clinton, Dauphin, and Lebanon Counties, in Pennsylvania. All the fire- bricks are made of these several clays combined in various proportions as best suits the intended use. A forty horse-power engine is employed in grinding and mixing the clays. The works give employment to ninety hands. WiSTAR Furnace.— This furnace was built in 1867, originally fourteen by forty-five feet, but re- cently altered to fourteen by sixty feet. It is blown by a thirty by forty-eight-inch horizontal engine, geared to drive two blowing cylinders seventy-two by seventy-two inches. This engine blows two hundred and sixty cubic feet of air per stroke, and is capable of running thirty to thirty-five revolutions per min- ute, at a pressure of six to seven pounds of blast. There are three batteries of boilers, two of which give ample steam-power. Two Kent eight-inch pipe ovens heat the blast to 1000° or 1100° F. Only one oven is blown through, leaving one in reserve. Fuel, three-fourths anthracite, one-fourth coke ; ores. Dills- burg, Seizholtzville, Cornwall, and for two years past about one-third from Spain and other foreign coun- tries. Capacity, forty-five tons per day. This is a very complete furnace, and one of the most success- ful in the Susquehanna region. Hydraulic Cement Pipe Works. — These works, located on Herr Street and the Pennsylvania Canal, have been in successful operation during the past three years, manufacturing cement drain-pipes and cement ware or artificial stone. The product is sold throughout the whole of Central Pennsylvania. The capacity of the works is twenty-five thousand feet of drain-pipe per annum. The capital invested is fifteen thousand dollars, and the works give employment to twelve men. Henry J. Beatty, proprietor. Harrisburg Steel- and Iron- Works. — Messrs. Hummel, Fendrick & Co., since 1881, have occupied the old " Novelty Works," on the Pennsylvania Rail- road foot of Third Street, where they are engaged in the manufacture of bar-iron and tires, and promises to be one of the most successful industries of the capital. The Harrisburg Steam-Boiler and Tank- Works were erected in 1863 by Robert Tippett, who successfully carried on the business until his decease. They are now owned and operated by his sons, Charles E., David, and William P., under the firm- name of Robert Tippect's Sons. Their principal busi- ness is the manufacture of steam-boilers, furnace work, stacks, etc. They ship punched and shaped iron to Ohio, Alabama, and Tennessee. The works employ sixty hands, and have a capacity of thirty tons per week. They are located at the foot of Race Street, on the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad. CHAPTER XIII. The Fire Department— How they formerly extinguished Fires in Har- risburg — The First Fire Company— Friendship — Hope — Citizen— Wasliington— Mount Vernon— Paxton— Good Will— Mount Pleasant. One of the early ordinances of the borough re- quired every householder to have one fire-bucket for each story of the house. These buckets were made of heavy leather, long and narrow in size, and were painted diflerent colors as the owner chose, with his or her name on them, and were kept hanging in some convenient place, frequently in the hall or entry, and it was the occupant's duty, in case of an alarm, to carry or send them to the fire. Double lines were 360 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. forjned to the nearest pumps, and sopietimes to the river; men, women, and children joined in these lines, the latter being in the empty-bucket line. The buckets were passed from one to another filled with water and emptied into the side of the engines, which were worked by hand ; the empty buckets then passed back by those on the opposite line. Often the buck- ets were not more than half full when reaching the engines, the water being spilled by passing them along the line. There were separate lines for each engine. Balthaser Sees, who built the old " Union," the first fire-engine in the town, also made about fifty feet of leather-sewed hose, which was intended to have water conveyed from the pumps through them. As sewed hose was not water-tight, they never could be used. It was a difficult matter to maintain the lines at a distance from and out of sight of the fii'e, as every one wished to see it. It was hard, laborious work to pump water for the buckets and to work the engines. When the pumps failed, as they often did, lines were then formed to the river. This primitive means of putting out fires was con- tinued until 1886, when, to the great relief and joy of the people, the " Citizen" suction-engine was pur- chased. Hose enough was bought to rep-ch from either the river or canal to the centre of the town, and by that means the engines at the fires were sup- plied, but not in sufficient quantity without the bucket-lines. This continued until the water-works were conjpleted, in 1840. The hard work of the firemen at a conflagration at the engine-brakes continued until the present steam- engines were adopted, the "Friendship" being the first. All the hand-engines were gradually replaced by steam until the whole five companies were sup- plied. The first mode of giving the alarm of fire was by the ringing of thfe old court-house bell, followed by the different church bells, as the engine-houses then were small frame buildings without bells. Sub- sequently the direction was struck by the bells on the different engine-houses. The old Philadelphia sys- tem was then adopted, viz. : one stroke for north, two for south, three for east, and four for west; the other divisions of the compass were also struck. This alarm continued until the fire-alarm was erected in 1874. The first Are company was organized June 17, 1791, and John Kean was the first president thereof. The following is a copy of the original subscription paper : " We, the subscribers, considering the necessity of having an engine for extinguishing fires, do agree to pay to Adam Boyd the sums to our names affixed on demand, for the purpose of purchasing an engine for the use of the Borough of Harrisburg. "June 17, 1791." On Friday, Nov. 25, 1791, the residence of Mr. James Sawyer, on Locust Street, was destroyed by fire. After the fire was over Mr. Sawyer returned his thanks to the men and women of the borough for the aid. they had rendered him. As late as March 8, 1797, there was no apparatus in the city designed for putting out fires. This is shown by an ex- tract from the minutes of the Harrisburg Free De- bating Society. Among other questions discusssed (March 8, 1797) was one for procuring a fire-engine. At the fire in the building used by William Porter as a cold-nail factory, on the 19th of February, 1798, no reference is made to any service by an engine, but Mr. Porter did thank the ladies for what they had done, and declared his willingness to contribute to a fund towards procuring another engine. The infer- ence from this is that an engine was then owned by the borough. Tradition names the " Union" as being the first engine in use, which is the one re- motely referred to by Mr. Porter. The Union Com- pany was dissolved some time between 1830 and 1838. Robert Sloan and Frederick Heisely were directors of the company, and George Capp secretary in 1824. An ordinance was passed by the Town Council, July 13, 1813, impressing on all property-owners and ten- ants, whether male or female, to have within con- venient reach on their premises at least one leather bucket for use at fires. By the terms of the same ordinance the borough was divided into two fire dis- tricts, called respectively northern and southern, with Market Street as the dividing line, each district con- taining a company. These companies were the "Union" and the " Friendship." Feiendship Company, No. 1. — This company may be termed the patriarch of the present fire department of Harrisburg, having been instituted prior to 1803, although its oldest constitution only dates as far back as Aug. 11, 1812. The oldest official document among the records of the company is what purports to be a list of "sundry members of the Friendship Fire Com- pany who are indebted to the sums annexed to their names respectively, the account being down to the yearly meeting, Nov. 7, 1809, including said meeting." This list is attested by James Maginnis, secretary. The first debtor on the list is Thomas Ridge, and the amount of his indebtedness was as follows : 1803, August 1st, to sundry fines 10 shillings ISOi, August 7tli, " " " 11 " 1808, February 2d, " " " 3 " Messrs. Samuel Pool, Michael Krehl, Albright Wea- ver, John Kapp, Isaiah McFarland,'and Patrick Burk were also debtors to the company at this period. The indebtedness arose from tax and fines. "Messrs. Sawyer, Glass, Brua, Norton, Dorsheimer, managers of the company, and the secretary met at the house of John Norton, Feb. 9, 1808, for the purpose of holding an appeal, whereat B. Kurtz appealed ten shillings, Mr. George five shillings, Mr. Laverty five shillings, Mr. Glass five shillings, Mr. Dorsheimer one shilling, whereupon it was agreed that Mr. Goodman should give every one that is indebted to the company a call for the pay, and them that don't pay shall be sued." — Manuscript Minutes of Managers, Feb. 9, 1808. Among the names of the members of the company in 1808 are recognized many whose descendants still CITY OP HARRISBURG. 361 reside in Harrisburg. These are Messrs. John Zinn, Samuel Pool, Abraham Rupley, Andrew Berryhill, Moses Gillmor, John Mytinger, Joseph Young, Sam- uel Bryan, Christian Stahl, John Forster, James Brown, Samuel Black, Dr. Hall, Dr. Cleaveland, Peter Keller, Joseph Doll, James Sawyer, Frederick Felty, George Boyer, Jacob Boas, John Wyeth, John Wingert, Jacob Ziegler, George Roberts, and Benja- min Bowman, secretary. Obed Fahnestock was president of the company in 1812, and Christian Gleim secretary and treasurer in 1813. In 1818, Abraham Bombaugh was the treas- urer, who was succeeded in 1819 by Obed Fahnestock. Jacob Seller was secretary of the company in 1827. From this period we can find no records of the com- pany until 1848, when it adopted a new constitution, and in many respects increased its efficiency. The first hose-carriage of the company was purchased a short time after the introduction of water into Har- risburg. The old engine being too limited in its ca- pacity, and its wood-work partially rotted, the com- pany applied for and obtained the old " Harrisburg" engine, which belonged to a company of that name formerly existing in Harrisburg. This was used by the company for several years, when it was found de- fective, and then abandoned. The company was then granted the use of the "United States," a powerful second-class engine, formerly used by a company of that name in Middletown, but owned by Judge W. F. Murray, who' had it brought here for sale. The Town Council, however, refused to buy it, and in lieu thereof purchased in Philadelphia an efficient second- hand engine, which the company continued to use until 1860, when they purchased their present steamer, a second-class Amoskeag make. The fine building of the company on Third Street below Chestnut Street was erected in 1850, the com- pany having previously occupied a two-story frame structure on the river-bank, a short distance north of the toll-house of the Harrisburg bridge. The Hope Fiee Company, No. 2. — This associ- ation was instituted on the 6th day of January, 1814, and was the third of its kind organized after Harris- burg was laid out. Its cotemporaries were the " Union" and " Friendship." The following " list of members of the Hope Fire Company who have been furnished with badges" is from an old memorandum- book. Those marked with a (*) were members in 1814, the others in 1816. Only one on the roll sur- vives, the genial and scholarly gentleman that he is. Col. Samuel Shoch, of Columbia : John Lyne. Henry Antes. John C. Bucher. William Smith. Alexander Graydon. Joseph Wallace. John Peacock. Henry Colestock. Jacob Zollinger. John Smith. Henry Smith. John A. Fisher. Jacob Hoyer. William Roberts. James R. Boyd. John Buffington. Samuel Wiestling. Joseph Youse. William Burns. *John H. Candor. John Whitehill. Samuel Sees. *John M. Forster. Jacob Bogler. Luther Reily. J. Lindemuth. John H. Kroberger. Charles Shaffert. James Wright. Andrew Graydon. W. Crist. James Scull. Edward Hughes. *John Kunkel. Jacob Baughman. Thomas Buffington. *James Mitchell. Thomas Martin. George Snyder. John Williams. Samuel Shoch. Andrew Krause. Jacob Kimmel. John Kurtz. * Moses Musgrave. David Gregg. * Ezekiel Gregg. *Zeno Fenn. * John Wilson. *G. W. Hollis. * G. Taylor. *F. Scheaffer. *Hugh Roland. * George Horter. * George Mish. Capt. Thomas Walker was the first vice-president of the company, and Hon. John C. Bucher held that office in 1819. In 1823, Mr. Bucher was president, and in the year following Henry Buehler was secre- tary of the company. Mr. Bucher was succeeded by Charles F. Muench, Dr. Luther Reily, Hamilton Al- ricks, A. Boyd Hamilton, etc. Joseph Wallace, Henry Antes, Dr. Heisely, Dr. Orth, and other prominent citizens were at one time members of the company. The long time which has elapsed since its first organi- zation, and the number of changes in the aflTairs of the company, render it extremely difficult to obtain any considerable knowledge of its early history. We know, however, that the first engine of the company was manufactured in Philadelphia by the celebrated Pat Lyon — him of bank prosecution memory — at a cost of twelve hundred dollars, and that it was capa- ble of throwing two hogsheads of water per minute! After the erection of the water-yporks the company added to their apparatus a beautiful hose-carriage. Shortly after this period the affairs of the company seem to have been in a depressed condition until January, 1853, when a number of public-spirited citi- zens residing in the upper part of the borough joined together and effected its complete reorganization under the auspices of the Town Council. A beautiful second- class engine, capable of throwing two side and a gal- lery stream, manufactured by J. Agnew, of Philadel- phia, was purchased at a cost of thirteen hundred and fifty dollars. In March, 1858, the company also re- placed their hose-carriage by a neat " spider" or "crab," at a cost of one hundred dollars, and in September, 1858, further increased its efficiency by obtaining a hook-and-ladder apparatus. The house of the company up to 1855 was a small frame structure which stood on the site of the present building. In that year the municipal authorities re- 362 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. moved the structure, and erected in its place a two- story brick building thirty-four by twenty-four feet. The company subsequently extended this building forty feet in length and added another story, and as a highly creditable fact we might add* that the brick- layers, carpenters, plasterers, and painters belonging to the company performed the work gratis by the light of their fire-la;jterns. The hand-engine was finally sold to a Lewistown fire company, and its place supplied by the company's present steam-engine, which arrived here Feb. 28, 1865. It was manufac- tured by L. Button, Waterford, N. Y., and at the first test in this city threw a stream from a one and three- eighth inch nozzle on a level two hundred and twenty- five feet, and through a one and one-eighth inch nozzle a vertical stream of two hundred and seven feet. The building of the company having become unsafe, it was torn down in the spring of 1870, and the present structure erected in its place. The Citizen Fire Company, No. 3.— This effi- cient fire company was organized in the year 1836. Its first officers were William Bostick, Sr., president ; Henry Lyne, vice-president ; George S. Kemble, treasurer; and William Parkhill, secretary. The company, shortly affer its organization, purchased a beautiful and powerful engine at a cost of nine hun- dred and fifty dollars. It was of second-class capacity, throwing a gallery and two side streams, and was manufactured at the celebrated establishment of .loel Bates, in Philadelphia. The power and effectiveness of this engine was fully tested at the disastrous fires which occurred in the summer and fall of 1838 at the opposite corners of Fourth and Market Streets. At these fires it rendered the most important services in consequence of being provided with a suction appa- ratus, which forced water from the canal, thus in a great measure dispensing with the then prevailing system of " bucket-lines." The introduction oiT water and hydrants into the borough created a material change in the operations of the fire department. The " bucket-lines" already referred to gave way to hose, and it was necessary that the several fire companies should be provided with this article. The Citizen Company was the first to respond to this necessity, and accordingly pur- chased in Philadelphia a beautiful hose-carriage and sixteen hundred feet of hose, the former at a cost of two hundred and eighty-five dollars. With this useful addition the company required the privileges and powers of an incorporation, and accordingly an application for a charter was made and granted by the Court of Common Pleas in 1841. It was discovered, however, by time and experience, that this charter was defective; accordingly, at a meeting of the company held May 12, 1858, a new constitution and by-laws were proposed and a com- mittee appointed to petition the court for their ap- proval. This committee petitioned the court on the 13th of May, 1858, and on the 23d of August follow- ing the court granted the prayer of the petitioners by directing that the said constitution and by-Jaws shall " thereafter be deemed and taken to be the instru- ment on which said association shall be governed as firemen." The first hose-carriage having become dilapidated by time and service, the company, in the fall of 1856, purchased in Philadelphia a new one, handsomely mounted with silver and other embellishments, at a cost of about one thousand dollars. In addition to this, they shortly afterwards procured a handsomie "spider," manufactured to order by R. J. Fleming, of Harrisburg, and costing about two hundred dollars. The company, in October, 1858, increased its effi- ciency by procuring a " Button engine," a lately patented fire apparatus, manufactured at Waterford, N. Y., a trial of which, in front of Brant's Hall, was thus noticed in the Daily Telegraph : " She did nobly, and more than realized the expectations of the most sanguine members of the Citizen Company. In our opinion the engine is fully equal to three ordinary machines of the old style, and ranks next to the steam fire-engines lately adopted in the various cities.- On the first trial she threw a stream of water through a IJ-inch nozzle a distance of two hundred and one feet. On the second trial she threw two streams at once through IJ-inch nozzles a distance of one hundred and sixty-five feet each. On the third trial she threw five streams at once through |-inch nozzles from one hundred and five to one hundred and twenty-one feet. When this feat was accomplished the members of the Citizen Com- pany, pleased with the success of their new machine, made the welkin ring with repeated and enthusiastic cheers for the engine and its manufacturer. On the fourth trial the largest nozzle-^-lJ-inch — was used, and this powerful volume of water was thrown a dis- tance of one hundred and sixty-seven feet. The machine gave entire satisfaction in every respect.'' This at the time was the largest engine of the kind in the State. It weighed three thousand five hundred pounds, required fifty men to work it, and cost two thousand and fifty dollars delivered in Harrisburg. The Washington Hose Company, No. 4.— The example of the Citizen Fire Company in procuring hose to meet the requirements of the change in the fire department caused by the introduction of water into the borough was followed by the organization of a company whose apparatus consists exclusively of hose and its carriage. Being convinced of the utility of such an organiza- tion, a number of young men met in the dining-room of the United States Hotel, on the corner of Second and Mulberry Streets, on Wednesday evening, Jan. 27, 1841, for the purpose of organization and to raise funds to purchase a hose-carriage. A committee was appointed to solicit money by subscription to pur- CITY OF HAERISBURG. 363 chase a carriage, and on the 5th of February, 1841, that committee reported that suflScient amount had been subscribed by the citizens, when John L. Mar- tin was deputed to purchase the carriage of the Wash- iiigton Hose Company, of Philadelphia, at a cost of one hundred and eighty dollars. The carriage was received on the 20th of March, 1841, and at the same time the Town Council furnished the company with six hundred feet of hose. On Friday evening, April 2, 1841, the company was regularly organized, and denominated the Washington Hose Company, of Harrisburg, Pa., a constitution and by-laws adopted, and the following officers were elected : President, Levi Wolfinger; Vice-President, John L.Martin; Secre- tary, E. S. German ; Treasurer, David Lingle. From this period the company has been one of the most active and eflBcient in the borough. On the 3d day of May, 1843, application was made to the court of Dauphin County for an act of incorpora- tion, which was granted on the 2d of September, 1843, and recorded on the 8th day of September, 1843, in Deed-Bo9k P, vol ii. page 432. The want of a suitable building for the carriage and a room for the meetings of the company was a great inconvenience, and prompted by the generosity previously manifested by the citizens, it was proposed and a committee appointed on the 5th of January, 1844, to devise ways and means to raise funds to erect a suitable house. On the 2d of February, 1844, a lot of ground was purchased, on the corner of Second Street and Meadow Lane, from C. L. Berghaus, Esq., for the sum of ninety dollars. The building was commenced on the 4th of March, 1844, and on the 23d of March, 1844, the corner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The building was completed on the 3d of August, 1844. It was one of the most perfect of the kind in the State, being provided with all the most approved accommodations suitable to the character of the uses to which it was applied. The structure cost eight hundred dollars. The carriage of the company being old and ill suited, another was proposed and urged of more mod- ern construction, for which object members were chosen to raise money by subscription, and on the 22d day of May, 1850, a contract was made with George Euhl, of Philadelphia, to build a " crab" or hose-car- riage for the sum of three hundred and fifty dollars, which was completed and given into the charge of the company on the 5th of October, 1850. The first occasion that called the company into service was the burning of a stable and bark-house at Mr. Greena- walt's tannery, in River Alley above Locust, on the 28th of April, 1841. The company were in pos- session of the fire-plug at the corner of Front and Walnut Streets. On April 29, 1858, the company desiring a more eligible location, purchased from C. O. 'Zimmerman for the sum of one thousand dollars the lot on Chest- nut Street at present occupied by the company. The old hose-house and lot was sold to a Mr. Erb for six hundred and fifty dollars. The company at once pro- ceeded to erect their present building from plans fur- nished by L. M. Simon. The entire cost of the struc- ture was three thousand one hundred and twenty dollars and one cent. The company has been keenly alive to the importance of increasing the eflSciency of the fire department of Harrisburg, and on Nov. 26, 1867, cheerfully responded to the call for the election of dele- gates to meet in convention for the purpose of forming a fire insurance association, the creation of which led on Oct. 6, 1868, to the passage of an ordinance by the Common Council for the election of a chief and two assistant engineers. The introduction of steam fire-engines into the city created a new era in the fire department of Harris- burg, and although the Washington Company still maintained their distinctive character as a hose com- pany, they determined, nevertheless, to keep abreast with the step of progress. Accordingly, on March 7, 1876, the trustees were instructed to inquire into the cost of a modernly-constructed hose-cart to be drawn by horses, and subsequently secured the one now used by the company. It cost six hundred dollars, and first went into service on the 27th of June, 1876, while the old carriage was taken apart and placed in the hall as a relic of the past. Mount Vernon Hook-and-Laddbe Company, No. 5. — This company was first organized on the 5th of April, 1858, under the name of the "Independent Hook-and-Ladder Company," which was changed in August or September following to the " Mount Ver- non Hook-and-Ladder Company." The following is a list of the first officers of the company : President, William C. A. Lawrence; Vice-President, Richard M. Birkman ; Secretary, William B. Wilson ; Treas- urer, J. A. Carman ; Board of Directors, David G. May, Thomas W. Anderson, Frank A. Murray, and Robert G. Denning; Elective Board, David G. May, T. Rockhill Smith, and Thomas W. Anderson. The apparatus of the company was manufactured by Mr. R. J. Fleming, of Harrisburg, and costeight hundred dollars. It consists of a carriage, hooks and ladders, etc., and has been thus described : " The total length of the apparatus is forty-eight feet, the length of coupling twenty-seven feet, and the length of the largest ladder forty feet. The iron- work is polished, the springs of steel, and the axles of turned iron. The wheels and body are elegantly varnished and decorated with gilt and carved work, the knobs being tipped with brass. The wood-work is painted of a dark claret color and durably con- structed. Axes, picks, and lanterns are provided and secured in proper positions about the carriage, and a beautiful signal-lamp surmounts the whole." The company, in 1858, occupied the two-story frame building on the east corner of Locust Street and Raspberry Alley, which was altered and arranged 364 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. for its accommodation, where it remained until the spring of 1866, when it took possession of their pres- ent structure on Fourth Street near North. In the fall of 1875 the company secured a patent tiller to their truck and began the use of horses to draw their apparatus. The first service of the company was at the fire which destroyed Mr. German's brewery on Chestnut Street. PAXTON (PAXT4.NG) FlEB COMPANY, NO. 6.— The removal of the Washington Hose Company from the corner of Second Street and Meadow Lane left that portion of Harrisburg in a comparatively unpro- tected condition to meet the contingency of fire. Fully appreciating this situation of affairs, a number of public-spirited citizens held a meeting on Nov. 22, 1859, and the result was the organization of the Pax- ton Fire Company. The company at once went into service, having secured the powerful hand-engine \yith side brakes formerly owned by the Friendship Fire Company. This they stored in a small frame building that formerly stood on Second Street, north of the company's present building. This was used very effectively by the company until Feb. 1, 1867, when they purchased their present steam-engine, which was christened the " John Harris." The apparatus is one of the largest in the city, having first-class pumps, but ranking only as a second-class engine. The com- pany subsequently bought a lot from Lewis Metzgar on Second Street, a short distance south of their original location, upon which they erected, at a cost of three thousand six hundred dollars, their present fine building. Like the other steam fire companies, the Paxton is provided with hose-carts and an ample .supply of hose to meet almost any emergency. Good Will Fiee Company, No. 7.— This com- pany was organized in 1860, and first used a hand- engine with side brakes. The first house of the com- pany stood on Eidge Eoad a short distance above Cumberland. It was a frame building, and erected by the day-labor of the individual members of the company themselves. The hand-engine was used until July, 1869, when the company purchased their present steam-engine, named "Marion Verbeke," in honor of the wife of William K. Verbeke, Esq., both of whom were large contributors and took much in- terest in promoting the interests of the organization. The company vacated their original premises and moved into their present elegant building in 1873. Mount Pleasant Hose Company, No. 8.— That portion of the city lying on the ridge east of Paxtang Creek is locally known as East Harrisburg, which now forrtis one of the most important and thriving sections of the city. Its long distance from the heart of the city and its otherwise somewhat isolated con- dition gave it littie or no protection in case of fire. Appreciating this situation of affairs, a number of the property-holders met together in February, 1877, and the result was the organization of the Mount Pleas- ant Hose Company, with the following officers : Presi- dent, William C. Kibby; Vice-President, H. M. Kelley; Secretary, A. C. McKee; Financial Secre- tary, S. H. Kautz; Treasurer, Jacob Zarker, Sr. The company in 1879 purchased a hose-carriage with the necessary quantity of hose, and at once went into active service. During September or October next the company expect to move into the fine and capa- cious brick building which the city is erecting for them at the corner of Thirteenth and Howard Streets. The Fiee Depaetment. — The creation of a chief and two assistant engineers of the Harrisburg fire department grew out of the organization of a fire insurance company formed by the several fire com- panies of the city, and subsequently known as the Harrisburg Fire Association. In September, 1868, the Fire Association transmitted a circular letter to each of the fire companies, requesting them to elect delegates to meet in convention to elect a chief and two assistant engineers for the fire department of the city. The convention was held Sept. 4, 1868, and re- sulted in the election of Henry C. Schaffer as chief engineer, Joseph Montgomery as first assistant, and Samuel Ebersole as second assistant engineer. We append a list of the chief and assistant engineers of the fire department of the. city since the passage of the ordinance in 1868 down to date : 1 When Elected. Chief. No. First ABsistants. No. Second Assistants. No. Sept 4 1868 Henry C Schaffer 6 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 2 6 3 6 5 ■ 6 3 7 7 6 8 7 Samuel Eberly 2 . 2 6 2 6 7 1 3 3 3 7 4 i 4 6 6 " 8,1870 " 2 187J David Simons Philip Beitzel " 1,1872 » 6 1873 It (( (( 11 John Geiger „. « 6,1874 " 3,1875.... " 3,1876 •' 1,1877 " 7,1878 William N. Brown Tnhn Whfinlpr Michael Casey (1 X It (( lewis Filling " 6 1879 John A. Koser " 5,1880... " 3, 1H81 " '2,1882 " 8 1883 . (1 If i( It It (t (( CI Theodore Erb ThomHR W UAAfi John A. Hoclier : CITY OF HARRISBURG. 365 CHAPTER XIV. Early Educational Efforts — The Harrieburg Academy — The Lancas- terian System— The Public Schools. As early as 1786, just one year after the erection of the county, the inhabitants of Harrisburg, in order to as4st in bringing into effect the intentions of John Harris, who had granted the rents, issues, and profits of his ferry across the river for the endowment of an English and German academy in that town, entered the following agreement: We, the subscribers, do each of us for ourselves promise to pay, or cause to be paid, to John Hoge, Moses Gilmor, Conrad Bombaugh, and John Brooks, or their order upon demrfhd, the sums annexed to each of our names respectively, to be applied by them in purchasing materials for and in building a school-house in one corner of the public ground in the town of Harrisburg. In witness yrhereof we have hereunto set our hands, with the sums annexed, this 20th day of April, 1786 : 5 10 10 10 7 6 7 6 10 7 B 7 G 10 10 10 10 10 10 IS IS 10 7 6 IS IS 5 7 6 7 6 7 6 2 6 7 6 16 10 16 7 6 5 7 6 8 4 15 S IS 8 4 7 6 7 6 2 B IS IS 7 B John Harris 5 William Speigel 1 George Fridley 1 George Le Eu Thomas Kelso (a quan- tity of limestone) Michael Kapp George Hoyer Christian Kunkle Clunie & Kean., 1 Adam Knatzer John A. Hanna Thomiis Forater Jonathan Hudson Stephen Stevenson Jacob Weaver John Tietsworth Alexander Barr James Duncan Samuel Grimes Jacob Zollinger Matthew Adams George Allen Robert Stevenson Alex, and Wm. Power... 1 John Boyd Alex. Porter Robert Ramsey John Hursha George Devebaugh Joseph Lytle George Reddick Richard Dixon James McNamara Edward Burke Peter Graybill Buckler I. Smith David McMuUen Levi Hollingsworth Adam Hocker 1 John Hocker Malcolm Boyce Dennis Sweeney The following additional subscribers are recorded in 1791, five years after the first subscription : John Lnther Anthony Sayfort John Dentzel David Harris Stacy Potts George Fisher William Graydon The first trustees of the academy were John A. Hanna, John Hamilton, and John Kean. The trus- tees for 1791 were John A. Hanna, John Kean, John Dentzel, Stacy Potts, and Adam Boyd. The follow- ing is the preamble of the constitution adopted by the subscribers to the academy fund : William Brown 8 Andrew Stewart 7 Ephraim Hunter 5 Francis Le Ru 7 Richard King 8 Andrew Coulter 18 James Stewart 7 Alex. Graydon 1 10 Joseph Montgomery 3 7 David Jordan 1 7 John Hamilton 1 10 John Joseph Henry 1 2 Faughnev C. Farrell 1 2 William Maclay 8 William McCroskey 7 Samuel BerryhiU 7 Francis Furgnaon 10 John Norton 1 2 John McGafog 7 Alex. BerryhiU 7 William" Diven 8 Aaron Wright 7 Noah Chamberlin 7 George Hoak 7 Stewart Williams 7 John McChesney 7 William Murray 7 John Davis 10 Adam Boyd 1 10 John Galbraith 7 Jacob Geiger 7 Henry Fulton 11 Andrew Armstrong 10 William Philips 7 John Bppert. 7 Henry Win gert 7 John Hoge 1 7 Moses Gilmor 1 10 David Ritchie - 7 Walter Clark 7 William Glass 7 James Sayers 7 8. d. 7 6 7 6 7 6 10 7 B 7 B 7 6 Robert Harris David Vogelsong Robert Barr David Conner Henry Benner Eli Lewis " Whereas, The prosperity and happiness of the free and independent citizens of the United States in a great measure depends on the proper cultivation and improvement of the minds of the young and rising generations, whereby they may be qualified to perform their respective duties in civil society as well as the more important obligations of religion ; where- fore, we, the citizens of Harrisburg, in the State of Pennsylvania, in order to establish a seminary of useful learning, have by voluntary contributions built a school-house, hoping through the favor of Di- vine Providence, with the benevolent aid of the hon- orable Legislature of this Commonwealth, and the charitable donations of the well disposed, together with the diligent care and attention of the governors and teachers, it may become a respectable institution, renowned for the pious education of future genera- tions ; for which purpose we do ordain and establish the following rules for the constitution and govern- ment thereof." Section 8 of the rules directed that the teachers shall from time to time be obliged to teach such num- ber of charity scholars as shall be recommended by the trustees (not exceeding four) gratis, which the trustees and teachers shall keep secret. Oct. 4, 1791. Samuel Barnes Davis was appointed teacher of the academy for three months ; and at a meeting of the trustees on Jan. 3, 1792, it was re- solved " that Mr. Davis, the teacher, shall submit for the approbation of the trustees copies of all such extracts or speeches as he intends the children under his care shall speak or deliver at public exhibition." Oct. 22, 1795. Mr. William Moderwell was ap- pointed teacher of the Latin and Greek department of the academy, to commence this day. Nov. 21, 1795. The trustees determined that the following books should be taught in the Latin and Greek department in the order in which they succeed each other : Latin — Grammar, Vocabulary, Corderii, etc.. Fa- bles, Erasmus Delectse, e Veteri, Selectee e Profanis. Greek — Greek Grammar, Testament, Lucian, Xen6- phon. Homer, Csesar's Commentaries, Ovid, Virgil, Sallust, Horace, Cicero. The early minutes of the academy, the original of which are in the possession of A. Boyd Hamilton, Esq., show that, like all new and deserving enter- prises, the institution had its trials and difficulties, but by persevering energy these were finally over- come, and the academy to-day ranks as one of the best select educational establishments in the State. On the 4th of April, 1809, Governor Snyder ap- proved of the act incorporating the Harrisburg Academy. By the act of incorporation there was in- cluded a grant from the State of one thousand dollars to purchase a lot of ground whereon "to erect a suit- able building, and to procure a pair of globes and such other astronomical and mathematical apparatus as may be necessary." The incorporators and original 366 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. members of the board of trustees were William Gray- don, Christian Kunkel, George Hoyer, Robert Harris, Samuel Laird, Henry Beader, John Wyeth, Joshua Elder, and Dr. John Luther. In November following a lot of grotind was secured on Market Street, now Nos. 314, 316, 318. In 1814, by permission of the State, a building was erected on the public ground on the corher of Fifth and Walnut Streets. This, how- ever, was found to be in direct violation of the trust by the State as expressed in the original deed of con- veyance by John Harris to the commonwealth. For many years annual appropriations were received from the State, but financial embarrassments seem to have been its lot for many years. Notwithstanding these struggles and discouragements, by disposing of its Market Street property, by subscriptions, etc.,, the trus- tees finally secured the Maclay mansion, on the corner RESIDENCE OF WILLIAM MACLAY, 1791. of Front and^South Streets. This fine old stone build- ing] was erected by Senator William Maclay about the year 1791. Here, at last, the old academy found a resting-place, and prosperity has dawned upon it. Many of our best citizens have, been educated in the Harrisburg Academy, and many of those who were pupils " have won honor and been greatly esteemed both' in public and private life.'' The principals of the school, as far as we have been able to glean, were : 1810, Joseph Findley ; 1813-14, Samuel Guernsey ; 1815-16, .Joshua Holt ; 1816, S. G. Strong ; 1817, ; 1818, Nicholas B. Wood; 1819-21, Rev. Wil- liam T. Hamilton; 1822, Samuel Davies; 1823, Rev. Nathaniel Todd ; 1825-28, Dr. John Keagy ; 1828-29, — ;Porter; 1829-30, Rev. John MacBeth ; 1830-31, Rev. A. 0. Hubbard ; 1831-46, Alfred Armstrong. Assistants — Benjamin Creaver (1838), John MoKin- ney, Augustus Wyeth, Thomas J. Bigham ; 1846, Rev. William S. Graham; 1847-50, •Rev. Mahlon Long; 1850-52, Rev. Chapman ; 1852-54, Rev. John T. Demarest, D.D. ; 1854-60, A. A. Kemble; 1860, Pro- fessor Jacob F. Seller, A.M. Other educational institutions flourished during all these years, but of them the Harrisburg Academy is the only survivor. From the adoption of the State Constitution of 1790 until 1809 no legislative provision of a general nature was made in reference to public schools. An act was then passed " for the gratuitous education of the poor." It required a report to be made by the assessors of the townships, wards, and boroughs to the commissioners of the respective counties of all children between the age of five and twelve years whose parents were unable to provide for their educa- tion ; and that when the lists had been approved by the commis-iioners, that such parents should be noti- fied thereof, and be permitted to send their children to the most convenient schools at the expense of the county. Notwithstanding the many defects of this law, it continued in force until it was repealed by that of 29th of March, 1824, whicb provided that every township should elect three " school- men," who should superintend the education of poor children within their respective townships, and "cause them to be instructed as other chil- dren are treated, the expense of tuition to be paid by the county.'' But each county might author- ize the " schoolmen" to divide the township into school districts, and to establish schools at the expense of the township, to which all children belonging to the districts might be sent for three years, at any time between the ages of six and fourteen years. This law was applicable to the whole State, with the exception of certain school districts in the city and county of Philadelphia and city of Lancaster. It was repealed in 1826 and the act of 1809 revived. Besides the general provisions of the early acts relating to education throughout the State there ■were special ones enacted for certain localities. Thus in 1818 the city and county of Philadelphia were erected into a district called the " First School Dis- trict of Pennsylvania." By the act of April 1, 1822, the city and county of Lancaster were erected into the "Second School District," with privileges and duties similar to the first. By the act of 11th April, 1827, the same system was established at Harrisburg, and by act of 19th February, 1828, at Pittsburgh. The act establishing a public school in Harrisburg authorized the commissioners of Dauphin County to make use of any part of the court-house of said county which may be unoccupied, build or procure a suitable building for the purpose of educating the children directed to be taught at the public expense to engage a suitable teacher or teachers, and they were required to direct that all children educated at the public expense, who shall reside in the borough of Harrisburg, or within one mile thereof, .should at- tend the school, which was to be taught and con- ducted on the principle of Lancaster's system of edu- cation in its most approved state. The commissioners CITY OP HARRISBURG. 367 were further empowered to admit children whose parents or guardians were in circumstances to pay for their tuition, and were at liberty to charge in each individual case any sum which may be agreed upon between the parties, which should be applied in all cases to the support of the school. Under the provisions of the act of April 11, 1827, the commissioners of the county established a school on Lancaster's plan in Harrisburg in the latter part of that year, and erected the capacious building now owned by the school board, on Walnut Street, oppo- site Short, in the city of Harrisburg, for its accom- modation. The Lancasterian system was based upon monitorial or mutual instruction. Thus, a school would be divided into several sections, according to the acquirements of the scholars, over each one of which was appointed by the master a "monitor," — generally the most intelligent and advanced scholar, whose duty it was to superintend the instruction of his companions in the section to which he belonged. Of course, all the sections were under the general superintendence of the master. According to the report of the county commission- ers in April, 1828, we learn that the whole number of children taught in the school was three hundred and fifty. The number of children taught in the school whose parents, guardians, or friends defrayed, or agreed to defray, any part of the whole of the ex- pense of their tuition, was one hundred and fifty- four. The amount received for the tuition of chil- dren whose parents, guardians, or friends defrayed the whole or any part of their education, was fifty- five dollars and eight cents. The amount due for the tuition of children whose parents, guardians, or friends agreed to pay the whole or any part of their' education, was two hundred and fifty-one dollars and twenty cents. Prior to 1832 aid was given to the minister of the colored church, who had established a school for that race in the old log church corner of Third and Mul- berry Streets. On the 7th of November, that year, the commissioners direct "the clerk to inform Jacob Richardson, teacher of colored children in Harris- burg, that in future the colored children under his tuition shall be taught in the Lancasterian school, as the law directs; .and that the commissioners will hereafter allow hira no compensation for teaching said children." By the act of the General Assembly of 9th of April, 1833, this school was discontinued on the 20th of May, 1834 It was not a financial success, to the county, and the influence of the rural districts was such as to secure its abolishment, although educationally it ac- complished much good. The present common school system was established Dec. 5, 1835, and from the report of the State school superintendent for the year ending Dec. 31, 1837, the following statistics show the progress of the systeni in the county of Dauphin in two years' time : Number of schools, 48 ; number of teachers,- 45, females, 13 ; number of scholars, — males, 1541, fe- males, 1320; number of months kept open, four months and twenty days ; moneys received,-^State appropriation, $2037.34; from the county, $1430.17; from the districts, $4731.89 ; average salary of teach- ers, — males, $20.80J, females, $19.16 ; cost of school- house repairs, $1575.29 ; other expenses, $530.53. Small as are these figures, the result at the time was considered very favorable, and exceeded many counties with a much larger population than Dau- phin. Through Superintendent Foose we are fur- nished the following educational statistics of the city of Harrisburg, which will convey at a glance the rapid growth which that magnificent system has made : Yeahs. Number of Schools, Number of Teachers. Number of Pupils. Salaries of Male Teachers. Salaries of Female Teachers. 1836 11 19 24 47 78 90 97 21 19 24 47 96 107 113 957 986 976 3421 6063 6259 6124 822 28 40 67 67 69 69.65 $19 19 1841 1857 25 186T 1877 46 1880 1883 43 17 There are eighteen buildings owned by the board of control used for school purposes, valued at $307,250. Three rented rooms are used for school purposes. Seating capacity of all buildings is 5900, and value of furniture $21073.80. High Schools. — The city was originally divided into two school districts, each with its own board, and each board sustained two high schools, one for each sex, from the establishment of the system until 1869, when the two districts were coYisolidated into one, and the original four high schools into two schools, one for each sex, substantially as they are at the present time, so far as their organization is concerned. The boys' high school, of which J. Howard Wert, A.M., is principal, enrolled seventy-six pupils during the past year. Two assistant teachers were employed to carry on the work of this school. The girls' high school, of which Miss Jennie P. Givler is principal, assisted by six additional teachers, enrolled one hun- dred and sixty pupils during the year. Course of Studies. — First year, — Arithmetic re- viewed, Algebra, English Grammar and Composition, English History, Physiology, Physical Geography or Latin, Etymology. Second year, — English History completed, Algebra completed, Latin or Natural History, Natural Philosophy, Elementary Geometry (girls). Double Entry Book-keeping (boys). Third or junior year, — Rhetoric and Composition, Geometry, Latin, or Special History, Natural Philosophy, Arithmetic and Algebra reviewed with application of principles. Senior or fourth year, — Latin or English Literature, or General History, Rhetoric and Compo- sition, Civil Government, Surveying and Navigation 368 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. (boys), Trigonometry and theory of teaching (girls), Greek (optional with advanced classes) ; Drawing, — boys, Mechanical ; girls. Industrial and Pefspective. General attention to Reading, Elocution, Writing, Spelling, Declamation, Composition, Manners and Morals throughout the course. There is a teachers' library owned and controlled by the City Teachers' Institute, consisting of about five hundred volumes. This institute meets the first and third Saturdays of each calendar month, while schools are in session. City Superintendents. — Daniel S. Burns, A.M., was elected first city superintendent in 1869 ; was re- elected in 1872, 1875, 1878, and resigned 1879. L. O. Foose, A.M., was elected to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Burns, 1879, re-elected in 1881, and still holds the office. CHAPTER XV. Banks and Banking Institutions — Public Buildings of the State — Char- itable Institutions — Fost-OfBces and Postmasters — Census Beturns, etc. BANKS AND BANKING INSTITUTIONS. Habrisbtjeg National Bank. — This institution was chartered by the Legislature on the 9th of May, 1814, with a capital of $300,000, and was regularly organized in the month of June of the same year by the election of the following board of directors: on the second story. The bank remained there, how- ever, only a few months, when it was removed into the brick building at present No. 21 South Second Street, where it remained until 1817, when it pur- chased from the Philadelphia Bank the brick build- ing which that company had used as a branch, sit- uated at the southwest corner of Market Square and Blackberry Alley, in which it continued until the summer of 1854, when the building was torn down to give place to the present elegant structure, the bank in the mean time carrying on its business in the house adjoining. No. 14 South Market Square. One of the earliest notes of this institution is a " shinplaster" of 1816, a fac-simile of which is given below. We append a list of the presidents and cashiers of the bank from its first organization to the present day : Presidents, William Wallace, elected June, 1814 ; Thomas Elder, elected June 19, 1816 ; Jacob M. Halde- man, elected May 3, 1853 ;_ William M. Kerr, elected Dec. 31, 1856 (died Dec. 17, 1864) ; Jacob S. Haldeman, elected Dec. 28, 1864; Valentine Hummel, elected Jan. 20, 1869 (died Sept. 4, 1870) ; Dr. George W. Eeily , elected Sept. 28, 1870 ; Cashiers, John Downey, elected June, 1814; John Forster, elected April 19, 1815; Henry Walters, elected Nov. 25, 1833; James W. Weir, elected Oct. 30, 1844, serving until his death in April, 1878 ; Jeremiah Uhler, elected April 17, 1878. The institution has a national bank charter of the date of November, 1864, numbered 580, and the name John McCleery, Isaac Hershey, Henry Beader, Robert Harris, Christian Kunkel; John Howard, David Fer- guson, William Wallace, Jacob M. Haldeman, Thomas Brown, John Shoch, Abraham Oves, and Peter Kel- ler. William Wallace, Esq., was elected president, and John Downey cashier. The bank first went into operation at the then residence of its cashier, John Downey, in the building No. 118 South Second Street, a few doors northwest of Cherry Alley. The bank- ing room was in the front part of the building, and the board of directors usually met in the front room Harrisburg Bank changed to Harrisburg National Bank. The Mechanics' Bank was chartered by the State Feb. 8, 1853, with a capital of $50,000. At its organization Philip Dougherty was chosen president, and J. C. Bomberger cashier, Mr. Dougherty died in 1865, when the institution passed into the posses- sion of Mr. Bomberger as sole owner, by whom it has ever since been conducted as an individual bank. The Mechanics' Bank has always sustained the best of credit, and during the financial panic of ten years CITY OP HARRISBURG. 369 ago it passed safely through the crisis unimpaired, and has enjoyed a reputation not excelled by any banking-house in the State. It is located on the southeast corner of Market and Third Streets. FiEST National Bank of Haemsbuiig. — Prior to the war the banking-house of Cameron, Calder, Eby & Co. had been established at the corner of Second and Walnut Streets. In July, 1863, the in- stitution received a national bank charter numbered 201 ; capital stock $100,000. On the 12th of Decem- ber, 1863, the stockholders organized, and on the 1st of January, 1864, commenced business. The bank charter was extended twenty years from the 24th of February, 1883. Dec. 12, 1863, John H. Briggs was elected president ; Jan. 14, 1871, Jacob B,. Eby, and on Jan. 17, 1874, William Calder. Mr. Calder died July 19, 1880, and on the 26th of the same month William W. Jennings was elected president. George H. Small is and has been cashier of the bank from the date of organization. The Faemees' Bank of Haeeisbueg was or- ganized May 6, 1872, as an individual bank, with Daniel Eppley as president, and Frederick C. Fink as cashier. It was chartered under the State laws on the 3d of May, 1873, with a paid-up capital of $100,- 000, the same officers continuing. The banking-house is located on the northeast corner of Market and Third Streets. It has been a successful institution, and maintained the credit of a substantial bank. The Commonwealth Guaeantee Teust and Sape Deposit Company.— This institution was organized on the 16th of August, 1881, with a capital of $250,000. The same year the company secured the building formerly known as Brant's Hall, adjoining the court-house. The main portion of this structure was remodeled from ground-floor to roof. One-half of the first floor is to be occupied by the institution. The room is twenty-eight feet by one hundred and twenty feet. There are two large vaults capable of containing about two thousand two hundred safe-boxes for renters. The vaults are equal to any in the United States in construction for security against burglary or fire. The company have the power and will act as trustee for any purpose whatever, as receiver, assignee, guardian, administrator, and receive money on de- posit and loan money. The safe-box system has been a want long felt in this community for the deposit of valuables, many in adjoining counties having been compelled to go to Philadelphia for similar purposes. The officers are: President, William W. Jennings; Vice-President, William T. Hildrup ; Secretary and Treasurer, William B. Hart ; Directors, Simon Cam- eron, Charles L. Bailey, David Fleming, James Boyd, Lane S. Hart, D. L. Jauss, Charles H. Mullin, David Mayer, Theodore D. Greenawalt, James Young, A. S. Patterson, Isaac Frazer, Spencer C. Gilbert. 24 The Public Buildings of the State. — In the centre of the city, and in the centre of a beautiful park of ten acres, stands prominently the capitol of ■ the Keystone State. It is a plain, substantial brick edifice, erected sixty years ago, at a cost of two hun- dred thousand dollars, — an unexpensive building, it is true, but just as comfortable and just as commo- dious as if it was built of marble at a cost of three or four million dollars. The site is a commanding one, and the park surrounding one of the prettiest in the country. The library of the State is located in the west wing of the capitol building. It contains a law library unsurpassed in the Union. Considering the immense advantages and facilities of the State, the miscellaneous portion of the library is not as great as it ought to be, but through the strenuous efforts of several of the librarians, who have been gentlemen of culture, it contains many books of great value. There being no public library in the city, that of the State is much resorted to by the citizens. Adjoining the legislative halls are the buildings for the differ- ent departments of the State, plain, substantial brick structures. The Executive mansion is on Front Street, north of Pine Street. It is a plain, three-story brick dwell- ing-house. The interior is handsomely furnished. The building was the gift of the city of Harrisburg. In the northeastern part of the city is located the Pennsylvania Lunatic Hospital, the first institution erected by the State. The commonwealth has reason to be proud of its many charitable institutions for the care of the insane poor, and that at Harrisburg still retains its status for efficient and skillful management under Dr. J. Z. Gerhardt, who has been connected with the hospital for several years. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. Haeeisburg Hospital. — On the evening of Dec. 3, 1872, the following gentlemen met in the parlor of the Harrisburg Bank : William Calder, Rudolph F. Kelker, James McCormick, Jr., A. Boyd Hamilton, J. Donald Cameron, James Fleming, William O. Hickok, Herman Alricks, Henry McCormick, Wayne MacVeagh, David Fleming, James W. Weir, and Henry Gilbert, who passed the following resolution : That "William Calder^ Rudolph F. Kelker, James McCormick, A. Boyd Hamilton, and J. Donald Cam- eron take into consideration the subject of a dispen- sary and hospital, and report to a future meeting." From this action, much subsequent conference, great industry, with the cheerful aid of the benevolent citi- zens of Harrisburg, came this hospital. In March, 1873, thirty-nine persons were reported to have contributed $4335. It was determined to apply for a charter, which was granted in May, a part of the present property purchased, and immediate measures taken to prepare it for hospital purposes. It was opened Aug. 4, 1873. The first managers were James McCormick, president ; A. Boyd Hamilton, sec- 370 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY". retary? J. Donald Cameron, David C. Kolp, William Calder, Henry McCormick, Jones Wistar, Rudolph F. Kelker, Robert A. Lamberton, John Curwen, Daniel W. Gross, George W. Reily, with James W. Weir, treasurer. The first patients were received on August 7th ; since to April 1, 1883, there has been treated in the wards 1788; in the dispensary 26,455; and prescriptions filled from 1879, when that service commenced, 89,919. The total cost of maintenance has been upwards of $60,000, and of real estate, alter- ations and new buildings, nearly $65,000, or $125,000 as the actual money cost in ten years. No salaries are paid except to those who are in charge of the hospital, its property and housekeeping. It is able to accommodate comfortably from 50 to 75 patients, for whom every comfort has been provided. Its staff consists of eight physicians, surgeons, and an apothe- cary, a steward, matron, and nurses as required. Its buildings are on Front and Mulberry Sfreets, in the Third Ward, and are an ornament to the city. POST-OFFICE AND POSTMASTERS. From 1789 to 1791 the mails for Harrisburg were served from Lancaster, and possibly those from the West at Carlisle. During the latter year an office was established at Harrisburg, and John Montgomery, SOD of the Rev. Joseph Montgomery, of Paxtang, appointed postmaster. Mr. Montgomery continued in office until the spring of 1793, when he resigned, and John W. Allen, one of the proprietors of the Oracle of Dauphin, was either appointed or held the office ad interim until superseded by John Wyeth. Originally, says Mr. Hamilton, the post-office was " next opposite" the register's office, which then was in Mulberry Street. When Mr. Wyeth was appointed the office was in the building now owned by Fred- erick Gobi, No. 219 South Second Street. In 1799 the Oracle notices the removal of the office to the residence of Mr. Wyeth, " adjoining the Rev. Mr. Snowden, being nearly opposite to where it has been kept for several years." As the Rev. Mr. Snowden then occupied the brick house southwest corner of Mulberry and Second Streets, the " building adjoin- ing" is easily recognized. Mr. Wyeth's successor was John Wright, who was appointed by President John Adams about the year 1798, and resided and kept the office in a two-story frame house located on South Second Street below Chestnut Street, now No. 112, owned by Jacob F. Haehnlen. The salary of the postmaster then was only fifty dollars per annum. Mr. Wright taught a school in connection with the office. He only re- sided there one year, and then removed to South Front Street below Chestnut, in the house now J. Brisben Boyd's, and is No. 111. For some reason he changed his residence the next year to Mulberry Street near Second, upper side, where he resided eleven years, continuing his school, and where some of our older citizens now living received their pre- liminary education. This property was purchased by William Root about the year 1840, who removed the original house, and erected a three-story brick building on the street and a large tinware and stove manufactory on the rear of the lot. At this time the stage stables were located on the corner of River and Cherry Alleys, the site being occupied by the bakery and spice-mill of Mr. Haehn- len at the present time. These stables were subse- quently removed, probably to the east corner of Fifth and Walnut Streets, as they were there many years, and the river was mainly crossed by them at the Upper or Maclay's ferry. These changes may have induced Mr. Wright again to move, for in 1812 his residence and office were at the corner of Front and Walnut Streets, wliere he resided but one year. James McOormick's residence occupies the ground at present. The next location was on Walnut Street near Raspberry Alley, in the house now occupied by Robert Bryson, No. 215. The post-office was kept here eleven years, and it was probably here that Mr. Wright died. As the State Legislature and the public offices were now located here, the business of the office greatly in- creased, and of course more laborious, the salary was m,ade five hundred dollars per annum. During the year 1822, or in 1823, Mrs. Wright, who was con- tinued in office, removed from Walnut Street to l^he southeast corner of Market Square, next door above George Ziegler's tavern. The salary was then raised to nine hundred dollars. Mrs. Wright died here during the year. Mrs. Wright was succeeded by James Peacock, who printed a newspaper called the Pennsylvania Republi- can. He was appointed by President Monroe, about 1823. The Zollinger Brothers now own and occupy the place. Mr. Peacock did not remain in that loca- tion long, but removed the office to the house of Mr. Stine, north corner of Locust and Third Streets, and the year following his office and residence to Front Street above Market, now Mrs. John Haldeman's. It was here that the late James W. Weir served as Mr. Peacock's clerk. Subsequently the office was transferred to the two-story brick house next to Mrs. Mary Hanna's, where Mr. Peacock lived many years. The first time the post-office was separated from the residence of the postmaster was in 1832 or 1833, when Mr. Peacock removed the office from his resi- dence to a room in Mr. Keller's house on Second Street, near Walnut, where it remained several years, when he purchased froni the heirs of Henry Miller the three-story brick house now No. 7 North Market Square. Mr. Peacock was superseded by Isaac G. McKinley, who was appointed by President Polk' in 1845. The office remained there until the appointment of An- drew J. Jones by President Taylor, in 1849, who changed it to the old Pennsylvania Bank, on the south corner of Market- Square, now the site of the First CITY OF HARRISBURG. 371 Presbyterian Church. Here the oflSce remained dur- ing Mr. Jones' term, and also during the four years John H. Brant was postmaster. The latter was ap- pointed in 1852 by President Pierce. In 1856, Dr. George W. Porter was appointed Mr. Brant's successor by President Buchanan. He removed the office to his residence, on Market Street near iFourth Street, now No. 336, where it was continued until the ap- pointment of George Bergner by President Lincoln in 1860, who removed the office to his residence, on Market Street near Third, and next door to the Lochiel Hotel, now 225, where it remained several years, when it was taken to No. 314 Market Street. During the incumbency of President Johnson, Gen. Joseph F. Knipe was honored with the appointment. On the accession, however,_ of Gen. Grant to the Presidency, Mr. Bergner was reinstated in his old position, which he filled until his death, which oc- curred on the 5th of August, 1874, having held the office about eleven years. M. W. McAlarney was shortly after appointed his successor by President Grant, and retains the place at this date. To repeat, the following have been the postmasters at Harrisburg from the establishment of the post- office there : 1. John Montgomery, appointed in 1792. 2. John W. Allen, appointed August, 1793. 3. John Wyeth, appointed October, 1793. 4. John Wright, appointed 1802. 5. Mrs. Wright took the office at his death, in 1814, who held it until 1822, when James Peacock was appointed. 6. James Peacock, who was succeeded in office by the following gentlemen : 7. Isaac G. McKinley. 8. Andrew J. Jones. 9. John H. Brant. 10. Dr. George W. Porter. 11. George Bergner. 12. Gen. Joseph F. Knipe. 13. George Bergner, died in office. 14; Henry Gilbert, ad interim. 15. M, W. McAlarney, the present incumbent. The New Poit-Office Building.— On. the 9th of Feb- uary, 1875, a bill was introduced in the United States Senate appropriating " one hundred and sixty thou- ■ sand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary," for the purchase of a suitable tract of ground for the erection thereon of a post-office and other government offices, which passed Congress and was approved by the President March 4th in the same year, and at. subsequent sessions other appropriations were made to complete the work as money was needed. A com- mission to select a site was appointed, consisting of George Bergner, John J. Pearson, Daniel Eppley, A. Boyd Hamilton, and Henry Gilbert, but their recommendation of a site was not accepted. On the 14th of June, 1875, the Secretary of the Treasury ap- pointed M. W. McAlarney, postmaster, Charles J. Bruner, collector, and additional law judge Hon. Robert M. Henderson a second commission to receive proposals for a site and make recommendations. The commission failed to receive any proposal which came within their instructions, but reported that a great many pieces of ground were offered. Upon the re- ceipt of their report Supervising Architect Potter came to Harrisburg and selected the site at Third and Walnut, after which negotiations with the several ^ owners were continued for eighteen months before the title was secured, and in two cases proceedings in condemnation were had. On the 10th of March, 1873, an act was passed by the Pennsylvania Legisla- ture ceding jurisdiction, etc., of land in Harrisburg for a post-office. Jehu DeHaven, of Harrisburg, was appointed superintendent, James G. Hill, of Wash- ington, architect, and Postmaster McAlarney dis- bursing agent. The superintendent began work in December, 1877, and completed it in December, 1882. On the 10th of May, 1882, the post-office was removed into it from No. 314 Market Street. The building is sixty by one hundred and twenty feet, of three stories with a basement. The foundation of Conewago granite is laid in concrete; from the foundation to the water- table the stone is of Richmond granite, and the super- structure is of Maine granite. The first story is occu- pied by the post-office, the second by collector's offices and offices of the railway mail service, and the third story contains a court-room and rooms for the officers of the court. The wood-work is of oak, the court- room is wainscoted eight feet high with Tennessee marble, and all the offices and rooms contain mantles of marble or wood of elegant design. It is heated with hot water. The cost of the site for the post- office was one hundred and ten thousand seven hun- dred dollars, that of construction two hundred and ninety thousand dollars, making a total of a little over four hundred thousand dollars. The edifice, plain in its massiveness, is one of the most substantial structures in the country, and a credit to all concerned in its erection. Dauphin Cottnty Histomcal Society. — A pre- liminary meeting to take measures to organize a his- torical society was held on the evening of May 10, 1869. At a subsequent meeting, held in the lecture- room of the Market Square Presbyterian Church, a constitution and by-laws were adopted and signed, and an election for officers held. Upon application to the commissioners of the county a room in the court-house was secured for their use, subsequently fitted up, and where the society has ever since held its meetings and preserved its already valuable library. Files of all the newspapers of the county are kept and properly bound, and its collection of newspapers is a special feature. The society was in- corporated in January, 1870, and measures have been adopted to the end that whatever may be donated to the society will be permanently preserved. What is needed is a fire-proof building for its valuable collec- 372 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. tion of manuscripts, books, and papers. Its officers are A. Boyd Hamilton, president; Hamilton Alricks and Daniel Eppley, vice-presidents; Rev. Thomas H. Robinson, D.D., corresponding secretary ; George Wolf Buehler, recording secretary ; John B. Cox, treasurer, and William H. Egle, M.D., librarian. Pennsylvania State Ageicultueal Society. — On the 21st of January, 1851, there were called to- gether delegates to the number of over three hun- dred, representing nearly every county in the State, by an address signed by James Gowen, A. L. Elwyn, Samuel G. Ford, Algernon S. Roberts, and John Price Wetherill, all leading agriculturists. This con- vention of farmers met in the court-house. Gen. James Irwin, of Centre County, being temporary chairman, and Hon. George W. Woodward perma- nent president. A constitution was adopted, which has not been substantially amended or changed since its original adoption, and the society was incorporated by an act of the Legislature approved 29th of March, 1851. The following gentlemen have filled the office of president: 1861-54, Frederick Watts; 1855-56, James Gowen; 1857-59, David Taggart; 1860-61, Jacob S. Haldeman; 1862-64, Thomas P. Knox; 1865-68, A. Boyd Hamilton ; 1869, Amos E. Kapp ; 1870-71, John C. Morris; 1872-74, Jacob R. Eby; 1875, George Scott ; 1877, John W. Hammond ; 1879 -80, William S. Bissell ; 1881, John C. Morris ; 1882- 83, James Miles. The other officers of the society, who have filled the positions for a long period, have been : Corresponding Secretary, Elbridge McConkey ; Recording Secretary, D. W. Seller; Treasurer, John B. Rutherford; Chem- ist and Geologist, Professor A. L. Kennedy ; Librarian, William H. Egle, M.D. Exhibitions have been held by the society at Har- risburg, 1851, 1855, 1868, 1869; Lancaster, 1852, 1875; Pittsburgh, 1853, 1856, 1858, 1867, 1881, 1882 ; Phila- delphia, 1854, 1857, 1859, 1879, 1880; Wyoming, 1860; Norristown, 1863; Easton, 1864, 1866, 1874; Williamsport, 1875; Scranton, 1870, 1871; Erie, 1872, 1873, 1877, 1878. This society is second to none other in the United States, offering premiums during the past four years averaging over $50,000. FOURTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1880. Dauphin County. Population by (owjisAips, etc. Berrysburg borough 476 Conewago township 895 Dauphin borough 713 Berry township 2,013 East Hanover township I,6:j7 Gratz borough 409 Halifax borough '. 5tj6 Halifax township 1,406 Harrisburg City 30,762 Ward 1 3,282 " 2 2,476 " 3 2,637 " 4 3,448 " 5 ; 3,308 " 6 5,665 " 7 3,811 " 8 3,198 " 9 2,947 Hummelstown borough 1,943 Jacicson township 1,191 JefTerson township 369 Londonderry township 2,024 Lower Paxtang township 1,615 Lower Swatara township 1,501 Lykens borough 2,154 Lykens township 1,256 Middle Paxtang township 1,443 Hiddletown borough 3,351 Middle Ward 947 North Ward 1,183 South ward : 1,221 Mifflin township 647 Millersburg borough 1,440 Beed township 324 Rush township 124 Smith Hanover township 1,205 Steelton borough 2,447 Susquehanna township 2,4li Uniontown borough 2,841 Upper Paxtang 'township 367 "Washington township 1,543 Wayne township 1,420 West Hanover township 677 Wic-onisco township 2,130 Williams township 2,764 Eaee. White 72,364 Colored 3,730 Chinese 4 Nativity. Native 71,840 Foreign 4,308 Native and Foreign. Borii in Pennsylvania 68 199 *' New York '264 " New Jersey 164 " Maryland 1 450 " Ohio 'ie2 " Virginia 979 " British America 50 " England and Wales 971 " Ireland 1^130 " Scotland 81 " German Empire 1 816 " France ' 49 " Sweden and Norway 9 School, military and cUizenBhip, ages, etc. Male 37,657 Female 38,691 5 to 17 years, male n 342 " female '.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'. ll!345 18 to 44 yeare, male 14 997 21 years and over, male 18*888 Farm areas ami farm values, Farms 2,702 Improved lands (acres) 137 i43 Value of farms, etc §15 974'9[5 Value of farming implements '.560^200 Value of live-stock 1 083*376 Cost of building, etc., 1879 ', ' 88*412 Cost of fertilizers purchased, 1879 74770 Estimated value of products sold, 1879 1 865*462 ADDENDA. The Dauphin Deposit Bank was chartered in 1838, and for many years was successfully managed by James McCormick as president and Robert J. Ross as cashier. Upon Mr. Ross' death, J. Monroe Kreiter was elected cashier, and in 1869, James Mc- Cormick, Jr. Henry McCormick succeeded his father as president in 1870. Upon the expiration of the charter, in 1874, it was continued by the McCormick estate as a private bank. It is one of the most reliable institutions in the State. The YotnsTG Men's Christian Association was organized Dec. 12, 1854. The first rooms of the asso- ciation were on the second story of then Kelker's building, northeast corner of Market Street and River Alley ; from thence they removed to Flem- ing's building (College Block), and finally into their own building, purchased from the McCormick estate, on the corner of Second and Locust Streets. The building contains a large public hall, a gymnasium, library-room, rooms for committees, etc. The presi- dents of the association have been: John W. Simon- ton, 1855-56; R. F. Kelker, 1856-57; Charles A. Hay, D.D., 1857-58; H. Mundy Graydon, 1858-59; Robert A. Lamberton, LL.D., 1859-60; George Cunkle, 1860- 61 ; James Oalder, D.D., 1861-62; W. C. Cattell, D.D., 1862-64; R. A. Martin, M.D., 1864-65; T. H. Robin- son, D.D., 1865-66 ; James McCormick, 1866-67 ; Rev. Martin Stutzman, 1867 ; S. S. Shultz, M.D., 1867-68 Jacob F. Seller, 1868-71; S. K. Dietrich, 1871-72 John E. Patterson, 1872-74 ; David C. Kolp, 1874^76 S. J. M. McCarrell, 1876-78 ; G. M. McCauley, 1878- 81; H. Pitcairn, M.D., 1881-82; John C. Harvey, 1882-84. The Home foe the Fbiendless is one of the city's noble charities. The building, an extensive one, is situate on the corner of Fifth and Muench Streets. Old. and young are alike cared for, the latter properly educated. The institution is dependent upon the charity especially of the different evangeli- cal denominations of Christians, although all creeds are alike admitted. It is deserving of the hearty and earnest support of the community. Mrs. Ellen R. Rutherford is president, and Mrs. David Fleming secretary. 373 MIDDLETOWJNT BOROUGH. MiDDLETOWN, SO Called from its being located mid- way between Lancaster and Carlisle, is a post-town and borough. It is the oldest town in the county, having been laid out thirty years before Harrisburg, and seven years before Hummelstown. It is located nine miles by the turnpike southeast of Harrisburg, near the confluence of the Susquehanna and Swatara, at which point the Pennsylvania and Union Canals unite. Its site was that of an ancient Indian village founded by the Susquehanna nation. There must have been settlements of importance in this locality earlier than 1720, as preparations had been made by the Presbyterians to erect places of worship about that period. The population was so numerous that a de- mand for a provincial road was made in 1731. One was finally located in 1736 from Lancaster to Ship- pensburg, connecting with the one between Philadel- phia and Lancaster. That portion of it from the Swatara to Harris' Ferry is still in use, clear of modern improvements, — of turnpike, canal, or railway. In 1723 the family of Conrad Weiser, with about twenty other families, from the Province of New York, leaving Schoharie wended their way in a south- western direction, traveling through the foi-est, till they reached the Susquehanna Eiver, where they made canoes, freighted them with their families, and floated down the river to the mouth of Swatara Creek, and thence worked their way up till they reached a fertile spot on Tulpehocken Creek, in Berks County, where they settled. In 1732 the provincial land-office was opened for the sale of patents. Previously, several pioneers, the ancestors of a cultivated and patriotic race, "rough Irish," as Logan, Penn's man of all work, wrote of them, made " claim of settlement," at or near the mouth of the Swatara; principally along the southern part of its valley. When the land-office was prepared for business, four hundred and twenty-three acres, at the mouth of the Swatara, was in the possession of Jacob Job, acquired from a previous owner, " one An- derson." Job was a merchant of Philadelphia, who had acquired his right in adjusting a mercantile ven- ture with a trader of the border. On the 14th day of May, 1743, Edward Smout, deputy surveyor under Blunston, surveyor for Lan- caster County, surveyed for John Fisher, of Philadel- phia, "in right of Jacob Job, a tract of land situate in the township of Paxtang, in the county of Lan- 374 caster, beginning at a W. O. a corner of Sa Keark- patrick ; thence S. 21 degrees W. 270 pchs. to a W. O. standing on the side of Swaterah creek; thence by the corses of ye said creek 169 pchs. to Susquehannah ; thence up Susquehannah river by the corses of ye s'd river 184 ps. to W. H. a corner of Sa Means land ; thence N. 20 degrees E. 349 phs. to a B. O. ; thence E. 96 ph. to a H. in Will. Kearkpatrick's line ; thence S. 20 deg. E. 50 phs. to a B. O. s'd Will. Kearkpat- rick's corner ; thence along s'd Kearkpatrick's line N. 70 deg. E. 122 pchs. to a W. O. the place of begin- ning, containing 423 A. 50 pchs., and the allowance of 6 p. c. for roads and highways." On the draft by Smout, it is noted that this tract was " claimed by what I can find settled about four- teen years ago by one Anderson (who before I know not), from whence this wright proceeds." Now, four- teen years before 1742 would show " claim" as early as 1728. As has been stated, the locality began to assume importance as a frontier settlement before that. Smout's survey states that Samuel Means was a land- owner on the west line and up the river ; that Samuel and William Kirkpatrick owned on the north ; east was " Cooper's land by wright of Stewart." These names are found on the assessments of 1750, by which time the Coopers had established themselves on the east bank of the Swatara. The Cooper tract com- prised 268 acres. The south line of the. survey is carried four thou- sand five hundred and five feet, or nearly a mile, when it intersects the Swatara; following its west or right bank, two thousand seven hundred and eighty- nine feet, to its confluence with the Susquehanna Eiver; thence up the Susquehanna three thousand and thirty-six feet, to nearly the norbh point of the present South Ward of the borough of Middletown. This survey is a copy of the original, indorsed " Lan- caster, No. 98, May 22, 1782, Jno. Lukens, Sy. G." The claim of Job came into possession of John Fisher in 1742. Its history has been preserved by no less an individual than Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Some years after Fisher became possessed of his "right," a dispute arose between the Proprietary land-offlce and the settlers on the Susquehanna and Swatara, mostly Scotch-Irish, respecting the charges for fees and in- terest in that important department. It brought the present site of Middletown into the controversy of MIDDLETOWN BOROUGH. 375 1756. It was used as an illustration of the grasping and despotic tendency of the heirs of Penn, who then claimed to own the fee of all the land in Pennsyl- vania. In the appendix to his "Historical Review," Franklin states " that John Fisher in right of Jacob Job purchased 423 acres and 53 perches of land in Paxtang township, Lancaster County," under a war- rant dated March 19, 1742, issued to said Job. Fisher was called upon to pay at the land-office " for the land, with ten years' interest, and other charges to Feb. 20, 1747," £141 4s. 6d. Fisher having also " pur- chased of Thomas Cooper 268 acres, adjoining on the east," was also called upon to pay for that £78 18«. lid., a gross sum of £212 13s. 7d., about $593. Franklin then says, " The purchaser not being akill'd in Accounts, but amazed at the Sum, apply'd to a Friend to examine this account." The friend thus " rendering willing aid," showed by his computation that the Propietaries, through the land department, had overcharged Fisher on Job's tract £67 8s. lid. ; on Cooper's £24 3s. 3|d, in all above the rates fixed by the rule of the office, £91 lis. 4i\d. Dr. Franklin proceeds to argue, that " the for- tunes of the heirs of William Penn will in a few years be beyond computation." His estimate of value in 1756 was nearly £2,000,000 sterling (10,000,000 dol- lars), and increasing at the rate of 15 per cent, a year. This astonishing assertion made a great sensation, but it seems to have been entirely correct. The "Anderson Job tract" is the one upon which Middletown stands. The " Cooper tract," or part of it, is in the borough also. John Fisher, a Philadel- phia Quaker, appears to have given it to his son, George Fisher, about 1754. Samuel Means and Wil- liam Kirkpatrick, adjoining owners, are on the tax- list for 1749-50. Fisher is not, until 1755-56. The land was heavily timbered, as was the whole Swatara region, with "fine oak, hickory, walnut, chestnut, locust, poplar, and laurel trees." It continued to be so until about the beginning of the present century, when George Frey had " clearing done on the McClena- ghan farm," formerly Kirkpatrick's, the tract north of Middletown. As early as 1750, certainly, and for some years pre- viously, population grew apace in the immediate vicinity of the mouth of the Swatara Creek. The locality was known to the provincial rulers as the " South End of Paxtang township, Lancaster County." On Feb. 24, 1747, John, Thomas, and Richard Penn, Proprietaries of the Province, by patent granted to John Fisher, merchant of Philadelphia, six hun- dred and ninety-one acres and fifty-three perches of land and the usual allowance. The said John Fisher and Grace, his wife, on Jan. 27, 1759, granted unto George Fisher, their youngest son, the above land. Upon this tract the said George Fisher laid out the town of Middletown. The date of its laying out is in doubt. Some fix the time at 1755, others, 1756y and Hon. R. J. Fisher, of York, a descendant of the original proprietor, puts it in 1766. If George Fisher laid it out in 1755 or 1756, he must have entered upon the lands of his father for that purpose, as the title did not vest in him till 1759. On the other hand, there is evidence that the town was in existence before 1766, for the first deed on record for propeVty in its limits was given by Fisher and bis wife to Peter Spangler, March 1, 1761, for lot No. 18. The consid- eration was " seven shillings and sixpence and one English copper farthing, to be paid annually on the first day of May. The grantee was to build on the lot a good " substantial dwelling-house of the breadth of twenty feet, and of the depth of twenty feet, with a good substantial chimney, within the space of twelve months." No deeds refer to any point indi- cating its laying out prior to 1760, and that, no doubt, was the year in which the land was divided into lots, for George Fisher, as we have seen, did not come into possession of the land before 1759, and it probably required some time to perfect his plans for the town and place the lots in the market. The parties en- gaged in laying it out did not use a surveyor's chain, but a marked rope, which in dragging over the wet grass and then drying made a variation as it alter- nately stretched or contracted, thus causing a differ- ence in the size of the lots. The location of the town — all the territory lying near the mouth of the Swa- tara being known as Middletown — held out so many advantages to the pioneers that the place grew rap- idly. From the head of the river to this point navi- gation was comparatively safe, but in consequence of the numerous and dangerous falls, it was supposed the Susquehanna could not be navigated below the Swatara. This being the southern limit of navigation, all the marketable produce of the Susquehanna and its tributaries was brought here for sale and distrib- uted, and a brisk trade sprang up, Which extended not only to the surrounding country but even to Maryland and Virginia. The Germans, who suc- ceeded the Scotch-Irish settlers, lacked the spirit and enterprise of their predecessors,' and Harrisburg, though some years the junior of Middletown, and with fewer natural advantages, outstripped it in growth and population. The trade of Middletown, however, exceeded that of any other point on the river. This town was a depot for Hessian prisoners during the Revolution, and a commissary department was established here. After the Revolution trade greatly revived, and flourished extensively until 1796, when it gradually declined. Until then the mouth cif tlie Swatara was considered the termination of the Susquehanna and its^tributary streams. So far down it was considered safe, below this it was believed to be impracticable, on account of the numerous and dangerous cataracts impeding its bed. In 1796 an enterprising German milkr named Kreider, from the neighborhood of Huntingdon, on the Juniata, arrived in the Swatara 376 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN. COtTNTY. In an ark, fully freighted with flour, with which he safely descended to Baltimore, where he was amply compensated for his adventure. His success becom- ing known throughout the interior, many arks were built, and the next year this mode of transportation became established. This trade increasing, a number of enterprising young men were induced to examine critically the river from the Swatara to tide- water, by which they became excellent pilots. The enter- prise of John Kreider thus diverted the trade of this place to Baltimore, where it principally centred until the Union Canal was completed in 1827, when it was again generally arrested at its old post. It would probably have so continued if the Pennsylva- nia Canal had not been continued to Columbia, by which the principal obstruction in the river, the Conewago Falls, was completely obviated. A large trade, however, in lumber and other articles of pro- duce is still intercepted here, supplying the valleys of the Swatara, Quitopahilla, Tulpehocken, and the Schuylkill. For a long period it was the great timber and lum- ber mart of the Susquehanna River. Every spring and fall the mouth of the Swatara was crowded with rafts and arks loaded with boards, shingles, grain, whiskey, plaster, and other marketable products of the up-river country, and not only was the mouth filled, but the shores of the river some distance below and for two miles above the " point," were lined with every kind of river craft. During the rafting season all was bustle and activity, and the handling, counting, and measuring of the lumber, grain, etc., gave employment to large numbers of men, some of whom came from great distances to work, returning to their homes when the busy season was over. The spring and fall freshets were harvest times for the merchants and tavern-keepers. Laborers were in de- mand and received good wages, and most of them were liberal patrons of the stores and inns. The "Yankees," as all the up-river men were styled, were generally a boisterous class, and when released from the restraint of their homes usually took a spree, spending their hard earnings freely, but before re- turning to their families laid in a supply of the neces- saries for home consumption sufficient to last until they could make another trip. A row of store-houses lined the road facing the Swatara (some of which have been converted into dwelling-houses and are still standing, but so changed in appearance as not to be recognized), and these were frequently filled from cellar to earret with grain, whiskey, etc. These articles, with lumber of all kinds, were transported ifi wagons from this point in every direction, teams coming from Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. After Kreider had succeeded in running the falls with boats, Thomas Burbridge, a merchant of Wy- oming, in the following year .(1797) freighted and ran in one season ninety-nine arks loaded with coal, a few of which failed to reach their destination for want of skillflil pilots. Much of the trade with this place was carried on in keel-boats (or Durham boats, as they were sometimes called after their first pro- jector), and they were the only ones that ascended and descended the Susquehanna. These boats were fifty or sixty feet in length and about nine in width, and required a crew of eight expert polemen and a steersman to each boat. Considerable trading was done by these boats during their trips. Their ap- proach to the villages along their route was signaled by the blowing of a horn, and those who were de- sirous of making purchases or of disposing of any surplus products were offered an opportunity. In order to avoid the rapids known as the " Conewago Falls," a short canal was made, reaching from the head of the falls to York Haven, on the York County side of the river. This enabled these small boats to pass up and down in safety, but on the com- pletion of the Pennsylvania Canal that channel was abandoned, and York Haven, which at one time promised to be a place of note, was " finished." The Scotch-Irish settled here first, but they were unable to succeed in farming as against the German immi- grants, who soon got " forehanded" where the former could not make a living. Then again, there began to be intermarrying between the young people of the two nationalities, which displeased the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, who gradually sold out their posses- sions and moved away. The first tax-list of the town is that of the Revolu- tionary period, probably 1778 : Thomas Foot. Philip Weirig. Joseph Singleton. Christian Koth. Widow McKinley. Christian King. David Ettley. Felty Welker. Philip Polemore. Dr. Robert Kennedy. Christian Hebright, Frederick Lebernick. George Snodgrans. George Frey, John Still. John Backenstos. Christian Sea.bough. George Lawman. Henry Moyer. Margaret Ealm. Samuel Sereatzey. Philip Shokin. Albright Swinford. Christian Shertz. Abraham Dearr. Thomas Orabb. Mark Snider. Michael Gross. Jacob Walter. Conroad Waulfley. Peter Shuster. Patrick Scott. John Snyder. Adam Miller. Peter Keigard. Peter Miller. Ulrich Frain. Philip Ettley. Henry Shafner. Frederick Hubley. Henry Harris. Daniel Daudle. Jacob Bater. Thomas Minshall. Matthew Caldhood. "William Eackins. George Mitzgar. Jacob King. Nicholas Castle. Dr. John Laning. Philip Craft. Jacob Creamer. Christian Spade. Seimon Snyder. Ludwick Hemberly. William Wall. Abraham Gross. John Moyer. Jacob Snyder. The following is a list of the taxables in Middletown in 1782 : Moore, Thomas H., 2 stills. Wickersbam, Ab,, 10 acres. Wolfley, Conrad, 20 acres. Frey, George, 40 acres. Castle, Nicholas. Patlmore, Philip. MIDDLEUOWN BOKOUGH. 377 Crabb, William. Shaffner, Henry. Bombach, Conrad, 5 acres. Davia, Henry. Scott, Patrick. Defrance, John. Dowdio, Daniel, a tan-yard. Harrigan, Patrick. Gross, Abram. Gross, Michael. Gregg, Joseph. HoUenbach, John. Miusker, Thomas. McCann, Henry. Shirts, Christian, 10 acres. Conrad, Michael. Miller, Adam. Myer, Henry. Shuster, Peter. King, Christian, 73 acres. Lowman, George. Walker, Valentine. Farr, Abram, a tan-yard. Shertzer, Samuel. Shoky, George, 70^ acres. Jamison, Alexander. Seebaugh, Christian. Hemperly, Martin. Harris, Henry. Shaffner, Henry. Cryder, Christian. Wells, William, 5 acres. Hubley, Frederick, 1}^ acres, a tan- Barnet, John, yard. Bickert, Peter. Bolinger, Emanuel. Crabb, Thomas. Backenstoe, John, 5 acres. McClure, David. Minsker, John, 2J^ acres. Parks, Samuel. Tebemak, Frederick, 71 acres. Lipse, Anthony. Miller, Jacob. Lenning, Dr. John. Suader, .Tacob. Conn, Daniel. Hemperly, Irndwig. Kennedy, Eobert. Space, Christian. Kissinger, John. Graft, Philip. Sneider, Mark. Bydle, Michael. Gross, George, Jr. Lytle, John, 1 servant. Atlee, David, silversmith. Hepick, Christopher. Atlee, Philip. Cremer, Eliiiabeth. Sneagonce, George. Miller, Peter. Gross, George, Sr. Sueider, John, a tan-yard. The highest valuation is that of George Frey, eight hundred dollars. He returned five horses and nine cows. George Fisher lived until his death near the town, on a well-cultivated farm which has been in the fam- ily since 1750, in the centre of a large tract of land bounded by the Su.squehanna and Swatara, conveyed to him by his father, John Fisher, a noted merchant of Philadelphia. The proprietor being a Friend, sev- eral Quakers from Philadelphia and the lower coun- ties followed him, and these, with several Scotch-Irish merchants, formed the first inhabitants of the village, who enjoyed up to the period of the Revolution a very extensive and lucrative trade with the Indians and others settled on the upper Susquehanna and Juniata, and also with the Western traders. The Scoth-Irish merchants mostly followed the emigration southward. Jeremiah Job was the first actual settler on the lands composing what is now the town. In 1805 and 1806 two of his daughters, aged maiden ladies, Polly and Sally, taught school here. John Benner is the oldest male person living here born in the town, and Mrs. Critson and the mother of Dr. John Eing- land the oldest female residents born here. John Benner was born Oct. 1, 1797, in a house on the Lan- caster turnpike, near the bridge, where the widow of Edward Fisher lives. He is the son of John and Mary (Seabauch) Benner, and the former was born at Warwick Furnace, in Chester County, and was the son of an emigrant who came from Germany about 1761. John Benner, Sr., used to keep the Chambers ferry between Middletown and Harrisburg, and after- wards the ferry on Swatara Creek. He died in 1802. John Benner, the venerable octogenarian of eighty- five years, learned the cooper's trade with Conrad Seabauch, his uncle. The first cooper here was Wil- liam Wandlass, a Scotchman, who opened a shop in 1769, and with whom Conrad Seabauch learned his trade. Wandlass was succeeded in his shop by Elisha Green. When Emanuel Bollinger, a Revolutionary soldier, came here there were but four persons buried in the old (first) Lutheran graveyard. Christian Sea- bauch, the maternal grandfather of John Benner, was the first hatter in town, and Jacob Shertz the first blacksmith. Prior to the Misses Job, Jacob Peeler, a nail-maker, taught school in 1808 and 1809. The first tavern was kept where Eife's Corner is, and long after it was built a Mr. Crabb was its landlord. About 1800, Charles Wade kept an inn at the east end of town, and about the same time George Shuler kept one. The Washington House was built before 1836, when Peter Young, who had previously kept tavern on Swatara Hill, became its landlord. In 1807 the only store was kept by John Landis, on Main Street, where Eminger's grocery is, and to show the amount of his business, it is related that Conrad Seabauch, the cooper, made for Mr. Landis in one year nine hundred (fifty pound) firkins in which to pack the butter taken in at the store. The first store kept in town was that of George Frey, whose clerk, Christoph Frederick Oberlander, afterwards became his partner. Oberlander was born Jan. 15, 1748, and died Oct. 21, 1795. The first regular lumber-yard was kept by Enoch Skeer, whose lumber was piled under and around a tree to keep the high waters from carrying it off. The next to embark in this trade was John Snyder. John Smith about 1809 dealt largely in plaster, and also kept a hotel. Sometimes as high as fort7 teajns were here at one time to get plaster, then the sine qua non for enriching lands. Jacob Rife, Sr., purchased what is known as the Keystone Tannery in 1830, and it has been carried on by him or his sons for nearly fifty years. Between 1810 and 1825, John Snyder had a pottery on the corner of the square where Ringland's drug-store was. Among the earliest physicians here were Dr. Eo- mer, who located before 1770, and Dr. Charles Fisher, who was born Sept. 8, 1766, and died May 8, 1808. Dr. James McCammon began practicing at the be- ginning of the century, having been born in 1778, and died Nov. 7, 1813. Contemporaneous with him was Dr. Abraham Price. He was born April 27, 1787, and died April 3, 1821. A little later was Dr. Abraham McClelland, who died Oct. 20, 1828, aged thirty-seven years. Dr. Mercer Brown, long in prac- tice, was born Feb. 22, 1795, and died Feb. 9, 1871. Dr. Benjamin J. Wiestling is the oldest living prac- titioner here now, having been over forty years in continuous practice. Dr. Meyrick practiced from about 1795 to 1815, and Dr. Simonton read medicine with him. 378 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. On May 25, 1811, the yearly market at Middletown was first advertised to commence June 11th follow- ing, at which time and place a great number of valu- able horses, cows, sheep, lambs, calves, and hogs, with many other articles, such as pickled oysters, roast beef, punch, and wine, were to be offered for sale. These "old-time fairs" were noted days in the town and vicinity. The whole place would ring with drums, banjos, bagpipes, trumpets, fiddlers, and fifes, besides many other noises. The " Square" was the grand centre of attraction for the multitude of strangers and citizens. In one place might be seen the juggler performing all manner of tricks ; in an- other rope-dancers were pirouetting; in still another anacondas, tame elephants, learned dogs, and a host of other rare and curious animals were exhibited. These, however, were only accessories and adjuncts to the fair, which, in truth, was a great commercial mart, where goods and chattels of almost every kind were sold, from a hank of yarn to a mammoth bull. In several parts of the Square booths of entertainment were erected, where revelry, mirth, and feasting were indulged in with a degree of license unknown at other times and seasons. In other booths again the more staid farmers and the large households that they brought with them could provide themselves with Ibod at a reasonable price and in a decent manner. Through the streets and alleys in the neighborhood of the Square would float a mixed multitude of all sorts, — buyers, sellers, minstrels, musicians, old women, beautiful girls, young children, "Yankees'," wagoners, all jostling, bustling, talking, laughing, singing, and joking in the utmost good humor. So demoralizing, however, did these fairs ^become that they were ex- pressly forbidden by law. The following persons " took out licenses to keep houses of public entertainment" in Middletown from. 1793 to 1803, and some of them continued to do so many years after : Henry Moore, Ludwick Wolfley , Peter Kipe, John McCann, George McCormick, Fred- erick Eothfong, John Blattenberger, Christian Eod- fong, Michael Hemperly, John McCammon, William Orabb, Benjamin McKinley, John Benner, John Smith, George Toot. Poet Eoyal.— On the 29th of January, 1774, a patent was issued to William Breden for eighty-seven acres and one-half of an acre, which hfe located at the mouth of the Swatara. On the 10th of May, 1774, Breden sold this land to Henry Wearer, " miller," of Caernarvon township, Lancaster Co., Elijah Wicker- sham, merchant, and Joseph Leacock, of Philadelphia, as tenants in common. They laid out a town, naming it Port Royal, into four hundred and sixteen lots. On June 15, 1774, Leacock sold his interest to Wearer and Wickersham, and upon the same day Wearer' and Wickersham made an equitable division of the Ibts between them. Each took alternate lots. Wearer got two hundred and eleven lots and Wickersham tw^o hundred and five, with a large lot on Salmon Street. There is no record as to when the property passed out of the hands of Wearer and Wickersham, but it is presumed that they did not sell fast enough to reim- burse them for their outlay, and that they were sold out by the sheriff. After the river became a highway for the transportation of merchandise in arks and keel-boats to the mouth of the Swatara, thence over- land to Philadelphia and Baltimore, Port Royal was an important point, and was likely to grow very rap- idly. The construction of a canal around Conewago Falls, through which keel-boats passed down the river, destroyed its business prospects. Middletown, being a short distance up the Swatara, and much more free from the bad effects of miasma, held its own, and kept Port Royal in the background. A large portion of the lots in Port Royal came into the possession of a Miss Loraine, of Clearfield County, who held them until a few years ago. The records of title will probably show how she became possessed of them, and trace back to Wearer and Wickersham. Harboeton. — In 1809, George Fisher, son of the founder of Middletown, laid out a town at the mouth of the Swatara, naming it Harborton. It embraced only a narrow strip of land along the creek. His advertisement reads, — " HAEfiOKTON. " The subscriber havlDg laid out a uew town at the confluence of the Swatara with the Susquehanna, in the county of Dauphin, proposes to dispose of the lots at sixty dollars each, when deeds in fee-Bimple are delivered for them. As the object of the proprietor is to promote im- mediate improvement and not present emolument, and as many of the lots will now sell for from one hundred to three hundred doJlars, and none of less value than forty dollars, the preference will he determined by drawing the several numbers from a wheel. " The navigation of the Susquehanna thus far down is perfectly safe; but from this to Columbia, a distance of twenty-one miles, it is ob- structed by the Swatara and Conewago Falls and many other rapids, so as to render it precarious and hazardous, and sometimes impracticable. " The well-known harbor formed by the mouth of Swatara is not only the most capacious, but the only safe one on the river, and as produce to more than a million of dollars annually floats down the Susquehanna, a great proportion of which, it is presumed, will be transported from here to the Philadelphia market on the turnpike road now making and nearly completed to Lancaster, a distance of twenty-four miles, and the contemplated Canal from the Susquehanna to the Schuylkill, which will enter the harbor through this town. The extensive command of water here for the turning of mill machinery and other water-works, and its vicinity to the great iron-works owned by Messrs. Coleman Sc Grubb, added to the facility with which an abundant supply of coal of the Sus- quehanna and Juniata may be had, when ail combined, will fully justify the assertion that no town on the Susquehanna offers more advantages, nor none more certain prospects of gain to the enterprising merchant and mechanic than this. " The site is an inclined plain, gradually rising from the margin of a bank from ten to fifteen feet above low water to a summit of fifty feet, commanding many beautiful prospects, as well land as water, and is as healthy as any on the river. " Tickets may be had of the subscriber, and at other places, where plans of the town may be seen. " Georqe- Pisheb. " Feb. 16, 1809." On the 17th of March, 1814, George Fisher and wife conveyed to John Swar, of Lancaster County, that portion of " a certain tract of two hundred and twenty-five acres on Which the town Of PortsmoutTi is laid off." John Swar and Anna, his wife, con- MIDDLETOWN BOROUGH. 379 veyed the lots to different parties at different times. Portsmouth lay between Middletown and the Susque- hanna, and in it the Union 4!anal, the Pennsylvania, the Harrisburg and Lancaster Railroads all inter- sected. On March 9, 1857, Portsmouth, then having a population of seven hundred and fifty, was consoli- dated with Middletown. " Feey's Mill."— This mill was begun and parti- ally constructed by John Hollingsworth'and John Fisher. On Dec. 21, 1784, HoUingsworth and Frey entered into articles of agreement to build a mill (probably the one partially begun by Fisher), and to carry on a general milling business in manu- facturing " flour, middling, shorts, stuffs, etc." They had bought of John Fisher four acres and twenty-five perches, including some improvements, for five hundred pounds. HoUingsworth agreed to furnish all the casks, do all the buying of grain, and perform certain other stipulations, while Frey contracted not to retail any flour, shorts, etc., from his store, so the mill could have all such pur- chasers. Matters progressed awhile favorably, but in 1787 there was some difficulty between the part- ners, and HoUingsworth, by his attorney, Thomas Hartley, brought suit for a partition of the premises in the Dauphin Common Pleas Court. The latter re- ferred the case to the Supreme Court without decid- ing it, the judges being Timothy Green, John Glonin- ger, and Jonathan McClure. The suit was docketed in the Supreme Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania at the September term, 1787, wherein " Hon. Thomas McKean, Esq., Doctor of Laws, chief justice, and his associate justices of the common- wealth of Pennsylvania" were the court. The case was not finally decided until the Nisi Prim term held at Louisburgh in 1790, when Frey gained the case, and a partition was refused. HoUingsworth had many creditors clamorous for pay, and not having probably complied with all the stipulations of his contract with Frey, the latter had counter-claims, and assigned claims of Hollingsworth's creditors to eat up his (Hollingsworth's) part. Thus Frey became the sole owner. He had great trouble in building the race, a mile and a half in length. The mill was built first. When the race and dam were completed the race was found not to be deep enough to carry the water, so Frey had again to go to the Legislature for another permit to make it larger. This was given on the condition that he secured the assent in writing (as in the first instance) t)f all the owners of lands or lots through which it passed. This he did, and at last success crowned his efforts. The King's Highway.— This old road from Phila- delphia to the Ohio River passed through Middletown and formed what is now Main Street. The line is now occupied by the Lancaster and Middletown Turnpike Company, which has its western terminus about the "run" at the west end of the town, where it connects with the Middletown and Harrisburg Turnpike. "The King's Highway" was laid out about 1730. Over this thoroughfare nearly all the travel between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh passed. After the above-named turnpike companies were in- corporated they adopted a large portion of the old road as their line. The macadamizing of the road enabled much greater loads to be taken than before. Dry-goods, groceries, etc., were loaded at Philadel- phia in large wagons, called " Pitt" or " Conestoga" wagons, hauled by teams of six horses, and delivered at Pittsburgh or intermediate points, and returned laden with Western produce, such as flour, bacon, feathers, and whiskey. The time occupied by the wagons for the round trip between these two cities was usually from six to eight weeks, according to the condition of the roads. Passengers and' mails were drawn in stages by four horses, relays of which were provided at regular stations some miles apart. They were generally driven at a rapid rate, and the distance between here and Philadelphia was made in two days. The coaches held nine passengers inside, with room for one on the outside with the driver. The mail- bags occupied a recess beneath the driver's seat, and the baggage was stored in the "boot" at the back of the stage. MlDDLETOWi^ IN 1807. — Cuming, in his " Sketches of a Tour to the Western Country," in 1807, made on foot from Philadelphia to the Mississippi frontier, printed at Pittsburgh, 1810, has something to say of Middletown and the King's Highway : "Jan. 30, 1807, 1 proceeded for Middletown, eight miles farther (from Elizabethtown), first loading one barrel of my gun with a running ball, as I had to pass near where one Eshelman waa robbed and murdered last fall (1806). The road over the Conewago Hills was bad. It was dark before I arrived at Swatara Creek. The boat was on the other side of the creek, and the German family at the ferry-house let me kick my heels at the door until I was quite chilled before they invited me in, which old Mrs. Smith did at last with a very bad grace, and she almost, scolded me for risking the dropping on her very dirty floor the spirits of turpentine, with which I was wetting tlie feet of my stockings to pre- vent my catching cold, a phial of which I carried in my pocket for that purpose. "In about half an hour, which to me appeared an age, tlie boat re- turned, and I left the dirty, boorish, inhospitable mansion, crossed the creek in a canoe, hauled over by a rope, extended from bank to bank, about seventy yards, and in a few minutes after I found myself in Mrs. Wentz's excellent inn, the sign of Gen. Washington, in Middletown." (Mrs. Wentz kept tavern on the southeast corner of the square. Cum- ing had a sore foot, but had a " good supper and an excellent bed," and notwithstanding his loss of rest enjoyed his breakfast with Mrs. Wentz, "an agreeable and well-bred woman.") " The view down the Susquehanna from Mrs. Wentz's back piazza is very fine. The town contains about one hundred houses, and is well and handsomely situated about half a mile above the confluence of Swatara Creek with the Susquehanna River, the former of which forms a good harbor for boats, which it is in contemplation to join to the Schuylkill by a canal, in order to give Philadelphia the benefit of the navigation of the Susquehanna through its long course above Middle- town." He remarks that the river is a " noble stream, with fine wooded banks and abounds with fish," among which he names the " white salmon from seven to fifteen pounds weight," and proceeds to say that for all the abundance of fish " Mrs. Wentz assured me that she was seldom gratified with a dish of fish." The 380 HISTOKY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. lady told him that the fishermen " were a lazy set and will not do anything more than will procure them some whiskey. The road to Harrisburg leads parallel with the Susquehanna, in some places close to the river, along a very pleasant level," and so located as to protect the orchards " which are so numerous and so fine in this tract. I hdve rarely seen in any country a road more pleasant than this, either from its own goodness or the richness and variety of prospect. The mountains rising abruptly from the margin of the river, in which they are charmingly reflected, al- together form a scenery truly delightful," and this brings the tourist to Harrisburg. It is almost un- necessary to say that the route of the traveler was over the " King's Highway." The IMuD Pike commenced a short distance west of the town, where the Harrisburg Turnpike crosses the canal, and followed the bank of the canal to Col- umbia. It was kept in good condition until the branch road of the Harrisburg and Lancaster Rail- road was made, when, as the latter occupied much of the line of the pike, it was abandoned, and what was left of it was placed in charge of the supervisors of the townships through which it passed. The Union Canal, completed in 1827, connects the Susquehanna River at Middletown with- the Schuylkill at Reading, and affords water communi- cation thence to Philadelphia by the Schuylkill Navigation Company's improvement. An outlet from the basin of the canal to the Swatara was made to allow the boats, rafts, and arks access to and from the river. This lock was situated between the rail- road, near where it crosses the Swatara Creek, and the old collector's oflice. A vast amount of lumber and other articles were carried by the canal-boats. In 1850 and 1851 the canal was enlarged by widen- ing and deepening, and new locks were built so as to allow boats of larger carrying capacity to be used. The Pennsylvania Canal extends from Colum- bia, in Lancaster County, to Hollidaysburg, in Blair County. It was an important link in the chain of public improvements inaugurated by the State, con- necting, by means of the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad on the east and the Portage Railroad on the west, Philadelphia with Pittsburgh. Goods could be shipped in Philadelphia in sections of boats, which were transported to Columbia on railroad trucks pre- pared for the purpose; at Columbia they were placed in the canal, and connected together, forming a com- plete boat, and towed to Hollidaysburg, where they were again placed upon railroad trucks, and thence to Pittsburgh. The Allegheny Mountains were crossed by means of inclined planes, of which there were sev- eral. A large basin for the reception of boats, arks, and other water craft, was made here, and an outlet lock of great capacity constructed to the Swatara. Upon the completion of this lock that of the Union Canal was abandoned and suffered to go to decay, and there is now little left to show that there was ever one there. The ground was broken for this canal at Har- risburg July 4, 1826, with great ceremony, and the water was let into this di^sion in 1828. When the main line of the Pennsylvania Public Works was sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- pany, this canal was included in the purchase, and it has since passed into the hands of the Pennsylvania Canal Company, who have greatly improved it, and still operate it. The Breakwater. — Several attempts have been made to construct a ddm' or breakwater across the Susquehanna a short distance below the Swatara, as a harbor for lumber and timber, where it would be safe at all seasons. The project, however, never succeeded. The Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mount Joy AND Lancaster Railroad was laid out about 1832, and was completed and in use from Harrisburg to Elizabethtown long before the tunnel was finished. The first locomotive used on this part of the road was the "John Bull." It was brought to Middletown from Columbia on a flat-boat, and landed at the wharf where Mr. Rambler's large building now stands on the canal basin. It was drawn thence to the railroad by the employfe and citizens, who had been attracted there by curiosity. -It was a service- able but small engine, scarcely more than a toy when compared with the powerful " Modocs" of the present day. Instead of the heavy T-rail now used, the rails were simply flat bars of iron, about two and one-half inches in width and three-quarters of an inch in thickness, and were spiked to timbers running lengthwise with the line of the railroad. The first cars were about the size of an ordinary omnibus, with the entrance at the side, and would accommodate from twelve to eighteen passengers. Three or four cars constituted a train. A high seat on the outside of the car was provided for the conductor or brakes- man. On the completion of this part of the road there was great rejoicing. On Sept. 16, 1836, the track was opened for travel. A locomotive with a train of cars brought to Middletown from Harrisburg a large com- pany, principally invited guests, who were hand- somely entertained at Peter Young's hotel. The distance, ten miles, was run in twenty minutes. The tunnel was not completed until Aug. 18, 1838, when the trip between Harrisburg and Philadelphia could be made in seven hours. Gen. Simon Cameron, Dr. Mercer Brown, Henry Smith, Martin Kendig, and many other citizens of Middletown took great inter- est in the enterprise. The Stubbs' Furnaces.— In 1796, two brothers, Daniel and Thomas Stubbs, from England, erected a furnace near the mouth of Swatara Creek, on what is still known as the " Steel Furnace Lot," for the pur- pose of manufacturing " blister" steel. The making of steel was continued by them several years, and a ready sale was found at remunerative prices. MIDDLBTOWN BOROUGH. 381 This is said to have been the first steel manufac- tured in America. Several years after the Stubbs brothers had built their furnace, a second one was erected by one of their sons and John Elder, and was for a time carried on successfully. This was located about a fourth of a mile above the other furnace and near " Frey's mill.'' Its retorts or chambers were standing there a year or two ago. They far more resembled an overgrown bake-oven than the furnaces of the present day. Death of Gen. Washington. — On Jan. 9, 1800, the citizens of Middletown and surrounding country testified their sorrow at the death of Washington by meeting at the farm-house of George Fisher, and moving therefrom in the following order to the Lu- theran meeting-house : Trumpeter. Cavalry on foot, swords drawn. Infantry, arms reversed, by platoons inverted. Eifle company, arms reversed. Militia officers in uniform. Music. Standard. Surgeons. Clergy. Pall-bearers. Young ladies in white. Ancient citizens first. Citizens in general by twos. Boys by pairs. Having arrived at the meeting-house, the troops formed lines right and left, when the clergy, pall- bearers, and citizens entered, followed by the troops, while the Dead March from Saul was performed by the organist. The exercises were opened by a short prayer and singing part of the Ninetieth Psalm. Rev. Mr. Snowden and Eev. Mr. Moeller then de- livered addresses. Most of the military who joined in the procession were from Harrisburg. INCORPORATION OP THE BOROUGH— BOUNDARIES, OFFICERS, ETC. The borough was incorporated Feb. 19, 1828, with the following boundaries : " Beginning at a stone at the east end of the town on the south side of Main Street, thence south six degrees east forty-one perches to a stone ; thence south eighty -six degrees west sixty perches to an apple-tree ; thence south sixty-six de- grees west eighty-two perches to a stone ; thence south twenty-two degrees east two perches and five-tenths to a stone ; thence south sixty-seven and a half de- grees west thirty-two perches to a stone ; thence north twenty-four degrees west across Main Street sixty-one perches to a stone; thence north thirty-four degrees east six perches to a stone ; thence north thirty-two degrees west twenty-one perches to a stone ; thence north seventy degrees east thirty-two perches to a stone; thence north thirty-two degrees west two perches to a stone ; thence north sixty -five degrees east one hundred and eight perches and five-tenths to a stone ; thence north eighty-six degrees east sixty- one perches and five-tenths to a stone ; thence south eight degrees west forty-six perches to a stone ; and thence along the south side of the said Main Street south eighty-nine degrees east seven perches and five- tenths to the place of beginning." The first election was held on the second Tuesday of April following, at the tavern of David Kissecker. By legislative act of March 9, 1857, the limits and boundaries were so extended as to include the town of Portsmouth and lands contiguous and adjacent to the said borough and town. Thus the borough bound- aries were then made to comprise the following limits : " Beginning at a point on the river Susquehanna, and at low-water mark thereof, opposite to the termina- tion of a certain lane between the lands of George Crist and company, and land now or lately the prop- erty of A. Welch ; thence by lands of same and J. Rife, John J. Walborn, and Stephen Wilson, north eighteen and one-quarter degrees east two hundred and seven perches to the centre of the Middletown and Harrisburg. Turnpike road; thence by said turn- pike road south seventy-eight degrees east forty-six perches to a stone ; thence north sixty-four degrees east twelve perches ; thence north sixty-one and one- quarter degrees east sixty perches to George Crist's lane ; thence by lands of Crist, Brown, Croll, and others, north twenty-seven and one-quarter degrees west one hundred and seventy-two and one-half perches to lane at side of Red Hill ; thence by said lane north sixty-nine degrees east one hundred and one perches to the Great road leading from Middle- town to Hummelstown ; thence south one-half de- gree east three hundred and twenty-one perches to centre of Swatara Creek ; thence down the said creek or river, the several courses thereof, to the junction of the said creek and the Susquehanna River at the low-water mark thereof seven hundred and thirty- eight perches ; thence up the said Susquehanna River the several courses thereof to the place of beginning." The same act divided the borough into three wards, viz.. All that part of the said borough lying north of a line commencing at a point on the Harrisburg and Middletown Turnpike, and running directly through Water Street to a point on the Swatara Creek, to be called the North Ward ; and all that paij; lying south of said line and north of a line commencing in the lane forming the western boundary of the borough opposite the extension of Ann Street, directly through said extension and through Ann Street to a point on Swatara Creek, to be called the Middle Ward ; and all that part lying south of the said Ann Street line to be called the South Ward. The first election under the extended new wards and borough occurred on the third Friday in March, 1857, when three councilmen were elected from each ward, and were by lot divided into three classes to serve one, two, 382 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. and three years respectively. Thereafter one was annually elected from each ward for a term of three years. The first elections were held as follows : In North Ward, at the hriok school-house on Pine Street; in the Middle Ward, at Union Hall on Eliza- beth Street; and in the South Ward, at the town school-house, corner of Spring and Ann Streets. The fourteenth section of this act, extending the limits of the borough and giving Council power to survey, lay out, enact and ordain streets, roads, lanes, alleys, courts, and sewers, was specially exempted from applying to the tract of land included within the borough limits (as created by this act) late the estate of George Fisher, deceased, called and known by the name of "Pine Ford." A legislative act of April 13, 1858, empowered the Council to erect a lock-up. An ordinance of March 30, 1857, prohibited the running at large of dogs in the borough ; and that of June 24th, changed the name of Spring Street, in the plan of Portsmouth, to Wood Street. The first record-book of the borough and other pa- pers were destroyed by fire in 1855, when t^e resi- dence of Henry Stehman, who was then burgess-, was burned. Since that period the records are somewhat imperfect, and we are unable to give a complete list of the burgesses. CHURCHES. St. Peter's Lutheean Chtjech is the oldest Lu- theran Church in the county. The lot numbered 135 upon whicTi the old (the first) church edifice stands, including the graveyard in the rear, was purchased from George Fisher, and Hannah, his wife, as appears from a deed bearing date Sept. 18, 1764, to Peter Woltz, George Frey, and Deterick Schob, all of Lower Paxtang (now Swatara) township, Lancaster (now Dauphin) County, Province of Pennsylvania. The pur- chase-money was seven shillings and sixpence, with the additional rent of one grain of whea,t every year, to be delivered annually on the 1st day of May. The deed was acknowledged before Justice John Allison, and attested by Joseph Greenwood and Henry Eenick. It is written on parchment, and is yet in a good state of preservation. It is recorded in Lancaster County, in Deed-Book M, page 395, by Edward Shippen, re- corder. It bears the old Provincial seal of Lancaster County. In the same year a petition was sent to John Penn, then Lieutenant-Governor of the Province, praying fot the privilege of erecting a church, 'and also for the privilege of collecting funds for the same purpose. Whereupon privilege was granted by license dated Sept. 28, 1764, to Christian Eoth and David Ettley ^ to raise by subscription twelve hundred pounds in the space of three years. This document bears the autograph of John Penn, and is countersigned by Jo- seph Shippen, his secretary. There are no papers to show how much of this money was raised. It ap- 1 David Ettley, one of the committee to raise the money for the church, walked to Philadelphia on his collecting tour. pears from the terms of the license, dated Sept. 28, 1764, granting the above privilege, that the members were then very poor, and that many were driven from their homes by the hostile Indians. Middletown then contained but a few houses, and a great part of Dau- phin and Lancaster Counties was then a wilderness. The forests were peopled by Indians, and the settlers could not go outside their homes unarmed with any degree of safety. Whenever the people went to the store, mill, or even the church, they armed them- selves. They would stack their arms inside the church, and station one person at the door as sentinel to warn the others of approaching danger. The church edifice was built in 1767. The corner- stone was laid by Justice (Col.) James Burd, in pres- ence of Eevs. Theophilus Engeland, N. Harnell, Conrad Bucher, and the church wardens and elders, John Christ. Koth, John Metzgar, George Philip Shaage, Gottlieb David Ettley, and Jacob King, to- gether with the building committee, which consisted of George Frey, Frederick Zeppernick, and Conrad Wolfiey. There was placed in the corner-stone a German Bible, printed at Halle in 1763 ; the shorter Catechism of Martin Luther, printed in Philadelphia in 1764; three wafers; a half-pint bottle of wine; and some money in Pennsylvania currency. The lot upon which the lecture-room stood was transferred by the executors of George Frey and Jacob King, by a deed bearing date Oct. 7, 1807, to the trustees of the church, viz., John Metzgar, Philip Ettele, John Blattenberger, Jacob Wolfley, Christian Esenhauer, and Marks Snyder. On March 10, 1807, application was made by the congregation for a charter of incor- poration. On the 21st of the same month. Governor Thomas McKean authorized Timothy Matlack, master of the rolls, to issue the charter prayed for by the petitioners, who were Ludwick Wolfley, Valentine Weyrick, Martin Hemperley, Nicholas Shuler, George Shalkey, Frederick , George Schneegaus, Chris- tian Spayd, George Lauman, James Metzgar, Jacob Snyder, John Smuller, John Croll, John Heppich, John Blattenberger, Jr., Christian Laurentz, David Ettele, George Schuler, Matthias Wolf. In 1813 the steeple was built. For this purpose twelve hundred and eleven dollars and thirty-five cents was subscribed by one hundred and ninety-three different persons, whose names are all on record, and among whom are the ancestors of many of the prominent families of the town. The first fioor of the church was of brick, and in 1830 the present floor was laid. In 1835 the lecture-room was built, and in 1861 an addition was made to accommodate the increasing number of Sunday-school scholars. In 1844 the second roof was put on the church, and in 1850 its interior was . re- modeled. At this time the pulpit was erected on the north side, between the two large windows and about midway between the floor and the ceiling, and was reached by a narrow flight of steps. There were two entrances, one on the south side, which on MIDDLETOWN BOROUGH. 383 the remodeling of the edifice was closed. The build- ing was remodeled while Rev. Dr. Baum had charge of the congregation, and the work was done by Maj. Rehrer. In 1855 and 1856 the parsonage was built. This old stone church is now used only at stated times, mostly at funerals of aged persons who wish the funeral services to be held in its sacred walls, an elegant new church edifice having been completed on another lot, and dedicated in 1879. Its pastors have been : 1767-73, Rev. Theophilus Engeland ; 1773-88, Rev. T. F. Illing ; 1788-93, Rev. J. Kurtz ; 1798-95, Rev. P. Pentz; 1795-1808, Rev. H. Miller; 1803-12, Rev. F. C. SheaflT; 1812-15, Rev. George Lochman, D.D. ; 1815- , Rev. A. H. Lochman, D.D. ; 1830-34, Rev. J. Van Hoflf; 1834-37, Rev. P. Saline ; 1837-44, Rev. S. D. Finckel, D.D. ; 1844-47, Rev. J. Vogh- baugh ; 1847^8, Rev. L. Gerhart ; 1848-53, Rev. W. M. Baum, D.D. ; 1853-56, Rev. Benjamin Sadtler; 1856-65, Rev. C. J. Ehrehart; 1865-72, Rev. Peter Raby; 1873 (April 1), Rev. John W. Finkbiner, the present incumbent. On Sept. 4, 1867, the church celebrated its centen- nial anniversary, at which were present many distin- guished clergymen of the Lutheran and other denom- inations and persons prominent in the State. At this centennial anniversary, George Smuller sent one hun- dred grains of choice selected wheat to Hon. Robert J. Fisher, of York, the oldest of the legal heirs and representatives of George Fisher, who laid out the town, and of whom the church lot was purchased, as full satisfaction of one clause in the original deed requiring a rental of one grain of wheat to be paid annually. The wheat was contained in a silk bag worked by Miss Carrie Smuller. The old church lot is two hundred by fifty feet. When "St. Peter's Kirche" (as it was deneminated by a lettered stone still in its front over the door) was dedicated in 1767 the members consisted of sixty-six old and sixty-three young persons. It was built of red sandstone, was two stories in height, and had a gallery on the east, south, and west sides, the pulpit occupying the north side. There was a second en- trance fronting on High Street, which was reached through the yard in front and staircase leading from each door to" the gallery, meeting at the southeast corner. The windows were small, with quite small panes of glass. The bricks in the floor were nine inches square. The pews were narrow, with high, straight backs. When the house was finally warmed, it was done by two large stoves capable of taking in a vast amount of fuel, consisting of ordinary cord- wood four feet in length. The pulpit was small and supported by a post eight or ten feet high, and reached by a narrow stairway. Over it was a sound- ing-board. A pipe-organ at one time occupied a por- tion of one side of the gallery. In August, 1793, the congregation secured the adjoining lot, No. 134, of Jacob Gross and wife, who made a conveyance there- of to George Frey and Jacob Zing for the considera- tion of three pounds in hand and a yearly rent of one grain of wheat to be paid annually on May 1st. By mistake the deed was made to Frey and King indi- vidually, but when they died their trustees and exec- utors — John Landis, Charles Fisher, William Crabb, and John Cassel for Frey's estate, and Jacob Snyder and Daniel Erisman for King's — conveyed it to the trustees of the church. In 1826, Jane Hannegan (Flannagan) sold lot No. 133 to the congregation, so that the old church and cemetery now comprises three lots,— Nos. 133, 134, and 135. When the brick floor was replaced by a wooden one, in 1830, the straight-back pews gave way to others of a more com- fortable character, and a new pulpit was erected, be- neath which was an alcove or recess, into which the pastor could retire and leave his wrappings before entering the sanctuary. It had steps at either side, and a semicircular railing hung with velvet inclosed it. The reading-desk was also covered with velvet. The alterations were superintended by Jacob Hep- pich. In the remodeling of 1850 the whole inside wood-work — pews, gallery, and all — was removed. The windows, which were formerly in two tiers, were made into one, and the door-way facing High Street was converted into a window. The pulpit was erected at the west end, and the galleries extended around the other three sides. A vestibule was made, from which inclosed stairways led to the gallery and shut ofi' the cold from the auditorium. A par.sonage was erected on High Street, near the old church, in 1855. In 1872 the congregation purchased the lots on Union Street, on which its second and beautiful edifice was built, and dedicated in 1879. Methodist Episcopal Church. — Middletown Station was formed out of Dauphin Circuit in 1856. Since then the pastors have been : 1856-58, George G. Rakestraw ; 1858-60, S. W. Kurtz ; 1860, William B. Gregg; 1861-63, J. S. Lame; 1863-65, J. M. Wheeler; 1865-67, S. T. Kemble ; 1867-69, Allen John; 1869, L. B. Hughes; 1870-72, J. Montgomery; 1872-74, T. B. Miller; 1874-77, S. G. Grove; 1877- 79, J. T. Swindells; 1879-82, W. H. Fries; 1882-84, L. B. Brown, the present pastor. The Ebenezer Methodist Episcopal Church edifice, now a dwelling- house occupied by Mrs. Lauman, was a frame build- ing, built about 1820 at the upper or north end of Main cross street. It was used by the Methodist preachers on the circuits, and at intervals mission- aries of other denominations held services therein. In it was held the first Sunday-school in the town, opened about 1832. This building was erected and the congregation organized in 1830. The corner- stone of the present church was laid in 1851, and May 10, 1853, it was dedicated. Rev. Dr. Bartine officiating. It was built under the pastorship of Rev. Sanders. The parsonage, on the same street (Ann) as the church, was built in 1867. The valuation of the church property is over eight thousand dollars. The Methodists were second to the Lutherans in 384 HISTORY" OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. point of time in holding services in the town, and the first Methodist preaching in the county, ante- dating by twenty-one years that at Halifax, is -said to have occurred here. As early as 1780 circuit- riders of " York Circuit," embracing a large area of country and parts now of several counties, came every four weeks to Middletown to meet their appoint- ments. The place of holding the services was at the dwelling of Dr. Romer, on High above Duck Street, where Eli May lived. One of the original congrega- tion and first Methodists here was Jacob Shertz, who carried on a blacksmith-shop. The place was for many years one of the large number of preaching- places of " York Circuit,'' but sometimes two and three months would elapse ere the itinerant made his appearance. In good weather, however, and with no sickness on the part of the circuit-riders, preaching was had every four weeks. From 1856, when made a station, its progress has been uninterrupted, and its growth has been largely due to such members as Sey- mour Raymond, who by liis zeal, energy, and lib- erality succeeded in putting the church on a good financial basis and building up its prosperous Sun- day-school. Peesbyterian Chuech. — The Scotch-Irish were among the first settlers in this vicinity, and were generally Presbyterians. Lebanon Valley, however, was the principal point of attraction to these pio- neers, who, bringing with them a large amount of energy and religious fervor, erected the very ancient church at Derry, and soon after the ones at Paxtang and Hanover. It does not appear that any attempt was made in early times to establish a church at Mid- dletown, but a house was built near Gainsburg, four miles from Middletown, known as the " Conewago Presbyterian Church," long since fallen to decay. The builder was killed by falling from its roof, and was buried in 1745 in the graveyard attached. These churches, being within what was then considered rea- sonable distance for church attendance, were deemed suflScient for the wants of the members at Middle- town. Services, however, were frequently held in the German Lutheran Church by Presbyterian preachers, among whom were Revs. N. R. Snowden and .James R. Sharon. There must have been some organiza- tion among the members of the church, as the records show that on June 7, 1802, James Russell and wife conveyed lot No. 94, in Middletown, to William Crabb, John McCammon, and Edward Crouch, as " trustees of the English Presbyterian Congregation of Middle- town," to be used as a burying-ground. The lot ad- joining it on the east was used as a burial-ground by the Presbyterians before that period. Col. James Burd and his wife were buried there, the latter in 1784 and the former in 1793, but their remains were a few years ago removed to the Middletown ceme- tery. The Burds, McClures, Kirkpatricks, and Mc- Clanegans were among the first Presbyterian families who settled about here and held large tracts of land. In the early part of the present century the Crabbs, McCammons, Crouches, Jordans, and Elders took their places, and later the McKibbens, McNairs, and Kendigs. There was no movement to reorganize the congregation until 1850. On April 10th of that year the Presbytery in session at Carlisle appointed a com- mittee to visit Middletown and confer with the Pres- byterians there as to the practicability of establishing a church. At a meeting in June follgwing of the Presbytery at Gettysburg the committee reported favorably. On October 29th the Presbytery met here, when a petition signed by Daniel Kendig, Sarah Ken- dig, Robert F. Snoddy, Edward Burgett, Dr. B. J. Wiestling, Matilda E. Wiestling, Mary E. Wilt, and Davis Thompson was presented, asking for the organ- ization of a church here. The elders then elected were Dr. B. J. Wiestling, Daniel Kendig, and Edward Burgett. Thus was organized the first regular con- gregation since the original one had expired half a century before. Supply preaching was had in the brick church on Water Street. April 8, 1851, Rev. John Cross was authorized to solicit funds for erecting a church edifice, on June 10th was called as pastor, and installed' June 26th. Mr. Cross died suddenly Aug. 22, 1851, at Dickinson, Cumberland Co., while raising funds to build the church, and his remains were brought to Dr. B. J. Weistling's house, from which the burial took place. The church building was erected on Union Street in 1852, in which year Rev. O. O. McClean became pas- tor, and continued to April, 1854. In October, 1855, Rev. John W. White was called and remained until the spring of 1858. His successor was Rev. T. K. Davis, from March, 1858, until May 4, 1863, when Rev. William C. Ferriday became pastor (during whose absence, from ill health, Rev. H. T. Lee, of Philadelphia, preached). Mr. Ferriday's continued sickness compelled him to resign, and Jan. 25, 1865, Rev. H. L, Rex was called, who was installed June 6, 1865, and remained until May, 1874. In January, 1865, Rev. Daniel Macfle became pastor, and resigned in January, 1876. For some time Rev. A. D. Mitch- ell supplied the pulpit, but being appointed post chaplain in the United States army. Rev. Robert P. Gibson supplied the pulpit until April 14, 1878, when Rev. D. C. Meeker was called as pastor, who declined the call, and on May 20th, Rev. Malachi C. Bailey be- came pastor. He resigned in 1880, and his successor was Rev. William G. McDannold, who took charge on Nov. 1, 1881, and is the present incumbent. On March 31, 1852, C. W. King conveyed to Daniel Kendig lots 63 and 64, at the corner of Union and Water Streets, upon which to erect the church. On Aug. 24, 1854, Mr. Kendig conveyed the same to Dr. B. J. Wiestling, Davis Thompson, Dr. J. C. White- hill, C. H. Roe, George Crist, Jeremiah Rehrer, and D. E. Martin, in trust for the church and congrega- tion. The church is a neat brick edifice, with a base- ment for Sunday-school and lecture - room. Its MIDDLETOWN BOROUGH. 385 builders were Messrs. Leedom and Fisher. In 1858 (August 28th) the congregation was incorporated. In March, 1864, the trustees purchased of Dr. Mercer Brown a piece of ground in Lower Swatara township, adjoining Middletown, of 77x% perches, on which they erected a parsonage. Church of God (Bethel). — About 1825, Rev. John Winebrenner, a minister of the German Re- formed Church, but who had withdrawn therefrom, entertained and preached views on experimental re- ligion which differed somewhat from those held by the church, resided at Harrisburg. At the request of the friends of a Mrs. Black, who had been at one time a member of his congregation, and who had died on the farm of the late George Fisher, Mr. Winebrenner came to Middletown to preach the fu- neral sermon. The feeling against him was so strong that some of the older citizens refused to have any- thing to do with him, on the ground that he was not a minister in good standing in any church. John McCammon, however, on being asked whether he would walk with Mr. Winebrenner on the occasion, cheerfully consented, and they were afterwards warm friends. The funeral services were held in the Luth- eran Church, and some of the young men of the town were so favorably impressed with Mr. Wine- brenner that they invited him to preach. The doors of the Lutheran Church were, however, closed against him, but Mrs. Flannagan, who had charge of the Ebenezer Methodist meeting-house, opened that building to him, and under his ministrations a great revival commenced. He continued preaching alter- nately with the Methodist circuit preachers for several years until about 1832, when his friends deemed it advisable to have an edifice of their own. In the mean time, however, some friends of Mr. Wine- brenner residing in Harrisburg, Middletown, and vicinity met at Linglestown and organized a new church or sect, adopting the doctrines taught by Mr. Winebrenner, and styled themselves the " Church of God," but for many years they were generally known as " Winebrennarians." Mr. Winebrenner always dis- approved of this term, and all his followers are now known as members of the " Church of God." The first members of this congregation, in 1827, were Su- sanna Smuller, Bare, Elizabeth King, Jacob Rife, Joshua Heppicb, Jacob Benner, John Benner (still living), Henry Siple, Joseph Ross, George Smuller, George Etter, Conrad Seabauch, George Baker, John McFarland, Eliza Longhead, and Eve Crist. The first elders .(1827) were Joshua Heppich and John McFarland. The first church edifice of this new de- nomination ever built was erected in Middletown in 1832, on lot No. 23, on the east side of Main cross street (now Union), about midway between Water Street and Centre Square. It was a frame structure, lathed and plastered on the outside. There were two entrances at the front, reached by high stairs or steps. The pulpit was placed between the doors at the end 25 of the building towards the street, and those entering faced the audience. The floor of the church from the first pew back was raised one step instead of being level, and many falls were received by persons going in and out who did not know of or failed to remem- ber the step. The building had a basement in which the Sunday-school was held, and at one time a week- day school was taught therein by Samuel Dennis. In 1848, by a change of grade in the street, so much filling was done in front of the church that the high steps were no longer necessary, and the entrance to the building was made much easier. At the time of the dedication an accident occurred that but for the pres- ence of mind of Mr. Winebrenner, who was conduct- ing the services, might have been fatal in its results. A large post had been put up in the basement to sup- port the main girder. This girder rested upon a large stone. The great weight upon the post crushed the stone, and the effect was heard and felt by the audience, who became alarmed, fearing the building was about to fall, and rushed towards the doors, but were stopped by Mr. Winebrenner, who assured them there was less danger in remaining than in rushing out, as many might be injured in going down the steep steps on the outside. This quieted them, and one of the builders, making an examination, reported imme- diately that there was no danger, and the exercises were continued without further interruption. In 1852 the building was enlarged by extending the front to the line of the street, casing the whole outside with brick and making a vestibule and gal- lery. The latter was constructed so as to be shut off entirely from the auditorium, if desired, and was of suf- ficient capacity for Sabbath-school and prayer-meet- ings. The internal arrangements were so changed that the pulpit was at the end opposite the entrance. On account of the gradual giving way of the walls the church council, in June, 1873, appointed a com- mittee to ascertain the cost of repairing the building, and at the meeting of council, in July following, it reported that it was inexpedient to spend any money on repairs. Shortly afterwards it was decided to erect a new church edifice, at a cost not exceeding ten thousand dollars, and to begin jts erection when eight thousand dollars was subscribed. The lot se- lected was on the northeast corner of Spring and Water Streets, which was purchased for twelve hun- dred dollars. In November, 1873, eight thousand and thirty-eight dollars had been subscribed. Ground was broken June 9, 1874, and the corner-stone laid July 8. During the following winter the regular services, prayer-meetings, and Sunday-schools were held in the basement, and in the winter of 1875 and 1876 the auditorium was thrown open for the use of the great concourse of people attending the Union meetings. It is a brick structure, and the steeple is one hundred and sixty feet high, surmounted by a ball and vane. The roof is of slate, both on main building and steeple. The walls are frescoed, and the windows of stained 386 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUiNTY. glg^ss. The seats of the basement are of. iron and walnut and chestnut-wood, with movable backs. Those of the audience-room are of the same material, but fixed. The pulpit and reading-desk are made of walnut and chestnut. Among its pastors have been Elders John Wine- bfenner, Smitmer, Kyle, Edward West, McCartney, Oroll, Mackey, William Miller, Joseph Adams, Ja- cob Flake, William Mooney, A. Swartz, Edward H. Thomas, William Mullineux, A. Snyder, D. A. L. Laverty, and B. F. Beck. Since 1867 the pastors have been: 1867, J. Stamm ; 1867-70, J. Keller; 1870-72, J. Haifleigh; 1872-75, George Sigler ; 1875-77, W. L. Jones ; 1877-79, J. Miller ; 1879-80, W. P. Winbigler ; 1880-83, D. 0. Shoop ; 1883, W. L. Lockwood, the present pastor. Cheist Ohuech. — In 1835 a schism occurred in St. Peter's Lutheran Church, under its pastor. Rev. Peter Sahm. A great religious revival was in prog- ress in the town, and meetings were nightly held in the lecture-room, which was always well filled. Many members of the church made a profession of a change of heart. This was an innovation, and some of the more conservative members looked upon the move- ment as heretical. Finally the opposition to the meetings became so great that many of the members left the church and stalrt-ed a new congregation, called Christ Church. They erected their church edifice in 1838, at the corner of Duck and Water Streets, and continued to worship there for many years. The membership gradually declined owing to deaths and removals, until it was no longer able to support a pastor, and finally those remaining con- nected themselves with other churches. The church edifice was sold to the United Brethren denomina- tion. African Methodist Episcopal (Zion's) Church was erected many years ago, but exactly when there are no records to show. St. Maey's Catholic Chuech. — There being no Catholic Church in Middletown, the members of this denomination here and in the vicinity were com- pelled to go to Elizabethtown, Lancaster Co., to wor- ship, that being in the parish in which they resided. But in 1857 a lot was secured on which to erect a mission church. Through the untiring efforts of .Rev. John McCosker, who then had charge of the parish, and to whom, in great measure, the congregation is indebted for its beautiful house of worship, the pro- ject was successfully carried through. The church of " Saint Mary of the Seven Dolors" is beautifully located on high ground at the western end of Ann Street, above Lawrence, in what was known as West Portsmouth. The corner-stone was laid Sept. 20, 1857, by Rt. Rev. John Newman, bishop of the dio- cese of Philadelphia, assisted by Dr. O'Hara, Rev. John McCosker, and several other priests. Dr. O'Hara, now Bishop of Scranton, preached the ser- mon at the laying of the corner-stone," and also at ^he consecration of the church. Edwin Hodnett built the edifice for nine thousand dollars. It ia a brick structure of Gothic style, with an organ gallery. . It has a seating capacity on the first floor of over two hundred, and is the best-ventilated public building in town. The congregation in 1881 purchased grounds and laid out a cemetery. The first mission was held in the church Nov. 10, 1874, by Rev. Father Wendelin, a Benedictine monk, under the auspices of Bishop Shanahan, of Harrisburg, when a large number were confirmed. Rev. John McCosker, the first pastor, continued until he was appointed chap- lain of the Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, which was assigned to duty in South Caro- linai where he contracted disease from wliich he died. He was succeeded by Rev. Fathers McGarrin (who died at Elizabethtown), Walsh, .J. J. Mcllvain, Mac- mongle, Mcllvain (second time), and F. C. Foni, the present incumbent. In commemoration of the first mission, held Nov. 10, 1874, a large cross has been erected in the wall of the church, bearing the date of the mission and the text, "Abide in my love" (John V. 10). United Beetheen Chuech. — This congregation in 1852 erected a frame church edifice on Duck below Water Street, on a lot belonging to John Shoop. It has been gradually increasing in membership, and a few years ago purchased " Christ Church," on Water Street. For many years only a circuit, it is now a prosperous station. The first stationed pastor was Rev. H. C. Phillips, who was succeeded by Eevs, J. R. Reitzel, J. G. Fritz, and A. H. Kauffraan, the pres- ent pastor, who also holds service at the United Brethren Chapel, Furnace Hill. New Mennonite Chuech.— The congregation of New Mennonites purchased years ago the frame edi- fice on Duck below Water Street, belonging to the United Brethren. Its membership is small, and it has services once a month, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Bank of Swataea.— The following is a contem- poraneous account of the organization of the Bank of Swatara : " At a iHrKe anil respecta1.li. meetingof the inhabitanto of Middletown and the adjoining n(?iglihoi-hood, in tlie county of Dauphin, the 19th day of Novemlmr, 18i:i, convened to talie into consideration the propriety of estahlishing a banlt in »aid town, James Hamilton was appointed cliairman, and Elisha Green appointed secretary. " Tlie meeting, fnlly sennible of the result of a disposable capital, com- bined Willi the many advantages afforded by the excellent harbor formed by the junction of the Swatara with the Susquehanna, at the now con- templati-d town of Portsmouth, where a large proportion of the immense produce of the country up the Susquehannais offeredf.r sale, confidently believe that the establishment of a bank here will not only greatly pro- mote the commeicial prosperity of Pennsylvania, and indnstrious and enterprising farmeVs, mechanics, and manufacturers, bntwlll contribute much to the Improvement of the navigation of the river and to the ad- vancement of the canal and lock navigation of the State. " Therefore Resolved, That a bank be established at Middletown afore- said, with a capital of $250,000, with permission at any time hereafter to increase the sum to $500,000; divided into shares of $50 each, to be conducted by the president and twelve directors, and to be styled the Bank of Swatara. MIDDLETOWN BOROUGH. 387 " ReBohed, Thiit the books be opened at Mjddletown- od Tuesday, the 14tb day of December next, by Jacob Snyder and Elisha Green, at the house of John McCammon, for the subscription of fifteen hundred shares; at Hummelstown, on the same day, by Christian Spayd and Thomas Fox, at John Fox's for five hundred shares; at Lebanon, in the county of Lebanon, on the same day, by William Allison and Abraham Dcebler, at the house of Abraham Doebler, for five hundred shares; at Lancaster, the same day, by James Hamilton and James Humes, at the house of John Duchman, for one thousand shares; at Elizabethtown, the same day, by John McCammon and Jacob Gish, for five hundred shares; at Manheim, the same day, by Ephraim Heller and Wendle Shelley, at the house of , for five hundred shares ; at Millerstown, in the county of Lebanon, the same day, by William Lowman and Joseph Wallace, at the house of Christian Cassel, for five hundred shares. "Resolved, That five dollars be paid to the commissioners for each and e^ery share of stock at the time of subscription. "Resolved, That James Hamilton, William Allison, E'. Heller, and E. Green be a committee to draft a constitution for the said bank, which shall be printed and submitted to the stockholders at the time of sub- scribing. '* Resolved, That these resolutions be signed by the chairman and sec- retary and be published in the English and German newspapers in the counties of Dauphin, Lebanon, and Lancaster.'* The mania for creating banks seized upon the Legis- lature in 1814, just when all the avenues of industry were deranged by war with Great Britain. The Gov- ernor protested against, and at last vetoed, an act dividing the State into banking districts ; the Legisla- ture, however, passed it by the constitutional two- thirds. Under its provisions Dauphin County got two banks, — the Harrisburg, with $600,000 capital, and the Swatara, at Middletown, with 8000 shares at $50 each, or $400,000 capital, $100,000 was paid up. The gentlemen appointed to receive subscriptions to prudence and a reasonable degree of success. As it had never declared large dividends, great was the as- tonishment among its stockholders when it closed its doors, as was the case in a few years. Its business was continued and wound up at Harrisburg by Mr. Neilson, who in the course of his residence here was made cashier of the State treasury. The banking house of the Swatara Bank was the house opposite the National Bank of Middletown, now occupied by Robert T. Landis. The bank shortly after it commenced business was robbed of forty thou- sand dollars in unsigned notes. Entrance to the bank was effected by boring through the door and cutting out a panel. The robber was arrested in Myerstown, in Lebanon County, and the money recovered. He proved to be a man named Rennock, who had once been a merchant in Philadelphia, but who had failed. He was tried, convicted, and sentenced to the peni- tentiary for a term of years. National Bank of Middletown. — This old financial institution was first organized May 12, 1882, as a bank under the banking laws of the State, and was called the " Bank of Middletown." In 1864 it was changed into a National Bank. Its fiyst presi- dent was Benjamin Jordan, who continued from 1832 to 1841, and was succeeded by Dr. Mercer Brown, who in turn was succeeded in 1854 by George Smuller, who died in 1882, when J. Donald Cameron was chosen president, Seymour Raymond, vice-president, and D. W. Stehman, cashier. Gen. Simon Cameron the stock of the one at Middletown were Thomas R. Buchanan, George Bower, Isaac W. VanLeer, Henry Berry, George Fisher (Harrisburg), John Shelly (Lon- donderry), James Wilson (Derry), Jacob Hershey (Derry), James Hamilton, Christian Spayd, Elisha Green, Ephraim Heller, William Lauman. The ne- cessary amount was subscribed and the bank set acoing, with John Neilson, a careful accountant, as its cashier. James Hamilton was president of the institution. For several years it was carried on with was cashier from 1832 to 1850, when his son, J. Don- ald Cameron (United States senator), succeeded him. The first teller of the bank was John Croll, whose successor was John Monoghan in 1856. He died in 1869, since which time the tellership had been filled by Daniel W. Stehman, who was recently elected cashier. Since its establishment, in 1882, the bank has been kept in the same building, and for half a century has been the best known financial institution of the county. J. C. Bomberger was several years 388 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. ago assistant teller, succeeded by John Monoghan, subsequently the teller. The present assistant teller ia H. C. Stehman. Faemeks' Bank of Middletown. — A new State Bank has been recently chartered by James Young and others, and opened in Mr. Young's building ad- joining his residence, and is known as the " Farmers' Bank of Middletown." Benjamin S. Peters is presi- dent; V.C.Coolbaugh, vice-president; Lee H. Nissley, cashier; and A. H. Eeider, teller. EMAUS INSTITUTE, SCHOOLS, ETC. At Middletown, in 1837, there was erected the Emaus Institute, founded by a bequest of George Frey, of Middletown, who died in 1806. In 1874 it was removed to its present site. The life of Mr. Frey (his real name was Everhart) was marked with romance. When Mr. Fisher, the founder of the town, first came to this place, he used to hire George Ever- hart, who was then a penniless German lad, to assist in plowing the fields and clearing up his new land. George lived with Mr. Fisher some years, until he had saved a little fund, but his ambition looked be- yond the plow, and investing his money in a stock of trinkets, finery, and other articles for Indian traffic, he mounted his pack and started up the Susquehanna. Passing the mountains he encountered a party of sol- diers from the garrison at Fort Hunter, who arrested him as a runaway redemptioner (a servant who had been sold for a time to pay his passage from Europe), a character common in those days, and far more con- sistent with George's appearance and language than that of a peddler ; for what peddler, said they, would risk his life and property thus alone and on foot on this dangerous frontier ? " Ich bin frei ! ich bin frei !" (I am free), repeated George earnestly in German, in reply to their charge. He succeeded in convincing th-Bm of his independence, and went with them to the garrison, where he became quite a favorite, the sol- diers knowing him by no other name than that of " Frey," which they had caught from his first reply to them. He sold out his stock and pack at a fine profit, and continued to repeat his adventures, still passing as George Prey, until he was able to start a store in Middletown, where he afterwards erected a mill. Near the close of the Revolution, when the old Con- tinental money was gradually depreciating, George, who always kept both eyes open, contrived to be on the right side of the account, so that instead of losing he gained immensely by the depreciation; and, in short, by dint of untiring industry, close economy, sharp bargains, and lucky financiering, he at length became the capitalist of the village, and owned much of the real estate in and around the town. Although married, he was never blessed with children ; hence he made the bequest to found an institution to cheer and educate the fatherless children of a succeeding age, and Emaus Institute is a splendid monument to George Frey's benevolence. It was the first institution of the kind projected in this country. The bequest for its endowment was signed May 12, 1806. A notice of the death of Frey, the most prominent individual of the locality, appears in the Morgenrothe, a German newspaper of Harrisburg, published by Benjamin Mayer, May 17, 1806. There is no obit- uary further than that he died " at Middletown, on Tuesday last, at a great age, and was a citizen of wealth and renown." At his demise he could not have been less than eighty years of age. We find him trading in 1762-64 at Forts Hunter and Augusta (Sunbury). In 1768 he kept tavern in Middletown ; and it is stated that he was employed about Middle- town years before, certainly as early as George Fisher. Frey appears as the owner of the mill and whatever rights then attached in 1766. He was a very success- ful man for forty years after. He was buried on the Middletown farm in 1806, removed in a few years to '■ the Emaus," and now rests at the new orphan house, covered by a proper and deserved monument.^ In the chapter devoted to the " early courts," etc., a full account is given of the litigation which ensued upon Frey's death. Some years prior to 1806, Mr. Frey had determined to found the institution which was afterwards established, and commenced its erec- 1 At the house of George Frey, in Mirldletown, on the 3d day of March , 1768, a tragical affair occurred. On the evening of that day, Henry Cowan, with five or six other men, were assembled in the store-room of Frey, when James Deny, a negro slave of Col. Buvd, of Tinian, much intoxi- cated, entered the store-room, and, with a drawn knife in his hand cried out, " Strike me !" He was ordered out of the room, but refusing, was pushed out of the door by Cowan. The latter would have followed the negro had he not at the time been prevented by George Bombaugh and Jacob Rohrer. He subsequently went in search of Derry, but could not find him, and returned into the store-room. Soon after some one opened the door, crying, " The nigger's in the wood-pile !" whereupon Cowan re-entered the yard. Finding the negro. Cowan struck him with the butt end of a whip, when the former pursued him through the house, but Cowan slipped away and hid himself. The negro then ran up "the main street of the town," crying, " Where is he?" flourishing his knife, and cursing furiously Cowan and others. After which, it seems, he was pursued a couple of miles, until Col. Burd's garden was reached, when, while in the act of stooping down to pick up something to throw at his pursuers, Cowan, coming up, struck him, pushing him against the house. Presently Cowan cried out, " I am murdered !" and Col. Burd then coming out of the house, he said, " Oh, Col. Burd, he has murdered me I" holding his hands over his stomach and lying down on the cellar-door. Cowan was at once carried to Dr. Wooltz's. The wounds proved fatal, and he died on the second day after the 8th of March. The day following an inquest was held at the house of Frey by Matthias Slough, coroner of Lancaster County. The gentlemen comprising this jury were Richard McClure, Henry Renick, Thomas McCord. William Dicky, John Steel, John Bachenstose, Conrad Wolflev, John Steel Sr William Kerr, John Duncan, Thomas McArthur, Joseph Cook John Myer, and John Laird. They found that the "said negro James Deny the said Henry Cowan then and there feloniously did kill and murder' against the peace of our said Lord the King, his Crown, and Dignity "' Derry was not hanged for the crime, but, after a term of imprisonment was probably sold out of the Province. We narrate this affair more to put upon record the expression, " The nigger'i in the wood-pUe;' which in all probability, was the origin of that so frequently heard in these modern days. Of the men composing the coroner's jury eleven were Scotch-Irish and three German. All wrote their names, Bachenstose only being German. They were prominent men in the Swatara region, three or four of them officers in the Pennsylvania Line of the Revolution ^raiiiK(!©aiKi Try®! ^KlIB) DK@KI ©©■» MIDDLETOWN BOROUaH. 38» tion prior to his death. The building, however, was never completed. It was built of logs, thirty by forty feet, two stories, and was roofed, but not inclosed. In this state it remained until decay worked its ruin. The present school is managed by six persons, viz., four trustees, one principal, and one tutor. After many years of expensive litigation, the house was built between Middletown and Portsmouth in 1837, and moved to its present site in 1874. The institu- tion is devoted to the education of poor orphan chil- dren, who are carefully trained in the doctrines of the Lutheran Church. Instruction is given in both Eng- lish and German. The charter has been so altered by the Legislature as to permit the establishment of a literary and scientific department. Since its re- moval to the present site, it has been under the charge of William A. Croll, principal, and George A. Lau- man, tutor. The early elementary schools were all of a private character. The first English school was taught by Mrs. Ward. Jacob Peeler, the first male teacher, was a nail-maker, and taught school during the winter months. The teacher had the whole manage- ment of the school, teaching eight hours per day. Later, Rev. John F. Hay taught in an old log house, where the Pine Street school-house now stands. He was afterwards the founder of Cottage Hill Seminary, at York, Pa. When the school law of 1834 was passed, Middletown was among the first to adopt it. The first directors were Dr. Mercer Brown, president ; John Croll, secretary ; Christian Spayd, treasurer ; John Bomberger, E. J. Ramsey, and Peter Kob. Joseph Ross was appointed a delegate to represent the district in the joint meeting of the commissioners at the court-house in Harrisburg, on the first Tuesday of November of that year. He was instructed to vote for the laying of a tax for the support of the common schools. There was very little opposition to this school law. Among the most active in its favor were Gen. Simon Cameron, Henry Smith, George Smuller, John Bomberger, and Martin Kendig, the latter rep- resenting the county in the Legislature during the " Buckshot War." In 1835, Michael Lazarus was elected to represent the district in convention at the county commissioners' office in Harrisburg, with in- structions to vote for levying a tax and such other measures as might be necessary for carrying into effect a general system of education. Before this the schools were all independent. The teachers received from the parents and guardians a certain amount per quarter for each scholar, and for those who were too poor to pay for their education the county commis- sioners provided, and also supplied them with the necessary books. Post-Office and Postmasters. — The Middle- town post-office was established in the fall of 1800, with William Crabb as postmaster, who made his first returns to the department Jan. 1, 1801. His succes- sor was Peter Shuster, who made his first returns Oc- tober Ist of the same year. John McCammon was appointed in 1803, and made his first returns April 1, 1803. He continued in office until Dec. 24, 1829, a period of nearly twenty-seven years, and was suc- ceeded by William Lauman. After the latter's death, his widow, Elizabeth Lauman, was appointed, Dec. 29, 1832. She was succeeded, June 30, 1834, by Eliz- abeth Crabb. Her successor was Christian Spayd, appointed April 12, 1836. He was succeeded by Ed- ward S. Kendig March 25, 1840. His successors were appointed as follows : John Hicks, June 21, 1841 ; Ed ward S. Kendig, Jan. 1845 ; Catharine A. Stouch, Feb. 17, 1849 ; Maria L. Lauman, May 15, 1857 ; W. H. Kendig, April 8, 1861 ; John J. Walborn, April 10, 1863 ; Mary A. E. Walborn, April 17, 1863 ; Jackson H. Kirlin, April 18, 1866 ; Clarence Monaghan, March 27, 1867 (did not qualify) ; Rachel McKibben, April 5, 1867. In April, 1883, Mrs. R. McKibben resigned as postmaster, and Miss Eveline R. Wiestling was ap- pointed, and has entered upon the duties of the office. The office became a Presidential one March 27, 1867. In the summer of 1850 the citizens of Portsmouth petitioned the department for the establishment of a post-office at-that place, setting forth that Middletown and Portsmouth were two distinct places ; that the location of the Middletown office was inconvenient, for them, it being then on Main Street, opposite the Middletown National Bank; that the largest portion of the mail matter not connected with the bank was for the lumber merchants, furnaces, etc., who would be more easily accommodated at Portsmouth than at Middletown, especially as the railroad station was in Portsmouth. The department granted the petition, and the Portsmouth post-office was established, with Dr. John Ringland as postmas- ter. He opened the post-office in August, 1850. In October, 1851, he resigned and S. H. Ninian was appointed, who was succeeded by his sister, S. E. Ninian, who held the office until April, 1857, when the extension of the borough limits having included Portsmouth the latter office was abolished. NEWSPAPERS. The Middletown Argus was the first newspaper printed in the town, and was established in 1834 by a Mr. Wilson. It was an independent and family journal. Mr. Wilson did the editorial work, and his wife helped to set the type. The office was located on Main Street, opposite S. L. Yetter's residence. It was discontinued in 1835. The Middletown Emporium was established in 1850, by William Henlock, formerly of Henlock & Bratton, State printers at Harrisburg. It was printed at the corner of Pine and Main Streets, and after being published for a year and a half was discon- tinued. Middletown Journal.— 7%e Central Engine vi as published in Middletown in 1851 and 1852 by H. S. Fisher, but the material was purchased, and the paper 390 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. merged into the Swatara Oem in July, 1853, by J. W. Stbfer. This was a neat sheet of four pages, and five columns to the page. In August, 1854, Mr. Stofer enlarged it to six columns, and printed it on a sheet twenty-two by thirty-three inches. In August, 1856, he sold the paper and office to Benjamin Whitman, who, retaining its size, changed its name to the Dau- phin Journal. In September, 1856, a copartnership was formed between Messrs. Whitman and Stofer, | and they continued to publish the Journal jointly, enlarging the paper and changing it to a quarto form. In January, 1857, Mr. Whitman retired, and J. W. Stofer became the sole proprietor again. He resumed the old size and style, retaining the name Dauphin Journal as before. In November, 1870, the paper was enlarged to a seven-column paper and printed on a sheet twenty-four by thirty-eight inches, the title being changed to the Middletown Journal, its present name. Since then it has been enlarged to eight col- umns. It has been published from the first as an in- dependent family newspaper, giving large space and attention to local news, and published in the interest of home affairs. It is a good advertising medium, enjoying a healthy circulation, is well edited, and in every way is a first-class country newspaper. The Middletown Press, an eight-column journal of four pages, was established July 16, 1881, by J. E. Hoffer as proprietor. Its editor is J. E. Hofier, and its business manager A. E. Hoffer. It is published every Saturday, is an independent sheet, and as a local paper is hardly surpassed in the State. It has a well-equipped job office, which, together with the publication office, is located opposite the Washington House. ,FIRE DEPARTMENT. Soon after the incorporation of the borough, Feb. 19, 1828, an engine was procured, and a fire company organized under the name of the " Union." The engine was small but very effective for its class, and was built in Philadelphia in 1787 by Philip Mason. It remained in use until about 1868. The Borough Council, in order to make the engine available in case of fire, required the owner of each house to provide leather fire-buckets, one for each story of the house. These were kept at some point in the house where they could be readily obtained, and it was no uncom- mon thing to see a pair of fire-buckets suspended in the hall near the front door. Each bucket was marked with the owner's name and that of the " Union Fire Company." Some of these buckets are still in ex- istence. United States Engine Company. — In 1851 a meeting of citizens of Portsmouth was held, at which steps were taken to provide better facilities for extin- guishing fires. Those present subscribed liberally, and a committee appointed to solicit subscriptions were so successful that in a short time a contract was made with Mr. Agnew, of Philadelphia, to build a suction-engine. The engine, built after the pattern of the " United States" of Philadelphia, was built and delivered, and then turned over to a company for service. The engine company purchased a quantity of hose and truck, and failing to pay for them the property was seized and sold by the sheriff, and the engine was purchased by the late Judge Murray, taken to Harrisburg, and was burned with the build- ing in which it was stored. On Nov. 16, 1866, on the petition of one hundred and eighty-three freeholders of the borough, an ap- propriation of two thousand dollars was made to pur- chase a fire-engine and erect an engine-house. For four hundred and fifty dollars an engine was pur- chased of George Smuller, with hose-carriage, etc. Christian Fisher for nine hundred and eighty dollars contracted for and erected the engine-house. It was operated a short time by the "Good Will" Company. LiBEKTY Steam Fire- Engine Company, No. 1, was organized Nov. 7, 1874, and incorporated by a decree of the court in January, 1875. The presidents have been : 1874-75, D. R. Ettla ; 1876, H. C. Ray- mond; 1877-78, W. G. Kennard; 1879, Rufus Frunks; 1880-81, W. G. Kinnard. The other officers for 1881 were : Vice-President, Stephen Curtis ; Treasurer, D. H. Bucher ; Secretary, Harry Rakestraw ; 'Trustees, David A. Detwiler, J. Porter Campbell, Robert Mar- tin, John Stipe ; Foreman, Henry Hippie, -Ir. ; First Assistant, William Davis ; Second Assistant, David Brant. The company has eighty equipped men. The engine-house is located on Catherine Street, above Emaus, in the Middle Ward. INDUSTRIES. The Susquehanna Ieon-Wobks. — About the year 1848 Samuel Jenkins (and afterwards Dr. An- drew Patterson) established a foundry here, at which stoves and other castings were made, and was the nucleus of the Susquehanna Iron- Works. In 1856, Nisley, Bro. & Co. (the latter being Seymour Ray- mond) opened their foundry here with ten hands on the same site where the above iron-works are now located. In the same year James Campbell & Son (Joseph Campbell) established their machine-works. In 1864 these two establishments were united under the firm of Raymond (Seymour) & Campbell (James), and have been in successful operation ever since. The firm transacts a general foundry and machine business, the latter being the most extensive branch up to the panic of 1873, since which time the former has taken the lead. This is the pioneer establish- ment of the town, and the first manufacturing house organized here outside of the lumber business save the furnaces. It has been the nucleus around which other large establishments have since been built up. In its first year it employed but few hands, and its. business did not exceed ten thousand dollars, but it now employs one hundred and twenty-five men, and its sales aggregate two hundred and fifty thousand dol- lars. It weathered the great financial storms of 1857 KE^'n WDEW ©1? gyi^eSKiaiEilKl/a OiaOEl-WOlFlli^i [)!fli©|B)ILiT@MIKl, ©^yPlnlDKa ©@., ^Ih. LOWER SWATARA TOWNSHIP. 391 and 1873, and did not suspend operations or succumb to the pressure. Its warehouse ia sixty-six by ninety feet, and has five floors besides the cellar. The foundry is one hundred and forty-four by seventy feet, with a wing eighty-five by forty feet, in which there is room for forty-five moulders. Its brick ])at- tern-shop is eighty by thirty feet, and is fire-proof There are two frame buildings, one hundred by thirty feet and eighty-five by tliirty, for storing castings, patterns, etc. The machine-shop is three stories high and ninety-five by forty-two feet. The black- smith-shop is eighty by fifty feet. The building for storing plates is ninety by forty-five feet, and two stories high. Railroad tracks connect all the build- ings, making shipping most convenient. The Cameron Fuknaces, at first called the Chris- tiann Furnace, were established prior to 1840 by John Gamber, who named them for his daughter. It was originally a charcoal furnace ; the Round Top and much other woodland was cleared to furnish the charcoal. It was afterwards converted into an an- thracite furnace. These furnaces have largely con- tributed to the growth and prosperity of the town. The proprietors are J. Donald Cameron, Joseph H. Landis, and James Young. The Ameeican Tube- and Iron-Works was originally the Middletown Pipe-Mill, and was oper- ated by a company, the largest stockholders being Philadelphians, and manufactured pipe of two inch and less. The operations were suspended during the panic of 1873, and remained idle until 1879, when George Matheson, James Young, and others took hold of them and have extended them, so that the works are now among the largest in the country. They are now manufacturing pipe of eight-inch diameter down to half-inch, and are constantly in- creasing their facilities for manufacturing. It is now owned by a company, of which James Young is president, George Matheson treasury, and Adam Matheson superintendent, and are compelled to run day and night to keep up with orders. The Middletown Car-Works were started by an incorporated company in 1869, and in 1881 were purchased by the present proprietors, Michael Shad and Arthur King, the latter being the superintendent. It is now one of the prosperous industries of that thriving town. The Middletown Furniture Company's Fac- tory is one of the leading establishments of the bor- ough. Its work is becoming well known, and its suc- cess has been steady and assured. There are a number of planing-mills, which have been established for years. The lumber trade, as previously stated, has for over a century been the great business of the town. The paint manufactory of Cobaugh Brothers is located on Railroad Street. LOWER SWATARA TOWNSHIP. Lower Swataea Township was erected by an act of Assembly passed March 18, 1840, which directed, — "That part of Swatara township, in the county of Dauphin, south of straight lines forthwith to be run by the supervisor of said township, commencing at the west end of the bridge over Swatara Creek at Nissley's mill; thence to the residence of Daniel Smith ; thence to Christian Roop's ; thence to Sam- uel Neidig's; thence to the River Susquehanna at the line dividing the farms of Christian Mumma and John Heagy; and thence immediately by the lower end of Shreiner's Island to the York County line, shall hereafter form a separate election district and township to be called Lower Swatara." And by the twenty-seventh section of an act of Assembly passed on the 13th of June, 1840, it is further provided that, — "That part of Lower Swatara township, in the county of Dauphin, north of straight lines to be run by the supervisors of the townships of Swatara and Lower Swatara, commencing at the residence of Dan- iel Smith ; thence to Peter Roop's ; thence to Chris- tian Good's fulling-mill ; and thence to the residence of Samuel Neidig, shall hereafter form part of Swa- tara township, etc., and that so much of the resolu- tion passed 18th of March, 1840, as is hereby altered is repealed." As thus constituted the township of Lower Swa- tara is bounded on the east by Derry and London- derry townships, from which it is separated by the Swatara, on the south by the Susquehanna River to the York County line, and on the west and north by the township of Swatara. HiGHSPiRE is a post-town, situated between the Susquehanna River and the Pennsylvania Canal, on the turnpike from Harrisburg to Middletown, six miles from the former and three from the latter. It is on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The town was laid out prior to the war of 1812-14, but how and why designated Highspire we have yet to learn, the statement that it was named for Spires in 392 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Germany not being correct. By an act of the Assem- bly passed Feb. 7, 1867, it was incorporated into a borough, but the act was annulled on April 8, 1868. The village did not begin to grow much until 1842, when the following were the freeholders in its limits : Oonrad AUeman. George Boyer. Jacob Baker. John Carr. Henry Cook (colored). Widow Carr. Jacob Erismau. ' Henry Fleisher. John A, Fisher. Henry Fogle. Michael Frantz. Abraham Funk. Andrew Gayman. John Geistweite. Peter Goul's estate. Christian Hoover's estate. John Hooker. Lehman & Stoner. Widow Long. Michael Raymond. David Mumma. Christian Mumma. Jacob Nisley. John O'Brien. John Parthamore. Jacob Boop, Jr. Job n Koop. ^ Mary Sener (widow). Henry Stoner. Michael Stentz. Swartz and P. Garman. Elizabeth Stoner (widow). Michael Strayer's estate. Michael Dlrioh, Jr. Henry Wolf. Jacob Waggoner. Matthias Winagle. Robert Wilson. Two additions have been made to the town, the first by Maj. David Mumma, of Harrisburg, and the second by Judge Isaac Mumma. The oldest houses in the place are those of Jacob Bender, Michael Stoner, Samuel Mumma, Alfred Cannon (the old " Cross-Keys" tavern), and Jacob Eoop. These were all built before the laying out of the town in 1814. The first store was kept by a Mr. Liverick, who was succeeded by Conrad Alleman, who kept for thirty- five years, and the store building of the latter is still owned by his estate. John Sener came from Lancas- ter and kept the first tavern. The next inn was that of Mrs. Early, the " Cross-Keys." Afterwards Conrad Alleman kept a tavern in connection with Matthias Winagle. John Sener, about 1800 and later, made edge-tools for this whole region. The first blacksmith was Ben- jamin Ebersole, whose successor was Jacob Eoop, who carried on the shop for forty years. During part of this time Jacob Wolf also had a shop at the other end of town. John Eoop succeeded Wolf, and Daniel Long followed Jacob Eoop. The first cooper was Benjamin Eoop, whose successor was the late Abra- ham Funk. In 1776, John Hollingsworth erected a large stone grist-mill, which stood in constant operation until destroyed by fire, March 3, 1860, when owned by the Demmys. In 1863 it was rebuilt of wood by John and Elizabeth Buser, who have since operated it. It is one of the oldest mills in this part of the county, being ten years older than Frey's mill at Middletown. Schools. — Lower Swatara being connected with Swatara township until 1840, was by a majority op- posed to the establishment of free schools, and year after year voted against it. But the town of Ports- mouth, having a population of seven hundred and fifty, was nearly unanimous in favor of the common- school system. It was not until 1843 that the town- ship accepted the law, and then only through the efforts of Martin Kendig, William F. Murray, and others, who took advantage of the almost impassable roads, gathered up every voter in Portsmouth and vicinity that could be got out, and carried them to the place of holding the election, rightly supposing that the farmers, who were generally opposed to the law, would not make their appearance. Enough votes were obtained, not only to accept the provisions of the law, but to elect directors who were in favor of carrying out its provisions. The adoption of the law was mainly owing to Martin Kendig, Eobert Wil- son, John Balsbaugh, and Michael Alleman. At this time the township has eight good schools, with good and new houses well arranged for the scholars. In 1875 the present commodious two-story brick school building was erected by the Board of Educa- tion, consisting of George W. Parthamore, A. Eber- sole, J. Bingaman, J. Yingst, Isaac Mumma, J. J. Lehman. The architect was G. Fisher. United Brethren Church. — The United Brethren denomination had preaching by local preachers as early as 1830 in the old school-house, but the congregation was not organized until 1843. On January 6th of this year the first subscription paper was started to erect a church, which was headed by Jacob Eoop with one hundred dollars, followed by Conrad Alleman with fifty dollars, and Samuel Neidig ' with fifty dollars. The second subscription paper, dated January 17th, was started with Michael Frantz's name for seventy-five dollars, John Balsbaugh's for eighteen dollars, and Christian Good's for ten dollars. Several other subscription papers were circulated, the money raised, and the church edifice completed the same year. The following have been its regular pas- tors: 1846, Simon Dreisbach ; 1847-49, Daniel Funk- houser; 1849, Samuel Siders ; 1850, George Miller; 1851, Samuel Siders, Jacob Eoop, Simon Dreisbach; 1852, Abraham Noll; 1853-55, Joseph Young ; 1855- 57, Samuel Zimmerman; 1857, Samuel Eoop; 1858, Jacob Kessler, L. W. Cromer ; 1860, J. B. Daugherty, L. Fleisher; 1861, J. B. Daugherty; 1862-65, J. P. Smith ; 1865, John G. Clair, G. W. Hoffman ; 1866, G. W. Hoffman; 1867, J. O. Brewer; 1868, J. P. Smith, H. Hackman, A. Miller; 1869-71, Israel Car- penter ; 1870-72, W. B. Evers ; 1872, David O. Far- rail, P. Bowman ; 1873, W. D. Mower, P. Bowman, Isaiah Baltzell, H. C. Phillips; 1874, Isaiah Baltzell, H. C. Phillips, Hiram Neaffer; 1875, Hiram Neaffer; 1876-79, Thomas Garland; 1879, G. W. M. Eigor; 1880-82, Abraham H. Kaufman. Church op God (Bethel).— This denomination have had for years prior to 1843 preaching by mis- sionary ministers in the old school-house, and in that year its church edifice was built. Among the earliest pastors were Eevs. Thomas Strohm, Abraham Snyder, Simon Fleisher, Israel Brady, Sterny, and Deshong! Since 1867 they have been: 1867-69, J. W. Miller- 1869-72, Eev. Carvell ; 1872-75, Eev. Arnold ; 1876-^ SWATAKA TOWNSHIP. 393 77, D. 8. Shock ; 1877-79, James Speese; 1879-81, J. B. Lockwood ; 1881-82, S. B. Howard. TiNlAN. — Just back of the village of Highspire, on the bluff overlooking the broad expanse of the Susquehanna, is "Tinian," the residence of Col. James Burd. At present it possibly presents the same appearance as when Col. Burd passed from off this stage of life. It is a stone structure, thirty by forty feet, two and a half stories high. It was erected by Col. Burd prior to the Bouquet expedition of 1763, and, unless the residence of Peter Allen, at the foot of Peter's Mountain, is in existence, is probably the most ancient edifice within the limits of the county of Dauphin. The place was named "Tinian" by Col. Burd, and is certainly one of the historic man- sions of our State. The most notable men of the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars were entertained at "Tinian" right hospitably, and the associations which cluster around that famous build- ing, whose owner was a man of mark in Provincial days, claim its preservation in this volume. The old iron knocker of Col. Burd remains on the front door, while the interior presents little change. It has never been remodeled. One-half a mile to the east of " Tinian" is " Wal- nut Hill," the home of the Crouchs and Jordans. In some particulars the progressive spirit of the age has changed it. It, too, was erected a century ago. "TINIAN," KKSIBHNCE OF COL. JAMES BUED, 1764. and, as the residence of Capt. James Crouch, of the Revolution, Edward Crouch, a representative in Con- gress, and Benjamin Jordan, a State senator, all rep- resentative men, has an historic interest. SWATARA TOWNSHIP. The court at their September sessions in the year 1799 issued an order to commissioners to view Lower Paxtang township and report to the next sessions a line dividing said township as nearly as might be for the convenience of the people into two equal parts ; to which the commissioners made return that they had made a division of the said township by a line. " Beginning at the Paxtang Creek, where the breast of Landis' mill-dam formerly stood ; thence south 85 degrees east 192 perches to a hickory in the land of John Neisley ; thence south 76 degrees east 375 perches to a black-oak in the land of Joshua Elder, Esq. ; thence south 80 degrees east 135J perches to the fence of the glebe land belonging to the Paxtang meeting-house; thence south 85 degrees east 667 perches to a chestnut-tree in Christian Page's field ; thence 340 perches to Michael Cassel's bake-oven ; thence 200 perches to the house of George Reese ; thence 262 perches to a marked hickory on the bank of Beaver Creek, on land of Jacob Siders." This report was confirmed by the coiirt, and it was ordered that it be entered of record, and that the southern division be designated upon the records of the court by the name of Swatara township. The fore- going shows the division line between Lower Pax- tang and Swatara townships in the year 1799; subse- quently Lower Paxtang township was again divided and Susquehanna township taken from it by a line from the mountain to somewhere near the centre of the line of Swatara, giving the southern section of the division to Susquehanna, thug making the before- described Swatara line in part the dividing line be- tween Susquehanna and Swatara townships. In the year 1842 the court issued an order to commissioners to view, ascertain, and establish and lay out a line of division between Susquehanna and Swatara town- ships, from the bridge over Pa:^tang Creek at the junction of Market and Chestnut Streets, in the line of the then borough of Harriaburg, to the corner between the townships of Swatara, Susquehanna, and Lower Paxtang. The commissioners reported the following line, to wit : " Beginning at the corner between the said townships of Swatara, Susquehanna, and Lower Paxtang, where the eastern branch of Kimbortz's mill-dam crosses the same, and where a public road from said mill 394 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. crosses said branch ; thence down said branch and mill-dam, along the west side thereof by the several courses, 39x\ perches to the forks of said dam ; thence by the western fork of said dam and branch, and along the north side thereof by their several courses, 68 perches to a point where said branch is crossed by a road leading to Kimbortz's mill, and opposite the mouth of a run entering said branch from the south- west; thence crossing said branch and up said run and ravine, along which it flows by their several courses, 94xV perches to a hickory in or near the line of lands of F. Rudy; thence by said line north 88f degrees west 93 perches to the forks of a. stream rising near a stone corner between lands of the heirs of Joshua Elder and Jacob Pancake, deceased, in said Rudy's line; thence down said sti'eam, by the several courses thereof, 88 perches to its junction with Rutherford's Run ; thence down Rutherford's Run two perches to the mouth of Hileman's Run; thence up Hileman's Run, by the several courses page 272, the second in Road Doc. A, page 273, and by reference to what follows it may be seen how Lower Swatara was separated. As now organized the township of Swatara is bounded on the north by the townships of Susquehanna and Lower Paxtang, on the east by Derry and Lower Swatara, on the south by Lower Swatara, and on the west by the Susque- hanna River and the limits of the city of Harrisburg. Many of the incidents narrated in the general his- tory as occurring in Paxtang township proper trans- pired within the limits of the township of Swatara. The township is located in one of the finest valleys in Pennsylvania, and most of the land is highly culti- vated. There is little or no poor land within its limits. PAXTANG CHURCH. Three miles east of Harrisburg, on the ridge which forms the north em boundary of Paxtang Valley, stands the Paxtang Presbyterian Church, one of the oldest landmarks in Dauphin County. While it is true that OLD PAXTANG CHTJRCH. thereof, 119 perches to the line of James Herrington, •where a road crosses said run ; thence by the line of Herrington's land, south 67^ degrees west 109 perches, to where said line strikes the head-waiters of a run which leads across the Downingtown and Ephrata turnpike road ; thence down said run, by the several courses thereof, 153 perches to the middle of said turnpike and a bridge across said run ; thence along the middle of said turnpike road to the middle of the bridge over Paxtang Creek aforesaid, by the following courses and distances: north 74 degrees west 68 perches to an angle ; north 74| degrees west 213 perches to an angle on Allison's Hill ; north 66 degrees west 51^% perches to the junction of said turnpike with the Jonestown road, and south 78,1 de- grees west 8 perches to the middle of said bridge." This report Was confirmed by the court on the 18th of January, 1843. The line thus run, so far as it goes, varies materially from the line of 1799, before mentioned. The first division line of Swatara town- ship may be found recorded in Ses. Doc, 1795-1801, nothing in the New World can be called old, it is also true that the origin of this place as a place of worship is lost in antiquity. In 1782, when the Presbytery of Donegal was organized, there was standing on the spot a log house of worship with some of the marks of age upon it, and near by were the green graves of the pioneers, most of which were never marked, and their existence to-day is only discovered by the grave- digger when he strikes his spade into the soil to add one more to the already populous city of the dead. Sixty years ago there was at the head of one of these graves a rough limestone, upon which was chiseled in rude letters an inscription which stated that the inhabitant below had departed this life in 1716. This establishes the fact of the existence of the burying- ground at that date, and we are naturally led to the conclusion that the log church was also then in ex- istence. Rev. James Anderson and others preached here as supplies, under the care of the Presbytery of New Castle, prior to 1732. On the 11th of October of that year the Presbytery of Donegal was constituted SWATAKA TOWNSHIP. 395 out of a portion of the Presbytery of New Castle. The meeting was held at the Donegal Church ; minis- ters present, Messrs. Anderson, Thomson, Boyd, Orr, and Bertram. Mr. Thomson was elected moderator, and Mr. Bertram clerk. The first item of business brought before the new Presbytery of Donegal was in relation to Paxtang and Derry. These churches having united in a call to the Eev. William Bertram, which had been placed in his hands at the last meet- ing of the old New Castle Presbytery, George Renick and others of Paxtang and Derry appeared and re- quired an answer thereto. Mr. Bertram accepted, arid was installed Nov. 15, 1782, at Swatara, which Web- ster says was the original name of Derry Church. Thomas Forster, George Renick, William Cunning- ham, and Thomas Mayes were appointed for the Pax- tang side, and Rowland Chambers, Hugh Black, Robert Campbell, John Wilson, William Wilson, James Quigley, William McCord, and John Sloan for the Derry side of the creek, to assist Mr. Bertram in congregational afiairs until the erection of a formal session. At the meeting of Presbytery at Upper Octorara, Sept. 6, 1733, " Mr. Bertram presented a list of men nominated by the congregations of Paxtang and Derry to be set apart for ruling elders. Presbytery ordered that they be again published, and intimation given that if any objection be made against any of them, said objection be given in due time." The amount of the subscriptions to Mr. Bertram's salary does not appear, but the congregation, in addi- tion thereto, made over to him and his heirs their " right and title to the plantation commonly called 'The Indian Town,' purchased from the Indians." Hitherto, and until 1736, Paxtang and Derry were considered simply as two branches of the same con- gregation ; this arrangement was unwieldy, and gave rise to various disputes and misunderstandings about financial matters. They had fallen into arrears with Mr. Anderson, and were ordered no less than five times at as many different meetings of Presbytery to pay up ; difficulty was experienced in getting all parts of the congregation to contribute their just dues towards the repairs of Mr. Bertram's house, and to defray the expenses of a lawsuit about certain boards. These and other troubles of a like nature were a source of annoyance to both societies as well as to Mr. Ber- tram, so much so that at Nottingham, Oct. 9, 1735, Mr. Bertram and his elder united in asking Presby- tery tc* appoint a committee " to go into and reason with the people of said congregation and inquire into their circumstances, as to their ability to be separated into two distinct congregations and support them- selves, in order that Mr. Bertram, being eased of part of his burden, may be able to go on with more com- fort in the discharge of his duty to whichever part of said people he shall be determined to continue with." A committee was appointed and reported to Pres- bytery Nov. 20, 1735. Accompanying their report they presented a supplication from the session asking for a separation, and that their bounds might be fixed. At the same time Lazarus Stewart prosecuted a sup- plication from Manada Creek (Hanover) for a new erection. The subject of 'the separation between Paxtang and Derry was postponed from one Presby- tery to another, until finally on the 2d of September, 1736, it was agreed to. So popular was Mr. Bertram with his people that both parties were anxious to secure his services, — Paxtang engaging to pay for his yearly support sixty pounds, "one-half in money, the other half in hay, flax, linen, yarn, or linen cloth at market price." Derry promised fifty-five pounds, to be paid in like manner. Mr. Bertram was perplexed, and asked for time to consider; Presbytery gave him until the next meeting of Synod, which took place on the 16th of September. He chose Derry, and Pax- tang was declared vacant. From this date until Dec. 22, 1738, the congregation was supplied by Messrs. Sankey, Alexander, Craven, and Elder. On Dec. 22, 1738, John Elder, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, was ordained and installed pastor of Paxtang, at a salary of sixty pounds in money. Mr. Elder was a strong man, and filled a large space not only in the church but in the State. In addition to the sacred office he held acommission as civil magistrate, was captain of the celebrated body of men known as the " Paxtang Rangers,'' and held a colonel's commission under the Proprietary government. It is unnecessary to give more of his personal history in this connection, as a full biograph- ical sketch of him will be found in another part of this volume. Soon after Mr. Elder began his labors in Paxtang it was found that the old log church was insufficient, and steps were taken towards the erection of the present building. It stands about twenty feet back from the site of the old house, and was begun about the year 1740, but owing to the poverty of the congregation and their aversion to going into debt (a characteristic which they still retain) it seems to have been some years in course of erection, and according to a tradition which is doubtless correct, was used for a long time as a house of worship with neither floor nor pews ; seats made of logs hewn on one side were "used by all the people excepting the family of the pastor, who occupied a settee. In the division of Mr. Elder's effects after his death, the old settee fell to his son Thomas. The building is ah unpretending stone structure, thirty-six by sixty-six feet, without ornament of any kind, and has stood without change in its outward appearance for more than one hundred and forty years. The stones used in the construction of the walls are rough limestone, and so irregular in size and shape that a modern mason would pronounce them utterly unfit for building purposes, and yet no firmer or better walls can be found anywhere. Their strength seems to lie in the mortar used, which is now as hard as the stone itself, and the storms of almost a 396 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. ceiitury and a half have had so little effect upon it that the marks of the mason's trowel are as distinct to-day as when he finished the work. Ground had scarcely been broken for the new house when the dissensions between Old and New Sideism arose in the church, which resulted in the division of the congregation. Mr. Elder and a portion of the people adopting Old Side views, rema;ined in posses- sion of the property. The New Side people secured two acres of land about two miles farther east, and immediately erected thereon a rival church, and in 1745, Rev. John Roan became their pastor, and con- tinued his labors among them until his death in 1775. Mr. Roan was at the same time pastor of the New Side Churches of Derry and Mount Joy. This movement seriously crippled the congrega- tion, and was the main cause for the delay in finish-, ing and furnishing the building. Mr. Elder's salary was also greatly reduced, but was supplemented by the Old Side people of Derry, who at this time united with Paxtang under his ministrations. The minutes of Donegal Presbytery from Sept. 28, 1745, to June, 1747, and from Oct. 9, 1750, to June 5, 1759, having been lost, Mr. Elder's private papers, many of them, being also lost or inaccessible, it is somewhat difficult to trace the history of Paxtang during this period, probably the most trying one in its existence. The French war was in progress and the Indians very troublesome. "Many a family mourned for some of their number shot by the secret foe or carried away captive. Their rifles were carried with them to their work in the field and to the sanctuary. Elder placed his trusty piece beside him in the pulpit. Death often overtook his flock as they returned to their scattered plantations. In 1756 the meeting-house was surrounded while he was preaching, but their spies having counted the rifles, the Indians retired from their ambuscade without making an attack." On another occasion, in the same year, they came for the purpose of attacking the worshipers in church, but by mistake they arrived on Monday instead of Sunday, and after waiting several days, finding they were discovered, left the settlement by way of Indian- town Gap, murdering a number of persons on the Swatara and carrying ofl^ several prisoners. Notwithstanding all these difficulties, Mr. Elder and his congregation prospered. They finished their church and furnished it, not very neatly, but very substantially. The building had three doors of en- trance, and the pulpit was built against the north wall, high above the heads of the congregation and directly opposite the southern entrance. An aisle ran through from east to west, and another north and south from the southern door to the pulpit. The congregation seems to have acquired no legal title to their property until 1754, as we find that on the 8th of June, 1754, Henry Forster and Ann, his wife, gave their deed for twenty acres strict measure, con- sideration ten pounds. The following curious document also bears the date 1754. When the disorganization and separation caused by Old and New Sideism took place in Pax- tang and Derry, some ten or twelve years before this, no regular call seems to have been made out to Mr, Elder, he just took charge of the Old Side people of both congregations, and this paper may have been drawn up simply to place matters in proper shape. There is no tradition of any misunderstanding occur- ring at this time between Mr. Elder and his people : " To the Bevereiid Mr. Jno. Elder. " SiK, — We, the Inhabitants in the Township & Congregation of Pax- tang & Derry, Being now Destitute of a settled Gospel minister amongst ub; Being also Deeply Sensible of the great loss & Disadvantage we & ours may sustain, In regard of our souls & spiritual Concerns by our living in such a Cnndition in this Wilderness; & having had SufiQcient Proof of, & being well pleased & satisfied with the ministerial abilities & qualifications of y'u, the Kevd. Jno. Elder, Do unanimously Invite & Call y'u to take the Pastoral Care & oversight of ua, Promising all due subjection, submission & obedience to the Doctrine, Discipline & Govern- ment & Ordinances Exercised & administred By y'u as our Pastor in the Lord. And that y'u may be the Better Enabled U> attend upon y'r Pas- toral & ministerial work amongst us, without Anxious & Distracting Cares about y'r worldly Concerns, WE Do hereby Cheerfully Promise & Engage to take Care of y'r Support and maintenance for an Honourable & Creditable manner Suitable to & befitting y'r Honourable Function & oflSce as a Minister of the Gospel of Jesus Christ amongst us; Knowing that the Lord bath ordained that they who Preach the Gospel should live by th6 Gospel. In testimony of all w'h we have hereunto Sub- scribed our Names This 26th of September, 1754." *Thos. fForster. *Wm. Armstrong. *John Harris. *Thos. McArthur. *James Wallace. David Walker. *Robert Chambers. *Mose8 Dickey. William Stoe. "Thomas Simpson. James Collier. Thomas Dougan. Henry McKinney. Andrew Stephen. John Bell, John Morrow. Henry Renick. John Johnson. Oliver Wyllie. Samuel Simpson. Thomas Renick. Patrick Montgomery. Richard Cavit. William Bell. Thomas King. Edward King. Robert Montgomery. John Wiggins, jr. James Gilchrist. James Mitcheltree. John Neal. William Hannah. John Carson. James Drummond, Samuel Hunter. Alex. Johnson. George Gillespy. Patrick Gillespy. David Patton. James Potts. Joseph Wilson. John McCurmlck. John Cavit. William Harris. Robert Gilchrist. John Gilchrist, William McAlevy. John Foster. David McClanochan. David Reany. John Craig. John Wyllie. Thomas Mays. Hugh Hays. Andrew Moore. David Foster. John Hays. Henry Walker. John Walker. John Walker, James Walker, Hugh Carothers. James Carothers. James Williamson. Samue'Galbraith. Hugh McKillip. Matthew Cowden. James Houston, James Tom. John Starling. Andrew Hannah, Peter Corbit. Wm. Kerr. Joseph Kerr. John Gray, William Wilson. Michael Whitley. Thomas Alexander. Valentine Stern. Andrew Houston. Alex. Johnston. Samuel Stephenson. Thomas Rutherford. Mathiiis Taylor. Stephen Gamble. AlexV Mahou, SWATARA TOWNSHIP. 397 James Galbraith. Robert Wallace. *John Harris. James Fostet. James Freelaad. Robert Armstrong. Hugh Wilson. James Wilson. Robert Chambers, jr. Arthur Chambers. William Renoy. Robert McCallen. John Hutchison. Charles McClure. Hugh Black. Robert Snodgrass. Thomns Black. Jean Black. Wm. Laird. Matthew Laird. Elizabeth Park. Chas. Clarke. Mary McIIvain. James Harris. Samuel Shaw. Thomas Aikens. Th. Strean. Thomas McClalen. William Brison. John McClintock. James Davis. James Rodgers. Hugh Rodgers. Joe McNut. ■Widow Rodgers. Seth Rodgers. Joe Snoddy. Robert Harris. Wm. Galbraith.. David Jamison. Robert Walker. On June 22, 1764, at a meeting of Presbytery held at Derry, Mr. Elder and four other ministers declared their intention to cease from active membership in the judicatory. This decision was not acted upon by Synod until May 19, 1768, when they were joined to the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia, so that for a period of about four years Paxtang was not repre- sented in any of the church courts. The trouble arose out of the old party feeling of the Old and New Sides, which, notwithstanding the union, was still rampant in the Presbyteries. Upon the formation of Carlisle Presbytery, 1786, Paxtang was joined thereto, and has remained in that connection ever since. After the death of Mr. Roan, Oct. 2, 1775, Paxtang and Derry were again united solely under the charge of Mr. Elder. The congregation at Harrisburg was formed April 12, 1787, and added to Mr: Elder's charge, as was also the New Side branch of Paxtang. In 1789 some repairing was done at Paxtang, as the following papers will show : We, whose names are underwritten, do promise to pay to James Johnston & William Smith the several sums annexed to our names, on demand, for Laying the Allies in Paxtang Meeting House. Witness our hands at Paxtang, the 10th Day of August, 1789. £ 8. d. £ Roland Chambers Richard Fulton Samuel Sharer Thomas Murray 6 James Rutherford 8. d, 7 6 7 6 5 7 6 7 6 William Kerr 7 JacubAwl 7 William Smith 7 John Rutherford 7 Joseph Hutchinson 7 We, the underwritten subscribers, do promise to pay to John Ruther- ford the several sums annexed to our names on demand for Laying the Allies in Paxtang Meeting House. Witness our hands the 22d Day of August, 1789. d. Jeremiah Sturgeon ThoB. McArthur George & Joseph Gray 10 Robt.Gray 7 6 John Wilson 7 6 The pastorate of Rev. John Elder, after a duration of more than half a century, closed on the 13th of April, 1791. The congregation, after hearing various candidates, finally united with Derry and Harrisburg in a call to Rev. Nathaniel R. Snowden, of Philadel- phia, each congregation agreeing to pay him fifty pounds per annum. The following subscription is probably not a full list of the Paxtang people who contributed to the support of Mr. Snowden, but simply those who were present at the congregational meeting held on the 7th of March, 1793. The paper itself is in the handwriting of James Caldwell, but the names and figures were written by the sub- scribers, each one for him or herself, and all in the same ink : We the under subscribers do each of us promise to pay annually the sums annexed to our names, to the trustees of Paxtang congregation, or the collectors appointed by them, as a salary due to the Rev. Mr. Snow- den for the one-third part of his labors amongst us, and while he con- tinues a regular preaching pastor in said congregation and we members of it. Given under our hands this seventh day of March, a.d. 1793. £ 8. d. James Caldwell 12 6 John Means 15 John Willson 15 William Calhoun 15 Richard Carson 15 Joshua Elder 2 John Elder, Jr 1 2 6 John Gilchrist 1 Alexander McCay 8 4 Thomas Forster 1 17 6 William McRoberts 15 Richard Kulton 15 Thomas Brown 18 9 William Wanless 10 Daniel Brunson 17 6 Alexander Willson 15 Jacob Awl 2 5 John Rutherford 1 15 William Smith 1 15 JamesCowden 1 10 Josiah Espy 1 10 Thomas McArthur 1 2 Barbara Walker 7 Mary Peacock 7 James Cochran 1 John Wilson, Jr 1 10 Andrew Stephen 17 James Johnston 16 William Boyd 8 Adam Barbe 10 Alexander Mabargue 15 William Kerr 1 15 Mr. Snowden was installed Oct. 2, 1793, but soon found the labor of attending to three congregations too great for his bodily strength. His efforts to cur- tail his labors called forth the following papers, the result being that he was relieved of both Paxtang and Derry and retained only by Harrisburg ; Letter sent to PaESBTTEEY in 1795. " Paxtang, Octr. 5, 1795. " To the Revd. Presbytery of Carlisle about to convene at Marsh Greek in the CowUy of York: "Whereas, Mr. Suowden has signified to his congregation in Derry Township that he is no longer able to ofdciate in his Ministerial capacity to them on acct. of Inability of body, & that he purposes to apply to Presbytery for a Discharge from said congregation which we conceive, if he might be indulged in his Request, wou'd leave the congregation of Paxtang in a very distresBing & Perilous Situation ; that the two con- gregations have lived for many years past in perfect peace, friendship and unanimity, and that we do not wish for a schism between us now ; that if the uuion is once broke there will be no probability of us being united again ; that if Mr. Snowden is rendered incapable of undergoing the fatigue of the three congregations in less than thi'ee years in the prime of life, by all probability he wilt not be able in a short time to attend to two congregations, and of consequence we shall be left with- out a pastor and the means of giving a call to another. We, therefore, pray -to be considered as united with Derry, and that if Mr. Snowden should insist on being disunited from them, that Presbytery will appoint a committee of their body to enquire into the matter before anything decisive may take place; and that the majority of this congregation, how much soever they may be attached to Mr. Snowden, wou'd rather he should leave us as he found ns, than submit to a dissolution of the union subsisting between us. "By order of a meeting of Paxtang congregation. "John Rdthebford, "JosHDA Elder." Supplication sent to Presbytery, 1796. "Paxtang, Jan'y, 1796. " To the Moderator of Carlisle Presbytery about to meet at-Big Spring : *' By order of the Committee of Presbytery which sat at Paxtang the 3d of Nov'r last, the Congregation of Paxtang was notifyed the last Sunday but one which we had meeting that the sense of the Congrega- tion wou'd be taken on the next Sabbath whether we wou'd adhere to Harrisburg & break the Union with Derry, or whether we wou'd con- tinue the Union with Derry & break off with Harrisburg. Accordingly after sermon last Sunday the heads of families were desired to attend, 398 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. a,nd after the business was explained to them, we prpceeded to take the votes of the People, & it appeared that a Majority of the Congregatfon was for continuing the Union with Derry and relinquishing Harris- burg;, they liltewise chose the bearer Capt'n John Rutherford as their Commissioner to wait on Presbytery with, this Remonstrance, praying that Presbytery wou'd ^rant us Supplies & dissolve the Congregation of Paxtang from their Obligations to Mr. Snowden & that he might discon- tinue his labors to them unless ordered to supply them as any other Gentleman. Supplication sent to the Presbytery of Carlisle, 1796. " Paxtang, Sept. 3, 1796. " The Reverend Presbytery of Carlisle : "Gentlemen, — Wlierea'i \ye,are now destitute, of the , Gospel Ordi- nances being regularly administered to us, and what few supplies were alloted for us at the last Presbytery we fell short even of these on ac- count of the age and inability of one of the members appointed to sup- ply us ; We, the subscribers, in behalf of this Congregation who met for that purpose do most earnestly beg and entreat that Presbytery would be pleased to grant as many Supplies as they can with convenience; we likewise wish that if there be any young or -unsettled members be- longing to Presbytery these might be sent to us that we might have an opportunity of the Gospel once more regularly established and admin- istered in all the forms thereto belonging ; and your Supplicants as in duty bound shall ever pray." Appeal of the Paxtang Congregation -to the Moderator. "Paxtang, Oct. 1, 1797. " To the Moderator of the Reverend Presbytery of Carlisle : "Sir, — We again acknowledge our dependence and renew our request in praying Presbytery to give us such and as many supplies during the winter season as they can with convenience. The bearer, Mr. James Rutherford, is appointed our Commit^sioner to present this remonstrance to Presbytery and to answer such interrogatories as may be required of him. " Signed in behalf of Paxtang congregation by " Joshua Elder." Letter to the Moderator of Carlisle Presbytery, 1798. "Paxtang, Sept. 26, 1798. " To the Moderator of Carlisle Presbytery : " Sir, — The bearer, Edward Crouch, is our commissioner, appointed by the congregation of Paxtang to wait on the Reverend Presbytery of Carlisle with a call for the Reverend Joshua WilllEims for the one-third of his labors in union with Derry, whom we expect will apply for the remaining two-thirds; likewise to solicit the Presbytery to grant us Supplies in the meantime. Signed in behalf and with the approbation of the congregation by Joshua Elder." f Mr. Williams accepted the call, and was ordained and installed Oct. 2, 1799, Derry to receive two- thirds of his time and pay one hundred and twenty pounds, and Paxtang one-third and pay sixty pounds. This pastorate only lasted one year and eight months, ending on the 30th of June, 1801. Mr. Williams seems to have had trouble collecting his salary, for we find hio! complaining to Presbytery in 1803 about his salary arrears. The moderator was directed to write to these churches and say " that if these arrear- ages are not discharged before the next meeting of Presbytery, that body would be under the disagree- able necessity of withholding from them that attention and regard which they pay to churches under their care." This did not have much eflect, for we find them still unpaid in September, 1805. May 29, 1807, Mr. James E. Sharon was installed, both congregations agreeing to pay the same salary as that promised to Mr. Williams. In 1808 the " meeting-house" and "retiring-house" were put in thorough repair. As a matter of interest to their descendants, now widely scattered, we give the names of those contributing thereto.; Robert Elder James Cowden . Edward Crouch.... Elizabetli Gray John Gray John Wiggins..... James Rutherford Samuel Sherer , John Gilchrist Samuel Rutherford.... William Rutherford... Robert McClu're John Ritchey Thomas Smith Susanna Rutherford... Thomas Elder John Carson Josiah Espy James Awl John Allison. ... .Tames Cochran Ann Stephen John McCammon Mary Fulton Mai-y Rutherford William Larned James Stewart Joshua Elder Thomas EuiSn^ton.... John Elder £ «. 3 15 15 16 15 3 16 £ s. d. Sarah Wilson John Forster Charles Chamberlain. John Ross Michael Simpson. Jean Carson Joseph Burd Robert Gray Thomas Walker William Caldhoon John Rutherl\>rd Michael Simpson James Awl Joseph Burd David Patton Robert Gray Thomas Walker...; John Walker Jacob Richards Jean Wilson Frederick Hatton William Calhoon John Finney Joseph Wilson William Whitely David Stewart Thomas McCord Elizabeth Wills Hugh Stephen John Rutherford 2 6 10 16 10 7 6 ' 10 17 6 16 7 6 5 2 10 17 6 17 6 10 5 U 11 10 2 12 15 16 10 15 15 The "retiring-house" was a small log building near the church, used for meetings of session, and as a study by the pastor during the interval between the morning and afternoon service, and on week-days as a school-house. The " repairs" at this time consisted partly in the running up of two board partitions, thereby creating a vestibule at each end, with the audience-room in the centre. The partitions were of yellow pine, as was also the ceiling, which was placed in position at this time. The pews were left standing in the western vestibule, and were still in position within the memory of many of the present congregation. There was little uniformity in the Paxtang pews of that day, as each had been built by the family oc- cupying it, and by their own architect. Two huge ten-plate stoves were placed in the long aisle, the smoke from which ascended through pipes to the loft, and made its escape as best it could through a small hole in the comb of the roof. Mr. Sharon was a man of eminent piety, and was greatly beloved by his people. His pastorate covered a period of almost thirty-six years, and ended only with his life, April 18, 1843. During these years the gospel of peace reigned, and little is left for the his- torian but to record the fact. Oct. 1, 1844, the Presbytery of Carlisle met at Pax- tang. A call was placed in the hands of Rev. John M. Boggs, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Donegal. Mr. Boggs accepted, but asked that his ordination be postponed until the spring meeting, in order that he might attend the Theological Seminary at Princeton during the winter. His request was granted, and he was ordained April 9, 1845, and installed soon after as pastor of Paxtang and Derry. His pastorate was uneventful, and was dissolved Oct. 6, 1847. The field was now vacant for a period SWATARA TOWNSHIP. 399 of more than two years, during which time extensive alterations and repairs were made. The whole inside of the building was removed, the western door and the small window back of the pulpit walled up, new shingles placed upon the roof, and a floor laid through- out the entire building, the halls and ceiling plas- tered, the pulpit taken down from its perch on the north wall, and a new one placed at a much lower ele- vation against. the western wall. New pews of mod- ern style and uniform character were built, and the old pulpit, pews, and furniture, which had been in use since Mr. Elder's time, sold at public auction. Sept. 28, 1849, a call from Paxtang and Derry was placed in the hands of Rev. Andrew D. Mitchell, Paxtang promising three hundred dollars and Derry two hundred per annum. Mr. Mitchell accepted, and was ordained and installed April 10, 1850. Mr. Mitchell was a single man when he accepted these charges, but married a few years afterwards. Hitherto Paxtang had never needed a parsonage. "Bertram lived at Derry ; Elder and Sharon, who had occupied the field for a century, were both practical farmers and lived on their farms; Boggs was unmar- ried. It now, however, became necessary to provide a house for Mr. Mitchell, and the present parsonage was erected, and was occupied by him during the re- mainder of his pastorate, which ended Feb. 12, 1874. Near the close of Mr. Mitchell's pastorate the inside was again remodeled and arranged as it now stands. In November of the same year a call was made out for Eev. William W. Downey by Paxtang, Derry having died out. Mr. Downey accepted, and was in- stalled April 29, 1875. In 1878 this pastorate was dissolved, and the congregation has ever since been supplied by Eev. W. A. West, of Harrisburg. Intimately connected with Paxtang Church was a school which flourished from the earliest times down to the establishment of free schools in Dauphin County. The school was never under the control of the church as an ecclesiastical body, but the same men who composed the congregation were the patrons of the school, and the building itself was the property of the congregation. It may therefore fairly be con- sidered as an appendage of the church, and the old masters stood next in rank and dignity to the clergy- man. Here flourished such men as Francis Kerr, Joseph Allen, Benjamin White, James Couples, Fran- cis D. Oummings, and others celebrated in their day and generation as educators, and from whose instruc- tions went forth many young men afterwards distin- guished in every walk of life. Originally the congregation owned a tract of twenty acres in the shape of a parallelogram, whose length was about three times its width. Nearly forty years ago a portion of this tract was sold, leaving a square of six or eight acres, covered largely with forest-trees, among which are several giant oaks that were doubtless trees when Columbus landed on the shores of America. Near the centre of the tract stands the church, the parsonage occupies the south- east corner, and between the two lies the graveyard. In early times no distinct limits were set to the bury- ing-ground, and the people buried their dead any- where, according to their fancy, in the clearing to the south and southeast of the church. Graves were sel- dom marked, and a few years obliterated all trace of them. As families became permanent and the num- ber of these graves increased more care was taken, tombstones began to be erected and lots fenced in. The want of uniformity, however, in these fences and of regularity in the selection of lots rendered the grounds very unsightly, as well as very difficult to keep clear of weeds and briers. This state of affairs existed until 1791-92, when the ground was inclosed by a stone wall, the greater portion of which is still standing. This wall does not by any means include all the graves of Paxtang. It did, Jaowever, surround all that were marked by tombstones or protected by fences. The only one of these fences still standing is that around the graves of the Simpsons ; it is built of iron, and is in as good condition to-day as when first erected. In 1819 a new roof was placed upon the wall ; the contractor was Matthew Humes. The ground inclosed had very nearly all been buried over once, and some of it twice before the wall was erected. In course of time, therefore, it became impossible to dig a grave without disturbing the remains of several of the unknown and forgotten dead. In November, 1851, the following paper was drawn up and signed. It is in the handwriting of Joseph Gray : " At a meeting of the congregation of Paxtang Church, on the 27th of November, 1851, it was decided by a majority of the meeting, that the graveyard ouffiit to be enlarged about ninety feet, on the south side, and that the yard wall requires a new cover, either of wood, iron, or stone. We, the subscribers, whose names are hereto annexed, do promise to pay for said purpose the sums by us subscribed according to the materials which may be used for covering, the contract to be given by public let- ting to the lowest bidder or bidders." J. P. llutherford $20 Robert R. Elder 20 Abner Rutherford... 20 Joseph Gray 10 Josiah Espy 25 Joshua Elder 20 Thomas Elder 20 John Forster 10 Susanna Espy 10 Elizabeth G. Espy... 10 T. W. Bufflngton.... 10 Margaret Bigger.... 2 J. Wallace 3 Robert Wilsou 10 B. Jordan 15 William Gilmore.... 10 M. B. Oowden 16 John W. Cowden.... 1.5 James Gilchrist 8 Mary Gilchrist 10 Thomas Gilchrist... 10 Material. If of If of iron. wood, or stone. . $20 S30 30 30 Material. If of If of iron wood, or stone. 36 30 30 40 10 20 26 20 3 6 20 20 20 10 20 io i 10 I Robert Gilchrist 15 Robert McClure 20 John B.Rutherford 20 Wm.W. Kntberford 10 James Walker 6 Mary 0. Rutherfoi-d 10 S. S. llutherford 20 Samuel Gray.., 5 Jackson G. Ruther- ford William K. Espy.... 10 Margaret Rutlier- ford 10 Alex. Wills' heirs... 15 Matilda Brown 10 Elizabeth Elder 1 5 15 30 12 5 15 $426 $510 For wood. Iron or stone. The old south wall was taken down, and during the summer of 1852 the grounds were extended ninety feet, and the whole covered with wood, and so it stood until the summer of 1882, when the wall was again repaired, and a new roof of wood placed thereon. STEELTOJSr BOROUGH. In 1866, within the territory now comprising the boundaries of the flourishing town of Steelton there were only six families residing. The Pennsylvania Steel Company were organizing and prospacting for a site for their contemplated works. The board of directors came by a special train and quietly exam- ined the land now occupied by them. The object of their visit was not surmised. A few weeks afterwards Rudolph F. Kelker and Henry A. Kelker were ap- proached and solicited to make sale of the land. This, at first, they hesitated to do. It was a heritage from their father, Frederick Kelker, and they desired to transmit it to their children, for which reason, and the associations connected with it, they had always refund offers to purchase it. The land was covered by a warrant to Thomas Eenick, bearing date of March 27, 1738, and by a patent to Richard Peters, bearing date of March 19, 1747, "a tract of land in Paxtang township, Lancaster County." Frederick Kelker purchased the first tract of land of the heirs of John Snavely, April 1, 1830^ at thirty-seven dol- lars per acre, and another tract of the heirs of Felix Landis in 1843. When Dr. Lamborn, for the Penn- sylvania Steel .Company, observed what was to be the character of the works they intended to con- struct, Mr. Kelker consented to transfer the land to them. The matter was noised abroad, public interest was awakened, and different places desired the works to be located near them. There were gratuitous offers of land, and competition was strong. At Harrisburg subscriptions were invited, and a mass-meeting of its citizens held in the court-house, where impromptu speeches were made. The majority were in favor of locating the works below Harrisburg. The amount of land purchased by these contributions was as fol- lows : From Rudolph F. Kelker thirty-eight acres and one hundred and thirty-four perches at three hundred dollars per acre, and from Henry A. Kelker forty-three acres and one hundred and fourteen perches at three hundred dollars per acre. The line extends from the centre of the canal to the river at low-water mark. The deed was given Jan. 8, 1866. The entire amount was estimated at $24,577.50. Sub- sequently the company bought with their own means fifteen acres and fifty-two perches from Rudolph F. Kelker at 1300 per acre, equal to $4597.50. So the total cost of the land was $29,175. This does not in- clude the recent purchase of land from Henry Gilbert 400 and others. The subscribers to purchase the land of the Messrs. Kelker, and which was presented to the Pennsylvania Steel Company, were J. D. Cameron, $4000; Henry A. Kelker, $3778.75; Rudolph F. Kelker, $2358.25; William Calder, $1000; Simon Cameron, f 1000 ; First National Bank, $1000 ; Har- risburg National Bank, $1000 ; David Mumma, $1000 ; Alexander Koser, $1000 ; Walter L. Trevwick, $700 ; Peter Stucker, $700; Immanuel M. Kelker, $500; George Trullinger & Co., $500 ; Jacob R. Eby, $500 ; John B. Simon, $500 ; Aaron Bombaugh, $500 ; Dan- iel Sheesley, $500 ; Geo. Bergner, $500 ; D. W. Gross & Co., $250 ; A. Boyd Hamilton, $200 ; W. 0. Hickok, 200 ; Henry Booser, $125 {who refused to pay, and the same was paid by Henry A. Kelker) ; Jacob Boyer, $125 ; Jacob Esheuaur, $100 ; Isaac Mumma, $100 ; Jacob Reel, $100 ; William Parkhill, $100 ; Samuel S. Rutherford, $100; Christian E. Hess, $100; David Ober, $100 ; Joseph Rudy, $100 ; Bigler & Son, $100 ; Martin Wetzel, $100 ; Eager & Maeyer, $100 ; Thomas J. Weirman, $100 ; Henry Brown, $100 ; Jacob C. Bomberger, $100 ; Weidner W. Boyer, $100 ; D. Ep- pley"& Co., $100; Geo. J. Bolton, $100; Lewis Koenig (Chesnut Street), $100; Abner Rutherford, $100 ; B. S. Kunkel, $100 ; J. B. Rutherford, $100 ; J. and J. R. Greenawalt, $100 ; Robert Tippett, $100 ; Jacob S. Haldeman, $100 ; Michael Frantz, $100 ; J. J. Bishop, $75; Jacob Bender, $75; Martin Good, $50; Charles F. Muench, $50; Henry Opperman, $50 ; John Myers, $50 ; John Dellar, $50 ; L. Koenig (Paxtang Street), $50 ; Philip Lewis, $50 ; J. Brisbin Boyd, $50 ; J. Adam Frederick, $50; William Bishop, $25 ; W. S. Shaffer & Bro., $25 ; Theodore F. Scheffer, $25; John Hoffer, $25; Christian Snavely, $25; Daniel Leedy, $20; John Sautter, $20; George Fearster, $10 ; George Keil, $10 ; George Hermans- darfer, $10 ; Ensminger & Adams, $10 ; George Win- ters, $10 ; Carl Bucher, $5 ; H. Shrenk, $5 ; H. Hunts- berger, $5 ; Dickel & Treida, $5 ; C. Forney, $6. Total $24,577.50. Having disposed of this quantity of their land for the Pennsylvania Steel- Works, R. F. Kelker bought forty-five acres from Abraham Wolf, and twenty-two acres from Jacob Bender, and also fifty acres for Henry A. Kelker. Completing their purchases, Mr. Kelker commenced to lay out building lots, and offer- ing them for sale. They were only sold to purchasers intending to build, and not with a purpose to advance STEELTON BOROUGH. 401 the plans of land speculators. This land was the first laid out, and was done by E. F. Kelker in person. The lots were in what was formerly known as Lower Baldwin. The surveying was done in April, 1866, by Jt)hn W. Cowden. Arrangements were made to have streets fifty feet in width, and alleys twenty feet, and each lot to front on a street, and also on an alley. The prices received for the lots varied from one hundred to two hundred and fifty dollars each, according to location. Henry A. Kelker immediately afterwards began to lay out his lots in what was afterwards called Central Baldwin. Adjoining the latter was the farm of Walter L. Trewick. A part of this was sold to the Steel Cpmpany, the remainder to Charles L. Bailey, of Harrisburg, who subsequently sold to Josiah Dunkle. After the location of the steel-works, the oflBcers of the company conferred with Rudolph F. Kelker as to the name of the prospective town. They suggested the name of Matthew Baldwin, a distinguished phi- lanthropist, and the founder of the Baldwin Loco- motive-Works at Philadelphia. The name, however, presented difficulties which perhaps were unforeseen. There was a town in Allegheny County called Bald- win, and also a post-offlce in Butler County of the same name. When the need of a post-office arose, the name chosen was " Steel-works." The post-office was established in 1871, and Joseph B. Meredith ap- pointed postmaster. In October, 1880, the post-office name was changed from Steel-works to Steelton, and the town, including the surrounding villages, subse- quently incorporated as Steelton. The steel-works are situated between the river and the canal, on a level tract of bottom land. Steelton until its absorption of Ewington was located mainly on the turnpike running from Middletown to Harris- burg, and extends nearly a mile. The old turnpike runs parallel with the canal. There are streets which are laid out running back upon the adjoining lands. In 1875, Messrs. Purdy and Ewing laid out a town on the river directly above the steel-works, which was called Ewington. After the incorporation of the borough :of Steelton application was made to the court to include within its limits the town of Ewing- ton, which was directed. The latter had as remark- able a growth and prosperity aa the old town of Bald- win. Comprised in one municipality, Steelton is the second town in population in the county, containing possibly five thousand inhabitants. PBNNSTLVANIA STEBL-WORKS. The Pennsylvania Steel-Works are the most prominent establishment of the kind in the United States. The importance of the improvements in the manufacture of steel as developed by Bessemer, Kelly, and others, and the bearing of those im- provements on the interests of railways, was early recognized by prominent men in Pennsylvania, and, 26 after due investigation of the subject, at a meeting held June 26,, 1865, they became associated, and or- ganized the company known as the Pennsylvania Steel Company, and finally secured a charter with liberal provisions. The capital stock first subscribed was two hundred thousand dollars, which was subse- quently increased as the progress of the utidertaking required, and the business expanded, until two mil- lion dollars have been invested. When the company first organized Mr. Samuel M. Felton was chosen president, and he has ever since continued to preside over the affairs of the company. The Susquehanna Valley having been early se- lected as the district in which the works should be located, an eligible site was secured about three miles from the city of Harrisburg, and, after the grounds had been surveyed and graded, the excavations were made and the masonry commenced on the 12th day of May, 1866. The Bessemer or pneumatic process was adopted, and the construction and arrangement of the steel plant, with two converters of the nominal capacity of five tons each, was according to plans prepared prin- cipally under the direction of Mr. Alexander L. Hol- ley, who became the company's superintendent Jan- uary, 1867. The work of erection was pushed as rapidly as possible, and in May, 1867, was sufficiently advanced to commence the manufacture of steel in- gots, the first blow being made May 25, 1867. The ingots were forwarded to Johnstown, Pa., to be rolled in the iron rail-mills of Cambria Iron Company (as the rail-mill of this company was not completed), and the rails were then delivered to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and put into service, being the first steel rails ever produced in this country on an order in regulai" course of business. At that date the great superiority of steel rails over iron rails for railway purposes had already been dem- onstrated on several of our most important railways, and railway managers were generally beginning to have some conception of the decrease in cost of main- taining their tracks, which could be effected by the use of steel rails, but as they had been previous to that time supplied only by foreign manufacturers, the cost was heavy, and precluded the idea of their adoption, except for places where traffic was very great, with trains so frequent that repairs to track were difficult to make. The importance, therefore, to the railway interest, of the successful commence- ment at these works of the manufacture of steel, and the demonstration that in due time the railways of this country would be no longer dependent on foreign manufacturers for a supply of this most important auxiliary to their progress, can scarcely be over- estimated. In May, 1868, the rail-mill was completed and went into operation, making rails directly from small ingots. The improvement of the quality secured by making large ingots, and hammering the steel before 402 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. rolling into rails, had already been discovered, and in 1869 the company completed a forge department, where the largest steam hammer then in the country was employed in preparing the steel blooms for the rail-mill. The practice of hammering was continued without interruption until December, 1876, when a blooming-mill, with a powerful train of blooming- or cogging-rolls, was completed, by which the capacity of the works was greatly increased; and since then, except when rail orders have specially required hammered blooms, the forge department has been devoted to the production of billets and forgings. This company increased its capacity for the pro- duction of steel by erecting, in 1876, an open-hearth plant, with two five-ton Siemens' melting furnaces, for producing steel on the open hearth. This plant was operated with success for several years, and, al- though the product was principally required for rails, a high reputation was secured for the special qualities of " S. M. Steel," of which quantities were made from time to time. To provide room for extending the blooming-mill, the first plant was removed, and has been replaced by a new and improved plant, with two twenty-ton furnaces, on original plans, embody- ing many important improvements affecting the con- venience of operating and repairing, and the cost of manufacture. The building is brick, with iron roof, and is constructed in the most substantial manner, provided with abundant tracks, elevators, cranes, etc., for the handling of materials and products. The capacity of the original Bessemer plant having proved insufficient to meet the demand for the com- pany's products, although the output had been many times greater than was contemplated when it was erected, the company decided upon the erection of an additional Bessemer plant, which was completed and commenced operations in 1881. The new plant has three eight-ton converters, with two pits, and has been arranged and constructed on original plans, which secure great facility for the handling of the materials and products, with a capa- city which has already reached an output of over eight hundred tons of steel in one day of twenty-four hours. All the engines, boilers, and machinery of the new plant were constructed in the shops of the company, and are all of the most substantial con- struction. The buildings are of stone, with iron roofs, and are reached from all sides by tracks con- veniently arranged. The No. 1 Bessemer plant has recently been adapted to the " Thomas Gilchrist" or " basic" pro- cess of converting and dephosphorizing, by which ma- terial formerly not available for steel purposes may be used. The first charge was converted May 7, 1883, being the first produced in this country by the "basic" process. The company commenced the erection of blast-furnaces in 1872 to produce pig-iron for their own purposes, and completed No. 1 furnace in 1873, and No. 2 furnace in 1875. These furnaces were of highly-approved designs and large capacity, since increased very much by the use of the Whit- well patent hot-blast stoves, and have produced out- puts of iron comparing favorably with any blast-fur- naces in the country. Two additional furnaces. No. 3 and No. 4, of the largest class are in progress, nearly completed, and will soon enable the company to produce most of the iron they require. A very large rolling-mill has been erected, and is now being equipped with the latest improved machinery for rolling steel billets and all shapes of merchant bars. This mill is expected to require for its supply of steel a large portion of the steel from the open-hearth furnaces and from the ".basic" converters of the No. 1 Bessemer plant. The company commenced the manufacture of rail- road switches, frogs, etc., in 1872, and have enjoyed the patronage of railroads in every part of the coun- try to an extent that has frequently required en- largement of their facilities. For this department a substantial brick building nearly five hundred feet long has lately been erected, and is still receiving ad- ditional machinery. The company have also com- menced the manufacture of interlocking switches and signals, and have acquired valuable patents covering important improvements in this branch of railway safety appliances. The repair departments, consisting of pattern- shop and foundry, machine- and smith-shop's, and boiler-shop, are all of large capacity, with substantial brick buildings, and thoroughly equipped for the re- production of any portion of the machinery and ap- pliances used in the works, also to produce the heavy steam-engines and other machinery that the new plants, mills, and furnaces may require. No labor strike has ever occurred at the works, and in view of the liberality of the company toward its labor, and the intelligence of the thrifty and in- dustrious employes, it is hoped that none may ever occur. The company has steadily preferred to make quality of product the great object. At the same time the production has increased with a healthy growth, as may be noted in the following memoranda : 1867 1,005 gross tons 1868 4,181 " 1869 7,097 " 1870 11,340 " 1871 M,28l 1872 20,616 " 1873 24,924 1874 29,231 1875 40,919 " 1876 66,263 " 1877 68,995 " 1878 83,765 " 1879 92,486 " 1880 112,886 " 1881 127,658 " 1882 178,180 000 gross tons rails. 1,221 5,629 8,835 13,208 15,091 19,053 21,076 31,744 46,766 56,821 67,071 67,703 85,733 94,484 126,614 Bessemer steel. is produced from pig-iron, which must be of a particular quality, made from the purest ores, although its appearance is the same as the iron commonly used in foundries for making eas,tings. It is ES5Ti(ail@[a ^DEW ©IF ©lEgSEDSll^ iTllIU-flSaOILiL, ^UWWmi'^lhm^ STEEL-WOE [K@. STEELTON BOROUaH. 403 the common practice to melt the iron in the convert- ing department, as in this way a better commingling of the various qualities is obtained, but the iron is sometimes brought in the melted state directly from the blast-furnaces in which it has been made in large ladles, mounted on trucks running on elevated tracks, into the converting department. The ladle must in either case stand at a considerable height from the general level that the melted metal may flow through suitable troughs into the " converting vessels," and the cupolas are placed still higher, so that the iron may run from the cupolas into the large ladle. The " converters" or " vessels" are large egg-shaped affairs, made principally of heavy plate iron, with trunnions, on which they turn up or down, and they are connected with powerful hydraulic machinery, by which they may be made to turn as desired. The converters are lined very thickly with fire-bricks and other refractory materials adapted to resist the in- tense heat. The bottom or lower part of the lining is made of perforated fire-bricks (called tuyeres), through which the air is blown into the converter, and this part is made to be readily removed and re- placed when necessary. The air is conveyed by pass- ages extending through the trunnions of the converter, connecting with pipes leading from the engine. To receive a charge the converter is turned down, so that the mouth is opposite the end of the troughs or " runners," through which the iron flows down and pours into the converter, the iron giving off" quantities of sparks and making a brilliant spectacle, which is, however, surpassed by that presented when the air is let on and the converter turned back to the upright position, as the powerful blast of air (twenty to twenty-flve pounds pressure per square inch) when it flrst bursts through the metal forces out showers of bright sparks, which for a moment appear to fill the air. As pig-iron contains about two per cent, of silicon and four per cent, of carbon, and as the steel must be practically free from silicon, and have only about four-tenths of one per cent, of carbon, to convert the iron into steel the silicon and carbon must be entirely removed. By forcing through the molten pig-iron such immense quantities of atmospheric air the car- bon in the iron combines with the oxygen of the air, and, being consumed, passes off in the form of gas ; the silicon being also oxidized is removed from the iron ; and when all of these elements are thus ex- pelled the material arrives at the condition (chemi- cally) of pure iron, and is then ready for the addi- tion of the recarbonizing material, which returns to the charge enough carbon to give the steel the re- quired carbonization. To convert a charge requires from fifteen to twenty minutes. At first there is comparatively little flame passing out of the converter, but it rapidly increases, passing with a dull roar into chimney-stacks above the mouth of the converter, ' - ^'-- ^^—^ As the blast continues, the flame increases more and more, and grows in bril- liancy until it rivals the light of the sun and becomes too bright for unaccustomed eyes, passing out of the stacks high into the air, lighting up at night the vicinity, the noise having also increased to a roar, which may be heard at considerable distance. After the carbon has been expelled the flame loses bril- liancy and drops very noticeably, the blast is shut off, and the converter is turned down. As the converter is turned down the blast again sends out a splendid shower of sparks. At this point the recarbonizing material is introduced. This is Spiegeleisen, a metallic combination of iron and manganese with carbon. It is melted same as the pig-iron, and a quantity proportionate to the weight of the charge is run into the converter. It instantly pervades the metal in the converter, throwing off flames of a very peculiar hue as the manganese and carbon combine with the metal, and the charge at once becomes steel ' and is discharged into the steel ladle. In front of the converters are two semicircular pits several feet deep, and in the centre of each pit the powerful hydraulic crane which supports the steel ladle is placed. The steel ladle is swung around under the mouth of the converter and the steel is poured into the ladle, after which it is swung back over the cast-iron moulds that are ranged along the side of the pit, and the steel is discharged through the bottom of the ladle into the moulds, where it soon congeals and takes the form of "ingots," containing enough steel for several rails. After the steel is poured out of the converter another charge of iron is run into the same or another converter, and the above repeated. As there are three converters in the converting department of the Pennsylvania Steel Company, one is always ready to use, and the process goes on day and night. As soon as the ingot loosens itself from the mould by contraction the mould is stripped ofi", and the ingots are loaded soon as possi- ble, while red-hot, on trucks for removal. The ingots, ladles, moulds, and all heavy articles are handled by the aid of hydraulic cranes; whose power is derived from powerful pumps that furnish a pressure of two hundred and eighty pounds to the square inch, the pressure being applied by persons stationed where they can observe every operation and apply the pressure as it is needed. When a charge of ingots has been loaded on the trucks, a small locomotive speedily moves it to the blooming-mill, where the ingots are reheated in fur- naces, and are then passed through the blooming- rolls, which reduce the size to seven inches square. The ingot is then cut into pieces of length required to make a rail, which under the name of blooms are conveyed to the rail-mill, where the blooms are re- heated and rolled into rails. After the rails have cooled they are inspected to find any defects, made straight and true, and drilled at the ends for the splices. 404 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. STEELTON SCHOOL BUILDING. When the borough of Steelton was incorporated, one of the most perplexing questions was how to provide school facilities for the rapidly-increasing population that would be in keeping with the enterprising char- acter of its citizens and the affairs comraitted to their charge. It became evident the provisions of the statute laws regulating common schools would be en- tirely inadequate, and that for a number of years large sums would have to be expended for school sites and the erection of school buildings. By the usual experience the prospect was that upon undesir- able locations ill-adapted and indifferent buildings would be erected for schools as necessity compelled. own expense of a first-class modern school building, to be incorporated into the common-school system of the borough. In doing this they would relieve the borough of an oppressive tax for school buildings for a term of years, and thus enable the school revenue to be devoted to the direct tuition of the children, making it practicable to secure high standards from the commencement. Although the expenditure of a large sum of money for such a purpose may appear to some as unwarranted, and to be classed as extravagant on the part of the company, the management of the Pennsylvania Steel Company have abiding confidence that only a few years will be required to demonstrate the wisdom PUBLIC SCHOOL, STEELTON. and that at the end of say ten years there would have been expended a large sum of money, resulting in a collection of buildings, that although meeting immedi- ate needs at the period of erection, would be by that time entirely unsuitable for the requirements of the schools, many of them hemmed in on all sides by business-places or other association equally unsuit- able ; that sooner or later the whole matter would re- quire revision, and with much expense abandon the makeshift policy and meet the necessity of providing proper accommodations. Holding such views of the future, the management of the Pennsylvania Steel Company, feeling they would be held largely respon- sible for such a condition of affairs, decided to pro- vide for the needs in advance by the erection at its of anticipating the share of expenses they would have to bear, and at the outset making it practicable for the children of their employes to enjoy school privileges of the highest type, both as regards buildings and tuition. The site upon which this building stands is a promi- nent one, and embraces all of the actual requisites for a school building, especially in regard to sanitary conditions. It is high, therefore is surrounded with abundance of light and air, and affords perfect drainage. It is located sufficiently back from the main thoroughfares of the town to insure perfect quiet, and easily approached from a winding roadway which follows up a ravine. This ravine extends each side of the hill upon which the building stands, and iai£8a©i!M©l ©1^ TiHi ByiFilMRlVKMlOlKll iTlllLTOIKI, ©^ PHDIKl ©©■» l^'^" iTriB[L-W©IRIK8 STEELTON BOROUGH. 405 is sufficiently steep to form a barrier against any en- croachments or obstructions in the future which would interfere with its present excellence. Although this is an elevated site, it is yet protected from bleak- ness by higher lands back of it. From its elevated and commanding position a beautiful view is obtained of the surrounding country for miles away, the town forming the foreground, while the city of Harrisburg and the quiet Susquehanna mingle in the background. The building has an extreme length of one hundred and forty-eight feet four inches and width of seventy- nine feet eight inches, and in outline is a parallelo- gram. It is built of brick, trimmed with brownstone, in the modern Renaissance style, the chief character- istics of which are three distinct features, i.e., a cen- tral and two end pavilions. The central pavilion, being the highest, is a little more decided in character, one of the features being a graceful stone balcony projecting from the exhibition hall windows at the level of the second floor. The character of the end pavilions consists mainly in the treatment of the en- trance-ways, with large double and circular-headed windows opening upon the staircase landings above them. The roofs are quite steep, and are slated, and each pavilion is surmounted with a liberal-sized ven- tilating tower ; the hips and ridges are capped with copper mouldings, and at all the principal points rise ornamental finials. The accommodations of the interior are arranged on two floors, consisting of ten school-rooms, an ex- hibition hall, and a principal's room. The school- rooms are of uniform size, thirty-three feet by twenty- six feet (intended for fifty-six single desks) ; six of them, with the master's room, are situated on the first floor, while four .with the exhibition hall are on the second floor. Each school-room has its separate ward- robe for the pupils' clothing and teacher's closet. The rooms are abundantly lighted, the windows being arranged iu all cases so that the greater portion of the light is received at the left of the pupils. Each window has its head near the ceiling, and is provided with a double run of sash. This system of sashes is made a means of ventilation without creating draughts by a simple appliance of dropping the inner upper half, at the same time raising the outer lower half, thus directing the volume of air between the two sashes towards the ceiling. To further assist in controlling the air as well as the light of the school- room, each window is fitted with inside folding- blinds with rolling slats. The grouping of these school-rooms, which consti- tutes the general plan of the building, is upon the German principle, which consists in confining the width of the building as near as possible to the width of one room and corridor, thus gaining a better system of lighting and a freer circulation of air. The basement is well elevated above the lot, and is devoted principally to play-rooms for .the children, being thoroughly lighted and ventilated. Sufficient space is reserved for the boiler- and fuel-rooms. The mode of construction of this school-house differs from any known in this country. It is thoroughly fire- proof, the floor-beams being of iron with brick arches between, and the staircase also of iron. The interior finish is of pine, the walls are wainscoted throughout with narrow strips to the height of three and a half feet, the workmanship and all being of the most sub- stantial character. The heating and ventilation is on the system of indirect steam, the fresh air being con- ducted from a reservoir through underground ducts, and admitted to the steam coils at the ceiling of the basement, or about five feet above the level of the lot, and from the coils conducted by tin pipes, two to each room, the size of each pipe being graduated to pro- vide eight cubic feet to each occupant of the room. The fresh-heated air in each case is admitted against the window surface or cold side of the room, and on the opposite side two ventilating-pipes of equal ca- pacity to exhaust the vitiated air. These pipes are con- ducted to the three ventilating-turrets at the highest points of the roof. CHURCHES. The Methodist Episcopal Church, Steelton, was organized about 1868, and its first church edifice erected in 1869 on the grounds of the Steel Company, opposite the blast-furnace, on the road leading from Steelton to the depot. While the building was in course of construction there wks preaching in the dining-room of the boarding-house,— the building afterwards occupied by the company's offices. This church was subsequently removed and rebuilt on its present site in 1877. It was originally a mission of Grace Church, Harrisburg, in connection with Loch- iel. The pastors have been: 1869, John Stringer; 1870, Wesley C. Johnson; 1871-74, John W. Sayrer; 1874, John A. Cooper; 1875-78, Thomas M. Jack- son ;'l878-80, John H. Wood ; 1880-83, A. L. Urban ; 1883, G. A. Wolfe. The parsonage is on Lincoln Street. A United Beetheen (Centenaey) Congregation was organized in 1867 -by Rev. Jeremiah C. Smith, and religious worship held in the old school-house (also used by the Methodists and Episcopalians). The congregation afterwards purchased the old school- house for two hundred dollars and remodeled it. In 1868 it was made an appointment with Highspire, in 1873 made an appointment with Churchville, and in 1874 made a station. The pastors have been : 1868, Rev. J. C. Smith ; 1869, J. L. Smith, J. Mumma ; 1870, W B. Evers; 1871, D. O. Farrell, G. A. Mack ; 1872, D Farrell; 1873, A. V. H. Gosweiler; 1874, E. F. Light, L. Peters; 1875, S. Peters; 1876-80, H. C. Philips; 1880-82, J. Mumma; 1883, J. R.Hutchison. The present church edifice, a two-story frame build- ing, was erected in 1874 on Second Street. 'Trinity Protestant Episcopal Mission, with the Rev. Jacob Miller as rector, was established in Steelton in 1882. 406 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Congrega- tion was organized in 1875, and its church edifice in Steelton erected in same year. Its pastors have been Eevs. Edward Daron, Samuel Tingling, and W. S. Parr. The present pastor is Rev. M. J. Hocker. The Sunday-school was established in 1874. St. James' Roman Catholic Church building was erected in 1878, on land purchased of Hon. J. D. Cameron. Its pastor is Rev. M. J. McBride, who has oflBciated from the outset. It has a prosperous Sunday-school. The African Methodist Episcopal Church was built in 1874 in " Cooney Hollow," where most of the colored population resided. The Sunday- school was organized in 1873. Rev. John 0. Brock was pastor in 1879, and largely built up the congrega- tion in numbers and material strength. The minister at present in charge is Rev. Gr. R. Miller. A Presbyterian Congregation was organized in 1881, and hold their services in Reehling's Hall, Rev. William G. McDannold pastor. The Token of Progress, a weekly newspaper, was established in April, 1875, by Frank McClure. It was at first a four-page sheet of four columns each, and thus continued until October, 1876, when Joseph A. Work became part proprietor. In May, 1877, the latter purchased the interests of the former publishers, subsequently associating with him his brother, James W. Work. The name of the paper was changed in May, 1878, to The Weekly Item, and enlarged it to a twenty-column journal. Upon the incorporation of the borough of Steelton the title of the newspaper was changed to The Steelton Item, and the publication continued under its former management. In the spring of 1882, William H. H. Seig, of Harrisburg, an experienced printer and journalist, was induced to start a daily newspaper at Steelton, The Steelton Daily Reporter, which he continued to publish about six months, when it was discontinued for want of proper support. The publication of the weekly Steelton Reporter, however, has in some raeaa- ure taken the place of the former enterprise. Chuechville is a flourishing village about one mile and a fourth northeast of Steelton. It is a town of recent origin, and takes its name from the place having two large and well-supported churches, the Lutheran and United Brethren. " Chambers' Ferry."— This old landmark of Pro- vincial days is located a short distance below Steel- ton. It was on the main route to Carlisle, as teams going west crossed here, saving several miles from that going by Harris' Ferry. In later years it went by the name of "Half-way House." Through many generations the feri-y privileges were preserved, and in all subsequent transfers of property these have been specially noted and reserved. The Chambers' Ferry right is now vested in Rudolph F. Kelker, of Harrisburg. LOWER PAXTANG TOWNSHIP. This township was never actually authorized, but was what remained of the original township of Pax- tang, from which had been carved towns and town- ships until the northeast section, now comprising Lower Paxtang, was left. It was never officially so named, but to distinguish it from that of Upper Pax- tang was thus designated. As we find the township on the county maps, it is bounded on the north by Middle Paxtang township, the ridge of the First Mountain being the line, on the east by West Han- over township, on the south by Swatara township, and on the west by Susquehanna township. It con- tains many fine, fertile farms, and is well watered. The township was first settled by the Scotch-Irish, all of whom have gone out from this section, and the descendants of the Pennsylvania Germans occupy the magnificent -fields and farms. The early schools of what now includes Lower Pax- tang township were connected with Wenrich's and Shoop's Churches, and one in Linglestown. They were supported by the citizens and managed by the teachers, and date back as early as 17G5. LINGLESTOWN. Linglestown is situated nine miles from Harris- burg, not far from the base of the First Mountain, and six miles from the Susquehanna River. It was laid out by Thomas Lingle in 1765, and called St. Thomas, but afterwards changed to Linglestown. In 1860, Dr. W. C. Smith laid out an addition south of the town, which is gradually becoming improved. The proposed Boston and South Mountain Railroad runs through the village. John Hoofnagle, born in 1800, is the oldest person living in the town. The oldest house is a log structure, built about 1771, and now owned by George Walmer, but has not been oc- LOWER PAXTANG TOWNSHIP. 407 cupied for some years. There are no immediate de- scendants of Thomas Lingle, the founder of the town, living now in the place or its immediate vicinity. The old tannery of Samuel Mcllhenny was built at the beginning of the century. The schools of Linglestown date from the laying out of the town in 1765. They compared favorably with those already described, and continued until about the close of the last century, when another log house was built and maintained by subscriptions. Among the most prominent teachers was Amos Wick- ersham, a Quaker, who resided at Middletown, who was a master mathematician and grammarian, pos- sessing all the characteristics of a perfect gentleman, as well as a scholar. John Focht, who taught seven- teen years before the free schools were introduced and twelve years after, was also the founder of the Linglestown Institute. The results of his labors are seen and' felt to this day in the community. He was succeeded in the same institution by John Strock. To the foregoing Lower Paxtang township owes its present educational enthusiasm. There is no town in the county that has produced more or better teachers and is better represented in the normal schools and colleges than Linglestown. The most active men in favor of adopting free schools, etc., were Dr. Houtz, Judge Cowden, Dr. David Umber- ger, and Andrew Miller, all men of influence and ed- ucation. The present two-story brick school building was erected in 1876. The United Beetheek Church is a neat one- story frame building, which was remodeled in 1881. Its pastor is Rev. Joseph F. Meredith, of Grantville. Ohuech op God (Bethel). — This congregation was organized in 1826-27 by Rev. John Winebrenner, and was among the first churches of this denomina- tion in the county. Since 1866 the pastors have been : 1866, W. L. Jones ; 1867, J. W. Deshong ; 1868-70, Thomas Still; 1870-72, Simon Fleigle; 1872-76, Abraham Snyder ; 1876-78, S. S. Richmond ; 1878-80, S. C. Stonesifer; 1880-82, J. C. Seabrook. The Lutheran and Reformed Church edifice was built and is occupied by the Lutheran and Re- formed congregations jointly. It is an elegant two- story brick structure. The original meeting-house was a log building built about the year J766. At this writing neither denomination has a resident pas- tor, and its old records are therefore inaccessible. The Methodist Episcopal Church have an organization here, of which the Rev. E. Potts was the first pastor, in 1873, but further facts we have not been able to secure. The Linglestown Cemetery, tastefully laid out and beautifully ornamented, located south of the town, in which is erected a monument twenty-five feet high to the memory of the heroic dead who died during the late civil war of 1861-65. The base is granite from the Gettysburg battle-field, the other parts marble. Its design is artistic and the execu- tion faultless. It was erected in 1863 by the loyal citizens, through the energy of Dr. W. C. Smith. Shoop's Church (Lutheran and Reformed). — As early as 1771 there was a sufiicient settlement of Germans in what is now Lower Paxtang town- ship to invite the attention of traveling missionaries of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches. Among the early baptisms performed by the Lutheran mis- sionary preachers we find that the first was that of Johannes Schupp (Shoop), son of Christopher and Rosina Shoop, born May 5, 1771, and baptized June 5, 1771, following which occur baptisms in the same family for several successive years. In 1783 the Lu- theran members of the Reformed Church organized two separate congregations and built alog meeting- house to be jointly used by them for worship. This house was at first called " Beckstein," but shortly afterwards changed to " Schupp's Kirche," in honor of Johannes Schupp (now called Shoop), one of the earliest and most prominent settlers in this section. The first four baptisms after the organizatio'n of this church were : 1. JouaB, Bon of Johaanos Heinrich Seller and hie wife Veronica; born May 10, 1780 ; baptized June 14, 1783. 2. Jacob, Bon of Jolin Adi^m and Mary Level; born May 1, 1783; baptized June 18, 1783. 3. Christopher, son of Philip and Anna Barbara Parthemer; born June, 1783 ; baptized June 29, 1783. 4. Johan Adam, eon of Frederick and Catharina Schweitzer; bap- tized June 29, 1783. Among the earliest marriages were those of Philip Frederick Shoop to Elizabeth Nass, and Carl Welker to Catharina Nass, both on May 4, 1784. We find that Rev. Philip Gloninger, pastor of the Reformed Church in Harrisburg, preached at Shoop's Church during his pastorate, July 17, 1808, to June 26, 1814. His successors. Rev. Frederick Rahauser, Rev. John Winebrenner, Rev. Alfred Helfenstein, Jr., and Rev. Daniel Zacharias, ' also ministered statedly there. The congregation was a part of the Harrisburg charge during the pastorates of these ministers, and most likely for years previous. For more than twenty years after the pastorate of Rev. Zacharias the Rev. David Bossier served the Reformed congregation at Shoop's Church, during which time he resided in Harrisburg. For a number of years subsequently the Reformed congregations at Hummelstown, Shoop's, Wenrich's, and Union Deposit were served by one pastor, who resided at Hummelstown. At present (1883) Hummelstown, Wenrich's, and Union Deposit Reformed Churches constitute the Hummelstown charge, and Shoop's Church and Shell's Church constitute the Hanover charge, sup- plied at present by Rev. A. S. Staufier, pastor of the Hum melstown charge. SUSQUEHANNA TOWNSHIP. An order was issued by the Court of Quarter Ses- sions on the 30th of January, 1815, returnable on the 1st of April succeeding, to three commissioners to inquire into the propriety of granting the prayer of inhabitants of Lower Paxtang township asking for a division of said township. The commissioners re- ported in favor of a division, and that they had run the dividing line as follows, to wit : "Beginning at the top of the first bench of the mountain, north of the plantation of Andrew Ste- phens, at a hickory-tree ; thence south seventeen de- grees east eighteen hundred and fifty-six perches to the intersection of the northern lineofSwatara town- ship near the head of Joshua Elder's mill-dam ; in the course of which division line we passed about fifty perches west of John Beck's, about twenty perches east of Andrew Stephens's, close to the west end of Miller's mill on Paxtang Creek, about fifty yards west of George Hain's, about half-way between Shupp's and Parthemer's; thence about fifty yards east of Daniel Ferree's; thence about fifty perches west of Martin Mayer's; thence west of Christian Eby's about forty yards ; thence east of John Carson's about twenty perches to the intersection of Swatara line about sixty perches farther on." This report was confirmed by the court on the 1st of May, 1815, and it was ordered that the western di- vision be called Susquehanna township. For a sub- sequent alteration of the south lines of this township, see Swatara township, — the mill-dam there.called Kim- bortz is the same which is called Elder's above. (See Road Docket, 1809-15, page 431.) The township of Susquehanna was and yet is bounded in part by the city of Harrisburg, the limits of which were extended to the northwest by the act of 16th April, 1838. In August, 1847, the court appointed commissioners to ascertain the new line of this township, dividing it from the then borough of Harrisburg, who reported the following, to wit : " Beginning at a point at the river Susquehanna near the house of George Hammond ; thence a straight line north sixty-four degrees east to a post at the Pax- tang Creek near a willow-tree two hundred and fifty- nine perches." This report was confirmed by the court on the 24th January, 1848. By the act of 1860, incorporating the city of Harrisburg, the boundaries of Susquehanna 408 were further trenched upon. The township as now constituted is bounded on the north by Middle Pax- tang township, east by Lower Paxtang township, south by Swatara township and the line of the city of Harrisburg, and on the west by the Susquehanna Eiver to the western line of the county. It is named for the river. The lower portion of the towns"hip was included in the manor of Paxtang, to which reference has been made in the history of Harr-isburg. The township comprises some of the richest farming lands in the county, especially that portion fronting the river. ESTHEETON. — This place, known to the present generation as Coxestown, was laid out during the French and Indian war by Dr. John Cox, Jr., of Philadelphia, and named by him for his wife Esther. In point of time it was probably the second town laid out within the limits of the county of Dauphin, Mid- dletown preceding it one or two years. The first notice we have of Estherton is on the 2d of October, 1767, when Dr. John Cox, Jr., and his wife Esther, of Philadelphia, by deed did grant and confirm to " The Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gos- pel in Foreign Parts" a lot of ground situate in the " New Town" on the east side of the Susquehanna, lately laid out by the said John Cox, and called Estherton, bounded by Third Street to the westward, by lot No. 65 to the northward, by a sixteeen and one-half feet wide alley to the eastward, by lot No. 79 .to the southward, in breadth north and south sixty-six feet and two huhdred feet long, " for a site for a church and burial-ground for a religious society in commu- nion with the Established Church of England for ever." During the Sullivan campaign of 1779 Es- therton was an important point, being the depot of supplies for that army, from whence they were con- veyed in bateaux built at Middletown up the Susque- hanna. Maj. Cornelius Cox, deputy commissary of purchases ■ during the Revolution, who resided at Estherton, was a son of the original proprietor, and it was under his management that the supplies were furnished to Sullivan's army, aiding in a great meas- ure the successful accomplishment of that expedition. The village probably contained more houses fifty or a hundred years ago than it does to-day. There is nothing at present to aid its growth or prosperity. It contains a Methodist Episcopal Church connected with the Dauphin Circuit. m -4 @ @ ■51 5S> i4S5V liu 1 DEKRY TOWNSHIP. WJ KocKviLLE is situated five miles from Harrisburg, on the Susquehanna Eiver. It was first settled by a Mr. Eoberts in 1774. The town was laid out by Mrs. Matilda Cox in 1834, to which additions were made by Miss McAllister in 1838. It was first called Brushy Eock, ailerwards changed to Eockville. The post-offlce is called Susquehanna. The'Pennsylvania Eailroad bridge at this point is one of the finest structures in the State. It has eighteen piers and is one mile long. The locality is a beautiful one for a summer resort. It has two churches, the Methodist Episcopal, connected with the Dauphin Circuit, and a United Brethren. The village lies at the foot of the First Mountain between the canal and the Susque- hanna Eiver. In the days of river lumbering it was an important point, the landing being better here than at any other point on the lower Susquehanna. Progress is a growing rural village, situated in the southeast part of the township, aud two miles east of Harrisburg. It is a post-town on the Harris- burg and Jonestown road. There is one church, be- longing to the Church of God (Bethel). I M i l l I DERRY TOWNSHIP. In the record of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the County of Lancaster, the 1st of August, a.d. 1729, we find the following boundary of the township of Derry, " as settled and agreed upon by the magis- trates and inhabitants of the said county, on the 9th day of June, 1729, and confirmed by the court. " The township of Derry, beginning at the mouth of Oonewago, thence up Susquehanna to the mouth of the Suataaro, thence up Suataaro to the mouth of Quetopohello, thence south on a direct line to Cone- wago, and down the same to the place of beginning." The eastern boundary of this township as origi- nally adopted, seems to be involved in some uncer- tainty. To pursue the letter of the foregoing order, to run south on a direct line from the mouth of the Quitopahilla Creek to Oonewago Creek, would strike the latter something like seven miles lower down than the point which, from everything which can now be discovered, seems to have been originally adopted as the southeast corner of Derry township, — that, instead of running the eastern line of the township south on a direct line, as the record calls for, the Quitopahilla Creek, Killinger's Eun, and a line southeast from the head of that run to strike the Oonewago Creek, seems most probable, if not entirely certain. This is inferred from the following facts : Fint, All the territory which lay between the Sus- quehanna Eiver and eastern boundary of Lebanon township, and between the Oonewago Creek and the mountain, was at the same time divided into three townships, viz., Peshtank, Derry, and Lebanon. To adhere to a line directly south from the mouth of the Quitopahilla would have left the territory of Derry township very limited as compared with that of the other two townships. By adopting the Quitopahilla, etc., as the eastern boundary of Derry, that township was still less than either of the other two, but of course bore a better proportion to them. Second, In the year 1768 the inhabitants of Derry township ap- plied to the court for a division of the township, whereupon, at the February sessions that year, " the court, taking into consideration a petition preferred to them by the inhabitants of Derry township, set- ting forth that the bounds of the said township were very extensive and large, and the inhabitants thereof labored under several inconveniences by reason there- of, and praying the said court to divide the said town- ship into two parts, according to a boundary line agreed upon by the said inhabitants, to wit: "Along a certain road leading from Conewago Creek, by the Widow Hall's, thence to Felix Landis, Sr., at Swatara Creek, which said road is to fall into the east part of the said township, and that the said part be known by the name of Londonderry, and that the west part of said township retain the name of Derry. It is considered and ordered by the court that the said township be divided agreeable to the prayer of said petition, and that the said part to the east be known by the name of Londonderry, and the west end be known by the name of Derry, which said division line is Ijereby confirmed to be and remain firm and stable forever, and as such to be entered of record." Now, if in the year 1768 a line directly south from the mouth of the Quitopahilla to the Conewago Creek was considered as the eastern boundary of Derry township, a division of it by the road before mentioned would have been most objectionable, as it would have left Londonderry township but a mere slip of territory, for some distance not a mile wide. And lastly, if the Quitopahilla Creek, etc., was not considered in 1768 as the originally-adopted eastern boundary of Derry township, how or when was the township of Londonderry brought up to that line? There is no record or authority found, creating the township of Londonderry other than by the division 4ia HISTORY OF BAUPHIN COUNTY. of Derry in 1768, before mentioned, nor any after- wards extending the limits of the former eastward, and yet it is certain that Londonderry extended east- ward to the Quitopahilla and Killinger's Run line in 1799, when on the occasion of a division of Lebanon township, Londonderry was called for on that line, as may be seen on reference to Annville township. Upon these grounds the conclusion that the Quito- pahilla Creek, Killinger's Run, and a line southeast from the head of that run to the Conewago Creek, was the originally-adopted eastern boundary of Derry township, seems to be warranted; notwithstanding it must be admitted that that line does not appear to be in strict accordance with the foregoing record. While upon this subject, and to give our readers a better understanding of the subsequent division of Derry township, we give the explanation of the late Herman Alricks, who was, in his day, the best-in- formed lawyer on land titles at the Dauphin County bar: In the year 1815, when Thomas Smith projected his map of Dauphin and Lebanon Counties, which we have had reproduced -from the original for this work, "what is now familiarly known as Derry Church was in Londonderry township. The grant of the lands was made by the Penns ' to the congregation of Derry,' but on the 28th March, 1787, an act of the Legislature was passed 'to incorporate the Presby- terian Church in the Township of Londonderry,' as the land, at that time, was in Londonderry (Bioren's Laws, iii. p. 201), and yet is now and was originally in Derry township. " By an act of the General Assembly of the Prov- ince of. Pennsylvania, the conn ty of Lancaster was erected on the 10th of May, a.d. 1729, and contained all the territory now included in Lancaster, Dauphin, Lebanon, and a part of Berks County, etc. (Smith's Laws, i. p. 176). "The Court of Quarter Sessions of Lancaster, at August term, 1729, confirmed the report of the mag- istrates and inhabitants of said county fixing the boundaries of the several townships in said county, and we find that Derry township was bounded by Conewago Creek, the Susquehanna River, the Swa- tara Creek, and ' thence up to the mouth of the Quit- opahilla, and thence south in a direct line to Cone- wago' Creek, embracing within its limits all the territory south and east of the Swatara Creek in Dauphin County, and a part of Lebanon County. "The Court of Quarter Sessions of Lancaster County at their February session, 1768, confirmed a report of viewers dividing the township of Derry ' by a line running directly south from the mouth of Quit- opahilla to the Conewago Creek, along a certain road' leading from the Conewago Creek to the Swa- tara Creek, after which proceeding all the territory east of what is known as the old road to Elizabeth- tpwu was called Londonderry township, and all south and west of that road retained the name of Derry. "TJae Legislature afterwards, by an act of the 4th of March, 1785, erected a part of Lancaster County into a separate county, called Dauphin (Smith, ii. p. 285), and on the 16th of February, 1813, the Legisla- ture constructed Lebanon County out of the coun- ties of Dauphin, Lancaster, and Berks. A consider- able portion of the township of Londonderry, as it then existed, 'was within the bounds of Leljanon County. " As the country became more densely settled, the inhabitants of Derry and Londonderry townships complained that those townships made inconvenient election districts, and, on the petition of a number of citizens, the Court of Quarter Sessions of Dauphin County, at December term, 1816, appointed Thomas Smith and two other persons as viewers, to make a survey and plot of the townships of Derry and Lon- donderry, and report the most proper place for a divi- sion line between said townships. (Sessions Docket, p. 81.) " The viewers agreed in their report, that what is now known as the division line between said townships was the most convenient and proper place for the said line (Sessions Docket, p. 99) ; but on the 8th of May, 1817, the report was set aside, and no further action had on th^ premises until the 15tli of April, 1825, when, on the petition of a number of the inhab- itants of said townships, the court appointed John Roberts, Esq., of Harrisburg, and two other persons, as viewers, to resurvey and mark a division line be- tween the said townships. (Sessions Docket, p. 10.) The reviewers made their report to November Ses- sions, 1825, and the report was, 21st January, 1826, confirmed absolutely, and the court denominated the northern section Derry and the southern section Londonderry. (Sessions Docket, p. 13.) Thelinethus adopted and marked by Col. John Roberts has ever since remained the division line between the town- ships of Derry and Londonderry, except as since modified by the erection of the township of Cone- wago ; therefore Derry Church, as it is called, has ever since the year 1825 been in Derry town- ship." The following were the township officers from the year 1759 to 1785, when the county of Dauphin was erected. It will be seen that after the separation of Londonderry, in 1769, the officers were from what is now Londonderry, while the officers of the latter township, which are given under the head of Lon- donderry, were from now Derry township. The ref- erence to the reformation of the townships explains this matter: 1769i OonstabU.— John Eeo. Oveneert of Poor.— David Kee, Adam Baiim. Overseen of ijoads.— Hugh Hays, James Forster. 1760. Conatdbk. — James iRussell. Oueraeera of Poor. — Moses Potts, David Johnston. Overaeera of Boada, — James Shaw, John Tanner. 1761. CbtutdUe.— Christian Snider. Overaeera of Poor. — John Meban, John Logan. Overseera of Boada. — James Campbell, Adam Baum. DERRY TOWNSHIP, 411 1762. Comstobie.— Patrick Kelly. Overseers of Poor.— Cliarles Clark, Robert McKeo. Overseers of Eoada. — John Tanuer, John Mabin. 1763. Constable. — John Long. Overseers of Poor. — John Campbell, Joseph Candor. Overseers of Roads. — John Campell, Martin Brand. 1764. Comtahle.—John Tanner. Overseers of Poor. — William WillBon, William Sterrett. Overseers of ijoais.— Matthew Laird, Christly Snyder. 1765. Constable. — James Foster. Overseers of Poor — Matthew Laird, Robert McCallen. Overseers of Boads. — William Willson, Stophel Shoupe. 1766. Constable. — Adam Bauiii. Overseas of Poor. — Jdlin Walker, Sr., Frederick Humble. Overseers of Roads. — William Boyd, Robert McKee. 1767. CoiisiaUe.—Jdhn Fleeman. Oversp-ers of Poor. — Andrew Shridley, William Sawyer. Overseers of Roads. — Joseph Candor, William Moore. 1768. Constable.—Uohert Walker.* Overset-rs of Poor. — Robert Allison, Stophel Slioop. Overseers of Bnads. — Adam Haymaker, William McCliuket. 1769. Constobifi.— Robert Walker. Overseers of Poor. — Robert McKee, Michael Hoover. » Overseers of Roads. — Castle Byers, William Dean. 1770. Constable. — Moso^ Willson. Oyerseera of Poor. — William Sliaw, Abraham Strickler. Overseers of Roads. — David Johnston, Henry Nover. 1771. Constable. — John Appier Overseers of Poor. — William Shaw, John Brandil. Overseers of Roads. — Christian Stopher, Jacob Smith. 1772. Cons/a6Ze.— William Beam. Overseers of Poor. — Max Spiddle, Robert Allison. Overseers of Roads. — William Laird, Jacob Mit7,ker. 1773. Constable. — William Bredin. Overseers of Poor. — Martin Brand, Moses Willson. Overseers of Roads. — Peter Landis, Moses Campbell. 1774. Constable. — John Myers. Overseers of Poor. — Castle Byers, Mofies Willson. Overseers of Roads:— M&x Spidle, William Shaw. 1775. Constable. — Stophel Shoop. Overseers of Poor.— Castle Byers, Jacob Smith. Overse&rs of Boads.— Henry Snyder, Frederick Hess. 1776. Cons/abZe.— Joseph Misker. OversePTS of Poor. — John Myers, John Coffman. Oversp.ers of Road'i. — Henry Snyder, Samuel Bell. 1777. Constable.— Soicoh Metzgar. 1778. Constable. — Moses Campbell. Overseers of Poor. — Jacob Smith, Christian Stoufer. Overseers of iSoads.— David Datwiller, Andrew Sretley. 1779. Omsiab^e.—William Laird. Overseers of Poor. — James Russell, Jacob Shofner. Overseers of Roads. — John Blair, Jacob Reiger. 1780. Constable.— W imam Laird. Overseers of Poor.— John Eitzell, George Allison. Overseers of Roads.— Ddmiel Eliot, John Kain. 1781. Osnatob/e.— John Ritzell. Overseers of Poo?-.— Daniel Elliott, John Myer, Jr. Overseers of JJoad*.- Nicholas Lighty, Henry Larndy. 1782. Con8tahle.—'D&me\ Shelly. Overseers of Poor.— John McFarland, John Kaufman. Overseers of iZoads.— Jacob Neesly, Abraham Coppagh. 1783. Gwisiabifl— James Russell. Overseers of Poor.— John Bransor, Fred. Hess. Overseers of Poads.— William Mills, Henry Etter. 1784. Con8table.—Benry Etter. Overseers of Poor.— John Long, John Kain. Overseers of Roads.— John Sherer, John Kauffman. In the Derry return for 1780, which is herewith given, we find that mills were possessed by Michael Haun (2), Adam Hamaker (2), Barbara Sharer, and William Scott. Stills were operated by Martin Brand (2), James Laird (2), and David MitchelU(2). Negroes were owned by Joseph Candor, George Cass, and William White (2). DERRY TOWNSHIP RETURN, 1780. Acres. Alison, David 40 AliHon, Geo 155 Alison, Eobt 48 Bransor, Ohiis" liiO Bousor, Henry Borholder, Cliris" 164 Bower, George 150 Bransor, John Bricker. Mathiaa 'iOO Baum, Adam liiO Brand, Martin 2\■^ Bradon, Rob' 50 Breden, W»" 200 Bucks, Geo Bucks, Peter Beaver, Geo , 60 Bucks, John Bayers, Casimor 243 Byei'S, Jn" Blesaley, Anthony 100 Blessley, John Berine, Dan^ 40 Blair, John 160 Chambers. James Cosh, Jacob 25 Cobough, Abram 120 Cander, Joseph 200 Caufman, Jn" Cain, Jn»> 40 Cough, Mathias 25 Coss. Geo 80 Camble, Moses 100 Couns, Geo Darr, Conrad 16 Etter, Henry 150 Espy, Thomas Elliot, Dani 200 Fryer. And^^ Fifer, Jn" ^ Foutz, Conrad 150 Felix, Stepbiin 150 Fox, Jiio Foutz, Biirnard Fleck, Alex' 100 Fritz, Henry 100 Grnssman, Nicholas ■ Galnwuy, Jos Grimes, Hector Giugrey, Jn^* 13'^ Gingrey, Abram 259 Grape, Wm Hershey, And" Hall, Hugh 261 Hunsberger, Jacob 50 Humel, Yalenn 100 Henry, Adam Hindman, W^ Hamacher, Christ- 100 Hamacher, Adam Hamacher, David Hess, Fredn 100 Hock, Philip Hood, Geo Haun, Michi Hamacher, Adam, Jn^ 174 Hanna, Sam"^^ Hindman, John Hindman, SamI Jackson, Jn^ Johnston, Thomas 100 Johnston, David 100 Johnston, Sami 100 Jackson, Edward Jamison, William Kile, James 230 Lightic, Nicholas 260 Long, Jn» 100 Laferty, Patrick Landis, Peter .■• .-■ Landis, Jacob Laird, W^ 263 Landis, Henry Acres. Laird, James 221 Myei's, Jno, Jun' .-. 100 Myers, Jn'> 25 Mills, W™ 3 McGt-e, Henry Mitchel, David 160 Myers, Jno ; 240 Monigh, Yaudle McKee, Sami 130 Mars, Jn" McGinnis, James Mitzger, Jacob 150 McKee, Rob* 400 McKee, Esther 1 lott. McFarland, Jn^ ^Nissley, Jacob 240 Nupher, Henry Nnpher, Christian Oagel, Thoa 350 Prim, Jos 100 Patton, James Fersht, Peter, Jun' 'PeBsht, Peter Rodes, Mich' Rife, Jacob 75 Rasel, James 60 Roadrock, Peter 86 Ridley, Henry 140 Rouse, Martin 60 Reitzel, John 250 Rife, Jos 114 Risi^ier, John Rham, Martin 40 Ricbart, Philip Smith, Jacob Sharer, Jn"* Sharer, Barhara 100 Shire, Jri<* iShote,Fredk 100 Sellars, Philip Sellnrs, Fredi^ 100 Stiaffner, Fredi^ Sbnop, Margret 100 Spidle, Mack 100 Spidle, Mack, J' Spalsbach, Geo Stcphansoii, Geo Scott, W" (James Gold) Singer, Jacob 115 Singer, Jn^ Spidle, Adam Spidle, Jacob Stul, Dennis ; Stoufer, Chris ; Shellv, Dan> 150 Shreidly, And" 90 Stall, Fredfe Strickler, Jacob Strickler, Abram Simerman, Nich' Scott, James Shaffner, Jacob 274 Shearer, Henry Thom-is, Adam 100 Thrum, David Tetweiler, David 100 Tetweiler, Jacob 130 Tilts, Fredk 2 Taylor, Jn^ 60 Taner, Mich' Wolf, Geo Wagner, Fredfc 90 Whitmer,Jno 150 White, W™ 150 Wilson, Mosses 400 Williams, William Wickersham, Abner Serviue, Stephan Hurst, Charles Yeates, Anthony 66 Teates, Peter Sitmels Toivn. Fred^^ Humel. Ann Arbuckle. Ann Ales. Geo. Lower. Richard Hall. John Gall. Christoph Bower. James Donally. Jos. Furey. Adam Oram. Jacob Quhard. Jacob Derrey. AndT' Gamble. Adam Deam. Wm. Whigand. Lodwig Emrich. Suseauah Wetherholt. Peter Spade. Michi Spade. Martin Fredley. 412 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Lewis Meyer Mary Hereof. Adam Haverliug. Sami Glark. Jacob Briuker. Jnc Shoop. Hirmaii Birnard. Fredfe Sellars. Jnt> McLaiigrliliu. W™ Gray. James M. Glester. Bob*' Henderaon. Dan' Robinson. Jacob Sbearer. Geo. Crabner. Peter Fredley. James Glung. Philip Blessly. James Ciiims. Dani Baiim. Henry Cooper. J no Landis. Chiisn Landis. Henry Miller. .Facob Quhard. Jn" Gamble. Edward Burgess. Geo. Minet, Jacob Axnoe. DERRY TOWNSHIP, 1826. Derry township as now constituted is bounded on the north and west by the Swatara Creek, which sep- arates it from the townships of Lower Swatara, Swa- tara, South Hanover, and East Hanover, on the east by the Lebanon County line, and on the south by the townships of Conewago and Londonderry. It is one of the richest townships in the county. The following is the only complete list of supervisors we have been able to obtain of any of the townships : SUPERVISOES OF DERRY TOWNSHIP. 1785. J. Sherer. 1810. John Berst. A. Stvickler. Jacob Merisler. 1786. A. Blossing. 1811. Jacob Books. Joseph Rife. Peter Geib. 1787. J. Breneer. 1812. Frederick Hummel J. Bieser. Henry Goss. 1789. J. KioBrich. 1813. James Wilson. C. Stauffer. John McKee. 1792. G.Balsbaugh, 1814. John Landis. J.NiBSley. Henry Horst. 1793 J.-Candor. 1816. Christian Apple. J. Nissley. Jacob HeiRter. 1794 Trederick Hummel. 1816. M. Hoover. J. Hoffer. Henry Booser. 1795 George Bower. 1817. Abram Brandt. Philip Fishburn. F. Wagner. 1796 D. Brandt. 1818. G. Hoover. P. Eoadrook. C. Brennaman. 179T Geqrge Loner. 1819 H. Striokler. J. Funok. John Hoffer. 1798 J. Gfoff. 1820 M. Nissley. M. Brandt. Daniel Seller. 1799 Christian Earnest. 1821 John Nissley. J. Bricker. George McCanu. 1800 M. Walford. 1822 J. Beinhower. A. McOleary. J. Lime. 1801 C. Baer. 1823 David Metzler. J. Mum ma. 0. Landis, 1802 C. Boughman. 1824 H. Roadrock. Joseph Blfe. T. Smith. 1803 D. Baum. 1825 H. Hawk. J. Martin. John Detweiler. 1801 0. Eouffman. 1826 A. Henry. J. Oiiigrlcb. John Minnick. 1806 P. Beiuhauer. 1827 Christian Stooer. D. Detwoiler. Henry Landis. 1806 A. Hocker. 1828 John Fishburn. W. Laird. Peter Berst. 1807. •J. Hei-shey. 1829 John Landis. r. Shoop. Jonas Miller. 1808 H. Shaffner. 1830 Jacob Coble. J. Greenawalt. Christian Nissley. 1809 Abram Hoober. 1831 Christian Stoner. John Moses. B. Fishburn. 1832. 1833. 1834. 1835. 1836. 1837. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846' 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1861. 1852. John Bear. Abram Yingst. David Earnest. Abram Yingst. David Earnest. John Baum. Jacob Hoover. Samuel Bechtel. Christian Butt. Samuel Bechtel. Fred. Shreadly. John Mumma. Abram Yingst. Christian Landis. John Landis. John Felty. A. Strickler. D. Fishburn. A. Strickler. John Yingst. Jacob'Shenk. John Yingst. M. Nissley. John Yingst. J. Hershey. W. Parthimore. John Strickler. Christian Bby. David Reitzel. S. Bechtel. John Berst. D. Lehman. John Yingst. David Reitzel. Adam Hocker. C. Hollinger. Adam Hocker. .Tohn Leetz. D. Berst. J. M. Hummel. John Landis. 1862. 1863. 1854. 1866. 1866. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1866. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. John Moyer. John Landis. D. Fishburn. Adam Hummel. John Henry. J. Hummel. D. Fishburn. Joseph Nissley. George Shiffler. D. Hummel. D. Coble. J. Emerick. Ellas Smith. John Yingst. Abraham Yingst. M. Nissley. Christian Landis. H. Fausnacht. A. Hummel. H. Fausnacht. J. Hocker. A. Hummel. J. Goodman. J. Bernhard. M.Eby. J. Balsbaugh. John Letter. D. D. Lehman. J. Hoffer. Daniel Felty. Philip Siders. F. Balsbaugh. A. Hummel. F. Balsbaugh. A. Hummel. J. Hocker. S. H. Hummel. Jacob Zoll. David Ginder. J. Kauffman. J. Snavely. The fords of the Swatara were more or less noted in the history of this section. Dixon's Ford was in the bend of the Swatara, not far from the Lebanon County line. It is now Lau- dermilch's Ford. Hamilton's, or Derry Church, is between Manada- ville and Union Deposit. Logan's is farther down the Swatara than the fore- going. Col. Rogers', now McElhenny's, is at Manadaville. Earnest's and Sherer' s Ford or Ferry was located for many years at the Swatara, one mile due west of Hummelstown, on the Reading pike. Before the year 1816 the Swatara could be forded easily at the point designated during the summer months, but ferry flats were used in stages of high water. When the fourteen-feet dam was erected across the Swatara, about a mile farther down the stream (at Nissley's and Brehra's mill), the back-water necessitated the build- ing of a bridge at Sherer's and Earnest's Ferry. John Earnest, Sr., who lived on the east bank of the river, and Samuel Sherer, who resided on the west bank, built the first bridge, of two spans, across this ferry, owning it and collecting tolls jointly. Mr. Sherer died in 1821, and the interest in the bridge fell to his son, Joseph Sherer. By the breaking away of the big dam above the Union Water-works, located five DERRY TOWNSHIP. 413 miles north of Lebanon, in 1851, the bridges were swept from their piers from that point all along the Swatara (save the one at Laudermilch's Ferry) to its mouth at Middletown. The bridge at Hummelstown was rebuilt in less than a year after its destruction by the original owners. Joseph Sherer died March, 1824, and his interest fell to his wife, who disposed of it to Mr. Hefflefinger prior to her removal to the West in 1838. John Earnest, Sr., also dead, his widow held the half-interest until the homestead was sold to Samuel Klopp. Mr. Klopp afterwards purchased Mr. Heflfle- finger's interest, and held the entire control of the bridge uhtil he disposed of it to the commissioners of Dauphin County in 1855, since which time it has been known as a "free bridge." The Swatara River at this point is from twelve to fourteen feet in depth the best portion of the year. The first bridge was built about the year 1818. The bridge built twenty-five or thirty years later at Hammaker's Mill Ferry by the county was always a free bridge. The old Red Bridge, leading from Centre Square through Water Street, Hummelstown, to the Hanover townships, was built by a stock company, but was also purchased by the county twenty-flve years or more ago, and is free for travelers. Below Landis' Dam, one-eighth of a mile north of Hummelstown, and visible from the railroad depot, is another ferry or fording-place, which is still used by the farmers of Lower Paxtang and West Hanover, between their homes, the mill, and the railroad depot. Derby Village is situated thirteen and a half miles east of Harrisburg, and is named for Old Derry Church. It is a poat-town, located in the midst of a beautiful and productive farming region. The United Brethren have a church here, a brick structure, rebuilt in 1881, of which Rev. David Longnecker is the pas- tor. One mile west of Derry is Swataba Station, and, like the former, situated on the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. Mechanicsburg lies east of Derry, and is really an extension of Palmyra, Lebanon Co. Spring Creek was the name formerly given to the west- ern part of the village of Derry, but it is now gen- erally known by the latter name. A Dunkard Meeting-house is located about half a iliile south of Derry Station. It is a neat brick build- ing, erected nearly half a century ago. South of Hummelstown about two miles is the Hill Church of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation. It was the oldest German church in the township, the old log church having been built in the year 1756. It was rebuilt in 1875. The ministers are supplied by the Hummelstown charge. There are several other churches in the township, concerning which we en- deavored to secure information, but failed to receive it. Memorial United Brethren Church.— This beautiful church, one and a half miles south of Hum- melstown, was erected by Edward Stover as a memorial to his only son and child, and was dedicated on Aug. 4, 1872. The dedicatory services were conducted by Ex- Bishop Erb, Revs. J. F. Smith, Lewis Peters, Ezekiel Light, and G. W. Miles Rigor (presiding elder). The building is thirty by forty feet, and is neatly fur- nished. A cemetery adjoins the church, in which a monument twenty-two feet in height bears the fol- lowing inscription in raised letters : " At Rest, Ed- ward Stover, died July 31, 1870, aged 21 years, 10 months, and 3 days." OLD DERRY CHURCH. It is almost certainly established that what is known as Derry Presbyterian Church, in Dauphin County, held its first services near the head of a con- fluent of Spring Creek, in that portion of Chester County from which Lancaster was taken, and subse- quently Dauphin, about one and a half miles from the site upon which its first church building (that of 1729) was erected. This building was nearly square, twenty-three by twenty-five feet, of logs and clap- boards. The first services we have account of were held at the close of the month of April, in 1724. The small congregation must have been gathered from all the frontier within a radius of ten miles, and without exception was of the Scotch-Irish immigration. Its canopy was the primeval forest. It was addressed by the Revs. George Gillespie, David Evans, and Robert OLD DERRY CHURCH. Cross. Some names of those present have been pre- served : Rowland Chambers, Thomas and William Clark, James Galbraith, Patrick and Robert Camp- bell, John Mitchell, William McBey, James Quigley, William Hay, Robert Moody, Malcolm Kar (Kerr), Thomas and Hugh Black, James Harris, William McCord, Morgan Jones, David McClure, James Mac- Farlane, Alexander Hutchinson, John and Benjamin Boyd, James Hamilton, John McCosh and sister. These men were all engaged making themselves homes on the frontier, " over Conoy" and along the 414 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Susquehanna, much to the distraction of mind of those who managed land affairs for the Penn family. Every obstruction was thrown in their way to pre- vent permanent location. However, they were not to be deterred by the frowns of the governing powers at Philadelphia, but took what land they needed ; as they felt settled, sought religious consolation from ministers of the Presbyterian faith, erected a church, and complied with the Provincial laws, in an uneasy, antagonistic fashion, '' on the barrens of Derry." No one can speak with entire certainty of its exact lo- cation. A public road now occupies a part of the first graveyard used by the early settlers, on a farm owned by Mr. Samuel Wingert, on a commanding elevation, and by tradition, it is the place where the first service was held and the original church built. The confused relics of a building supposed to have when it was thoroughly repaired at a cost of five hun- dred dollars. It stood without further repair until May, 1883, when it came to be so much decayed that it was thought dangerous. It was taken down and a new one of stone is at present in course of construction of nearly the same dimensions. The early records of the congregation seem to be lost; most likely have been carried "West" in the luggage oi' the very great migrations that have so frequently almost depop- ulated this early settlement. We know, however, the following interesting particulars : The Rev. Adam Boyd " preached to the westward of Octorara and Donegal, over Conoy," in 1723. The Rev. James An- derson preached in Donegal in 1724, and became pas- tor there in 1726, giving one-fifth of his time "over Conewago," the present Derry. The Rev. William Bertram was called in 1732 " to Derry," upon the so- INTERIOB VIEW OF OLD DEaRY CHURCH. been the church were there sixty years ago. There- fore it is just possible that a small church was there, until one was erected on the present site, in 1732, the year the land-oflBce was opened. One thing is known, that the remains of Patrick Campbell, who died in 1735, were removed from the abandoned burial-place at Wingert's to the present cemetery, and is the old- est date found there. Be all this as it may, it is cer- tain that a congregation was formally gathered in 1730, and soon afterwards worshiped at the present Derry, now an historically prominent feature in early frontier occupation, and their descendants have held divine service there ever since. So rapidly did the settlement increase that the first house was in a few years found to be too small. It underwent some enlargement, when in 1769 a new church of logs, thirty-eight by thirty-nine feet, was erected. It was used by the congregation up to 1881, j licitation of Rowland Chambers, William Wilson, John Sloan, John Wilson, Hugh Black, Robert Campbell, James Quigley, William McCord. The congregation paid him sixty pounds a year in hemp, linen, corn, yarn, and cloth, and gave him the use of a farm. Mr. Bertram served Derry until his death, which occurred on the 2d of May, 1746. In 1742 the exact record is missing; Rev. John Elder, then in charge of the Paxtang congregation, after some debate about salary and " the time" to be given to Derry, was installed pastor. The congrega- tion was then a large one, perhaps the largest in the Presbytery, but was not increasing. Soon after the peace of 1763 it began to diminish ; the tendency to go West was not to be resisted among these sons of the frontier, and its effect upon the church waa espe- cially disastrous. Mr. Elder was a most efficient shepherd of his extensive charges, and held this pas- DBKRY TOWNSHIP. 415 torate with the presidency of the board of trustees from 1742 to April, 1791, when he was succeeded in the latter by Col. Robert Clark. Mr. Elder died July, 1792. Rev. Nathaniel R. Suowden was called March, 1793. He was pastor of Derry, Paxtang, and Harris- burg. In 1795 he resigned. Mr. Snowden died in 1850. Rev. Joshua Williams was called August, 1798, with a salary of one hundred and eighty pounds in cash. In June, 1802, Mr. Williams resigned. Up to this time it was the custom to elect the pastor president of the corporation consisting of thirteen trustees. After Mr. Williams' pastorate this ceased and laymen were chosen. An inscription in the graveyard has the following : " In memory of James Adair, preacher of the Gospel, who departed this life September 20, 1803, aged 32 years." Mr. Adair came to Derry as a "supply" during the vacancy in the pastorate, preaching occa- sionally from Sept. 20, 1802, until April 7, 1803, when this appears on the books of the congregation : " Paid Reverend James Snodgrass for moderating a call for Mr. Adair, £1.10." He does not appear to have ac- cepted this call. He, however, preached seven Sun- days as a supply, when this appears: "By cash paid to Mr. Snodgrass for a funeral sermon at Mr. James Adair's Burial, £1.10.0." June, 1805, the congregation came together to call a pastor ; fifteen voted for Rev. James Snodgrass, and twenty-six for others. No choice was made. In Sep- tember another meeting was held. Rev. John Hutch- inson was called, — twenty-one for, nineteen against. Mr. Hutchinson declined the call. September, 1806, all the members of the congregation united in a call to Rev. James R. Sharon, who had previously been settled at Paxtang. He continued pastor of both con- gregations to the time of his death, in 1843. May 31, 1848, the following is recorded : " By cash paid Mrs. Sharon, a donation from Derry congregation for the purpose of erecting a tombstone over the remains of the Rev. J. R. Sharon, our late pastor, $100." Then, April 2, 1844, this entry: "By cash paid Mrs. Sha- ron, being a donation granted by the congregation to Mrs. Sharon, which will appear by reference to the minutes as entered April 24, 1843, $100." Rev. J. M. Boggs was called March 9, 1844, until April 1, 1847, when a church dispute between Derry and her daughter "over Swatara, on lands of Dr. William Simonton," caused so much feeling that Mr. Boggs was refused compensation, and Presbytery dis- solved his relation to Derry June 12, 1849. Rev. Andrew D. Mitchell was chosen pastor by a unanimous vote Aug. 11, 1849, the congregation agreeing to pay him two hundred dollars a year for one-fourth of his time. He served as pastor until Aug. 19, 1874, the date of his last receipt for salary. The minutes are missing from 1857 to 1883. Mr. Mitchell died in 1882, at Middletown, Dauphin Co. Thus this congregation has had in one hundred and fifty-four years the following pastors : Mr. Ber- tram, four years; Mr. Elder, fifty years; Mr. Snow- don, two years ; Mr. Williams, four years ; Mr. Sha- ron, thirty-seven years; Mr. Boggs, five years; Mr. Mitchell, twenty-five years; vacancies, seventeen years. Under the charter of March 28, 1787, an organi- zation took place, with Rev. John Elder as presi- dent; Robert McOallen, treasurer; Thomas Laird, Jr., secretary ; John Rodgers, William Laird, and Robert Clark, trustees. There is no earlier record than this, except a note "that William Laird, James Wilson, Jr., and Thomas McCallen were appointed to settle accounts with former trustees, John Rodgers, Robert Clark, and James Wilson, Sr.," who appears to have been the security for the treasurer of the previous organization. In 1842 the graveyard was carefully and substan- tially inclosed, memorials of sorrow or affection to departed friends " set up and cleaned," iron gates provided, and every mark of respect paid to the re- mains of the fathers and mothers of a noted race. The wall and yard are to-day in excellent order. The cost to the congregation was six hundred and seventy- eight dollars, a very liberal expenditure for a congre- gation whose income was not five hundred dollars a year. Aug. 1, 1845, it was agreed that a chapel " for the members beyond the Swatara Creek" should be erected on "land of Dr. William Simonton, on the line of Dr. Simonton and John Berst, facing the road from Swatara to Corbett's Mill," to be weatherboarded and plastered. " Oapt. John B. Moorhead and Dr. Wil- liam Simonton are to superintend, and Mr. Boggs is to give one-sixth of his time" after the building is ready. The chapel was soon finished, and cost four hundred and twenty-five dollars and twenty-nine cents. It was sold about 1860 for three hundred and ten dollars. As has been stated, this " daughter of Derry" was the cause of many disputes before the necessity of the mother church required it to be disposed of. It was not until about 1800 that the exact dimensions of the Penn gift of 1741 were determined. Since that time the glebe has dwindled to less than a dozen of acres. HUMMBLSTOWN BOROUGH. In the year 1738 there was warranted to Valentine Gloninger one hundred and fifty acres of land on the Swatara. In 1761 this right was purchased by John Campbell, one of the earliest settlers in that region, who the year following sold to Frederick Hummel. The same year the latter laid out the tract into town lots, naming the place Fredericktown. The lots sold freely, and one of the earliest purchasers was Anthony Doebler, of Lebanon, who bought a lot on Market Street in January, 1763, within a month after the lots were for sale. That lot is described as being along " another lot taken up by Adam Hurshey.'' Doebler agreed to pay a yearly rent for the fee of ten shillings sterling (about two dollars and a half of our present money), "one shilling sterling of which sum was to be paid yearly forever for the use of a German Lu- theran Church intended to be erected," the purchaser further binding himself to erect a substantial house eighteen by twenty feet " at least" on the premises. No time for the fulfillment of this condition is fixed. It may be here stated that it was not until after the founder's death that the name of the town was changed from Fredericktown to that which it now bears. From the assessment-list of Fredericktown, in 1771, and that of Hummelstown, in 1779, it will be seen that in the' eight years supervening there was no increase in the number of inhabitants. Whether this was due to the war which was then going on, and which will account for the absence of either " free- men" or "single men," we cannot say. The absence of the name Hummel in the last list is in striking contrast with recent returns. The Hummels then re- sided on the adjoining farm to the town, and are in- cluded in the other portions of Derry tax-lists. In 1779 it is well known that there were a large number of gunsmiths at Hummelstown making arms for the Continental army. They perchance are also included in the Derry assessment proper. FRBDBEICKTOWN, DEBET TOWNSHIP, 1771. Peter Shat. Jacob Myer. Jacob Reigart. Henikle Siiwooutz. Widow Wetherhold. Peter Hiney. Sebastian Creas. Christopher Bogner Fred. Hummel. Melchor Reigert. Widow Burick. John Philips. Jacob Hammer. Henry Wieser. Adam Baum. Andrew Hearauf. Bernard Fridley. Freemen. Hanickle Evart. Thomas Flack. William Grab. Jacob Eridley. 416 HUMMELSTOWN, DEBET TOWNSHIP, 1779. Elizabeth Cloony. Jacob Deery. James Dainy. Ludwik Emerick. David Eatly. John Fergison. Martin Fridley. Peter Fridley. Joseph Ferree. Widow Haupt. George Lauer, Jacob Bicard. Martin Rise. Peter Spade. Nicholas Smith. Adam Baum. Widow Wetherhold. Andrew Gambel. Michael Spade. Hall. The oldest house in town is that owned by Chris- tian Garver, on Swatara Creek. It is a log structure, weatherboarded, and originally stood on the square, and in it lived Frederick Hummel, son of the founder of the town. Before the latter's death he built another house on the same site. The white stone house on the square (partly of logs) was erected before Harris- burg was laid out. James Clunie lived in it and kept store, the first in the place. Mr. Clunie sold the building to John Barnard, he to Abraham Landis, and he to Frederick Hummel. Bahm & Baum kept store, in 1790, on Main Street in the house now owned by James Hays. Among the early physicians was Dr. Duncan King, who died in 1826. Frederick Hummel kept hotel on the northwest corner of the square, and Michael Rahm kept another at same time where Richard Hummel now lives, both about 1792. Afterwards John Fox had an inn (within the town limits) on the Harrisburg, Ephrata, and Downing- town road. The first schoolmaster of whom any recollection is preserved was David Eckstein, who was teaching here as early as 1792 in the Lutheran Church. He had served in the Revolutionary war as one of Washington's life-guards. Peter Fishburn was the first cooper in the village. In 1814, Philip Leebrick, Jacob Earnest, George Gish, and Thomas Fox kept stores here. Drs. William Henderson and Nice were physicians. Michael Spade, George Fox, Jacob Greenawalt, and Mr. Hill had taverns. Alli- son Piney taught school, his successors being John Phillips and David Eckstein (the latter having taught more or less since 1790). Thomas Ramsey and Daniel Seller were blacksmiths, and Samuel Spidle and John Shadel had cabinet-shops. For a long time the town was a favorite militia training point for the old-time battalions. On Thursday morning, Nov. 20, 1800, two shocks of earthquake were sensibly felt by the inhabitants of Hummelstown and vicinity. The first took place about fifteen minutes before five o'clock, and lasted about HUMMELSTOWN BOROUGH. 417 forty seconds. In some houses the eflFects were more visible than in others. The knockers on some of the doors rapped as though they were moved by hands, and in the dwelling of Philip Leebrick a set of china was shaken from a table and broken to pieces. The fright caused many of the people to rise from their beds. The second shock took place five minutes after five o'clock, and lasted about half a minute. It was not as severe as the former, but was sensibly felt in every house. In both instances a rumbling noise ac- companied the trembling of the earth. Such was the fear of the people that a large number of them im- mediately repaired to the meeting-house, where prayers were offered for the preservation of the in- habitants. The history, growth, and prosperity of the town is so intimately connected not only with that of the county but with its local institutions that reference to them will be found of value and interest. Hum- melstown was incorporated as a borough Aug. 26, 1874, since which period the following have been the chief municipal officers : 1874-76. John Z. Grove. 1876-78. 0. A. NisBloy. 1878-79. W. B. Hendricks. BURGESSES. 1879-80. George F. Qreenawalt. 1880-81. Br. J. B. Crist. 1881. Dr. H. B. Eupp. TOWN CLEEKS. 1874-81. Franklin Smith. | 1881. John J. Bolton. Zion's Evangelical Lutheran Church. — This congregation was organized in 1765, and the first church edifice, a log structure, was completed May 16, 1766. The church receipts for building the meet- ing-house and all other purposes from 1765 to 1768 were £140 18s. 6d, and the expenditures £127 2s. 4d The original building stood some twenty or thirty feet from the present edifice, and was destroyed by fire in December, 1817. David Eckstein was the parochial schoolmaster from 1792 to 1805, and kept school in the old log church. The present stone church was erected in 1816 and 1816 and remodeled in 1855, making it now one of the most attractive church edifices in the county. All that can be learned from the few fragments left of its early history is that Maj. Frederick Hummel was the chief member of the building committee, and that Eev. Michael Enterline served the church as pastor until 1780, and during his administration baptized seventy-one children, confirmed eighteen catechumens, and administered the communion to one hundred and forty-eight per- sons. The pastors have been : 1771-81, Michael En- terline; 1781-95, William Kurtz; April 15, 1804, to April 5 1807, John Frederick Ernst ; April 5, 1807, to June 23, 1811, John Paul Ferdinand Kramer; June 23, 1811, to June, 1819, John Henry Vanhof ; June, 1819, to Oct. 6, 1822, Charles Eudolph Denime; Oct 6, 1822, to Dec. 5, 1830, Peter Scheurer; Dec. 5, 1830, to Oct. 27, 1854, Henry G. Stecher; Oct. 27, 1854! to Nov. 1, 1856, George Haines; Nov. 1, 1856, 27 to Feb. 1, 1857, John F. Probst; 1857-61, A. S. Link; 1861-67, Eli Huber; 1867-73, P. Rizer; July 1, 1873, to 1877, P. S. Mack; July 1, 1877, J. H. Leeser, the present incumbent. From 1795 to 1804 the congregation had no minister. Reformed Church. — As heretofore stated, when the town was laid out in 1762 by Frederick Hummel, he set apart a lot to the Reformed congregation, on which its church is now erected. The first church edifice was a log structure, built by the Lutheran and Reformed congregations jointly, and which was burned in December, 1817. Before 1808 there are no records to show who the pastors or church officials were. Rev. Philip Gloninger, of Harrisburg, served the congregation from 1808 to 1824. Under his pas- toral Care the elders were Peter HeflFelfinger, Sr., and Henry Seig; Deacons, Jacob Duey, Sr., and Samuel Brightbill. His successor was Rev. Joseph La Ross, who married here Miss Elizabeth Earnest, and after 'several years' faithful ministry removed to Blooms- burg, Columbia Co. He was followed by Eev. Samuel Seibert, who continued some years, and resigned in favor of Rev. Daniel Bossier, who preached for some seventeen years every four weeks in German. He was succeeded in 1853 by Rev. D. G. Heisler, who continued until 1856. The religious services up to 1853 were conducted in the German language only, but after that, under Eev. Mr. Heisler, were alter- nately in English and German. Up to 1855 the congregation worshiped in the Lutheran Church, first in the log edifice burned in 1817, and afterwards in the stone building erected in 1815-16. In 1855, the Lutherans having decided to remodel their church edifice, the Reformed congregation was compelled to vacate, and removed temporarily to what was then known as the Middle school-house. On the 8th of January, 1855, it resolved to erect a church edifice, the corner-stone of which was laid in the following May by Rev. Mr. Leinbach, Rev. Messrs. Gans, Kremer, and Huster participating in the ceremonies. The dedication occurred Dec. 23, 24, 25,. 1855, the officiating ministers being Revs. H. Harbaugh, J. W. Nevin, Daniel Bossier, and others. The original cost of the church was five thousand two hundred and twenty-one dollars. Rev. D. G. Heisler con- tinued until 1857. The next pastor. Rev. M. A. Smith, came in December, 1857, and continued until 1866. At this time the charge consisted of congre- gations known as Shoop's, Wenrich's, Union Deposit, and Hummelstown, with preaching here every two weeks. The next pastor, Rev. Samuel Kuhn, came in the spring of 1847, and continued until 1877, when he resigned. No pastor for some time, preaching being .supplied by the students of Franklin College. During this year the church was made a separate charge, and in May, 1877, Rev. A. R. Bartholomew was installed pastor, who remained until the fall of 1878, when he accegted a call to the Jonestown 418 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Church, in Lebanon County. The congregation was then supplied with preaching every two weeks by Rev. J. H. Pennypacker, of Elizabethtown chafge, until Aug. 1, 1879. In 1882, Rev. A. S. Stauffer took charge. United Beetheen Chuech. — This denomination began to have preaching at Hummelstown as early as 1840, the services being held at the residences of dif- ferent members. In 1842 a congregation was formed, Conrad Smith (now deceased) being one of the first and leading members. In 1843 a stone church edifice was erected on the site of the present one, which was built in 1857, the first not being large enough to ac- commodate the increased membership. Since 1865 the pastors have been : 186B, Rev. Miller (who died) ; 1865-67, J. M. Kephart; 1867-69, D. 0. Farrell; 1869, Israel Carpenter; 1869-71, Rev. Stehrwalt; 1871-73, John F. Smith ; 1873-74, Jacob F. Smith ; 1874-77, C. C. Meily ; 1877-79, G. A. Loose ; 1879-81, E. Light; 1881-82, Thomas Garland. Methodist Episcopal Chuech. — Hummelstown Station was formed out of Dauphin Circuit in 1857. Since then the pastors have been : 1857, William B. Gregg ; 1858, C. L. Stineman ; 1869, Gideon J. Barr ; 1860, John 0. Gregg ; 1861-63, Jacob Slichter ; 1863, J. O. Sypherd ; 1864^66, M. Barnhill ; 1866-69, F. M. Brady ; 1869-72, L. Hubbs ; 1872, E. Potts ; 1878-76, J. M. Gable; 1876-79, Richard Kaines; 1879, J. T. Gray ; 1880-82, Jonathan Dungan. In 1852 the congregation was organized as the Dauphin and Hummelstown Mission. The church edifice was built in 1852 and 1853, and is a neat one- story frame structure. Chuech op God (Bethel). — This congregation was organized in 1874, and for nearly two years ser- vices were held at the Engine Hall. The church edifice, a brick structure, was erected in 1876 on South Railroad Street. The pastors have been : 1875-77, S. P. Stoneseifer; 1877-79, Jaraes McDonald; 1879- 81, A. Snyder; 1881-82, F. L. Nicodemus. Mr. Nico- demus lives at Palmyra, and preaches there and at Hummelstown. The first school-house of the town and vicinity was built on Hanover Street about 1764. The ground was donated by Frederick Hummel, the founder of the town, for school purposes. A one-story house was erected, and a school supported voluntarily by the citizens. The district composed an area of fifty square miles. The furniture consisted of desks, con- structed of rough oak or pine boards, fastened to the walls around the room. Benches were made of rough logs hewn on the one side, and supported by blocks. The building was in use until 1790. It was then sold and converted into a dwelling-house. In the same year the Lutheran Church was selected for school purposes (the school being then taught by Allison Piney), and was occupied as such until it was de- stroyed by fire in 1819. A small house in which articles belonging to the church were kept was then used, and subsequently the school was moved from one private house to another until 1820, when a brick house on Front Street was built in a more modern style. At this period the schools were managed by a board of trustees appointed by the commissioners, and this plan was continued until the free schools were established in 1837. The Hwnmehtown Weekly Press was the first news- paper established in the town, and its first number was issued July 14, 1870. It was a four-page sheet of twenty-four columns, and was published at one dollar per year. Its publisher, Mr. Kersey, was also a sur- veyor and engineer. Its publication was continued ttntil March 30, 1871, when it was discontinued for want of support. The Hummelstown Sun, a weekly paper, was estab- lished and its first number issued Dec. 1, 1871, by W. R. Hendricks and J. W. Stofer, the latter of the Middletown Journal. Mr. Stofer having the Journal to edit and publish, retired from the Sun, and Mr. Hendricks became its editor and publisher until April 1, 1875, when he purchased Mr. Stofer's inter- est, and has continued from that to the present time its sole editor, publisher, and proprietor. Its size was originally four pages and twenty-four columns, ' changed during the past year to twenty-eight col- umns. The Hummelstown Bank, a private institution, owned by individuals, was organized in 1868. George T. Hummel was president until 1875, when he was succeeded by the present incumbent, Abner Ruther- ford. John J. Nissley has been the cashier from its formation. The first board of directors was composed of George T. Hummel, Jacob Eberly, John M. Shenk, Abner Rutherford, John H. Balsbaugh, Joseph Farns- ler, Dr. Jacob Shope, Christian Landis, Martin Early. The directors ib 1882 were Abner Rutherford, Dr. Jacob Shope, John M. Shenk, John Balsbaugh, Joseph Hershey, Judge Isaac Mumma, John H. Balsbaugh, Joseph Louch. The teller was Levi H. Nissley. Citizens' Fiee Company, No. 1.— The Hummels- town Fire Company was organized Jan. 12, 1819, and remained as such until 1882, when the name was changed to Citizens' Fire Company, No. 1. In Jan- uary, 1819, the company bought an old engine built in Philadelphia about forty years prior, and which it uses to this date. NiOBB Fiee Company, No. 2, was organized as early as 1837, but there are no records, save a bill found showing it to have been in existence that year. Its second engine was brought here in 1850. It was reorganized first in 1865 and again in 1872, when John M. Hummel was elected president. It was in- corporated July 19, 1879. Vigilant Fiee Company, No. 3, was organized as a stock company in the fall of 1881. It bought an engine of Rumsey & Co., of Seneca Falls, N. Y. LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP. At the February sessions, 1768, the court taking into consideration a petition preferred to them by the inhabitants of Derry township setting forth that the bounds of the said township were very extensive and large, and the inhabitants thereof labored under several inconveniences by reason thereof, and praying the said court to divide the said township into two parts, according to a boundary line agreed upon by the said inhabitants, to wit : " Along a certain road leading from Oonewago creek, by the widow Hall's ; thence to Felix Landis, senior, at Swatara creek, which said road is to fall into the east part of the said township, and that the said part be known by the name of Londonderry, and that the west part of said township retain the name of Derry. It is considered and ordered by the court that the said township be divided agreeable to the prayer of said petition ; and that the said part to the east be known by the name of Londonderry, and the west end be known by the name of Derry, which said division line is hereby coniirmed to be and re- main firm and stable forever, and as such to be entered of record." The reasons for adopting the Quitopahilla Creek, etc., as the eastern boundary are stated under the head of Derry township, and need not be repeated here. The officers for the township from 1769 to 1785 are herewith given : 1769. Comtatle.— Robert Clark. Overseers of Poor. — John Campbell, John Chesnit. Overseers of Boads.— John Sayers, James Forater. 1770. Ci)n«ta6ie.— Christian Stoner. Overseers of Boa*.— Christian Taaer, David Wray. 1771. Comtable.—'RoheTt Hay. Overseers of Poor.— John Campbell, John Cheanit. Overseers of Boads.— John Grabel, Eobert MoOallan. 1772. Cbn8(a6fe.— Christian Beam. Overseers of Poor.— Benjamin Boyd, Christian Tanner. Overseers of Beads.— John Patten, Jacob Longeneoker. 1773. Oonstable.—Vhilip Fisbbourn. Overseers of Poor.— John Bowman, David Hay. Overseer of Boads.— Robert Clark. ' 1774. Consiable.—John Early. Overseers of Poor.— Joseph McQueen, Ulrey Walkmour. Overseer of Boads. — John Gamble. 1775. Constable. — James Walker. Overseers of Poor.— Thomas MoCuUen, Christian Snyder. Overseer of Boads.— Bobert Hays. 1776. Constable.— George Bell. Overseers of Poor.— William Moore, Michael Tanner. Ovei-seer of Boads.-jSamuel Broadley. 1777. Constable.— George Bell. 1778. Gmstable.—Veter Talabaugh. Overseer of Boacto.— Francis Taylor. 1780. Constable. — James Kelly. Overseers of Poor. — Samuel Brodly, Eobert Hays. Overseer of Roads. — James Sullivan. 1781. Constable. — Dewald Grim. Overseers of Poor. — William Hunter, John McCallan. Overseer of Boads. — David Hays. 1782. Constttble.—John McOallen. Overseers of Poor. — Thomas Mitchell, Patrick Hays. Overseers of Boads. — Philip Fishbourn, James Kelly. 1783. Constable.— George Bell. Overseers of Poor. — William Sawers, Mark Worst. Overseers of Boads. — John Myers, David Foster. 1784. Constable. — Eobert McCailen. Overseers of Poor. — Hugh Hamilton, Dewalt Grim. Overseers of Boads. — Chriatly Stoner, David McQueen. 1785. Constable. — James Kelly. Overseers of Poor. — John Morrison, Walter Clark. Overseers of Boads. — Jacob Eeichard, Eobert McCleaiy. The Londonderry returns for 1780 give us the fol- lowing additional information from that herewith given : Mills were in the possession of William Moor, Sr. (2), Christian Snyder (2), and John Tanner. Stills were operated by Jacob Cook (3), Christian Early, and Deitrick Shultz. " Negro servants" were owned by Samuel Broadley, Jacob Cook, James Camp- bell, James Foster, William Hays, Jr., James Kelly, John Logan (2), Archibald McAllister (3), and James Sullivan. LONDONDEERY TOWNSHIP EET0ENS FOE 1780. Acres. Brand, Michi, no return Bleck, John Bucb, Christian Bahn, Jnf>., Sen' Bahn, Jn"., Jun' Bahn, W" Beal, Ludwig, no return Broadly, Sam^ Beam, Chri8°.,no return Bedllon. Philip, no return... Buck, Bob' Bishop, Stophel Bowman, Henry, no return.. Bowman, Jacob, no return... Boyd, Joseph Boyd, Benjn Bachman, Philip Bombarger, Chris^ Brand, Chris" Byera, Andrew Brough, Dan^, no return Bukham, James -. Cook, Jacob Cansinger, Jn^ Carmany, Jos Cooper, John, no return Criger, Jacob, no return Clark, Bob' Clark, Walter Cambie, James Crosivo, W>» Donelson, Jamea Dioinger, Adam Duncan, Jno Dolttbach, Chris» Dolabach, Peter, no return. Eshelman, Henry 100 140 100 22V4 188 300 150 100 222 229 260 250 178 100 200 174 70 Acres. Eliot, Archibald Brdy, Jn»., Sen' 100 Erdy, Jn«., J' 100 Erdy, Chris" Ealy, Mich' 160 Eversole, John Fliger, Ludwig 50 Fliger, Jn"., no return Farney, Jn",, no return Fishburn, Philip, Sen' 200 Farmer, W" 100 Fishburn, Philip, Jun' 392 Foster, David Foster, James 248 Farley, Jn" Feltsbarger, Mich' 142 Franz, MicW 200 Faulket, Jos Foster, W" 100 Hay, David 198 Hay, W"., Jun' 320 Hay, Patrick 145 Hay, James 50 Hay, Matthew 50 Herchbarger, Dani 50 Hunter, W>o 100 '" Hay, W"., Sen' Hunter, Rob' 100 Hunter, David 100 Horson, Jn» 366 Hamilton, Hugh 200 Henry, Geo., no return Hemperly, Anthony 50 Hershey, Benj" 100 Hetzler, Balsor '.. 100 Hearst, Jacob 100 Hess, Sami 419 420 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Huber, Ludwig Humble, Jn" Hay, Eob» Grove, Jacob , Gran, Coruelius.... Garret, Jd" Grim, Dewalt Jordan, Geo Johnston, Charles Johnston, Jn" Johnston, W™ Kernaghan, Jn<» Killioger, Geo., no return.... Keatrin, Fettigh, no return; Kelly, James Kelly, Patrick ■ Kennedy, Jno Kenrigh, Eman^ Kilpatrlck, James Kenishy, Jacob Heaphard, Geo Linch, Patrick Linnin, Jacob LoDgenecker, Jacob, no re- turn Longenecker, Dani., no re- turn Longenecker, Abram, no re- turn Landis, Felix, no return Landis, Jn-*., no return Lineweaver, Peter Long, Alexi* liOgan, Jn<> Long, Martin, no return McGlaughlin, Barnet...^ McQueen, Joslah McQueen, Kobt McQueen, David McClintock, Joseph Mitchel, David Mitchel, Thomaa Moor, William, Sen' Moor, William, Jr Mickley, Jacob Mickley, Jn" McChary, Eobi McCallon, Rob* McCallou, Thomas ■McCallon, Jno Morrel, Fetrich, no return... Myer, John McCalister, Archibald McDonald, David Morison, James Morison, Jn" Mitchel, Abram Nafshoe, Jacob, no return... Nafshoe, Jos Nigh, Adam Nigh, Nicholas, no return.... Acres. 200 60 160 100 60 70 100 Si 250 30 47 180 16 90 177 200 141 90 166 30 200 160 100 90 90 135 210 162 144 300 253 100 100 Acres. Nigh, W°>., no return Null, Geo Null, Chriso 100 Over, John 100 Over, Peter 260 O'Neal, Jn» 200 Painter, Hanlin 150 Trats, Nicholas 'Penogle, Martin Peters, Geo SO ■Plough, Jacob, no return Painter, Jnf Poorman. Peter Pennal, James 170 Kowan, Widow 116 Reamer, Philip 50 Ehay, David 196 Rliay, Robi 127 Bha.y, Jn» 127 Riesor, Jn" 100 Riesor, Peter 200 Rist, Conrad 80 Bist, Jacob 100 Rowland, Henry 40 Rjterbach, Peter, no return Shenck, Dewalt Snyder, Chris" 200 Shire, Jacob, Senr 100 Shire, Jacob, ,J' Sbenok, Stophel 44 Stopher, Jacob 25 Stoner, Chris" 107 Shultz, Detrich 25 Sulivan, James 300 Sawers, Benjm 600 Sawers, Jni} Sawers, W™ ShirtiS, Michl Stwick, Chris Sick, Paul Cordwino Shaw, W" 64 SimoDton, W™ Stwick, Jn", no return Stickley, Jn", Shorckly, Jn", no return Schenck, Michi., no return... Taylor, Francis, no return... Teets, Philip Tanner, Chiis'»,no return,... Tanner, Jno Wolf, Michl Walker, Archibald 180' Wiltmore, TJlry, no return Worst, Mark 130 Wolf, Conrad 104 Wishan, Conrad 150 Wear, Saml 300 White, Jn» Fox, James Kernaghan, James 60 . 100 Freemen. Christopher Keatly. Ludwig Fishborn. Jos. Famey. Jacob Longenecker. Fred'. Buck. Martin Miller. AneiT. Wallus. Anthony Tera. Henry Stafford. Geo. Gega. Dani. Plough. Jno, Nigh. Abram Stickley. Jno. Smith. Robert M. Cleary. Jn^. Thompson. And". Foster. Geo. Henry. James Donnal. James Kennady. Rob*. Allen. Jos. Brosh. Jn". Gibb. Mich^. Keatrin. Jn". Farmer. James Hughey. Jn». Shoemaker. W"». Hall. Everhart Keatrin. Jn". Link. W™, Hunter. Jn". Frana. John Weary. Jn". Leach. Wendle Henry. Jn". Hay. As previously stated, between the year 1813, when the erection of Lebanon County cut off a large por- tion of Londonderry township, and the year 1825, some proceedings were had in the Quarter Sessions to remodel the townships of Derry and Londonderry, none of which, however, seemed to have received the final sanction of the court. At November term, 1825, the court appointed three commissioners to in- quire into the propriety of a division, who made re- port in favor of a division by a line " Beginning at a black-oak-tree on the eastern bank of the Swatara Creek, at the mouth of Strickler's Run ; thence a due east course seven miles and one hundred and twenty perches t(5 the Lebanon County line, at the farm of Jacob Longnecker.'' The court con- firmed this report on the 21st of January, 1826, and gave to the northern section the name of Derry, and to the southern division the name of London- derry. (See Road Docket A, page 13.) Since that period the township has been limited in its dimen- sions by the erection of the township of Conewago. The township is bounded on the east by Conewago township ; on the south by Conewago Creek, which separates it from Lancaster County ; on the west by the Susquehanna River and the Swatara Creek, which separates it from Lower Swatara township ; and on the north by Derry township. It covers an extensive area, but there are few villages of any importance, — Port .Royal, noticed in the history of Middletown, being the most prominent. About 1811 or 1812, Gainsburg, and also called Franklin, was laid out by Conrad Grim, John Ful- weiler, and John C. Kramer. It was a venture of the speculative era in our State history, when there was a mania for building turnpikes and erecting towns every four or five miles along their route, the farmers selling their broad acres and investing their hard cash in town lots. This was well calculated to overdo the town business and hurry on a financial crash. Gainsburg did not survive its fledgeling, the only houses now in the locality having been erected by the present generation. The Conewago Presbyterian Church was located a little east of Gainsburg. It was one of the earliest churches of this Scotch-Irish neighborhood. A log building was erected prior to 1741, for in that year the Rev. Samuel Black was their regular min- ister. The land is contiguous or rather inclosed by a tract of two hundred and two and five-eighths acres, which James Clark held by a warrant from the land- office dated Aug. 1, 1743. Samuel Clark conveyed it by an indenture Feb. 23, 1775, to William Braden, of Derry township. The land was afterwards patented to Robert Spear by patent deed Nov. 8, 1785, and was called "Spear's Choice," and called for 202| acres and the usual allowance. The patent was en- rolled in rolls-office, in Patent Book No. 4, page 99, etc. The following memorandum, accompanying a draft, will explain itself; " Resurveyed for Robert Spear, August 18, 1786, the above tract of land, containing two hundred and two acres and five-eighths and allowances, situate in Derry township, Dauphin County, late Lancaster by warrant granted to James Clark 28th of July,' 1743. ' "Signed Bertkam Gameaith. "N.B. The above square piece of nineteen by twenty perches is a Presbyterian meeting-house and burying-grounds. " To John Lukens, S. G. • "Returned into the Land-Offlce the third November, 1786 for John Lukens, Esq., S. Q. jjdwaed iTNOR." CONEWAGO TOWNSHIP. 421 Kobert Spear assigned his patent to Robert Cole- man ; Sept. 21, 1784, "William Braden conveyed it to Eobert Spear ; and John Spear, Nov. 5, 1804, trans- ferred it to Robert Coleman, the asssignee of Robert Spear of the patent. Eobert Coleman sold it, June 15, 1818, to Robert Dempsey, whose administrator, Jacob Redsecter, on April 13, 1831, conveyed it to John Conrad. The latter's administrator, Henry Fisher, sold it, June 16, 1841, to John Fisher, who, March 11, 1842, conveyed it to George Hess. John B. Coleman, Feb. 24, 1836, conveyed his interest in it to Samuel Hoffer, who in turn transferred to George Hess April 8, 1842, making the latter the owner in fee. George Hess conveyed it, April 4, 1868, to Abraham Rutt, who in April, 1875, sold to John Olwine, the present owner. So, this old church lot is in the midst of a farm, repeatedly sold and trans- ferred as land. The title, however, to the old grave- yard is by law vested in the Presbytery of Carlisle, who should take charge of, it and have it properly inclosed. What has been supposed to have been a church foundation is a dilapidated wall, inclosing the burial-place of some important families. There is no inscriptive stone to tell what it really was. It is about ten by twelve feet. Clearly there is no mark of a church at this spot. What is very remarkable. there is not a tombstone, or part of one, with any inscription in the mass of fragments of such memo- rials which surround the family inclosure spoken of. The stones are of the red sandstone of the neighbor- ing hills, — many of them free from all evidence of manual adornment, — weatherbeaten as well as rough. Islands in the Susquehanna. — Several very important islands in the Susquehanna are included in Londonderry township. In the days when the shad fisheries of the Susquehanna were productive and valuable, these islands were considered the choicest fishing-rights on the river. The principal ones are Shelly's, nearest the York County shore; Elliott's, east of it ; and Hill Island north, nearly op- posite the mouth of the Swatara Creek. Hill Island is noted for being the place whence, during the Mil- lerite excitement of 1844, a score of firm believers assembled, expecting from thence to be translated heavenward. After enduring the severe weather of that lonely night on Hill Island, the morning dawn not bringing the expected millennium, the converts wended their way home, wiser than, before. Shelly's and the adjoining island have recently be- come favorite tobacco ground, the richness and pecu- liarity of the soil admirably adapting them for tobacco culture. CONEWAGO TOWNSHIP. This township was organized by an act of Assem- bly approved April 2, 1850, which enacted "that from and after the passage of this act all that part of the townships of Derry and Londonderry lying within the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning at the Conewago Creek, the line of the counties of Dauphin and Lancaster, at the place where Brill's Eun empties into said creek ; and from thence by a straight line running parallel with the line dividing the counties of Dauphin and Lebanon to a point that by running a straight line from said point at a right angle with the aforesaid parallel said straight line will intersect the said line of the counties of Dauphin and Lebanon at a point not more than one-half of a mile north of the Mennonite meeting-house at or near said county line ; and from thence along the line of the counties of Dauphin and Lebanon to the line of the county of Lancaster; and from thence down said line to place of beginning, shall hereafter form a separate election district and township, and shall be called Conewago," etc. The township was so named for the creek which forms its entire southern boundary. It is four and one-fourth miles in length by three and one-half miles in width, and in population one of the smallest in the county. The southern portion along the Con- ewago Creek is a beautiful plain, which gradually slopes from its northern margin, the granite ridge, towards the creek. It has good pasture meadows and fine farms. There are sections of the township, how- ever, much broken by rocky elevations, but even here and there between these are often rich fields and farms. In the northwestern part are the sand-hills, which culminate in a few prominent spurs belonging to that system of which the Round Top in London- derry is the most striking. Beautiful springs gush out of these hillsides, and as the early settlers built near running water, some of the oldest farms are in this locality. Indian implements are frequently found, — toma- hawks, axes, and arrow-heads. Two hominy-stones, capable of holding a peek, are in existence, having been preserved,— one in the possession of Cyrus G. Shenk, who has it in use at his barn ; another on the adjoining farm. A curious stone of this C shape has been found. In this locality traces are to be seen of a 422 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. high fence surrounding a plot of ground, erected by the Indians for entrapping deer. . Among the early settlers in the neighborhood were Christopher Shoop, John Buchs, Leonard Wallers, Eev. John Eoan, Robert Carothers, and David John- son. The tract of land which Moses Potts had sur- veyed to him March 29, 1755, he sold to Michael Shenk in 1770. The Hoffers came about 1800. Other families about the same period, if not earlier, were in the locality, — the Longeneckers, Rissers, Grubbs, Lehmans, etc. In 1799, Goss' mill, which has also connected with it a saw-mill, was erected. On the farms of John Eisser and Benjamin Longenecker were distilleries about the year 1780. Eisser's mill was built in 1770, and Redsecker's in 1776. There are three churches within the township limits. The Mennonite meeting-house, near the Derry line, on the northeast, was built about 1780 ; the Brethren's Church in 1854, and the Union meet- ing-house in 1869. The first schools were taught by the church minister under large trees during favorable weather and at such other places as opportunity afforded. In 1790 there were only five schools in that section, principally Ger- man. About 1795 an English school was organized where Henry Shenk now resides. It was taught by Stephen Templeton. The one-story log school-house, twelve by sixteen feet, in which Templeton taught comprised three rooms, — a bed-room, kitchen, and a school-room. On each side a portion of a log was left out for a row of window-panes, and it is presumed va- grants did not push up the sash for ingress to lodge, nor was the teacher troubled to close and open the shutters. Some sixty pupils were crowded in this small room. Shortly after Templeton came another school established by a Mr. McMullen. These things existed until about the year 1800, when the schools were generally kept at private houses. The names of Abraham Snyder and others of the earlier days, and those of Rev. Speck, Samuel Hoffer, Joseph Clark, and the Techtmyers of later times are intimately con- nected with the schools of the neighborhood. For many years school was taught in the old Mennonite meeting-house, down to the adoption of the present system of education. The township has two villages. Bachmanstille, a post-town, is situated in the northeastern part, and was named for the Bachmans, who erected the first buildings of any importance. Its population is less than a hundred. Moxtnt Habeison, or Foltz's Stoke, near the centre of the township, is a hamlet of some six or eight houses. It was named Mount Har- rison by the Kreiters, who kept store there during the Harrison campaign of 1840. It is beautifully situated on an eminence between Middletown and Colebrook. There are three grist-mills in the township, — Red- seeker's, in the southwestern part, built in 1776 ; Goss', near the centre, in 1799 ; and Eisser's, in the southeastern corner, erected in 1769. In early times they hauled all their grain to Philadelphia over poor roads, and little or no accommodation "for man or beast" by the way. The teams at night halted by some stream of water, the feeding-trough was fixed upon the wagon-tongue, and there the horses ate and slept, no matter how inclement the weather, the drivers stowing themselves snugly under the wagon- cover in the "fuhrmons bet." Four, five, and fre- quently six horses constituted the team. HANOVER TOWNSHIP. At February sessions, 1736-37, a petition was pre- sented to the court of Lancaster County stating that many of the inhabitants of Derry township, living on the northwest side of the Swatara Creek, labored under inconveniences by reason of the largeness of the township, and asking to be divided from the other part thereof, and that their bounds might be as fol- lows : " To be divided on the west from Peshtank by Beaver Creek, from its mouth to the mountain ; from Lebanon on the east and Derry on the south, by Swa- tara Creek from Beaver Creek mouth to the forks, and thence by the north branch thereof to the moun- tain ; which was allowed by the court and ordered to be recorded, and that the said township be called Hanover." The boundaries of this township (so named for the House of Hanover) as originally laid out are all natural, and therefore cannot easily be mistaken, but there is an evident mistake in stating the petitioners to be inhabitants of Derry township, residing northwest of the Swatara Creek, and that their prayer was for a division of Derry township. A glance at the boundaries of Derry will show that there was no part of that township on the northwest side of Swatara Creek, and the division lines asked for and granted did not touch upon the territory at all. The mistake is not of any practical importance, but seems evident that the petition was from inhabitants of Peshtank, and for a division of that township. Han- over, as thus laid off, embraced parts of what was be- fore Peshtank and Lebanon townships. HANOVER TOWNSHIP. 423 During the years 1768 to 1775 frequent efforts were made for a division of the township of Hanover, those in the east end favoring a division, those in the west end in opposition. The war of the Revolution open- ing, the question was not mooted until the efforts were being made for the erection of the new county of Dauphin. The matter was brought to the atten- tion of the court at Lancaster at the February ses- sions, 1785, from which we take the following record : "The court, taking into consideration the limits of the township of Hanover and great difficulties of the several officers therein in discharging their respective . duties, on due consideration and advisement, do di- rect a division thereof by a small stream of water running through the same, which is called the West Branch of Priest's Run, and rises on the lands of Philip Rank, and from thence by the said stream or run of water until it empties itself into Swatara Creek at Michael Brown's mill ; and do further denominate that division which is next to Jonestown by the name of East Hanover, and the other division thereof by the name of West Hanover.'' The stream of water called Priest's Run in the foregoing record is not found by that name on Thomas Smith's map, nor is any one now living in that sec- tion of the county who knows of a stream by that name; but from the best information which has been obtained, that marked on Smith's map, and now gen- erally known as Raccoon Creek, was the dividing line between East and West Hanover townships down to the year 1813, when Lebanon County was taken from Dauphin, the northwest line of which runs in the neighborhood of Raccoon Creek, and, indeed, the head of that creek is made one of the points of that line, and the running of that line so near the dividing line of East and West Hanover townships made it of but little practical importance where the separating line of the two townships was ; it may, however, be assumed with reasonable certainty that Raccoon Creek was the line. There is another question which it seems proper and in place here to refer to, it is as to the true boun- dary on the north of East and West Hanover town- ships. In point of what may be called practice, it seems those townships were held to extend to the Second Mountain at least from an early day. If the records are consulted it by no means is certain that the practice was in accordance with them, or that there was any authority, until a later day, for sup- posing those townships extended beyond the First Mountain, other than long usage. When the town- ship of Paxtang was erected, in 1729, it extended from Swatara Creek to Kohtohtoning Hill, above Peter Allen's ; where Peter Allen's was, or whether the First Mountain of the range was the only one known by the name of Kohtohtoning, it is now im- possible to know. The probability is that start from below and running up the river, if it had been in- tended to pass the First Mountain and adopt the Second, it would have been so stated ; this, however, is but conjecture. The next matter of record bearing on the question occurs when Hanover township was erected in 1737. Beaver Creek, from its mouth to the mountain, was made the dividing line between Han- over and Peshtank. Beaver Creek had its source at the southern base of the First Mountain, and the di- vision line was extended no farther. It should have been stated before, when referring to the boundaries of Peshtank, that when the Kohtohtoning Hill was reached, the line ran eastward by the south side of said hill to the meridian of the mouth of Quitopa- hilla Creek. Again, in the year 1767, the court or- dered the division line between Upper and Lower Paxtang townships to be made from " the mouth of Fishing Creek ; thence along the top of Kittatinia Mountain, next to Lower Paxtang, to Beaver Creek." Hanover township was divided into east and west in the year 1785 ; the dividing line was a run, having its source on the south side of the First Mountain. In .this case, like that of the division of Peshtank and Hanover, the record provides no line extending beyond the First Mountain. The practice of treating the ter- ritory between the First and Second Mountains as within the Hanovers probably originated soon after the organization of Dauphin County, in the year 1785. The question whether East Hanover township ex- tended beyond the First Mountain in the year 1796 occurred in the trial of the case of Gloninger vs. God- dard, in the Common Pleas of Lebanon County, and which is reported in 5th Watts, 221. The under- standing and practice before mentioned was fully proved on that trial ; in the Supreme Court, h6wever, although it was not thought necessary to the question, the judge who delivered the opinion of the court clearly intimated that the records showed the .First Mountain to be the true boundary. This question and these matters relating to it are here merely referred to as a part of the history of township boundaries, and not to be understood as suggesting any existing diffi- culty ; incidentally the Second Mountain has become the record line of West Hanover, as may be seen on reference to the records establishing the township of Rush in 1820, and the division of West Hanover town- ship in 1842, both in Dauphin County. The assessment lists up to the formation of the county of Dauphin were designated as East and West End of Hanover. Those for the East End we have given with the history of Lebanon County, the whole of which probably fell into that county upon its erec- tion in 1813. Hanover township suffered severely in the French and Indian war, and many are the incidents of pioneer life which have come down to us. In the "Barnetts of Hanover" reference is made to Joseph Barnett and his son, William, giving the statement as it came to us from the late Samuel Barnett, of Springfield, Ohio. The following detail, however, differs somewhat from that there given. 424 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. The Barnetts and their immediate neighbors erected a block-house in proximity to Col. Green's mill, on the Manada, for the better safety of their wives and children, while they cultivated their farms in groups, one or two standing as sentinels. In the year 1757 there was at work on the farm of Mr. Barnett a small group, one of which was an estimable man named Mackey. News came with flying speed that their wives and children were all murdered at the block- house by the Indians. Preparation was made imme- diately to repair to the scene of horror. While Mr. Barnett with all possible haste was getting readyhis horse, he requested Mackey to examine his rifle to see that it was in order. Everything right they all mounted their horses, the rifle in hand, and galloped oflf, taking a near way to the block-house. A party of Indians lying in ambush rose and flred at Mr. Bar- nett, who was foremost, and broke his right arm. His rifle dropped; an Indian snatched it up and shot Mr. Mackey through the heart. He fell dead at their feet, and one secured his scalp. Mr. Barnett's father, who was in the rear of his company, turned back, but was pursued by the Indians, and narrowly escaped with his life. In the mean time Mr. Barnett's noble and high- spirited horse, which the Indians greatly wished to pos- sess, carried him swiftly out of the enemy's reach, but becoming weak and faint from the loss of blood, he fell to the ground and lay for a considerable time un- able to rise. At length by a great efibrt he crept to a buckwheat-field, where he concealed himself until the Indians had retired from the immediate vicinity, and then raising a signal he was soon perceived by a neighbor, who, after hesitating for some time for fear of the Indians, came to his relief. Surgical aid was procured, and his broken arm was bound up, but the anxiety of his mind respecting his family was a heavy burden which agonized his soul, and not until the next day did he hear that they were safe, with the exception of his eldest son, then eight or nine years of age, whom the Indians had taken prisoner, together with a son of Mackey's about the same age. The savages on learning that one of their captives was a son of Mackey whom they had just killed, compelled him to stretch his father's scalp, and this heartrend- ing, soul-sickening office he was obliged to perform in sight of the mangled body of his father. The Indians escaped with the two boys westward, and for a time Mackey's son carried his father's scalp, which he would often stroke with his little hand and say, " My father's pretty hair." Mr. Barnett lay languishing on a sick-bed, his case doubtful for a length of time, but having a strong constitution he at last, through the blessing of God, revived, losing about four inches of a bone near the elbow of his right arm. But who can tell the intense feeling of bitterness which filled the mind and absorbed the thoughts of him and his tender, sensitive companion, their be- loved child traversing the wilderness, a prisoner with a savage people, exposed to cold and hunger, and sub- ject to their wanton cruelty? who can tell of their sleepless nights, the anxious days, prolonged through long, weary months and years ? their fervent prayers, their bitter tears, and enfeebled health ? The prospect of a treaty with the Indians, with the return of prisoners, at length brought a gleam of joy to the stricken hearts of these parents. Accordingly, Mr. Barnett left his family behind and set off with Col. Croghan and a body of five hundred " regulars" who were destined to Fort Pitt for that purpose. Their baggage and provisions conveyed on pack- horses, they made their way over the mountains with the greatest difficulty. When they arrived at their place of destination. Col. Croghan made strict in- quiry concerning the fate of the little captives. After much fruitless search, he was informed that a squaw who had lost a son had adopted the son of Mr. Bar- nett and was very unwilling to part with him, and he, believing his father had been killed by the Indians, had become reconciled to his fate, and was much at- tached to his Indian mother. Mr. Barnett remained with the troops for some time without obtaining or even seeing his son. Fears began to be entertained at Fort Pitt of starvation. Surrounded by multitudes of savages, there seemed little prospect of relief, and to add to their despond- ency a scouting party returned with the distressing news that the expected provisions which were on the way to their relief was taken by the Indians. They almost despaired, — five hundred men in a picket fort on the wild banks of the Allegheny Biver without provisions ! The thought was dreadful. They became reduced to one milch cow each day for five days killed and divided among the five hundred. The three following days they had nothing ! To their great joy, on the evening of the third, provisions arrived ; every sunken, pale, despairing countenance gathered brightness, but owing to its imprudent use, which the officers could not prevent, many died. While the treaty was pending many were killed by the Indians, who were continually prowling around the fort. One day Mr. Barnett wished a drink of water from Grant's Spring (this spring is near Grant Street, in the city of Pittsburgh, known to most of the older inhabitants); he took his "camp-kettle'' and proceeded a few steps, when he suddenly thought the adventure might cost him his life and turned back ; immediately he heard the report of a rifle, and look- ing towards the spring he saw the smoke of the same, —the unerring aim of an Indian had deprived a sol- dier of life. They bore away his scalp, and his body was deposited on the bank of the Allegheny. The treaty was concluded and ratified by the par- ties ; nevertheless great caution was necessary on the part of the whites, knowing the treachery of many of their foes. Mr. Barnett was most unhappy. His hopes con- cerning his child had not been realized, and he had HANOVER TOWNSHIP. 425 been absent from his family already too long. Soon after the conclusion of the treaty a guard with the pack-horses started to cross the mountains, and he gladly embraced the opportunity of a safe return. After injunctions laid upon Col. Croghan to purchase, if possible, his son, he bade him and his associates in hardships farewell, and after a toilsome journey reached home and embraced once more his family, who were joyful at his return. But the vacancy oc- casioned by the absence of one of its members still remained. He told them that William was alive, soothed their grief, wiped away the tears from the cheeks of his wife, and expressed a prayerful hope that through the interposition of a kind Providence he would eventually be restored to them. Faithful to his promise, Ool. Croghan used every endeavor to obtain him. At length, through the in- strumentality of traders, he was successful. He was brought to Fort Pitt, and for want of an opportunity to send him to his father was retained under strict guard, so great was his inclination to return to savage life. On one occasion he sprang down the bank of the Allegheny Eiver, jumped into a canoe, and was midway in the stream before he was observed. He was quickly pursued, but reached the opposite shore, raised the Indian whoop, and liid himself among the bushes. After several hours' pursuit he was retaken and brought back to the fort. Soon after, an oppor- tunity offering, he was sent to Carlisle. His father, having business at that place, arrived after dark on the same day, and without knowing took lodgings at the same public-house where his son was, and who had been some time in bed. As soon as he was aware of the fact he asked eagerly to see him. The land- lord entreated him to let the boy rest until morning, as he was much wearied by traveling. To this the father could not assent, replying, " If a son of yours had been absent for three years could you rest under the same roof without seeing him ?" The hardy host felt the appeal and led the way to the chamber. The sleeping boy was awakened and told that his father stood by his bed. He replied in broken English, " No my father." At this moment his father spoke, . saying, " William, my son, look at me : I am your father." On hearing his voice and seeing his face he sprang from the bed, clasped him in his arms, and shouted, " My father ! My father is still alive !" All the spectators shed tears, the father wept like a child, while from his lips flowed thankful expressions of gratitude to the Almighty disposer of all events that his long-lost child was again restored. Early the next day the father and son were on the road homewards, where they arrived on the second day in the dusk of the evening. The rattling of the wheels announced their appro3,ch ; the mother and all the children came forth. She, whose frequent prayers had heretofore been addressed to the Throne of Divine Grace for the safety and return of her son, now trembled and was almost overcome as she beheld him led by his father and presented to her, the part- ner of her sorrows. She caught him to her bosom and held him long in her embrace, while tears of joy flowed. His brothers and sisters clustered eagerly around and welcomed him with a kiss of afiection. It was a scene of deep feeling not to be described, and known only to those who have been in similar circumstances. The happy family, all once more be- neath the parental roof, knelt down and united in thanksgiving to Almighty God for all His mercies to them in protecting and restoring to their arms a be- loved and long-absent child. The children scrutinized him with curiosity and amazement. Dressed in Indian costume, composed of a breech-cloth around the waist, with moccasins and leggins, his hair about three inches long and standing erect, he presented a strange appearance. By degrees he laid aside the dress of the wilderness, which he greatly preferred, forgot the Indian lan- guage, and became reconciled to his native home. But the rude treatment which he received from the Indians impaired his constitution. They frequently broke holes in the ice on rivers and creeks and dipped him in order to make him hardy, which his feeble system could not endure without injury. Respecting the son of Mackey, he was given by the Indians to the French, and passed into the hands of the English, and was taken to England, came as a soldier in the British army to America at the time of the Revolutionary war. He procured a furlough from his officers and sought out his widowed mother, who was still living, and who had long mourned him as dead. She could not recognize him after the lapse of so many years. He stood before her, a robust, fine- looking man, in whom she could see no familiar traces of her lost boy. He called her " mother," and told her he was her son, which she did not believe. "If you are my son," said she, " you have a mark upon your knee that I will know." His knee was exposed to her view, and she instantly exclaimed, "My son indeed !" Half frantic with joy, she threw her arms around his neck, and was clasped in those of her son. " Oh, my son," said she, " I thought you were dead, but God has preserved you and given me this happi- ness. Thanks, thanks to his name ! Through long years I have mourned that sorrowful day which bereft me of my husband and child. I have wept in secret till grief has nearly consumed me, till my heart grew sick and my poor brain almost crazed by the remem- brance. I have become old more through sorrow than years, but I have endeavored to ' kiss the rod' which chastised me. My afiiictions have not been sent in vain, they have had their subduing and purify- ing effect ; heaven became more attractive as earth be- came dark and desolate. But I now feel that I shall yet see earthly happiness. Nothing in this world, my son, shall separate us but death." He never returned to the British army, but remained with his mother and contributed to her support in her declining years. 426 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. There was another interesting meeting, that of Mackey with the son of Mr. Barnett. They recapit- ulated the scenes of hardship through which they passed while together with the Indians, which were indelibly impressed upon the memory of both. They presented a great contrast in appearance, — Barnett a pale, delicate man, and Mackey the reverse. The former sank into an early grave, leaving a wife and daughter. The daughter married a Mr. Franks, who subsequently removed to the city of New York. Mr. Barnett, the elder, after experiencing a great sorrow in the loss of his wife, removed to Allegheny County, spending his remaining days with a widowed daughter. He died in November, 1808, aged eighty- two years, trusting in the merits of a Divine Provi- dence. His eventful and checkered life was a life of faith, always praying for the sanctified use of his trials, which were many. His dust reposes in the little churchyard of Lebanon, Mifflin township, Al- legheny Co. In 1768 a movement was put on foot to divide the township, and again the year following. Prior to 1759 no records have been found giving the township officers. From that period until the erection of the county in 1785 we have gathered the following: 1759. Constable —Samuel Sterret. Overseas of Roads. — Kobert Snodgrass, William Thompson. 1760. Constable. — John Brown. Ouerseers of Poor. — Walter McFarling, Hugh Rlppy. 1761. Constable. — Robert SnodgrasB. Overseers of Poor. — Anthony McCreight, James Willeon. Overseers of Roads. — William Allen, Jacob Toopa. 1762. OomlabU.— Peter Walman. Overseers of Poor. — John Andrew, William Allen. Overseers of Roads. — Lazarus Steward, David Ferguson. 1763. ConsUibh. — James Stewart. Oceraeers of Poor. — James Rippetta, James Toung. Overseers of Roads.— John Dickson, William Young. 1764. ConKlahle. — James Young. Overseers of Poor. — John Gilliland, James McClelihan. Overseers of Roads.— John Dixon, William Young. 1765. Constable. — James McClure. Overseers of Poor. — John Young, John Hill. Overseers of Roads. — James Willson, George Tittle. 1766. Constable.— Willi&m McOliire. • Overseers of Poor. — John Hill, John Forster. Overseers of Roads. — Joseph Allen, Walter McFarland. Constable. — John Dixon. Overseei-a of Poor. — William Brown, Adam Harper. Overseers of Moods. — William Stuart (East End), Samuel Allen (West End). Constable. — John Hill. Overseers of Poor.— Jacob Stover, Joseph Barnett. Overseers of Roads,— Peter Walmer, Joseph Hutchison. Constable. — Benjamin Clark. Overseer of Poor, — John Kough. Ouerseers of Roads.-Thomas McMullen, John Brunner. 1770. Constable.— Hohert Hume. Oversem-s of Poor.— Arnold Shorts, Thomas Robinson. Overseei-s of i2oad«.— William Robinson, James Todd. 1771. Coiwfmiie.— William Cooper. Overseas of Poor.— John Toups, William Cincarte. Overseers of Roads.- James Wilson, John Tibbin, Jr. 1772. Coiwtofcte.— William Brown. Overseers of Poor.— Joseph Grean, Thomas Hume. Overseers of Roads. — Peter Eversole, Adam Harper. 1773. Constable. — Joseph McQuire. Orerseers of Poor. — Benjamin Wallace, Andrew Carverock. Overseers of Roads. — Matthias Poor, James Robinson. 1767. 1768. 1769. 1774. Constable.- John Yotiard. Overseers of Poor. — Peter Walmer, William McClure, Overseers of Roads. — Thomas Robinson, David Priest. 1775. Constable. — James Low. Overseers of Poor. — George Tittle, Joseph Hutchason. Overseers of Roads. — Daniel Musser, William Kithcart. 1776. Constables. — Edward Tute, Joseph McGuire. Overseers of Poor. — John Graham, Abraham Hoobler. Overseers of Roads. — William Wright, John Winter. 1777. Constable.-Edw&rd Tate. 1778. Constable.— James McMillan. Overseers of Poor,— Josiah Espy, James Willson . Overseers of Roads. — Joseph Crane, Francis Alberdele. 1779. Constable. — James Stewart. Overseers of Poor. — Richard Dearmond, Abraham Latcha. , Overseers of Roads. — James Porter, James Young. 1780. Constable. — James Porter. Overseers of Poor. — James Robertson, Kilian Long. Overseers of Roads. — John Hooper, Henry Shuey. 1781. Cons/a6Ze.— Robert Caldwell. Overseers of Poor. — Josiah Parks, William Robinson. Overseers of Roads. — John French, Josiah Espy. 1782. Constable.— John Thompson. Overseers of Poor. — John Rollers, Daniel Bradley. Overseers of Roads. — Richard Dearmond, Abraham Latcha. 1783. Constable.— J a.meB Wilson. Overseers of Poor. — Robert Hill, James Young. Overse&s of Roads. — William Young, John Cooper. 1784. (7oneto6/e.— John Winter, Sr. Overseers of Poor.— Robert Sturgeon, Thomas Hunn. Overseers of Roads. — Thomas McCord, William Stewart. 1785. Con8(abZe.— John Winter, Jr. Overseer of Poor. — James Young. Overseer of Roads. — George Tittle. The only complete assessment-list of Hanover is that for 1781. It includes, however, the entire town- ship of East and West End, and much of it is there- fore referable to Lebanon County. HANOVER TOWNSHIP RETURN FOR 1781, Names. Acres. Anger, Gborge 300 Allen, Jos 285 Andrew, Jn" 170 Allen, William 200 Andrew, James 370 Abertdal, Nicholas 150 Abertdal, Francis 150 Brown, William ; IROJ^ Brand, Philip 150 Beard, James 240 Brown, Michael 150 Beal, Peter 80 Brandon, Wm 200 Barnet, Jos 140 Brown, Sami 140 Beaker, Jn" 150 Brown, And^^ 150 Brown, William 100 Brown, Jn"., Jnn' 100 Bell, Samuel 136 Bachman, Michi 8 Bumgardner, Philip 120 Boal, Robert 242 Bumgarner, Jn" IQO Bradly, Dan^ 135j^ Bumgarner, Baltzor 60 Brown, Jn" 150 Brightbill, Jn" 130 Brightbill, Peter 130 Bell, Robert 52 Boge, Andrew...., 160 Grain, Jos 176 Grain, W" 125 Crafford, Elizabeth 260 Gathcart, W™ loo Grain, Geo 3oo Caldwell, David 220 Caldwell, James 100 Calhoun, James 200 Cooper, Andrew 100 Coopor, Jn" 111/4 Craford, Richard 212 Names. Acres. Craige, Jn" 166 Cook, Jacob, Esq' 300 Caldwell, Rob* 187 Cimmenuan, Jn" 150 Cunningham, John 210 Grain, Ambrose 100 Gamble, John 208 Clark, Benjamin 318 Countrim, John 150 Carpenter, W™ 120 Carvery, And" 200 Dearmond, Richard 232 Dixson, Sinkey 200 Dtxon, James 102 Dixson, Geo 100 Dixson, Richard 135 Espy, Geo 212 Endworth, Jd<> 136 Espy, Josias 133 Ewing, Robert 100 Ebersole, Peter 160 Freeman,. Caspar 130 Feuleer, Michael 150 Finny, Thomas 135 In trust 175 Furguson, Sami 150 French, Jn" .'.... 170 Furguson, Jn" 120 Finly, Richard 44 Firebach, Adam 180 Finney, Sami Faneeler, Henry 150 Fox, Anthony 135 Frank, Christian 200 Green, Timothy, Esq' 337J^ Grahams, Jh<» 200 Glenn, Hugh iQo Greenlee, Robert 200 Graham, Henry.... iso Graham, Jamesj Jun' lOO Graham, James, Sen' 181 Grahams, W™ ioq HANOVER TOWNSHIP. 427 Names. Acres. Goodman, Adam 100 Hugey, Jno Hooke, Geo 215 Humes, Jno 150 Hutchison, Jos., Jun>^ 100 Horst, Abram 150 Hutchison, Jos., Jun" ^^^}4 Horner, And^ 179 Humharger, Leonard 300 Hoover, John 150 Hill, Robert 120 Hill, Wn> 181 Hamaker, Adam 20 Hammel, James 15U Hedrick, Geo 130 Humes, Thomas 200 Hedrick, W» 80 Hedrick, Peter 150 Harper, Adam 219 Helm, Conrad 130 Hess, Henry 100 Henry, Jacob 190 Johnston, James 130 Johnston, Jn" 180 Innis, Mary 160 Johnston, Bichard 118 Kennady, Rob* 70 K.arr, Andrew 100 Killinger, Andrew 50 Kennady, Thomas 178 Kingry, Peter 221 Kleck, Ludwig 150 Latchar, Abram 310 Low, James 100 Lowmiller, Henry 140 Loss, Jacob 240 Lidigh, Jn**., Dr 80 Matthew, Lind 168 McCormac, Jn<» ^ 150 McGuire, David .f 180 McMullin, James 150 Moody, Robert 160 Mcliiare, Thomas 150 McClure, James.., 200 McCliire, Fran';is 200 McCormac, Elez" 170 McCreight, James, Capt 100 Meyers, Conrad 80 Menough, Geo 148 McQuown, Jn" 147 In Trust 147 McNutt, Barnard 140 Mislemings, W"* 125 McCreght, Anthony 100 McCord, Jn" 100 McCoUough, "Wni 177 Michael, W^ 120 McCord, Thomas 230 McElheney, Tho^ 200 McClugh, W" 173 ' Menoch, Simon 200 Miller, Dan» 28 Myer, Michael 40 Myers, Jacob 200 Myers, Henry 174 Markellion 142 McBride, Jn" 15 Mowrey, Widow 100 Miley, Martin 150 Museer, Dan^ 160 Meeso, Geo 300 McFarland, Walter 211 Nigh, Philip 1243^ Poltz, Michael 120 Poore, Mathias 130 Pickel, Jno •. 100 Pesore, Geo 130 Peaore, Mathias 145 Pesore, Fredrick 135 Proner, John 228 Petierue, James 100 Pergue, Joseph 100 Pesore, Henry 130 Portleroey, "Viutle 70 Philipi, Michael 195 Porter, James 177 Parks, Jos 225 Porterfield, Robert 120 Prooner, Jacob 133 Ramsey, Geo 100 Righard, Jn" 177 Ram, Milher 150 Ram, Jacob 100 Rodger, James 178 Rodgers, Jno., col" .- 200 Robinson, Jn" 232 Rodger, And'' 144 Rodger, W"" 197 Rippit, W^ 100 Rippet, James 200 Ramnge, W" 126 Names. Acres. Bough, Jn% Rev 180 Robinson, James 73 Bodger, Jeremiah 144 Robinson, Sami 102 Rigart, Jacob 100 Robinson, Widow 147 Ramsey, William 100 Ramsey, Hugh 100 Beaguel, Abram 300 Bumberger, Geo 40 Bambo, Peter 160 River, Peter 300 Bobinson, W"" 130 Bamsey, David 100 Robinson, James 73 Bank, Philip 100 Bough, Barnet 100 Stewart, James, Jun 120 Stewart, Ju" 120 Stewart, Sam* 200 Sterret, Jno 180 Sharp. Isafic 192 Sturgeon, Rob* 150 Sarkerry, Ulry 120 Saint, Jacob 160 Sprecher, Jacob 80 Spetzbach, Peter 160 Sneider, Jno 175 Snoddy, W™ 130 Suodgrass, W™ 196 Stream, David 80 Swan, Samuel. 150 Shuy,Jno 240 Snodgrass, Jn" 100 Sturgeon, Sam^ 140 Segler, Henry 100 Stewart. James 147 Sloue, Archibald 179 Silsor, Michael 150 Shultz, Jd'> 130 Stone, Adam 250 Stewart, Widow 100 Seidenstricker, Philip 200 Steely, Jn» 121 Serung, Ludwig 300 Straw, Michael 280 In trust 300 Smiley, Jn" 200 Slone, William 230 Shuey, Henry 300 Stone, Peter 95 Seaman, Jn^ 137 Stone, Abram 150 Slone, Alexander 100 Stewart, James 130 Tittle, Geo 200 Toner, Dan' 189 Toops, Jno 137 Tippin8,Jno 79 Tippins, Jacob 100 Tittler,Adara 200 Templeton, Robert 200 Trousdie, W™ 153 Todd, James 200 Todd, David 199 Todd,Jn<' 391 J^ Thompson, Jn" 157M Twoeys,Emani 65 Thom.W" 200 ■Tagart, James 125 Wallmore, Geo SO Wallace, W-^ 131^^ Wilson, Hugh 177 Walker, Thomas 150 Wallace, And^ 80 Willson, James, Sen"" 360 Wonderly, Dani 154 Wilson, James 147 Wolf, Geo 203 Wriirht, W" 225 Ward, Geo 200 Wilson, James, Capt 300 Wilson, James, Ex' 150 Wallace, Bobert 200 Wise, Adam 130 Wallace, Thomas 243 Weaver, Jn" 170 Wingart, Ahram 130 Weaver, Dan^ 160 Wolf, Jacob 20 Wingart, Chris 170 Wilt, Geo ; 195 Wilt, Jacob 100 Walmore, Peter 200 Winter, John 211 Walmore, Peter, Jun' 200 Winlin, Dewalt 100 Young, Wm. , Se' 443 Young, W"*., Jun' 200 Young, James 284 Inmates. W™ Wilkison. W«> Evens. David Hase. Bobert Frahelton. Al exander McGee. Josi" Briggs. Alex an' Bidd. Jn" Dunlap. Bobert Dulton. Charles Mulroy. Bob* Lewis. JaB Johnston. W" Stewart. Jn" Murry. Ja^ Wilson. Jn" Sibert. Jos. McClure. Isaac Hannah. Neal Colgan. Wm Jones. David McCracken. Rob* Strain. Jno Herkenreider. Fredit Pickel. Ja8 Breadon. W™ McEnally. PatJ-ick Flin. Jn" Martin. Wm Cloky. Sami McCullough. Jn" Hoover. David Kin ny. Isaac Hodge. Neal Meidou. Hugh Morris. Francis Ferguson. Dani Miller. Jdfi Pinkerton. Rob* Lewk, W° Barnet. Jos. Barnet. Jno Barnet. Jn" Martin. Jn" Paterson. ThoB McMillin. Jn" Millers. Hugh Reppith. Thomas Hardon. Robert Warnoch. Duncan Sinclair. James Wallace. W">Glen. W™ Cunningham. Philip Boil. Duncan Gamble. Jno Ramage. Robert Hervey. Henry Sherp. Mathias Becker. Jn" Carter. Martin Miller. Jn° McCully. Stophel Syder. Jn" Snody. Adam Harbison. James Duncan. Jn" Mo risen. WniHume. Jno Tully. Alex' McElheney. Jacob Lose. . Robert Young. Christ' Brown. Maths Crowser. Jn" Elder. Jno Stopher. Jos, Wilson. James Johnston. Philip Wallhower. Jno Bippith. James Bippith. Patrick Gallant. Edward Israel Low. Valen" Spelsbach. Jno Young. Jacob Creamer. Eva Huftnagle. W™ Donalson. Geo. Mury. Lazarus Stewart. Philip Frank. Jno Lose. Jno Petrey. Sarai Kirsley. Chris Pirky. Jn" Stone. Tho8 McCullough. Jno Dups. Jno Walmore. Henry Pruner. Jacob Greatt. Isaac Harison. Andw Young. Peter Weirup. Valene Salla. Conrad Road. Jno Tebbins. Adam Mark. Jno Young. Jacob Dupes, Nicholas Titlow. Jacob Basor. Alexander Young. Jacob Muser. Jno Pruner. Nicholas Pruner. Wm McFarland. Geo. Halns. Jno Carvery. Peter Felty. Peter Simon. Jacob Stone. Benjamin Clark. W™ Young. Adam Weaver. George Pruner. Jno Sups. Jno Philip Dehaar Josuah Mathew. Peter TJncher. Caspar Grosser. Chris>^ Fox. Dan^ McBride. Elizabeth Moyer. Peter Fox. Conrad Shrith, David Petierue. Geo. Syder. Abram Eallis. Jno Carvery. Peter Fleeting. Archibald McCullough. Adam Poore. 428 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Upon the formation of the county, Hanover was divided into East and West Hanover, and thus con- tinued until 1813, when Lebanon was formed, when the entire East Hanover, with a portion of West Han- over, were included in the new county. West Han- over in Dauphin continued as such until the year 1842, when by the sixty-fourth section of an act of Assembly, passed on the 4th of March that year, it provided " that the township of West Hanover, in the county of Dauphin, shall, as then divided into three separate election districts, thereafter form three sepa- rate townships, the south district to be called South Hanover, the east district to be called East Hanover, and the west district West Hanover, and that the then supervisors should file in the office of the clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Dauphin County, as the dividing lines of said townships, the survey and draft thereto annexed of the election lines run of said West Hanover township, pursuant to law, by M. Robeson, on the 17th day of September, 1838." On the 14th of March, 1842, the survey and draft of M. Robeson was filed as above directed, and was recorded in Road Docket A, page 253, as follows, to wit: "Beginning at the Swatara Creek, half a mile south of the intersection of Bow Run with said creek, at a chestnut oak on the land of John Fox; thence through land of Conrad Waggoner, Philip Stine, Abraham Hoover, Jacob Leasure, and John B. More- head, to the present residence of J. B. Morehead, leaving the houses on all said farms north, except Conrad Waggoner — whole distance, 2 miles and 20 perches — course bearing south 82 degrees west ; thence from J. B. Morehead's through other land of said Morehead, Doc. William Simonton, Samuel McOord, William McCord, Jacob Keiflfer, Samuel Shellen- berger, George Bashore, William Bomgardner, and Christian Walters, to Beaver Creek to a hickory, leaving all the houses on said farms north, except J. B. Morehead's present residence, one of Doc. Wil- liam Simonton's tenant-houses, now occupied by John Farling, Samuel McCord's and William McCord's — these five are south — course bearing the same, viz., south 82 degrees west, distance 21- miles. Then begin- ning at the house of J. B. Morehead (present resi- dence) ; thence through land of said Morehead, and near land of Daniel Keim, through land of Doc. Wil- liam Simonton, Alexander McFadden, Daniel Keifier, Samuel Zimmerman, John Snodgrass, Simon Stout, Samuel Fleming, Mary McCreight, Joseph Shoop, Benjamin Snodgrass, Emanuel Cassel, junior (near Daniel and William Gross), Joseph Allen, William Crum (near Daniel Aungst), E. and C. B. Grubb, George Rhoads, John Rhoads, and E. and C. B. Grubb, to the top of the second mSuntain — the pres- ent boundary of West Hanover township — leaving all the houses on said farms west, except Daniel Keim, Simon Stout, Benjamin Snodgrass, Daniel and William Gross, Emanuel Cassel, junior, Daniel Aungst, E. and C. B. Grubb, George Rhoads, and John Rhoads ; course bearing north 14J degrees west, distance 8 miles." SOUTH HANOVER TOWN^SHIP. This township lies south of the other Hanovers, with the Swatara and Beaver Creeks on its entire eastern, southern, and western border. It is well watered, and there is little poor or untillable land in the township. Union Deposit was laid out by Philip Wolfers- berger, July 30, 1845, and called Unionville. The survey was made by Samuel Hoffer, and the platting done by Jacob R. Hoffer. It comprised twenty-three lots. In the same year Isaac Hershey laid out some lots adjoining. The place, however, always went by the name of Union Deposit, from the fact of its being a deposit of all the grain produce, etc., of this region, preparatory to its shipment on the canal by Mr. Wolferaberger, who owned several boats. He also kept the first store. Dr. D. C. Keller came in 1848, and was the first resident physician. The first house built on the hill was the one in which he resides. The post-office was established in 1857, and David Wolfersberger appointed postmaster. McCormick's Furnace was erected about 1857, and a few years ago a railroad built from it to Swatara Station, on the Lebanon Valley Railroad, a distance of a mile. It manufactures pig metal, and employs in the furnace and quarries some forty hands. Most of the ore is obtained from Sand Hill, three and a half miles dis- tant, the rest from Cornwall and other banks. The churches are the Lutheran and Reformed, a one-story brick edifice, erected in 1847, and the United Brethren, a similar structure, built in 1848. The former is supplied by the Hummelstown pas- tors. Its trustees are George Hocker, Sr., Lutheran, and Jacob Walmer, Reformed. Rev. David S. Long- necker, of Derry, is the United Brethren pastor. The village is on Swatara Creek and the Union Canal, one mile from Swatara Railroad Station. HoEENERSTOWN issituatcd in the southwestern part of the. township, one and a half miles north of Hum- WEST HANOVER AND EAST HANOVEE TOWNSHIPS. 429 melstown. It takes its name from John Hoerner, born in 1782, of one of the earliest families that settled in this region, and whose descendants are very numerous in this vicinity. The place has a store, post-office, and the usual number of small shops. The United Breth- ren Church is at the east end of the village, and the German Baptist at the west. Manadaville lies in the extreme eastern part of the township, at the junction of the Manada with Swatara Creek. It contains a saw- and grist-mill, school-house, cabinet-shop, store, and several other shops. The iirst settlers in the place were J. Ream, G. F. Yengst, D. Houck, John Gordon, Dr. Samuel Eby, H. Styles, J. Dougherty, D. Bitter, and S. Rose. li" > gag a < t . WEST HANOVER TOWNSHIP. Adjoining East Hanover township on the west is the extreme portion of the Hanover of 1737. To the north and west is Middle Paxtang township, while on the south lies South Hanover township, and south- west Lower Paxtang township. In the northern part of the township are the First and Second Mountains of the Kittoohtinny range, between which lies Fish- ing Creek Valley, entered through a gap in the First or South Mountain, long known as Heckert's Gap. The township contains many fine, well-watered, and productive farms. The history of this locality is so intimately connected with not only the history of the township proper and the county, especially during the most interesting epochs, that what might other- wise be of interest here will be found elsewhere. The Barnett place, one of the earliest farms cleared within the township, is located one mile and a half east of Linglestown, recently owned by George Runyen. Another landmark of the early settlement is the late Robert Stewart homestead on Beaver Creek. Manada Hill is the only village in the township, and lies in the southwest of the township near East Hanover line. It has a post-office, store, and several shops. A mile and a half southwest is the Lutheran Church, a one-story frame structure. Two and a half miles southeast is the German Baptist Church, and a little northeast is the Zion Lutheran Church, a one- story brick structure. EAST HANOVER TOWNSHIP. East Hanover Township, as defined by the rec- ord, is bounded on the north by Rush township, on the east by Lebanon County, on the south by South Hanover and Derry townships, and on the west by Middle Paxtang and West Hanover townships. In the northern part of the township are the three ranges of the Kittochtinny Mountains, the First, Sec- ond, and Third, and as a consequence the land is much broken and the greater portion sterile. The central and southern part of the township is well watered, highly cultivated, and productive. On the southern border, separating the township from Derry, is Swa- tara Creek. Bow Creek is in the eastern part of the township, while the Manada, another branch of the Swatara, courses through the entire western side, rising in Lebanon County between the First and Sec- ond Mountain, finding its way thi'ough the former by the Manada Gap. Between the Second and Third Mountain is Stony Creek, in the centre of Stony Creek Valley, appropriately named. Shellsvillb, often called Earlysville from the large number of Earlys living in and near the village, and whose post-office is called " West Hanover," is situated a little south of the centre of the township. It takes its name from Maj. John Shell, who was born Dec. 20, 1790, and died March 27, 1875. He laid out the town, and in 1821 opened the first hotel, in which he was succeeded by Henry Dick, John Adam Albert, and William Snyder. This tavern is the oldest build- ing in the village, being originally a log house built in 1764, but has been remodeled and additions put to it. The first store was opened by Maj. John Shell and Jacob Early, as partners, in 1822. It has two churches, the Evangelical Association, of which 430 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Rev. C. S. Brown is pastor, and the joint Lutheran and Reformed Church. Rev. Mr. Gauker is pastor of the Lutheran congregation, while that of the Re- formed is supplied by the minister of Hummelstown, Rev. A. 8. Stauffer. Grantville is a thriving village, located a mile and a half east of Shellsville, near the Lebanon County line. It is a new place which sprang up since the war. It is a growing town, and has a large trade with the surrounding country. The United Brethren have a neat church edifice and beautiful cemetery. Manada Fuenace is in the northwest of the town- ship. It is owned by the Grubb heirs, and embraces some twenty-five hundred acres. It \yas built in 1836, but is not now in operation. Near it is the site of old " Fort Manada," erected about 1755 for protection against the Indians, and as a kind of block-house to which the early settlers fled on the advance of the red men. The German Baptists have a meeting-house in the southeast end of the township, and the Methodist Episcopal congregation are near the centre, just about the proposed South Mountain Railroad. HANOVER CHURCH. Nearly eleven miles from Harrisburg, on Bow Creek, was located old Hanover Church, one of the landmarks in the history of the Scotch-Irish and of Presbyterianism in Pennsylvania. HANOVER CHURCH. In 1735 the Presbytery of Donegal, then the only Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church in America west of Philadelphia, was in session at Nottingham, Chester Co., Pa., in the month of September. This Presbytery had been created by order of the Synod of Philadelphia in September, 1732. The original members of it were Rev. Messrs. James Anderson, Adam Boyd, William Bertram, John Thomson, and Robert Orr. On the 3d of September, 1735, a sup- plication was presented from " A people on the borders of Suetara Congregation, desiring the coun- tenance of Presbytery in building a new meeting- house in order to have supplies," which being read, the Rev. William Bertram, the pastor of the Swatara congregation, reported that his people desired him to signify to the Presbytery that they desire them to defer granting said supplication until they be heard. The matter was deferred until the next meeting of Presbytery. At a session of Presbytery held at the same place Oct. 7, 1785, the afiair of the people of Manada Creek was again deferred. " Mr. Richard Sankey, a theological student from Ireland, having produced his certificate at last meet- ing before the members of Presbytery and been taken under its care,, the Presbytery ordered that he en- deavor to acquaint himself with the brethren before our next meeting, and also endeavor to prepare some preliminary extempore trials against our next meet- ing." At a session of the Presbytery held at Middle Octorara, Lancaster Co., November 20th, Lazarus Stewart appeared to prosecute a supplication of Man- ada Creek for a new erection. The region along Manada Creek to the mountains was settled rapidly, and the people early began to feel the inconvenience of going so far as Derry to church, and moved for a new " erection or congregation." At that early day they were all Scotch-Irish, and were connected with the Presbyterian Church. The boundaries'of congre- gations and the location of meeting-houses were deter- mined by the Presbytery with considerable authority. On the 10th November, 1736, Presbytery ordered I James Gelston and Richard Sankey to supply Pequea and Manada by monthly turns alternately until the next meeting of Presbytery. On the 6th of April following, in pursuance of a supplication from the people of Manada, Mr. Bertram was ordered to sup- ply that people on the last Sabbath of Apuil, and to convene the people on some day of the following week in order to moderate a call to Mr. Sankey. On the 22d June, 1737, a supplication and a call to Mr. Sankey was presented to Presbytery by John Cunningham and Robert Grier, commissioners from the congregation of Hanover (Manada), by which said commissioners are empowered to promise to- wards Mr. Sankey's support among the people of Hanover as their orderly pastor the annual payment of sixty pounds, i.e., one-half in cloth and the other in particular commodities, as flax, hemp, linen, yarn, and cloth, together with several gratuities mentioned in said supplication. Said call was recommended to Mr. Sankey's consideration till the next meeting of Presbytery. He was appointed to supply Paxtang and Hanover alternately, and to open the next meet- ing of Presbytery with a sermon from Rom. vi. 21. On the 30th August, 1738, the Presbytery of Don- egal met for the first time at Hanover. Richard Sankey was ordained and received as a member of the Presbytery of Donegal, and was installed as the first pastor of the Hanover Church. On June 6, 1759,^ we learn that Mr. Sankey, having received a call to a" congregation in Virginia, and de- EAST HANOVEK TOWNSHIP. 431 signing to remove there, applied for and received cre- dentials from the Presbytery. His relation to the Hanover Church as pastor seems to have been already dissolved. He removed to Virginia, accompanied by many of the Hanover congregation, about 1760. The main reason for going was to escape the incursions of the savages. He settled at Buffalo, joined the Han- over Presbytery of "Virginia in 1760, and was ap- pointed to preside at the opening of the Synod of Vir- ginia in 1785. He lived to a good old age, respected by his people and his brethren in the ministry. Mr. Sankey served the Hanover Church for twenty-one years, and, though no further record is known of his ministry, it was evidently an acceptable one to the people, who kept him so long, and many of whom ac- companied him when he left the place. ' After his dismissal, during the year 1759 the church was sup- plied occasionally by Rev. Messrs. John Steel and John Elder. In November, 1762, a call was made for the Eev. Robert McMordie, which he accepted. During the year 1765 or 1766 the church of Hanover became vacant. No record of Mr. McMordie's resignation exists, but it was doubtless caused by the dissensions in his church. After his withdrawal the church con- tinued in a distracted and enfeebled state. In April, 1772, Mr. William Thorn was appointed one. of the supplies at Hanover. On the 21st of May a call for Mr. Thorn was presented in Presbytery, with a copy of a subscription paper of over one hundred pounds. The call was put into his hands. In the mean time Mr. Thom received other calls from Big Spring, Sher- man's Valley, and Alexandria, Va., and on Oct. 15, 1772, accepted the latter. For the next seven years, covering part of the period of the Revolutionary war, the Hanover Church depended on occasional supplies. The times tried men's souls. Men were called away to war; the people were poor. On the 20th of June, 1781, a call from Hanover to Rev. Matthew Woods was made out, in which they promise to pay him six hundred bushels of wheat, or a sum of hard money equivalent thereto, and also a gratuity of six hundred bushels. The cause of these peculiar calls in grain was the greatly depreciated value of the Continental currency. Mr. Woods ac- cepted the call, and was ordained and installed over the Hanover congregation June 19, 1782. The pas- torate of Mr. Woods was a brief one. On Sept. 13, 1784, the Rev. Matthew Woods died. His remains were buried in the Hanover graveyard adjoining the church, and a tombstone erected by subscription to his memory in 1789. In 1787, Hanover was allowed to prosecute a call to a probationer for the ministry under the care of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. On the 16th of Oc- tober, Mr. James Snodgrass was received under the care of the Presbytery from the Philadelphia Presby- tery, and having accepted a call from the Hanover congregation he was appointed to prepare a lecture on Rom. viii. 1-7, and a Presbyterial exercise on 1 Cor. XV. 22, as parts of his trial for ordination. On the 13th of May, 1788, the Presbytery of Carlisle met at Hanover, — John Craighead, Robert Cooper, and Samuel Waugh, with James Johnston, elder. Upon the next day. May 14th, James Snodgrass was ordained and installed as pastor of the Hanover con- gregation. Rev. John Craighead presided and gave the charge, and the Rev. John Linn preached the sermon. During the first eight or ten years of his pastorate Mr. Snodgrass kept in a blank-book of the trustees of the church a record of the marriages, baptisms, and admissions to the church, but he seems to have be- come weary of it, and to have utterly abandoned it before the year 1800. There is no record of removals from the church by letter or by death. A list remains of the heads of families about the year 1788, and the lists of those who paid stipends are continued down to the date of his death. Mr. Snodgrass' receipts for his salary and the records of the board of trustees are also in existence. The church was very weak at the time of his death, and never had another pastor. The building fell into decay, and was at length in 1875 or 1876 taken down. The care of the glebe funds and the cemetery grounds was placed in the hands of trustees. HALIFAX TOWNSHIP. At December sessions, 1803, the court issued an order to certain commissioners to view and lay out a new township out of parts of Upper and Middle Pax- tang townships, who reported the following bounda- ries of the new township, to wit : " Beginning on the west side of the Susquehanna River, opposite the end of Peter's Mountain ; thence along the top of Peter's Mountain to the Berks and Dauphin County line ; thence along said line to Wi- coniscb Mountain ; thence along the top of said mountain to the Susquehanna River, and across said river and thence to the place of beginning." This report was confirmed by the court at their March sessions, a.d. 1804, and it was ordered thai the new township be called Halifax. The mountain called " Wiconisco" in the above report is the same usually called Berry's Mountain. The history of the township centres about Fort Halifax and the town of Halifax, and is referred to elsewhere. There are certain facts, however, of local importance which it is well to consider in this con- nection. The township accepted the free school law in 1836, and the most active persons in urging the adoption of the system were Judge Landis and John Mutch. Opposite the town of Halifax is Clemson's Island, once the site of a Shawanese Indian village as late as 1701. A large- mound on the island partially exam- ined shows it to be one of those burial-places of the aborigines which evidence some great sanguinary struggle or sudden calamity, where the large number of dead required their sepulture in one common grave. Various surmises and traditions have come down to us concerning this Indian mound, but whether the result of the famed " grasshopper war" of the Indians centuries ago we know not. Many implements of the Stone Age have been exhumed. On one of the islands opposite the borough, prior to 1820, was a noted roosting-place of bald eagles. A Lutheran and Beformed Citurch is located two miles northeast of Halifax. It is a substantial one- story brick structure. It is better known as Fetter- hoff's Church. The Mennonites have a church situated a few rods distant from the foregoing. 432 Matamoras is a village situated about two miles south of Halifax. It contains three churches, the Church of God, United Brethren, and Methodist Episcopal, the latter supplied by the Halifax pastor. It has several industrial establishments, a good school- house and stores. The post-office is called " Powell's Valley." Southwest of the village is another United Brethren Church with graveyard, and a little north of the village is the Union meeting-house and ceme- tery. There is a fourth United Brethren Church in the northwest part of the township, just back from the Susquehanna River. Lytle's Ferry. — Joseph Lytle removed from Marietta to the spot which was afterwards known as " Lytle's Ferry" in the fall of 1773. The property was obtained by warrants issued severally to John Kroker, Samuel Hunter, and Joseph Lytle, and com- prised about two hundred acres in all.. Geographi- cally, the location was about four miles north of Hali- fax, two miles south of Millersburg, and about a half- mile below Berry's Mountain, which was then a for- midable barrier to journeying along the river. Here Joseph Lytle established a ferry, which became the most important crossing on the river between Harris' Ferry and Sunbury (Fort Augusta). The property was surveyed by Bartrem Galbraith and styled " Fair- view," in December of 1773. Joseph Lytle continued in this occupation until his death, about 1790. The ferry property was then purchased by his only son, John Lytle, and Michael Bauer. At the end of about sixteen years they sold the ferry to "William Moor- head, father of the Moorhead brothers (J. Kennedy, of Pittsburgh, J. Barlow, of Philadelphia, etc.), well known through Pennsylvania, in April, 1806. Mr. Moorhead came from Soudersburg, Lancaster Co., and after some time also tried to start a town. It was located on the old "Moorhead homestead," about two miles south of Millersburg, more recently known as the " Finney farm," and at present as the " Miller farm." The project never amounted to anything, and no buildings were ever erected on the lots. With all its advertised attractions the project failed, and the contemplated town and future county-seat forever remained a farm, on whose fertile fields several generations have lived and labored. HALIFAX BOROUGH. The town of Halifax, pleasantly located on the Susquehanna Eiver seventeen miles above Harris- burg, was laid out July 18, 1784, by George Sheaffer and Peter Eise. The first deed given by white men in this vicinity was issued to Robert Armstrong by Thomas and John Penn, proprietaries. The warrant for the land was dated April 17, 1764,. and the deed given Feb. 8, 1775. As the valley and creek still bear his name, Armstrong was no doubt the first white settler here. The price stipulated was £51 ISs. and 7d., — from sixty to seventy cents an acre. This, however, did not include the rental of one halfpenny per acre which had to be paid to the agent of the Penns at Lancaster City yearly in the month of May. The land included in this deed is now owned by the Boyers, Geiger, and Loomis families, beginning at the northern line of the borough and extending along the river to Armstrong's Creek. It is described as having been bounded on the east by a bairren ledge of hills, on the west by the Susquehanna Eiver, south by vacant lands, and north by settle- ments in the right of Simon Girty. The house of Eobert Armstrong is still standing on the bank of the river, three-fourths of a mile above the town, and is the oldest house in the neighborhood. This is also the site of old Fort Halifax, from which the town derives its name, reference to which has been made in the general history. There is nothing now to mark the place except in a slight elevation of the ground and a well known to have belonged to the fort. The land on which Halifax stands was deeded to James Aston, Sept. 29, 1773, and was called in popu- lar parlance " Flat Bottom," and about the same time the tract adjoining^perhaps the one now owned by George Singer and others— was conveyed to Aston, and was known as " Scanderoon." From 1729 ta 1785 Halifax was in Upper Paxtang township, Lan- caster Co. From 1785 (at which time the county of Dauphin was formed) until 1803 it was in Upper Paxtang township, Dauphin Co. As heretofore stated, the town of Halifax was laid out by George Sheafifer and Peter Eise in 1794, but we find that the deed was recorded by Philip Brin- dle and George Norton, attorneys for George Win- ters, on the 8th of May, 1794. The plot of the town extended from the river to the alley adjoining the property of Henry Sha- 28 mond, and from north to south as indicated by the present length of Front Street from Boyer's to Sing- er's land. When the town was laid out the lots were sold for twenty dollars each by means of a lottery, then the customary way of designating the public preference for lots. John Downey made the survey for the origi- nal proprietors. In 1801 the houses were mostly on the river, and even in 1825 and 1826 all the old houses but five or six were along the Susquehanna. The original settlers were generally Scotch-Irish, who soon gave way to the German tide that fast set in in this region. James Ferguson in 1801 bought an old story and a half log house (stone basement) on his arrival and there lived. Three tanneries were early established, George Leebrick's, John Shammo's, and Hassinger's (first built and started by Abraham Landis). Three-quarters of a century ago four cooper-shops flourished and four distilleries in or adjoining the town, and at a somewhat later period Isaac Jones started the first hat manufactory. At an early period the town was a flourishing point of trade, receiving its impetus from the "shad fisheries," which were the largest and best-paying along the Susquehanna Eiver. During the fishing season large quantities were packed, and often fifty and sixty teams were here from a distance to haul away the fish. In olden times the place was noted for horse-racing, and two men, Brubaker and Bower, were killed when running horses, but at times twenty years apart. The old track was along the river bottoms. Halifax was incorporated intq a borough May 29, 1875, its first burgess being Dr. H. W. Bischofi". The first election was held on June 29th following, of which the judge was T. J. Sawyer, and the inspectors were William B. Gray and J. B. Markley. The cor- poration officers have been : Burgesses, 1875-79, H. W;. Bischoff'; 1879, Isaac Lyter; 1880-82, Albert S. Loomis. Cleris, 1875-77, G. T. Leebrick ; 1877-80, C: D. Waldron ; 1880-82, Isaac Lyter. The Halifax Bank was organized Aug. 1, 1871. Since its establishment the officers have been William Lodge, president; William Shammo, cashier, and J. E, Lighter, teller. The directors in 1881 were An- drew Bowerman, Joseph Fetterhoff', Leonard Clem- son, William Taylor, J. B. Landis, James Hoff'man, William Fitting, Charles W. Eyan, Conrad Bauer, 433 434 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Thomas J. Sawyer, Andrew Shepley. Its capital stock is one hundred thousand dollars. It has always oc- cupied the same building. The "Halifax Heeald," the only newspaper ever published in the town, was established Feb. 22, 1844, by Anthony Wayne Loomis. It was originally a four-page sheet of four columns each, and its terms were one dollar a year if paid in advance, one dollar and twenty-five cents if paid during the year, and one dollar and fifty cents if paid at the close. Its motto was, " We aim to serve the people and to pro- mote the greatest good of the greatest number." It was Democratic in politics, and warmly espoused in the campaign of 1844 the election of "Polk and Dallas." Halifax Methodist Episcopal Chubch. — About 1799 and 1800 several Methodist families set- tled in and around the town. Three members of them, James Ferguson, Robert Bowes, and Thomas Burrell, who had emigrated from Ireland, located in the town. Soon after, Philip Shephard established himself three miles above town, and George Lemon four miles below town, both families coming from the lower end of the State. About the same time five or six more families of the Methodist Episcopal Church settled in Lykens Valley, and John and Daniel Mil- ler settled near the mouth of Wiconisco Creek, where they laid out Millersburg. Two or three miles far- ther up the valley settled Daniel Stever, an old soldier of the Revolutionary war, and the first Methodist ex- horter in the county. About this time John Hotter, Philip Verner, John Deitrich, and Samuel Wells lo- cated ten miles farther up the valley. Just a few miles from the Dauphin County line, in Schuylkill County, lived Henry Eunzelman, who afterwards became an itinerant preacher of the Methodist faith, preaching in the German language. In the summer of 1801 the Philadelphia Conference sent out Rev. William Rose, an Irishman, as a missionary, who, after making several excursions through the upper end of Dauphin County with the view of establishing permanent appointments for preaching, organized several classes and preaching appointments, one in Halifax, one near where Millersburg is, and one near where Berrysburg is. Next year he was followed by the eccentric Rev. Jacob Gruber, who preached in both German and English. The Dauphin Circuit was then fully explored and organized, embracing Dauphin, Lebanon, and parts of Schuylkill County, making a six weeks' tour, day or night appointments, besides the Sunday labors. This territory now em- braces twenty circuits and stations (or, as old Father Gruber called them, tobacco patches), supporting from one to two ministers each, with at least two preaching appointments each Sabbath. In 1834, Harrisburg was cut ofi' as a station, and in 1837 the circuit was divided, making Peter's Mountain the line, the upper end forming Halifax Circuit. After- wards Lykens and Wiconisco were made into a cir- cuit, and Williamstown into a station, with other sub-divisions hereafter to be noted under the heads of the various towns. The old log meeting-house in Halifax was prob- ably the first Methodist edifice in the county, and was built in 1806. The following is a list of all the itinerant and station preachers that have preached' or ministered at Halifax : Dauphin Circuit from 1801 to 1837 : 1801, William Ross, missionary; 1802-3, Jacob Gruber ; 1803, Henry Boehm ; 1804, Auning Owens, Henry Boehm ; 1805, Joseph Osborne, Joseph Ste- phens ; 1806, William Hunter, Daniel Ireland ; 1807, Thomas Burch, William Hoyer, George Harmer; 1808, Thomas Burch, James Miller, J. Kitchell; 1809, Thomas Boring, John Betchell; 1810, Thomas Baring, John Farmon ; 1811, William Fox, D. Brown, John Van Shock; 1812, William Fox, James Mitchell, William W. Foultz ; 1813, James Mitchell, WilMam W. Foultz ; 1814, William W. Foultz, John Walker, Henry Kunzelman ; 1815, Henry Kunzelman, Law- rence Lawrenson ; 1816, John Goforth, Richard Mc- Callister; 1817, John Price, Phineas Price; 1818, William Leonard, William Able, Samuel Grace; 1819, William Quinn, Henry G. King ; 1820, Henry G. King, Jacob Gruber (2d time) ; 1821, Jacob Gruber, Joseph Gary; 1822, John Woolson, W. W. Wallace ; 1823, John Woolson, Matthew Soren ; 1824, John Goforth (2d time), William Allen; 1825, A. Ogden, Henry G. King (2d time) ; 1826, Henry G. King, Joseph McCool; 1827, Francis Hodgson, Thomas Neal ; 1828, Thomas Neal, Francis Hodgson ; 1829, Eliphalet Reed, Jefierson Lewis; 1830, Elipha- let Reed, J. B. Ayres, C. B. Ford ; 1831, David Best, J. B. Ayres, A. Z. Baring; 1832, David. Best, Allen John, Richard W. Thomas; 1833, Thomas Sovern, Allen John, Francis Hodgson (2d time) ; 1834, John Edwards, Robert E. Kemp ; 1835, Charles W. Jackson, Robert E. Kemp; 1836, Richard W. Thomas (2d time), Charles W. Jackson. Halifax Circuit from 1887 : 1837, Jonas Bissey, Charles Schock ; 1838, Charles Schock ; 1839, Jacob Davidson ; 1840-43, Eliphalet Reed (2d time) ; 1843, John Edwards (2d time), Wil- liam L. Gray ; 1844, Edwards and Gray ; 1845, Leeds K. Berridge, Thomas A. Fernley ; 1846, John Wat- son, John Hough ; 1847, Eliphalet Reed (3d time), S. R. Gillingham ; 1848, Valentine Gray, C. L. Stine- man; 1849, Valentine Gray, George W. McLaugh- lin; 1850, James E. Meredith, Frederick Illman; 1851, John Cummins, C. R. Curry ; 1852, Cummins J. Childs; 1853, H. H. Hickman, Joseph S. Cook; 1854, Joseph S. Cook, Robert L. Collar; 1855, Henry B. Mauger, J. Wheeler ; 1856, H. B. Mauger, G. W. Barr; 1857, H. H. Hobbs, R. J. Carson; 1858, Wil- liam B. Gregg, Joseph Cook ; 1859, William B Gregg J. T. Crouch; 1860, S. W. Kurtz, Gearge Sheaffer; 1861, Kurtz and Sheaffer ; 1862, William H Burrell C. W. Ayres; 1863, W. H. Burrell, John Stumger- RUSH TOWNSHIP. 435 1864, G. S. Conway, J. E. Kesler; 1865-66, J. E. Kesler, F. M. Brady; 1867, S. E. Gillingham (2d time) ; 1868, E. J. D. Pepper ; 1869-71, Silas B. Best ; 1872, M. Barnhill ; 1873, Thomas Sumption ; 1874-76, Joseph Aspril ; 1876, Richard Morley ; 1877-80, Jon- athan Dungane ; 1880, Henry White. Some of the above was paid in work and labor, some in materials and hauling, and the remainder in cash. Some of the subscribers gave more than they originally promised, and only in two or three in- stances did the subscribers fail to make their sub- scriptions good. When the old church was taken down the shingles were found as good as when first put on. The old log church was replaced in 1850 by the present substantial brick edifice, built in the centre of the town. The circuit now embraces Matamoraa, Trinity Church in Powell's Valley, and preaching in United Brethren Church near the Parks neighbor- hood. The LuTHBRAif Church, a one-story log struc- ture, was built about 1814, but from 1826 to 1838 was used occasionally (nearly half of the time) by the village school. The Lutheran congregation gradu- ally dwindled down so that by 1838 it had no mem- bers, or at least no officials to take charge of it. Then the citizens held a meeting and sold its material to Anthony W. Loomis, who removed it to the village. The proceeds from its sale were used to inclose the graveyard lot, upon which it stood, with a substantial fence. It stood on the hill. United Brethren Church in Christ.— This congregation was organized about 1840, but the present church edifice was not built until 1868. Since 1868 the pastors have been Revs. J. W. Hunkle, A. F. Yeager, Joseph Young, John W. Geiger, Mr. List, William D. Knower, A. V. H. Gosweiler, Ezekiel L. Hughes, V. S. Riddle, W. D. Mower, and S. P. Funk, the present incumbent, who came in 1881. The Evangelical Association Church was until recently part of the Millersburg Circuit, but preaching here has been abandoned. ■♦-►" i^-K- RUSH TOWNSHIP. On the 23d of October, 1819, the Court of Quarter Sessions issued an order to commissioners to inquire into the propriety of dividing the township of Middle Paxtang. The commissioners reported in favor of a division, and that they had run a dividing line as follows, to wit : " Beginning on a stone heap on the Second Moun- tain, the summit of which separates West Hanover from Middle Paxtang township, at the distance of three ■ and one-half miles from the northwest corner of West Hanover township, thence north ten degrees west three miles one hundred and fifty perches to a chest- nut-oak tree on the top of Peter's Mountain and line of Halifax township." This report was confirmed by the court March 14, 1820, and it was ordered that the new township be called Rush township. (For record, see Sess. Doc. 1815-23, page 282.) The line above described con- tinued to be the dividing line between Rush and Middle Paxtang townships from 1820 to 1832. Pre- vious to the 22d of November, 1831, a petition had been presented to the court praying for an alteration of the dividing line between those two townships, and on that day the court issued an order to commission- ers to inquire into the propriety of granting the prayer of said petition, who made report in favor of altering the line, and that they had run the line as follows, to wit: " Beginning at a chestnut-oak on the top of Peter's Mountain, the northwest corner of Rush township ; thence a southwesterly course along the summit of said mountain, which separates Jackson and Halifax townships from Middle Paxtang and Rush, seven miles twenty-five perches to a marked hickory ; thence passing on the line between John Williams and the Widow Fortenbach south ten degrees east one mile and one hundred and eighty-five perches to a chest- nut-oak on the summit of the Third Mountain ; thence a northeasterly course along the top of the said moun- tain seven miles, intersecting the west line of Rush township." This report was confirmed by the court Nov. 19, 1832. (See Road Doc. A, page 74.) The township as thus organized, being exceedingly mountainous, contains fewer farms and the least num- ber of inhabitants than any other in Dauphin County. Clark's Creek flows through the centre of the entire township westward. Third or Sharp Mountain forms its southern, while Peter's Mountain its northern boundary. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. On the 23d of August, 1828, an order was issued by the Court of Quarter Sessions to three commissioners to view and report upon the propriety of dividing the township of Halifax according to the prayer of in- habitants of the east end of said township, asking for a division, and that the new township might be called Jackson, previously presented to said court. The commissioners reported that in their opinions a division of said township was necessary and proper, and that they- had run and marked a division line as follows, to wit : " Beginning at a chestnut-oak on the top of Peter's Mountain, in Winn's Gap, on the line dividing Hali- fax and Middle Paxtang townships ; thence across Powell's and Armstrong's Valleys, north 3J degrees west 6 miles and 280 perches to a hickory on the line between Upper Paxtang and Halifax townships, on Berry's Mountain, at a small curve in said mountain about three-quarters of a mile west of Woodside's Gap." This report was confirmed by the court at Novem- ber sessions, 1828. (See Eoad Docket A, page 37.) It was thus named for the then President of the United States, Gen. Andrew Jackson, and as thus es- tablished was diminished by the erection of Jefferson in 1842. The early settlers in the township were the Hoffmans, Enders, Fishers, Millers, Snyders, Fetter- hoffs, Werts, Shotts, and others, many of whose de- scendants remain in the locality. Armstrong's Creek rises in this township, and flowing southwest, empties into the Susquehanna above Halifax. FiSHEKViLLE was laid out in 1854 by Adam Fisher, now deceased, then an extensive landholder. It is now a flourishing little village, containing a neat frame school building, stores, etc. The Methodist Episcopal Church edifice was erected in 1859, and is supplied by the Halifax Circuit. Of the United Brethren congregation, Rev. Jacob Funk is pastor, those formerly being the same as at Jacob's Church in Wayne township, and St. John's in Mifflin town- ship. The Evangelical Lutheran Church was erected many years ago. It is a one-story brick building. , Jacksonville was laid out about 1825 by George Enders and Joseph P. Lyter, most of the houses being on the lots owned by the former. It was named in honor of Ex-President Jackson. Joseph Bowman built the first house. William Enders had the first store. The first blacksmith was Joseph P. Lyter; the first physician was Dr. McGuire. The post-office was established under President Pierce's administra- tion in 1854. The present postmaster is J. F. Helt, and the first one was William Enders, after whom the office was called " Enders Post-Office.'' There are two churches, the Lutheran and Reformed (Star of Bethlehem), a neat frame edifice erected in 1875, and the United Brethren built in 1873. Rev. Isaac Er- hart is pastor of the former, and Rev. Jacob Funk of the latter. East and northeast of Jacksonville are the follow- ing churches : Steam's, Miller's (Reformed, of which Rev. A. S. Stauffer is pastor), and the United Breth- ren, at Deitrich's. JErPEIiSON TOWNSHIP. In the year 1842 inhabitants of Jackson township petitioned the Court of Quarter Sessions, asking for a division of .said township; whereupon the said court, on the 23d April, 1842, issued an order to three commissioners to inquire into the propriety of granting the said prayer, who made report that they 436 considered a division of the said township neces- sary, and had run a dividing line as follows, to wit: " Beginning at a white-oak on the summit of the dividing ridge, at the Halifax township line, and between the farms of Abraham Kinports and Lewis Gulp ; thence north 66 degrees east 250 perches to a REED TOWNSHIP. 437 post; thence north 42 degrees east 50 perches to a post; thence north 66 degrees east 340 perches to a post ; thence north 71 degrees east 160 perches to a post; thence north 66 degrees east 80 perches to a post ; thence north 69 degrees east 656 perches to a post; thence 18 degrees east 171 perches to a post ; thence north 55 degrees east 28 perches to a post; thence north 39 degrees east 304 perches to a post ; thence along Broad Mountain north 13 degrees east 140 perches to a post ; thence north 7 degrees west 520 perches to a pine in Deitrich's Gap, on the summit of Berry's Mountain, being in length 8 miles and 140 perches." This report was confirmed by the court on the 24th of November, 1842. In the year 1844 the inhabitants of Jackson petitioned the court, complaining of part of the division line as made in 1842, and praying for an alteration. Whereupon the court appointed other commissioners to view and report on the pro- priety of making such alteration. These commis- sioners reported in favor of alteration, and that they agreed upon and run the following line : " Beginning at a pine on lands of John Shoop, Sr., corner of former partition line between said Jackson and Jefferson townships ; thence north 68 degrees east 13i miles to the Schuylkill County line." This report was confirmed by the court Nov. 23, 1844. The township was named for President Jef- ferson, and as thus established continued until 1879, when the western portion was erected into a separate township and called Wayne. The early settlers in the township were the BuflBngtons, Bordners, Etz- weilers, Hoffmans, Shoops, Pauls, Millers, Werts, Eunks, Wolfaugs, Enders, Deitrichs, Trawitzs, Lehrs, Hawks, and others of German descent, nearly all of whom have representatives in the valley. The sur- face of the township is irregular and abrupt, but con- tains a number of fine productive farms. Powell's Creek rises in the township, flows westward, empty- ing into the Susquehanna above Clark's Station. There are several old churches in the township. St. James' Reformed Church has a large congrega- tion, of which the Rev. A. S. Stauflfer is pastor. Of St. Jacob's Lutheran Church the present minister is the Rev. Joseph Hilpot, and for his predecessors see St. John's Church, Mifflin township, of which charge this church forms a part. Cabsoitville is the only village in the township, and contains a store, church, post-office, etc. Near the village are the remains of old Shawanese Indian camps and burying-grounds, the location being on one of the Shamokin trails, which passed through the limits of the county. REED TOWNSHIP. Reed Township was erected by the act of Assem- bly of the 6th April, 1849, which directed " That portion of the qualified voters of Penn elec- tion district, Dauphin County, that reside in Middle Paxtang township, shall hereafter vote at the regular place of holding elections for said township, and the balance of the voters of said Penn election district shall hold their election at the new school-house on Duncan's Island, and shall be erected into a separate township and school district, to be called Reed town- ship," etc. The township is bounded on the north and north- east by Halifax township, on the west by Juniata and Susquehanna Rivers, and on the south and southeast by Middle Paxtang township. It includes the large islands on the western side of the river,— Duncan's and Haldeman's. It is named for William Reed, who resided about half-way between Clark's Ferry and Halifax. Previous to being set ofi" as Reed township it was Penn election district, formed of portions of Middle Paxtang and Halifax. When the township was erected, the portion of Middle Paxtang reverted to the original township. The history of this township centres chiefly around the islands at the mouth of the Juniata, well known by the general designation of Duncan's Island. The southern part of the township includes the Susque- hanna portion of Peter's Mountain, and the land is much broken. There are several fine farms on Powell's Creek, while the lands on the large islands in the river are unsurpassed for cultivation. The Wiconisco Canal, connecting with the Pennsylvania Canal at Clark's Ferry, and the Northern Central Railroad edge the river the entire length of the township. Clark's Ferry, at the crossing to the islands and the Juniata (named by the Indians Queenashawakee), was for many years quite a noted place. Being hemmed in by the mountain and river, it has never increased beyond the usual country tavern. 438 HISTOKY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. DUNCAN'S ISLAND. The first we hear of Duncan's Island was in 1733, when at a Provincial Council held at Philadelphia, on the 19th of June, Shikellamy, a chief of the Five Nation Indians, a man of much consequence among the savages, asked through Conrad Weiser, the inter- preter, — " Whether the Proprietor had heard of a letter which he and Saa- soonaD sent to John Harris, to desire him to desist from malting a plan- tation at the mouth of the Choniata, where Harria has huilt a house and commenced clearing fields. " They were told that Harris had only built that house for carrying on his trade ; that his plantation, on which he has houses, barns, etc., at Peixtan, is his place of dwelling, and it is not to be supposed he will remove from thence ; that he has no -warrant or order for making a settlement on Choniata. " Shekallamy said that though Harris may have built a house for the convenience of his trade, yet he ought not to clear fields. To this it was acAwered that Harris had only cleared as much land as would be suffi- cient to raise corn for his horses. Shekallamy said that he had no ill will to John Harris ; it was not his custom to bear ill will ; but he is afraid that the warrioiB of the Six Nations, when they pass that way, may take it ill to see a settlement made on lands which they had always desired to be kept free from any person settling upon. He was told in answer that care should be taken to give the necessary orders in it." John Harris had settled upon the island ; that is, established a trading-post, being a large Indian vil- lage there, but at the request of the authorities, who had granted him previous permission, he removed therefrom. At this period the inhabitants were mostly Shawanese. By what tribe it had previously been inhabited, we know not. It is probable by a band of Susquehannas. Upon the advent of the whites there was a large mound on the island (Dun- can's), upon wliich large trees had grown. During the construction of the Pennsylvania Canal this mound was dug into and found to contain the bones of hundreds of Indian warriors, who had no doubt fallen in battle. The archaeologist of the future was not consulted, and these remains of the aboriginal inhabitants were used as filling-material for one of the shoulders or bastions of the dam. Indian relics have been found all over these islands, and we are of the opinion that the antiquary, to whom we have al- luded, will no doubt be able by research in that local- ity to discover much relating to the primal inhabit- ants. The first notice we have of the Shawanese on these islands is from the journal of the Rev. David Brain- erd in 1745, and which has been reprinted. From a " rough draught" of the islands at the mouth of the Juniata, made by Marcus Hulings in 1762, three are noted. One, now known as Duncan's Island, is marked " Island," and house as " Widow Baskin's." The large island in the Susquehanna known as Haldeman's Island, containing three houses the one to the southern point " Francis Baskin," one- third farther up, on the Susquehanna side, " George Clark," while about the centre that of "Francis Ellis." On the north point is the word "Island." Almost opposite, on the east bank of the Susque- hanna, is "James Reed's" house, while between the centre of the island and the western shore is a small triangular " Island," so marked. On " the point" be- tween the " Susquehannah River" and the "June- adey River," near the bank of the latter stream, is " Hulings' house." Some distance from " the point" is a straight line running from river to river on which is written " this is the way I want my line," while be- yond, on the West Branch of the Susquehanna, nearly opposite " James Reed's" house, is " Mr. Neave's" house. Farther up the river, opposite a small islslnd, is " Francis Ellis's" house. A circuitous line, denom- inated " Mr. Neave's line," crosses the straight line referred to which included " Part of Hulings' Im- provement.'' On the south of the Juniata, below the mouth thereof, is " William Kerl's" house, opposite the point of Duncan's Island " James Baskin's" house, while " Hulings' house" (another improvement) is farther up, in what is named the " Onion Bottom." Beyond this, on the same side of the Juniata, is a house marked " Cornelius Acheson, who had en- croached upon Hulings' Improvement in the Onion Bottom, settled there last spring." Opposite the islands, on the east bank of the Susquehanna, are "Peter's Mountain" and "narroughs." Prior to this the French and Indian war had deso- lated the Juniata Valley, and the islands at the mouth felt the terrible blow. In the spring following Brad- docfc's defeat (1756) the savages had reached the Sus- quehanna, but the few scattered frontiersmen were unequal for the conflict, and were obliged to flee. Some lingered too long, for the wily red man came down suddenly, and the tomahawk and scalping-knife were reeking with the life-blood of the hardy but un- fortunate pioneers. Mr. Hulings on being apprised of the near approach of the savages, hurriedly packed up a few valuables, and placing his wife and youngest child upon a large black horse (the other children having previously been removed to a place of safety) fled to the point of the island, ready to cross over at the first alarm. Forgetting something in the haste, and thinking the Indians might not have arrived, Mr. Hulings ventured to return alone to the housed After carefully recon- noitering he entered, and found, to his surprise, an Indian up-stairs " coolly picking his flint." Stopping some time to parley with the savage, so that he might retreat without being shot at, the delay to his wife seemed unaccountable, and fearing he had been mur- dered, she whipped up her horse and swam the Sus- quehanna. The water was quite high, but nowise daunted, she succeeded in reaching the opposite shore in safety. Mr. Hulings soon appeared, and finding the animal with his wife and child had disappeared, in turn he became alarmed, but a signal from the eastern shore of the stream relieved his anxiety, and he himself, by means of a light canoe, was safe from pursuit. The fugitives succeeded in reaching Fort Hunter, where the Baskins and others of their neigh- REED TOWNSHIP. 439 bora bad congregated, and the inhabitants of Paxtang had rallied for a defense. In the summer following William Baskins, living on Duncan's Island proper, returned from Fort Hun- ter with a portion of his family to cut his grain, and while thus engaged they were suddenly startled by the yell of Indians who were hard by ; however, dis- covering they were neighbors, their alarms were quieted, but, alas ! they were deceived, for the bar- barous savages, as soon as they were near enough, gave them distinctly to understand their object was their scalps. At this moment they all fled in consternation, hotly pursued, towards the house, and when there Mr. Baskins, in the act of getting his gun, was shot dead and scalped ; his wife, a daughter of about seven, and a son three years old were abducted. Mr. Mc- Clean, who was also in the field, plunged into the river and swam the Juniata at what is called " Sheep Island," and concealed himself in a cleft of rocks on the opposite side, and thus eluded the pursuit of the savages and saved his life. Mrs. Baskins eifected her escape from the Indians somewhere near Carlisle; the daughter was taken to the Miami country west of the Ohio, then an unbroken wilderness, where she was detained for more than six years, when, in con- formity with Bouquet's treaty made with the Indians, she was delivered up and returned. She subsequently married John Smith, the father of James Smith, of Newport. The lad who was captured at the same time was taken to Canada, subsequently christened Timothy Murphy, and concerning whose history we have the following account : The first we hear of Murphy was his being one of the chief riflemen of Morgan's celebrated sharp- shooters. At the battle of Bemis' Heights, Morgan selected a few of his best marksmen and directed them to make the British general, Fraser, their espe- cial mark. Several of them fired without eifect, but when Murphy fired Fraser fell. A short time after the battle of Monmouth, three companies of Morgan's corps were sent into Scho- harie, N. Y. Among these was Murphy, and before long the Tories set an extra price on Murphy's scalp, a price that was never paid, although many Indians lost their hair in trying to win the reward. Murphy was a stout, well-made man, with rather a large body and small limbs, handsome in face, with jet-black hair and eyes. Murphy's hairbreadth escapes were many in num- ber. In the nick of time something was certain to turn up to help him out. He had at one time a double-barreled rifle, a weapon unknown to the In- dians in those days. He was chased by a party, and although he could generally outrun them, on this occasion they gained upon him. So he turned and killed one. Then he ran on, and while sheltered from the view of his enemies by a clump of bushes managed to load the empty barrel. As they gained upon him still, he stopped and shot another. The party pursued him without firing, being particularly anxious to roast him before a slow fire or show him some such warm hospitality, which anxiety would not be satisfied if they shot him dead. They were sure of taking him, and he felt that his luck had deserted him at last. Utterly exhausted he treed, and as they advanced killed another redskin. To his astonish- ment the party immediately fled. Murphy afterwards ascertained that, seeing him fire three times without seeing him load once, they imagined he had a great medicine of a gun that would shoot forever. At the war's end Murphy became a farmer. It was characteristic of this man to live for others, and he died from a disease contracted in saving the children of a neighbor from a winter's flood. When peace was declared and our independence acknowledged, many of the Schoharie Indians had the assurance to return and settle again among a people whose houses and barns they had burned, and whose friends and relatives they had killed. There was one Indian named Seths Henry, who had killed more Schoharie people than any other man. He would sometimes leave a war club upon the dead body of a victim, with a horrid row of notches thereon, each notch indicating a scalp taken. An energetic savage, he once led a party from Fort Niagara in the winter to capture certain Schoharie patriots, and he succeeded, traveling six hundred miles through the snow to do so. He, too, had the audacity to come back, but he was much upon his guard. One day he started from one house to another. Timothy Murphy was observed to go in the same direction shortly after- wards, and it is a curious coincidence that, as far as can be ascertained, Seths Henry never reached any place in this world. After this there began to be mysterious disappear- ances of Tories and Indians, and was to be noted that coincident with a disappearance would be a bush-heap fire in the vicinity in which the missing person was last seen. It is to be supposed that calcined human bones might have been found in the ashes of these bush-fires. The remaining renegades and savages took the hint and departed that land before they de- parted this life, so the country was cleared of the vermin. Timothy Murphy was a capital stump-speaker, and was a political power in Schoharie County. He brought William C. Bouck into public life, which brought him into the gubernatorial chair of the Em- pire State. He died in 1818, at the age of seventy years. As to the widow of William Baskins, the first settler on Duncan's Island, she married her neighbor, Francis Ellis. Ellis established a ferry across the Susquehanna during the Revolution, which he carried on many years. As previously mentioned, Duncan's Island was noted in early times, and really until the construc- tion of the great Pennsylvania Railroad, as an impor- 440 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. tant point on the line of travel northward and up the Juniata. In 1819 strenuous eiforts were made by interested parties to annex Duncan's Island to Cumberland County. Upon the formation of Perry County in 1824, no doubt the opportunity would have been afforded the secessionists to be included in the new county, but that did not please them, and hence they remain loyal to the county of Dauphin, to which they are allied by many interests. In the latter part of the eighteenth century, and until the march of internal improvements which has needlessly destroyed our fisheries, the islands at the mouth of the Juniata were noted for their catch of shad, and these rights were in themselves considered of great value there as elsewhere on the Susquehanna and its branches. At the commencement of the present century Dun- can's Island proper was named Isle Benvenue, but why so designated, instead of Juniata Island, we have not learned. Duncan's Island is about two miles in length, although quite narrow, at the eastern end of which is the village and post-oflSce of Benve- nue. Haldeman's Island (so named for the owner) lies to the north, and separated from the former by a narrow channel. Unlike Duncan's Island, it is not of alluvial origin, but is elevated far above the neigh- boring flat-lands. The farm-house on it commands a magnificent landscape, comprising many of the won- ders both of nature and art. The river here is nearly a mile in width, and is crossed by a wooden bridge. A dam across the river, just below the bridge, creates a pool, upon which canal-boats cross by means of a double towing-path attached to the bridge. The canal continues up Duncan's Island, diverging at its upper end into the Juniata and Susquehanna divis- ions. The Juniata division then crosses the Juniata River on a splendid aqueduct with wooden super- structure, and continues up the right bank. There is also a fine bridge across the mouth of the Juniata. WAYNE TOW:tTSIIIP. This was the last created township in the county, and the first erected under the Constitution of 1874, which directed that in case a division of a township is desired, the whole question must be submitted to the popular vote of legal voters within the township. There were in favor of a division of the township of Jackson one hundred and seventeen, and sixty-six against a division. At the court in May, 1878, his Honor Judge. Pearson issued the following decree : " It appearing to the court by the vote taken and the return of the election ordered and held for the purpose of determining the question of a division of Jefferson township, and the return of said election showing that a majority of the votes taken are in favor of the division of said Jefferson township as reported by the commissioners for that purpose, the court tlierefore order and decree that said township be, and the same is hereby divided according to the report of the commissioners and the lines marked out and returned by them, and the draft attached to and made a part of said report ; and that the east end of said town- ship division shall continue to be named Jefferson, and the west end of said division shall be a new township, to be named Wayne, and shall by that name be known for all corporate purposes ; that the elections of said township of Wayne shall hereafter be held at the school-house, No. 2 (named Sawyer's), in said township ; and the elections for the said town- ship of Jefferson shall be held at the school-house in Carsonville, in said township; and the courts appoint Simon Smith judge, and Henry BufBngton and George W. Bowman inspectors for the said Jefferson until the next election for said officers: and the court appoint for the town- ship of Wayne John P. Sweigert as judge, and George Becker and James Lebo inspectors until the next election for said officers. " By the court. " John J. Pearson, PreHdent Judge.^^ The commissioners appointed to divide Jefferson township reported as follows : " Beginning at a pine-stump on land of Jacob Miller (formerly John Shoop), and on the line between Jackson and Jefferson townships; thence by laud of said Jacob Miller south nine and a quarter degrees east forty-four perches to a pine-tree at forks of public roads ; thence south thirty-eight degrees through woodland of Samnel Shoop and others east one hundred and twenty perches to a stone corner of lands of Christian Hoffman and John Werner ; thence south twenty and a half degrees east through lands of Christian Hoffman fifty-four perches ; thence by the same bearing on what is termed the Old Bull or Sawyer line six hundred and ninoty-four perches to a chestnnt^oak-tree on the summit of Peter's Mountain line between Bush and Jefferson town- ships ; and that they consider the division of said township necessary for tho convenience of the inhabitants as regards assessments, roads, elections, schools, etc. " John K. McGanh. "Geoeqe W. Enders. " William H. Fitting." The early settlers were the Buffingtons, Hoffmans, Lebos, Gross, Swigards, Millers, Sheets, Sheesleys, Breslers, Enterlines, Lenkers, Bowermans, Lehrs, Enders, Etsweilers, Engles, Lautzs, Shoops, Zimmer- mans, Wises, Sponslers, Hoovers, Pauls, and Potti- gers. Enterline Post-Office is in the centre of the township. In 1855, Jonathan Enterline opened a store here, .and kept the same for fifteen years. He was the first postmaster, the office being named in his honor. The present store is kept by Abraham For- tenbaugh, and the postmaster is Amos Sponsler. The Reformed Church here was erected about 1830, of which the present pastor is Rev. A. S. Stauffer. Jacobs' United Brethren Church is a one- story frame building located in the western part of UPPEE PAXTANG TOWNSHIP. 441 the township, built in 1861. Its pastors have been Revs. George Hoffman, Amos Yeager, Israel Car- penter, Kunkle, Loose, Donter, and Jacob Funk, the present incumbent. Hoffman Chuech. — This church edifice, just east of Eaterline post-oflfice, is no longer used for worship. Attached to it is an old graveyard, but with few tomb- stones standing. UPPER paxta:n"g township At a Court of Quarter Sessions held at Lancaster in August, 1767, a petition was presented from in- habitants of Lower Paxtang township, stating that " some time ago Upper Paxtang above the Narrows was a separate township from Lower Paxtang, and had their annual officers. James Murray and Wil- liam Clark served as constables in said Paxtang above the Narrows, and they had their own inspec- tors, etc., and learning that the inhabitants of Upper Paxtang above the Narrows had petitioned the court for a road from the Narrows to James Reed's, and obtained an order for a view of the same as in Lower Paxtang, which alarmed the petitioner's, and they therefore prayed the court to grant them relief by confirming a division line of said townships." Where- upon the court ordered that the partition line " be- tween Upper and Lower Paxtang be made from the mouth of Fishing Creek, where it empties into Sus- quehanna, and from thence along the top of Kitta- tenia Mountain, next -to Lower Paxtang, to Beaver Creek." There does not appear to be any record of the court previous to the date of the above establishing or in any way recognizing the existence of Upper Paxtang township. The minutes of the Court of Quarter Sessions, which usually exhibit the townships and the names of the constables for each at the com- mencement of each session, does not notice either the name of Upper Paxtang township or any con- stable as from such township until after the date of the order of 1767 ; that order is the only record found creating this township at all, and as it has in that order no northern limit assigned, it may be taken that from August, 1767, Upper Paxtang embraced at least all the territory subsequently assigned to Dau- phin County, from the lower mountain to the Mahan- tango Creek, subject, however, to a debatable question whether Hanover township extended northward by the second mountain, a question which is noticed more at large under the head " East and West Han- over." The first assessment-list of Upper Paxtang is that for the Wiconisco District in 1778. It is the earliest record we have of the inhabitants of Lykens Valley, as separate from Upper Paxtang. The paper is in- dorsed " Appeal Doblicate, 1778, Peter Hoffman, Upper Paxtang, Wikiniski District," and the orthog- raphy of the surnames given as in the original. It will be seen by the large number of "Located Lands" that much of the valley bad been taken up by out- side parties for speculation or as investments. Aaron Levy, Michael Miller, John Cline, and Henry Wails, from the amount of taxes assessed, seem to have been very large landowners. The latter portion of the list refers to the age of persons who were not liable to military duty : TJPPEK PAXTANG, WICONISCO DISTRICT, CONTIN TAX. EufBngton, Benj. Nigla, George. Bratz, Ludwick. Peter, Richard. Conaway, Francis. Paul, John. Con, Daniel. Regel, Andrew. Cline, Widow. Either, William. Divler, Michael. Ridle, George. Divler, Mathiaa. Seal, George. Fritz, George. Stiver, Yost. Frelick, Anthony. Snoak, Christian. Saladay, Michael. Huffman, Peter. Salady, John. Huffman, Haniole. Stonebreaker, Nitter Huffman, John. Shesley, Stophel. Huffman, Jacob. Shotz, Jacob. Herman, David. Shesley, John. Hains, Henry. Shesley, Jacob. Jury, Abraham. Smith, Jacob. King, Adam. Snider, Leonard. Kooper, George. Shotz, Ludwick. Lerue, Francis. Sheadel, George. Lark, Stopher. Walker, Robert. Leman, Daniel. Woodside, James. Meek, Nicholas. Weaver, Martin. Metz, Jacob. Wolf, Daniel. Miller, John. Worz, Adam. Matter, John. Weaver, Jacob. Myers, John. Wersel, Henry. Nighhour, Abraham. Teager, Andrew. Freemen. Jonathan Woodsidea. Adam Nartz. Samuel Kessler. John Herman. John Philips. Godlep Kline. Located Lands. Aaron Levy. Lauman. Bartrem Galbraith. Michael Miller. Lattis Winger. .Jacob Whitmore. Isaac Heeler. Caleb Way. Simon Snyder. William Poore. Daniel Williams. George Fry. Felty Overlady. Abraham Reggy. 442 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. John Clinc. JnmeB Beeham. Stephen Martin. Andrew Bogge. KeT. Anderline. Nicholas Miller. Patrick "Work. John Shock. George Muckland. Philip Debause. Martin Cryder. Arthur Niger. Christian Snyder. Kichard Peter. Peter HufTmiin. John Coulman. William Kider. Jacob "Weaver. Michael Groacolp. Simon Brand. Fredericks Height. Henry Waila. Samuel Sleight. George Harris. Levy Simeons. Doctor Leight. John Clandining. Teeker. George Ferree. John Didde. Above 53 years. Chrisley Snoak. Jacob Shot. George Nigley. Philip Glinger. John Gilman. Located Ummproved Latadt. Upper Paxtang remained entire until after the formation of the county of Dauphin, when it was di- vision following division, until all now left of the original township is what we find in the extreme northwest corner of the county. The full return for 1780 is herewith given, that comprising the " Upper District" included all that section north of Berry's Mountain, the " Lower District" that portion lying south of Berry's Mountain and north of the First Mountain, In the Upper District there is no return for a mill, and but one still, and that owned by Capt. Weaver. In the Lower District, Marcus Hulings and Joseph Lytle had each a ferry, while Christian He- tick is returned for a boat; David Ireland has one negro. UPPER PAXTANG. upper District Acres. Bozard, John 30 Buffington, Benj 100 Bretz, Ludwig 50 Bend, Stephen 100 Barger, Charles 50 Conway, Francis Cline, Wido 300 Cooper, Adam 50 dinger, Philip '. 200 Cole, John ISO Develer, Michi 5Q Develer, Mathias 50 Dido, John 150 Debendurf, Rev* Free, Joel 200 Frelick, Anthony 50 Feight, Geo 50 Grub's Land 200 Harmon, John Hufman, Peter » 200 Hufman, Nicholas 40 Hufman, Jno 100 Harmon, Jacob 20 Harmon, David 100 Haynea, Henry 50 Hakert, Peter Inrey, Abram 300 Inrey,Sam* Ingrim,Wi' 30 King, Adam 100 Lark, Stophel 150 liioman, Dan^. 400 M'^Clain, James Metz, Jacob 50 Miller, Jno 40 Motter,John 100 Myers, Jn" Miiiich, George 30 Meeck, Nicholas 200 IMichael, Mich' Neibour, Abram 150 Acres. George Frey - 100 James. Bigham « ."•- iOO Nicholas Millar 200 Do 100 Heny Winower 100 Abram Eegey 200 And" Boggs 300 Stephen Martin - Craford'a Land 100 Peter Isk v ^^^ Abram Kegle Jno Shough 100 Isaac Kellar 250 Do 150 Tetrich Stonebreaker 100 Martiu Lowman 200 Thomas Carmcbael 150 Geo. Eckert 150 Simon Sneider 200 Landis Winger 700 Arthur Tagerts 400 Patk Work 200 Caleb Way 400 FredkShich 150 Sneider Grove 600 Aaron Levy 1000 Bartrim Galbreath' 300 Dani Williams 3000 DhuI Miller Felty Overlady 300 Jacob Wetraer 200 "W™ Poor 100 Anthony Wertz. Jonathan Woodsides. Jno Phillips. W™ Armecot. Zachariah Shoningberg. Return, 1780. Acres. Negley, Geo 80 Omholtz, Henry 30 Phillips, Joseph 50 Peter, Richard 50 Powel, Jn" 50 Rider, Win lao Rider, Jno 100 Ridle, Geo 50 Rouaculp, Philip 100 Rush, David M" Anderlin Shoop, Geo 50 Stiver, Yosts 50 Stiver, Dan^ Salady, Michael 75 Stonebreaker, Detrich 50 Stonebreaker, Detrich, Jun"^ ... ... Shadle, Michael.... Shirley, Stophel 50 Seal George Shirley, John 50 Shirley, Jacob 50 Sneider, Leonard 150 Smith, Jacob 200 Shot, Jacob 60 Saladay, John 30 Sneider, Abram 100 Snoke, Chrisn 100 Shot, Ludwig, Sen^* 1 Shot, Ludwig 100 Shot, Michael Woodsides, James 100 Weaver, Capt 50 Wolf, Henry 30 "Weaver, Jacob 50 Wentz, Adam 100 Werfel, Honry 50 Welfrey, Henry Well, P. John Yeager, And* .■ 100 Acres. Geo. Frey... - 200 Jn» Olina «— 1500 JooMoLand »..- 100 Philip Dehftss ^. «... 200 Martin Greider 300 Michael Grosaculp. 100 Simou Brand .- fiO Fredt Weight. 300 Henry Wails. 800 Sami Sleigh — 100 Levy Simons 100 Doctor Ledigh 150 Jq" Clendenning 200 Geo. Trice 100 Geo. Hake, Esq .-. 200 Blachfir's Land , 200 Dani Wolf. 100 Simon Sneider...'. 200 Dani Moor. 100 George Shadle 50 Christ Sneyder 150 Philip Qeel 100 Michael Walker. :.. 300 Henry Merhler 200 Jacob Shaver 100 Jno Hackert 100 Jacob Covel 50 And^Regla 100 Chris" CofFman Geo. Red seeker Smith, Jacob Philip dinger. Jno Wert. Leo. Coffman. Andrew Spangler. Henry Gist. Lower District Retvm, 1780. Acres. Armstrong, Rob* 300 Armstrong, Rob'., J' 100 Ayrs, W™ 100 Alison, Richard...' 100 Bell, George Brown, Peter BeU, William 60 Bell, Jno., Senf 30 Brown, Joseph 200 Bell, John, Jun' 100 BroWn, Jno 100 Bell, Wido Birney, James 30 Blue, John Brough, Felty 50 Baskin, Widow, 30 Boan, W°> Buckhauon, James 100 Bell, James 100 Bundle, Jno Black, Thomas Black, James 200 Black, Dan^ 50 Boyd, Rob* 100 Beard, ThomB 100 Boyd, Rob* 100 Boan, Thomas Cochran, Geo Clark, Geo 50 Chambers, Jno 100 Carbet, Peter 50 Camble, W™ 100 Clark, Wm 1 Cochran, Sami 100 Colgon, Jos Clark, James 100 Cline, Cutlip Cascadon, James ... Colegon, Juo Dougherty, Henry Duncan, Jno 265 Dice, Jno 60 Doughlass, Alex' 200 Eyeman, Jacob 40 Elder, Jno 150 Ekert, Adam 400 Forster, Stephen 100 Forster, W" « 100 Forster, James , 100 Fulks, W"! 145 Frey, Conrad 15 Fulton, Alexr Finley, John Garber, Jno 60 Galligher, Thomas 100 Gartner, Adam 50 Acrei. Garber, Michi 100 Gilmore, Jno 20 George, Alex^^ Givena, Alex*^ 10 Gownow, W"* Goudy, Robert Huling, Marcus Smith Hatfield, Jno- 40 Harmon, Michi 100 Hoane, Anthony 100 Holms, Geo Hu]ing, Marcus 1 Hetick, Chris" HimpBon, Wn» Joans, Isaac 50 Joans, Isaiah 50 Irland,David 200 Johnston, W"». Cap' 100 Kellar, Jos » 60 Kisler.Wo 60 Kinter, Jno Kearng, Thomas 60 Keunaday, W™ 50 Kays, John Ke8ler,DaiiU Leonard, James 10 Little, Jos 150 Lockert, Inopis * Laferty, Patrick 200 Leek, Henry 50 Meek, Mathias McCluskey, Henry 10 Mooney, Abram 30 MoGill, Rob* MoElhar, Patrick Mutch, Jno 100 MoClenahan, Ja" McCord, Rob* 130 MoCaul, James 60 Murray, James 150 Murdock, Jno » MoElrath, Jos 50 Murray, Archibald 100 Mishor, Wido 20 MoComb, Wm Murray, John 200 MoNamara, James 60 Montgomery, Colo' MoMillon, Jno MoFadding, Jno MoCleyre, Patrick Newpecker, Martin Nickleson, Thomas Oram, Thomas 100 Ock, Sami ; , Plough, Sami 90 UPPER PAXTANG TOWNSHIP. 443 Acres. Powel, Malachi 30 Pecker, Auron 150. Peacocb, James Bichmond, Jn» 20 BiDzling, Jn" Kyan, Jn» 50 Suffron, Patrick Smith, W-n Straw, Jos. & Geo 300 Smith, Hob' 50 Strieker, Jacob 100 Shelman, Ludwlg 100 Sturgeon, Thomas 150 Shorts, Leonard Swagerty, Peter 100 Stiver, Michael 30 Simpson, Jno 15 Stevenson, Jn" Acres. Spore, Alex' 50 Simomi, George Stone, James Swineford, Albright Taylor, John 100 Taylor, Sam' 120 Taylor, Geo 100 Tindurf, Jacob 100 Thomas, Jno 1 Thompson, Wi^..... Thompson, Tho" 100 Venderback, Henry Weeks, Jessey Walker, Rob' 50 ■Watt, James 100 Winn, Josiah : Tanslet, Michael 100 Located Unimproved Tracts. Acres. Jacob Kizet 100 Peter Landis 100 Kubin Hains 600 " " 600 Jll» Oline 250 James Tilman 600 Jn». Lida 120 Geo. Fry 200 Jn". Cline 300 Isaiah Jones 600 Bull's Land 300 Peter Pilley 120 Alex'. Bartrim 400 Timothy Matlat 4000 John Flora 150 Jn». Muma 150 Jn». Harshal 200 Bartrim Galbreath 600 Kob«. Neal 60 Acres. M'Clure's Land 100 Dennis Dougherty 150 Jn». Metch 100 Joseph Little 160 Widow Duncan 200 Widow .Scott 250 Fred'. Humble 100 Jacob Wagoner 60 Golo°. Marstaller Alex'. Porter James M^Caul M«Grahan & M'Keo Chris". Hetick 600 Peter Sturgeon W". Shields Edward Waters Geo. Cooper Christ". Hetick Do Freemen. Juo. Swagerty. Jno. Goldenberry. George Simers. Harmon Leek. Conrad Leek. Peter Sturgeon. Philip Newpecker. Philip Tindurf. Jno. Ayers. Jatnes Spear. Henry Taylor. James Diveny. Jno. Cochron. Bichard Waid. Sam. Orom. And". Fouler. Jno. Landis. Alex'. Taylor. Jno. Bell. Elijah Chambers. The township officers from 1769 to 1786 were : 1769. Coneiable. — John Cochran. Overseers of Poor. — Thomas Sturgeon, James Murray. Overseer of Boads.—WiWiam Clark. 1770. Constable. — John Bell. Overseers of Poor. — John Cochran, John Mutch. Overseers of Boads. — Bobert Armstrong, John Black.^ 1771. Constable.— John Murray. Overseers of Poor. — Samuel Cochran, John Taylor. Overseers of Boads. — Peter Corbit, John Oolligan. 1772. Constable. — John Muri'ay. Overseers 0/ Poor.— Patrick Suffsrin, Samuel Taylor. Overseers of iJoaife.— Marquis Hulins, John Bell, Jr. 1773. Constable.— Job.s Murray. Overseers of Pom-.— Bobert Armstrong, William Foulk. Overseers of Boads. — John Cochran, James Buchanan. 1774. Constable.— John Gillmore. Overseers o/ Poor.- Thomas Forster, Ludwiok Shots. Oocrseereo/ Boads.— Alexander Bandies, James Woodside. 1776. Constable.— Josefh Little. Overseers of Poor.— John MoMuUan, John Eeed. Overseers of Boads.— Uobeit Armstrong, Sr., Samuel Cochran. 1776. Omsteiife.- William Cline. Overseers 0/ Poor.— Ludwick Shutz, Sr., James Forster. Overseers 0/ floods.— John Mutch, John CoUigan. 1777. Oiista6!e.— Henry Ginder. 1778. GmsloHe.— Malachia Powell. Overseers of Poor. — James Buchanan, John Tice. Overseers of Boads. — John Taylor, Joseph Little. 1779. Constable. — Benjamin Buflngton. Overseers 0/ Poor.— William Airs, Abraham Jury. Overseers of Boads.— John Bell, Jacob Scifley. 1780. CbiMtotfe.- Stophel Shcsley. Overseers of Poor. — Peter Hoofman, Thomas Oram. Overseers of Boads. — Stophel Lark, Malachia Powell. 1781. Constable. — Bobert Armstrong. Overseers of Poor. — James McCall, George Migla. Overseers of Boads. — William Ayres, Joseph Little. 1782. Cbn«te!ife.— John Mutch. 1783. Onsfei6te.— John Mutch. Overseers of Poor. — William Clark, Abraham Neighbour. Overseers of Boads. — John Murray, Adam Wentz. 1784. Constable. — Abraham Jury. Overseer of Poor. — -Patrick Laferty. Overseer of Boads. — William Foster (Lower District). The township of Upper Paxtang, as now existing, is bounded on the north by the Northumberland County line, on the east by Mifflin and Washington townships, on the south by Halifax and Jackson townships, and on the west by the Susquehanna River. Killingee's Post-Office. — This point is situ- ated on the road from Millersburg to Berrysburg, three miles from the former place and seven from the latter. Near by is the Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church, an elegant two story-brick edifice erected in 1872.. This church is supplied by the Millersburg pastors. David's Reformed Church edifice, a two-story brick structure, was built in 1866, and is only a few yards from Salem Lutheran Church. The congrega- tion of David's was formed prior to 1774, as baptisms are found recorded as early as June 8th of that year. Rev. Samuel Dubenborn was the pastor, and labored from 1779 to 1789. After 1795 he returned and re- mained a while. On March 7, 1775, these two congre- gations — Lutheran and Reformed — had' one hundred and sixty-one acres of land surveyed for them jointly, called " Good Intent," and received a deed therefor Sept. 22, 1804. According to an agreement between them, dated March 30, 1792, they made a division in 1808. In 1794 the old log church was built, and on Feb. 27, 1797, a contract was made with some one to finish it for one hundred and eight pounds. The build- ing committee on the part of the Reformed congrega- tion were Abraham Nachbar [Neighbour], Jacob Meek, George Neagley, and Valentine Weker. It stood at the lower end of the cemetery, and was a two-story log house, weatherboarded, plastered, and with galleries on three sides. The pulpit was ascended by stairs and surmounted by a sounding-board. It is not known whether it had regular pastors or not, but occasional preaching was had by Revs. William Hendel, of Tulpehocken, Geistweit, Anthony Hautz, of Lebanon, and Philip Gloninger, of Harrisburg. During the Revolutionary war, when Rev. William Hendel came, he was escorted by members of the con- gregation with muskets to protect him and them from the prowling Indians, and during the services guards stood with guns in hand near the church to protect the worshipers from skulking savages. Rev. Hendel had a catechism class of eighty-five, many of whom came ten or fifteen miles to attend class or service. 444 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Eev. James Reily was pastor from 1812 to 1819, and during his time the parsonage was built opposite the church (where the farm-house now is). Rev. Isaac Gerhart was pastor from 1819 to 1844. His successors have been : 1844^56, J. A. Ellis ; 1856, Richard A. Fisher; 1857-65, Ephraim Kiefifer; 1865-68, F. J. Moore; 1868-75, J. W. Lescher; 1875 to present time, J. B. Kersohner. The old church edifice was torn down in 1865, and the corner-stone of the present structure laid Sept. 9, 1866. The basement was dedicated Dec. 8, 1868, and the main audience-room May 24, 1868. Hoovee's Church. — This church edifice, lying in the southeast part of Upper Paxtang township, near the Mifflin township line, is a joint church of the Lu- theran and Reformed Churches. The Evangelical Lutheran congregation (called "Zion's") is supplied by the pastors of St. John's Church, near Berrysburg, and the Reformed congregation ("Zion's") by the Millersburg pastors of that denomination. In 1842, Andrew Keefer, Sr., donated one-fourth acre of land upon which to build a chujrch edifice. The corner- stone was laid in 1843, and a neat structure built thereon. The Evangelical Association Church, at Riegel's, a handsome frame edifice, is in the ex- treme eastern part of Upper Paxtang township, and only a few yards from the Mifflin township line. It is supplied with preaching by the pastor of the Ber- rysburg church. Paxton Post-Oppice is the name of a village in the northwestern corner of the township, at the mouth of the Mahantango Creek. It contains a population less than one hundred. MILLERSBURG BOROUGH. MlLLERSBUEG BOEOUGH ia situated on the Sus- quehanna River, at the confluence of the Wiconisco Creek, twenty-three miles north of Harrisburg, on the Northern Central and Lykens Valley Railroads. The place was settled some years prior to the time it was laid out. It derived its name from Daniel Miller and John Miller, who emigrated from Lan- caster County about 1790. They took up some four hundred acres of land and began a settlement. It was laid out by Daniel Miller into town lots in July, 1807, and incorporated into a borough April 8, 1850, from which time its progress has been rapid. Daniel Miller's first wife, Elizabeth, died in 1813, and he married for the second time Mary Wingert, July 8, 1817. They both died in October, 1828, leaving one child, Mary, who was born Nov. 25, 1820, married George W. Bowers, Feb. 11, 1838, and is still living in the town. Daniel Miller, who was born in 1750, had two children by his first wife, who removed at an early day to Ohio. The first settlers in this region, known as " Lykens Valley,'' were French Huguenots and Germans. Francis Jacques or " Jacobs," commonly known as " French Jacob," Larue or La Roy, Shora, Sandoe, the Kleims, Werts, Steevers, Shutts, Ferrees, Millers, Andrew Lycan, and John Rewalt are found among the earliest names of white men who settled in this section.. About the time John and Daniel Miller settled here "French Jacob" built his grist-mill on the north bank of the Wiconisco Creek, just above the foot of Race Street, and near to which, some time before, he had built his log cabin, then considered quite a pre- tentious structure, large and strongly put together, and well provided with loop-holes, — a kind of fort to which the settlers might fly for safety in cases of attack from the Indians. Here was taught the first school, kept by Daniel Miller, the proprietor of the town. Neither cabin or mill are longer to be seen. Domestic trouble had caused at an early date the owner (Jacobs) to remove forever from the spot. The property was at times unused and unoccupied. It fell under the ban of superstition, several of the set- tlers haying seen about it divers strange and un- earthly appearances, " shapes dire, dismal, and hor- rid." Time and the spoliations of man have done their work, and the almost obliterated channel of the old head-race alone is seen to mark the spot where once was the forest-home of the old French Huguenot. Upon a part of this land Daniel Miller, the then sole proprietor, through Peter Williamson, his surveyor, laid out the town-lots in July, 1807. These lots sold very readily, being selected by lottery, and soon the place assumed the importance of a rap- idly-growing and prosperous town. The town is regularly laid out, with spacious streets crossing each other at right angles, and practical alleyways giving passage to the rear of every building. The Susque- hanna River at this point is a mile in width, stretch- ing away in lake-like form some three miles, from Berry's Mountain in the south to the Mahantango Mountain in the north, at which points, forcing its way through these mountains much diminished in its MILLERSBURG BOROUGH. 445 bed, it hurriedly tumbles over rocks and pebbles of the passage, winding quickly out of sight. The first school was taught in a log cabin or fort by Daniel Miller, the founder of the town, and he was succeeded by a Mrs. Miller. This fort was built about 1794, on the banks of the Wiconisco Creek, as a place of safety from the surrounding Indians. The next house was built about 1812 or 1813, on Union Street, and was taught by an educated German. This house was superseded by a poorly-constructed brick building, and that by a frame structure on the site where now stands the large and substantial build- ing on Middle Street, which continued in use until the citizens refused to send their children. In 1833 a select school was taught by Mrs. Susan Barringer, a lady of considerable culture, who established a good educational sentiment, and was succeeded by Samuel McGaw, a man of scholastic abilities. About 1844 or 1845 the free-school system was adopted, after being defeated twice, as the town and township were at that time one school district. The opposition from the township was very great, but persistent perse- verance overcame all the opposing forces. The most active school men in the early history of the town were Jacob Seal, Dr. Robert Auchmuty, David Link Simon Wert, Adam Light, John Ebery, Benjamin Musser, and Matthias Freck. The town has now two first-class school buildings and five graded schools. Its high school compares favorably with any in the county. In 1846 there were in Millersburg about eighty dwellings, two stores, one mill, and three churches. In 1850 it had five hundred population, which it doubled in 1860 and trebled in 1880. The officers of the borough since its incorporation in 1850 have been : I860. Simon Wert. 1852. J. J. Bowman. 185a. Jacob Seal. 1855. Jacob Kathvon. 1857. George M. Brubaker. 1858. J. L. Bomgardner. 1859. 0. Penrose. 1862. George Slate. 1864. B. G. Steevei-. BUEGESSBS. 1865. Simon Wert. 1867. A. Douden. 1870. Simon Wert. 1872. J. S. MuBser. 1874. H. Franli. 1876. John S. Mueser. 1879. B. G. Steever. 1880. J. L. Freck. 1850. David Brlndle. 1851. B. G. Steever. 1853. Jesse Auchmuty. 1857. George Yeager. 1868. William A. Jodon. 1860. B. Bowman. 1862. N.Bowman. TOWN CLEKKS. 1863. C. C. Freck. 1864. S. S. Bowman. 1867. Benjamin Bowman. 1868. H. H. Mosser. 1871. B. W. Steever. 1878. Jesse Auchmuty. 1880. William M. Hartman. The Milleesbueg Liteeaey Society was organ- ized in 1876, and is in successful operation, being patronized and actively participated in by many of the best and most prominent men of the town. Trinity Eefoemed Chuech. — About the year 1833 several members of the Eeformed faith pur- chased a frame building on Middle Street and fitted it up for church services. Here Eev. Isaac Gerhart preached occasionally. The building was never dedi- cated, and no regular pastors were called. In 1856 the Reformed and Lutheran congregations jointly erected the brick church on Middle Street. The cor- ner-stone was laid in June, and the building dedicated on the 30th of November following. The first con- sistory was elected April 25, 1857. Rev. Ephraim Kieffer was the first pastor, and the present incum- bent is Rev. J. B. Kerschner ; for the others see David's Church, which with Zion's at Hoover's and this make one charge. In 1874 this congregation bought out the interest of the Lutherans. St. Paul's Lutheean Chuech. — About the year 1830 the Rev. J. N. Hemping preached occasionally to the Lutherans here in the old school-house in the German language. In 1832, Rev. S. D. Finckels, of Middletown, came here every four weeks and preached in both English and German. In 1842, Rev. W. G. Laitzell, one of the seven founders of the East Penn- sylvania Synod, who had been called to his first charge in Armstrong's Valley, crossed Berry's Mountain and preached here and at Salem (Killinger's). From 1846, Rev. C. F. Stower, of Berrysburg charge, preached here for four years as often as convenient, and in 1852, Rev. Jacob Martin, of same charge, came occasion- ally. In November, 1853, Rev. D. Sell, of same charge, began holding services, and after one year's labors organized a congregation, which united with the Reformed, and in 1856 built the church edifice on Middle Street. The pastors have been : 1856-61, D. Sell; 1861, P. P. Lane; 1862, George P. Weaver; 1863-66, C. A. Fetzer; 1866-78, M. Fernsler; July 27, 1879, George Conrad Henry. Under Eev. M. Fernsler the charge consisted of Berrysburg, Millers- burg, Salem (Killinger's), and Lykens, but in 1871 the latter was withdrawn. In 1871 the project of withdrawing from the joint union building and erect- ing a new church was discussed. It sold its interest in the Union Church to the Reformed congregation for fourteen hundred dollars, broke ground for a new edifice in March, 1873, and laid the corner-stone in June, 1874. The basement was dedicated in 1878, and the audience-room Nov. 14, 1880. Evangelical Association Chuech. — This con- gregation was organized about 1840. The first church edifice was built on the lot where the present parson- age stands, and was a log structure weatherboarded. The present church building, a commodious two- story brick structure, was built in 1860. Since 1862 (as early as any records are found) the pastors have been: 1862-64, William Hain; 1864, Joseph M. Sayler; 1865-67, F. P. Lehr; 1867-69, A. A. Overholt; 1869- 71, L. Snyder; 1871-73, S. S. Chubb; 1873-76, H. A. Neitz; 1876-79, W. K. Wiand; 1879-81, S. S. Chubb ; 1881, H. A. Neitz, present incumbent. Berrysburg was the first seat of this denomination in this region, and two years after its organization 446 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. into a church this one was organized. It owns valu- able church property, and is clear of debt. The Methodist Episcopal Chuech. — Millers- burg and Berrysburg Circuit was cut off of Halifax in 1866. Since then the pastors have been : 1866-68, A. W. Wiggins ; 1868-70, Able Howard; 1870, Thomas Kilpatrick; 1871-75, W. H. Fries; 1875-77, W. S. Pugh; 1877-79, J. M. Hinson ; 187.9, William M. Gilbert; 1880-82, N. D. McComas. It was made a station. The large brick edifice was erected in 1858. The church has one hundred and seventy-five mem- bers, and a parsonage adjoining the church edifice. The Manufacturing Industries of the borough are the planing-, saw-, and lumber-mills of John Neagley, C. F. Freck, and Alfred Douden and the Standard Axle Manufacturing Company, the latter of which has proved a successful enterprise. The MiUersburg Herald was established by its pres- ent editor, proprietor, and publisher, J. B. Seal, on the first Friday in January, 1875. It is a weekly family journal, and specially devoted to local news. It is a four-page sheet of thirty-two columns, and en- joys a large circulation. With it is connected 9 well- equipped job-office. This paper is independent in politics, and occupies a position which gives it great strength in moulding opinion in the north of the county. The Fiest National Bank was organized Feb. 12, 1867, as the Lykens Valley Bank, and began busi- ness March 6th following. It was a private company, composed of G. M. Brubaker, S. P. Auchmuty, Ben- jamin Eeigel, Philip Moyer, Joseph F. Corbett, Henry Walborn, George Gleim, Aaron Mattis, Jonathan Eeigel,, and Daniel Good. Its capital was twenty- five thousand dollars, which was shortly after in- creased to forty thousand dollars by the addition of the following new partners : Tobias Bickel, A. Forten- baugh, Jonathan Swab, Sept. 7, 1868, and Benjamin D. Reigel, George Deibler, and George Daniel in March, 1869. It was incorporated Feb. 29, 1872, and reorganized as a corporation. It was merged into a national bank April 13, 1875, with its charter numbered 2252, and began business as such May 1st the following. G. M. Brubaker was president to Janu- ary, 1875, and was then succeeded by Alfred Douden, the present incumbent. George Gleim was cashier until April 14, 1873, when Ferdinand H. Voss suc- ceeded him. It has a capital stock of one hundred thousand dollars, with a surplus of twelve thousand dollars. Its first banking-house was on Market Street. In 1869 it erected its present building, and occupied it in the fall of that year. TheMillersbueg Bank was organized in the fall of 1868. It is an individual banking institution, com- posed of eighty to one hundred stockholders, mostly of the wealthiest farmers, and all individually liable. Its capital stock is thirty thousand dollars, with a surplus of ten thousand dollars. Its first president was S. Buck, succeeded in 1875 by the present in- cumbent, F. Wenrich. J. S. Gilbert has been cashier from its organization, and Isaac Miller vice-president since the creation of that office. Since its establish- ment it has occupied its own building on Union Street. MIDDLE PAXTANQ TOW::^SHIP. At a Court of Quarter Sessions, held in Dauphin County in the month of August, 1787, an order was issued to commissioners to take into consideration the necessity and propriety of dividing Upper Pax- tang township, who reported a dividing line, " com- mencing at the river Susquehanna, at the mouth of a run emptying into the said river, and running from Jacob Strickler's spring, and thence along the differ- ent courses of the said run to the place where the said spring extracts out of the earth, and from thence by a direct line to the dividing ridge ; thence along the said ridge to the extremity thereof, to the line of Berks County." The court directed the township to be divided, agreeably to this report, from the said line to the upper boundary of Lower Paxtang, to be called Mid- dle Paxtang. As thus constituted the township in- cluded the section of the county between the First and Peter's Mountains, embracing Fishing Creek, Stony Creek, and Clark's Valleys. As may be sur- mised, the face of the country is much broken, and save along the principal streams as they near the Susquehanna and the valleys expand, the land is poor and unproductive. Nevertheless, there are some fine farms on Clark's Creek and along the Susquehanna. The history of the township is so intimately con- nected with that of the general record of the county, and to which reference is made for a history of Fort Hunter, at the mouth of Fishing Creek, and other details relating to the French and Indian war. The following incident, however, is of such a local chai^ acter that we give place thereto. Ludwig Minsker, an emigrant from the Palatinate, MIDDLE PAXTANG TOWNSHIP. 447 located in Clark's Valley in 1750. He built his cabin on a run near the place where the house of John Hocker, Jr., now stands. He was a man of great courage, and the Indians of the neighborhood feai:- ing him, never molested him or his family. It was subsequent to Braddock's defeat that hostile Indians crossed over the mountains and spread death and desolation on the frontiers. While out hunting during the spring of 1756, Ludwig observed the trail of the marauding savages. Knowing that if they discovered his cabin, his wife and child in his ab- sence would be killed, he hastened home and quickly devised means for their protection. It was too late to go below the mountains, for he would be overtaken. Having in his house a chest six feet long, he bored a sufficient number of holes in it to admit air ; then taking it upon his shoulder, waded up the run some distance, placing it in a sequestered nook. Returning to his cabin he took his wife and child (the latter but six months old) in the same way to the chest to con- ceal his trail, where, the dense foliage covered their hiding-place. It was ten days before the hostiles had left the valley, and during all that time Mrs. Minsker and her child were safely secured in the huge chest, her husband in the mean time keeping guard in the neighborhood of their cabin, hunting and carrying provisions to the refugees. One autumn, while Ludwig was carrying towards his cabin half of a good-sized hog he had butchered, an Indian stealthily came up behind him, "quickly severed the lower part, exclaimed, " Hog meat very good meat, Indian like him," and scampered off to the woods. The child who was concealed with his mother in the chest became Ludwig the second. He married a daughter of Thomas Oairn, and built his cabin at a spring on the Third Mountain, on property now be- longing to Harry Zeiders, who is a descendant of the first Ludwig. It is only a few years since that the cabin was torn down. Prior to the Revolution a friendly Indian had his tabin on the north side of Peter's Mountain, near the spring which supplies the water-trough on the pike. Here he lived for years unmolested. One evening in the fall, of the year Mrs. Minsker, while standing in the door-way, heard a loud moan, resembling that of some one in'extreme agony. She told her husband, who replied that it was the cry of a panther. Still listening, she found by direction of the sound that the person was going up the mountain, but Ludwig to quiet her said she must be mistaken, it was only the cry of the panther. The ensuing summer the cows remained out beyond the usual time, and the children were sent in search of them. Going up the mountain they came to what was then called and still known as the " King's Stool," when they found a skeleton lying under it. Informing their father of the fact, Ludwig examined the remains, and found by the hunting-shirt, which was intact, that it was the In- dian referred to. It appeared that some ill-disposed whites had gone to the cabin of the Indian and wan- tonly shot him, but did not kill him. With his little strength remaining the poor Indian crawled up and then down the side of the Fourth Mountain, across Clark's Valley ; thence up the Third Mountain to the " King's Stool," where he died from exhaustion. The rock alluded to is a huge bowlder heaved on the top of another, and as high as the tallest trees. Dauphin is a prosperous town located at the mouth of Stony Creek, nine miles north of Harrisburg. The first settlement made at that point was by Samuel Sturgeon, who removed thither shortly after the French and Indian war. A mill was built there in 1770, and the place went by the name of Green's mill. The town was laid out in 1826 by Innis Green for the Dauphin and Schuylkill Coal Company, and by him named Port Lyon. It was afterwards and for many years called Greensburg, until it was made a post- town, when the name was changed to Dauphin, for the county, and when the borough was incorporated, 31st of March, 1845, the post-office name was adopted. Corporation Officers. — The borough was in- corporated March 31, 1845. Its officers since then have been : BURGESSES. 1845. Joseph S. Bixon. 1857. Jacob Stevenson. 1846. H. B. Crouse. 1860. Dr. William Graydon. 1847. John Ehrman. 1861. J. W. Griffith. 1848. Robert Simmons. 1864-66. Not found. 1860. William Lackey. 1866. William Clark. 1851. J. Ray. 1872. John Crouse. 1862. Martin Ryan. 187S. Edward 0. Winn. 1863. Ezra Chase. 1880. T. G. Sweitzer. 1864. Peter McOuUough. 1881. Edward 0. Winn. 1866. Augustus Garverich. TOWN CLERKS. 1846. J. Wilson Parks. 1869. Joseph P. Corbett. 1846. Peter Miller. 1860. Jefferson Clark. 1849. John Ehrmau. 1862. Leonard Poffenberger 1860. P. B. Greenwalt. 1863. J. W. Grifflth. 1861. Peter McCulIough. 1867. P(iilip Greenawalt. 1863. J. W. GriiHth. 1873. A. F. Stees. 1864. Philip Groenawalt. 1874. Jacob W. Shope. 1865. Josiah 0. Young. 1876. H. D. Greenawalt. 1856. Josiah Frame. 1877. T. G. Sweitzer. 1858. Ira M. Frame. 1879. T. C. Mertz. Hill Church. — About 1770 a log house was erected for a meeting-house on land owned by Robert McCord, half a mile north of the present town, and on the site of the " Hill Church Cemetery." On Oct. 11, 1796, an agreement was entered into whereby Mr. McCord stipulated to convey by deed said lot to the trustees of the Middle Paxtang Presbyterian congre- gation. This conveyance was made Nov. 6, 1813, to William Cochran, William Forster, and James Green as said trustees. The expenses of its erection were principally met by the Scotch-Irish settlers, who were then the main farmers of this region. The con- gregation at one time was very large, and this old log structure (weatherboarded) held two hundred persons. The increase of German settlers led to the Scotch- 448 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Irish Presbyterians removing, and the church edifice passed into the hands of the Lutherans and German Reformed, or was jointly owned by them and the remaining Presbyterians. It burned down in 1855, but for some five or six years previous had not been used for religious services. A Presbyterian Congregation was organized April 6,' 1850, when twenty-three members entered into solemn articles of covenant and faith. Thele is no record before that, although previous to that time Eev. Dr. DeWitt, of Harrisburg, preached occasion- ally in the school-house and at the old " Hill Church." Eev. George E. Moore came June 21, 1848, to oflBciate at the old " Hill Church,'' and was ordained Oct. 18, 1848. Under his auspices the congregation was formed as previously stated. He preached mainly in the school-house. The new church was dedicated May 12, 1850. The bell was a donation from John W. Patton, Esq., of Philadelphia. Miss Monroe and other ladies, of Wilmington, Del., donated the com- munion service. Eev. George E. Moore continued as pastor to June, 1856 ; Eev. John W. Davis, from March, 1857, to August, 1860; Eev. Alexander D. Moore, from ,Sept. 8, 1860, to Sept. 8, 1868 ; Eev. David 0. Menker, from Dec. 1, 1868, to April 25, 1880 ; and the present incumbent, Eev. Eobert F. Mc- Clean, from Sept. 1, 1880, Methodist Episcopal Church. — Dauphin Cir- cuit was out off of Halifax Circuit in 1838, since which time the pastors have been : 1838, D. Sheets ; 1839, V. Gray, William McCombs ; 1840, H. E. Gil- roy, William McCombs ; 1841-43, William Cooper, T. W. Arthur ; 1843, E. M. Greenbank, J. M. Wyeth ; 1844, E.M. Greenbank, T. A. Fernley; 1845, William L. Gray, George D. Brown ; 1846, Eliphalet Eeed ; 1847, John 0. Thomas; 1848-50, C. E. Brooks; 1850- 52, Henry Sutton ; 1852, H. Sanderson, C. E. Curry ; 1853, H. Sanderson, J. J. Lane; 1854, S. E. Gilling- ham, H. H. Hickman ; 1855-57, Valentine Gray, E. J. Pepper; 1857-59, William Dalrymple; 1859-61, George G. Eakestraw ; 1861-63, Abel Howard ; 1868- 65, S. L. Kemble; 1865-67, G. T. Hurlock; 1867, Gideon Barr; 1868-70, T. Montgomery; 1870-72, John Stringer ; 1872, J. Eobison ; 1874r-76, Frederick Illman ; 1876-79, Ephraim Potts ; 1879 to the present time, E. C. Wood. The church edifice, a commo- dious frame structure, was erected in 1837. The cir- cuit embraces Dauphin, Eockville, Coxestown, and Paxtang, a preaching appointment four miles from Harrisburg and near the residence of Judge Hiea- ter. Zion's Lutheran Church. — This congregation before 1849 had worshiped in the old " Hill Church," but on September 5th of that year it resolved to erect a new church edifice in the town. The joint build- ing committee then appointed were Daniel Poffen- berger, Elias Fertig, H. C. Sponsler, George Kinter, George W. Urbin, Nelson C. Hyde. It was built on a lot of Mrs. Gross by the Lutheran and Eeformed congregations jointly. The corner-stone was laid Aug. 10, 1850, and the building dedicated Feb. 2, 1851, with a dedicatory sermon by Eev. A. H. Loch- man. The pastors have been : 1851, Eev. C. P. Stoever; 1852-56, Eev. C. Nijtenhauer; 1856-68, Rev. George J. Martz ; 1868-70, Eev. Kurtz ; 1870-80, Eev. D. P. Eosenmiller, who died in 1880, and since then the congregation have had no regular pastor. Evangelical Association Church. — This con- gregation was organized prior to 1872, when the church building was built. Before then services were occasionally held in the school-house. The pastors have been : 1872-75, Eev. J. A. Eager ; 1875-77, Eev. Leslie;. 1877-78, Rev. A. Markley; 1878-80, Eev. John Hoover; 1880, the present incumbent, Eev. H. M. Copp. This circuit embraces two other churches, — Zion's, some two miles from town, and which was or- ganized in 1862, and the one at Fishing Creek, or- ganized in 1831. The Halifax Church was an ofi"- shoot of Zion's, and was instituted to accommodate the town members. Berry's Mountain Mills, near Berry's Moun- tain, in Middle Paxtang township, were built in 1797, the large saw-mill by Mr. Barr. They were after- wards operated by Mr. Eutter, and later by Loomis & Kingsbury. In 1834 and 1835 they transacted a largo, business. Shurr's mill was a short distance above. ' LYKENS VALLEY. The Wiconisco or Lykens Valley includes that section of the " Upper End" of the county of Dau- phin that is watered by the Wiconisco Creek and its branches, save where local names have been given to certain portions, such as Williams Valley, etc. As much of the history of the townships is so closely allied, we purpose to give such facts relating thereto as do not specially belong to the townships proper. It may be here stated that locally Lykens Valley is but a small part of Wiconisco Valley, and yet we are compelled to designate the "Upper End" by that general title. The early history of the Wiconisco Valley is one of interest, inasmuch as the individual for whom the LYKENS VALLEY. 449 entire valley now takes its name was among the first settlers. In 1732, Andrew Lycans (not Lycan) settled on the Swatara Creek, where he took up two hundred and fifty acres of land, adjoining lands of Robert Young and Lazarus Stewart, and which was surveyed to him on the 4th of April, 1737. About 1740 he seems to have sold out and removed, with a number of others, to the west side of the Susquehanna, where he settled and made some improvements on a tract of land between Sherman's Creek and the Juniata, in then Cumberland County. This not being included in the last Indian purchase, the Shawanese, who had a few scattered villages on the Juniata, complained of the encroachments of these settlers and demanded their removal. To pacify the Indians the Provincial authorities sent, in 1748, the sheriff of Lancaster County, with three magistrates, accompanied by Con • rad Weiser, to warn the people to leave at once. But, notwithstanding all this, the settlers remained, deter- mined not to be driven away, at least by threats. On the 22d of May, 1750, after more decisive meas- ures had been decided upon by the Provincial gov- ernment, a number of high dignitaries who had been appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor held a confer- ence at the house of George Croghan, in Pennsborough township, Cumberland Co. Subsequently, accom- panied by the under-sheriff of that county, they went to the place where Lycans and others lived, and after taking the settlers' into custody burned their cabins to the number of five or six.' They were subsequently released by order of the Governor of the Province, when Andrew Lycans re- moved with his family to the east side of the Susque- hanna beyond the Kittochtinny Mountains, and by per- mission of the authorities " settled on a tract of about two hundred acres, situated on the northerly side of Whiconescong Creek." Here he made " considerable improvements," which we learn from a document in our possession. Until the spring of 1756 these pioneers on the Wiconisco were not disturbed in their homes, but fol- lowing the defeat of Braddock, everywhere along the frontier the savages began their work of devastation and death. Their implacable cruelty was stimulated by the promise of reward for scalps on the part of the French, beside the further one of being put into pos- session of their lands. On the morning of the 7th of March, 1756, Andrew Lycans and John Rewalt went 1 We have before us the "account of Andrew Work, sheriff of Ian- caster, for removal of trespassers at Juniata," which is as follows: "Dr. Province of Pennsylvania to Andrew Work, Sheriff of the County of Lancaster and Cumberland. "To ten days attendance on the Secretary Magistrates of the County of Cumberland, by his Hon's, the Governor's command to remove sundry persons settled to the Northward of the Kichitania Mountains : " To paid the Messenger sent from Lancaster my own Expenses, 3: 7: " To the Under-sheriff's Attendance on the like Service, eight days: "To bis Expenses in taking down Andrew Lycan to Prison to Lancas- ter other Expenses on the Journey, 2: 10: 0. "Augt.,1750. AND.W0EK,Sber." 29 out early to fodder their cattle, when two guns were fired at them. Neither being harmed, they ran into the house and prepared themselves for defense in case of an attack. The Indians then got under cover of a hog-house near the dwelling-house, when John Ly- cans, a son of Andrew, John Eewalt, and Ludwig Shott, a neighbor, crept out of the house in order to get a shot at them, but were fired upon by the savages, and all wounded, the latter (Shott) in the abdomen. At this moment Andrew Lycans saw one of the In- dians over the hog-house, and also two white men running out of the same and get a little distance therefrom. Upon this Lycans and his party attempted to escape, but were pursued by the Indians to the number of sixteen or upwards. John Lycans and Rewalt being badly wounded and not able to do any- thing, with a negro who was with them, made off, leaving Andrew Lycans, Shott, and a boy engaged with the Indians. The savages pursued them so closely that one of them, coming up to the boy, was going to strike his tomahawk into him, when Ludwig Shott turned and shot him dead, while Lycans killed two more and wounded several in addition. At last, being exhausted and wounded, they sat down on a log to rest themselves ; but the Indians were somewhat cautious, and stood some distance from them, and consequently returned to look after their own wounded. Lycans and all his party managed to get over the mountains into Hanover township, where they were properly cared for. Here Andrew Lycans died, leav- ing a wife, Jane Lycans, and children, — John, Su- sanna, Rebecca, Elizabeth, Mary, and Margaret. It is not known when Lycans' family, with the other settlers, returned to their homes in the Wiconisco Valley, but not until all danger was over ; and al- though on a number of occasions they were obliged to leave all and flee before the marauding savages, yet the one alluded to was the only occasion where they so narrowly escaped with their lives. Besides, the erection of the forts at Shamokin (Sunbury), and at Armstrong's (Halifax), and at McKee's, at the foot of Berry's Mountain, was perchance ample protection from the annual marauds of the Indians, which up to the year 1764 kept the frontier inhabitants in a ter- rible state of apprehension and fear. John Lycans, son of Andrew, became an officer of the Provincial service, commissioned July 12, 1762. In June, 1764, he was stationed at Manada Gap. It is probable he removed from the valley prior to the Rev- olution. His mother, Jane Lycans, in February, 1765, had a patent issued to her for the land on which her husband had located. The Lycans' cabin stood until about twenty years ago on McClure's farm, owned at present by H. L. Lark. Ludwig Shott died about 1790, and left a large family ; some of his descendants remain in the valley. Rewalt subsequently removed to the now thickly-settled portion of the Province. Andrew Lycans has given his name to the beautiful valley of the Wiconisco, owing perchance to the ter- 450 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. rible encounter with the Indians as narrated. The orthography has been changed within the last fifty years, but we have not learned the reason therefor. Whether Lykens orLycans, we trust that no attempt may ever be made to deprive the first pioneer of the name which has been appropriately given to it. After Andrew Lycans' the first house built at Oak- Dale Forge was erected by Henry Shoffstall for Joel Ferree, of Lancaster County, then owner of the Ly- cans' tract, about the year 1771. Its location was about seventy-five yards northwest of where the pres- ent bridge crosses the Wiconisco Creek. The prop- erty was purchased by Mr. Ferree from Jane Lycans, the widow of the old pioneer. On the death of the former it became the property of Isaac Ferree, of Lancaster County, whose son, Isaac, Jr., moved into it in 1800. At the period when Andrew Lycans lived on the Forge property there was an Indian village on the land now owned by Henry Bohner, and the spring at his house is the head of the run which empties into the head of the Forge dam and called the "Indian Town Bun." This Indian town property, when it was abandoned by the Indians, was taken up by Joel Ferree, first named. When the house was built by Mr. Shoffstall, there were few settlers in the neighborhood. There were, however, Shott (now Kottka), George BufiBngton, near BuflSngton's Church, John Nicholas Hoffman, and Philip Umholtz, near Gratz. In Williams Val- ley the nearest person was Conrad Updegraff, at (now) Williamstown, and next Daniel Williams, who had a grist-mill there, at or on the property now owned by Martin Blum, east of Williamstown. Another person about this time, by the name of Daniel Hain, built a saw-mill where the Summit Branch Railroad crosses the creek at Lykens, taking the water from Eattling Creek by a race to Wiconisco Creek. Oak- Dale Forge was built about the year 1828, by James Buchanan, who at the same time, or the year following, built six or seven houses for his workmen. The houses were located on the south side of the creek, and were occupied by John Ginter, Thomas Nutt, George Conner, Samuel Boon, Joseph Dunlap, and others. Mr. Buchanan came from Harrisburg. He subsequently removed to Baltimore, where he died. He kept a store at the Forge, and also the post-office, which latter was established about 1830, the mail being carried by pack-horse. Previous to that time the post-office was at Miller-sburg, each neighbor taking his turn to bring the mail from there weekly. From 1795 to 1800 there were only three houses built between the Forge and Lykens. One was lo- cated on the property now of Henry Bohner, and then occupied by Joel Ferree, the younger, who died at Baltimore, in the War of 1812. The second house was built by George Setzler on the property now of Isaac Seebolt. The third on property now owned by John Wallace, erected by Peter Shoffstall and occu- pied by him for a time, subsequently by Peter Min- nich. This cabin stood near the old house on Wal- lacei's farm, and was in later years occupied by Solomon Shoffstall, who erected the present old log house on the premises. The first election held in the valley, or in Lykens township, was probably in Gratz, about the year 1815. Hoffman's Church was the first place of religious worship. The importance of Lykens Valley may be dated from the year 1825. In that year coal was discovered by Jacob Burd, Sr., and Peter Kimes, then living near the lower end of the Short Mountain, in what was then Lykens township. They had gone out one Sunday morning to take a walk, and reaching the top of the mountain they paused, one of them having a stick in his hand, carefully dug into the earth, when it revealed black dirt. This gave rise to the opinion that there must be coal in the mountain. A short time afterwards a wagon road was made, and men commenced to dig. This was the first beginning of the coal operations which gave rise to the Lykens Valley, Short Mountain, and Franklin Coal Com- panies. This was in the same year that anthracite coal was first burned successfully in Philadelphia, and its advocates, after having undergone the usual derision that men of new and progressive ideas have to contend with, began to reap their reward. No doubt this combination of circumstances determined the action of the shrewd Simon Gratz. He at once bought the land in and east of the Gap from one Frey, its owner up to that time. Professor Sheafer, of Pottsville, who was a native of the " Upper End," furnishes us the subsequent his- tory of this enterprise. The Wiconisco Coal Com- pany was organized in 1831, composed of six mem- bers,— Simon Gratz, Samuel Eichards, George H. Thompson, Charles Rockland Thompson, all of Phil- adelphia, and Henry Schreiner and Henry Sheafer, both of Dauphin County. They began work at opening their mines by drifts in the gap at Bear Creek, a tributary of Wiconisco Creek, and sold coal in the vicinity in 1832. The first miners were three Englishmen, James Todoff, John Brown, and William Hall, who came in from Schuylkill County. The Lykens Valley Railroad, the fourth railroad in the United States to carry anthracite coal, and the first in Dauphin County, was located by Mr. Ashwin, an English civil engineer, and extended from the mines in Bear Gap, sixteen miles, to the Susquehanna River, along the north foot of Berry's Mountain. This road was constructed under the direction of John Paul, civil engineer, Henry Sheafer, superintendent, and Simon Sallade, director. The road was completed and began transporting coal in 1884, by horse-power, on a flat strap-rail. A number of ark-loads of coal were shipped from Millersburg in March and April, 1834. Then the coal-cars were boated across the Sus- LYKENS VALLEY. 451 qnehanna from the terminus of the railroad at Mil- lersburg to Mount Patrick, on the opposite side of the river, in Perry County. This site was formerly owned by Peter Ritner, brother of Governor Eitner. Here the Lykens Valley Company had a set of chutes on the Pennsylvania Canal, where they shipped their coal to market. The first boat-load of Lykens Val- ley coal was sent on Saturday, April 19, 1834, by boat " 76," forty-three tons, Capt. C. Faunce, consigned to Thomas Borbridge, Columbia, Pa. Shipments continued in this manner until 1845, when the railroad was worn out and abandoned until 1848. Then a portion of the railroad was regraded, and all laid with a new T-rail. The Wiconisco Canal, connecting the Pennsylvania Canal at Clark's Ferry with Millersburg, was built and shipments resumed in 1848, and have continued ever since. Up to and including 1858 the total shipment of coal from the Lykens Valley mines, from the beginning, amounted to eight hundred and forty-eight thousand seven hundred and eighty-one tons, and the grand total shipments on the Su.squehanna were three mil- lions two hundred and thirty-four thousand seven hundred and eighty-one tons, which included ship- ments of coal by the Union Canal and other avenues as follows : The Shamokin Railroad was opened in 1839, the Dauphin and Susquehanna in 1854, the Trevorton Railroad in 1855. At that early day of the coal trade this portion of the country was wild and seemed far removed in the woods. Lykens Valley is the broad expanse, three to five miles in width, of fertile, red-shale soil between Mahantango Mountain on the north and Berry's Mountain on the south, with the Susquehanna River as its boundary on the west. Its eastern portion is a distance of twelve miles from the river, and is sub- divided into two smaller valleys, the main or northern one extending some ten miles east to the valley of the Mahanoy Creek. The south portion is named after its early settler, Williams, who built a grist-mill near Williamstown, also named after him. This valley, hardly a mile in width, extends east from its junction with Lykens Valley ten miles, with the Short Mountain on the north and Berry's Moun- tain on the south, to a point where it coalesces with Clark's Valley, the two headed off by Broad Moun- tain, beyond Tower City. This Short, or Coal Moun- tain is a prong of the southern anthracite coal-field, forming a narrow basin, hardly more than a mile wide. The southern side of the basin, or north dip, is the only one worked. It is now pierced at Tower City, where it is extensively worked by the Philadel- phia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, and again at Williamstown, by the Summit Branch Coal Com- pany, the lands of which two companies adjoin at the county line between Schuylkill and Dauphin, where a willful wall of the Pennsylvania Company and the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company prevents a junction, much to the annoy- ance of the public, who want a rail connection be- tween the two counties, joining the two rivers, the Schuylkill on the east and the Susquehanna on the west. This mountain is again tapped at Bear Gap, the original mines above referred to. The North Mountain was penetrated by a tunnel directly north of the gap, but thus far has not been very productive of coal. In fact, what seems singular in this connec- tion is that only two beds, the very lowest in the series, are productive here, one being farther east, too small for working, while the great mammoth bed, the great productive bed of the eastern district, is hardly known here. These two lower inter-con- glomerates, one eight and the other four feet thick, are dissimilar from other anthracite coals in their lustreless appearance, and their cubic fracture shows its western approach to the semi-bituminous coals farther west. It is a free-burning, red-ash coal, but free from impurities, ready of ignition, and the most popular coal (especially for domestic purposes) of all the anthracites. The lands in the vicinity of the old mines were controlled by the following ownership : The western portion, by Thomas P. Cope, a well- known merchant of Philadelphia ; afterwards it be- came the lands of the Short Mountain Coal Company, controlled by Job R. Tyson, the son-in-law of Mr. Cope, a well-known attorney of Philadelphia. J. Edgar Thomson, the famous president of the Penn- sylvania Railroad Company, took an interest in said company, and had their first breaker built under the direction of Professor Sheafer, whose education in coal began at the old Lykens Valley mines. The lands covering Bear Gap and North Mountain were owned by the Wiconisco, afterwards the Lykens Valley, Coal Company, of which Simon Gratz, a prominent mer- chant of Philadelphia, was the president and prin- cipal owner. Adjoining said lands on the east was the coal ter- ritory of Messrs. Elder & Haldeman, both prominent residents and landowners of Harrisburg. These three bodies of land are now in the ownership of the Sum- mit Branch Coal Company, controlled by the Penn- sylvania Railroad Company. The popularity of this coal, first opened by Henry Sheafer, led to the opening of the Short Mountain Coal Company's mines in 1854, after the sale of the Elder & Haldeman lands to the Summit Branch com- pany. They extended a branch road eastward from the town of Lykens, where they penetrated the south side of the mountain by a tunnel, cutting coal in great perfection, and where they have mined, pre- pared, and shipped one thousand tons of coal per diem for several years in succession. The same large shipments are now being made just east of the Sum- mit Branch mines, at the Brookside colliery of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company. The same beds of Lykens Valley coal, and the same coal in all its peculiarities, is now mined in Stony Mountain, at the Kalmia colliery of Phillips & 452 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Sheafer, south of Tower City. All the above col- lieries, except Kalmia, have sunk deep slopes under water-level. The future of the Lykens Valley dis- trict must, ere many years, be transferred to the south dip, on the north side of the mountain, where the same bed lies intact for twelve miles, more or less, mostly below water-level. Before another century begins, the active shipments of coal must come from that side, through the old works in the South Moun- tain, or from independent collieries along the north foot of the North Mountain, where railroads must be built, one leading west to the Susquehanna, and another east to the Schuylkill, through Klinger's Gap, where the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company have a large body of lands, and a site for a grand colliery above water-level. There are four collieries open and in working con- dition in Upper Dauphin, — Big Run, by James Fen- nel (it is a land-sale colliery, shipping none by rail) ; the other collieries are known as Short Mountain, Lykens Valley, and Summit Branch or Williams- town. Big Lick colliery is not now in operation. Dependent on these collieries are the towns of Wil- liamstown, Wiconisco, Lykens Borough, and some two or three small villages, with a population num- bering between eight and ten thousand persons. Eighty per cent, of the dwellings in this once pros- perous valley are the property of working-men, the result 6f hard toil, self-denial, and privation. One familiar with the picture of Bear Gap and its wild surroundings in 1832, all forest, its lofty moun- tains and rushing streams, no work of the hands of man apparent, no sound but the roaring of the creeks, the streets of the town of Wiconisco, as located by Henry Sheafer, and those of Lykens, by Isaac Ferree, Sr. (an intelligent emigrant from Lancaster County), can appreciate the great development. Fifty years of earnest labor has sent millions of tons of coal from its long-sealed tomb to land and sea, build- ing towns, railroads, canals, churches, and schools, and lighting and warming all the people with its cheerful glow. But few of the original parties who began this enterprise remain among us. It but remains for us to make this brief record of their work, that our citizens may know somewhat of the enterprise of the early pioneers. LYKENS TOWI^SHIP. Upon the petition of inhabitants of Upper Pax- tang township asking for a division of said township, the court issued an order at their January sessions, 1810, to three commissioners to inquire into the pro- priety of granting said prayer, and to make a plot or draft of the township, etc. The commissioners re- ported in favor of a division of the township by the following line, to wit : " Beginning at a pine-tree in the Halifax township line on the summit of Berry's Mountain at Peter Eichert's Gap ; thence north ten degrees east along and near a public road which leads from Halifax to Sunbury through Hains' Gap, four hundred and sixty perches to a post on the north side of Wiconisco Creek near the said road ; thence north eighty perches to a pine; thence running along the public road afore- said north five degrees west four hundred and seventy perches to Buffington's Church, leaving the said church on the westward; thence a course north ten degrees west, leaving the dwelling of John Hopple westward eleven hundred and fifty perches to Mahantango Creek," etc. The report then follows the lines around the two divisions of Upper Paxtang as they were after taking off Halifax township (running the lines across the river). It is therefore unnecessary to follow them further here, as the line given above shows the division of what was then Upper Paxtang township. This report was confirmed by the court on the 3d of Sep- tember, 1810, and it was ordered that the eastern division be called Lykens township. Lykens town- ship was reduced in 1819 by the formation of Mifflin township from Upper Paxtang and Lykens, and further in 1840 when that portion south of the north side of Coal or Thick Mountain was erected into Wiconisco township. This township and the valley is named for Andrew Lycans, one of the earliest pioneers of this section, and to whom full reference has been made in the sketch of Lykens Valley proper. GEATZ BOROUGH. Gratz was laid out in 1805 by Simon Gratz. It is situated on the road leading from Millersburg to Reading, thirty miles from Harrisburg. It was in- corporated into a borough April 3, 1852. In 1838, Mrs. Frey kept the tavern and Solomon Shindle a store. The oldest resident of the place is Squire George Hoffman, who was born two miles east of the borough March 13, 1798. He was the son of John Nicholas and Margaret (Harman) Hoffman, one of the earliest settlers in the valley, and a prominent family. Squire Hoffman has been magistrate for the past thirty-five years. When he came to Gratz MIFFLIN TOWNSHIP. 453 in 1819 there were only five houses in the place; one was the oldest house, built here by Ludwig Shoffstall, now owned by Edward L. Umholtz. The second was built by Lewis Faust, who sold it to Rev. William Hedel, now belonging to the estate of A. K. Kepler, deceased. The third was oc- cupied by George Feagley, and the fourth by Adoui- jah Matthias, a Frenchman. The fifth was occupied by George Orapp, a tenant of Mr. Wise. The store was kept by Conrad Frey, then by his widow, and later by her son-in-law, Solomon Shindle. The municipal officers of the borough since its in- corporation have been : 1862. Theodore Gratz. 1863. Daniel Good. 1855. Jonas Laudenslager. 1856. Daniel K. Osman. 1857. Daniel Lehr. 1859. George Hoffman. 1852. JameB Kissinger. 1853. Abram Hess. 1856-76. No record. BURGESSES. 1860. Daniel Good. 1861. Dr. I. S. Schminkey. 1864-68. No record. 1868. Daniel Good. 1869-70. No record. 1676. Frank Tidier. TOWN CLERKS. I 1876. J. A. Willier. 1878. H. W. Good. This town, located on the old Reading road, was the centre and field of the old-time militia musters, at which thousands used to assemble to witness the evolutions of the battalions. Jacob Hoover had a noted grist-mill two miles distant, on the Little Wi- conisco. After the opening of the coal-mines a post- ofiice was established. The present postmaster is J. Arnholtz, and his predecessors (as far as ascertain- able) were Jacob Bufflngton, Solomon Shindle, and C. T. Bowman. The ridge on which the borough stands was in old times called " Wild-Cat Ridge," from its being the abode in pioneer times of wild- cats. St. Simeon's Evangelical Littheran and Re- formed Congregations were organized in 1823, and until 1832 preaching was had in a house built by Mr. Gutz, where William Boyer now lives. A joint church edifice was built in 1832. Rev. Isaac Ger- hart was the first Reformed and Rev. John Peter Sh,indel the first Lutheran pastor, and Rev. Joseph Hilpot the present Lutheran incumbent. The pas- tors of St. John's Lutheran and Hoffman Reformed Churches have generally preached here. Hoffman Reformed Church. — This old church edifice, a two-story frame, built over half a century, is two and one-fourth miles from Berrysburg, three from Gratz, and is in Lykens township. The ground on which it was erected was donated by Squire John Hofiman, who was a magistrate from his twenty-fifth year until his death in 1877. Coleman Church. — This Union Church of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches is near the Schuyl- kill County line, in the extreme eastern part of Ly- kens township. St. Matthevj's is the name of the Lutheran congregation, which is supplied with preaching by pastors of St. John's Church, Rev. Joseph Hilpot being the present incumbent. MIFFLi:^ TOWNSHIP. At a Court of Quarter Sessions held the 22d day of October, 1818, an order was issued to three com- missioners to inquire into the propriety of dividing the townships of Upper Paxtang and Lykens, then embracing the whole of Lykens Valley, into three townships, as had been petitioned for by the inhabi- tants of said valley. The commissioners reported that they were of opinion that the two aforesaid townships ought to be divided into three, and that they had ac- cordingly run and marked the lines of division as fol- lows, to wit : "The First township beginning at Mahantango Creek, a short distance below Miller's fording, on the old Sunbury road ; thence down the same to the river, and across said river to the mouth of West Mahantango Creek ; thence down the western shore of Susquehanna to a point opposite to Berry's Moun- tain ; thence by Halifax township across said river and along the summit of said mountain 5 miles 200 perches to a chestnut-oak-tree ; thence north 7i west 6 miles 80 perches to the beginning, which we have called Upper Paxtang township. The/Sfecoradwe have called Berry township, beginning at the chestnut-oak aforesaid ; thence by the summit of Berry's Mountain aforesaid 4 miles 260 perches to a small chestnut-oak ; thence north 6 west 7 miles (through Hain's Gap) to Mahantango Creek aforesaid ; thence down the same to the point aforesaid, near Miller's fording ; thence by the line of Upper Paxtang aforesaid (reversed) south 7J degrees east 6 miles 80 perches to the begin- ning. The Third beginning at the same chestnut-oak aforesaid ; thence along the summit of Berry's Moun- tain aforesaid 10 miles to the line of Schuylkill County ; thence by the same 8i miles to Mahantango Creek aforesaid ; thence down the same to Berry town- ship aforesaid; thence by the same south 6 degrees east 7 miles to the beginning, and which we have called Lykens township.'' This report was confirmed by the court March 12, 1819, except so far as the new or centre division, 454 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. which the court ordered to be called Mifflin township instead of Berry, as suggested by the commissioners. It was named for General and Governor Thomas Mifflin. (See Sess. Doc. 1815-23, page 212.) The township is bounded on the north by North- umberland County, east by Lykens township, south by Washington township, and on the west by Upper Paxtang township. The Mahantango Mountains run the entire length of the upper part of the township, the Mahantango Creek, the Northumberland County boundary, being at the foot on the north side. The township is well watered, and there are very many fine productive farms. Much of the history of the township is identified with the history of the Lykens Valley proper ; that which may have transpired during the eventful eras of the county's existence will be found in other por- tions of this work. It contains two important towns, Berrysburg and Uniontown. Beeeysburg is situated on the road leading from Millersburg through Lykens into Schuylkill County, thirty-five miles from Harrisburg. It was incorpo- rated into a borough Dec. 14, 1869. The town was laid out by John Adam Heller in December, 1819, who owned a large tract of land, including the pres- ent town and a farm adjoining, now owned by Daniel Romberger. Heller was of a pioneer family in the valley, but removed in 1839 to Sugar Valley, and subsequently to Ohio. John Paul, Jr., surveyed the town for Heller, who called it Berrysburg, from the mountain named Berry's, lying in the vicinity, but for many years went by the name of the proprietor. A school was organized in Berrysburg about 1826. The different organized churches owned small tracts of land, from ten to twenty acres, on which a school- house was erected, all one story with divisions, one part to be occupied by the teacher and his family and the other as a school-room. About this time the townships now called Mifflin, Washington, Ly- kens, Wiconisco, and Williams had nine schools, — a territory of one hundred and fifty square miles. All the schools were taught in private houses except three, which were built by the citizens. The land in some cases was purchased for a few dollars and some donated, but in either instance only sufficient to erect the building. On a fixed day the inhabitants assem- bled at the place where the house was to be built, and some went to felling trees, others to hauling the logs, and the rest erected the house. In two or three days, the house was finished. The furniture was made of pine or oak boards nailed against the wall ; the benches made of slabs. The officers of Berrysburg borough have been : 1870. Jonathan Tobias. 1871. Valentine Lenlcer, 1872: John Singer. 1873. Jonathan Miller. 1874. John Bampeli. 1875. Jonathan Book. BUBGISSES. 1876. William Shertzer. 1877. Valentine Lenker. 1878. John Eampell. 1879. ,Iohn Singer. 1880. Joseph Bender. 1881. J. D. Willier. TOWN OLEEKS. 1870. Peter S. Bergstresser. I 1879. P. W. Bisohoff. 1875. John Boop. i 1880. J. A. Brngger. Bereysbueg Semikaey. — This institution was or- ganized about thirty years ago, but in the lapse of time its building was sold to the town for public- school purposes. On the reorganization in 1879 the seminary secured the property known as the town hall for its rooms. Nearly one-half of the teachers in the upper end of the county have been connected with this seminary at one time or another. This seminary was built by Rev. H. S. Bosler, and its first teacher, in 1851, was Edward Witman. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church. — This elegant brick church edifice is the pride of the Lutherans of Lykens Valley, and is one of the finest church buildings in the county outside of Harrisburg. The first settlers in Mifflin and Washington town- ships were Germans, who, on June 5, 1780, organ- ized a church congregation called St. John's. The first baptism was Dec. 3, 1780, of Hannah, daughter o'f Nicholas Schnug; the second. May 8, 1781, of Catharine, daughter of Henry Umholtz ; and the third. May 13, 1781, of Philepna, daughter of Chris- tian Schnug. The first pastor was Rev. Michael Enterline. Services were held in the private dwell- ings of the members until 1791, when a school-house was erected, in which preaching was then had. In this year the deacons were Christian Schnug and John Matter. On Jan. 19, 1797, the following build- ing committee were appointed to erect a new church edifice : John Matter, Sr., David Harman, Philip Bechtel, and Reuben Wise. It was built in 1798, but not being fully paid for, was not dedicated until Oct. 24, 1802. This old two-story frame edifice, with its antique but venerable steeple, stood until 1876, when the present building, a brick structure ninety by fifty-five feet, was erected. It stands on a high ridge one mile from Berrysburg and three from Elizabethville, on land the congregation has owned since 1780. Directly opposite is the fine farm of the church, comprising sixty-five acres, with a substantial farm-house, occupied by the sexton of the church. The pastors have been : 1780-1807, Michael Enter- line; 1807-9, C. Walther; 1809-11, Daniel Ulrich ; 1811-15, C. Walther; 1815^4, John Peter Shindel; 1844^50, J. Nicholas Hemping ; 1850-52, C. F. Wel- den; 1852-53, Nathan Jaeger; 1853-64, F. Waltz; 1864-70, Jeremiah Shindel; 1870-75, Thomas T. Steck; 1875-81, R.S.Wagner; 1881, Joseph Hilpot. Union Salem Church of the Lutheran and Re- formed congregations was built in 1844, and rebuilt in 1873. It is supplied with preaching by pastors from Elizabethville and Millersburg. Rev. A. S. Stauffer is the present Reformed, and Rev. George Conrad Henry the present Lutheran pastor. Before 1846, John Peter Shindel preached as Lutheran pastor. Evangelical Association.— This congregation was organized in 1846, and the church edifice was WICONISCO TOWNSHIP. 455 erected the same year. The first six pastors were Eevs. John Kramer, Abraham Best, Michael Sind- linger, John Sentzell, William Hime, Mr. Sharfe. Among their successors were Eevs. 0. 8. Haymon and Jacob Adams. Since 1870 the pastors have been: viz., 1870-72, J. K. Knerr; 1872-74, J. 0. Horn- berger; 1874^75, John Leib; 1875-78, J. S. Newhart; 1878-80, William Black; 1880-83 (present incum- bent), A. Dilabar. The circuit embraces this congre- gation, one at Oakdale, Weaver's, and at Gratz. Methodist Episcopal Chukch.— This church in 1866 was made a part of Millersburg and Berrys- burg Circuit, and in 1870 of the circuit composed of Berrysburg, Oakdale, and Cross-Eoads. The latter was abandoned in 1877, but the church property at Oakdale is still owned. Since 1866 the pastors have been : 1866-67, A. W. Higgins ; 1868-70, Abel How- ard ; 1870, George C. Young ; 1871-74, H. White ; 1874, F. M. Collins; 1875-77, F. M. Brady; 1877, John Bell; 1878-80, Joseph Gregg; 1880-82, John McQuoid. The United Brethren have a large congrega- tion and neat church in the western part of the town- ship near the Upper Paxtang line. Uniontown.— This borough, whose poat-oflSce is Pillow, is situated in the northeast part of Mifflin township, between Deep Creek and Mahantango Croek. It Was laid out in 1864, and has developed into a thriving town. It contains a Union Church (Lutheran and Eeformed), Evangelical, and a United Brethren, several stores and shops, a foundry, and good school-house. Near by on Deep Creek is a large cotton-mill and saw-mill, and on Mahantango is an extensive flouring-mill. The early settlers of this region were the Deiblers, Bonawitzs, Millers, Jurys, Koppenheflfers, Bohners, Weists, Boyers, Witmers, Weavers, Williards, Shepleys, and Hess'. The town is situated in a gap of the Mahantango Mountains, and is connected by stage with. Elizabethville, run- ning from the latter place to Georgetown. The first settlers were of German and Swiss-French extrac- tion. wiooisrisoo TowjsrsHip. The 90th section of an act of the General Assem- bly, passed July 2, 1839, Pam. Laws, page 602, pro- vides : That that part of Lykens township, in the county of Dauphin, north of lines to be run by the supervi- sors of said township, " commencing at a bridge crossing the head of the Widow Snyder's mill-dam at the Mifflin township line ; thence east to the hand- board in the forks of road on the lands of Elder and Haldeman ; thence a straight line to a house of Mar- tin Eickert, now occupied by Peter Rickert, at the foot of the Short Mountain ; thence east along the foot of the mountain (north side) to the Schuylkill County line, shall hereafter form a separate township to be called Wiconisco. By the 54th section of an act, passed April 14, 1840, Pam; Laws, page 342, it is provided that " the name of Peter Riokert in the foregoing act shall be taken and construed to mean Henry Rickert, and that it shall be the duty of the supervisors to file the survey or plot of said lines run in the office of the Clerk of Quarter Sessions of the county of Dauphin." On the 26th June, 1840, the plot or draft of the lines run was filed as above directed, and are as fol- lows, to wit : " Beginning at a point on the Mifflin township line; thence north 63^^ degrees east 296 perches to cross-roads ; thence due east 464 perches to a chestnut-. oak; thence north 83 degrees east 52 perches to a chestnut-oak ; thence north 77 degrees east 30 perches to a chestnut-oak ; thence north 53 degrees east 120 perches to a black -oak; thence north 60 degrees east 79 perches to a chestnut; thence north 65 degrees east 61 perches to a poplar ; thence north 80 degrees east 450 perches to a white-pine; thence north 75 de- grees east 82 perches to a white-pine ; thence north 70 degrees east 280 perches to a chestnut-oak ; thence north 67 degrees east 186 perches to a chestnut; thence north 64 degrees east 300 perches to a chest- nut; thence north 67 degrees east 310 perches to a white-oak at the Schuylkill County line, making in all 8 miles, 150 perches." The early history of Wiconisco is embraced in that of the valley proper. The erection of the township divested the old township of Lykens of its coal- mining operations ; all the collieries and coal-beds now lying in the new township. The contiguity of the town of Lykens, however, to that of Wiconisco borough being less than half a mile distant, still gives the former borough the prestige of being the business centre of the Lykens Valley coal opera- tions. The land where Lykens and part of Wiconisco now stands was owned by James Way, of Chester County, who died in 1825, before receiving a patent therefor from the State. His executor, George Pearce, ob- 45G HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. tained a patent for the land Feb. 2, 1826, and had it with other contiguous tracts surveyed by Isaac Ferree and his son, Joel B. Ferree. After they were surveyed they were put up for sale at public outcry down at the brick mill and sold. The conditions were that any person purchasing any tract was to pay immedi- ately after the sale twenty-five dollars in cash as hand money. LYKENS BOROUGH. The tract of sixty-seven acres on which the borough of Lykens stands was struck down to Jane and Rachel Ferree for nineteen dollars and ninety cents. The sale really was to their father, Isaac Ferree, but for prudential reasons he ordered the deed for this tract to be made in the names of his daughters, Jane and Rachel. Isaac Ferree formerly owned a considerable amount of land in this section, and operated a pow- der-mill, the products of which he sold all over the country, and frequently took long drives up the river to his customers. He brought the saltpetre from Philadelphia by teams. Joel B. Ferree and his sis- ters subsequently laid out a town on this tract, named it Lykenstown, and the two sisters sold the lots for eleven dollars each. They were all numbered and drawn by lottery, and some hundreds of lots were thus drawn and paid for. Upon these lots log houses were built by William Zerby, Isaac Ferree, Martin Blum, Jacob Staley, Kate Bordner, Benjamin Drum, John Shehan, and Patrick Martin, south of the rail- road, some of which are yet standing. Th.^ first log house, however, was built by Joel B. Ferree, in the lower part of the borough, in April, 1832, the stone- work of which was done by Richard Nolen. This was the extent of Lykens in 1832. In 1803, Simon Gratz recovered a judgment for a small amount against Isaac Ferree, and kept it alive by successive writs oi scire facias. In 1835 said judg- ment was issued upon, and the land sold as belonging to Isaac Ferree, the court holding, in the legal con- test which followed, that his daughters only held the property in trust for him. Therefore the purchaser, Simon Gratz, purchasing at sheriff's sale the interest of Isaac Ferree, it is presumed, received a good title. After the death of Simon Gratz, the land was con- veyed to William Hawkins, who the same day sold it to Edward Gratz. He bought up a tax title to the same, held by Jacob M. Haldeman and Thomas Elder, July 8, 1847, which gave him an undisputed title. He then caused it immediately to be laid in lots a second time, as they now are, by Daniel Hoff- man, in 1848. The first purchasers, under the Ferree sisters, all lost their lots, with the exceptions of those whose deeds were recorded at a certain date. Since its first settlement the town has rapidly in- creased in wealth, influence, and population. It is the centre of the coal trade of the Upper End, and much of the industrial development of that section is due to the energy displayed by its citizens. Lykens borough received its charter of incorpora- tion in 1871. The chief municipal officers since that year have been : BUBOESSES. 1878. CharleB Wolcott. 1880. W. S. Young. 1881. Kiley BreBsier. 1872. Hon. M. B. Young. 1874. L. Katzenburg. 1875. Charles Wolcott. 1876. John B. Nace. 1883. Henry Fsindt. TOWN OLEBKS. 1877. P. S. Bergstresser. 1879. Henry Heit. 1881. John O'Neil, 1883. Henry Helt. 1872. C. A. Harper. 1873. E. H. Willson. 1874. Harry W. Troy. 1875. John E. Naoe. 1876. Benjamin F. Eby. The boroagh has no debt. Geace Methodist Episcopal Ohuech. — The first sermon ever preached in this place was by Rev. Thomas Sovern, of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Halifax, in 1833, it being the funeral sermon of a young Englishman killed in the mines. This sermon was preached on the porch in front of Michael Sheaffer's house. The next religious service was a prayer-meet- ing held in the stone school-house which stood near where the coal dirt has been burning for years. That meeting was opened by Richard Nolen, who had built the school-house. This meeting was there kept up for some time, and until another school-house was erected, and for a long time the preaching, prayer- meetings, and Sunday-schools were held in it until the building of the present churches. In 1848, Ed- ward Gratz, Hon. A. O. Hiester, and Richard Nolen took the incipient steps for building a Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Gratz gave the lot and guar- anteed the collection of two hundred dollars towards the building. Mr. Nolen opened the subscription-list, and in 1850 a building committee was appointed. Mr. Nolen did the stone-work, and it was completed under the pastorate of Rev. John Cummins, and dedicated in January, 1852. This was the first church in Lykens, and this stone building is now owned by A. F. Englebert, who rented it for a dwell- ing, and subsequently was used for an armory. The present church edifice is th^ finest in the borough. Lykens and Wiconisco Circuit was formed in 1857 out of Halifax Circuit, whose pastors to that date had supplied it with preaching. Since then the pastors have been : 1857, Charles L. Stineman ; 1858, Able Howard; 1859, John C. Gregg; 1860, A. Fisher; 1861, "Oliver W. Landreth ; 1862, S. J. Kemble; 1863-65, C. H. McDermit; 1865-67, J. M. Wheeler; 1867-68, J. J. Jones ; 1869-72, F. M. Brady ; 1872- 74, J. A. Watson; 1874-77, J. F. Meredith; 1877, George G. Rakestraw ; 1878-80, H. R. Calloway ; 1881, Israel M. Gable, William Powick. Cheist Protestant Episcopal Chuech.— Ly- kens parish was organized in 1861. The first preach- ing was by Rev. William V. Feltwell, in the school- house, who officiated a-s deacon. Mr. Feltwell's services ceased in May, 1863, from which time to WICONISCO TOWNSHIP. 457 1870 no services were held, save lay readings by S. H. Barrett and George E. Hoffman. The parish was re- organized May 7, 1871, and Eev. Daniel Shaver tem- porarily oflBciated. Occasional services were held until Oct. 3, 1871, when Rev. V. Hummel Berghaus became rector. Under his rectorship the church was chartered in 1872, and the corner-stone laid for the present church edifice on May 26, 1874. He resigned Jan. 1, 1875, and for four years there was no rector. Eev. Jesse M. Williams was called in 1879, and re- mained two years, when he was succeeded by Rev. S. H. Boyer, who continued about a year and a half His successor was the present rector, Rev. Henry 0. Pastorius, who came June 12, 1881. The church edi- fice was consecrated Jan. 4, 1881, and before its erection the services were held in the brick school- house. Zion's Evangelical Lutheran Church.— The first minister representing the Evangelical Lutheran Church in this vicinity was the Rev. C. F. Stoever, who preached occasionally in Lykens and Wiconisco. He was on the Berrysburg charge from 1845 to 1850. The next minister who effected a temporary organiza- tion of the congregation at Lykens and Wiconisco was Rev. N. Yeager, of the Berrysburg charge, who was here from 1850 to 1852. Rev. D. Sell, of same charge, came Nov. 2, 1853, and took up this vicinity and permanently organized the congregation, and built the present church edifice in 1859. He re- mained pastor until April 1, 1861, and was succeeded by Rev. P. P. Lane, wlio continued till April 1, 1862. Rev. G. P. Weizer took charge then until April 1, 1863, and his successor, Rev. C. A. Fetzer, remained until April 1, 1866. Rev. M. Fernsler came on the Berrysburg charge Dec. 2, 1866, to April 1, 1871, at which time Lykens and Williamstown were made a separate charge, and the Rev. D. Kloss took Lykens April 1, 1871, to April 1, 1877. Rev. J. A. Wirt, the present pastor, came in charge June 1, 1877. Evangelical Association. — Before the erection in 1873 of this church edifice the association had had preaching occasionally some six or seven years in the school-house. Its pastors have been : 1872-73, W. A. Shumacker; 1874, J. H. Wulfurth ; 1875-77, L. N. Warman ; 1877, J. R. Hensel ; 1878-80, J. S. Newr hart; 1880-82, A. A. Delong. Up to 1880 this con- gregation was a part of Williamstown Circuit, but is now the Lykens Circuit, and embraces Wiconisco and Dayton's school-house, just this side of Williamstown. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church.— Before 1852 services were occasionally held in the town by Father Maher, of Harrisburg. In 1852 the present church edifice was began by Father Egle, the first regular pastor, on the formation of the congregation, and was completed in 1853. The next pastors were : in 1853, Father McLoughlin, who remained eleven years; in 1864, Father McElvain, succeeded by Father Lochland, then Father Noouan, then Father McElvain (second time), then Father Murray, then Father Mark O'Neill, the present incumbent. The residence or parsonage was built in 1876. The building of the church edifice was largely due to the labors of J. M. Blum, the first merchant of the town. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church. — The congregation was organized in 1873, and the first church edifice, a frame structure, erected in 1874. It burned down in February, 1876, and the present one was built in 1879. Its pastor has been since its or- ganization Rev. M. B. Lenker, who has also a charge at Tower City and at Johnstown, Schuylkill Co., and a mission at Williamstown. The German Reformed Church was built in 1874, but is now the property of the Miners' Deposit Bank. Last pastor in 1880 was the Rev. A. S. Stauffer. United Brethren in Christ. — This church edifice was remodeled in 1874 as a centenary. Rev. Mr. Lehman is the present pastor. Miners' Deposit Bank. — The first banking busi- ness done in Lykens was by a branch of the Lykens Valley Bank. It was started in 1870, with C. J. Cor- bett sole officer. On May 6, 1872, the Miners' Deposit Bank was incorporated with an authorized capital of one hundred thousand dollars ; sixty thousand dollars was paid up. The first president was J. M. Blum, whose successors have been E. G. Savage, J. Reigle, W. E. Ray, and the present incumbent, A. F. Engle- bert. C. J. Corbett was cashier up to July, 1879, when he was succeeded by E. W. Deible, who had been its teller from its first organization. Its present capital is fifty thousand dollars. Newspapers. — In 1856 the first printing-press was brought to Lykens. It was a No. 2 Washington hand-press, and is still in the Register office. The first paper published was entitled The Farmers' and Miners' Journal, and the first issue appeared Aug. 16, 1856. The office was owned by an association, which employed Dr. J. B. Hower as editor, with S. B. Coles as publisher. The services of the doctor were dis- pensed with at the end of three months, and upon Mr. Coles then devolved the management of the paper for some two weeks, when E. J. Pinkerton, of Lan- caster, took charge of the office, and remained nearly a year, when he left. Daniel Hoffman then took the paper as publisher and proprietor, with George Wolf Buehler as editor. This continued thirteen months, when Mr. Buehler became proprietor and publisher, and so continued until October, 1861, when the office turned all of its four employes into the army as its quota to aid in the suppression of the Rebellion, caus- ing the suspension of the paper. These four printer volunteers were Henry Keiser, of Company G, Ninety- sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, who served four years ; John C. Gratz, of same company, who died in service of typhoid fever ; John E. Roberts, enlisted at age of fifteen years in Company D, Fifth Pennsylvania Re- serves, and after proving his bravery on three fields, fell at New Market Cross-Roads, June 26, 1862, and i though supposed to be but wounded at the time, was 458 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. never afterwards heard of; and Christopher C. Hyn- icka, of Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was captured by the Confederates, and after a confinement of over a year was unable to reach the boat to be transported home, and surrendered his life on the altar of his country. The office then passed into the hands of S. B. Coles, who published an advertising medium called The Business Man's Journal. This con- tinued until Aug. 1, 1865, when Capt. George W. Fenn was induced to purchase one-half of the office and establishment. The 17th of August, 1865, he pub- lished the first number of The Upper Dauphin Register and Lyhens Valley Miner as a Republican paper. This firm continued but a few months, when Mr. Coles again became owner of the concern, and published the paper uptil November, 1868, when the present owner, Samuel M. Fenn, came in possession. On Jan. 1, 1872, the paper was enlarged, the name changed to Lykens Register. A new power-press and new material were purchased, and the Register, now firmly established, takes rank as one of the live local papers of the State. It is a thirty-two-column weekly journal, and is published Fridays! The first number of the Lykens Record was issued July 11, 1874, by Ettinger & Charles, who continued its publication until purchased by the Lykens Print- ing Association incorporated March 8, 1876. The stock of this corporation was held by forty-five citi- zens, principally business men of the Upper End. A board of directors, president, superintendent, treas- urer, and editor were annually elected to conduct the business. This paper, a thirty-two-column sheet, containing original matter on both sides, and having at one time a circulation of over seven hundred, was published about three years and then abandoned. WICONISCO. This enterprising town lies on the historical stream and in the township of same name. It is located on a tract of forty-eight acres of land sold in 1826 by George Pearce as executor of James Way. The conditions of the public sale were that any person purchasing any tract (of the many then to be offered) should pay immediately after the sale twenty-five dollars as hand money. This forty-eight- acre tract was struck off' to John Gilbert for twelve dollars. Mr. Pearce then demanded of Gilbert the twenty-five dollars, according to the conditions, which the latter would not pay and did not take the land. Then Daniel Hoff'man agreed to take it, but according to the deed he only paid for it twelve dol- lars after all. After the latter's death his heirs sold it for something like fifty dollars per acre. Henry Sheafer opened the first store in a small log house in 1832. Another early settler was his brother, Michael Sheafer, who died in November, 1849. Benjamin Carman, who kept store several years prior to 1848, removed it that year to Lykens. The town was laid out in 1848 by Thomas Couch and Peter W. Sheafer. It is largely settled by miners, who with their families compose an industrious and thrifty class of people. It is separated from Lykens by the Wiconisco Creek. The Methodist Episcopal Church edifice is the oldest, having been erected in 1854, and remod- eled and enlarged in 1878. It forms part of the Lykens Circuit, for which see pastors. The Evangelical Association is the oldest congregation, having been organized in 1831, and with Lykens and Dayton's school-house forms a cir- cuit. Rev. A. A. Delong, pastor. The Welsh Baptist Chuech was erected in 1865, Rev. Jones as pastor. The Wiconisco Tannery, owned by George D. Moyer & Son, is the principal industrial establish- ment in the town of Wiconisco. It is located near the Ijne of the Summit Branch Railroad, and has lately been remodeled and the business facilities largely increased. WASHINGTOISr TO WIST SHI P. Upon the petition of inhabitants of Mifflin town- ship asking for a division of that township, the court, on the 3d of September, 1845, issued an order to three commissioners to view and report on the propriety of granting the prayer of said petition, who reported that in their opinion a division of said township was necessary, and that they had laid off' the following portion of the same, to be called Washington, to wit : "Beginning at a post on the line dividing said township of Mifflin from Upper Paxtang township, on the property belonging to Philip Lenker ; thence a straight line bearing north seventy-five and a half degrees east fifteen hundred and six perches, or near four and three-quarter miles, to a post on the line dividing said township of Mifflin from Lykens town- ship ; thence by said line bearing south seven degrees east and about two and three-quarter miles to the top of Berry's Mountain ; thence along the north side of WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 459 said mountain westward four and three-quarter miles to a stone heap ; thence along the Upper Paxtang township line north seven degrees west two and three-quarter miles to the place of beginning." This report was confirmed by the court on the 23d day of January, 1846. As thus erected the township includes the fairest portion of the Lykens Valley. It is well watered by Wiconisco Creek, and is a highly- productive region. The early history of the town- ship is comprised in that of the valley proper,~for within the confines of the township Andrew Lycans, the pioneer, settled and lived. Elizabethville is a prosperous village, situated on the Summit Branch Eailroad, nine miles from Millersburg. It was laid out about 1817 by John Bender, who owned a large tract of land upon which it is now located and in the immediate vicinity. It was for a long time called "Benderstoettle," but finally the name of Elizabethville was given it in honor of the founder's (John Bender) wife. Before it was laid out Eichard Peter had built a hojise on the lot now the property of Widow Eickert. After the laying out of the place the first house built was put up by John Bender, and stood on the old road, but was subsequently removed to the new road, and is now owned by Adam Messersmith. It was a log structure, but has been weatherboarded and remod- eled. The first blacksmith in the town was Martin Paul, although John Smith had a blacksmith-shop a short distance from the village, while his father, Adam Smith, at an earlier period had a shop farther from the place. The latter moved to town about 1819, and his son, Daniel Smith, who was born in 1809, is the oldest continuous resident there. The first store was opened by Benjamin Buffington in 1842, at which time there were not over a dozen houses in the vil- lage. John Bender, the founder of the town, kept the first hotel, which, being on the old Harrisburg road, was quite a resort for travelers and teamsters. The first wagon-maker was Benjamin E. Buflfington. The first physician was Dr. John B. Stroup, who located in 1852, and who resides near the town. Washington Squaee is situated east of Eliza- bethville, and continuous therewith. It is the rail- road station for the latter village, and properly is in- cluded in the same post-office. For a long time it was called Cross-Eoads, and then Washington Square, by which latter title it is generally known. In 1832 there was only one house in the place. It is now a flourishing town with several stores, telegraph-office, and a number -of small industries, the principal of whicE latter is 'the wagon establishment of Jonas Swab, which gives employment to a score of men. The Lutheran and Eepoiimed Chukch was erected in 1833 by the joint labors of the Salem Lu- theran and Eeformed congregations. It was built of stone by John Adam Heller, for three hundred dol- lars. The building committee on the part of the Lutheran congregation were Simon Sallada, Michael Eunk, Ludwig Lingert. Its Lutheran pastors have been : 1833-44, John Peter Shindel ; 1844r-50, J. N. Hemping ; 1850-52, C. F. Walden ; 1852-53, Nathan Jaeger; 1853-64, F. Waltz; 1864-70, Jeremiah Shin- del ; 1870-75, Thomas T. Steck ; 1875-81, E. S. Wag- ner; 1881, Joseph Hilpot, who is the present incum- bent. The Eeformed pastors have been Eevs. Isaac Ger^ hart, N. E. Bresler, G. B. Lesher, Kratzing, and A. S. Staufier, present incumbent, who was called in 1876. The Eeformed Sunday-school superintendent is James Miller. The United Beetheen Chuech was erected by the Methodists in 1871, who in 1877 conveyed it to the former denomination. About a mile east of the town is another church of the United Brethren, a neat frame building, erected a few years since, of which, as of the first named, the Eev. Mr. Light is pastor. At Oakdale, now Loyalton Post-Office, is estab- lished a flourishing academy. Prior to 1870 the Methodist Episcopal Church was erecte*, but in that year the charge became a part of the Berrysburg, Cross-Eoads, and Oakdale Circuit. Latterly regular preaching is no longer conducted in it. WILLIAMS TOWISrSHIP. On the 7th of February, 1869, the township of Williams was formed from the township of Wico- nisco, the court directing the boundary lines as follows : " Beginning at a black-oak on the Schuylkill County line east 46J- degrees south 1380 perches; thence south 81 degrees west 1400 perches along the highlands of Berry's Mountain ; thence due north 490 perches ; thence north 60 degrees east 415 perches to the place of beginning." As thus formed, the township is bounded on the north by Lykens township, on the east by the Schuyl- kill County line, on the south by Jackson township, and on the west by Wiconisco township, and includes most of what is commonly called WilHams Valley. Although one of the smallest townships in the county, it is by no means the least irnportant. It is the centre of the Lykens Valley coal basin, and the termination of the Summit Branch Railroad. Its early history and the development of its coal inter- ests are part of the history of Lykens Valley. The business of the township centres in the mining opera- tions. WiLLiAMSTOWN. — This great coal mart has come into existence as a town since the commencement of the coal trade. Near it is the Summit Branch Railroad and the famous Williamstown Colliery, the largest ijjn America. In 1873 it shipped three hundred and one thousand three hundred and twenty-six tons of coal. The coal company began operations in the spring of 1866. The town was laid out by the coal company, by Martin Blum and Mr. Heilinder, and by Henry Workman, which three parties and company owned all the land upon which the town stands. What is the town proper was once offered in exchange for five thousand shingles, and subsequently sold for a span of horses, not worth over three hundred dollars, by a Mr. Updegrove. The first store in the place was kept by Jacob Hartman, and the next three were opened by George Hains, Dan- iel Batdorf, and Joseph W. Durbin. The oldest house in or near town is that of John Hartman, built before the coal trade opened. Jacob Hartman kept the first 460 tavern and George Hains the second, both in con- nection with their little stores. Joseph W. Durbin was the first regular merchant on a large scale, and located here in May, 1866. The town was laid out in 1869, and is the largest mining town in the Upper End. The Evangelical Association erected the first church, which was built in 1869 and 1870, and on the 29th of December of the latter year the congrega- tion was incorporated. It was first a part of the Ber- rysburg Circuit, then made Williamstown Circuit, out of which Lykens has since been taken. The pastors have been : 1871, R. Dreiblebiss, A. A. Delong ; 1872, R. Dreiblebiss; 1873, W. A. Shoemaker; 1874r-76, J. S. Wulfurt ; 1876-78, L. N. Worman ; 1878-80, J. S. Newhart; 1880-82, H. J. Glick. Before the erection of the church edifice preaching was had in the school- house. The parsonage was purchased in 1880. In the rear of the church is a neat cemetery, owned by the church, but open to all denominations for burials. The Methodist Episcopal Church was erected in 1871. The pastors have been: 1871, F. M.Brady, Ephraim Potts ; 1872-75, S. G. Grove ; 1874-77, Henry White (one year, with Mr. Grove) ; 1877-80, Richard Turner ; 1880-82, E. L. Martin. The parsonage was bought in 1880, and refitted. The Roman Catholic Church was erected in 1875, under the auspices of Rev. Mark O'Neill, pres- ent pastor, whose residence is Lykens. Before the church was built services were first held in the school-house and in the Williamstown Hall. The Emanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church building was erected in 1874, under the pastorate of Rev. D. Kloss, who was succeeded in 1877 by the present incumbent. Rev. J. A. Wirt, who resides in Lykens. The Primitive Methodist Church building was erected in 1875 and 1876, on Broad Street. Its pastor is Rev. Thomas Coburn. United Brethren in Christ.— This denomina- tion has a neat church edifice, a frame structure, erected a few years since. Its pastor is Rev. Lehman, of Lykens, who has congregations at that point, here, and at Tower City. BIOGEAPHIOAL HISTOEY. [ALL SKETCHES MARKED WITH AN ASTERISK (*) WERE CONTRIBUTED.) JAMBS ALRICKS. James Alricks belongs to probably the oldest family in the State. Pieter Alricks came from Holland with dispatches for the Dutch government on the Dela- ware in 1660, as appears by Hazard's Annals of Penn- sylvania. He was immediately put in command of the fort, and was soon after sent with D'Hinnoyossa " to negotiate peace" with the Governor of Maryland. In 1665, the English having conquered the Dutch, the estate of Pieter Alricks was confiscated. Some years afterward the Dutch again obtained possession not only of the banks of the Delaware, but also of Fort Amsterdam, now New York City, and held pos- session until the English Governor, Andross, arrived, and then the Annals inform us thus : " Nov. 10, 1674, Fort Amsterdam, New York, was this day surren- dered to Governor Andross, and all the magistrates in office at the time of the Dutch coming here to be reinstated for Delaware Eiyer, except Pieter Alricks, he having proffered himself to the Dutch at their first coming, of his own motion, and acted very violently as their chief officer ever since." William Penn arrived for the first time on the Dela- ware in October, 1682. He was a model of modera- tion, for the next day in appointing " a court of judi- cature," composed of six justices, the second person yarned is Pieter Alricks. The next year Penn laid out the city of Philadelphia, and in 1685 he bought out the title of the Indians in a large body of land lying between Philadelphia and Wilmington, extend- ing back from the Delaware Eiver as far as a man " can ride in two days with a horse." The first wit- ness to this Indian deed is Pieter Alricks. Wiessel Alricks, son of Pieter, was a native of Wil- mington, Del., removed to Philadelphia, and was afterwards sherifi" of Philadelphia County. Fifty years after the witnessing of this deed by Pieter Al- ricks, his grandson, son of Wiessel, Hermanus Al- ricks, of the city of Philadelphia, gentleman, was ex- amined under oath, and his testimony taken. This deed and the affidavit, dated in 1735, are both in print in the Pennsylvania Archives. Hermanus Alricks, then a young man, went some years afterwards and settled in what became Cumberland County, and was the first member of the Legislature at the organiza- tion of the county, in 1750. There were then but six counties in the State. The Legislature sat but a few weeks, and when he returned home to " Letort Springs," now Carlisle, he brought with him a com- mission appointing him prothonotary, register, re- corder, clerk of the courts, and justice of the peace. The justices at that day sat upon the bench. While there he married Ann West from the north of Ireland, who had landed shortly before at Philadelphia with her brother, Francis West, afterwards the grandfather of the late Chief Justice Gibson. The chief of those offices, Hermanus Alricks, held as long as he lived, a period of nearly twenty-five years. All his children were born in Carlisle, his youngest child, James, the subject of this sketch, being born in that town on Dec. 2, 1769, in a house long afterward owned and occupied by Dr. McCoskry. In 1791-92, James Alricks was engaged in mercan- tile business in May Town, Lancaster Co., and in 1815 he removed with his family from Lost Creek Valley to Harrisburg. He was a man of extensive reading, passionately fond of books, and he regarded an honest man, of fine education and refined man- ners, as the most remarkable object on the face of the earth. After his father's death he was raised on a farm in Donegal, Lancaster Co., and used to say that at that period no one could get an education for want of teachers. While lamenting his own want of education, he was remarkably well acquainted with history, ancient and modern, and with geography. He was likewise quite familiar with the writings of Shakespeare, Goldsmith, Burns, Campbell, etc. While living in the prime of life on the Juniata, he was delighted to meet and converse with such men as the Kev. Matthew Brown, the first Dr. Watson, of Bedford, Judge Jonathan Walker (the father of Rob- ert J. Walker), William E. Smith, etc. He married, in 1798, Martha, second daughter of John Hamilton and Margaret Alexander, of Harrisburg. Mr. Al- ricks then resided at Oakland Mills, on Lost Creek, now in Juniata County, engaged in farming, but 461 462 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. about 1815 removed to Harrisburg, where he entered mercantile pursuits. On March 10, 1821, he was ap- pointed clerk of the Orphans' Court and Quarter Ses- sions, serving until Jan. 17, 1824. He subsequently- served as one of the magistrates of the borough. Mr. Alricks died at Harrisburg on the 28th of October, 1833, aged sixty-four years. His wife preceded him, dying on the 16th of March, 1830. He was highly esteemed as a citizen, honorable and upright in char- acter. The children of James Alricks were Ann, wife of Samuel Thompson, who was a merchant and died at Pottsville ; Margaret, died unmarried ; Her- manns and Hamilton, both eminent lawyers ; Fran- ces Evans, died unmarried ; and Jane, wife of Ovid F. Johnson, an attorney-gejieral of Pennsylvania. * HBRMANUS ALKICKS. Hermanns Alricks, son of James Alricks and Mar- tha Hamilton, was born at Lost Creek Mill, in Juni- ata County, in 1804. His descent in the paternal line was from Jacob Alricks, of Amsterdam, who was director for the Dutch West India Company on the Delaware, in 1657, and in the maternal line grand- daughter of John Hamilton and Jane Allen, who came to Pennsylvania in 1745. In 1814 the family of Mr. Alricks removed to Harrisburg, and there the son grew to man's estate, thereafter one of the most respected citizens, receiving his education in the Harrisburg Academy, reading law in the office of Thomas Elder, Esq., marrying a daughter of Eev. William Kerr, who was a great-granddaughter of Eev. John Elder, of Paxtang. He quickly obtained a lucrative bxisiness before the courts, became one of the prominent men at the bar, and at his death the senior practitioner in Dauphin County. He was averse to holding office. The only one of promi- nence held by him was that of deputy attorney-gen- eral in 1829, by appointment of Hon. Amos Ell- maker, an appointment which, made a great political uproar at the moment, and it is said caused the res- ignation of Mr. Ellmaker and of his deputy. He frequently served his fellow-citizens in municipal office, was a popular man with them, and his counsel sought upon all questions of importance. In addressing a jury his manner was quiet, his statement clearly presented, and argument logical. His rule was to undertake no cause unless his client was able to demonstrate the justness of his case. His early training in the practice of the Orphans' and Eegisters' Courts soon gave him a lucrative business in that branch of his profession, where clear, concise expositions are of far more weight than the stirring eloquence of the Quarter Sessions. He was an ex- cellent, precise, real-estate lawyer. No one was a better reference upon questions of town or county history. His personal acquaintance was extensive, and his taste ran in acquiring the family traditions of our earliest settlers. His fund of information was at the service of his friends, always pleasantly and accurately retold, with the authority for each fact or anecdote, and he abounded with many curious and fascinating ones. His pres- ence was imposing, quite *six feet in stature, large frame, erect, and neatly clad, quite " like a lawyer of the olden time." He died at Harrisburg, Feb- ruary, 1874. _ His surviving family are Mary Wilson, married to James McCormick, Esq., William Kerr, Hamilton, Clara B., and Martha O. Alricks. WILLIAM AYRES. William Ayres, son of John Ayres and Jane Lytle, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, was born Dec. 14, 1788, at the eastern base of Peter's Mountain, Dauphin County, where his grandfather (whose name he bore) had set- tled in October, 1773. The locality is noted as the commencement of the old road over the mountain. William was endowed with rare native energy and unfailing perseverance, but his opportunities for edu- cational improvement were meagre indeed; he was indeed self-educated. His first venture, apart from the business of his father's farm, was an engagement with James S. Espy, merchant at Harrisburg, in 1816. During his two years' residence there he mar- ried Mary Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Hon. Jacob Bucher, May 6, 1817. The next year he was induced to return to Peter's Mountain, where he kept the hotel at the crossing, assisted in conducting the farm, and became justice of the peace Dec. 13, 1819. He was elected major Second Battalion of the Sixteenth Eegiment, and commissioned Feb. 22, 1822. Looking forward, however, to making the law his profession, he removed to Harrisburg in 1824, and resided along the river, just above the town. Here he acted as a justice both for the borough of Harris- burg and for Lower Paxtang and Susquehanna town- ships ; while at the same time he pursued his legal studies under Samuel Douglas, Esq., an eminent member of the Dauphin bar. He was admitted to practice May 3, 1826, and his private docket shows him to have been successful from the start. He had a very large acquaintance in " the Upper End," was able to speak German, and otherwise possessed many qualifications then valued and essential to practice with profit. The celebrated McElhenny murder case, in which he saved his client from the gallows, gave him a marked prominence. He was also attorney for various officers of the county, turnpike companies, etc. He was elected to the Legislature in 1833-34, and again for the session of 1834^35. During this time he was. the coadjutor of Thaddeus Stevens in his great conflict against the powers of darkness and ignorance for the establishment of the common-school system of 1834. The friendship of Ayres and Stevens here begun lasted through life. In 1839, William Ayres was elected to the Town Council, and the circumstance proved a fortunate one BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 463 for Harrisburg. He at once, brought his great ener- gies to bear on a project for the introduction of Sus- quehanna water into the borough. The idea seemed so premature that it was deemed fanciful and imprac- ticable. Nevertheless, he alone was the means of its accomplishment, which he did by borrowing funds from the United States Bank, of which he was then a director. Harrisburg received water in seven months' time from breaking ground, and this despite of much opposition from the old fogies. His directorship in the United States Bank (at Philadelphia) was at the invitation of the famous Nicholas Biddle, who presented him with stock and had him elected ; having selected him as " a country gentleman to complete the board of directors." Harrisburg, and having obtained an act of incorpora- tion he went vigorously to work, as was always his way, and Harrisburg was lighted with gas. The incorporation of the Pennsylvania Railroad, about 1846, was a project in which he was much in- terested, and he gave his time and services on the " Hill" gratuitously. By this time there was not a man in Central Penn- sylvania more widely known for his spirit, energy, and capacity in matters of public improvement. As a result, he was engaged by the citizens of Hunting- don to lead a project in their coal region, — the Hunt- ingdon and Broad Top Railroad. After securing the necessary legislation, he was elected president Jan. 10, 1853. He was obliged to spend so much of his WILLIAM AYEES. 'Having thus embarked in public enterprise, even to the great sacrifice of his legal practice, he next sought to obtain a free bridge over the river, but he could not obtain sufficient aid in subscriptions to buy out the old company. He was mainly instrumental in getting up the then new prison to replace the old jail. He was an active supporter of Gen. Harrison for President ; and the Harrison letters, still preserved, show that William Ayres was his confidential friend at the capital of Pennsylvania. He had been also the advocate of Governor Ritner, whose confidential correspondence is also preserved. The successful introduction of water encouraged him to attempt the formation of a gas company at time at Huntingdon that he could only give the road a good start; but he left its completion to others. He relinquished his position with honor, the com- pany voluntarily presenting him two thousand dollars in cash and stock. He immediately took up a more convenient enter- prise, the Harrisburg and Hamburg Railroad, a rival line to the Lebanon Valley Railroad. He became president of the company, obtained subscriptions, and had the route surveyed, with the intention of begin- ning active operations in the spring of 1856. The winter of 1855-56 was devoted to office work by the engineers at Jonestown. But William Ayres' iron constitution was crumb- ling by the insidious action of heart-disease. He was 464 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. unable to give his own active duty or instill his own energy into others, and the railroad languished just when it should have progressed. Mr. Ayres died, after some months' illness, May 26, 1856. His fellow-citizens united with his associates of the bar in attesting the loss of one in whom the capital of Pennsylvania found her most enterprising and energetic citizen, ever ready to labor and sacri- fice for the public good, and one who, having many opportunities to have made himself rich, could never be tempted or bribed, proved unflinchingly honest, and died poor. * MAJ. JOEL BAILEY. Joel Bailey, son of Joseph and Lydia Bailey, was born Sept. 26, 1789, in Penn's Manor, Bucts Co., Pa. He learned the trade of a blacksmith, but late in life became a contractor on the public works. He came to Harrisburg shortly after his majority. He was first lieutenant of Oapt. E. M. Grain's company in the war of 1812-14, and for many years subsequent was brigade inspector and a prominent military oflScer. In 1821 he was appointed one of the commissiojiers to fix the site of the seat of justice of Juniata County, and for a number of years was keeper of the State arsenal at Harrisburg. He was burgess of the bor- ough in 1832, and served several terms as a member of Council. Maj. Bailey was a very active politician, an influential citizen, and a high-toned and upright gentleman, who had the respect and esteem of all who knew him. He died at Harrisburg on the 16th of October, 1845. He married, March 10, 1814, Elizabeth Seidle, of Berks County, who died Aug. 14, 1875, aged eighty-three years. JOHN 0. BAKNITZ. John Charles Barnitz, son of George Barnitz (1770 -1844) and Maria Catharine Spangler (1769-1824), was born Feb. 26, 1795, at York, Pa. His ancestors were early settlers in York, and among the more prominent in the business and political afiairs of that section. John C. was educated in the schools of York, and learned the occupation of a brewer. In 1831 he removed with his family to Harrisburg, pur- chased the lot on the corner of Third and Locust Streets, whereon he built a brewery the same year, and which he managed for a long period. He died Jan. 31, 1872, at Harrisburg. He was an active and energetic citizen, and in the First Lutheran Church, with which he was connected many years, filled re- sponsible positions, and was organist until the burn- ing of the First Church building, and also of the German Lutheran Church. Mr. Barnitz rflarried, Oct. 17, 1820, Elizabeth Kunkel, born May 9, 1799, at Harrisburg, where she died Jan. 19, 1880, daughter of Christian Kunkel and Elizabeth Weltzhover. HENRY BBADEB,, Sr. Henry Beader, son of Peter and Susannah Beader, was born in 1763, in Paxtang township, Lancaster (now Dauphin) Co., Pa. He received an education such as the schools of the period afforded, and was brought up on his father's farm until his seventeenth year. In 1779 he was in Capt. Eutherford's company which marched to Bedford County to protect the set- tlers there from the Indians while gathering their crops. He learned the business of a brewer, in which he established hinlself at Harrisburg shortly after its founding. He became quite prominent in the aflfairs of the new town and county, and served as one of the commissioners of the county from 1792 to 1794, and from 1797 to 1799 ; was county treasurer from 1806 to 1809, and commissioned by Governor Snyder regis- ter and recorder of Dauphin County, an office he filled acceptably until his death, which occurred Aug. 13, 1816, at Harrisburg, aged fifty-three years. Mr. Beader married Margaretta Horter, daughter of Valentine Horter and Magdalena Eeis (born 1768 ; died 1847), at Harrisburg, and with her husband there buried. Their children were Henry, died unmarried, a gentle- man who always took a deep interest in the prosperity of his native town ; was a member of the Borough Council many years, a justice of the peace, and at the time of his death an alderman of the city ; Elizabeth, married John Jacob Miller ; Catharine, married, first, Nicholas B. Wood, second, Montgomery Kirk; John Louis, d. s. p. ; Mary Anna, married Thomas Cooch ; Peter, died unmarried ; and Susan, married, first, David Beisel, second, John Pricer. CAPT. JAMES BBATTY. , Prior to the laying out of the town of Harrisburg came James Beatty and family, locating there. From the family record, in the possession of his descendants, we have this entry : " That my children may know the place of their nativity I, James Beatty, was born in the Kingdom of Ireland, and County of Down, Parish of Hillsborough and Townland of Ballykeel- Ednagonnel, in the year of our Lord 1746, and came to America in the year 1784. My wife. Ally Ann Irwin, was born in said kingdom, county and parish, and Townland of Tillynore, within two miles of Hills- borough, three of Lisburn, three miles of Dromore, and six miles of Bally-nahinch,i and ten of Belfast, which last place we sailed from the 27th of June, 1784." In the fall of this year he was settled at Har- risburg, and thus became one of its first inhabitants. It may not be out of place in this connection to refer to the ancestors of James Beatty. After the battle of the Boyne there was a large influx of Scotch families into the north of Ireland. Among them was that of James Beatty, who located in the county of Down. The building he erected, known as " Syca- more Lodge," is yet standing, and has never been out of the occupancy of a James Beatty. It was here that the subject of our sketch was born. The first James Beatty was at the head of a very large 1 Means " Town of the Island." BIOGKAPHICAL HISTORY. 465 family, some of whose descendants remain in the land of their nativity, but the greater portion are scattered over many States of the Federal Union. He was a Covenanter of the old school, and a prom- inent member of the Anahilt congregation, near which church repose the remains of himself and a portion of five or six generations following. His son, William Beatty, was the father of Capt. James Beatty. He died at Ballykeel-Ednagonnell in February, 1784, and was buried in Anahilt glebe. "The grave," writes one of his descendants, "is cov- ered with a flat tombstone, and with the exception of the name nothing can be traced, owing to the wear and tear of the weather and the continual friction of passing feet. The central portion of the stone has been worn perfectly smooth." William Beatty mar- ried, in 1741, Mary McKee, and had issue. A few months after the death of his father, James Beatty, his wife and children came to America. He became the purchaser of a number of lots in the town of Harrisburg, some of which remain in pos- session of his descendants. He became quite prom- inent in his adopted home, and held several official positions under the borough charter. He died on the 1st of December, 1794, at the age of forty-eight, com- paratively a young man. He was buried in the Pres- byterian graveyard, of which church he held mem- bership. Capt. Beatty married, in 1768, Alice Ann Irwin, daughter of Gawin Irwin and Mary Brereton, of Tullynore. She died in Harrisburg, June, 1805. In personal appearance Capt. Beatty was about five feet eight inches, thick set, florid complexion, dark hair, and blue eyes. He was an active and energetic business man, and his death was a great loss to the young town. - .GEORGE BEATTY. George Beatty, youngest son of James Beatty and Alice Ann Irwin, was born in the Townland of Bally- keel-Ednagonnell, county Down, Ireland, Jan. 4, 1781. His father emigrated to America in the sum- mer of 1784, locating at Harrisburg the same year. The elder Beatty dying in 1794, the son, after re- ceiving a regular school education, learned the watch- and clock-making with his brother-in-law, Samuel Hill, whose clocks are more or less celebrated to this day. In 1808, Mr. Beatty established himself in busi- ness, which he continued uninterruptedly for up- wards of forty years. He was an ingenious mechan- ician, and constructed several clocks of peculiar and rare invention. In 1814 he was orderly sergeant of Capt. Thomas Walker's company, the Harrisburg Volunteers, which marched to the defense of the city of Baltimore. Mr. Beatty in early life took a promi- nent part in local aflairs, and as a consequence was frequently solicited to become a candidate for office, but he almost invariably declined. He nevertheless served a term as director of the poor, and also as 30 county auditor. He was elected a burgess of the borough, and was a member of the Town Council sev- eral years, and while serving in the latter capacity, was one of the prime movers in the efforts to supply the borough with water. Had his suggestions, how- ever, been carried out, the water-works and reservoir would have been located above the present city limits. Mr. Beatty retired from a successful business life about 1850. He died at Harrisburg on the 10th of March, 1862, aged eighty-one years, and is interred in the Harrisburg cemetery. He was an active, en- terprising, and an upright Christian gentleman. WILLIAM BELL. William Bell was born at Jaysburg, Pa., in 1790. His education was limited, and was in early life, owing to the accidental death of his father by drown- ing, apprenticed to the trade of a carpenter. He came to Harrisburg during the erection of the capitol, and was employed by Mr. Hills until its completion. He carried on the business until 1829, when he estab- lished a grocery, which he conducted until his death. He served frequently as a member of the Borough Council, and took a deep interest in the prosperity of his adopted home. He died at Harrisburg, on the 20th of May, 1847, aged fifty-seven years. Mr. Bell married in 1819, Elizabeth Hutman, daughter of Matthias and Catharine Hutman, born in 1792 ; died Feb. 28, 1868, at Harrisburg. Their children were, Catharine, George, William, Maria (married Edward Curzon), Ann, and Elizabeth. GEORGE BBRGNER. George Bergner was a native of the village of Neun- kirchen, a few miles distant from the free city of Bremen, in the kingdom of Hanover, where he was born on the 6th of June, 1818. He came to America at the age of twelve years, and reaching Reading, Pa., he apprenticed himself to Engelman, a printer and a well-known almanac-maker, with whom he served his time. In 1834 he came to Harrisburg, and worked as a compositor on the different German news- papers and journals. In 1838 he was sent by the ex- ecutive committee of the anti-Masonic party to Som- erset, Pa., to publish a German campaign paper, and during the Harrison campaign was sent on a similar service to New Bloomfield, Perry Co. In 1841 he purchased the Vaterland Waechier of his former em- ployer, Mr. Ehrenfried; During the Know-Nothing campaign of 1854 he published the American, in op- position to the tenets of that then dominant party. The following year he purchased the Telegraph, which he soon established on a successful and permanent basis. From 1857 to his death he was the publisher of the Legislative Record. In 1861, Mr. Bergner was appointed by President Lincoln postmaster at Har- risburg. He was removed by President Johnson in 1866, but upon the election of President Grant he was reappointed to the position, an office he held at the 466 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. time of his death. During the Eebellion his pen and his purse were at the service of the Union, while he himself went out as a private soldier in the First Regiment Pennsylvania Militia, during the invasion of the State in 1862. Mr. Bergner's life was an active one, and yet, apart from his own business affairs and oflScial position, much of his time was given to the public. For many years he was one of the inspectors of the Dauphin County prison, was a trustee of the State Lunatic Asylum, vice-president of the Pennsyl- vania Agricultural Society, bank director, etc. His business career was a very successful one. He died at Harrisburg, after a very brief illness, Aug. 5, 1874, aged fifty-six years. REV. WILLIAM BERTRAM. William Bertram, of respectable parentage, was born Feb. 2, 1674, in the city of Edinburgh, Scot- land. He received his education in the university of his native place, studied for the ministry, and was licensed by the Presbytery of Bangor, Ireland, who gave him " ample testimonials of his ordination, min- isterial qualifications, and regular Christian conversa- tion." He married, about 1706, Elizabeth Gillespie, and their children were John and Elizabeth. During one of those periodical political excitements in the British Isles the son disappeared, and his parents, under the impression he had come to America, they determined, if possible, to ascertain his whereabouts, and came to Pennsylvania about the year 1780; but failing in their search they decided to remain in this country, and the following year we find him unani- mously received by Donegal Presbytery, which he joined. At the same time George Eenick presented him an invitation to settle at Paxtang and Derry, which he accepted. He was installed Nov. 17, 1732, at the meeting-house on Swatara. The congregation then appointed representatives. "On this side, Thomas Forster, George Eenick, William Cunningham, and Thomas Mayes; on the other side, Rowland Cham- bers, Hugh Black, Robert Campbell, John Willson, William Willson, James Quigley, William McCord, and John Sloan." They executed to Bertram the right and title to the "Indian town tract," situated in Hanover township, on the north side of the Swa- tara, containing three hundred and fifty acres. On the settlement of Rev. Bertram the congregation in Swatara took the name of Derry, and the upper con- gregation, on Spring Creek, was styled Paxtang. In 1735, ,Mr. Bertram complained of the " intolerable burden" he was under with the two congregations, and Sept. 13, 1736, he was released from the care of Paxtang. The Rev. William Bertram died on the 2d of May, 1746, aged seventy-two, and his remains are interred in Derry Church graveyard, his wife dying prior thereto. He was a faithful minister of the gos- pel. It may be stated that through his marriage with Miss Gillespie his descendants became heirs to a handsome estate in Edinburgh. Efl!brts were made to secure this, but the difficulties inherent upon proving descent, we presume, have been the means of keeping the rightful parties from enjoying this patri- mony. SAMUEL S. BIGLER. Samuel Smith Bigler, son of John Bigler, was born in 1815, in Harrisburg, Pa. His educational advan- tages were limited to the schools of the borough and the printing-ofiBce. He learned the art in the estab- lishment of Jacob Babb, who then published the Morgenrothe, a newspaper with which he subsequently became identified as part proprietor and editor. Later in life he established himself in the lumber business, in which he was quite successful. He was a gentleman of energy and great force of character. In private life he was sociable, generous-hearted, and of agreeable manners. Well informed, he took a keen interest in public aflfairs, and withal conserva- tive in his views of measures and men. He died at Harrisburg on the 16th of June, 1880, aged sixty- five years. Mr. Bigler married Sarah Ann Finley Laird, daughter of Andrew Finley Laird and Mary Shrom, who with five children survive. FREDERICK BOAS. Frederick Boas, son of Rev. William Boas, was born at Reading, Pa., July 3, 1785. His parents were emigrants from Germany and came over with the Muhlenbergs. Frederick learned the trade of a cop- persmith and tin-plate worker at Reading, but com- menced business for himself at Kutztown. He came to Harrisburg in 1811, where he carried on his trade successfully. He was an enterprising citizen, and although quiet and unobtrusive, a representative man in the community. He died at Harrisburg June 13, 1817, aged thirty-one years. Mr. Boas married, May 17, 1811, Elizabeth, daughter of D&yid Krause and Regina Orth, of Lebanon, who survived her husband many years, leaving two children, Frederick Krause and Elmina (Mrs. William Jennings). JACOB BOAS. Jacob Boas, brother of the preceding and son of the Rev. William Boas, was born at Reading, Pa., in 1786. He was brought up to mercantile pursuits and came to Harrisburg in 1805, where he established himself in business. He served as a member of the Borough Council, and was commissioned by Governor Snyder, Feb. 6, 1809, prothonotary and clerk of the Courts of Quarter Sessions, and died while in office, on the 8th of October, 1815. Mr. Boas married Sarah, daughter of Jacob Dick, of Reading. They had five sons, William D., Jacob D., John, Augustus F., and Daniel D. AARON BOMBAUGH. Aaron Bombaugh, son of Abraham Bombaugh and Catharine Reehm, was born Feb. 12, 1803, at Harris- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 467 burg, Pa. He was educated at the private schools of the town, and at the old Academy. He was placed early in youth to the trade of a hatter with Jacob Shoemaker, of Harrisburg, and at his majority went to Philadelphia for instructions as a finisher, and while there became a member of the " Association of Journeymen Hatters," being entered March 2, 1824. He returned to his native town and established him- self in business, which he followed several years, until he was obliged to relinquish it, owing to impaired health, which had been afiected by the dyes used in coloring the felt. He then assumed charge of his father's extensive limestone quarry, conducting that business with marked success. Like his father and grandfather before him, Mr. Bombaugh took a promi- nent part in municipal affairs, and frequently served in the Borough Council. From 1838 to 1844 he served as treasurer of the county of Dauphin, a position he filled eflSciently and acceptably. He was one of the first advocates for the establishment of a lunatic hos- pital by the State for the insane poor of the common- wealth, and greatly aided Miss Dix in her efforts to secure State assistance for the inauguration of those noble charities which have so distinguished Penn- sylvania. He was one of the first trustees of the institution located at Harrisburg. Having several farms near the city, the latter years of his life were passed in their management. He died at Harrisburg on the 13th of December, 1877, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. He was an early Abolitionist, as the anti-slavery men were denominated, a decided anti- Mason in the days of that crusade, and with well-de- fined and positive convictions was ready to encounter any amount of obloquy in their defense. During the Rebellion he devoted his time and means to the care and comfort of the Pennsylvania soldiers in camp and hospital. He was the last survivor of the Unita- rian Society established by the Rev. Mr. Kay, and which, from successive deaths and lack of fresh ac- cessions, melted away many years since. Mr. Bombaugh was twice married, — first, on May 3, 1827, to Mira Lloyd, daughter of Joseph Lloyd, an attorney-at-law, of Philadelphia, born there in 1809, and died Jan. 1, 1853, at Harrisburg, and their chil- dren were Dr. Charles Carroll, now of Baltimore, Md. ; Lavinia, married Gilliard Dock, of Harrisburg; Alexander, d. s. p.; Catharine, married Junius B. Kaufman, a lawyer, of Lancaster, Pa. ; and Julia, married Dr. Grafton, of Baltimore. Of these only Dr. C. C. Bombaugh and Mrs. Kaufman are living. Mr. Bombaugh married, secondly, Julia Duncan, of Duncan's Island, who survives. ABEAHAM BOMBAUGH. Abraham Bombaugh, son of Conrad Bombaugh and Esther Zell, was born in 1770 in Paxtang township, Lancaster (now Dauphin) Co., Pa. He received a fair German education, and Entered mercantile life, subsequently, however, turning his attention to farm- ing. His father, being a man of considerable influ- ence in the young town, gave Abraham prominence, and being a gentleman of energy and activity, apart from his business tact, he was not long in winning his way to popular favor. As early as 1808 he was a member of the Town Council, and for a period of twenty-five years thereafter held a position therein. In 1809 he was chief burgess of the borough, and later on in life, from 1828 to 1831, elected to the same office. He was one of the county commissioners from 1832 to 1835, and for one or two terms was a director of the poor. Mr. Bombaugh died April 23, 1844, at Harris- burg. He married, March 18, 1802, Catharine Reehm, born July 14, 1770, died March 22, 1855. They had Aaron, married Mira Lloyd, of Philadelphia ; Catha- rine, d. s. p. ; and Sarah, married David Hummel. CONRAD BOMBAUGH. Conrad Bombaugh, son of George Bombaugh, was born at Middletown, Pa., about 1750. He was a mill- wright by profession, and established the first mill at Standing Stone, now Huntingdon. About the com- mencement of the Revolution he located at Highspire, and when the county of Dauphin was organized, in 1785, we find him a resident of the new town. He was a prominent citizen of Harrisburg, was the senior burgess of the borough during the Whiskey Insurrec- tion, and signed the address to Gen. Washington on passing through Harrisburg westward. He died in April, 1821, aged seventy-one; married Catharine Zell, and they had one child, Abraham. REV. JACOB BOMBERGER. Jacob Bomberger, son of John Bomberger and Mary Bauman, was born in 1744 in Warwick town- ship, Lancaster Co., Pa. He received the rudiments of a German education, and was brought up on his father's farm. During the Provincial era he served as an officer in the Secoud Battalion of the Pennsyl- vania troops under Gens. Forbes and Bouquet. During the Revolution he was some time in service, but turning his attention to religion he began to study such theological works as were within his reach. After the peace of 1783 he went into the Western country, and for many years missionated among the Indians in the Northwest. During the war of 1812- 14, well advanced in life, he returned to Pennsylva- nia and remained with his friends. He died near Harrisburg, on the 4th of August, 1829, at the age of eighty-five, and was buried in Sherer's burying- ground. The labors of Mr. Bomberger for many years were of that self-sacrificing spirit and devoted- ness which proved that others there were beside the zealous Jesuit and the faithful Moravian, whose re- ligious fervor and Christ-like example stand out as shining lights in the galaxy of the followers of the doctrines and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. 468 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY.- JOHN F. BOWMAN. John F. Bowman was born in Lancaster County, Pa., May 10, 1771. His father was a farmer, residing on Pequa Creek, not far from Strasburg. John F. was brought up as a millwright, but subsequently entered mercantile pursuits. In 1809 he removed to Halifax, where he was a merchant from that period to 1830, when, believing a larger sphere of trade was opened for him, he went to Millersburg, where he successfully continued in business until his death, which occurred on the 6th of November, 1835. Mr. Bowman first married, in 1794, a daughter of Isaac Ferree, whose farm adjoined that of his father. By this marriage they had the following children : Eliza, Maria, George, and Josiah (married Elizabeth Rutter). Mr. Bowman married, secondly, in 1805, Frances Crossen, daughter of John Crossen. They had issue as follows: John J. (married Margaret Sallade), Levi, Louisa, Isaac, Mary E. (married Rev. C. W. Jackson), Lucinda (married Dr. Hiram Rutherford), Jacob, Emeline, and Benjamin. His second wife, Frances Crossen, born Aug. 13, 1786; died Sept. 30, 1846, and lies interred beside her husband in the old Methodist graveyard at Millersburg. John F. Bowman was one of the representative men of the "Upper End," enjoyed a reputation for up- rightness and honesty, and highly esteemed by those who knew him. Genial, yet quiet and unobtrusive, he never sought or would accept any local or public oflBce. CAPT. ADAM BOYD. Adam Boyd, the son of John Boyd and Elizabeth Young, was a native of Northampton County, Pa., born in 1746. His ancestors were of that sturdy and fearless race who, after winning religious liberty at home, braved the perils of the ocean and a life in the wilds of America, that they might establish civil and religious freedom in the New World. " In the tenth of Queen Anne," John Boyd and a younger brother. Rev. Adam Boyd, sons of Rev. Adam Boyd, Sr., left Scotland and landed at Philadelphia. John married there the year following, Jane Craig, daughter of Thomas Craig, and subsequently became (1728) one of the first immigrants to the "Irish Settlement," now Northampton County. His son, John, born in Phila- delphia in 1716, married, in 1744, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Young, "an Ulster baronet." Their eldest son was Adam Boyd, the subject of this sketch. He learned the trade of a carpenter, and was fol- lowing that avocation when the war of the Revolu- tion called to arms. He was an early associator, and when the State of Pennsylvania had formed its little navy for the protection of the ports on the Delaware, ' Lieut. Boyd received a commission therein. During the year 1776, and the early part of 1777, he was most of the time in command of the armed sloop "Burke," and rendered efficient service in the conflict between the Pennsylvania navy and the British ships "Roe- buck" and " Liverpool" in May, 1776. Growing tired of that branch of the service, Lieut. Boyd re- quested to be discharged, that he might volunteer in the land forces. Being honorably dismissed the navy, he at once entered the army proper, holding the same rank therein. He was at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, with two of his brothers, one of whom was killed in the latter engagement. Subse- quently, Lieut. Boyd acted as " master of wagons," and as such remained with the army until after the surrender at Yorktown. Returning to the home of his mother, near New- ville, he married and came to Harrisburg. While passing through Harris' P'erry, in the spring of 1782, Mr. Boyd was struck with the immense advantages offered by the location of the proposed town, and subsequently purchased of the proprietor a lot on the corner of Second and Mulberry Streets. In 1784 he became a permanent resident. The dwelling-house erected by him in 1792. on lots 210 and 212 of the original plan of the borough, on Second below Mul- berry, is yet in the ownership of his descendants. Upon the incorporation of the borough of Harris- burg, in 1791, he was chosen a burgess, Dr. John Luther being the other. In 1792 he was elected ti easurer of the county, and held the office until 1806, when he declined a re-election. In 1809, Mr. Boyd was elected a director of the poor, and during his term of office the county poor-house and -mill were erected. Mr. Boyd died on the 14th of May, 1814 ; was in- terred in the Presbyterian graveyard, but subse- quently his remains were removed to the Harrisburg cemetery. In private trusts Mr. Boyd was very frequently em- ployed. His correspondence and accounts show pre- cision and method, particularly the case with which he managed the estate of the younger William Maclay. In person he *as five feet eight inches in height, a stout, healthy, florid man, dark brown hair and eyes. At fifty-two years of age he had no gray hairs. He is rated on the "Mill Purchase" at £23 2s., being the fourth highest assessment upon that curious record. Mr. Boyd married, in 1784, Jeannette Macfarlane, of Big Spring, Cumberland County, daughter of Pat- rick and granddaughter of James Macfarlane, who came from Ireland to Pennsylvania in 1717. Mrs. Boyd died in early life at Harrisburg, leaving one child, a daughter Rosanna, who married Hugh Ham- ilton in 1807. This estimable lady lived until 1872, when she died, the oldest inhabitant of Harrisburg, having been born here in 1786. GEORGE BOYBR. George Boyer, son of George Boyer (1760-1814) and Anna Maria (1760-1831), was born Sept. 16, 1781, near Shaefferstown, Lebanon Co., Pa. He received a limited education, lea'rned the trade of a tanner, and for a number of years carried on that enterprise at BIOGEAPHICAL HISTORY. 469 Harrisburg, where his father was " an early inhabi- tant." For a long time he kept the " Golden Lamb," a favorite hostelry in its day at the corner of Second and Locust Streets, which his father had established as early as 1792. Mr. Boyer was quite prominent in political affairs, served frequently in the old Borough •Council, and was elected auditor of the county in 1827, serving three years. He was an energetic citi- zen, and popular. He died at Harrisburg Feb. 9, 1839, in his fifty-eighth year. Mr. Boyer was twice married, his first wife, Mary, born Oct. 6, 1786 ; died Dec. 10, 1808 ; his second wife, Mary, born Oct. 12, 1782 ; died Aug. 2, 1858. JOHN H. BMGGS. John Hanna Briggs, son of Joseph Briggs and Caroline E. Hanna, was born in 1815, at Silver Spring, Cumberland Co., Pa. His ancestors were of English descent, and early settlers in Pennsylvania. He received a classical education, and was a graduate of Rutgers College, New Jersey. Returning to Har- risburg, where his parents had made their home, he began the study of law with James McCormick, then one of the leading lawyers at the capital, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar April 18, 1837, and at once entered upon a successful practice of his profession. Mr. Briggs took a prominent interest in municipal affairs, was nine years a member of Bor- ough Council, of which body he was eight years pres- ident. He was a director of the old Harrisburg Bank, of the Harrisburg Bridge Company, and pres- ident of the First National Bank of Harrisburg at the time of his' death, which took place March 29, 1872, in the fifty-seventh year of his age. " He had gained," says Rev. Dr. Robinson, " the reputation of a wise and able counselor, and an untarnished name. He was a most upright citizen, useful, patriotic, and public-spirited. He was a true friend, generous and forbearing. His social qualities and gentlemanly bearing surrounding him with friends." Mr. Briggs married Juliann Tod, daughter of Judge John Tod and Mary R. Hanna. phin and Lebanon, which was in active service in Canada. At the close of that arduous campaign he was transferred to the Third Regiment of the Penn- sylvania Line, resigning in July, 1777. He subse- quently returned to the service, and remained almost to the close of the Revolution, when he returned to his farm near " Bird-in-Hand," Lancaster County, and was appointed collector of military fines. He was, however, too kind-hearted to oppress the delin- quents, consequently he became responsible to the government for the amount, which resulted in Capt. Brisban becoming poor and penniless. All the papers pertaining to his military services were sent to Wash- ington for the purpose of securing a pension, but un- fortunately lost. Capt. Brisban was twice married, and left issue by both. He died at the residence of his son-in-law, Samuel Rutherford, near Harris- burg, Pa., March 13, 1822, aged ninety-one years. He lies buried in Paxtang Church graveyard. Capt. Brisban was an ardent patriot, and a gentleman of generous impulses. He lived an eventful life, and died at a ripe old age, honored and respected by his fellow-citizens. CAPT". JOHN BKISBAN. John Brisban, a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, was born Dec. 25, 1730. With an elder brother he came to America at the outset of the French and Indian war. He was a soldier in that sanguinary struggle for French supremacy in America, and held a lieutenant's commission in the English army. He was a part of the time in Canada, and was with Gen. Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham. For those services he received a grant from George III. of two thousand acres of land in Virginia. He subsequently settled in Lancaster County. He early espoused the cause of the Colonies, and receiving a commission as captain in the Second (Col. St. Clair's) Pennsylvania Battalion, Jan. 5, 1776, raised a company mostly in the upper part of then Lancaster County, now Dau- MERCBR BROWN, M.D. Mercer Brown was born near Westchester, Chester Co., Pa., April 22, 1795. After receiving a thorough academic education, he began the study of medicine under Dr. King, of Columbia. He graduated in 1816, and located at McCall's Ferry, at which point many persons at that time were being employed in the erection of the bridge over the Susquehanna, numbers of whom had been attacked by severe sickness. He subsequently removed to Wrightsville, where he re- mained several years, when he located in Middletown, and, until his death, which took place Feb. 19, 1871, he was regarded as the head of the medical profession there. Dr. Brown was long a prominent actor in local and State politics. He was a candidate for Congress at one time, but, his party being in the minority in the district, he was defeated. As a citizen he was highly respected and beloved. Dr. Brown married Rebecca Wolfly, daughter of Jacob Wolfly, an early settler at Middletown. She died April 2, 1861. PETER BRUA. Peter Brua, the son of John Peter Brua, was a na- tive of Berks County, Pa., where he was born in 1771. He learned the trade of a carpenter, and came to Harrisburg about 1792. He served as director of the poor from 1818 to 1821; was a member of the Borough Council in 1824, 1826, and 1829 ; commis- sioned county treasurer Jan. 7, 1824, and was one of the county commissioners from 1827 to 1829. While in the latter office he was a prime mover in establish- ing the Lancasterian system of education, which pre- ceded that of the common schools. Mr. Brua was a gentleman of sound practical sense, honest and up- right, and highly honored in the community. He 470 HISTORY or DAUPHIN COUNTY. died at Harrisburg on the 1st of January, 1842, in his seventy-first year. He married Catharine Rupley, of Cumberland County, Pa., who died on the 19th of January, 1833, aged sixty years. They had six chil- dren, — Margaret, married Hon. Simon Cameron ; Lu- cetta, married Jacob Hoyer ; Mary, married Isaac McCord ; Catharine, married Andrew Keefer ; Jacob, who went as private in the Cameron Guards to Mexico, and died at Tampico, a few hours after receiving his commission as a lieutenant in the United States army ; and John Peter, who was a paymaster during the late civil war and now on the retired list of the United States army. JOHN JACOB BUCHBR. John Jacob Buoher, born Jan. 1, 1764, was the eldest child of Eev. John Conrad Bucher, an officer of the Provincial service, and stationed at Carlisle. The father had been successively promoted from ensign to lieutenant, adjutant, and captain ; but finally exchanging the military for the ecclesiastical, he became chaplain. In 1768 the father resigned and moved to Lebanon, Pa., where he accepted the pastor- ship of the German Reformed congregation. Here, at the age of fourteen, Jacob Bucher began to learn the trade of a hatter with Michael Krebbs, father of the distinguished Rev. John M. Krebbs, lately of New York City. Whatever of education Jacob obtained must have been derived from his accomplished father, and by self-tuition, a-s evidenced by his " copy-"book," still preserved and now ninety-six years old ! After his freedom from apprenticeship he visited some maternal uncles " out West." Starting on his trip via. Harrisburg, in 1785, John Harris wanted him, as a hat-maker, to locate in his " town,'' which was as yet no town. Jacob, not being able to see it, went his way, and during his sojourn attended an Indian council on the spot where Cincinnati stands to-day. Having the ague during three out of four years on the lower Ohio, he returned to Lebanon in 1789. But his paternal relatives at Shaffhausen, Switzer- land, induced him to visit them, and off he went by packet from Philadelphia to Amsterdam. He was absent about a year, and returning, located at Har- risburg. In March, 1792, Jacob married Susannah Horter, a maiden scarce eighteen, and he built the house No. 103 South Front Street as a home. His hatter-shop stood at No. 3, near Market Street. About 1804 he moved to the corner building, which the Bucher family still occupies, after three-fourths of a century, a longer time perhaps than any other continuous residence in the town. Jacob Bucher had two sons, the late Judge John Conrad, of Harrisburg, and Hon. George H., now residing at Mechanicsburg. His daughters married, respectively, William Ayres, Esq., of Har- ri.sburg; Robert Allen, Esq., of Philadelphia; Hon. Joseph Lawrence, of Washington Co., Pa. ; and Robert Bryson, Esq., now of Harrisburg. The public life of Jacob Bucher began with his election as coroner in 1796 ; appointed by Governor Mifflin a justice of the peace in 1798; elected to the House of Representatives in 1803, and re-elected for the sessions of 1805-6 and 1807-8. In 1810 he was appointed chairman of the commission to erect the State buildings, preparatory to removal of the capital from Lancaster to Harrisburg. Edward Crouch, of Dauphin County, and John Dorsey, of Philadelphia, were his coadjutors, but he being the resident com- missioner, the bulk of superintendence naturally de- volved upon him. In 1812 he was nominated by the Democratic party for Congress, but the Federalists carried the district. He was sent again to the Legislature in 1814 and the session following. In 1818, Governor Findlay appointed him an asso- ciate judge for Dauphin County, which position he held nine years, until his death, Oct. 16, 1827, aged nearly sixty-four. It is a coincidence worth noting that his son, John Conrad, occupied the same office also for twelve years prior to his death, Oct. 21, 1852. The trusts which Jacob Bucher filled of a more private character were those which designate him as a man enjoying the confidence of his fellow-citizens, and in the church a member above reproach. From his judicious management of the State buildings, or some other reason, he became the common treasurer or financier of the town. * HON. JOHN C. BUCHER. John Conrad Bucher, the son of Jacob Bucher and Susannah Horter, was born at Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 28, 1792. He bore the ancestral name of his father's family. He received such an education as the schools of the town afforded, and entered practical life in 1813, as a clerk in the old ''Land Department" of Pennsylvania, under Gen. Andrew Porter and Rich- ard T. Leech. In 1830 he was elected to the Twenty- second Congress from the district comprising Dau- phin and Lebanon. In 1839 he was appointed by Governor Porter an associate judge of the' county of Dauphin, which position he held for twelve years. He frequently served as a member of the Borough Council, and was a school director from the adoption of the common-school system until the day of his death. Few men have taken warmer and deeper in- terest in educational matters. He was also a trustee of the Harrisburg Academy, of (then) Franklin Col- lege at Lancaster, and of Marshall College at Mer- cersburg, and of the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church. In the German Reformed Church, among the " fathers" of which his grandfather, the Eev. John Conrad Bucher, of Lebanon, was a distin- guished minister, he was regarded as a devout and conspicuous man. He was well known in its ecclesi- astical councils, having been frequently a member of Classis and Synod, where he took the lead among the laymen in debate, and was treasurer of the Board of '-'V'b^■Al^ RUxhie — t BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 471 Domestic Missions, and of the Theological Seminary. For a long period he was an active member of the executive committee of the Harrisburg Bible Society, and president of the association at the time of his death. In private life he was amiable, "given to hospitality," and eminently just. His death was very sudden, having been found dead in bed on Sabbath morning, October 26, 1861, and occurred in his fifty- ninth year, just after returning from a church-meet- ing at Lancaster. Judge Buoher married, Jan. 17, 1820, Eleanor, daughter of Jacob Isett, of Huntingdon County, Pa., who survived her husband thirty years, dying at Harrisburg, March 6, 1881, at the age of eighty-three. They had John C, Susan (married Alexander Eay, of Washington City), Eleanor, and Eliza (married Eichard H. Hummel). Mrs. Eay and Mrs. Hummel, both widows, alone survive. GEORGE BUBHLBU. George Buehler, the son of Henry Buehler, a sol- dier of the Eevolution, and Jane Trotter, was born near the town of Lebanon, Pa., in July, 1776. His parents were Moravians ; they lie buried in Mount Hebron burying-ground, and were lifelong members of old Hebron Church. George received a good Eng- lish and German education at the celebrated Mora- vian school at Litiz, and was subsequently brought up to mercantile pursuits. He was commissioned by Governor Mifflin justice of the peace for Lebanon township Dec. 3, 1799. The year following, under the auspices of the Harrisburg and Presqu' Isle Land Company, he removed to Erie, and was appointed in August, 1801, by President Jefferson, collector of the Eighteenth Collection District of Pennsylvania. Mr. Buehler took a prominent part in the affairs con- nected with the early organization of Erie County. At his residence, on the 2d of April, 1803, that county was organized for judicial purposes. He was a mem- ber of the first Council of the town of Erie in 1806, and in 180i and 1809 was borough burgess. He was one of the first to aid in developing the Lake Erie trade, foreseeing at that early day the advantages of that magnificent port on the lakes. In 1811-12 he was a member of the Erie Light Infantry, Oapt. Fors- ter, which was in active service during a portion of that period. In 1813, owing probably to the war troubles on the frontiers, he came to Harrisburg and took charge of the " Golden Eagle." He died at Harrisburg on the 5th of August, 1816, aged forty years. Mr. Buehler married previous to removing to Erie, Maria, daughter of Peter Nagle, of Eeading. She was born Dec. 25, 1779, and died at Harris- burg July 27, 1843 ; a lady of great amiability of char- acter. Mr. Buehler was a man of sterling integrity, and his brief life was one of activity, enterprise, and industry. At Erie he stood high in the esteem of its citizens, and at Harrisburg his appreciation was none the less. WILLIAM BUEHLER. William Buehler, son of George Buehler and Maria Nagle, was born in 1808, at Erie, Pa. His father removed from Erie to Harrisburg in 1813, and died at the latter place in 1816. When a young man, the son went to Chambersburg, where he learned the mer- cantile trade. He subsequently removed to Philadel- phia, where he was engaged as a merchant in the hardware business. He returned to Harrisburg about December, 1848, and took charge of the Buehler House, which had been conducted by the family since 1813. Here he remained several years, when he embarked in the insurance business, then comparatively in its in- fancy, and became State agent for the insurance com- pany of North America. The result was the establish- ment of one of the largest insurance departments in the. State, successfully and reliably carried on until his death. It was not alone in the business walks of life that Mr. Buehler was widely known and esteemed. For many years he was a prominent and active mem- ber of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; was warden of St. Stephen's Church, and the superintendent of its Sunday-school for a long period. He represented his church in the different dioceses to which he be- longed, and took an earnest part in all questions that arose therein relating to the extension and prosperity of the church. From the organization of the diocese of Central Pennsylvania until his decease, he had been the treasuret thereof, a most responsible posi- tion, and by his good judgment, liberality, and kind- ness, did much to advance the financial interests of the new diocese. He was identified with the success- ful establishment of the Home for the Friendless, and was a member and officer of the Harrisburg Be- nevolent Society, which has done so much to relieve the poor and needy of the city. In every organized effort for public charity he took an active part, con- tributing and counseling, and working with his own hands to promote good works in others. But his individual charities were the most characteristic of the man, for it was by these that " he established for himself a brotherhood with men which made his name blessed among them." He died suddenly at Harris- burg on Sunday morning, June 12, 1881, aged seventy- three years. Mr. Buehler married May 17, 1881, at Chambersburg, Pa., Henrietta E. Snyder, who sur- vives. Their children were Anna (married Eobert A_. Lamberton, LL.D., president of Lehigh University), Elizabeth (married, first, Charles Hammond, second, H. Stanly Goodwin), Catharine (married Capt. George Eamsey, United States Army), Dr. Henry B., Wil- liam, and Edward. COL. JAMES BURD. James Burd, a Scot, was born at Ormiston, near Edinburgh, in 1726, son of Edward. He came to Philadelphia in 1747, married, 1748, Sarah, daughter of Edward Shippen, born 1730. Both died at Tinian, nearMiddletown, in Dauphin County, Pa. (Col. Burd 472 HISTOEY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. in 1793, Mrs. Burd in 1784), and are buried in the graveyard at Middletown. Col. Burd resided from 1750 to 1753 at Shippensburg, as manager of the affairs of Mr. Shippen. About 1755 he came to Tinian, where he resided until his death. He en- tered the Provincial service (1755) as a commissioner with George Croghan, William Buchanan, and Adam Hoopes to lay out a road from " Harris' Ferry to the Ohio." He was then a captain ; he is soon heard of as major, then lieutenant-colonel, and colonel in 1760. As there were but two regiments in service, his rank was a very prominent one. He fulfilled with great uprightness and punctuality all the public duties with which he was intrusted for quite twenty years. Then the stirring days of the Revolution came, and with, it disaster to Burd as a public man. He seems to have entered heartily into the contest, but just when such experience aa he had acquired would have been of the highest benefit, an unfortunate dispute about rank occurred; that, with insubordination in his command, and some criticism in the " Committee of Safety," caused him to resign his civil and military employments. His sons and son-in-law were g(^d patriots, and a pretty thorough examination of the hasty conduct of Burd convinces us that he was, not- withstanding this affair, in accord with the leading patriots with whom he was surrounded. He was a man of fine form, hardy and healthy, an advanced and prosperous farmer, hospitable in his intercourse with his neighbors, and respected for his integrity as a civil oflBicer from 1785, when Dauphin County was formed, until his death, in 1793. He died holding position as one of the county judges. MICHAEL BURKE. Michael Burke was born on the 29th of September, 1797, in Templetrathen, County Tipperary, Ireland. Having received a limited education, he left his native land in his eighteenth year for Newfoundland, where an uncle was extensively engaged in the fisheries off that coast. There he remained only a brief period, being eager to reach the United States. His first destination was Lockport, N. Y., where he secured a position as book-keeper for a prominent contractor. He here gained his first idea of a business which he subsequently successfully followed. In 1824 he se- cured a contract on the Erie Canal, and upon its completion went to Akron, Ohio, to construct a sec- tion of the canal at that place. From thence he came to Pennsylvania, this State being largely en- gaged in perfecting her system of internal improve- ments, and a wide field for Mr. Burke's business ener- gies was open before him. Securing the contract for that portion of the Juniata division of the Pennsyl- vania Canal between Mexico and Lewistown in 1829, he fixed his permanent home at Harrisburg. Identi- fying himself with the business and welfare of the town of his adoption, he was chosen to the Borough Council, and in the establishment of the first system of water-works took an active and warm interest. During a portion of this period he was president of the legislative body of the town, and on several oc- casions became personally responsible for the pay- ment of loans secured for the construction of the water-works. Upon the completion of the through transportation to Pittsburgh by the Pennsylvania Canal, Mr. Burke, with several others, commenced a packet-line from Philadelphia to the former place, he having his office at Harrisburg. He also became interested in the Portable Line, in which enterprise, however, he sustained a loss of thirty-five thousand dollars ; but not discouraged, he continued in other business ventures. The first or pioneer blast-furnace erected at Harrisburg was by Mr. Burke and Governor Porter. It was erected along the line of the Penn- sylvania Canal above State Street. While in success- ful operation several years, Mr. Burke withdrew from the firm, owing to his connection with several con- tracts on the various railroads then building in the State. He constructed portions of the Pennsylvania road between Harrisburg and Pittsburgh, and on the Northern Central between Harrisburg and York. He had contracts in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, and was also engaged in the construction of reservoirs, building one at Baltimore, Md., in 1860, and was en- gaged in the erection of one in Washington City at the time of his death. He died at Harrisburg on the 15th of August, 1864, in his sixty-seventh year. Few men have exhibited more public spirit than Mr. Burke, and during his entire residence at Harrisburg he was held in the highest esteem by his fellow-citizens, who admired his energy and remarkable business capacity. To those who knew him best he was kind, obliging, genial, and noble-hearted. Mr. Burke married, on April 6, 1824, Mary A. Finley, of Lockport, N. Y., who survives. Their children have been: William (deceased), John Mi- chael (deceased), George Washington, Josephine (married James Brady, second), Martin* (married Edward P. Kearns), and Regina. WILLIAM CALDER, Sk. William Calder, eldest child of John Calder and Naomi Norris, was born in Belair, Harford Co., Md., July 24, 1788. The father was a native of Scot- land. William remained oh the farm of his parents in Harford County until he was of age, when he re- moved to Baltimore, and soon thereafter to Lancaster, Pa. When the seat of government was removed from Lancaster to Harrisburg he came to the latter place, and resided there up to the time of his death. In 1817 he married Mary Kirkwood, who was born in Armagh, Ireland, of Scotch-Irish parents; and emi- grated to this country when seven years of age. Their children were John, Mary (wife of Wells Coverly), William, Matilda (wife of Charles A. Keller), and James. His wife died in 1858, and in 1860 he married Margaret C. Walmer, of Dauphin County, by whom /^■7//./JMvnc^ ^lii-^'^-g BIOGEAPHICAL HISTORY. 473 he had no issue. He died March 5, 1861, and of his children none now survive him except the youngest, Eev. James Calder, D.D., of Harrisburg. Immediately upon leaving Harford County, Mr. Calder became interested in lines of stage-coaches and the United States mail service, and for fifty years this was his chief business. TTp to the time of the sale of the public works of Pennsylvania he was as- sociated with Alexander Wilson, of Lewistown, Jacob Peters, of Philadelphia, Silas Moore, of Hollidays- burg, and other gentlemen in the " Pioneer," " Good Intent,'' and " Express" companies for the transpor- tation of passengers and mails by cars and canal packet-boats. He never lost his fondness for farming and live-stock, and maintained several of the most fertile farms in Dauphin County. Enterprises for the development of the resources of the country and par- ticularly the business of Harrisburg received his support. He built many houses, favored the intro- duction of manufactures, and at the time of his death possessed an ample fortune. * WILLIAM CALDER. John Calder (1749-1806) resided near Belair, Md. His eldest son, William (1788-1861), married Mary Kirkwood (1790-1858), who bore him children: John, Mary (wife of Wells Ooverly, proprietor of the Coverly House, Harrisburg), William (subject of this sketch), Matilda (wife of Charles Keller), and Eev. James Calder (the youngest surviving in 1882). William Calder was born July 31, 1821, and died July 19, 1880. He had limited education from books, being inducted into the stage-line business at the age of twelve years. At the age of sixteen his father put him in charge of the Philadelphia Packet Line from Columbia to Pittsburgh. In 1851 he assumed the management of his father's business, and in 1857 undertook the completion of the Lebanon Valley Eaiiroad. In 1858 he became a member of the well- known banking firm of Cameron, Calder, Eby & Co., which afterwards became the First National Bank, of Harrisburg, of which Mr. Calder was chosen presi- dent. The same year he was elected a director of the Northern Central Eailway, and was active in pre- serving Pennsylvania's interests in that corporation. At the breaking out of the rebellion he rendered the goverment important service through his large knowl- edge in the purchase of horses, and supplied the government with no less than forty-two thousand horses and sixty-seven thousand mules, establishing the price ($125 and $117.50) so low as to effect a very great saving to the government in this department. Mr. Calder was always foremost in the promotion . of Harrisburg's industrial enterprises. He was one of the founders of the Harrisburg Car-Works, the Lochiel Eoliing-Mills, the Harrisburg Cotton-Mills, Foundry and Machine- Works, the Fire-Brick Works, and the Pennsylvania Steel-Works. In 1873 he was commissioned by Governor Hartranft a trustee of the Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, and reappointed in 1876. In 1876 he was appointed by the same Governor a member of the commission to devise a plan for the government of cities, and in 1880, just prior to his death, he was elected a director of the Pennsylvania Institute for the Deaf and Dumb. For many years he ably officiated in the management of city affairs through its Councils. He was among the founders of the Harrisburg Hospital and the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he was an at- tendant. He was formerly a Whig, latterly a Re- publican, and influential in local and State politics, and one of the Presidential electors from this State in 1876. Upon the occasion of President Lincoln's visit to Harrisburg, when a plot was laid to assassinate him on his return to Baltimore, Mr. Calder was selected to escort him safely to take another train from the one intended at first, and thus his enemies' designs were thwarted. His widow is Regina Camilla, daugh- ter of Jacob and Catherine (Krause) Greenawalt. Their children are Edmund Kirkwood (died Dec. 31, 1862, aged thirteen years), William Jacob, Catharine Krause, Theodore Greenawalt, Regina, and Mary Kirkwood Calder. * MAJOR BRUA CAMERON. William Bma Cameron, son of Simon Cameron and Margaret Brua, was born Aug. 1, 1826, at Har- risburg, Pa. He received a classical education, and graduated at Princeton College in 1847, studied law with James McCormick, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar Jan. 23, 1849. He located at Middletown, managing certain business enterprises of his father. He was appointed major and paymas- ter in the United States army May 1, 1861 ; retired the 4th of November, 1863, on account of impaired health. Maj. Cameron died at Middletown, Jan. 13, 1864, and is buried in the cemetery at that place. He married, Oct. 18, 1852, Elizabeth Bastedo, daugh- ter of Gilbert and Marian Bastedo, of Nelson, Prov- ince of Ontario, Canada. Mrs. Cameron, while on a visit to her old home in Canada, took ill, and died there in 1870. They had issue, — Marian Bastedo, married David Watts ; Simon Brua, d. s. p. ; and Janet. JOHN CAMERON. John Cameron, son of Charles Cameron and Mar- tha Pfoutz, was born Feb. 8, 1797, in the village of Maytown, Lancaster Co., Pa. He received the or- dinary education of the public schools of the town, and at an early age apprenticed to the trade of a tailor. He came to Harrisburg in 1816, where he started in business. Governor Shulze appointed him register and recorder of the county of Dauphin, Jan. 17, 1824. He was frequently chosen member of the Borough Council of Harrisburg. He subsequently en- 474 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. gaged in merchandising, dealt largely in cattle, and became Interested in the through stage lines. In 1837 he removed to Lancaster, retired from business, and died there May 7, 1841 ; buried at Harrisburg. Mr. Cameron was twice married, — first, to Catharine Hutman, daughter of Matthias Hutman, of Harris- burg, born Sept. 1, 1796, died Nov. 1, 1821 ; secondly, to Mary Shuize, of Myerstown, Lebanon Co., a sister of Governor John Andrew Shuize. He left a son and a daughter; the former died early, the latter be- came the wife of Dr. Muhlenberg, of Lancaster. Mr. Cameron was quiet and unobtrusive, an intelligent and enterprising business man. JOHN CAESON. John Carson, the son of John Carson and Sarah Dickey, was a native of Paxtang, born in 1758. His father was a settler on the Susquehanna as early as 1733, kept a store, and was a captain on the frontier in 1755-57. His mother was a daughter of Moses Dickey, who was quite prominent in pioneer times. He received a frontier education, which, among the Scotch-Irish settlers, was thorough, and was raised up on his father's farm. He was an early associator, and an officer during the Jersey campaign of 1776. From 1786 to 1791 he served as a member of the Assembly. Under the Constitution of 1790 he was commissioned an associate judge of the county, Aug. 17, 1791, an office which he filled acceptably and creditably until his sudden death from apoplexy on Friday, Oct. 10, 1817. His wife, Sarah Dickey, born in 1760, died March 2, 1823. ■ JONATHAN CHANDLER. Jonathan Chandler was born in Beaver Valley, New Castle Co., Del., about eight miles from the city of Wilmington, in 1792. He was one of the sons of Jehu Harlin Chandler. His ancestors were Quakers, who came from England shortly after the arrival of William Penn, and settled in that part of Delaware and in the lower part of Chester County, Pa. The family became so prominently identified with Beaver Valley that in the early times it was known as Chan- dler's Hollow. Jonathan Chandler received the or- dinary education within his reach in those primitive days. When quite a young man he left his Beaver Valley home and settled in the upper end of Chester County, near Sadsburyville, and carried on quite ex- tensively for those days the business of blacksmith- ing, which he had learned in Delaware. On the 1st day of June, 1819, while living in Chester County, he married Mary Griffith, who was born at the Trappe, in Montgomery County, Pa., in 1793, but came to Chester County when a young woman. Mr. Chan- dler removed from Chester County to Harrisburg, arriving on the 11th day of August, 1828. Here he continued his business for some years, and became quite prominent in it in the preparation of iron used in the construction of locks and bridges on the Penn- sylvania Canal, and in connection with the famous stage-lines of Slaymaker & Co. and the Good Intent Packet Line. His wife, Mary Griffith Chandler, died in Harrisburg on the 29th of July, 1837. In 1839 he married Julia Ann Mowrer, who had been reared in the family of George Prince. She was born in Sunbury, Northumberland Co., and died in Harrisburg, July 22, 1882. Jonathan Chandler died in Harrisburg, Jan. 6, 1847. His children by the first marriage were Benjamin Franklin, Jehu Harlin, Rachel Ann, Ellen Louisa, and William Griffith ; by the second, Mary Elizabeth, Sarah, George Prince, and Julia Ann. Mr. Chandler took much interest in all that pertained to the prosperity and welfare of Harrisburg during his life here, was a man of fine social qualities and liberal views. COL. ROBERT CLARK. Robert Clark, son of Charles Clark and Ann Brown- field, was born Jan. 2, 1740, in Derry, Lancaster (now Londonderry) township, Dauphin Co. His father was one of the first settlers in the " Barrens of Derry," his first warrant bearing date April 3, 1^34, for two hundred acres. In 1765 his wife, Ann Brownfield Clark, having died, 12th of April of that year he divided his land between his sons, Robert and Wal- ter, and died a few years thereafter. Robert was brought up as a farmer, receiving the limited educa- tion of frontier times. During the French and In- dian wars he was in active service, both as a private and an officer. He was with Col. Clayton on his march to Wyoming, and with Col. Bouquet in 1764. When the thunders of the Revolution rolled from the eastward he entered heartily into the contest. On the 11th of August, 1776, he was commissioned captain in the Flying Camp, and was in the Jersey campaign of that year. He was commissioned sub- lieutenant of Lancaster County, April 26, 1780, and May 4, 1781, appointed one of the auditors for paying the depreciation certificates at Lebanon. During the entire struggle for independence Col. Clark was ac- tive, energetic, and patriotic. He represented the county of Dauphin in the Assembly of the State from 1785 to 1788, having previously represented the county of Lancaster, when he declined a re-election. During the organization of the militia, after the Rev- olutiou, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Fourth Battalion of Dauphin County. About 1795 he removed to Chillisquaque, Northumberland Co., Pa. Although well up in years, his military ardor seems to have remained, and he was commissioned Aug. 2, 1800, captain of the Second Troop of cavalry, Second Brigade, Ninth Division, composed of the counties of Northumberland, Lycoming, and Lu- zerne. He died at Chillisquaque, Jan. 23, 1821, at the age of eighty-one years. Col. Clark's life was a long and eventful one, and he witnessed many changes in the affairs of the State and nation, and BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 475 in which he had performed a prominent part. He was a man of influence in his native county, and his pious walk and conversation was none the less re- markable. He was one of the elders of Old Derry Church, an humble and consistent Christian. Col. Clark married, Aug. 20, 1765,. Sarah Hutchison, born June 7, 1745, in Derry, died Aug. 19, 1820, daughter of John Hutchison, who died Sept. 6, 1765. Their children were, as taken from the family record in Col: Clark's own handwriting, — " Charles Clark, our first born, was born Aug. 3, 1766. "Our twin children were born July 6, 1768; one died when twenty-two hours old, and the other, Mar- garet, died Sept. 4, 1768. "Our daughter, Ann, was born Oct. 3, 1769. "Our daughter, Mary, was born Oct. 17, 1772, and died Feb. 4, 1773. " Our daughter, Margaret, was born Dec. 26, 1773. "Our son, John, was born June 6, 1776. " Our son, Robert, was born Sept. 28, 1778. " Our daughter, Mary, was born Sunday, March 25, 1781. " Our daughter, Sarah, was born Feb. 9, 1786." The remains of Col. Clark and his wife lie in Derry graveyard, now Montour County, Pa. PHILIP CLINE. Philip Cline, son of Philip Kline, was born in the Dis- trict of Northern Liberties, Philadelphia, on the 14th of July, 1780. Receiving a preliminary English educa- tion in the schools of the city, he learned the trade of brick-maker, and located at Harrisburg about the year 1803, where he established brick-works and a pottery. Most of the brick used in the State capitol were fur- nished by him. During the second war with England he served as first lieutenant in Capt. Richard Knight's company, and on the latter's resignation at Baltimore was promoted to captain. For almost thirty years Capt. Cline filled the position of high constable of the borough of Harrisburg. He was a man of influence, and highly respected by his fellow-citizens. He died in the year 1850. Capt. Cline married about 1803, Hannah, daughter of Patrick "Walters, a wagon- master in the Continental army of the Revolution. She died at Harrisburg, Aug, 18, 1830. CAPT. JAMES COLLIER. James Collier was born of Scotch-Irish parents, in what is now Swatara township, Dauphin Co., April 20, 1752, on the farm adjoining the village of Church- ville on the east. He began his military career in 1776, as first lieutenant of Capt. John Reed's com- pany of the "Flying Camp," was employed in many of the skirmishes around New York and up the Hud- son ; was at the battle of Long Island, and among those who covered the retreat. For bravery in this campaign he received a captain's commission, and for meritorious conduct at the battle of Brandywine, Gen. Lafayette presented him with a sword and epaulets. During the last years of the war Capt. Collier was em- ployed principally on the frontiers against the Indians, and achieved distinction as an Indian-fighter. In 1778 he built Fort Muncy, near which one of his soldiers, Peter Boal, lost his scalp, but survived the injury. Upon the return of peace, Capt. Collier re- tired to his farm, and was known as a quiet, peace- loving citizen. He was, however, in common with every other patriot of his day, a genuine hater of Tories. His feelings in this respect were the more bitter on account of the Tories of North Carolina having for years sought the life of his brother, Col. John Collier, who lived in that State and was an oflicer in the army. Failing in their attempts upon his life, they destroyed his property and burned his house. One of the leading spirits in this outrage was one Lytle, who had formerly been a resident of Paxtang, but had removed to North Carolina shortly before the war. Against this man Capt. Collier felt peculiarly aggrieved, and had frequently been heard to declare that if ever he "laid eyes on the rascal he would chastise him severely." One Sunday morning, some years after the war, the captain was sitting in his pew at Paxtang Church, awaiting the opening of the morn- ing service, when a stranger entered, whom Collier immediately recognized to be Lytle the Tory. He was on a visit to some friends at Middletown and ac- companied them to church. The sacredness of the place protected him for the time being, but when the congregation was dismissed the captain quietly pro- vided himself with a stout section of a grape-vine, which he put to soak in a neighboring spring. At the conclusion of the afternoon service, when the con- gregation was about to separate. Collier armed himself with his grape-vine and rode up to Lytle, who had just mounted, and introduced himself as the brother of John Collier, of North Carolina, and explained that there was an unsettled account between Lytle and the Collier family which he proposed now to ad- just, and immediately brought his grape-vine into requisition. The Tory ran his eye over the specta- tors, but seeing no sympathy in their countenances put spurs to his horse and galloped off, with the cap- tain close beside him belaboring him at every jump. They passed many people jogging along on their way home from church, and among others one of the deacons and his wife. The deacon was silent, but the wife called out, " Lay it on, Jamie, lay it on !" The race was " neck and neck" for a quarter of a mile, when the Tory, who had the better horse, began to leave Collier behind, but not before the grape-vine was worn to a stump. This transaction met with gen- eral approval. There were, however, a few good people who deemed it a breach of the Sabbath and thought the captain should be sessioned. Complaint was there- fore made to Rev. John Elder, pastor of the church, who replied in some such language as this: "Served him right; he had no business to come to my church. 476 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. I am, however, sorry it happened on the Lord's Day, but if I had witnessed it I should have told the cap- tain to lay on." This opinion from the moderator of the session, although not delivered officially, settled the business, and Collier never was called to account. In 1791 he sold his farm in Swatara township and went to Northumberland County, Pa. On the 31st of May, 1814, he started with his family for Ross County, Ohio, where he arrived on the 9th of July. Here he purchased a farm and spent the remainder of his days. He died Jan. 3, 1844, at the great age of ninety-two, and was distinguished throughout life for his frankness, integrity, and manly independence. * COL. JACOB COOKE. Jacob Cooke, son of John Cooke, was born in Lon- donderry township, Lancaster (now Dauphin) Co., Pa., in 1735. His father was an early emigrant from near Londonderry, Ireland, and was a gentleman of means and influence. The son received the best edu- cation afforded in the Scotch-Irish settlement, and was brought up to the life of a farmer. During the French and Indian war he served as an ensign in Col. Elder's ranging battalion, and commanded tbe first military company enrolled for the war for inde- pendence in Pennsylvania, "The Association of the Liberty Company in Lancaster County." This com- pany was organized in April, 1775, and portions of the command were in active service during the campaigns of 1776 and 1777. Col. Cooke filled the office of sub- lieutenant of Lancaster County, assisting in the or- ganization of troops. He was a justice of the peace many years, and served in the Assembly under the Constitution of 1776 from 1780 to 1785. He was an ardent patriot, a brave officer, and an influential citi- zen. He died in January, 1790, at his residence near the Round Top. He owned a large estate, especially in Northumberland County lands, and left at his death John, Mary (married John Lukens Wallis), S^rah (married Joseph Work), Elizabeth (married Charles Irwine), and Robert. The two latter resided on the Muncy farms. Col. William Cooke, of the Pennsylvania line, a gallant soldier of the Revolu- tion, was a brother of Col. Jacob Cooke, and one of the administrators of his estate. CAPT. JAMES COWDEN. James Cowden, the fourth child of Matthew Cow- den and Martha Johnson, was born in Paxtang township, Lancaster (now Dauphin) Co., Pa., on the 16th of June, 1737. James was brought up on his father'.s farm, enjoying, however, the advantages of that early education of those pioneer times, which among the Scotch-Irish settlers was remarkably com- prehensive and ample. Apart from this he was well grounded in the tenets of the Westminster Confes- sion, which among our pious ancestry formed a part of the instruction given to all. Until the thunders of the Revolution rolled towards the Susquehanna, Mr. Cowden remained on the pa- ternal acres, busily engaged in farming. At the outset he was a strong advocate for active defen- sive measures, and in favor of independence. He was one of the leading spirits at the meeting at Mid- dletown, June 9, 1774, of which Col. James Burd was chairman, and whose action, in conjunction with those of Hanover, nerved the people of Lancaster in their patriotic resolves. Suiting the action to the word, Mr. Cowden and the young men of his neigh- borhood took measures towards raising a battalion of associators, of which Col. James Burd was in com- mand, and p, company of which was intrusted to Capt. Cowden. His company, although not belong- ing to the Pennsylvania line, was nevertheless in sev- eral campaigns, and did faithful service at Fort Washington, in the Jerseys, at Brandywine and Ger- mantown, and in the war on the Northern and West- ern frontiers, defending them from the attacks of the savage Indian and treacherous Tory. At the close of the war Capt. Cowden returned to his farm. Under the Constitution of 1790 he was appointed the justice of the peace for the district of Lower Paxtang, April 10, 1793, which he held up to the time he was commissioned by Governor Thomas Mifflin one of the associate judges of the county of Dauphin, on the 2d of October, 1795, an office he filled acceptably and creditably. In 1809 was chosen Presidential elector, and was an ardent supporter of Madison. Capt. Cowden married in 1777, Mary Crouch, a sister of Col. James Crouch, of the Revolution, a na- tive of Virginia. She outlived her husband many years, and is buried in the graveyard of Paxtang Church. Judge Cowden died at his farm in Paxtang very suddenly on Wednesday evening, Oct. 10, 1810, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. COL. COENBLIUS COX. Cornelius Cox, son of John Cox and Esther, his wife, was born about 1750, in the city of Philadelphia. His father was a native of England, a physician of prominence in Philadelphia, in which city he died about 1770. He laid out Estherton, on the Susque- hanna, in 1765, supposing at the time it would be- come an important place. Dr. Cox was twice mar- ried,— first to Sarah, widow of William Edgell, of Philadelphia; second to Esther , of the same place. We know nothing further, save that their son was the subject of this sketch. Cornelius Cox re- ceived a good education in his native city. Some time prior to the Revolution we find him at Esther- ton in management of the estate left him by his father. He early espoused the cause of the colonies, was present at the meeting at Middletown which passed the patriotic resolutions of June, 1774, and when the people were called to arms was commis- sioned major of Col. James Burd's battalion of Lan- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOEY. 477 caster County associators. Was appointed assistant commissary of purchases, and also issuing commis- sary July 7, 1780. Until the close of the Revolution he was actively engaged, whether it was in the col- lecting of flour for the French fleet, the gathering of blankets for the half-clad army at Valley Forge, or the superintending of the construction of bateaux for the use of Gen. Sullivan in his expedition against the Six Nations. In 1792 he was chosen one of the State electors for President in favor of Gen. Washington. Governor Mifllin appointed him one of the associate justices of the courts of Dauphin County, but prefer- ring quiet he declined the honor. He died Feb. 3, 1803, at Estherton, aged about fifty -three years. Col. Cox married Mary Forster, born 1767, died Aug. 2, 1810, daughter of John Forster and Catherine Dickey. COL. KICHARD M. GRAIN. Richard Moore Crain, the son of Joseph Grain and Mary Moore, daughter of Andrew Moore, was born November, 1777, in Hanover township, Lancaster (now Dauphin) Co., Pa. He received a fair educa- tion, and was brought up on his father's farm. He became quite prominent in public afiairs the first dec- ade of this century, and during the incumbency of Gen. Andrew Porter as surveyor-general of Pennsyl- vania Mr. Crain received the appointment of deputy secretary of the land office, a position he acceptably filled through all the changes of administration for forty years, until the advent of Governor Ritner, when he was displaced. He then retired to his farm in Cumberland County, from which district he was sent a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1837, in which he was a leading spirit. During the War of 1812-14 he commanded a company of volun- teers from Harrisburg, and was subsequently com- missioned colonel of the Pennsylvania militia.- Col. Crain died at Harrisburg, on Friday, 17th of Septem- ber, 1852, aged seventy-five years. He married Eliz- abeth Whitehill, daughter of Robert Whitehill and Eleanor Reed, born 1771, died Oct. 2, 1848. They had Dr. Joseph; Elizabeth, married Leopold Wy- kofi"; Mary Adaline, married Alexander Dean ; Eleanor, married William Wilson Rutherford; and Agnes, died unmarried. COL. EDWARD CROUCH. Edward Crouch, the son of James Crouch, an offi- cer of the Revolution, and Hannah Brown, was born at Walnut Hill, in Paxtang, Nov. 9, 1764. He was a merchant by occupation. At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the army of the Revolution, and com- manded a company in the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794. He served as a member of the House of Rep- resentatives from 1804 to 1806, and was a Presiden- tial elector in 1813. Governor Snyder appointed him one of the associate judges of the county of Dau- phin April 16, 1813, but he resigned upon his election to the Thirteenth United States Congress. He died on the 2d of February, 1827, and is buried in Paxtang graveyard. " In private life he was an able and an honest man," wrote one of his contemporaries, and the record of his life shows him to have been a gen- tleman of uprightness of character, and as honorable as he was influential. Col. Crouch married Margaret Potter, born 1775, died Feb. 7, 1797, daughter of Gen. James Potter,^ of the Revolution. Their only daugh- ter married Benjamin Jordan, who succeeded to the estate of " Walnut Hill." COL. JAMES CROUCH. James Crouch was born about 1728, in Virginia. The Crouches were an old family who emigrated at an early day from England and settled in King and Queen County, near the court-house. James Crouch received a good education, came to Pennsyl- vania prior to 1757, purchasing about three thousand 1 Gen. James Potter, son of John Potter, was born in 1729, on " the bank of the river Foyle, County Tyrone, Ireland." His parents emi- grated to America, landing at New-Castle-on-Delaware in 8ei)t6mber, 1741, when James was about twelve years ot age. He was educated at the school of Eev. Mr. Alison, in Chester County. At twenty-five years of age he was a lieutenant in a border militia company. In 1755 he was captain of a company in the victorious Kittanning campaign under Armstrong. The general and he were attached friends. In 1763-64 he served as a major and lieutenant-colonel. He was a successful farmer. He was prominent in the political agitation consequent upon the dis- pute with the mother-country. There was no meeting of the patriotic inhabitants of the then large county of Northumberland held without his presence and led by his advice. He was a colonel in 1775 ; appointed a brigadier-general April 6, 1777, with John Armstrong as first, John Cadwalader second, Samuel Meredith fourth. His services in the Penn- sylvania campaign of 1777 were very distinguished. With the troops under his command, raised in the frontier counties, he obtained for Washington important information regarding the movements of the enemy, and with great vigilance gave all the annoyance possible to the foraging parties that were sent out of Philadelphia. On the 11th of December, while the army under Washington were on their march to Valley Forge, after a portion of it had crossed the Schuyl- kill at Matson'a Ford, it was' found that the enemy under Gomwallis were in force on the other aide. " They were met," writes Washington, "by Gen. Potter, with part of the Pennsylvania militia, who behaved with great bravery, and gave them every possible opposition till he was obliged to retreat from their superior numbers." In the spring of 1778, Washington wrote from Valley Forge, "If the state of Gen. Potter's affairs will admit of returning to the army, I shall be exceedingly glad to see him, as his activity and vigilance have been much wanted during the winter." In 1781 he was vice-president of the State, in 1782 commis- sioned a major-general, and in 1784 one of the Council of Censors, and was within a few votes of defeating for president the most distinguished man in the State, John Dickinson. He served in the field in his military capacity through the whole Revolution, and was trusted by all its lead- ers, — Washington, Greene, Pickering, MifBin, and his fellow-brigadiers. His residence was in Peun'a Valley, in the present Centre County, from 1772 to the time of his death, in November, 1789, at which moment he was one of the associate or bench justices of Northumberland County. He left one of the most extensive and valuable estates in Pennsylvania. His remains rest in the burial-ground at Brown's Mill, south of Cham- bersburg, in Franklin County. Gen. Potter was married twice, — first, Elizabeth Cathcart, of Philadel- phia. They had Elizabeth C, married James Poe, of Franklin County. Second wife, Mrs. Mary Patterson, widow of James Patterson, of Mifflin County, who died in April, 1786, near Middletown. They had James, " the judge," who married Mary Brown, of " Brown's Spring," Kishaoo- quillas Valley, MifBin Ck). ; Mary, married first, George Riddle, secondly, Willam McClelland, of Northumberland County; John, died ; Martha, married Andrew Gregg, of Centre County, subsequently United States senator; Margaret, married Edward Crouch, of " Walnut Hill," Dau- phin Co. 478 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. acres of land in York County, where the town of Wrightsville now stands, on which he settled for a few years, but which he subsequently sold, and re- moved to then Paxtang township, Lancaster Co., Pa., where he bought one thousand acres of land. He was a soldier of Quebec, being a sergeant in Capt. Matthew Smith's company of Paxtang volunteers. On his release from captivity he became an officer of the associators, and subsequently paymaster of the battalion. He served during the whole of the Revo- lutionary war with honor and distinction. He died- at his residence, Walnut Hill, near Highspire, on the 24th of May, 1794, aged sixty-six years. Col. Crouch married, Sept. 22, 1757, Hannah Brown, born 1727, died May 24, 1787. Their children were Edward; Mary, married Col. James Cowden ; Elizabeth, mar- ried Matthew Gilchrist, removed to Washington County, Pa. ; and Hannah, married Roan McClure. Col. Crouch's papers, perchance the most valuable doc- uments concerning the Revolution extant in this lo- cality, were wantonly destroyed about ten years ago. CAPT. JOHN DENTZEL. John Dentzel, a native of Holland, on the Rhine, was born about 1745. He received a thorough uni- versity education^ including law and medicine. A romantic attachment and marriage to a daughter of an illustrious family of the country caused him to come to America at the outset of the Revolution. He warmly espoused the cause of the colonies, and was in active service. Subsequent to th6 war he located at Harrisburg, where he became quite prominent. He seems to have practiced both law and medicine. In 1792 he was appointed one of the medical exam- iners for invalid pensioners ; and he is denominated as " Lawyer Dentzel,'' who commanded a company dur- ing the Whisky Insurrection of 1794, although prob- ably he was only a justice of the peace, an office he held at the time of his death. On the 8th of Decem- ber, 1803, ^he accompanied the citizens of the town who had gone to escort the remains of their old com- rade, Maj. Brooks, who had died at Elizabethtown ; when a short distance, the bridle of Capt. Dentzel's horse broke, and that gentleman was thrown against a fence and almost instantly expired. He was an in- trepid officer, a good citizen, and a polished gentle- man. Mr. Dentzel was twice married ; his first wife. Eve Dentzel, died March 18, 1795, "a lady much respected and admired." On the 10th of February, 1799, he married Jane Gilchrist, who survived her husband several years. By his first wife he had Mary, married Thomas Clyde, the parents of John J. Clyde, Esq. ; Sarah, married James Kernan ; Henry, who learned printing with John Wyeth, went to Norfolk, Va., was collector of the port there a number of years, married and left issue. By his second wife he had Raymond, who went to Armstrong County, married and left issue. MAJ. JOHN SHELLY DETWEILER. John Shelly Detweiler was born on the 18th of Oc- tober, 1829, in Londonderry township, Dauphin Co., on a farm occupied by his father, David Detweiler, near what is now known as the Buck Lock, Pennsyl- vania Canal. His mother, Susan Detweiler, was a daughter of William Shelly, of Shelly's Island. When ten years old he attended the school in the neighbor- hood of his birthplace, and continued there until he was sixteen years old, when he came to Harrisburg and entered the printing-office of Theophilus Fenn, where he remained but a short time, and then went to Lancaster, entering the office of the Lancaster Exam- iner and Herald. Leaving the Examiner office, Mr. Detweiler entered Franklin and Marshall College, at which institution he pursued a course of regular studies and graduated with high honor, after which he began the study of the law with Gen. George B. Ford, of Lancaster City, and was admitted to the bar of that county in 1850. He remained in Lancaster only a few months after his admission, and came to Harrisburg in the winter of that year, entering at once in the practice of the law here, in which profession he continued until the breaking out of the civil war. At the organization of the Ninth Cavalry, Mr. Det- weiler took an active part in securing the necessary companies to make up the regiment, and as captain of Company E was very prominent in securing a com- pleted organization. He was commissioned captain Oct. 17, 1861. While on duty in Tennessee he was appointed on the staff of Gen. DuMont. On the 19th of March, 1863, Capt. Detweiler was appointed major of the regiment, and on the 2d of April of the same year he resigned his commission and returned to Harrisburg, when he was appointed United States recruiting officer at this point, which post he held until the close of the war. In 1864, Mr. Detweiler was appointed Deputy United States assessor of in- ternal revenue under Charles J. Bruner, which office he held until it was abolished in 1871. In 1872 he was appointed by Judge Cadwallader register in bankruptcy, which office he held at the time of his death. In 1874, Mr. Detweiler was nominated and elected by the Republicans county solicitor for the term of three years. Maj. Detweiler married Eunice Parke, daughter of Benjamin Parke, of Harrisburg, and they had three children who survived their father. He died at Har- risburg, Pa., Aug. 16, 1878. * REV. WILLIAM R. DeWITT, D.D. William Radcliflf DeWitt, the son of John DeWitt and Katharine Van Vliet, was born at Paulding's Manor, Dutchess Co., N. Y., on the 25th of February, 1792. His ancestors were among the first immigrants from Holland to New Netherlands, in 1623. His early years were spent in commercial pursuits, but about 1810 he turned his attention to the sacred min- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 479 istry. He studied with Dr. Alexander Proudfit, of Salem, N. Y., and entered Washington Academy. The War of 1812 interrupting his studies, he volun- teered in the regiment of Col. Eice, and was in ser- vice at Lake Champlain at the time of McDonough's victory, Sept. 11, 1814. After the close of the war, in 1815, he entered Nassau Hall, Princeton, as a sophomore, but subsequently entered the senior class of Union College, Schenectady, where he graduated with distinction, completing his theological studies under Rev. Dr. John M. Mason, of New York. He BEV. V/M.. K. DeWITT, D.D. was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New York April 23, 1818. In the fall of that year he came to Harrisburg by invitation, and was called to the pastorate of the Presbyterian Church Oct. 5, 1818. He was receiyed by the Presbytery of Carlisle April 13, 1819, but not ordained until the 26th of October, that year. Dr. DeWitt received the degree of A.M. in course from Union College, and in 1838 the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania conferred on him the title of Doctor of Divinity. From 1854 to 1860 he held the office of State librarian, appointed by Governors Bigler and Pollock. In 1854 he felt the necessity of taking a colleague, Rev. T. H. Robinson, D.D., the present minister. He died at Harrisburg, Dec. 23, 1867, in his seventy-sixth year. Dr. DeWitt was twice married, his first wife being Julia A. Woodhull, daughter of Rev. Nathan Woodhull, of Newtown, L. I. His second wife was Mary Elizabeth Wallace, daughter of William Wallace, of Harrisburg, who survived her husband. During a ministry of nearly fifty years in Harrisburg, Dr. DeWitt enjoyed the con- fidence of all his ministerial brethren. In the com- munity he was greatly appreciated and respected by all classes. As a theologian he had few equals in the ministry, and although firm and decided in his views, he was liberal and catholic in spirit. His published writings were limited to twelve or thirteen pamphlets, the most popular of which was a small volume en- titled " Her Price above Rubies." He preached many powerful discourses, a volume of which should cer- tainly be preserved in permanent form. GEORGE DOCK, M.D. George Dock, second child of William Dock and Margaret Gilliard, was born 23d of May, 1823, at Harrisburg, Pa. Though of very delicate constitu- tion, he was sent to school at an early age, and re- ceived a liberal education. In September, 1840, he entered the office of Professor William E. Horner, of the University of Pennsylvania, as a private student. He matriculated at the medical department of the University in the summer of 1841, attended the course of lectures at the Medical Institute, and having pur- sued the full course at the University, session of 1842, he was elected resident student in Blockley Hospital, entering upon his duties the 1st of May, where he faithfully served one year, gaining no little reputa- tion as a thorough anatomist. In the spring of 1844 he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania. Returning to his home at Harrisburg, he assumed the duties of his profession. In the autumn of 1845, at the solicitation of Professor Horner, he removed to Philadelphia, and the winter following was engaged by the former as his private dissector at the Uni- versity. During the war with Mexico he was ten- dered the position of assistant surgeon. Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, but his health prevented its acceptance. In January, 1847, he was elected physician to the Dauphin County almshouse, where he served one year. Advised to take a sea- voyage for the benefit of his health, in October, 1849, he sailed for Europe, and while there visited the different hospitals of Paris and London. On his return he resumed the practice of his profession. For a period of thirteen years he was a member of the board of trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital at Harrisburg, in 1854 elected a member of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, while in July following Pennsylvania College conferred on him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. On the 17th of March, 1856, he was appointed Professor of Surgery in the Philadelphia College of Medicine, which he at first declined, but subsequently, by great persuasion, accepted the position. During the winter following, his health becoming seriously impaired, he was compelled to withdraw from all active professional duties. In 1860 he made a second visit to Europe, and upon his return quietly settled down in his office, regaining a handsome practice in his specialty,— diseases of the eye. In 1861 he was commissioned surgeon of the Sixteenth Regiment 480 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Pennsylvania Volunteers, subsequently placed on the board of medical examiners to pass on the quali- fications of candidates for appointment on the medi- cal staflF of the Pennsylvania forces in the army. From this time forward until 1868 his health was fair, but subsequently became seriously impaired, until at last he was obliged to relinquish entirely the duties of his profession. On the 10th of August, 1874, he was suddenly taken with a hemorrhage of the lungs, but not until the 17th of August, 1875, did the messenger come, and the spirit of George Dock pass from its frail tenement. Had he possessed the physical strength, most of the brilliant suggestions of his gifted and active mind would have been carried out to a successful result. He had by nature a strongly- marked, bold, original, positive, and incisive mind. As it was, he was never idle. He made his mark in the profession he so dearly loved and highly honored. Few men were more greatly esteemed, for he was to all genial and kind and courteous. Dr. Dock mar- ried, July 30, 1844, Clara S. Eehrer, daughter of Col. Thomas J. Eehrer, of Harrisburg, who, with one daughter, survive. WILLIAM DOCK. William Dock, the son of Philip Dock ' and Eliza- beth Killian, was born in East Earl township, Lancas- ter Co., Pa., on the 3d of February, 1793. In 1800 his parents removed to Newville, Cumberland Co., where they resided until their death. His early education was limited. At the age of seventeen he went to Carlisle, where he was brought up to merchandising. In 1813 he removed to the Susquehanna opposite Harrisburg, where he kept the public ferry one year ; the subsequent spring coming to Harrisburg. In 1814, he took charge of the Harrisburg ferry, then controlled by the- county of Dauphin. In 1816 he was appointed collector of tolls eastern end of the Harrisburg bridge, which position he filled five years. He entered into the mercantile chandlery trade in 1822, which he successfully continued until 1845, when he entirely relinquished business. In March, 1842, he was appointed one of the associate judges of Dauphin County. In 1849 he received the nomina- tion by the Democracy for Congress in the Fourteenth District, then composed of Dauphin, Lebanon, and Schuylkill Counties. The judge made a good can- vass, but his party were in the minority. In 1851 he was chairman of the State convention which nomi- > Philip Dock, a soldier of the Kevolntion, was born Aug. 2 1767 in East Barl township, Lancaster Co., Pa.; died at NewTillo, Oumberllnd Co., Pa., July 15, 1830. He married Elizabeth Killian, born in East Earl township Aug. 27, 1763; she died at Newville Feb. 7, 1848, and there buried. There were children, among others, as follows: Elizabeth married John Dean ; removed to Ohio, where their descendants reside! Susan, married Jacob Bigler; they were the parents of Governor John Bigler, of California, and Governor William Bigler, of Pennsylvania. Amelia, married George Gray, and left issue: Jacob, married Eliza Kissecker Ott, and left issue: William, married Margaret Gilliard Philip, d. B. p. nated William Bigler for Governor ; had repeatedly been a delegate to the Lutheran Synod ; and in 1856 appointed a trustee of Pennsylvania College. He served as a trustee of the Harrisburg Academy twenty years, and was actively connected with several busi- ness enterprises. Judge Dock died at Harrisburg Aug. 4, 1868. He married in 1818 Margaret Gilliard, of Middletown, who died May 30, 1862, in her sixty- eighth year. They had children, William Gilliard, Dr. George, Gilliard, and William, of whom Gilliard alone survives. PHILIP DOUGHERTY. Philip Dougherty, son of Dennis Dougherty and Catharine Maginty, was born on the 24th of March, 1806, near Middletown, Dauphin Co., Pa. His father came to America from Ireland about 1805, and settled in Derry township, not far from Middletown, where he died about 1824. His wife (re& Catharine Maginty ) , whom he married in Ireland, died about 1845, in Harrisburg. Their children were Mary (wife of Hugh Dougherty) and John, both born in Ireland, Philip (the subject of this sketch), James, Catharine (wife of Edward Sweeny), Dennis, Charles, Hugh, and Daniel Dougherty. From the age of eighteen Philip Dougherty was busily occupied as a contractor on canals and railroads, and was largely engaged in the construction of important public works, such as the Pennsylvania Canal, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Delaware and Earitan Canal, Union Canal, Lehigh Canal, Northern Central Eailroad, New York and Erie Eailroad, Pennsylvania Eailroad, Camden and Amboy Eailroad, and the Dauphin and Susquehanna Eailroad. He continued in the business until Feb- ruary, 1853, when he was chosen president of the Mechanics' Bank of Harrisburg, organized at that time, a poisition which he filled until his death, which occurred at Harrisburg Feb. 3, 1865, in his fifty-ninth year. He was also a director of the Northern Central Eailroad, the Middletown Bank, and the Harrisburg Gas Company, of which he was one of the found- ers. Mr. Dougherty was very successful in business, combining great energy and force of character with quick perception, sound judgment, and strict integ- rity. He dispensed a liberal hospitality to his many friends, and enjoyed the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. Of a warm and generous nature, his feelings, impulses, and actions were of an elevated character, and his friendship permanent, strong, and useful. He was ever ready to aid the deserving and relieve the unfortunate, and in all respects was a valued member of the community. Mr. Dougherty married, June 10, 1833, at New Brunswick, N. J., Mary W., daughter of John Clark and Eebecca Whiteside. Mrs. Dougherty was born in 1813, and now (1883) resides in Harrisburg. Their children who reached maturity were James Dennis, who grad- uated at Georgetown College, class of 1857, was a lawyer by profession, and a captain of artillery during ) ■ '"^ )-LcvjL^O-L^ , 'fc. .4 Hli-rrciv- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 481 the Rebellion, and colonel on the staff of Governor Packer, of Pennsylvania, and died April 2, 1878; William E., for many years engaged in the banking business in Harrisburg, and now resident clerk of the United States Senate at Washington, D. C. ; and Mary F., wife of Bernard J. McGrann, contractor and banker, of Lancaster, Pa. * JOHN DOWNEY. John Downey, the son of John and Sarah Downey, was born at Germantown, Pa., in the year 1770. He received a classical education in the old academy there, and in 1795 located at Harrisburg, where he opened a Latin and grammar school. At this period, in a letter to Governor Thomas Mifflin, he proposed a " Plan of Education," remarkably foreshadowing the present common-school system, and which has placed him in the front rank of early American educators. He was for many years a justice of the peace, and served as town clerk for a long time. He was the first cashier of the Harrisburg Bank, largely instrumental in securing the erection of the bridge over the Susquehanna, and one of the corpo- rators of the Harrisburg and Middletown Turnpike Company ; was a member of the Legislature in 1817 -18, and filled other positions of honor and profit. He died at Harrisburg on the 21st of July, 1827, and the Oraek speaks of him as " a useful magistrate and a pious man." He wrote much for the press, and a series of articles published in the Dauphin Guardian, entitled " Simon Easy Papers," were from his pen,— sparkling with wit ; they are worth a permanent set- ting, as a valuable contribution to literature. Mr. Downey married, June 5, 1798, Alice Ann Beatty, daughter of James Beatty, Esq., one of the first settlers at Harrisburg. She died in Ashland County, Ohio, May 14, 1841. Their adopted daughter, Eleanor Downey, married Hon. Daniel Kilgore, of Ohio. JACOB E. EBY. Jacob Eupley Eby, the son of Ephraim C. Eby (1783-1838) and Susannah Eupley (1784-1844), was born Nov. 18, 1816, at Columbia, Lancaster Co., Pa. His father, born near Lancaster, was a miller by oc- cupation, and belonged to the Mennonites,—" never went to law and never voted." He had seven chil- dren. Ephraim C. Eby died at Middletown, owning at the time the mill at Highspire. Jacob E. was brought up to the business of his father until the age of fifteen, in the mean time enjoying the advan- tages of the education afforded by the pay-schools of that day. He learned the trade of a carpenter. After serving his apprenticeship he took a trip south, work- ing at his trade ; returning, however, at the end of ten months, when he entered mercantile life. While thus engaged, Messrs. Cameron, Lauman & Clark, who were building the improvements at Wrightsville, known as the Tide-water Canal and Columbia Dam, 31 offered him a position which he accepted. This gave him an insight into the building of public works, when his industry, integrity, and capacity attracted the favorable notice of a prominent lumber merchant of Middletown, who gave him an interest in his busi- ness simply on account of his superior qualifications and without requiring the investment of capital. He retained this valuable position for six years, when he disposed of his interest to advantage, and with his brother E. C. Eby purchased the stock and good-will of the grocery and forwarding business of John H. Brant, on one of the best sites in this city. The business subsequently was conducted by himself and sons. Mr. Eby was largely interested in many of the industrial establishments of the city, being a stock- holder and director of the Harrisburg Car- and Ma- chine- and Foundry-works. He was president for sev- eral years of the First National Bank and likewise of the State Agricultural Society. He was at the time of his death a prison-inspector, which position he had held for many years. He died Feb. 11, 1883, at Har- risburg, in his sixty-seventh year. Mr. Eby was mar- ried in 1843 to Elizabeth Gross, who still survives. They had three children, Maurice, William Howard, and Fannie. MAJOR OLIVER EDWARDS. Oliver Edwards, third son of Abraham Edwards and Martha Greenfield, was born Oct. 24, 1824. His parents were natives of Baltimore, where they mar- ried, removed to Pittsburgh, and subsequently to Harrisburg about 1819. Oliver's education in the schools was limited, but his mind being active and inquiring, he read much and studied at night after the work of the day was over, thus becoming very well self-educated, and developed into a man of con- siderable attainments. When young he learned the trade of bootmaking with his father ; later in life he was selected as a school-teacher under the common- school system, and proved to be one of the most suc- cessful ever employed in the Harrisburg schools, as numbers of young men of the present day can testify. Mr. Edwards was much afflicted with asthma and unable to do military duty, but in order to render some service during the war he became the agent for the reception and distribution of the Dauphin County Belief Fund for the support of those whose husbands, fathers, and sons were in the army. It was a very onerous duty, and he performed it faithfully and well, declining any remuneration whatever for his services. In 1860 he was elected one of the first aldermen of the city of Harrisburg. Upon the election of Gen. A. S. Eoumfort as mayor of the city he appointed Mr. Edwards as committing magistrate and chief clerk in the mayor's office. He was elected to suc- ceed Gen. Eoumfort, and was inaugurated mayor of the city in March, 1866. He was subsequently elected an alderman of the Fourth Ward in 1872, which position he occupied up until the time of his death, 482 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. which occurred in Harrisburg on the 18th day of October, 1874. Mr. Edwards was an active man, of quick perception, fine social qualities, and possessed of much useful information. The Rev. George F. Stelling, of the Fourth Street Lutheran Church, preached a very able funeral sermon shortly after his death in relation to Mr. Edwards' religious expe- rience. On the 7th of August, 1851, he married Rachel Ann Chandler, daughter of Jonathan Chandler and Mary Griffith. The marriage took place in Harris- burg, where his wife was born, on the 13th of August, 1830, and died therein on the 5th of July, 1865. Two daughters survive the parents, — Mary Griffith and Eachel Louisa (married Daniel A. Musser) . JACOB ELDER. Jacob Elder, eldest son of John Elder and Eliza- beth Awl, and grandson of Rev. John Elder, was born in Paxtang in 1780. He received a thorough English and classical education, learned the art of printing at Lancaster, and in 1802 commenced the publication of the Dauphin Ouardian, one of the most influential newspapers published in the early days of Harrisburg, as it was the first Democratic English newspaper there. In 1815 he prepared and pub- lished " A History of the Late War," and was the author of a preliminary work on the history of the United States. Under his arduous literary labors Mr. Elder's health failed him, and he died at Harris- burg in October, 1816, at the early age of thirty-six years. He never married. His entire life was an active and busy one, and he exerted a great influence in the times he lived. COL. JOSHUA ELDER. Joshua Elder, second son of Rev. John Elder and Mary Baker, was born in Paxtang tonwnship (now Dauphin County), Pa., on the 9th of March, 1744/5. He was a farmer by occupation. During the frontier troubles of 1763-64 he was in active military service. When the Revolution broke out he was a leader on the patriot side, and appointed one of the sub-lieutenants of Lancaster County, as also a justice of the peace, serving until the close of the war. He was a promi- nent advocate for the formation of the county of Dauphin, and under the Constitution of 1790 was commissioned by Governor Mifilin one of the asso- ciate judges of the courts, Aug. 17, 1791. The ap- pointment, however, of Sheriff' Clunie to the bench on the resignation of David Harris, who had removed to Baltimore, so incensed him that he peremptorily resigned. He was appointed by Governor McKean prothonotary Jan. 5, 1800, a position he filled by re- appointment until Feb. 6, 1809. In March, 1810, he was elected burgess of the borough of Harrisburg. He died at his residence in Paxtang on the 5th of December, 1820. Judge Elder was twice married,— first, to Mary McAllister, who died Nov. 21, 1792; secondly, to Sarah McAllister, who died Dec. 6, 1807. COL. ROBERT ELDER. Robert Elder, eldest son of Rev. John Elder and Mary Baker, was born June 11, 1742, in Paxtang. He was educated at the academy in Chester County, and was destined by his father for the ministry. His inclinations, and the breaking out of the French and Indian- war, when the boy enlisted with his father as a ranger on the frontiers, determined otherwise. With his Scotch-Irish neighbors he entered heartily into the contest for independence, and throughout the war of the Revolution was in the field or engaged in organizing the associators, of which he was colonel, succeeding Col. Burd in the command of the compa- nies raised in Paxtang. At the close of the conflict he continued his occupation of farming, avoiding public office, preferring the quiet of domestic life. He died Sept. 29, 1818, in Paxtang, aged seventy-six years. Col. Elder married Mary J. Thompson, of Derry ; she was born Oct. 19, 1750, and died Aug. 18, 1813. JOHN ELDER, Jh. John Elder, Jr., son of Rev. John Elder and Mary Simpson, was born Aug. 3, 1757, in Paxtang. He was educated under Joseph Hutchinson, a celebrated teacher in his day, and gave special attention to land surveying. He was a farmer. At the commencement of the Revolution, although a youth of eighteen, he was enrolled among the associators, and was an en- sign in Col. Burd's battalion. On the 18th of April, 1780, he was appointed deputy-surveyor, and for sev- eral years filled that position. He was elected sheriff" of the county of Dauphin in 1794, serving from the 19th of November, that year, until Oct. 17, 1797. Like the majority of persons who have filled that respon- sible office in this locality, he came out of it the poorer. Capt. Elder died at his residence in Pax- tang, April 27, 1811, in his fifty-fourth year. SAMUEL ELDER. Samuel Elder, son of Rev. John Elder and Mary Simpson, was born Feb. 27, 1772, in Paxtang. He was educated at the schools of Joseph Hutchinson and Joseph Allen, and followed farming in his early years. He was a soldier of the Whiskey Insurrection, and held a position in the military establishment of 1798. He filled the office of sheriflf of Dauphin County from Oct. 23, 1800, to Oct. 21, 1803, which, as in the case of his brother John, financially crippled him. Mr. Elder died at Harrisburg on the 26th of September, 1815, aged forty-three years. In paying brief tribute to his memory the newspapers of the day speak in the warmest terms of his faithfulness as a public officer, his prominence as a citizen, and the upright charac- ter of his entire life, passing away in the vigor of manhood. Mr. Elder married, March 7, 1793, Mar- garet Espy. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 483 REV. JOHN ELDER. John Elder, second son of Robert and Eleanor Elder, was born Jan. 26, 1706, in the city of Edin- burgh, Scotland. He received a classical education, and graduated from the University at Edinburgh. He subsequently studied divinity, and in 1732 was licensed to preach the gospel. His father, who had removed from Scotland and settled near Lough Neagh, in County Antrim, Ireland, subsequently emigrated to America and settled in the Province of Pennsyl- vania, in then Paxtang township, Lancaster Co. Four or five years later the son followed the footsteps of his parents and friends and came to America. Coming as a regularly licensed minister, he was received by New Castle Presbytery, having brought credentials to that body, afterwards into Donegal Presbytery on the 5th of October, 1737. Paxtang congregation having separated from that of Derry in 1735, and Rev. Mr. Bertram adhering to the latter, left that of Paxtang vacant, and they were unanimous in giving Rev. John Elder a call. This he accepted on the 12th of April, 1738, and on the 22d of Novem- ber following he was ordained and installed, the Rev. Black presiding. The early years of Mr. Elder's ministry was not one of ease, for in the second year the Whitefield ex- citement took a wide spread over the Presbyterian Church. He preached against this religious furor, or the "great revival," as it was termed, and for this he was accused to the Presbytery of propagating " false doctrine." That body cleared him, however, in December, 1740 ; " but the separation was made," says Webster, " soon after, and the conjunct Presbyters answered the supplications sent to them the next sum- mer, by sending Campbell and Rowland to those who forsook him. He signed the protest. His support being reduced, he took charge of the ' Old Side' por- tion of the Derry congregation." Following closely upon these ecclesiastical troubles came the French and Indian war. Associations were formed throughout the Province of Pennsylvania for the defense of the frontiers, and the congregations of Mr. Elder were prompt to embody themselves. Their minister be- came their leader,— their captain,— and they were trained as rangers. He superintended the discipline of his men, and his mounted rangers became widely known as the " Paxtang Boys." During two summers at least, every man who attended Paxtang Church carried his rifle with him, and their minister took his. Subsequently he was advanced to the dignity of colonel by the Provincial authorities, the date of his commission being July 11, 1763. He had command of the block-houses and stockades on the frontiers extending from Easton to the Susquehanna. The Governor in tendering this appointment expressly stated that nothing more would be expected of him than the general oversight. " His justification," says Webster, " lies in the crisis of afi'airs. . . . Bay at York, Steele at Conecocheague, and Griffith at New Castle, with Burton and Thompson the church mis- sionaries at Carlisle, headed companies and were ac- tively engaged." During the latter part of the sum- mer of 1763, many murders were committed in Pax- tang, culminating in the destruction of the Indians on Conestoga Manor, and at Lancaster. Although the men composing the company of Paxtang men who exterminated the murderous savages referred to belonged to his obedient and faithful rangers, it has never been proved that the Rev. Mr. Elder had pre- vious knowledge of the plot formed, although the Quaker pamphleteers of the day charged him with aiding and abetting the destruction of the Indians. When the deed was done and the Quaker authori- ties seemed determined to proceed to extreme lengths with the participants, and denounced the frontiersmen as " riotous and murderous Irish Presbyterians,'' he took sides with the border inhabitants, and sought to condone the deed. His letters published in connec- tion with the history of that transaction, prove him to have been a man judicious, firm, and decided. During the controversy which ensued he was the au- thor of one of the pamphlets, — "Letter from a Gen- tleman in one of the Back Counties to a Friend in Philadelphia." He was relieved from his command by the Governor of the Province, who directed that Maj. Asher Clay- ton take charge of the military establishment. Peace, however, was restored, not only in civil affairs but in the church. The union of the Synods brought the Rev. John Elder into the same Presbytery with Messrs. John Roan, Robert Smith, and George Duf- field, they being at first in a minority, but rapidly settling the vacancies with New Side men. By the leave of Synod the Rev. Mr. Elder joined the Second Philadelphia Presbytery May 19, 1768, and on the formation of the General Assembly, became a member of Carlisle Presbytery. " The fever-heat of the ' New Lights' soon abated ; one after another of these religious fanatics returned ; their churches rotted down ; they live only in mem- ory ;" while by the death of the Rev. Mr. Roan, all dissensions were healed, and Paxtang and Derry were once more reunited. Mr. Elder was often heard to say " that among the many blessings bestowed upon him by the Giver of all Good, the return of these people to his churches again during his lifetime was among the greatest. He humbled himself before Almighty God for his merciful guidance through these severe trials, and that now his sore afflictions were healed by heavenly Love." Foremost in opposition to the tyrannical rule of Great Britain, and in demanding their rights, were the descendants of those who had fled their own country for liberty's sake, and such were the members of Parson Elder's congregations. Too old to take up the sword, the minister of Paxtang and Derry assisted in raising the quota of troops allotted to his county. 484 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. and was on the Committee of Safety for his section. In 1775 he delivered a powerful sermon on behalf of independence and the duty of his congregation in the crisis. At the time the British army overrun New Jersey, driving before them the fragments of our discouraged, naked, and half-starved troops, and without any pre- vious arrangement, the Rev. Mr. Elder went on Sun- day as usual to Paxtang Church. The hour arrived for church-service, when, instead of a sermon, he began a short and hasty prayer to the Throne of Grace ; then called upon the patriotism of all effective men present, and exhorted them to aid in the support of liberty's cause and the defense of the country. In less than thirty minutes a company of volunteers was formed. Col. Eobert Elder, the parson's eldest son, was chosen captain. They marched next day, though in winter; his son John, at sixteen years, was among the first. His son Joshua, sub-lieutenant of Lancas- ter County, could not quit the service he was employed in, but sent a substitute. Until his death, for the period of fifty-six years, he continued the faithful minister of the congregations over which he had been placed in the prime of his youthful vigor, passing the age not generally allotted to man, — that of fourscore and six years. On the 17th of July, A.D. 1792, he laid by the armor of this earthly life, putting on that of immortality. His death was deeply lamented far and wide. Not one of all those who had welcomed him to his early field of labor survived him. Charles Miner, the historian of Wyoming, gives this opinion of Eev. John Elder : " I am greatly struck with the evidences of learning, talent, and spirit displayed by him. He was beyond doubt the most extraordinary man of interior Pennsylvania. I hope some one may draw up a full memoir of his life, and a narrative, well digested, of his times. . . . He was a very extraordinary man, of most extensive in- fluence, full of activity and enterprise, learned, pious, and a ready writer. I take him to have been of the old Cameronian blood. Had his lot been cast in New England he would have been a leader of the Puritans." He had, with one who well remembered the old minister, " a good and very handsome face. His features were regular, — no one prominent, — good complexion, with blue eyes. ... He was a portly, long, straight man, over six feet in height, large frame and body, with rather heavy legs. . . . He did not talk broad Scotch, and spoke much as we do now, but grammatically." His remains quietly repose amid the scenes of his earthly labors in the burying-ground of old Paxtang Church, by the side of those who loved and revered him. Over his dust a marble slab bears the inscrip- tion dictated by his friend and neighbor, William Maclay, first United States Senator from Pennsyl- vania. (See record of Paxtang Church.) Rev. John Elder was twice married, first to Mary Baker, daugh- ter of Joshua Baker, of Lancaster, who was armorer under George II. of England, and they had four children. He married, secondly, Mary Simpson, daughter of Thomas Simpson, of Paxtang, and sister of Gen. Michael Simpson, of Revolutionary memory; and by this marriage there were eleven children. THOMAS ELDER. Thomas Elder, son of Rev. John Elder, of Paxtang, and Mary Simpson, was born Jan. 30, 1767, in Pax- tang township, Lancaster Co. (now Dauphin Co.), Pa. He received a good English and classical educa- tion, especially under Joseph Hutchinson, a cele- brated teacher in his day. He subsequently attended the academy at Philadelphia, where he graduated. Studied law with Gen. John A. Hanna, and was ad- mitted to the Dauphin County bar at the August term, 1791. He at once began the practice of a pro- fession in which he became distinguished, and which he followed with great success for upwards of forty years. In the words of Hamilton Alricks, Esq., who presented the resolutions of the Dauphin County bar, which were adopted on the occasion of his decease, Mr. Elder " was eminent as a safe and sagacious coun- selor, a laborious and indefatigable lawyer." During the Whiskey Insurrection he volunteered as a private in Capt. Dentzel's company, which marched to the westward, preferring the ranks to that of a commis- sioned office which his company offered him. He subsequently held the office of lieutenant-colonel of the militia, and was frequently designated by the title of colonel. As a citizen in the early years of the borough of Harrisburg, Mr. Elder possessed public spirit and enterprise in advance of his contemporaries generally. He was the prominent and leading spirit in organizing a company to erect the Harrisburg bridge, the first constructed over the Susquehanna, and for many years the longest in the Union. Upon its permanent organization, he was unanimously elected the president, which office he held by annual re-election of the directors until his resignation in June, 1846. He was chosen president of the Harris- burg Bank in June, 1816, which office he held until his death. Governor Hiester appointed him attor- ney-general of the commonwealth, a position he filled with marked ability from Dec. 20, 1820, to Dec. 18, 1823, but he ever after positively refused to accept office, although he took a deep and active in- terest for many years in the political affairs of the State and nation. He was blessed with a physical constitution which enabled him to accomplish an ex- traordinary amount of labor without diminishing the elasticity of his spirits or the vigor of his mind. He lived to the advanced age of over eighty-six years dying April 29, 1853, at Harrisburg. Mr. Elder was twice married. First to Catharine Cox, daughter of Col. Cornelius Cox, of Estherton ; second, to Eliza- beth Shippen Jones, daughter of Robert Strettel BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 485 Jones, of Philadelphia, and had issue by both marri- ages. AMOS ELLMAKBR. Amos Ellmaker, the son of Nathaniel Ellmaker, was born in New Holland, Lancaster Co., Pa., on the 2d of February, 1787. He graduated at Yale Col- lege, and after completing his law studies at the cele- brated law-school under Judge Beeves, at Litchfield, Conn., he came to Harrisburg, and continued his studies under Thomas Elder, and was subsequently admitted to the bar at the December term, 1808. He was commissioned deputy attorney-general for the county of Dauphin, Jan. 13, 1809, serving until 1812, and represented Dauphin County in the Legislature from 1812 to 1814. He was appointed by Governor Snyder president judge of this judicial district, July 3, 1815. In 1814 he accompanied the volunteers to Baltimore as an aid to Gen. Forster. On the 30th of December, 1816, he resigned, to accept the position of attorney-general of the State, serving to 1819. In June, 1821, he removed to Lancaster, resuming the practice of his profession. He was the anti-Masonic candidate for Vice-President of the United States in 1832. Judge Ellmaker died at Lancaster on the 28th of November, 1851. He married June 13, 1816, Mary E. Elder, daughter of Thomas Elder and Catharine Cox, of Harrisburg, who survives. " Mr. Ellmaker," saysMr. Harris in his " Reminiscences," " was reported to be a good lawyer, and his addresses to the jury when at the bar were clear, distinct, and argumenta- tive." As a gentleman, he possessed in an eminent degree those characteristics which distinguish men of rare endowment. He was well informed, and of a lively social disposition, and in all the relations and positions of life was a model worthy of imitation. REV. JOHN MICHAEL ENTERLINE. John Michael Enterline was a native of the Palati- nate, Germany, where he was born in 1726. He was educated at the University of Leipsic, and ordained a minister in 1751. He emigrated to America about 1760, but to what locality is not known. He became pastor of what subsequently was organized as St. John's congregation, near Berrysburg, having settled in that neighborhood towards the close of the Revo- lution. He was a faithful minister of the gospel, and labored strenuously in his calling. He died in March, 1800, aged seventy-four years, leaving a wife, Anna Barbara, and children,--John Michael, John Paul, Daniel, Anna Mary, married Adam Lenker, and Eliza- beth, married Henry Wirth. Many of his descend- ants are more or less prominent citizens of the "Upper End." PROFESSOR JAMES P. ESPY. James (Pollard) Espy, the son of James Espy, was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., May 9, 1786. He was the youngest often children, and the seventh son. His father was a native of Hanover township, Dauphin Co., and had settled in Western Pennsylvania as early as 1780, removing about 1790 to the State of Kentucky, when the subject of our sketch was in his fourth year. His thirst for knowledge was from his childhood insatiable, and his means being limited, he began, while yet in his teens, teaching during a por- tion of each year to pay for the instruction received in the Transylvania University, Lexington, where he graduated at the age of twenty-one. The following year he was invited to Cumberland, Md., to take charge of a classical academy at that place, then newly endowed by the Legislature. His zeal for instructing the young was such that he soon made it a well-known institution, to which students came from every part of the country. In the mean time he studied law, went to Bedford, and was admitted to the bar there, subsequently going to Xenia, Ohio, whither his father had previously removed, where he practiced law four years. His profession did not seem to 'accord with the literary and scientific tenden- cies of his mind, and he accepted in 1817 a call to the classical department of the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, and that city became his home for twenty years. During this period he published sev- eral pamphlets reviewing and rejecting the theories of storms and currents which prevailed, and these attracted the notice of the scientists of America. Professor Espy, having formed his own theory, brought it practically to the test of many storms. In 1841 he published his great work, " The Philosophy of Storms." P-rior to its publication in this form the new theory had caused a sensation in the principal cities of England and France, and Professor Espy was invited to visit Europe and compare his results with those which had been reached by Redfield, Forbes, Pouillet, Fournet, and others. He accord- ingly visited Europe, and in September, 1840, the British Association appointed a day to entertain the professor's statement, which was made in the presence of Professor Forbes, Mr. Redfield, Sir John Herschel, Sir David Brewster, and other eminent naturalists. The discussion which followed was one of the most interesting ever reported in the journals of the Asso- ciation. In the Academy of Sciences at Paris the interest was equally great, and a committee consisting of Arago and Pouillet was appointed to report upon Espy's observations and theory. They were satisfied of the importance of the theory at once, and so re- ported. It was in the debate which took place in the Academy at this time that Arago said, " France has its Cuvier, England its Newton, America its Espy." On his return from this satisfactory visit Professor Espy was appointed corresponding member of the Smithsonian Institute. In 1843 he was employed by the War Department, in the Washington Observatory, to prosecute his investigations and collate the reports from the different observers throughout the country. 480 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Several quarto volumes of this matter were published by the department. The remainder of his life was spent at the national capital, although his vacation days were enjoyed at Harrisburg amid the society of endeared friends. On the 17th of January, 1860, while on a visit to Cincinnati, Professor Espy was stricken with paralysis, from which he died on the 24th of the same month. His remains rest in the Espy burial lot in the Harrisburg Cemetery. He married, at the age of thirty-seven, Margaret Pollard, of Cumberland, Md., born Sept. 28, 1795, whose maiden name for some fancied reason he assumed, and was ever afterward known as James Pollard Espy. She died May 30, 1850, and is buried by the side of her husband at Harrisburg. They left no GEN. JACOB EYSTER. Jacob Eyster, eldest son of George Eyster and Margaret Slagle, was born three miles west of Han- over, in what is now Adams County, Pa., June 8, 1782. He was a descendant of John Jacob Eyster, a native of the kingdom of Wilrtemberg, Germany, who emigrated to America between 1717 and 1727. Chris- tian Eyster, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Germany in 1710. The family settled first at Oley, in Berks County; from thence Christian removed, in 1736, to York County. The eldest son of Christian was Elias, born in 1734, who lived until almost a centenarian. His eldest son, George, born June 6, 1757, was a farmer and tanner, a soldier of the Revolution, captured at Fort Washington, and confined for some time on board the British prison-ships. He married, in 1780, Mar- garet, daughter of Jacob Slagle and sister of Col. Henry Slagle, of the Revolution. About 1783 they removed to near Hunterstown, within five miles of Gettysburg, where their son Jacob passed his youth and early manhood. When first enrolled among the militia of Adams County he was appointed first ser- geant, rose to captain, and then major, and in 1814 appointed by Governor Snyder brigadier-general Second Brigade, Fifth Division, Pennsylvania militia. During the invasion of Maryland by the British tliat year he was employed by the Secretary of War (Armstrong) and the Governor of Pennsylvania in distributing and forwarding arms and supplies to the militia who were called into service. In 1811 he re- moved to Gettysburg and engaged in mercantile pur- suits. In 1818 he was a candidate for the House of Representatives, defeated by sixty-two votes, while the remainder of the Democratic ticket fell from three hundred to fourteen hundred behind. The year following (1819) he was nominated State senator for an unexpired term, elected, and subsequently for a full term. Previous to the nomination of Governor Shulze, Gen. Eyster was spoken of as a gubernatorial candidate. In 1822 he removed to Harrisburg, and in 1824 he resigned his seat in the Senate and was appointed deputy surveyor-general, an oflSce he re- tained for fifteen years. He afterwards became cashier of a bank at Hagerstown, Md., but after a year's absence returned to Harrisburg, where he passed the remainder of his life. He died there on the 24th of March, 1858. He married, in 1810, Mary Middlecofif, of Adams County, who died at Harris- burg, March 24, 1867, at the age of seventy-five years. They had issue: Jacob M., Juliana (married Profes- sor M. Jacobs, of Gettysburg), David A., Rev. Wil- liam F., Alfred E., and Louisa C. OBED PAHNBSTOCK. . Obed Fahnestock, third son of Peter Fahnestock and Elizabeth Bolthouser, and grandson of Diedrich Fahnestock, who came to America as early as 1726, and settled at Ephrata about 1749, was born Feb. 25, 1770, at Ephrata, Lancaster Co., Pa. He was brought up to mercantile pursuits, and came to Harrisburg about 1795, where he entered into business. He seems to have been a man of considerable intelli- gence and prominence, as almost thirty years of his life were spent in office. He was coroner from Nov. 3, 1802, to Nov. 3, 1805 ; director of the poor from 1811 to 1813 ; one of the associate judges of the county from Nov. 12, 1813, to July 30, 1818, ap- pointed by Governor Snyder, when, owing to his dis- like of Samuel D. Franks, who had been appointed president judge of the courts, he resigned; was bur- gess of the borough 1820 and 1821, and was fre- quently a member of the Council. He served as prothonotary from Jan. 17, 1824, to Jan. 29, 1830. Judge Fahnestock died at Harrisburg, March 2, 1840, aged seventy years. He married, April 19, 1796, Anna Maria Gessell, born Jan. 9, 1777 ; died Dec. 3, 1844. CONRAD FAHNESTOCK. Conrad Fahnestock, son of Peter Fahnestock and Elizabeth Bolthouser, was born at Ephrata, Lan- caster Co., Pa., in 1763. He received a fair education at the German school there, and learned the art of printing with the Ephrata brethren. He came to Harrisburg in 1791, and engaged with his brother Obed in merchandising. Subsequently he entered into partnership with Benjamin Mayer in the publi- cation of the Morgenrothe, or " Dutch Aurora," as it was commonly called. Under the infamous alien and sedition act of the administration of the elder Adams, Messrs. Mayer & Fahnestock were arrested by United States officers and thrown into prison, but promptly released on bail. They were never tried. Shortly afterwards Mr. Fahnestock retired from the printing business and entered the mercantile trade at Middletown, where he died on the 30th of September, 1803. The Orach speaks of him as " an industrious, honest, and valuable member of society." BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 487 JOHN FAGER. John Fager, son of John Jacob Fager and Eosanna Lutz, was born June 10, 1768, in Oley township, Berks Co., Pa. His grandfather, John Henry Fager, born in 1714, in Germany, married Susanna M. Leuter, and emigrated to America, settling in Oley township, Berlra Co., where he died in 1778. His son, John Jacob, born 1738, in the Palatinate, died in 1815, at Harrisburg, married Rosanna Lutz, born 1739; died 1802. Their son, John, learned the trade of a hatter in Reading, and came to Harrisburg about 1790, where for a number of years he carried on the busi- ness. He was one of the founders of the Evangelical JOHN II. FAGER, M.D. John Henry F.ager, son of John Fager and Sarah Cleckner, was born in the year 1806, at Harrisburg, Pa. He received careful training and a good education. He read medicine with Dr. Martin Luther, one of the more prominent of the early physicians at Harris- burg, and attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1829 he began the practice of his profession at Harrisburg, whicli he continued until his death, a period of forty-three years. In 1840, his attention being called to the homceopathic system, the doctor commenced the study of the new theory, and afterwards adopted it in his practice. ^^i> Kp Lutheran Church at Harrisburg in 1795 ; served as commissioner of the county of Dauphin, and for a number of years was a member of the Town Council. After retiring from active business, late in life, he was the collector of tolls at the east end of the Harris- burg bridge. He died at Harrisburg on the 10th of May, 1848, lacking one month of being eighty years of age. Mr. Fager married Sarah Cleckner, born 1772° died 1844, at Harrisburg, daughter of Frederick Cleckner, Sr., one of the first settlers at Harrisburg. They had ten children, of whom reached mature years were Sarah, married George Adams, of Harrisburg; Catharine, married Frederick Kelker, of Harrisburg ; Samuel, George C, and John H. 'e(^jp(-^t-- He was quite a successful physician, and enjoyed the confidence of the community. Apart from his pro- fessional life, Dr. Fager was a valued citizen. For thirty-three years he was a member of the school board, during most of which period he was secre- tary or treasurer; for several terms a member of the Borough Council, and for fifty years an active worker in the Sunday-school of the First Lutheran Church. He died Aug. 18, 1872, aged sixty-five years. Dr. Fager was twice married, — first, to Eliza Jones (1810-1834), and had Albert J., who served as first lieutenant in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and now an alderman of the city of Harrisburg. He 488 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. married, secondly, Mary H. Buffington, daughter of Joha Buffington and Isabella Fulton, and they had Dr. Charles B. (see biographical sketch), Ella E., Bella F., Annie M., and Dr. John H. CAPT. GEORGE W. FENN. George Washington Fenn was born at East Canaan, Litchfield Co., Conn., on the 20th of March, 1845. His father's name was Benjamin Sedgwick Fenn, and his mother's maiden name was Sarah Scranton, of East Guilford, New Haven Co., Conn. George died at Harrisburg, July 29, 1866, aged twenty-one years, four months, and nine days. He married Annie E. Roberts, daughter of Joseph Roberts, of Harrisburg, Pa., Aug. 28, 1864. He finished his education at the Lancaster, Pa., high school ; was a good mathemati- cian, good grammarian, and had some knowledge of Latin. He was an apt scholar, and could master almost any study in a short time. He was for some time employed in the printing-office of his uncle, Theo. Fenn, Esq., acting in the capacity of reporter of local news. He removed with his uncle to Harrisburg in 1859, and was employed as a reporter in the State Senate. He raised a volunteer company in Harris- burg in 1864, called the Verbeke Guards, which was attached to the Two Hundred and Tenth Regiment, commanded by Col. J. "Wesley Awl. He and part of his company were taken prisoners by Early's men in the' Shenandoah Valley. The rebels stripped him of part of his clothing, and traveled him barefooted to Lynchburg or Staunton, but he eventually escaped and returned home before the end of the war, and was assigned to the Provost- Marshal's Department, holding court-martials, etc. After the war he, with Samuel B. Coles, established a printing-office in Ly- kens, from which they issued the Upper Dauphin Register, an office afterwards purchased by his brother, Samuel M. Fenn, altering the name to Lykens Register, and continued ever since. * COL. PHILIP FBTTERHOFF. Philip Fetterhoff', son of Frederick Fetterhofl" and Susanna Heckert, was a native of Lancaster County, Pa., born Sept. 2, 1788. His father removed to Upper Paxtang township prior to 1806, and established a mill in what is now Jackson township. He was brought up to the occupation of his father. He com- manded a company from his neighboriiood which marched to the defense of Baltimore in 1814. After his return he was chosen colonel of one of the militia battalions. He was elected coroner of the county, serving from Oct. 24, 1821, to Nov. 20, 1824, and filled a number of local offices. Col. Fetterhoff died at his residence in Jackson township on the 4th of Septem- ber, 1833. He married, in 1811, Eve Bayer, and left four children. GOVERNOR WILLIAM FINDLAT. William Findlay, the second son of Samuel Find- lay and Jane Smith, was born near Mercersburg, Franklin Co., Pa., June 20, 1768. His progenitor, beyond whom he never traced his lineage, was Adjt. Brown, as he was called, who took part in the famous siege of Derry, and afterwards emigrated to America with his daughter Elizabeth. The daughter married Samuel Findlay, of Philadelphia. A son by this marriage settled, about 1756, in Cumberland (now Franklin) County, Pa. In the year 1765 he married Jane Smith, a daughter of William Smith. She died in her thirty-fifth year, the mother of eight boys, six of whom survived her. The subject of this sketch was the second of this family of sons. The Scotch- Irish settlers appreciated the importance of a good education. A knowledge of the common English branches they deemed indispensable for all their children, while one son in a family at least, if it could be accomplished by any reasonable sacrifice, received a classical education. William, in his boy- hood, displayed that activity of mind and thirst for knowledge which were the characteristics of his man- hood. His leisure hours were devoted to reading such books as were accessible. His instruction was, how- ever, such as could be obtained in the schools of the neighborhood. The meagre advantages afforded him were studiously improved, and the natural activity of his mind and his ambition to excel enabled him to make substantial acquirements. On the 7th of December, 1791, he was married to Nancy Irwin, daughter of Archibald Irwin, of Frank- lin County, and commenced life as a farmer on a portion of his father's estate which, at the death of his father, in 1799, he inherited. He was a political disciple and a great admirer of Mr. Jeiferson. The first office which he ever held was a military one, that of brigade inspector of mili- tia, requiring more of business capacity than knowl- edge of tactics. To the veterans of the Revolutionary war it was given to become generals and colonels. In the autumn of 1797, that immediately succeeding the inauguration of John Adams as President of the United States, at a time when the only newspaper published in Franklin County was the organ of the Federalists, with its columns strictly closed against the Republicans, Mr. Findlay was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the State Legisla- ture, which then sat in Philadelphia. He was again elected to the House in 1803. Mr. Jefferson had suc- ceeded Mr. Adams in the Presidency, and the Repub- licans were in the ascendant in both national and State governments. The capital had, by the act of April 3, 1799, been temporarily established at Lan- caster. Mr. Findlay, at this session, proposed that it should be permanently established at Harrisburg. ' The proposition then failed ; but it was eventually carried, and in 1812 the removal was effected. He proved himself a leading member, and one pf th9 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 489 most useful in the House, being placed in the most responsible positions. When the act to revise the judiciary system was before the House, Mr. Findlay offered additional sections, providing that a plaintiff might file a statement of his cause of action, instead of a declaration ; for reference of matters in dispute to arbitration ; that proceedings sliould not be set aside for informality ; that pleadings might be amended, and amicable actions and judgments en- tered without the agency of an attorney. GOVETINOR WlLLIASr FINDLAV. These provisions were not then adopted, but they afterwards became and still are a part of the statute law. The object aimed at by their mover was doubt- le.ss to enable parties to conduct their own cases in court without professional assistance. This the enact- ments have failed to accomplish ; but they have been of great advantage to attorneys themselves, enabling them to cure their own errors and omissions, to which they as well as the unlearned are liable. On the 13th of January, 1807, Mr. Findlay was elected State treasurer, whereupon he resigned his seat in the House. From that date until the 2d of December, 1817, when he resigned to assume the duties of chief magistrate, a period of nearly eleven years, lie was annually re-elected by the Legislature to that office, in several instances unanimously, and always by a strong majority, not uncommonly being supported by members politically opposed to him. During nearly four years of this time the United States were at war with England, and the resources of the country were severely taxed. In 1817, Mr. Findlay was nominated by the Re- publicans as their candidate for Governor. Gen. Joseph Hiester was selected by a disaflected branch of the Republican party, styled Old School men, to oppose him, who was supported also by the Federal- ists. The result was a triumph for Findlay, who was elected by a majority of over seven thousand votes. In 1820, Governor Findlay again received the unanimous nomination of the Republicans for re- election, and Joseph Hiester was nominated, as before, by the Republicans of the Old School, and was supported by the Federalists en masse. the Constitution of 1790 the patronage of the Execu- tive was immense. To him was given the power of appointing, with few exceptions, every State and county officer. This power, considered so dangerous that, by the Constitution of 1838 and subsequent amendments, the Executive has been stripped of it almost entirely, was, in fact, dangerous only to the Governor himself For while he might attach one person to him by making an appointment, the score or two who were disappointed became, if not active political opponents, at least lukewarm friends. Many trained and skillful politicians had been alienated from the support of Governor Findlaj' by their in- ability to share or control patronage. The result was the election of his opponent. At the general elections of 1821 the Republicans regained ascendancy in the Legislature. At the ses- sion of 1821-22, while Governor Findlay was quietly spending the winter with a friend and relative in Franklin County, he received notice that he had been elected to the Senate of the United States for the full term of six years from the preceding 4th of March. He immediately set out for the capital, where he took his seat, and served the entire ternr with distinguished ability. While he was in the Senate two of his brothers, Col. John Findlay, of Chambersburg, and Gen. James Findlay, of Cincin- nati, Ohio, were members of the national House of Representatives. After the expiration of his sena- torial term he was appointed by President Jackson treasurer of the United States Mint at Philadelphia. This office he held until the accession of Gen. Harri- son to the Presidency, when, unwilling, at his ad- vanced age, to be longer burdened with its cares and responsibilities, he resigned. The remainder of his life was spent in retirement with the family of his son-in-law, Governor Shunk, at whose residence, in Plarrisburg, he died on the 12th of November, 1846, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. In person Governor Findlay was tall, with fair complexion and dark-brown hair. He had a vigor- ous constitution and a cheerful disposition. He was affable and courteous in his address, fond of con- versation, but did not monopolize it. He understood and practiced the habits of a good listener. He ex- hibited great tact in drawing out the reserved and taciturn, and enabling them to figure well in con- versation by giving rein to their hobbies. He pos- sessed a remarkably tenacious memory of names and faces. After a long separation, he could recognize and call by name a person with whom he had had but a short and casual interview. His acquaintance was probably more extensive and his personal friends more numerous than those of almost any other public man of his day. Under ISAAC S. FINNEY. Isaac S. Finney, son of George Washington Finney and Elspey Smith, was born Sept. 6, 1835, at Hali- 490 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. fax, Dauphin Co., Pa. He entered the navy as third assistant engineer in 1859, and joined the " Mystic," which was detailed for duty on the coast of Africa. On the 25th of November, 1861, he was promoted to the rank of second assistant engineer. He after- ward joined the " Tuscarora," and was present during the engagement at Fort Fisher, and while engaged in the pursuit of the "Alabama," and remained on her till 1864, when he was promoted to the rank of first assistant engineer and ordered to shore duty ; but this only lasted for a few days, for on the 23d of June he was ordered to join the frigate " Susque- hanna," belonging to the North Atlantic squadron, and remained on her till the 25th of June, 1866, when he went on shore duty at the Philadelphia and Portsmouth navy-yards for a brief period of time. On the 25th of May, 1867, he joined the "Minne- sota," and remained on her till the 31st of January, 1868. On the 26th of January, 1870, he joined the frigate " Colorado," fitting out for the Asiatic squad- ron, and remained on her till she wen1; out of com- mission on the 25th of March, 1873. Upon his re- turn he obtained his promotion to chief engineer. During the " Virginius" excitement, and when a war with Spain appeared probable, he voluntarily relin- quished the agreeable position he held of superinten- dent of the construction of government machinery at Newburgh, on the Hudson, to join his old ship the " Colorado." From the evil effects of his six months' sojourn on board that vessel off the coast of Cuba and Key West he never recovered, and died at Brook- lyn, N. Y., on the 19th of November, 1874. He was interred in the family burial lot in the Harrisburg Cemetery. GEORGE FISHER. George Fisher, the son of John and Catharine Fisher, influential Quakers of Philadelphia, was born in that city Feb. 10, 1732. His father pur- chasing a large tract of land on the Swatara, con- veyed it to the son in 1754, and on which he settled about the same year. Foreseeing the advantages, George Fisher, in 1775, laid out a town on the high- est portion of his farm, naming it Middletown. He married, in 1755, Hannah, daughter of Jonas Cham- berlain, of Sadsbury township, Lancaster Co., Pa., by whom he had three children,— John, George, and Hannah. Mr. Fisher died Feb. 21, 1777. By will he devised to his son John the homestead, and to his son George the plantation at the mouth of the Swa- tara, his daughter receiving, in lieu of land, eight hundred pounds. John Fisher became a physician, and George Fisher a lawyer of considerable reputa- tion at the Dauphin County bar. The latter was the father of Judge Fisher, of York. R. JACKSON FLEMING. Robert Jackson Fleming, the son of Samuel Flem- ing and Sarah Becket, was born Nov. 16, 1803, in Hanover township, Washington Co., Pa. He re- ceived an academical education, and while yet a young man became a teacher and lecturer on Eng- lish grammar and on music, and took a trip to the then West, lecturing on his favorite topic. In 1834 he established the coach-making business on an ex- tensive scale at Harrisburg, and continued it with success until his entire establishment was destroyed by fire June 15, 1865. He did not resume it. He built at his shop the first eight-wheel passenger-car which ran on the Pennsy vania Railroad, between Co- lumbia and Philadelphia, also the first on the Wil- liamsport and Elmira Railroad, taking it up the canal on a flat-boat. He was appointed notary public in 1861, and held the office until his death, for years doing the business of the Harrisburg National Bank in this official capacity. He died at Harrisburg, Dec. 2, 1874, in the seventy -second year of his age. He was deservedly honored in his adopted city as an upright and enterprising citizen, a man of intelligent and high moral character, and in the Presbyterian Church of which he was a lifelong member he was one of its elders for twenty years. Mr. Fleming married in 1846, Sarah Ann Poor, of McConnellsville, Ohio, ' and left one son^ Samuel W. JAMES FLEMING, M.D. James Fleming, son of Samuel Fleming and Sarah Becket, was born June 25, 1810, in Washington County, Pa. In 1812 his parents removed to Hanover township, Dauphin Co., Pa., where his early years were passed. His boyhood was marked by a laudable ambition to excel in his studies, and the influence of his mother in this direction had its good effect not only during his youth, but throughout his life. Thrown upon his own resources at the age of eighteen, he resolved to educate himself by alter- nately acting as teacher and pupil, and pursued this course for seven years, thereby becoming conversant with the higher mathematics, the ancient languages, and French. Much of bis time was passed in the States of Kentucky and Ohio. About 1835 he com- menced the study of medicine, and graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in March, 1838. For four years he practiced his profession, but finding the duties too arduous for his slender constitution, his attention was drawn to the science of dental surgery, then comparatively in its infancy. Observing the necessity for good operators in this field, he went to Philadelphia and acquired a thor- ough knowledge of that specialty. Returning to Harrisburg, he met with deserved and well-marked success. During the remainder of his life he was a frequent contributor to both medical and dental journals, and occasionally to the newspaper press. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Association of Dental Surgeons and of the American Society, and one of the original advocates of the establish- ment of a dental college at Philadelphia, in which BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 491 he was subsequently tendered a professorship, but declined. He was twice the recipient of the honor- ary degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. He was a director of the Harrisburg National Bank, president of the board of school directors, and an elder of the First Presbyterian Church. He died at Harrisburg, Jan. 30, 1875, in his sixty-fifth year. Dr. Fleming married, in 1852, Jeannette Street, daughter of Col. Thaddeus Street and Martha Davenport Reynolds, of Cheshire, Conn., a lineal descendant of Rev. John Davenport, the founder of New Haven. Her mater- nal grandmother, Martha Davenport, was a descend- ant of Oliver Wolcott, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Their children were Helen Street, married Daniel P. Bruner, a lawyer and civil engi- neer, and William Reynolds. ROBBBT FLEMING. Robert Fleming, the fourth son of Robert Fleming and Jane Jackson, was born in Chester County, Pa., June 6, 1756. His parents were natives of Argyle- shire, Scotland, who subsequently removed to Ireland, and from thence emigrated to America, about 1746, settling near Flemington, Chester Co. Prior to the Revolution they located within the limits of the " New Purchase," on the West Branch of the Susque- ^L£y7^i>yH^ hanna, but during the "Great Runaway," in 1778, they sought refuge among some friends in nbw Dau- phin County. About 1784 they removed to Hanover township, Washington Co., Pa., locating on Harmon's Creek, where they resided at the time of their death, Robert Fleming at ninety-six and his wife at ninety- four. Robert Fleming, the subject of this notice, re- mained in Dauphin County ; purchased land in Han- over township, on which he resided during his life- time. On the 6th of February, 1783, he married Margaret, daughter of John Wright. He was one of the founders of the Harrisburg Bank, and instru- mental in the erection of the Harrisburg bridge. He was an officer in the volunteer force of 1812, and filled' acceptably various local offices. He was an elder in the Hanover Church during the ministra- tions of Rev. James Snodgrass. He died Feb. 4, 1817, and his wife Dec. 12, 1813, aged fifty-nine years. JOHN FORD. John Ford, son of Peter Ford and Rebecca Shipe, was born in the town of York, Pa., Jan. 5, 1780. His father was a silversmith, and an emigrant from Eng- land, and was an officer in one of the associated bat- talions of York County, serving in the war for inde- pendence. John received a fair English education. 492 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. learned the trade of his father, and also that of a gun- smith. He came to Harrisburg in 1801, and estab- lished himself in business, which he continued quite successfully up to within a few years of his death. He was appointed State armorer in 1817, and super- intendent of the arsenal at Harrisburg, an office he filled many years. He died at Harrisburg, Jan. 31, 1862, at the age of eighty-two years. He was a man of enterprise and ingenuity, scrupulously honest and upright. Mr. Ford married, in 1803, Mary Schnevely, of Cumberland County, Pa., born .June 12, 1781 ; died Dec. 2.5, 1830. They had children as follows : George (married Catharine, daughter of George Stehley), Julianna (married John Wetzel), Maria (married Samuel Sloan), Charles, Susan (married George Welker), Eliza (married, first, Louis Shuler; second, Samuel Brenizer), Catharine (married George Balsley), and William. tion" of 1794, and was on that expedition as an aid to Gen. Murray. He subsequently read law with Gen. Hanna, but never applied for admission, turn- ing his attention to mercantile pursuits, in which he ' was very successful. During the military era of the government prior to the war of 1812 he was colonel of State militia, and in 1814, when the troops from Pennsylvania marched to the defense of the be- leaguered city of Baltimore, he was placed in com- mand of a brigade of volunteers. For his gallant services in that campaign the thanks of the general j commanding were tendered in special orders. He served in the State Senate from 1814 to 1818. Gen. Forster was cashier of the Harrisburg Bank for a period of at least sixteen years, established the Bank of Lewistown, and in 1840 was cashier of the Ex- change Bank of Pittsburgh. He subsequently be- came president of the branch bank at Hollidays- ^"^r^^i SEN. JOHN FORSTER. John Forster, the son of John Forster and Catha- rine Dickey, daughter of Moses Dickey, was born in Paxtang township, Lancaster Co., now Su.squehanna township, Dauphin Co., Pa., on the 17th of Septem- ber, 1777. He received a good education, and was at Princeton when a call was made by President Wash- ington for volunteers to march to Western Pennsyl- vania to put down the so-called " Whiskey lusurrec- burg, but in a few years retired from all business pursuits and returned to his home at Harrisburg. He died there on the 28th of May, 1868, at the ad- vanced age of almost eighty-six years. Gen. Forster was faithful, honest, and upright in all his business connections, and a good financier. Gen. Forster married, first, Mary Elder, daughter of John Elder, and granddaughter of Rev. John Elder, of Pa.xtang, and their children were John, BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 493 Joshua, Catharine, married Henry Antes; Rev. Thomas, of Mount Clement, Mich. ; William, of Lancaster County ; and Theodore, of St. Louis, Mo., a representative man of that metropolis. He mar- ried, secondly, Margaret Snodgrass, daughter of Ben- jamin Law, of Mifflin, Pa., and widow of Eev. James H. Stewart,^ a Presbyterian clergyman of the Kisha- coquillas Valley. Their children were Benjamin L., a lawyer of Harrisburg ; Margaret S., married Maj. Edwin Vose Sumner, U.S.A., son of Gen. Sumner, of Fort Robinson, N. Y. ; Ellen Rutherford, married George C. Bent, of Harrisburg ; and Mary Elizabeth, married James Edward Cann, paymaster U.S.A. THOMAS PORSTER, ESQ. Thomas Forster (1st) was a native of County An- trim, Ireland, of Scotch parentage, born in 1696. He emigrated to America at an early period, and was among the first who took up land in what is now Pax- tang township. He was a gentleman of means, had received a good education, and was for many years one of the Provincial magistrates. He was removed late in life, on account of his refusal to oust some squatters on Proprietary lands. He was a prominent personage on the then frontiers of the Province in civil affairs, and much interested in the establishment of Paxtang Church, to which he donated a valuable tract of land. During the Indian troubles he greatly assisted in preparing for the defense of the border settlements, and his name appears frequently in the voluminous correspondence preserved in the archives of the State. He died in Paxtang, 25th of July, 1772, aged seventy-six years, and is buried in the old church graveyard. Mr. Forster was never married ; the prin- cipal part of his estate went to his brother John and nephew Thomas Forster, the latter named for him. COL. THOMAS FORSTER. Thomas Forster (2d), the son of John Forster, brother of Thomas Forster, Esq., and Catherine Dickey, was born in Paxtang township, Dauphin Co., Pa., on the 16th of May,. 1762. He received a good education and was brought up as a surveyor. During the latter part of the Revolution was in arms for the defense of the frontiers. In 1794, during the so-called Whiskey Insurrection, he served as colonel of one of the volunteer regiments in that expedition. He was one of the associate judges of Dauphin County, appointed Oct. 26, 1793, by Governor Mifllin, resigning Dec. 3, 1798, having been elected one of the representatives of the State Legislature that year. At the close of 1799 or early in 1800, as the agent of the Harrisburg and Presqu' Isle Land Company, he permanently removed to Erie. In the affairs incident to the early settlement of that town and the organ- ization of that county he took a prominent part. He was one of the first street commissioners of the town, president of the Erie and Waterford Turnpike Com- pany, one of the directors of the first library company and its librarian, and captain of the first military company formed at Erie, and which, in 1812, was in service at Buffalo, Capt. Forster being promoted brigade inspector. In 1823 he was appointed by Governor Shulze one of the commissioners to explore the route for the Erie extension of the Pennsylvania Canal, and in 1827 was chairman of the meeting organizing St. Paul's Episcopal Church. In 1823 he was appointed by President Adams collector of the port at Erie, and successively commissioned by Presi- dents Jefferson, Madison, J. Q. Adams, and Jackson, filling the ofiice until his death, which occurred at Erie, June 29, 1836. Col. Forster married, Oct. 5, 1786, Sarah Pettit Montgomery, daughter of the Rev. Joseph Montgomery, a member of the Confederated Congress. She died at Erie, July 27, 1808. 1 They had one son, Dr. James H. Stewart, assistant surgeon U.S.N., and was lost on the " Porpoise," which went down in the China Sea in 1864. JOHN FOX. John Fox, son of John Fox and Ann Margaret Rupert, was born June 10, 1780, near Hummelstown, Dauphin Co., Pa. He was educated in the country schools of the neighborhood, and a farmer by occupa- tion. He became quite prominent and influential in the political affairs of the county, and served as a member of the House of Representatives of Penn- sylvania from 1831 to 1833. He filled the office of sheriff from Oct. 14, 1833, to Oct. 21, 1836, and again from Oct. 19, 1839, to Oct. 24, 1842. Apart from these positions of trust and honor, he served his neighbors in the various township oflices with fidelity. He died at his residence in Hummelstown, July 19, 1853, aged seventy-three years. He was a represen- tative man, not only of his family but of the county, a faithful officer, of strict integrity, upright and con- scientious in all his relations with his fellow-men. GOVERNOR JOHN W. GEARY. John White Geary, the son of -Richard Geary and Margaret White, was born Dec. 30, 1819, near Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Co., Pa. The father was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, a native of Franklin County, and a man of education, refined tastes, and superior moral excellence. His mother was born in Washing- ton County, Md. They removed to Westmoreland County soon after their marriage, where Richard Geary engaged at first in the manufacture of iron, which proving unsuccessful, he resorted to teaching, a profession he pursued the remainder of his life. The son turned to commercial pursuits, but con- vinced by a short experience in a wholesale house in Pittsburgh that this would not prove to him a satisfactory sphere of life, he yielded to his natu- ral predilections for mathematics, and applied him- self to the study of civil engineering. Having mas- 494 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. tered the principles of that profession, he commenced the study of the law, in the belief that it would in- crease the chances of a successful career, and was ad- mitted to the bar, though intending to adopt engi- neering as his fixed vocation. With this end in view he went to Kentucky, where he was engaged, partly in the employ of the commonwealth and partly in that of the Green Elver Railroad Company, to make a survey of several important lines of public works. His success in the Southwest opened the way to advancement in his native State, and he soon after became assistant superintendent and engineer of the '^'^S^ GOVERNOR JOHN yv. GEAltV. Allegheny Portage Railroad. While occupied with the duties of this position, in the month of May, 1846, President Polk sent a message to Congress, in- forming that body that " war existed with this coun- try by the act of Mexico," and asking for men and money to enable him to maintain the rights and vin- dicate the honor of the government. The burst of enthusiasm was instantaneous. and general, and Geary was among the first who responded to the call for volunteers, in a short time raising a company in Cam- bria County, to which he gave the name of American Highlanders. At Pittsburgh, his command was in- corporated with the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, commanded by Col. Roberts, of which he was im- mediately elected ligutenant-colonel. The regiment joined the army of General Scott at Vera Cruz, and served with conspicuous gallantry in Quitman's divi- sion during the memorable advance upon the Mexican capital. Lieut.-Col. Geary's first experience of actual war was in the partial though spirited action of the Pass of La Hoya. In the storming of Chapultepec he was wounded, and in the assault upon the immedi- ate defenses of the city, at the Garita de Belen,he again led his regiment with so much judgment, coolness, and intrepidity that upon the capture he was assigned to the command of the great citadel, as a mark of QuiLnian's appreciation of his services. From the time when the army entered the valley of Mexico, Col. Roberts was disqualified for duty by sickness, and the command of the regiment devolved upon the lieutenant-colonel. Shortly after the surrender of the capital. Col. Roberts died, and Lieut.-Col. Geary was elected to succeed him. On the 22d of January, 1849, President Polk, in grateful recognition of his services in the Mexican war, appointed Col. Geary postmaster of San Fran- cisco and mail agent for the Pacific coast, with au- thority to create post-offices, appoint postmasters, es- tablish mail routes, and make contracts -for carrying the mails throughout California. Having received his commission, on the 1st of February, in company with his wife and child, sailed from New York for the Pacific coast. On the 1st of April he landed safely at San Francisco, and entered at once upon the discharge of his duties. For a time he was obliged to content himself with the rudest accommo- dations, and to perform his work under many disad- vantages. But here, as in all previous situations, his methodical turn and practical tact soon enabled him to improvise all needful facilities, and brought the labors of the oifice under an easy and expeditious management. The intelligent and obliging dispatch with which Col. Geary had discharged his duties as postmaster and mail agent so won the confidence and esteem of the people of San Francisco, that when the time ar- rived for the election of town officers he was unani- mously chosen first alcalde, though there were ten different tickets submitted to the choice of the voters. Shortly afterwards this mark of appreciation on the part of the citizens was followed by another equally flattering on the part of the military governor of the Territory, Brig.-Gen. Riley, who appointed him judge of first instance. These offices were of Mexican origin, and they imposed onerous and important duties. The alcalde was sheriff, probate judge, re. corder, notary public, and coroner. The court of first instance exercised both civil and criminal juris- diction throughout the city, and besides this adjudi- cated all those cases arising under the port regula- tions which usually fall within the cognizance of courts of admiralty. At the close of his first term he was re-elected, receiving all but four votes of the whole number cast, and continued in office until the Mexican institutions were superseded by the Ameri- can forms of municipal government. In a vote upon the first city charter and for officers I to serve thereunder. May 1, 1850, Judge Geary was elected first mayor of San Francisco by a large ma- jority. As mayor, he rendered valuable service in perfecting the municipal organization, in restraining the tendency to extravagant expenditure of the public funds, sustaining the city's credit by judicious man- agement of its finances, and by an honest disposal of the public property saved to the corporation many millions of dollars. Owing to the failing health of his wife. Col. Geary, on the 1st of February, 1852, sailed from San Fran- cisco, intending to go back and remain permanently in California, but the death of the former and other BIOGKAPHICAL HISTORY. 495 circumstances unforeseen caused him to change his purpose, and gave a new direction to his whole course of life. After having spent about three years in re- tirement, and had in a measure brought the condition of his farm into conformity with his own ideal of what such an estate should be. President Pierce invited him to Washington for the purpose of tendering to him the Governorship of Utah, which, after due ac- knowledgment of the compliment, he respectfully declined. Not the government of Utah but of Kansas was the great problem of Mr. . Pierce's administration. A bloody civil strife was being waged in that Territory, and the political state- of the whole country was con- vulsed on the subject of its affairs. One Governor had been removed for refusing to conform strictly to the Federal policy in regard to slavery, and another was preparing to flee from the Territory through fear of assassination. In view of the pressing exigency, the thoughts of the President reverted to Col. Geary, and after consultation in July he was appointed Gov- ernor of Kansas, and proceeded immediately to his new field of labor, arriving at Fort Leavenworth on the 9th of September, 1856. His administration ex- tended only from that date to March, 1857. Governor Geary was at his farm in Westmoreland when the sound of the Rebellion's first gun broke upon the ear of the nation. Early on the morning follow- ing the eventful day he drove his farm-wagon to the neighboring village, and there first heard the news of the assault upon Fort Sumter. In. less than an hour after reading the telegram he had opened an oiBce for the enlistment of volunteers. As soon as he could communicate with the President he tendered his services, and was immediately commissioned col- onel, withauthority to raise a regiment for the defense of the Union. In the course of a few weeks he re- ceived applications from sixty-six companies, solicit- ing permission to join his command. On account of the numerous and urgent appeals he was permitted to increase his regiment to sixteen companies, with one battery of six guns, making the full complement to consist of fifteen hundred and fifty-one officers and men. The artillery company was that which subse- quently became so celebrated as Knapp's Battery. Of Gen. Geary's services during the Eebellion we shall not refer further than to say they were brilliant, and gave him honor few enjoyed, and when the war closed he had reached the rank of major-general. When, in the spring of 1866, the Eepublican lead- ers began to consider the important question of select- ing a candidate for the chief magistracy of the State, it soon became apparent that the name of Gen. Geary was everywhere received with favor. His ripe expe- rience in the conduct of civil affairs and his distin- guished services in the field commended him alike to the gratitude of the popular heart and the sanction of the popular judgment. After a very spirited can- vass he was elected over his competitor, Hiester Cly- mer, by a majority of over seventeen thousand votes, and was inaugurated on the 15th of January, 1867. Governor Geary was elected to a second term, which he filled with acknowledged ability. A few weeks after his successor in office was inaugurated he died sud- denly while sitting at the breakfast-table. The entire city and State were shocked by the unexpected event. The Legislature, then in session, at once adopted measures for the funeral obsequies at the State's ex- pense. To no former Executive had ever such a dis- tinction been accorded, and every respect that could be shown was paid to his memory. He was buried at Harrisburg, and over his grave the State he loved so well and served so faithfully erected a monument of bronze creditable to the great commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Governor Geary married, on the 12th of February, 1843, Margaret Ann Logan, daughter of James R. Logan, of Westmoreland County. Three sons were the issue of this marriage, one of whom died in in- fancy, another, Edward E., killed in the battle of Wauhatchie, and the other, William, a graduate of West Point and lieutenant in the United States army. Mrs. Geary died on the 28th of February, 1853, and in November, 1858, Governor Geary was married to Mrs. Mary C. Henderson, daughter of Robert R. Church, of Cumberland County. After Governor Geary's death his widow married Dr. H. Earnest Goodman, of Philadelphia. MOSES GILLMOK. Moses Gillmor was born in the townland of Burt, parish of Templemore, county of Donegal, six miles from the city of Londonderry, province of Ulster, Ireland, about the year 1749. Until his seventeenth year he remained in Ireland, when he came with an uncle to America, settling in Hanover township, Lancaster (now Dauphin) Co., Pa. Prior to the Revolution he returned to Ireland on business con- nected with his father's estate, but the breaking out of the war delayed his return until about 1783. The next year, November, 1784, according to Parson Elder's marriage record, he married Isabel Wallace, third daughter of Robert and Mary Wallace, of Han- over. Upon the laying out of the town of Harris- burg in 1785, Mr. Gillmor purchased a lot on Market Square, built a house, and established himself in the mercantile business, which he successfully carried on a number of years. He was quite prominent in local political affairs, and in the church of which he was one of the founders — the First Presbyterian — he was an elder for thirty-four years. Mr. Gillmor died at Harrisburg, June 10, 1825, aged seventy-six years, and with his wife, Isabel (born in 1755, died Sept. 16, 1828), is buried in Paxtang Church graveyard. Their children were Thomas, born 1785, died 1793 ; Mary, born 1787, died 1798 ; William, born 1789, died Aug. 28, 1856 ; Robert, born 1791, died Nov. 13, 1867 ; Margaret, born 1793, died 1839. 496 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. COL. CHRISTIAN GLBIM. Christian Gleim, fourth son of George Christian Gleim and Anna Maria Mathias, was born Jan. 10, 1780. He received a fair education and subsequently went to Philadelphia, where he entered the printing- office of Ezra Bailey, serving with Duane, Binns, Marshall, Wynkoop, and others who became men of note. He next went to Kichmond, Va., and thence to Baltimore. There he married Martha Henry, daughter of John Henry. In 1812, Mr. Gleim settled in Harrisburg, and was appointed printer of the Senate Journal in English. He served as ensign of Capt. Thomas Walker's company, and returned as payma8ter United States volunteers. In October, 1821, he was elected sheriff of Dauphin County, serving three years. In 1880, Col. Gleim removed to Pittsburgh, where he resided until his death, which occurred Sept. 21, 1861. Col. Gleim was an enter- prising and prominent citizen of this locality sixty or seventy years ago. He was a highly-cultivated Christian gentleman. COL. ALEXANDER GRAYDON. Alexander Graydon (1st), born 1714, at Longford, Ireland, was brought under the care of his maternal grandfather in Dublin, and was designed for the pul- pit. He received a suitable education therefor, to which having added many of the accomplishments at that time in fashion, he became afterwards distin- guished in Philadelphia, both as a scholar and a gen- tleman. He emigrated to America in 1730, settling in Philadelphia, where he entered mercantile life. About 1740 he removed to Bristol, Bucks Co. Here, notwithstanding his Quaker surroundings, he was greatly esteemed and respected — nay, honored and revered — for his many excellent qualities of head and heart. Among the officers first enrolled for the de- fense of the Province of Pennsylvania we find the name of Alexander Graydon, as captain of a Bucks County company, in 1747, and subsequently as colonel of the county regiment. After the defeat of Brad- dock, when it was found necessary to raise troops for defensive operations against the marauding Indians, Col. Graydon was offered the position of field-officer in the Provincial corps, but declined the appointment. He died at Bristol in March, 1761, aged forty-seven years. He was " a man of unquestionable probity, and there was also much of attraction in his charac- ter." He was twice married, — first to a Miss Emerson, prior to his coming to America, and they had two children ; second, in 1750, to Eachel Marks (see bio- graphical sketch), and left four children, — Alexander, Eachel (married Dr. Andrew Forrest), Andrew, and William, concerning all of whom we shall make men- tion. CAPT. ALEXANDER GRAYDON. Alexander Graydon (the younger), son of Alex- ander Graydon and Rachel Marks, was born April 10, 1752 (N. S.), at Bristol, Bucks Co., Pa. At the age of six years he was sent to Philadelphia to the care of his maternal grandfather, and put to the school of David James Dove, an Englishman, and much celebrated in his day as a teacher. He was afterwards entered at the academy now the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, where he was placed in charge of the Rev. Mr. Kinnesley, teacher of English and Professor of Oratory. In 1761 he entered the Latin school of John Beverage. At the age of sixteen he left college, and some eighteen months after com- menced the study of law with his uncle, Edward Biddle, Esq., of Philadelphia. In 1773 he was, on account of impaired health, sent by the latter to York,- to the care of Samuel Johnson, prothonotary of the county and a lawyer of some prominence, where he remained about six months, when he re- turned to his home at Philadelphia. The study of law was continued, at the suggestion of bis uncle, with James Allen, second son of William Allen, then chief justice of Pennsylvania. About the time when he should have been admitted to the bar the war of the Revolution opened, and, imbued with the military ardor and patriotic spirit of the hour, he received the appointment and was commissioned captain Jan. 5, 1776, of Col. John Shee's (Third Pennsylvania) bat- talion. Of his services, his being taken prisoner at the capture of Fort Washington, on the Hudson, Nov. 16, 1776, and of his being released on parole, we can only refer to his " Memoirs." He was ex- changed in April, 1778. Having lost his rank by reason of his capture and parole, he did not again enter the service. His mother having removed to Reading during the occupancy of Philadelphia by the British, thither Alexander went, and being ad- mitted to the bar of Berks County, began the prac- tice of his profession. Upon the organization of the new county of Dauphin in 1785, through the influ- ence of Gen. Mifflin, Mr. Graydon was appointed by the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania prothonotary of the county. He removed there, and performed the duties of his office in a manner alike creditable to himself and advantageous to the public. During the Whiskey Insurrection of 1794, when Gen. Washington reached Harrisburg, the address of the burgesses was from the facile pen of Mr. Graydon, while upon the accession of John Adams to the Presidency, the letter of the citizens of the county to that functionary shows his elegant diction. Upon the election of Governor Thomas McKean, he was suddenly displaced from office. He then retired to a small farm near the borough, where he continued to reside until the year 1816, when he removed to Philadelphia with the intention of engaging in liter- ary pursuits, and, with a view to the increase of a very restricted income, of entering upon the business of a publisher. Ere he could mature the plans, however, he yielded to the mandate which all must obey, and closed this life on the 2d day of May, 1818. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 497 Mr. Graydon was twice married, — first to Wood, sister of Lieut.-Col. Joseph Wood, of Ool. Arthur St. Clair's (Second Pennsylvania) battalion of the Revo- lution, who died at Harrisburg in 1794. His second wife was Theodosia Pettit, daughter of Col. Charles Pettit, of Philadelphia, who survived her husband eighteen years. He had no children by either mar- riage. Mr. Graydon was ardently attached to litera- ture and to literary pursuits. He was a frequent and acceptable contributor to the Portfolio in its palm- iest days of popularity and influence. These contri- butions, which, for the most part, were modestly denominated " Notes of a Desultory ^^eader," contain his opinions of the authors whose works he had read, accompanied with occasional critiques upon their style, and all invariably written in a strain of candor and ease, affording indubitable evidence of the eleva- tion and purity of his own sentiments, and of an en- larged, well-disciplined, and highly-cultivated mind. These articles, with others written from time to time for the press, of which a memoranda list is in exist- ence, deserve to be collected in a volume and printed. In 1811 he published at Harrisburg " Memoirs of a Life chiefly passed in Pennsylvania within the last Sixty Years, with Occasional Remarks upon the Gen- eral Occurrences, Character, and Spirit of that Event- ful Period." In 1822, John Gait, of Edinburgh, well known for his valuable contributions to English lit- erature, caused its republication in that city, to which he prefixed a dedication to the American envoy then resident near the Court of St. James. In this dedi- cation he says of the " Memoirs :" " It is remarkable that a production so rich in the various excellences of style, description, and impartiality should not have been known to the collectors of American books in this country, especially as it is, perhaps, the best personal narrative that has yet appeared relative to the history of that great conflict which terminated in establishing the independence of the United States. The candor with respect to public occurrences which it displays, the views of manners in Pennsylvania prior to the memorable era of 1776, and the inci- dental sketches of historical characters with which it is enriched cannot fail to render the volume a valu- able addition to the stock of general knowledge, and will probably obtain for the author no mean place among those who have added permanent lustre to the English language." In 1846, John S. Littell, of Philadelphia, edited the work, with notes, index, etc., which was printed in an octavo of five hundred pages, changing the title to " Memoirs of His Own Times, with Reminiscences of the Men and Events of the Revolution," by Alexander Graydon. Of this edition many copies were issued, and it too has become rare. WILLIAM GRAYDON. William Graydon, the son of Alexander Graydon and Rachel Marks, was born near Bristol, Bucks Co., Pa., Sept. 4, 1759. He was educated in Philadelphia, 32 and studied law under Edward Biddle, of that city. He came to Harrisburg upon the organization of the county of Dauphin, and began the practice of his profession, being admitted at the May term, 1786. He was the first notary public, commissioned Sept. 2, 1791, and a leading man in the borough during the " mill-dam troubles" of 1794^95. He was many years a member of the Town Council and president thereof, and subsequently one of the burgesses. He was the author of " Forms of Conveyancing" (in two volumes), " The Justice's Assistant," and edited " An Abridgment of the Laws of the United States" in 1802. Mr. Graydon was prominent in the organiza- tion of the First Presbyterian Church, and for many years an elder thereof. He died at Harrisburg, on the 13th of October, 1840, in the eighty-second year of his age. " Mr. Graydon," says Rev. Dr. Robin- son, " was a man of fine literary tastes, was highly esteemed as a gentleman of the old school, in his manners refined, courteous, of unblemished integrity in the many trusts committed to him, of high and honorable principles, and in the church and walks of Christian life a man of true piety and deep devotion." H. Murray Graydon, of this city, and Dr. William Graydon, of Dauphin, are his sons. COL. TIMOTHY GREEN. Timothy Green, son of Robert Green, was born about 1733, in Hanover township, Lancaster (now Dauphin) Co., Pa. His father, of Scotch ancestry, came from the north of Ireland about 1725, locating near the Kittochtinny Mountains on Manada Creek. The first record we have of the son is subsequent to Braddock's defeat, when the frontier settlers were threatened with extermination by the marauding sav- ages. Timothy Green assisted in organizing a com- pany, and for at least seven years was chiefly in active service in protecting the settlers from the fury of the blood-thirsty Indian. In the Bouquet expedition he commanded a company of Provincial troops. For his services at this time the Proprietaries granted him large tracts of land in Buffalo Valley and on Bald Eagle Creek. At the outset of the Revolution Capt. Green became an earnest advocate for independence, and the Hanover resolutions of June 4, 1774, passed unanimously by the meeting of which he was chair- man, show that he was intensely patriotic. He was one of the Committee of Safety of the Province which met Nov. 22, 1774, in Lancaster, and issued hand-bills to the import that " agreeable to the re- solves and recommendations of the American Conti- nental Congress that the freeholders and others quali- fied to vote for representatives in Assembly choose by ballot sixty persons for a Committee of Observation to observe the conduct of all persons towards the ac- tions of the General Congress ; the committee, when elected, to divide the country into districts and ap- point members of the committee to superintend each district, and any six so appointed to be a quorum, 498 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. etc." Election was held on Thursday, 15th Decem- ber, 1774, and among others Timothy Green was elected from Hanover. This body of men were in correspondence with Joseph Keed, Charles Thomp- son, George Clymer, John Benezet, Samuel Meredith, Thomas Mifflin, etc., of Philadelphia, and others. They met at Lancaster again, April 27, 1775, when notice was taken of Gen. Gage's attack upon the in- habitants of Massachusetts Bay, and a general meet- ing called for the 1st of May at Lancaster. Subse- quently he organized the Hanover Battalion of Asso- cialors, most of the men being experienced riflemen, of which he became colonel. The command was in active service. Upon the erection of the county of Dauphin, Col. Green was the oldest justice of the peace in commis- sion, and under the Constitution of 1776 he was pre- siding justice of the courts. He continued therein until under the Constitution of 1790, which required the presiding judge "to be learned in the law," Judge Atlee was appointed. After his retirement Judge Green returned to his quiet farm at the mouth of Stony Creek, where he had erected a mill and other improvements. He died there on the 27th of February, 1812, and lies buried in the quiet graveyard on the hill back of the borough of Dauphin. Hon. Innis Green was his son. INNIS GREEN. Innis Green, the eldest son of Co). Timothy Green and -Mary Innis, was born in Hanover township, Dauphin Co., Pa., March 25, 1776. His early years were spent on his father's farm, but he received a tolerably fair English education, an essential in the Scotch-Irish settlements. His father, who built a mill at the mouth of Stony Creek about 1790, dying in 1812, Innis took charge of it. He was appointed one of the associate judges of Dauphin County by Governor Findlay, Aug. 10, 1818, resigning Oct. 23, 1827, having been elected to the National House of Representatives. He served during the Twentieth and Twenty-flrst Congresses. Governor Wolf, Jan. 26, 1832, reappointed him associate judge, a position he held at the time of his death, which occurred on the 4th of August, 1839. His remains lie interred in the cemetery at Dauphin. Judge Green laid out the town (which for many years went by the names of Port Lyon and Greensburg) about the year 1826. He married in 1804, Rebecca Murray, daughter of Col. John Murray, of the Revolution. JACOB M. HALDEMAN. Honeste Gaspard Haldimand (Caspar Haldeman), of Thun, Switzerland, became a citizen of Yverdun, Canton de Vaud, in 1671. His grandson Jacob, born Oct. 7, 1722, in the Canton of Neufchatel, died Dec. 31, 1784, in Rapho township, Lancaster Co., Pa., where he settled on first coming to this country, and purchased a considerable tract of land. He was a member of the Committee of Safety for his adopted shire on the breaking out of the war of the Revolution. Jacob Haldeman's near relative was the noted British general, Sir Frederick Haldimand, K.B., who served with distinction in the armies of Sardinia and Prussia, entered the military service of King George II. in 1754, was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Sixtieth Regiment Royal Americans, 1756. In 1776 he was commissioned a general in America, and sub- sequently commander-in-chief of His Majesty's forces as Governor of the Province of Quebec, where he re- ceived the honor of knighthood. May 19, 1778. A tablet has been greeted to the memory of Gen. Haldi- mand in Westminster Abbey, in the chapel of Henry VII. A niece of Sir Frederick was Jane Haldimand, Mrs. Dr. Alexander Marcet, a distinguished woman, and the fiirst writer to attempt to popularize science by the publication of her " Conversations on Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Botany, Mineralogy, Language, and Political Economy." Of this last work Macaulay said, " Every girl who has read Mrs. Marcet's little dialogues on political economy could teach Mon- tague or Walpole many lessons in finance," and Far- aday gleaned his first knowledge of science from the book which heads the list. Jacob Haldeman's son John (1753-1832) settled at Locust Grove, Lancaster Co., Pa. John's fourth son, Henry Haldeman, was the father of the distinguished Samuel Stehman Haldeman, LL.D., Professor of Com- parative Philology in the University of Pennsylvania. John Haldeman was an enterprising and influen- tial citizen. He was a large land-owner, and en- gaged largely in business pursuits, in partnership with Robert Ralston, of Philadelphia, in the China trade, and he was a member of the Bingham Court and First General Assembly of Pennsylvania. He resided at Locust Grove until late in life, when he re- moved to Columbia, in the same county, where both himself and wife died. Jacob M. Haldeman, second son of John and Mary (Breneman) Haldeman, obtained a good English and German education under the private instruction of an English officer, and seemingly inherited practical ideas from his father. At the age of nineteen he was sent on horseback by his father to Pittsburgh, making his journey through many Indian settlements, to pur- chase flour to send down the river in flat-boats to New Orleans. About 1806, assisted by his father, he purchased the water-power and forge at the mouth of Yellow Breeches Creek and established himself in the iron business. He added a rolling- and s1itting-mill, and by his energy and industry soon became one of the foremost iron manufacturers in the State. His superior iron found steady market, and upon the es- tablishment of the arsenal at Harper's Ferry he sup- plied the government with iron, especially during the war of 1812-14, which he forwarded across the South Mountain on muleback to the Ferry, where it was BIOGKAPHICAL HISTORY. 499 manufactured into guns, many of which may be seen to-day, stamped 1812. At that time he founded Haldemanstown, now called New Cumberland, at the junction of the creek and river, and it may be here remarked that it had been one of the points in question in the Congress at New York as the pro- posed site of the national capital, and he also built a saw-mill and grist-mill at the same place. Following the war of 1812, during the depression, he invested largely in farms and real estate, and en- gaged in the management of the same, a business so varied and large as to require his constant attention, and he managed it all without the aid of an assistant or clerk. In 1830 he removed to Harrisburg and purchased a residence built by Stephen A. Hills, architect of the capitol building, on Front Street, on the bank of the Susquehanna, where he continued to reside until his death. His connection with the Har- risburg Bank and the Harpsburg Bridge Company as president, with the Harrisburg Oar Company as one of its founders and a director, and with the Dauphin Deposit Bank as one of its founders made his name familiar in business and financial circles during his residence here, and made him known to the commu- nity as a man of sterling integrity, discretion, and superior business ability. He was never solicitous of public place or the emoluments of office, and led a strictly business life. As a citizen, he was independ- ent in his political views, was an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, and a contributor to all worthy local enterprises. His wife, Eliza E., daughter of Samuel Jacobs and Sarah Templin, and granddaughter of Richard Jacobs, of Wales, was born June 13, 1789, at Mount Hope Furnace, Lancaster Co., Pa. She survives in 1888, and occupies the homestead in Harrisburg, and al- though in her ninety-fifth year of age, she retains to a remarkable degree her faculties, and dictated many of the facts for this sketch. Mrs. Haldeman is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Their children are Sara Jacobs, widow of the late William W. Haly, of Cork, Ireland, a distinguished lawyer of Philadelphia, and author of " Troubat & Haly's Practice," resides at the homestead in Harrisburg. Mary Ewing was the wife of Eobert J. Boss, a banker of Harrisburg, and died in 1873. Caroline Jacobs, Elizabeth Templin, and Anne died young. John, born Sept. 19, 1821, died in Den- ver, Col., July 13, 1865. Jacob S., born Oct. 13, 1823, for many years president of the State Agricultural Society, ex-member of the State Legislature, and ex- Minister to Swe'den, resides in Harrisburg. Susan Frances, wife of Dr. Mortimer O'Connor, a graduate of the Dublin schools of medicine, and formerly a surgeon in the British service, and Eichard Jacobs Haldeman, born May 19, 1831, educated at Yale, Heidelberg, Germany, and Berlin, was editor and pro- prietor of the Harrisburg Patriot for several years, and the founder of the Harrisburg Daily Patriot, and member of Congress for two terms. HENRY HALL, M.D. Henry Hall, son of Elihu Hall and Catharine Or- rick, was born in Cecil County, Md., in 1772. His ancestor, Richard Hall, of Mount Welcome, was one of the earliest settlers at the Head of the Elk. Henry studied medicine, and came to Harrisburg in 1794, where, as was usual with our early physicians, he kept an " apothecary-shop." Dr. Hall's was " on the bank next to Mr. Elder's tavern." He was quite a suc- cessful practitioner, but died early, closing his young life on the 30th of May, 1808. Dr. Hall married, April 26, 1800, Hester, daughter of Hon. William Maclay, and left four children. Mrs. Hall was a highly-intelligent woman ; she died at Harrisburg. REV. WILLIAM M. HALL. William Maclay Hall, eldest son of Dr. Henry Hall and Hester Maclay, daughter of Hon. William Maclay, was born at Harrisburg, Pa., Feb. 16, 1801. He was educated at the Harrisburg Academy and Princeton College; studied law with Francis R. Shunk, and admitted to the Dauphin County bar at the April term, 1822. He began the practice of law at Lewistown, and became one of the most brilliant advocates in the Juniata Valley. Subsequently, im- bued with the conviction that it was his duty to enter the ministry, he abandoned the law, studied theology at the Allegheny Seminary, and was licensed to preach by the Pittsburgh Presbytery. He was stationed at Milroy, Mifflin Co., Pa., but, owing to partial failure of health, was appointed agent of the American Board of Commissioners 'for Foreign Missions at Philadel- phia. At this period he was connected with the New School Assembly, but afterwards transferred his rela- tions to the Old School and joined the Presbytery of Carlisle. After acting some years as agent of the General Assembly, Board of Foreign Missions, he ac- cepted a call to the Presbyterian Church at Bedford, Pa., where he labored until declining health compelled him to relinquish his charge. He died at Bedford, Aug. 28, 1851, where he was interred, but in 1878 his remains were removed to the cemetery at Harrisburg. The Rev. Mr. Hall married Ellen C. Williams, daugh- ter of Robert Williams and granddaughter of ReV'. Joshua Williams, born 1805, in Centre County, Pa. ; died Jan. 23, 1878, at Harrisburg. Their children were Henry, William Maclay, George, Catharine, Louis W., Mary, and Nellie. HUftH HAMILTON. Hugh Hamilton, the son of John Hamilton and Margaret Alexander, was born at " Fermanagh," now in Juniata County, Pa., on the 30th of June, 1785. He received a careful preparatory education, and with his brother John was sent to Dickinson College, where he graduated. He studied law under Thomas Elder, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar in 1805. At the time of his admission to the bar Judge Henry 500 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. had ordered the prothonotary to issue commissions on parchment. Accordingly the descendants of the young lawyer have his commission " on parchment," issued 21st of June, 1805, signed by " Joshua Elder, Pro'thy, by order of the Court," with the seal of the county attached. In 1808, Mr. Hamilton edited and published The Times at Lancaster, and upon the removal of the seat of government to Harrisburg, with William Gillmor, The Harrisburg Chronicle, the leading and influential newspaper at the State capital for twenty years. The Chronicle was the first paper in Pennsylvania which gave full and systematic Leg- islative reports. He died at Harrisburg, on the 3d of September, 1836, aged fifty-one years. Mr. Hamilton married, Jan. 6, 1807, Eosanna, daughter of Adam Boyd and Jeannette MaoFarlane, born Dec. 1, 1789, died April 17, 1872. They are both buried in the Harrisburg Cemetery. Mr. Hamilton was a vigorous and polished writer, and his editorials were models of elegant composition. For a quarter of a century he wielded considerable political influence through his newspaper. He was an active and enterprising citizen, twice chief burgess of the corporation of Harrisburg, frecjuently a member of Council, and highly esteemed in social intercourse. T. ALLEN HAMILTON. Thomas Allen Hamilton, son of Hugh Hamilton (1785-1836) and Eosanna Boyd (1786-1872),. was born Feb. 14, 1818, at Harrisburg, Pa. He received a good education, and learned the trade of a printer in his father's office, at which he worked until he re- ceived the appointment of an assistant engineer on the State canals under Col. James Worral, but he abandoned both avocations in order to join a brother in a business, which they successfully prosecuted until his death. He served as a member of the City Councils of Harrisburg a longer continuous period than any other citizen has ever done, being elected for about twenty years in succession, generally without serious opposition, although many epochs of great public excitement intervened to produce fierce and close political contests. His neighbors never failed to ascertain his political opinions, yet, whether voting for or against him, they always rejoiced to know that he was their representative and the leader of the municipal legislature. In the language of a contem- porary, " Mr. Hamilton, ip his intercourse with his fellow-citizens, was courteous to all, liberal to the poor, positive in opinion, methodical in business, reticent, deliberate, but prompt in judgment." His integrity was never impeached in public or private transactions. He died unmarried Dec. 14, 1874, at Harrisburg, in the same house in which he was born. JOHN ^^'. HAMMOND, M.D. John Wesley Hammond, son of Eezin Hammond and Nancy Lee, was born in Anne Arundel County, Md., in 1804. His grandfather, *Maj. -Gen. John Hammond, of the British army, came to Maryland in 1764 and purchased a large tract of land in Anne Arundel, and there the father. Col. Eezin Hammond, was born. Young Hammond received his education mainly from private tutors up to the time of studying medicine. He graduated in medicine at the Univer- sity of Maryland in 1825. In 1832, Dr. Hammond located in Somerset County, Pa., but in 1834 removed to Williamsport (now Monongahela City), Washing- ton Co., Pa., where he continued the practice of his profession. On the election of Governor Eitner, he was appointed, in 1836, chief clerk in the auditor- general's ofiice, and removed to Harrisburg. He held this position through several administrations, and was afterwards for a number of years cashier of the State treasury. In 1853 he removed to Philadelphia, where he died in 1879, at the age of seventy-five. Dr. Hammond married, in 1826, Sarah, daughter of Jona- than Pinkney, Esq, of Annapolis, Md., and a niece of William Pinkney, the distinguished lawyer, sena- tor, and diplomatist. They had children,— Eev. J. Pinkney ; Dr. William A., formerly surgeon-general United States army, now of New York City ; Eliza- beth Pinkney, Charles Elliot, and Nathaniel Hobart. Of these the first two and last-named are living. Dr. Hammond was held in the highest esteem by his fel- low-citizens for his urbanity, integrity, and intel- lectual ability. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 501 GEN. JOHN A. HANNA. John Andr§ Hanna, son of Rev. John Hanna and Mary McCrea, was born about 1761, at Flemington, N. J. He received a good classical education under his father, who was a most excellent tutor. He served in the war of the Revolution. Towards its close came to Pennsylvania and studied law with Stephen Cham- bers, of Lancaster, whose acquaintance he had made iu the army, and was admitted to the bar of Lancas- ter County at November session, 1783. He located at Harrisburg upon the formation of the county of Dauphin, and was among the first lawyers admitted there. He took a deep interest iu early municipal affairs, and there was little transpiring looking to the welfare and development of the new town in which Mr. Hanna did not take part. His marriage with a daughter of John Harris, the founder, brought him into unusual prominence. He represented the county in the Legislature, and in 1795 elected to the United States Congress, a position he filled up to the time of his death by successive re-election. During the Whiskey Insurrection he was a brigadier-general of the Pennsylvania troops, in command of the Second Brigade, Second Division. In 1800, Governor Mc- Kean commissioned him a major-general of the Third Division of the militia forces of the State. He died at Harrisburg on the 13th of July, 1805, aged forty- four years, and is buried in the cemetery there. Gen. Hanna. married Mary Harris, daughter of John Har- ris and Mary Reed, who died Aug. 20, 1851, in the eighty -first year of her age. They had nine children : Esther Harris, d. s. p. ; Eleanor (1st), d. s. p. ; Sarah Eaton, married Richard T. Jacobs ; Henrietta, died unmarried ; Caroline Elizabeth, married Joseph Briggs ; Frances Harris, married John Carson Mc- Allister; Juliann C, married John Fisher; Mary Reed, married Hon. John Tod; and Eleanor (2d), d. s. p. cashiership thereof. Maj. Harris died in that city on the 16th of November, 1809, at the age of fifty-five years. MAJOR DAVID HARRIS. David Harris, youngest son of John Harris and Elizabeth McClure, was born at Harris' Ferry, Feb. 24, 1754. He received a good education, and was a stu- dent under the Rev. Dr. Allison. At the time of the breaking out of the Revolution he was in Baltimore, but he volunteered in Col. William Thompson's Pennsylvania Battalion of Riflemen, and subse- quently was commissioned paymaster thereof He served in different positions until the close of the war, when he returned to Baltimore, and married Miss Crocket, of that city. After the death of his father, being one of the executors of the estate, he came to Harrisburg, and was appointed by his old com- panion-in-arms. Governor MiflB^in, one of the asso- ciate judges of Dauphin County, Aug. 17, 1791. This position he resigned on the 20th of February follow- ing to accept an appointment in the Bank of the United States. Upon the establishment of the office of discount and deposit in Baltimore, he accepted the DAVID HARRIS. David Harris, son of Robert Harris and Elizabeth Ewing, was born March 17, 1796, at Harrisburg, Pa. He received his education in the schools of the town and at the Harrisburg Academy. At the age of eighteen he went to Philadelphia, where he was en- gaged in mercantile pursuits several years, when he returned to Harrisburg and- established himself in the general transportation business in connection with the canal, and subsequently in merchandising. For many years he was clerk of the Borough and City Councils, was a justice of the peace under the bor- ough charter, and one of the first aldermen elected under the city charter. In 1814, Mr. Harris marched to Baltimore — the youngest man who carried a musket — with the Harrisburg Volunteers, and was among the last survivors of that band of brave men. Upon his retirement from Councils he lived in quiet retire- ment, his great age rendering it impossible for him to participate in any active business. He was a man of strict integrity, and lived a quiet and correct life, doing what he had to do faithfiiUy, beloved and re- spected by his friends and neighbors. He died on the 14th of March, 1880, at Harrisburg. Mr. Harris married Elizabeth Latimer, a descendant of Arch- bishop Latimer. ROBERT HARRIS. Robert Harris, son of the founder, John Harris, and of Mary Reed, daughter of Adam Reed, Esq., of Hanover, was born at Harris' Ferry on the 5th of September, 1768. He was brought up as a farmer, and resided in the early part of his life in the log and frame building on Paxtang Street, now used as a public school. His farm extended from the dwelling- house down the river to about the present location of Hanna Street, and thence out over the bluff, includ- ing the ground occupied by the Catholic Cemetery, containing about one hundred acres. By the death of his father, in 1791, much of the business affairs of the family was early intrusted to him. He was possessed of considerable public spirit, aiding in the establishment of various enterprises, including the bridge over the Susquehanna, the Har- risburg Bank, and the Harrisburg and Middletown Turnpike road, in the first two of which he was a director and perhaps also in the last. Mr. Harris was appointed to various public trusts. He was one of the State commissioners to survey and lay off a route for the turnpike from Chambersburg to Pitts- burgh, also for improving the Susquehanna, in the course of which the commissioners descended the river below McCall's Ferry. When the Assembly of the State decided to remove the seat of government to Harrisburg, Mr. Harris was selected as one of the 502 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. commissioners for fixing the location of the capitol buildings preparatory to the removal. During the mill-daai troubles, in 1795, Mr. Harris was one of the party of prominent citizens who finally tore down the Landis dam, the site of which was in the lower part of the city, and to which was attributed much of the sickness then prevailing here. He was one of the first to rush into the water, and it was said that he was then laboring under an ague chill, but never^afterwards had a return of it. During the War of 1812-14, Mr. Harris was ap- pointed paymaster of the troops which marched to ROBERT HARRIS. Baltimore, and acted as such at York, where the sol- diers were discharged. He was elected to Congress and took his seat in 1823, and by a re-election served therein until the 4th of March, 1827. On one of the occasions he brought home with him a picture, made before the days of daguerreotyping, of the celebrated John Randolph, of Virginia, representing him on the floor of the House of Representatives enveloped in a large coat, extending his long, lank arms and his bony finger as he pointed it at Henry Clay and others in the course of his impassioned and sarcastic harangue. Mr. Harris served in Congress during the Presi- dency of .John Quincy Adams, and of course knew him. When Gen. Taylor, as President, was in Har- risburg, Mr. Harris was appointed to deliver the address of welcome on the part of the citizens. During the subsequent intercourse with Gen. Taylor he observed to him that he had dined with all of the preceding Presidents. He was married in Philadel- phia in the spring of 1791, during the Presidency of Gen. Washington, and dined at his table, and there or elsewhere with Adams, Jefl^erson, Madison, and probably Mr. Monroe. He was intimately acquainted with Gen. Harrison when a lieutenant in the army, had entertained him at his house in Harrisburg, and was invited to dine with him during his brief term as President. He was on friendly terms with John C. Calhoun, and was well acquainted with Gen. Jack- son. After the State capital was removed to Harrisburg, the residence of Mr. Harris, who had in 1805 pur- chased the Harris mansion from his brother David, and from that period occupied it, was the centre of attraction at the seat of government. He entertained many of the prominent men of the State and of the Legislature. At his house might have been seen Governor Findlay, Samuel'D. Ingham, Thomas Ser- geant, William J. Duane, Governor Wolf, and various other persons of distinction, including Isaac Weaver, of Greene County, Speaker of the Senate from 1817 to 1821, a gentleman of marked presence, and who, Mr. Harris said, more resembled Gen. Washington than any other man he had ever seen. During the Presidency of Gen. Washington, Mr. Harris, then a young man, accompanied the party on board the "Clermont," the steamboat of John Fitch, when that vessel made its trial trip on the Delaware. The first prothonotary of Dauphin County was Alexander Graydon, and the first register Andrew Forrest, both sent from Philadelphia by Governor Mifiiin, with whom they had served as fellow-ofiicers in the war of the Revolution. Governor McKean for some reason refused to reappoint Mr. Forrest, and tendered the appointment to Mr. Harris. He, how- ever, recommended the retention of Mr. Forrest, but Governor McKean informed him that if he did not accept the oifice he would appoint some one else. He accordingly accepted it, but, it is said, divided the fees with Mr. Forrest for some time, and perhaps until his death. Until the close of his long life Mr. Harris was quite active in body and mind. He died at Harris- burg on the 3d day of September, 1851, being within two days of fourscore and three years of age. His remains repose in the beautiful cemetery now within the bounds of our city by the Susquehanna, His warm and lifelong friend. Rev. William R. DeWitt, D.D., delivered the funeral discourse, which we recol- lect well of hearing, in which he paid a most glowing tribute to the memory of Robert Harris. He died not unwillingly in the faith and hope of a Christian, and in the respect and kind regard of his fellow- citizens. Mr. Harris married in Philadelphia, May 12, 1791, Elizabeth Ewing, daughter of the Rev. John Ewing, D.D., provost of the University of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Harris was born in Philadelphia, Dec. 2, 1772, died at Harrisburg, April 27, 1885, and is there buried. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 503 GEORGE WASHINGTON HABRIS. George Washington Harris was born June 23, 1798, in the old ferry-house, now the location of Harris Park school-house. He was a son of Robert Harris, who was a son of John Harris, the founder of the city of Harrisburg, and grandson of John Harris, the first settler. His mother was Elizabeth Ewing, daughter of the celebrated Rev. John Ewing, D.D., provost of the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Harris' early education was received at the old Harrisburg Acad- emy and the select schools of the day. Subsequently he went to Dickinson, Jefferson, and the University of Pennsylvania, graduating at the latter institution. He studied law, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar in 1820. He remained at Harrisburg several years, during a portion of which period he served as deputy attorney-general, for the county of Dauphin. He afterwards removed to Philadel- phia and entered into law partnership with Calvin Blythe. He returned to Harrisburg and resumed his place at the Dauphin County bar, and was ap- pointed reporter of the Supreme Court of Pennsyl- vania, publishing a series of volumes of reports. For a number of years he filled the position of secre- tary to the Library Committee of the United States Senate. Mr. Harris recently edited the journal of Mr. Maclay, one of the first United States senators from Pennsylvania. He died at Harrisburg Sunday morning, Aug. 13, 1882. Mr. Harris married Eliza- beth Mary, daughter of Dr. Henry Hall and Hester Maclay, daughter of Senator Maclay, his wife sur- viving him at near fourscore. , married Margaret Moore, of Locust Grove, Miiflin Co., Pa. She died in 1851. They left an only child, Isabella M. SAMUEL W. HAYS. Samuel Wallace Hays, eldest son of John Hays and Martha Wallace, was born Oct. 30, 1799, at New- ville, Cumberland Co., Pa. He received the educa- tion so freely given by the Scotch-Irish to their chil- dren. He came to Harrisburg in 1821, where he resided until 1825, when he went to Philadelphia, returning to the former place in 1828, which from • that period became his permanent home. Mr. Hays then began business, which he successfully carried on until a few years prior to his death. He died May 18, 1855, at Harrisburg, in the fifty-sixth year of his age. He was an earnest, laborious worker in his church (Presbyterian), of which he was one of the ruling elders from 1840 to his decease. For a period of twenty-seven years he was superintendent of the first infant Sunday-school, which he organized in 1828 in Harrisburg, and only relinquished its care when failing health compelled him to give up his charge. The Rev. Dr. Robinson bears this testimony of him : " I remember him as a quiet, modest man and patient sufferer. The little I knew of him en- deared him to me. . . . He was a warm friend and lover of the young, kind and genial in his intercourse with them, and an admirable teacher." Mr. Hays WILLIAM W. HAYS. William Wallace Hays, son of William Patton and Rosanna Keller, was born Oct. 23, 1836, in Harris- burg. He received his preparatory education in the public schools and Harrisburg Academy, entered the sophomore class of Jefferson College, Oannonsburg, in 1853, graduating in 1856. He then went to Texas, where he remained two years, teaching in Victoria and Goliad. After returning North he began the study of law with Robert A. Lamberton, Esq., and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar Dec. 6, 1859. He began the practice of his profession at Harrisburg, continuing it until his appointment by Governor Curtin, in 1861, as chief clerk in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth. On May 1, 1866, he was appointed Deputy Secretary of the Com- monwealth, discharging the duties of that ofiice until the close of Governor Curtin's administration. He then resumed his profession of the law, and in con- nection with it served as clerk to the board of claims from January to June, 1868. In October following, having been nominated by the Republicans of the city of Harrisburg, he was elected mayor thereof, the duties of which office he entered upon- Jan. 11, 1869. His health, liowever, soon began to fail him, and he died in office March 31, 1870, in his thirty-fourth year. " Mr. Hays was truly a Christian gentleman, he thought more of right than he did of life. His nature was of that intensity which inspires men to die for the truth, while his convictions on all subjects relating to the ordinary and extraordinary affairs of life, here and hereafter, were governed by the strongest principles of religion and justice." Mr. Hays mar- ried, March 5, 1861, Mary S. Day, of Wooster, Ohio, and had four children,— William and Jessie Wallace, who are dead, and Mary Winifred and Martha Wal- lace, now residing with their mother in Wooster, Ohio. JOHN E. HELLER. John E. Heller was born in 1834, in Rush town- ship, Dauphin Co., Pa. His early education was more or less limited, for at the age of thirteen we find him an apprentice to the art of printing in the office of the American, at Sunbury, Pa., where he re- mained until he was twenty years of age. Afterwards, for several years, he was foreman in the office of the Miners' Journal, Pottsville. He thea began the study of law, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar Aug. 30, 1865, and began the practice of his profession at Harrisburg. His life of labor was com- paratively brief, however, for he died rather sud- denly at the residence of his father, in Rush town- ship', Jan. 80, 1866, aged thirty-two years. His remains were interred in the Rush Church grave- 504 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. yard. "Mr. Heller," wrote the editor of the Sun- bury American, who knew him well, " was a young man of exemplary conduct and good character, and with industry and good business habits he had a bright future before him." JAMES HENDERSON, M.D. James Henderson, son of Dr. William Henderson, was born in the year 1827, in Dauphin County, Pa. He received a good academical education, studied medicine with his father at Hummelstown, and grad- uated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1856. He began the practice of medicine at Philadelphia, subsequently went to Plymouth, Ohio, but his father dying in 1859, he returned to Hummelstown. During the war for the Union he was captain of Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, and was at the battles of Fredericks- burg and Chancellorsville, being wounded at the latter. He was a brave oflScer, and was held in high esteem by his fellow-officers and the men of his company. He afterwards went into service as assistant surgeon of the Two Hundred and First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and after' the war resumed his profes- sion at Hummelstown. His practice became quite extensive, but his health subsequently failed him, and he died of consumption on Thursday, April 12, 1880, at Hummelstown. FREDERICK HBISELY. Frederick Heisely was a native of Lancaster County, Pa., where he was born Oct. 17, 1759. He learned the trade of clock- and mathematical instrument-maker with a Mr. Hoff, of Lancaster town. During the Revolution Mr.' Heisely served in one of the associ- ated battalions, and was in service during the Jersey campaign of 1776. About 1783 he removed to Fred- erick, Md., where he established himself in business. In 1812 he came to Harrisburg, and took a.prominent part in the affairs of the borough, filling the offices of assistant burgess and Town Council. He was treas- urer of the county of Dauphin from 1827 to 1829. He died at Harrisburg March 12, 1843, and is there buried. Mr. Heisely married, Nov. 6, 1783, Catha- rine Juliana Hoff, of Lancaster, born S^pt. 15, 1763 ; died Dec. 3, 1839. Their children were: Justina Margaret, born July 3, 1785, died at Harrisburg, un- married; Sophia, born Sept. 2]., 1787, married George Rigney, of Frederick, Md., and left issue; George J., born Nov. 29, 1789, married Anna Maria Kurtz; Frederick Augustus, born July 3, 1792, married Cath- arine Hoffman, -removed to Pittsburgh, where they died; John, born Nov. 30, 1794; Catharine, born April 22, 1797, married Jacob Keller, died at Fred- erick, Md. ; and Caroline, born Feb. 9, 1800. GEORGE J. HBISELY. George J. Heisely, son of Frederick Heisely and Catharine Juliana Hoff, was born Nov. 29, 1789, at Fxederick, Md. Hg learned silver-smithing with his father, and at the end of his apprenticeship went to Lancaster, where he remained nine months under in- structions. He then established himself in business at Harrisburg, which he successfully carried on, making the manufacture of surveyors' compasses and town-clocks a specialty. His father, shortly after re- moving to Harrisburg, entered into business with him. George J. Heisely was acknowledged to be unsur- passed for his skill in making surveyors' instruments, many of which were used in all parts of the country. In 1814, as a private in Capt. Thomas Walker's com- pany, he marched to Baltimore for the defense of that city, and was one of the last survivors of that famous military organization. In 1863, when Penn- sylvania was invaded by the Confederate army under Lee, he enlisted as a private in Capt. Charles Car- son's Company qf Home Guards. In the early days of the borough he was burgess of the town, and fre- quently served as member of the Municipal Council. He died at Harrisburg on the 27th of June, 1880, in his ninety-first year. He married Anna M. Kurtz, daughter of Benjamin Kurtz, of Harrisburg. Of his children, Kurtz, the only son, died in the prime of his early manhood unmarried. His daughters were Caroline (married Leander N. Ott), Louisa C. (mar- ried Walter F. Fahnestock) Anne M. (married Dan- iel Eppley), and Elizabeth (married Dr. Charles C. Bombaugh). COL. DANIEL HERR. Daniel Hgrr was born on the 14th of December, 1795, at Hagerstown, Md. His ancestors were among the first settlers in Lancaster County, Pa., from whence the family name has become wide-spread. Daniel learned the trkde of a house-carpenter, an occupation he pursued several years. During the late war with Great Britain he was lieutenant-colonel of a volunteer regiment in active service. In later life he followed hotel-keeping. He kept the Tremont House at Phila- delphia, the Mansion House at Reading, and that famous hostelry, Herr's Hotel, now the Lochiel, at Harrisburg. He was a prominent member of the ' Masonic fraternity, and during the Anti-Masonic crusade never swerved from his allegiance to the fra- ternity, being Master of his lodge from 1835 to 1838, inclusive. He was a man pure in purpose, amiable, kind, and generous-hearted, yet firm and decided as to opinions and duty. He died at Harrisburg, sin- cerely regretted, on the 11th of July, 1857, in his sixty-second year. Col. Herr married, Feb. 15, 1820, in Gettysburg, Pa., Sarah Gilbert, daughter of Boise Gilbert and Susanna Fox, born Feb. 14, 1801, and died April 13, 1880, at Harrisburg. Their children were George Isaiah, d. s. p. ; John Davenport, mar- ried Jane Nancy Sutton; Margaret Ann, married, first, Peter Nagle Coleman, second, George Leonard ; Amelia Matilda, married John Peter Hassler; An- drew Jackson; Jacob Gilbert, married Mary Tay- BIOGEAPHICAL HISTORY. 505 lor ; Susanna, married Dr. Jacob G. Wiestling ; Sarah Isabella, married George Z. Kunkel ; Daniel B. ; Wil- liam Henry Harrison, d. s. p. ; Mary Elizabeth, mar- ried Charles Lipps ; Louisa Irene, married Charles A. Bannvart. REV. DANIEL HERTZ. Daniel Hertz, son of Ludwig and Eosanna Hertz, was born April 23, 1796, in Susquehanna township, Dauphin Co., Pa. He received a limited education, but early iu life was put to the printing business. Not agreeing with his health, he abandoned that art for the trade of bricklayer, which he learned with his brother. In the winter months he engaged in teach- ing school and application to study, and so continued until he was induced by his friend, Eev. Isaac Ger- hart, to prepare for the ministry, under whom he began his preparatory studies, finishing them with the Eev. Dr. Helfenstein, of Philadelphia. He en- tered upon the duties of the ministry about 1821, and shortly after received and accepted a call to Ephrata. His charge then embraced several congregations, and his trial sermon was preached at Muddy Creek, in the same church in which he closed his labors, forty-five years and six months afterwards. His pastorate was a long and faithful one. He died Sept. 22, 1868, aged seventy-two years. In the language of a contempo- rary, the Eev. Hertz " was laborious and faithful in his ministry. He pursued his calling with almost unexampled devotion. He was systematic and con- scientious, his manner and deportment high-toned and manly. Like his Heavenly Master, he went about doing good." GEN. GABKIEL HIESTER. Gabriel Hiester, Jr., son of Gabriel Hiester and Elizabeth Bausman, was born in Bern township, Berks Co., Pa., Jan. 5, 1779. He received a good English and German education, and his early years were spent on his father's farm. His father being an active politician, the son was early imbued with the same spirit. In 1809 he was appointed by Governor Snyder clerk of the courts of Berks County, and in 1811 prothonotary, holding these offices until 1817. During the war of 1812-14 he was brigade major, and served under Gen. Adams, of Berks County, during the campaign a^t Washington and Baltimore. Under ap- pointment by Governor Findlay, he held the office of associate judge from 1819 to 1823. Governor Shulze appointed Judge Hiester surveyor-general, when he removed to Harrisburg. He held that position from May 11, 1824, to May 11, 1830. He was a Presiden- tial elector in 1817, and again in 1821, casting his vote for James Monroe. About 1833 he erected the first rolling-mill in this neighborhood, at Fairview, on the Conedoguinet. He died there suddenly, Sept. 14, 1831, in his fifty-sixth year, and is buried in the Har- risburg Cemetery. Gen. Hiester married, May 12, 1803, Mary, daughter of Dr. John Otto, of Eeading, who died at Estherton, Jan. 9, 1853. They had chil- dren, — Louisa ; Harriet, married C. B. Bioren ; Au- gustus 0. ; Gabriel ; and Catharine, all of whom are deceased except Augustus 0., of Estherton. JOHN HOYT HICKOK. John Hoyt Hickok, the eldest child of Jesse Hickok and Betsy Hoyt, was born at Wilton, Conn., Nov. 27, 1792. He was brought up on his father's farm, re- ceiving the usual educational advantages of the time at the winter school and a few sessions at a neighbor- ing academy. When about seventeen years of age he commenced teaching during the winter months, pursuing meanwhile, in connection therewith, his own studies, until finally, soon after attaining his majority, he selected and embarked in teaching as his life profession. Mr. Hickok married, in 1814, Mary, daughter of Job Lock wood and Sarah Hickok, of Wilton. Mrs. Lockwood was a native of Wilton, and a daughter of Nathan Hickok and granddaughter of Nathaniel Hickok, who was, as is supposed, a cousin of the father of Jesse Hickok, so that John H. Hickok and his wife were distantly related by blood. He spent some years teaching in Western New York, from whence he emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1823, teaching a select and boarding-school in Union County until 1828, when he removed to Lewistown, Mifflin Co., and took charge of the academy there, at that time a largely patronized and well-known institu- tion, which, aided by a corps of teachers, he con- ducted successfully until 1836, Mrs. Hickok having the superintendence of the ladies' department of the school. In 1836 he embarked in the book publishing busi- ness at Chambersburg, continuing in it until the spring of 1839, when he removed to Harrisburg, where he was engaged in teaching. He died there on Jan. 14, 1841, his death resulting from injuries re- ceived on the preceding 12th of December as he was attempting to step on the platform of a car on the Cumberland Valley Eailroad at Front and Mulberry Streets, the train being in motion. SAMUEL HILL. Samuel Hill, the sou of Arundel Hill, was born about 1760 in England. His ancestors belonged to one of the representative families of that country. He received a good English and classical education, and learned the trade of clock and watch maker in London. He came to America about 1785, and shortly afterward established himself in business at Harrisburg. He was a skilled and ingenious work- man. He was quite prominent in the early affairs of the new town, and was among the first to jump into the water to tear down the obnoxious mill-dam in Paxtang Creek in 1795. He was a volunteer in Capt. 506 HISTOKY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. Eeitzel's company on the expedition to the westward in 1794, and twice visited England on matters con- nected with his father's estate, then considered quite an undertaking ; and what particularly distinguished his last visit was his reception by his fellow-citizens of Harrisburg on his return, which was an ovation, showing what a strong hold he had upon his friends in America. He died very suddenly while sitting in his chair on Monday evening, Nov. 6, 1809, aged forty-nine years, and the Oraok speaks of his loss to the community as " irreparable." Mr. Hill married Nancy Beatty, daughter of Capt. James Beatty, of Harrisburg. She died at Steubenville, Ohio. SAMUEL HOLMAN. Samuel Holman, son of Conrad Holman, Jr., and Rachel Guss, was born in Chester County, Pa., Jan. 11, 1793. Conrad Holman, 8r., the grandfather, was born in New Castle County, Del., in 1738, and died at the residence of his son in Perry County, Pa., in 1822. Conrad, Jr., born in Chester County in 1768, died in Perry County in 1841 ; he married Eachel, daughter of Charles Guss and Mary Shunk. . Samuel learned the trade of house-carpenter, and came to Harrisburg after his majority, where he successfully pursued his business, and was widely known as a builder and architect. Among the public works con- structed under his supervision and according to plans were bridges over the Susquehanna at Clark's Ferry and Harrisburg, and over the Schuylkill River at Schuylkill Falls. He was the architect for the court- houses at Lewistown and Harrisburg. For several years he was supervisor of the public works between Columbia and Millerstown. He was a man of much energy of character in whatever business he engaged. During the War of 1812-14 he went as fifer in Capt. Walker's company, which marched to the defense of Baltimore, and in his old age served as a volunteer for the defense of Harrisburg when in 1863 it was threatened by Gen. Lee. He frequently was a mem- ber of the Borough Council, and took a deep interest in the prosperity of his adopted town. He died at Harrisburg, Sept. 28, 1863. Mr. Holman married in 1822, Sarah, daughter of Daniel Hertz and Elizabeth Kisner, born at Harrisburg, Dec. 5, 1800, and there die» Oct. 22, 1863. They had five children living at the time of their death,— Ann Elizabeth (married Samuel Allemah), Rev. Samuel Augustus, William Simon, Mary Ellen (married Dr. A. L. Alstead), and Sarah Frances (married George A. Klugh). COL. GEORGE R. HORTER. George Reis Horterj son. of Valentine Horter and Magdalena Reis, was born in 1784 at Germantown. His parents came to Harrisburg in May, 1785, and his early education was received in the " Latin Schools" of the new town. He learned the trade of a hatter with his brother-in-law, Jacob Bucher. When his brother-in-law, Henry. Beader, was appointed register of the county, Mr. Horter served as his dep- uty. During the second war with Great Britain he was appointed third lieutenant of the Sixteenth In- fantry, United States army, May 1, 1814, subse- quently promoted captain for meritorious services, and served until peace was declared, when he resigned. He subsequently took a prominent part in the volun- teer military organizations of his day. He was transcribing clerk of the. Pennsylvania Senate a number of years. Col. Horter died at Harrisburg in March, 1830, aged about forty-six years. He never married. He was a prominent politician and active Freemason, and was held in high esteem by the citi- zens of his adopted town. It is related that on his return from a trip to New Orleans, about 1805, the bells of the town were rung in honor of his arrival, so highly was he respected for his geniality and social standing. JACOB HOUSER. Jacob Houser, the son of Daniel Houser and Anna Ebersole, was born in 1803, in Lower Paxtang town- ship, Dauphin Co., Pa. His grandfather was an early settler from Switzerland, locating in then Paxtang township, Lancaster Co., now Swatara township, Dauphin Co. He served as a wagon-master during the war of the Revolution, and lived to an advanced age, dying in May, 1800, leaving a wife, Elizabeth, and children as follows : i. Jacob ; m. Barbara , and removed to Bald Eagle "Valley, Centre Co.,' Pa. ii. Martin ; m. Anne , and settled in Allen township, Cumberland Co., Pa. iii. Anne ; m. Jacob Good, of Swatara. iv. Daniel; m. Anna Ebersole; b. 1778; d. Aug. 29, 1849. V. John. vi. Elizabeth ; m. Samuel Good. Daniel Houser located at Harrisburg about 1800 and established a nailery. All the nails and spikes used in the construction of the old Harrisburg bridge were made by Mr. Houser and Mr. Allison. Daniel Houser had three children, John, Jacob, and Catha- rine (married Samuel Tool). Jacob Houser received the ordinary education of the schools of the borough, and was apprenticed at an early age to coach-making. Completing his trade, in partnership with John A. Weir he carried on that business for several years. He subsequently, in con- nection with his brother John, who had entered mer- cantile life, went into the dry-goods business. Later he was in the hardware trade, in partnership with William H. Lochman. Mr. Houser filled a number of municipal and county oflaces,waa a director of the Harrisburg Bank for many years, and always held in high esteem for his strict integrity and high moral character. He died March 9, 1881, at Harrisburg, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. He married BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 507 Catharine Hain, daughter of George Hain, and they left Daniel (d. s. p.) and George. John Houser, the elder of the brothers, was a jus- tice of the peace many years ; died Oct. 22, 1860, aged fifty-nine years ; married Mary Crabb, daughter of William Crabb, of Middletown, who died May 24, 1862, at Harrisburg, and they left several daughters and one son, — Elizabeth, Louisa (d. s. p.), Alice (mar- ried Alfred E. Eyster), and Daniel (married Susan Sponsler). GEORGE HOYER. George Hoyer, son of John Hoyer, was born in the year 1757, in York County, Pa. He learned the trade of carpenter, and in 1785 came to Harrisburg with his brother-in-law, Christian Kunkel, and began merchandising, in which he proved successful. He became quite prominent in the new town, and had the honor of being elected the first burgess of the borough. He served frequently as a member of the Town Council. He died May 25, 1841, at Harrisburg, aged eighty-four years, a gentleman of pure purpose and honorable integrity. Mr. Hoyer married, at York, Catharine Kunkel, born 1760, died July 27, 1835, at Harrisburg, and there buried. Of their chil- dren Jacob married Lucetta Brua, daughter of Peter Brua, and left descendants ; Eliza, died 1881, un- married ; and Sarah, died 1869, unmarried. FREDERICK HUMMEL. Frederick Hummel was a native of the Pfalz, in Germany, born April 14, 1722. With some friends he came to America about 1738, and subsequently took up a large body of land where Hummelstown is located. In 1762, foreseeing the advantages, he laid out on a portion of his tract a town, which he named Frederickstown, but was changed upon his death to that now bestowed upon it. He donated land for the erection of the Lutheran and German Reformed Churches, and erected a school-house, directing that English branches should be taught therein. He was an active participant in the French and Indian war, and when the frontiers were setting an example to the people of the three original counties- to prepare for resistance to British injustice he was chairman of the patriotic meeting of Derry, held at Hummelstown in June, 1774. He died at his residence on the 25th of June, 1775, aged fifty-three years. He was the an- cestor of a large family, who can look with pride to the high-born zeal, energy, and patriotism of their progenitor. His remains, with those of his wife and children, are interred in the Lutheran Church grave- yard at Hummelstown. Very little is known of the ancestor, Frederick Hummel, but some insight into his character may be gained from the following advice to his children con- tained in his will : " After this I leave my Blessing to them all, and have God before you always, then the Lord and great Jehovah will Bless you now and for evermore, Amen." COL. FREDERICK HUMMEL. Frederick Hummel (3d), born Dec. 24, 1782, in Derry township, Dauphin Co., Pa., was the oldest son of David Hummel (1761-93) and Mary Toot (1764-1858). He was brought up as a farmer, re- ceiving the limited education thus afforded in the country schools of the township. When but a strip- ling of eighteen, in company with his brothers, he offered his services to his country at the outset of the Revolution, and was in the campaign in the Jerseys and in and around Philadelphia in 1776 and 1777, and at the close of the war for independence was major in the battalion of associators. In the politi- cal affairs of the county he became quite prominent, and wielded considerable influence, owing to his great popularity. He was colonel of the militia, a position he held many years ; served as justice of the peace several terms, and was commissioned by Gov- ernor Ritner an associate judge of the county AprQ 5, 1837. He died at Hummelstown, Oct. 81, 1847, aged sixty-five years. Col. Hummel married Bar- bara Metzgar, daughter of Jacob Metzgar, of Derry, born Sept. 1, 1779, died Nov. 22, 1861, and with her husband buried in the old Lutheran churchyard at Hummelstown. VALENTINE HUMMEL, Jr. Valentine Hummel, son of Frederick Hummel (grandson of the founder of Hummelstown) and Susannah Hamaker, was born March 12, 1812, at Hummelstown, Dauphin Co., Pa. At the age of thirteen he was sent to Harrisburg, in care of his uncle. Judge Hummel, receiving the benefit of two years' English education in the schools of the bor- ough. At the age of seventeen he was apprenticed to the printing business, with Jacob Babb, publisher of the German paper, the Morgenrothe. At the age of twenty-one Mr. Hummel was taken into partner- ship, and the firm of Babb, Hummel & Bigler were for many years printers for the State and publishers of the German Democratic organ, the Morgenrothe. In 1850, Mr. Hummel was elected register of wills and recorder of deeds for Dauphin County, which office he creditably filled one term. He subsequently engaged in merchandising, in which he continued until a few years before his death. During the Re- bellion, during the invasion of Pennsylvania, he was lieutenant of the Home Guard, Capt. Nevin. For sev- eral years he was deputy collector of internal revenue Fourteenth District, and for a long period collector of city taxes, and served in the board of school control. In the church (Zion's Lutheran) he took an active part, and was superintendent of its Sabbath-school until physical disability prevented him from per- forming the duties of its service. He died at Harris- 508 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. burg, Thursday morning, Aug. 26, 1880. Mr. Hum- mel married Jane Nelson, and they had issue : Wil- liam v., J. Frederick, and daughters married respec- tively Dr. Charles B. Fager, L. H. Kinneard, Sturgeon Child, and E. W. iBailey. In every position in life Mr. Hummel was zealous, conscientious, and upright. VALENTINE HUMMEL. Valentine Hummel, son of Frederick Hummel (2d) and Regina Ricker, was born Feb. 7, 1787, at Hum- melstown, Dauphin Co., Pa. The education he re- ceived was quite limited, only such as was afforded by the country schools of the time. In 1806 he began as an apprentice to Philip Leebrick, of Hummels- town, to learn the trade of a saddler. In 1810 he went to Harrisburg, and forming a partnership with Michael Lebkicher, his old shopmate at Hummels- town, began the saddlery and harness-making busi- ness. Messrs. Hummel & Lebkicher subsequently engaged in merchandising, the running of saw- and grist-mills, the lumber trade, and the purchase of land both in the city of Harrisburg and on the Cum- berland sideof the Susquehanna, until the deathof Mr. Lebkicher in 1854, when the survivor retired from all active business. Mr. Hummel was elected a repre- sentative of Dauphin County to the legislative ses- sion of 1822-23, and again in that of 1840. Governor Shulze appointed him one of the associate judges of the county, Nov. 12, 1827, a position he resigned March 20, 1837. Both in the Legislature and while upon the bench Judge Hummel served the public with the same fidelity and honesty of purpose as characterized him and made him remarkable in his private business. For one-third of a century he was a director of the public schools, and at the time of his death a trustee of the Harrisburg Academy. A great believer in humane treatment, he advocated, while a member of the school board, the total abolition of corporeal punishment, but without success. For many years he had been interested in the old Harris- burg Bank, had served as a director, and at the close of his life was president of that institution. He died at Harrisburg on the 4th of September, 1870, in his eighty-fourth year. His wife, Elizabeth Walborn, died Oct. 25, 1867, aged seventy years. Of Judge Hummel it may be said, he was a man of great temperateness of habit in all things, was economical and frugal, unostentatious, and enjoyed life in a calm, quiet, and rational manner. PHILIP IRWIN. Philip Irwin, son of Henry Irwin (died 1815) and Margaret Fisher (1777-1859), was born Aug. 30, 1815, in Lancaster County, Pa. His educational advantages were comprised in one or two winters at a country school. By self-application and industry, however, he became well informed, and with grpat activity and energy was generally successful in his enterprises. For many years he was engaged in building railroads, the scene of his operations being the Northern Cen- tral, Ohio and Mississippi, Erie, Lebanon Vajley, Lake Shore, Michigan Southerij, and other railroads. Although an active politician he never sought or held office, his business interests requiring all his time and attention. He died at Middletown on the 11th of December, 1878, aged sixty-three years. Mr. Irwin married Nov. 24, 1840, Anna Eliza Etter, daughter of George Etter and Nancy Shelly, who survives. Their children are Margaret, Ann, Mary Ellen, George Henry, Franklin Etter, Jenny Lind, Philip Etter,. and Lillian. CAPT. JOHN B. JOHNSON. John Bucher Johnson, son of David Marshall Johnson and Susan Dorothy Bucher, was born Jan. 26, 1833, at Harrisburg, Pa. His father came from Beaver County, Pa., of which he was a native, and held a clerkship in the Land Department of the State, when he married the youngest daughter of Hon. Jacob Bucher, of Harrisburg. Young Johnson spent his boyhood at Harrisburg, and was a cadet at Capt. Partridge's Military School, but completed his educa- tion at Washington College, Pa., where he graduated in the class of 1852. He adopted civil engineering as his profession, and until 1861 was engaged in sev- eral of the public improvements in this State. At the breaking out of the Rebellion he entered the Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment, Col. Jarrett, and was appointed captain of a company from Pittston. On May 14, 1861, he was appointed by the Secretary of War, Gen. Cameron, first lieutenant in the Sixth Cavalry of the Regular Army, and was subsequently made brevet major and lieutenant-colonel for merito- rious service. He became captain by regular pro- motion Feb. 3, 1865. He served on the staff of Gen. Hancock at Baltimore and at New Orleans, and was afterwards assigned to several stations in Texas. In April, 1870, he was obliged to leave Texas on ac- count of failing health, and returned to his home at Harrisburg, where he died June 24, 1871. Capt. Johnson was of handsome form and chivalrous bear- ing, upright, a" true soldier, creditable to his family and country. OVID F. JOHNSON. Ovid F. Johnson was born in the valley of Wyo- ming, near the town of Wilkes-Barr6, Pa., in the year 1807, and was descended from some of the early set- tlers of that historic locality. His paternal grand- father, the Rev. Jacob Johnson, was a superior linguist and man of rich education and culture, a graduate of Yale College, where he took his degree as early as 1740, with distinguished honor. In 1778 he was called from his home in Connecticut to reside in Wilkes- Barrg. After that terrible event, the massacre of Wyoming, he assisted Col. Dennison with his advice BIOGKAPHICAL HISTORY. 509 and influence, in protecting the inhabitants that re- mained, and the original articles of capitulation were in the proper handwriting of Mr. Johnson. In quite a lengthy biggraphy written of him in the year 1836, by the venerable writer and historian of Wyoming, Charles Miner, appears this : " When the Revolu- tionary war broke out, Mr. Johnson took his stand early and firmly in behalf of freedom. And through the whole contest he rendered the utmost service in his power, which from his learning, talents, and the respect he commanded, was very considerable. A son born while the animated discussions preceding the Eevolution were going on and the elder Pitt was thundering his anathemas against ministers for their tyrannous conduct to the colonies, Mr. Johnson named JehcAada Pitt. . . . Jehoiada is sometime since deceased, but a son of his with hereditary genius is winning his way to enviable distinction." This latter is the subject of this sketch. At the close of his early education in which he had as school and classmates many, who afterwards rose to positions of eminence and distinction, he commenced the study of the law with John N. Conyugham, of Wilkes-Barr6, after- wards Judge Conyngham. He was duly admitted to the bar and entered into the practice of the law at that place. In 1833 he removed to Harrisburg, and there married Jane Alricks, daughter of James Al- ricks and Martha Hamilton. In 1859, at the early age of thirty-two years his talent secured for him the appointment as attorney-general of Pennsylvania. In 1841, seeking a wider field for the practice of his profession, he removed to the city of Philadelphia. In 1842, his term of office having expired, he was re- appointed, and served through a second term until 1845. As an orator, Mr. Johnson was brilliant ; as a law- yer he had superior abilities, and somewhat of a wide- known reputation, being frequently employed to try cases in different States of the Union. . In personal appearance, Mr. Johnson was fine- looking, being six feet two or three inches in height, large and well developed in proportion. He died at Washington City, D.C., whither he had gone in the interest of a prominent legal claim, in the month of February, 1854. It may be here remarked that, in addition to Mr. Johnson's legal ability, he had a high reputation as a political writer. He was the author of the celebrated "Governor's Letters," published during the administration of Governor Eitner, and which purported to give the ludicrous side to the po- litical characters then figuring in the politics of the State. V. J. JONES. Uriah James Jones was born at New Berlin, Union Co., Pa., in 1818. He learned the art of printing at New Berlin, Lewisburg, and Harrisburg. While a journeyman at the latter place he wrote and set up the novel of " Simon Girty the Outlaw," a book which is now very rare. In 1845, Mr. Jones went to Holli- daysburg, where he was engaged with O. A. Traugh in the publication of the Demooratia Standard, and through its columns secured a national reputation for his witticisms. In 1850 he published the Keystone at Pittsburgh, but the paper proving unsuccessful he re- sumed his place on the Standard the year following. During 1855-56 he wrote and published a " History of the Juniata Valley," the first historical work which gave a full record of the pioneer life of that locality, much of which was gathered from the lips of early settlers or their children. In 1859, Mr. Jones went to Lancaster as editor of the Express, and in 1860 re- moved to Harrisburg, where he took a position on the Patriot and Union. At the same time he was a regu- lar correspondent for New York, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh newspapers, and also a contributor of liter- ary articles and sketches to the magazines. It may be mentioned that in 1859 he published a pamphlet " Advice to Travelers," which has furnished the ma- terial for several American guide-books. Mr. Jones was accidentally killed by the cars at the railroad depot, Harrisburg, Nov. 19, 1864. He married, in 1845, Margaret L. Traugh, of Hollidaysburg, who ANDREW .T. JONES. Andrew J. Jones, son of Robert Thomas Jones' and Margaret Williamson, was born, 1803, in County Donegal, Ireland. He received a fine English educa- tion, and early in life came to Harrisburg,' where he learned merchandising with John Cameron. Subse- quently, in partnership with his brother Samuel T., he entered into the mercantile business, which they successfully carried on for many years. Mr. Jones became quite prominent in political affairs, and in 1848, upon the election of Gen. Zachary Taylor to the Presidency, was appointed postmaster at Harrisburg, a position he acceptably filled four years. He died at Harrisburg Jan. 13, 1867, aged sixty-four years. Mr. Jones was thrice married, first, to Mary Ann Jones, daughter of Thomas Jones and Margary Donnelly, of Perry County, Pa. She died in March, 1843, and there was issue : Robert Thomas, d. s. p. ; John Came- ron (1833-56) ; and Samuel T. Second, to Susan B. Ayres, daughter of William Ayres and Mary Eliza- beth Bucher, of Harrisburg. Third, to Sarah A. Buck- man, of Burlington, N. J., and there was issue : Vir- ginia E. and Andrew J. 1 Rob&i't Thomaa Jones was a native of County Donegal, Ireland, emigrating to America in 1806, He married Margaret Williamson, a native of Ireland. They had issue ; i, Mary Ann. ii. David S. iii. Margaret ; m. Thomas E. Ellis. iv. Robert H.; m. Sarah Morritt Egle, V. Andrew J. vi. Samuel T. vii. Eliza; m. Rev. Francis H. Ritachie. 510 HISTOKY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. BENJAMIN JORDAN. Benjamin Jordan, son of Thomas Jordan and Rachel Steele, was born July 19, 1779, on the ground where the town of Milton, Northumberland Co., Pa., is lo- cated. Thomas Jordan the first of his family was an emigrant from Scotland, coming to America prior to 1700, and settled in Cecil County, Md. He and his family were rigid Presbyterians, and attached them- selves to Ohristianna Church, located just over the line in the State of Delaware. In the yard of that church the remains of four generations of the Jordan family rest.' Thomas Jordan, father of Benjamin, was born near this old church prior to 1752, from whence he removed to Northumberland County, prior to the war of the Eevolution. When the son was only a few weeks old the family were driven from their home by the marauding Indians, when they located in York County, where Thomas Jordan died. He married Rachel Steele, the eldest sister of Gen. Archibald and Gen. John Steele, of Revolutionary memory. In 1805 Benjamin Jordan removed to Lancaster, where he engaged himself in the business of bookseller with William Dickson, at the same time assisted in edit- ing the Lancaster Intelligencer until 1808, when he was appointed weighmaster of the port of Philadel- phia. In 1816 he resigned and came to Dauphin County, taking up his residence at Walnut Hill. Mr. Jordan represented the Dauphin district in the State Senate 1846-1850. He died at his residence May 24, 1861, in the eighty-second year of his age. Mr. Jordan married, Oct. 29, 1811, Mary Crouch, born Oct. 23, 1791, at Walnut Hill, Dauphin Co., Pa. ; died Oct. 27, 1846, at the same place; daughter of Edward Crouch and Margaret Potter. They are both interred in old Paxtang Church graveyard. ABRAHAM JURY. Among the earliest settlers on the Wiconisco was Abraham Jury, or, as it is sometimes written, Shora. He was of French-Huguenot descent, and emigrated from Switzerland about 1765. He located within the valley not far from the town of Millersburg. He was a farmer, and took up a large tract of land. In the Eevolution he served during the campaign in the Jerseys, and subsequently on the frontiers, as did also his eldest son, Samuel. He died in August, 1785, leaving a wife, Catharine, and the following chil- dren : Samuel, Abraham, Mary, Magdalene, Mar- garet, Catharine, Susannah, Salome. Samuel, we presume, either removed from the valley or died early, for Abraham, Jr., seems to have come into pos- session of the old homestead. The latter died -in No- vember, 1805, leaving John, who was of age, and Jacob, Hannah, and Sally, minors. GEN. JOHN KEAN. Gen. John Kean was one of the earliest settlers of Harrisburg, one of the first judges of Dauphin County, a county commissioner for eight years, two terms State senator from Dauphin and Berks Coun- ties, register-general of Pennsylvania, elector in 1800, voting for Mr. Jefferson for President, and for many years a justice of the peace at Harrisburg. He was the son of John Eean, born in Ireland, 1728, who came to America 1742, served as captain in the Revolution, died at Harrisburg, 1801, aged seventy- three. His wife, Mary Dunlap, was born 1721, died at Harrisburg, 1819, aged ninety-eight. The only son of this union was John, who was born in Phila- delphia, Oct. 3, 1762. His father was located in Dauphin (then Lancaster) in 1775. In 1780, John, Jr., was called into service, and was with the army until after the taking of Yorktown. Upon his dis- charge he was placed with Mr. Clunie, a merchant, at Hummelstown, second sheriff of DaufAin County, at a salary of one hundred dollars a year and board- ing. In this period he taught himself conveyancing and surveying. In 1785 he came to Harrisburg, as partner of Clunie. In 1786 he married his first wife, Mary, daughter of Hon. Robert Whitehill, of Cumberland County. In 1787 he was elected a county commissioner. Hav- ing lost his first wife, he married in 1789, secondly, Jane, daughter of Capt. John Hamilton. In 1788 he was one of the members of " the Harrisburg Confer- ence," held at " The Compass," the old ferry-house, at Paxtang and Vine Streets. He was one of the first managers of the library company, established in 1787 ; of the trustees of the Harrisburg Academy, 1788; treasurer of the Presbyterian congregation ; chosen captain of our first volunteer company upon the resig- nation of Gen. Hanna, and president of the first fire company. In 1792 he was appointed a judge. In 1796 he purchased, " with John Elder, Jr., New Market Forge, about three miles from Palmyra, for twenty-two thousand dollars, and removed thence." A few years before he had been elected to the State Senate, and was re-elected in 1798, serving until 1802. In 1805 he was appointed by Governor McKean reg- ister-general, at a salary of $1333.33, serving for three years. He removed to Philadelphia in 1810, was a merchant there, returned to Harrisburg in 1813, was again appointed justice of the peace by Governor Snyder, and died Dec. 9, 1818, aged fifty-six years, one of the most active and infiuential of the early citizens of Harrisburg. He was brother-in-law by his marriages of Col. Richard M. Grain, Hugh Ham- ilton, Esq., James Alricks, Gen. Jacob Spangler, and Moses Maclean, Esq. He left no male descend- ants. Two of his daughters are living, residents of this city. FREDERICK KELKER. Frederick Kelker, son of Anthony Kelker and Mary Magdalena Meister, was born Oct. 29, 1780. His early education was extremely limited, and con- sisted in a few months' attendance at the parochial school on the churchyard of the Reformed Church BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 511 at Lebanon. In May, 1801, he entered the store of Oves & Moore, and in March, 1805, removed to Har- risburg, where, in partnership witla his former em- ployers, he established in that town the first exclu- sively hardware-store. In 1811 he purchased the interest of his partners and became the sole owner. In 1823, his health failing, he relinquished business, and disposed of it to two of the young men who had been in his employ. He continued, however, to re- side in the house in which he first settled until his decease. Through all that period he manifested great interest in the welfare of his successors in own quiet and unobtrusive way to the amelioration of the condition of the poor, sick, and friendless. In the vigor of manhood he filled many minor positions in the community in which he lived, always rejecting political preferment. For several terms he was a member and president of the Borough Council ; was a director of the branch established by the Phila- delphia Bank in Harrisburg, a director of the Harris- burg Bank, a director of the common schools when they were first established in Pennsylvania, and was ready at all times to co-operate with his fellow-citi- zens in all the benevolent enterprises of the day. In business, and there was perhaps no year in which a portion of his capital was not to a greater or less ex- tent used by them whenever they desired it. He was remarkable for punctuality and integrity. A close observer of human nature and a safe counselor, being often appealed to by his fellow-citizens, calm and modest in his demeanor, he was not to be swerved from his purposes when he felt that he was in the line of duty. His habits of industry and economy led to the acquisition of a competency, and the latter half especially of his long life was devoted in his the church of which he was a member (the Re- formed) he was prominent; presided at the meeting on the 17th of November, 1820, to establish the first Sunday-school in connection with the church, and active in the measures adopted for erecting the church building yet standing. He died at Harrisburg on the 12th of July, 1857, in the seventy-seventh year of his age. Mr. Kelker was twice married, — first to Lydia Chamberlain, daughter of Charles Chamberlain, of Philadelphia ; second to Catharine Fager, daughter of John and Sarah Fager, of Harrisburg. 512 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. JOHN /kELKBR. John Kelker, fourth son of Anthony Kelker and Mary Magdalena Meister, was born at Annville, Pa., June 12, 1776. He received a good education, or rather such as the country afforded during the Revo- lutionary era, and was brought up to mercantile pur- suits, and learned the trade of a hatter. In 1812 he was elected sheriff 'of Dauphin County, and perma- nently removed to Harrisburg April 29, 1813. He was appointed deputy marshal for the county, and took the census thereof in 1830, and served as county treasurer from 1829 to 1832. Mr. Kelker was an officer of the Reformed Church, Harrisburg, and one of the building committee when the present church was erected. He died at Harrisburg on the 29th of April, 1859, at the age of eighty-three. " In social life,'' wrote a contemporary, " he was an example of urbane manners, of warm and genial friendship, of generous hospitality, and. he was everywhere wel- comed as a man of courteous and kind disposition." Mr. Kelker married, in 1798, Sabina, daughter of Henry Shantz and Sabina Meily, of Lebanon, who died at Harrisburg, Dec. 26, 1853, and had issue. REV. EMANUEL KELLER. Emanuel Keller, son of Peter Keller and Catharine Schaeffer, was born Sept. 30, 1801, at Harrisburg, Pa. He was educated in the schools and academy of the borough, and pursued his classical studies under the direction of his uncle, the Rev. Benjamin Keller. He subsequently entered Dickinson College, where he remained two years, when he began the study of theology with the Rev. Dr. Lochman, of Harrisburg. In 1826 he was licensed by the Lutheran Synod of Pennsylvania, and the same year began his minis- terial labors at Manchester, Md. Thence he removed to Mechanicsburg, Pa., where he continued in the pastorate until a short period before his death, his enfeebled health obliging him to resign his charge. He died at Mechanicsburg on the 11th of April, 1837, in the thirty-sixth year of his age, and is buried in Trindle Spring Church graveyard. The Rev. Mr. Keller married, April 14, 1825, Sabina Seltzer, of Harrisburg. They had five children. JOHN PETER KELLER. John Peter Keller, son of Charles Andrew Keller and Judith Barbara Bigler, was born at Lancaster, Pa., Sept. 28, 1776. His ancestor belonged to one of the oldest families in Switzerland, and emigrated to America in 1735. John Peter learned the trade of a brass-founder, coming to Harrisburg in 1796. In 1801 he established himself in business as brass- founder and rope-maker, which proved successful, and afterwards in general merchandising. He was a member of the Borough Council almost continuously from 1810 to 1824, and was quite prominent and in- fluential in the public affairs of his day. He was identified with nearly all the early enterprises of the town, such as the Harrisburg Bridge Company, Har- risburg and MiddletoWn Turnpike Company, and at his death was the last survivor of the original board of directors of the Harrisburg Bank. He was a gen- tleman of thrift, industry, and indomitable energy, upright, honored, and respected by his fellow-citi- zens. He was no less decided and influential as a Christian, being one of the founders of the Lutheran Church in Harrisburg. He died at Harrisburg on the 1st of October, 1859, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. Mr. Keller was twice married. His first wife was Catharine Schaeffer, daughter of Rev. Fred- erick Schaeffer, D.D., of Lancaster, born Nov. 6, 1774, died Dec. 19, 1842, and by whom he had the follow- ing children : Frederick, George, Rev. Emanuel, Eliza, married James R. Boyd ; Maria, married Lewis L. Plitt ; Catharine, married James Gilliard ; John Peter ; Sophia, married Thomas Montgomery ; Wil- liam, Frederick George, Benjamin, Peter Charles, and Charles Andrew. His second wife was Mrs. Rachel Cochran, widow of William Cochran, formerly sheriff of the county, who survived him thirteen years. MARTIN KBNDIG. Martin Kendig, son of John Kendig and Elizabeth Hill, was born in Sunbury, Northumberland Co., Pa., Dec. 31, 1797. After receiving a fair education he learned the trade of saddle- and harness-making at Harrisburg, and upoii attaining his majority estab- lished the business at Middletown, carrying on, in company with his brother Daniel, the lumber trade. Subsequently the latter, with Judge Murray, erected a large saw-mill at the mouth of the Swatara, and es- tablished an extensive' lumber trade. He served as one of the auditors of the county from 1826 to 1828, and represented Dauphin County in the Legislature from 1837 to 1839. Mr. Kendig died on his farm, ad- joining Middletown, on the 28th day of May, 1850. He was thrice married, and left several children. Mr. Kendig was an enterprising citizen, and a gentleman of probity and worth, highly esteemed in the com- munity, and influential in public affairs. WILLIAM H. KEPNBR. William H. Kepner, son of Samuel and Sarah Kepner, was born in 1810, in Bern township, Berks Co., Pa. His father was a millwright, came to Har- risburg in 1823, and erected the first steam flour-mill in the neighborhood of Harrisburg. William H. adopted the occupation and trade of his father, and at the death of the latter continued the business, ac- quiring an extensive reputation in this and adjoining States for the superior quality of his millstones. For a period of twenty years Mr. Kepner filled various prominent positions in the municipal affairs of the borough and the city. He served several terms in the old Town Council, and upon the amend- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 513 WILLIAM H. KEPNER. ment of the borough charter was elected the council- man-at-large. He was elected the first mayor of the city of Harrisburg, an office he filled acceptably and well. He was at one time the Democratic candi- date for associate judge of the county, and although his party were greatly in the minority, came within a small vote of an election. He was one of the organizers and president of the Harrisburg Fire As- sociation. In all public positions he was faithful to his trust, and conscientiously exercised the authority reposed in his hands. In the city of his adoption he took a large and liberal interest in its growth and general prosperity. He died Jan. 18, 1871, at Har- risburg, aged sixty years. Mr. Kepner married, in 1842, Cassandra Loucks, daughter of George Loucks (1786-1849) and Susan Weltzhoifer (1795-1842), of York County, Pa., and their surviving children are George L. and Ida J., married O. P. Grove, of Har- risburg. BEV. WILLIAM KERR. Rev. "William Kerr was born in Bart township, Lancaster Co., Pa., Oct. 13, 1776. His father dying early, he was left to the tender care of a pious mother. After some years spent in the schools of the neigh- borhood, he was sent to Jeff'erson College, Canons- burg, where he graduated. For some years thereafter he was principal of an academy at Wilmington, Del. He subsequently placed himself under the care of the 33 Presbytery of New Castle, and was shortly after or- dained by that body. He preached in Harrisburg about the years 1804-5, and upon the resignation of the Rev. Mr. McFarquahar was sent to supply the pulpit of Old Donegal Church. In the fall of 1808 the congregation at Columbia made application to Mr. Kerr for part of his time ; it was not, however, until the year following that he consented to give them a portion of his ministerial labors. He continued to be the stated supply there until the first Sunday in January, 1814, when he preached his farewell sermon. Mr. Kerr also preached at Marietta in addition to his charge at Donegal. He died in that town on the 22d of September, 1821, aged forty-five years, and is in- terred in Old Donegal Church graveyard. The Rev. Mr. Kerr married Mary Elder Wilson, daughter of James Wilson and Mary Elder, of Derry, born 1788, died Feb. 22, 1850, at Harrisburg, and their children were Mary, married Hermanns Alricks, of Harris- burg; William M., J. Wallace, James Wilson, and Martha, married Dr. Edward L. Orth, of Harrisburg. As a minister, there were few who stood higher in the estimation of his brethren in the Presbytery for his excellent Christian character and his worth as a preacher of the gospel, than the Rev. William Kerr. CHRISTIAN KUNKEL. Christian Kunkel, son of John Christian Kunkel, was born in the Palatinate, Germany, July 10, 1757. 514 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. His father arrived in Pennsylvania Sept. 23, 1766, subsequently locating at or near York. Christian was brought up to mercantile pursuits. In the war of the Eevolution he was in Col. Slagle's battalion of asso- ciators, and was in active service during the campaign around Philadelphia in 1777. In 1786, in company with his brother-in-law, George Hoyer, he came to Harrisburg. Here he at once entered into business, which with his indomitable energy and industry proved highly successful. He was one of the prime movers and contributed towards the organization of the first German Church in Harrisburg. He was burgess of the borough in 1796, and frequently a member of the Council. He was elected, in 1809, one of the directors of the branch bank of Philadelphia at Harrisburg, and the, same year appointed by Gov- ernor Snyder one of the commissioners for erecting a bridge over the Susquehanna. Mr. Kunkel's event- ful and honored life closed at Harrisburg, Sept. 8, 1823. He was twice married. His first wife, Anna Catharine Hoyer, died Aug. 17, 1796, aged thirty- seven years. His second wife, who was Anna Maria Elizabeth Welshaur, of York County, died July 24, 1862, aged eighty-eight years. They are all buried in the Harrisburg cemetery. Mr. Kunkel had a large family. By his first wife he had George, John, Su- sannah, married David Hummel ; Mary, married- Peter Fahnestock, and Jacob. By his second wife there were Elizabeth, married John C. Barnitz; Ben- jamin, Catharine, married Joseph Ross ; Sarah, mar- ried James Gilliard ; Magdalena, Lydia, married John P. Keller; Rev. Christian Frederick, and Sam- uel. JOHN C. KUNKBL. John Christian Kunkel, son of George Kunkel and Catharine Ziegler, was born in the year 1816, at Har- risburg, Pa. He received a liberal scientific and classical education in the schools at Gettysburg and at Jeflerson College, Canonsburg, at which latter in- stitution he graduated. After leaving college he en- tered Carlisle Law-School, under Judge Read, subse- quently reading law with James McCormick, and admitted to the Dauphin County bar. After his ad- mission to the bar he remained several years in the ofiice with Mr. McCormick. He rapidly gained a large practice and a reputation which few members of the bar enjoy. He also became active in politics, and in the earnest and exciting campaign of 1844, when the young men of the nation had made Henry Clay, then in the zenith of his career, their standard- bearer, the best talent and the most brilliant eloquence that ever graced the American rostrum was called into requisition. Amid all the magnificent display and power of logic that of the young orator of Penn- sylvania, as Mr. Kunkel was recognized, was conspic- uous as well for force of argument as for grace of delivery. The same year he was elected to the Legis- lature, re-elected in 1845, and again in 1850. In 1851 he was elected to the State Senate, and was chosen Speaker of that body at the close of the first session of his term. As a legislator, Mr. Kunkel was promi- nent for the wisdom of his counsel as well as for the power of his eloquertce. His services at the capital added greatly to his already wide reputation as a pure statesman and accomplished scholar. In 1854 and again in 1856 he was elected to the United States Congress. During the four years he spent at Washington City he was regarded through- out the country as one of the ablest statesmen at the national capital. In 1858 he retired from public life and gave his exclusive attention to the practice of his profession, varying the course of his life by occasion- ally helping a friend in a political canvass, and wherever he went he was always the favorite of the people. In 1868 he was stricken down by paralysis, and he never fully regained his health, dying on Sunday, Oct. 16, 1870, at the age of fifty-four years. Perchance the loss of no member of the Dauphin County bar was so severely felt as that of Mr. Kun- kel, if we are to judge of the glowing, sincere, and fraternal tributes paid to his memory by his brethren in the profession at the time of his death. Mr. Kun- kel married Elizabeth Grain Rutherford, daughter of Dr. William Wilson Rutherford and Eleanor Crain, who, with two children, one of whom since deceased, survived. BENJAMIN KURTZ. Benjamin Kurtz, son of Rev. John Nicholas Kurtz, was born in Tulpehockeu, Berks Co., about the year 1765. Under parental instruction he became a good classical scholar, and taught school several years. 'He came to Harrisburg about 1790, and was quite promi- nent in the new town. He was chosen town clerk in 1797, and subsequently elected coroner for the county, serving from Jan. 30, 1800, to Nov. 3, 1802. He rep- resented Dauphin County in the Legislature from 1809 to 1812, and was greatly instrumental in secur- ing the location of the seat of State government at Harrisburg. A man of indomitable energy and force of character, they were mainly exerted in the accom- plishment of a purpose, which was at the time duly appreciated by his constituents. He died in 1889, at Harrisburg. Mr. Kurtz married Elizabeth Gardner, of York, Pa. Their children, all born at Harrisburg, were : i. Cassandra, married John Henning. ii. Anna Maria, married George J. Heisely, of Har- risburg. iii. John N., married Anna Murphy. iv. Rev. Dr. Benjamin, born 1795, died 1866, at Baltimore, Md. ; married, first, Ann Barnett, of Ha- gerstown, Md. ; second, Catharine Baker, of Winches- ter, Va. ; third, Mary Calhoun, of Chambersburg, Pa. V. Henry, who removed to Kentucky, there married and died. vi. Emanuel, died at Bloody Run, Pa., unmarried. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 515 vii. Louisa, married John De Pui, who was clerk of the Pennsylvania Senate several years, and died at Harrisburg in March, 1829, while holding that position ; they left one daughter, Elizabeth. viii. Caroline, married Andrew G. Miller, who re- moved from Gettysburg to Milwaukee, and became the first United States district judge of Wisconsin. SAMUEL LAIRD. Samuel Laird, the son of Samuel Laird (1732-1806) and Mary Young (1741-1833), daughter of James Young, was born at Carlisle, Pa., on the 15th of Feb- ruary, 1769. His father was for many years one of the Provincial magistrates of Cumberland County, and," under the Constitution of 1776, one of the jus- tices of the courts. Mr. Laird received a classical education, studied law at Carlisle, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar at the September term, 1792. He located at Harrisburg, and soon secured a large and successful practice. In the early years of the borough he took a leading part in its local affairs, and was a prominent actor in the first decade of its history. He died at Harrisburg, Jan. 15, 1815, aged forty-five years. He married Elizabeth Montgomery, second daughter of the Rev. Joseph Montgomery, who died Oct. 12, 1814, aged forty-four. Their re- mains lie interred in the Harrisburg Cemetery. Mr. Laird was a good lawyer, a pleasant speaker, and a courteous, honorable gentleman of the old school. SAMUEL LANDIS. Sumuel Landis, the son of Abraham Landis and Susannah Reinoehl, was born at Halifax, Dauphin Co., Pa., on the 22d of June, 1813. His father was a native of Berks County, and came to Dauphin County shortly after his marriage. His father dying while the son was only eleven years old, he was taken from school and put to merchandising, first at Hali- fax and afterwards at Harrisburg. With a limited education he applied himself to study, and when about twenty he taught school during the winter. About 1835 he purchased a store at Halifax, and was in continued mercantile business thirty years. In 1851 he removed to his farm near Halifax, but com- missioned justice of the peace, April 10, 1855, hg re- turned to the town. In 1801 he was elected associate judge of the county. From February, 1874, until his death, March 8, 1876, he was cashier of the Real Es- tate Bank at Harrisburg. Judge Landis married, June 22, 1836, Margaret Kinter, daughter of Isaac Kinter and Elizabeth Henry, of Rockville, who sur- vives. In church matters he took a prominent part, held the position of recording steward of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church thirty years, was a member of the first Sunday-school organized at Halifax, of which for many years he was the superintendent. By his will he donated five hundred dollars for the benefit of the library. Judge Landis was a faithful and zealous Christian gentleman. He was a vice-presi- dent of the Dauphin County Historical Society at the time of his death. PROFESSOR DAVID H. E. LaROSS. David Henry Earnest LaRoss, the son of Rev. Joseph LaRoss and Elizabeth Earnest, was born Jan. 9, 1827, at Bloomsburg, Columbia Co., Pa. His father died when his son was an infant, and his mother, an exemplary woman, when he was eleven years of age. Thus early left an orphan, he was thrown upon his own resources for a livelihood. After varied employments, he returned to Hummelstown with his maternal uncle, and shortly after apprenticed himself to the trade of cabinet-maker. After serving his time he began clerking at Harrisburg, where he remained several years, at the same time closely ap- plying himself to study. He subsequently entered Lafayette College, Easton, where he remained two years, his limited means not permitting him to re- main for graduation. He then began teaching as a profession. In 1860 he was first elected county superintendent of public schools, in which position he served until his death, except in 1872, when he was elected to a term of ofiice by a vote of sixty-five out of ninety polled, yet, owing to some defect and objection by several boards of directors, the person who received the next highest number of votes was commissioned superintendent. He was, however, re- elected in 1875 and in 1878, and again in 1881, when his vote was almost unanimous. Professor LaRoss died at Hummelstown, Sunday, Oct. 22, 1882, in the fifty-sixth year of his age. He married, first, in 1853, Sarah A. Coil, of Shaeflferstown, Lebanon Co., Pa., who died in January, 1867, and there was issue : Joseph, John, Mary, Gertrude (married Eli Kline, of Allentown), Carroll, Robert, Sarah, and Eva. He next married Annie W. Breneman, of Elizabeth- town, Pa., who died two years afterwards without issue. In 1872 he married Fannie Hummel, of Hum- melstown, and there was issue: Fannie, Claude, and Edna. WILLIAM LAUMAN. William Lauman, the son of George and Elizabeth Lauman, early settlers at Middletown, was born in that borough on the 18th of June, 1772. He learned the trade of a hatter in Philadelphia, where he be- came acquainted with Elizabeth Meyers, and married her. He then returned to Middletown, where he car- ried on a successful business. He was chosen to the Legislature in 1827, serving two terms, having pre- viously been county auditor, 1822 to 1825. Mr. Lau- man kept the "stage oflBce" near Centre Square, and on the 24th of December, 1829, succeeded John Mc- Cammon as postmaster, an office he held until his death, which occurred on the 13th of December, 1832. He was succeeded by his widow, who filled the posi- 516 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNT y. tion until June, 1834, when she removed from the borough, Mrs. Lauman died at Morgan's Corners, near Philadelphia, on the 4th of July, 1853. Her remains rest by those of her husband in the old Lutheran graveyard in Middletown. They had nine children, four of whom are living, — Eliza, widow of John Oroll ; Hannah, William M., and Edward J. The late Maj. George M. Lauman was one of their sons. Mr. Lauman was an industrious and enter- prising citizen, hospitable, generous, and social. SAMUEL M. LAWRENCE. Samuel M. Lawrence, son of Joseph Lawrence and Maria Bucher, was born in Washington County, Pa., Dec. 14, 1835. His father's death occurring when he was six years old, his mother removed two years later to Harrisburg, her former home, where she continued to reside during the remainder of her life, and here Samuel received his principal education, although attending Jefferson College for a time. From boy- hood he was a remarkable student, and had a perfect hunger for knowledge. At an early age he adopted the profession of civil engineering, and was engaged in the survey of the Sunbury and Erie (now Philadelphia and Erie) Rail- road, and continued on it until its completion in 1864. He was perfectly familiar with every part of the road, and had traveled it all on foot from Sunbury to Erie. He was one of the four original contractors who built the Oil Creek Eailroad, and was also chief engineer of it. He was also engaged in the survey of the Warren and Franklin Railroad at the time of his death. He was nominated by the Republican party in the counties of Clearfield, McKean, Jefferson, and Elk for the Legislature, and represented them in the ses- sion of 1860-61, thus spending this winter in Harris- burg, his old home. Not having a taste for politics, he declined further nominations. He married, April 4, 1864, Hanna Green, of Ger- mantown. Pa., daughter of Hon. John Green. He resided in Warren, Pa., the last three or four years of his life, dying there Oct. 17, 1864, in his twenty- ninth year. He is buried at Harrisburg, in the ceme- tery where also lie his mother and brother, W. C. A. Lawrence. Few men have had more devoted or a larger num- ber of friends than the subject of this sketch, and few have left behind them kindlier memories than he. WILLIAM C. A. LAWRENCE. William Caldwell Anderson Lawrence, son of Joseph Lawrence and Maria Bucher, was born May 18, 1832, in Washington County, Pa. His grand- father, John Lawrence, of English birth, emigrated to America at an early day, and settled near Hunters- town, Adams Co., Pa. There he married Sarah Moffet, by whom he had ten children. John Lawrence died about 1786, and three years afterwards his widow removed with her family to Washington County, Pa., and settled on a farm lying upon the head-waters of Pigeon Creek. Of the sons of John Lawrence, John settled at Beaver, Pa. ; twice represented the county in the Legislature, subsequently removing to Delaware County, Ohio, where he died. Samuel fol- lowed his brothA" to Beaver County, and located upon a farm ; he was nine years prothonotary of the county, and twice elected to the State Assembly. He died about 1828. Joseph Lawrence, the youngest of the family, remained in Washington County ; in 1818 was chosen to the Legislature, and served con- tinuously until 1826, being Speaker of the House during the sessions of 1820 and 1822. In 182§ he was elected to Congress; in 1834 and 1835 returned to the Legislature, and in 1836 elected State treas- urer. In 1838 he was a candidate for Congress, de- feated by seventeen votes, but elected in 1840. He died in Washington City, April 17, 1842, and his re- mains were interred in the Congressional burying- ground. He was twice married. By his first wife, Rebecca Van Eman, there were Joseph, George V., Sarah, and Samuel. By his second wife, Maria Bu- cher, who died in 1861, there were John J., James K., William C. A., Samuel, and Susan. William Cald- well Anderson Lawrence was educated at Washington College, where he graduated in 1850 ; came to Harris- burg, and began the study of law with John C. Kun- kel. He was admitted to the Dauphin County bar Aug. 31, 1§53, and entered upon the practice of his profession at Harrisburg as law-partner of Mr. Kun- kel. He was elected to the Legislature in 1857, 1858, and 1859, and was Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives, sessions of 1859 and 1860. He died at Har- risburg, April 21, 1860. Mr. Lawrence was remarkable for genius of a rare order, and his success at the bar and in public life at the commencement of his career gave promise of a future of extraordinary brilliancy, frustrated by his early death. REV. JOHN GEORGE LOCHMAN, D.D. John George Lochman, son of Nicholas Lochman and Maria Schneider, was born at Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 2, 1773. After proper preparation he entered the .University of Pennsylvania, at which he gradu- ated, and from which institution he subsequently re- ceived the doctorate. He studied theology under the direction of the celebrated Dr. Helmuth, a graduate of the University of Halle, and for many years Pro- fessor of German and Oriental Languages in the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. He was licensed to preach in 1794, and soon after accepted a call to Lebanon, where he remained twenty-one years. In 1815 he was elected pastor of the United Evangelical Luth- eran congregations at Harrisburg, Middletown, and Shupp's, where he labored with great fidelity and the most satisfactory results. In 1817 he was president of the German Lutheran Synod of the United States. BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0KY. 517 Dr. Lochman's useful life terminated at Harrisburg on the 10th of July, 1825. The congregations in their appreciation of his services erected a handsome monu- ment over his remains, which are interred on the southeast side of the church. His wife, Susanna HoiTman, died on the 27th of June, 1830, and is buried by his side. Their son, the Rev. Augustus Lochman, D.D., who succeeded his father at Harris- burg, is now the venerable minister at York. Dr. Lochman was an able and popular preacher, was held in high estimation by the church, and exercised an unbounded influence. He was the author of "The History, Doctrine, and Discipline of the Evangelical Lutheran Church," published in 1817, and several other works. Their children were Rev. Dr. August H. (of York, Pa.), William H., Louisa (married Rev. Rothrauflf), Susan (died unmarried), Camilla B. (mar- ried William Keller), Emma (married John Heis, of Illinois), and Annie (married Frederick V. Beisel). died May 28, 1843, daughter of Joseph and Barbara Brubaker, and there was issue, — Albert Scott, Daniel Brubaker, Barbara Ann, and William Anthony; sec- ondly, April 2, 1844, to Mary Murray, of Middle- town, born March 14, 1818, daughter of Francis Murray and Margaret Snyder, and there was issue, — Francis Murray, Charles Cass, George Otis, Walter Jefferson, Sarah Margaret, and Mary Agnes. ANTHONY W. LOOMIS. Anthony Wayne Loomis, eldest son of Ashbel Loomis and Mary Scott, was born April 11, 1806, at Alstead, N. H. The Loomis family in America is descended from Joseph Loomis, who emigrated from Braintree, County Essex, England, in 1638, and set- tled at Windsor, Conn. One of his descendants was Eleazer Loomis, who married Jemima Crandall and removed from Tolland, Conn., to Alstead, N. H., in 1783. He died March 17, 1822, and his wife in April, 1838, at Alstead. Their son, Ashbel Loomis, born Sept. 16, 1779, married Sarah Scott, daughter of Capt. William Scott, one of the first settlers of Peters- borough, N. H. Capt. Scott was born in May, 1733, in Townsend, Mass. ; served in the French and Indian war from 1756 to 1758 in Canada ; was in the war of the Revolution, and after the peace of 1783 was a government surveyor on the Western lakes. He died in Litchfield, Sept. 19, 1796, from sickness caused by exposure in his surveying expeditions. Ashbel Loomis died Aug. 31, 1824, and his wife, Sarah Scott, Sept. 10, 1841. They had four children,— Anthony Wayne, William, Nancy (married Horace Hamblit), and Mary (married Lewis Slader). Anthony W. Loomis came to Pennsylvania in 1827, and began teaching. He first taught a writing-school at Liver- pool, and next year at Harrisburg. He subsequently engaged in the lumber trade near the foot of Berry's Mountain (now the Wiconisco Canal site), and after- wards turned his attention to farming. In 1844 he established the Halifax Herald, which he edited and published about two years, when he began merchan- dising, lumbering and farming until his death, which occurred at Halifax, Aug. 4, 1864. He was an expert penman, having learned the art under the best mas- ters in Boston, and for a third of a century was one of the leading business men in the region of Halifax. Mr. Loomis was twice married, — first, June 8, 1835, to Maria Brubaker, of Halifax, born March 5, 1814, JAMBS MoCAMMON, M.D. James McCammon, of Scotch ancestry, was a native of the County Down, Ireland, born about 1778. He was educated at Edinburgh, and received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the university of that city. He subsequently served two years in the London Hospital, under that celebrated physician. Dr. Fordyce. He came to the United States about 1804, and located at Newville, in Cumberland County, where he had a very_general and extensive practice. In September, 1811, he removed to Middletown, where his brother John resided and was postmaster, —at that period a preferable field to the Cumberland Valley, — and was very successful. He died at Middle- town on the 7th of November, 1815, and was buried in the old Presbyterian graveyard on High Street, in that borough. He left a wife and three children, who afterwards removed to Zanesville, Ohio. Dr. McCammon was a skillful surgeon, and ranked high in his profession. Socially he was agreeable in con- versation and of refined manners. JOHN McCAMMON. John McCammon, of Middletown, was born in the county of Down, Ireland, about the year 1774, and emigrated to the United States when about seventeen years of age. He resided a short time in Chester County, from whence he came to Middletown, where he followed his trade of stone-mason. He married there, and afterwards kept the principal hotel and stage-office on Main Street, near Centre Square. When Gen. Lafayette, on his visit to America, in 1824-25, passed through Middletown on his way to Harrisburg, he and his escort dined at the house of Mr. McCammon. Mr. McCammon was appointed postmaster early in 1803, and continued to hold the office until Dec. 24, 1829, a period of nearly twenty- seven years. He died July 24, 1838, aged sixty-four years, and is buried in the old Presbyterian grave- yard in Middletown. Two of Mr. McCammon's daughters have served lengthened terms as post- mistresses here, — Mrs. Catharine A. Stouch, from Feb.* 17, 1849, to May 15, 1857, and Mrs. Rachel C. McKibbin, the present postmistress, who was first appointed April 5, 1867, and has received three ap- pointments since, making in all a period of about forty-seven years for the family as postmasters. Mr. McCammon was a consistent member of the Paxtang Presbyterian Church. Two children are still living, 518 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. viz., Mrs. E. C. McKibbin, of Middletown, and David C. McCammon, Esq., of Gettysburg. JAMES Mccormick. James McCormick, son of William McCormick and Margery Bines, was born in 1801, near Silver Spring, Cumberland Co., Pa. When less than three years of age he lost his father by a fatal accident. Paternal care thus devolved upon his mother, a bright, deter- mined woman, and by her his preparatory studies were carefully made, fitting him at an early age for Princeton College, where he graduated with reputa- tion and began the study of law with Andrew Caro- thers, Esq., of Carlisle. He was admitted to the bar of Cumberland Cgunty in 1823, and to that of Dau- phin County at the August term, 1825. He opened an office on Market Street, in a one-story frame house next to the Washington Hotel, then kept by Joseph Henzey. His was a most successful career, which never faltered as long as he was able to give his pro- fessional duties any attention, and, indeed, followed him after his retirement from all actual pursuits of it. Mr. McCormick served in Town Council, as good citizens should when called upon to perform a duty so useful and often very vexatious. He was president of that body, also of the Dauphin Deposit Bank, of the Harrisburg Cemetery, of the Harrisburg Bridge Company, and of the trustees of the Pine Street Pres- byterian Church. In all these positions he was a cau- tious and able adviser. He uniformly declined can- didature for office, as also offers of the higher honors of his profession. He died at Harrisburg Jan. 18, 1870, and is buried in the cemetery that owes so much of its elegance to his foresight and judicious counsel. Mr. McCormick married, in 1830, Eliza Buehler, only daughter of George Buehler and Maria Nagle, of Harrisburg, who survived her husband ten years. Upon his retirement he gave the powers of his active mind to the management of a large estate, consisting of furnaces, rolling-mills, grist-mills, and farms. All these interests were successful, and, not- withstanding his physical disability, conducted in a masterly and systematic manner. REV. WILLIAM McFADDBN. William McFadden was born May 3, 1804, in Han- over township, Dauphin Co., Pa. He was of Scotch- Irish ancestors, who were among the earliest settlers in that locality. His advantages of education were exceedingly limited, and at his majority we find him a day-laborer on the Pennsylvania Canal, then in the course of construction. Under the religious teachings of the Eev. John Winebrenner, he became a convert to his faith. Leaving the work of the canal, he went to Harrisburg and worked at shoemaking with Jacob M. Awl, a local preacher of the Methodist Church. His early education having been neglected, he felt an earnest desire for study and self-improvement, and during his leisure hours was kindly cared for and in- structed by the then wife of the Eev. Mr. Winebren- ner, who took a warm interest in him. She encouraged the young student, and when others laughed at her for her cheerful labor bestowed upon the ardent but young and uneducated shoemaker, she, seeing the undeveloped talent, quietly remarked that ''she thought he would yet make a preacher." Her ex- pectations were more than realized in after-years, for McFadden not only became a preacher, but a power- ful minister for good. After a residence of several years in Harrisburg, he removed to Mount Joy, Lan- caster Co., and was early associated with the church organization in that place. He continued to work at his trade, but was not very successful. A friend, however, finding him to be an excellent workman, induced him to move into the business portion of the town, and his work was such as commended him to general patronage. He began his work of the ministry by exhorting at prayer-meetings, assisting the preachers at pro- tracted meetings, and his eloquence was such as to soon bring him into general notice. He applied for and received license from the East Pennsylvania Eldership, which met in Mechanicsburg in December, 1832, and in connection with the Eev. Jonathan Hawk, was appointed to the Dauphin Circuit. At the suc- ceeding eldership he reported considerable progress on his field of labor, and the eldership appointed him, with Mr. Keller, to York County. From thence until within a few years of his death, when failing health obliged him to cease active labors, Elder McFadden was actively engaged in the work of the ministry. During the administration of Governor Pollock he was a messenger in the State Department, and there was a warm personal attachment betwee,n them, which lasted until Elder McFadden's death. While a resi- dent of Lancaster County, he was for a year an active agent of the Bible Society. He died Jan. 30, 1874, and his remains lie near those of his former friend and associate, Eev. John Winebrenner, in the Harris- burg Cemetery. The ^ev. Mr. McFadden was won- derfully gifted with the power of song, and the recol- lection of his clear, melodious voice is still fresh in the memory of many. His preaching was plain, practical, close, and searching. As a natural orator he had few superiors, and as a great revivalist who could appeal to the hearts of his hearers, and by his unstudied eloquence get them into sympathy with himself, he had few equals. WILLIAM MACLAY. William Maclay, son of Charles Maclay and Elea- nor Query, was born July 20,' 1737, in New Garden township, Chester Co., Pa. In 1742 his father re- moved to now Lurgan township, Franklin County, where his boyhood days were ^ent upon the paternal farm. When the French and Indian war broke out he was at Eev. John Blair's classical school in Chester BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 519 County, and desiring to enter the service of the Prov- ince his tutor gave him a recommendation "as a ju- dicious young man and a scholar," which secured him the appointment of ensign in the Pennsylvania Bat- talion. He vfas promoted lieutenant in the Third Battalion, Lieut. -Col. Hugh Mercer, May 7, 1758; accompanied Gen. Forbes' expedition that year, and especially distinguished himself at the battle of Loyalhanna. In Bouquet's expedition of 1763, he was in the fight of Bushy Run, while in the subse- quent campaign of that gallant ofiicer he was sta- tioned with the greater portion of the Second Penn- sylvania on the line of the stockade forts on the route to Fort Pitt as lieutenant commanding the company. For these services he participated in the Provincial grant of land to the officers connected therewith, lo- cated on the West Branch of the Susquehanna, and most of which he assisted in surveying. He studied law and was admitted to the York County bar April 28, 1760, but it is doubtful if he ever practiced his profession at that court, the continued Indian war, and his subsequent duties as surveyor, engrossing his entire time, although from a letter 6f John Penn's it would seem that he was afterwards admitted to the Cumberland County bar, and had acted for the pro- thonotary of that county. At the close of the French and Indian war he visited England, and had an inter- view with Thomas Penn, one of the Proprietaries, relative to the surveys in the middle and northern parts of the Province, and was the assistant of Sur- veyor Lukens on the frontiers. In 1772 he laid out the town of Sunbury, and erected for himself a stone house, which was standing a few years since. Upon the organization of the county of Northumberland he was appointed pro- thonotary and clerk of the courts. He also acted as the representative of the Penn family, and took a prominent part in the so-called Pennamite war. In writing to the Secretary of the Province in April, 1773, he says, "If hell is justly considered as the rendezvous of rascals, we cannot entertain a doubt of Wioming being the place;" but much as he was prejudiced against the Connecticut settlers he foresees the future value of the land in that valley, and advises Penn not to sell his reservation there. At the outset of the Revolution, although an' officer of the Proprietary government, William Maclay took a prominent and active part in favor of independence, not only assisting in equipping and forwarding troops to the Continental army, but marched with the asso- ciators participating in the battles of Trenton and Princeton. During the Revolution he held the po- sition of.assistant commissary of purchases. In 1781 he was elected to the Assembly, and from that time forward he filled the vanious offices of member of the Supreme Executive Council, judge of the Courts of Common Pleas, deputy surveyor, and one of the com- missioners for carrying into eflfect the act respecting the navigation of the Susquehanna River. About this period he visited England in the interest of the Penn family. In January, 1789, he was elected to the United States Senate, taking his seat there as the first senator from Pennsylvania. He drew the short term, and his position terminated March 3, 1791, his colleague, Robert Morris, securing the long term. His election to this body raised him upon a higher plane of po- litical activity, but contact with the Federal chiefs of the Senate only strengthened his political convic- tions, which, formed by long intercourse with the people of Middle Pennsylvania, were intensely Demo- cratic. He began to differ with the opinions of Presi- dent Washington very early in the session ; he did not approve of the state and ceremony attendant upon the intercourse of the President with Congress, he flatly objected to the presence of the President in the Senate while business was being transacted, and in the Senate boldly spoke against his policy in the immediate pres- ence of President Washington. The New England historians, Hildreth and Good- rich, repute Thomas Jefferson as the " efficient pro- moter at the beginning and father and founder of the Democratic party." Contemporary records, however, show beyond the shadow of a doubt that this respon- sibility or honor, in whatever light it may be regarded, cannot be shifted from the shoulders or taken from the laurels of Pennsylvania statesmanship. Before Mr. Jefferson's return from Europe, William Maclay assumed an independent position, and in his short career of two years in the Senate propounded ideas and gathered about him elements to form the oppo- sition which developed with the meeting of Congress at Philadelphia on the 24th of October, 1791, in a division of the people into two great parties, the Federalists and Democrats, when, for the first time, appeared an open and organized opposition to the administration. The funding of the public debt, chartering the United States Bank, and other measures cfiampioned necessarily by the administration, whose duty it was to put the wheels of government in motion, engen- dered opposition. Mr. Maclay, to use his own lan- guage, " no one else presenting himself," fearlessly took the initiative, and with his blunt common sense (for he was not much of a speaker) and Democratic ideas took issue with the ablest advocate of the ad- ministration. Notwithstanding the prestige of Gen. Washington, and the ability of the defenders of the administration on the floor of the Senate, such was the tact and reso- lution of Mr. Maclay that when, after his short ser- vice, he was retired the Senate and succeeded by James Ross, a pronounced Federalist, their impress was left in the distinctive lines of an opposition party, a party which, taking advantage of the warm feeling of our people towards the French upon the occasion of Jay's treaty with Great Britain in 1794, and of the unpopularity of the alien and sedition laws passed 520 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. under the administration of President John Adams, in 1798, compassed the final overthrow of the Federal party in 1800. While in the Senate Mr. Maclay preserved notes of its discussions both in open and secret sessions, with observations upon the social customs of the first statesmen of the republic, which have recently been published and edited by George Washington Harris. Upon his retirement, he resided permanently on his farm adjoining Harrisburg, where he erected the stone mansion for many years occupied by the Harrisburg Academy. In the year 1795 he was elected a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and again elected in 1803. He was a Presidential elector in 1796, and from 1801 to 1803 one of the associate judges of the county of Dauphin. He died at Har- risburg onthe 16th of April, 1804, in the sixty-seventh year of his age, and was interred in old Paxtang Church graveyard. Mr. Harris, who edited his jour- nal, gives us this summary of Mr. Maclay's character : " He was a man of strict integrity, of positive opinions, having implicit confidence in his own honesty and judgment, he was inclined to be suspicious of the in- tegrity of others, whose sentiments or action in mat- ters of importance difiered from his own, and the journal to which reference has been made is evidence of the strength of his intellect." "In personal ap- pearance Mr. Maclay is said to have been six feet three inches in height, and stout and muscular. His complexion was light, and his hair in middle age ap- pears to have been brown and was worn tied behind or clubbed." Mr. Maclay married, about 1769, Mary Harris, eld- est daughter of John Harris, the founder of Harris- burg, and his wife Elizabeth McClure. MOEDECAI McKINNEY. Mordecai McKinney, son of Mordecai McKinney and Mary Chambers, daughter of Col. William Cham- bers, was born near Carlisle, Cumberland Co., Pa., in 1796. He was educated at Dickinson College, where he graduated quite young. He studied law under Judge Duncan, of Carlisle, completing his instruction at Harrisburg, being admitted to the Dauphin County bar at the May term, 1817. In 1821 he was appointed district attorney of Union County, serving three years. In 1824 he was chosen clerk to the county commissioners of Dauphin County, and Oct. 23, 1827, Governor Shulze appointed him one of the associate judges of the same county. Subsequently Judge Mc- Kinney turned his attention to the compilation of law books, and published " McKinney's Digest," "Our Government," "Pennsylvania Tax Laws," and other works of professional value. He died at Har- risburg on the 17th day of December, 1867, the result of injuries received from a street car three days pre- vious. Mr. McKinney married Eachel Graydon, daughter of William Graydon, who died at Harris- burg April 12, 1856. The Rev. Dr. Robinson so ac- curately summarizes the characteristics of Judge McKinney's noble life that we cannot refrain from quoting him largely ; "His life as a man and a citi- zen was completely transfused by his religion, sanc- tified and elevated by it. He was modest and unob- trusive in manners, free from all guile, a man of sterling honesty and conscientiousness. He was re- markably free from all taint of selfishness and all pride. Spending all his years in comparative poverty, no more contented, happy, and trusting man walked the streets of this city. As a citizen he was faithful to all obligations, a friend of all that was venerable and good, a defender of law, and a supporter of all that tended to the welfare of society. He was dis- tinguished as a philanthropist. There was a noble- ness about his loyalty to principle, to the cause of the poor, the oppressed, and the despised that might well command universal admiration." REV. PIERCE MAHER. Pierce Maher was a native of Ireland, born about 1813, and was educated at Maynooth College, where he graduated. He came to this country in 1836, and shortly after began the study of theology in Philadel- phia, and subsequently appointed pastor of St. Pat- rick's Church, Harrisburg. Until the establishment of the bishopric of Harrisburg, for a period of thirty- two years, the Rev. Maher was the beloved and re- vered pastor of that church, and the writer of this sketch holds in his afiection and memory the most pleasing recollection and warm friendship of that pious aiid devoted minister of the gospel of Christ. From Harrisburg he went to Norristown, where he remained until his death, which occurred on the 28th of December, 1873, at the age of sixty. Father Maher was a gentleman of extensive classical attain- ments, and had the reputation of being an earnest and faithful preacher and priest. JOHN MEETCH. John Meetch, the son of an Irish magistrate, was born in Enniskillen, county of Fermanagh, Ireland, in 1724. He received a good education. Marrying in opposition to his father, he came, with his wife, to America about 1752, landing at New York. From thence they went to the head-waters of the Susque- hanna, finally passing down that river, locating on the north side of Peter's Mountain, thus being one of the early pioneers of that locality. In 1756 his family was driven ofi' by the Indians, but returned when the settlers had organized for their own de- fense. In the French and Indian war Mr. Meetch took up arms in aid of the frontiers, and when the storm of the Revolution buret upon the country he was an active participant, being in Capt. John Reed's company during the Jersey campaign of 1776-77. Mr. Meetch died at his residence in 1794, his wife surviving him only a few years. They had five c ^^^^^^L^ BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 521 children who reached maturity, — Nancy, married John Cavet, went to Knoxville, Tenn., where she died at the age of ninety ; Mary, married Brown, removed to Westmoreland County; Rebecca, married Dunlap, settled in Erie County ; Eliza- beth, married Robert Lyon, removed to Northumber- land County; and John, who married, and remained on the homestead. WILLIAM H. MILLER. William Henry Miller was born in Landisburg, Perry Co., Pa., Feb. 28, 1829, and died in Harris- burg Sept. 12, 1870. His father, Hon. Jesse Miller, was one of the purest and wisest public men who has ever helped to make for Pennsylvania an honest his-' tory. He held many stations of high trust, filled them with diligence and ability, and came out of them all with spotless hands. He was member of Congress during Gen. Jackson's administration, first auditor of the United States treasury under President Van Buren, and he was appointed Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania under Governor Francis R. Shunk, at which time he removed from Washington, D. C, to Harrisburg, where he died in the month of August, 1850. William H. Miller's early life was characterized by an' eagerness and thirst for knowledge, bright in- tellect, with all of that exquisite disposition to oblige, that benevolence in small things, which has been de- fined as the highest politeness, which made him in after-years the most charming and winning of com- panions. There was no taint, of deceit in his com- position, and he made friends as his days lengthened. He was graduated at Franklin and Marshall College, read law with Hermanns Alricks, an eminent member of the profession in Harrisburg, and was admitted to practice Nov. 18, 1846. Upon his appointment as pro- thonotary of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, in 1854, he took up his residence in Harrisburg, and served with ability in that capacity until 1863. He was for one term clerk of the State Senate, and for a number of years connected with the Harrisburg Pa- triot. In 1862 his popularity was evinced by his elec- tion to the Thirty-eighth Congress of the United States by the people of his district, in the face of a heavy party majority, where he served with high reputation. He died in his forty-second year, in the prime of a busy and useful life. In every position he performed his duty with zeal, faithfulness, and ability. He was a vigorous writer, a judicious counselor, and a fear- less and eloquent advocate. The wronged and op- pressed all found a defender in William H. Miller. He never stopped to calculate the consequences or count the fee when the humble and the weak ap- pealed to him for counsel and assistance against pow- erful injustice. His views of the duties of a public man were pure and elevated, and he faithfully car- ried them out in practice. His scorn of the corrupt arts which prevail in modern legislation was intense and uncompromising, and his friendship warm and sincere. Every appeal to his bounty met a hearty response. Mr. Miller was one truly loved by his fellow-men. The rich sought his society, the poor his counsel and advice in their day of trouble, and they never appealed in vain. He married Ellen, the eldest daughter of the late Christopher L. Ward, of Towanda, Pa., who, with one son, Jesse Miller, survives him. His father was born in Susquehanna County, Pa., in 1807, where his father was a pioneer settler, was a prominent lawyer, editor, and wealthy and influential citizen. He resided most of his life at Towanda, and a writer said of him, after his death, in 1870, "The summary of his virtues may be set down, — an industrious spirit, a ceaseless en- ergy, a sound judgment, a generous hand, a liberal mind, and a most tender heart.'' He possessed the largest and most valuable private library in the State, comprising some fifteen thousand volumes, which has been, since his death, donated, by Mrs. Miller, to La- fayette College. * ANDREW MITCHBL. Andrew Mitchel, a native of Dublin, Ireland, born Nov. 1, 1754, emigrated to America in 1774, on the eve of the Revolution. Espousing the cause of the colonies, he took position as an ofiicer among the defenders of his adopted country. He was a gentle- man of finished education and excellent moral train- ing, — having been destined for a clerical life,^adopted teaching as an avocation, and in the dearth of pre- ceptors after the peace of 1783, had gratifying suc- cess as an educator. He came to Harrisburg in 1791, and in June, 1795, married Margaret, the widow of Capt. John Hamilton. He was one of the burgesses of the borough in 1799, and served a number of years in the Town Council. Mr. Mitchel was an officer and early member of the Presbyterian Church, and greatly assisted in its first organization. He died Dec. 21, 1825, at his residence on Front Street, now Mrs. Dr. Rutherford's. His daughter, Jane Alexander, wife of Dr. Thomas Whiteside, was the only, child who sur- vived him. REV. ANDREW D. MITCHELL. Andrew Dinsmore Mitchell was born in York County, Pa., Feb. 2, 1824, and there he passed his early life. He graduated at Jefferson College in 1841, and afterwards spent some time in teaching. In 1844 he matriculated at Princeton Theological Semi- nary, where he prepared for the ministry. He came under the care of the Carlisle Presbytery in 1849 as a licentiate from the Donegal Presbytery, and at the same time calls were placed in his hands from the united charge of Paxtang and Derry. These he ac- cepted, and in 1850 was ordained and installed pas- tor of that people, whom he acceptably served until 1874, when at his own request the pastoral relation was dissolved. Subsequently he declined certain posi- tions that were in his offer, but in 1876 he accepted 522 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. tlie appointment of post chaplain in the United States army by his friend, the Hon. J. D. Cameron, then Secretary of War. He spent five years at the mili- tary, prison of Fort Leavenworth, Kan., and was transferred in the fall of 1881 to Fort Grant, Arizona, where he died on the 26th of March, 1882, aged fifty- eight years. Mr. Mitchell had also been the very acceptable stated clerk of the Carlisle Presbytery from 1857 to the year of his appointment as chap- lain, 1876, when he resigned, and received the special commendation of the Presbytery for his very faithful services. He had been repeatedly sent by his Pres- bytery as a commissioner to the General Assembly, and in 1868 he was elected moderator of the Balti- more Synod, when the Carlisle Presbytery formed a part of that body. As a preacher he was clear, logi- cal, and instructive, and as a presbyter regular in his attendance and eminently useful. He was very de- cided in his convictions, both theological and politi- cal ; he was no less tolerant of the opinions of others, and was a warm friend of the union between the two branches of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Mitchell married a daughter of Dr. Benjamin J. Wiestling, of Middletown, Pa. CHAELBS MOWRY. Charles Mowry was born in Litchfield, Providence Co., R. I., in 1777. He received a classical education, and came to Pennsylvania about 1800, and engaged in teaching. In 1808 he began the publication of the Temperate Zone, at Downingtown, Chester Co. This was subsequently changed to the American Republican, and Mr. Mowry continued its publication until 1821, when he came to Harrisburg in the interest of Wil- liam Findlay, who was a candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania for a second term, and became editor of the Pennsylvania Intelligencer, previously the Har- risburg Republican. This paper he eventually disposed of to Gen. Simon Cameron, who had been associated with him as copartner in its manalgement, in order that he might assume the duties of canal commis- sioner, to which he had been appointed by Governor Shulze. During his career as editor he acquired con- siderable celebrity as a political writer, and exercised a marked influence upon the policy of his party. He died at Harrisburg July 29, 1838. He married, March 31, 1812, Mary Richmond, daughter of George Richmond, of Sadsbury township, Chester Co. She died March 28, 1862, aged seventy-six years. They had six children, — three sons, since deceased, and three daughters,— Mary, married Samuel D. Young, and is a widow ; Susan, married Hon. David Flem- ing; and Jane, unmarried. CHARLES EDWARD MUENCH. Charles Edward Muench, a native of Mettenheim, Wurtemberg, in the Palatinate of Chur Pfalz on the Rhine, Germany, was born Jan. 7, 1769. He was of Huguenot-French descent, his grandfather, Charles Frederick Beauvoir, fleeing France during the relig- ious persecutions, and purchasing the " Muench Hoflf," toot his surname therefrom. Charles Edward, the younger, was early sent to Heidelberg, where he completed his theological studies. It was just at the commencement of the general war in Europe when, on the occasion of hjs home being invaded by the French army, he received and accepted a commission as captain of a company of hussars in the allied armies, in which service he was severely wounded by a pistol-ball in the leg, and a sabre cut on the left hand. He commanded the guard that conducted La- fayette to the prison at Olmutz. On the 8th of July, 1794, he was promoted quartermaster under Sir Francis, of Wiedlungen. On the very day of his pro- motion he married Margaretha Bieser. In 1798 he came to America, where he taught a German school successively at Shaefferstown, Lebanon Co., and Eeh- rersburg, Berks Co. In 1804 he removed to Lykens Valley, at the Hoffman Church school property ; but discouraged somewhat at the wild appearance of the land, he went to Union County. Subsequently, in 1806, the congregation at Hoffman Church requested his return, when yielding thereto he once more en- tered upon the duties of his station. For a period of twenty-eight years he was a faithful teacher, and al- though not the ordained minister, yet very frequently conducted the religious services in Hoffman Church; and officiated on funeral occasions. He was greatly beloved by the people, and his death, which occurred on the 8th of January, 1833, occasioned sorrow in niany a household. His beloved wife, Margaretha, died in the following year (1834), and their remains lie interred side by side in the graveyard of old Hoffman Church. The Rev. Muench was exceedingly expert with the pen, had a refined artistic taste as to draw- ing and designing, and in the ornamentation of books and inlaying of furniture. He was a musician of no ordinary ability, and was an adept in all those essentials characteristic of the home-culture of the Germans of the better class. CAPT. JAMES MURRAY. James Murray, son of William Murray, was born in Scotland about 1729. In 1768, James Murray took out a patent for the tract of land on which he resided, located in Upper Paxtang township, and then sur- veyed to him. In 1775 he. was chosen a member of the Committee of Safety for his township, and on the 8th of November of that year took his place in the general committee for Lancaster County. On the 4th of July, 1776; at a military convention represent- ing the fifty-three battalions of the associators, he was present as one of the captains for that county. The roll of his company is given in the Revolutionary history of the county. With John Eodgers and John Harris, on the 8th of July, 1776, by appointment of the Provincial Conference, he superintended the elec- tion held at Garber's Mill for the Sixth District of BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 523 Lancaster County, to make a choice of delegates to the convention that assembled on the 15th of the month, and which framed the first constitution of the State. During that and the following year he was almost in constant active military service with his company. He commanded one of the companies of the Tenth Battalion, Lancaster County militia, and was with the expedition up the West Branch in 1779. The exposures to which Capt. Murray was subjected during the Revolutionary struggle brought on an at- tack of rheumatism, from which for many years prior to his death he was a constant sufferer. He died at his residence in Upper Paxtang on the 15th of March, 1804, aged seventy-five years. Capt. Murray married Rebecca McLean, a native of Scotland. CAPT. JOHN MURRAY. John Murray, son of William Murray, was a native of Scotland, born about 1731. In 1766 he took up a tract of land lying on the Susquehanna, immediately above his brother James' farm, which adjoined the present town of Dauphin. He commanded a rifle company, which in March, 1776, was attached to Col. Samuel Miles' battalion, and participated in the bat- tles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton. He was promoted to major April 18, 1777, and lieutenant-colonel of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment in 1780, serving until the disbanding of the army in 1783. He then returned to his family and farm. Governor Mifflin appointed him a justice of the peace Aug. 29, 1791, the only political office he ever held. He was an ardent Whig of the Revolu- tion, and a brave officer. He died on the 3d of Feb- ruary, 1798, in his sixty-eighth year, and his remains rest in the cemetery near the borough of Dauphin. Col. Murray married, 29th of December, 1762, Mar- garet, daughter of Andrew and Rebecca Mayes. She died June 22, 1807, aged seventy-four years. They are both buried in the old cemetery at Dauphin. ANTOINE NININGBR. Antoine Nininger was born in 1787, in the Prov- ince of Alsace, France. He entered the French army under Joseph Bonaparte, was taken prisoner and confined at Gibraltar six months, subsequently removed to Canada, from whence he made his escape. He came to Harrisburg about 1815, became a dealer in cattle, which business he carried on for twenty- five years, when he retired from active business. He died Aug. 22, 1866, at Harrisburg, aged seventy- nine years. Mr. Nininger was highly respected by his fellow-citizens for his uprightness of character and his integrity. He married, in 1820, Katharine May (born 1800 in the city of Philadelphia ; died 1833 at Harrisburg), daughter of Bernhard and Agnes May, natives of Amsterdam, Holland. They had issue: William, John (married Catharine Kelker Ramsey), Agnes (married, first. Col. William Sanders, second, Joseph Kemp), James, Catharine, Bernhard, Antoine, Mary Jane, and Eliza, of whom Agnes alone survives. HENRY ORTH. Henry Orth, only son of Adam Orth and Catharine Kucher, was born in 1770 at Lebanon, Pa. He re- ceived a good English education, and was brought up in the iron business. At the death of his father he became the owner of New Market Forge, but being elected sheriff of the county of Dauphin, commis- sioned Oct. 17, 1797, like the vast majority who have followed him in that office, he became finan- cially shipwrecked. In 1801 he was elected State senator, serving until 1804, when he positively de- clined further continuance in office. Governor Sny- der appointed him flour inspector of the port of Philadelphia in January, 1809, but he resigned this office in April following, when he entered mercantile pursuits in Philadelphia. He remained in that city until the close of the late war with England, when he removed to Baltimore, and had there established a successful business as a merchant, when he suddenly died in 1816, at the age of forty-six. Mr. Orth mar- ried, in 1797, Rebecca Rahm (born November 22, 1773; died Dec. 31, 1842, at Harrisburg), daughter of Michael Rahm, of Derry, and left issue. ADAM H. ORTH. Adam Henry Orth, eldest son of Henry Orth and Rebecca Rahm, was born at Harrisburg in 1798. He studied law, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar at the November term, 1822. He held the office of district attorney for Dauphin County in 1827 and 1828, and for several years, in addition to the duties of his profession, he was transcribing clerk of the House of Representatives. He died in Harrisburg on the 15th of October, 1838. He married. May 3, 1832, Elizabeth, daughter of John B. Cox, of Esther- ton, who survived her husband several years. Mr. Orth was a promising lawyer, a faithful officer, and was a gentleman refined and courteous. EDWARD L. ORTH, M.D. Edward Lawrence Orth, youngest son of Henry Orth and Rebecca Rahm, was born in 1813, at Balti- more, Md. His father dying while the son was in early life, the mother removed to her former home, Harrisburg, where the boy was carefully brought up. He received the education of the borough schools, and entered the Harrisburg Academy, where he pur- sued the higher branches. He subsequently began the study of medicine with his brother-in-law. Dr. Luther Reily, afterwards attending the lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, from which institution he graduated March 12, 1834. Locating at Harrisburg, he began the practice of his profession in partnership with Dr. Reily, which continued until SM HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. ■"~i // -I ^.(WJ^ the death of the latter. Few practitioners became as successful as these noted physicians were, and none at the capital were ever so deservedly popular. For seven years after the death of his lifelong friend, Dr. Orth continued his professional life, enjoying not only a large practice, but the confidence and love of his numerous patients. He died at Harrisburg on the 15th of April, 1861, in his forty-seventh year. As a physician, Dr. Orth was learned, skillful, self-sacri- ficing, sympathetic, and faithful. In the community he was greatly beloved for his unassumed, gentle, and gentlemanly demeanor. In the language of a contem- porary, "he was a man of fine culture, a careful, at- tentive, and conscientious physician, quiet and unob- trusive in manner." For many years he was one of the trustees of the Presbyterian Church, was a di- rector of the Harrisburg Bank, and served in the Borough Council. Dr. Orth married Martha Kerr, daughter of the Rev. William Kerr, of Donegal, and their children are Mary (married .Jacob F. Seller), Dr. Henry L. (a prominent surgeon of Harrisburg), and J. Wilson, of Pittsburgh. WILLIAM PATTON, M.D. William Patton, son of Thomas Patton and Elea- nor Fleming, was born in 1775 in Derry township, Lancaster (now Dauphin) Co., Pa. He received a good education, studied medicine under the elder Dr. William Simonton, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. He located at Hummelstown, and was in successful practice there at his death, which occurred the 30th of March, 1816. Dr. Patton mar- ried, March 24, 1808, Eleanor Kean, daughter of Gen. John Kean, of Harrisburg. After his decease she married Christian Spayd, of Hummelstown. JAMES PEACOCK. James Peacock, the eldest son of William Peacock and Mary McArthur, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, was born in Paxtang township, Dauphin Co., Pa., April 8, 1788. His education was in a great measure due to his mother's care and tuition, with self-application in after-years. At the age of fifteen he began to learn the ■ printing business with Mr. Edward Cole, of Lewistown, where he remained until 1807, when he went to Lan- caster to work on the Intelligencer. In 1809 he was employed by the celebrated John Binns, of Philadel- phia, on book work, and subsequently by Mr. Dinnie on the Portfolio. While in the latter establishment he became intimate with quite a number of the lit- erati of that period, and concerning whom he has left some interesting " Reminiscences." In 1811, Mr. Peacock returned to Lancaster, and from thence came to Harrisburg, where, in December of that year, BIOGEAPHICAL HISTORY. 525 he started the Pennsylvania Republican, which he con- tinued to publish for about eight or nine years, in the mean time being one of the printers to the Senate and House. In December, 1821, he was employed as an as- sistant clerk of the Senate, and in March, 1822, received the appointment of postmaster at Harrisburg in place of Mrs. Wright, who had recently deceased, an office he held under different national administrations until the 15th of November, 1846. In December, 1847, he removed to Philadelphia, where he became iden- tified with the publication of the Evening Bulletin, The Sun, and Seal's Saturday Gazette, which he man- aged with all the tact and skill of his early years, re- linquishing his labors only a brief time prior to his death. He died in the city of Philadelphia on the 23d of August, 1863, and is interred in the Harris- burg Cemetery. Mr. Peacock was twice married, — first, to Frances 0., daughter of Matthias Slough and Mary Gibson, of Lancaster, who died Oct. 27, 1837 ; and, secondly, to Mrs. Louisa V. Sims, of Mount Holly, N. J., who died in 1869. Mr. Peacock was ever held in high esteem by the citizens of Harris- burg, whether as journalist, or his occupancy of the post-oflBce for a quarter of a century. He always took an active part in public affairs, and was largely instrumental in organizing St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, in which there has been erected a tablet to his memory. He was a gentleman of dignified manners, of refined culture, and a sincere Christian. HENRY PBFFER. Henry Peffer, son of George Petfer and Susanna Beader, was born in the year 1789 in Paxtang. He received a fair education, turned his attention to book-keeping, and followed clerking for many years. In 1814 he was an officer in one of the companies of volunteers which marched to the defense of the be- leaguered city of Baltimore. He was clerk to the county commissioners, and from 1848 to 1850 served as a member of that body. For many years he was an inspector of the Dauphin County prison, the sec- retary of the board, and an efficient officer. He was an alderman of the Second Ward of the city of Har- risburg at the time of his death, which occurred on the 9th of February, 1867, at the age of seventy- eight years. He was interred in old Paxtang Church graveyard. Mr. Peffer married late in life, and had no children. GEN. ANDREW PORTBR.> Eobert Porter emigrated to America from Ireland in the year 1720. He came from what is known as the Isle of Bert, which is distant about nine miles from the' city of Londonderry. He landed at Lon- donderry, New Hampshire, and soon afterwards pur- chased and settled on a farm in what is now Worces- 1 We are indebted to Judge William A. Porter, of Philadelphia, for this sketch of his grandfather, Gen. Andrew Porter, and his family. ter township, Montgomery Co., Pa., about four miles distant from Norristown. He occupied this farm until the day of his death, which took place on the 14th of July, 1770, in the seventy-second year of his age. The records of the church show that in 1741 he was an elder of the Norristown Presbyterian Church. He reared a large family, — nine sons and five daugh- ters. Some of his sons moved westward and south- ward. Those who stayed and those who went be- came generally farmers or tradesmen. The most successful and prominent of his sons was Andrew, born on his father's farm on the 24th of September, 1743. He seems to have shown a taste for reading the few books he could procure. At the age of eighteen or nineteen his father had determined on his learning the trade of a carpenter with an elder brother ; but, after a few months' trial, he was declared to be too fond of books and of figures, and too little disposed to work to be useful as an apprentice. Believing that his aversion to labor and his fondness for books were such that he would never be successful as a farmer or mechanic, the father determined on fitting him for the occupation of a country schoolmaster. The boy was sent for a short time to Mr. Mennon's school, during which he made rapid improvement, especially in mathematics, and then opened a small school in the neighborhood of his father's residence. In the spring of 1767 he removed to Philadelphia, and took charge of an English and mathematical school, which he conducted with much reputation until the spring of 1776, when, at his country's call, he bade farewell to these peaceful avocations to enter into her service. During his residence in Philadel- phia, he had made much progress in his mathematical studies, and had become an accurate astronomer. On the 19th of June, 1776, he was commissioned by Congress a captain of marines, and ordered on board the frigate " Effingham." At this time his school contained about one hundred scholars, and enabled him to support comfortably a family of five children who had recently lost their mother; but all considerations of family and self seem to have been lost in the cause of his country. Not finding among the marines an opportunity of rendering the service he desired, he was shortly after transferred to the artillery ; a corps in which, from his previous studies, he was qualified to be more useful. He continued to serve as a captain of artillery until the 13th of March, 1782, when he was promoted to a majority, to rank as such from the 19th of April, 1781. He was subse- quently promoted successively to the ranks of lieu- tenant-colonel, lieutenant-colonel commandant, and colonel of the Fourth (or Pennsylvania) Eegiment of Artillery, which latter station he held at the disband- ing of the army. While in the army he was personally engaged in the cannonade at Trenton, and in the battles of Princeton, Brandywine, and Germantown. In the last-mentioned action nearly all of his company were 526 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. killed or taken prisoners, and in the first, he received on the field in person the commendation of General Washington for his conduct in the action. In the month of April, 1779, he was detached with his com- pany to join General James Clinton's brigade in the operations under Gen. Sullivan against the Indians. When the siege of Yorktown was determined on, Col. Porter was ordered to proceed to Philadelphia, and superintend the laboratory at which the various kinds of ammunition for that siege were prepared. The grand object for which the American patriots had taken up arms having been accomplished by the peace of 1783, and the army having been disbanded. Col. Porter retired to private life, and to the cultiva- tion of his farm. While thus employed, he per- formed for many of his neighbors the offices of ex- ecutor, trustee, and guardian, and the papers and documents which yet remain show that he discharged these trusts with such exactness and fidelity that his acts passed without a question. The trustees of the University of Pennsylvania tendered to him the Professorship of Mathematics in that institution, which he declined. He was subse- quently appointed by the Supreme Executive Coun- cil of the State one of the commissioners for running, by astronomical observations, the lines between Penn- sylvania and Virginia, and Pennsylvania and what is now Ohio. lu this business he was engaged during the years 1784, 1785, 1786, and 1787. He shortly after retired to his farm in Norristown township, Montgomery Co., within a few miles of the place of his nativity, on which he continued to reside until the spring of 1809. In the year 1800 he was ap- pointed, in conjunction with Gens. Irvine and Boude, to settle the controversies of the Pennsylvania claim- ants in the seventeen townships in the county of Lu- zerne, but resigned the situation in the next spring. In the same year he was appointed brigadier-general of the First Brigade, Second Division of Pennsylvania militia, and shortly after, on the removal of Gen. Peter Muhlenberg to Philadelphia, he was made major-general of the division. In the month of April, 1809, Governor Snyder selected him to fill the office of Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania, which sitilation he held until his de- cease. He found the office in much disorder, remod- eled it, and brought order and system out of confu- sion. During the years 1812 and 1813 he declined the positions of brigadier-general in the army, and Sec- retary of War of the United States, both of which were offered to him by President Madison, believing that his advanced age would prevent the execution of the duties of either situation with that efficiency which the public good and his own reputation required. Andrew Porter was twice married, first, to Elizabeth McDowell, on the 10th of March, 1767, and after her death (which took place on the 9th of April, 1773), to Elizabeth Parker, on the 20th of May, 1777. By his first marriage Gen. Porter had issue : i. Robert, b. 10th of January, 1768 ; served in , the latter part of the war of the Eevolution as a lieutenant in an artillery company ; was admitted to the bar on the 15th of May, 1789, and practiced law in Philadelphia successfully for many years ; was appointed by Gov- ernor Snyder president judge of the Third Judicial District, composed of the counties of Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton ; discharged the duties of this office for many years, and then resigned his commission and retired to private life ; died at Brookville, Pa., on the 23d of June, 1842. ii. Elizabeth, b. 27th of September, 1769. She married Robert Parker in 1790, and settled at Lexing- ton, Ky., where she died in 1851. Her husband died in March, 1800. iii. Mary, b. 12th of March, 1771. She married her cousin, Robert Porter, and settled in Kentucky, where she became the mother of four children, — Eliza, An- drew, Benjamin, and Caroline.- iv. and v. Andrew and William, twins,. b. 9th of April, 1773. They both became merchants, Andrew, in New Orleans, where he died on the 11th of October, 1805, and William, in Baltimore, where he died on the 16th of November, 1835. Gen. Porter by his second wife had, — vi. Charlotte, b. 1st of February, 1778. She be- came the wife of Robert Brooke, Esq., of Philadelphia, and the mother of five sons and three daughters. vii. Anna Maria, b. Jan. 1, 1781; d. in April, 1781. viii. Alexander Parker, b. May 8, 1782; d. in August, 1782. ix. John Ewing, b. May 11, 1784 ; studied the law in Philadelphia, in the office of his brother, Robert, and entered on the practice of his profession in April, 1805, in the counties of Chester and Montgomery. His fine appearance and address soon gave him a good position at the bar. Having entered into a matri- monial engagement, which was broken in a way that incurred the censure of his father, the father wrote sharply, and the son resented the interference deeply. The latter immediately changed his name to that of Parker (his mother's maiden name), and took a reso- lution, which he sternly kept, not to see his father again. He journeyed on horseback southward, and, arriving in North Carolina, changed his profession, and, after studying that of medicine, became a suc- cessful and useful physician. His death .took place at Plymouth, in that State, on the 14th of November, 1819. He died unmarried. X. Harriet, b. 19th of October, 1786. She became the second wife of Col. Thomas McKeen, for many years the president of the Easton Bank. . xi. David Eittenhouse, b. 31st of October, 1788. xii. George Bryan, b. Feb. 9, 1791 ; having gradu- ated at the law school at Litchfield, Conn., then en- , joying a national reputation, he settled in Lancaster, Pa., and subsequently represented that county in the BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 527 Legislature. In 1832, President Jackson appointed him Governor of the then Territory of Michigan, and having held that office for about two years, he died on the 18th of July, 1834. Andrew, the second son of George B. Porter, entered the army on the break- ing out of the Mexican war. He became first lieu- tenant of a company of riflemen, and took part in the battles of Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churu- busco, and Chapultepec. After the city of Mexico had been taken he was made lieutenant-colonel by brevet for gallant meritorious conduct. In 1850, Gen. Scott spoke of him to the writer in terms of high praise for the part he had taken in these several bat- tles. During the late civil war Col. Porter was ap- pointed provost-marshal of Washington, and then provost-marshal-general of the Army of the Potomac. He took part in the battles of Yorktown, Williams- burg, Chickahominy, and the Seven Days' Battle under McClellan, in which some of the hardest fight- ing of the war was done. He had now risen to the rank of brigadier-general, but his health having be- come impaired by fatigue and exposure, he resigned his position in the army, and died in Europe, whither he had gone for the restoration of his health. xiii. James Madison, b. Jan. 6, 1793 ; having been admitted to the bar on the 24th of April, 1813, he settled permanently in Easton in 1818, and for more than forty years practiced his profession as a lawyer throughout the eastern portion of Pennsylva- nia with eminent success. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1838, and, having been proposed as jiresident of that body, was defeated by the election of Hon. John Sergeant by a majority of one vote, but subsequently presided over the conven- tion during Mr. Sergeant's absence as a member of Congress. He afterwards became president judge of the district composed of the counties of Dauphin, Lebanon, and Schuylkill, and while holding that oflnce was appointed by President Tyler Secretary of War. On retiring from this position he resumed the practice of his profession, and was afterwards elected judge of the district which lies at the extreme north- eastern portion of the State. He resigned this office from ill health, and died at his home in Easton on the 11th of November, 1862. Andrew Parker, the second son of James M. Porter, having been educated at West Point, entered the cavalry service, and was first employed as a lieutenant during the Indian hos- tilities in the West. He subsequently became a cap- tain in the commissary department. After the break- ing out of the Rebellion he was appointed assistant commissary-general of the Army of the Potomac, under McClellan. Gen. Thomas, on being promoted to the command of the Army of the Southwest, solicited his appointment as commissary-general in that army, which was accordingly made. His death took place soon after the close of the war. Gen. Andrew Porter died at Harrisburg on the 16th of November, 1813. GOVERNOR DAVID R. PORTER. David Rittenhouse Porter, the son of Andrew Porter and Elizabeth Parker, was born Oct. 31, 1788, near Norristown, Montgomery Co., Pa. He received his early education at an academy in Norristown, where the branches of a good English education, mathematics, and the elementary classical studies were .successfully taught. With his brothers George and James he was here pursuing a course preparatory to entering Prince- ton College, when the buildings of that in.stitution were destroyed by fire, and the purpose of a collegiate course was abandoned. When the father was ap- pointed surveyor-general he took his son, David, with him to the seat of government as his assistant. While GOVERNOR DAVIP R. PORTER. thus employed the son also studied law, with the in- tention of entering upon its practice at Harrisburg, but the labor and confinement of these double duties were too severe, and his health was so much impaired, as was thought, to preclude the possibility of his pur- suing any sedentary employment. He decided, there- fore, to seek more active occupation, and removed to the county of Huntingdon, where he engaged in the manufacture of iron. The Messrs. Dorsey then owned that magnificent estate known as the Barree Forges. Mr. Porter was first employed by them for a year as a clerk, and during the following year was made manager of their works. Having thus acquired an acquaintance with the business, he embarked in it on his own account, in partnership with Edward Patton, on Spruce Creek, but so great was the depression into which all branches of manufactures fell for some years succeeding the War of 1812 that their enterprise was not successful. He continued, however, through life to take a deep interest in all that related to the business. He was in 1819 elected a member of the Assembly from Huntingdon County, and was returned for the following year, having as a colleague John Scott, father of the present senator of the United States. On retiring from the Legislature he was appointed by the Governor prothonotary and clerk of the sev- eral courts of Huntingdon County, and to these were afterwards added the offices of recorder of deeds and 528 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. register of wills. There was then little business in these offices, and the pecuniary returns were meagre. He had in 1820 married Josephine, daughter of Wil- liam McDermott, who had emigrated from Scotland for the purpose of manufacturing steel by a new pro- cess, and who was one of the pioneers in that art. In 1836 he was elected a member of the State Sen- ate from the district then composed of the counties of Huntingdon, Mifflin, Juniata, Perry, and Union. The soundness of his judgment and the readiness of his understanding made him an acknowledged leader. In 1838, Mr. Porter was elected Governor of Penn- sylvania, and in 1841 was re-elected by a majority al- most four times as great as that given at his first elec- tion. His inauguration as Governor occurred on the 15th of January, 1839. Governor Porter took much interest in the success of the system of common schools, then in its infancy, and having appointed Francis B. Shunk superintend- ent, devoted with him much time in resolving the numerous and difficult questions which then came up from the county officers for decision. His eflforts to sustain the credit of the State and to secure the payment of interest on the public debt drew upon him national attention, and were frequently noticed in Europe, where many of the obligations of the State were held. By his recommendation the act of 1840 was passed, requiring the interest on the State debt to be paid in specie or its equivalent. One of his last acts as Governor was the suppression of the riots which occurred in Philadelphia in 1844, and the courage and decision displayed on his taking com- mand of the military in person were generally com- mended and long remembered by men of all parties. Both branches of the City Council, then opposed to his administration, honored him with an. expression of their thanks, and a resolution unanimously passed by those bodies was presented to him in person, ac- companied with an address by the mayor of the city. Having completed, in 1845, the longest term as Governor allowed by the new Constitution, he retired from public life and returned to his favorite pursuit of making iron. The adaptation of anthracite coal to the manufacture of this metal was then almost un- known, and having given much reflection to the sub- ject and made many practical experiments, he erected at Harrisburg, at a large cost, "the first anthracite fur- nace built in that portion of the State. He was for many years the friend of the late Presi- dent Buchanan, and the correspondence which they maintained for a long period shows how frequently that statesman consulted him on questions of national interest and how greatly he relied upon his judgment. There was another public man with whom his in- timacy was even closer, Gen. Sam Houston, of Texas, whose career as a military commander, an executive officer, and effective orator is yet fresh in the public recollection, to whom he made a visit just on the eve of the Rebellion. . Governor Porter returned to his home in Harrisburg, and contributed his influence to sustain the govern- ment in the fierce conflict which had commenced. He scouted the doctrine of secession; To encourage others he shouldered his musket at the age of more than seventy years, and with the young men of the town joined in military drill. He rejoiced greatly over the success of the. Union arms. During the winter of 1867, while attending at night a meeting of his church, he contracted a severe cold. While others regarded the attack as light, he believed that it would prove fatal, and began to prepare for the approaching change. During the succeeding summer he was able to walk out, but in the beginning of Au- gust his strength declined. With great composure and even cheerfulness he arranged several matters of business, and conversed calmly of his approaching end. On the 6th of August, surrounded by several children and a devoted wife, his. hands having been folded on his breast, he thanked those about him for their kindness and dutifulness, and composed himself as if to fall asleep. As one and another passage of Scripture was repeated he expressed his assent, until the pulse became still and the aged heart ceased to beat. He had passed away as gently as a child falls to sleep in its mother's arms. The public business was, at the request of the Governor of the common- wealth, generally suspended. Large numbers of citi- zens came from every section of the State to pay to his memory the last sad tribute of their respect. STACY POTTS. Thomas Potts, the ancestor of Stacy Potts, was a Quaker who emigrated from England with his wife and children, in company with Mahlon Stacy and his family, in the ship " Shield," and landed at Bur- lington, N. J., in the winter of 1678, she being the first ship that went so far up the Delaware. Stacy was a leading man in the Society of Friends and in the government of West Jersey. At Trenton, in 1731, Stacy Potts was born. He received a good education, and learned the trade of a tanner, a business which he successfully carried on at least up to the time of the Revolution. Mr. Potts seems to have been a very enterprising and public-spirited citizen. In 1776, besides owning a tannery, he built the steel-works on Front Street, Trenton, and after the close of the Revolution was largely interested in the erection of a paper-mill in the same locality.. This was prior to the publication of Collins' Bible. In December, 1788, it was adver- tised by its proprietors, Stacy Potts and John Rey- nolds, as " now nearly completed." Mr. Potts took a warm interest in the invention of John Fitch, and was one of the company formed to assist that famous inventor in his experiments, and he, with others, were instrumental in obtaining for Fitch fourteen years' exclusive privilege on the Jersey side of the Delaware. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 529 About this period Stacy Potts came to Harrisburg. It is difficult to divine what were his motives in leaving his native town where he was very popular, and with his ample competency remove to this then new town on the Susquehanna. His second marriage may perchance have had somewhat to do with his removal from Trenton. Coming to Harrisburg he made large purchases of land, and whether it was due to this fact or his agreeable manner, Stacy Potts became quite prominent, was chosen to the Legisla- ture in 1791 and in 1792. During the mill-dam troubles of 1793-95, Mr. Potts was quite active, and was one of the committee of citizens who were willing to take upon themselves all responsibility accruing by the destruction of the obnoxious dam. He served as burgess of the borough, and was a member of. the Town Council. From 1799 to 1803 he again repre- sented Dauphin County in the Legislature. Mr. Potts' sudden departure from Harrisburg is really as inexplicable as his coming to it. He seems to have gone to Trenton about 1805. Stacy Potts subsequently became mayor of Trenton, an office he held for several years. He died in that city April 28, 1816, in his eighty-fifth year. Mr. Potts was thrice married. We have no knowl- -edge as to his first wife. He married, about 1790, Miss Gardiner, of Philadelphia, a Presbyterian lady of superior intelligence. She died at Harrisburg in 1799. His third wife was Mrs. Mary Boyd, widow of John Boyd, of Harrisburg. She survived her hus- band many years ; died at Harrisburg Sept. 25, 1844, aged eighty-four years. Mrs. Boyd was the daughter of George Williams, and had by her first husband James Rutherford and George Williams Boyd, the ancestors of the Boyd family of Harrisburg. Mr. Potts had issue by his first and second wife. Stacy, Jr., who married Polly, daughter of Leonard Som- mers, of Harrisburg, was a lawyer of ability, and died at Philadelphia in 1831, aged fifty-three years ; Re- becca, married George Sherman, editor of the Trenton Federalist ; Anna, married William Potts, of Trenton ; Stacy Gardiner, born at Harrisburg in November, 1799, became one of the justices of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, a position he held some years. He was a gentleman of prominence in public and private life, and died at Trenton in 1865. ing an opposition to the Oracle of Dauphin, under the fiery title of The Phoenix of Harrisburg ; the first, per- haps the only, issue was of Wednesda,y, Oct. 26, 1808 ; its motto , — " I die to be born, my body and name From ashes arisen shall revive in fame." " Press work by Thomas Atkinson, printer.'' He also was author of two or three works, of no great cir- culation. After residing here some years, we find him "swarn interpreter'' to the courts in Philadelphia, from 1812 to 1816, after which he passes beyond our present research. THOMAS RAMSEY. Thomas Ramsey was born near York, Pa., on the 15th of June, 1784. With a limited education ac- quired during his early years, he learned the trade of blacksmithing, at that period an important occupa- tion. About 1806 he located at Hummelstown, Dau- phin Co., and there carried on business. In 1814 he was a corporal of Capt. Moorhead's company of the First Regiment, Col. Kennedy, which marched to the defense of Baltimore. Mr. Ramsey died at Hum- melstown on the 4th of May, 1826, at the age of forty- two years. He married Elizabeth Kelker, daughter of Henry Kelker and Elizabeth Greenawalt, of Leb- anon, born Sept. 8, 1791, and died at Harrisburg 5th of February, 1858. Hon. Alexander Ramsey, former Secretary of War, is their son. Mr. Ramsey was an industrious, enterprising citizen, patriotic, generous, and held in great esteem by his fellow-citizens. JAMBS PH. PUGLIA. . James Ph. Puglia came to Harrisburg about the beginning of this century as a physician and druggist, his place of business was on Front above Chestnut Street. He was probably of Spanish descent, and evidently of good education. He was master of Per- severance Lodge, A. Y. M., in the course of his resi- dence; was of a pugnacious temper, being involved in a series of disputes with his lodge; a great Jeffer- sonian, in which cause his caustic pen overflowed with adjectives ; venting himself at last in publish- 34 CHARLES C. RAWN. Charles Coatesworth Rawn, the son of David Rawn and Elizabeth Cheyney, was born in the city of Wash- ington in 1801. His grandparents, Caspar and Bar- bara Rahn (as the name was originally spelled), were natives of Germany, one of whose daughters, Eliza- beth, was the mother of Governor Francis R. Shunk. Mr. Rawn's father dying when Charles was seven years of age, at Staunton, Va., his mother removed her family to her farm in Thornbury, Delaware Co., Pa. He was educated at the West Chester Academy, then in charge of that distinguished principal, Mr. Gause. In 1826 he came to Harrisburg and began the study of law With Francis R. Shunk, and was ad- mitted to the Dauphin County bar Jan. 18, 1831. He at once commenced his career as a successful pleader, and up to the time of his death was considered one of the leading criminal lawyers at the Dauphin County bar. He was an earnest antagonist of human slavery, and during the days of the Fugitive Slave law was the eloquent pleader in behalf of the poor black. He died at Harrisburg on the 18th of December, 1865. Mr. Rawn married Frances, daughter of Joseph Clendennin and Elizabeth Slough, of Harrisburg, who 530 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. THOMAS J. REHRER. Thomas Jeflferson Eehrer, only son of Godfried Rehrer and Eva Leiss, was born Nov. 8, 1797, near Eehrersburg, Berks Co., Pa. His grandfather God- fried Rehrer or Roher settled there at an early day. During the French and Indian war his residence was on the direct road to the frontier settlements. He married Magdalena Etchberger, and their son, God- fried Rehrer, born in 1769, represented Berks County in the Legislature in 1817, 1820, and 1823. Thomas J. received a good education, was brought up to a mercantile life, but subsequently retired to his farm. While engaged in farming he was elected a member of the Legislature, in which he served two terms. At the close of the last session he removed to Harris- burg, having accepted a clerkship in the land-office of the commonwealth. He remained in that depart- ment, with the exception of two intervals of three years each, until 1866, filling the position of deputy or chief clerk under the several organizations of the office. His long service there made him unusually familiar with the business, and its bearing on the land interest of the State, together with his faithful atten- tion to the duties, was appreciated and recognized by all who had business to transact in the surveyor- general's office. He died Feb. 28, 1872, at Philadel- phia. Mr. Rehrer married Salome Weiser, daughter of John Weiser and Elizabeth Anspach, born Jan. 3, 1799, on the Conrad Weiser farm, about twelve miles west of Reading. She died Oct. 30, 1842, at Harrisburg, and is there buried. Their children were: Clementine M., Clara S. (married Dr. George Dock, of Harrisburg), Miranda E. (married Lewis G. Os- bourn, of Philadelphia), and Erasmus Godfrey. LUTHER REILT, M.D. Luther Reily, the seventh son of Capt. John Reily of the Revolution and Elizabeth Myers, was born Oct. 7, 1794, at Myerstown, Dauphin (now Lebanon) Co., Pa. On the death of his father he came to Harrisburg, and shortly after began the study of medicine with Dr. Martin Luther. In the War of 1812-14, he marched as a private in Capt. Richard M. Grain's company of volunteers to Baltimore, sub- sequently being detailed as assistant surgeon. At the close of the war he resumed the practice of medicine at Harrisburg, and subsequently was at the head of the profession there. Although not taking an active part in politics, he was more or less prominent in public affairs. He was elected to and served as mem- ber of the Twenty-fifth Congress. Dr. Reily died at Harrisburg on the 20th of February, 1854, deeply lamented by the community, who appreciated him as " the good doctor." His wife Rebecca, daughter of Henry Orth, survived her husband only a few months. Their children were Elizabeth (died un- married), Emily (married Dr. George W. Porter), John W., Dr. George W., and Caroline. REV. JOHN ROAN. John Roan was born in Greenshaw, Ireland, on the 30th of April, 1717 (O. S.). He was brought up as a weaver, but began to study for the ministry early in life, and emigrated to Pennsylvania, sailing from Ireland on the 6th of July, 1739, landing the 3d of September following. He entered the " Log College," and taught school on the Neshaminy and in Chester County while pursuing.his theological studies. He was licensed by the " New Side" Presbytery of New Castle, June 27, 1744. The following year (1745) he was settled over the united congregations of Derry, Paxtang, and Conewago, the latter having one-fifth of his time, and was ordained on the 16th of August, that year. The minutes of the Synod placed Roan in Donegal Pres- bytery, and "points of difficulty," says Webster, " con- tinually arose." Towards the latter days of his min- istry Mr. Roan missionated frequently on the south branch of the Potomac. He died on the 3d of Oc- tober, 1776, and is interred at Derry Church grave- yard. On his tombstone is this inscription : " Beneath this stone | are deposited the Remains | of an able, faithful | courageous & successful | min- ister of Jesus Christ | The Rev'd John Roan | Pastor of Paxton, Derry & Mount Joy | Congregations | from the year 1745 | till Oct. 3, 1775 | when he ex- changed I a Militant for a triumphant Life | in the 59th year of his Age." The Rev. John Roan married Ann, daughter of James Cochran and Ann Rowan, of Chester County, born in 1722. She died on the 22d of April, 1788, in Upper Octorara, Chester Co. EDMUND W. ROBERTS, M.D. Edmund Wilson Roberts, youngest son of John Roberts, was born about 1806, at Washington, Pa. He was a graduate of Yale College. His brother, Dr. James Roberts, born in 1780, at Washington, first located at Harrisburg, subsequently removing to Peoria, 111., where he died about 1834. While at Harrisburg, his younger brother, Edmund W., came there and studied medicine under his care, subse- quently graduating from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. He afterwards lo- cated at Harrisburg, and entered upon a successful career in the practice of his profession. He died at Harrisburg, Nov. 10, 1865, at the age of fifty-eight years. Dr. Roberts married Caroline Ross, daughter of Andrew Ross and Hannah Templin, of Washing- ton City, and a sister of Robert J. Ross, of Harris- burg; she died Jan. 23, 1877, at Newburg, N. Y.; buried at Harrisburg. They had two children, Mary, died in 1867, at Harrisburg, married Rev. B. B. Lea- cock, D.D., of the Episcopal Church; Dr. Robert Ross, died April 4, 1875, at Harrisburg, at the age of thirty-seven, who rose to eminence in his profession, married Foote, daughter of Judge Foote, of the State of New York, and they left two children. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 531 COL. JOHN ROBERTS. John Roberts was born in Roberts' Valley, Dau- phin" Co., in the year 1789. He received a good Eng- lish education, and studied law under Thomas Elder, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar at Feb- ruary term, 1812, and commenced the practice of his profession at Harrisburg. He was elected a member of the iPennsylvania House of Representatives, serv- ing during the sessions of 1827 to 1829, and was pro- thonotary and clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions from Jan. 29, 1830, to Dec. 30, 1835. Mr. Roberts possessed an inexhaustible fund of legal and other information, but never excelled at the bar; his repu- tation was that of an elementary lawyer and a safe professional counselor. He was one of the best mathematicians in the country, and a skilled engi- neer. For many years he was the surveyor for the borough. He was a good musician, and his knowl- edge of pomology and botany was extensive. His life was a long and useful one. He died at Harris- burg in the month of February, 1873, aged eighty- three years. REV. JOSEPH ROSS. Joseph Ross, son of Dr. Joseph and Sophia Ross, was born July 14, 1798, at Elizabethtown, Lancaster Co., Pa., where his boyhood was passed. At a proper age he went to Harrisburg to learn the mercantile business. Afterwards he engaged in said occupation in that place, and then moved to Middletown, where he continued keeping store till near the close of his life. In the year 1824 he became acquainted with Rev. John Winebrenner, who visited Middletown to preach the gospel, and under him became converted. At the first opportunity he identified himself with the Church of God, being one of the original members of that denomination at Middletown, where he con- tinued to be one of its most active workers until his death. His name appears as a ruling elder in the journal of the Fourth Annual Eldership, held at Mid- dletown, Dec. 25, 1833. He was licensed to preach at the Seventh Annual Eldership which convened at Churchtown, Cumberland Co., Nov. 5, 1836. At the time of his death, on the 26th of January, 1863, at Middletown, he was a member of the Board of Pub- lication, and treasurer of the General Eldership, as well as treasurer of the East Pennsylvania Eldership. He traveled and labored in the ministry, at protracted and other meetings, "without money and without price," and was an eminently successful revival preacher. His liberality and benevolence were well known at home, and in all the churches. His warmth of heart and affection made him beloved by all his acquaintances. He was a strict disciplinarian, and a great lover of order. Besides, he carried his religion into his business, being scrupulously truthful and honest in all his dealings, loving justice and hating sin in every form. He was devotedly attached to the doctrines of the Church of God, fearlessly defended them, and worked actively to establish them. ROBERT J. ROSS. Robert James Ross, son of Andrew Ross, a native of Londonderry, Ireland, who ckme to America about 1800, and his wife, Hannah Templin, of Chester County, Pa., was born at Georgetown, D. C, in 1807. He received a good English and classical education, and was appointed by President John Quincy Adams midshipman in the United States navy, August, 1826, and subsequently promoted for meritorious conduct and services. Shortly after his marriage he resigned, and was appointed teller in the Branch Bank of Penn- sylvania, at Harrisburg, then under the cashiership of James Lesley. In 1839 he was tendered the posi- tion of cashier in the Harrisburg Savings Institution, which he accepted, and when this corporation became the Dauphin Deposit Bank he remained its cashier until his death. Mr. Ross died at Harrisburg the 6th of October, 1861. He was enterprising and success- ful in business, and stood high in financial circles. He married, in 1833, Mary E., daughter of Jacob M. Haldeman and Eliza Ewing Jacobs, who died at Har- risburg in 1873, aged fifty-nine years. They had chil- dren, — J&cob H. (d. s. p.), Andrew, Jacob Haldeman, Eliza, Hannah (married Col. Reno, United States army), Roberta (married J. Wilson Orth), and Robert. Of these, Andrew, residing in York County, Pa., is the sole survivor. REV. JACOB ROOP. Jacob Roop, son of Jacob Roop, Sr., was born March 1, 1782, in Swatara township, Dauphin Co., Pa. His father settled in the township during the war of the Revolution. The son received the meagre education given by the Mennonites to their children, which ex- tended only to the elementary branches. His early life and the greater portion of his manhood were passed on the farm and in the blacksmith-shop, which latter he carried on forty years. In his thirty-thiird year he entered the ministry of the United Brethren in Christ, and the first twenty-three years of his ministerial life were spent at various points in Ohio, Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. During these years he was the active and zealous co-laborer with Otterbein, Behm, Getting, Newcomer, Neidig, Erb, and other fathers of that denomination. In his fifty-sixth year he commenced for the first time to travel a circuit, and traveled as an active itinerant seventeen years, when meeting with a severe injury, the remainder of his life he was an invalid. He died in Lower Swatara township on the 2d of December, 1875, aged ninety-three years. Mr. Roop was thrice married (his first wife being Fanny Witmer), all of whom he survived. 532 HISTORY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. LEVI KTJTHEEFOBD, M.D. Levi Rutherford, the eldest son of John Rutherford and Jane Meader, was born in Paxtang in the year 1826. After the death of his father, in 1832, he was taken by his uncle, William Rutherford, in whose family he remained until he attained his majority. He received a liberal education, and read medicine under Dr. W. W. Rutherford, of Harrisburg, gradu- ating at the University of Pennsylvania in March, 1849. He at once began the practice of medicine at New Cumberland, which promised bright, but his health failing, he was compelled to relinquish the du- ties of his profession. He returned home, and under- took the superintendence of the farm, hoping thereby to re-establish his health. This proved futile, for he gradually failed, and he died at Harrisburg on the 8th of February, 1851. Intelligent, amiable, and up- right, Dr. Levi Rutherford's young life left a rose- tinted memory in many households. cot. WILLIAM RDTHERFOKD. William Rutherford, the youngest son of Oapt. John Rutherford, of the Revolution, and Margaret Park, was born in Paxtang, Aug. 4, 1776. He re- ceived a fair education, and was brought up as a farmer. Born amid the thunders of the Revolution, he inherited the military spirit of his father, and be- came quite prominent as an officer, serving in all the grades from a lieutenant up to that of a commission of colonel, which office he declined. In 1816 he was elected a director of the poor, and served as a mem- ber of the House of Representatives from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1829 to 1831. Col. Rutherford was one of the most influential men of his day in the county of Dauphin, and a representative man thereof. He died at his residence, near Harrisburg, on the 17th of January, 1850, in his seventy-fourth year. Col. Rutherford married, March 17, 1801, Sarah Swan, daughter of William Swan, who died June 18, 1852, aged seventy-three years. They are both buried in old Paxtang Church graveyard. SIMON SALLADB. Simon Sallade was born near Gratz, Dauphin Co., Pa., on the 7th of March, 1785. His father, John Sallade, of French Huguenot descent, was a native of Bosel on the Rhine, born in March, 1739, emi- grated, with other members of his family, to America at an early period, and was among the first settlers on the Wiconiseo. He died at the age of eighty-eight years, in November, 1827, being blind about ten years before his death. He married, on the 8th of Febru- ary, 1771, Margaret Everhart, daughter of George Everhart, born in Berks County in 1747, and concern- ing whom we have the following incident : Upon the Indian incursions on the east side of the Susque- hanna, subsequent to the defeat of Braddock, in the fall of 1755, she was taken captive by the savage ma- rauders, near what is now Pine Grove, Schuylkill Co. She was an unwilling witness to the scenes of murder and atrocity, when the merciless Indians tomahawked and scalped her parents, brothers, and sisters, and be- held the home of her birth illuminating by its red glare the midnight sky, while only she of all her friends was left, — and she a prisoner with the cruel and bloodthirsty savage. Doubtless, there was some attractiveness of person or piteousness of appeal which saved her life. Of the wearisome years of her captivity among the Indians west of the Ohio we have little knowledge. It was not, however, until the power of the French on the " Beautiful River" was broken by the courage and skill of Gen. Forbes that the little prisoner was rescued and returned to her friends in Berks County. She lived to a ripe old age. John Sallade had five sons and two daughters, Simon being next to the youngest. Simon Sallade, owing to the want of schools in those early days in the valley, was obliged to depend upon the educational instruc- tion given by his parents, but being an apt scholar, it was not long before he mastered the main branches in a good education. He was a great reader, and, al- though books were few in those days, he read and re- read those falling into his hands. Later in life, to- wards manhood's years, he acquired considerable knowledge by the aid of a teacher, whom he and some young men of his neighborhood employed for that purpose. He was quite a performer on the violin, and being of a social nature, he was often the centre and life of the many winter-evening gatherings of that time. Mr. Sallade was a millwright by trade, acquiring much of his proficiency in that vocation from an ap- prenticeship to Jacob Berkstresser, of Bellefonte. Many of the old mills within thirty or forty miles of his home were of his designing, and in fact the workman- ship of his hands. A self-made man, energetic, social, and industrious, he became in time one of the most popular men of the Upper End. His constant contact with the people of all classes in social life or business relations resulted in his taking a warm interest in political affairs. Although a poli- tician, he was such for the advancement of the public good. He was a Democrat of the old school, and when named for office, he appealed to the people in- stead of party for support. He was four times elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. First, in the years 1819 and 1820, at the age of thirty-four years ; next, in 1836-37, at the age of fifty-one years ; and again, in 1853, when he was in his sixty-ninth year. Each time the Whigs were largely in the majority in Dauphin County, yet always when put in nomination by the Democratic party, Mr. Sallade, save in one in- stance, was elected. This defeat was due in part to a letter written at the time to Charles 0. Rawn, Esq., chairman of the temperance committee, in which he announced his opposition to the passage of the Maine liquor law. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 533 During his term in the Legislature he was the au- thor of what was generally known as "Wiconisco Feeder Bill." To his iseal and tact that important legislation for the " Upper End" of Dauphin County owes its passage. Through this outlet the Lykens Valley coal-fields were first developed. He was the superintendent for the construction of the Wiconisco Canal, and held the appointment through the canal commissioners. Simon Sallade died at the old homestead, near Elizabethville, on the 8th of November, 1854, and is interred in the village graveyard at that place. His wife was Jane Woodside, daughter of John Wood- side, of Lykens Valley. She died Sept. 3, 1854, and is buried in the same graveyard. JAMES SAVAGE. James Savage was born in North Wales, Feb. 25, 1823, and died in Cimmaron, New Mexico, Nov. 10, 1881, where he was superintending a mine for his brother. Col. E. G. Savage. He emigrated to Amer- ica with his parents, who settled in Minersville, where he learned the trade of a machinist. In 1849 he came to Wiconisco to put up the engine for the Lykens Valley breaker, which he ran a year, and then went to California. There he stayed two years, and returned in 1852, and accepted a position under the Short Mountain Coal Company. He hoisted the first car of coal ever taken out of the Wiconisco mines. In 1855 or 1856 he became superintendent of the Lykens Coal Company, under George E. Hoff- man. In 1861 he went to California again, where he remained until 1865, when he returned HICAL HISTORY. 55y <^^y> ^''-lo^ct^^S^ «-^^2^ G*^ He has not entered the arena of politics, that mael- strom which has shipwrecked so many able men, but it has been his fortune, for his good professional repu- tation and success, and for his private gain, that he has lived in a district in which for fifty years he has tcted politically with the minority. He was one year a member of the Legislature; was a member of the Chicago Convention in 1864, which nominated Gen. McClellan for President, and the series of resolutions drawn up and offered in the convention by him abounded in patriotic sentiments, evincing a rare and marked ability. He was a member of the Constitu- tional Convention for the revision of the constitution of the State, in 1872-73, that held its sessions first in Harrisburg and subsequently in Philadelphia, and acted on the committees on Cities and City Charters, and on Eeligious and Charitable Corporations and Societies. He has also been a director of cemetery, school, hospital, and bank in Harrisburg. Mr. Alricks married, Dec. 28, 1837, Caroline, daughter of Rev. Levi Bull, D.D., of Chester County, Pa., a son of Col. Thomas Bull, of Revolutionary fame. She was born Aug. 3, 1811. Their only daughter, Annie, is the wife of Benjamin L. Forster, a lawyer of Harrisburg, and their only son, Levi, a student at Yale in the class of 1866, read law with his father, and has been a member of the Dauphin County bar since his admissioji, in 1865. * CHARLES L. BAILEY. Charles Lukens Bailey, son of Joseph Bailey and Martha Lukens, was born March 9, 1821, in Chester County, Pa. His paternal ancestors were of English, and his maternal ancestors of Welsh, descent. His great-grandfather, Edward Bailey, was a resident of Bucks County, and his grandfather, William Bailey, a resident farmer in Philadelphia County, Pa. His father, born in 1796, settled in Chester County in 1819, where he carried on farming until 1838, when he engaged in the iron business at the old Lukens Mill in Coatesville, and, there manufactured boiler- plate for six years. In 1844 he removed to Berks County, near Pottstown, and erected on the site of the " Old Forge'' of the Pine Iron-Works, a rolling- mill, and carried on business alone for a few years, and afterwards in connection with his sons (Joseph Bailey & Sons) until within a short period, when he retired from active life, leaving his manufacturing 560 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. interest then in the hands of his son, Joseph L. Bailey. The other children of Joseph and Martha Bailey were Charles L., Sarah, Edward (manager of the iron-works at Glasgow, Montgomery Co.), Dr. George (of Philadelphia), William L. (treasurer and manager of the Thorndale Iron Company), Hannah, and Anne (deceased). Charles L. Bailey, eldest son, obtained his early edu- cation at the Westtown School, Chester County, and for some time thereafter was a clerk in the drug-store of Thomas Evans & Co., Philadelphia. His career in the iron business began in 1838 as a clerk for his father at Coatesville, where he became thoroughly conversant with the details of the business carried on at that place. He removed with his parents to Berks County, where he continued his clerkship for five years, and from 1849 to 1852 was a partner with his father in the Pine Iron-Works. In August of the latter year, Mr. Bailey removed to Harrisburg and founded the old Central Iron- Works, which he has latterly used as a puddling- mill. Here he continued business until 1869, when he became interested with the late James McOormick in the nail-works at Fairview, Cumberland Co., rebuilt the works, and carried them on successfully until 1866, when he retired from the firm, and in connec- tion with his brother. Dr. George Bailey (Charles L. Bailey & Bro.), founded and erected the present Chesapeake Nail-Works in Harrisburg, now carried on under the firm-name of Charles L. Bailey & Co., Artemus Wilhelm being a part owner in the concern. In 1869, Mr. Bailey removed to Pottstown, and until 1875 was the treasurer and general manager of the Pottstown Iron Company, manufacturing nails, boiler-plate, and pig-iron. Closing out his interests there he returned to Harrisburg, and in 1877-78 erected the present Central Iron-Works, contiguous to the Chesapeake Nail- Works, of which he is presi- dent. Mr. Bailey is thoroughly imbued with the spirit of progress and enterprise, as his various industrial undertakings attest, and although his mind is largely absorbed in business pursuits, he has not held entirely aloof from duties incumbent upon him as a citizen. He is one of the directors of the Harrisburg National Bank, president of the board of trustees of the Mar- ket Square Presbyterian Church, and in 1880 he was appointed by Governor Hoyt a trustee of the Penn- sylvania Insane Asylum. He was elected a member of the Select Council of the city in 1877, was a mem- ber of the State Legislature in 1879, and in 1881 he was again elected a member of the Select Council, chosen president, and served as chairman of the Finance Committee. Mr. Bailey married, in 1856, Emma H. Doll, daughter of William Doll and Sarah M. Elder, of Harrisburg, whose maternal great-grandfather was Eev. John Elder. Their sur- viving children are William Elder, a graduate of Yale, in the class of 1882 ; Edward, Jr., a graduate of Yale Scientific Course in the class of 1881; Charles L., a student at Yale; James B., and Emma D. * JOLIUS AUGUSTUS BECK. Julius Augustus Beck, son of John Beck (born at Graceham, Md. ; died Feb. 11, 1873), and his wife Jo- anna Augusta (born atHope, N.J. , died in February, 1877), was born April 2, 1831, in Litiz, Lancaster Co., Pa., and was educated at the Litiz Academy, of which his father, John Beck, was principal. In early life he devoted himself to the art of sculpture, and in 1855 visited Italy for the purpose of perfecting him- self in that branch of the fine arts. In 1861 he turned his attention to portrait and landscape paint- ing, an occupation in which he still continues. He married Miss Susan Maria Kepple, daughter of Henry and Catharine Kepple, of Lancaster, Pa., and their children are Abraham Raphael, Catharine Augusta, Henry Kepple, John, Martin Augustus, Marion, Edith Isabella, and Mary Alice. PETER BBRNHEISBL, Sr. Peter Bernheisel, son of John Bernheisel and Cath- arine Loy, was born Aug. 18, 1806, in Cumberland (now Perry) County, Pa. His father was a native of Berks County, Pa., where he was born May 12, 1765, settled in Perry County about the year 1800, and ' where he died on the 21st of September, 1825. His mother was also a native of Berks County, born May 1, 1768, and died in Perry County on the 31st of August, 1833. Peter's early education was limited to the schools of the county until 1822, when he went to Carlisle, where he learned the trade of a carpenter and builder. About the year 1832 he came to Har- risburg, where he became a contract builder until the year 1859. He was the builder of the county jail and the Presbyterian Church on Second Street. He served as a member of the old Borough Council during the shinplaster era, and filled other municipal offices. In 1859 he relinquished house-building and went into the lime business. Mr. Bernheisel married, first, oh the 28th of August, 1826, Margaret Uhler, daughter of John and Catharine Uhler (1809-1848), and their children were John Frederick (d. s. p.), Jeremiah (d. s. p.), Peter, Augustus (d. s. p.), George (d. s. p.), William Henry, and Jacob Houser (d. s. p.) ; mar- ried, secondly, Elizabeth Shott, daughter of John and Barbara Shott, and they had Barbara Catharine (d. s. p.), Valentine Hummel, and Rebecca Shott (married William Painter) ; married, thirdly, Frances Benedick, daughter of Bernard and Elizabeth Sig- MAJOR L. S. BENT. Luther Stedman Bent, son of Ebenezer Bent and Nancy Stedman, was born Dec. 6, 1829, at Quincy, Norfolk Co., Mass. His ancestors were early settlers at Milton, in that State. Luther S. attended the public schools until the age of twelve years, after- "^ng ^-bv A H P- 1 tc }V- f ^-'^'q^- Ou AB^J-'-- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 561 wards working on the farm until his fifteenth year, when he went to Boston, where he served five years with the New England Glass Company, situate in East Cambridge, then one of the largest establish- ments in the country. From that period until the commencement of the Rebellion he was engaged in the glassware and crockery business at Boston. In May, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company H, Fourth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, and par- ticipated in the battle of Big Bethel. Being mus- tered out at the end of his term of service at Boston, he re-enlisted as a private in Company K, of the Eighteenth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, for three years, and served in all the grades of non-com- missioned and commissioned officer to that of cap- tain. He served through the various campaigns in which his regiment was engaged in the Army of the Potomac, and was wounded in the right hand at the second battle of Bull Run. He remained with his command until their muster out, when he was de- tailed to take charge of a battalion of veterans and recruits. For meritorious services at Peebles' Farm he was promoted brevet major, was afterwards, on the recommendation of Gen. Griffin, commissioned by President Lincoln as major in the United States army, at the same time by the State of Massachusetts a lieutenant-colonel, on which commissions he was never mustered. His battalion having become deci- mated in numbers, it was consolidated with the Thirty-second Massachusetts, when at his request he was mustered out as a supernumerary officer. He returned home, and shortly after made engagements with the officers of the Union Pacific Railroad, and remained in their employ from the commencement to the completion of that great enterprise, filling vari- ous positions. During the last two years he was one of the largest contractors for grading that road, com- prising two hundred miles through Salt Lake Valley and the Promontory. He subsequently became en- gaged in cattle-raising on the plains, and was one of the pioneers in that business, being among the first to establish cattle ranches along the line of the rail- road in Nebraska. Here- he remained three years. Returning to the East he married a daughter of S. M. Felton, Esq., of Philadelphia, which relations brought him into connection with the Pennsylvania Steel Company. In 1874 he took the superintend- ency of that immense establishment, and as the prog- ress and history of that company is given elsewhere, we shall not further refer save that none have con- tributed more to its success than the energy, business management, and forethought of the subject of this sketch. ANDREW K. BLACK. Andrew Krause Black, son of Joseph Black (1794- 1848) and Elizabeth Krause (1803-72), was born Jan. 16, 1825, at Harrisburg, Pa. He was educated in the public schools of the borough, and learned the trade of bricklayer and builder, in which occupation he is still engaged. He served as a member of the Select and Common Council of the city of Harrisburg, and for several .years was one of the inspectors of the Dauphin County prison. He represented the county in the Legislature in 1871 and 1872, and under the Constitution of 1874 represented the city of Harris- burg in that body in 1877 and 18,78. Mr. Black mar- ried, in 1849, Rebecca Irwin Clark, daughter of William and Maria Clafk, of Clark's Ferry, and their children were Emma, Harriet, George Murray, Alfred T., Irene Elizabeth (married J. C. Harlicker), Maria Clark, and Amy Chaplin. COL. FREDERICK K. BOAS. Frederick Krause Boas, son of Frederick Boas (1785-1817) and Elizabeth Krause (1797-1847), was born April 5, 1815, at Harrisburg, Pa. He attended the schools of the borough until his sixteenth year. From August, 1832, to April, 1838, he was a clerk in the Harrisburg post-office, then assistant postmaster, as superintendent (not regularly) until July, 1843. He studied law with the late Judge Krause, and was ' admitted to the Dauphin County bar Aug. 22, 1837, in which profession he has been since engaged. He was appointed by Governor Porter aid on his stafi) with the rank of colonel, which he held from 1839 to 1845 ; was school director from 1839 to 1848, being treasurer of the board from 1840 to 1842, and also served in the Borough Council six years, from 1846 to 1849. Col. Boas married in 1871, Sarah C. Nolen, daughter of William and Maria Nolen, of Harris- burg. WILLIAM D. BOAS. William Dick Boas, son of Jacob Boas and Sarah Dick, was born Sept. 6, 1803, at Harrisburg, Pa. He learned the art of printing with George Getz, of Reading, on the Berks and Schuylkill Herald, and afterwards worked at his profession in Philadelphia, Allentown, and Harrisburg. In 1837 he purchased an interest in the Reporter office at Harrisburg, in partnership, first, with Samuel D.Patterson, and then with William F. Copeland, retiring in 1842. During this period he was printer of the journals and bills of the House and Senate. He was cashier and clerk in the State treasurer's department during the adminis- trations of Bickel, Bailey, Magraw, and McGrath, about nine years in all ; was a clerk in the surveyor- general's office, and four years prothonotary of the county of Dauphin. From 1866 to 1868 he was one of the publishers of the Patriot. Mr. Boas married, in 1828, Martha Ingram, born Nov. 30, 1808, died Aug. 23, 1850, and their children are Margaret Ingram and Emma Elizabeth. JACOB C. B0MBBR6BR. Jacob Caufman Bomberger, son of John Bomberger (1773-1847) and Elizabeth Caufman (1784-1857), was 562 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. born Dec. 11, 1817, at Middletown, Dauphin Co., Pa. His edupation was received in the schools of the town, which at that period were quite limited. His early life was passed in merchandising, and subse- quently in the business of banking. During the ses- sions of the State Senate for 1851 and 1852 he served as assistant clerk of that body ; the year following, upon the establishment of the Mechanics' Bank, was made cashier of that institution. In the historical reference to that bank we have alluded to its subsequent trans- fer to Mr. Bomberger as its sole owner, and through whose energy, financial tact, and ability it has be- come one of the most successful banking-houses in Pennsylvania. For many years Mr. Bomberger held the position of one of the trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital at Harrisburg, under the appointment of the Governor. GBOESE M. BRUBAKER. George M. Brubaker, son of Jacob Brubaker and Sarah Mark, was born July 19, 1824, in Millersburg, Dauphin Co., Pa. His grandfather, David Brubaker, of German ancestry, resided near Millersburg, on a farm. He married a Miss Dover, and of their chil- dren, Jacob, born in 1795, learned the trade of a tanner, located some years in Chambersburg, Pa., then in 1822 removed to Millersburg, where he died in 1838. Jacob Brubaker married in 1823 Sarah Mark, of East Hanover township, Lebanon Co., who survives. Of their children who jeached mature age were George M. and Margaret E., married Eberly. George M. Brubaker received a common- school education, and spent several years in clerking. He subsequently, in connection with his stepfather, Simon West, engaged in the tanning business, which was continued until 1847. He then began merchan- dising, and in 1864 made the hardware business a specialty. Mr. Brubaker married first, Feb. 12, 1850, Elizabeth Beaver, died July, 1856, daughter of George Beaver, of Perry County, and they had Clara, George, Mary, and Charles ; married secondly, in July, 1857, Mary Jane Lime, daughter of Jacob Lime, of Schuyl- kill County, and they had Albert, William, Sarah, John, Wood, Mark, and Ray. Mr. Brubaker was the first president of the Lykens Valley Bank, now the First National Bank of Millersburg, and was also one of the founders of the Miners' Deposit Bank of Lykens. He is a gentleman of enterprise and public spirit, and prominently identified with the leading industries of the Upper End. * JAMES DONALD CAMERON. James Donald Cameron, son of Gen. Simon Came- ron and Margaret Brua, was born in 1833, at Middle- town, Pa. He received a classical education, and studied at Princeton College. Upon leaving college he entered the Middletown Bank as clerk, of which he subsequently became cashier. From 1866 to 1874 he was president of the Northern Central Railroad, in which latter year the road was leased to the Penn- sylvania Railroad Company. Gen. Grant appointed him Secretary of War, May 22, 1876, which he held until the close of that administration. In 1876 ha was a delegate to the National Republican Conven- tion at Cincinnati, and upon the resignation of his father, Gen. Cameron, as United States senator, was elected by the Legislature to fill the vacancy, and subsequently re-elected for the full term ending March 3, 1885. Mr. Cameron was twice married, — first to Mary McCormick, daughter of James and Eliza (Buehler) McCormick, of Harrisburg, who was the mother of all his children; and secondly to Ellen Sherman, daughter of Judge Sherman, of Cleveland, Ohio. GEN. SIMON CAMERON. Simon Cameron, son of Charles Cameron and Mar- tha Pfoutz, was born March 8, 1799, at Maytown, Lancaster Co., Pa. On the paternal side he is de- scended from the clan Cameron, of Scotland, who shared their fortunes with the unfortunate Charles Edward, whose star of hope sunk on the field of Cul- loden. Donald Cameron, his great-grandfather, was a participant in that memorable battle, and having escaped the carnage made his way to America, arriv- ing about 1745-46. He afterwards fought under the gallant Wolfe upon the Heights of Abraham, and during the war with France was in continuous service. His grandfather, Simon Cameron, was an early asso- ciator in the Revolution, and took the oath of allegi- BIOGKAPHICAL HISTORY. 563 ance June 1, 1778; a brother, John, signed the same day. Of the latter Gen. Bingham, of Philadelphia, is a grandson. On the maternal side he is descended from Conrad Pfoutz, an emigrant from the Palatinate, Germany. He settled in Lancaster County, and Pfoutz's Valley, in now Perry County, perpetuates the name of a hero of the border warfare of Pennsylva- nia in the days when the treacherous Delawarea and perfidious Shawanese sought to desolate the homes of the early pioneers of our State, — John Pfoutz. Charles Cameron and Martha Pfoutz had a large family, yet a remarkable one, and the history of our country gives but few instances of the successful career of an entire family, among whom the subject of this sketch is the most prominent. When young Cameron was about the age of nine years his parents removed to Northumberland County, where his father shortly afterwards dying, he was early cast upon his own exertions. There were then few advantages afforded by public schools, and his educational facilities were exceedingly limited. Hav- ing an unquenchable fondness for books, young Cam- eron was able to perceive no other means so likely to satiate his appetite as a printing-office, it seeming to him the chief centre of thought in the community in which destiny had fixed his lot. He therefore entered, in 1816, as an apprentice to the printing business with Andrew Kennedy, editor of the Northumberland County Gazette, at Northumberland, where he contin- ued one year, when his employer, owing to financial reverses, was obliged to close his establishment. Being thus thrown out of employment, he made his way by river-boat and on foot to Harrisburg, where he se- cured a situation in the printing-office of James Pea- cock, editor of the Republican, with whom he re- mained until he had attained his majority. In January, 1821, he went to Doylestown, Pa., at the solicitation of Samuel D. Ingham, where he pub- lished the Buchs County Messenger. As editor of this paper he evinced a breadth of information which, in view of his limited advantages, seemed astonishing. In March of the same year he entered into partner- ship with the publisher of the Doylestown Democrat, and the firm merged their papers into the Bucks County Democrat, which publication was continued until the close of the year 1821, when the establishment passed into the hands by purchase of Gen. W. T. Eodgers. The succeeding winter Mr. Cameron spent in the office of Messrs. Gales & Seaton, publishers of the National Intelligencer, at Washington, as a journey- man printer. He returned to Harrisburg in 1822, and entered into partnership with Charles Mowry in the management of the Pennsylvania Intelligencer, then the organ of the Democratic party at the State capital, and enjoyed the official patronage of the State administration, and was elected one of the printers to the State, a position he held seven years. Having been the early friend and supporter of Governor Shulze, upon his ceasing to be State printer, he was honored by that executive with the appointment of adjutant-general of Pennsylvania, the duties of which office he discharged with ability and to the satisfaction of the public. Gen. Cameron at an early period took a deep in- terest in the development of internal improvements, and took extensive contracts upon the Pennsylvania Canal, then in process of construction. In 1826 he began building the section between Harrisburg and Sunbury, and after this was well under way he took one or two sections on the western division of the canal. When Louisiana granted a charter to the State Bank of that commonwealth, it provided that the bank should build a canal from Lake Pontchartrain to New Orleans. Gen. Cameron took the contract for that great work, which was then regarded by engineers as the greatest undertaking of the time. In 1831 he started for New Orleans. He employed twelve hun- dred men in Philadelphia, and sent them by sea to that city. He, with his engineers and tools, went down the Mississippi River, embarking at Pittsburgh. He spent nearly half a year upon the work, and dem- onstrated beyond a doubt its entire feasibility. He was recalled from his work on the Lake Pontchartrain Canal by a summons from Maj. Eaton, Secretary of War under Gen. Jackson, who requested him to re- turn to Pennsylvania and organize a delegation to the National Convention, which had been called to meet in Baltimore. This was in the interest of Martin Van Buren for the Vice-Presidency. Calhoun had served eight years, had quarreled with Gen. Jackson during his second term, and had otherwise put him- self in antagonism to the prevailing popularity of Jackson. Gen. Cameron respected the summons, came home and organized a delegation that went to Baltimore in the interest of Mr. Van Buren for the Vice-Presidency. This was the first National Con- vention ever held in the United States. Mr. Cameron was requested to accept the permanent chairmanship of that convention, but declined, and a gentleman from North Carolina was selected. After the National Convention in Baltimore he was appointed a visitor to West Point by Gen. Jackson, and upon performing his duties on the Hudson he made his first trip to New England. He went with a brother of Bishop Potter, of Pennsylvania, and thoroughly inspected the paper-mills and other man- ufactures of that section. In the winter of 1882 the Legislature chartered the bank at Middletown, and he became its cashier. From the first the bank was successful, but the duties of cashier were so limited that Gen. Cameron sought other fields of labor and usefulness, although he re- mained there twenty-five years. He projected and created the railroads from Middletown to Lancaster, from Harrisburg to Sunbury, from Harrisburg to Leb- anon, and at the same time gave large encouragement to the Cumberland Valley JBailroad. And in this connection it may be stated that the Northern Cen- 564 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. tral Railroad from Harrisburg to Baltimore was cap- tured by him from Baltimore interests and made a Pennsylvania institution ; and he was at one time president of not less than four corporations, all oper- ating lines within a few miles of the spot where he was born. In 1838, President Van Buren tendered to Gen. Cameron the appointment of a commissioner with James Murray, one of the most respected citizens of Maryland, under a treaty with the Winnebago In- dians to settle and adjust the claims made against the Indians by the traders. These claims were for goods furnished the Indians during a long period of years, and the sum appropriated by the treaty was three hundred thousand dollars. In many cases the com- missioners found the claims of the traders unjust, and every account allowed by them met with the appro- bation of the commissioner appointed by the Indians. In the settlement of some of the claims, the aggregate amount having been reduced from over a million to about two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, the traders refused to accept the award, and went to Washington with charges against the commissioners. It had been the usual custom to give the entire ap- propriation to the claimants, but this course did not allow of any division. The charges were met by a demand from the commissioners for a re-examination, which resulted in the appointment of a new commis- sion the next year, under whose direction the Indians were assembled in council, who approved by a united vote of their council the entire acts of Messrs. Cam- eron and Murray, and the account thus adjudged was paid by the government. In 1845, when James K. Polk tendered the State Department to James Buchanan, and that gentleman resigned his seat in the Senate of the United States, an election to supply the vacancy became necessary. Gen. Cameron was at this time in recognized sym- pathy with the Democratic party, and selected as the representative of the wing of the party which favored the policy of a protective tariff. The regular caucus nominee of the Democracy, however, was George W. Woodward, which was regarded as a free trade tri- umph, rendering it possible for some other Democrat known to be honestly devoted to the ever-cherished policy, of the State to be elected by a union of the Whigs, Americans, and those Democrats in favor of the protective policy. The result was the election of Simon Cameron to the United States Senate. From March, 1846, to March 4, 1849, he served his State faithfully in that body, and proved himself true to the great interests committed to his charge, and he never wearied in the support of the principles on which he was elected. It may be here stated that President Polk at the first seemed inclined to ignore Mr. Cameron, declaring his election to the Senate as having been outside the party organization ; but this treatment he found to his cost was not conducive to his own peace of mind, sent for Gen. Cameron, made a truce with him, and there was never any more trouble. In the winter of 1857 the entire opposition mem- bers of the Legislature, consisting of Whigs, Native Americans, and Tariff" Men, selected Gen. Cameron as their candidate to fill the place of Senator Brod- head, whose term of service expired on the 4th of March that year. The Democratic caucus nominated Col. John W. Forney, then the intimate friend of President Buchanan, who had written a letter to the Legislature naming him as his choice for the senator- ship, although a large portion of the party were in favor of Henry D. Foster, who was an outspoken tariff" man. The united votes of the opposition, with three Democratic votes, two from Schuylkill and one from York, in which counties Gen. Cameron possessed great strength and popularity on account of his firm devotion to their industrial interests, were cast in his favor, and he was elected for the full term. He took his seat in the Senate on the 4th of March, notwith- standing the futile assault made by his colleague from Pennsylvania, Mr. Bigler, upon his title to the place, and which that body refused to consider. Gen. Cam- eron's return to the United States Senate brought him again prominently before the public, and in the political movements which preceded the campaign of 1860 he was named as the choice of Pennsylvania for the Presidency, and his name early associated with that of Mr. Lincoln in connection with the Re- publican national ticket. Gen. Cameron's national career began at the Chi- cago Convention in 1860, when the Republican party, crystallized into a national organization, made its open, clear, and stern antagonism to slavery. With intuitive sagacity the advocates of slavery recognized in the Re- publican party the force which would ultimately over- throw it, and men like Gen. Cameron were recognized as the leaders of that force. There was no mistaking the measure on which it entered on the canvass in 1860. When Mr. Lincoln was nominated. Gen. Cam- eron made himself felt in such a manner as to win the confidence of that illustrious statesman. After the great political battle of that year, Gen. Cameron was the first of those to whom Mr. Lincoln turned for counsel, and the off"er of a cabinet office by the latter to the former was a voluntary act, and that appointment would have been made the first in the selection of his cabi- net had not intrigues interfered to defer it at the time. Mr. Lincoln looked on Gen. Cameron from first to last not only as his political, but his warm per- sonal friend, and there were no such relations existing between the President and his other constitutional advisers. This fact was well known when the cabinet was organized. While he was in the War Depart- ment his counsel was not only potential in cabinet meetings, but was sought by the President in pri- vate, and heeded in such a marked manner as to create a feeling of hostility, which caused the Presi- dent much unpleasantness. Then, too, believing that ^^'b'1-LJy^^^^ /./^'-/-^^i BIOGKAPHICAL HISTORY. 565 the civil war would require all the available resources of the nation to preserve the Union, doubting the speedy settlement of the trouble, he began as Secre- tary of War a scale of preparations to combat it which puzzled the oldest officers in the army and chagrined the leaders of the Rebellion, who had cal- culated much on the supineness and lethargy of the Northern people. Gen. Cameron frustrated this hope by his energy, but he had the Cabinet to a man against him. When he sought to furnish the necessary sup- plies for the army, he was met by sickly sentimental- ity about settling the war in diplomacy. The Con- federates resorted to the ruse of diplomacy by means of commissioners, for the purpose of retarding this activity, but at the same time Gen. Cameron was fill- ing up the arsenals which had been despoiled by the former Secretary of War, thus supplying the army with huge quantities of ordnance, and commissary and quartermasters' stores, etc. Such work naturally at- tracted the attention of the sordid, excited the timid, aroused the jealous, and confounded the suspicious. The minister who thus labored to equip his country for a struggle with treason, the proportions of which he alone seemed fully to appreciate, was assailed for each and all of these acts. Mr. Lincoln had the ful- lest confidence in his Secretary of War ; he believed in his sagacity and relied on his courage, but he could not wholly withstand the clamor, the outgrowth of cowardice on the one side and the cunning greed of adventurers on the other, so that Gen. Cameron, to relieve Mr. Lincoln from embarrassment, resolved to resign, and on the 11th of January, 1862, returned the portfolio of the War Department to the Presi- dent; but in that act he commanded the renewed con- fidence of Mr. Lincoln, who the day he accepted his resignation nominated the retiring minister for the most important diplomatic mission in his gift. Nor was this all : Mr. Lincoln insisted that Gen. Cam- eron should name his own successor, an act which no retiring cabinet officer ever did before or since. The mission to Russia .involved the safe and sagacious handling of our relations with the Czar's government at a moment when it demanded the most prudent direction. The kindly relations which existed be- tween the colossal power of the North and the great republic of the West dated back in their amity when Catharine declined to take part with England in the suppression of American Colonial Revolution for in- dependence. Gen. Cameron restored this feeling, and thus frustrated English and French intrigue to or- ganize an alliance with Napoleon III. at its head in the interest of the Southern Confederacy. The coun- try has never fully appreciated this fact, because it was a part of its diplomacy which admitted of no correspondence. This object accomplished, con- cluded Gen. Cameron's mission to Russia. There was in fact nothing more to do in St. Petersburg but to maintain what had been established, and he could with safety ask for his credentials and retire. The relations between Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Came- ron were always most cordial, and immediately upon his reaching the United States the latter was the accepted citizen-counselor at the White House. At this time efforts were being made looking to defeat- ing the renomination of Mr. Lincoln for a second term. It was a period of great solicitude to the President, who with characteristic modesty declined to make any movement in his own behalf. In the winter of 1864 the intrigue referred to was talked of in political circles at Washington as a success. Gen. Cameron visited the national capital repeatedly at that time, and on reaching his farm after a return from one of these visits had a paper prepared, em- bodying the merits of Mr. Lincoln as President, ac- knowledging the fidelity and integrity of his first administration, and declaring that his renomination and re-election involved a necessity essential to the success of the war for the Union. That paper was submitted to the Republican members of both branches of the Legislature of the State of Pennsyl- vania, every one of whom signed it, and in this shape was presented to Mr. Lincoln, and telegraphed to the country at large. Its publication accomplished all that the forethought of its originator anticipated. In three weeks after the issuing of this letter, it was a curious spectacle to watch the precipitation with which the Republicans in all the States hastened to declare in favor of Mr. Lincoln's renomination ; so that when the National Convention assembled to do that act, there was no opposition to him. From 1864 to 1866, Gen. Cameron took a very active part in the politics of Pennsylvania, giving to the organization of the Republican party a prestige which enabled it to bear down all opposition. He was the one leader of that party who could rally it in de spondency and hold it in fidelity to its pledges. In 1866 he was re-elected to the United States Senate, a position he held a longer term of years than any man sent to the same body from the State of Pennsylvania. His influence on national legislation was as great as that of any man that ever served in the Senate. The singularity of this influence is re- vealed in greater force when it is remembered that he seldom participated in debate. He made no preten- sion to oratory, but his talk was sound, his argument lucid, and his statement of fact impregnable. What he lacked in fervid, flashing speech he made up in terse, solid common sense. From the time he entered the Senate until he resigned his seat in 1877— a con- tinuous service of eleven years— he was recognized as one of its most useful and reliable members, and at the date of his resignation was chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, a position only ac- corded to a senator of admitted statesmanship. He was foremost always in practical legislation. His opinions on questions of commerce, manufacturing, finance, internal improvements, fortifications, and the public domain were always accepted as guiding conn- 566 HISTORY Of DAUPHIN COUNTY. sel. He encouraged the building of the first Pacific Railroad, was a warm supporter of opening the public lands to actual settlers, and no man in Congress be- fore or after he left it did more, and few as much as he, for the fostering, promotion, and protection of American industry. He lost no opportunity to ad- vocate and further the organization of new States, and regarded the expansion of the boundaries of the Union as the only true course to preserve the equi- librium of power between the sections. He made history as few other statesmen in this country created it, by producing results in the practical walks of life, such as make men prosperous and happy, that stimu- late the growth of communities, whereby the country has been constantly rendered powerful abroad and a blessing to its people at home. History in its broadest scope will ever keep such individuals before the gen- erations of men which are to live in this country, for their models in public affairs. Gen. Cameron married Margaret Brua, daughter of Peter Brua, of Harrisburg, and their children were Eachel,married Judge Burnside, of Bellefonte; Brua; Margaret, married Richard J. Haldeman ; James Don- ald ; and Virginia, married Wayne MacVeagh. THOMAS M. CHESTER. Thomas Morris Chester, son of George Chester and Jane Maria Russell, was born March 11, 1884, at Harrisburg, Pa. In January, 1861, he entered the preparatory department of Avery College, Allegheny City, where he remained until January, 1853, when he sailed for Liberia, West Africa, in the ship " Ban- shee," arriving at Monrovia on the 3d of June, same year. At Monrovia he attended the Alexander High School for one year, then returned to America, and in December, 1854, entered the junior class of Thetford Academy, Vermont. He graduated from that insti- tution in 1856. In January, 1857, he entered upon the duties of superintendent of recaptured Africans from American slave-vessels at Cape Mount, Liberia, to instruct them in civilized customs. He published and edited The Star of Liberia, at Monrovia, and was the correspondent of the JVew York Herald at that point. In January, 1862, he returned to America on account of the civil strife, and assisted in recruiting the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Regi- ments, the first colored troops raised for the war. In 1867 he went to England, entered the Middle Tem- ple, one of the Inns of Court at London, for the study of law, and was called to the English bar in 1870. While in England he was appointed aide-de- camp to President Payne, of Liberia, with the rank of major, and was intrusted with important missions to the courts of Russia and Belgium. In July 1870 Avery College conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. On his return to the United States in 1871, he went to New Orleans, and received the appointment of storekeeper in the customs service. In March, 1873, he was admitted to the practice of law in the courts of Louisiana, by being admitted to the Supreme Court of the State. Governor Kellogg the same year appointed him brigadier-general of the first brigade of Louisiana militia. In 1875 was ap- pointed district superintendent of public education of the first division, comprising seven parishes, in- cluding the white and colored schools, and in 1876 superintendent of the fifth division, comprising thir- teen parishes. In 1878 was appointed United States commissioner for the district of Louisiana. On the 22d of June, 1881, he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and at the Novem- ber term, 1882, made his first appearance at the bar of his native city and county. J. R. CARL. Jeremiah R. Carl, son of Jeremiah Carl and Julia Ann Radel, daughter of John Radel, was born Aug. 4, 1841, in Lykens Valley. His father was of Irish parentage, his mother of German, and their children were Elizabeth, Polly, Catliarine, Daniel, George, Jeremiah R., and Susanna. Jeremiah R. spent his boyhood in labor, his educational advantages having been limited to a period of eight months at the public school. He learned the trade of a potter in Snyder County, Pa., and subsequently that of a plasterer. He removed to Williamstown in 1864, and subse- quently was engaged in contracting and in the lumber business. He is now farming, and is a director of the REV. JAMES CALDER, D.D. James Calder, son of William Calder and Mary Kirkwood, was born Feb. 16, 1826, at Harrisburg, Pa. He was educated in the public schools of the borough, the Harrisburg Academy, Partridge's Mili- tary Institute, and entered Wesleyan University, Mid- dletown, Conn., in 1845, from which he graduated 1st of August, 1849. In September following he joined the Philadelphia Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and was stationed in Lancaster County, where he remained until 1851, when he was ap- pointed missionary to China, sailing from New York in the spring of that year. He reached Foo-Chow, his missionary station, in July following. He re- mained at this point until the year 1854, when, having changed his views on church polity, he withdrew from the denomination, and returned to the United States. Soon after he became pastor of the Bethel Church, Harrisburg, until the year 1859, and in the mean time editor of the Church Advocate, the organ of the Church of God. In 1857, while serving in this pastorate, he took charge of the Shippensburg Collegiate Institute, continuing there one year, until, owing to the death of his wife, he returned to Harris- burg. In 1862 the larger part of the congregation here with their pastor connected themselves with the Free- Will Baptist denomination, and erected a new church building on State and Fourth Streets. The Eev. Mr. Calder ministered to that congregation until 1869, when he was elected president of the Free- Will Bap- tist College, Michigan. He continued at the head of that institution two years ; when, in 1871, the presi- dency of the Pennsylvania State College having be- come vacant by the death of Dr. Burrowes, Mr. Calder was invited to succeed him. He accepted the position, returned to Pennsylvania, and until June, 1880, remained in charge of that institution. He then resigned, and came to Harrisburg, where he now resides. The past three years he has filled the posi- tion of Lecturer of the State Grange of Pennsylvania, and at the same time assistant editor of the Farmers' Friend, published in the interest of the State Grange. Hillsdale College, in 1866, conferred upon Mr. Calder the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Calder married first, in 1850, Ellen C. Winebrenner, daughter of the Rev. John Winebrenner, who died in 1858. He married, secondly, Mrs. Eliza D. Mur- phy, daughter of the late Nicholas Eeamshart, of Harrisburg. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 567 Miners' Deposit Bank of Lykens. Mr. Carl married, Feb. 5, 1865, Caroline Klinger, daughter of John A. Klinger, of Lykens Valley, and they had Lincoln, Calvin, Hattie Oardella, and James Abram Garfield. JOHN J. CLYDE. John Joseph Clyde, son of Thomas Clyde (1788- 1821) and Mary Dentzel (1789-1845), was born Dec. 14, 1813, in Mechanicsburg, Cumberland Co., Pa. He was educated in the schools of Harrisburg, and learned the trade of bookbinder. In 1834 he estab- lished himself in business in Brownsville, Fayette Co., Pa., and two years after started the Fayette Journal, which he continued for three years. In 1840 returned to Harrisburg and purchased the bindery of Samuel H. Clark, cohnecting a book-store therewith. In 1849 he was elected treasurer of the county of Dauphin, and in 1851 started the Whig State Journal. The year following purchased the Pennsylvania Intelligencer, uniting it with the Journal. In 1853 sold the establishment to John J. Patterson, and commenced the publication of the Chrystal Fountain. The same year bought one-third interest in the Pennsylvania Telegraph, which in 1855 he sold to Mr. Bergner. During the Presidential campaign of 1856 he published the American. The same year started the Daily Herald, which was continued until 1858, when he sold to O. Barrett and entered the service of the Lebanon Valley Railroad as its agent. Mr, Clyde married first, in 1834, Emeline Harvey, born 1811, in Perry County, Pa., died April, 1870, at Harrisburg, daughter of John and Mary Harvey, and their children were Virginia D., Joanna H., Mary A., Thomas H., Olive L., John Joseph, Edward W., Harvey E., and Annie C. He married, secondly, Mrs. Eliza (Jacobs) Cornyn, of Harrisburg. FREDERICK W. COOVEK, M.D. Frederick Welty Coover, son of Jacob Coover and Lydia A. Welty (1828-1860), was born Feb. 1, 1852, at Coover's Mill, on the banks of the Yellow Breeches Creek, in Upper Allen township, Cumberland Co., Pa. He received his education in the public schools of the township in winter, and in select pay schools in summer. He began the study of medicine in 1870, with Dr. W. W. Rutherford, of Harrisburg, with whom he continued six months, when being taken seriously ill he removed to his home at Dills- burg. Upon his recovery he continued his studies with Drs. G. L. and J. M. Shearer of that place. In October, 1872, he matriculated at the University of Pennsylvania, medical department, where he attended three full courses of lectures, and in addition the special spring course of 1873. He graduated in March, 1875, and, on the 12th of April following en- tered upon the duties of resident physician of the City Hospital, Harrisburg, being the first to fill that position. The year succeeding he began the general practice of medicine in Harrisburg ; was elected one of the visiting physicians to the hospital, in which position he continues connected with that institution. In 1878 he was elected physician to the county alms- house, and now (1883) serving his sixth term. Dr. Coover married, April 19, 1881, Elizabeth Faerster, only daughter of George and Catharine Faerster, of Harrisburg. JOSEPH H. COOVER, M.D. Joseph Henry Coover, son of Samuel Coover and Sarah Stayman, was born June 15, 1838, in Mechan- icsburg, Cumberland Co., Pa. He was educated at Cumberland Valley Institute, Mechanicsburg, where he was prepared for entering the junior class of a college course, but determining to lead a professional life, commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Eli H. Coover, in the fall of 1860, and later with Professor D. Hayes Agnew, of Philadelphia, attending Jeffer- son College lecture course, 1861-62. In the spring of the latter year he was appointed by Governor Curtin one of the commissioners to investigate the sanitary condition of the Pennsylvania soldiers in the Army of the Potomac. Upon his return he went before the United States Medical Board, at Philadelphia, for examination, and was placed in charge of the reserve of the Fifth United States Artillery, Army of the Potomac. In the fall of 1862 he returned to college, where he graduated in March, 1863. Afterwards sent as assistant surgeon to the General Hospital, Nash- ville, Tenn.; from thence to the Ofiicers' Hospital, at Annapolis, Md., where he remained until the winter of 1864, performing, as Surgeon Baers, U.S.A., says, " some of the most difficult operations in surgery, and discharging his professional duties at all times in a highly scientific manner, reflecting both credit to him- self and honor to the medical fraternity." The winter of 1864-65 was spent at college and in the wards of the different hospitals of the city of Philadelphia. The following spring Dr. Coover located at Harrisburg, in the practice of his profession. Desiring to lessen the burden of his practice, he was led to devote special attention to diseases of the eye, ear, and throat, and with this object in view he went to Europe, where, during the years 1878-79, he pursued his studies in the specialties referred to in the hos- pitals of Vienna and London, under the most emi- nent and skillful surgeons and physicians in the world. Dr. Coover married, in 1865, Flora L. Wol- ford, daughter of Col. John Wolford, of York Springs, Pa. WILLIAM KERR COWDEN. William Kerr Cowden, the son of Matthew B. Cowden and Mary Wallace, was born Jan. 5, 1822, in Lower Paxtang township, Dauphin Co., Pa. He was brought up a farmer, receiving such facilities of edu- cation as the schools of the township afibrded prior 568 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. to the adoption of the common-school system. He continued the occupation of a farmer until 1868, when he removed to Harrisburg and engaged in the coal and lumber business, subsequently establishing a planing-mill. For a decade of years he has been one of the inspectors of the Dauphin County prison. Mr. Cowden married Elizabeth M. Elder, daughter of Joshua Elder and Mary C. Gillmor. JOHN B. COX. John Bowes Cox, son of John Bowes Cox (1780- 1831) and Matilda Willis McAllister (1787-1858), was born Nov. 19, 1817, at Estherton, Pa. He was descended from Dr. John Cox, who laid out Esther- ton, whose son was Col. Cornelius Cox, of the Eev- olution, father of John B. Cox, Sr. The children of the latter were Catharine Mary (married A. O. Hies- ter), Elizabeth (married Adam H. Orth), Matilda Willis, John B., George Washington (d. s. p.), Ra- chel, Esther Amelia (married Joseph E. Piolett), Cornelius, and George W. (deceased). Of the fore- going, John B., the subject of our sketch, was edu- cated at the academies at Litiz, Burlington, N. J., West Chester, and York, Pa. He learned the pro- fession of civil engineer, which occupation he pur- sued several years, subsequently engaging for a long period in flour and saw-milling enterprises, when he retired from active pursuits. Mr. Cox married, in 1844, Eebecca E. Lightner, daughter of John and Rebecca Lightner, of Pequa, Lancaster Co., Pa., and their children were Matilda Willis, Mary Richardson (married Ed. H. Buehler), John Bowes, Rebecca Hop- kins, Edward Buchanan, and Catharine Hiester. WILLIAM HOWARD DAY. William Howard Day, son of John. Day (1783- 1828) and Eliza Dixon (1798-1869), was born Oct. 16, 1825, in the city of New York. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, in the private school of Rev. Frederick Jones, and prepared for col- lege in the high school, Northampton, Mass., then in charge of Eev. Eudolphus B. Hubbard and Tutor Dwight, subsequently of Yale College. In 1843 he entered Oberlin College, graduating in 1847. He learned the art of printing in the Hampshire Gazette office at Northampton, and afterwards turned his attention to teaching and lecturing. In 1850 he was elected by the colored citizens of Ohio, at a State conference, to plead' their cause before the Ohio Con- stitutional Convention. From 1852 to 1855 he edited The Aliened American at Cleveland, having previously been local editor of the Cleveland True Democrat, now the Leader. In 1861 he was invited to take the lec- ture platform in Great Britain, and remained there particularly at the request of the American residents from the North to explain to the people of England the issues at stake in the great civil conflict then transpiring in the United States. Returning to his native country he resumed his profession of teacher. In 1867 and 1868 he was superintendent of schools in the district of Maryland and Delaware under the United States government. During the incumbency of Gen. Harrison Allen as auditor-general of Penn- sylvania, 1872-75, he held a clerkship in the corpora- tion department of that office. In 1868, Mr. Day was ordained an elder in the African Methodist Episcopal Zion connection, and in 1875 and 1878 was secretary of the General Conference of that body. He was the first person of color elected to the board of school control of the city of Harrisburg, serving from 1878 to 1883. JOSEPH W. DURBIN. Joseph W. Durbin, son of William Durbin and Hannah Clapp, was Jjorn Nov. 12, 1834, in County Somerset, England. His grandfather, Samuel Dur- bin, was a native of County Somerset, England, mar- ried a Miss Green, and their children were William, James, Simon, George, Emily, and Elizabeth. Wil- liam married Hannah Clapp, of County Somerset, and their children were John, Samuel, Joseph W., James C, and Ann. William Durbin emigrated to America with his family when in his fiftieth year, and now resides in Lykens Valley. At the age of twelve Joseph W. Durbin removed to Monmouth- shire, Wales, where he was engaged in active labor BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 569 until he came to the United States. He first settled in Schuylkill County, and four years later at Lykens, where he was employed in the coal-mines. Having discovered an attractive field for mercaintile ventures at Williamstown, then a mere hamlet, he soon after removed to that point and established himself in business, which he successfully carries on. Mr. Dur- bin married. May 6, 1855, Louisa Hulett, daughter of Joseph Hulett,- of Monmouthshire, Wales, and they have had James, Hannah L., William J., Sam- uel W., Elizabeth Simpson, and Leonidas, of whom four are living. He is a director of the Miners' De- posit Bank of Lykens, and president of the Central Pennsylvania Conservatory of Music. * chased a large number of lots and erected the first houses at Baldwin (now Steelton). In 1871 he laid out an extension to Steelton, now known as Upper Steelton, the same year the village of Highland, and in 1872 what was lately known as Lower Steelton, all now comprised within the limits of the borough of Steelton. In 1876 he laid out the Baldwin Ceme- tery, for the burial of white persons, and Midland Cemetery for colored persons. Mr. Dunkle erected a substantial market-house, and was the prime mover in the building of a public hall at Steelton. As one of the pioneers of this thriving town, of which he was the first burgess, his enterprise and energy are pre- eminent. Apart from his real estate interests, he is '^.^^^/^ JOSIAH A. DUNKLE. Josiah A. Dunkle was born Sept. 11, 1834, in Hali- fax, Dauphin Co., Pa. In 1846 his parents removed to a farm in Swatara township, where the son resided until 1853. He then learned the trade of a carpen- ter, and as contractor and builder was thus actively engaged until 1872. The same year he relinquished his coal and lumber business, in which he had large interests. He was the first to purchase a plot of ground where Churchville is located, and where he resided several years. When the Pennsylvania Steel Company were first constructing their works he pur- largely engaged in merchandising. Mr. Dunkle mar- ried Mary Bishop, daughter of William Bishop, and they had two sons and five daughters. * WILLIAM H. BGLBj M.D., M.A. William Henry Egle, son of John and Elizabeth Egle, was born Sept. 17, 1830, at Harrisburg, Pa. His father dying when he was four years of age, he went to his paternal grandmother's, to whom he was in- debted for his careful training during childhood and youth. He was educated in the private and public schools of Harrisburg, and for two years attended 570 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Harrisburg Military Institute, under the care of Capt. Alden Partridge, where he pursued the study of the classics and higher mathematics. Not having the opportunity of entering college, he determined to learn the art of printing, and for this purpose spent three years in the office of the Pennsylvania Telegraph, during most of which time he was foreman of the establishment. Subsequently he had charge of the State printing. In 1853, having been a frequent cor- respondent to the monthly magazines, he undertook the editorship of the Literary Companion, which was discontinued at the end of six months, at the same time the editing of the Daily 7?»ie«, afterwards merged into one of the other newspaper ventures of Harris- burg. In 1854 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Charles C. Bombaugh, of Harrisburg, during a portion of which period, that and the following year, he was an assistant teacher in the boys' schools of the then North Ward, afterwards mailing clerk in the post-office under Messrs. Brant and Porter. In the fall of 1857 he resigned his position, and entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylva- nia, from which institution he graduated in March, 1859. The same year he located at Harrisburg, and was in the practice of his profession there when, in 1862, after the battles of Chantilly and the second Bull Run, he was telegraphed by Adjutant-General Russell, of Pennsylvania, to go to Washington to assist in the care of the wounded, which duty he per- formed. In September of that year he was commis- sioned assistant surgeon of the Ninety-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and in the summer of 1863 surgeon of the Forty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Militia. At the close of service with the latter command he resumed his practice, but after- wards at the earnest solicitation of Adjutant-General Thomas, of the United States army, he accepted the appointment by President Lincoln as surgeon of vol- unteers, and was ordered to Camp Nelson, Kentucky, to examine the troops for the United States regiments then organizing in that State. He was subsequently detailed with the cavalry battalion under Col. James Brisbin, now of the United States army, thence ordered to the Department of the James under Gen. Butler, and assigned to the Twenty-fifth Army Corps. During the Appomattox campaign he was chief executive medical officer of Gen. Birney's division, Twenty- fourth Army Corps, and upon the return from that cam- paign ordered to the Rio Grande with Gen. Jackson's division, Twenty-fifth Army Corps, as its chief medi- cal officer. While at Roma he was repeatedly sent for by Gen. Canales, of the Liberal army of Mexico, for consultation, and at the earnest request of Don Flores, the alcalde of the city of Mier, performed several difficult operations with such success that during the further residence on the Rio Grande patients were brought him from places as remote as Monterey and San Luis Potosi. In December, 1865, he resigned the service and returned home, when for a brief period he partially resumed the practice of his profession. Turning his attention to historic research, he commenced the prep- aration of his " History of Pennsylvania," which was published in 1876 ; at the same time, in connection with Hon. John Blair Linn, edited twelve volumes of the second series of the " Pennsylvania Archives." Apart from these he published the following : " Poems" in 1848, " Parson Elder, a Biography," " Col. Timothy Green," " The Dixons of Dixon's Ford," " Historical Review of Dauphin County," " Notes and Queries, Historical and Genealogical," first and second series, 1879-82, "History of the Counties of Dauphin and Lebanon in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,'' 1883. In 1877, in consideration of his researches into the history of Pennsylvania, Lafayette College con- ferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. Upon the organization of the National Guard of Pennsylvania, in 1870, Dr. Egle was appointed sur- geon-in-chief of the Fifth Division with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and subsequently in the consoli- dation of the commands transferred to surgeon of the Eighth Regiment, and is the senior medical officer in the National Guard of Pennsylvania. He has been honored by election as corresponding member of a number of historical and learned societies in America and England. Dr. Egle married, in 1860, Eliza White Beatty, daughter of George Beatty, of Harris- burg ; and their children were Beverly Waugh {d. s. p.), Sarah Beatty, and Catharine Irwin. A. B. H. DANIEL BPPLBY. Daniel Eppley, son of George Eppley (1786-1852) and Susan Brookhart (1800-1850), was born July 26, 1817, in Fishing Creek Valley, Fairview township, York Co., Pa. He was educated in the common schools of the neighborhood, and brought up on his father's farm. On the 6th of October, 1834, he came to Harrisburg and entered the dry-goods store of George and Bernard Geiger, where he remained six years, when he made an engagement with Messrs. Elder & Piper in the same business. In April, 1847, he established himself in the mercantile trade, which he successfully conducted until in 1870 he retired from all business pursuits. On the organization of the Farmers' Bank of Harrisburg, in May, 1872, Mr. Eppley was chosen a director of that institution, and at present is president thereof. He has served in the various municipal offices of school director, city and county auditor, and also one of the trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital at Harrisburg. Mr. Eppley married, June 2, 1845, Louisa Geiger, daughter of Ber- nard and Charlotte Geiger, of Harrisburg, who died March 2, 1849, leaving a daughter, Mary Lavinia, married Walter B. Fahnestock, of Pittsburgh, both dead, leaving two children. He married, secondly, Dec. 24, 1850, Anna Maria Heisely, daughter of George J. Heisely and Anna Maria Kurtz, of Harris- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 571 burg, and their children'were Edward Kurtz, d. s. p. ; Helen Elizabeth, married William H. Lyter; and Annie Maria. BENJAMIN F. BTTER. Benjamin F. Etter, lawyer of Harrisburg, and ex- deputy attorney-general of Pennsylvania, was born at Middletown, Dauphin Co., Sept. 29, 1824. He ob- tained his early'education at the Middletown Acad- emy. At the age of twenty-two began reading law with James Fox, a lawyer of Harrisburg, and was ad- A. and Barbara A. (Keller) Snyder, of Lancaster, Pa. Her father was a relative of Governor Snyder. Their surviving children are Charles F., clerk in the First National Bank of Harrisburg ; Nannie E. ; and George E. Etter, a student in Princeton College. His parents, George and Nancy (Shelly) Etter, died at Middletown, the former in 1850, aged sixty-seven ; the latter in 1826, aged thirty. His grandfather, Abraham Etter, settled in Dauphin- County, from Lancaster, about 1800, where he died, and was of German origin. His maternal grandfather was Abraham Shelly, of York County, Pa. « r^ ^(^^^^ mitted to practice on Nov. 24, 1851. He opened a law-office in Harrisburg the same year, and has been engaged in general practice in the civil courts of the county and State since, a period of thirty-one years. Mr. Etter was appointed and served for six years as deputy attorney-general under Attcftney-General William M! Meredith, and for a short time under At- torney-General Benjamin H. Brewster. His safe and judicious opinions as a counselor, his integrity and fidelity to his clients, and his uncompromising desire to defend the wrong and encourage the right have given him a high reputation in the profession. He married, in 1857, Catharine A., daughter of Charles A. K. FAHNESTOCK. Adam K. Fahnestock, son of Obed Fahnestock (1770-1840) and Anna Maria Gessel (died 1842), was born July 12, 1806, at Harrisburg, Pa. He was de- scended from Diedrich Fahnestock, one of the earliest settlers at Ephrata, Lancaster Co. Adam K. was educated in the schools of the borough, and at the academy at Litiz. He was brought up in mercantile pursuits, and for many years carried on brick-making extensively. He was engaged in the hardware busi- ness about fifteen years, and in 1833 established a glue manufactory at Harrisburg, which he success- fully carried on for a long period. Mr. Fahnestock 572 HISTOKY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. was thrice married, — his first wife being Sybil T. Holbrook, the mother of all his children, who were Harris C. (the prominent banker of New York), Hol- brook (d. s. p.), Morris James (d, s. p.), Sybil Amelia (married T. H. Hubbard), Charles A., Wallace Weir, and Louis. CHARLES B. PAGER, M.D. Charles Buffington Fager, son 'of Dr. John Henry Fager and Mary H. BuflSngton, was born in the year 1837, at Harrisburg, Pa. He was educated in the public schools of Harrisburg, read medicine with his father, and graduated from the University of Penn- sylvania in 1864, and commenced the practice of his profession at Harrisburg. He was a medical cadet in the United States army in 1862, and contract as- sistant surgeon in 1864, vaccine physician of Harris- burg, 1866-67, and one of the founders of the Homoeo- pathic Medical Society of Dauphin County in 1866. Dr. Fager married Susan A. Hummel, daughter of Valentine Hummel, of Harrisburg. SAMUEL M. FBNN. Samuel M. Fenn, son of Benjamin Sedgwick Fenn and Sarah Scranton, was born Aug. 3, 1839, in Ca- naan, Conn. He removed in early life to Harrisburg, and became an inmate of the home of his uncle, Theophilus Fenn, then editor of the Pennsylvania Telegraph, where he received such advantages of study as could be afforded him. At the age of sixteen he entered the office of the Palladium, at New Haven, Conn., and served an apprenticeship to the art of printing. In September, 1862, Mr. Fenn enlisted in Company C, Sixteenth Kegiment Connecticut Volun- teers, and served until the close of the war for the Union. After an interval he returned as foreman on the Hartford Times, and in November, 1868, removed to Lykens, having purchased the office and effects of the Upper Dauphin Register, which was subsequently changed to Lykens Register, which he has continued to edit and publish, having " brought both ability and energy to bear in its publication." Mr. Fenn married, April 14, 1872, Addie Miller, of Shrewsbury, York Co., Pa., and they had Emma M. and George B. PROEESSOR L. 0. EOOSB. Lemuel Oliver Foose, son of James Foose (1811- 1876) and Catharine Boyer (born 1817), was born Jan. 16, 1838, in Juniata County, Pa. He was edu- cated at Markleville Academy, Perry Co., Pa., and at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, leaving the latter institution at the close of the junior year in 1863. While attending the academy, and to some extent the college, he taught school. In 1864 he took charge of the academy at Aaronsburg, Centre Co., Pa. In 1866 and 1867 was superintendent of schools at Lima, Ohio ; in 1868-69 superintendent of schools at Miamisburg, Ohio, and from 1869 to 1879 teacher in the Boys' High School, Harrisburg. In 1879 he was elected superintendent of schools for the city of Harrisburg, which position he now holds. Of his work at Har- risburg, it may be said that especially in the high school he succeeded in bringing about system and order; a course of study was adopted and improved from time to time, the standard of scholarship and discipline raised, and the general scope and mission of the school so enlarged that it has reached a high grade among similar institutions in the State. Mr. Foose married, in 1868, Elizabeth Eleanor Kuhn, daughter of Rev. Samuel and Eleanor M. Kuhn. REV. C. H. EORNET, D.D. Christian Henry Forney, son of Christian T. For- ney (1806-1860) and Barbara Strohm, was born Oct. 17, 1839, in West Hanover township, Dauphin Co., Pa. He was educated in the common schools, St. Thomas Institute, Milesburg Normal School, and Oberlin College, where he- completed the course preparatory to the study of theology in 1860, and entered upon the ministry at Mount Ivy, Lancas- ter Co., Pa., in November of that year, where he remained until April, 1863. He also preached at Chambersburg, Franklin Co., Pa., from April, 1863, to April, 1866; at Harrisburg, Fourth Street, from April, 1866, to April, 1868; Lancaster City from April, 1868, to April, 1870, since which time he has been in charge of the editorial department of the church paper of his denomination, preaching only on special occasions. He was chaplain of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania in 1868, and has been twice Speaker of the East Pennsylvania Elder- ship of the Church of- God ; once Speaker of the General Eldership ; almost a continuous member of the standing committee of the East Pennsylvania Eldership since 1869 ; member of Board of Missions and Board of Incorporation of the East Pennsylvania Eldership ; member of the Executive Board of the General Eldership ; continuous member of Board of Education of the General Eldership until elected on the Executive Board ; a continuous member of the Board of Education of East Pennsylvania Elder- ship. In 1866 he was elected assistant editor of the Church Advocate, and upon the death of the editor, in 1869, became editor-in-chief, which position he still occupies. In June, 1881, Hillsdale College, Michigan, conferred upon him the degree of D.D. ABRAHAM FORTENBAUGH. Abraham Bortenbaugh, son of Samuel Fortenbaugh and Mary E. Miller, was born Aug. 5, 1868, in New- berry township, York Co., Pa. His grandfather, Peter Fortenbaugh, was of German birth ; emigrated to America, and settled on a farm in Newberry town- ship, York Co., Pa. He married and had eleven children, of whom Samuel, born April 14, 1813, was a farmer and merchant; died May 5, 1866; mar- BIOGKAPHICAL HISTORY. 573 ried Mary E. Miller, daughter of Henry Miller, of York County, Pa., died Oct. 11, 1881. Their children were Mary Ann, Abraham, Anne, Samuel H., Mary Ellen (married Prowell), Samuel, and Eobert, of whom Abraham and Mary Ellen alone survive. Abraham Fortenbaugh during the early years of his life assisted his father on the farm and in the store, receiving such educational advantages as the country schools af- forded. At the age of sixteen he became a clerk at Goldsboro', whither his father had removed, two years later going into business connection with his father at Yocumtown, where he remained until 1864. He removed to Halifax, and engaged in general mer- chandising, and soon established a large and rapidly increasing trade. He represented the county of Dauphin in the State Legislature, sessions of 1874-75 and 1876, He is a director and vice-president of the First National Bank of Millersburg, and one of the founders of the Miners' Deposit Bank of Lykens. Mr. Fortenbaugh married in 1862, Mary E. Byrod, daughter of John Byrod, of Halifax, and they had Seward B., d. s. p. ; Mary, Catharine, and Samuel. DAVID FLEMING. David Fleming, lawyer, of Harrisburg, Pa., was born in Washington County, Pa., July 17, 1812; is one of a family of eleven children, and the son of Samuel and Sarah (Beckett) Fleming. His paternal grandfather was of Scotch ancestry, and a native of Ireland. He settled in Cecil County, Md., from Ire- land, afterwards in Chester County, Pa., and subse- quently at Bald Eagle, from which place, with his family, he was driven away by the Indians. In the attack one son, Samuel, father of our subject (1761- 1851), was shot through the arm. He afterwards settled in Washington County, and in 1812 removed to Dauphin County, where he spent the remainder of his active life, a farmer, in West Hanover township. The family attended and were members of the Pres- byterian Church there, under the well-known clergy- man. Rev. James Snodgrass. David Fleming spent his boyhood on the farm, obtained his early education at the common school and " Harrisburg Academy," and for several years, alternating with attending school, he was a successful 574 HISTOEY OP DAUPHIN COUNTY. teacher here and in Baltimore County, Md., in the latter place teaching classics and the higher mathe- matics. On account of ill health he turned his atten- tion to business pursuits, and became a clerk for Dr. D. N. L. Eeutter, a contractor on the Baltimore and Port Deposit Railroad, and after a time took charge for him of the shipment of pine timber for the navy- yard at Washington, D. C, from North Carolina, making several trips by sea and greatly improving his health. In 1838 he returned to Harrisburg, and for several years edited a local paper and reported the proceedings of the Legislature for four Philadel- phia journals, including the United States Gazette. In 1839 he entered the law-office of William McClure as a student, was admitted to the bar at Harrisburg in November, 1841, and has uninterruptedly practiced his profession since. Mr. Fleming has regularly prac- ticed in the Supreme Court of the commonwealth since 1843, and the reported decisions of that tribunal will show that he has been concerned in a large pro- portion of the cases removed from Dauphin and other counties, many of them involving principles of great importance. Of late years he has attended to bank- ruptcy practice in the two Federal courts. He closed his labors as newspaper correspondent in 1847, and was elected chief clerk of the House of Eepresentatives, and served during that session. He was renominated by the Whigs in 1848, but a tie in that body and the absence of one of his friends gave the place to the Democratic- candidate by one vote. In 1854 he was elected district attorney, served three years, and declined a re-election. In 1863 he was elected to the State Senate, and served for three years in that body, being chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary during his second year, and Speaker in the closing session of his term. Outside his profes- sion, Mr. Fleming has been identified in various ways with most of the leading interests in Harrisburg. He was one of the founders of the Harrisburg Oar- Works in 1853, subsequently obtained its charter, and succeeded William Calder upon his death in 1880 as president, and also a member of the board and stock- holder of the Foundry and Machine Company, which originated from the same enterprise, member of the board and counsel for the Lochiel Iron Company, and assisted in the organization of its successor, the Lochiel Eolling-Mill Company. He was counsel and one of the directors of the Harrisburg National Bank for many years, and was one of the incorporators in organizing the First National Bank of Harrisburg, for which he has been counsel since. He was a direc- tor of the Inland Telegraph Company, and afterwards of the United States Telegraph Company until its consolidation with the Western Union lines, and has been counsel for the latter, as well as for the Atlantic and Ohio and the Pacific and Atlantic Telegraph Companies, the Columbia Oil Company, and many other large corporations in several important suits, involving the taxation of these corporations by the State. He was one of the originators of the first Har- risburg Gas Company, and had been president of the People's Gas and Gaseous Fuel Company of Harris- burg. Mr. Fleming was one of the founders and sec- retary and treasurer of the Harrisburg City Eailroad (now railway), and has been a director since its reor- ganization. He is a trustee for the Home of the Friendless of Harrisburg, and a member of the board of trustees of the Market Square Presbyterian Church, of which he was president for many years. He is one of the oldest Sunday-school teachers in the city, and has always aided in every enterprise tending to better educate the rising generation, and he was patriotic and rendered support tr the Union cause by his influence and means during the civil war. Mr. Fleming's law partner, with whom he has been associated since 1870, is Mr. S. J. McCarrell, present district attorney for Dauphin County, who read law with him and was ad- mitted to practice in 1867. He married, in 1852, Susan, daughter of Charles and Mary (Eichmond) Mowry, of Harrisburg. Her father published the first newspaper at Downingtown, Pa., and after his removal to Harrisburg he was ap- pointed one of the first canal commissioners in the State, and conducted a newspaper in company with Gen. Simon Cameron. Their children were Charles M., agraduate of Prince- ton College and member of the Dauphin County bar, recently deceased ; Sarah, a graduate of Vassar Col- lege ; David, a graduate of Princeton College, cashier of the foundry and machine- works; and George E., a law student. * LEWIS H. GAUSE. Lewis H. Gause, son of Samuel Gause (1781-1865) and Mary Bailey (1784-1868), was born Oct. 28, 1821, at Unionville, Chester Co., Pa. He was educated in the country schools of Delaware and Chester County, and at Westtown boarding-school. After having taught school a good many years, he graduated in 1861 from the State Normal School of New Jersey, located at Trenton. In early life he commenced teaching ; came to Harrisburg in 1843 as teacher in the boys' high school of the South Ward, where he continued until 1851, when he beca,me teacher of the sciences in the agricultural school at Mount Airy, conducted by Professor John Wilkinson, for one year. From December, 1852, to the spring of 1855 he taught at Treemount Seminary, Norristown, when he took charge of the Olive Branch, which he edited two years. In 1857 went to Springfield, Ohio, to engage in a newspaper venture, but purchasing a farm, fol- lowed farming two years, teaching during the winter. In 1859 he returned East, took charge of one of the public schools at Plainfield, N. J., subsequently at- tending the State Normal School as stated. During the Eebellion he entered the United States service, serving until the close of the war, and was made clerk to Maj. E. L. Moore, paymaster in the United '^^mjTrA r.., .Pfaijdji; A'.' BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 575 States army. In October, 1865, he resigned, and es- tablished a select school at Harrisburg, which he suc- cessfully conducted ten years. In 1875 was elected by the school board of the city of Harrisburg super- visory principal of the Eeily Street schools, which position he has since filled. Mr. Gause studied law whileconductingtheHarrisburglnstitute, under John G. Kunkel, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar December, 1868. He married, Oct. 28, 1847, Sarah Fish Moore, daughter of Levi Moore and Sarah Fish, of Amherst, Mass., and their children are Le- ander M., Charles S., Helen, Frank L., Lucy G., and Laura B. J. Z. GERHARD, M.D. Jerome Z. Gerhard, son of William T. Gerhard (born Dec. 10, 1809, still living) and Elizabeth Sei- bert (1812-1881), was born Nov. 6, 1842, in Cherryville, Northampton Co., Pa. He was prepared for college in the high school at Lancaster, Pa., and the prepara- tory department of Franklin and Marshall College, and graduated from that institution in 1864; en- tered the office of Dr. John L. Atlee, of Lancaster, in September of that year, and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1868, and at once opened an office in Lancaster, where he remained nearly two years in active practice. During this time he was visiting physician to the Children's Home, and one of the physicians to the Lancaster County Hospital. Feb. 1, 1870, he entered upon the duties of first assistant physician in the Harrisburg Hos- pital, and Feb. 12, 1881, succeeded Dr. Curwen as superintendent, which position he still holds. During the year 1877 he spent five months on the continent, and thoroughly inspected the methods of treatment practiced in hospitals there. ling, d. s. p., Edward Ziegler, Henry Sahler, Robert, d. s. p., and Mary Elizabeth, d. s. p. DANIEL W. GROSS. Daniel Wiestling Gross, son of Abraham Gross (1781-1835) and Anna Maria Wiestling (1789-1856), was born March 11, 1810, in Middle Paxtang town- ship, Dauphin Co., Pa. He was educated in the schools of the borough of Harrisburg and at the academy there. He learned the profession of drug- gist and apothecary, and commenced business in 1830, and has continued therein until the present. He served in the municipal offices of member of Town Council and school director a long period. He was for many years one of the trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital at Harrisburg, and afterwards its treasurer; is president of the board of trustees of the theological seminary of the Reformed Church, vice-president of the board of trustees of Franklin and Marshall Col- lege, and was president of the board of publication of the Reformed Church of the United States for many years. Mr. Gross married, in 1841, Elizabeth Kunkel, eldest daughter of George Kunkel, of Har- risburg, who died in 1882, and their children were George A., John K., Joshua Wiestling, Daniel Wiest- A. BOYD HAMILTON. Adam Boyd Hamilton was borni in Harrisburg, in a house belonging to his grandfather Boyd, now No. 210 South Second Street, of a Sunday morning, Sept. 18, 1808, son of Hugh Hamilton, who was son of Capt. John Hamilton, and of Rosanna Boyd, only child of Adam Boyd. Both these ancestors were' purchasers of property in 1785, both erected substan- tial brick mansions, and both died and are buried at Harrisburg. The subject of this notice received his first school training under Misses Graham and Smith, at Second and Mulberry Streets, Charles Still, Maginnes, Birkman, Hamilton, Tod, Davies. Most of his time was devoted to picking up the trade of printer in his father's establishment, the Harris- burg Chronicle. At this early period two late chief justices of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Messrs. Lewis and Thompson, were employed there, as well as many other gentlemen who rose to social and political position. Having been carefully trained as a printer, after leaving the Harrisburg Academy he was appointed to a position in the engineer corps of the Juniata division of the State works, under De Witt Clinton, Jr., as chief. The partner of his father having died, he returned to Harrisburg and became partner in the Chronicle, where he continued until that paper was disposed of to other parties. He was chosen, when scarcely of voting age, one of the prin- ters to the Legislature. After spending a couple of years in an unsuccessful business venture in the South, he returned to Harrisburg, and shortly after appointed to a position at Washington City ; resigned, taking control of the Pennsylvania Reporter at Harris- burg; after a year or two was unanimously chosen as- sistant clerk of the Senate, resigning that, and becom- ing joint partner in the Pennsylvanian at Philadelphia with Mifflin, Parry, Joseph Neal, J. W. Forney, and S. D. Patterson. When that venture closed, became, under the contract law, printer to both houses of Congress, and at the repeal of that law, which car- ried his contract with it, came to Pennsylvania. Again became printer to the State until 1861, when he retired from that business and became an agricul- turist. He has held many municipal offices, — a school director for twelve years ; president of the Select Council, and one of the commissioners of 1860, and of a subsequent one in 1870, to make a plot of the city of Harrisburg ; president of the Pennsylvania State Agricultural Society, the Dauphin County So- ciety ; at present a trustee of the Harrisburg Acad- emy, secretary of the board of managers of the Har- risburg Hospital from the first meeting on the sub- ject in 1872, president of the board of trustees of Derry Presbyterian Church, and the only president the Dauphin County Historical Society has had since its formation. 576 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. HON. THOMAS S. HARGEST. Thomas Sewell Hargest, son of William E. Hargest (1819-72) and Eachel A. Taylor (born 1827, still living), was born Nov. 24, 1845, in Baltimore County, Md., and was educated in the public schools of Balti- more City. He came with his parents to Harrisburg in 1861, and in 1863 entered the army of the United States. He had previously studied the rudiments of some of the classics, physics, etc., and during the last year of the war studied law at Winchester, Va., and was admitted to the bar in August, 1877. In the early part of the year 1868 he was appointed com- monwealth attorney for the county of Shenandoah, Va., and subsequently, in the same, judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit, embracing the counties of Page, Warren, Shenandoah, Rockingham, and High- land, which position he held until legislated, with all the judiciary of the State, off the bench, by the Democratic Legislature in 1870, when he resumed the practice of the law at Winchester, Va. In 1874 he returned to Harrisburg, and was elected city so- licitor in 1876, and twice re-elected. He married, April 3, 1867, Virginia Diffenderfer, youngest daugh- ter of William and Harriet Diffenderfer, of Win- chester, Va. PAUL A. HARTMAN, M.D. Paul Augustus Hartman, son of John Joseph Hartman and Wilhelmina Stoever, was born Dec. 24, 1850, in Lebanon, Pa. He was educated in the public schools, at the State Normal School, Kutztown, Berks Co., and at Dickinson College, Carlisle. He then en- tered the office of Dr. Robert H. Seller, of Harris- burg, and began the study of medicine under his instructions. He attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, from which institution he graduated in March, 1874, and began the practice of his pro- fession at Harrisburg, where he is now located. He is a member of the Dauphin County Medical Society, and of the State and American Medical Associations. J. R. HAYES, M.D. Joshua Roberts Hayes, son of Nathaniel Hayes (1792-1876) and Matilda Barwick (born 1797), was born in 1832, in New Castle County, Del. He received his primary and academic education at New Castle Academy, and entered the full course at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania in October, 1852, graduating from the medical department of that institution in 1855, having pursued the previous study of medicine under the late Dr. John B. Brinton, of West Chester and the late Dr. George W. Norris, of Philadelphia. After graduating, in 1855, he settled in the practice of his profession at Rock Island, 111., and while there for a period of five years, attended professionally Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, and other celebrities in that State when they attended the courts of that county and district. When the war of the Rebellion broke out Dr. Hayes returned to Penn- sylvania, and in 1861 was commissioned surgeon of the Seventy-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers, and in this and other commands served during four years. For a period of nine months he was in medical charge of Camp Curtin, at Harrisburg, and while there examined over ten thousand recruits. He was in seventeen battles of the late war, and per- formed or assisted in nearly eight hundred capital operations. In 1879 he established at Harrisburg a weekly newspaper, — The Saturday Night, — of which he continues to be the editor and proprietor. He is the patentee for several inventions for paving, and has devoted much time to the production of artiiicial stone, etc., and also for the utilizing coal, and ma- chinery to compress the dust ©f coal. In addition to all these enterprises the doctor finds time to practice his profession. He married, in 1858, Elizabeth Rut- ter, daughter of John and Maria Rutter, of West Chester, and their children aje Areta V. and John Lawrence. JACOB M. HENSEL. Jacob Myers Hensel, son of *John Hensel and Eliz- abeth Myers, was born Jan. 7, 1825, in Lancaster. His grandfather, William Hensel, who was of Scotch and German descent, resided at Lancaster, Pa., and had children,— John, Jacob, William, Mary, and Elizabeth. John, the eldest son, born Aug. 3, 1785 died in his fifty-third year; married Elizabeth Myers' of Lancaster, born Aug. 7, 1785, and they had Wil- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 577 liam, Mary Ann, Amelia, Christopher, Henrietta, Selina, Elizabeth, Sarah, and Jacob M. Jacob M., the subject of our sketch, passed his boyhood in Lan- caster, received the ordinary school education until his sixteenth year, when he went to the trade of an iron-moulder at Margaretta Furnace, York Co. He then spent several years at Philadelphia and Balti- more, when, in 1865, he located in Lykens, where he established a factory and machine-shop, in which he is at present engaged. Mr. Hensel married in 1849, Catharine A. Cameron, daughter of Alexander Cam- eron, of Canada, and one daughter survives her mother. A. J. HBRR. Andrew Jackson Herr, son of Daniel Herr (1795- 1857) and Sarah Gilbert (1801-80), was born Dec. 31, 1832, in Greencastle, Franklin Co., Pa. He was educated at the Zane Street Grammar School and the high school at Philadelphia, from which latter institution he graduated in 1845. He shortly after commenced the study of law with James McCormick, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar Aug. 20, 1850, locating at Harrisburg in the practice of his profession. He served, by election, as district attor- ney nine years ; was counsel for county commission- ers one year, and represented the county of Dauphin in the Legislature in 1868 and 1869 ; was member of the State Senate in 1875 and 1876, and in the latter year re-elected for full term of four years ; elected presi- dent pro tem. of the Senate at the close of the session "of 1878, and re-elected to that oflBce in the session of 1879. In November, 1880, he was re-elected again for full term of four years. Col. Herr married, first, Martha Linn Coyle, daughter of Scott Coyle and Martha Linn ; secondly, Nannie M. Coyle, and their children were Daniel, a member of the Dauphin County bar, and Martha Coyle, d. s. p.; married, thirdly, Nannie Gilmore, daughter of James Gilmore and Eleanor McKinney, and they had Eleanor Gil- more. It may be here stated that in his early years he was a frequent contributor to the Saturday Even- ing Post and NeaVs Gazette, of, Philadelphia. When fifteen years of age he published three novels, entitled "Maid of the Valley," "Story founded on the Rev- olution," and " The Corsair," founded on the revolt of San Domingo. These books were republished in England. A novel called " The Chain of Destiny," also appeared from his pen. A. 0. HIESTBR. A. O. Hiester, son of Gabriel and Mary Otto Hies- ter, was born at Reading, Nov. 11, 1808. At twelve years of age he was sent to Downingtown Academy, in charge of Joshua Hoops, a Hicksite Quaker, next sent to Lebanon and placed under the care of Rev. Mr. Ernst, a Lutheran preacher, by whom in com- pany with A. E. Shulze, son of Ex-Governor Shulze, 37 he was prepared for college. In 1824 entered Dick- inson College, graduating in 1828, and was subse- quently a trustee for many years ; was elected a dele- gate with Dr. E. W. Roberts to the Infant-School Convention, which met in Washington, 1830. Trav- eled there in an old-fashioned gig, and dined with Henry Clay the day before the convention met. Then spent one year studying law in the ofBce of Judge Ki'ause. Law not being congenial to his taste, he abandoned the study, and spent six months at Hunt- ingdon Forge (owned by Dr. Shoenberger) ; leaving there he spent six months with Reuben Trexler, at Long Swamp Furnace, in Berks County. Returned to Harrisburg, and in 1830 and 1831 assisted in the erection of the rolling-mills at the mouth of the Conedoguinit Creek, when his father, in partner- ship with Norman Cullender, built a large boiler- plate and bar-iron mill. Took an active part in the management of the business until 1836, during the most disastrous period throughout the United States to ironmasters that they have been called to pass through. He was a director many years of the Branch Bank of Pennsylvania until it was closed ; was a director of the old Harrisburg Bank until it was changed, and is now a director of the Harrisburg National Bank. He was appointed associate judge by Governor Johnson to fill a vacancy occasioned by death, and was twice subsequently elected by the people for terms of five years each. He was also appointed one of three commissioners by the court of Dauphin County, under an act of the Legislature, to hear testimony and report their opin- ion of the damages sustained by individuals conse- quent upon Stuart's raid through the counties of Fulton, Franklin, and Adams. The commission consisted of Col. James Worrall, a gentleman from Lebanon County, and himself. He was by them elected chairman of the commission. He was chair- man of the committee of arrangements of the first State fair, held at Harrisburg in 1851 ; was one of the five commissioners, composed of Judge Watts, Judge Miles, H. N. McAUis, Mr. Walker, and him- self, to select a location for the State Agricultural College, and after it was finished annually elected a trustee for about fifteen years. His son, Gabriel, who graduated at the college, has taken his place, and is now a trustee. He was also secretary of the State Agricultural Society for four years. For six years he was a trustee of the State Lunatic Hospital. While attending to his farm he has led an active business life, having settled twelve estates as executor, acted as trustee for eleven persons, as guardian for ten children, and assignee for the settlement of three estates. He was among the first of the subscribers to the Harrisburg Cotton Factory, the Harrisburg Car- Works (of which he was a director), of the Harris- burg Street Passenger Railroad (of which he was president), and of the Fort Hunter Road Commission, 578 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. -of which he has (been secretary and treasurer since its organization. In 1835 married Catharine M. Cox, daughter of John B. Cox, recently deceased. * WILLIAM HOFFMAN. William Hoflfman, son of Jacob Hoffman (born 1805) and Eve Elizabeth Weiser (1805-1881), was born Sept. 7, 1831, in Jordan township, Northumber- land.Co., Pa. His grandfather removed from Berks facture of agricultural implements, which was con- tinued until 1878, when he resumed his former busi- ness. In 1860, Mr. Hoffman was elected a justice of the peace, which office he held for twenty years. In 1877 he was chosen burgess of Uniontown borough, and is a director of the First National Bank of Mil- lersburg. Mr. Hoffman married, Oct. 20, 1853, Lydia Willier, daughter of Adam Willier, of Lykens town- ship, and they had W. |Jacob, J. Weiser, Sarah E. (married Emrick), Kate A., and Eulera J. * ij ^/fe-^^^^^^ County, where he was ^born, to Lykens Valley at an early day, locating on a farm near Berrysburg. He married Rebecca Kuntzman, and they had Daniel, George, Jacob, John, and seven daughters. Jacob learned the trade of a carpenter, married Eve Eliza- beth Weiser, and they had William, John, Mary (married Witmer), Sarah (married Moyer), and Elizabeth (married Deppen). He removed to Northumberland County, where he followed farm- ing and cabinet-making, and there most of their chil- dren were born. William Hoffman's early life was passed on his father's farm, and his educational ad- vantages were limited to the country schools. In 1859 he removed to Uniontown, Dauphin Co., where he engaged in merchandising until 1865, when, having retired from mercantile pursuits, he began the manu- WILLIAM T. HILDRUP. Thomas Hildrup (1754-1795), a native of England, came to America and settled at Hartford, Conn., in 1766, where he learned the trade of a jeweler, and carried on that business there during the remainder of his active life. He was an influential citizen of the place, and was appointed and served as post- master of Hartford for several years. He had five sons,— John, Joslin, Thomas, William, and Jesse, — and two daughters. Jesse Hildrup (1789-1865) spent his life as a tanner and shoemaker in Middletown and a farmer in Danbury, Conn., and died in Belvidere, 111. His wife was Sophia Turner, of Middlefield, and their children were William T., Mary (married Rev. S. C. Howe, a Methodist clergyman), Jesse (a lawyer of Chicago, 111.), Martha, and John (a machinist in ■"^-^--^ Gi, maisd,fi.p!>i^ f/j(}lU&^'^!^ BIOGRAPHICAL TORY. 579 the car-works at Harrisburg). William T. Hildn son of Jesse Hildrup, was born Feb. 6, 1822j>piif id- dletown, Conn. His early life waa-uaerirSa by a de- sire for education and a full knowledge of mechanics. At the age of nineteen, with only twenty-five dollars in money, but with self-reliance, industrious habits, and a will to do for himself, he left his home to carve out a fortune for himself. He worked at the carpen- ter's trade for two years in Cape Vincent, N. Y., then proceeded to Worcester, Mass., where he became an employ^ in the Bradley Car-Factory. Here he began as a journeyman mechanic in a business that he be- came so thoroughly master of in nine years as to merit the highest place in the concern, and become principal manager of the works. It was here that decision, capacity of mind to direct and manage, and a natural talent for mechanics first developed in Mr. Hildrup, and were recognized by his superiors. He was a close student of mechanical theories, business rules and usages coupled with practical ideas. For one year following, he engaged in manufacturing car- wheels and car-castings in Elmira, N. Y. In 1853, upon invitation, he came to Harrisburg and was the leading mind in organizing the Harrisburg Car- Works, of which he was chosen future business manager, and has continued to conduct them successfully since, a period of thirty years. Finding only crude mechanics, he organized a free drawing-school the following win- ter, and taught mechanical drawing for mechanics, and ornamental drawing for painters, which resulted in preparing men for proficient work in the car-shops, and was the preliminary education for some who afterwards gained distinction as master mechanics in different parts of the United States. By his enter- prise and superior capacity, coupled with capital brought to his aid, he has been the chief man in building up the manufacturing interests of Harris- burg. Every enterprise has succeeded under his supervision, and not one ever failed or proved a loss to its creditors. Urged to take the management of the Lochiel Iron Company in 1862, he lifted it out of distress, started it, and saved the company a large amount of money. A second time when the company was in difficulty he was made temporary president, managed it for nine months, lifted it from a large debt, and reorganized it under a charter of the Lochiel Eolling-Mill Company, with additional capital and a new organization. Thus Mr. Hildrup's thorough mechanical education and executive ability have been brought to the notice of the largest corporations in the city, and made useful to the interests of Harris- burg. Knowing the difficulty of the artisan in secur- ing instruction, he interested himself in obtaining a bill from the Legislature in 1873 in behalf of a "Me- chanic's High School," was made chairman of a com- mission to establish it, but sufficient appropriation not being made on account of the panic of that year, the school has never been established, although he caused to be added to several now existing colleges special mechanical professorships covering the in- terests of general and specific technical education. Mr. Hildrup planned and constructed the fortifica- tions for the defense of Harrisburg during the late civil war, and in connection with William Calder, furnished the government 42,000 horses, 67,000 mules, and 5000 oxen during the four years of the Rebellion. He was one of the incorporators of the First National Bank of Harrisburg, and has been a director since. He is the inventor of a great improvement for upset- ting and enlarging the end of an iron rod, so that the thread shall be as long as the rod itself In 1881, de- sirous of freeing himself from the entire care of his business interests in Harrisburg, he removed his fam- ily to Washington, D. C, where he spends a part of his time. He married in October, 1 846, Harriet E. Esselstyne, daughter of Col. John B. Esselstyne, of Cape Vincent, N. Y., who died in 1876. His surviv- ing children are Jessie, William T., and Clara. His present wife is Emma J. Piper, of Philadelphia. * GEOEGE E. HUESH. George B. Hursh, third son of Christian and Eliza Hursh, was born Feb. 6, 1835, in Fairview township, York Co., Pa. He was brought up on his father's farm. At the age of sixteen he was sent to the Cum- berland Valley Institute, where he remained about eighteen months. He then entered the office of Dr. A. J. Herman, of Carlisle, and began the study of medicine, and in due time attended lectures in Jeffer- son Medical College, where he graduated in March, 580 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. 1857. He first located in New Cumberland, where he practiced two years, then removed to New Market, York Co. In September, 1864, he was appointed assistant surgeon in the army, and was stationed in the United States Hospital at York, Pa. Towards the close of the Rebellion he resigned his position, and resumed the practice of medicine at New Market. In 1868 he was elected a member of the Pennsylvania House of Eepresentatives, and the year following re- elected. In 1871 he removed to Harrisburg, where he has since remained in the practice of his profes- sion. In 1876 he was appointed on the medical staff of the city hospital, Harrisburg, a position he now holds. Dr. Hursh married, in 1859, Sarah A. Reiff. * COL. WILLIAM W. JENNINGS. William Wesley Jennings, son of William Jen- nings (1807-1875) and Elmina Elizabeth Boas, was born July 22, 1838, at Harrisburg, Pa. His father came to Harrisburg about 1823, to learn the trade of coach- smith, where he married, and subsequently estab- lished a foundry, which he successfully carried on for a long period. His grandfather, William Jennings, raised a company in the Juniata Valley for the War of 1812-14, but died very suddenly before the com- pany left home. William W., the subject of this sketch, attended the public schools of Harrisburg until his fifteenth year, when he commenced to learn the trade of an iron-moulder in his father's foundry. From 1860 to 1875 he was engaged in the iron busi- ness. During the war of the Rebellion he raised the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment Penn- sylvania Volunteers, a nine months' regiment, and was in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellors- ville (see history of the One Hundred and Twenty- seventh Regiment, ante p. 202). Shortly after being mustered out of service the Gettysburg campaign opened, and Col. Jennings was placed in command of the Twenty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Militia. From 1864 to 1866, Col. Jennings served as sheriff of the county of Dauphin, and again from 1876 to 1878. Upon the death of Mr. Calder, president of the First National Bank of Harrisburg, in 1880, he was elected to that position, in which he continues, and is the president of the Commonwealth Guarantee Trust and Safe-Deposit Company. FRANCIS JORDAN. Francis Jordan, son of John and Jane Jordan, was born in Bedford County, Pa., Feb. 5, 1820. His father was of English and his mother of Irish parent- age, both highly esteemed for their intelligence and Christian virtues. He was educated by his maternal uncle, a Mississippi planter, at Augusta College, Ken- tucky, and at Franklin and Marshall CoHege, Penn- sylvania. He studied law, was admitted to practice, and soon after was appointed district attorney of Bed- ford County, and subsequently elected to the same position. At the outset his official conduct was able, his indictments being so accurately drawn that not one of them was quashed for informality. In 1850 he became the law partner of Alexander King, of Bedford, subsequently president judge, which rela- tions continued until 1861. In 1855, Mr. Jordan commenced his public career, and was elected to the State Senate for a term of three years. There he was made chairman of the committee charged with draw- ing a bill for the readjustment of legislative districts under a new apportionment, chairman of the Judi- ciary Committee, composed of some of the best legal talent in the State, and a prominent advocate of the bill authorizing the sale of the public works. He declined a re-election, and was soon after appointed one of a commission of three to revise the civil code, which duty was postponed on account of hostilities, and finally passed to other hands. He was also ten- dered the appointment of attorney-general of the State by the Governor, which he reluctantly declined by reason of the complications attending it. A pressing exigency called for a sudden concentra- tion of troops upon the central border and at Cumber- land, Md., in the fall of 1861. Upon the request of Governor Curtin, Mr. Jordan accompanied the noted Reserve Corps as assistant quartermaster, and while thus employed, without solicitation or even knowl- edge, he was appointed by President Lincoln pay- master in the army, and promptly confirmed, and served for two and a half years in Virginia, Mary- land, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Louisi- ana, during the last four months of which time being chief paymaster in the Army of the Mississippi, and disbursing during his entire term four million dollars, under a bond of only twenty thousand dollars, ren- dering a satisfactory account. Urged by Governor Curtin he resigned his position, and was appointed by him military agent of the State at Washington, where the manifold interests of Pennsylvania were ably represented, and under his management the claims of our soldiers were promptly examined and paid. The Legislature, recognizing his efficient ser- vices, passed an act conferring upon him the rank of a colonel of infantry. In 1866, Col. Jordan was chosen chairman of the Republican State Central Committee, and conducted the canvass with great ability and discretion, resulting in the election of Gen. Geary, who appointed Col. Jordan Secretary of the Commonwealth, in which capacity he served with ability for six years. In 1871, pending the agitation for the revision of the State Constitution, he wrote and published a paper advocating a revision and detailing his reasons, which was well received, and on the 19th of February, 1872, upon invitation, he delivered an address before the Social Science Association, of Philadelphia, and afterward in Pittsburgh, advocating thirteen amend- ments, covering the most vital defects of the old in- strument, twelve of which were adopted by the State -^, .^i^!^<^ schools, to which the good bishop has recently estab- lished a theological school. EDWARD L. SCHOFIELD, M.D. Edward Lane Schofield, son of Edward L. Scho- field and Susanna Force, was born Nov. 16, 1840, in Chester County, Pa. His father, of Scotch and Eng- lish descent, born Oct. 30, 1796, in Chester County, Pa., died May 30, 1865, at Reading, Pa., married Su- sanna Force, of Chester County, who deceased Dec. 29, 1878. They had children,— William, Rebecca, Jacob, Martha, Ellen (married Rev. H. A. Cleveland), Isabella (married Rev. John F. Meredith), Sarah, Edward L., and John W. Edward Lane was edu- cated in the public schools of the county, and at JACOB SHOPE, M.D. Jacob Shope, son of Abraham Shope and Eliza- beth Wasser, was born Sept. 6, 1819, in Lower Pax- tang township, Dauphin Co., Pa. His mother was the daughter of Dr. John L. Wasser, who was ship- surgeon on a Swiss vessel, and emigrated to America in 1769. His advantages of an early education were limited, and at the age of sixteen entered the office of the Gospel Publisher as an apprentice to the art of printing. He subsequently took charge of the office as foreman, then spent some time at Philadelphia, when returning to Harrisburg he there remained until the spring of 1840. He commenced the study of medicine with liis uncle, Dr. David Shope, and began the practice of medicine in 1842, and upon e ! ■- s i }>L' ''■•:■ '.veiiv. t : -..■-'-IVIC. He COD',, ' > '-jiir-^ ti" ■! h., • V ]■■: -^.'vv f jlllci:.! ,,;;, l>,'. . .1:1 lie;; ■■•■ •■ ..i./.r"'" ;; ' ; ■ An; ;,i V,. .!, At, ;,i 1, ' i ■ 1 > ''• .•;i;a' r'-i • i|,.-r'. ■,,;■ ■.'• li'i^ t:i'r i.i' V ■■:i';;i-:>>r iii r}. , ,r,,,, ■ ■'! ■•:■ 1 !.r,'l, -'iJCl ','.■;( . . !;.;(■■,'; i;i ,■'.■ i!..tn1 ■*'"*'^; v.vi; 4 4 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 599 the death of the latter located at Hummelstown, taking charge of the large practice left by the for- mer. Until 1865 he continued in the active prose- cution of his profession, and with much success. Dr. Shope married, in 1843, Esther Mann, daughter of E. J. Mann, of Hummelstown. Their children were Charles David (at the age of seventeen enlisted in Capt. Matthew's company of the One Hundred and Seventh Regiment Pennsylvania "Volunteers ; was severely wounded in the hip at Gettysburg ; subse- quently rejoined his command ; promoted sergeant- major of Col. McCoy's regiment; killed in front of Petersburg June 19, 1864), Elizabeth, Ernest Mann, Ada Esther, Agnes May, and Carrie Lenah. MAJOR H. J. SHEAFBR. Henry Jackson Sheafer, son of Michael Sheafer and Suaan Cloud, was born May 21, 1826, in Lancaster County, Pa. When about six years of age his father removed to what was then called " Bear Gap," now Wiconisco, in the upper end of Dauphin County. Here he resided with his parents, getting a few months' schooling during the winter season, until the age of fifteen, when he went to learn the drug busi- ness at Harrisburg. He continued in this employ- ment for four years, when he went to South Carolina and resided for some time in Columbia, the capital. Coming North, he settled in the town of Milton, Northumberland Co., and engaged in the drug trade. In 1848 he was married to America O. Wood, daugh- ter of Nicholas B. Wood. At the death of his father, he removed to the old home at Wiconisco, for the purpose of settling his father's estate. In 1856 he removed to Mendota, Dakota Co., Minn., where he engaged in the lumber business, in connec- tion with Eli Pettijohn and Franklin Steele, of Fort Snelling. They built a large mill at the mouth of the Minnesota River, and had extensive yards on the Minnesota River. In the fall of 1858 he was elected a member of the Minnesota Legislature from Dakota County, and for some time took an active part in the politics of the young State. After the breaking out of the war all business was completely paralyzed, and in the fall of 1861 he returned to Harrisburg. During the winter of 1861-62 he recruited a company for the One Hundred and Seventh Regiment Penn- sylvania Volunteers, and was mustered into service as captain of Company I. At the battle of Antietam his brigade fought in the noted corn-field almost fronting the Dunkard Church, and suffered terribly in killed and wounded. At one time, the line being driven back, both color-bearers were shot dead and left on the field. Capt. Sheafer, a:scertaining the fact, returned alone and rescued the colors, and rejoined his command without injury. On Dec. 21, 1862, he was commissioned major of the regiment. In the Gettysburg campaign, on the first day of the fight, shortly after Reynolds was killed, Maj. Sheafer was severely wounded, but did not leave the field until the afternoon of the third day's fighting. Early in the fall he rejoined his command and participated with his regiment in the many battles they were en- gaged in up to March 8, 1865 (the expiration of his term of service), and was mustered out. After the war he made Harrisburg his permanent home and engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1873 he was elected sheriff of Dauphin County, serving his term of three years. * HON". JOHN W. SIMONTON. John Wiggins Simonton was born in West Hanover township, Dauphin Co., in 1830 (the exact register of his birth is missing from the record), son of Hon. William Simonton, son of William and Elizabeth W., daughter of Rev. James Snodgrass. His preparatory education was received at the country school near Hanover Church, continued at the Strasburg Acad- emy, Lancaster County, then at Lafayette College, Easton, graduating at the College of New Jersey in 1850. His choice of profession was the law, and was entered as a student with Hon. Hamilton Alricks at Harrisburg, admitted to practice at the April term, 1853. With a very brief interval his residence has since been at Harrisburg. He married, July 8, 1856, Sarah H., daughter of George Kunkel, merchant, and Catharine Ziegler. It may be safely said of Judge Simonton that he never sought an office, his ambition was to be a thorough lawyer, and as such win success, and before ofiBce sought him he was considered a safe counselor as well as capable one. He was chosen district attorney in 1866. As soon as another oppor- tunity presented itself to honor him with higher sta- tion, his fellow-citizens chose him without serious opposition, in 1881, president judge of the Twelfth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, to succeed Judge Pearson. Every opinion handed down since he has held this important position has shown an intimate knowledge of the laws of his native State, of his lit- erary ability, acute perception of such facts as are necessary in considering cases, and in nearly every instance have been sustained by the higher court. GEORGE W. SIMMONS. George Washington Simmons, son of Robert Sim- mons and Sarah Ward, was born Feb. 17, 1814, in Lower Paxtang township, Dauphin Co., Pa. His father was a native of Paxtang, of English ancestry, and died about 1859, aged seventy-five years. He mar- ried Sarah Ward, daughter of John Ward and Eliza- beth Whitley, daughter of Capt. Michael Whitley, of Paxtang. She died at Dauphin at the age of sev- enty-three. The children of Robert Simmons and his wife, Sarah Ward, were George, Washington, John, Jane (married Samuel Fertig), Matilda (married ■ McCullough), Robert, and Mary (married Revere Het- zel). George W., the subject of this sketch, passed his 600 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. early years on his father's farm, came to Harrisburg in 1831, and learned chair-making, with George W. Boyd. After serving his apprenticeship, he began business for himself, which he carried on about ten years. He was for three years in charge of a packet- boat on the Pennsylvania Canal, and from 1849 to 1862, a baggage-master on the Pennsylvania Railroad. He was subsequently elected warden of the Dauphin County prison, a position he filled fourteen years, when he retired from active life. Mr. Simmons mar- ried in 1886, Elizabeth Bates, of Middle Paxtang, and their children have been : John (who died at Phila- delphia, in 1881), William Henry (d. s. p.). Major Oliver, Annie, Martha (married Nelson Kilgore), and Frank. ALEXANDER SLOAN. Alexander Sloan, son of Robert Sloan (1769-1833) and Sarah McCormick (1779-1843), was born Oct. 9, 1802, at Harrisburg, Dauphin Co., Pa. He was edu- cated in the private and select schools of Harrisburg, especially under that eminent mathematician, James Maginnis. He learned the trade of cabinet-maker with his father, and, after the latter's death, continued the business alone up to 1864, after that period for several years in connection with Mr. Boyd. Mr. Sloan married Sept. 19, 1833, Mary Todd, daughter of James and Sarah Todd, of Hanover. She died at Harrisburg on the 2d of December, 1871, in her sixty-third year, and their children were Robert (d. s. p.), Sarah (married H. Murray Graydon), Margaret A. (married Harry Shantz), and Isabella D. (d. .s. p.). ROBERT SNODGRASS. RobertSnodgrass, son of Benjamin Snodgrass (1791- 1861) and Ann Wilson (1797-1843), was born Oct. 12, 1836, in East Hanover township, Dauphin Co., Pa. He entered Lafayette College in 1854, and grad- uated in July, 18.57. He prepared for the study of the law in Virginia, in 1860 and 1861, and subsequently studied with John W. (now Judge) Simonton, and admitted to the bar of Dauphin County May 4, 1863. He was United States commissioner prior to 1871, prothonotary of Supreme Court, Middle District, from November, 1871, to January, 1882. Since Jan- uary, 1882, he has been deputy attorney-general of Pennsylvania. He was married, Deo. 25, 1866, to Anna E., daughter of William and Ann Peale, of Shippensburg, Pa., and their children are Frank Peale, Horace Wilson, Robert Davis, and Anna Mc- Nair Snodgrass. JOHN D. SNYDER. John D. Snyder, son of John Snyder and Eliza- beth Wert, was born Dec. 9, 1827, in Lykens Valley. His grandfather, Leonard Snyder, of German parent- age, was born in Lancaster County, and settled on a farm in Lykens Valley. He married Anna Maria Shott,ofthe valley, and had children,— John, Samuel, and Elizabeth. John married Elizabeth Wert, and they had among others Jacob, Leonard, John D., and Emanuel. The early life of John D. Snyder was spent on the homestead farm. At the age of seventeen he went to Berrysburg and learned the trade of an iron-moulder. On finishing his trade, he passed one year in working at his occupation in Pittsburgh, when he purchased an interest in the establishment of his former employer at Berrysburg, which business he continued. In 1863 he was elected a justice of the peace; in 1871 an associate judge of the county, and at the expiration of his term of ofiice re-elected to his former position, which he now holds. Judge Snyder married, in 1849, Hannah Lark, daughter of Christopher Lark, and their children were Sarah .lane (married Peter S. Bergstresser), Lewis F., Ann Mary, Edwin G., John T., Rachel B., Catharine E., Joseph H., and Arthur L., of whom five are living. Mr. Snyder has been a zealous friend to all measures for the advancement of the cause of education and the advancement of the industrial interests of his neighborhood. * REV. W. H. H. SNYDER. William H. H. Snyder, son of John Snyder (1812- 1856) and Jane Howe (1812-1844), was born Dec. 9, 1836, at McConnellstown, Huntingdon Co., Pa. In early life he attended the common school at McCon- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 601 nellstown, and subsequently was clerk in a dry-goods store, also in Read & Son's drug-store, in Hunting- don, and in the spring of 1855 entered the academy at Mercersburg, Pa., where he studied theology, and in tlie fall of the same year the Tuscarora Academy, of Juniata County, Pa. He taught school in the win- ter of 1856, and returned to Tuscarora Academy in the spring of 1857; entered Franklin and Marshall College, at Lancaster, Pa., in September, 1857, and graduated from that institution in July, 1861. He was pastor of the Reformed Church (English) at Akron, Ohio, from Jan. 1, 1864, to Dec. 16, 1864, and commenced his pastorate of Salem Reformed Church, Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 18, 1864. He was chajilain of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania in 1873, and chaplain of the Senate of Pennsylvania in 1876. He has been secretary of the Board of Missions of the Synod of the United States for ten years, also a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees of Synod for two terms (ten years). He married, April 20, 1865, Mary Naomi, daughter of Daniel and Mary Erisman, of Lancaster, Pa., and their children are Mary and John Paul. ELI SWAB. Eli Swab, son of Jacob Swab and Catharine Metz, was born the 7th of October, 1823, in Mifflin (now Washington) township, Dauphin Co., Pa. He was brought up on his father's farm, and received the limited education offered by the schools of the Lykens Valley region prior to the introduction of the com- mon-school system. He afterwards learned the trade of a tanner, but never pursued the business. He began merchandising at Williamstown, which he con- tinued for several years, but subsequently left it for farming, in which he is now engaged. He was elected one of the commissioners of the county of Dauphin in 1874, and re-elected in 1876, serving six years, an office he filled very acceptably. Mr. Swab married Nell Cooper, daughter of John Cooper, one of the representative men of the valley. CHARLES V. THOME, M.D. Charles Vesey Thome, son of Dr. Samuel H. Thome and Margaret Jeffries, was born June 16, 1889, in Palmyra, Lebanon Co., Pa. His father, born in 1806, in Manheim, Lancaster Co., Pa., practiced medicine forty-five years at Palmyra, and was not only a skillful physician, but popular in his profession and a lead- ing citizen, having several times been the Democratic nominee for Congress, but defeated on account of his party's minority vote. He died in 1880, and his widow survives. Their children were Dr. William, of Palmyra; Dr. Charles V. ; Emma J., married Dr. P. J. Roebuck, of Litiz, formerly State senator; John, and Samuel. Charles V. Thome, the subject of this sketch, was educated at the common school and at White' Hall Academy. He was reading medicine with his father as the Rebellion broke out, when he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment Penn.sylvania Volunteers, Col. W. W."Jen- nings. Upon being mustered out of service he re- sumed the study of medicine, and graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylva- nia in 1866. He practiced his profession one year at Palmyra, when he was appointed assistant physician in the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane at Har- risburg, where he remained four years ; then two years at Litiz, and in 1873 permanently locating at Early- ville, Dauphin Co. Dr. Thome married in 1875, Emma Early, daughter of M. Early, of East Han- * over. ALEXANDER F. THOMPSON. Alexander F. Thompson, son of Alexander Thomp- son and Isabella Penman, was born Dec. 7, 1845, in Pottsville, Schuylkill Co., Pa. His father was a native of Dolkeith, Scotland, where his life until his twenty-first year was spent, when he emigrated to America and located in Schuylkill County, Pa., en- gaging in the coal business. He died in December, 1873 ; was twice married,— first, to Isabella Penman, of Scotland, and had nine children ; second, Mary Bast, of Pottsville, and had eleven children. In 1857, the father having removed to Porter township, in that county, Alexander F. was employed either in labor upon the farm or in mills owned by his father. On Aug. 2, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, One Hun- dred and Twenty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Vol- 602 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. unteers, serving nine months. On the SOth of June, 1863, enlisted in Company E, Thirty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Militia, serving during the emergency. On the 20th of January, 1864, he joined Company G, Seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, in which he continued until the muster- ing out of the regiment, Aug. 23, 1865. Mr. Thomp- son resumed employment in coal-mines in various parts of the State until 1871, when after an interval spent in study and business he began the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1876. The same year he established himself at Lykens, where he has continued to re.side in the practice of his profession. Mr. Thompson was elected to the Legislature, session of 1881, and re-elected to that of 1883. He married, Oct. 24, 1872, Lizzie A. Hawk, daughter of William Hawk, of Wiconisco. * JOHN TILL. John Till, son of William Till and Catharine Miller, was born April 13, 1804, in the district of Kensing- ton, Philadelphia. His parents were natives of Phila- delphia, and he was the fourth child of ten sons and one daughter. Like his father, grandfather, and most of Ids male relatives, John was brought up a ship- builder, learning that trade with the Messrs. Vaughan, of Kensington. In the winter of 1834 he came to Har- risburg to build a boat for W. P. Orrick, of Reading, who was extensively engaged in transportation on the Pennsylvania and Union Canals. Returning to Philadelphia after finishing his contract with Mr. Orrick, he entered into partnership with James Main, a ship-builder of that city, and removed to Harrisburg in August, 1835, establishing a boat-yard at the foot of North Street, on the canal. At that period boat- building was the leading business at Harrisburg. About 1840, owing to want of proper facilities, the firm purchased a location on the west side of the canal below Mulberry Street, where they constructed a large basin connected with the canal on the tow- path, over which they built a draw-bridge. At this place they carried on the building of boats for many years. A large number of packet-boats were built by them. During the winter the packet- and other boats of Leech & Co.'s extensive transportation line were repaired, the number filling the basin and the canal from Paxtang Street to now Herr Street, from one winding bridge to the other. It may be here stated that Messrs. Till & Main constructed on the river-bank below Mulberry Street two boats and one BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 603 schooner for parties in New York City, which were launched in the Susquehanna during a rise and floated to the bay. In 1852 the firm erected a saw- mill adjoining their boat-yard, where they carried on a large lumber business. In 1853, Mr. "Main died, and for several years Mr. Till conducted the enter- prise alone, subsequently engaging i,n the coal trade a brief period, when he retired from all business pur- suits. He served one term in the old Borough Coun- cil, for sixteen years a member of the school board, and was elected county treasurer for one term. Mr. education as the schools there aflbrded. He subse- quently became the general agent of the Lykens Val- ley Coal Company, which necessitated his removal to Millersburg. He was thus employed until 1861, and four years later became identified with the Summit Branch Coal Company as their agent, when he con- structed the basin and pier used by that corporation in their extensive operations. For several years he was superintendent of the Wiconisco Canal. He was thus actively employed until 1869, when he retired from all business enterprises. He is now the presi- Till married, Nov. 6, 1825, Rebecca Rutter, of Phila- delphia, who died May 16, 1871, at the age of sixty- five years. Their surviving children are William B. ; Rebecca, married G. L. Suttie, of New York ; and Mary E., married David C. Burnite, of Harrisburg. FRANCIS WBNBICH. Francis Wenrich, son of Peter Wenrich and Su- sanna Umberger, was born Sept. 9, 1810, in Lower Paxtang township, Dauphin Co., Pa. His father, having been elected sheriff of the county, removed to Harrisburg in 1819, where Francis received such dent of the Millersburg Bank. He has ever evinced a keen interest in the growth and prosperity of Mil- lersburg, especially of its educational development. Mr. Wenrich married, in 1839, Mary Light, daughter of Squire Adam Light, of Millersburg, and their chil- dren were Isadore (married Mr. Stoner), Joseph, Mary, and Ellen. * BENJAMIN J. WIESTLIN6, M.D. Benjamin Joseph Wiestling, son of Samuel Chris- topher Wiestling and Anna Maria Bucher, was born Sept. 16, 1805, in Middle Paxtang, Dauphin Co., Pa. 604 HISTOKY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. He was educated in the public schools of Harrisburg, whither his father removed in 1811, and also in the old Harrisburg Academy. He began the study of medicine with his father, and subsequently continued under the instructions of his elder brothers, Drs. Sam- uel C. and Joshua M. He attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating from the medical department of that institution in March, 1827. He located at Middletown, Pa., where for over a period of fifty years he has been in the practice of his profession, and, although not as active as in his younger years, his skill is constantly brought into requisition. Dr. Wiestling married, June 23, 1831, Matilda Eveline Ross, a native of Georgetown, D. C, daughter of Andrew Ross and Hannah Templin. GEN. EDWARD C. WILLIAMS. Edward Charles Williams, son of Charles Williams (died 1835) and Rebecca Adams (died 1849), was born Feb. 10, 1820, in the city of Philadelphia. His father was a native of Philadelphia, his mother of Mount Holly, N. J., of Scotch parentage. The son was edu- cated in the public schools of his native city, then organized under the old Lancasterian system. He learned the trade of a book-binder with Jacob Snyder, completing it with Robert P. Desilver. He shortly after came to Harrisburg, where he established himself in business, firm of Clyde & Williams, book-binders and stationers. For several years they did the State binding and also published several important works. In December, 1846, upon the call for volunteers for the war with Mexico, Mr. Williams raised a company called the Cameron Guards, which were accepted and formed a part of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment. As the history of that company is a portion of the history of Capt. Williams, our readers are referred to the sketch relating thereto. Previous to going to Mexico he had been connected several years with the old Dauphin Guards, one of the finest military or- ganizations in the State, and was in service during the Philadelphia riots of 1844. Upon Capt. Williams' return from Mexico he was elected as an Indepen- dent, in 1850, to the oflSce of sheriff of Dauphin County, serving the full term. When the Rebellion broke out and a demand was made for troops. Gov- ernor Curtin sent for Gen. Williams, who had been commissioned several years prior brigadier-general of Dauphin County militia, and at once directed to or- ganize Camp Curtin, full particulars of which will be found in " Dauphin County in the War for the Union." Gen. Williams had the honor of being the first volun- teer mustered into service for the defense of the Union. After organizing Camp Curtin, he organized Camp Slifer at Chambersburg. He commanded a brigade during the three months' service, was with Patterson in the Shenandoah, and subsequently mustered out at Washington City. He was then appointed by Presi- dent Lincoln, through Secretary of War Cameron, colonel of the Lochiel Cavalry, directed to raise twenty-four companies of that branch of the service, which he accomplished in a very short time. Three battalions of raw cavalry it was difficult to handle, but by hard work Gen. Williams got his command into splendid discipline and drill ; went into camp at Jeflfersonville,' Ind., where he exchanged his Penn- sylvania horses for good Kentucky stock. After in- spection by Gen. Buford, he was ordered to the front under Gen. Buell. On reaching Green River, and when ready to cross that stream. Gen. Williams was directed to take the advance, but the same evening, the news of the capture of Fort Donelson obviating that movement, he was ordered back, and his com- mand cut up and distributed over Kentucky and Ten- nessee. His own regiment, the Ninth Cavalry, be- came very popular in that section with all classes of people, owing to their good discipline and behavior. Gen. Williams was at Henderson with his regiment when Buell and Bragg made their march into Ken- tucky; was ordered to Louisville without delay, and from thence to Crab Orchard, where he prevented Kirby Smith's cavalry from entering Kentucky at that point. His services in that campaign were in- deed arduous. Owing, however, to a question of rank, in which not only he but other officers in the volun- teer service were concerned, he peremptorily resigned and returned to Pennsylvania. Gen. Williams was twice married, — first, Jan. 16, 1843, to Selina Hetzel, daughter of John Hetzel, of Harrisburg; died May, 1865, at Harrisburg. He married, secondly, June 5, 1873, at Chapman, Pa., Mrs. A. E. Hetzel. Gen. Williams is now a resident of Chapman, Snyder Co., where he is engaged in merchandising. JOHN 0. WITMAN, M.D. John Otto Witman, son of Benjamin Witman (1774-1856) and Margaret Otto (died in 1843), daughter of Dr. John A. Otto, was born Jan. 11, 1802, in Reading, Pa., and was educated at private schools and the Reading Academy. He studied med- icine under Dr. Luther Reily, attended lectures at University of Pennsylvania in 1826-27, and received the honorary degree of M.D. from the University of Maryland in 1843. He commenced the practice of medicine in Harrisburg in 1827, and continued till 1832, when he removed to Gratz, Dauphin Co., where he practiced till 1837, when he returned to Harris- burg and associated himself with Drs. Luther Reily and E. L. Orth, which partnership continued till 1840. He then moved to Halifax, Dauphin Co., Pa., where he continued in an active and extensive practice till the fall of 1870, when bodily infirmity compelled him to relinquish all except office-work. He was a clerk in the surveyor-general's office under Gabriel Hiester during Shulze's administra- tion, and physician to Dauphin County almshouse in 1827-28. He was first married, April 17, 1828, BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. 605 to Caroline Orth, daughter of Henry and Rebecca Orth. She was born in 1811, and died in Harris- burg, Jan. 10, 1848. Their children were Dr. Henry Orth, Luther Reily, Edward Lawrence, and Re- becca Catharine, married Robert H. Moffitt, D.D.S. His second wife was Margaret S., daughter of Wil- liam Reed, of Dauphin County. JAMES WORRALL, C.B. James Worrall is a native of Limerick, Ireland, the son of John Worrall, of that city, merchant, who failed in business in consequence of some decree of the first Napoleon. He had cargoes of provisions on the ocean, and when the continental ports were closed against them they had to be sacrificed or rot in the ships, a fate which bankrupted their owner. He then emigrated to this country, and being a man of education be began teaching, in which occupation he succpssfuUy continued until his death at Philadelphia in 1845. He left a large family, of whom James, the subject of our sketch, was the eldest. The latter en- tered the establishment of Carey, Lea & Co., book- sellers, where he remained several years, when he secured a position on an engineer corps under Judge F. W. Rawle. The first rod Mr. Worrall ever held was on a railroad in Northumberland County in 1831, and, strange to say, the road was only commenced to be built in 1882, more than half a century later than its preliminary survey. He continued with Judge Rawle into 1832. In 1833, under Judge Benjamin Wright, one of the engineers of the Erie Canal, he assisted in making the survey.s and maps of the great St. Lawrence Canal, between Prescott and Cornwall. He then joined the engineer corps on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, where he remained two years. In the fall of 1835 he helped Col. Schlatter on a survey across New Jersey for a railroad from Trenton to New Brunswick, which, through the opposition of the Camden and Amboy Railroad, was never built. Mr. Worrall then took service on the James River and Kanawha Canal, under Judge Wright, consulting engineer, and Charles Ellet, Jr., constructing en- gineer. He was subsequently called back to Penn- sylvania by Hother Hage to make a survey over the Allegheny Mountains on a line from the Cumberland Valley to Pittsburgh. He was given the division from Bedford across the mountains as far as the Laurel Hill, a reconnoissance from thence to Greens- burg, and again a survey from the latter point to the Youghiogheny at the mouth of the Sewickly. This was in 1838, and here Mr. Worrall first showed his skill and judgment, but the fact of their existence was not to be discovered until some forty-five years afterwards, when the highest engineering ability of the year 1882 was called upon for an opinion on the location then made; they unanimously pronounced it the true location for the road, the South Pennsyl- vania, and adopted it without hesitation. There was some difficult engineering suggested by Col. Worrall east of Bedford, upon which the syndicate of engineers was called upon to pronounce, which also they unanimously approved. It is questionable whether it would not have been hard to find, in the early history of engineering, an engineer who, lo- cating a road upon a single examination, so marked it, as that the improved science of forty years later adopted it as the best without hesitation. Limited as these personal sketches are, we can only refer in brief to other points in the career of Col. Wor- rall. He was afterwards engaged with Milnor Rob- erts as principal assistant engineer in the Erie exten- sion of the Pennsylvania Canal ; in 1844 became in- terested with others in canal and railroad contracts in the United States and Canada. In 1850 he was chief engineer of the Union Canal, where he continued until the completion of its enlargement, when he became principal engineer on the western division of the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad. Upon the com- pletion of this work he returned to Harrisburg. After the year 1861 he acted as clerk in the quartermaster's department during the war. At the close of the Re- bellion he was again engineering across the State for projected routes to the West; afterwards on a canal survey in Illinois, returning to Pennsylvania in 1869, since which period he has been prominently identi- fied with the fishery commission of the State, and to him much that has been accomplished in that direc- tion is due. FRANCIS WYBTH. Francis Wyeth, son of John Wyeth and Louisa Weiss, was born April 6, 1806, at Harrisburg, Pa. He was educated at the Harrisburg Academy, and learned the art of printing in his father's office, subsequently entering Jefferson College, Canonsburg, from which institution he graduated in November, 1827. On his return home his father, who had con- ducted the Oracle of Dauphin thirty-five years, trans- ferred that paper to his son, which he edited and published several years. He also entered into the business of bookseller and publisher. At the time Mr. Wyeth took charge of the Oracle the Whig party had just come into existence, of whose principles and policy he was an enthusiastic supporter. Becoming, however, tired of an editor's life, he sold out the news- paper establishment about 1831, continuing his other business until 1859, when he disposed of that. In April, 1861, at the outbreak of the Rebellion, he was placed in charge of the quartermaster's department at Camp Curtin, where he continued until the gen- eral government assumed control over all the military organizations of the State. On the 20th of July, 1862, Governor Curtin ap- pointed him one of the commissioners from Pennsyl- vania to visit all the hospitals in the Army of the Potomac, in the interest of the volunteer soldiers of the State who were sick or wounded, and, as his com- 606 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. mission read, " to supply the wants of the suffering and needy as far as lies in your power, without in- fringing on any of the regulations or rights of the army, and assure each and all that their condition awakens the liveliest interest and sympathy of the people and Governor of Pennsylvania." Returning home, he reported the condition of the wounded sol- diers, with this recommendation, that where it is possible " those from Pennsylvania be transferred to hospitals in their own State, that they might be near to their friends and acquaintances." This was sub- sequently carried out during the continuance of the war. On Nov. 28, 1863, he was again directed to visit the various hospitals. For a long term of years he has been one of the trustees of the Harrisburg Academy, and since 1879 president of the same. Mr. Wyeth married. May 29, 1829, Susan Huston Max- well, daughter of William and Ann Maxwell, of Franklin County, Pa., who died Dec. 24, 1841, at Harrisburg, and they had among others William Maxwell, of St. Joseph, Mo., John, and Francis H., of Philadelphia. Mr. Wyeth married, secondly, Sarah C. Carson, daughter of Charles Carson, of Harris- burg, and their children were Charles C. (died in infancy) and Packer C, of Indian Territory. JAMBS YOUNG. James Young is a grandson of Peter Young, gentle- man, who resided near Sinking Springs, Berks Co., Pa., during the Eevolutionary war, who performed active service during that trying struggle, and whose patriotism was evidenced by the public recognition of the Continental authorities. On Dec. 14, 1776, he was commissioned by the Council of Safety of Phila- delphia second lieutenant of the Third Battalion of Berks County militia. The commission is signed by David Eittenhouse, vice-president. On May 17, 1777, he was commissioned by the Supreme Execu- tive Council of Pennsylvania second lieutenant of a company of foot in the Fourth Battalion of militia, Berks County ; and on May 10, 1780, he was commis- sioned by the same authority lieutenant of a company in the Sixth Battalion of militia, of the same county. Those were the days in which militiamen fought the battles of their country. James Young's maternal grandfather was David Ettla (son of David, who died in 1781), a native of Germany, who emigrated to this country about 1756, and settled at Middletown, Pa., where he pursued the occupation of a tailor for the greater part of his life. He was an important man in the history of the early settlement of that now prosperous borough, and was one of three commissioners appointed by the king of England to raise the necessary funds for the building of the old St. Peter's Lutheran Church, of Middle- town. While in the performance of the duties in- cumbent upon him in that position, he on one occa- sion walked from Middletown to Philadelphia, through what was then a desolate and almost im- passable section of the State. He married Magda- lena Oldweiler, also a native of Germany, and had children, — David, who married Elizabeth CroU, ol Middletown, settled at Covington, Ky., where he died leaving issue; Philip, who married Sarah Ea- denbaugh, pursued the occupation of a hatter in Mid- dletown, where his descendants still reside ; Conrad, a shoemaker by trade, who married Annie SmuUer, of Middletown, pursued his vocation in Hummels- fcown for some time, and died in 1836, leaving issue still in Middletown ; Jacob, who married Miss Hertz, of Harrisburg, and followed the calling of a shoemaker at that place, where he died leaving issue ; and So- phia, who married Peter Young. James Young, son of Peter and Sophia Young, was born at Swatara Hill, two miles east of Middletown, Pa., on July 25, 1820. His father, Peter Young, born Nov. 13, 1781, emigrated from Berks County, and passed the greater part of his life in the business of hotel-keeping. From 1820 to 1834 he was the pro- prietor of the stage-house on Swatara Hill, and on Feb. 1, 1835, took charge of the Washington House, Middletown, and kept it until his demise on Sept. 29, 1844. James Young enjoyed only a common-school edu- cation, and passed his earliest years of usefulness in assisting his father in the hotel business. At this early period he evinced a remarkable degree of ac- tivity and ambition, and willingly performed the most menial labor if it conduced to his pecuniary advantage. By close economy and a careful and abstemious course of living, he had accumulated in 1839 a sum of money sufficient for him to purchase a canal-boat, which he ran for one year between Holli- daysburg and Philadelphia. In 1840 he established a lumber-yard at Middletown, to which he subse- quently added the coal business, and for twenty-six years engaged in successful trade in these lines, at the same time furnishing supplies to the Pennsylva- nia Eailroad Company under contract. He was also the purchasing agent for the Northern Central Penn- sylvania Eailroad Company for a number of years, and during the late war engaged in laying a portion of the second track for that company, under contract. About 1859 he purchased a valuable limestone quarry at Leaman Place, Lancaster Co., which he still owns and operates, and from which he has furnished a large amount of stone for building the bridges and abutments for the Pennsylvania Eailroad Company. James Young is emphatically a self-made man. Though springing from good stock, he started out in life a poor boy, and has won his present proud place among the representative men of his State by faithful, earnest work and the exercise of indomitable pluck and resolution. He owns a large amount of real estate in Middletown and elsewhere, including the Washington Hotel, in which he began his business life, the opera-house, and divers stores and dwelling- Jnj7-'6v _±]il THE PRIDE OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. 607 houses. He takes an active interest in local affairs, and is identified with various local institutions and enterprises. He is president of the American Tube and Iron Company of Middletown, president of the Cameron Furnace of the same place, and a director in the Commonwealth Guarantee Trust and Safe De- posit Company of Harrisburg, of the Farmers' Bank of Middletown, of the First National Bank of Le- banon, Pa., of the Lochiel Eolling-Mill Company, and has been a director of the Harrisburg, Ports- mouth, Mount Joy and Lancaster Railroad Company for over twenty years. He is also a member of the State Board of Agriculture of Pennsylvania, by ap- pointment of the Governor, and vice-president of the State Agricultural Society. Though politically a Republican, he has always declined public position, feeling at the same time a warm interest in State and national politics. He is a regular attendant and supporter of St. Peter's Lu- theran Church, of Middletown. He married Ann, daughter of Isaac and Catharine Redsecker, of Eliza- bethtown, Pa., on June 8, 1843, and his children have been R. I. Young, residing in Baltimore, Md. ; Delanson J. (deceased) ; Catharine S., wife of H. P. Dunbar, of Harrisburg ; Sarah H. (deceased) ; James S., engaged in business with his father; Simon Cam- eron, civil engineer in the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company; and Henry P., residing at Co- lumbia, Pa. * JOHN W. YOUNG. John Wesley Young, son of Josiah Carothers Young and Catharine Mary Kinter, was born Oct. 11, 1846, at Rockville, Dauphin Co., Pa. He was educated in the public schools of Harrisburg, read law in the office of David Fleming, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar Jan. 21, 1868. From 1871 to 1874 he was clerk to the county commissioners, and from 1877 to 1883 solicitor of the county of Dauphin. He served as a member of the board of school control from 1876 to the present time (1883) ; was president of that body from 1877 to 1882 continuously, and is now secretary of that body. THE PRIDE OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. PeechANCE nowhere in the United States are there to be found a series of farms which, for all that rep- resents farming of the highest order in every detail, than those located near the borough of Middletown, and owned by Col. James Young, of that place. A faithful chronicler of the county could certainly not afford to omit proper and full notice of these examples of indomitable perseverance, enterprise, and energy ; and so widely noted have these farms become that we may justly style them the "Pride of Dauphin." It has not been an uncommon thing to have visitors almost every week from even the most remote States and Territories in the Union, comprising Presi- dents of United States, Governors of States, and dis- tinguished professional men in almost every walk of life, while they have been viewed and admired and appreciated by the titled nobility of Europe. These farms extend along the turnpike road two and a half miles, and along the line of the Pennsyl- vania Railroad about the same distance, running back about a mile, more or less, nine of them lying west of Middletown, in what is Lower Swatara town- ship, the others in Londonderry township, east of that town. There are eleven in number, named respec- tively Locust Grove, Sunset, Grand View, Eagle, White Hall, Thorndale, Eosedale, Roland, Oak Lane, Keystone, and Evandale, to which may be added a small place whereon are erected a number of houses, including a large tobacco warehouse, to which the name of Youngsportis given, and the same character- istics seem to control all, — method, system, neatness and order, superbly managed, and in the highest state of cultivation. The situation of this fine estate is so varied, with scenery so enchanting, that few land- scapes there be more magnificent for pen or pencil. These goodly acres did not come to their present owner by inheritance, nor all at one time. One farm after another has been added to the original purchase until over fourteen hundred acres, as rich and as well cultivated as any the sun shines on, are in his pos- session. They are specimens of "high art" in farm- ing, the results of care, thrift, and energy. Oak Lane, the homestead farm, is the better known to visitors, and it is a fair specimen of all the rest. Neat residences, with closely-mown lawns, capacious barns and outbuildings, whitewashed fences, well- kept gardens, well-cared-for fruit-orchards, all go to show that there is some master-spirit to direct and control. It is not alone " fields well tilled and barns well filled" which attract visitors, although these are important factors in Mr. Young's farming, for he farms to a purpose, and that is to see what he can make out of it. At Oak Lane is kept that splendid herd of Jersey and Alderney cattle to which Col. 608 HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Young has given so much attention, and which are at once his boast and pride. Here are found fifty-five milch cows, all of choicest strains, many of them im- portations, while the rest were grown by their pres- ent owner. We have seen many a choice herd, but never one like this. High breeding is seen in every animal. Their gracefully shaped heads, handsome bodies, and fine proportions are a sight to see. There they stand in their stalls, row after row, once seen not soon to be forgotten. Standing in straw up to their knees, some lying half buried in it, their coats are as fine and as glossy as a lady's sealskin coat. One can rub a white handkerchief over them without soiling it. Their stalls are so arranged that all filth is at once carried off" and the cattle left clean and sweet. In addition to the milking cows there are a number of head of young stock, from the calf a few days old to the graceful heifer verging into cowhood. There, too, stand the sires, three in number, worthy of the admiration they receive from all who see them. What these cattle have cost their owner the author does not know, but seventy odd cattle, worth from a hundred to a thousand dollars each, are in themselves a re- spectable fortune. In 1882 five thousand dollars' worth of milk from this dairy was sold in Middletown. The young stock is disposed of with equal readiness. The demand is much greater than the supply. Calves sell readily from one hundred to two hundred dollars. So it is seen this costly herd of cows is not merely ornamental, but kept for revenue, and perhaps return a larger per cent, on their cost than any of the farm- ing operations. All the stock purchased or raised is carefully registered ; its pedigree can at once be told, and owner and purchaser know all about the animal. The soiling system is pursued here. Until after hay- making they do not leave their stalls, except twice daily for water. All the'grass they can eat is cut and carried to them. They eat two large wagon-loads of it daily. It is hardly more trouble to do this than to look after the cows when turned out to pasture, while its advantages are many and obvious. It has been proved again and again by experiment that thirty- six acres of grass by the soiling system will easily support fifty head of cows, while the same number, if turned into a pasture-field, would in a month com- pletely use up the grass in a hundred-acre field, eat- ing it in part and destroying far more than they con- sume. The cattle themselves seem to thrive better by this system. All the doors and windows of the large barn where they are stabled are kept open. It is as light almost as out of doors; the cool winds of the early summer blow through it, and the tempera- ture is far more comfortable than outside. They seem to enjoy the situation thoroughly, and as one passes along, reading each cow's name on the large printed card above her stall, one can almost fancy they appreciate the admiration they excite. Oak Lane contains two barns, one for the fine-bred cattle, and the other for the fat stock. Overhead is the room where the feed is arranged and cut, run by steam. Corn-cribs are arranged on each side of the loft, and every other convenience for the proper dis- tribution of feed exists. A large tank holding four- teen hundred gallons of water, supplied by a wind- mill, is situated in the basement, and it has never failed to give a full supply. The hennery is a neat- looking building, with a good supply of " Plymouth Rocks," while the pig-pens, containing a cross between a Chester White and Berkshire, are admirable in their design and construction. In the sheep depart- ment, Mr. Young has pure-bred Southdowns and lambs, which are in a thriving condition. The steam- chest, wherein all the feed for the other establish- ments is cooked, is rather an ingenious and useful invention. It is a long, substantially-built box, about eight feet in length and four feet deep. This is placed on four wheels, and filled with the neces- sary quality and quantity of feed. The box is then run into a house alongside of the boilers, and steam- pipes are then attached. By this means it is pre- pared, and when ready for shipment four horses draw it to the different estates. It supplies enough to the eleven places, starting out every morning. As we have before remarked, Col. Young aims at big crops, and to get them he manures most liberally. He buys no manure and seldom uses fertilizers. In the winter of 1882-83 he fed two hundred and ninety- four steers; the year before he fattened three hun- dred and thirteen. Thirteen hundred very large loads of manure were the result. There is also the large tank, mounted on wheels, by which hundreds of barrels of liquid manure were carried out to those fields and places that seemed to require it most. Al- though he had out three hundred and fifty acres of corn, not a grain was sold, but large quantities were bought and fed. Last year more than six thousand bushels of wheat were sold, but not one ounce of straw. He has far more than he can use himself; the rest is given to others, and returned to him in the shape of manure. The three hundred and sixty acres of grass this season will give him a surplus of at least four hundred tons of hay above his own needs. Last year he sold three hundred and fifty tons. Every ton of hay and every sheaf of wheat was put into the barns, as was also nearly all the corn-fodder. No farmer needs to be told what a sav- ing both of time and money and material this is. All the work on these fourteen hundred and forty acres is done by thirty-six mules ; two of these do the dairy work besides. The land and barns lying close together permit of a great economy in this par- ticular. Double this number would be required if this land was held by a dozen owners. There is but a single driving horse on the farms. As wehave said before, no money is wasted on elaborate and costly dwellings. They are plain, neat, substantial, and in excellent repair, but there is nothing spent for show. The contiguous farms allow of great economy in the CIS SITUATED ONE MILE N. W. BOROUGH MIDDLETOWN, LOV SWATABA TP., DAUPHIN CO., ON A LINE OF PENNA, R. R. THE PRIDE OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. 60 9 matter of fences. The fields are very large. One grass-field contains one hundred and six acres. There are wheat-fields of seventy acres. One corn-field is nearly a mile long; it contains one thousand and seventy-seven hills of corn, three feet nine inches apart in the row, making a total length of row of four thousand forty-nine feet. That would have made long " throughs" in the days of scythe and cradle. It may be observed that the fields are cultivated within a few inches of the fences. The usual strip of two or more feet of vacant ground is absent along the rails. Every available inch is made to yield its tribute. A rough calculation shows that at least five acres have been reclaimed in this way. This is equal to a hun- dred and twenty-five bushels of wheat, %r its equiva- lent in some other crops, as the case may be. No feature struck the Duke of Sutherland more at his visit than this, who was accustomed to the hedge- rows and wide borders of England. The force of men employed the year through is thirty-five. In harvest-time the number is doubled, and these are always utilized in ditching, draining, and leveling. Hills are scraped down and low places filled. So large a number of men and animals are a great ad- vantage. When occasion demands, they can all be concentrated at a given point, and quick work made of a field of grain or grass. Twenty-three big loads of hay hauled into one barn in a forenoon is evidence of this fact. Of course machinery is employed wherever it can be in the hay- and harvest-fields. 39 It is not only faster, but is cheaper than hand labor. Tobacco is also grown ; only twenty acres in 1883. The yield, owing to the high farming, has been in- variably large hitherto. Col. Young grows his to- bacco crops in his fields. We may say that the owner, with his son as assist- ant, exercises personal supervision of all his farms. There are no renters or croppers. All is his, and all receives his careful attention. He keeps the run of his hands and the work, and knows exactly what is Keing done on each farm from day to day. Daily visits are made to every part of the estate, for he finds his highest pleasure in being the first farmer in the land. No wonder that the Duke of Sutherland, after going over the place, said that he had no idea there was such a tract of land between the Atlantic and Pacific. Not only is there not another such a farm or series of farms in Pennsylvania, but it has not its equal on the Western Hemisphere. We make the as- sertion fully aware of its widest meaning. We think we have seen some single farms in other sections of the country where the land was as well cultivated, the fences as good, the fields as clean of weeds, the grounds around the buildings as neat and free of rub- bish, the buildings as well kept, and the general order and thrift as good ; but we know there is not another tract of land over fourteen hundred acres in extent under one ownership that will compare with Ool. Young's, either in Pennsylvania or in North Amer- ica. INDEX TO HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Aborigines. (See Indians.) Academy of Harrisburg, blstory of, 365. Adame, President Jolin, addreas of citizens of Hari-ittburg to, and bis reply, 309. African Methodist Epiauopal Zion Church at Harriaburg, 348. Aldermen for city of Harrisburg, 286. Alhimmapees, kingof the Deliiwares, sketch of (note), 34. Alricks, Jamea, biographical sketch of, 461. Alricks, Hermanna, biographical sketch of, 462. Alricks, Hamilton, biographical sketch of, 558. Andaates, Siiequehanna Indians, ao called, 4. Annville, justices of the peace for, 282. Anthony's Wildernesa, 37. Antietam, battle of, X43. Apology of the Paxtang Volunteers, 73. Arliitrary arrests during the civil war, 140. Armstrong, John, murder of, 34. Assembly, conduct of during French and In- dian war, 61. members of, from Danphin County, 279. Asscssment-liat of Conestogoe, 17, 18, 21. Association of Liberty Company of London- derry township, 80. articles of, 80. of soldiers in War of 1812-14, 127. Aaaociators, orgariization of, 79. meetings of, at Lancaster, 94. Auchmuty, Dr. Robert, biographical sketch of, 555. Awl, Jacob, of Paxtang, biographical sketch of, 556. Ayrea, 'William, biographical sketch of, 463. Bachmanville, 422. Bailey, Charles L., biographical sketch of, 559. Bailey, Maj. Joel, biographical sketch of, 464. Bank note of 1816, 368. Banks and banking institutions at Harrisburg, 368, 373. Baptist churches at Harrisburg, 345. Bar, roll of members of, 265. reminiscences of members of, 270. Barnetts, of Hanover, incidents concerning, 424. Barnitz, John C, biographical sketch of, 464. Baskins, William, murder of, by the Indians, 439. Beader, Henry, Sr., biographical sketch of, 464. Beatty, Rev. Oharies, journal of, in 1756, 54. Beatty, George, biographical sketch of, 465. Beatty, James, biographical sketch of, 464. Beck, J. Augustus, biographical sketch 0f, 560. Bell, William, biographical sketch of, 465. Bell, Capt. William, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 89. Bent, Haj. L. S., biographical sketch of, 560. Benvenue, Isle of, 440. Bergner, George, biographical sketch of, 465. Bernbeisel, Peter, Sr., biographical sketch uf, 560. Berry'ri Mountain mills, 448. Berrysburg, sketch of, 464. justices of the peace for, 286. Bertram, Rev. William, biographical sketch of, . 466. Bethel township, justices of the peace for, 282, " Biscay axes," 8. Bigler, Samuel S., biographical sketch of, 466. Black, Andrew K., biographical sketch of, 561. Blasphemy, trial and conviction for, 260. Boas, Col. Frederick K., biographical sketch of, 561. Boas, Frederick, biographical sketch of, 466. Boas, Jacob, biographical sketch of, 466. Boas, William D., biographical sketch of, 561. Bombaugh, Aaron, biographical sketch of, 466. Bombaugli, Abraham, biographical sketch of, 467. Bombaugh, Conrad, biographical sketch of, 467. Bomberger, Rev. Jacob, biographical sketch of, 4C7. Bomberger, Jacob C, biographical sketch of, 561. Bowman, John F., biographical sketch of, 468. Boyd, Capt. Adam, biographical sketch of, 468. Boyer, George, biographical sketch of, 468. Braddock, Gen., defeat of, 41. Bridge, Harrisburg, erection of, 311. Briggs, John H., biographical sketch of, 469. Brisban, Capt. Jolin, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 84. biographical sketch of, 469. Brown, Mercer, biogi-aphical sketch of, 469. ' Brown, Capt. William, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 92. Bruas, Peter, biographical sketch of, 469. Brubaker, George M., biographical sketch of, 562. Bucher, John Jacob, biographical sketch of, 470. Bucher, John C, biographical sketch of, 470. " Buckshot War," account of, 130-133. Buehler, George, biographical sketch of, 471. Buehler, William, biographical sketch of, 471. Burd, Col. James, biographical sketch of, 471. battalion of, in the Revolution, 87-91. Burke, Michael, biographical sketch of, 472, Bushy Run, Col. Bouquet's victory at, 58. BuBse, Capt. Christian, letter from, concern- ing Indian outrages, 53. Caldor, James, biographical sketch of, facing 566. Calder, William, Sr., biographical sketch of, 472. Calder, William, biographical sketch of, 473. Cameron, Brua, biographical sketch of, 473. Cameron, J. Donald, biographical sketch of, 562. Cameron, John, biographical sketch of, 473. Cameron, Gen. Simon, biographical sketch of, 562. Camp Curtin, establishment of, 324. hospital at, view of, 325. Capitol at Harrisburg, commissioners appointed to fix ^ite of, 314. plana for, 315. corner-stone of, laid, 315. occupation of, 316. cost of construction (note), 316. Caricatures during Paxtang Boys' Ingurroc- tion, 68. Carl, J. R,, biographical sketch of, 566. Carothers, Capt. John, roll of company of, in War of 1812-14, 120. Carson, John, biographical sketch of, 474. Carsonville, 437. Census of Dauphin County, 1880, 372. Chandler, Jonathan, biographical sketch of, 474. Chester, Thomas M., biographical sketch of 566. Church of God at Harrisburg, 347. Churches at Harrisburg, 329-349. Clapham, Col., instructions to, for erection of Fort Halifax, 47. letter from, to Governor Morris, 47. Clark, Col. Robert, biographical sketch of, 474. Clark's Valley, an early settler in, 446. Cline, Philip, biographical sketch of, 475. Clothing, prices of, in 1740,38. Clyde, John J., biographical sketch of, 567. Collier, Capt. James, biographical sketch of, 475. Commissioners, county, list of, 280. ''Conditions and Ooncesaiona," by William Penn, 14. Conestogoe assessment for 1718, 21. Indians, perfidy and destruction of, 60. manor, 59. names of those killed, 72. teams, 321. Conewago Presbyterian Church, 420. township, history of, 421. justices of peace for, 285. Conference at Harrisburg in 1788, 113. Congress, members elected to First, 114. members, representing Dauphin County, 278. Conspiracy of Pontiac, 57. Continental money, 109> Cooke, Col. Jacob, biographical sketch of, 476. Cooke, Capt. Jacob, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 80. names of persons who took oath of allegi- ance before, 97. Coover, Dr. F. W., biographical sketch of, 667. Coover, Dr. Joseph H., biographical sketch of, 567. Coroners, list of, 280. Court-house, first, view of, 261. cost of, 260. Courts, early Dauphin County, 259. . reminiscencea of, 262, 270. Covenanters, 16. Cowden, James, biographical sketch of, 476. roll of company of, in the Revolution, 87. Cowden, Matthew, affidavit of, concerning bad character of Coneatoga Indians, 76. 611 612 INDEX TO HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. CowdeD* John W., Wogmphical sketch of, 556. Cowdeo, William Kerr, biographical sketch of, 567. Cox, Col. Cornelius, biographical sketch of, 476. Cox, John B., bii>graphical sketch of, 568. Crain, Col. Richard M., biographical sketch of, 477. roll of company of, in War of 1812-14, 121. Crouch, Col. Edward, biographical sketch of, 477. Crouch, Col. James, biographical sketch of, 477. Cuming, Francis, notice of Harrisburg in 1807, 309. Currency, local, fifty years ago, 321. D. Dauphin, name of, 112. borough, sketch of, 447. , justices of the peace for, 285. County, first purchase of lands included in, 32. formation of, 109. act for erection of, 111. in 1789, 112. in 1805, 118. tenth census of, 372. deposit bank, 373. Day, Wm. H., biographical sketch of, 668. Declaration of the frontier inhabitants, 65. of Capt. Lazarus Stewart, 6^. Deibler, Capt. Albright, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 90. Deutzel, Capt. John, biographiail sketch of, 478. Derry Church, history of, 413. ruins of, 413. Derry township, early warrantees of land in, 25. names of non-associatorsin, 101. justices of the peace for, 282, 283, 284. history of, 409. officers of, prior to 1785, 410. supervisors of, from 1785, 412. Derry village and post-oflice, 413. DeWitt, Rev. Wm. R,, biographical sketch of, 479. Dickens, Charles, at Harrisburg, 318. Dickey, Moses, affidavit coiicei^jing bad charac- ter of Conestoga Indians, 76, Dietrick, Capt. Jacob, roll of company in War of 1812-14,121. Dock, Dr. George, biographical sketch of, 477. Dock, Wm., biographical sketch of, 480. "Donegallians, terms for ye," 31. Dougherty, Philip, biographical sketch of, 480. Downey, John, biographical sketcli of, 481. Duncan's Island, early history of, 438. John Harris at, 438. Brainerdat, 438. Dunkle, Josiah A., biographical sketch of, 669. Durbin, Joseph W., biographical sketch of, 568. E. East Hanover, historical sketch of, 429. justices of the peace for, 282, 285. Eby, Jacob R., biographical sketch of, 481. Education at Harrisburg, 366. Edwards, Maj. Oliver, biographical sketch of, 481. Egle, Dr. William H., biograp^iical sketch of, 669. Elder, Jacob, biographical sketch of, 482. Elder, James, biographical sketch of, 666. Elder, Rev. Juhn> biographical sketch of, 483. characteristic letter of, relating to the Pax- tang Boys, 63. Elder, Col. Joshua, biugniphical sketch of, 482. Elder, John, Jr., biographical sketch of, 483. Elder, Samuel, biographical sketch of, 482. Elder, ThomaR, biographical sketch of, 484. Elder, Capt. John, roll of company in War of 1812-14, 122 Elder, Joshua, names of those who took oath of allegiance before, 96. Elizabethville, 459. Ellmaker, Amos, biographical sketch of, 485. Enterline, P. 0., 440. Entorline, Rev. John . Michael^ biographical sketch of, 485. Eppley, Daniel W., biographical sketch of, 670. Espy, Prof. James P., biographical sketch of, 485. Estherton, 408. Etter, Benjamin Frank, biographical sketch of, 571. Evangelical Association, churches at Harris- burg, 347. Excise, collectors of, 280. Eyster, Gen. Jacob, biographical sketch of, 486. F. Eager, Dr. Charles B., biographical sketch of, 572. Fager, John, biographical sketch of, 487. Fager, Dr. John H., biographical sketch of, 487. Fahnestock, A. K., biographical sketch of, 571. Fahnestock, Conrad, biographical sketch of, 486. Fahnestock, Obed, biographical sketch of, 486. Federal Constitution, adoption of, 113. conference at Harrisburg, relative to, 113. Ferm, Capt. George W., biographical sketch of, 488. Ferm, Samuel M., biographical sketch of, 572. Fetterhotr, Capt. Philip, roll of company of, in War of 1812-14, 121. biographical sketch of, 488. Fever at Harrisburg, 302. Findlay.Governor William, biographical sketch of, 488. Findley, Capt. Jacob, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 89. Finney, Isaac S., biographical sketch of, 489. Fire Department of Hiirrisburg, 359-64. Fisher, George, biographical sketch of, 490. Fisherville, 436. Flag on the citadel of Hexico, 136. Fleming, David, biORraphical sketch of, 573. Fleming, Jumes, biographical sketch of, 490. Fleming, R. Jackson, biographical sketch of, 490. Fleming, Robert, biographical sketch of, 491. Flint's, James, account of Harrisburg in 1818, 316. Foose, Prof. L. 0., biographical sketch of, 572. Forbes, Gen., victory over French and Indians, 67. Ford, John, biographical sketch of, 491. Fords over Swatara, 412. Forney, Rev. C. H., biographical sketch of, 672. Forster, Gen. John, biographical sketch of, 492. Forster, Col. Thomas, biographical sketch of, 493. Forster, Thomas, biographical sketch of, 493. Fortenbaiigh, Abraham, biographical sketch . of, 572. Fort at Halifax, 46. at Harris' Ferry, 49. at Hunter, 60. at McKee, 48. at Manada, 49. at Robinson^ 49.- Forts, chain of, erected, 43. Fox, John, biographical sketch of, 493. Franklin, Beiijaknin, conduct of during Pax- tang Boys' insurrection, 68. letter to Lord Karnes, 68. French directory, aggressions of, 308. French and Indian war, 39-78. officei-s and soldiers from Dauphin County in, 55. Frontiers, terrible state of, in 1765-56, 42-61. meeting of inhabitants of,,64. declaration of, 65. defense of, in the Revolution, 103. Galbraith, James, list of officers of battalion of, in 1747, 38. Gause, Lewis H., biographical sketch of, 574. Geary, Governor John, biographical sketch of, 493. Gerhard, Dr. J. Z., biographical sketch of, 676. Gettysburg, battle of, 144. Gillmor, Moses, biographical sketch of, 495. Government, act establishing seat of, at Har- risburg, 314. Graham, Capt. John, roll of company of, War of 1812-14, 123. Gran tvi lie, 430. Gratz borough, sketch of, 452. justices of tbe peace for, 286. Graydon, Alexander, sketch of tbe new county of Dauphin, 112. notice of mill-dam troubles, 302. . biographical sketch of, 496. Col. Alexander, biographical sketch of, 496, William, biographical sketch of, 497. Green, Innes, biographical sketch of, 498. Green, Col. Timothy, biographical sketch of, 497. battalion of, in the Revolution, 91. names of those who took oath..of allegiance before, 99. Gross, Daniel W., biographical sketch of, 575. H. Hage, Hother, biographical sketch of, 666. Haldeman, Jacob M., biographical sketch of, 498. Halifax borough, historical sketch of, 433. justices of the peace fur, 286. •fort, 46. township, historical sketch of, 432. justices of the peace for, 282, 283, 284. Hall, Dr. Henry, biographical sketch of, 499. Hall, Rev. William Maclay, biographical sketch of, 499. Hambrigbt, John, affidavit concerning bad character of Cone.'^toga In Hans, 76. Hamilton, Hugh, biogiuphical sketch of, 499. Hamilton, views on navigation of Susquehanna, 320, Hamilton, Maj, James, 107. Hamilton, T. Allen, biographical sketch of, 500. Hamilton, Adam Boyd, biographical sketch of, 675. Hammond, Dr. John W., biographical sketch of, 500. Hanna, Gen. John A., biographical sketch of, 501. Hanover township, early warrantees of land in, 27. Indian murders in, 53. names of those who took oath of allegiance in, 99. INDEX TO HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. 613 nou-aBBOciatoi-8 in, 102. history of, 422. churcti, liistory of, 430. HargiBt, Tliomas S,, blograpliioal sketch of, 576. Harris' Ferry, Indian treaty at, 46. ' fort at, 49. second Indian treaty at, 61. Burvi vore of Wyoming niaeaacre talce refuge at, 103. becomes the county-seat, 112. grant of fari-y riglit, 293. Han-ie, David, biograiihical slietch of, 601. Harris, Maj. David, biograpliical sltetch of, 601. Harris, Jolin, the Indian trader, settlement of, at Faxtang, 19. attempt to buru, 20. log bouse, 1720, 293. Harris, John, tlie founder, letters of, relating to Indian outrages, 42. mansion erected by, 294. lays out llarrisbnrg, 294. conveyances and grants, 295, 296. death of, 300. Hariis, George W., biograpliical sketch of, 503. reminiscences of the judges, by, 262. reminiscences of the bar, by, 270. Harris, Bobert, biographical sketcii of, 501. Harrisburg, conference at, 113. in 1805,118. artillerists, itinerary of, 120. justices of the peace for, 282, 283. aldermen for, 286. history of, 291. inhabitants in 1787, 297. BeT. Manasseh Cutler's account of, in 1787, 298. erected into a borough, 299. first taxaUles of liorough, 300. John Penn at, 298. Washington at, 301. Rochefuucald's notice of, 307. Cuming's notice of, 309, seat of government, removal to, 312-316. _ in 1818, 31B. visit of Lafayette, 317. Harrison convenlinn, lield at, 318. Charles Dickens at, 318. additions to, 323. incorporated »a a citj', 324. Prince of Wales at, 324. municipal oificers for, 324. efforts to supply with water, 320. churches of, :<29-:i49. newspapers at, 349-355. industries of, 356-369. fire department of, 359-364. school facilities of, 365-368. banks, etc., of, 368. Hartman, Dr. Paul A., biographical sketch of, 676. ' Hayes, Dr. J. B., biographical sketch of, 576. Hays, William W., biographical sketch of, 503. Hays, Samuel W., biographical sketch of, 603. Heidelberg, justices of the peace for, 282. Heisely, Frederick, biographical sketch of, 504. Heisely, George J., biogaphical sketch of, .504. Heller, John E., biogiapliical sketch of, 603. Henderson, Dr. James, biographical sketch of, 504. Henry, Capt. Gawin, roll of company of, War of 1812, 123. Hensel, Jacob M., biographical sketch of, 676. Herr, Andrew Jackson, biographical sketch of, 677. Herr, Col. Daniel, biographical sketch of, 604. Hertz, Bev. Daniel, biographical sketch of, 505. Hickok, John Hoy t, biographical sketch of, 506. Hiester, Augustus, biographical sketch of, 577. Hiester, Gen. Gibt'tiel, biographical sketch of, 605. High Schools of Harrisburg, 367. Hill, Samuel, biographical sketch of, 605. Hildi-up, William T., biographical sketch of, 678. Historical Society of Dauphin County, 371. Hoernerstown, 428. Hoffman, William, biographical sketcli of, 678. llolrnHn, Samiul, biographical sketch of, 606. Hume for tlie Friendless, 373. Hospital, City of Harrisburg, 369. Horter, George R., biographical sketch of, 506. Houser, Jacob, biographical sketch of, 506. Howell, GovemorEiohard, fttHarri8burg,-30l. Iloyer, George, biographical sketch of, 607. Hulings, Marcus, at Duncan's Island, 438. Hummel, Frederick, biographical sketch of, 607.. Hummel, Valentine, Jr., biographical sketch of, 607. Hummel, Hon. Valentine, biographical sketch of. 608. Ilummelstown. history of, 416. justices of the peace for, 286. Hunter, fort, 50. Ilursh, Dr. George R., biographical sketch of, 579. I. Ice flood of 1784, 294. Independence, war for, 78-109. early action of iniiabitants, 78. resolves of Hanover, 79. of Middletown, 79. rolls of companies from Dauphin County in, 82-107. Indian outrages, 39-78. depredations in the Revolution, 103. Indians, Susquehannas, 3. Shawanese, 5. manners and customs of, 5. rliaracter of, 6. implements used-by, 6. William Penri's account of, 10. ConeHtoga, so called, -59. Industries of Harrisburg, 356-369. Ireland, settlement of Scots in, 15. emigration from, 17. J memorial to Governor Shute, of Massachu- setts, from persons in, 16. Iroquois Indians, their war upon the Susqne- hannas, 4. Irwin, Philip, biographical sketch of, 508. Islands in the Susquehanna : Shelly's, Elliott's, and Hill, 421. Giemson's, 132. Duncan's, history of, 438. ' Haldeman's, 440. J. Jackson township, history of, 436. justices of the peace for, 283, 284. Jacksonville, 437. Jefferson township, history of, 436. Jennings, Col. W. W., biography of, 680. action of as sherifl' during the railroad . riots, 325. Jewish synagogue at Harrisburg, 347. Johnson, Capt. John B., biographical sketch of, 608. Johnson, Ovid F., biographical sketch of, 608. Jones, Andrew J., biographical sketch of, 509. Jones, Uriah J., biographical sketch of, 509. Jordan, Benjamin, biographical sketch of, 510. Jordan, Col. Francis, biographical sketch of, 680. Judges, president, 261, additional-law, 261. associate, 262. reminiscences of, 2B2. Jury, Abraham, biographical sketch of, 610. Justices of the pence, list of for towns and townships, 282-286. K. Keefer, Maj. John B., biographical sketch of, 581. Kclker, Fred., biographical sketch of, 611. Eelker, John, biographical sketch of, 512. Kelker, Rudolph P., biographical sketch of, 681. Keller, Bev. Emanuel, biographical sketch of, 512. Keller, John Peter, biographical sketch of, 612. Kemp, Dr. Agnes, biographical sketch of, 683. Keudig, Walter H., biographical sketch of, 583. Kepner, William H., biographical sketch of, 612. Kerr,. Bev. William, biographical sketch of, 513. Killinger Post-Oflice, 443. Knight, Capt. Richard, roll of company of, in war of 1812-14, 124. Koppenhoffer, Capt. Thomas, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 91. Kunkel, Christian, biographical sketch of, 613. Kunkel, John C, biographical sketch of, 614. Kuntz, Benjamin, biographical sketch of, 614. L. Lafayette, visit of, to Pennsylvania, 317. Laird, Samuel, biographical sketch of, 6lS. Lancaster County, act for erecting, 31. early political contests in, 32. Lancasterian schools, 367. Land, surveys and prices of, 22. warrantees of, iu Paxtnng township, 23. warrantees of, in Derry township, 25. warrantees of, in Hanover township, 27. warrantees of, in Upper Paxtang township, 29. Landis, Joseph H,, biographical sketch of, 583. Landis, Samuel, biographical sketch of, 616. Landis' mill-dam, 302. LaBoss, Professor David H. E., biographical sketcli of, 515. Lauman, William, biographical sketch of, 616. Lawrence, Samuel M., biographical sketch of, 616. Lawrence, William C. A., biographical sketch of, 516. Lawyers, early, 269. squib concerning, 260. Lebanon in 1805, 119. township and borough justices of the peace for, 282. Lee's invasion, war for the Union, 141, 144. surrender of, 147. Leroy, Anna Mary, affidavit concerning char- acter of Conestoga Indians, 76. Lincoln, Presilent, assassination of, 146. obsequies of, at Harrisburg, 147. Liudley, Thomas, death of, 33. Linglestown, sketch of, 406. Lochman, Rev. John George, biographical sketch of, 516. Londonderry township, history of, 419. Association of Liberty, company of, 80. names of those who took oath of allegiance in, 97. justices of the peace for, 282, 283, 285. Loomis, Anthony W., biograpliical sketch of, 517. 614 INDEX TO. HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. Louiaburgb, Harris' Ferry so named, 297. Lower I'axtang, history of, 406. justices uf tlie peace for, 283, 284. Lower Swatara. history of, 391. justices of tlie peace for, 284. Tintheran ohurehes at Harrisburg, 333. Lycans, Andrew, adventures of, 449. Lyliens borough, history of, 456. justices of the peace for, 286. Lykens township, history of, 452. ' justices of the peace for, 282, 283, 284. ' Lykens Valley, history of, 448. Lytje's Ferry, 432. M. McAlarney, M. W., biograplilcal sketch of, 584. McAllister, Capt. Archibald, roil of company of, in Hartley's regiment of the Revolution, 105. McCammon, James, biographical sketch of, 617. McCammon, John, biographical sketch of, 617. McCormick, James, Sr., biographical sketch of, 618. McCormick, Henry, biographical sketch of, 584. McCormick, James, Jr., biographical sketch of, 684. Maclay mansion, view of, 366. Maclay, William, biographical sketch of, 618. McConkey, Maj. Elbritige, biographiral sketch of, 585. MoCreath, Andrew S., biographical sketch of, 585. McCallon, Capt. Robert, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 93. Mclfhenny, Capt. Thomas, roll of company of, in War of 1812-14, 124. McFarland, Col. George P., biography of, 686. Mcllhenny, Samuel, biography of, 686. McKee, Fort, 48. McKinney, Mordecai, biography of, 620. MoQoown, Capt. Richard, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 92. Mahanoy, or Ponii's Creek, murder of inhabi- tants on, 43. Mahcr, Rev. Pierce, biographical sketch of, 620. Maloney, Capt. Thomas F., biography of, 686. Manada Furnace, 430. Manada Hill, 429. Manadaville, 429. Manady, Fort, 49. Manning, Capt. Richard, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 89. Manor of Paxtang, 291. Marshall, Capt. John, roll of company of, 'in the Revolution, 86. Matamoi:a8, sketch of justices of peace for, 285. Matheson, George, biographical sketch of, 586. roll of company in State Regiment, 102. Matter, Dr. George F., biographical sketch of, 587. Meetoh, Joan, biographical sketch of, 520. Methodist Kpiscopal churches of Harrisburg 341. Meyers, Benjamin F., biographical sketch of, 687. Middle Paxtang township, history of, 446, 448. justices of the peace for, 283, 284. Mifflin township, sketcli of, 463. justices of the peace for, 283, 284. Miles, Capt. Nathaniel, instructions to, 48. Militaiy organizations in 1786-90, 114. Miller, Jacob F., biographical sketch of, 587. Miller, William H., biographical sketch of, 621. Millersburg borough, history of, 444, 446. justices of the peace for, 286. Mill-dam excitement, .302, 307. Miner, Charles, the liistorian of Wyoming, opin- ion concerning the Paxtang Boys, 7"i. Minsker, Ludwig, adventures of, 446. Mish, Br. George F., biographical-sketch of, 688 Mitchel, Andrew, biographical sketch of, 621. Mitchell, Rev. A. D., biographical >^etch of, 621. Mitchell, Williajn, biographical sketch of, 588. Moorhead, Capt. John B., rolUof company of, in Warof 1812-14, 125. Mowry, Charles, biographical sketch of, 522. Muench, Charles Edward, biographical sketch of, 522. Murphy, Timothy, notice of, 439. Murray, Capt. Jaines, biographical sketch of, 622. Murray, Capt. John, biographical sketch of, 623. roll of company of, in the Revolution, 85. Myers, Dr. H. K., biographical sketch of, 589. BT. Names, Indian, in Dauphin County, 12. Neagley, John, biographical sketch of, 590. New Jersey troops at Harrisburg in 1794, 302. Newspapers at Harrisburg, 349-355. Nicole, French Indian trader at Paxtang, arrest of, 19. Nininger, Antoine, biographical sketch of, 623. Nisley, Joseph H., biographical sketch of, 690. Notaries public, 281. O. Oakdale, 469. ^^ Oaths of allegiance, names of those who took, 95. from Paxtang township, 96. from Londonderry township, 97. Hanover, 99. O'Connor, Dr. Mortimer, biographical sketch of, 601. Olficers and soldiers in French and Indian war, 65-78. of the Revolution, 78, 109. Whiskey Insurrection, 116. War of 1812-14, 120-130. war with Mexico, 137. in the Rebellion, general, 148-244. ^ in First Regiment, 151. Second Regiment, 151. Tenth Regiment, 163. Fifteenth Regiment, 164. Twenty-fifth Regiment, 164. Thiity-fifth Regiment, 166. Forty-flrst Regiment, 166. Forty-fourth Regiment, 157. ■' Forty-sixth Regiment, 168. Fifty-fourth Regiment, 163. Fifty-fifth Regiment, 167. Seventy-seventh Regiment, 172. Eightieth Regiment, 173. Eighty-fourth Regiment, 180. Eighty-seventh Regiment, 185. Ninety-second Regiment, 188. One Hundred and Fii-st Regiment, 201. One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment, 202. One Hundred and Sixty-third Regi- ment, 213. One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Regiment, 216. One Hundred and Seventh Regiment, 218. One Hundred and Thirteenth Regi- ment, 223. One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment, 225. One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regi- ment, 226. ■ Two Hundredth Regiment, 227. - Two. Hundred and First Regiment, 228. Two Hundred and Fifth Regiment, 239. One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Regi- ment, 241. of the militia of 1862, 246-'i0.i. First Regiment, 246. Sixth ReKiment, 261. independent companies, 263-256. of the militia of 1863, 265. Twenty-sixth Regiment, 255. Thirty-sixth Regiment, 257. Thirty-seventh Regiment, 258. Independent Compiinies, 257,269. Officers for Paxtang township from 1759 to 1786, 289. Derry township from 1759 to 1786, 410. Londonderry township from 1769 to 1785, 419. Hanover township from 1769 to 1785, 426. Oracle of Danphin, copy of extract giving news of peace with England, 127. Orphans' Court, clerks of, 280. recorders and clerks of, 280. Orth, Adam H., biographi-al sketch of, 523. Orth, Dr. E. L.., biographical sketch of, 623. Orth, Henry, biographical sketch of, 623. P. Pack-horse transportation, 320. Patterson, Galbraith, views on the mill-dam troubles, 603. Patterson, Gen. Robert, recollections of Buck., shot war, 133. tatton. Dr. W., biographical sketch of, 524. Paxtang Boys' Insurrection, history of, 59-78. defense, 66. march to Philadelphia, 66. pamphlets relating to, 67, 77. men at Wyoming, In 1770, 71. Paxtang Church, history of, 394. view of, 394. Paxtang township, early warrantees of land in, 23. names of those who took oath of allegiance in, 96. non-asBociators In, 101. historical sketch of, 286. officers for, from 1769 to 1784, 289. Paxton Post-offlce, 444. Peacock, James, biographical sketch of, 524. Pearson, Hon. John J., biographical sketch of, 591. Peflfer, Henry, biograpbicnl sketch of, 525. Petere, Benjamins, biographical sketch of, 692. Penn, John, at Harrisburg, 298. Penn, William, account of the Indians, 10. " Conditions and Concessions," 14. Pennsylvania, Penn's settlement of, 14. proposals for a second settlement in, 17. removal of seat of government of to Har- risburg, 312. State Agricultural Society, 372. " Pilgrims' Rest," 37. Pitcairn, Dr. Hugh, biographical sketch of, 693. Pontiao, conspiracy of, 67. Porter, Gen. Andrew, biographical sketch of, 626. INDEX TO HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. 615 Porter, Governor David R., biographical sketch of, 526. Forter, George .Bryaii, note relating to, 626. Porter, James Madison, note relating to, 527. Porter, Roberts, note relating to, 527. Post-office and postmasters, 370. Potter, Geii. Jnmea (note), biogrnphical sketcli of, 477. Potts, Sliu-y, biogniphical sketch of, 528. Presbyti-riiiii clmrohes at Harrisbirg, 336. Prince of Wales, visit to Harrisburg, 324. Produce, value of, in 1740, 38. Protestant Episcopal Church at Harrisburg, 343. Prothoiiotaries, list of, 280. Provincial Assembly, conduct of, 61. authorities, conduct of, 72. Public buildings at Harrisburg, 369. Puglia, James Ph., biograpliical sketch of, 529. Pumpkins, flood of, 178G, 297. Q.. Quarter Sessions, clerk of, 280. K. Biiliter, Dr. C, A., biograpliical sketch of, 593. Bailroad, Harrisburg and Lancaster, 321. Cumbei-land Valley, 322. Pennsylvania, 322. Northern Ceuti'al, 322. Lebanon Valley, :i22. Dauphin and Susquehanna, 322. Steelton Branch, 322, South reniisylvanin (Vanderbilt), 322. Eailroad riots of IbTV, 325. Eailroads, early, 321; Kamsey, Thomas, biographical sketch of, 529. Eawn, Charles C, biographical sketch of, 529. Eebellion, history of, in 18U1-05, 130, 259.. rolls of. (See Officers and Soldiers.) Eeed, Adam, letters from, relating to Indian outrages, 52, 53. Keed, Capt. John, of Paxtang Boys, notice of, 72. Capt. John, roll of company of, in the Re- volution, 90. Beed township, historical sketcli of, 437. justices of the peace for, 285. Eeformed churches at Harrisburg, 329. Eegisters and recorders of county, 280. of wills, 28U. Kehrer, Thomas J., biographical sketch of, 530. Eeily, Dr. Luther, biographical sketch of, 530. Eeligious liberty, law of, 15. Eevolution, war of the, 78-109. Eife, Jacob, biographical sketch of. 593. Biugland, Dr. John, biographical sketch of, 594. Bitner, Governor, proclamation of, during the "Buckshot war," 131. Boad from Lancaster to Harris' Ferry, 33. Koan, Kev. John, biograiihical sketch of, 530. Koberts, Dr. K. W., biographical sketch of, 530. Eoberts, Col. John, biographical sketch of, 631. Eobinson's, fort at, 49. Eobinson,BeT.TIioniasH., biographical sketch of, 594. Bochefouoauld, Duke de, at Harrisburg, 307. ■BockfUle, 409. Bodgern, Capt. James, roll of company of, m the Eevolution, 93. action of, in, 108. Koman Catholic churches at Harrisburg, 34o. Eoop Kev. Jacob, biographical sketch of, 631. Eoss,'Eei'. Joseph, biographical sketch of, 531. Boss' Eobert J., biographical sketch of, 531. Bush township, historical sketch of, 436. iuBtices of the peace for, 284. Bittherford, Aboer, biographical sketch of, 695. Eutherford, Capt. John B., biographical sketch of, 596. Eutherford, Capt: John, roll of company of, in the Revolution, 95. roll of company of, for frontier defense, 104. Eutherford, Dr. Levi, biographical sketch of, 632. Eutherford, Col. William, biograjihical sketch of, 532. Eutherford, Capt. Johu P., biographical sketch of, 657. Rutherford, Dr. W. W., biographical sketch of, 557. S. Sallade, Simon, biograpliical sketch of, 532. Saukey, RUv. Richard, pastor of Hanover, members of congregation of, murdered by Indians, 53. Savage, James, biographical sketch of, 533. Schofield, Dr. E. L., biographical sketch of, 598. Scotch-Irish, who were they? 15. inttiience feared, 33. Sees, Maj. Oliver W., biographical sketch of, 533. Sees, Capt. William E., biographical sketch of, 634. Seller, Dr. Christian, biographical skelcli of, 534. Seller, Dr. Jeremiah, biographical sketch of, 534. Senate, members of, 279. Shaefer, lUichael, biographical sketch of, 635. Shaefer, Maj. H. J., biographical sketch of, 599. Slianinio, William, biographical sketch of, 535 . Shanaban, Et. Bev. J. F., biographical sketch of, 597. Shawanese Indians, 6. Sheesley, Daniel, biographical sketch of, 635. Shellsville, 420. Sherer, Capt. Joseph, biographical sketch of, 53ii. roll of company of, in the Bevolntiun, 88. Sheriffs, list of, from Dauphin County, 280. Shinplasters, fac-similes of, 368, 387. Shock, John, biographical .-ketch of, 636. Sliocli, Col. Samuel, biographical sketch of, 690. Shoop's Church, sketch of, 407. Sliope, Dr. Diivid, biographical sketch of, 536. Shops, Dr. Jacob, biograpirical sketch of, 598. Sliuuk, Governor Francis E., biographical sketch of, 537. Shunk, James F., biographical sketch of, 538. •Simmons, George W., biographical sketch of, 699. Simmons, Cul. Seneca G., biographical sketch of, 638. Simon, David, biographical sketch of, 638. Simonton, Ecv. Aslibel Green, biogra||)iical sketch of, 53y. Simonton, John W., biographical sketch of, 569. Simonton, Dr. William, biographical sketch of, 639. Simonton, Dr. William, the younger, bio- graphical sketch of, 540. Simpson, Capt. John, biographical sketch of, 640. Slavery, abolition of, in Pennsylvania, 104. Slaves, register of, 104. Sloan, Alexander, biographical sketch of, 600. Smith, Capt. Matthew, roll of company of, in the Eevolution, 83. Smith, Capt. Isaac, roll of company of, in War of 1812-14, 125. SmuU, John A., biographical sketch of, 640. Smuller, George, biographiatl sketch of, 541. SnodgrasB, Eev. James, biographical sketch of, 642. Snodgrass, Eobert, biographical sketch of, 600. Snyder, Charles A., biographical sketch of, 642. Snyder, John D., biographical sketch of, 600. Snyder, Rev, William H. H,, biographical sketch of, 000, "Soldiers' Rest," .324. South Hanover township, sketch of, 428. justices of the peace for, 285. Spangenberg, Bishop, journal of, 37. Stecher, Eev. Henry G , biograiihical sketch of, 542. Steelton, history of, 400. justices of the peace for, 285. public school, 4u4. Steel-works, Pennsylvania, historical sketch of, 401. Stephens, Alexander, of Hanover, affidavit conceiniiig character of Conestoga Indians, Stewart, Capt Lazarus, leads the Paxtang boys, 62. reward offered for arrest of, 69. declaration of, 69. takes sides with Connecticut settlers, 70. Surveyors, deputy, 280. Susquehanna Indians, 3. Susquehanna Elver, improving, navigation of, 319. steamboats on, 319. report on sloop and steamboat navigation on, 320. draught of, in 1701, 18. Susqueiiaiina township, historical sketch of, 408. justices of the peace for, 283, 284. Swab, Kly, biographical sketch of, 601. Swataia township, history of, 393.J list of justices of peace fur, ::82, 283, 284. Thome, Dr. Charles V., biographical sketch of, 601. Thompson, Alexander F., biographical sketch of, 601. Thurnstein (Peter's Mountain), .37. Till, John, biographical sketch of, 602. Tiuian, Col. Burd's residence, view of, 393. Todd, -Capt. James, roll of company of, in War of 1812-14, 126. Treasurers of the county, 280. TJ. Umberger, Dr. David, biographical sketch of, 543. Uniform of Pennsylvania volunteer, in War of 1812-14, 119. Union Canal, 116. Union Deposit, 428. Uniontown borough, sketch of, 455. justices of the peace for, 286. United Brethren churches at Harrisburg, 347. Upper Paxtang township, early warrantees of land in, 29. names of non-associators in, 102. justices of the peace for, 282, 283, 284. history of, 441. officers of from 1769 to 1786, 443. Verheke, Dr. James, biographical sketch of, 543. Verbeke, William K., notice of enterprise of 323. " Verbeketown," 323. 616 INDEX TO HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. w. Walker, Oapt. Andrew, of the new Eleventh, roll of, in the Bevolutiun, 106. Walker, Capt. Thomas, roll of company of, in War of 1812-14, 126. biographical eketch of, 643. Wallace, Capt. Beujumin, biographical aketch of, 643. Wallace, Rev. Benjamin J., biographical sketch of, 544. Wallace, Gon. James, biographical sketch of, 544. Wallace, Joseph, biographical sketch of, 645. Wallace, William, biographical sketch of, 545. War, French and Indian, 39-78. of the Revolution, 78-109. of 1812-14, 120-130. Mexican, 134-130. of the Rebellion, 139-269. Washington, Gen., at Harrisburg in 1794, 301. Washington township, sketch of, 458. justices of the peace for, 285. Washington Square, 459. Water, early efforts to supply Harrisburg with, 326. Water-works of Harrisburg, 328. Waugh, Rev. Beverly R., biographical sketch of, 545. Wayne township, history of, 440. justices of the peace for, 286. Weaver, Capt. Martin, roll of company of, in the Revolutiou, 107. Weir, James W., biographical sketch of, 546. Weir, Capt. Samuel, biographical sketch of, 646. Weir, John A., biographical sketch of, 546. WeisB, Adam, biographical sketch of, 646. Weiser, Conrad, conference with Indians con- cerning murder of ArmBtrong,'35. Wenricb, Francis, biographical sketch of, 603. Wenrich, Peter, biographical sketch of, 547. West Hanover tuM-uship, sketch of, 429. justices of the peace for, 282, 283, 285. Whiskey Insurrection, journal of Capt. Samuel Dewees, 117. troops from Dauphin County in, 116. troops at Harrisburg, 301. Washington at Harribburg during, 301. Whitefield in America, 38. Whitehill, George, biographical sketch of, 547. Whitley, Capt. Michael, biographical sketch of, 547. Wiconisco, town of, 458. Wiconieco township, 455. justices of the peace for, 285. Wiestling, Benjamin J., biographical sketch of, 603. Wiestling, George P., biographical sketch of, 550. Wiestling, Rev. Jacob H., biographical sketch of, 550. Wiestliug, Dr. Joshua M., biographical sketch of, 549. Wiestling, Dr. Samuel C, biographical sketch of, 547. Williams, Gen. E. C, biographical sketch of, 604. roll of company of, in Mexican war, 137. Williams township, sketch of, 460. juijtices of the peace for, 285. Williamstown, sketch of, 460. Williard, John Peter, biographical sketch of, 350. Wilson, Capt. James, of Derry, biographical sketch of, 551. Wilson, Thomas, biographical sketch of, 661. Wilson, Thomas L., biographical sketch of, 651. Winebrenrior, Rev. John, biographical sketch Ql, 631 . Witnian, Dr. John 0., biographical sketch of, 604. Wolf, Governor George, biographical sketch of, 562. Wood, Nicholas B., biographical sketch of, 5.52. Worley, Thomas, biographical sketch of, 553. Worrall, Col. James, biographical sketch of, 605. Wright, Maj. John, biographical sketch of, 564. Wyeth, Francis, biographical sketch of, 605. Wyeth, John, biographical sketch of, 564. Wyoming Massacre, survivors of, take refuge at Harris' Ferry, 103. .- Y. Yorktown campaign, 107. Young Men's Christian Association at Harris- burg, 373. Young, Col. James, biographical sketch of, 606. farms of, 607-9. Young, Josiah C, biographical sketch of, 555. Young, John W., biographical sketch of, 607. Z. Ziegler, Col, George, biographical sketch of, 665. Zinn, George, biographical sktteh of, 666. HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF LEBANON IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA: BIOGEAPHIOAL AE"D GEI^fEALOGIOAL. BY WILLIAM HENEY EGLB, M.D., M.A., AUTHOR OF "history OF PENNSYLVANIA." TO OF THIS RECOED OF THE COUI^TY AND TOWN HE LOVED SO "WELL IS SINCEEELT DEDICATEn. CONTENTS OF HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. CHAPTER I. PAGE The Aboriginal Inhabitants— Indian Names— Purchase of 1732— Prices of Lands..... 3 CHAPTER II. The Early Warrantees of Land — Lebanon — Heidelberg— Bethel.... 5 CHAPTER III. The Early German Settlers in Pennsylvania— The Redemptioners — The Scheme to Educate the Germans — Not Hessian Merce- naries — Manners and Customs — Die Erste Deitsche Settler — Ken Hessische Mercenaries — Die Redemptioners — Der Plan die Penn- eilfanlsch Deitsche zu Lerne — Ihre Wehge, etc 11 CHAPTER IV. The Lebanon Valley in 1748 — Bishop CamraerhoflTs Journey from Bethlehem to Shamokin; Thrilling Narrative of' his Adven- tures 19 CHAPTER V. The French and Indian War — Braddock's Expedition — Murders by the Indians in Lebanon County — The Stockades or Ports — The Soldiers from Lebanon in that Struggle 23 CHAPTER VI. The War for Independence — Early Action by the Inhabitants — The Heidelberg Company — Col, Greenawalt's Battalion — Capt. Peter Grubb's Company of the Pennsylvania Line 29 CHAPTER VII. The War for Independence (continued) — The Meeting of the As- sociated Battalions at Lancaster — Roll of Capt. Klotz's Company of the Flying Camp — Non- Assoc iators in 1777. for Lebanon, Hei- delberg, and Bethel Townships 33 CHAPTER VIII. The War for Independence (continued)— British Prisoners at Leb- anon — The Oath of Allegiance to the State.. 36 CHAPTER IX. The War for Independence (continued)— Escape of British OflB- cers from Lebanon — Capt. Andrew Lee's Exploits— Capt. John Gloninger'fl Militia Battalion 45 CHAPTER X. The War for Independence (continued)— The Abolition of Slavery in Pennsylvania- The Act providing Therefor— Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves— Continental Paper Money 50 CHAPTER XI. The War of 1812-14— Proclamation of Governor Snyder, of Penn- sylvania-Rolls of Companies of- Capts. Achey, Derr, Doebler, Fisher, Leaher, Rees, and Snyder 53 CHAPTER XII. PAGE The Formation of Lebanon County — Boundaries! — OWirt-House and Jail — First Courts— Admissions to the Lebanon County Bar, 1813-83 57 CHAPTER XIII. Internal Improvements — The Union Canal — Remonstrance of Inhabitants against Increasing Power of Corporations — Rail- roads — Turnpikes 61 CHAPTER XIV. The War for the Union — The Services of Lebanon County in that Civil Conflict 65 CHAPTER XV. The War for the Union (continued) — OflBcers in other Regiments — Fifth Regiment — Thirty-sixth Regiment — Sixty-fourth Regi- ment — Eighty-seventh Regiment 70 CHAPTER XVL The War for the Union (continued) — History of the Ninety-third Regiment — One Hundred and Seventh Regiment — One Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment — One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regi- ment — One Hundred and Sixty-second Regiment — One Hundred and Seventy-third Regiment — Two Hundred and Ninth Regi- ment — Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Militia — Independent Cavalry Company— Forty-eighth Regiment Emergency Troops — IndepciidfDt Organizations 78 CHAPTER XVII. Officers of the County — Dr. Dady — The Raber Murder — Books, Authors, and Publications, etc , 118 Lebanon Township ;.....: 128 Lebanon Borough 133 North Lebanon Township 156 South Lebanon " 158 Cornwall '* 160 Bethel " 168 East Hanover " 177 SWATARA " 184 Jonestown 185 Union Township 190 OoLn Spring Township 194 Heidelberg " \ 195 Jackson " 204 Mill Creek: " 210 Londonderry " -p--. 216 Annville " 223 North Annville Township 224 South Annville " 232 Genealogical History 233 Biographical " 260 Representative Men 301 Genealogical Register 330 V ILLUSTRATIONS TO HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. PAGE Baasler, John H 301 Bow6r, r. H. :.-. ; 302 Coleman, George D...- .'.facing 264 Cornwall O^re-'Bank-. ; ....v...;!;..,'.;;.;; :...: :....;... 164 Derr, William M 304 Draught of Lebanon of 1778 .'. between 134, 135 Embich, Frederick .< : .;.....:.„.; facing 267 FaC'Simile of Continental money , ; 52 Glouinger, 0. D --. 271 Gloninger, John W facing 272 Gloninger, John .; 1 270 Guilford, WiniaDi M ,...,..., ., 307 .-Heilman, Samuel........ ..,,....,...,.....,..,...,...,,,.....,.,„„..- 275 Heilman, Jacob G 308 Hill Church, North Annville 226 KiniK>rtB» J. H..... ^..i.. 310 Klein, Theodore B ., 311 Kreider, H. H , 312 Krempr,'F.'w....^ !!„......'. '. 313 Kuhlmann, A. F 278 Lebanon Coiirt-Honse £9 Lebanon Manufacturing Company....,^ between 154, 155 Lick, John H .' '... 315 Lick Monument 284 Light, Andrew 316 vi PAGE Marshall, D. B 287 McPh«rson, John B facing 317 Miller Organ Company.™.™ , ., " 155 Monumental Chapel 283 Old Hebron Church, 1750 -■ .'. .'..... 159 Outline Map of Daiiphin and Lebanon County, 1819 ;. between 58, 59 Pennaylvania Bolt and Nut Company facing 165 Provincial Paper Currency. -..,; 5 Bank, William ,.facing 289 Keinoehl, Adolphus.... 319 Residence of William W. Weigley facing 201 Eigler, George ; 320 Ro.'sj George •••••"• facing 291 Saylor; J. L..... ', .....!.... 321 Schweinhard, P. M 322 Shaeffer's Old House, 1735-38 200 Shank, J. H.. * , 323 Shulze, John A ; J , 294 Shultz, F. A „ -.,.,..... ..„v.^ 324 Stauffer, B. W 325 Weigley, William W facing 329 Witmer, P. B 326 Wolff, George 327 Zimmerman, J. D...... 328 GEISTEKAL HISTOKY. CHAPTER I. The Aboriginal Inliabitants— Indian Names— Purcliase of 1732— Prices of Lands. Peior to the coming of the European, the present beautiful Lebanon Valley was the hunting-ground of the Indian. From the South Mountain to the first range of the Kittochtinny, deer and other game were abundant, while almost annually the long grass was burned over by the natives to assist them in securing game, by driving the wild animals into the high in- closures prepared for their entrapping. So the valley was covered with stunted oaks, and these were on the wide stretch of land which greeted the first settlers. The country was not inviting, and the latter termed them " barrens." Along the Lower Susquehanna and its branches, the Swatara especially, — the latter stream being most excellent fishing-ground, — we first hear of the Susque- hannas. Of their history and their peculiar char- acteristics, and their sad fate, we have previously re- ferred. The Shawanese came nearly twenty years after the Susquehannas had been driven from their fortified towns, they too fieeing before the vengeance of the Southern tribes. Most of the Indian relics within the region of Lebanon County are due, how- ever, to the older — the primeval race, so far as mod- ern research has revealed to us. Among the rocks of the Conewago region are found the remains of stone implements which go far back of the occupancy of the Shawanese. The latter came when the stone im- plements gave place to the articles supplied in barter with the white trader, — when the trade of the arrow- maker was passing away before the refined utensils of the refined white man. It is somewhat diflicult to give the precise location of Indian villages within the limits of the county. There are a large number of the original warrants which designate certain places as the sites of Indian towns. For instance, to John Alexander there was warranted March 25, 1738, two hundred acres of land " lying opposite the Indian town where Indian Sam lived, on the bigger Branch of the Suetaura." An- other warrant included " a portion of the Indian town on Indian Town Creek." " Indian Bottoms on Suetara Creek" are frequently alluded to, showing that remains of old Indian towns were found in many sections. Indian paths led through the county. One along " the north side of Conewago Creek." Another crossed the county, passing through the Great Swatara Gap. When the first settlers came these could be readily distinguished, and were described as having been broad, well-beaten paths, hollowed slightly in the middle by the constant tread and pressure of the feet of passing travelers, and for many years were used by the early pioneers as bridle-paths from one section to the other, and especially by the Moravian missionaries passing from the Schuylkill to the Sus- quehanna. Indian relics were found by the early settlers almost everywhere, but by far the greater number in the Miihlbach settlement. A collection, made by H. L. Illig, containing some five thousand specimens, shows that a large Indian population must have been in that neighborhood. On the farm of Peter Witmer, near a large spring, in Lebanon township, many specimens of the aborigines have been found. As the lovely valleys of Pennsylvania became the hunting-grounds of the Five Nations after their an- nihilating war against the Susquehannas especially, camping-grounds, near springs of water are found along the Indian paths, and burial-places are said to exist at several points, but these have not been dis- tinguishable to any of the present generation. It has been stated that during the construction of the Union Canal in the latter part of the last century, a burial- ground was struck near Myerstown, and although we have seen beads, axes, arrowheads, and ornaments stated to have been found therein, no other record has been preserved us. As the Swatara and its branches were most excel- lent fishing-ground, fish-spears have frequently been found. These were longer than the arrowheads, and fastened to wooden shafts, some of which were used like our modern "gigs," and some shot from the bow. Hence most of the specimens found are broken. The Indian mode of fishing was to wade into the creeks and strike the fish as they passed up the stream. The shad and trout are supposed to have been their main dependence, although the eel was considered a lux- ury, and was plentiful. The Indian name Swaha- DOWRY, corrupted from Schaha-dawa, of which Swa- tara is also a corruption, signifies in Susquehanna Indian " where we fed on eels." While upon this subject we may as well state that the following are the signification of Indian names within the county : 3 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. QuiTOPAHiLLA, corrupted from Cuitpehelle, or Cuwitpehelle, signifying "a spring that flows from, the ground among pines." TuLPEHOCKEif, corrupted from Tulpewi-liacki, sig- nifying " the land of turtles." According to Zeisberger " Tulpe" means a water- or sea-turtle ; " Tachquoch" a land-turtle ;" " Hac-U," the earth, the land. KiTTOCHTiNNY is a Delaware word, and rneans " the endless hills." It is corrupted into Kittatinny, and we adhere to the first as the proper orthography. CoNEWAGO, or Conewaugha, in Iroquois means " at the place of the rapids." From this fact there are several streams emptying into the Susquehanna so named. The Lechay. This is the Indian name of the Conewago Hills, or the South Mountain. In Dela- ware it signifies " where there are forks." This name was given to them because through" them struck an Indian path or thoroughfare, which forked off into various trails leading north and east. The word Le- high is a corruption, and was used by the German settlers, whose descendants at the present day in re- ferring to the Lehigh Eiver almost universally say " Lecha." To give our readers some idea of the Indian lan- guage, we present the " Gloria in Excelsis" in that of the Six Nations : *' A-hoDwaseunaien ne Niioh ne garonhiake tenteron ; nok Nonwent- Biake skenuon takenhake; ne tsi rnnikonriio ne Ongwe-ne nougatig- wen. " Ise tegwariwagwase ; Ise gwatshennonniase ; Ise gwasennaiens ; Ise tegwaroniaientons ; Ise tegwanonweratons : "Ne ifiinisaiataneragwat, Sewenniio, garonhiake tes-gowanen, Niioh lesaniha agwegon, iah othenon tesanoronse. " Sewenniio, sonhatBiwa Niioh laienha lesoB Keriatos; lae ne Niioh hetsenikonraiewentas, laienba ne Bonwaniha. "Ise ne seriwatonta ne gariwaneren Nonwentsiake, tagwentenrhek nisa, " Ise ne seriwatonta ne gariwaneren Nonwentsiake, tagwentenrhek nifia. " Ise ne seriwatonta ne gariwaneren Nonwentsiake, tagwat-hontats niBa, nonwa tai gwennitentase. "lae non-wa ne etho taiteron tsiraweientetakon ne Niioh Bonwaniha, tagwentenrhek nisa. " Aseken Sonhatsiwa tsinisaiatatokenton, aonhataiwa Sewenniio, son- hatBiwa, lesos Keristoa; " Ne senigwegon ne Konikonratokenton, agwa sateseniiataneragwat, tal tehonwaroniaieutons ne Niioh Bonwaniha. Amen." In this connection we can only give a brief refer- ence to the aborigines. In the introductory chapter to the history of Dauphin County a full account being given of the red men, further notice would be merely a repetition of what is there said and described. The Indians actually held title to all the land within the limits of Lebanon County until 1732, although it was considered by the Proprietaries that the deed of Chief Kekelappan, of 10th of September, 1683, to William Penn covered a portion of the territory upon which the whites located as early as 1710, if not prior. The final purchase was not made until the 7th of September, 1732, when the chiefs and sachems of the Delawares made a treaty by which they disposed of " all those tracts of land or lands lying ou or near the river Schuylkill in the said Province, or any of vthe branches, streams, fountains, or springs thereof, eastward or westward, and all the lands lying in or near any swamps, marshes, fens, or meadows, the waters or streams of which flow into or toward the said river Schuylkill, situate, lying and being between those hills called Lechay Hills, and those called Kit- toohtinny Hills, which cross the said river Schuylkill, about thirty miles above (west of) the Lechay Hills, and all lands whatsoever lying within the said bounds and between the branches of the Delaware River on the eastern side of the said land, and the branches or streams running into the river Sasquahannah on the western side of the said land." This purchase in- cluded all the land in Pennsylvania not previously bought, lying between the 'Delaware and Susque- hanna, and south of the Blue Mountains. The In- dians, of their own free will, disposed of this land, and after this date they had no more claim, right, or title to any of the land within the boundaries of Lebanon County, though the sale did not drive or ex- clude them from the land. At this time there were a number of roving bands of Indians still living in the county, but their villages and council-fires were moved beyond the Kittochtinny. It will be interesting to many to know the price that was paid for this large tract of land, which in- cluded about one-half of Berks County, the whole of Lehigh, and part of Northampton, with the whole of Lebanon and Dauphin, south of the first range of the Kittochtinny. The sachems received twenty brass kettles, one hundred stroudwater match-coats of two yards each, one hundred duflfels, ditto, one hundred blankets, one hundred yards of half tick, sixty linen shirts, twenty hats, six made coats, twelve pairs of shoes and buckles, thirty pair of stockings, three hundred pounds of gunpowder, six hundred pounds of lead, twenty fine guns, twelve gun-locks, fifty tomahawks, or hatchets, fifty planting hoes, one hundred and twenty knives, sixty pair of scissors, one hundred tobacco-tongs, twenty-four looking-glasses, forty tobacco-boxes, one thousand flints, five pounds of paint, twenty-four dozen of gartering, six dozen of ribbons, twelve dozen of rings, two hundred awl- blades, one hundred pounds of tobacco, four hundred tobacco-pipes, twenty gallons of rum, and fifty pounds in money. The articles paid for this and the tracts previously purchased, and the numerous presents given the Indians when they visited Philadelphia officially, were generally articles indispensable in every sphere of civilized life. On one occasion there were " four dozen jewsharps" among the items pre- sented by the government, and this shows that they must have had some taste for music. The Indians were resolute and very tenacious of their customs and habits of life, but the eagerness with which they accepted these articles, and applied them to their proper uses, shows how quickly they saw that they were superior to theirs, and how readily they relin- GENERAL HISTORY. 5 quished many of their usages and adopted those of the settlers. It is not positively known when the first settlements were made within the present limits of the county of Lebanon. The earliest assessment extant of taxables which included this county is that of Conestogoe township, Chester County, for the year 1718. Among the names we recognize a number which a few years after appear on the tax-list of Lebanon township, and more especially among the first warrantees of land. Prior to 1732 the land lying between the Lechay or Conewago hills on the south and the Kittochtinny range on the north, from the Delaware to the Susque- hanna had not, as we have previously stated, been purchased from the aborigines. This latter fact, how- ever, did not prevent a settlement of the country, and although the proprietary government would not sur- vey or grant lands in the unpurchased district, no ob- jections were ever made, save in one or two instances, to the actual occupation of the land by the white settlers. IBis Slntstit^EUSBiif islTeii. MUingz current .Money of AHiskka, «ceoi'ciga Coigns in theTlsntarions, doe frODi the Province o£ Pemfyt'vmrfa, to -the gol- ffffor thereof,' rtia 11 be jfl Valneequal toMocey, and fhali be accepted accordmily 1)7 ifieProvin- ciil TreafUrer, CoiraiyT«sa- (urcrs ind dieTtufieejior the General Loan-Office o£ the Province of Peim'isivania, m all Publick Payments, and for anv Pond acanyXiraemany a( the Uid Treatudzs and Loan-Office. Diced ia.Ibil/'JelfljlAthe Second Day of Aprll^ ift the Ywrof Out Lord, OneThou- fand feven Hiindred and Twenty Three, py Order ot the Goycmot and Geae- ril'Aflimbfv. Although a treaty was entered into between Gov- ernor Patrick Gordon, on behalf of the proprietaries, with the Indians for the land in question, it was not until 1733 that lands were surveyed to actual settlers. Lands, it is true, were granted at an earlier date, but these were warrants to the holders of deeds given the original purchasers. Miererhoefe farms varied in size from 100 to 500 acres, whereof usually about one-third was made arable. The selling price of land was graduated from time to time by local and natural advantages. From 1718, the common price per 100 acres was £5, and a bushel of wheat, or Is. sterling, quit-rent. In 1730, from £16 to £18. From 1732, the price was more uniform and steady at £15 10s. per 100 acres, and a half-penny sterling quit-rent per acre, which con- tinued till 1768, except a slight variation between 1761 and 1763, when warrants were issued at £9 per 100 acres. After 1768 the lands purchased from the Indians that year were oflered at £5 per 100 acres, and one penny annually per acre as quit-rent. Im- mediately preceding the Revolution, improved lands were sold in Lancaster County, near the town of Lan- caster, from £12 to £18 per acre, and near Le- banon from £3 to £5 per acre. In 1742 land had risen ten per cent. Unimproved lands were sold from 4s to 15s. per acre. At the close of the eighteenth century improved land sold generally twenty-five per cent, higher than it did the pre- ceding decade. CHAPTEE IL The Early Warrantees of Land — Lebanon — Heidelberg — Bethel PEOVINCIAL PAPEK CURRENCY. From the records of the land department of the State of Pennsylvania we have gathered the important information which follows. It is simply the names of the early warrantees, date of warrant, and number of acres taken up within the townships of Lebanon, Heidelberg, and Bethel. These, it may be observed, do not include all the land within the county. Some are included in the lists of Hanover, Derry, and Londonderry, to be found in the history of Dau- phin County, while some of the warrants in those for Heidelberg may now be comprised within the limits of Berks County. In many instances no township was given, and unless we could positively localize the warrants we omitted them altogether. The names are given as in the original. As in the case with the assessment-lists we shall give in the course of this work, we have not ventured to change the spelling of a single name. Many were written as they were pronounced, or as they struck the ear of the clerks in the land-office. Deiuinger is written Teininger, Espy, Aspie, Dubbs, Tupz, and so on; HISTORY OP LEBANON COUNTY. and where the name is duplicated another change in orthography is noticed. The dates to which an aster- isk (*) is attached denotes the time from which interest on the purchase-money commences. It may also be noted that frequently among the earliest warrants the owners of lands adjoining are given ; but in many cases no warrants for these are to be found. It was customary for certain persons to obtain warrants for several hundred acres of land, and a few days there- after sell or transfer the same in small tracts to others, who may perchance have been original set- tlers, but do not appear among the original war- rantees. The warrants in question are all embraced within the county of Lancaster, as originally constituted : WARRANTEES OF LAND IN LEBANON TOWNSHIP. Aspie, Josias, 150 ; May 25, 1749. Aspie, Josias, 100 ; May 25, 1Y49. Ackerman, Nicholas, 100 ; Nov. 15, 1749. Blair, Jolin, 200; Nov. 16, 1736. Brogbell, Aodrew, 150 ; April 18, 1738. Baschair, George, 160 ; Aug. 30, 1738. Brown, Henry, 200 ; Oct. 28, 1738. Berns, William, 200 ; Sept. 14, 1738. Bass, David, 130 ; May 17, 1739. Brugbeel, Benjamin, 100 ; June 25, 1741. Buckwalter, Joseph, 200; June 12, 1742. Baughman, Michael, 300; Nov. 25, 1735. Baughman, Michael, 70; July 6, 1742. Burkholder, Ulrick, 200 ; June 8, 1742. Buipgardner, Mathias, 150 ; June 9, 1743. Bowman, John, 200 ; Dec. 22, 1743. Baughman, Michael, 400; Feb. 26, 1745. Blecker, William, 200; Aug. 20, 1747. Brand, Adam, 250 ; Oct. 21, 1747. Bowman, Benjamin, 190 ; Oct. 5, 1748. Beckel, John, 100 ; Oct. 19, 1749. Bowman, Jacob, 100; Dec. 2, 1749. Boyer, Martin, 50; Jan. 5, 1749. Bore, Michael, 150 ; Jan. 6, 1749. Breightbill, John, 200 ; March 16, 1749. Brown, Conrad, 100; April 4, 1750. Burkholder, Ulrick, 50; Jan. 30, 1762. Beck, Philip, 100 ; June 7, 1760. Burkholder, Ulrick, 50 ; March 18, 1764. Brechtbeil, Benedict, 120 ; May 5, 1762. Baum, Jacob, 60 ; Oct. 25, 1753. Behm, Jacob, 25 ; Dec. 7, 1763. Burkholder, Ulrick, 100 ; March 18, 1754. Baker, Jacob, 60; Aug. 12, 1754. Backestoss, John, 50; Dec. 4, 1754. Beltz, Jacob, 100 ; Feb. 13, 1755. Burkhart, Simon, 30; May 9, 1768. Benedict, Jacob, 100; March 7, 1765. Boger, Mathias, 15 ; April 13, 1765. Bard, Adam, 100 ; July 3, 1766. Baker, John Michael, 50 ; -July 9, 1766. Backenstoss, John, 160; Sept. 6, 1768. Burkholder, Christian, 100; June 16, 1773. Bush, William, 240; June 17, 1773. Cooker, Peter, 200 ; Dec. 19, 1737. Capler, Martin, 200 ; March 25, 1738. Croll, Ulrick, 200; March 26, 1738. Carel, Simon, 60 ; July 21, 1739. Cioyder, John, 300; June 3, 1741. Croyder, Jacob, 260 ; Juno 3, 1741. Oroyter, John, 200; Aug. 26, 1742. Crell, Mathias, 160 ; Feb. 1, 1743/4. Cooker, Peter, 226; April 11, 1743. Conolly, John, 150; April 6, 1744. Crane, Richard, 200; Jan. 24, 1749. Carborongh, John, 100 ; Feb. 2, 1749. Clarke, John, 100; Aug. 29, 1754. Clarke, James, 100; May 22, 1759. Clark, Mary, 100; May 22, 1769. Clark, Abraham, 100 ; Oct. 3, 1758. Clein, Adam, 50; Dec. 21, 1760. Cretzer, Joseph, 60 ; Feb. 14, 1750. Clark, Daniel, 100; March 14, 1750, Oreyter, John, 100; Jnne 12, 1761. Coleman, Robert, 300; July 1, 1784. Devon, John, 200; Dec. 19, 1737. Dever, John, 160; Feb. 23, 1737. Dubbs, Henry, 200; March 26, 1738. Dehiesz, John Nicholas, 150; March 28, 1739. Deitz, .Tacob, 100; Oct. 16, 1763. Dealer, Casper, Jr., ■ ; Dec. 27, 1769. Dashter, Peter, 26; Oct. 6, 1773. Swing, Thomas, 300 ; March 8, 1737. Evei-shold, Peter, 300 ; May 3, 1740. Egel, Herman, 160 ; Sept. 26, 1748. Ergebrecht, Martin, 100 ; July 13, 1749. Eihr, Hans, 100 ; June 18, 1760. Bwing, James, ISO; Nov. 23, 1752. Eiller, Michael, 26; April 12, 1753. Ebersolt, Abraham, 26; May 1, 1754. Ellinger, George, 160 ; April 30, 1765. Ferguson, Samuel, 300 ; Sept. 16, 1734, " near Deny." Frederick, John, 200; June 7,1734. Fulmer, Adam, 200; Oct. 19, 1738. Frederick, Hans George, 100 ; Nov. 27, 1738. Fulkimore, George, 100 ; Nov. 3, 1749. Farnster, Philip, 100 ; April 4, 1750. Furney, Peter, 60; Nov. 30, 1753. Funk, Martin, 200; April 9, 1769. Foust, Philip, 100 ; May 14, 1773. Grubb, Peter, 200 ; Nov. 2, 1734. Grubb, Peter, 200 ; Nov. 6, 1734. Graaff, George, 300; Feb. 17, 1737. Garber, John, 200 ; June 16, 1738. Graybeil, John, 200; Oct. 21, 1742. Garver, Michael, 150; May 9, 1750. Glassbrenner, George, 200 ; Aug. 22, 1751. Guckerty, Jacob, 100; Aug. 8, 1750. Gillaapy, Bryan, 120 ; Oct. 23, 1750. Grim, Martin, 100; Feb. 27, 1752. Grove, Jacob, 100; Fob. 15, 1764. Giles, Jacob, 26 ; April 4, 1768. Grubb, Curtis, 200; June 23, 1768. Gunterman, Jacob, 50 ; Feb. 18, 1773. Grubb, Curtis, 400 ; July 1, 1784, " near Cornwall furnace." Hunsigger, Rudi, 200 ; April 22, 1734. Hunt, Roger, 400; Aug. 16, 1734. Hertzer, Philip, 200; Oct. 3, 1737. Herman, Jacob, 200 ; Ang. 7, 1738. Hoyle, John, 300 ; Oct. 10, 1738. Houk, George, 200 ; Oct. 19, 1738. Houk, Rudolph, 160 ; Oct. 19, 1738. Hess, John, 300 ; May 17, 1739. Humborger, Leonard, 160 ; Nov. 10, 1743. Hoover, John Nicholas, 160; Feb. 26, 1746. Hoober, Jacob, 100 ; Jan. 14, 1747. Hiedrick, George, 160 ; Oct. 21, 1747. Hollenbacli, John, 50; July 6, 1750. Hare, Abraham, 200; Nov. 22, 1750. Head, Abraham, 100 ; Jan. 5, 1749. Hide, Peter, 100; May 1", 1749. Hlsey, John, 200; Deo. 29, 1748. Hamiuersly, Thomas, 100 ; Oct. 22, 1748. Heilman, Adam, 150; March 1, 1747.* Heighler, Nicholas, 60 ; May 2, 1751. Hecker, Jacob, 100 ; Oct. 18, 1753. Hurst, Michael, 50 ; Oct. 31, 1753. Heit, Abraham, 100 ; March 28, 1764. Heckart, Jacob, 60 ; Aug. 21, 1764. Hortzberger, Jacob, 10; Nov. 1, 1764. Hovenly, Ulrick, 100; April 14, 1759. Hoover, John, 50 ; May 22, 1769. GENEKAL HISTORY. Huber, George, 280 ; , 1747.* Hover, Nicholas, 8; Not. 6, 1773. Ihlan, Martin, 50; June 16, 1763. Johnston, Jane (widow of 'Williani), 200; settled before August, 1732. JoUage, Frederick, 60; July 2, 1746. Jordy, Peter, 100; March 1, 1749. Jones, "William, 20 ; March 24, 1766. Kingrich, Peter, 200 ; Nov. 1, 1760. Kugher, Peter, 407 ; April 9, 1760. Kryter, Francis, 50 ; April 4, 1760. Klein, Michael, 250 ; March 1, 1749. Kryter, Mary, 200; June 15, 1748. Kornman, Abraham, 100; May 10, 1761. Kulpush, Hans Peter, 60; May 21, 1761. Keller, Henry, 100 ; Aug. 27, 1762. Kerstetter, Sebastian, 100; May 11, 1753. Kline, Deel, 100; Sept. 12, 1763. Kramer, Peter, 25 ; July 5, 1764. Kreiter, John, 20 ; Oct. 18, 1768. Knoll, John, 200 ; Aug. 18, 1766. Kitzmiller, Jacob, 20; Jan. 3, 1772. Landus, Christian, 300 ; Aug. 9, 1738. Long, Herman, 460 ; Nov. 16, 1739. Livingston, David, 100; July 10, 1741. Landis, Felix, 200 ; Aug. 22, 1734. Light, John, 200 ; April 2, 1742. Leman, Christian, 290; Nov. 14, 1737. Lighty, Christian, 290 ; May 26, 1743. Long, Christopher, 60; May 8, 1762. Lloyd, Jacob, 100 ; April 3, 1764. Light, John, 76 ; Oct. 7, 1766. Lemley, Gabriel, 100; Jan. 3, 1752. Leauf, Casper, 100 ; May 10, 1749. Lighty, Theobold, 16; , 1761.* Liohti, Jacob, 200 ; May 20, 1766. Lusk, Robert, 40 i ; July 14, 1784. Morrison, Thomas, 300 ; July 23, 1735. McDonald, John, 200; Nov. 1, 1736. McEver, Andrew, 200; Feb. 17, 1737. Musbitt, John, 260 ; March 28, 1738. Meyer, Christopher, 200; March 30, 1738. Miley, Martin, 400 ; June 7, 1738. Moyer, George, 150 ; Oct. 19, 1738. Miller, Herman, 200; Oct. 26, 1738. Martin, George, 200 ; Sept. 16, 1738. Meneice, James, 60 ; Oct. 4, 1739. Mayberry, Thomas (Phila.), 200 ; Sept. 16, 1742. Moyer, Stophel, 200 ; Deo. 2, 1743. Moyer, John, 100 ; Oct. 19, 1743. McCormick, Thomas, 160 ; March 1, 1737.* Mickley, Jacob, 200 ; May 12, 1743. Meyer, Michael, 60 ; March 4, 1744. Miley, Martin, 200 ; March 28, 1746. Miller, Andrew, 232 ; Feb. 4, 1747. Mumma, Jacob, 100 ; Aug. 23, 1746. Miller, Christoplier, 60; May 26, 1747. Moyer, Christopher, 100 ; Oct. 9, 1749. Myer, Philip, 100; June 7, 1760. Moyer, Hans, 60; June 14, 176Q. Myer, Michael, 60 ; Dec. 8, 1750. McNees, James, 160 ; Oct. 22, 1748. Miller, John, 100; Sept. 25, 1761. Miller, Michael, 100 ; July 26, 1763. Myer, Christopher, 60; July 6, 1764. Mohlwehr, Michael, 60 ; Nov. 14, 1764. Miller, Rudolph, 60; May 20, 1767. Mess, John, 105 ; April 30, 1765. Miller, John George, 100; April 30, 1765. McCleary, Robert, 210; Aug. 14, 1766. Mengars, Adam, 78; Aug. 27, 1766. Miller, Jacob (son of Andrew), 20 ; May 14, 1770. Mea8, John, 20 ; May 14, 1773. Muterspach, Philip, 12 ; Sept. 1, 1773. Miller, John, 12; Jan. 11, 1774. McClintock, John, 100 ; March 6, 1775. Ncafe, Jacob, 100; Oct. 15, 1740. Neave, Christian, 260; Feb. 6, 1762. Nuffer, Henry, 25 ; Aug. 2, 1763. Neaf, Michael, 26 ; Feb. 1, 1754. Nickleshock, John, 100 ; March 1, 1753.* Orth, Baltzar, 300 ; Nov. 25, 1735, " whereon he has long been settled." Oliphant, John, 132 ; Dec. 1, 1748. Orndorf, Herman, 100 ; Feb. 16, 1753. Preiter, Anthony, 60p ; March 15, 1736. Peffeley, Nicholas, 15'0 ; March 2,1737, "in a place called the Hole among the Hills." Peter, George, 400 ; May 12, 1743. Pa£f, Theobald, 160 ; March 1, 1737.* Perryer, George, 160; March 1, 1737.* Penneteck, Jacob, 60; Oct. 11, 1749. Pultz, Michael, 100 ; Jan. 26, 1749. Painter, Benjamin, 100 ; April 7, 1750. Peidler, Christian, 50 ; Feb. 26, 1760. Rhode, Ulrick, 200 ; Feb. 20, 1738. Reynolds, John, 300 ; Oct, 10, 1738. Rosenboom, Anthony, 200 ; Oct. 19, 1738. Reid, Samuel, 200 ; March 23, 1738. Razor, Daniel, 100 ; Oct. 13, 1743. Ring, Hans, 100 ; April 11, 1746. Rampton, Richard, 100; Dec. 9, 1745. Robinson, Richard, 100 ; March 1, 1740.* Royer, Henry, 200 ; July 31, 1746. Roody, Sebastian, 100 ; Oct. 14, 1747. Reynolds, Francis, 200 ; Jan. 28, 1748/9. Reid, Alexander, 150 ; Sept. 26, 1748. Rouse, Casper, 100; Dec. 21, 1749. Reneyzer, Jacob, 120 ; March 16, 1749. Ruth, Peter, 160 ; March 29, 1750. Eewalt, John, 100 ; July 21, 1760. Robinson, Richard, 100 ; Dec. 5, 1760. Resh, John, 100 ; Jan. 30, 1750. Reisht, John, 220 ; May 25, 1767. Rothvon, Frederick, 100 ; Dec. 8, 1762. Reist, Peter, 40; April 11, 1764. Roth, John Conrad, 100 ; Aug. 26, 1765. Rein, Valentine, 100 ; Nov. 17,1766. Reninger, Conrad, 122 ; Sept. 18, 1766. Eeiffwein, Ann (widow), 15 ; March 19, 1773. Eickard, Peter, 50 ; June 15, 1773. SteitB, George, 300; Sept. 28, 1734. Shally, Charles, 100 ; May 13, 1741. Slo»n, George, 200 ; June 8, 1734. Sloan, John, 200 ; June 8, 1734. Stuyts, George, 300 ; Dec. 19, 1737. Sighiley, Albreoht, 100 ; May 14, 1740. Steiner, Abraham, 67 ; Nov. 23, 1739. Snyder, Hans Adam, 160 ; May 17, 1739. Stetler, Abraham, 260 ; Feb. 6, 1738. Sherk, Caspar, 200 ; Oct. 6, 1738. Stout, Charles, 300 ; Sept. 14, 1738. Snudderly, Philip, 260 ; March 25, 1738. Stites, George, 60; March 17, 1741/2. Stoler, Bernard, 60 ; Sept. 2, 1742. Smith, Peter, 100 ; March 22, 1742. Stover, Casper, 300; March 1, 1737.* Saunders, Henry, 160 ; March 20, 1743/4. Stoler, Warner, IDO ; July 12, 1744. Schmudtz, Abraham, 100; Nov. 21, 1744. Smith, Henry, 160 ; March 1, 1737.* Stover, John Casper, 100 ; Oct. 2, 1745. Shalle, Charles, 25 ; Oct. 23, 1746. Smiley, Thomas, 200 ; Dec. 21, 1745. Shryer, Adam, 100 ; July 8, 1746. Suppinger, Ulrich, 160 ; March 1, 1743.* Sterger, Adam, 100; Sept. 10, 1748. Stites, George, 50 ; Dec. 21, 1748. Stoufer, Jacob, 160 ; Dec. 29, 1748. Stephen, Ulrich, 100 ; Jan. 5, 1749. Snoogh, John, 150 ; Jan. 26, 1749. Slasher, Peter, 100 ; March 16, 1749. Strawm, Christian, 200 ; Aug. 30, 1760. Strome, George, 100 ; Nov. 14, 1760. Sharer, Samuel, 100 ; Dec. 21, 1750. Stofer, Christian, 50; April 4, 1751. HISTOEY OF LEBANON COUNTY. Snevely, Isaac, 187 ; Sept. 26, 1751. Weybell, Adam, 100 ; Oct. 30, 1766. ' Shirley, Lodowick, 100 ; Oct. 26, 1751. Young, Esynard, 100 ; Nov. 2, 1749. Shillig, Nicholas, 50 ; Oct. 31, 1751. Young, James, 50 ; Nov. 30, 1763. lawyer, William, 60; Dec. 27, 1761. Yordy, Peter, Jr., 40 ; June 17, 1756. •Stuller, John, 60 ; Feb. 27, 1752. Zimmer, Christopher, 200 ; Dec. 30, 1737.* Shaver, Alex., 50; July 24, 1752. Zeifley, John, 100 ; Sept. 28, 1748. Sebolt, Leonard, 100 ; Dec. 22, 1752. Zimmerman, Hans, 160 ; Feb. 16, 1749. Swope, John, 160 ; March 1, 1744.* Zimbower, Martin, 60; May 10, 1754. Stucky, John, 60 ; June 29, 1753. Zimmer, Christopher, 146, ; Oct. 19, 1764. Steckback, Michael, 250 ; Sept. 21, 1763. Sanders, Henry, 200; Nov. 26, 1763. WAEKANTEES OF LAND IN HEIDBLBBEG TOWNSHIP. Schwingel, George, 60; Jan. 8,1762. Ariz, Johannes, 150 ; June 17, 1737. Sinbauer, Martin, 50 ; March 26, 1764. Albrecht, Mathias, 100; Sept. 29, 1738. Shire, Jacob, 26 ; May 1, 1764. Artz, John, 50 ; Feb. 18, 1742. Shafer, Alexander, 100; May 9, 1764. Albrecht, Mathias, 30}^; Oct. 3, 1761. Speicker, John, 100; June 5, 1764. Baker, Jacob, 60 ; Dec. 20, 1736. Singer, Michael, 100 ; Nov. 28, 1764. Boyer, Andrew, 150 ; Feb. 27, 1734. Schaude, Nicholas, 26; Jan. 24, 1765. Baker, Jacob, 100 ; Oct. 22, 1735. Shaver, Philip, 60 ; Tub. 21, 1756. Breith, Michael, 100 ; .June 12, 1735. Swuope, Jacob, 200 ; May 16, 1759. Beckel, Fred., 150 ; Sept. 19, 1737. Schmutz, Abraham, 100; March 1, 1737.* Button, Henry, 160 ; Oct. 19, 1737. Sanders, Henry, 50; May 12, 1767. Baker, John, 50 ; Oct. 30, 1738. Saylor, John, 140 ; March 1, 1759.* Brecht, Mic>iael, 60 ; Nov. 15, 1744. Saybold, Leonard, 62 ; Miiy 20, 1769. Batorf, Hermanus, 100 ; April 15, 1746. Steer, William, 282 ; Jan. 16, 1762.* Boyer, Henry, 60 ; May 20, 1747. Seig, Jacob, 50 ; April 10, 1771. Breight, Stephen, 60 ; June 12, 1747. Shell, Henry, 50 ; Sept. 1, 1773. Baker, William, 60 ; Jan. 24, 1749. Towner, Michael, 200; Aug. 22, 1734. Boyer, Andrew, 25 ; , May 8, 1760. Thoma, Martin, 150; Nov. 2, 1737. Bright, Wendel, 210; March 19, 1750. Thoma, Durst, 100 ; Nov. 2, 1737. Brosman, Francis, 100 ; July 27, 1751. Tise, Mathias, 330; Sept. 12, 1737. Berger, Mathias, 26 ; May 30, 1761. Tupz, Hans Jacob, 160 ; June 6, 1737. Beig, Philip, 25 ; Aug. 8, 1753. Tiller, Casper, 50 ; Dec. 9, 1737. Brua, Adam, 100 ; Aug. 9, 1754. Teioinger, Leonard, 200; Aug. 9, 1738. Bulman, Adam, 100; March S, 1758. TiUbins, Frederick, 100 ; Aug. 18, 1739. Brockard, Jacob, 80 ; Oct. 30, 1766. Templeman, Conrad, 200 ; March 1, 1737.* Becker, John Michael, 30 ; July 19, 1748. Taylor, Adam, 200 ;' June 8, 1743. Bucht, Henry, 35 ; May 6, 1773. Tsiefly, Joseph, 100 ; Sept. 7, 1747. Capp, George Frederick, 200 ; June 8, 1737. Thomaa, Lodowick, 60; May 24, 1749. Capp, Michael, 226; Jan. 16, 1737. Thomas, Durst, 100 ; Dec. 2, 1749. Clotts, Ludwig, 60 ; Jan. 8, 1740. Tlngis, Philip, 110 ; Oct. 10, 1750. Cruber, Henry, 50 ; Jan. 10, 1743/4. Thoma, Henry, 60 ; May 2, 1751. Croyder, Jacob, 100 ; May 30, 1749. Thollinger, George, 100; July 24, 1752. Conrad, Jacob, 125 ; Sept. 19, 1749. Teis, Michael, 60 ; Jan. 25, 1755. Clotts, Nicholas, 76; March 15, 1740. Thommen, Henry, 150; Jan. 10, 1765. , Carvel, Bphraim Benedict, 60 ; Feb. 21, 1765. Traxell, John, 50 ; April 11, 1768, Conrad, George, 60 ; May 10, 1758. Troxall, Abraham, 30 ; Jan. 31, 1774. Cunster, William, 50 ; March 14, 1750. Ulrich, Aneted, 200 ; Nov. 4, 1743. Coupenhave".-, Christopher, 200; Nov. 21, 1767. Umberger, Henry, 200; Jan. 4, 1749. Distler, John, 100 ; Dec. 18, 1742. Urick, Adam,'lOO ; Sept. 28, 1749. Devabaugh, Adam, 100 ; May 1, 1747. Uhler, Anstead, 50 ; April 4, 1760. Dupee, Christian, 50; Feb. 24, 1748/9. Umberger, Leonard, 25; May 18, 1750. Deester, Hans, 26 ; March 2, 1749. Umberger, Michael, 150 ; Api il 30, 1761. Davis, William, 26 ; May 17, 1761. Uhrich, Philip, 184; Aug. 2.5, 1784. Durst, Casper, 26 ; Jan. 20, 1752. Vinant, Jacob, 100 ; March 26, 1752. Davy, Jacob, 60 ; June 4, 1752. Verner, Robert, 300; July 23, 1736. Dick, John, 100 ; May 1, 1758.* Williams, Jolin, 300; Sept. 28, 1734. Ernst, Conrad, 100; Oct. 11, 1738. Whitesides, John, Jr., 200 ; Oct. 31, 1738. Ermantrout, Philip, 50; Oct. 12, 1749. Whitesides, John, Sr., 200 ; Oct. 31, 1738. Ekolberner, Daniel, 160 ; July 31, 1751. Welt, Andreas, 100; June 1, 1739,* Egard, John, 30 ; Oct. It, 1761. Winckolpleck, John, 200; March 2, 1737. Ermantrout, Frederick, 76; Oct. 16, 1761. Weisler, Honry, 200 ; March 17, 1741/2.* Everheart, George, 25 ; Feb. 28, 1754. WhMcsides, Balph, 126 ; April 23, 1735.* Eutres, John, 80; April 16, 1755. Wolfersberger, John, 350 ; March 1, 1737.* Bigler, Simon, 30 ; Sept. 3, 1767. Welsh, John, 150; March 1, 1737.* Bgp, George, 200; Aug. 16, 1784. Whiteside, James, 100 ; Aug. 15, 1746. Bvinger, George, 100; Nov. IS, 1784. Wells, Andrew, 100 ; April 27, 1748. Fisher, William, 200; Sept, 28, 1737. Waghenar, Michael, 100; April 27, 1748. Feeman, Hans Valentine, 250; Oct. 29, 1737. Wbitmer, Peter, 60; March 1, 1749. Foeman, Caspar, 201) ; May 13, 1736.* Waganaar, Adam, 100; Feb. 16, 1749. France, Cris8^600 ; Deo. 23, 1743. Falls, Peter, 40; March 6, 1749. Wolff, Jacob, 100 ; Nov. 2, 1749. Winger, Stephen, 50; Oct. 3, 1760. Faust, Peter, 50 ; May 4, 1760. ■Weiss, Henry, 160; Feb. 21, 1760. Fisher, Jacob, 100 ; May 5, 1752. Weinant, Jacob, 60 ; May 8, 1751. Fagg, John, 76 ; May 24, 1753. Weidman, Abraham, 200 ; June 6, 1764. Fritz, Adam, 100; Aug, 7, 1754. Weider, Nicholas, 100 ; May 18, 1767. Qrubor, Henry, 150; June 17, 1737. Wilhelm, John, 200 ; Juno 11, 1766. Goodman, George, 160; June 6, 1737. GENERAL HISTORY. Geias, AdHm. 75; Jan. 19, 1760. Grealhoiise, Peter, 80; June 7, 1760. GeiThard, Frederick, 25; Sept. 4, 1751. German, Adam, 12; Jan. 17, 1771. Gasser, Jacob, 38 ; Miiri;h 1 2, 1773. Hedrigli, Cornelius, 150; Maroli 26, 1737. Helwick, Adam, 100; June 17, 1737. Hj-ne, George, 100; Sept. 28, 1738. Holsteiner, Hans Martin, 150; Sept. 28, 1738. Hawcs, l.udwig, 141 ; Oct. 22, 1735.* Hainl.v, Sicliman, 200; Oct. 25, 1738. Hain, George, 100; Nov. 12, 1741. Hain, George, Jr., 100; Marcli 1, 1742. Hetrig, Yost, 100 ; Nov. 10, 1742. Hudson, Charles, 150; Oct. 14, 1736.* Haau, Cliriatian, 50 ; Dec. 23, 1743. Iledrick, Adam, 60 ; March 30, 1743. Helerick, John. 50; Aug. 16, 1744. Haae, Philip, 100; Jan. 5, 1744. Hermanslrout, Frederick, 60; Oct. 17, 1745. Harnisli, Samuel, 100 ; Nov. 28, 1746. Hain, Peter, 100 ; Sept. 22, 1746. Horsinger, Jacob, 50; Oct. 28, 1746. Hermautrout, John, 60; Oct. 28, 1746. Hain, Henry, 110; Oct. 21, 1747. Hain, Casper (son of George), 380 ; Nov. 4, 1747. Hain, Frederick (son of George), 60; Oct. 21, 1747. Hawke, John, 100; March 6, 1760. HoUzeder, Peter, 5)4 ; Jan. 15, 1749. Hoffman, nenry, 200; Jan. 6, 1749. Hoover, Jacob, 300; March 25, 1749. Hoffman, Jost, 200; June 13, 1760. Huslitetter, Jacob, 60; May 22, 1751. HolbuBh, Christian, 60; June 1, 1751. Herold, George, 100; Aug. 16, 1751. Holstou, Leouhiud, 26; Sept. 24, 1761. Holstein, Peter, 25 ; Oct. 23, 1761. High, George. 50; April 7, 1758. Harnish, Samuel, Jr., 00; June 3, 1773. Illich [lllig], Andreas, 150; Aug. 2, 1749. Jodder [Yoder] Jacob, 5 ; July 20, 1784. Jones, James, 160 ; Oct. 16, 1733. Jones, Thomas, 80 ; June 3, 1746. Jordan, George, 100 ; Aug. 26, 1761. Johns, William, 26 ; May 6, 1762. Jones, John, 30 ; Oct. 3, 1771. Keen, Jacob, 60; April 17, 1760. Knnpp, Peter, 25; March 30, 1749. Keiser, Michael, 30; Mayl, 1751. Kreutzer, Andreas, 60 ; May 1, 1761. Kurtz, Nicliolas, 60 ; Jan. 6, 1749. Kiesecker, Philip, 100; June 19, 1754. Kiiawben, Cath. (.widow), 150 ; Nov. 29, 1754. Kaiip, George, 60; April 30, 1765. Kapp, Frederick, 50; April 30, 1766. Klinger, Henry, 150; July 1, 1784. Lloyd, Thomas, 100; Jan 16,1737. Lingel, Paul, 150; June 28, 1738. iantermill, Godfield, 100 ; May 11, 1738. Lontermilk, John, 100 ; Sept. 14, 1738. Loutermilk, Wendal, 200 ; Sept. 14, 1738. Lerch, Casper, 160 ; Dec. 3, 1742. Levestein, David, 50; Nov. 27, 1746. Lesher, Jacob, 50; Aug. 27, 1752. Lederman, Jacob, 60 ; July 27, 1751. Lehn, John, IQO; May 10, 1763. ley, Michael, 100; March 1, 1769. Mauntz, Jacob, 100 ; Sept. 27, 1737. Minnir, Hans George, 160; Dec. 21, 1737. Miller, George, 160; Dec. 30, 1737. Moore, John, 100; Feb. 8, 1737. Meyser, Michael, 200; Sept. 6, 1738. Moyer, Henry, 300; Sept. 29, 1738. Meyutzer, Hans George, 100; Oct. 3, 1738. Meyer, Jacob, 200; Oct. 12, 1738. Merkie, Daniel, 50; March 31, 1742. Moor, Eliz. (widow Jno.), 100 ; July 19, 1742. Miokell, Ulrick, 160; Sept. 10, 1738.* Miiiheer, Hans George, 60; June 23,1738.* Miller, Frederick, 150 ; Dec. 23, 1743. Martin, Hans, 100; Aug. 25, 1743. Meir, John, 60 ; Oct. 12, 1744. Mous, Benihard, 200 ; Aug. 28, 1747. Meiscr, Elizabeth, 60 ; Aug. 28, 1747. Marshall, Fred , 50; Feb. 12, 1747. Miueer, George, 50 ; Jan. 29, 1749. Minegassner. Johan, 60; Aug. 23, 1748. Miller, Michael, 160; Sept. 27, 1748. Mobler, Hans Henry, 76 ; June 12, 1751. Miller, Jaccili, 120; June 5, 1751. Myer, Jacob, 100; Aug. 16, 1761. Martin, Nicholas, 30; Oct. 26, 1761. Moor, Christopher, 40 ; Jan. 18, 1752. Mosei-, Adam, 80; Jan. 8, 1754. Meyer, John, 60 ; March 14, 1754. Miller, Nicholas, 50: March 12, 1766. Myer, Isaac, 250 ; March 28, 1758. Meiser, Michael, 50; Nov. 0, 1734. Maurer, Philip, 60; June 14, 1765. Miller, George, 100; July 1, 1784. Newman, Walter, 200; Oct. 14, 1733. Neif, Michael, 260; Nov. 28, 1734. Neif, Michael, Jr., 50; Ang. 24, 1737. Newfer, Henry, 100 ; Oct. 23, 1746. Noll, John, 225 ; Oct. 7, 1747. Newman, Peter, 100; Feb. 14, 1748-49. Noeker, Cliiistopher, 100; April 26, 1750. Nieke, George, 75 ; Sept. 21, 1750. Noaker, Martin, 25 ; March 14, 1755. Neave, Jacob, *■; Aug. 15, 1765. Overhulser, Jacob, 200; March 11,1733. Obeboldt, Joseph, 300; March!, 1740.* Orendorff, Christian, 60; May 18, 1758. Overley, Martin, 150 ; March 1, 1759.* Ockebaugh, Matthias, 40 ; March 8, 1773. OverUirsh, Michael, 174; May 19, 1767. Priegel, George, 126; Nov. 6, 1734. Plattner, Michael, 200; Oct. 22, 1735. Peller, Peter, Jr., 200; Jan. 24, 1737. Petre, George, 100 ; Oct. 6, 1743. Pottiger, Martin, 60; March 2e, 1746. Palm, Jacob, 26 ; May 24, 1774. Eichter, John, 200; Oct. 14, 1736. Keel, Henry, 160; Oct. 29, 1737. Eeezer, Ulrich, 300; Sept. 7, 1741. Eoezer, Gabriel, 200; Oct. 19, 1743. Eebait, Joliii, 100 ; Nov. 30, 1744. Reederbaugli, Nicholas, 100; Jan. 15, 1744. Reed, Frederick, 127 ; Sept. 29, 1747. Keezer, William, 30 ; April 18, 1748. Eeyuolds, William, 50 ; March 21, 1748-49. Eea, George, 60 ; Nov. 30, 1748. Eoid, Nicholas, 60; Jan. 4, 1749. Eels, Michael, 60 ; Jan. 5, 1749. Ehoads, Samuel, 400; Jan. 3, 1750. Eeem, Peter, 100; April 25, 1753. Eeeter, Tobias, 60 ; July 24, 1763. Eeidebach, Philip, 50; March 12, 1765. Eice, Michael, 25 ; May 3, 1769. Saltcbiever, Andreas, 160; Nov. 6, 1734. Snevely, Audley, 200 ; June 5, 1734. Snevely, John, 200 ; March 11, 1733. Seller, Henry, 200; Nov. 6, 1734. Stump, Christopher, 250; June 14, 1734. Stump, Casper, 200; Oct 6, 1735. Sharff, Conrad, 160; Oct 22, 1735. Stump, Adam, 100; June 9, 1736. Strickler, Andrew, 150; Nov. M, 1736. Shawde, Adam, 300 ; Nov 22, 1736. Senzebach, Jacob, 150 ; Oct. 6, 1736. Shell, Martin, 160; June 6, 1737, Say, George, 200 ; May 23, 1737. Sheerman, Simon, 160 ; April 25, 1737. Sheerman, Jacob, 150; April 26, 1737. 10 HISTOKY OF LEBANON COUNTS. Saltzgeber, Andreas, 100 ; Deo. 14, 1737. Sheffer, Bartholomew, 200 j Feb. 8, 1737. Sharp, Conrad, 160; March 10, 1737. Shefler, Michael, 200 ; Jan. 9, 1737. Shube, John, 100 ; Jan. 9, 1737. Strickler, Andrew, 50 ; Jan. 16, 1737. Seiberd, Jacob, 100 ; March 28, 1739. Service, Thomas, 200 ; Oct. 13, 1738. Sheffer, Bartholomew, 150 ; Oct. 18,1738. Stapler, George, 150 ; Oct. 12, 1738. Stump, Abraham, 50 ; June 10, 1742. Stump, John, 125 ; April 11, 1743. Seller, David, 100 ; Oct. 2, 1735.* Shank, Michael, 100 ; July 20, 1745. Summer, Philip, 160; Aug. 16, 1745. Stucky, Hans, 100 ; Aug. 22, 1746. Shmeel, Michael, 30; Feb. 19, 1747. Surber, Casper, 50 ; March 1, 1746.* Swalle, Christian, 60 ; May 10, 1749. Smith, Christian,160; May 19, 1749. Smith, Abraham, 100 ; July 17, 1749. Shower, Michael,'60; Aug. 29, 1749. Sheaver, Alexander, 50 ; Sept. 28, 1749. Schnee, John, 100 ; Sept. 30, 1749. Shube, Henry, 50; Jan. 4, 1749. Serwin, Philip, 100 ; March 9, 1749. Snyder, Hans, 75 ; May 25, 1749. Seller, Henry, 115; Oct. 9, 1750. Stump, Michael, 76 ; Nov. 16, 1750. Shafer, Nicholas, 60; Veb. 27, 1750. Spohn, John, 50 ; May 1, 1761. Spohn, Adam. Spotz, William, 20 ; May 16, 1761. Shank, Jacob, 100 ; May 22, 1761. Shiffler, George, 60 ; May 30, 1751. Sommer, Philip, 100 ; June 12, 1751. Shafer, Alexander, 300; Aug. 21, 1751. Strickler, Andrew, 115; Oct. 3,1751. Stoller, George, 26 ; Not. 23, 1762. Shinpfelt, Frederick, 60; March 30, 1753. Smith, Christian, 75; July 9, 1763. Shook, William, 60 ; April 8, 1754. Studsman, Jacob, 60; Dec. 23, 1764. Smith, George Emerick, 30 ; Sept. 6, 1757. Seller, David, 100 ; May 23, 1759. Shelleberger, Henry, 100 ; June 6, 1759. Swingle, Nicholas, 20 ; May 18, 1766. Stohr, Henry, 228 ; Nov. 7, 1764. Stump, Christopher, 160 ; Oct. 16, 1766. Seider, George, 40 ; Dec. 24, 1772. Seybert, Christian, 73 ; Sept. 29, 1773. Straok, Henry, 30; July 1, 1784. Smith, George, 15 ; Oct. 13, 1784. Scholl, Andreas, 40 ; Sept. 22, 1784. Strickler, Leonard, 20; April 14, 1786. Tabler, Melchior, 150 ; Oct. 12, 1738. Tibboy, Conrad, 50; Sept. 23, 1740. Thomson, Thomas, 300; Jan. 10, 1744. Trout, Hieronimus, 160 : Sept. 28, 1749. Tuhtweiler, John, 25 ; Feb. 12, 1750. Titzter, Melchior, 60; April 15, 1751. Triese, Valentine, 60; May 30, 1761. Troutman, Hieronimus, 50; Oct. 13, 1752. Thoma, Durst, 60 ; Deo. 22, 1752. Tinges, John, 50; April 11, 1755. Tryon, Michael, 60; Sept. 15, 1784. IJliige, John Frederick, 100 ; April 14, 1744. Urick, Paul, 110 ; Feb. 2, 1753. Urick, "Valentine, 26 ; May 20, 1764. Venerick, Mathias, 60 ; Nov. 28, 1747. Weiser, Conrad, 100 ; Oct. 17, 1734. Wagenaar, Henry, 100 ; Feb. 11, 1737. Wells, John, 160 ; June 28, 1738. Werefleld, Michael, 150 ; Oct. 16, 1738. Winger, Lazarus, 200 ; settled prior to 1734. Webb, Benjamin, 200; Nov. 23, 1737. Wissenant, Peter, Jr., 200 ; Jan. 16, 1737. Webb, Joseph, 200 ; March 10, 1737. Weeks, Christian, 160 ; May 2, 1744. Weiser, Christopher, 100 ; Aug. 6, 1745. Weiser, Conrad, Bsq., 100 ; April 11, 1749. Weiser, Frederick, 200 ; Jan. 8, 1749. Weiser, Philip, 200 ; Jan. 8, 1749. White, John George, 100; June 12, 1751. Wyland, Nicholas, 60 ; Aug. 19, 1761. Woolfsanger, Frederick, 50; Feb. 1, 1754. Wolfart, Conrad, 25 ; March 30, 1767. Weisner, Jacob, 100 ; March 2.'), 1768. Wise, Christian, 25 ; Sept. 28, 1768. Weiss, Henry, 25 ; Sept. 9, 1772. Wike, Christian, 26 ; Oct. 4, 1774. Zyder, George Caspar, 150; Sept. 28, 1738. Zimmerman, Bastian, 30; May 28, 1752. WABEANTEES OF LAND IN BETHEL TOWNSHIP. Brightbill, John, 200; Oct. 13, 1737. Burn, Lodowick, 150; May 24, 1749. Brennaways, Jacob, 150 ; March 23, 1750. Buff, Nicholas, 100; July 11, 1750. Bixler, Peter, 50 ; May 8, 1751. Beck, Fred., 26 ; May 16, 1761. Brunizer, John, 16 ; May 24, 1760. Blecker, Tost, 100; April 24, 1762. Bangenrief, Simon, 100 ; Sept. 19, 1762 (" over the Blue Hills"). Birich, Jacob, 50 ; July 14, 1753. Barr, Rudolph, 76 ; April 27, 1754. Beck, Philip, 54; Oct. 15, 1767. Been, Henry, 30 ; Nov. 1, 1770. - Bright, John, 2J^; Oct. 28, 1771. Creutzer, Peter, 76 ; July 10, 1739. Crim, Martin, 100; Dec. 24, 1751. Cushwa, Isaiah, 50 ; Feb. 21, 1752. Conrad, Michael, 50 ; Oct. 23, 1754. Cockendurff, Andrew, 80 ; April 18, 1757. Ohristman, Jacob, 150 ; June 16, 1761. Crow, Peter, 100 ; March 12, 1750. Conrad, Stephen, 50; April 15, 1761. Clever, Michael, 100; May 10, 1761. Clark, Thomas, 36 ; Feb. 25, 1775 (" a(^joining Moravian land"). Cline, John, 250 ; March 28, 1775. Dick, Nicholas, 60 ; Oct. 6, 1749. Druokenmiller, Ludiiig, 100; March 26, 1752. Dietz, Johannes, 50 ; Feb. 7, 1764. Dubbs, Henry ,1 150; April 24, 1756. Ditzler, Melchior, 50 ; Aug. 25, 1767. Bisenhauer, Nicholas, 100; Jan. 20, 1753. Bppricht, Jacob, 100 ; June 23, 1763. Eisenhauer, John, 126 ; Sept. 23, 1766.* Embech, Christopher, 60; Sept. 26, 1784. Folke, Peter, 200 ; Feb. 18, 1737. Frederick, John George, 50; Oct. 28, 1746. Feerer, John Casper, 160 ; Nov. 19, 1747. Fisher, Lawrence, 160 ; Feb. 19, 1747. Fisher, David, 160 ; May 26, 1749. Fulmer, Michael, 100 ; April 8, 1761. ' Formwald, Jacob, 100 ; Feb. 1, 1763. Faber, Bernard, 100; Feb. 16, 1753. Felty, George, 100 ; March 9, 1763. Faber, Philip, 25; Nov. 29, 1771. Felker, Henry, 79 ; Aug. 16, 1769.* Gray, John, 200 ; March 1, 1737. Gebhart, Nicholas, 160; Jan. 4, 1749. Grove, George, 60 ; Oct. 30, 1751. Grove, John, 60; Oct, 30, 1751. Grow, Mathias, 200 ; May 6, 1752. Gasnets, George, 60 ; Feb. 1, 1753. Gromor, Martin, 20; March 5, 1753. Grotr, Peter, 130; March 1, 1763.* Gerst, Dewalt, 30; March 1, 1765.* Hurst, Michael, 300 ; Nov. 25, 1735. Hubeler, Jacob, 160; Oct. 17, 1738. 1 Interest and quit-rent from let of March, 1732. GENERAL HISTORY. 11 Hoy, Valentine, 100; April 5, 1734. Hough, Kichard, 180; May 2.5, 1739. Huntzaker, Rudolph, 200; April 23, 1740. Hoffman, Tost, 160; March 26, 1743. Hainly, SIgismund, 100; Sept. 26, 1744. Hauts, Philip, 100; Oct. 24, 1746. Halderaan, John, 30; July 11, 1750. Houdtz, Philip, 137 ; Oct. 12, 1738. Houtz, Lawren'ce, 50; Jan. 16, 1748/9. Henly, Michael, 50; Jan. 20, 1763. Heislbr, Caspar, 20 ; Oct. 10, 1758. Hoyl, Wendle, 150 ; June 10, 1767. Haldeman, John, 164; June 2, 1768. Jones, William, 160; Sept. 28, 1743. Kern, Leonard, 100 ; Jan. 22, 1749. Kreitzer, Peter, 200 ; Sept. 26, 1748. Kneeghy, John, 30; Dec. 5, 1751. Kaufman, ChriBtian, 75 ; Feb. 16, 1753. Kettle, Peter, 80; June 15, 1753. Keeny, Peter, 150 ; April 30, 1754. Kapp, Christopher, 50; Sept. 26, 1764. Kauffman, John, 160 ; March 1, 1756.* Kneably, Stopbel, 50; July 24, 1767. Klick, Philip, 40 ; July 27, 1772. Long, Urban, 150; June 17, 1742. Lantz, ChriBtian, 50; Sept. 19, 1752. Lehman, Christian, 200 ; April 6, 1753. Landis, Felix, 160; Oct. 12, 1749. Levan, Isaac, 60; Dec. 3, 1761. Long, Urbanlis, 60; Aug. 29, 1765. Lorash, Jacob, 100; Sept. 23, 1765. Lohr, Conrad, 50 ; Jan. 28, 1771. Latacha, Abraham, 200 ; June 14, 1773. Miller, Jacob, 200 ; Sept. 14, 1738. Miley, Jacob, 300 ; May 6, 1740. Moyer, Jacob, 100 ; Feb. 28, 1742. Markill, David, 100; Jan. 11, 1743/4. Miller, George, 100; July 2, 1747. Moyer, Jacob, 160; Oct. 14, 1747. Merck, Henry, 100; Feb. 16, 1749. Menig, Peter, 60; March 23, 1760. Menig, Simon, 50 ; March 23, 1750. Mark, Henry, 26; Feb. 15, 1754. Mattin, Thomas, 26 ; Sept. 24, 1753. Mach, John, 100; May 16, 1759. Miller, Michael, 60 ; May 2, 177 Neaf, Michael, 60 ; Oct. 31, 1749. Neff, Michael, 50 ; Oct. 5, 1772. Ondtz, Philip, 100 ; Oct. 12, 1738. Okcly, John, 50 ; Dec. 20, 1754. Ornthoff, Herman, 50 ; Oct. 19, 1756. on, Henry, 60 ; April 19, 1769. Parsons, William (Phila.), 200; Aug. 4, 1738. Preninger, Fidus, 160; Oct. 3, 1737. Pinning, Christian, 100 ; April 11, 1743. Pickle, John, 100; Sept. 1, 1750. Pien, Henry, 100; April 29, 1751. Frees, Thomas, 200 ; May 3, 1761. Peffley, Jacob, 40; June 26, 1766. Reiser, Matthew, 150; July 29, 1745. Bank, John, 100; April 10, 1749. Reker, Michael, 60; Jan. 30, 1750. Ranch, Bernard, 60; Sept. 20, 1753. Rieger, Michael, 40; Sept. 27, 1753. Reyer, Stuffleld, 50; July 29, 1767. Smith, Henry, 500; July 6, 1734. Shippen, Edward, 300 ; Oct, 31, 1737. Steelier, Abraham, 200; May 22,1747. Snevely, Leonard, 160; Aug. 22, 1747. Stahl, Henry. Stump, Christopher, 60 ; Aug. 28, 1747. Shewy, Daniel. 125; Sept. 23, 1747. Shewy, John, 160 ; Jan. 4, 1749. Smith, Peter, 60 ; Oct. 18, 1761. Schn, Daniel, 100; Oct. 16, 1762. Schnevely, Hans, 250 ; Feb. 8, 1763. Sohnevely, Henry, 50; March 9, 1763. Snevely, Isaac, 26 ; March 28, 1754. Stilman, George, 20; April 6, 1764. Spietler, John, 200; March 1, 1744.* Sberroclc, Casper, 250; May 29, 1764. Sonter, Henry, 200; March 23, 1766. Stehli, Ulrick, 160 ; March 1, 1758.* Stable, John, 100; Oct. 23, 1765. Seidle, Godfrey, 100 ; Jan. 23, 1771. Sherrick, John, 40; March 8, 1773. Spitler, John, 100 ; Nov. 11, 1784. Tillman, George, 30; March 16, 1754. Tyse, Michael, 209; Oct. 14, 1765. Vocht, Jacob, 40; Dec. 9, 1771. Wambler, Peter, 200 ; March 1, 1740.* Weiser, Conrad, 200 ; Jan. 30, 1749. Waggoner, Henry, 25 ; Dec. 4, 1751. Waganeer, George, 50; March 29, 1750. Werts, John, 60; March 23, 1750. Weaver, Casper, 50 ; May 8, 1751. Wengert, Steven, 50; Oct. 24, 1751. Wenger, John Stephen, 30 ; Dec. 6, 1751. Wagenaar, Ulrich, 50 ; March 17, 1751. Webhart, Melchior, 20 ; Dec. 8, 1766. Weidman, Abraham, 240; June 5, 1761. Wolf, Philip, 26; Oct. 22, 1767. Wolff, Sebastian, 12 ; Deo. 18, 1772. Yechley, John Urich, 100 ; Feb. 16, 1749. Zimmry, Lawrence, 60; March 23,1750. Zehring, Henry, 130 ; March 1, 1760.* CHAPTER III. The Early German Settlers in Pennsylvania — Emigration of Redemp- tioners — The Scheme to Educate the Germans — Not Hessian Mer- cenaries — Manners and Customs. The early pioneers of Lebanon County, with the exception of the western portion, were principally from Gernaany, a few Swiss and French Huguenots settling among them. So imperfectly is this German settlement understood that we propose to review as briefly as possible that portion of the history of the county and the State. The origin of the German population in Pennsyl- vania dates back to the latter part of the seventeenth century. As early as 1684, Francis Daniel Pastorius, of whom the poet Whittier has sung so sweetly, with a colony of Germans settled and laid out German- town near to the metropolis. These came from Cres- heim, Germany, and were in religious opinions and proclivities allied to the Quakers. Other colonies followed, settling in different parts of the Province. It was not, however, until the years 1709 and 1710 that the emigration of the Germans was of any mag- nitude. For two or three years previous Queen Anne, of England, gave refuge to thousands of the Palatin- ates, who, oppressed by the exactions of the French, were forced to flee from their homes. It is stated that in the month of July, 1709, there arrived at London six thousand five hundred and twenty German Protestants. Transportation was gratuitously given many to America through the aid of the queen and the government of England. 'The vast majority were sent at first to New York, from whence many reached the confines of Pennsylvania, a Province the laws of which were more tolerant than those of any of the 12 HISTOKY OF LEBANON COUNTY. other colonies. Among these German emigrants were Mennonites, Dunkards, German Reformed and Luth- erans. Their number was so great during the subse- quent years that James Logan, secretary to the Pro- prietary, wrote, " We have of late great numbers of Palatines poured in upon us without any recommen- dation or notice which gives the country some un- easiness, for foreigners do not so well among us as our own English people." Two years afterwards Jon- athan Dickinson remarks, " We are daily expecting ships from London which bring over Palatines in number about six or seven thousand. We had a par- cel who came out about five years ago, who purchased land about sixty miles from Philadelphia .and prove quiet and industrious. Some few came from Ireland lately, and more are expected thence. This is besifies our common supply from Wales and England. Our friends do increase mightily, and a great people there is in the wilderness which is fast becoming a fruitful field." The German emigrants settled principally in Mont- gomery, Bucks, and Lancaster Counties ; the latter in- cluding the present counties of Dauphin and Leb- anon. They were well educated, and brought with them their ministers and school-masters ; the latter very frequently, when there was a want of supply of the former, read sermons and prayers. Between the years 1720 and 1725 a large number of Germans, who had previously settled in Schoharie County, N. Y., descended the Susquehanna Eiver on rafts to the mouth of the Swatara, ascending which stream, already settled by the Scotch-Irish, they took up their abode near the waters of the Tulpehockeu, partly in Berks County, some few within the present limits of Lebanon County. The celebrated Conrad Weiser, to whom we shall refer hereafter, was of this party of colonists. From 1725, for a period of ten years, there was an- other great influx of Germans of various religious opinions, — Reformed, Lutlierans, Moravians, Swenk- felders, and Roman Catholics. By a letter of Secre- tary James Logan, in 1725, it appears that many of these settlers were not over-scrupulous in their com- pliance with the regulations of the land-office. He says, and perchance with much truth, "They come in in crowds, and as bold, indigent strangers from Germany, where many of them have been soldiers. All these go on the best vacant tracts and seize upon them as places of common spoil." He again says " They rarely approach me on their arrival to propose to purchase;" and adds, "when they are sought out and challenged for their right of occupancy, they al- lege it was published in Europe, that we wanted and solicited for colonists, and had a superabundance of land, and therefore they had come without the means to pay." In fact, those who thus " squatted" without titles acquired enough by their thrift in a few years to pay for the land which they had thus occupied; and so, generally, they were left unmolested. Secretary Logan further states, " Many of them are Papists, — the men well armed, and as a body a warlike, morose race." In 1727 he writes, " About six thousand Germans more are expected (and also many from Ireland), and these emigrations" he "hopes may be prevented in the future by act of Parliament, else these Colonies will in time he lost to the Oroaun." The italics in the last sentence are our own. To us it seems like a prophecy. From 1785 to 1752 emigrants came into the Province by thousands. In the autumn of 1749 not less than twenty vessels with German passengers to the num- ber of twelve thousand arrived at Philadelphia. In 1750, 1751, and 1752 the number was not much less. Among those who emigrated during these years were many who bitterly lamented having forsaken their native land for the Province of Pennsylvania. At that time there was a class of Germans who had re- sided some time in Pennsylvania, well known by the j name of Neulander, who, acting in the capacity of \ agents for certain firms, — prominent Quakers of Phila- ' delphia, — went to Germany and Switzerland, prevail- ing on their countrymen to sacrifice their property and emigrate to Pennsylvania. Many persons in easy circumstances at home were induced to embark for America. False representations were made, lands were offered for the settling thereon, a nominal charge was to be made for the passage on ship-board, and every incentive employed by these nefarious agents to beguile the unsuspecting. Of the horrors and privations of that six or eight weeks on ship-board we shall not refer, the bare re- cital of which is terrible to contemplate even at this late day. The condition of these emigrants on their arrival was absolutely wretched. The exactions of the masters of the vessels, the plundering of their baggage by these unscrupulous pirates, placed them at the tender mercy of the Quaker merchants who purchased the entire cargo of living. freight as a spec- ulation, .such being the object in sending out their agents ; and men, women, and children were thus sold at auction for a term of years to the highest and best bidder. It was white slavery, and those concerned con- sidered that it paid better than negro slavery. We have recently examined some records which throw addi- tional light upon this subject of German emigration, which prove conclusively that for years this nefarious traffic was carried on. Such statement is not flattering to Pennsylvania and her history, it is true, but the people at large or the government were not wholly responsible for the acts of those who insisted upon their " pound of flesh." The persons thus disposed of were termed redemp- tioners. They were usually sold at ten pounds for from three to five years' servitude ; and in almost every instance the time for which they were sold was hon- estly served out, while many subsequently, by dint of industry and frugality, rose to positions of wealth and importance in the State and nation. GENERAL HISTORY. 13 In later times, say from 1753 to 1756, the Germans having become numerous, and therefore powerful as " make-weights" in the political balance, were much noticed in the publications of the day, and were at that period in general very hearty co-operation with the Quakers then in rule in the Assembly. From that time onward, although not so numerous, almost all the German emigrants to America located in Penn- f sylvania. \ A manuscript pamphlet in the Franklin Library at Philadelphia^ said to have been written by Samuel Wharton in 1755, contains certain facts which are worthy of reproduction in this connection, showing, as it does, their influence in the Province, whether fancied or actual we do not say. " The party on the side of the Friends," says the. writer, "derived much of their influence over the Germans, through the aid of Christopher Saner, who published a German paper in Germantown as early as 1729, and which, being much read by that people, influenced them to the side of the Friends and hostile to the Governor and Council. Through this means they have persuaded them that there was a design to enslave them, to en- force their young men, by a contemplated militia law, to become soldiers, and to load them down with taxes, etc. From such causes," be adds, "have they come down in shoals to vote, and carrying all before them." " To this I may add," says Watson, " that I have heard from the Norris family that their ances- tors in the Assembly were warmly patronized by the Germans in union with Friends. His alarms at this German influence at the polls, and his proposed rem- edies for the then dreaded evils, as they show the prevalent feelings of his associates in politics, may serve to amuse the present generation. He says the best efiects of these successes of the Germans will probably be felt through many generations ! Instead of a peaceable, industrious people as before, they are grown now insolent, sullen, and turbulent, in some counties threatening even the lives of all those who oppose their views, because they are taught to regard government and slavery as one and the same thing. All who are not of their party they call ' Governor's men,' and themselves they deem strong enough to make the country their own ! Indeed, they come in in such force, say upwards of five thousand in the last year, I see not but they may soon be able to give us law and language too, or else, by joining the French, eject all the English. That this may be the case is too much to be feared, for almost to a man they refused to bear arms in the time of the late war, and they say it is all one to them which king gets the country, as their estates will be equally secure. In- deed it is clear that the French have turned their hopes upon this great body of Germans. They hope to allure them by grants of Ohio lands. To this end they send their Jesuitical emissaries among them to persuade them over to the Popish religion. In con- cert with this the French for so many years have en- croached on our Province, and now are so near their scheme as to be within two days' march of some of our back settlements," alluding, of course, to the state of the western country, overrun by French and Indians just before the arrival of Braddock's forces in Virginia in 1755, and concerning which we shall have something to say further on in our history. The writer imputes their wrong bias in general to their '' stubborn genius and ignorance," which he proposes to soften by education ; " a scheme still sug- gested as necessary to give the general mass of the inland country Germans right views of public indi- vidual interests. To this end he proposes that faith- ful Protestant ministers and school-masters should be supported among them ; that their children should be taught the English tongue ; the government in the mean time should suspend their right of voting for members of Assembly, and to incline them the sooner to become English in education and feeling, we should compel them to make all bonds and other legal wri- tings in English, and no newspaper or almanac be circulated among them unless also accompanied by the English thereof." "Finally," he concludes, " without some such measure I see nothing to prevent this Province from falling into the hands of the French." A scheme to educate the Germans as the one alluded to was put on foot in 1755, and carried on for several years, but really with little good re- sults. The German settlers appreciated education, for they brought their ministers and school-masters with them, and there were few who could not read or write. They c6uld write their name, and as great a proportion as their English neighbors, the Quakers. The difficulty was not alone to educate them in the English tongue, but for the English Church. That they did not take kindly to, and after the lapse of a century and a quarter in many localities there is the same objection to the "scheme of 1755." This mat- ter has been wrongly construed to the detriment of the German settlers. They fostered education, but they did not at the first take kindly to the English vernacular. While upon this subject of the early settlement, it may as well be stated that the Pennsylvania Germans i are not the descendants of the Hessians who were | brought to America by the British government to put ' down the rebellion of 1776, as has repeatedly been charged by New England historians. This statement is as impudent as it is false. All of the German " Mercenaries," as they are called, who were prisoners of war and stationed in Pennsylvania, according to Baron Eeidesel, who was one of the commanders, were properly accounted for, and were returned to their own country upon the evacuation of New York by the British. They did not remain ; as it was a con- dition entered into by the English government with the Landgrave of Brunswick, the Duke of Hesse- Cassel, and the petty princes of Hanau and Wal- 14 HISTOEY OF LEBANON COUNTY. deck, that a certain price was to be paid for every man killed, wounded, or missing. Before the official proclamation of peace, the Hessian prisoners were on their way to New York, by direction of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. Some few de- serted, and some eventually returned to America after their transportation to Germany, but the bold asser- tion that the origin of the large German population of Pennsylvania is due to the settlement of those hired mercenaries of England, cannot be supported, and shows the profoundest historical ignorance and audacious stupidity. Pennsylvania took the lead of all the colonies in agriculture because of the great number of Germans settling in the Province ; and Governor Thomas, as early as 1738, wrote, " This Province has been for some years the asylum of the distressed Protestants of the Palatinate and other parts of Germany, and I believe it may with truth be said that the present flourishing condition of it is in a great measure owing to the industry of those people — ^it is not altogether the goodness of the soil, but the number and industry of the people that make a flourishing colony." — ( Col. JRec, iv. p. 813.) The exportation of farm products kept pace with the increase of the population. In 1751 there were exported 86,000 bushels of wheat, 129,960 barrels of flour, 90,743 bushels of Indian corn. The total exports of 1761 exceeded $1,000,- 000 in value. This was at a period when the entire population did not exceed 180,000, whereof nearly one-half were Germans. That the Germans of Pennsylvania have been so uniformly successful in acquiring wealth is due to their industry, to their thrift, and to their knowledge of agricultural pursuits. If some portions of Penn- sylvania are the garden-spots of America they have been made so by the Germans who have tilled them, —who have indeed " made the wilderness to blossom as the rose." Not anywhere in the New England States, in New York, nor in the South are farms so well tilled, so highly cultivated, as in the sections of Pennsylvania where the descendants of the Germans predominate; and we assert, without fear of contra- diction, tliat more works on agriculture, more papers devoted (o farming, are taken and read by the so- called "Pennsylvania Dutch" farmers than by the farmers of any other section of the Union. That our German citizens are not " content to live in huts" is palpably certain, and whoever will go into the homes of our farmers will find evidence of both re- finement and culture, their farms being easily distin- guished from those of others by the good fences, the extent of the orchard, the fertility of the soil, the pro- ductiveness of the fields, the luxuriance of the mead- ows, the superiority of his horse, which seems to feel with his owner the pleasure of good living. And al- though their barns are capacious, because their dwell- ings are not castles, they should not be accused of indif- ference to their own domiciles. At the present time it is rare to find a farm-house in the old German settle- ments that does not contain a double parlor, sitting- room, dining-room, kitchen and out-kitchen, with six or eight bedrooms. This is more general in the counties of Berks, Lancaster, Lebanon, Dauphin, and Cumberland than among the New England set- tled counties of the North and West, — the Quaker counties of Chester and Bucks, in Pennsylvania, — and to go to New England, the latter are not to be mentioned in comparison. Of the Pennsylvania German language or idiom, which is the vernacular of the greater portion of the people of Lebanon County, we will not speak, except to state that, at the present time, there are few per- sons speaking this patois who are unable also to speak and read English. Those who are not conversant with English are of recent importation from the Fatherland. Because the Dunkards and other re- ligious bodies retain the peculiar views of their an- cestors they are accused of being unprogressive, of "preserving the customs and general characteristics of the race, which is far from the truth. Next to the Scotch-Irish no race has left such a high and lofty impress upon this nation as has the German. There is less ignorance and superstition in the German counties of Pennsylvania than will be found in any agricultural region East, West, North, or South. Because some old plodding farmer, who prefers re- maining on his farm, attending to his cattle and grain, caring little of going beyond the county town in his visits, his disinclination ought not to be im- puted to either his ignorance or to his being close- fisted. In the German counties one rarely meets with an individual who has never been " to town,'' and we venture an opinion that both in the New England States and in New York are there many persons who have never visited the county seat; and as for visiting Boston and New York City, where one farmer has visited either metropolis, we assert that two Pennsylvania German farmers have seen their own city of Philadelphia. German opposition to common schools has been a terrible bugaboo to very many outside of Pennsyl- vania, who never understood the occasion of it. Foremost among the opponents of the free-schoor system were the Quakers, the opposition arising from the fact that, having had schools established for many years, supported by their own contribu- tions, they were opposed to being taxed for the edu- cational maintenance of others. Precisely similar were the objections in the German districts. As stated in the outset of this article, the German emi- grants brought their school-masters with them, and schools were kept and supported by them. More frequently the church pastor served as teacher, and hence, when the proposition came to establish the system of public education, the people were not pre- pared for it, for the free schools severed education from positive religion. But that was nearly fifty years GENERAL HISTORY. 15 ago, and, to the credit and honor of the German ele- ment in Pennsylvania, Governor George Wolf, the father of the free-school system, and Governor Joseph Eitner and William Audenreid, the earnest advocates of the same, were of German descent. The opposi- tion died away in a few years, and a glance at the school statistics of Pennsylvania would open the eyes { of our New England friends and astonish the descend- ants of Diedrich Knickerbocker. The present sys- ' tern and management of public education in our State is in the lead in the Union, and figures and facts will bear us out in our assertion. To the domestic manners and customs of the Penn- sylvania Germans we shall not particularly refer, save to repel certain insinuations frequently made by igno- / rant historians. It has been stated as a veritable fact ( that the custom of " bundling" is a peculiar custom I' among the Pennsylvania Germans, and that it survives \ to the present day, which is as absurd as it is false. '' Despite all that may be said in regard to it, it was a rare circumstance seventy-five or eighty years ago, . and all knowledge of it was obtained from the staid / New England people and the low Dutch of New York. / According to the Eev. Samuel Peters, who published . a " History of Connecticut" a hundred years ago, that custom prevailed in New England for one hundred and sixty years, while most of the New England geneal- ogies and histories refer to it as occurring there. Stiles, in his history of it, states that the custom was not only brought over from Holland by the Dutch emigrants to New York, but blames New England for propagating it, and refers incidentally to the fact that " the contagion" reached in time the German settlements in Pennsylvania. To fasten its origin or prevalence to a great extent upon the Pennsylvania " Dutch" is as impudent as it is unjust. If it was a rare occurrence eighty years ago, propriety and good man- ners, of which the Germans of Pennsylvania have as proper conceptions as the people of any other State, have obliterated the evil borrowed from the Eastern States of the Union, where it was indigenous. As a general thing, the first settlers were staid farmers. Their mutual wants produced mutual de- pendence, hence they were kind and friendly to each other, — they were ever hospitable to strangers. Their want of money in the early times made it necessary for them to associate for the purpose of building houses, cutting their grain, etc. This they did in turn for each other without any other pay than the pleasures which usually attended a country frolic. Strictly speaking, what are attributed to them as vir- tues might be called good qualities, arising from neces- sity, and the peculiar state of society in which these people lived, — patience, industry, and temperance. Within the limits of Lebanon County are to be seen many stone houses erected by the pioneers, which are owned by the great-grandsons of those who set- tled prior to 1735, and by whom these records of their ancestry will be greatly prized. DIE ERSTE DEITSCHE SETTLER. Die Erste Deitsche Settler — Ken Hessiache Mercenaries — Die Redemp- tionerB — Der Plan die Pennsilfaniech Deitsche zu Lerne — Ihre "Wehge, etc. Die erste settler fon Levnon County, echssept's westlich dehl, ware's menscht fon Deitschland; en paar Schweitzer un Franzoesische Huguenots settel- ten sich unnich sie. So unfollkomme is des Deitsch settelment ferstanne, dos mer im sinn hen, so korz os mer kenne, en dehl fon der g'schicht fom county un der sthaet zu gewe. Der ursprung fon der Deitsche population in Penn- silfani geht z'rueck his in's siverzehte yohrhunnert. So frueh os 1684 hot der Francis Daniel Pastorius, fon dem der dichter so suesz g'sunge hot, German- town naecht der Hoptstadt mit ehner colony fon Deitsche g'settelt un ausg'legt. Die sin fon Cres- lieim, Deitschlond, komme, un ware in ihrer Christ- licher sinne un opinions mit der Quakers ferbunne Annere colonies sin nochkomnae un hen sich in dif- ferente dehle fom Provinz nunner g'settelt. Es war awer net bis die yohr 1709 un 1710 dos fiel Deitsch- laenner ruewer komme sin. For zweh oder drei yohr forher hot die Koenigin Anne fon Englond dausende fon der Palatinates die fon der Fransose unnerdrueckt ware un ihre hehmathe ferlosse hen muesse, ufholt gewe. Es werd g'sawt dos im monat Juli, 1709, about 6520 deitsche Brotestante noch London komme sin. Dorch die huelf fon der koenigin uns goverment fon Englond sin fiel frei noch Amerika g'sohickt worre. Der groeszt dehl is sehrst noch Nei Yorriok g'schickt worre, un fon do sin fiel noch Pennsilfani gauge. Do ware die laws meh g'lind os sie in ehniche fon dene annere neue colonies ware. Unner dene Deitsche eisiedler ware Mennonischte, Dunker, deitsche Re- formirte un Lutherische. Ihre nummer war so grosz in der naechste yohre dos James Logan, secretary zu der Proprietary, g'schriewe hot, " Mer hen schun en well her grosze nummer fon Palatinates do ruewer g'schickt krickt, unnich ehnige recommendation oder notis, un es macht die leit unruhig, well auslaenner net so gut duhn unner uns os unser ehgene englische leit." Zweh yohr nochderhand hot der Jonathan Dickson g'sawt, " Mer echspeckte alle dawg schiflf fon London, die fon sechs bis siewe dausend Palatines ruewer bringe. Mer hen en klehne drupp die about fuenf yohr z'rueck ruewer komme sin, un hen sich lond gekauft about sechszig meil fon Fildelfy un sie sin stille, hortschaflBge leit. En paar sin kerzlick fon Eirland komme un mer echspeckte noch meh fon dort. Dernoh sin ehwe noch fiel Welsche un Eng- laenner. Unsere freind duhne maechtig zunehme un en grosz folk is do in dere wildernisz die eb long en fruchtbar feld gebt." Selle eisiedler hen sich's menscht in Montgomery, Bucks, un Lengeshter Counties nunner g'settelt. Selle- mols hen Dauphin un Levnon Counties noch zu Len- geshter kehrt. Sie ware gut g'lernt un hen ihre parrer 16 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. un schulmehster mit sich gebrocht; un oftmols wann's net genung porrer ware hen die schulmehster predige un gebeter g'lese. Zwische der yohr 1720 un 1725 sin en grosze num- mer Deitsche die frueher in Schoharie County, Nei Yorrick, g'settelt hen kot, der Susquehanna Eevver nunner gange uf rafts bis an's maul fon der Schwatar un sin dernoh der strom nufgange, wo schun g'settelt war fon Scotch-Eirische, un hen sich hehmathe uf- g'nomme naechst an der Dulbehocke, en dehl derfon in Berricks County un en paar in was nau Levnon County is. Der beruehmt Conrad Weiser, fon dem mer nochher mehner zu sawge hen, hot zu derer party fon settler kehrt. Fon 1725, for en zeit fon zehe yohr sin fiel Deitsche fon unnerschittliche christliche g'sinne ruewer komme, Reformirte, Lutherische, Herrnhuter, Schwenkfelder, un Eoemisch Kadolische. Aus'me brief dos dersecretary James Logan in 1726 g'schriewe hot scheint's dos fiel fon dene settler sich net fiel g'wisse g'macht hen wege der ruhls fon der lond oflBs. Er sawgt, un ferleicht mit fiel wohret, "Sie komme rei in druppe, un wie bolde, arme fremme fon Deitsch- lond, wu fiel derfon soldawte ware. Sie gehne all uf 's best lehr lond un nemme's os wann's ehnig epper kehre date." Er sawgt widder, "Sie komme selte zu mier wann sie ahlande un foddere zu kawfe," un sawgt er, "wann mer sie aussucht un frogt sie for ihre reclite zum lond, dann sawge sie 'swar bekonnt g'macht in Eiroba dos mer settler hawe welle un dos mer lond im uewerflusz hette, un fordessin sie komme unne geld for's lond zu kawfe." In der daht, die wu sich so nunner " geblotscht" hen unnich ehnich recht hen in a paar yohr geld genung g'spart for's lond zu bezahle wu sie ufg'nomme kot hen, un so sin sie g'woehnlich geh g'losst wore. Der secretary Logan sawgt weiter naus, " Fiel fon dene sin Kadolische — "die mannsleit hen feier g'wehre, un os en kloss sin sie en ferfochte un souer folk." In 1727, schreibt er, " About sechs dousend meh Deitsche werre echsspect (un ah fon Eirlond) un die eisiedler," er " hofFt kenne ferhueht werre uf welder naus dorch en Act fon Par- liament, sunsht werre die colonies in zeit zu der crown verlohre. Die letzt sentence hen mer selwer in schworze buchstahwe ufsetze losse. Es scheint uns schier gar wie en profezeihung. Fon 1735 bis 1752 sin emigrants in die Province komme beim dousend. Im herbst fon 1749 sin net weniger os zwansich schiff mit Deitsche passengers zu der nummer fon 12,000 in Fildelfy ahkomme. In 1750, 1751 un 1752 war die nummer net fiel weuicher. Unnich dene wu in dene yohre ahkomme sin ware fiel wu's orrig g'speit hot dos sie ihre hehmathe ferlossen hen un noch der Province fon Pennsilfani komme sin. Zu seller zeit war en kloss Deitsche wu schun aweil in Fildelfy g'wohnt hen, gut bekannt beim nahme fon Neulaenner, wu gedient hen ols agents for g'wisse firma, fon der foerderste Quakers ia Fildelfy sin noch Deitschlond un der .Schweitz gange, un hen ihre londsleit ferbloudert ihre hehmathe zu verloase un noch Pennsilfani zu geh. Fiel leit in gute umstaende derhehm sin ferbloudert worre noch Amerika zu geh. Falsche b'richte sin g'macht worre — lond is ahgebotte worre youscht for's drufsettle — en klehne sum hot gechargt selle werre for uf em schiff ruewer zu komme — un alle fersprechunge sin g'macht worre fon dene deiflische agents die unschuldige zu ferfuehre. Fon der schrecke un suffering in seller sechs oder acht woche uf'm schifl!" weller mer mix sawge, 'sis so schlimm genung wann mer alleweil noch drahdenkt. Der zustand fon dene emigrants wu sie ahkomme sin war orrig schrecklich. Die maester fon der schiff hen sie so hort kalte, hen ihr baggage geplundert un wu sie ruewer komme sin warre sie ewe in der haend fon dene Quaker merchants un die hen die ganz load fon lewendiche mensche gakawft for en speculation — for sell war ihr object wu sie ihre agents naus g'schickt hen — un maenner, weiwer, un kinner sin uf seller weg uf auction ferkauft worre for en g'wisse zahl yohr zum hoechste un beste bieter. 'Swar weise schklaferei un die wu connect ware mit hen gezaehlt dos es besser bezahlt wie neger schklaferei. Mer hen kerzlich dehl fon der records unnersucht, un die hen uns meh licht gewe uf der subject fon Deitsche emi- gration, un pruft ganz deitlich dos for yohre long die deiflisch bisniss ahgecarried is worre. Des stahtment weist net orrig gut for' Pennsilfani un sei history, sell is wohr — awer die leit im ganze oder's goverment ware net ganz zu blahme for die acts fon seller wu druf insist hen uf's " pund fleesch." Die leit wu so abg'schafft sin worre sin Redemption- 'ers g'heese worre. Sie sin for commen an zehe pund ferkauft worre for en dienst fon drei bis fuenf yohr ; un schier alsfort hen sie die ganz zeit ehrlich ausge- dient, un fiel derfon sin nochderhond mit hort schaf- fes un spares reich worre un hen importente stelle in der Sthate un im goverment kohwe. In spaetere zeite, sag fon 1753 bis 1756, hen die Deitsche orrig zug'nomme un hen en groszer power kot in der politics ; 'sis fiel fon'ne g'sawt worre in der zeitinge wu gedruckt worre sin, un zu sellere zeit ware sie in partikler ehnig mit der Quakers wu sellemol in der Semmly g'ruhlt hen. Fon seller zeit fort, wann schun net so fiel komme sin, hen schier all die Dietsche wu ruewer komme sin noch Amerika sich in Pennsilfani g'settelt. En schreiwes in der Franklin library, in Fildelfy, dos sie sawge fon ehm Samuel Wharton g'schriewe is worre in 1755, hot fiel facts drin dos es derwerth is dos mer do mentioned, well's ihrer eiflusz weist in der Province. Eb's youscht so war kenne mer net sawge. "Die party uf der seit fon der Quakers," sawgt der schreiwer, " hen fiel fon ihrem eiflusz uewer die Dietsche krickt dorch die hilf fon Christopher Sauer, der en Deitsche zeiting gedruckt hot in Germantown, schun in 1729, un well die fiel g'lese is worre fon dene leit hot's en groszer effect kot sie uf die seit fon der Quakers zu bringe un sie gehge der Governier un der GENERAL HISTORY. 17 Council zu mache. Uf der weg hen sie sie weis g'macht dos sie schklawfe aus ihne mache wette; sie hen fiel fun ihre yunge maenner dorch die militz soldawte werre mache, un hen sie nunner glawde mit toxe, &c., UQ aus dene ursache, sawgt er, sin sie in druppe komme zu stimme un hen olles gebotte wos gehge sie war." " Zu dem mag ich sawge," sawgt der Watson, " dos ich fon der Norris familyeh g'hoert hab, das ihre forfetter in der Semmly unnerstuetzt sin worre fon der Deitsche un der Quakers. Sei schreibe wehge der Deitsche ihrer eiflusz an der lechshun un die mittel wu er propost hot for die schreckliche uewel, so wie sie fon seiner kommrade ahg'sehne ware, sin laecherlich wann mer z'rueck denkt. Er sawgt dos der grosz success fon der Deitsche ferleicht noch dorch fiel yohr g'fuehlt werd ! Anstatts os ruhige un hort- schafflge leit,wie sie derfor ware, sin sie nau groszmei- lich un ferfochte, — un in dehl counties duhne sie's lewe drowe fon dene wu en differente opinion hen, well sie g'lernt worre sin dos es goverment un schklaferei ehns sin. All die wu net zu ihrer party kehre hehse sie die " Governier' s maenner,'' un sie mehne sie wehre selwer stark genung for's lond ihrer ehges zu mache ! In der daht sie komme do rei in grosze druppe, about 6000 im letzte yohr, un ich kann net annerst sehne dos uewer aweil sie uns law un die sproch gewe, oder gehne ei mit der Fransoze un duhne's Englisch ganz ferwerfe. Es mus ehmbang sei dos es noch so werd, well kehns fon'ne g'wehre getrahge hot im letze krieg, un sie sawge, 'sis all ehns zu ihne weller koenich os es lond krickt, weil ihrer property ennihow sicher is. In fact, 'sis plahn dos die Fransoze ihre hoffung hen in derer grosze drupp fon Deitsche. Sie echsspeckte sie zu locke dorch laenner dos sie ihne in Ohio gewe welle. For des schicke sie fon ihrer Kadolische speis unnich sie for sie nuewer zu ferblaudere in die Kado- lisch kerch. Beseits des sin die Fransoze schun for fiel yohr ols welter rei komme un hen ihre plans nau so naechst fertich dos sie in zweh dawg's march in unsere hinnere settelments kenne," — er mehnt bei dem, beshure, der zustond fom westliche dehl wu uewerronnt wor mit Fransoze un Insching, youscht eb der Braddock ahkomme is mit seine druppe in 1775, un fon sellem hen mer noch meh zu sawge weiterah. Der schreiwer sohreibt ihre falsche notions im all- gemehne zu~ihrer "stoweriche idees un dummheit" wu er mit lerning ferennerer will " en plan wu als noch forg'schlage werd um die mehnste fon der Deitsche im inlond rechte opinions zu gewe fon ihre ehgene interesse. Doher schlagt er for dos getreue brotestan- tische prediger un schulmehster unnerstuetzt werre fon ihne. Dos ihre kinner in der englische sproch g'lernt werre ; es goverment sett in derer weil ihne's recht nemme zu schtimme for members fon der Semmly ; un um sie des der g'soh winder zu kriege die Englisch sproch ahzunemme sette sie gezwunge werre ihre benner un anner schreiwes in Englisch mache, un ken annere os wie Englische zeitinge oder kallener sette unnich sie g'schickt werre." E " Im schlusz," sawgt er, "wann ken so mittel ge- braucht werre konn ich net sehne wie's ferhueht kann werre dos die Province net in die haend fon der Fransoze fallt. En plan um die Deitsche zu unner- richte, wie ohwe g'meld werd, is g'sthaert worre in 1765, un for en paai: yohr ahgecarried worre, awer hot net fiel gebatt. Die Deitsche settler hen lerning net feracht, un hen ihre ehgene prediger un schulmehster mit sich gebrocht, un 'sware wennich unnich ihne dos net lese un schreiwe hen kenne. So fiel fon ihne hen ihre nahme schreiwe kenne os ihre englische noch- borre die Quakers. Die difficulty war net sie in der englischer sproch zu lerne, awer for die englisch ker- rich. Selle hen sie net gegliche, un nau wann en hunnert un zwansich yohr ferbei sin hot's noch fiel gehgende wu sie die sehme obcheckschuns hen zum ' plan fon 1756.' In derer sach sin die Deitsche set- tler unschuldig geblahmt worre — sie ware in favor fon lerning — awer sie hen net am ehrste die englisch sproch gegliche." Weil mer nan uf dem subject sin for der erster set- tler, moecht mer youscht so well sawge dos die Penn- silfanisch Deitsche ken nochkimmling sin fon der Hesse wu's Britisch goverment ruewer gebrocht hot for in der rebellyun fon 1776 zu helfe, wie fiel fon den Nei Englaenner schreiwer schun so oft g'sawgt hen. Sell sthatement is about so mean as es falsch is. All die Deitsche " Mercenaries," wie sie kehse worre sin, wu preasender ware in Pennsilfani, wie der Baron Eeidesel sawgt, wu ihrer Kommander war, sin widder all nuewer g'schickt worre noch ihrem ehgene lond, nochdem die Brittische Nei Yorrick ufgewe hen. Sie sin net doh geblue.hwe ; weil's Englisch goverment en baehrge g'macht kotte hot mit'm Landgrave fon Brunswick, der Duke fon Hesse-Kassel, un dieklehne Prinze from Hanau un Waldeck, dos en gewisser preis bezahlt werre muss for alle man os dohd g'macht, ferwund werd oder ferlohre geht. Eb dos der friede g'sproche war, ware die Hessische pressender uPm weg noch Nei Yorrick, bei der order fom Suprem Execu- tiv Council fon Pennsilfani. En paarsin dorch gauge un sin widder noch Amerika komme, nochdem dos sie in Deitschlond ahg'land hen, awer dos die grosz Deitsoh population fon Pennsilfani fon dene Hes- sische "Mercenaries" herstammt, kann net geprufht werre, un weist wie dumm fiel fon dene schreiwer sinn. Pennsilfani hot der lead g'nomme fon all der an- nere colonies im bauerer, weil schier all die Deitsche sich dort hie g'settelt hen ; un der Governier Thomas hot schun so frueh os 1738 g'schriewe, " Die Province war schun for etliche yohr en sylum for die nuii'ier- gedrueckte Brotestante in der Palatinate un annere dehle fon Deitschlond ; un, ich glawb, es konn mit der wohret g'sawt werre, dos ihrer jetziger wochsicher zustond im groeszte dehl is wehge dene fleisiche leit, — 'sis net youscht der bodder, awer die nummer un der fleisz fon der leit wu en successfulle colony macht.'' Die bauerei sache wu sie ferkawft hen, hot zu g'nomme 18 HISTOKY OP LEBANON COUNTY. wie die population groeszer is worre. In 1751 sin 86,000 bushel wehze, 129,960 barl flauer, un 90,743 bushel welschkorn ferkawft worre. Alles tsamme war in 1751 newer eh million dahler werth. Des war annere zeit wu die ganz population net uewer 180,000 war, un fon dene ware schier die haelft Deitsche. Weil die Deitsche fon Pennsilfani so orrig success- ful ware un reich worre sin is weil sie fleiszige, spar- some leit un gute bauerer sin. Wann dehl blaetz in Pennsilfani die schoenste sin in Amerika dann sin sie so g'macht wore fon der Deitsche wu d'ruf g'wohnt hen, die hen g'wiss " die wilderniss bluehe mache wie en rose." Net in der Nei Englond stahte, in Nei Yorrick, oder in der Suedliche stahte werre die bauereie so gut gebaut, oder's lond so gut gekultivaht OS wie in dene sections fon Pennsilfani, wu die noch- kimmling fon der Deitsche forner drah sin ; un mer sawge, unne fercht fon widderbatt, dos meh buecher of baueri sache, un meh bauerer zeitinge g'nomme un g'lese werre fon dene so g'nennte " Pennsilfanisch Deitsche" bauerer os fon ehniche annere bauerer er- ghends sunscht in der Union. Dos unsere Deitsche eiwohner rae< " g'satisfied sin in huette zu wohne" is ganz g'wis, un werever in ehns fon der hehmethe fon unserer bauerer geht werd tsehche finne fon lerning un refeinment. Hire bauereie kann mer gut kenne fon der annere wehge ihre gute fense, grosze bahm- gaerte, guter bodde, fruchtbare felder, maschte wisse, un fon der beschte geil, die so gut os ihre mehster wisse wos gut lewe is. Un wann schun ihre scheierer grosz sin, weil ihre wohnheiser ken palaste sin, sett doch niemond denke dos sie nix um ihre heiser gewe. Zu derer zeit is es hort en bauererhous zu finne in der alte Deitsche settelments dos net en doppelter parlor, sitzstub, esstub, kich, un auskich, mit sechs odder acht schlofstuwe hot. Des is meh der foil in der counties fon Derricks, Lengeshter, Levnon, Dau- phin, un Cumberlond, ols wie unnich denne Nei Englond g'settelte counties fom Nord un West, — die Quaker counties fon Chester un Bucks in Pennsilfani, un wann mer noch Nei England geht, do sin sie gar net zu fergleiche mit dene annere. Fon der Pennsilfanisch Deitschesproch,wu'sgroeszte dehl fon der leit in Levnon County schwaetze, weller mer net fiel sawge, echssept dos zu derer zeit es ganz wennich hot wudie sproch schwaetze dos net ah eng- lisch lese un schwaetze kenne. Du wu net englisch kenne sin youscht kerzlich fom Fodderlond komme. Weil die Dunker un dehl annere seckte die appartige notions fon ihre foreltere noch hen sawge flel sie duhne ken fortschritt mache — ^duhne ols noch die alte wehge un notions ufhalte — awer sell is weit fon der wohret. Naechst zu der Scotch-Eirische is hen folk dos so'n groszer un guter eidruck g'macht hot uf en lond os wi die Deitsche. Sie sin' net so schlecht g'lerut un so superstiches in der Deitsche counties fon Pennsil- fani 03 wi sie sin in fiel annere gehgende oestlich, westlich, noerdlich, odder suedlich. Weil en alter, hartschafiicher bauer, der liewer uf seiner bauerei bleibt, un seim fleh un frucht nochguckt, un geht net fiel week fon hehm, dann sett mer net sawge dos er dumm un geizich is. In dene Deitsche counties find mer net boll ehner os net .schun in "der schtad" war un mer ventere zu sawge dos in der Nei Englond sthate un in Nei Yorrick fiel meh zu finne sin dos noch nie net in der county-stodt ware ; un so weit os Boston un Nei Yorrick City ahgeht, wu ehn bauer in dene sthaed war hen zweh Pennsilfanisch Deitsche bauerer ihre ehgene sthad fon Fildelfy g'sehne. Wehge der Deitsche opposition zu freischule hen fiel fon dene wu outseid fon Pennsilfani g'wohnt hen en gross fuss g'macht, awer sie hen die soch nie net ferstanne. Die foerderste fon dene wu gehge die freischule ware ware die Quakers, weil sie for fiel yohr ihre ehgene schule kot hen, un for des ware sie gehge die toxe zu bezahle for annere ihre schule. Grad so war's in der Deitsche settelments. Wie mer g'sawt hen im awfang fon dem stueck, die Deitscher settler hen ihre ehgene schulmehster mit gebrocht un hen ihre ehgene schule ufg'kolte un unnerstuetzt. 0ft- mols war der predicher der schulmehster un dann wu's proport worre is for freischule ufzusthaerte ware die leit net ready derfor, weil die freischule die kerrich un lerning g'separat hen. Awer sell war schier fuf- zich yohr z'rueck, un zu der ehr fom Deitsche element in Pennsilfani, der Governier Wolf, der fodder fon der freischule, un der Governier Joseph Eitner un William Audenried, ernstliche mithelfer, ware fon Deitscher herkutift. Die opposition is ausg'storwe in a paar yohr ; un en blick an unsere schul reports daeht dehl fon unsere Nei Englond freind un die nochkimmling fom Diedrick Knickerbocker die awge ufmache. Der system un's manetchment fon unsere freischule is alleweil fornedrau in der Union, un die facts un figgers duhne sell pruhfe. Fon der wege un habits fon der Pennsilfanisch Deitsche will ich welters net fiel sawge, echssept etiiche falsche reports os so dumme schreiwer g'macht hen zu ferlegle ; 'sis g'sawt worre os en wohret dos der ge- brauch fon " bundling" (mit der maed in's bett gab zu schpaerke), en apportiger practis is unnich dene leit, un dos es heit noch geduh werd, un sell is about so dumm OS es falsch is. Alles wos g'sawt kann werre fon derer soch is dos es selte g'happent hot 70 odder 80 yohr z'rueck, un derno hen sie's g'lernt fon der staide Nei Englaenner un der low Dutch fon Nei Yorrick. Noch ehme "History fon Connecticut," gepublisht beim preddicher Samuel Peters, en hun- nert yohr z'rueck, war sell die faeschen in Nei Eng- lond for en hunnert un sechszig yohr, un die mehnste Nei Englond schreiwer un histories sawge dos sell ihrer weg war dort. Stiles in seiner history, sawgt dos selle wege sin net youscht fon HoUond bei der Dutch noch Nei Yorrick gebrocht worre, awer er blaehmt die Nei Englaenner for's auszusphreade, un sawgt dos endlich aw's "fiewer" unnich Pennsilfanisch Deitsche - komme is. Awer zu sauge dos selle wege serscht unnich der Pensilfanisch Deitsche ahg'fange hen, GENERAL HISTORY. 19 is so schaendlich os es unrecht is. Wann's en rahre g'schioht war achtzichyohrz'rueck, dann hot der gross ferstand un die gute manners wu die Deitaclie fon Pennsilfani about so fiel derfon hen os ehnige annere leit in der Union, des newel schun long aiisg'wischt wu sie fon der oestlische sthaehte g'lernt hen kot, wu's nattierlich hie kehrt. Als en commen ding ware die erste settler sthaide bauerer. Sie hen so ziemlich alias unner sich kott un hen'nanner mit holfe — doher ware sie gut un freindlich gehgig ennanner — un hen fremme immer gut bekoesticht. Weil sie Ijen geld kot hen in der fruehere zeite war's nothwennich dos sie z'sammer g'schafFt hen for ihre heiser zu baue, hoi un frucht ab- zumache, &c. Des hen sie geduh for 'nanner unnich ehnige bezohlung echssept die plesier wu sie kot hen bei'nanner. Dorcheweck ware sie'sobere, hortschof- fiche leit. Es hot alleweil noch in Levnon County fon der stonicher heiser die gebout ware fon der erster settler, die nau geehgend sin fon der kinskinner fon dene wu do g'settelt hen for 1735, un bei dene werre die alte records fun ihrer forfetter hooh g'schaetzt. CHAPTER IV. The Lebanon Valley in 1748— Bishop Cammerhoif's Journey from Beth- lehem to Shamokin ; Thrilling Narrative of his Adventures. Among the Moravian archives, at Bethlehem, is the narrative of Bishop Cammerhoff of his journey to Shamokin, now Suhbury, on the Susquehanna, in the winter of 1748, and for the translation of which we are indebted to Rt. Rev. Edmund de Schweinitz, of the Moravian Church. The narrative is of exceeding interest to us, for it gives us a number of facts relating to this section of country, besides illustrating in a great measure the self-denying devotion of those pious men of the Moravian faith, who, to spread the power of the gospel to all peoples, thought not of per- sonal comforts, home, or of life itself. The lives of these heroic missionaries are in striking contrast with the self-abnegation of the early Quakers, andshed an undying glory not only upon the church to which their labors were given, but upon the provincial his- tory of Pennsylvania, tinging its clouds with a silver halo. , r T,- ^ In September of 1742, Count Zinzendorf, Bishop Boehler, Anna Nitschman, and John Martin Mack and wife, with Conrad Weiser, Henry Leinback, and Joshua and David, Indian converts, visited Shamokin with a view of commencing a mission there among the Indians. The town, in consequence of its com- manding position, was one of the most important Indian towns in the Province, and was held by the Six Nations, the well-known chief, Shikellimy, residing there as viceroy. At the date of this narrative it con- tained upwards of fifty houses, and three hundred in- habitants, one-half Delawares, and the others Senecas and Tudelars. The acquaintance which Zinzendorf made with Shikellimy was carefully followed up by the Moravian Brethren, and ripened into a friendship which ceased only with his death. In the summer of 1747, at the request of Shikellimy, a smithy and house were erected by the Brethren Joseph Powell and John Hagan, and in August Anton Schmidt was appointed blacksmith. J. Martin Mack and wife were also ap- pointed to superintend the mission to be commenced. Zeisberger, Post, Bruce, Rauoh, Pyrlaeus, and other Moravian brethren, visited and labored there until the abandonment of the station in October of 1755. In closing his review of the Shamokin mission. Bishop Loskiel writes, — "Their house was frequently injured by the violent storms of thunder and rain prevailing in that district. Sometimes their planta- tions were destroyed by hail ; earthquakes shook their dwellings and filled them with apprehension ; but their principal danger arose from the drunken- ness of the Indians, whose fury in that state threaten the lives of all who interfere with them. The Breth- ren were also often alarmed by parties of warriors of diflTerent nations, then at war with the Catawbas, passing to and fro with captives. They treated their prisoners with great cruelty, and the Brethren, as white people, were in danger of being murdered in their riots. But their confidence in God remained unshaken; otherwise, witnessing such horrid abomi- nations, and subject to great abuse and insult, their courage might have subsided had not the hand of God in mercy supported them." NAEKATIVE OF BISHOP CAMMERHOFF, 1748. '^■January 6. — Accompanied by Brother Joseph Powell I set out for Shamokin in the afternoon. We proceeded this day as far aa Macungy. " Jamuinj T —Set out for Tulpehocken. The snow lay deep on the ground, and being covered with a hard crnst, the horses which carried our supplies could travel but slowly, and as all traces of a road were frequently obliterated, evening had set in when we struck the Ontalauna. We passed the night at the house of Moses Starr, a Quaker, with whom our itinerant brethren frequently lodged. ^^ January 8 — Early in the morning arrived at the Schuylkill. We found tlie river frozen in the middle, but open along the banks. Well knowing that we were making a venture, and yet there being no alter- native, we leaped upon the ice with halter in hand, our horses following. Wlien half-way across the stream, Brockden's bay, whom I was leading, broke through the ice, but by a well-directed spring regained its foot- ing. " Powell and the grey had a similar mishap near the farther bank. My companion, more unfortunate than I had been, got into the watpr waist deep. After a ride in intensely cold weather, with no other ad- ventures, we entered Heidelberg. Here we met Brother Neubert, who was on his way to Bethlehem from the Swatara. He informed us that one of his members had set out for Shamokin with supplies for the Mis- sion, three weeks ago, but finding the mountain roads obstructed by snow, had returned. In the evening reached Michael Schaetfer'si in Tulpehocken. " Januarij 9(A.— Besumed our journey and at nine o'clock arrived at George Loesch's.^ Both parents and children gave us a cordial welcome 1 Michael Schaeffer settled in Heidelberg township as early as 1726. He was one of the Palatines from Schoharie, N. Y. 2 George Loesch, born near Worms in 1699, emigrated with other Piila- tines in 1710, and settled in Schoharie, N. Y., in 1723 reninvi-d t.i i lif Tul- pehocken and united with the Moravians in 1747. He died at N izm-lli in August, 1790. 20 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. and showed us much kindness. They also pressed us to take a supply iif provisions with us for the brethren at Shamokin, but as we were de- 'Sirous of husbanding our horses' strength, we accepted only of some meat, butter, aud dried fruit. We now held a consultation on the choice ■of a route for the remainder of the journey, and after weighing the ad- vantages and disadvantages offered at this season of the year r-especting the mountain road* and the Indian path along the Susquehanna, leading from Harris' Ferry to Shamokin, decided to follow the latter. This de- cision, it is true, imposed upon xis additional miles of travel, but we re- flected ihat we would have the river for a guide, and that at the settle- ments we could bait our horses. Taking leave of our kind friends at noon, we rode on through the snow, repeatedly sung the hymn begin- ing with the lines, — " ' Die Wanderschaft in dieser Zeit, Hat mauche rauhe Wege.' "Dismounted at Peter Kucher's^ in Quittopehille, and after loading our horses with oats for their use at Shamokin, rode on five miles to Henry Zaunder8',8 where we passed the night. "January 10. — Set out fur Harris' Ferry. This proved a long day's journey, tlirout^h a wild aud dreary region of country. We struck the great Swatara at noon,* and after a short halt crossed it in safety on the ice, although the stream was open along its banks. , "We were now seven miles from the ferry, but losing the way we strayed through the woods till sundown, and it was seven o'clock before we reached our place of destination. We found a large company of traders collected at Harris'. One of them had just returned from an at- tempt to reach the Allegheny country, in which he had been baffled by the increasing depth of the snow after he had penetrated the wilderness to the distance of one hundred miles west of the Susquehanna. On making inquiry about the course of the path that leads to Shamokin, we were told to fullow a trail left in the snow by a company of Indians, who had a few days ago come down to the mill above the ferry. *' January II. — Kept along the river, and after having ridden some distance through the Narrows at the base of the first Blue Mountain, at 9 A.M. came to Chambers' mill, at the mouth of Fishing Creek, seven miles above the Ferry. The people of the house were very courteous; mentioned that Anton Schmidt b had lodged with them several times, and evidenced sincere regard for the brethren. The miller's mother stated privately that she had attended worship in our church in Phila- delphia, and that as for herself she sympathized with us in our relig- ious views, having experienced what we taught, namely, — that love to- wards Christ, the Saviour, was the sinner's only source of true happi- ness in this life. Although our entertainers sought to dissuade us from venturing any farther, assuring us that in the event of a long contin- ued storm the juurney would be impracticable, we set out at noon. After a few miles' ride we struck the base of Second Mountain,** at a point where it butts down to the river's edge, which point is in a line with the northern limit of the Proprietaries' land aa fixed in the last purchase. We were now in the Indian country. The rain continued to beat down, and as we toiled through the snow in the Narrows, we occasionally lost the Indian trail where it led into the Susquehanna, which had overflowed its banks. Neveitheleas, we kept up heart, and felt as though we were being carried along on invisible hands. After having crossed several streams,^ the path left the river (which hero suddenly bends to the west, and then returns upon itself several miles 1 Via Great Swatara Gap, Second, Third, Peter's, Berry's, and Mahan- tango Mountains in Lebanon and Dauphin, and over Line and Mahanoy Mountains in Northumberland County. 2 John Peter Kucher, imported on the "Loyal Judith" in September of 1732, He resided on what is now the Philadelphia and Harrisburg turnpike, a short distance east from the borough of Lebanon, in then Lebanon township. In 1750 he donated the land upon which the " Hebron" Moravian Church was erected. He died in July, 1788. 8 Member of Hebron (Lfebanon) congregation. The itinerating breth- ren always lodged at his house. His remains lie buried on the "Hiit- berg," at Lebanon, * Probably west from Hummelstown, in Derry township. 6 Anton Schmidt was a native of Presburg, Hungary, Came to Beth- lehem in 1746. In the summer of 174Y he was appointed blacksmith at Shamokin. His Indian name was Eachustoni. Died at Bethlehem, March, 1793. * Near the site of the town of Dauphin. T These were Stony and Clark's Creeks, higher up, after describing an arc of a circle)^ and struck up Peter's Mountain, which I am inclined to believe is a continuation of the Thlirnstein.9 The ridge was high aud precipitous, and the ascent tried our loaded horses' strength.* Just as we reached the summit the rain poured down in torrents, and in a few minutes we were wet to the skin. Below us the thick clouds were drifting along, the snow lay on the ground to the depth of three feet, and there was no lunger any vestige of a trail. Not venturing to make a random descent, we lost some time in searching for tracks, and on discovering what had the appearance of a path, led our horses cautiously down, after crossing several lesser spurs of the mountain, entered the valley in safety. We next forded Powell's Creek, and a mile above the point where we again struck the Susque- hanna, came to the house of a trader, Armstrong by name. We were now eighteen miles from Harris' Ferry. Here we resolved to end the day's journey and pass the night, as the rain had not abated and we were completely exhausted. The trader bid us welcome and showed us much kindness during our stay. He was well pleased and was acquainted with Schmidt. Perceiving that I was a minister of the Gospel, he asked me whether I would consent to baptize three of the children of one of his servants, who were lying ill of the smallpox, and then marry a couple. On stating tliat it was not my custom to perform such acts rashly and for remuneration, he expressed himself satisfied and dropped the subject. In the evening a violent storm blew up from the South, with rain that poured down in torrents, and about midnight there was an appalling crash, and a booming report like the discharge of heavy ordnance, — which told us that the ice in the river had suddenly broken up. Amid the fury of the elements our thoughts reverted to Bethle- hem, where our brethren we knew were at this moment keeping the vigils of New Tear, according to the old style. Daylight revealed a wonderful change without ; for the deep snow that had filled tlie val- leys had vanished as if by magic, and the water-courses were running with ice. " January 12. — The words of Scripture given us on this day i** for medi- tation, ' Jacob went on his way, and angels met him,' reassured us, as we thought of the obstacles that we would, in all probability, have to encounter in the next stageof our journey. The trader pressed us hard to stay with him, urging that we could not possibly continue ou our journey, because of the swollen streams and other perils to which we would expose ourselves. Having crossed the creek " near his house, and after having passed the plantations of several squatters, we suddenly saw the river before us. In a narrow part of its channel 12 the ice was dammed up to the height of ten or twelve feet, and the Narrows, through which the path ah'ng the river wound, was overflowed and choked with cakes of ice. It was in vain that we endeavored to effect a passage or keep to the trail. Foiled in this, we were compelled to climb the spurs of the mountain which here abut against the river, until we again struck a wide expanse of lowland. It was a laborious task, but we kept brave hearts, and our poor horses did their part nobly. After toiling on in this way for seven miles we reached the Wiconisco, which ran very far above its banks, with an impetuous current, and was full of floating ice. We were told that any attempt to ford it would be at the peril of our lives; but Powell rode in, and as I followed I encouraged him by the words of the text. It was a special providence that we reached the farther bank in safety. A short distance beyond we came to a house where we halted. Our host was acquainted with our brethren at Sha- mokin, and had assisted them in transporting their supplies. He in- formed us that on the west bank of the river opposite to his house be- gan the great path to the Allegheny country, estimated to be three or four hundred miles distant. "The country was populous with Indians, and a trader with a train of twenty or thirty pack-horses could in a very short time dispose of his wares. He also stated that many of the Indians living along the 8 Opposite the site of Duncannon. Named in honor of Count Zinzeudorf, who was also Baron Thiirn- Btein, by Conrad AVeiaer, in September of 1742. 10 The Moravians were accustomed to celebrate ecclesiastical festivals according to both methods of the calendar. The custom of issuing a collection 6f daily texts consisting of a selection of verses from the Bible for each day, with appropriate collects taken from the hymn-book, has prevailed in the Moravian Church since the year 1731 . They are pub- lished in the English, German, French, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Esqui- maux, and Negro-English (used in Surinam, S. A.) languages. 11 Armstrong's Creek, in Halifax township, Dauphin County. 12 Berry's Falls, on the Susquehanna. GENEEAL HISTORY. 21 river were remciving thither, among the number Andrew Montour.i Continuing on our way, we overtook in the woods two Indian squaws, who lived fifty miles above Shamokin, returning from Chambers' Mill. At three in the afternoon we reached Benigna's Creek,2 near its outlet, which we found was as wide as the Lehigh at Bethlehem. Turning our horses' heads up the creek we commenced the search for a foril wliich bad been described to us, but were unsuccessful, as the large rock which was to be our landmark was covered with water. Darkness fast ap- proaching, we resolved to build a fire and encamp under some pines, but to our great joy we descried, on tlie other side of the creek, a house in the distance. Our shouts soon attracted the attention of the inmates, who upon learning of our situation, volunteered to first bring us over in a canoe, and afterwards to swim the horses over. At first we hesi- tated to trust ourselves in so frail a boat in the creek filled with running ice, but commending ourselves to the care of the Lord, I crossed first, with all our effects, then Powell fallowed, swimming the horses. One of the latter at one time was carried by the current under the canoe, and almost upset it. Being now but three miles from Capt. Thomas McKee's, we determined to press on, and took the path over the hills. Losing our way after proceeding about two miles, we turned and at- tempted to force our way between the ice-barrier and rocks along the river, but were compelled to return to the house near the creek, where we passed the night, thankful that our Saviour had safely brought us one day's journey nearer to Shamokin. "January 13. — During the night it froze, and the high water some- what subsided. We have before us twenty long miles to Shamokin, also two bad creeks and the narrowest passes along the river to pass. At nineo^clock we reached Thomas McKee's, the last white settlement on the river below Shamokin. McKee holds a captain's commission under the government, is an extensive Indian trader, bears a good name among them, and drives a brisk trade with the Allegheny country. His wife, who was brought up among the Indians, speaks but little English. They re- ceived us with much kindness and hospitality. We took the opportu- nity to converse with him concerning tlie object of our visit to Shamo- kin, and of our missions among the Indians. He is recovering from a serious sickness, and is still feeble. During the past summer, he in- formed us, probably one-half of the settlers living along the river died from fever and a cough, and that even now many still lay sick. He also asked Powell to request me to baptize his child on my return. At parting he cordially invited us and our brethren to always make his house their home, and that he was willing and ready to serve them as the circumstances required. " Proceeding on our journey we came to the long stretch of narrows by the river, and for a short distance worked our way between the rocks and ice, but were compelled to retrace our steps. Thereupon we crossed three steep hills, thence to the low lands, and again to the river. At three in the afternoon reached the Mahanoy Creek,3up which we rode to a ford described to us by McKee. Powell, heading his horse up stream, crossed in safety, but mine got into a hole and was carried down some distance. He, however, swam with me to land. Night overtook us while still five miles from Shamokin, but as it was moonlight we determined to push on. Beaching the precipitous Spangenberg* we laboriously climbed to the summit, and when searching for a path to descend on the other Bide too late realized that the warnings we had received from the settlers of the dangers attending the crossing were not exaggerated. In this search we were unsuccessful ; so, resolving to trust ourselves to the guid- 1 "The oldest son of Madame Montour. Zinzendorf thus describes him: "Andrew's cast of countenance is decidedly European, and had not bis face been encircled with a broad band of paint, applied with bear's fat, I would certainly have taken him for one. He wore a brown broadcloth coat, »l scarlet damasken lappet waistcoat, breeches, over which his shirt hung, a black cordovan neckerchief, decked with silver bugles, shoes and stockings, and a hat. His ears were hung witli pen- dants of brass and otlier wires plaited together like the handles of a basket. He was very cordial, but on addressing him in ITrench he, to my surprise, replied in English." 2 The Mahantango, or Kind Creek, so named by Zinzendorf, after his daughter, Benigna, in September of 1742. 3 Zinzendorf, on bis way to Shamokin in September of 1742, named the Mahanoy Leimbaok's Greek, tor Henry Leimback, one of his fellow- travelers. i Named for Bishop Spangenberg. Zinzendorf crossed in 1742, and states, "A precipitous hill, such as I scarce ever saw. Anna (Nitsch- man), who is the most courageous of our number, and a lieroine, led in the descent." ance of the Saviour, we began the perilous descent, leading our hors' s by their halters. The snow on this side (north), knee-deep to the horses, was covered with a hard crust, which, by the rain, had frozen into glib- ice, and at the base ran the impetuous Eva Creek,^ into which we would have been precipitated had we slipped. Thanks be to Gud ! foi' His angels watched over us, and we descended in safety. While searching for a ford we found what we thought was a road leading into the creek, but struck a wrong one, as we subsequently learned. Powell insisted upon making the perilous crossing first, with the gray horse laden, wiib three bushels of oats and other baggage. When but a short distance from the shore the impetuous current soon .swept both several hundred feet down the stream, and all that I could see was the headti of each, and the occasional rearing and plunging of the horse, which threatened to throw both backwards. Fortunately, Powell succeeded in grasping the branch of a tree that was hanging over the water, and withiiis left hand controlled his horse. Lifting himself to the trunk, he walked along it to the shore leading his horse. My heart and eyes overflowed with tearsof joy when I saw him land, although so exhausted and chilled he could scarcely utter a word. He begged of me not to follow him, but await his return from Shamokin with assistance. I then called to him to be of good heart, and prayed to the Lord to give him strength, as I was ap- prehensive he might from exhaustion give out and be frozen to death. Meanwhile, Mack,^ who had been expecting our arrival for a day or so, had a feeling that we could not be far distant, and, although nine o'clock, left his house and when half a mile from the town met Powell, now almost insensible from exhaustion and the cold. Together they hastened to the town, where my companion was provided with warm clothing and restoratives by his brethren. After Powell disappeared I succeeded in finding a protected spot near the creek for acamp,unloadied my burse and tied him to a tree, and endeavored to make a fire, for I was cold and wet, and my clothes stiff with ice, since swimming the last creek. While thus engaged my horse tore loose, swam the creek, and went in the direction of Shamokin. I was in a fearful frame of mind, thinking he might be met by some of my brethren, who would be terrified lest some accident had befallen me. Fortunately he was not found until three o'clock, when my situation was fully known. After waiting one hour and a half. Mack and Anton Schmidt, who had been informed by Powell of my situation, appeared on the opposite bank, and commenced to con- struct a raft with which to bring me across. By two o'clock they fin- ished building it, but owing to the wood being green it would only bear the weight of one person, so this attempt to succor me had to be aban- doned. In the mean time I had succeeded in making a fire, when, see- ing me more comfortable, my brethren returned to Sliamokin for some assistance. By five o'clock my heart was gladdened to see Mack, Anton, and James Logan dragging a sled after them upon which was a canoe, which Anton quickly launched and crossed over to me. Hastily collect- ing my things together I recrossed with him, and finally, escorted by my rescuers, we entered Shamokin at daybreak on Sunday, ^^ January 14. — Shikellimy, when informed of my arrival, came to see me, gave me his hand and welcomed me with smiles, and also expressed regret at my fatiguing journey. When he was told that I was T'giriton- tie's (Spangenberg) younger brother, he greeted me as such without scruple. After leaving me, all his sons 7 and their children called, and later sundry Delawares and Tudelars. During the day I visited Hagen'sS grave, which is in the corner of a field near the Susquehanna. I ascer- 5 Shamokin Creek,— so named in honor of the wife of Bishop Spangen- berg by Zinzendorf. 6 John Martin Mack,for many years a missionary among the Indians, was born 13th April, 171.5, at Leysingen, in Wiirtemberg. In 1740 he came to Pennsylvania, and was one of the founders of Bethlehem. In 1745 he aud his wife were sent to Shamokin, *' the very seat of the Prince of dark- ness,'' he states in his autobiography, "where we resided four months, and were in constant dansrer. There was scarcely a night but we were compelled to leave our hut and hide in the woods, from fear of the drunken savages." In 1747 he again visited the town, where he remained until the arrival of Bishop Gamnierhoff, as noted further on in this nar- rative. He died on Santa Cruz, W. I., Jan. 9, 1784. 7 Tachnachdoarus, "a spreading oak," alias John SHkelUmij, James Logan, named after Secretary Logan, and John Peltry, who bore the name of an Indian trader. sjohnHagen, from Brandenburg, was sent in 1740 to labor among the Cherokees in Georgia. Came to Bethlehem i^ February of 1742. Labored as a missionary among the Delawares, the Susquehanna In- dians, and the Mohicans of New York. Died at Shamokin, September 16, 1747. HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. tained that our Brethren are on intimate terms with Shikellimy and his family; that the Indians begin to understand and appreciate our mo- tives in coming to live among them, and say that we are different from other white people; and contraiy to their reluctance and prejudice to teach whites their language, cheerfully instruct us. Bro Mack and his wife 1 are especially held in high esteem, as they speak tlieir language and are always ready to assist in cases of sickness. Oui- smith is kept constantly employed, many Indians coming from a great distance. "Recently an Indian from Wyoming came to our house, when he was Invited tu enter and warm himself by the fire. After a long silence he turned to Br. Mack and said, ' I have been in Shamokin nearly two days and have visited in all the houses, yet no one has offered mo any- thing to eat. Will not the white squaw give me something to eat, for I am suffering?' Thereupon she gave him some bread and meat, for which he expressed hearty thanks and departed. " Last August turnips were planted in our lot, and the yield was large. A quantity was distributed among our friends, and Sliikelliniy, who is always delighted with a present of some, in return treats us to venison. " Logan's wife, who is a Mohican and a relative of Abraham's,^ was much impressed with the visit of Mack and Nathaniel^ last autumn. While away on the annual hunt last November, her little daughter died, being, as she informed us, bewitched by a Delaware sorcerer. She immediately retnrned home with the body, and asked for nails and wood to make a coffin, which we gave her. To Br. Mack she related that the child, shortly before it died, said to her, ' Mother, I will soon die; greet the white people, and tell them that I never stole turnips ; they must not suspect me of such a theft, for when I wanted any, I asked for them.' When the mother asked whether her daughter would go to our G'od, Br. Mack replied in the affirmative, and spoke of the love of God to children. Our Brethren attended the funeral. The mother showed them the corpse in the coffin with its presents, viz.: a blanket, sevei'al pairs of moccasins, buckskin for new ones, needle and thread, a kettle, two hatchets, and flint, steel and tinder; so that on its arrival in the new country it could go at once to housekeeping. Be- Biaes, it was beautifully painted, and had a supply of bear's meat, In- dian corn and a calabash. The family thought it ci-uel in us not to have supplied Bro. Hagen with all these things when he was buried, but we explained to them, that as soon as we come to the Saviour, he would supply us with all we needed. The mother sat by the grave, and wept and sang ' Wake uji, my child, arise and eat ; for five days ye have tasted no food— tills my child was killed by the sorcerer!' In these lamenta- tions she was joined by another squaw. After tliefuneral she presented Br. Mack with a quarl tin, saying, ' This belonged to my daughter— ac- cept it in remembrance of hor.' It is an Indian custom, that when one dies, not all the effects are buried, but some are restored for distribution among friends. *' During the afternoon, with Bro. Mack, we visited Shikellimy and his family. Last autumn many of his family died, viz. : his wife, his oldest sou's wife and five children, three of Logan's children, and his son-in-law and some of his children. " January 15.— This morning I sent for Shikellimy, and requested him to assemble his council in our house, as I had something to communi- cate to them. We decided upon the afternoon for the interview, after which he sat awhile with us and smoked by the hearth. The cap I was wearing seemed to 'strike his fancy,' and he asked whether we made such things in Bethlehem. 'Yes,' I replied, 'and if you visit Bethle- hem in the spring, I will present you with ope.' I then invited him to dinner, which he accepted, dt-eming it a great honor. After dinner we sat around the fire, and for nearly an hour he instructed me in the Maqna tongue. Later he left to summon his councilors, and we con- ferred wilh Bro. Powell, who is now to take charge of the Shamokin Economy. The council met, viz. : Shikellimy and his two sons, with Logan's wife as interpreter. His oldest son is sick, and the other Iro- quois councilors are absent on the hunt. Bro. Mack translated my 1 On 14th September, 1Y42, Mack married Jeannette Ilau. Her knowl- edge of the Mohawk, which, she had acquired in the home of her girl- hood, and of the Delaware, rendered her an efficient assistant in the mission. She died at Gnadenhiitton, 15 December, 1749. 2 Mohican Abraham, or Captain Abraham, or Abraham Shabaach, one of the first Moravian converts from the Indians; first of Shocomeko and then of GnadenhUtten. Deceased in Wyoming in December of 1762. 8 Mack, between 1746 and 1755, annually visited the Indian villages on the Susquehanna and the West Branch. words into Mohican to Logan's wife, she then into Shawanese to her husband, and he into Oneida for his father, Shikellimy arose and said, 'Do not take it amiss, my brother, that I speak first. You said that you wished to tell me and my brethren some words; but first I must tell you soinething. My brother, do not take it amiss, that the smith at Shamokin up to this time, lias not had more meat to eat, I have been sick, and so have my sons and their children, and many of them have died. We have been mourning and unable to go on the hunt, but when we recover, we will go on the hunt, and the smith and his wife shall have plenty to eat.' " Cammerhoff. — ' Shikellimy my brother ! T'girhitontie, your and my brother has heard of your sickness, and he sympathizes, with you. We rejoice to see that you are convalescent, and T'girhitontie wishes you to keep up a good heart. [These remarks appeared to please them all very much.] Shikellimy, my brother! my brother, the smith, and his breth- ren in Shamokin are not dissatisfied; they have had as much meat as was necessary. T'girhitontie and his brethren are also not dissatisfied, but rejoice of your kindness towards them.' " Shikellimy. — ' So far the smith has only taken deer-skins compensa- tion for his work. Cannot he also take raccoon-, fox-, wild cat-, and otter-skins at the market price? Some of us are old and can no more follow the deer. T'girhitontie and his brethren could as well take other skins and sell them, and in this way the smith will be paid for all his work.' " Gammerhqf. — ' Shikellimy my brother I T'girhitontie and his breth- ren are no traders, nor do they traffic in furs. 'This is not their business, and hence the smith cannot take all kinds of skins. The deer-skins T'girhitontie uses to make breeches, caps, gloves, &c , for his brethren. But as we love you, the smith may someiimea take otlei-, raccoon-, and fox-skins when they are good. We have also instructed the smith not to deliver any work until it is paid for, else he be cheated.' " Shikellimy. — ' My brother ! I always have told the smith not to trust every Indian, but as soon as he mended a gun or put it in order to keep it until it is paid for. Why did he trust? I knew be would be deceived.' [He aimed this cut at the Delawares, whoiji the Iroquois despised, — C^ammerhoff'.] '' Cammej-hoff. — ' Shikellimy, my brother ! The smith loves the Indians, and hence he trusted them. When Indians come to him from " out of the wopda" with their broken guns he dislikes to send them back to get skins, for they would lose several days of the hunt, hence, also, he trusted them. But he finds that he is being cheated, and is unwilling to trust any more.' " ShiJi Itimy. — ' Cannot the smith also take bear- and elk-skins for his work?' •' Cammerhoff. — ' He can take as many hear-skins as are brought, for he and his brethren need them to sleep on. But it is best that he be paid in deer-skins, for T'girhitontie and his people are no traders.' *' ShikellimT/. — ' Kow, my brethren, I have said all I had to say, and I thank you for your answers. Now you can speak.' " Cammerhoff. — ' T'girhitontie and all his brethren send greetings to Brother Shikellimy and his brethren ! T'girhitontie said, " Shikellimy, my brother, I send to you this my younger brother, to greet you and to state my joy that you are again well, for I love you tenderly. Johanaa [Zinzendorf ], my brother, who lives over the great water, and whom you know, tor you accompanied him to Wyoming* has sent his younger brother over the great wate>- to greet you and your brethren, and tell them he loves you. I have sent the smith here to aid and work for you, and I rejoice that you all love him. Continue to do so. I need my Brother Mack and his wife at Bethlehem, but I have sent Brother Powell Lo live with the smith and to help him. I love him and do you also love him." " ' Shikellimy my brother I You said that you would give the smith and bis brethren more land to plant corn, pumpkins and turnips. Do as you said, so that they may begin to split rails and fence it in before planting time. '"Shikellimy my brother! It would delight us to have you visit Bethlehem. If you are accompanied by your son James and his Mo- hican wifi', and your other sous, they will be heartily welcomed. "'I have said all that I had to say, and thank you for your attention. You have leave to reply if you have anything to say.' "Shikellimy —'Greet Brother T'girhitontie and his brethren, and tell them that as soon as the weather becomes warmer, so that I can sleep in the woods, I will come to Bethlehem.' " At the close of the interview I distributed the following presents, * Shikellimy accompanied Zinzendorf to the Wyoming Valley in 1742. GENERAL HISTORY. 23 Tiz.: to Sbikellimy, a pair of fine red ; to his three sons, each a linife; and to the Mohicaa woman, a gay-colored handkerchiff. We then accompanied Sbikellimy, who pointed out to us the land he pro- posed to give to tlie smith. I stated that Brother Powell would make the rails, and wlien finished they should direct him whore to run the /ence. " After our return to the house we held a conference and resolved, — " Firsts That the smith decline (o trust. *^ Second, That we entertain no Indians, as it makes Shikellimy dis- trustful. There are special houses provided for visiting Indians in the town, and for us to lodge them would be a mark of great confidence. " Third, The smith must decline to trust a trader. " Fourth, No Indian must be trusted on a trader's account, lest the In- dians think we will trust a trader sooner than them. "Fifth, Our brethren must not interfere with, or pass judgment in case of any dispute between Indians and traders, nor interfere with their bargains. " Si^thf We must impress upon the Indians that we are not traders. " Seventh, That we must not lead them into temptation by allowing many things to be about the shop. " Eigh/h, Traders shall not be entertained — send them all to Shikell- imy. The only exception is Oapt. McKee. " Ninth, Always be punctiliously and scrupulously truthful to the In- dians, — never say that we have nothing, when we have. " Tenth, Owing to our circumstances, we cannot be as hospitable to the Indians here as at Bethlehem ; but always be self-denying ' to the last crnst,' to the needy, suffering, and sick. '• Eleventh, Our Bielhren are to visit the Indians frequently in their huts, and no partiality must be shown to Iroquois, Delawares, or Tude- lars. " Twelfth, Strive to secure the good-will of Shikellimy and his family, and invite them frequently to dinner, " Thirteenth, No more land is to be accepted of the Indians than is ab- solutely necessary for our wants, and is to be farmed in the Indian man- ner. Only corn, beans, potatoes, and turnips are to be raised. " At the conclusion of our conference, we celebrated the Holy Com- munion, all six of us being present. "January 16.— After taking leave of Shikellimy and our brethren, at seven oVlock Iset out on my return journey, accompanied by Bro. Slack and his wife. Crossed the Spangenberg in safety, and struck the trail which leads over the three high ridges between the Spangenberg and the Thlirnstein. "Towards evening we crossed Benigua's Creek, and thence to the Double Eagle,^ and encamped at a spring two miles beyond. As it rained hard until midnight, we had but little sleep. " JtMmor// 17.— By three o'clock (a.m.) the weather cleared, and the moon shining brightly, we continued on our way. At dawn of day, as we were passing through Anna's Yalley,^ a sndden storm of thunder and lightning overtook us, and for one hour it rained in torrents. This was succeeded by so dense a fog, that we could scarcely see a few feet in front of our horses.^ At noon we reached the Thtirnstein, where we found deep snow. The ascent was perilous as well as fatiguing, owing to the glib-ice. By two o'clock we liad crossed the mountain, and struck the S\vatara;3 thc-nce through Anton's Wilderness,"! to the Kittochtinny Hills by sun down ^ Being but twelve miles from Loesch's, we deter- mined "to push on, and by ten o'clock arrived at his house, where, although unexpected, we were given a hearty welcome. "Ja7zua7-7/ 19 —To-day we safely reached Bethlehem, by the way of Heidelberg and Mexatawny.''^ 1 The " Spread Eagle" is noted on SculFs map of 3759. 2 Lyken's Valley, Dauphin County, named for Anna Nitschman, who accompanied Zinzendorf to Shaniokin in 17.42. 3 Probably in Pine Grove township, Schuylkill County. 4 Noted on Lewis Evans' map of 1749, and named for Anton Seyfifert, one of the nine colonists whom Bishop Spangenberg led to Georgia in 1735. 5 The Blue Mountains, or " Endless Hills." 6 The name of a township in Berks County, in which Zinzendorf preached in 1742. Cammerhofl' and party probably lodged at Levans, which Scull's Map locates on the road from Easton to Reading, about six miles west of Mertztown. CHAPTER V. Tlie French and Indian War — Braddock's Expedition — Murders by the Indians in Lebanon County — The Stocliades or Forts — The Soldiers from Lebanon in that Struggle, Although open hostilities were declared between Great Britain and France in 1744, a decade of years had passed ere the machinations of the latter powers succeeded in alienating the Indians from the British interest. Much has been said and written concern- ing the causes which led to the severing of this bond of friendship between the government of Pennsylva- nia on the one hand, and the red savage of the forest on the other, who had promised that peace should remain. " as long as the sun shines and the waters run." As our readers will have learned, there was nothing manly in the aborigine. He was treacherous and perfidious, false and deceitful, and the history of the Indian race within the past two hundred years is evidence of these facts. It was no easy task for the French who were determined to possess themselves of this entire region of country, at least all west of the Alleghenies, by a few trivial presents and many promises to call to their aid the thieving Shawanese, j j the murderous Delawares, and the arrogant and bru- j j tal Six Nations. Treaties were only made to be * ' broken; they were more occasions for junketing than aught else, and as will be seen in the history of our State, arson and murder were committed by partici- pants of those treaties on their way to their distant homes. So the old story that they became dissatisfied on account of their lands, and thus went over to the French interest, is far from the truth. Of course every old chief or sachem who did not happen to get to every treaty, receive a share in the " gew-gaws" which were part of the purchase-" money," or the white man's rum so freely circulated at those times, was not in a very good humor, and was " for war." Naturally blood-thirsty, the Indian gladly accepted the invitation of the French to aid them in "driving the English into the Atlantic," and to the authorities of that nation who enlisted in their ranks the savage red man with his sCalping-knifp and tomahawk, must we lay the inhuman atrocities which for a period of ten years darken the pages of our provincial history. The occupancy of the Ohio country by the French, the erection of Fort Duquesne and other fortifications in the Allegheny country, convinced the English government that the only alternative was to oppose force by force. Several of the royal regiments were sent to Virginia, and the American colonies and prov- inces were ordered to supply the troops on their ar- rival with provisions, and to furnish all necessaries for the soldiers landed or raised in America. The Assembly of Pennsylvania was slow to act in aid of the contemplated expeditions, but, notwithstanding, the home government was taking every measure to oppose the growing power of the French. On the 14th of January, 1755, Maj.-Gen. Edward GENEKAL HISTORY. 25 by one another and march to meet the enemy if I would go with them. I told them that I would not only myself acconipiiny them, but my sons and servants should also go. They put themselves under my direc- tion. I gave them orders to go home and fetch their arms, whether guns, swords, pircliforUs, axes, or whatever miglit be of use against the enemy, and to bring with them three days provision in their knapsacks, and to meet at Benjamin Spycker's, at three of the clock that afternoon, about six miles above my house, in Tiilpehncken township, where I had sent word for Tulpehocken people also to meet. *' I immediately mounted my horse and went up to Benjamin Spycker's, where I found about one hundred persons who had met before I came there, and after I had informed them of the intelligence that 1 had promised to go with them as a common soldier, and be commanded by such officers and leading men, whatever they might call them, as they Bbould choose, they unanimously agreed to join the Heidelberg people, and accordingly they went home to fetch their arms, and proviB^)n3 for three days, and came again at 3 o'clock. All this was punctually per- formed, and about two hundred were at Benjamin Spycker'a by two o'clock. "I made the necessary disposition, and the people were divided into companies of thirty men in each company, and they chose their own ofiBceis, that is, a captain over each company, and three inferior officers under each, to take care of ten men, and lead them on, or tire, as the captain should direct. "I sent privately for Mr. Kurtz, the Lutheran minister, who lived about one mile off, who came and gave an exhortation to the men, and made a prayer suitable to the lime. Then we marched towards Susque- bannab, having first sent about fifty men to Tolheo, in order to possess themselves of the gaps or narrows of Suiahatawro, where he expected the enemy would come through. With those fifty I sent a letter to Mr. Parsons, who happened to be at his plantation. "We marched about ten miles that evening. My company had now increased to upwards of three hundred men, mostly well armed, though about twenty men had nothing but axes and pitchforks. All unanimously agreed to die together, and engage the enemy wherever they should meet them ; never to inquire the number, but fijiht them, and bo obstruct their way of marching further into the inhabited part till others of our brethren come up and do the same, and so save the lives of our wives and our children. " The night we made the first halt, the powder and lead was brought up from Reading (I had sent foi- it early in the morning), and I ordered it to the care of the o'flicers, and to divide it among tliose that wanted it the most. " On the 28th, by daybreak, we marched, our company increasing all along. We arrived at Adam Reed's, Esq., in Hanover township, Lancas- ter County, at about ten o'clock, tliere we stopped and rested till the rest came up. Mr. Eeed had just received intelligence fri.m Susquebannah by express, which was as follows, to wit: That .lustice Forster, Capt, McKee, John Harris, and others, to the number of forty-nine, went up to Shamoliin to bury the dead bodies of those that had been killed by the enemy on John Penn's Creek, and coming up to Geoige Gabriel's, about five miles this side Shamokin, and on tlie west of Susquebannah, they heard that the dead boilies had been buried already, and so they went along to Shamokin, where they ariived last Friday evening and were seemingly well received, but found a great number of strange In- dians, the Delawares, all painted black, which gave suspicion ; and Thomas McKee told his companions that he did not like them, and the next morning— that is, last Saturday- they got up early, in order to go back; but they did not see any of the strangers. They were gone be- fore them. Andrew Montour was there, painted as the rest; he advised our people not to go the same road they came, but to keep on this side the Susquebannah, and go the old road ; but whe.i they came to the parting of the roads a majority was for going the nighest and best road, and so crossed Susquebannah contrary to Andrew Montour's counsel, in order to go down on the west side of the river a- far as Mahahany; when they came to John Penn's Creek, in going down the bank, they were fired upon from this side by the I.idians that had waylaid them: some dropped down dead ; the rest fled and made towards Susquebannah and came to this side, and so home, as well as they could. Twenty-six of them were missing and not heard of as yet, last Monday. " Upon this we had a consultation, and as we did not come up to serve as guards to the Paxtang people, but to fight the enemy, if they were come so far, as we first heard, we thought best to return and take care of our own townships. " After I had given the necessary caution to the people to hold them- selves in readiness as the enemy was certainly in the country, to keep their arms in good order, and so on, and then discharged them, and we marched back, with the approbation of Mr. Reed. By the way we were alarmed by a report that five hundred Indians had come over the moun- tain at Tolheo to tliis side, and had already killed a number of people. We stopped and sent a few men to discover the enemy, but, on their re- turn, proved to be a false alarm, occasioned by that company that I had sent tl)at way the day before, whose guns getting wet, they fired them off, which was the cause of alarm; this not only had alarmed the com- pany, but whole townships through which they marched. In going back I met messengers from other townships about Conestoga, who came for intelligence, and to ask me where their assistance was neces- sary, promising that they would come to the place where I should direct. " I met also at Tulpehocken, above one hundred men well armed, as to fire-arms, ready to follow me ; so that there were in the whole, about five hundred men in arms that day, all marching up towards Susque- bannah. I and Mr. Adam Reed counted those that were with me, we found them three hundred and twenty. " I cannot send any further account, being uncommonly fatigued. I should not forget, however, to inform your Honor that Mr. Reed has engaged to keep proper persons riding between his house and Susque- hannah,.and if anything material shall occur, he will send me tidings to Heidelberg or to Reading, which I shall take care to despatch to you. I find that great care has been taken at Reading to get the people to- gether, and near two hundred were here yesterday morning; but upon bearing that the people attending me were discharged, the people from the country went off without consulting what should be done for the future, through the indiscretion of a person who was with them, and wanted to go home ; and near the towfi they met a large company com- ing up, and gave such accounts as occasioned their turning back. I think most of the inhabitants would do their duty, but without some military regulations, we shall never be able to defend the Province. " I am sure we are in great danger, and by an enemy that can travel as Indians, we may be surprised when it would be impossible to collect any number of men together to defend themselves, and then the coun- try would be laid waste. I am quite tired, and must say no more than that." Every day's news added to the alarm and conster- nation of the inhabitants. Conrad Weiser, who had orders from the Governor, sent an express to William Parsons, who was then within the borders of Lebanon County, to take command of about one hundred men. One-half of them had no ammunition, but Parsons ordered them to go over the mountain and " erect a breastwork at the upper gap of the Swatara," and that those who had no powder or lead should take axes. On the 31st of October Parsons writes to the Rev. John Nicholas Kurtz as follows : " This morning, very early, between four and five o'clock, Adam Rees, an inhabitant over the first mountain, about six miles from Lawrence Houtz, who lives on this side of the mountain, came to my bouse, and declared, that yesterday, between 11 and 12 o'clock, he heard three guns fired towards the plantation of his neighbor, Henry Hartman, which made him suspect that something more than ordinary had happened there. Whereupon he took his gun and went over to Hartman's house, being about a quarter of a mile off, and found him lying dead upon his face ; his head was scalped ; but saw no body else. He thereupon made the best of his way through the woods to the inhabitaals on this side of the mountain, to inform them of what had happened. " He further informs me, that he had been to Adam Reed's, Esq., and related the whole of the affair to him, and that Eeed is raising men to go over the mountain in quest of the murderers." The Adam Reed referred to was a very prominent man at this period on the frontiers. His residence was on the Swatara within the limits of Lebanon County. The following day Parsons wrote to Squire Reed : " I wrote you yesterday, that I intended to be with you at the un- happy place, where Henry Hartman was murdered ; but when I got to the top of the mountain, I met some men, who said they bad seen two men lying dead and scalped, in the Shamokin road, about two or three 26 HISTOEY OF LEBANON COUNTY. miles from the place where we were; wherefore, we altered our course, being twenty-six in number, and went to the place, and found the two men lying dead, about three hundred yards from each other, and all the skin scalped off their heads. " We got a grubbing hoe and a spade, and dug a grave as well as we could, the ground being very stony, and buried them both in one grave, without taking off their clothes or examining at all their wounds; only we saw that a bullet had gone tbrongh the leg of one of them. I thought it best to bury them, to prevent their bodies from beiing torn to pieces by wild beasts. One of the men had a daughter with him that is yet missing; and the other man had a wife, and three or four children, that are also missing. " I shall be obliged to return home in a day or two, but hope to see you sometime about Christmas, and to find my unhappy countrymen somewhat relieved from this distressed condition. I can't help thinking that it would be well for a good number of the inhabitants to go next Monday, and help to bring the poor people's grain and corn to this side the mountain— it will help to mitintain them, which we must do, if they can't maintain themselves ; and 'tis very likely those barbarous Indians will set fire to, and burn all, if it be not soon secured." Parsons' suggestion was carried out, and the force of Squire Reed's, with horses and teams, crossed over the mountain and brought from thence to the tempo- rary places of refuge such articles as it was possible to remove belonging to the inhabitants, all of whom had fled from their homes. The murder of the Six family on the Berks fron- tier, only a few miles from Bethel, added to the con- sternation. Capt. Morgan's deposition concerning this affair is worth preserving in this connection: "That on Sunday, the 16th November inst. (1755), at about five o'clock p. M., he, the deponent, Mr. Philip Weiser and Mr. Peter Weiser, set out from Heidelberg towards Dietrich Six's, to get intelligence of the mis- chief done at Tolheo, or thereabouts, and to get a number.of men to join them to go and seek for the persons who were scalped by the In- dians, and to help in the best manner they could the poor distressed in- habitants. That aliout nine miles from Mr. Weiser's, they found a girl about six years old scalped, but yet alive, and a vast number of people there; but he knows not at whose house it was, nor the name of the child. That at the request of the people there Mr. Weiser's son and deponent went back to Mr. Weiser's for powder and lead. That at or about two o'clock yesterday morning, they were alarmed at Mr. Weiser's with an account that the Indians had beset George Bollinger's house, and his family were fled; whereupon Philip Weiser, and the deponent, and a person whose name deponent does not know, set off immediately, and at Christopher Weiser's overtook a lnrge company, consisting of about one hundred men, and with them proceeded to George Dollinger's and surrounded bis house, where they found a deal of damage done, and in the garden, a child about eight years old, daughter of one Cola, lying dead and scalped, which they buried, "That the whole company went on to a plantation of Abraham Sneider, and found in a corn-field the wife of Cola, and a child about eight or nine years old, both dead and scalped, and in the house they found another child of the said Cola's, about ten years old, dead and scalped ; but the deponent knows not of what sex either of these two children was. That while they were preparing the grave, they were alarmed l.y the firing of a gun, and flying to their arms, they went (a few staying to take care of the dead) to the place from whence the sound came, and about half a mile from the place they came from, they met the company, <.ne of whom had indiscreetly discharged his musket, and then Wf nt back to bury the dead ; on their return they found the scalp of a white person. Tliiit having buried the woman and children, they went to Thomas Bower's, in who.se house they found a dead man scalped, wliose name the deponent thinks was Philip, by trade a shoemaker, but knows no more of him. " That the company increased fast, and were now aboUt one hundred and thirty men, who nuirclied on the Sliamokin road to near Dietrich Six's; about half a mile from whose house they found Casper Spring dead and scalpeil, and having buried him, they marched about one hun- dred rods and found one Beslinger dead and scalped— they buried him. That at the same distance from Beslinger's they found an Indian man dead and scalped, which Indian, it was generally believed, was a Dela- ware. Mr. Frederick Weiser scalped him the day before. "That twenty of their body, who had gone a little out of the road, about two miles from Dietrich Six's, found {aa the deponent and the rest of the company were informed, and aa he believes without any doubt) a child of Jacob Wolf — he cannot say whether a boy or a girl — which was scalped. Its age the deponent does not know, but the father carried it in his arms to be buried, as they were informed. That the deponent was informed by Mr. Frederick Weiser that a company, with whom he had been the day before, had buried John Leinberger and Bu- dolph Candel, whom they found scalped. " That the deponentand company flnding no more scalped or wounded they returned, being then, by the continual arrival of fresh persons, about three hundred men, to George DoUinger's. That Casper Spring's brains were beat out, had two cuts in his breast, was shot in the back, and otherwise cruelly used, which regard to decency forbids mention- ing, and that Beslinger's brains were beat out, his mouth much mangled, one of his eyes cut out, and one of his ears gashed, and had two knives lying on his breast. That the whole country thereabout desert their habitations and send away all their household goods. The horses and cattle are in the corn-fields and everything in the utmost disorder, and the people quite despair. And further, that he heard of much mischief done by burning houses and barns, but not having been where it was reported to have been done, he chooses not have any particulars thereof inserted in this deposition." With such terrible atrocities before their eyes is it to be wondered at that the inhabitants were becoming incensed at the conduct of the Assembly? Peter Spycker, the day after the murder of the Six family, writes to Conrad Weiser, — "We are, at present, in imminent danger to lose our lives or estates; pray, therefore, for help, or else whole Tulpehocken will be laid waste by the Indians, in a very short time — all the buildings will be burned, the people scalped. Do, therefore, lose no time to get us assistance. The Assembly may learn from this work, what kind and fine friends the Indians are!! We hope members of the Assembly will got their eyes opened, and manifest tender hearts towards us; and the Governor the same. They are, it is hoped, true subjects to our king George II., of I Great Britain, or are they willing to deliver us into the hands of these \ cruel and merciless creatures?" i The savages now fully bent upon the destruction of / the frontier settlements, and meeting with little or no resistance owing to the want of arms and ammunition \ by the frontiersmen, had full sway. During the months of November and the first part of December they had destroyed over one hundred houses and murdered over one hundred and fifty persons on the borders of Lancaster and Berks Counties. The Pro- vincial Secretary writes^ — "All the frontier country which extends from the river Potomackto the river Delaware, not leas than one hundred and fifty miles in, length, and between twenty and thirty in breadth, but not fully settled, has been deserted, the houses and improvements reduced to ashes, the cat- tle, horses, grain, goods, and effects of the inhabitants, either destroyed, burnt, or carried off by the Indians, whilst the poor planters (farmers) with their wives, children, and servants, who could get away, being without arms, or any kind of defence, have been obliged in this season of the year to abandon their habitations, naked and without support, and throw themselves upon the charity of the other inhabitants within the interior parts of ihe province, upon whom they are a very heavy burthen. • * "Such shocking descriptions are given, by those who have escaped, of the horrid cruelties and indecencies committed by the merciless sav- ages on the bodies of those unhappy wretches who fell into their hands, especially the women, without regard to sex or age as far exceeds those related of the most abandoned pirates! Which has occasioned a gen- eral consternation, and has struck so great a panic and damp upon the spirits of the people, that hitherto they have not been able to make any considerable resistance, or stand against the Indians." The cold indifference of the Assembly at such a crisis awoke the' deepest indignation throughout the GENERAL HISTORY. 27 Province. Public meetings were held in various parts of Lancaster and in the frontier counties, at which it was resolved that they would "repair to Philadelphia and compel the provincial authorities to pass proper laws to. defend the country and oppose the enemy." In addition, the dead bodies of some of the murdered and mangled were sent to that city and hauled about the streets, with placards announcing that these were victims of the Quaker policy of non-resistance. A large and threatening mob surrounded the House of Assembly, placed the dead bodies in the doorway, and demanded immediate relief for the people of the frontiers. Such indeed were the desperate measures resorted to for self-defense. The times were perilous, and despite the offense given to the Assembly, Governor Morris issued a proclamation on the 14th of April, 1756, offering the following bounties, hoping thereby to incite not only the energies of the soldiers, but to alarm those In- dians who were still friendly : " For every male In- dian enemy above twelve years old who shall be taken prisoner and delivered at any forts, garrisoned by the troops in pay of this Province, or at any of the county towns to the keepers of the common jails there, the sum of one hundred and fifty Spanish dollars or pieces of eight; for the scalp of every male Indian enemy above the age of twelve years, produced as evidence of their being killed, the sum of one hundred and thirty pieces of eight ; for every female Indian taken prisoner and brought in as aforesaid, and for every male Indian prisoner under the age of twelve years, taken and brought in as aforesaid, one hundred and thirty pieces of eight ; for the scalp of every Indian woman, produced as evidence of their being killed, the sum of fifty pieces of eight; and for every English sub- ject that has been taken and carried from this Province into captivity that shall be recovered and brought in and delivered at the city of Philadelphia to the Gov- ernor of this Province, the sum of one hundred and fifty pieces of eight, but nothing for their scalps ; and that there shall be paid to every officer or soldier as are or shall be in the pay of this Province who shall redeem and deliver any English subject carried into captivity as aforesaid, or shall take, bring in, and produce any enemy prisoner, or scalp as aforesa:id, one-half of the said several and respective premiums and bounties." A barbarous act it may appear to us, yet it was absolutely necessary to the securing of proper protection to the borders. To the credit of the hardy pioneers of Pennsylvania be it said, no In- dian was wantonly killed for the sake of the reward. To guard against the Indian devastations, a chain of forts and block-houses were erected at an expense of eighty-five thousand pounds, by the Province of Pennsylvania, along the Kittochtinny hills, from the river Delaware to the Maryland line, commanding the principal passes of the mountains, garrisoned with from twenty to seventy-five provincials, as the situa- tion and importance of the places respectively required. The Moravians of Bethlehem cheerfully fortified their town and took up arms in self-defense. Franklin took up the sword, and, with his son William, raised without difficulty over five hundred men, proceeded to the frontier, and assisted in erecting and garrison- ing the line of forts. Of the stockades or forts within the limits of Leb- anon County there was really only one of much ac- count. We have alluded to that at the upper gap on the Swatara, built by Capt. Parsons. It is not defi- nitely known where this was actually located. It is stated that it was fourteen miles distant from Fort Henry. If it was on the Swatara, fourteen miles from the latter, its location would be in the neighbor- hood of Hummelstown, or within the limits of the present Dauphin County, and as designated on the " Historical Map of Pennsylvania." As there seem to have been two forts named Fort Henry, there is no doubt that one of these and Fort Swatara were the same, although the accounts are very confusing; and that fort, so called, was erected on the site selected by Capt. Parsons in the fall of 1755 for a stockade and breastworks. It was also named Bussl's Fort, for Capt. Christian Buss6, an officer of the provincial forces. Governor Morris, in a letter of the date of 1st of February, 1756, after describing several forts already erected on the west side of the Susquehanna, as part of a chain of defense from Delaware along the Kittochtinny Hills to the Susquehanna, says, " Those between the two rivers are to be about ten or twelve miles asunder. The most considerable of them is built at an important pass through the Kit- tochtinny Hills on our northern frontier, and I have called it Fort Henry." Again he writes, " On the east side of Susquehanna the forts are ten or twelve miles asunder, among which the most considerable are Fort Henry, at a pass through the mountains called Toliliaio. . . . The garrisons in these are from fifty to twenty men each, according to their situ- ation and importance." On the 9th of February he makes use of the same expression as to location, etc. Prior thereto, in January, instructions had been given Capt. Busse " to proceed as soon as possible with the company under his command to the gap at Tolihaio, where Swehatara comes through the mountains, and in some convenient place there you are to erect a fort of the form and dimensions herewith given you, un- less you shall judge the stockado already erected there conveniently placed, in which case you will take pos- session, and make such additional works as you may think necessary to render it sufficiently strong." On the 25th of January, 1756, Governor Morris writes to Conrad Weiser, " I have ordered Capt. Christian Busse, with a company of fifty, in the pay of this Province, to proceed to the Gap at Tolihaio, and there to erect a stockado fort of the form and di- mensions given him, and to take post there and range the woods from that fort Westward towards Sweha- tara, and Eastward towards a stockado to be built by 28 HISTOEY OF LEBANON COUNTY. Capt. Morgan, about half way between the said fort and Fort Lebanon." On the 20th of April, 1757, the Governor, in writing to the Proprietaries says, "The long frontier between the Susquehanna and Delaware was to be defended by Col. Weiser's battalion, and all the forts reduced to three. Forts Henry, Allen, and Hamilton, in each of which was to be a garrison of one hundred men, the remainder was to be employed in ranging or march- ing where the attacks of the Indians should make it necessary." Governor Denny says to the Proprieta- ries, " intending to go to Fort Henry — the only garri- son my time would allow me to visit — I desired Col. Weiser to acquaint the leaders of these infatuated people that I should be glad if they would come and speak with me at the fort. Accordingly about fifty substantial freeholders, well mounted and armed, joined the escort and attended me to Fort Henry, where I had an opportunity of undeceiving them. Convinced of their error, they presented me a very respectful address, assuring me of their desire to have a proper militia law, and that they were deter- mined under such a law to serve and do their duty to their king and country. Forty instantly were enlisted by Col. Weiser out of this neighborhood, and a magistrate about twenty miles off wrote me he had enlisted forty more." October, 1757. Murders are daily committed, and Col. Weiser says, " I am now preparing to go to Fort Henry to consult with the officers what may best be done." February 21st. James Burd visits Fort Henry, which is six miles from Snevelys, and that is four miles from Souders. " Left Lieutenant Broadhead, with a party at Sou- ders to march four miles to Snevelys — he marched -with Adjt. Thome and eight men on horseback — found at Fort Henry Capt. Weiser, Adjt. Kern, and Ens. Biddle and Craighead, doing duty with ninety men. 22d. Had a review at 9 a.m. ; found ninety soldiers under good command, and fine fellows; about two months' provisions, and two months' more about six miles from Fort Henry, at Jacob Myer's mill ; no powder; two hundred and twenty-four pounds lead; no fiints; about eighty Province arms belonging to these two companies good for nothing. Ordered Ens. Craighead with fifteen men to this garrison to march for Fort Swattarow." About six miles from this fort on June 19, 1758, Capt. Bussg writes— John Krantz, wife, and three children were carried off by the Indians. Lieut. Johnston and nine men were sent along the moun- tains to the " Hole" to intercept them, and Sergt. Mowrer and two men to seek for their tracks. News was also received of a son of Jacob Snabell being killed near Dubb's with five shots through the body. He thinks from the tracks there must have been about twenty Indians. A sergeant and eight men are also sent to join a party of farmers from Tulpehocken. The fort is much in want of powder and lead. Fort Beown was at Adam Reed's, on the Swa- tara. In a letter from Adam Reed to Edward Ship- pen, dated at Hanover, Aug. 7, 1756, from which it would appear that Capt. Smith had a company there, and that Jacob Eller, one of his soldiers, " a liver before, 2J miles over the first mountain just within the gap, at said fort," took an escort of ten men to help him, with consent of an officer, to cut down some wheat at his place, where they were attacked by three Indians, who crept to the fence just at their back and fired upon them, killed the corporal and wounded one other. The men returned to the fort, but find James Brown missing. The lieutenant sent men out then to bring him in. Capt. Smith had sent more men " from the other fort." Brown was found killed and scalped. These were perchance the only forts within the limits of the county, in fact only one can be thus designated. The latter was merely a stockade around a block-house. Block-houses were numerous. Every three or four families selected the most eligible farm, placed palisades around it, and from the roof port-holes. Into these the families of the neighbor- hood would congregate for weeks and months. The inhabitants on the frontiers of the Province were aroused, and, despite the tardiness of the Assem- bly, the people began arming for their own defense. Among the State archives is the roll of a company in the provincial -service indorsed "St. Vincent and Puke's (Pike) Land Association," May 10, 1756, which is evidently wrong, as that would designate the company as belonging to Chester County. The officers and men were from Lebanon County, as any one who will read over the following names will readily perceive, and the mistake is in the indorse- ment : Captain. Adam Heylman. Lieutenant. John Hart. Ensic/n. Adam Rontour. Ache, John Lewis. Becker, John. Bound, John. Braun, Jacob. Britoher, Richard. Charles, Esaias. Conrad, Michael. Corner, Jacob. Cramp, Charles. Crassert, John. Danefels, Jacob. Defrau, Jacob. Dunbar, Peter. Ernst,John Valentine Everhard, Yost. Fanstul, Ernst. Privates. Gebhard,' Jacob. Good, George. Good, Jacob. Hartman,- John. Hartz, George. Henry, Valentine. Henry, William. Heylman, Balthaser. Heylman, John. Heylman, John Adam. Heylman, Michael. Harserus, Frederick. Lewis, Philip. Lasch, Jacob. McNally, Adam. MoNally, John. GENERAL HISTORY. 29 Mack, Frederick. Mann, Jacob. Moses, Adam. Muntz, Philip. Miles, George. Smidt, Valentine. Stein, John. Steiger, Peter. Stone, Adam. Swab, Frederick. Ream (Roam) Dietrich. Swerner, Adam. Rothe, Michael. Thomas, Jacob. Selle, Peter. Vine, Jacob. Sellner, Conrad. Vittler, Valentine. Sleider, Peter. Wernz, George. Sleider, Simon. In the first provincial battalion, raised in the spring of 1756, Lieut.-Col. Conrad Weiser commanding, the following officers of a company raised in Lebanon County were attached : Captain. Charles Foulk. Lieutenant. Michael Beltz. Sergeants. John White. Dewalt Bassing. Privates. Michael Lawry. Killian Long. These are all the names of privates to be found. In June, 1756, the station of the provincial forces within the limits of Lebanon were : Capt. Feedeeick Smith's Company. " In the Hole," at the Moravian House, eight men. " Fort under the Hill," twenty-four men. Capt. Christian Bussi's Company. " At Bernhard Friedle's, next to the Moravians," ten men. " At Casper Snebelie's," eight men. " At Daniel Shue's or Peter Klop's," six men. In the Pennsylvania regiment, consisting of three battalions, " the Honourable William Denny, Esquire, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Pennsylva- nia, colonel-in-chief," the following officers were from Lebanon County : First Battalion. Adjutant and Unsign— John Philip De Haas, April 30, 1758. Ensign — Conrad Bucher, April 1, 1758. Second Battalion. Ensigns— A.&?im Henry, Dec. 6, 1757. Martin Heidler, March 16, 1758. Third Battalion. Captain— KA&m Reed, May 4, 1758. Among the officers of the Pennsylvania regiment for the year 1760 are these names : First Battalion. Captain— 3ohn Philip De Haas, April 28, 1760. Lieutenant— George Miller, May 8, 1760. Ensign— John Nice, May 6, 1760. Lieutenant— Nichola.s Haussegger, May 6, 1760. Second Battalion. Lieutenant — Conrad Bucher,April 19, 1760. From the "liat of officers of the Pennsylvania regiment, commanded by the Hon. J. Penn, Esq., 1764, who had served under Col. Bouquet that year, we find those of First Battalion. Major— John Philip De Haas, June 9, 1764. Captain — Nicholas Haussegger, Nov. 11, 1768. Lieutenant — John Nice, Oct. 14, 1768. Endgn—W\\\ia,m McMeen, Dec. 10, 1763. Second Battalion. Adjutant — Conrad Bucher, Sept. 6, 1764. In the first partof the summer of 1764 there were stationed at the following places within the limits of Lebanon County : At John McFarlane's, Hanover township, Lieut. Charles Stewart, one sergeant and fifteen men. At Godfried Young's, Hanover township, Ensign Thomas Campleton and fifteen men. At Fort Henry, Bethel township, Capt. John Philip De Haas, one sergeant and eighteen men. In the sketches of the townships we have referred in full to other incidents in the border warfare. They form part of the sad, sad story of those ten years of brutal atrocities committed by the Indians. It is well occasionally to rehearse these facts, for they call to mind the struggles of our ancestors when the torch, the scalping-knife, and the tomahawk of the red sav- age spread death and destruction among the early pioneers; theti the warmer will be our appreciation of our peaceful homes and the true greatness of. our beloved country, the grandest the sun ever shone upon. With the close of Bouquet's expedition to the west- ward, when he dictated terms to the Indians on the Muskingum, ended the incursions of the savages into the interior of Pennsylvania. The result was seen in the extending of the settlements north and west, and the Lebanon County townships became the centre of the settlements instead of the border. Peace and pros- perity dawned upon the country, population rapidly increased by immigration from the effete provinces of Europe, and " the wilderness" was truly "blossoming as the rose." CHAPTER VL The War for Independence — Early Action by the Inhabitants — The Heidelberg Company — Col. Greenawalt's Battalion — Capt. Peter Grubb's Company of the Pennsylvania Line. The exactions of the British government becoming intolerable, and no redress of grievances, the right of petition ignored, led the people to ponder well a step they were not slow in taking, to repel tyranny in whatever form it might manifest itself, to act upon 30 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. the defensive, and to stand up boldly for their rights. It has been stated that the German element in Penn- sylvania were slow to realize the dangers threatening them in 1774 and 1775. Documents in our possession disprove such assertions, for as early as June, 1774, when the port of Boston had been closed by the arbitrary measures of the crown, a meeting of the citizens of the town of Lebanon was held, and reso- lutions adopted which evidence the patriotism, in- tegrity, and generous spirit of the German inhabi- tants of Pennsylvania: " At a meeting of the inhabitants of Lebanon and the adjoining town- ships on Saturday, 26th of June, 1774, holden at tlie house of Capt. Greenawalt, whereof Major John Philip DeHaas was chairman, to take into serious consideration the state of public affairs, it was unanimously declared and resolved, — "1. That the late act of the British parliament by which the port of Boston is shut up, is an act oppressive to the people of that city and subversive of the rights of the inhabitants of America. "2. That while we profess to be loyal subjects of Great Britain, we shall not submit to unjust and iniquitous laws, as we are not slaves, but freemei;. " 3. That we are in favor of a Congress of Deputies who will act in be- half of the people for .obtaining a redress of grievances. "4. That we will unite with the inhabitants of other portions of our Country in such measures as will preserve to us our rights and our Liberties. "5. That our Countrymen of the City of Boston have our sincerest sympathy, that their cause is the common cause of America. "6. That Messrs. Philip Greenawalt, Thomas Clark, Michael Ley, Killian Long, and Curtis Grubb be a committee to collect contributions for our suffering brethren. " J. P. BzHaas, " Cliairman. "John Light, The committee appointed followed up the profes- sions of sympathy, and collected money and flour to be forwarded to Boston. Unfortunately, the articles were included in the contributions sent forward from Philadelphia, without particularizing localities from which they were sent. On the 22d of November, 1774, the committee of the borough of Lancaster met and prepared a hand- bill to be scattered throughout the county. It ran as follows : " To tks freeholdere and electore of the county of Lancaster: "The committee for the borough of Lancaster, taking in their con- sideration the resolves and recommendations of the American Conti- nental Congress, request that the freeholders and others qualiJied to vote for Representatives in Assemblyfor the county of Lancaster, would meet at the Court house in Lancaster, on Thursday the fifteenth day of De- cember next, to choose hy ballot sixty proper persons for a committee, to observe the conduct of all persons touching the general Association of the general Congress ; which committee, it is proposed, when elected, shall divide the county into different districts, and appoint members of the committee to superintend each district, and any six of the mem- bers so appointed for a district to he a quorum for transacting business. " It will be necessary, previous to the general election, that each town- ship shall elect a proper person to act as inspector, and receive the tickets of: the electors on that day." Agreeably to the foregoing call an election was held on the day designated. The members of the committee selected from what is now Lebanon County were as follows : Lebanon. — Thomas Clark, Curtis Grubb, Henry Light, Henry Buehler. Bethel. — Ludwig Shuey, Casper Kohr, John Be-. shore, Killian Long, Samuel Jones. Heidelberg. — John Weiser. The committee of inspection for the county, of which the foregoing were members, met at Lancaster on the 14th of January following, and appointed deputies to the Provincial Convention held at Phila- delphia on the 23d of January. The disputes were fast drawing to a crisis, and prompt measures were taken to prepare for the terrible alternative, war. On the 1st of May the committee resolved to organize associations for public defense. The first company enrolled was that of Londonderry, followed in a few j days by the Heidelberg company of Heidelberg town- ship, showing that the German inhabitants were as ardent and patriotic as their Scotch-Irish neighbors. Captain. George Hudson. First Lieutenant. John More. Second Lieutenant. George Miller. Privates. Antis, Frederick. Beaker, George. Boab, Stofel. Boyer, Stofel. Brocius, Henry. Brown, Philip. Bulman, Adam (1). Bulman, Adam (2). Bulman, John. Cap, Frederick. Cline, Stofel. Coppy, Israel. Illig, Leonard. Foster, Jacob. France, John. Graford, John. Holstone, George. Harbson, George. Hartman, Samuel. Hean, Jacob. Hoffman, Conrad. Hoffman, George. Keller, Henry. Levestone, David. Micer, Dewalt. Micer, George. Micer, Henry (1). Micer, Henry (2). Micer, John. Moyer, Henry. Moyer, John. Moyer, Michael. Neaf, Abraham. Neaf, George. Noll, George. Noll, John. Noll, Philip. Newman, George. Newman, John. Newman, Peter (1). Newman, Peter (2). Newman, Walter. Peehtle, Nicholas. Petree, Peter. Petree, Philip. Eaup, Frederick. Eightanour," G eorge. Eoofe, Jacob. Saltsgwer, Henry. Saltsgwer, John. Seller, Frederick. Seller, Henry. Seller, John. Seller, Michael (1). Seller, Michael (2). Seller, Peter. Shadewear, Henry. Shank, Ventle. ■Shefer, Michael. Shenckle, Philip. Shenkle, Jacob. Shenkle, Chris. Shell, Adam. Simmerman, George. Strickler, Andrew. Strickler, George. Strickler, Leonard. Stump, Leonard. GENERAL HISTORY. 31 Wike, Chris. Yencht, William. Young, Jacob. Swert, Chris. Treeone, George. Weiser, Martin. Weiser, Stofel. Articles of association were formed, and in other sections of Lancaster County companies and battalions were organized. A battalion was formed within the present Lebanon County in the autumn of 1775, but despite all efforts we have been unable to secure the rolls of the men who composed this body of patriots, the officers of which were as follows : Oncers of Col. Oreenawalt's Battalion. Colonel. Philip Lorentz Greenawalt. Lieutenant- Colonel. Philip Marstellar. Major. Samuel Jones. Adjutant, Adam Fisher. Quartermaster. Peter Miller. First Company. Captain. — Casper Stoever. First Lieutenant. — Andrew Frickes. Second Lieutenant. — Sebastian Wolf. Ensign. — Charles Sherick. Second Company. t Captain. — William Paine. First Lieutenant— Anthony Kelker. Second Lieutenant. — Jacob Matter. Ensign. . Thied Company. Cajote'ra.— Philip Weiser. First Lieutenant. — Lodwick Shott. Second Lieutenant. — John Stone. n. — John Thomas. Fourth Company. Cajofam.— George Null. First Lieutenant.— John Mortersteel. Second Lieutenant— Michael Minigh. Ensign. — George Meiser. Fifth Company. Captaira.— Michael Holderbaum. First Lieutenant— George Nagle. Second Lieutenant— Lewis Shally. Ensign. — Alex. Martin. Sixth Company. Captain.— Leonard Immel. First Lieutenant.— Michael Diffenbaugh. Second Lieutenant.— Feter Berry. Ensign.— Michael Spengler. Setenth Company. Captain. — Valentine Shoufler. First Lieutenant. — ^Matthew Hening. Second Lieutenaiit. — John Gossert. Ensign. — Peter Basehore. Eighth Company. Captain. — Henry Sheaffer. First Lieutenant — Philip Wolfersberger. Second Lieutenant — Nicholas Hollinger. Ensign. — George Frank. Ninth Company. Captain. — Daniel Oldenbruck. First Lieutenant. — Abram Smith. Second Lieutenant. — John Rewalt. Ensign. — Peter Hester. These commands were in active service during the campaign of the following year (1776), closing with the retreat across the Jerseys. Of the troops called into the Continental service several companies were raised in Lebanon County. The roll of one only has come down to us, and of those honored names there are some who belonged to the townships adjoining, now comprised within the present limits of Lancaster and Berks Counties. Of the services of Col. Miles' battalion, with which they were connected, we have referred elsewhere, as also of their participation in the disastrous battle of Long Island, on the 27th of Au- gust, 1776 : Boll of Capt Peter Ortibb, Jr.'s, Company. Captain. Grubb, Peter, Jr., March 12, 1776. First Lieutenants. Bowen, Thomas Barth (adjutant), April 6, 1776 ; pro- moted captain Ninth Pennsylvania, November 28, 1776. Carpenter, John, from second lieutenant, August 9, 1776. Second lAeutenant Carpenter, John, promoted first lieutenant, August 9, 1776. Third Lieutenants. Smith, Abraham, resigned January 6, 1776. Moore, William, from sergeant, promoted first lieu- tenant Pennsylvania State Regiment. Sergeant Major. Frith, John. Sergeants. Ashton, John, March 21,1776; promoted ensign of Ninth Pennsylvania. Bower, Jacob, March 30, 1776 ; promoted July 15, 1776. Moore, William, March 26, 1776; promoted third lieutenant. Boyle, Peter, from private July 16, 1776. 32 HISTOKY OP LEBANON COUNTY. Crawford, Benjamin, from private July 24, 1776. Everett, Tliomas, March 22, 1776 ; discharged July 23, 1776. Young, William. Grandison, George. . Drummer. Eeinoehl, Christopher, April 20, 1776. Fifer. Miller, Michael, March 18, 1776. Privates. Alcorn, James, March 24, 1776. Anaht [Uncts], Nicholas, April 25, 1776. Baker, Francis, May 13, 1776. Bowman, Abraham, April 1, 1776. Boyle, Peter, promoted sergeant July 16, 1776. Bradshaw, George, March 22, 1776. Brown, George, March 25, 1776 ; missing since the battle, August 27, 1776. Butt, Henry, July 7, 1776. Campbell, John, April 2, 1776. Chambers, John, April 6, 1776. Chapman, George, March 26, 1776 ; transferred to Second Pennsylvania. Chapman, James, April 30, 1776. Crawford, Benjamin, March 25, 1776 ; promoted ser- geant July 24, 1776. Cromer. Martin, May 10, 1776. Dale, Richard, March 28, 1776. Daniel, Jacob, April*28, 1776. Eichelberger, Jacob, April 6, 1776. Eichelberger, John. Eisenhauer, Fred., April 15, 1776. Elliot, William, April 14, 1776. Gohean, Edward, April 1, 1776. Grace, Andrew, April 13, 1776. Greaves (Graves), Jacob, March 23, 1776. Grove, John, March 19, 1776. Grove, Samuel, April 8, 1776. Hall, Robert, May 8, 1776. Hall, William, May 12, 1776. Helm, John, April 22, 1776; missing since the battle, Aug. 27, 1776. Helm, Fred., April 20, 1776. Henderson, Robert, July 5, 1776 ; missing since the battle, Aug. 27, 1776. Henry, James. Henry, Joseph, July 28, 1776. Henry, William. Hill, John, May 21, 1776. Johnston, James, April 30, 1776. Kennedy, John, March 27, 1776. King, Peter, March 27, 1776. Kline, Conrad, April 9, 1776. Kline, John, April 8, 1776. Kremar, John Adam, April 28, 1776. Leab, Michael, March 19, 1776. Logan, William, March 23, 1776. Long, Benjamin, enlisted at Lebanon, April 9, 1776; discharged January 1, 1778 ; resided in Franklin County in 1827. Lowden, Stephen, April 26, 1775. Lutz, Henry, March 31, 1776. Mansfield, James, April 30, 1776. McAfee, Neal, April 15, 1776. McConnomy, William, July 12, 1776. McCormack, Charles, March 24, 1776. McDonald, James, July 12, 1776. McFarland, Joseph, April 13, 1776 ; missing since the battle of Aug. 27, 1776. McNeal, Loughlin, March 22, 1776. , McQuaide, John, April 8, 1776. Messersmith, Andrew, April 11, 1776. Miller, Jeremiah, March 30, 1776; his wife Betty ac- companied him, and November 27, 1776, escaped from the enemy at Brunswick. Miller, Michael. Miller, Peter, April 1, 1776. Newin, Patrick, March 25, 1776. Newman, Walter, March 29, 1776. Pontius, John, April 28, 1776. Powell, Fred., March 31, 1776. Robinson, William, May 9, 1776. Ross, John, March 26, 1776. Schreiber, Sebastian, March 21, 1776. Scott, James, March 25, 1776. Scott, John, March 26, 1776. Sewalt, Jacob, March 22, 1776. Schott, Ludwig, March 25, 1776. Sell [Sull], John, March 29, 1776. Sipples, John, April 20, 1776. Slotterbach, George, April 9, 1776. Smith, John, April 8, 1776. Smith, Robert, March 25, 1776. Snellbecker, George, June 27, 1776. Snellbecker, John. Springer, Philip, April 5, 1776. Stewart, Richard, May 4, 1776. " Stone, John, April 22, 1776: Vancourt, Jacob; April 9, 1776. Wolfe, Daniel, April 11, 1776. Wolfe, Matthias, April 28, 1776. Walborn, Andrew, March 21, 1776. Walborn, Mardinousj March 21, 1776. Weyland, Michael, May 16, 1776; re-enlisted in Thirteenth Penn'a. Wickle, John, May 3, 1776. Young, William, July 3, 1776. In Col. Timothy Green's Hanover Rifle Battalion, in 1775 and 1776, was the company of Capt. Thomas Koppenheflfer, which was wholly composed of Leb- anon County men. They were at Fort Washington at the time of its surrender, Nov. 16, 1776, but shortly after paroled, sent home, and subsequently exchanged. Many of the men were afterwards connected with the Pennsylvania Line, three years' service, and proved themselves brave and gallant soldiers. GENERAL HISTORY. 33 Roll of Capt. Koppenheffer' s Company. Captain. Thomas Koppenheffer. First Lieutenants. Peter Brightbeel. Balser Bumgarner. Second Lieutenants. John Weaver. Jacob Tibbina. Non- Commissioned Alberdale, Francis. Brightbill, John. Beesor, Frederick. Brightbeel, Peter, Sr. Beesor, Jacob. Bumgarner, Adam. Beesor, Henry. Brightbeel, Peter, Jr. Bumgarner, John. Carvary, Andrew. Clement, Jacob. Chidavite, George. Earhart, Nicholas. Frederick, Thomas. Frank, Philip. Frank, Christophel. Fox, John. Felty, Peter. Fittler, Adam. Fox, Peter. Frank, George. Goodman, Adam. Gathel, Jacob. Hederick, William. Harper, John. Hederick, George. Helm, Conrad. Hess, Henry. Kaver, Andrew. Lymon, John. Officers and Privates. Lowmiller, Henry. Lydsatricker, Philip. Musser, Jacob. McBride, John. Musser, Peter. Mark, Henry. Mark, Adam. Milely, Mertain. Pickle, John. Pupp, Nicholas. Pruner, John. Philipy, Michael. Pruner, Nicholas. Poor, Nicholas. Poor, Martain. Snider, Nicholas. Stoakey, Christophel. Stone, Balsor. Straw, Michael. Shell, Henry. Tittle, George. Toops, John. Tittler, Adam. Wentling, Adam. Wilt, George. Walmer, John. Walmer, Peter. Winter, Jacob. Winter, John. Winter, John, Sr. CHAPTER VII. The War for Independence (Continned)— The fleeting of the Associated Battalions at Laucnster-Roll of Capt Klolz's Company of tlie Kljing Oamp-Non-Associators in 1777, for Lebanon, Heidelberg, and Bethel Townships. The formation of the Flying Camp, as directed by Congress, from such of the associated battalions as volunteered for the purpose, required full organiza- tion, and a meeting was called at Lancaster, to which the militia of the State were directed to send repre- sentatives. This meeting, consisting of the delegates from the officers and privates of the fifty-three bat- talions of associators, convened on the 4th of July, 1776 for the purpose of choosing two brigadier- generals. The minutes of this convention have never been published in full, and we present, therefore, the record, for which we are indebted to the Clymer papers : At a meeting of the OfBcers and Privates of 53 Battalions of the As- sociators of the Colony of Pennsylvania, at Lancaster, on the 4th day of July, 1776, on due Notice to choose two Biigadier-Generals to command the Battalions and Forces in the said Colony, — Col. Geo. Boss, President; Lieut.-Col. Daniel Clymer, secretary. The Protest of the Board of Officers of the Five Battalions of the City & Liberties of Philad* to the Assembly was read. The Circular Letter signed by the Chairman, Col. Roberdeau, was read. The Circular Letter from the Committee of Privates of the City & Liberties of Pliilada signed by the Chairman, Mr. Sam^ Simpson, was read. Tlie Protest of the Privates of the City tfc Liberties of Philada to the Assembly signed by Mr. Samuel Simpson was read. By the Returns of the City & Liberties of Philadi^ and the several countys of tlie Colony of Penusylv"^ the following Persons were Dele- gates to the Convention : City and Liberties of Philadelphia. First Battalion. Officers. — Col. John Chevalier, Capt. Joseph Copperthwait. Privates. — Mr. Thomas Nevii, Mr. George Nelson. Second Battalion. Officers. — Col. D. Roberdeau, Capt. W, Bradford. Privates. — Mr. Thomas Montgomery, Mr. Wm. Pool. Third BatUtlion. Officers. — Maj. Robert Knox, Capt. Sharp Delaney. Privates. — Mr, Paul Cox, Mr. Charles Prior. Fourth BiiUulion. Otlicers. — Capt. John Kling, Capt. James Brewster. Privates. — Jolin Brown, Henry Lock. Fifth Battalion. Officers. — Lieut.-Col. Daniel Clymer, Capt. Lewis Bitting. Privates. — Thomas Craig, Jacob Hitter. Philadelphia County. First Battalion. Officers. — Maj. Isaac Hews, Mr. George Gray, standard bearer. Piivates. — Jesse Roberts, William Smith. Second Battalion. Officers. — Col. Josiah Hart, Capt. Marshall Edwards. Privates. — Robert Wliitten, John Simpson. Third Battalion. [Blank.] Fourth Battalion. Officers. [Blank.] Privates. — James Hazelett, William Hick. Buchs County. First Battulion. Officers. — Capt. John Jervis, Capt. John Folwell. Privates. — Arthur Watts, Joseph Fenton. Second Battalion. Officers.— Capt. John Jameson, Adjt. Wm. Thompson. Piivates. — Aivin Holiis, Wm. Harr. Third Battalion. Officers. — Col. Andrew Kekline, Lient.-Col. Josiah Bryan. Privates. — John Patterson, Michael Stoneback. Fourth Battalion. Officers. — Col. Arthur Erwin, Lieut.-Col. Robert Robinson. Privates. — Tunis Van Middleswarts, Francis Titus. Chester County. First Battalion. Officers. — Maj. John Culvertson, Capt. Benjamin Wallace. Piivates. — Samuel Cunningham, Andrew Boyd. Second Battalion. Officers.— Lieut.-Col. Wm. Gibbons, Capt. Wm. Scott. Piivates — David Denny, Samuel Culbertson. Third Battalion. [Blank.] Fourth Battalion. Officers. — Col. Wm. Montgomery, Capt. Joseph Gardiner. Privates. — John Macltey, John Fulton. Fifth BaUalion. [Blank.] 34 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. Lanca$ter Counlij. First Battalion. Officers.— Col. Geo. Robb, Lieut.-Col. Adam Keigart. Privates.— Chriflt. Werts, Francis Bally. Seccmd Battalion. Officers.— Col. Curtis Grubb, Maj. Philip Marstaller. Privates.— James Sullivan, Lodwick Ziering. Third Battalion. OfBcers.— Lieut.-Col. Robert Thompson, Maj. ThoB. Smith. Privates.— John Smith, Isaac Erwin. Fourth Batialion. Offirers.— Capt. Joseph Sherer, Capt. James Murray. Privates.- Abraham Darr, Wm. Leard. Fifth Battalion. Officers.— Col. James Crawford, Capt. James Mercer. Privates —Henry Slaymaker, John Whitehill. Sixth Battalion. Officers.- Lieut.-Col. Alex. Lowry, Maj. James Cunningham. Privates.- John Bealy, John Jameson. Sevenlh.Baltalion. Officers.— Col. M. Slough, Lieut.-Col. Leonard Rautpanny. Privates.— Christian Bough, Simon Snider. Eighth Battalion. Officers.— Col. Peter Grubb, Capt. Henry "Weaver. Privates.- William Smith, George Ury. Mnlh Battalion. Offloers.— Lieut.-Col. Christian "Wegman, Maj. Michael Till. Privates.— Michael DifFebaugh, Anthony Debier. Tenth Rijle BaltulV'n. * Officers.— Col. John Ferree, Lieut-Col. Andrew Little. Privates.— George Line, Joseph Whitehill. Eleventh Rifle Battalion. Officers.— Col. Timothy Green, Lieut.-Col. Peter Heddericks. Privates.- Wm. Barnet, Geo. Tittle. YorTt County. First Battalion. Offlcera.— Col. Joseph Donaldson, Capt. Michael Smiser. Privates.— William Scott, John Ewing. Second Battalion. Offlcera.— Maj. Hugh Donwiddie, Capt. Hugh Campble. Privates.— David McConnaughy, Esq., Mr. George Cliughan. Tliird Battalion. \ Officers.— Maj. Joseph Jefferies, Maj. John Andrew. Privates. — John Hantitton, Thomas Lillie. Fourth Battalion. Officers —Col. Wm. Smith, Maj. John Finley. Privates.— Jacob Steley, Josiah Scott. Fifth Battalion. Officers.- Col. Matthew Dill, Maj. Garrett Oreft. Privates. — James Nealor, Daniel Messerly. Cumberland County. First Battalion. Officers.— Capt. John Steel, Lieut. Wm. Blair. Privates.— Jonathan Hogge, Ephraim Steel. Second Battalion. Officers. — Capt. John McClelland, Capt. Elias Davison. Privates. — Jonathan Smith, Henry Pawling. Third Battalion. Officers.—Lieut.-Col. W. Clark, Capt. Andrew McFarland. Privates. — James Brown, Wm. Sterrett. Fourth Battalion. Officers, — Lieut.-Col. Frederick Watts, Capt. Geo. Robinson. Privates. — John Hamilton, James Read. Fifth Battalion. Officers. — Col. Joseph Armstrong, Maj. James McCalmont. Privates, — James Finley, John Vance. Berka County. First Battalion. Officers.— Maj. Gabriel Hiester, Lieut. Philip Cremer. Privates. — John Hartman, Peter Filbert. Second Buttalion. Officers.— Col. Mark Bird, Maj. John Jonea. Privates. — David Morgan, Benjamin Tolhert. Third Battalion. Officers. — Lieut -Col. Nicholas Lutz, Capt. George Rheam. Privates.- Henry Spoon, Mathias Winrick. Fourth Battalion. Officers.— Maj. Michael Lindemut, Capt. George May. Private. — Michael Moser. Fifth Battalion. Officers.— Col. John Patton, Lieut.-Col. John Rice. Privates. — Jacob Selser, Christian Winter. Sixth Battalion. Officers. — Maj. Conrad Leifler, Lieut. John Miller. Privates. — John Hill, Henry Lark. Seventh Battalion. Col. Sebastian Levan, Adjt. Samuel Eley. Privates. — Philip Bislers, Casper Smock. Eighth Battalion. Northampton County. First Battalion. Officers.- Maj. Abraham Lebar, Capt. John Orndt. Privates. — Wm. McFarren, Jacob Upp. Second Battalion. Officers.— Col. Henry Guigar, Capt. Michael Snider. Privates. — Richard Barkhous, Peter Haas. Third Battalion. Officers.- Maj. John Sigfried, Capt. Nicholas Karn. Privates. — Robert Brown, Henry Best. Fourth Buttalion. Officera.- Col. Jacob Stroud, Capt. Timothy Jayne. Privates. — John McDowell, Jr., Derrick Vn. Fleck. - Northumberland County. Battalion under Col. Hunter. Officers.— Capt. Christian Gillespie, Lieut. George Calhoun. Privates,— Frederick Stone, Laughlin McCartney. Battalion under Cot. Plunkeit. Officers. — Sliij. John Brady, Lieut. Mordecai McKinzie. Privates. — Paul GMttes, Andrew Culbertson. Battalion under Col. Weiser. Officers. — Col. Benjamin Weiser, Lieut.-Col. Samuel McOlay. Privates. — Seth Matlock, Jonas Zokan. Battalion und<'r Col. PoUer. Officers.— Lieut.-Col. Robert Moodie, Capt. Wm. Gray. Privates. — James McClenaghan, Benjamin Starrett. Westmoreland County. First Battalion. Officers. — Capt. Vendle Ivey, Capt. Alex. Thompson. Privates. — Wm. Guthery, Wm. Perry. Second Battalion. Officers. — Col. Providence Mounty, Maj. James Smith. Privates. — John Carmichael, George Gray. A question was put whether the Officers & Privates would ballot singly. Resolved unanimously in the affirmative. Eesolved, That both B. Gen^^ be voted for at the same time, & the Highest in Votes to be the Commanding Officer, Adjourned till 5 o'clock, P.M. P.M., 5 o'clock. The Officers & Privates met according to Adjourn- ment. . Resolved, That Col. Mark Bird & Cap* Sharp Dalaney, with the Presi- dent, be Judges uf the Election for Brigadiers Gen^ The Election came on the same Day, & after casting up the Poll, the Votes stood thus for Brigadier Generals — Daniel Roberdeau 160 James Ewiiig 85 Samuel Miles 82 James Potter 24 Curtis Grubb 9 George Ros'^ 9 Thomas McKean 8 Mark Bird 7 The President immediately declared Daniel Uoherdean, First Briga- dier General ; James Ewing, Second Brigadier General. Resolved^ That the Brigadier Generals shall have full Power & Authority to call out any Number of the Associators ot this Pi-ovince into Action — their Power to continue until succeeded [superceded] by the Cunvention or by any Authority under their Appointment. Resolved^ That the President of this Board shall have full Power & Authority to grant Commissions to the two Brigadier Generals until Comuiisaions issue from the Convention or any Authority they shall appoint. Resolved, That we will march under the Direction & Command of our Brigadier Generals to the Assistance of alTor any of the free, inde- pendent States of America. GENERAL HISTORY. Beeolved, That the Associators to be drafted out of each County by the BrigaJier Generals, shall be in the same proportion as that directed by the late Provinciul Conference in Philad". Eesolupd, That the Address of this Board be presented to the Presi- dent for his seasonrtble & excellent speech this Day in behalf of the Lib- erties of America & of this Colony in particular, which the Col. received, & the cheerfulness, celerity, and Tmparliality with wliioh he conducted the Business of this Day [which the Colonel reviewed and politely thanked the Board for the Honor done him in their Address]. Sesolved, That Col. Boss, Lieut.-Col. Daniel Clymer, & Capt. Sharp Delaney be a Committee to review and correct the Minutes of the Pro- ceedings of this Day, & they are hereby desired to publish them in the several Newspapers of this Colony, and that they be signed by the Presi- dent. Geo. Boss, President. D. Clymer, Secretary, Lancaster, July 4, 1776. In Col. Matthias Slough's battalion of the Flying Camp was the company of Capt. Jacob Klotz. They were in the battle of Long Island, but were 8.ived in the retreat. They were subsequently stationed at Lebanon guarding the Hessian prisoners. EOLL OF CAPT. JACOB KLOTZ'S COMPANY OP THE FLYING CAMP, JULY 8, ,1776. Captain. Jacob Klotz. Lieutenant. Myer. Lawrence Manning. George Clay. Nicholas Hutchison. William Long. Henry Illig. Jacob Hacketswiler. Andrew Bower. John Hysinger. Anthony Amend. Jacob Moss. Jacob Traxler. Jacob Hustater. John Laub. Matthias Keller. Henry Miller. John Burg. Christopher Shertzer. Hugh McGloughlin. John Wygant. Andrew Shenk. Jacob Brandt. Philip Kutz. Philip Glime. John Johnson. John ParcifuU. Abram Eibblet. John Favourite. George Wallace. Henry Bose. Jacob Furry. Jacob Lubly. Adam Dambach. John Weller, Daniel Glazier. Benjamin Fickle. Christopher Bower. Peter Dunkle. William Keller. John Shertzer. Edward Madden. John Funck.- Christopher Sing. Adam Lohrman. John Hoffman. John Mark. George Wolff. John Bellnigt. Stephen Eine. John Phillips. Edward Kendry. Christian Puttenstone. David Dukart. James Durner. Christian Aberman. Peter Galley. Joseph McCurdy. Philip Grupe. Barnet Martin. James Burk. Adam Goodingberger. Samuel Carson. Michael Trislar. Jacob Springer, .lohn Murray. John Dougherty. Alexander Hill. Zaoharias Hill. Simon Yandes. Sebastian Mackivart. Thomas Williams. Ludwick Miller. Matthias Hoke. Christian Steinman. John Myer. John Rickle. James Burace. Casper Peter.. James Steward. John Fislar. Christian Guipe. John Eeitzel. Eobert McCurdy. At this time the non-asaociators, of which there were a large number in the townships, were disarmed by Col. Greenawalt's battalion. Many of these people were scrupulous of bearing arms, — Mennonites, Mo- ravians, and a few Quakers. They were not disloyal, but disinterested spectators of the struggle. As long as they were not disturbed in their religious devo- tions it mattered little to them under whose dominion they were. It may as well be here remarked that not every one who was classed as a non-assooiator was unwilling to bear arms. Some were disabled by phys- ical ailments, some beyond the age of fifty-three, who were exempt from military duty, artd yet assessed with those first alluded to. As the war progressed those not really liable for service were heavily fined, three pounds ten shillings being the uniform rate. We give herewith the assessment for the three town- ships, omitting the amount, which was as stated. ASSESSMENT OF THE NON-ASSOOIATOES IN LEBANON TOWNSHIP, 1777. Airley, Jacob. AirTey, Christian. Ashleyman, Jacob. Ashelyman, Petter. Ashelynian, John. BrecUbell, John. Bumbarger, .Toseph. BurcoUer, Christian. Bauchnian, Michell. Burcoaller, Uirick. Blangb, John. Baughman, John. Bowman, Abraham. Benler, Everhart. Brenniaon, Micbell. Becker, Jacob, Blougli, Abraham. Baughman, Christian. Baughman, Michell. Brinis, Edward. Bourcoulter, John. Clark, Thomas. Crall, Abraham. Crothar, Anthony. Deel, Joseph. Doner, John. Deel, Abraham. Doner, Jacob. EUebarger, John. Ellebarger, Jacob, Eversohl, Petter. Eversohl, Jacob. Eversohl, John. Eversohl, Petter, Jr. El)y, George. Ebby, Henry. Eversohl, Abraham. Ebby, Petter. Frank, Petter. Funk, Martain. Founhouser, Christian. Frank, Christian. Frank, Cbristipbor, Ginrick, Michell. Gei?h, Oliristian. Geish, Christian, Jnn'. Gryder, George. Gryder, George, Jun'. Gryder, Jacob. Gryder, Jacob. Giurick, Jacob. Ginrick, Christian. Gryder, Michell. Gryder, Henry. Greabeel, Petter. Gi-yder, Martain. Ginrick, Christian. Ginrick, Blickell. Giurick, Tobias. Ginrick, Michell, Jun'. Gryter, Tobias. Gryter, George. Haicy, Mickell. Horsh, Joseph. Haicy, Daniel. Horst, Petter. Huber, Daniel. Huber, Abraham. Hover, Petter. Hover, Christian. Horst, John. Hoover, John Adam, Hover, Christian, Seni". Hayce, Joseph. 36 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. Hayce, Christian. Haj'ce, John. Hayce, Petter. Hirchberger, Christian. Hirchberger, Christian, Jun'. Hasay, Jacob. Hartned. Mickell. iHoover, John. EHoutz, Phillip Lorantz. Mover, Andrew, Juu"". Jorty, Petter. Jorty, Henry. Knoll, John. KofTuian, Abraham. Knol], Henry. Kreamer, Henry. Light, Henry. Light, Jacob. Light, Henry, Sen"". Light, Juhn. Long, Christian. Light, Jacob. Miller, John. Myer, John. Miller, Abraham. Miller, Mickel. Myer, Jacob. McKath, Thomas. Myer, Petter. McKinsey, John. Mackel, John. Neff, Christian. Neff, Henry. Noffaer, John. Neff, George. Ober, Christian. Orendorff, Loranzt. Beasor, Pani^l. Kice, Petter. Kisb, Petter. Smutz, Abraham, Shalloberger, John. Strom e, George. Strom^e, Henry. Strome, Jacob. Strome, John. Smith, Christian. Snevly, George. Snoviy, Petter. Snevly, Ullrick. Sh alley, Adam^ farmer. Steager, Adam. Smitz, Matbias. Steclipeck, Mickell. Stibb, Jacob. Seic'hrist, Lorantz. Shell, Hernion. Shuitz, Frantz, Smith, Juhn. Traexel, Abraham. Traexel, Mickel. Thontz, Henry. Walter, Jubn. Walter, John. Wolfe, John. Willhelm, John. Worst, Petter. Willhelm, Christian. Willhelm, Jacob. Witnier, Petter. Worst, Henry. Xanber, Jacob. Zinn, George. ASSESSMENT OF THE NON-ASSOCIATORS OF HEIDELBERG TOWNSHIP, 1777. Achi, Henry. Bowman, Petter. Bulnian, John. Becker, John. Becker, George. Bruner, Henry. Byers, Stopbel. BiidorfF, Hermainea. Badorff, Juhn. Bishof, Paul. Beeker, John. Derwechter, George. Derwechter, Henry. Detweiller, Yost. Deboy, Isaac. DeisB, ChrJstian, Deel, Christian. Deissinger, Henry. Emerd, George. Egolf, Valeuliue, Ensminger, Ludwig. Eshway, Nick. Fritz, Adam. Foltz, Frantz. Foltz, Joseph. Feler, Jacob. Graff, Michael. Graff, John. Gungle, Leonard. Gared, George. Gimberliiig, Jacob. Housser, Conrad. Housser, Jacob. Hippensteel, Tost. Hoffman, George. Hoffman, Adam. Hoffman, Adam. Hiitben, George. Hoater, Christian. Hoster, Conrad. Hemig, John. Hergehode, Henry. Huber, Michael. Hist, Fred. Illig, Leonard. Kellman, Philip. Kopenheffer, Henry. Kinssel, Rudolf. Krim, Peter. Keller, Martin. Kogenderfer, George. Kratzer, Joseph. Kratzer, Joseph. Krall, Henry. Kap, Peter. Kap, Andrew. Kap, Antony. Kaufman, Frederick. Kitzmiller, Jacob. Kish, Christian. Kline, George. Kidsecker, Nick. Kring, Henry. Lance, John. Laiitermilch, Adam. Lewenstein, David. Llsee, Christopher. Lick, Dndwig. Mayer, Henry. Mayer, Henry. Mayer, Henry. Mayer, Conrad. Miiyer, Jacob. Mfiyer, John. Mayer, Rudolph. Moor, Michael. Mnsselman, John. Musseluian, Jacob. Minig, Michael. Miller, IVHchaeL Miller, George. Miller, Michael, Miller, Henry. Mase, Michael. Mase, Jacob. Mase, Nich. Mose, George. Neff, Abmljam. Neff, Michael. Neff, Abraham. Neib, John. Newman, Walter. Nagle, George. Philip, at John Slienks. Eeaser, Christian. Bap, Fn-deiick. Rudy, Ruiiimtis. Spangler, Peter. Sherman, Daniel. Smith, Michael. • Smith, Jacob. Shenck, John. Swanger, Paul. StoUer, George. Stump, Michael. Stump, George. Strickler, Andres. Samuel, Hartman. Sholl, Adam. Shull, John. Shorch, Jacob. Stone, John. Seyberd, Francis. - Sol, Peter. Shenckel, Jacob. Shertz, George. Seiter, George. Stickle, Antony. Shram, Henry. Shitz, Peter. Shorch, George. Weaver, Wendle. Weiser, Martin, Wick, Christian. Winter, Michael. Wise, Christian. Wise, Henry. Wulfersperger, Frederick. Widniayer, Ludwig. Zelliier, Nick. Zelluer, Jacob. Zend, Jacob. Zariman, Jacob. Zug, Jacob. ZfUer, Henry. Zeller, Juhn. ASSESSMENT OF THE NON-ASSOCIATORS IN BETHEL TOWNSHIP, AUG. 19, 1777. Besbore, George. Bender, Adam, Buchmey, Frederick. Brand, Adam. Brand, Adam. Breghibill, Chrs. Been, Gaul. Biclifcl, Jacob. Bicksler, Joseph. Brubacher, John. Brubacher, Henry. Been, John. Beshore, Daniel. Cnagy, Ulrich. Cnagy, Yost. Fugs, Henry. Fetterhaff, Mathiaa. Fetterhaff, Ballzer. Fetterhaff, Jacob. Fetterhaff, Baltzer, Jr. Gerst, Dewalt. Grob, Chiistian. Groh, Isaac. Gerst, Nick. Gerst, Frederick. Gassert, Philip. Gerst, Nicholas, Jr. Groh, Michael. Hei-slilierger, Peter. Haltiman, John. Huntsecker, Chrs. Huntsecker, Samuel. Heckman, Jacob. Krall, Isaac. Long, Chris. Light, Jubn. Leutz, Chris. Long, Daniel. Long, Killjan. Mayer, Jacob. Newcomer, Jacob. Oberholtzer, Martin. Oberholtzer, Jacob. Pefly, Jacob. Pefly, David. Rup, Peter. Snel-ly, Jacob. Shewy, Ludwig. Strom, Abraham. Snebly, Isaac, Jr. Wolf, Nicklain. Wengert, John. Wengert, Chiietian. Wolf, Christian. John Bear. Henry Ness. Henry Umholtz. "Peter Beshore. Jacob Lemy, Jr. John Groh. John Shower. Peter Shouer. CHAPTEE VIII. The War for Independence (Continued)— British Prisoners at Lebanon — Tlie Oatb of Allegiance to the State. As unsuccessful as the expedition to Canada proved, it left a large number of British officers in the hands of the Americans. Those of the Seventh Regiment Royal GENERAL HISTORY. 37 Fusileers, captured at the St. Johns, arrived at Lancas- ter on the 9th o£ December, 1775, where they were con- fined under parole and guardjuntil April, 1776, when most of the officers were sent to Carlisle, York, and Lebanon.! With these were women and children. It is more than probable that few if any would have been forwarded to Lebanon, but the smallpox at that time was raging at York, and those not having had the contagion declined to go to that place; as a result they were sent to Lebanon. These were billeted upon the inhabitants, to the great annoyance of those who did not wish to have their domestic arrangements interfered with. Protesting against this outrage, the prisoners were taken to one or two public-houses, one of which was kept by Matthew McHugh. On the morning of the 14th of June, as appears by the following communication from the Committee of Ob- servation at Lancaster to the committees of York and Cumberland, the prisoners had disappeared from Lebanon. Writing on the 16th of June they say, "We conceive it our indispensable Duty to inform you of the Contents of a Letter rec'd last night from the members of committee of Lebanon Township — in this County. They acquaint us by an Express that all the Officers Prisoners of war at Lebanon with their servants disappeared from their Lodgings on the 14th inst — in the morning before Day. The night before they made preparations to go a fishing as they sometimes amused themselves in that way — by means whereof they were not suspected until the Evening before last. One Barrington went off" on Friday about 8 o'clock on Pretence of being of the Fishing party, and went by the way of Grubb's Forges. They fur- ther inform us that it was generally thought there that they had made toward New York by Private Roads over the mountain. And that persons had been dis- patched to several places on the mountain side to alarm the country. The Express left Lebanon yes- terday at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and we have not since heard from that Quarter. We cannot take upon ourselves to determine whether the suspicions enter- tained of the escape of the Prisoners are well founded or not. It cannot but be obvious that the Public is intimately interested to prevent Practices of this nature as well as to apprehend the Prisoners— who have meditated their escape. Your good sense will point out to you what is fitting and necessary to be done— with Respect to such of the Prisoners as are stationed with you. We are convinced every prudent moderate Precaution will be made use of by your I The following is a copy of the parole taken by each prisoner at Lan- caster, who was removed to Lebanon : 11 1 . , being a Prisoner in the United Colonies of America, do upon the Honor of a Gent- promise that I will not go into or near any Seaport Town, nor farther than Six Miles di.-tant fiom LebaTion in Lancas' County, my prenml place of BeMenre, without leave of the Con- tinental Congress, or of the Committee of Safety of Penn'a; and that I will carry on no political Correspondence whatever on tlie subject of the dispute between Great Britain & these Colonies so long as I remain a prisoner." Board to secure their continuance among you — and to preclude the Possibility of an escape." As may be expected there was considerable uproar, and in the excitement of the hour the poor landlord came near being mobbed by the populace, believing that McHugh had been conniving for the escape of the prisoners. This reached the ears of the general committee, who at once wrote to Messrs. Philip Greenawalt and John Light, the Lebanon members, under date of 25th of June, as follows : " Complaint has been made to us by Matthew McHugh, that he has been threatened by divers Per- sons in Lebanon, on account of the Prisoners lodging at his House, and having made their escape from thence. We mean not to offer our Sentiment, whether McHugh is in any wise censurable for his Conduct respe'cting the officers. We are not possessed of any Proof on either side on which we can form any judg- ment. " All we mean by our present letter is to transmit our opinion to you concerning the part we think each member of the Committee should take when Indi- viduals assume to themselves the Right to punish persons for any supposed offense against the Common Cause. We need only refer you on the head to the late Resolve of Congress, which is clear and express in Point. Indeed, the most pernicious Consequence must arise from private persons taking into their own hands the Power of judging and carving out Reme- dies in matters concerning the public welfare, inde- pendent of the Resolutions of some public Body. We have no doubt. Gentlemen, but you will use your utmost influence in your neighborhood to prevent any Outrage on private property under the Pretext of serving the public Interest. You will discourage all such violent proceedings, and as far as may be prevent them, by recommending a different line of Conduct as the duty of every good man in the Community." Lebanon was not only a point of produce supply for the army, but quite a number of cannon were cast at Cornwall Furnace. The following letter from the committee of Congress to Col. Peter Grubb, owner of the furnace, is worthy of preservation in this connec- tion. It is dated at " Philadelphia, 18th September, 1776," and signed by " R. T. Paine" : t'SiR^ — By Capt. Joy I understand you have at last made Borae 12- Pounders, but I fear they are heavier than they ought to be. ThoBe made by Col. Bird weigh but 27'= and some under. You have drawn on the Committee for £1500, it is not sent because the matter is not under- stood. We can't suppose you want such a sum to carry on the Works, & you certainly don't desire tlie Cannon to be paid for before they are de- livered. The sum you draw for is the value of the Guns already made, & as the contract whs made with your Brother, Col. Curtis Grubb (Th'o you may be equally interested with him), yet I should like to hear from him before so large a sum was paid ; however, I have sent you by Capt. Dani Joy one thousand dollars. I mentioned to Congress your inclina- tion to have some of the Prisoners from Lancaster to work for you, but it was supposed the Committee of Lancaster would object to it. I hope you will make all Expedition in making the Cannon & getting them down, for tliey are much wanted. The Cannon must be proved with two shott, or they will never be put on board the Ships. I am your humi Servt." 38 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. There were at Cornwall several of these cannon, and at the old arsenal at Harrisburg two, which were carelessly sold for rubbish when the building was razed, and had been objects of curiosity to all visitors. The victories at Trenton and Princeton left a large number of prisoners in the hands of the Americans. These were mostly the " Hessian Mercenaries." Lancaster, Reading, and Lebanon were the several stations where these were held in duress. Some of these were quartered in the Moravian, or rather " congregation," house still standing at Hebron. For the space of ten months the house was occupied by one or another detachment. At that time the minis- ter of old Hebron was Brother Bader, who, together with his family, remained living in the lower story of the building. As a matter of course he was con- stantly thrown into contact with the Hessians.' In fact, as many a quaint exclamation in his diary tes- tifies, often saw much more of them than he desired. An anecdote, translated by my friend, Bishop De Schweinitz, is herewith given : "To-day a rifleman from Anspach (ein Ansbach- isher Yaeger) and a corporal visited Brother Bader. They related to him that Howe had written a letter to Washington containing merely the seventh chapter of tlie prophet Ezekiel, and that Washington had replied by copying and sending to Howe the fourth chapter of the boot of Baruch." Any one who shall take t^ie trouble to read these two chapters will see with what wonderful tact Gen. Washington selected a proper Biblical answer to the British general's Biblical dispatch. As early as May, 1776, the Continental Congress declared that it was "irreconcilable to reason and good conscience that the American people should take the oaths for the support of government under the Crown of Oreat Britain," and that it was " necessary that every kind of authority under the crown should be suppressed." The struggle which ensued between the Quakers and those in the proprietary interest, and the Whigs of the Revo- lution, was bitter, but the plan of the latter for the calling of a convention was finally successful. At a conference of the committees of observation for the different counties, held at Carpenter's Hail on the 18th of June, 1776, it was resolved that it " was neces- sary to call a Provincial Convention to form a new government, in the authority of the people only," and the following religious test was proposed to the mem- bers thereof: " M, , do pftrffsisf itt (S0tt m father, m& tM ffsw fflUfist its (fJtwiial ^Dit, the ixM (S!>aA, autt iit X\\t fola ^mi, on* fficrjl JiUssed mxmxt, m& Ats acfettamlftTge tlte umA m\v- tMW at m ©Id and lew fflmanttut U he ^m\x hj) iiviiic ittsiiriratiott." Notwithstanding the spirit, perhaps, of intolerance which actuated the adoption of this oath, immediate efforts were taken for a proper representation of every county in the State. The county of Lancaster was, the better to carry out the objects of the Provincial Conference, divided into six districts. The fifth di- vision, comprising the townships of Elizabeth, Heidel- berg, Bethel, Lebanon, and East Hanover, held their election at the town of Lebanon, the judges appointed to conduct the same being Casper Kuhn, Jacob Eckart, and Philip Greenawalt. Of the eight members of the convention chosen for the county of Lancaster, Philip Marstellar, of Lebanon, was the only one residing in the district referred to. The convention met on the 15th of July, the members without hesitancy taking the prescribed test, and during its session it not only discussed and perfected the measures necessary in the adoption of a constitution, but assumed the supreme authority in the State, and legislated upon matters for- eign to the object for which it was convened. Among other things this body appointed a Council of Safety to carry on the executive duties of the government, approved of the Declaration of Independence as passed by the Continental Congress, and appointed justices of the peace, who were required before as- suming their functions to each to take an oath of re- nunciation of the authority of George III., and one of allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania. The old Provincial Assembly which had adjourned on the 14th of June to meet on the 14th of August, could not obtain a quorum, and adjourned again to the 23d of September. It then interposed a feeble remon- strance against the invasion of its prerogatives by the convention, but it was a dying protest. The Decla- ration of Independence had given the old Provincial government a mortal blow, and it soon expired without a sigh, thus ending forever the proprietary and royal authority in Pennsylvania. The Constitution of 1776 went into immediate ope- ration on its adoption, the 28th of September. The oath prescribed for members of Assembly was as objection- able as that required to be taken by the members of the convention, and political disputes waged warm and bitter. The refusal of the State Navy Board, re- ferred to in the minutes of that body, to take the oath of allegiance to the State, tended to increase the ex- citement, and this, with the disarrangement of the associators, required the adoption of more stringent measures. The Legislature, by a general militia law, passed June 13, 1777, not only made full provision for the enrollment of all persons fit for military duty, but established a test and oath of allegiance, a measure highly necessary to restrain the insolence of the Tories. The preamble and oath are in these words: " Whereas, From sordid or mercenary motives, or other causes in- consistent with the happiness of a free and independent people, sundry persona have or may yet be induced to withliold their service or allegi- ance from the Cnnimonwealth of Pennsylvania as a free and indepen- dent State, as declared by Congress: " And whkkeas, Sundry other persons in Ihoir several capacities have, at the risk of tbeir lives and fortunes, or both, rendered great and emi- nent services in defence and support of the said inde[>endence, and may yet continue to do the same, and as both these sorts of persons remain GENERAL HISTORY, 39 at this time mixed, and in snDie meaBure undistiuguished from each other, and the disaffected deriving nndeserved service from the faithful and well affected: "And wherkas, Allegiance and protection arc reciprocal, and those ■who will nut boar the former are not nor ought to be entitled to the benefits of the latter: " Therefore it is enacted, etc., That all white male inhabitants of the State, except of the counties of Bedford and Westmoreland, above the age of eighteen years, shall, before the Ist day of the ensuing July, and in the excepted countips before the Ist day of August, take and sub- scribe before some justice of the peace an oafh in the f.pllowing form : " -f) , do swear {or ajfirm) that I vpnounco. and refuse nil allegi' once in George the Third, Hng of Great Britain, his heirs and mccesftorH; and that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the Commonwralth of Pennsylvania as a free and independent Slate, and that I will not at any time do or cause to be done any matter or thing that will he prejudicial or mjurious to the freedom and independence thereof, as declared by Congress, Kind also, that lucdl diecovei- and make known to some one justice nf the peace of said Slate all treasons or traitorous conspiracies which I now know ■or hereafter shall know to be formed against this or any of Uie United States ■of America.'''* Severe penalties were imposed by this law on all who neglected or refused to take the oath. Many of the names which follow are those who took an active and prominent part in the revolutionary contest, and as a part of the history of that famous era, the record is worth preserving. Not until the adoption of the con- stitution of 1790 was the religious test dispensed with. The following lists are those of John Thome and Henry Sheaffer, justices for the townships of Lebanon and Heidelberg. We have not been able to secure that for Bethel, if there ever was a list, which is doubtful,, as many of the inhabitants took the test oath before Col. Timothy Green, of Hanover, or Squire Thome. As will be perceived .by reference to the latter's record, it was not required to subscribe to the oath within the township, for some of the inhabitants took the same at Lancaster, the county seat, and others in Philadel- pfhia. NAMES OF PERSONS WHO TOOK THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE STATE OF I'ENNSYLVANIA, 1777-78. To John Hubley, Esquire, Recorder of Deeds, (£c. in and for the County of La/ncaster. Lancaster County, ss. The Subscriber, one of the Justices of the Peace for the said County do hereby certify that the following is a true list of the Names and Sir- names of all such Persons who have since the ii7 day of September last Taken and Subscribed a Majority of tliem. the Oath, and the others the affirmation of Allegiance and Fidelity before me as directed by an Act of General Assembly of this State, passed the I3th Day of June, 1777. We, the subscribers, do swear (or afBrni) that we renounce and re- fuse all allt'giance to George the Third, King of Great Britain, his heirs and bUCCPSBors, and that we will be faithful and bfar true allegiance to the Commouwealth of Pennsylvania as a free and independent State, and that we will not at any time do, or cause to be done, any matter or thing that will be prejudicial or injurious to the freedom and indt-pen- dence thereof, as declared by Congress, and also tliat we will discover and- make known to some one justice of the peace of the said State,, all treasons and traitorous conspiracies which we now know or hereafter shall know to be formed against this or any of the United States of America. Sept. 28, 1777. Wm. Dewees, Jr., Philadelphia Co. Henry Myer. Michael Kise, York County. Jacob Boltz. George Ulriok, Valentine Krug. John Greiner. Jacob Zank. John T>ibben. William Morgan, Leunard Schwingle. George Schwingle. Adam Orth. October 6. Adam Kayler. Adam Kashel, Berks County. Adam Smith. Michael Krebs. John Newman. October 8. Durst Thoma, Jr. October 9. Andreas Lentz. Jacob Zolioger. October 10. Henry Minich. John ChrJst'n Laesh, Northam. County. - October 12. George Fisher. Christian Long. Peter Ebersole. September 29. Adam Lash, Northam. County. October 1. October 4. Jacob Goldman. John Stone. Matthias Dipple. Henry Meyr. Adam Balmer. Andreas Schaldt. Kraft Aschenl)auch. Christoplier Rapp. Peter Sholtz. Frederick Schneider. William Sands. George Fingle. George Woltenherger. Frederick Nagle. Daniel Bradley. William Henry. William Trehey. Peter Deitzler. John Weitzell. Jacob Werich. John Schitz. Dewalt Biesh. Abraham Smith. Jacob Shaffner, Jr. Samuel Bradley. William Hunter. Adam Jacobey. Nicholas Mosser. Henry Cook, Berks County, Michael Minich. October 14. Alexander Klegg. Philip Fawcit. Jacob Geib. Jacob Gass. Peter.Stone. Peter Kolb. Christian Bombach. Philip Keffelsinger. October 15. Michael Lenard. October 16, Henry Graham, Marti nuB Spingler. October 17. October 18. Ludwick Schitz. October 20. John Dinges. October 21. Martin Weiser. Henry . Dietrich Shultz. Franz Zerman. Peter Bruner. John Herkerdur. John Miller. Peter Ginrick. October 22. October 30. November 1. Simon Bossier. PhiUp Bartenbach. November 2. John Springer. November 3. Windle Weaver. Edward Isrello. Jacob Miley. November 8. ■ Peter Zeller. George Stervin. November 10. Peter Wehn. 40 HISTOKY OF LEBANON COUNTY. November 11. Peter Fawber. February 11. Joaeph Van Gundy. Henry Bukel. February 20. November 13. Henry Oliver. Christopher Ulrick. February 21. November 15, Peter Miller. John DuhbB, March 11. November 17. Michael Caldwell. Christopher Ziebolt, Henry Sayler. March 16. John Rorher. John Scholt. William Bargenhoff. Casper Toungblood, John Serig. March 20. George Myer. John Adam Stone. Robert Hunter. Ludwick I:jhler. George Riehler. March 27. Daniel Fitzberger Alexander Benjamin. John Adama. Novemba- 19. JprU 1. Henry Meyer. James Calhoon. William Sloan. James Trousdale. George Stone. George Giirnweither. Kobert Sanders. Casper Sturer, Jr. Henry Strack. April 2. Christopher Ambrosius. William Bluher. John Amind. April 4. November 20. James McLane. Henry Shaell. Conrad Kaufman Baltzer Orth, Sr. George Mintzel. April 16. November 21. Michiel Singer. April 20. Christopher Beistel. George Ohlinger. Kobert Buridge. George Armstrong. November 23. Eobert Cook. Henry Beckley. Peter Shaffer. James Brown. November 24. April 21. Charles Ohilwein John Shauer. George Difienbagh. Jacob Blumhart. Nicholas Brechbill. Leonard Stilick. Adam Stager. Andreas Schreack. November 26. April 22. Conrad Barkling. Jacob Ekart. Jacob Shertol. December 2, Casimer May. George Welch. John Meyr. Alexander Graham. April 27. December 4. Jacob Metz. David Safiron. Peter Arnholt. December 5. April 29. George Shombarg Henry Bauman. December 6. May-i. Henry Miller. December 10. Martin Ulrick. Henry Stauffer. Peter Newman. May 2. December 13. Christopher Seiss. Henry Stahlsmith. Charles Ogdeo, Jersey. Nathaniel Wart, Jersey. Peter Long. John Giogrey. John Salter, Jersey. Frederick Pohelman. Mayi. December 14. John Schob. Mays. John Weitzel. Jdmes Thome. Jacob Mailer. December 17. May 6. Ludwick Hartman. John Kedeck. Michal Wolf. December 19. George Miller. Nicholas Eshwey. Jacob Gosser, Sr. Michael Shechlin. Mayi. Jan. 3, 1778. John Bealy. Peter Fisher. May 8. January 10. Michael Haack. Nicholas Haack. Michael Philipey. George Adam Derr. May 9. January 24. Thomas Mitchel. Thomas Mitchel, Jr. Philip Baterfoot. John Henner. Thomas KopenhaiFer. Martin Weaver. January 26. Christ Breitenback. Bobert Love. May 10. February 9. John Harper. Christopher Hildebrand. Peter Stump. Levi EngelB, Philadelphia County. John Peter Miller. February 10. May 11. Tost Weyandt. John Moor. Robert Byers, Chester County. Peter Schitz. Adam Mark. Cliristuphor Green. Henry Weyandt. George Frederick Foxes. Daniel Stauffer. February 16. Haueber Painter. Jonathan Arnold," May 12. John MuClure, Tlt_ '1 J 1 1 • f^ Jacob Breckhill. John Willson. William Wave, ■Philadelphia County. Philip Glouinger, Sr. Henry Shell. James Dun, Abraham Hyde. GENERAL HISTORY. 41 John Meyer. Martin Meyer. Nicholas Gaat. Martin Smith. Abraham Sebolt. Daniel Berry. Andrew Carstnitz. Segmond Strawer. John Karmony. John Morrison. Jacob Kohler. Henry Reinel, Jr. Christian Shill. John Dittman. Bi chard Lavers. John Zimmerman. Christian Faller. Baltzar Everhart. Melchior Loudermilk. Frantz Eckhart. Frederick Bapp. "William Spiess. Rev. William Runckle. Valentine Fawber. John Fawber. Michael Shott. Daniel Youngblood. John Fohler. Christian Schwartz. John Crloninger. Daniel Henning. Lorentz Segrist. Daniel Kinnick. Daniel Straw. John Kapp. Peter Feisioger. Andrew Wallborn. Philip Kreber. George Fedderhauff. Christopher Herbster. Christian Koppenbaffer. George Matter. Adam Vegley. John Sharff. John Orth. Augustine Gaehe. Abraham Kauguel. George Finghell. Paul Zick. Michael Smith, Michael Wohlfart. Adam Helm. Robert Ewing. George Weaver. Matthias Henry. Christian Kofch. Baltzar Stamgast. Christian Feiss. Jacob Lehn. William Tengst. Jacob Blanck. Henry Klein. Henry Mock. May 14. Anthony Stiegel, George Plantz. John Shaffer. Michael Kapp. May 15. Frederick Henning. Michael Brown. May 16. Michael Zimerman. George Wampler, Peter Myer. May 17. Anthony Kelker. Daniel Ensminger. Christian Shally. May 19. John Herner. Peter Karchnitz. Herman Spiess. Martin Reiss. Jacob German. Jacob Saulter. May 20. Nicholas Henry. Jacob Steib. Frederick Yensell. Michael Reiter. May 21. Frederick Schryer. Daniel Conrad. May 22. Conrad Reinal. John Farney. May 23. Michael Feiss. May 25. George Schelffler. John Lein. Henry Peters, Thomas Williams. Michael Myer. John Shally. Mathias Roger. Henry Peters, Jr. Christian Smith. George Leah. John Renhert. George Renhert. George Gloninger. Michael Feiss, Jr. Michael Spingler. Jacob Pfeilk John Steeb. Nichol Sebolt. Matthias Brownhalt. Martin Weitzel. George Bauman. Jacob Wentz. Adam Lawyer. Jacob Goldman. Frederick Steiner. Nicholas Conrad. Jacob Leitner. Adam Spingler. Jacob Conrad. John Holinger. George Hautz. David Miller. Benjamin Spycher, Jr. Philip Matthias. George Springier. John Michael Conrad. Lucas Shally. Nicholas Hobling. Baltzar Shally. Philip Kermany. Daniel Miller. John Adam Weiss. Michael Hearman. Jacob Fortney. Jacob Snevely. Jacob Beible. John McClintock. Michael Miller. John Neff. John Phil. De Haas. John Shuher. Matthias Streethur. George Kopp. Andreas Fricker. Jacob Lehman. George Meyer. Conrad Felt. Jacob Lehman. George Fochley. Bastian Wagner, Conrad Wagner. John Ulrich Felty. John Jacob Yerrich. Peter Brechbill. Philip Byer. Adam Fisher. Nicholas Pope. John Gundrum. Conrad Mentzinger. William German. John German. John Dartis. George Felty. Peter Tasher. John Ditzeller. Henry Limbert. Philip Dinger. Frederick Helm. Peter Shauer. Christopher Shauer. Christian Meyer. Michael Becker. John Shaw. William Long. Conrad Steinman. Nicholas Boher. Baltzar Stone. Mathias Buher. Henry Humberger. Jacob Boltz. Adam Heylman. Adam Barth. Peter Felty. Charles Hemphell. John Etter. Phil. Seideu Strieker. George Krist. Daniel Ponsius. Richard Robinson. George Simon. Nicholas Bleisser. John Shally, Jr. Jacob Steiner. Jacob Gundeman, Thomas Read. Conrad Smith. May 26. Melchor Aptrayer. Bernard Embigh. Peter Berry, Jr. Michael Lentz. Nicholas Dinger. John Yegar. Peter Subell. May 27. Adam German. Philip Isini^hour. Henry Tittle. May 28. Martin Koch. Dwalt Windling. Fred. Zeller. Adam Windling. Jacob Zulinger. Christian Zimerman. Jacob GraEfe, Sr. John Dupes. Henry Dupes. John Stfcffoy. Jacob Beihsell. George EUinger, Sr. Casper Ellinger. George Kinmerling. William Cunningham. David Teiss. Daniel Heckadore. George Michael Graff. George Linn. Philip Ullrich. Martin Rham. Conrad Klein. John Graff . Henry Baker. May 29. James Narres. Daniel Brnner. Andreas Emmert. Peter Miller. George Bross. Michael Strichback. John Eisehower. Michael Boltz. George Wulf. John Wolf. Jacob Sichely. Charles Arnt. George Gallemeyer. John Kitzmiller. Frederick Buher. Albert Kleinfeller. John Risley. John Sayler. John Dutweiller. Anthony Karmony. Dewalt Nabinger. Michael Klever. Baltzar Ernst. Peter Kucher. 42 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. May 30. June 3. Jacob Neff. George Weaver. John Nunamacher. Peter Brunner. Christian Seltzer. Michael Steckbeck, Jr. John Dietz. Andreas Byer. Adam Weaver. Richard Fawcet. Henry Latcher. John Bauman, Michael Frantz. Charles Welker. Michael Koch. Jacob Bauman. Thomas Eiiisloy. John Haserwest. Adam Bckert. Anthony Hemperley. Casppr Dielil. John Duncan. George Shaffer, Philadelphia Oo. Nicholas Fehler. Abraham Biyston. Alexander Benson. Michael Killinger. Michael Wolf, Jr. Thomas Atkinson. June 4. Casper Shope. George McConnel. Peter Schneider. Christ. Schneider. George Evinger. George Hebhart. John Gettz. Adam Balmer. Jacob Feriisler. Peter Enders. David Wagguer. ISamuel Graham. Mathias Boger. John Umberger. Martin Brubeber. John Ileyl. Philip Meiss. June 8. Bern hart Haiier. George Kernman. Jonathan Rowland. Conrad Smith. Jacob Hauer. David Mitchel. Samuel Holley. John Smith. George Walborn. Daniel Sherietz, York County. Joseph Woodward. John Westhefer. James Kelly. Felix Young. William Lattemore. *Alexander WiUson. Mathias Vogt. John Sehner. Henry Belkucher. John Reschebach. Jacob Wolff. Carl Arudt, Jr. Robert Hays. John Kuhn. Jacob Gasser, Jr, Jwne^. Leonard Noltt. Jacob Heterich. John William Christian. William Shaw. Philip Meyer. Henry Darkis, Jr. Christopher Wolbert. Jacob Giisser. Daniel Miller (N. B.). Martin Wagner. John Palm, Jr. Peter Reitzman. Peter Ambrosius. Nicholas Smith. John Hammer. Edwin Halbon. William Sergent. George Day. John Hammer, Jr, Peter Witmer, Michael Wagner. Henry Hautz. James Queen. George Feeser. June 10. William Farmer. Jacob Brown. Frederick Lentz. Andreas Von wilier. Joliu Farmer. George Voght. George IlHnger, Jr. George Frank. ' Eobert Buck, Patrick Maguire. Michael Ginrich, Peter Spiker, Jur. Mattliias Federhaff. John Cliri. Seider. Revd Conrd Bucher. Henry Darkis, Sr. . Andreas Holler. Barhart Boor. Philip Fernsler. June'W. Peter Berry, Sr. Adam Stear. Ludwick Shalley. Conrad Orth. John Nicholaa Deck. Peter Durst. George Hewert, Conrad Reisch. Samuel Ryer. John Zehriog. Adam Grambick. Jacob Peiffer. John Bender. George Shneguntz. Joseph Quarrels. John Straushuyder. Henry Ambrosiua. June 12. George Knob. Valentine Kornman. John George Miller. William Graham. George Hoffman. Christopher Uhler. Ludwick Shott. Michael Rein. John Kornman. John Schively. George Seidelmyer. Leonard Stump. John Newman. George Gilbert. Michael Miller, Jur. Thomas Fletcher. Henry Stump. John Kenther. George Rapp, Michel Uhrick. Jwne 13. Frederick Peiffer. Martin Frank. George Gipfert. Nicholas Palm. John Quickel. Daniel Hoover. Conrad Wisham. Ludwick Fell. Adam Hoover. June 14. Wendle Fortney. David Sherick. Thomas Meckelrath. John Bear. Rudolph Keller. Jwm 16. Henry Sheller. George Hock. Robert Johnson, John Willis. May 31. Matthias Reinhart. Frederick Williams. John Ebersol. Tobias Steever. Peter Schwob. Jacob Eichelberger. Michael Baer. June 18. June 20. George Stutter berger. Jacob Graff. John Christ Beck. Adam Philipey. Jwne 1. Nicholas Mosser. Philip Krom.. Jacob Abel. June 23. John Deil Klein. Christ. Easterlin. Daniel Mooney, John Bennet. Adam Krom. Christopher Kintzel. John Graff. Godfried Hayser. June 24. Solomon Schroat. Anthony Van Bruck. Jacob Stahlman. Philip Perry. John Fusinger. June 25. Nicbola-s Eagel. George Reinail. John Hays. Albright Seckely. John Clever. June 26. Berhart Peiffer. Henry Schantz, Michael Conrad. Christian Early. Fred. Fernsler. John George Cooper. George Deibrech. John Snoke. June 29. Matthias Meltz. Philip Boyer, John George Miller. Jacob Schyer. Jacob Keissel. Jacob Kintzley. June 30. June 2. Michael Boltz, Senr, Jacob Cachel. Valentine Boyer. John Schryer. Jacob Boltz. Michael Ihley. Nicholas Weinholtz. July 1. Herman Walter. Michael Zehrung. John Beiger. Conrad Mark, Jr. Jacob Schryer. John Mayer. GENERAL HISTORY. 43 Henry Gipfer. Matthiaa Wolff. George German. Sebastian Eeyer. Peter Shoiffer. Valentine Howarter. John Maushnnd. Isaac Brand. John Sever, Philip Saysurs. Isaac Cushwa. John Sims. Tost Sheffer. William Braiss. July 2. George Hoffman. Cornelius Green. July 4. July 7. Andreas Reigler. Stephen Reigler. July 16. Abraham Brand. Martin Yernuh. July 17. July IS. Henry Holtzaple. July 19. John Clark. July 22, July 24. John Shilsman. July 27. Christian Stehley. July 29. July 30. August 1. August 3. John Brechbill. July 12. Joshua Myer. Barney Melone. Benj"!. Bender. Herman Battorf. John Arnolt, Senr. Berhart Beinhart. Given under my hand and seal at Lebanon, the 12th day of August, 1778. John Thome, [seal] For the eastern part of the county, Heidelberg, we have the following, taken before Henry Sheaffer, Esq., one of the justices of the peace : NAMES OF PERSONS WHO TOOK THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA BEFORE HENRY SHEAF- FER, 1777-78. Jacob Mayer. Bartel Wiker. Johannes Gheisz. Moritz Dubell. Heinrich Eisenmenger. George Meisnor. Nlcholaus Reme. Carl Gemberling. John Martin Stertz. George Noll. Wendel Shank. Jacob Schwanger. Michael Kirk. Joseph Voltz. Paul Swanger. July 3. Caaper Shweyber, M.D. " Johann Happel. July 4. Reinhard E. Dinger. July 5. July 7. * Peter Stohlt. Johannes Stoll. Michael Staps. George Diessenger. Johannes Losher. Johann Pohstenmann. July 8. Christopher Schaeffer. July 9. July 10. July 11. Francis Smicht. July 14. Henry Weaber. Peter Lebo. Abraham Yishor. July 16. Mather Farn. July 21. Wilhelm Hendel. July 24. John Thenisy. July 26. Baren Stubrach. George Gramlich. Abraham Baum. Volte Egolf. John Milleisen. David Zeller. Ulrich Leinenweber. Heinrich Zeller. Augmt 1. Christopher Stumb, Auguit 2. Henry Basler. Jacob Spitzmiller. Auguat 4. Alexander Shaffer. Andrew Strickler. George Keidenauer. Augmt 13. Peter Zeller. Michael Zoeller. August 15. Edward Dajigherty. Andrew Nery. John Huber. Jacob Hagy. Samnel Jones. ' Daniel Hollinger. George Stoben. Daniel Hollinger, Jr. George Gedger. Conrad Hass. John Jones. Johannes Bennesderster Christopher Weidman. David Schmid. Christian Hollinger. George Hildebrand. Nicholas Emminger. Philip Beck. Martin Hagy. John Cranmer. Adam OberUn. George Hamer. Auguat 18. Peter Schwanger. August 25. - Johannes Decker. August 30. Martin Holman. Septsmber 3. Ludwig Ensminger. September 4. Michael Trion. September 5. C. Armstrong. September 9. Jacob Schilling. William Moor. September 9. William Piersol. Thomas McGinness. September 18. Thomas Edwards. October 8. Johann Strebel Zollinger. October 13. George Elias Thiesz. October 15. John Meet. Christian Diel. October 20. Johannes Bnsch. October 24. Jacob Kuntz. October 25. Philip Brbst. October 28. George More. Philip Gerbener. 44 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. October 31. Adreas Scholl. Michael Brecht. Spinlitz Zwoven. Adam Scholl. Leonhardt BrUn. Ulrich Risser. George Holatein. George Wolf. Jacob Bicker. George Spram. George Ulrich. Kobert Elder. Leonhardt Strickler. Frederick Stump. George Ulrich, Jr. Peter Ziegener. Abraham Wust. John Henning. , Martin Prau. Michael Muller. John Cultowelt. Christian Seibert. October 19. October 20. Heniy Wunderlich. Jacob Laudermilch. Henry Sartor. Johannes Meyer. Johan George. John Borster. John Meier. George Trauthman. Philip Braun. David Bright. Abraham Stump. John Moor. Michael Nest. George Yolk. Christian Wolf. Johannes Sanders. Frederick Dravart. October 22. Frederick MUnch. Henry Good. Valentine Binges. George Reichmann. » Johannus Adam Schuman. Johannes Schonk. Johannes Lauser. Jacob Edger. Henry Koppenhoffer. June 22, 1778. David Becker. Henrick Henry. Johannes Roth. George Egle. William Old, Jr. Robert Coleman. Michael Mohr. John Weiss. George Weinman. Joseph Smucker. Mattes Erley. Robert Lowry. George Becker. Alex. Kisburger. Hannia Meister. George Meister. Joseph Mingen. Heinrich Schmitt. George Gehret. George Schreyber. Michael Winter. Nicolaus Miller. Hans Scliopp. Pittre Conradt. Hannaden Laudermilch. Michael Stump. Christopher Seiler. Peter Dring. Jacob Diller. Adam Bollman, Jabez Weiser. Jacob Hartman. Jacob Fotter. Johan George Triou. Andreas Kapp. Ludwig Schneyder. Jacob Wentz. Balzer Laber. Tost Hasaman. Michael Trautman. Jacob Wagner. Jacob Geniberling, Jacob Roth. Martin Albright. George Albright. Christian Bi'yer. Heinrich Stram. Jacob West. Casper Iba. Martin Hostleflnger. Amsteiler. Frederick Rapp. John Bayer. Heinrich Meister. George Strickler. George Neff. Johannes Bollman. Michael Ley. Phillip Wolfersberger. Ulrich Beckli. John Read. Leonard Immel. Jacob Springle. Andrew Apfel. George Read. Jacob Rieth. Nicholas Rieth. John Harry Kurtz. Henry Mayer. John Schmntzer. Henrick Ache. Conrad Spielman. Henry Birkey. Casper Fieman. Math i as Albright. Ludwig Long. John List. Abraham Schwanger. Peter Grubb. Johannes Riegel. Adam Riegel. Philip Adam Riegel. Johan Phillipus Trautum. George Hoffman. 'Adam Hoffman. Johan Feder. S. Gingler, Wilhelm Siehert. Matthew Griin. Adam Frieth. Heinrich Brill. Christian Lehman. Hannes Laudermilch. Frantz Seibert. Jacob Shack. Martin Meily. George Schar. Henry Shram. Michael Mall. Valentine Viehman. Ludwig Widomiens. Heinrich Brunner. Heinrich Herchelroth. Kraft Kolb. Adam Fried. Jacob Lauster. George Baltz. George Arpf. Philip Himmelberger. Christian Schell. Hannes Sohn. Martin Walborn. Jacob Baltzer. Frederick Noecker. Henry Satzgeber. Martin Battorst. Johann Kuester. Leouhard Bickler. John Brich. Christopher Gold. Martin Vennier. Jacob Ramho. Michael Rambo. Henry Mayer. George Himmelberger. Adam Boraff. Simon Miller. Johannus HUndlem, Michael Wenrick, Hannes Scbmit. Gerhardt Weis. Jacob Lebo. Michael Kuntz. George Widman. Christian Schenkel. Jacob Noss. Jacob Sanders. Jacob Six. Nicholas Shack. Abraham Nehst. Philip Schenkel. John Kroll, Valentine Myer. Johannes Dunkelberger. George Hildebrandt. George Hertzler. Frederick Dobler. Henry Peffer, Sr. Heinrich Meily. Christopher Mayer. Christian Phillips. Peter Wolfersberger. Michael Meesy. Frederick Wolfersberger, Jacob Himelberger. Peter Griin. Christian Laanitz. Johannus Schifler. David Livenston. Heinrich Lester. Christian Frantz. Michael Mest, Michael Capp. Jacob Becker. Peter Capp. Viet Metzger. Thomas Levis. Martin Keller. Christian Rister. Jacob Bright. John Smith, George Meier. Anthony Wilson. Thomaa Clark. Gotfried Eichelbaun, Johannes Knob. George Weinman. Michael Leidich. Michael Schof. Johannes Becker. Samuel Milward. Emanuel Siisz. Nicolaus Schroff. Marks Nagel. Franz Ulrich. Christian Wick. Christian Fox. Fred. Mahler. Jacob Shiner. Simon Newman. John Rubb. Peter Newman. Jacob Betz. George Folk. John Wolff. Carl Schenkerel. Adam Shee. Johannes Bemensdbrfer. Martin Ransch. David Dischney. Nicholas Ensminger. ' Hannes Nickelsmidt. Martin Getz. Fred. Steven. Peter Rieth. Andrew Shwaly. Jacob Hahn. Andrew Cams. Peter Barnhard. Hannes Frantz. ' Peter Ludgnen. George Kaache. Henry Wille, Hannes Philip. George Nagel. Johannes Huber. Jacob Dingea. Peter McAUen. Wilhelm Bicker. Johann Gotfried Jilng. Benjamin MilUer. George Seiber. Michael Spengler. For the western end of the county the reader is re- ferred to the history of Dauphin, to those taken be- fore Timothy Green, Esq., one of the justices of the peace for Lancaster County. He resided then in Hanover township, not far from the Dauphin and Lebanon line. Several of the companies of his bat- talion of associators were raised within the limits of now Lebanon County. GENERAL HISTORY. 45 CHAPTER IX. The War for Independence (Continued)— Escape of British OfHcers from Lebanon— Capt. Andrew Lee's Exploits- Capt. John Gloninger's Mi- litia Battalion. The frequent escape of the prisoners of war con- fined at Lancaster, Lebanon, and Reading, of which during the winter of 1777-78 there was a large num- ber confined, principally those taken at Burgoyne's surrender, as also those at Trenton and Princeton, ow- ing to the difficulties encountered in the negotiations for a proper exchange. As a result, the American authorities found much difficulty in guarding them, and many of the associators were employed in this work. The places named were selected from the fact that the country was not only thickly settled, but the inhabitants most decidedly hostile to the English. At first the prisoners at Lebanon were confined in old Hebron Church, but the increase being so great temporary barracks were erected adjoining thereto, inclosed with a stockade and vigilantly guarded by Col. Greenawalt's and Col. Klotz's battalions by turns. In spite of all precaution the prisoners often disap- peared in an unaccountable manner, and nothing was heard of them until they had resumed their places in the British army. Many and various were the con- jectures as to the means of their escape; the officers inquired and investigated in vain ; the country was 'explored to no purpose; the soldiers shook their heads and told of fortune-tellers, peddlers, and such charac- ters, who had been seen at intervals ; and sundry of the more credulous could think of nothing but super- natural agency ; but whether man or spirit was the conspirator, the mystery remained unbroken. When this became known to Washington, he sent Col. Hazen, commanding "The Congress Regiment," chiefly Pennsylvanians, to take this responsible charge. This energetic officer, after exhausting all resources, resorted to stratagem. He was convinced that, as the nearest post was more than a hundred miles distant, the prisoners must be aided by Ameri- cans, but where the suspicion should fall he could not even conjecture, the reproach of Toryism being almost unknown in that region. Having been trained to meet exigencies of this kind in a distinguished career as colonel in the British army, his plan was formed at once, and communicated to an officer of his own, upon whose talent he relied for its successful ex- ecution. This was Capt. Andrew Lee, whose courage and ability fully justified the selection. Concerning Capt. Lee we have spoken elsewhere. Suffice it to say, that during this period he was at his home in Paxtang recruiting for the army. It was not known until recently that the incidents connected herewith referred to our Capt. Lee, but papers which have come into our researches give positive evidence of not only that fact, but fix the location at Lebanon instead of Lancaster as was supposed, since every matter of importance transpiring within the limits of Lancaster County during the trying period of the Rev- olution was referred to Lancaster, not distinguishing the borough from the district. The secret plan concerted between them was this : It was to be given out that Capt. Lee was absent on furlough or command. He, meantime, was to assume the dress of a British prisoner, and having provided himself with information and a story of his capture, was to be thrown into the barracks, where he might gain the confidence of the soldiers and join them in a plan of escape. How well Capt. Lee sustained his part may be inferred from the fact that when he had disappeared and placed himself among the prisoners his own officers and soldiers saw him every day with- out the least suspicion. The person to whom we are indebted for most of these particulars was the inten- dant of the prisoners, and familiar with Lee; but though compelled to see him often in the discharge of his duty, he never penetrated the disguise. Well it was for Capt. Lee that his disguise was so complete. Had his associates suspected his purpose to betray them, his history would have been embraced in the proverb, " dead men tell no tales." For many days he remained in this situation, making no discoveries whatever. He thought he perceived at times signs of intelligence between the prisoners and an old woman who was allowed to bring fruit for sale within the inclosure. She was known to be deaf and half-witted, and was therefore no object of suspicion. It was known that her son had been disgraced and punished in the American army, but she had never betrayed any malice on that account, and no one dreamed that she could have the power to do injury if she possessed the will. Lee watched her closely, but saw nothing to confirm his suspicions. Her dwelling was about a mile distant, in a wild re- treat, where she shared her miserable quarters with a dog and cat, the former of which mounted guard over the mansion, while the latter occasioned superstitious fears, which were equally effectual in keeping visitors away. One dark stormy night in the spring of 1778, Capt; Lee was lying awake at midnight, meditating on the enterprise he had undertaken, which though in the beginning it had recommended itself to his romantic disposition, had now lost all its charms. It was one of those tempests which in our climate so often hang upon the path of the departing year. His companions slept soundly, but the wind which shook the building to its foundation and threw heavy splashes of rain against the window, conspired with the state of his mind to keep him wakeful. All at once the door was gently opened, and a figure moved silently into the room. It was too dark to observe its motions nar- rowly, but he could see that it stooped towards one of the sleepers, who immediately rose; iiext it ap- proached and touched him on the shoulder. Capt. Lee immediately started up ; the figure then allowed a slight gleam from a dark lantern to pass over his 46 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. face, as it did so whispered, impatiently, " Not the man — but come !" It then occurred to Lee that it was the opportunity he desired. The unknown whis- pered to him to keep his place till another man was called ; but just at that moment something disturbed him, and making a signal to Capt. Lee to follow, he moved silently out of the room. They found the door of the house unbarred, and a small part of the fence removed, where they passed out without molestation. The sentry had retired to a shelter, where he thought he could guard his post, without suffering from the rain ; but Lee saw his con- ductors put themselves in preparation to silence him if he should happen to address them. Just without the fence appeared a stooping figure wrapped in a red cloak, and supporting itself with a large stick, which Lee at once perceived could be no other than the old fruit woman. But the most profound silence was observed. A man came out from a thicket at a little distance and joined them, and the whole party moved onward by the guidance of the old woman. At first they frequently stopped to listen, but having heard the sentinel cry " all's well," they seemed re- assured, and moved with more confidence than be- fore. They soon came near to a log cabin under an over- hanging bank about midway between Cornwall and Shaefferstown, half hidden by trees, where a bright light was shining out from a little window upon the wet and drooping boughs that hung near it. The dog received them graciously, and they entered. A table was spread with some coarse provisions upon it and a large jug, which one of the soldiers was about to seize, when the man who conducted them withheld him. " No," said he, " we must first proceed to busi- ness." He then went to a small closet, from which he returned with what seemed to have been originally a Bible, though now it was worn to a mahogany color and a spherical form. While they were doing this, Lee had time to examine his companions; one of them was a large quiet-looking soldier, the other a short stout man with much of the aspect of a villain. They examined him in turn, and as the captain had been obliged formerly to punish the shorter soldier severely, he felt some mi.sgivings when the fellow's eyes rested upon him. The conductor was a middle- aged, harsh-looking man, whom Capt. Lee had never seen before. As no time was to be lost, their guide explained to them, in few words, that before he should undertake his dangerous enterprise he should require of them to swear upon the Scriptures not to make the least attempt to escape, and never to reveal the circum- stances or agents in the proceeding, whatever might befall them. The soldiers, however, insisted on de- ferring this measure till they had formed some slight acquaintance with the contents of the jug, and ex- pressed their sentiments on the subject rather by ac- tions than words. In this they were joined by Capt. Lee, who by this time had begun to contemplate the danger of his enterprise in a new and unpleasant point of view. If he were to be compelled to accom- pany his party to New York, his disguise would at once be detected, and it was certain he would be hanged as a spy. He had supposed beforehand that he should find no difficulty in escaping at any moment, but he saw that their conductor had prepared arms for them, which they were to use in taking the life of any one who should attempt to leave them — and then the oath. He might possibly have released himself from its obligations, when it became necessary, for the interests of his country, but no honorable man could well bear to be driven to an emergency in which he must violate an oath, however reluctantly it was taken. He felt that there was no retreating, when there came a heavy shock as of something falling against the sides of the house ; their practiced ears at once detected the sound of the alarm gun, and their conductor, throwing down the old Bible which he had held all the while impatiently in his hand, directed the party to follow him in close order, and imme- diately quitted the house, taking with him his dark lantern. They went on with great dispatch, but not without difficulty. Sometimes their footing would give way on some sandy bank or slippery field ; and when their path led through the woods, the wet boughs dashed heavily in their faces. Capt. Lee felt that he might have deserted his precious companions while they were in this hurry and alarm ; but he felt that as yet he had made no discoveries, and however dangerous his situation was he could not hear to confess that he had not nerve to carry him through. On he went, therefore, for two or three hours, and was beginning to sink with fatigue when the barking of a dog brought the party to a stand. Their conductor gave a low whistle, which was answered at no great dis- tance, and a figure came forward in the darkness, who whispered to their guide and then led the way up to a building which seemed by the shadowy outline to be a large stone barn. They entered it and were sev- erally placed in small nooks where they could feel that the hay was all around them except on the side of the wall. Shortly after some provisions were brought to them with the same silence, and it was signified to them that they were to remain concealed the whole of the coming day. Through a crevice in the wall Lee could discover, as the day came on, that the barn was attached to a small farm-house. He was so near the house that he could hear the (jonver- sation which was carried on about the door. The morning rose clear, and it was evident from the in- quiries of horsemen, who occasionally galloped up to the door, that the country was alarmed. The farmer gave short and surly replies, as if unwilling to be taken ofi"from his work, but the other inmates of the house were eager in their questions, and from the answers Capt. Lee gathered that the means by which GENERAL HISTORY. 47 he and his companions had escaped were as mysterious as ever. The next night, when all was quiet, they resumed their march, and explained to Capt. Lee that as he was not with them in their conspiracy, and was acci- dentally associated with them in their escape, they should take the precaution to keep him hefore them, just behind the guide. He submittted without oppo- sition, though the arrangement considerably lessened his chances of escape. He observed, from the direc- tion of the stars, that they did not move in a direct line towards the De^,aware, but they changed their courses so often that he could not conjecture at what point they intended to strike the river. He endeav- ored, whenever any peculiar object appeared, to fix it in his memory as well as the darkness would per- mit, and succeeded better than could have been ex- pected, considering the agitated state in which he traveled. For several nights they went on in this manner, being delivered over to different persons from time to time, and, as Capt. Lee could gather from their whis- pered conversations, they were regularly employed on occasions like the present, and well rewarded by the British for their services. Their employment was full of danger, and though they seemed like desperate men, he could observe that they never remitted their precautions. They were concealed days in barns, cellars, caves made for the purpose, and similar re- treats, and one day was passed in a tomb, the dimen- sions of which had been enlarged, and the inmates, if there had been any, banished to make room for the living. The burying-grounds were a favorite retreat, and on more occasions than one they were obliged to resort to superstitious alarms to remove intruders upon their path ; their success fully justified the ex- periment, and unpleasantly situated as he was, in the prospect of soon being a ghost himself, he could not avoid laughing at the expedition with which old and young fled from the fancied apparitions under clouds of night, wishing to meet such enemies, like Ajax, in the face of day. Though the distance to the Delaware was not great they had now been twelve days on the road, and such was the vigilance and suspicion prevailing through- out the country that they almost despaired of effect- ing their object. The conductor grew impatient, and Lee's companions, at least one of them, became fero- cious. There was, as we have said, something un- pleasant to him in the glances of this fellow towards him, which became more and more fierce as they went on, but it did not appear whether it was owing to circumstance or actual suspicion. It so happened that on the twelfth night Capt. Lee was placed in a barn, while the rest of the party sheltered themselves in a cellar of a little stone church, where they could talk and act with more freedom, both because the solitude of the church was not often disturbed even on the Sabbath, and because even the proprietors did not know that illegal hands had added a cellar to the conveniences of the building. < The party was seated here as the day broke, and the light, which struggled in through the crevices opened for the purpose, showed a low room about twelve feet square, with a damp floor and large patches of white mould upon the walls. Finding, probably, that the pavement afforded no accommoda- tions for sleeping, the worthies were seated each upon a little cask, which seemed like those used for gun- powder. Here they were smoking pipes with great diligence, and, at intervals not distant, applying a huge canteen to their mouths, from which they drank with upturned faces, expressive of solemn satisfac- tion. While they were thus engaged, the short soldier asked them in a careless way if they knew whom they had in their party. The others started, and took their pipes from their mouths, to ask him what he meant. " I mean," said he, " that we are honored with the company of Capt. Andrew Lee, of the rebel army. The rascal once punished me, and I never mistook my man when I had a debt of that kind to pay. Now I shall have my revenge." The others hastened to express their disgust at his ferocity, saying, that if, as he said, their companion was an American officer, all they had to do was to watch him closely. They said that, as he had come among them uninvited, he must go with them to New York, and take the consequences; but meantime it was their interest not to seem to suspect him, other- wise he might give an alarm ; whereas it was evidently his intention to go with them till they were ready to embark for New York. The other person persisted in saying that he would have his revenge with his own hand ; upon which the conductor, drawing a pistol, declared to him that if he saw the least attempt to injure Capt. Lee, or any conduct which would lead him to suspect that his disguise was discovered, he would that moment shoot him through the head. The soldier put his hand upon his knife, with an ominous scowl upon his conductor, but seeing that he had to do with one who was likely to be as good as his word, he restrained himself, and began to arrange some rubbish to serve him for a bed. The other sol- dier followed his example, and their guide withdrew, locking the door after him. The next night they went on as usual, but the man- ner of their conductor showed that there was more danger than before ; in fact, he explained to the party that they were now not far from the Delaware, and hoped to reach it before midnight. They occasion- ally heard the report of a musket, which seemed to indicate that some movement was going on in the country. Thus warned, they quickened their steps, and it was not long before they saw the gleam of broad clear light before them, such as is reflected upon the calm waters, even in the darkest night. They moved up to it in deep silence; there were various emotions in their breasts ; Capt. Lee was hoping for 48 HISTORY OP LEBANON COUNTY. an opportunity to escape from an enterprise whicli was grawing too serious, and the principal objects of which were already answered ; the others were anxi- ous lest some accident might have happened to the boat on which they depended for crossing the stream. When they came to the bank there were no traces of a boat on the waters. Their conductor stood still for a moment in dismay ; but recollecting himself, he said it was possible it might have been secured lower down the stream, and forgetting everything else, he directed the larger soldier to accompany him, and giving a pistol to the other, he whispered, "If the rebel officer attempts to betray us, shoot him ; if not you will not, for your own sake, make any noise to show where we are." In the same instant they de- parted, and Capt. Lee was left alone with the ruffian. He had before suspected 'that the fellow knew him, and now doubts were changed to certainty at once. Dark as it was, it seemed as if fire flashed from his eye, now he felt that revenge was within his power. Capt. Lee was as brave as any other officer in the army, but he was unarmed, and though he was strong, his adversary was .still more powerful. While he stood, uncertain what to do, the fellow seemed enjoy- ing the prospect of revenge, as he looked on him with a steady eye. Though the officer stood to appearance unmoved, the sweat rolled in heavy drops from his brow. He soon took his resolution, and sprang upon his adversary with the intention of wresting the pistol from his hand ; but the other was upon his guard, and aimed with such precision that had the pistol been charged with a bullet that moment would have been his last. But it seemed that the conductor had trusted to the sight of his weapons to render them unnecessary, and had, therefore, only loaded them with powder ; as it was, the shock threw Capt. Lee upon the ground; but, fortunately, as the fellow dropped the pistol, it fell where the captain could reach it, and as his adversary stooped and drew his knife from his bosom, Capt. Lee was able to give him a stunning blow. He immediately threw himself upon the assassin, and a long and bloody struggle began ; they were so nearly matched in strength and advantage that neither dared unclench his hold for the sake of grasping the knife. The blood gushed from their mouths, and the combat would have prob- ably ended in favor of the assassin, when steps and voices were heard advancing, and they found them- selves in the hands of a party of countrymen, who were armed for the occasion, and were scouring the banks of the river. They were forcibly torn apart, but so exhausted and breathless that neither could make any explanation, and they submitted quietly to their captors. The party of armed countrymen, though they had succeeded in their attempt, and were sufficiently tri- umphant on the occasion, were sorely perplexed how to dispose of their prisoners. After some discussion, one of them proposed to throw the decision upon the wisdom of the nearest magistrate. They accordingly proceeded with their prisoners to his mansion, about two miles distant, and called upon him to ari.se. and attend to business. A window was hastily thrown up, and the justice put forth his night-capped head, and with more wrath than became his dignity, ordered them off; and in requital for their calling him out of bed in the cold, generously wished them in the warm- est place. However, resistance was vain ; he was com- pelled to rise, and as soon as the prisoners were brought before him he ordered them to be taken in irons to the prison at Philadelphia. Lee improved the op- portunity to take the old gentleman aside, and told him who he was, and why he, was thus disguised. The justice only interrupted him with the occasional in- quiry, — "Most done?"' When he had finished, the magistrate told him that his story was very well made, and told in a manner very creditable to his address, and that he should gi-ve it all the weight it seemed to require. And Capt. Lee's remonstrances were una- vailing. As soon as they were fairly lodged in prison, Capt. Lee prevailed on the jailer to carry a note to Gen. Lincoln, informing him of his condition. The gen- eral received it as he was dressing in the morning, and immediately sent one of his aids to the jail. That officer could not believe his eyes that he saw Capt. Andrew Lee. His uniform, worn out when he as- sumed it, was now hanging in rags about him, and he had not been shaved for a fortnight. He wished, very naturally, to improve his appearance before pre- senting himself to the Secretary of War, but the orders were peremptory to briiig him as he was. The general loved a joke full well. His laughter was hardly exceeded by the report of his own cannon, and long and loud did he laugh that day. When Capt. Lee returned to Lebanon he immedi- ately attempted to retrace the ground, and so accu- rate, under the unfavorable circumstances, that he brought to justice fifteen persons who had aided in the escape of the British prisoners. There was among the papers of Judge Jasper Yeates interesting notes of the trial of these offenders, some of whom were im- prisoned until the close of the war. As the descendants of these people are among us to-day, prominent in civil and political life, we shall not present the mem- oranda relating thereto. The incidents are in the main correct, and, as a part of the history of the ex- citing period of the Eevolution, are worthy of pres- ervation in the form which we give it. On the 14th of May, 1778, there was found on the woodland of Michael Baughman in Lebanon town- ship, by Daniel Youngblood, "a large brass kettle almost full of Bacon strawed over with ashes;" also " three Barrels of Whiskey buried in the Ground in three different places, and also a Bucket full of Hog's Lard with one of said Barls;" and in addition, " five Hogsheads of Wheat buried in his [Baughman's] GENERAL HISTORY. 49 clear Field." This caused considerable commotion in the loyal neighborhood. " Capt. Michael Holder- baum with Lieut. Henry Kelker seized the articles and carried them into Annville, a small village about five miles from Lebanon town," but as they could not be kept there without a guard, the goods were hauled into Lebanon. Information was at once made before 'Squire John Thome and the General Committee of the county notified. It never transpired what the object was in secreting these goods, but as parties in the neighborhood, who seem to have been Mennonites, " had secreted and buried rifles and guns on the same land in 1776, when the militia were called into and then served in the Jerseys," some dozen or more non-associators were arrested and committed to Lancaster jail, but subse- quently released upon giving security for their future good behavior and taking the oath of allegiance. Following this many of the non-associators at first refused to pay their assessments, but threatened with arrest and the institution of legal proceedings by the committee of the district admonished them that the Whigs were really in earnest, and no further difiiculty ensued. In fact, when Col. Philip Marstellar was directed by the Supreme Executive Council to secure flour and provisions for the French fleet, he had no trouble whatever, and the greatest loyalty was mani- fested by those who heretofore had strenuously op- posed the struggle for independence. The war continued, and the demand for volunteers was promptly met by the inhabitants of Lebanon. While the major portion of the male population be- tween the ages of sixteen and fifty-three were in the Continental service, others, mere children and old men, armed with their trusty rifles, were ranging along the northern frontier, guarding it from the marauding Indians and their white allies, who now and then came swooping down from their home in New York to devastate the half-protected settlements of Penn- sylvania. It is to be regretted that the rolls of those officers and men who were in the Continental service during the Revolution are not in existence. They would be of exceeding value, and would show better than our words can express, the great patriotism of our people, and how cheerfully they entered into the struggle for Independence. We can only refer to Col. John Philip De Haas, of the First Pennsylvania Battalion, Lieut.- Col. Joseph W^od of the Second Battalion (Col. Ar- thur St. Clair's), subsequently colonel of the Third Regiment of the Line, and Col. Nicholas Haussegger of the German regiment, with whose commands there were a large number of the heroic men of Lebanon County. The inhabitants did not only volunteer promptly, but gave of their substance, and the Earlys, Henrys, Kreiders, Millers, Meilys, Immels, Orths, Sheafi'ers, and others, not only contributed to the patriot army, but hauled to Valley Forge, during that terrible winter of 1777-78, flour and'meat, with such ar- ticles of clothing as would be of service to half-clad sol- diers. At several tanneries in the neighborhood leather was prepared, and all who could make shoes assisted in the work of supplying those who were barefooted in the American camp. This was all done cheerfully, freely, and very often gratuitously. The men, women, and children of Heidelberg, Lebanon, and Bethel were imbued with patriotic devotion, and did noble work for their distressed defenders. Too much praise cannot be awarded them, and we wish we had the names of those brave women of Lebanon who spun the wool and wove coverlets for the army, and to whom in a letter in our possession written Col. Mar- stellar, says, "God bless the good women of Mill- bach I" The brave women of the Revolution who cultivated the soil while their husbands and fathers were battling for their rights, their liberties, deserve loving remembrance on the page of history. They were indeed "Sisters of Mercy" during the darkest hours of our nation's beginning, and no Florence Nightingale has ever excelled them in deeds of charity and good-will. From 1780 to the 15th of April, 1783, and perchance until the promulgation of the treaty of peace, the militia raised in the townships of Heidelberg and Lebanon, and also a portion of Bethel, comprised the Second Battalion of Lancaster County. They were commanded by Lieut.-Col. John Gloninger, con- cerning whom our readers are referred to the biograph- ical history of the county. We have only the rolls of officers, which are as follows : Return of Militia Officers of the Second Battalion, Lan- caster County, as they stood April 15, 1783 : > Lieutenant- Colonel. John Gloninger. Major. Baltzer Orth. Surgeon. Daniel Oldenbruck. Adjutant. Quartermaster. Philip Huber. John Snevely. First Company. Captain — David Krause. Lieutenant — Philip Greenawalt, Jr. Ensign — Jacob Embich. Second Company. Captain — Michael Holderbaum. Lieutenant — Alexander Martin. Ensign— John Stroh, Jr. Third Company. Captain — Jacob Meily. Lieutenant — George Risser. Ensign — Henry Snevely. 50 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY". Fourth Company, Captain — Matthias Henning. Lieutenant — Abraham Stone. Ensign — Martin Meily. Fifth Company. Captain — Leonard Immel. Lieutenant — Christopher Leis. Ensign — Christian Ley. Sixth Company. Captain — George Bowman. Lieutenant — Alexander Montgomery. Ensign — Martin Weitzel. Seventh Company. Captain — John Orth. Lieutenant — Peter Ensminger. Ensign — Daniel Stauffer. Eighth Company. Captain — Henry Shaeflfer. Lieutenant — George Noll. Ensign — George Dissinger. In the First Battalion, commanded by Lieut.-Col. John Rogers, of Hanover, for which see Dauphin County, there was probably one if not two companies belonging to Lebanon County. The same was the case with Lieut.-Col. Jacob Cook's battalion, the Fourth, raised in Derry and Londonderry. CHAPTER X. The War for Independence (Continued) — The Aholition of Slavery in Pennsylvania — The Act providing Therefor — Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves — Continental Paper Money. The year 1780 is made memorable in the annals of Pennsylvania for the passage of the act for the grad- ual abolition of slavery in Pennsylvania. On the 5th of February, 1779, the Supreme Executive Council, in their message to the Assembly, called the atten- tion of that body to this subject. " We think," say they, " we are loudly called on to evince our grati- tude in making our fellow-men joint-heirs with us of the same inestimable blessings, under such restric- tions and regulations as will not injure the commu- nity and will imperceptibly enable them to relish and improve the station to which they will be advanced. Honored will that State be in the annals of mankind which shall first abolish this violation of the rights of mankind ; and the memories of those will be held in grateful and everlasting remembrance who shall pass the law to restore and establish the rights of human nature in Pennsylvania. We feel ourselves so interested on this point as to go beyond what may be deemed by some the proper line of our duty, and acquaint you that we have reduced this plan to the form of a law, which, if acceptable, we shall in a few days communicate to you." Although the subject was thus forcibly presented, tKe matter was dismissed by the Assembly, "as the Constitution would not allow them to receive the law from the Council." Nothing more was done until in the November As- sembly, when George Bryan, formerly Vice-President of the State, having been elected a member of the Legislature, urged the passage of a bill which had been prepared several years prior by William Brown, a member of the Legislature from Lancaster County. The main features of the act were those of Mr. Brown, as recently-discovered memoranda in his handwriting go to show. On the 1st of March, 1780, by a vote of thirty-four yeas to twenty-one nays, the act passed the Assembly. We give the act entire, its title being " An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery." ' " I. When we contemplate our abhorrence of that condition to which the arms and tyranny of Great Britain were exerted to reduce us, when we look back on the variety of dangers to which we have been exposed, and how miraculously our wants in many instances have been supplied, and our deliverances wrought, wlien even hope and human fortitude have become unequal to the conflict, we are unavoidably led to a seri- ous and grateful sense of the manifold blessings, which we have unde- servedly received from the hand of that Being from whom every good and perfect gift Cometh. Impressed with these ideas, we conceive that it is our duty, and we rejoice that it is in our power to extend a portion of that freedom to othei-s which hath been extended to us, and release from that state of thraldom to which we ourselves were tyrannically doomed, and from which we now have every prospect of being delivered. It is not for us to inquire why in the creation of mankind tlie inhabi- tants of several parts of the earth were distinguished by a difference iu feature or complexion. It is sufficient to know that all are the work of an Almighty Hand. We find in the distribution of the human species that the most fertile as well as the most barren parts of the earth are inhabited by Men of complexions different from ours and from each other ; from whence we may reasonably as well as religiously infer that He who placed them in their various situations, hath extended equally His care and protection to all, and that it becometh not us to counteract His mercies. We esteem it a peculiar blessing granted to us, that we are enabled thisday to addonemorestepfounivei-sal civilization, byremoving as much as possible the sorrows of those who have lived in undeserved bondage, and from which by the assumed authority of the Kings of Great Britain no effectual legal relief could be obtained. Weaned, by a long course of experience, from those narrow prejudices and partialities wehave imbibed, we find our hearts enlarged with kindness and benevo- lence toward men of all conditions and nations, and we perceive our- selves at this particular period extraordinarily calFed upon by the bless- ings which we have received, to manifest the sincerity of our profession to give substantial proof of our gratitude. "II. And, whereas, the condition of those persons who have heretofore been denominated Negro and Mulatto slaves, has been attended with circumstances which not only deprived them of the common blessings that they were by nature entitled to, but has cast them into the deepest afflic- tions by an unnatural separation and sale of husband and wife from each other and from their children, an injury the greatness of which can only be conceived by supposing that we were in the same unhappy case. In justice, therefore, to persons so unhappily circumstanced, and who, having no prospect before them whereon they may rest tlieir sonows and hopes, have no reasonable inducement to render their services to society, which they otherwise might, and also in grateful commemora- tion of our own happy deliverance from that state of unconditional sub- mission to which we were doomed by the tyranny of Britain. " III. Be it enacted, and it is hereby enacted. That all persons as well Negroes and Mulattoes, as otbera, who shall be born within this State from and after the passing of this Act shall not be deemed and consid- ered as servants for life, or slaves; and that all servitude for life, or slavery of children in consequence of tlio slavery of their mothers, in'the case of all children born within this State from and after the passing of this Act, as aforesaid, shall be, and hereby is, utterly taken away, ex- tinguished, and forever abolished. 1 Recorded in Law Book, vol. i. p. 339. GENERAL HISTORY. 51 " IV. Provided alwayn^ and he it further enacted. That every Negro and Mulatto child, born within this State after the paBsing of this act as afore- aald (who would, in case this act had not been made, have been born a eervaut for years, or life, or a slave) shall be deemed to be, and shall be, by virtue of this act, the servant of such person, or his or her assigns, ■who would in such case have been entitled to the service of such child, until such child shall attain unto the age of twenty-eight years, in the manner, and on the Conditions, whereon servants bovmd, by indenture for four years are or may be retained and holden ; and shall be liable to like correction and punishment, and entitled to like relief, in case he or she be evilly treated by his or her master or mistress, and to like free- dom dues and other privileges, as servants bound by indenture for four years are or may be entitled, unless the person, to whom the service of any sucli child shall belong, shall abandon bis or her claim to the same; in which case the Overseers of the Poor of the city, township or district, respectively, where such child shall be abandoned, shall, by indenture, bind out every child so abandoned, as an apprentice, for a time not ex- ceeding the age herein before limited for the service of such children. " Y. And he it further enacted, That every person, who is or shall be the owner of any Negro or Mulatto slave or servant for life, or till the age of thirty-one years, now within this State, or his lawful attorney, shall, on or before the said first day of November next, deliver, or cause to he delivered, in writing, to the Clerk of the peace of the county, or to Clerk of the court of record of the city of Philadelphia, in which he or she shall respectively inhabit, the name and surname, and occupation or pro- fession of such owner, and the name of the county and township, dis- trict or ward, wherein he or she resideth ; and also the nameand names of such slave and slaves, and servant and servants for life, or till the age of thirty-one years, together with their ages and sexes, severally and re- spectively set forth and annexed, by such person owned or statedly em- ployed, and then being within this State, in order to ascertain and dis- tinguish the slaves and servants for life, and till the age of tliirty-one yea.T8, within this State, who shall be such on the said first day of Novem- ber next, from all other persons ; which particulars shall, by said Clerk of the sessions and Clerk of the said city court, be entered in books to be provided for that purpose by the said Clerks ; and that no Negro or Mu- latto, now within this State, shall, from and after the said first day of November, be deemed a slave or servant for life, or till the age of thirty- one years, unless his or her name shall be entered as aforesaid on such record except such Negro and Mulatto slaves and servants as herein excepted ; the said Clerk to be entitled to a fee of two dollars fur each slave or servant so entered as aforesaid, from the Treasurer of the county to be allowed to him in his accounts. " "VI. Provided always, That any person, in whom the ownership or right to the service of any Negrb or Mulatto shall be vested at the passing of this act, other than such as are hereinbefore accepted, his or her heirs, executors, administratoi-s, and assigns, and all and every of them, sev- erally, shall be liable to the Overseers of the city, township, or district, to which any such Negro or Mulatto shall become chargeable, for such necessary expense, with costs of suit thereon, as such Overseers may be put to through the neglect of the owner, master, or mistress \)f such Negro or Mulatto, notwithstanding the name and other descriptions of such Negro or Mulatto shall not be entered as aforesaid, unless his or her master or owner shall, before such slave or servant attain his or her twenty-eighth year, execute and record in (he proper county, a deed or instrument, securing to such slave or servant his or her freedom. " VII. And be it further enacted. That the offences and crimes of Negroes and Mulattoes, as well slaves and servants as freemen, shall be enquired of, adjudged, corrected, and punished, in like manner as the offences and crimes of the other inhabitants of this State are, and shall be enquired of, adjudged, corrected, and punished, and not otherwise, except that a slave shall not be admitted to bear witness against a freeman. " VIII. And be UfurOier enacted. That in all cases wherein sentence of death shin be pronounced against a slave, the jury before whom he or she shall be tried shall appraise and declare the value of such slave ; and in case such sentence be executed, the court shall make an order on the State Treasurer, payable to the owner for the same, and for the costs of prosecution, but in case of remission or mitigation, for costs only. " IX And he it farther enacted. That the reward for taking up run- away and absconding Negro and Mulatto slaves and servants, and the penalties for enticing away, dealing with or harboring, conceahng or employing Negro and Mulatto slaves and servants, shall be the same, and shall be recovered in like manner, as in case of servants bound for four years. "X ^nd&eif/wr/ftfir enacted, That no man or woman of any nation, or color, except the Negroes or Mulattoes who shall be registered as aforesaid, shall, at any time hereafter, be deemed, adjudged, and holden within the territories of this commonwealth as slaves and servants for life, but as free men and free women ; except the domestic slaves at- tending upon Delegates in Congress from other American States, foreign Ministers and Consuls, and persons passing through or sojourning in this State, aud not becoming resident therein, and seamen employed in ships not belonging to any inhabitant of this State, nor employed in any ship owned by any such inhabitant; provided such domestic slaves be not aliened or sold to any inhabitant, nor (except in the case of Members of Congress, foreign Ministers and Consuls) retained in this State longer than six months. "XI. Provided always, and be it further enacted. That this act, or any- thing in it contained, shall not give any relit'f or shelter to any abscond- ing or runaway Negro or Mulatto slave or servant, who has absented himself or shall absent himself, from his or her owner, master or mis- tress, residing in any other State or country, but such owner, master or mistress, shall have like right and aid to demand, claim, aud take away his slave or servant, as he might have had in case this act had not been made; and that all Negro and Mulatto slaves now owned and hereto fore resident in this State, who have absented themselves, or been clan- destinely carried away, or who may be employed abroad as seamen, and have not returned or been brought back to their owner, masters or mis- tresses, before the passing of this act, may, within five years, be regis- tered, as effectually as is ordered by this act concerning those who are now within the State, on producing such slave before any two Justices of the Peace, and satisfying the said Justices, by due proof, of the former residence, absconding, taking away, or absence of such slaves as afore- said, who thereupon shall direct and order the said slave to be entered on the record as aforesaid. "xn. And whereas attempts may be made to evade this act, by introducing into this State Negroes and Mulattoes bound by covenant to serve for long and unreasonable terms of years, if the same be not prevented, " XIII. Be it therefore enacted. That no covenant of personal servitude or apprenticeship whatsover shall be valid or binding on a Negro or Mulatto for a longer time than seven years, unless such servant or ap- prentice were, at the commencement of such servitude or apprentice- ship, under the age of twenty-one years, in which case such Negro or Mulatto may be holden as a servant or apprentice, respectively, accord- ing to the covenant, as the case shall be, until he or she shall attain the age of twenty-eight yeai-s, but no longer. " XIV. And he it further enacted, That an act of Assembly of the Prov- ince of Pennsylvania, passed in the year one thousand seven hundred and five, entitled An Act for the trial of Negroes; and another act of As- sembly of the said Province, passed in the year one thousand seven hun- dred and twenty-five, entituled An Act for the better regulating of Negroes in this Pi-ovince ; and another act of Assembly of the said Province, passed in the year one thousand seven hundred and sixty-one, entitutled An Act for layiny a duty on Iflegro and Mulatto slaves imported into this Prov- ince; and also another act of Assembly of the said Province, passed in the year one thousand seven hundred and seventy-three, entituled An Act for making perpetual an act for laying a duty on Negro and Mulatto slaves imported into this Province, and for laying an additional dnty on said slaves, shall be, and are hereby, repealed, annulled, and made void." We have given this act in full for various reasons. In the first place, it is not printed in full in any of the volumes of Pennsylvania laws; secoodly, it disproves what historians in all sections of the Union have re- peatedly stated, that the origin and passage of the law was due to the Quakers of Pennsylvania. The first section of this law was so framed that no peace- ful Quaker could conscientiously vote for it. The members of that persuasion at that era were few in numbers in the Assembly, they had lost their power, and could not have carried such an important meas- ure. When the Quakers had the majority in the Assembly they did not make an attempt even to abolish slavery. They did not even prevent the im- portation of slaves, merely laying a duty on them. Many of the Pennsylvania Quakers were, like their Puritan friends of New.England, engaged in the slave traffic, — that is, were interested in it pecuniarily, and 52 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. they did not do what they have been given the credit of doing. Of course, when the law of 1780 had passed, and a stop had been put to slavery, they became warm and ardent in the cause of abolition. They were no longer financially concerned, and hence for nearly a century have received the credit for doing what they did not, could not, and would not do. So much for this humane act of our forefathers. They found then that sla- very was inconsistent and utterly antago- nistic to the principles and permanency of free institutions, and it was abolished. As it provided for the registration of every negro or mulatto slave or servant for life, or till the age of thirty-one years before the first of November following, and also provided " that no man or woman of any nation or color, except the negroes or mu- lattoes who shall be registered as afore- said, shall at any time hereafter be deemed, adjudged, or holden within the territory of this commonwealth as slaves or ser- vants for life, but as free men and free women," a book was opened at the county- seat for such purpose. From that at Lancaster we have those belonging to persons within the present Lebanon County. It will be seen that nearly all were owned by Curtis Grubb, of Cornwall : tie vote. The effort, however, to prevent a suspen- sion of the tender laws could not be maintained very long. On the 24th of May a bill was proposed, which passed the 31st, effecting this plan for three months, FAC-SIMILE CONTINENTAL MONET. EE6ISTBE OF NEGKO AND MULATTO VANTS. SLAVES AND SEE- Sept. 27. John Bossr,EE, of Heidelberg township, merchant,— flocftei, aged 15 years ; Jane, aged 7 years. Sept. 29. Thomas Bossleb, of Heidelberg township, miller,— JoAn, aged 40 years. Oct. 1. BOBEBT Pattow, of Lebanon township, merchant,— Zilpai, aged 34 years ; Jamny, agpd 10 years ; Benn Logan, aged 6 years. Oct. 6. Chbtis Geubb, of Lebanon township, iron-master,— Bict, aged 50 years; Moses, aged 45 years; Colo, aged 30 years; Mingo, aged 27 years; Sampson, aged 27 years ; Pompe, aged 27 years ; Jaci, aged 24 years ; Boi, aged 24 years ; Bxeler, aged 23 years ; Hainj, Sr., aged 23 years; Joe, aged 23 years; Little Dick, aged 20 years; Jim, aged 18 years ; Ham/, aged 13 years ; Auslin, aged Syears ; Abe, aged 5 years; Oeiar (runaway), aged 36 years; Nell, aged 30 years; Beck, aged 27 years; Dina, aged 20 years; Phillis, aged 25 years; Dim, Jr., aged 11 years; Flora, aged 8 years; one mulatto, French half- blooded, aged 4 months. Oct. 12. Apam Okth, of Lebanon township, farmer,— Sa!a, aged 32 years. Oct. 12. Oheistophee Kcchek, of Lebanon township, mn\ev,—F}-eegri/t, aged 20 years. About this period the Continental paper money, of which a specimen is herewith given, took up the attention not only of the people but of the law- making power. On the 20th of March, 1780, the Continental Congress, yielding to the necessity, au- thorized the States to revise the laws making the Continental bills a legal tender, and to amend them as it was thought proper. The next day, in the Assembly, a motion to suspend the operation of the law, so far as it made the Continental currency equal to gold and silver in payment of debts, was lost by a and on the 22d of June the suspension was continued until the next session, and on December 22, indefi- nitely. On the 1st of June, for the purpose of bring- ing the war' to a close, the Assembly authorized the passage of an act to redeem the Continental bills to the amount of twenty-five millions of dollars, by the collection of taxes at the rate of one million dollars to forty millions. Every efibrt was made to keep the State money up to par. The measures adopted bring- ing but; temporary relief, the Assembly, on the 29th of May, passed resolutions, authorized the borrowing of a .sum of money not exceeding £200,000 sterling, pledg- ing the faith and honor of the State for its repayment after ten years. It was deemed necessary to send an agent to Europe, but neither in Holland or France, countries whose sympathies were the strongest for the struggling colonies, could this be effected, and he was, in July, 1781, recalled by the Supreme Executive Council of the State. Other measures were adopted to relieve pressing necessities. The army was not only without pay, but without clothing, and full short of provisions. To supply their destitute countrymen subscriptions were instituted by the ladies, while to relieve financial embarrassment, the " Bank of Penn- sylvania" was established. The Continental money, however, continued to sink in value, while efforts were made again and again to sustain it. At last the financial crisis came, and many who deemed them- selves in affluent circumstances by being in possession of large amounts of currency suddenly found they had only so much paper. In the agricultural sections the blow came with great eff'ect. The inhabitants had supplied the armies and fleets of France, and of the colonies with provisions, receiving this Continental GENERAL HISTORY. 53 currency. For years— yes for half a century there- after—there was not a farmer in Lebanon, Heidel- berg, or Bethel township who had not large amounts of this worthless money. As this evil beggared our ancestors, it is fondly hoped future generations may be spared such grave disaster. CHAPTER XL The War of 1812-14— Proclamation of Governor Snyder of Pennsylvania — Rolls of Companies of Captains Achey, Derr, Doebler, Fisher, Lesher, Kees, and Snyder. From the close of the Revolution and the ratifica- tion of the treaty of peace which guaranteed the in- dependence of the American colonies, the ill-temper of the British began to manifest itself. The United States held that a foreigner could be naturalized and thus become an American citizen, enjoying all its privileges. On the other hand the English govern- ment insisted upon the doctrine, " Once an English- man, always an Englishman." The British naval oflScers, therefore, claimed" the right of stopping American vessels on the high seas, searching for sea- men of English birth and pressing them into their navy. British ships were stationed before our har- bors, and every vessel coming or going was searched. Within a period of eight years nine hundred Ameri- can vessels were captured for alleged violations of English commercial regulations, and at one time there were more than six thousand names registered on the books of the State department of seamen who had been forced into the British navy. The feeling against the old enemy became intense, and it was finally greatly aggravated by the fact that British emissaries had been busy arousing the Indians along the then northwestern border, and an unsuccessful effort to excite hostility to the national administra- tion in the New England States in order to bring about a dissolution of the union. On the 29th of June, 1812, war was formally de- clared against England. Never was a country more poorly prepared for war than the United States at this period. The regular army and navy were weak and inefficient. The former numbered five thousand men, and the latter comprised eight frigates and twelve sloops. The officers of the Revolution were either dead or had become so old and feeble as to be of little service. Although most of the States were "for war," the New Englanders opposed it as impol- itic and unnecessary. Boston denounced this strug- gle and the flags of her shipping were hoisted at half- mast when the news came, of the declaration. The Middle and Southern and Western States were true to the Union, and the courage of its citizen soldiery with the valor of its little navy, under the blessings of Divine Providence saved the country. Pennsylvania never flinched ; as when in the days of seventy-six she stood in the forefront of the strug- gle, so she was just as true, just as loyal, in the sec- ond conflict with the enemy. On the 12th of May, nearly a month preceding the declaration of war by Congress, Governor Snyder issued the following " Gen- eral Orders," and we present them in full as part of the story of that war : " The President of the United States having, in conformity to an act of Congress, required a draft of 14,000 men, as the quota of Pennsylva- nia towards the detachment of 100,000 militia, the Governor is desirous, with promptitude, to perform all the duties which the constitution and laws, principle and patriotism, assign him. He feels his high responsi- bility. He knows the ardent heart — warm zeal of the Pennsylvania militia; and his sensibilities are alive to tlie honor of his country. "The revolution of America, that great and mighty struggle, which issued in giving to the United States that place among the powers of the earth, to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitled them, had scarcely been consummated, when the King, over whom we had been triumphant, began an invasion of our rights and property, which has almost uninterruptedly been continued, and yearly aggrava- ted in kind and in degree. Remonstrance has followed remonstrance, but they 'have been only answered by repeated injury,' and new out- rage. Their promises — their written engagements — their plighted faith — have all been wantonly violated. These wrongs have been so long endured, that our motives have been mistaken, and our national char- acter misrepresented. Our forbearance has been called cowardice — our love of peace, a slavish fear to encounter the dangers of war. We know tliat these representntions have no foundation in truth; but it is time that our enemies — that our friends — that the world, should know, we are not degenerated sons of gallant sires. " For nearly thirty years we have been at peace with all the nations of the earth. The gales of prosperity, and the full tide of happiness, have borne us along; while the storm of war has been desolating the greater part of the civilized world, and inundated it with the bitter waters of affliction. All the means, which wisdom and patriotism could devise, have been in vain resorted to, in the hope of preserving peace. The cup of patience — of humiliation and long suffering, has been filled to overflowing ; and the indignant aim of an injured people must be raised to dash it to the earth, and grasp the avenging sword. " In the cultivation of the earth, and in maniifacturiug and transport- ing its products, the people of the United States have been honestly, use- fully, and harmlessly employed; and for many years have we been feed- ing the nation, whose navy ' has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, and destroyed the lives of our people.' Our ability and disposition to serve them has whetted their commercial jealousy and monopolizing ani- mosity. "It is our property that has been plundered — it is our rights that have been invaded — it is the persons of our friends, relatives and coun- trymen, that have been * taken captive on the high seas,' and constrained ' to bear arms against their country ; to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by tlieii' hands.' It is our flag that has been bathed in our waters — made red with the blood of our fellow- citizens. Every gale ft-om the ocean wafts to our ears the sighs — the groans of our impressed seameo, demanding retribution. It is our homes and firesides that have been invaded by ' the merciless Indian savages,' who have been instigated to pollute our sacred soil with hostile feet, and tomahawk our citizens reposing in peace in the bosom of our country. The seeds of discord h;ive been sown amongst our people by an accredited Spy of the British government, at a time too when the re- lations of peace and amity were subsisting between our own and that government, founded on reiterated assurauces from them of national esteem and friendship. "If ever a nation had justifiable cause of war, that nation is the United States. If ever a people had motives to fight, we are that people. Our government, the watchful guardians of our welfare, have sounded the alarm— they have called upon us to gird on our swords and be ready to go forth and meet our enemies. Let us hasten to obey the govern- ment of our choice, and rally round the constituted authorities of the Union. Let an honorable zeal glow in our bosoms, as we eagerly press forward to render our services." It would give the Governor inexpressi- hle satisfaction, if Pennsylvania would volunteer her quota. May each State animate the others, and every citizen act as if the public weal — the national honor and independence rested upon his single arm. The ex- ample of the Heroes and Statesmen of our revolution, and the rich in- 54 HISTOKY OF LEBANON COUNTY. heritaiice their courage and wisdom achieved, cannot fail to urge all who love their country, to flock aronnd ber standard — upborne by the right hands of freemen, planted in the sacred soil their valor won, and consecrated by a righteous cause i^this nation may well go forth * with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence,' and a conscious belief that the Arm of the Lord of- Hosts, the strength of the Mighty One of Israel, will be on our side. " The last appeal being now to be made, by an injured and indignant nation ; it remains for the Militia and Volunteers of Pennsylvania, by a prompt co-operation with her sister States, to render efficient the meas- ures which are or may hereafter be adopted by the United States gov- ernment. " The Adjutant-General is charged with the necessary organization of the quota of the State, conformably to the following plan : "Ist. There shall forthwith be drafted, in the manner prescribed by law, 14,000 militia, officers and privates, to be formed into two divisions, four brigades, and twenty-two regiments. "The offer of service to the Governor of any flank company or com- panies, attached to any regiment, of a number equal to the number of militia required to be drafted from such regiment, may be accepted in substitution ot such draft from the regiment. " The corps of artillery, cavalry, riflemen and infantry, shall be in the following general proportions, as nearly as practicable: Artillery, 700 ; cavalry, 700; riflemen, 1400; infantry, 11,200. " 2d. The whole quota required shall be apportioned among the sev- eral divisions of the State, agreeably to a detail to be furnished by the Ad j utan t-General . "The quotas of the several divisions of the State shall be formed into two divisions for the present service. '• The quotas of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh divisions of the State, shall form the first division for service, under the command of M»jor-General ISAAC WOKRELL, a Brigadier-General from the first division, and a Brigadier-General from the third division of the State. " The quotas of the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth divisions of tlie State, shall form the second division for service, under the command of Major-General ADAMSON TANNEHILL, with a Brigadier-General from the second division, and a Brigadier-General from the fourth division of the State. " 3d. The men shall be mustered and inspected as soon as the drafts are made, and without delay returns shall be made to the Adjutant- General, who shall thereupon transmit copies to the Secretary at War. " When the organization of the detachment shall be effected, the re- spective corps will be exercised under the officers set over them — Drafted militia, by their proper officers; volunteers, as prescribed by law. The corps (either of drafted militia or of volunteers) will not re- main embodied, nor be considered as in actual service, until by subse- quent orders they are directed to take the field." The Pennsylvanians responded nobly to the call of the Governor of the State, and there was a tender of three times the number of men requested. With the exception of the western troops, who fought under Harrison in the Ohio country, and those who served with Gen. Brown at Niagara, few Pennsylvania troops were long in active service. The destruction of thecapitol and public buildings at Washington, and the threatened attack by the enemy on the city of Baltimore, brought the war near home to Central Pennsylvania, and there was no want of men to defend the State. Every man was a soldier. The following are the rolls of those soldiers who were in that campaign, and although they " snuffed the battle from afar," they were never- theless patriots deserving well of their country. The rolls of 1812-13 are not to be found, which is to be regretted, as this record would be the more complete. Among the general oflScers we find the following who were from Lebanon County. There were no doubt others, but we have failed to distinguish them : Brigadier-General. — Jacob Bower, 1812-13. John Harrison, 1813. Brigade-Inspector. — Abraham Doebler, 1812. Lieutenant- Colonel. — Adam Kitscher. Quartermasters. — John Leidig. John Uhler. Adjutant— Ibaac Meyer, Drum-Majors. — Powel Hoffman. Michael Shoop. EOLL OF CAPT. JACOB ACHEY'S COMPANY. Muster-roll of Capt. Jacob Achey's company in the First Regiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, under the command of Col. Maxwell Kennedy, at York, Pa., Sept. 5, 1814. • In service from Sept. 1, 1814, to March 1, 1815. From Lebanon County. Captain. Achey, Jacob. lAeutenant. Wilson, Hugh. EnMgn. Steger, Adam. Hartman, Joseph. Coil, William. Welsh, David. Becbtell, Isaac. Drumens, Alexander. Marr, Peter. Achey, George. Achey, Peter. Biship, Thomas. Bleirstine, Abraham. Boger, Paul. Bowman, Samuel. Boyer, Henry. Daub, Jacob. Daub, Peter. Day, Francis. Deitrich, Christian. Deitrich, Henry. Denimy, Alexander. Felty, Henry. Fland, Joshua. Fogle, Samuel. Fox, Peter. Hamuth, Jacob. Hawer, John. Sergeants. Steitzer, OhrlBtian. Hub ley, William. Corporah. Mitchell, Thomas. Atkins, Samuel. Fifer. Drummer. Privates. Johnson, Charles. Eershling, Henry. Eolp, Lewis. Ereider, Tobias. Lewis, Cyrus. Loeb, Henry. Loeb, John. Lowry, James. Martin, James. McKarahan, David. Miller, Jacob. Ott, Henry. Keed, Samuel. Smith, John. Steger, Jacob. Thomas, Jacob. Uhler, Jacob. Weiss, Peter. Zweil, Anthony. ROLL OF CAPT. NICKOLAUS DEER'S COMPANY. Muster-roll of Capt. Nickolaus Derr's company, of the One Hundredjaud First Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia, under marchlDg orders to Marcus Hook, on the Delaware River, Sept. 27, 1814. C^tain. Derr, Nickolaus. 'Lieutenant. Greenawalt, Jacob. Ensign, Kistler, Jacob. Krimm, Netten. Kramlich, Jacob. Herhster, John. Hartman, Peter. Seiberlink, Christian. Kopp, George. Corporals. Smith, Conrad. Peter, Henry. GENEKAL HISTORY. 55 Drummer. Eann, Henry. Stoever, William. Krum, Peter. Beivale, George. Uhler, Michael. Fifer. Reivale, Tobias. Wain, Michael. Smith, Michael. Kewalt, John. Weiss, Jacob, Privates. Rinal, John. Wilson, Hugh. Aiker, Daniel. Aiker, Daniel, Jr. Baker, Jacob. BogBr, Chriatian. Lefaver, William. Lizer, Daniel. Lutz, Christian. Mest, Samuel. Miller, Abraham. Miller, Jacob. Schnee, Joseph. Seigrist, Christian. Shiudel, George. Shome, Joseph. EOLL OF CAPT. Yeager, Christian. Yeager, John. Yeager, Joseph. Yensell, Martin. Breiner, George. Buckman, Andrew. PHILIP FISHER'S COMPANY. Deibert, Daniel. Miller, John. Muster-roll of Capt. Philip Fisher s company, in the Fifth Battalion, Fenstermacher, Philip. Miller, Peter. First Brigade of Pennsylvania militia, under the command of Maj. Folk, George. Moyer, John. James McFarlan, at York, Pa In service from Sept. 1, 1814, to Frans, John. Nothstein, Peter. March 5, 1815, from Lebanon County. Frey, Ailam. Peter, Jonas. CJaptain. Hander, George. Bauche, Daniel. Fisher, Philip. Hanselman, Andrew. Hans, Christian. Kauche, Salamon. Hex, John. Lieutenant. Hans, Jacob. Hans, Leonard. Hardinger, Michel. Hausman, John. Heilman. Jacob. Heller, Christian. Hetler, George. Hetler, John. Holhen, Salamon. Hunaicker, Peter. Kistler, Henry. Klotz, Daniel. Klutz, Andrew. Kuns, Christian.^/ Lanckuor, Joseph. Lechleider, George. Lefav&r, Isaac. Bockel, Adam. Bouche, John. Sell, Peter. Sensinger, Daniel. Sleicher, Valentine. Snyder, Christian. Snyder, Jacob. Snyder, Peter. Steierwalt, George. Stein, John. Verlein, Michael. Weaver, Jacob. Wehr, Philip. Werly, Andrew. Werly, Theobalt. Wert, Martin. Yuxaeimer, Abraham. BOLL OF CAPT. HENBY DOEBLBR'S COMPANY. Muster-roll of Capt. Henry Doebler's company, in the First Begiment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, under the command of Col. Maxwell Kennedy, at York, Pa., Sept. 5, 1814. In service from Aug. 28, 1814, to Marcb 5, 1815 ; from Lebanon County. Doebler, Henry. Lieutentmt. Embich, Jacob. Fasnacht, Frederick. Hubley, Andrew D. Embich, Samuel. Shindle, Jacob. Embich, Philip. Millinger, John. Hefflefinger, William. Bricker, Jacob. Buckley, Samuel. Doebler, Lewis. Dubs, Henry. Elliuger, Peter. Embich, Abraham. Geissaman, John. Gerhart, George. Gillmau, Christian. Greenawalt, Matthias. Greenawalt, Philip. Grove, Peter. Hamilton, John. Karcb, George. Johnson, John. Corporals. Wertb, John. McCool, Joseph. Fifer. Drummer. Privates. Hefflefinger, John. Hoffman, David. Houeficaus, Philip. Hoves, Isaac. Marshall, James. Mason, Frank. Mayer, Henry. McCloul, John.. McCulIough, Samuel. Miller, Christian. Millinger, David. Millinger, Samuel. Pouler, William. Elliot, James. •Shettener, Jacob. Rambler, Christian. Faver, Samuel. Heichholtz, Samuel. McCoard, James. Achabaoh, John. Armold, George. Ault, William. Barnit, Isaac. Bartilbach, Martin. Brand, Michael. Bruker, Henry. Butcher, Thomas. Cephard, John. Cornwell, Henry. Dunbar, Samuel. Eberly, Jacob. Heichholtz, Jacob. Eppley, Frederick. Fogel, John. Garman, Henry. Gasshard, Samuel. Gass, John. Gingrich, Michael. Glass, . Goldman, Michael. Greuk, Frederick. Greglow, Henry. Grisher, Jacob. Hahn, John. Hoover, William. Howard, Frederick. Karich, William. Kliver, John. Brough, John. I^nsign. Shay, Thomas. Sergeants. BoUman, Frederick. Breird, Henry. CorporaU. Kissinger, Jacob. Williams, Solomon. Fifer. Kromer, David. Lewis, Evin, Long, Michael. Loeser, Henry. Loeser, Valentine. Miller, George. Miller, Samuel. Moore, Peter. Jloyer, Peter. Muckafee, John. Neaff, George. Onreider, Henry. Parsh, Henry. Pleeher, Jacob. Ramsey, Daniel. Banela, James. Redick, Henry. Roland, Abraham. Smith, Henry. Spangler, George. Spangler, Peter. Sunday, Adam. Tompkins, Jonathan. Walts, ChMstopher. Waltz, Philip. Weise, Jacob. Wittmoyer, George. Wolf, John. Wolf, Philip. ROLL OF CAPT. BENJAMIN LESHER'S COMPANY. Muster-roll of Capt. Benjamin Lesher'r company, in the First Regi- ment, First Brigade, Pennsylvania militia, commanded by Col. Bfaxwell Kennedy, at York, Pa., Sept. 5, 1814. In service from Sept. 5, 1814, to March 5, 1815, from Lebanon County. Captain. Lesher, Benjamin. Lieutenant. Leidner, Daniel. Ensign. Freliughousen, Peter. 66 HISTORY OP LEBANON COUNTY. Sergeants. ROLL OF CAPT. PETEB SNYDER'S COMPANY. Beaehor, Benjamin. Achenbach, Jacob. Muster-roll of Capt. Peter Snyder's company, in the Second Regiment, Fortney, Jonas. Wommer, Adam. First Brigade of Pennsylvania mililia, under the command of Lleut.- Col. Adam Bidsher. at York. Pa. In service from Sent. 2. 1814. to Corporals. March 5, 1815, from Dauphin, Schuylkill, Lebanon, and Berks Felty, John. "Wetzel, Frederick Counties. Behny, Martin. Spengle, George. Cki^tain. Prmatea. Snyder, Peter. Beashore, George. Lantz, Henry. Lieutenant. Bush, George. Larch, George. Bonawits, Benjamin. Capp, Bavid. Myers, Henry. Ensign. Clemens, George. Bice, Samuel. Moody, Robert. Berkes, George. Bitter, George. Sergeants. Ehler, Christian. Shuey, George. Leahy, John. Snyder, John. Ehler, Thomas. Silvus, Nicholas. Spayd, Christian. Hughes, Charles. Eisenhower, Henry. Snebely, Henry. Corporals. Eisenhower, Martin. Snabely, John. Fearer, Joseph. Steby, John. Manly, David. Heppick, Joshua. Fege, Leonard. Suter, Christophel. Hauthorn, George. Hargesloger, Michael. Fege, Peter. UpdegraflF, George. Privates. Fisher, George. Wagoner, Jacob. Alberty, Lawrence. Hostler, Jacob. Herring, Henry. Weitle, "William. Albright, John. Hummel, Frederick. Hoffa, Jacob. "Wenter, John. Andrew, Jacob. Hummel, Joseph. Holsuple, John. "Wetzel, Jacob. Bale, John. Johnson, David. Hoover, John, Wolf, Daniel. Barket, Peter. Jontz, George. Keen, Samuel. Wolf, Frederick. Belleman, John. Kramer, Michael. Klick, John. Wolf, Peter. Boddorff, John. Lukinbill, John. Kuntzleman, Baniel. Boy er, John. McBride, James. Brown, Jacob. McElrath, John. BOLL OF CAPT. JEREMIAH BEES' COMPANY. Bullinger, Daniel. Mosey, David. Muster-roll of Capt. Jeremiah Bees' comnanv. of the Fifth Battalion. BuUinger, Jacob. Moyer, David. First Brigade, Pennsyl Col. Lefever, at York, vania Infantry, under the command of Lieut.- Pa. In service from Ana:. 30 and 31. 1814. to Cassel, Frederick. Cassel, Michael. Murray, Francis. Night, John. March 5, 1815, from Lancaster, Berks, and Lebanon. Conrad, John. Critzon, John. Eeigle, Jonathan. Bemly, George. Ckeptain. Cunningham, Robert. Sawyer, John. Bees, Jeremiah. Curry, William. Seller, Peter. Lieutenant. Diel, John. Shaffer, George. Knepley, Conrad. Duncan, John. Shaffer, John. Ensign. Ebbert, Henry. Smith, John. Dill, James. Eckler, Henry. Snyder, Godfrey. Sergeants. Ettle, David. Souser, Michael. Eichelberger, Peter. Gar man, Philip. Eversole, Abraham. Stine, George. Deal, Daniel. Kendle, Henry. Felty, Martin. Stine, John, Jr. Fritz, Michael. Strouse, William. OorporaU. Gross, Michael. Wiuter, Jacob. Missimer, John. Darr, John, Grundon, James. Wolf, John. Newman, Peter. David, George. Harrow, Henry. Woltz, John. Privates. Hays, Richard. Woltz, Michael. Hays, Solomon. Wright, James. Adams, Isaac. Krick, Peter. Hedrick, Peter. Wyrlch, David. Baldorf, Henry. Lutz, George. Hemperly, Michael Zarver, Benjamin. Bridegam, David. Matthew, Samuel. Hite, Jacob. Zarver, Philip. Coleman, John. Mell, John. Deckert, Daniel. Metz, Henry. On the 24th of December, 1814, a treaty of peace Defenbacb, John. Dingier, Samuel. Miller, Henry. Noll, George. was signed by the commissioners of the United States Dubert, Henry. Noll, Jacob. and of England at Ghent. It did not, however, set- Feag, John. Reed, Jacob. tle the great questio,n of the war, the impressing of Fidler, Henry. Fisher, Frederick. Reedy, Daniel. Riggler, Jacob, Jr. seamen, but there was a tacit understanding, and Fisher, Michael. Rutter, Joseph. it was never revived. The news did not reach the Foltz, Henry. Sheetz, Henry. United States iintil the month of February. In the Forry, John. Shell, Peter. mean time one of the most brilliant victories ever Foust, John. Friberger, John. Shingler, Jacob. Seller, John. achieved by the American arms, that of the battle of Gable, Samuel. Sipple, William. New Orleans, on the 8th of January, 1815, had oc- Glinger, Daniel. Sollady, Lawrence. curred. Griss, Adam. Hahn, John. Spotz, Conrad. Stouer, Rudolph. Stronk, John. Following the war came on the financial crisis, Hain, Adam. which has ensued and will follow every war, ruining Heepner, Daniel. Hosle]', John. Katterman, John. Troutman, Michael. many. Soon, lowever, the country became prosper- Wolf, Jacob.' Zeeler, Valentine. ous, and every branch of industry or valuable interest Katzaman, Anthony. Zimmerman, Henry. recoived a beneficial impulse, and thus through nearly Kelch, Michael. half a century trade and commerce, agriculture and GENERAL HISTORY. 57 the mechanic arts prospered. The resources of the country were becoming rapidly developed. In the towns industrial establishments were erected, the old- time theories gave place to modern views and designs and thoughts. In the farming communities the old log cabins and log barns were removed, large, capa- cious houses erected, and stone and brick buildings occupied the site where the early pioneers erected the rude log hut, or the more capacious structure used for frontier defense. Among the lead were the people of the townships now forming the county of Lebanon. Many removed to the West during these years to better their condition. Some did, it is true, but in the end they have only done what their ancestors who in Miihlbach, on the Quitopahilla or of Bethel, did over a century before, made " the wilderness to blos- som as the rose." CHAPTER XII. .The Formation of Lebanon County — Boundaries — Court-House and Jail — First Coni-ts — Admissions to the Lebanon County Bar, 1813-83. At the close of the war of the Revolution the in- habitants of Lancaster County north of the Cone- wago Hills clamored for a new county. Many and various were the reasons assigned. As early as 1782 petitions were presented to the Assembly detailing the many inconveniences in attending the courts at Lancaster. The feeling within the projected new county was at first almost unanimous, but no sooner did the most favorable plan — the erection of the county, with the seat of justice at or near Harris'. Ferry — meet the approval of the Assembly, when there suddenly arose most violent opposition. Harris- burg was considered as being on the verge of the county instead of in the centre. Remonstrances were sent to the Legislature from almost every township, and especially from Heidelberg, Lebanon, and Bethel. The opposition was so great that the commissioners of the county refused to assess and levy a tax for the purpose of erecting the court-house and prison, on the demand of the trustees, believing that a change of the location of the county-seat would eventually be accomplished, and until this question was perma- nently settled the people should not be put to any expense for the erection of the county buildings. As a result, the trustees accused the commissioners and assessors of dereliction of duty, and the power of the Supreme Executive Council was called to the aid of the trustees. At this juncture the following memorial, signed by all the inhabitants in the townships alluded to, was sent forward to the executive authorities : " To Bis Exoellenaj the President and the Honorable the Su^reMe Execu- tive Council of the Commonwealth of Ptnnsylvania. " The Petition of the Subscribers Freeholders and Inhabitants of the County of Dauphin, Humbly sheweth ; That Your Petitioners and many other Inhabitants of the said County did remonstrate and petition to the Honorable House of Assembly at the last Session setting forth the Grievances of the Inhabitants and Hardships and Inconveniences under which they labour, in resorting to the very Verge of the County, to the present Seat of Judicature near Harris's Ferry and praying that the Seat of Justice be appointed in a more convenient part of the County &c., &c. To which remonstrance and Petition, and to the Act entitled 'An Act for erecting Part of Lancaster County into a Seperate County' "Your Petitioners humbly refer Your Honorable Body. " That the Commissioners and Township Assessors of the said County have declined to assess and levy any Monies on the Inhabitants for the purpose of building a Court House and Prison at a Place so inconve- nient, Ab the Commissioners & Assessoi-s are well acquainted of the General Dissatisfaction of the Inhabitants of the said County to pay any such Assessments. " That Your Petitioners are apprehensive, that in the present Recess of the Assembly, Application may be made to Your Honorable Body accusing the County Commissioners, for neglecting their Duty in not assessing the Sum or Sums of Money judged necessary by the Trustee, mentioned in the said Act of Assembly for the Purposes aforesaid, and therefore in Case of any such Application to Your Honorable Body. Your Petitioners humbly pray Your Excellency & the Council will be pleased to Suspend the Infliction of any Fines or Penalties on the Com- missioners of Dauphin County for having declined to comply with the Eequisitions of the said Trustees until the Issue & Event of the Eemon- strance & Petition aforesaid be determined by the Legislature." Finding that the law was imperative, the proper ofBcers attended to the performance of their duty, and further proceedings in opposition thereto ceased. However smooth the machinery of the new county of Dauphin may have worked, efforts were at once made to secure a division of the same, adding, if possible, a small portion of the adjoining counties of Berks and Lancaster, with the town of Lebanon as the county- seat. Determined opposition was made at first from the counties referred to, and also from that portion of Dauphin now included therein. It was only when the Legislature had decided to locate the State capi- tol at Harrisburg that the approval of those formerly opposed was secured. At each session of the General Assembly for a period of twenty years petitions and remonstrances for the erection of a new county were presented. The proposed name therefor was " Hamilton," in honor of Alexander Hamilton, who fell in the duel with Aaron Burr, and whom it was thought fit to honor by his admirers in Pennsylvania, but for some cause, probably political, this was objectionable. Finally the name of the principal town was given to that of the county, it having been derived from the original township, and the measure passed in that shape. On the 16th of February, 1816, Governor Simon Snyder approved " an act erecting parts of Dauphin and Lancaster Counties into a separate county, to be called Lebanon," the first section of which re- cites " that all those parts of Dauphin and Lancas- ter Counties lying and being within the limits fol- lowing, to wit : beginning at the southeast corner of Dauphin County, where it intersects the Berks County line, about four miles from Newmanstown ; thence through Lancaster County to a sandstone house, formerly occupied by George Wyman, and in- cluding the same, on the great road leading from 58 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. Scheafferstown to Elizabeth Furnace ; thence to a house formerly occupied by one Shroyer, deceased, and including the same, on the great road leading from Lebanon to Manheim ; thence to Snyder's mill on Conewago Creek, excluding the same; thence north- erly to the house of one Henry, at the cross-roads leading from Harrisburg to Reading, including the same ; thence to Raccoon Creek, on the Blue or Kitta- tinny Mountain ; thence along the said mountain, on the top thereof, to the Berks County line; thence along the said line to the place of beginning, shall be, and the same are hereby, according to said lines, declared to be erected into a county henceforth to be called Lebanon." By an act approved 21st February, 1814, three com- missioners were appointed to run and mark the boun- dary lines between the counties of Lebanon and Lan- caster, and Lebanon and Dauphin. Their report is on file in the Quarter Sessions of Dauphin County. That part which relates to the line between Dauphin and Lebanon Counties is as follows, to wit: "Starting from Snyder's mill on the Conewago Creek ; thence north 14| degrees, west seven miles and 132 perches, to Andrew Henry's, including the same ; thence north 15i degrees, west eight miles and 239 perches, to the source of Raccoon Creek ; thence on the same course 32 perches to the summit of the first or Blue Mountain ; thence along the same north 64 degrees, east 13 miles and three-fourths of a mile to the Berks County line.'' On the 29th of March, 1821, another act of Assem- bly was approved, providing,— " That so much of the townships of East Hanover and Bethel, in the county of Dauphin, as lies north of the Blue or Kittatinny Mountain, shall be and compose a part of the county of Lebanon." These divisions took from the county of Dauphin the entire townships of Heidelberg, Bethel, Lebanon, Annville, East Hanover, and a large portion of Lon- donderry, and a small strip of West Hanover west of Raccoon Creek. Commissioners were afterwards appointed to run the extended lines, as directed by the act of March, 1821, and their report, recorded in Dauphin County,' Road Docket A, page 73, is as follows : EEPORT OF COMMISSIONEKS APPOINTED TO RUN THE DI- VISION LINE BETWEEN LEBANON AND DAUPHIN COUN- TIES, JAN. 16, 1832. "William Cochran, Martin Hockor, and John Harrison, tlie commis. sioners, the two iirst appointed by an act of Assembly passed the 23d day of March, a.d. 1829, and John Harrison (the third), appointed by a supplement to said act passed the l«h day of March, a.d. 1831, in the room ot John Weidman, deceased, do report that they have performed said service agreeably to said act, by commencing at a black oak on the top of the Blue Moui.'tain ; thence north fifteen degrees, west four miles one hundred and ninety-two perches, to a pine on the top of the Fourth Mountain; thence along the top of Fourth Mountain, north sixty de- grees, east ten miles two hundred and seventy-two perches, to a pine at the Schuylkill County line, a plat or draft of which is to the said report annexed." DAUPHIN COUNTY. N. 60° E. 10 miles and 272 perches. LEBANON COUNTY. Black Oak. It may be here stated that the commissioners sup- posed all the territory between the First and Fourth Mountains belonged to East Hanover and Bethel townships, when, in reality, they included a portion of Middle Paxtang township, which was wholly un- authorized. As the inhabitants within the extended lines were few, and perchance none within that por- tion of the township referred to, no objections were made to the report, and the county of Lebanon on its northern boundary reaches to the top or ridge of the Fourth Mountain. The commissioners appointed under the act of 16th of February, 1813, to purchase sites for the county buildings, bought of George Karch on the llth of April, 1814, the lot numbered fifty-two in the bor- ough of Lebanon, for the county prison, for five hun- dred and fifty dollars, said lot fronting on Walnut Street (now Eighth Street) sixty-six feet, in depth one hundred and ninety-two feet on a fourteen feet alley to another alley, and bounded on the south by another lot of George Karch. At the same time they purchased of Peter Shindel, Esq., and Peter Shindel and wife, the lot on the corner of Walnut (now Eighth) and Cumberland Streets, bounded on the north by a fifteen feet alley, and on the west by lot of Philip Greenawalt, being sixty-six feet in front and one hundred and ninety-eight feet in depth, for two hundred dollars. A subsequent purchase was made from Philip 6reenawalt, on the 20th of January, 1817, of the half lot adjoining on the west, being thirty-three feet on Cumberland Street, and one hun- dred and ninety-eight feet in depth to an alley, for the sum of twelve hundred dollars. In 1816 the county commissioners contracted with Stephen Hills, the architect of the capitol at.Harris- burg, to erect a court-house, in which year they paid him fourteen hundred dollars on account towards the building. The next year they paid him thirteen thousand six hundred dollars, and in 1815 the further sum of six thousand four hundred and fifteen dollars and eighty-seven cents, in which year it was completed at the total cost of twenty-one thousand four hundred and fifteen dollars and eighty -seven cents. It is a sub- stantial brick structure, and although it has been several times repaired and remodeled, its architec- ture is not to be admired. Nevertheless, its oflSces are very commodious and well arranged, while the acoustic properties of the court-room are not equaled ;^**^ ^'V <■"■ OF 13ALT»HIX & LEBAN^OIV Under the provisions of an actottheLegislatur.- o^Pennsvlvania passedthf 19^^day of vMarcli 1816. GENERAL HISTORY. 59 by any of the modern-built halls in the State. Or- nate and elaborate workmanship in these days is more studied than comfort. The first jail was a temporary structure rudely con- structed. For this Michael Huber furnished boards and scantling to amount of $200; Jacob Knappsame, for $75; Christian Seyler, six locks for $72, and for repairing one lock, $3. When the second jail was constructed there were paid for different items : To Conrad Fasnacht and others for digging foundation for jail cellar, $37.50, and for cellar, $350 ; Wil- liam Glenn, for mason work, $2534.32; Daniel Muller, for smithwork, $1708.56 ; Samuel Meily, smithwork, $180 ; Samuel Lutz, hauling lumber, g $7 ; Michael Bross, same, $3 ; Christian Gingrich, I same, $3 ; Jacob Dillier, for carpenter work, $200 ; % Jacob and Frederick Embich, same, $405.50 ; j Jacob Knapp, boards and scantling, $235.86; Edward Godwin and Jacob Goodheart, " for sur- veying and calculating jail," $200; Michael Shu- gar, cellar steps, $9 ; Daniel Foght, cleaning cel- lar, $1.50; Samuel Rohrer, one lock, $4; George Heilman, hauling lumber, $34, and digging well, $120 ; Thomas Sanders, plastering, $216.82 ; George Fesler, mason work to jail wall, $400 ; and William Glenn, same, $836.75. The total cost of first or temporary jail was $250 ; and of the second, $7103.81. The latter has been often repaired and altered. The present wall and stable cost $5161. The First Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace for Lebanon County was held on Dec. 13 and 14, 1818, before Walter Franklin, president, and John Gloninger and David Krause, associate judges. The constables present and sworn were: Annville township, Henry Eedick ; Bethel township, Frederick Hower ; East Hanover township, Henry Smith ; Le- banon township, George Hoke. The next session was held on the 14th of Febru- ary, 1814. The following tavern licenses were granted by the Court : Heidelberg Township. — Simon Bassler, Michael Valentine, Jacob Shoener, John Meiser, George Guss. Lebanori Borough. — Frederick Embich. Bethel Township. — George Stein, John Lick, Daniel Kaufman. Annville Township. — Michael Furry. The foreman of the grand jury was Samuel Rex, of Heidel- berg. At the May sessions of 1814 the following tavern licenses were granted : Heidelberg Township. — An- drew Stouch, Frederick Overlin, Abraham Rex, Abra- ham Andrews. Lebanon Borough. — Peter Wentling, Jacob Shindel, Abraham Doebler, Bernhard Reinhard, John Imhoff, Peter Lineaweaver, John Young, God- lieb Orth, Philip Fisher. Bethel Township. — Henry Backenstose, John Rank, John Glick. At the September sessions, 1814, John Whatmough, for blasphemy, was fined ten pounds, or suffer three months in the county jail, pay the costs of prosecu- tion etc. ; John Bickel, foreman of grand jury. At the same sessions the following constables were sworn : Annville township, David Baily ; Bethel township, John Fasnacht ; East Hanover township, Christian Zering; Elizabeth township, George Wolfersberger ; Heidelberg township, John M. Eeily ; Lebanon town- ship, John Huber; Londonderry township, David Bigham ; foreman of grand jury, Jacob Hantz. The First Common Pleas Court of Lebanon County convened Dec. 10, 1813, with Walter Franklin presi- dent judge, and John Gloninger and David Krause LEBANON COURT-HOUSE. associate judges. The first case was that of John Becker for the use of Peter Becker vs. Henry Becker, for debt, £126 3s. Judgment for amount claimed, and settled in full, Jan. 23, 1816. This was the only busi- ness transacted at this term ; J. Y. Smith attorney for plaintiff". At the next term, on Feb. 10, 1814, the first case was that of Robert Young vs. John Wilhelm, for debt not exceeding three hundred dollars ; Edward Godwin attorney for plaintiflf. The second case was that of Michael Stroh vs. John Lick; Certiorari to John Houte, Esq ; Proceedings quashed Aug. 11, 1815 ; Edward Godwin attorney. The third case was Eliza- beth Elder et al. vs. John Stauffer ; Thomas Elder attorney for plaintiffs. The fourth case was same vs. John Stauffer; same attorney. The next was Samuel Betz and his wife Esther vs. John Dengler ; Godwin attorney. John Kean and John Forster, lately mer- chants trading under the firm of Kean & Forster, for use of John Forster, vs. Isaac Moyer ; Thomas Elder attorney for plaintiff". Next court convened May 16, 1814, but adjourned to Aug. 1, 1814, without transacting any business. At this term (August) the first case tried was Sarah Ritter vs. George Eckert, for breach of marriage con- tract; James Buchanan and EdwarJ Godwin attor- 60 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. neys for plaintiff, and Thomas Elder and James Hop- kins for defendant. The following petit jury (first in the county in a civil action) tried the case: Easier Fetterhoff, George Johler, John Hostetter, George Garrett, Jr., Adam Bosler, John Logan, Jacob Peiffer, Tobias Ulrich, George Stine, Jacob Selver, Michael Gingrich, and Thomas Clark, who found for the lady in the sum of two hundred and five dollars, and costs. For the December term, 1813, two suits were en- tered; February term, 1814, six; May term, thirty; and September term, twenty-two. At the December term, 1814, the cases numbered thirty-nine, showing a gradual increase in litigation. First Wills Recoeded. — The first will admitted to record was that of Christian Seybert, Sr., of Hei- delberg township, dated Oct. 19, 1811, with a codicil of April 15, 1813, and a second codicil of April 22, 1813, and same was recorded Aug. 7, 1813. The next will was that of Michael Mover, of Hei- delberg township, dated March 13, 1813, and recorded May 12, 1813. Then followed the wills of the following decedents with dates of their records : Peter Shantz, Londonderry, April 23, 1813. John Tibben, the elder, East Hanover, April 27, 1813. Daniel Slattern, Bethel, Aug. 6, 1813. Michael Snyder, Lebanon township, Aug. 7, 1813. Thomas Mitchel, Annville, Dec. 17, 1813. James Davis, Lebanon borough, Jan. 17, 1814. 5Jlizabeth Olewath, Heidelberg, Jan. 20, 1814. John Farney, Lebanon township, Jan. 27, 1814. Christian Bucher, Lebanon township, Jan. 28, 1814. Daniel Smith, of Elizabeth township, Lancaster Co., school-master and bookseller, Feb. 3, 1814. Jacob Boltz, Annville, yeoman, Feb. 12, 1814. Anthony Karmany, Annville, March 5, 1814. Anthony Doebler, Lebanon borough, March 21, 1814. John Shank, Sr., Heidelberg, April 29, 1814. Christian Seltzer, the younger, of Bethel township, April 14, 1814. George Hooltz, Annville, April 15, 1814. Elizabeth Reissly, Lebanon borough, July 16,1814. Maria Dinius, Lebanon township, July 23, 1814. Letters of Administration.— The first letters of administration were issued May llj 1813, by John W. Shultze, register of wills, to Peter Fisher, on the estate of George Loeb (deceased), late of Lebanon borough. The following were the persons to whom subsequent letters were issued, with dates of same, and names of decedents whose estate was adminis- tered upon : AdminiBtrators. Bates. Becedents. John Eokart, Henry Ulrich Mav 28, 1813 Catharine Ecknrt Peter Mohr April 13, 1813... .Fohn George Trion. Jacob Bciger, Kve Frener April 16, 1813. ..James Frener. Philip Shaacke, Tobias Fei'nsler.... April 15, 1813. ..Jacob Groff. Peter Hanoli June 6, 1813 Magdalena Groh. George Maes, Eve Strohrn July 23, 1813 John Strohm. Jacob Shaed July 26, 1813 John Becker. Administrators. Bates. Decedents. Isaac Hershy Aug. 6, 1813 Anna M. Schantz. John Ney, Christopher Bicker Aug. 18, 1813.. ..Henry Peter, Jr. John Herckelroth. Martin Thomas...Oct. 4, 1813 Henry Herokelroth. From the organization of Lebanon to the present period the following attorneys have practiced in the several courts of the county. The resident members are marked wich an asterisk (*) — those resident and dead with a dagger (f). ADMISSIONS TO THE BAR OF LEBANON COUNTY. Hamilton Alricks Nov. 8, 1831. Jacob Amwake Jan. 7, 1845. S. H. Alleman Jan. 3, 1870. Charles K. Arndtt Jan. 13, 1874. Jacob G. Adams* Jan. 1, 1877. James BAchanan Bee. 13, 1813. John Marks Biddle Feb. 14, 1814. Edward Burnliam April 2, 1827. Peter Batdorff Aug. 7, 1827. James Burnside Nov. 7, 1831. John Banner Aug. 11, 1835. VTilliam Betz Jan. 11, 1837. Thomas H. Bibighausf Aug. 6, 1839. John R. Breitenbach Jan. 6, 1840. Samnel Brown well Jan. 1, 1844. Benjamin Bartholomew April 7,1849. Amos B. Boughtei-f April 15, 1851. John S. Bossier* Jan. 7, 1852. John Banks Jan, 6,1858. John H. Bowman* Aug. 17, 1858. Michael P. Boyer , Aug. 16, 1859. Bassler Boyer* Nov. 2, 1853. F.Carroll Brewster Jan. 7, 1864. Henry T. Bibighaus* April 22, 1864. John Benson* Jan. 3, 1866. Israel C. Becker Jan. 8, 1869. William T. Bishop Nov. 7, 1853. William S. Bordlemay* May 14, 1869. Charles A. Brumm June 22, 1868. John W. Bickel Jan. 12, 1870. Thomas R. Bannau '. Jan. 12, 1870. George F. Breneman Nov. 15, 1870. Lin Bartholou;ew April 22, 1876. O. P.Bechtel April 22, 1875. George F. Baer Jan, 13, 1876. George W. Burkholder* Sept, 2, 1878. George S, Bowman* Jan. 6, 1879. Owen P. Bricker Dec. 1, 1879. A. S, Brendle May 25, 1882, Edward Coleman May 16, 1814, William Cowan Aug, 13,'] 845, Milton Campbell Aug, 16, 1865, Thomas H: Oapp* Nov, 7, 1881, Daniel Durkoe Jan. 4, 1819. Samuel Douglass April 5, 1819, Roberts. Dodson Jan, 6, 1841. William M, Dorr* April 18, 1869. William Darlington Nov, 14, 1860. David D, Dillman Jan, 16, 1869, CyrusG. Derr Aug. 19, 1869. 0. J. Dickey Nov. 16, 1870. John S. Belweiler Feb. b, 1872. Horace M, Barling April 22, 1875, W, C. Dotweiler Ana, 19, 1881. Daniel Bougherty April 18, 1883, Thomas Elder Bee, 13, 1813. Amos Ellmaker May 16, 1814. Benjamin F. Etter Aug, 19, 1861, George Eyster Nov. 14,1870. James N.Ermen trout April 26,1873, Alleo W, Ehrgood,* Jan, 16, 1880, John Fisher Dec, 13, 1813, George Fisher Dec, 13, 1813, John M. Foi-ster May 16, 1814, John Adams Fisher April 9, 1821, Josiah Funck* April 16, 1861. J, Montgomery Foster ; Nov, 5, 1855, Reub Frayzer May 24, 1843. Guy E, Farquhar Nov, 14, 1870, Charles J. Faulkner, Jr March 1, 1876. J. Marshall Funck* Sept 1, 1879 W. D, Fisher* Nov. 13, 1882, Edward Godwin Dec. 13, 1813. William Goodhart Nov. 12, 1845, Michael Gallagher Jan, 5, 1846. Peter Gwinuer Nov, 3, 1847, Jacob L. Gross Nov, 6. 1854, J, P. S, Gobin* April 16, 1866, William M. Goodman Dec, 2, 1867. W, H. Gearhart Jan, 6, 1869, Henry S. Gockley* Nov, 13, 1882, James Hopkins Dec, 13, 1813. Abiathar Hopkins Nov, 14,1816, George W, Harris April 3, 1821, Daniel J, Heister April 1 1822 Andrew J,perr Jan, 4, 1858, GENERAL HISTORY. 61 Jeremiah Hoffnianf Jan. 4, 1866. L. W. Hall Nov. 16, 1870. Allen D. Hoffer April 6, 1874. Lulher F. Hoiick* April 14, 1879. Alfred M, Herkness May 24, 1880. Charles L. Hawley April 13,1882. ■William N. Irvine Aug. 16, 1816. Cyrus S. Jacobs Aug. 3, 1824. William 0. Jenkins March 17, 1875. Henry Kurtz Feb. 14, 1814. GeorEe W. Klinej Sept. 24, 1821. David Kriiuse April 8, 1823. Andrew J. Kline April 8, 1826. Levi Klinet Nov. 6, 1834. John W. Killinger*..- Nov. 3,1846. John C. Kunkle Nov, 6, 1864. George W. Kline* April 26, 1867. George K. Kaercher Jan. 6, 1870. Charles H. Killinger* Jan, 6, 1877. Percival C. KailSfmUn Aug. 19, 1881. George P. Lineaweaver Nov. 10, 1848. Samuel Laird Feb. 21, 1814. Nathaniel H. Loring Nov. 14, 1823. Christopher Lo&er. Aug. 11, 1835. Henry D, Lineaweaver Aug. 14,1837. Jacob S. Livingood Nov. 7, 1848. "William K, Loose (stricken off) April 25, 1857, Robert A. Lamberton April 19, 1868. James Merrill Linn Nov. 16, 1860. ■William G. Lehmanf Aug. 21, 1867. Herman E. Long July 5, 1869. Cyrus B. Lantz* Aug. 10, 1869. J. Meyer Lightt April 19, 1872. Charles L. Lockwood April 11, 1881. Moses Maclean Feb. 16,1814. ■William Montgomery Feb. 17, 1814. Francis M. Mnhlenberg April 5, 1819. Calvin Mason Aug. 27, 1827. John K. Montgomery April 6,1829. McCormick Nov. 6,1828. ■William McClure Nov. 8, 1831. James McCormick Aug. 4, 1834. John Vf. Misli* Aug. 5, 1846. George W. McElroy Jan. 6, 1847. Richard McAllister Jan. 6, 1861. Dewitt C. Morris Aug. 6, 1861. Samuel McBarron Nov. 6, 1853. LeviMeilv Nov. 6, 1863. Cyrus P. Miller* Aug. 17, 1858. George ■W. Matcben April 18, 1869. Samuel T. McAdam* April 26,1862. Penrose G. Mark* Aug, 21, 1867, J. C. McAlarney April 20, 1869. David J. Mumma March 6, 1860. J. A. C. McCune Juno 12,1870. B. Bryson McCool June 12, 1870. M. ■W. McAlarney .' Nov. 11, 1870. E. Spencer Miller Aug. 21, 1871. Samuel V. Mays Nov. 3, 1873. John B. McPherson May 10, 1876. Frank E. Meily* Jan. 6, 1879. John ■W. Meily, Jr* April 14, 1879. George "W. Nutz Feb. 16, 1814. ■William Norris May 16, 1814. H. M. North Nov. 16, 1870. Adam H. Orth April 7, 1823. Joseph C. Orth Nov. 7, 1843. George B. Porter Deo. 13, 1813. Edward P. Pearson January, 1825. Isaac Pearson -A-Ug- 6, 1829. James M. Porter April 15, 1851. J.Austin Parrish Nov, 11, 1856. Robert M. Palmer ■''^"■^l},];., George Pfleger -t"^' io' ifr?' ■William S. Price ;^"/-,lM,2"- C. L. Piiikerton V^'' ¥',i io^-n Charles Phillips ■^"'^'l^y,!'^- John Roberts S''!:' l? l«lM' Charles Richards 5 ■ ,? loJr Milton C. Rogers ^"^/f^ '?Ll-a Charles C. Rawn -V ^J^"^}}'}of, James L. Reynolds l°"'-Pi \lt*n Charles K. Robeson ¥'"'■'',''„?' jom' Adam O.Reinoehl -^P^'Fi-irl™- Philip H. Eeinhard* June 4. 1877. James B.van i^.'^^'lll^ Charles Smith S °' iq' l« ?' Jasper Yeates Smith 2^ li' iS Jasper Slaymaker T^'i^JIJ^ Henry Shippen Ja"- 1?, If 16. Francis R. Shunk Aug 6 1817 Samuel Shoch ^^"n'll??- Franklin D. Shoener ^^"; 11' ',l.7o John P.Sanderson t ^'-/''I'oJ!, ■William Strong •^"•■,^l^*»i7 Hiram B. Swarr ^P"y^»-? Cornelius M. Shell Jan. 6. ISol William B. Smith Aug. 21 1865 Darius J. Seltzert Aug 18, 1857. Jacob L. Ste.nmetz April 22 1870. H. Shellenberger Oct. 24 1870 J. McD. Sharpe Nov. 14, 1870. A Frank Seltzer Aug. 24, 1866. Howard E. Shirk* Ian. 6, 1879. B. M.Strouse May 24, 1880. George B. Schock* Nov. 13, 1882. George H. Troutman April 22, 1876. J. Warren Tryon Sept. 3, 1877. A. 'VVilson Taylor Aug. 21, 1867. Alex. F.Thompson April 10, 1882. John W. Ulricbf April 4, 1842. A. Stanley Ulrich* April 21, 1802. George B. Ulrich* April 14, 1879. Frank Uhland Feb. 6, 1SS2. Richard Vaux Oct. 7, 1878. Jacob B. Weidmant Doe. 13, 1813. Ebenezer Wright Mav 11, 1814. John Wright April 8, 1819. Henry Woodward April 3, 1820. Charles Witman Aug. 11, 1821. John Salter Wharton Aug. 5, 1822. Wait Whitney Aug. 2,1826. Daniel Whitney Aug. 7, 1827. John Weidmant Nov. 9, 1842. Addison T. Weidle Aug. 3, 1847. John Williamson May 21,18.56. Grant Weidman* Aug. 23, 1861. Jacob Weidle, Jr Jan. 8, 1864. John H. Weiss Aug. 20, 1867. Jonathan Wright March 1, 1869. Mason Weidman April 11, 1870. Amos B. Wanner Feb. 21. 1873. J. Nelson Wisiier March 1, 1876. J. M. Wiestling Ian. 6, 1880. John B. ■«'itmer* Nov. 13,1882. Thomas D.Yeager Jan. 12, 1874. John W, Young April 26, 1879. Charles M. Zerbe* Aug. 20,1866. CHAPTER XIII. Internal Improvements — The Union Canal— Remonstrance of Inhabi- tants against Increasing Power of Corporations — Railroads — Turn- pikes. The State of Pennsylvania is justly entitled to the credit of having first directed public attention to canals and turnpikes in the United States. David Eittenhouse, the astronomer, and William Smith, D.D., provost of the University of Pennsylvania, were the first movers in the matter. Afterwards Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution, and still later Robert Fulton, the engineer, — of whom Pennsylvania is justly proud, — lent their powerful assistance. In 1792, David Rittenhouse and Dr. William Smith surveyed a route for a canal to con- nect the waters of the Susquehanna and Schuylkill Rivers by means of the Swatara and Tulpehocken Creeks. The Union Canal, which has since accom- plished this object, passes over a portion of this route, the first which was surveyed for a canal in the colo- nies. The views of the projectors of this work were, if the difficulties of the period be considered, far more gigantic and surprising than have been entertained by their successors in any part of the Union. They contemplated nothing less than a junction of the east- ern and western waters of Lake Erie and of the Ohio with the Delaware on a route extending five hundred and eighty-two miles. The Allegheny Mountain was wisely deemed to offer an insuperable obstacle to a continuous navigation. A portage over this section was accordingly recommended, — an expedient which at a later day was compelled to be adopted. To con- sider the enterprise of that age, we should remember that the great valley of the -Ohio and Mississippi was almost one boundless forest, uninhabited save by the HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. morose and treacherous Indian. Attainable money- capital was then almost unknown in the vocabulary of those days. No canal was then in existence in England, Sankey Brook and the Duke of Bridgewa- ter's being yet unfinished. Public opinion even then had yet to learn that canals were not visionary under- takings. The sneers of many were to be encountered. Nevertheless, under all these discouragements, the earliest advocates for inland navigation commenced th'fiir labors in Pennsylvania. As early as 1760 they induced the American Philosophical Society to order a survey for a canal to connect the Chesapeake Bay with the Delaware. The Provincial Assembly at the same time authorized a survey on a route extending five hundred and eighty-two miles to Pittsburgh, and this survey was partially by the route of the Tulpe- hocken and Swatara Creeks. This survey was made and a report followed strongly recommending the execution of the project. The adoption of the plan was postponed in consequence of the Revolution. After the termination of that struggle several works were commenced in North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. The canal through the Dismal Swamp, connecting the Chesapeake Bay and Albe- marle Sound with the works on the Potomac, James, and Rappahannock Rivers, were commenced and partially finished between 1786 and 1791. The great project of Pennsylvania was allowed to slumber until Sept. 29, 1791, about a century after William Penn's first prophetic intimation, when the Legislature in- corporated a company to connect the Susquehanna with the Schuylkill by a canal and slack-water navi- gation. Robert Morris, David Rittenhouse, Dr. Wil- liam Smith, Tench Francis, and others, were named as commissioners. The intention of connecting tlie ea.stern and northwestern parts of the State is dis- tinctly expressed in this, and in the subsequent act of April 10, 1792. Work was commenced on lands be- tween Lebanon and Myerstown in 1794. By the terms of this last act a company was formed to effect a junction of the Delaware with the Schuylkill River, by a canal extending from Norristown to Philadel- phia, a distance of seventeen miles. The Schuylkill River from the former city to Reading was to be tem- porarily improved, and thus form with the works of the Susquehanna and Schuylkill Company an un- interrupted communication of water with the interior of the State, with the intention of extending the chain to Erie and the Ohio. Experience soon con- vinced the two companies that a greater length of canal was necessary in consequence of the diflSculties of improving the channels of the rivers, hence the company last mentioned determined, in compliance with the suggestion of Mr. Weston, a British engi- neer, whom they had employed, to extend their canal from river to river, a distance of seventy miles. In conjunction with the former company they nearly completed fifteen miles of the most diflScult parts of the two works, comprising much rock excavation. heavy embankment, extensive deep cuttings, and sev- eral locks, which were constructed of brick. In con- sequence of the commercial difiiculties, in which it is known that some of the chief stockholders were shortly after involved, both companies were com- pelled to suspend their operations, after the expendi- ture of four hundred and forty thousand dollars. The suspension of these works, and subsequently of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, had a most dis- astrous effect on every similar work which was pro- jected for many years afterwards. Frequent abortive attempts were made from 1794 to resume operations, and notwithstanding the subscription of three hun- dred thousand dollars stock, subsequently tendered by the State, these companies continued a mere lan- guishing existence. About this period earnest protests were sent to the Legislature, one of which, numerously signed by in- habitants of Lebanon County, herewith given, goes to show that at that early day the power of great cor- ' porations was to be feared, and which we in this year of grace one thousand eight hundred and eighty-three are feeling the serious effects of. Our ancestors were wise thinking no doubt, but only saw the evil and little of the good. " The Bemomirance of the subscribers^ yeomen, and citizem of Penrui. respect- fvUy ehoweth : "That it IB declared by the Constitution of onr country, that 'the Citizens have right, in a peaceable manner, to assemble together for fhoir common good, and to apply to those invested with the power of government, for redress of grievances, or other purposes, by petition, address or remonstrance.' Supported by this authority, and as free citi- zens of an independent commonwealth, we consider that the right of giving our opinion on public measures, is sufficient to impose on us the duty of calling your attention to several laws, by which a few wealthy and powerful citizens have been embodied, and are authorized to dig Canals and make Turnpike Roads, for their private emolument, to the destruction of public and private property. Should those laws not be repealed, but become precedents to similar laws, the liberties of the people will be destroyed by incorporated companies enjoying partial and dangerous privileges. " We consider that under every legal government, whether the sov- ereign power is exercised by a king, by an aristocracy, or by a popular assembly, the People are entitled, to be protected in their lives and properties. The social compact ensures those rights, and at the same time establishes a perfect equality among citizens, that as all lay them- selves under the same obligations, and make the same saoriflces to society all ought to enjoy the same privileges. Laws made contrary to these fundamental principles, are made in violation of that duty which the Legislature owes to the People, and therefore must be regarded as arbi- trary and unjust. A nation is obliged to preserve every one of its mem- bers. The nation owes this to itself, since the loss even of one of ita members weakens it, and is injurious to its own preservation. Those who compose a nation are united for their defence and common advan- tage, and none can be justly deprived of the protection of the union, or of the advantages which flow from it, whilst he acts the part of a good citizen. If the government has a right to take one acre of the property of the farmer, without his consent, and bestow it for the advantage of a privileged company of citizens, it has the same right to deprive him of his whole farm. In whatever country or under whatever form of gov- ernment such an abuse of power is exercised, there can only exist mas- tors and slavea,-The theory of such a government is falsehood and mockery— the practice is oppression. Nothing appears more absurd, than to esteem any act right and just, merel;, because it has the sanction of the Legislature: If our rights have no other foundation, they are as insecure a^ under the most despotic monarchy. What encouragement to agricultural improvements, if the property of the farmer is at any time at the absolute disposal of others?— If that power which, when re- strained within its just bounds, would dispense light and heat to the GENERAL HISTORY. 63 whole country, may be employed like a devouring flame to destroy ?— It is a matter of the first importance to a free commonwealth, to have the powers of the legislature defined with precision. We do not think it necessary to enquire into the extent of this power. The history of gov- ernments will furnish nothing satisfactory on this subject. In the dis- putes between sovereigns and the people, recourse is commonly had to history, to seek in the decisions and in the ancient customs of nations, examples or facts to regulate the judgment, but these histories, often dictated by fear or flattery, exhibit little more than the most horrid abuses and oppressions on the part of the sovereigns, and the too ineffec- tual struggles of the people to preserve their liberties. " There does not exist a country in which the just limits of the sov- ereign and the rights of the people have been preserved. But it is not to the customs, to the examples, nor even to the concessions of other nations, to which we appeal on the present question ; it is to tlie unalien- able rights of the people, it is to reason, it is to justice, it is to the enlight- ened understanding of the representatives of a free people. "We observe, with great anxiety, wealthy incorporated compa- nies taking possession of public and private property. The outrages committed by those privileged orders have already occasioned several hundred of our fellow-citizens to appeal to the legislature for redress. The inequality introduced by such establishments must destroy the liberties of our country. No observation is better supported than this that a country cannot long preserve its liberty where a great ine- quality of property takes place. Is it not, therefore, the most danger- ous policy in this infant republic to combine the wealthy in order to make them powerful? Whilst we contend for an equality of rights we have no idea of the justice of an equal division of property. We know that a difference will always take place in society according to the physical and acquired abilities of its members, and this inequality, so far fl'om being a source of evil, is the true basis of public prosperity. It invites the members of the same society mutually to assist each other, according to their various abilities. This mutual exchange of good offices is destroyed and the commonwealth endangered whenever, by arbitrary and partial laws, a few men are incorporated and made suffi- cieutly powerful by privileges and wealth to purchase or to destroy the property and rights of their fellow-citizens. "Influenced by these principles, and engaged in an occupation not only necessary to the existence of our country, but which we know to be productive in proportion to the liberty, independence, and security of tile farmer, we trust that the legislature will neither think our request unreasonable or unjust, when we pray to have those obnoxious laws re- pealed, by the authority of which companies have been incorporated to dig canals and make turnpike roads, to the injury of public and private property. "An act of this kind, however it might be censured by a few inter- ested individuals, would not only be consistent with the strictest prin- ciples of justice, but supported by precedent. "Vattel observes that the prince or superior of the society, whatever he is, being naturally no more than the administrator, and not the proprietor of the State, his authority as sovereign or head of the nation, does not of itself give him a right to alienate or dispose of the public prope^-ty . The general rule, then, is that the superior cannot dispose of the public property as to its sub- stance. If the superior makes use of this property, the alienation he makes of it will be invalid, and may at any time be revolted by his succes- sor, or by the nation. This is the law commonly received in France, and it was npon this principle that the duke of Sulley advised Henry IV. to resume the possession of all the domains of the crown, alienated by liis predecessors. The records of the legislature of our own country afford an honorable instance of substantial Justice in the restoration of private property taken from its owners by law. On the memorial of Dr. Wil- liam Smith and others, trustees of the college, academy, and charitable school of Philadelphia, a law was enacted by which the former law was repealed, and the property restored to the owners." Notwithstanding such vigorous protests, the march of internal improvements kept on. In 1811 the two canal companies were united and reorganized as the Union Canal Company, with special authority to ex- tend their canal from Philadelphia to Lake Erie, with the privilege of making such further extension in any other part of the State as they might deem ex- pedient. In 1819 and 1821 the State granted further aid by a guarantee of interest and a monopoly of the lottery privilege. The additional subscriptions obtained in consequence of this legislative encourage- ment, enabled the managers to resume operations in 1821. The line was relocated, the dimensions of the canal changed, and the whole work finished in about six years from this period, after thirty-seven years had elapsed from the commencement of the work, and sixty-five from the date of the first survey. It was completed in 1827, and the first boat, the " Alpha, of Tulpehocken," passed Lebanon on its way westward. Up to 1828, one million six hundred thousand dollars had been expended in the construc- tion of the work, in addition to the proceeds of the lotteries, and excluding the sums expended on the old work. The main line of the canal is seventy-nine miles in length from Middletown on the Susquehanna, where it connects with the Pennsylvania Canal, to a point a short distance below Reading, where it joins the works of the Schuylkill Navigation Company. There is also a navigable feeder seven miles in length called the Swatara Feeder. The summit is six miles and seventy-eight chains (between the Swatara and Tulpe- hocken) in length, extending two miles east of Leba- non, and about four west. It passes over a limestone district, and much deep excavation in the rock was required. In consequence of the many fissures which abound in limestone rocks, the usual experiment of puddling did not succeed in retaining water in the summit, and after many experiments it was found necessary to plank this section throughout. The descent to the Schuylkill, accomplished with fifty-four locks, is three hundred and seven feet ; to the Susquehanna, with thirty-four locks, one hundred and ninety-three feet. At the western end of the summit is a tunnel, seven hundred and twenty-nine feet in length, excavated in solid rock, and this was the j^rsi tunnel constructed in the United States. The summit was filled with water pumped from the Quita- pohiDa and Swatara Creeks, to an elevation sufiicient to carry it through feeders, that from the Quitapo- hilla being half a mile in length and near Lebanon ; and the one from the Swatara about three miles in length, the Union Water-works being about five miles from Lebanon. The canal, as first constructed for boats of twenty-five tons, excluded most of the boats plying on the State Works, but from 1853 to 1857, it was enlarged. The planking was also re- moved from the summit, and the old plan of puddling resorted to. There was still a scarcity of water, until 1866, when three large reservoirs were constructed north of the canal, two near Lebanon, and one near Myerstown. They were projected by L. E. Hynicka, the then efficient superintendent of the canal, and answered the purpose so well, that it is contemplated to erect additional ones, and thus the necessity of using any pumping machinery whatever was avoided. This canal, as previously noted, was the first con- structed in America, and as the pioneer work of the 64 HISTOKY OP LEBANON COUNTY. country, it certainly was an enterprise of stupendous magnitude. Identical with the completion and opera- tion of this maritime highway is much of the material prosperity, not only of Lebanon, but of the whole coun- try, due ; and from that time dates the steady growth in population and agricultural wealth which has made Lebanon County what it is. In this era of railroads it may have lost its commercial preponderance, but nothing can alter the fact that its projectors haVfe done more for Lebanon County in the past than any other person or persons, nor take from them the honor of having laid the "corner-stone" of the prosperity of the sections through which the canal passes. The Philadelphia and Reading and the Lebanon Val- ley Railroads. — The Philadelphia and Reading may well be called the pioneer railroad of Pennsylvania. The company was chartered by the Legislature, April 4, 1833, to build a road from Philadelphia to Read- ing, a distance of fifty-eight miles. In 1835 work was commenced, and portions of the road were open for travel in 1838. During this year authority was obtained to extend the road from Mount Carbon to Pottsville. These points were already connected by the Mount Carbon Railroad, and it was decided to extend the road to connect therewith. The Mount Carbon Railroad was leased in 1872, when it became a part of the main line. The first through trains between Philadelphia and Pottsville — ninety-three miles— were run early in 1842, although local trains were run in 1838. The branch from the Falls of the Schuylkill to Port Richmond, from which shipments of coal are made, was completed in 1842. Since then over sixty mil- lion tons of coal have been shipped from that point, principally for consumption in the Eastern and Mid- dle States. In 1850 the company bought extensive properties of the State, situated in Philadelphia. The Lebanon Valley Railroad, fifty-four miles long, extending from Reading to Harrisburg, came under their control in 1858. This road passes through the entire county of Lebanon, east and west, and, since it came under the management of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, has been extensively im- proved. Not only has it become a great thorough- fare for a constantly increasing travel, but it has done much to improve and benefit the country through which it passes. With the increased facili- ties for rapid transportation which it has given Leb- anon it has become an important manufacturing town, with an increased and largely-increasing population. Villages have sprung up around its stations. Rich- land, Avon, and Prescott perhaps owe their existence as villages, and certainly their thrift and prosperity, to the Lebanon Valley Railroad, a branch of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. Palmyra, Ann- ville, Myerstown, and Sheridan have become busi- ness places of great importance, and their increased trade passing over the lines of this company is yearly increasing its already immense traflfic. The Lebanon and Tremont Railroad, forty-two miles in length, ex- tending from Lebanon to Tremont, is also under their management, and over its lines large quantities of coal pass, which are. annually needed in the manufacture of iron, lime, and brick, as well as for domestic uses and various other manufacturing purposes. The country along its line is also rapidly improving. Although not so long a time having elapsed since it was open to travel, the improvements are not so marked as along the Lebanon Valley line, which has been opened a much longer time. Both the Lebanon Valley and Lebanon and Tremont Railroads connect at Lebanon with the Cornwall Railroad, extending to Cornwall, where immense furnaces exist, which an- nually consume large quantities of anthracite coal, brought over the line of the Lebanon and Tremont Railroad. At Jonestown this road intersects the South Mountain Railroad. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad has a perpetual lease on the canal of the Schuylkill Navigation Company, one hundred and eight miles in length, and also on the Susque- hanna and Tidewater Canal, on the Susquehanna River. Their chief business is the transportation of coal from the first and second anthracite coal-fields of Pennsylvania to tide-water, in the Delaware River, at Port Richmond, Philadelphia. At this point, its east- ern terminus, extensive wharves extending from three hundred to eight hundred feet into the Delaware River have been erected, allowing a direct discharge of coal into the vessels. The Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company own and control about one hun- dred thousand acres of anthracite coal lands. The company conduct a large express business on the railroad, and have some one hundred and fifty offices, from which a fine profit is annually realized. Their immense business requires five hundred locomotive engines. The railroads owned and leased by the Philadelphia and Reading company aggregate, with sidings, over fifteen hundred miles. South Mountain Railroad. — Among the great enter- prises of the past decade, the South Mountain Rail- road is deservedly entitled to a high rank. It was near the flourishing borough of Jonestown that the first shovelful of earth was thrown, and from that small beginning has grown steadily each new feature of this great undertaking, until from possibility has grown probability, certainty, until all through the fertile valleys of Dauphin and Lebanon, the rich agricultural lands of Berks and Lehigh, the exhaust- less slate regions of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and still through the great deposits of iron and zinc in Northern New Jersey and Southern New York, with the rich dairy country stretching from the Delaware to the Hudson, the links of that great chain which, when finished, will join the commercial cities of the Eastern and Middle States in still stronger bonds. The first president of this road was William H. Bell, and among its directors were some of the leading men of the county. It commences at Har-' GENERAL HISTORY. 65 risburg and pursues a northeasterly course. Part of the way as the South Mountain, and part of the way under other names, but all of the way under the Jonestown management to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where it connects with the direct eastern roads to Boston. The principal office is at Jonestown. The Schuylkill and Susgtieha?ina Railroad passes through Cold Spring township in the northwestern part of the county, between the Second and Third Mountains. It was the first railroad constructed within the limits of the county, but as its name indi- cates, it establishes communication between Dauphin and Schuylkill, and has no real business relation to this county. The North Lebanon Railroad, about seven miles in length, from the North Lebanon Furnaces near Leb- anon borough to the ore banks at Cornwall, was constructed in 1854. It establishes a close communi- cation with the iron mines at Cornwall, and immense quantities of ore are brought over the road. The Lebanon and Tremont Railroad first started as the Pinegrove and Lancaster Railroad, runs from Leb- anon to Tremont, inclining to the northeast until entering Schuylkill County. The Railroads at Cornwall we- have referred to in the sketch relating to those great iron establishments. Turnpike Roads. — ^Some brief mention should be made of the old turnpike roads in the county. The Berks and Dauphin County Turnpike, usually known as the Harrisburg and Reading Turnpike, was commenced in 1816 and finished in 1817, at an aver- age cost of three thousand eight hundred. dollars per mile. It passes through the centre of the Lebanon Valley. The State aided this work by subscribing to its stock twenty-nine thousand nine hundred dollars. The Bowningtown, Ephrata and Harrisburg Turn- pike, generally called the " Horseshoe Pike," from its winding course through the counties of Lancaster, Lebanon, and Dauphin, was commenced in 1803 and completed in 1819. It runs through the southern part of Lebanon County, crossing the mountain from Lan- caster, and the greater part of its course is near the foot of the South Mountain. The Cornwall Plank-Road, from Lebanon to Corn- wall, was built in 1852. The planks have gradually been replaced by " piking," until it has become the " Cornwall Turnpike." CHAPTER XIV. The Wiir for the Union— The Services of Lebanon County in that Civil Conflict. Fifty years of peace was guaranteed the people of Lebanon, when the thunders of a great civil war awoke her people to loyalty and duty. We shall not enter fully into the causes which led to the great civil conflict of 1861-65, nor attempt to give a perfectly full record of the part which Lebanon County took in the struggle for the perpetuity of the Union. That there were causes of complaint on both sides — North as well as South — all will agree, and that it could have been settled inside instead of outside the Union, even those who once favored a Southern Confederacy now see also. But the sword is the great arbiter of events, and although good men on both sides counseled moderation, deplored the ex- pedient of war, the South, quick to passions and full of prejudices, took the initiatory step which led to a fearful struggle of fratricidal warfare. As early as Nov. 9, 1860, citizens of South Carolina attempted to seize Fort Moultrie. On the 11th of November, Senator Hammond, of South Carolina, contemptuously resigned his seat to become a mem- ber of the Southern Confederacy; and on the 18th of the same month (November) the Legislature of Georgia appropriated one million dollars to arm the State against the United States ; on the 10th of De- cember, 1860, Howell Cobb, Secretary of the Treas- ury, and Senator Clay, of Alabama, both resigned ; and on the 20th the South Carolina convention adopted a secession ordinance unanimously, and on December 24th all their members of Congress re- signed, while on the 27th of December, 1860, the State troops of South Carolina seized the govern- ment property in Charleston, and occupied Castle Pinckney and Fort Moultrie, and on the 30th took possession of the United States arsenal. All this occurred in the year A.d. 1860, and yet the national government and the North looked calmly on. On the 2d of January, 1861, Governor Ellis, of North Carolina, took possession of Fort Macon, and on the 3d the Georgia troops seized the United States arse- nal at Mount Vernon, on the 5th occupied Forts Morgan and Gaines, while on the 6th the Florida State troops captured Fort Marion, and on the 9th, in trying to supply Fort Sumter, the steamer " Star of the West" was fired upon by Confederate batteries and forced to retreat. And what did the North do then? Simply nothing. Encouraged by the supine- ness of the North, the State troops of North Caro- lina, on the 9th of January, 1861, seized Fort John- son, and on the following day Fort Caswell ; on the 11th the Louisiana troops seized Forts Philip, Jack- son, Pike, and Macomb, and the United States arse- nal at Baton Rouge ; on the 12th the Florida State troops took possession of the Pensacola navy yard and Forts Barrancas and McRea; on the 18th of January, Virginia appropriated one million dollars for defense ; on the 20th, Mississippi seized the forts on Ship Island ; on the 24th, Georgia took possession of the arsenal at Augusta, and on the 26th, of Ogle- thorpe Barracks and Fort Jackson ; on Feb. 1, 1861, Louisiana seized the United States mint and custom- house at New Orleans; on the 8th the arsenal at Little Rock, Ark., was seized, and Gen. Twiggs, on the 18th, surrendered to them one million two hun- 66 HISTOKY OP LEBANON COUNTY. dred thousand dollars worth of property in Texas ; on the 19th, Fort Kearney in Kansas was seized. On the 1st of March the Confederate government had got well under way at Charleston, and not one act to stop them. President Lincoln came into power on the 4th of March, 1861, and there was a lull for a time. Believing that the Northern people were by this time completely Overawed, on the 12th of April Gen. Beauregard opened fire upon Fort Sumter, which roused the indignation of the loyal North and stirred to the very depths the patriotism of all true lovers of our country, and that North as one man rose to avenge the insult to the flag and the integrity to the nation. In Lebanon County, as in every section of the free ' North, the enthusiasm of the loyal people was un- bounded, and the brief summary of fevents which is herewith given is from the eloquent pen of a repre- sentative man of the Lebanon Valley, William M. Bres- lin, editor of the Advertiser, and to him we give full credit for the facts which follow, presenting at the close a record of each organization so far as the infor- mation has come to our knowledge. "Lebanon County was not backward in responding to the universal feeling, and quickly girded on her armor. The first war meeting was held in the court- house, on the 18th of April, 1861, six days after the firing on Fort Sumter. ■ The meeting was called to order by David M. Karmany, was presided over by Charles B. Forney, and patriotic resolutions were re- ported by a committee, of which Dr. Cyrus D. Glon- inger was chairman. During the absence of the com- mittee the meeting was addressed by the enthusiastic and eloquent Rev. J. M. McCarter, who added addi- tional flame, if that was possible-, to the already aroused patriotism of the people. The spirit was there; but other things were also necessary for the emergency. Money and soldiers were needed, and both were forthcoming without stint. The military fund, subscribed on the spot, amounted to three thou- sand three hundred and sixty-five dollars, and sixty- one men volunteered to shoulder the musket and march forth to help crush treason. These sixty-one men formed the nucleus of Capt. John Ulrich's com- pany of three months' men. This company, named the Lebanon Guards, was quickly filled to its maxi- mum number, and organized by the election of ad- ditional oflBcers, and on Saturday, April 20th, pro- ceeded to Harrisburg and encamped in Camp Curtin. Then the first drawback to our embryo soldiers took place. There was an excess of twenty -seven men in the company, who were compelled to accept discharges.- Their patriotic ardor and military spirit soon found other organizations to enlist in. " Immediately after the departure of Capt. Ulrich's company, the Lebanon Cadets were raised by William M. Derr, and were immediately accepted by the Gov- ernor; but, owing to the large number of volunteers of proper age offering, their acceptance was with- drawn, much to the regret of all interested. Capt. Samuel R. Fauber, of Jonestown, recruited a com- pany in that section of the county ; and about the same time Capt. Elijah G. Lantz started the recruit- ing of the first company of three years' men. It was not only earnestness, but the utmost enthusiasm pre- vailed among all classes of people. The drum and fife were heard all day, and frequently half the night, gathering in recruits, and still further arousing the patriotism of the people, if that was possible. Flags were flung to the breeze, not only from the public buildings, but most private families displayed the stars and stripes in some manner, from the one-hun- dred-dollar silk down to the cheapest and common- est, but all in evidence of the patriotic feelings of the people. "County and borough meetings were held at an early day to provide for the support of the families of the sol- diers during their absence. Among the first of these meetings was one to request the county commission- ers to appropriate ten thousand dollars for that pur- pose. A committee was appointed, which waited upon the commissioners, and the appropriation was at once made. "Capt. Faber's company, which had not yet been accepted, proceeded to Harrisburg on the 8th of May, and offered their services, but were rejected. They returned home very much displeased with their bad success. Some of the members remained in Camp Curtin and enlisted in other companies. The reason for the rejection of Capt. Faber's company was not because of anything objectionable in its make-up, it being composed of good material, but because of the great superfluity of companies offering. There were already— on the 8th of May— on file in the military department at Harrisburg, ofiers of two hundred and eighty-three companies over and above the twenty- five regiments asked for by the Governor. Being thus supplied, no more could be accepted at that time. There was no lack of soldiers, but the great trouble was how to dispose of the superabundance of men who were not only ready and anxious to volunteer, but persistent in their demand to be enrolled. " The recruiting of Capt. Lantz's and Capt. Myers companies of three-years' men was completed by this time. The former was recruited principally from Cornwall, Londonderry, the Annvilles, and the bor- ough of Lebanon ; and the latter from Jackson and neighboring townships. Capt. Jerome Myers' com- pany, known as the 'Myerstown Rifles,' left Myers- town for Camp Curtin on May 10, 1861, and was ac- cepted on the 17th of May. Capt. Lantz's company was accepted the same day, and left for camp on the 26th of May. It was already seen by this time that the war was not likely to be brought to a close in ninety days, as was frequently announced, in high- toned bulletins, from headquarters at Washington. The 'On to Richmond' was not likely to be accom- plished by the three-months' men ; hence, to be on GENERAL HISTORY. 67 the safe side, the enlistments most desirable were for three years, unless sooner discharged. Oapts. Lantz's and Myers' companies were attached to the Pennsyl- vania Reserves, and did good service 'during the war, suffering terribly at times; but they never received the meed of praise to which they were entitled for their brave and arduous services. In addition to the many favors extended to them privately, the county commissioners made an appropriation of one dollar and twenty-five cents a week to the wife of a soldier, and fifty cents a week for each child. There was, be- sides, a relief fund, which was appropriated on ex- traordinary occasions. " Company G returned to Lebanon on the 25th of July, 1861, their term of service having expired, and they were honorably discharged. They were not en- gaged in any battle ; the battle of Bull Run, the first regular battle of the war, having taken place after the expiration of their term of service. " Upon the return of the Lebanon Guards, Gen. John Weidman, as honorable and patriotic a gentleman as Lebanon ever produced, started the recruiting of his cavalry company ; by the 29th of August had it ready for service; proceeded to Camp Curtin, and from there to Washington. " About the 24th of August the first steps were taken to organize what was looked upon by many as an im- possibility, — a Lebanon County regiment, — and which eventuated in the bullet-riddled Ninety-third. The first pubic meeting in regard to the matter was presided over by Dr. John W. Gloninger. The enthusiasm ran high, which was stirred to the boiling point by the crusadial appeals of the eloquent Rev. McCarter, who received authority in the beginning of September, 1861, to recruit a regiment in Lebanon County. Following Lebanon, meetings were also held in the various towns of the county, at which recruiting progressed rapidly. A camp was established on what was then known as the Fair Grounds, on the east side of Eighth Street, a short distance north of the railroad, the spot now partly taken up by the monument grounds. The recruited men were taken there, and immediately sworn in. Recruits poured in rapidly, and soon the Lebanon County regiment was an established fact. Organizations into companies were effected without delay, and a regimental stafi" elected. The original organization of the companies of the Ninety-third Regiment was as follows : " Perseverance No. 1, Company A, Capt. William M. Derr. "Union Zouaves, Company. B, Capt. John E. Ar- thur. " Quitopahilla Guards, Company C, Capt. William W. Murray. " Union Guards, Company D, Capt. John M. Mark. "Washington Guards, Company E, Capt; G. B. Shearer. " Perseverance Guards, Company F, Capt. John S. Long. " Coleman Rifles, Company G, Capt. Alexander C. Maitland. " Baldy Guards, Company H, Capt. Joseph F. Ram- sey. " McCarter Guards, Company I, Capt. D. J. Boyn- ton. " Annville Guards, Company K, Capt. Eli Daugh- erty. " Of these companies. A, C, D, F, and K, were ex- clusively Lebanon County companies ; although the others also contained large numbers of Lebanon County men. The titles of the companies were dropped upon mustering into the service; and there- after, in the history of the war, they were known by the number of the regiment and the letter of the company. The regiment being organized, the Per- severance Band, under the leadership of John Stan- ley, volunteered, was accepted, and attached to the Ninety-third Regiment. Thus tlie regiment was com- plete, and was known throughout the war as the Leb- anon County regiment. Although the Ninety-third contained quite a number of men from other counties, the fact is beyond dispute, that a full regiment was recruited from Lebanon County, and was actually in the service at this time. A history of the regiment is given with the rolls of the companies. At this period Capts. Lantz, Meyers, and Weidman each had a company of Lebanon County men in the field; Capt. Diehl's company of Reading Light Infantry had twenty -four Lebanon County men ; Capt. Shaef- fer's Company I, in the One Hundred and Seventh Regiment, was mostly compos%d of men recruited in Lebanon County ; thirty-nine Lebanon County men were also enlisted in Battery H, Third Regiment Heavy Artillery; all these, with the many individual enlistments in other regiments, swelled the number of Lebanon County three-years' men in the service far beyond the requirements of a regiment. But Lebanon County did not stop here, small as its terri- tory and population were. On every emergency call, no matter for what length of time, the people always responded, as Capt. Greenawalt's, Capt. Bossier's, Capt. Jeremiah Hoffman's, and other companies are full evidence. Squads of men were also raised and taken out of the county, of whom scarcely any note was made. As an instance of the heavy drain vol- unteering made upon the population, it may be men- tioned that at one time the then West Ward of the borough of Lebanon had furnished over one-half of its able-bodied men as volunteers. Every other man was a soldier in the service of his country. But even this was not all. The drafts came, and hundreds more were called for, and, willing or unwilling, had to respond. " Aside from the many individual operations, the organization in Lebanon, known as the Ladies' Aid Society, shipped in three months, from September, 1861, to January, 1862, to the hospitals and regiments bags, boxes, barrels, etc., of provisions and clothing 68 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. to th-e number of one thousand one hundred and sev- enty, weighing over twenty-one tons, all this exclu- sive of what was sent by express. In 1862, the county commissioners paid $37,657.51 for bounty and relief. This enormous sum was paid from the county treasury, and was independent of the large sums con- tributed by Lebanon borough, and the townships, and by individuals. In 1863, the amount contributed was about the same, but in 1864 money was expended with a lavishness that seems appalling at this day. The Relief Fund of the county was about $15,000, but the Bounty Fund amounted to the enormous sum of $207,355. The borough contributed the same year for bounty $35,307. The townships also expended large amounts for the same purpose. There is no full data of their expenditures, but from what we can glean, we are safe in saying that the people of Leb- anon County as individuals and in their respective corporate capacities expended for bounty and relief during the year 1864 not less than $500,000. " The peninsula campaign of 1862 coming to an end, the Rebellion had shown itself more formidable than had been anticipated; a great army had been re- pulsed, disorganized, if not in a great measure de- stroyed. More men were wanted. The President made a requisition for twenty-one new regiments of volunteers from Pennsylvania, to be forthcoming by the 15th of August, or, on failure of volunteers, to be supplied by draft. " The enemy became threatening, and without wait- ing for the volunteers, a draft of three hundred thou- sand men for nine moiiths' service was ordered on the 3d of August. The drum and fife were now again heard all d^y and far into the night, arousing the military spirit of the people. "Recruiting for Capt. Greenawalt's Guards com- menced on Friday morning, August 6th, and by Satur- day evening there were one hundred and thirty-nine names on the rolls. ' The same evening they left for Camp Curtin, were accepted, and the next day were sent to Washington. This company was emphati- cally a Lebanon company. They were attached to the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment, Col. W. W. Jennings, for a^roll and history of which see History of Dauphin County. A company called the Lebanon Valley Rifles, Capt William Fox, was raised partly in Lebanon and partly in Schuylkill Counties. Another company was raised in Jackson township by Capt. John H. Bossier, and was attached to the Buck- tail brigade. At the same time Capt. Jeremiah Hoif- man enlisted a company in Heidelberg township for three years' service. Londonderry and Bethel fur- nished squads in accordance with population, who joined similar squads of other places at Camp Curtin, where they were formed into companies. The Fred- ericksburg squad was under command of Lieut. Wil- liam J. Carver, and filled up a Crawford County com- pany; the Palmyra men were under command of Lieut. Jerome W. Henry, and joined a company un- der command of Capt. Ira B. Shepley, and were also attached to the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment. ^ " The times were ominous of disaster. Pope had made his headquarters in the saddle, and with his army was on the retreat towards Washington from the second battle of Bull Run, leaving thousands of dead and dying on the field. The wounded must be cared for ; nurses, hospital stores, and everything else for such an emergency was wanting. A meeting was promptly held in the court-house, when all our phy- sicians and twenty-five male nurses left for Washing- ton with the first train. But, notwithstanding the dead and the dying, the rebel armies were crossing the Po- tomac and threatening Pennsylvania. Our volunteers for three years, and for nine months, were being pushed forward to the aid of the defeated soldiers in the field as rapidly as possible ; but still more men were wanted if the nation's life was to be saved. " The President's requisition for three hundred thou- sand men was filled by draft and otherwise, — Lebanon County meeting its obligations by the otherwise, and thus avoided the draft for the time being, we having more men in the field than our requirement, which was considered very favorable and patriotic at the time. " State guards were also organized by request of the Governor. Lebanon furnished two such companies, — one under command of Capt. John Ulrich, and the other under command of Lieut. David C. Dissinger. About the same time Capt. William Tice, of Myers- town, organized a cavalry company, which was rapidly filled, and left for Harrisburg on the 17th of Septem- ber. Jonestown and neighborhood also furnished a full company, under command of Capt. George Meily. A detachment was also enlisted in Lebanon by Lieut. W. D. Ranck, for the One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment, or Third Regiment Heavy Artillery. They numbered thirty-nine men, under Lieut. John Light. Capt. Ulrich's company of State guards left for Har- risburg September 15th, and a cavalry company, or- ganized by Capt. D. M. Karmany, left September 17th. The former reached Hagerstown and the latter Cham- bersburg, when the enemy wisely retreated, and both companies returned to Lebanon, full of glory, within ten days of their departure. " The first draft in the county was made in the court- house, on the 22d of October, 1862, for four hundred men. The boroughs of Lebanon and North Lebanon, and the townships of Jackson, Cornwall, and Cold Spring were exempt,— they having furnished their quotas. The drafted men left for Harrisburg on the 30th of October, and were from thence sent on through. Baltimore and Washington to Norfolk, Va. These four hundred men were drafted from the body of the county, after the bone and sinew, to the number of over one thousand, had already gone to the front. These drafted men were looked upon as the light marines in the navy were looked upon,— to do a great GENERAL HISTORY. 69 deal of hard work and receive no credit, not even re- spect therefor. There were many casesof exceptional hardship among the drafted men, not because they were any the less brave, but that their circumstances and situations were such that they could not leave home or family without being subjected to great, if not ruinous, sacrifices. Hence the bounty for substi- tutes rose rapidly to five hundred, seven hundred, and one thousand dollars, and in some instances to one thousand five hundred dollars. The drafted men were placed in the One Hundred and Seventy-third Regiment, with Daniel Nagle as colonel, and Grant Weidman as major. Joseph E. Henry, then of Ann- ville, Elias E. Light, of Lebanon, and William B. Iba, of Heidelberg, became captains of their respective companies. "Companies E and F of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh returned to Lebanon on the 30th of May, 1863, their term of nine months' service having expired. Capt. Greenawalt's company lost but three men during its absence, — Gerberich and Zimmerman, who died, and Adam Carmany, supposed to have been tilled in the first battle of Fredericksburg. The com- pany received a public reception. " The defeat of the Union forces at Winchester, in June, 1863, opened the way for the enemy to make a raid into Pennsylvania, which they were not slow in taking advantage of They crossed the Potomac, and passed up the Cumberland Valley towards Harris- burg, carrying consternation and dismay not only throughout that section, but even to the counties ad- joining. A town-meeting was promptly held, as usual ; but, instead of resolutions, subscriptions and soldiers were necessary. Both were promptly raised, and, on June 17th, a company, under command of Capt. Greenawalt, left for Harrisburg, and was at- tached to the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regi- ment. This was, perhaps, the most momentous period for Lebanon Valley during the war. The great battle of Gettysburg was impending, in which, fortu- nately, the backbone of the Rebellion was so effec- tually fractured that they might as well have ceased resistance then and there, and thereby avoided the de- struction of many lives, the shedding of much blood, and the expenditure of vast sums of treasure for both sides. "The Governor issued a proclamation, calling for fifty thousand volunteer militia for the defense of Pennsyl- vania. The rebels occupied York and Wrightsville, and were advancing up the Cumberland Valley, almost unopposed, threatening Harrisburg. Gen. Knipe, in command of our forces at Carlisle, had been obliged to retire ; the rebel pickets were at Mechanicsburg, only nine miles from Harrisburg. Consternation seized the people of Lebanon to such an extent that a number of our merchants packed up their goods for removal, the banks hurried ofi" their money to New York, stores were closed, signs were burned or hid in the cellars, and business generally was suspended. " The militia called for by the Governor were rap- idly organized. Lebanon was deeply interested, and soon had a company organized, under command of Capt. John B. Einbich, which at once left for Read- ing (on the 29th of June), where the militia were formed into regiments. An East Hanover company, commanded by Capt. Stein, passed through Lebanon on the 30th. " A meeting was held in the court-house at which one dollar a day extra was offered for volunteers, and companies rapidly sprung up by squads, by tens, and by twenties. " Subsequently the commissioners also resolved that three dollars a week be paid for volunteers for ninety days. They also passed a resolution requesting a general suspension of business, and the publication of newspapers, so that the discussion of public questions might be avoided. "The great battle of Gettysburg was fought on the 1st, 2d, and 3d days of July, 1863. The rebels were defeated, obliged to leave the soil of Pennsylvania, and retire to the other side of the Potomac. There were not many Lebanon County soldiers engaged in that sanguinary conflict, but the casualties were, to our men, as usual, quite large. Capt. Sperry received his death-wound in that battle. Capt. Bossier, of Myeratown, of the One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiment, took fifty-six men into battle, brought out eleven, and was himself wounded. Company K, of the One Hundred and Forty-second, in which Jere- miah Hofiman was a lieutenant, went into actit)n with thirty-two men, and brought out eight. Lieut. Hoff- man was also seriously wounded. Capt. Tice and Lieut. George Focht were also badly wounded. " Capt. Greenawalt's company also met with severe reverses during the operations around Gettysburg. Some of his men were taken prisoners and marched ' on to Richmond,' but they all eventually returned to their homes. " Shortly after the battle of Gettysburg the President called for three hundred thousand men. Great efibrts were made to avoid them by volunteering, but they followed each other so rapidly that it became impos- sible to supply the men wanted in that manner. On the 23d of September a draft for eight hundred and forty-two men from this county was made at Potts- ville. Substitutes then came into great demand, and commanded a large premium. On the 17th of Octo- ber, less than a month after, another call was made by the President for ' three hundred thousand more,' which, if not supplied by the 5th of January by vol- unteers, a draft was again to be made. These three hundred thousand were intended to fill up the regi- ments in the field. Veterans received a bounty and premium of four hundred and two dollars ; others three hundred and two dollars. The draft was post- poned to the 15th of January, and then again post- poned, but on the 1st of February, 1864, a call was made for five hundred thousand men to serve for three 70 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. years or during the war. This was also postponed to the 1st of April, by which time the Lebanon County quotas were filled without drafting. On the 14th of March another draft for two hundred thousand men was ordered, to take place on the 15th of April. " On the 18th of July another draft for five hundred thousand men was ordered to be made in fifty days, if that number of volunteers should not be forth- coming in the mean time. On the 15th of September the one hundred days' men reached Harrisburg, and were paid off. About this time a company was raised in Lebanon by Capt. Jacob Weidle, which was at- tached to the Two Hundred and Ninth Eegiment as Company K. On the 20th of September the members of the Ninety-third who had not re-enlisted returned to their homes and were honorably discharged. On the 19th of December another draft for three hundred thousand more men was ordered to be made on the 15th of February. " On March 4th and 6th, 1865, the last draft took place. Five hundred and twenty-four men were drafted in this county, fifty-four from the borough. But the war was coming to a close, and the drafted men were never called upon for service. " On Monday, April 3, 1865, the shout went forth, — ' Richmond is taken ! The rebels are fleeing !' This was the result of five days' fighting in and around Petersburg. Although the good news electrified every Northern heart with joy and pleasure, it was also accompanied with great sorrow, for our losses in the great battles at the defenses of the beleaguered capital of the Confederacy were very heavy. " For the last time the Ninety-third passed through its ordeal of death and blood. Among the killed was Capt. George W. Mellinger. Col. Keller, Maj. Fritz, and Capt. Gruber were severely wounded. In the first battle at Petersburg the Ninety-third lost five killed and eighty-five wounded, and in the second three killed and twenty-five wounded. The Two Hundredth Eegiment, to which Capt. Hoffman's com- pany belonged, had two killed and fourteen wounded from this county. It was proper that the greatest honor of the war should have fallen to the Ninety- third, in payment for its terrible losses and sufferings. The Ninety-third was the first to break the enemy's centre at Petersburg, which led to the evacuation of Richmond, the surrender of Lee, and the close of the war. "On the 9th of April, Gen. Lee, the commander-in- chief of the rebel army, surrendered his forces, arms, ammunition, banners, and standards to Lieut.-Gen. Grant, commander of the Union armies, at Appo- mattox Court-House. The Rebellion was crushed, and the Union preserved in all its integrity. Joy reigned supreme all over the North, and many in the South were glad that the long and bloody struggle CHAPTER XV. The War for the Union (Continued) — Officers in other Begiments — Fifth Eegiment— Thirty-Sixth Regiment — Sixty-Fourth Regiment — Eighty-Seventh Regiment. As to the names of many officers and men who served in the Rebellion in various capacities we have ho means to obtain. We merely give those accessible. That there were others, both in the land and naval forces of the Union, we fully know, and it is a regret we experience at not being able to preserve the record of such in our history of the county. We would be pleased to have given a full history of each regiment wherein there was a Lebanon County company, but owing to the limits of this volume we have confiued our record to those commands where the principal companies were from this locality : TWENTr-EICHTH KeGIMENT. Assistant Surgeon — A. H. Light, May 9, 1864. Thirty-eighth Regiment. Assistmtt Surgeon— B. F. Akley, Feb. 5, 1864. Fiftieth Regiment. Cwptain, Cb. S— Richard Herbert, March 17, 1865; dlsch. Sept. 2, 1865; disability removed Oct. 26, 1865. Seventt-fifth Regiment. Asmtant Sv/rgeon — W. A. Barry^ March 17, 1863; pro. to Burg. 98th Pa. V. Jan. 27, 1864. Eightieth Regiment. Swgeon—J. L. Shirk, June 23, 1863 ; killed December 29th, by guerrillas at Bardstown, Ky. Eighty-third Regiment. Assistant Surgeon — Isaac Walborn, June 30, 1862 ; pro. to surg. I7th Pa. Cav., Dec. 13, 1862, Ninety-sixth Regiment. Assistant Surgeon — Samuel B. Light, Oct. 15, 1863. Ninety-eighth Regiment. Swgeon—W. A. Barry, Jan. 27, 1864. One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment. First Lieutenant — William M. Missimer, Oct. 20, 1861 ; honorably disch. Nov. 31, 1861. One Hundred and Sixty-second Regiment. Mqfor—Renhen Beindehl, Oct. 18, 1862; resigned Aug. 9, 1864. Surgeon — Isaac Walborn, Dec. 13, 1862 ; resigned Sept, 26, 1862. One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Regiment. Assistant Surgeon— J. B. Stearly, Oct. 30, 1862; resigned Feb. 28, 1863. One Hundred and Eighty-first Regiment. A66i8ta7it Surgeon—'WiWia.m Grumbein, Feb. 18, 1864 ; must, out with 1st Pa. Cav., July 13, 1861. One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Regiment. Adjuta/nt— Jerome W. Henry, April 19, 1864 ; must, out with regt. Aug, 3, 1865. Two Hundredth Regiment. Cki^tain, Co. F— Frank A. Hoffman, Sept. 1, 1864; app. brev. maj. March 25, 1865. Two Hundred and Eighth Regiment. Capiam, Co. C— William C. J. Smith, June 3, 1866. First Lieutenant — Alfred Crol, June 3, 1865. Second Lieutenani— William H. Bordner, June 3, 1863. Thirty-first Regiment ("Emergency"), 1863. Captain, Co. H—W. A. C. Oaka, June 18, 1863, 6th Regt. Pa. M., 1862. Assistant Surgeon — J, H. Nunemacher, Sept. 16, 1862. GENERAL HISTORY. 71 FIFTH EEGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. The Fifth Regiment, with which Capt. Ulrich's company was connected, was organized at Camp Cur- tin, on the 21st of April, 1861, by the choice of the following officers : R. P. McDowell, of Pittsburgh, colonel; Benjamin C. Christ, of Minersville, Schuyl- kill Co., lieutenant-colonel ; R. Bruce Petriken, of Huntingdon, major. William Spencer was designated by Col. McDowell as adjutant. The companies, of which the regiment was composed, were hastily re- cruited in various sections of the State, and were the result of that outburst of patriotism which was every- where manifested. With no opportunity for drill or company exercise of any kind, the raw recruits were marched to the State arsenal, where they drew their arms, the oldest regulation musket, and twenty rounds of cartridge, which, for want of accoutrements, were carried in their pockets. On the evening of the same day, April 21st, the regiment was placed on hoard a train of box cars, and moved down the Northern Central Railway in the direction of Baltimore ; but, during the night, the course of travel was reversed, and the next morning found the command again in Harrisburg. The train then moved to Philadelphia, where it arrived at four o'clock on the afternoon of the 22d. Two companies were here detailed to guard some steamboats in their passage through the Chesa- peake and Delaware Canal to Perryville. The re- maining companies moved on the following morning, by rail, for«the same destination. In the evening of the same day the regiment embarked on three steam- ers and proceeded to Annapolis, where it was quar- tered in the battery and boat-houses. Remaining on duty here till April 26th, it was ordered to march on the railway towards Annapolis Junction, with the ex- pectation that the column would be met by a train, on which it would be taken forward. But the train was found on the way off an embankment, where it had been precipitated by the malicious displacement of a rail. Arriving at the Junction, footsore and weary, it was placed in position to repel an attack, which, it was rumored, would be made during the night from Baltimore. The men slept on their arms, prepared for any emergency. On the following day, April 27th, it moved by rail to Washington, and was quartered in a building just back of the City Hall. Here it was visited by President Lincoln and Secre- tary Seward, each of whom spoke briefly, to the great gratification of the men. The regiment remained quartered in the city, en- gaged in drill and guard duty. On the 7th of May uniforms were received from the State of Pennsylva- nia. On Wednesday, the 29th, the command marched out about a mile east of the city of Washington, when, for the first time, it was placed in camp. In this camp, which was called Camp Washington, the regiment remained, engaged in drill, till the 28th, when it was ordered to Alexandria, Va., where, upon its arrival, it was quartered in the city. On the 3d of June it again went into camp near the foot of Shuter's Hill, where it was assigned to the brigade of Brig.-Gen. Irwin McDowell. A portion of the bri- gade was daily assigned to duty in Alexandria, as city police, and the remainder detailed for labor on Fort Ellsworth, then in process of construction. While stationed at Camp McDowell, the Fifth Regiment had a printing-press in camp, where sev- eral numbers of a large and well-executed newspaper were issued. It was headed the Pennsylvania Fifth. It was edited by John P. Ely, first lieutenant of Com- pany G, and was principally executed by members of that company. The original articles, and the com- munications from members of other regiments, were, for the most part, spirited, and were interlarded with wit and humor, well suited to the leisure of the camp. The Fiftji Regiment was transferred to the brigade commanded by Col. W. B. Franklin, previous to the advance of the army upon the enemy at Bull Run, but was ordered to remain on duty at Alexandria. Consequently it did not participate in the battle which ensued, and which resulted so disastrously to our arms. On the expiration of the term of service, the regiment was ordered to Harrisburg, where, on the 25th of July, the men were paid and honorably dis- charged. EOLL OF COMPANY G, FIFTH KEGIMENT, THESE MONTHS SEEVICE. EecruUed at Lebanon^ a/nd mustered in April 20, 1861. Ca])lain, John Ulrich. First Lieutenant. JohD P. Ely. Second Lieutenant. "William M. MisBeman. 1. Henry S. Eoebuck. 3. Lorenzo L. Barr. 1. Henry Schwartz, 3, John C, Lascomb. Abner W. Hartman. AUevein, Frank P. Boyer, Benjamin, Bechtold, Thomas, Beddinger, Joseph, Boyer, Jacob, Bolton, Amos S, Beamanderfer, John H. Brower, Jacob. Bowman, Joseph. Bowman, Levi S. Brooks, John C. Bealitz, Eussel W, Chin worth, George M. Carpenter, Aaron S. Carpenter, Frank, Corl, Abraham, Donavan, Michael, Doederline, August, Sergeants. 2, Jacob L. Ely. 1, John B. Embich, Corporah. 2, George K. Hesa, 4, Jacob Embich. Musicimt£. W, H, H. Embich, Privates. Dubb, John. Daugherty, Joseph U, Focht, John A. Focht, George W, Gilbert, Samuel W, Garret, Levi, Gerhard, John P. Hughes, Samuel L. Hummel, Frederick. Hornafuss, Cyrus. Holsberg, Daniel B, Heisey, John H, Knier, Henry L, Kennedy, Patrick, Keppley, Levi, Koch, William. Long, John, Lascomb, Samuel W, 72 HISTORY OF LEBANON COUNTY. LeiBey, John H. McMicbael, James A. McConnel, Casper. McKnight, Adam. Mellinger, George "W. McLain, Thomas. McKnight, Philip. McNair, Milton. Marquart, John A. Bobison, Peter. Eosenberger, Cyrus. Bogers, John E. Bamsey, Uriah. Bogers, Edmund B. Bamsey, William H. Bise, John. Rise, Heury G. Steiuer, Edwin. Shoop, Joseph. Snyder, Andrew. Strohm, Joseph J. B. Seabolt, John H. Shindle, John. Shay, Isaac E. Schnott, William. i TJrich, William. Whitmoyer, Frederick. Wagner, William. THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOL- UNTEERS. Recognizing the danger to which Pennsylvania was exposed, and finding that adequate provision did not exist by law to make the military power of the State available for its protection, Governor Curtin convened the Legislature in extra session on the 30th of April, 1861, to whom he recommended " the immediate or- ganization, disciplining, and arming of at least fifteen regiments of cavalry and infantry, exclusive of those called into the service of the United States.'' In compliance with the suggestions of the Executive an act was passed to provide for arming the State, and hence were organized the famous Reserve Corps of Pennsylvania, and of which the Thirty-Sixth Regi- ment was the seventh in number. Its fortunes were eventful, and it was one of those commands which from battle and disease was almost completely oblit- erated from the army rolls. The regiment participated in all the prominent battles of the war up to the commencement of the Wilderness campaign, its losses were heavy and disastrous. Its last campaign was in May, 1864. On the 2d of that month the regiment broke camp and advanced along the Rapidan, crossing on the following day, and encamped at night in the Wilderness, near the Chancellorsville battle-ground, the Reserves occupying the centre of the line. On the following morning, quite early, it was advanced about three miles, the First Brigade resting in an open field for an hour, when it marched to the right, was deployed and advanced into the woods, where it soon met the enemy, and the battle opened. The Second Regiment was immediately deployed and ad- vanced as skirmishers, while the Seventh and Eleventh were advanced in line of battle. Soon the skirmishers were driven in, but the enemy were met by our main force and routed, retreating into the woods in their rear. In moving forward through the dense forest in pursuit. Company B on the left, and also the right of the line, became detached from the body of the regi- ment, and failing to receive any orders to return or change its course pushed steadily on. Fired with patriotic ardor the men paused not, until suddenly they found the enemy closing in on their rear, with every avenue of retreat cut off. At first the firing from the rear was supposed to be from our own men, but this idea was soon dissipated by the appearance of the rebels. An effort was made to break through to the left, but was met by an unyielding resistance. The right was then tried and a detour made through the woods, but with like ill success. Finding that he had been the victim of a skillfully laid ambuscade, and that he was completely surrounded, Col. Bolinger was compelled to surrender, as further resistance would have involved a hopeless butchery of his men. But had they known the fate to which their inhuman captors were to subject them, they would doubtless have preferred slaughter upon the field to the endur- ance of the horrors of captivity which it was their lot to experience. Two hundred and seventy-two officers and men were captured, and were immediately marched to the rear of the rebel army at Orange Court-House, and thence to Lynchburg, Va. The enlisted men were speedily conveyed to' the infamous rebel prison-pen at Andersonville, Ga., and the ofBcers were sent to Macon, and were subsequently placed under fire of our guns at Charleston for the protec- tion of the city,— a novel naaterial for the bulwarks of a town in civilized warfare. The triumphant march of Sherman to the sea opened the miserable prisons of the captives after a confinement of seven months and twenty-three days, but long before relief came many had fallen victims of cruelty and starva- tion. Of the privates, sixty-seveti died at Anderson- ville, a much larger number doubtless at Florence, not ascertained, while many expired on their way home, and others have died lingering deaths, the results of exposure and privation. The sad and unlooked for event of the capture of nearly the entire regiment, from no fault of any of its pificers, but happening in the chances of war at the very threshold of Gen. Grant's campaign, terminated its military career. Capt. Samuel B. King, of Company H, who had been relieved, at his own request, on the day on which the battle of the Wildernefs was fought, from recruiting service in Pennsylvania, returned to the division and was assigned to the command of those who escaped capture and the recruits, in all numbering one hundred and ten. This miniature battalion, the representative of the regiment, had its place in the brigade and participated in the desperate fighting which ensued up to the expiration of its term of service, when, with the division, it was ordered to proceed to Harrisburg, where on its arrival an enthu- siastic welcome from the Governor and military authorities awaited it. BOLL OF COMPANY C, THIETY.SIXTH BEGIMENT, SEVENTH EESEBVE, THBEB YEARS' SEBVIOE. Becj-iiitedm Lebanon County. Captains. Elijah G. Lantz, April 24, 1861 ; dismissed April 27, 1862. Levi G. McCauley, June 13, 1861 ; pro. to Isl lieut. Jan. 1, 1862 ; to capt. July 20, 1863 ; wounded with loss of arm June 30, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps Deo. 8, 1863. Captain. Klias Livengood, May 27, 1861 ; disoh. Nov. 7, 1861. GENERAL HISTORY. 73 Mrst Lieutenmit. ^ B. H. A. Snowblte, May 27, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Not. 10, 1862; to 1st lieiit. July 2(1, 1863 ; brev. capt. March 13, 1866 ; captured May 6, 1864 ; disch. March 12, 1865. Second Lieutencmls. James Vanstavoren, May 27,1861; disch. Nov. 7, 1861. Harrison H, Lantz, May 27, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Nov. 7, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 10, 1862. James Cunningham, May 27, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. April 30, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. Nov. 10, 1862 ; to 2d lieut. July 20, 1863 ; brev. Ist lieut. March 13, 1866 ; captured May 6, 1864 ; disch. March 12, 1866. lfH7-Bt Sergeant. Peter Leininger, May 27, 1861 ; pro. to Ist sergt. Aug. 1, 1863 ; missing in action at Wilderness, May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Mwin M.Hotfman, May 27, 1861; pro. to Corp. March 26, 1862; to sergt. Aug. 1, 1863 ; must, out with company June 16, 1864. John B. Siegrist, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., Feb. 17, 1863. William H. Hank, May 27, 1861; trans, to 190lh Begt. P. T., May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Michael Wagner, May 27, 1851 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Alexander Bates, May 27, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. May 26, 1863 ; disch. Feb. 27, 1866. GoKporala. Madison 0. Lantz, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 8, 1862. John H. Fox, May 27, 1861 ; prisoner from May 6, 1864, to Feb. 27, 1865 ; disch. March 27, 1866. Cornelius Carmany, May 27, 1861; prisoner from May 6, 1864, to March 4, 1866 ; disch. April 1, 1866. William Cunningham, May 27, 1861 ; captured May 6, 1864 ; must, out May 18, 1866. Andrew M. Landis, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness, May 6, 1864 ; veteran. MusicicmB. Allison Shutter, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 2, 1863. Daniel Bentz, May 27, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V., May 31, 1864; veteran. Privates. Aures, John, May 27, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps Jan. 14, 1864. Alexander, James C, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864, Aderbold, Frederick, May 27, 1861 ; died of wounds Nov. 19, 1862, at Frederick. AuU, Henry, May 27, 1861 ; died at Camp Pierpont, Va., Dec. 17, 1861. Arndt, Jacob, May, 27, 1861. Anderson, James C, May 27, 1861 ; must, out with company June 16, 1864. Berkheiser,- Jacob, May 27, 1861 ; must, out with company June 16, 1864. Bomgardner, Nicholas, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 1, 1862. Boyer, Henry, Aug, 27, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 16, 1863. Beamensderfer, Henry, May 27, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V., May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Blanksby. James, May 27, 1861 ; died at Savage Station, Ya., of wounds received July 1, 1862. Berkheiser, Nicholas, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 15, 1863. Curry, Thomas, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan . 30, 1863. Carmany, John, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 27, 1863. Cambell, James, May 27, 1861 ; discii. on surg, certif. Aug. 18, 1863. Clouser, Jacob, May .27, 1861; prisoner from May 6, 1864, to March 1, 1866 ; disch. March 27, 1866. Cook, Michael, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864; veteran. Curry, Levi, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Oassidy, Patrick, July 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Colbeok, George, May 27, 1861. Doling, John, Aug. 27, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps, Dec. 7, 1863. Dillman, Henry, May 27, 1861 ; prisoner ; died at Eichmond, Va., Jan. 8, 1863 ; burial record, Jan. 2, 1862. Early, Benjamin F., May 27, 1861 ; prisoner from May 5, 1864, to March 3, 1865 ; disch. April 8, 1865. Bisenhauer, Wm., May 27, 1861; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864; veteran. Blfsman, Max, May 27, 1861 ; drowned near Fortress Monroe Aug. 16, 1862. Frederick, Michael, May 27, 1861 ; must, out with company June 16, 1864. Foerster, Frederick, May 27, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Coi-ps Jan. 14, 1864. Fox, Edward, May 27,1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Oct. 18, 1862. Fulmer, Wendling, May 27, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Begt. P. V., May 3, 1864 ; veteran. Gross, William, May 37, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 2, 1863. Geesey, Henry, Aug. 20, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 3, 1863. Good, Josiah, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action May 30, 1864 ; veteran. Gensler, John, May 27, 1861 ; killed at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Gardner, Joseph, May 27, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain Sept.14,1862. Gheistwite, Abram, May 27, 1861 ; deserted March 14, 1862. Hinkle, Thomas, July 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 31, 1862. Hinkle, Jonas, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864, Hornberger, G., May 27, 1861; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran . Haas, Adam T., May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Heagy, Peter, May 27, 1861 ; died at Washington Jan. 29, 1863, of wounds; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. Hoy, James, May 27, 1861. Keefer, Daniel, May 27, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 29, 1862. Knoch, Augustus F., May 27, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. April 21, 1862. Karstetter, Jacob, May 31, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 15, 1862. Kash, Henry, July 23, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. May 23, 1863. Keesey, William, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864; veteran. Kohlin, Joseph, May 28, 1861; missing in action at Charles City Cross Eoads, June 30, 1862. Koch, Alexander, Sept. 1, 1862. Lynch, John, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 8, 1862. Longnecker, J. B,, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg, certif, Nov. 8, 1862. Lantz, William, May 27, 1861 ; captured May 6, 1864 ; died at Anderson- ville, Oct. 21, 1864; grave 11,265. Lantz, Johu C, Jan. 29, 1862; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Lorah, Henry, May 27, 1861 ; died at Camp T6nally,Md., Sept. IS, 1861. Lascomb, Samuel W., Aug. 20, 1861; killed at Charles City Cross-Eoads, June 30, 1862. Myers, James, May 27, 1861 ; must, out with company June 16, 1864. McOauley, James N., July 8, 1861 ; disch. July 8, 1863. Miller, Everhart, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif, April 21, 1862. Miller, Eobert, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Miller, Henry, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Miller, Samuel P., Jan. 29, 1862 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Mellinger, John H., May 27, 1861 ; captured May 6, 1864 ; died at An- dersonville Sept. 1, 1864; grave 7512. Menkell, 0. F. A., Sept. 8, 1862 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Miller, Heinrich, May 27, 1861; died Aug. 20, 1862; buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery, York, Pa. Owens, Charles, May 27, 1861, must, out with company June 16, 1864. Oaks, William, Aug, 20, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 7, 1862. Peffly, Joseph, Jan. 29, 1862 ; prisoner from May 6, 1864, to Feb. 26, 1865 ; disch. July 8,1866; veteran. Plaster, Jacob, May 27, 1831 ; killed at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Eettner, George, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 23, 1863. Eeadinger, David, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Eiegal, Daniel, Sept. 10, 1862 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Eyan, Peter, June 7, 1861 ; missing in action at Charles City Cross- Koads, June 30, 1862. Eitter, William, May 27, 1861 ; dismissed by court-martial at Camp Curtin ; date unknown. 74 HISTOEY OF LEBANON COUNTY. Stabel, Charles, May 27, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 8, 1862. Snyder, John, May 27, 1861 ; diBch. on surg. certif. Deo. 30,.18e2. Shott, William, May 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg, certif. Nov. 6, 1863. Shultz, Daniel, May 27, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Shepler, William, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Stoever, Edward, May 27, 1861; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864; veteran. Sherk, Milton, July 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Stark, Martin N., May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Strausberger, Charles, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Spancake, Leonard, Aug. 29, 1862; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Small, Benjamin F., May 27, 1861 ; died at Baltimore, Feb. 17, 1864. Selby, Edward, May 27, 1861. Trafford, Samnel B., May 27, 1861 ; prisoner from May 6, 1864, to March 1, 1866 ; disch. March 27, 1865. Uhler, Reuben D., May 27, 1861; killed at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Wagner, John F., May 27, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 6, 1862. Whitman, Henry, May 27, 1861; trans, to -igoth Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Weik, Ellas, May 27, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Waite, William, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; veteran. Weik, Thomas, Feb. 5, 1864; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Weik, Henry, Feb. 10, 1864; missing in action atBethesda Church May 30, 1864. Warner, Joseph, Aug. 26, 1862 ; prisoner from May 6, 1854, to April 9, 1865 ; disch. May 30, 1866. Wittell, John H., May 27, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Whitehall, John, not on must.-out roll. Toung, Jeremiah, Jan. 29, 1862; missing in action at Wilderness May 6,1864; veteran. Tecum, Cyras, Aug. 20, 1862 ; missing in. action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Toung, William, May 27, 1861 ; missing in action at Mechanicsville June 26, 1862. KOLL OF COMPANT I, THIETT-SIXTH REGIMENT, SEVENTH RESERVE (THREE TEARS' SERVICE). Becruited in Berks and Lebanon Counties. Captains. Jerome Myers, May 10, 1861 ; res. Nov. 3, 1861. Joseph G. Holmes, May 10, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut. June 14, 1861 ; to capt. Nov. 7, 1861 ; dismissed April 12, 1862. First Lieiitenauis. William J. Harvey, Oct. 16, 1861 ; pro. to adjt. Nov. 20, 1861. Edward P. Zinn, May 28, 1861 ; pi-o. to 2d lieut. April 7, 1862 ; to 1st lieut. July 6, 1862; to capt. Co. K, March 1, 1863. Aaron P. Zeigler, May 28, 1861< pro. to Ist sergt. July 1, 1862 ; to Ist lieut. March 1, 1863; brevet capt. March 13, 1866 ; captured May 5, 1864; disch. March 12, 1865. Second Jjieutenanls. J. H. G. Marquette, May 20, 1861 ; dismissed March 11, 1862. William Harmon, June 1, 1861; pro. to 2d lieut. Julyl, 1862; dismissed Sept. 16, 1862. David V. B. Rainier, Juno 13, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. July 1, 1862; to 2d lieut. March 1, 1863 ; must out with company June 16, 1864. First Sergeant. Thomas B. Rush, June 13, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Sept. 1, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. Nov. 26, 1862 ; missing in action May 6, 1864. Edward F. Smith, May 26, 1861 ; wounded Juno 30, 1862 ; disch. on sur- geon's certif. March 5, 1863. William R. Smith, July 7, 1861 ;. pro. to sergt. July 1, 1862 ; woundedaf , South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862 ; disch. on surgeon's certif. February, 1863. Peter S. Haintz, July 7, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1862 ; to sergt Dec. 13, 1862 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864. William Van Camp, May 26, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Aug. 6, 1862; to sergt. Dec, 13, 1862; captured May 6, 1864; disch. June 16, 1866. Samuel Miller, July 5, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Aug. 30, 1862 ; to sergt. Dec. 13, 1862; prisoner from May 6th to Dec. 16, 1864; disCh. March 16, 1865. Charles Westfield, Nov.lO, 1861 ; died at Philadelphia Aug. 6, 1862, of wounds received June 30, 1862. Corpwais. Edward C. Guyer, May 26, 1861 ; pro. to corp, Sept. 14, 1862; must, out with company June 16, 1864. George W. Taylor, July 7,1861; pro. to corp. June 13,1862; wounded June 30, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 10, 1862. Henry C. Housum, May 26, 1861 ; pro, to Corp. July 14, 1862; wounded at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1S62 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 14, 1863. Henry Miller, July 28, 1861 ; pro, to corp. Feb. 12, 1863 ; prisoner from May 5, 1864, to March 3, 1866 ; disch. April 1, 1865. Christian Fagl6.v, June 13, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Feb. 12, 1863 ; missing in action at W/lderness May 6, 1864. William Anthony, May 10, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Feb. 12, 1863 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; veteran. Peter F. Seaman, July 7, 1861; pro. to corp. Feb. 12, 1863; prisoner from May 5, 1864, to Feb. 27, 1866 ; disch. April 3, 1866 ; veteran. Joseph Vondrock, May 26, 1861; died at Point Lookout, Md., July 25, 1862. Musician. Oliver Vondrock, July 1.5, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 15, 1862. Privates. Arnold, Peter, June 4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. July 19, 1861. Ash, Harry J., June 13, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 25, 1862, for wounds received at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Aikel, John G., June 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 13, 1863. Auberton, Alonzo, May 26, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. August, Charles, July 18,1861; died of wounds received at Bull Run Aug. 30,1862. Burrows, William, June 13, 1861; disch. on surg, certif. Mfta-ch 20, 1862. Beiterman, Frantz, May 10, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. March 20, 1862. Bratton, James H., Aug. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. July 30, 1862. Behaney, Alpheus, May 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg, certif. May 15, 1862. Blecher. Philip K,, May 10, 1861 ; disch, Feb. 26, 1863, for wounds re- ceived at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Bonner, Michael, June 29, 1861; disch. by sentence of general court- martial March 19, 1864. Broomer, Samuel, June 26, 1861; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864; veteran. Bell, James, June 13, 1861 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Sept. 26, 1862. Bournman, Lewis, July 17, 1861; died May 12, 1863. Beeker, George, May 26, 1861; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Crosby, Carlton, June 13,1861; captured May 5,1864; disch. Jan. 28, 1866. Diller, John R., July 21, 1861 ; must, out with company June 16, 1864. Dailey, Matthew, July 7, 1861 ; prisoner May 5, 1864; died at Anderson- ville Aug. 26, 1864, grave 6797. Drom, John, May 26, 1861 ; missing in action at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Ford, Thomas, June 14, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Fay, Frederick, May 26, 1861 ; died Aug. 7, 1862, of wounds received June 30, 1862 ; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, L. I. Gerhart, Cornelius, May 26,1861: wounded at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862; disch, on surg, certif. Jan. 16, 1863. Hale, Joseph W., July 11, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Oct. 7, 1863. Henry, John, June 13, 1861; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V, May 31, 1864; veteran. Horner, Jeremiah, May 26, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6,1864. Hoffman, Henry D., May 10, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; veteran. Haines, William J., June 1, 1863 ; prisoner from May 6, 1864, to Feb. 28 1866 ; disch. July 17, 1866. ' ' GENEEAL HISTORY. 75 Hortzel, Frederick, July Y, 1861 ; prisoner May 6, 1864; died at Andor- sonville Sept. 21, 1864, grave 9433. Hart, JollD, June 13, 1861 ; prisoner May 5,1864; died at Anderaonville Oct. 26, 1864, grave 11,481. Hollinger, Jacob W., July 28, 1801; killed at Cliarles City Cross-Roads Juno 30, 1862. Hopkins, Ed. M. G.. June 13, 1801 ; died Oct. 4, 1802. Harris, George W., July 20, 1801. Hughs, John, June 14, 1861. Karvor, William, May 10, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 18f 4 ; veteran. Kissinger, Emanuel, May 10, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864; veteran. MoNally, Henry, June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 10, 1864. McCoy, James, July 4, 1861 ; must, out with company June 16, 1864. Moore, James L., May 10, 1801 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps Oct. 7, 1863. McGonnell, Thomas, July 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 13, 1863. Martin, Gainer P., June 14, 1861 ; prisoner May 5, 1864 ; died at Ander- eonvilleOct. 11, 1864, grave 10,678; veteran. McGonnoll, Charles, June 13, 1801 ; prisoner from May 6,1864, to March 2, 1866 ; disch. May 4, 1865. Mack, Alfred B., July 7, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; veteran. Myers, Levi, May 10, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; veteran. Mullen, James, July 7, 1861 ; prisoner May 5, 1864; died at Anderson- ville Oct. 11, 1864, grave 10,084. Miller, Aaron, July 7, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; veteran. Martin, George W., March 19,1864; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864; veteran. McAvoy, Daniel, July 12, 1861. MoQuiggan, Charles, June 13, 1861. Nichols, Vincent, July 5,1861; disch. by sentence of general court-mar- tial March 19, 1864. Oster, Ernest, May 10,1801; killed at Charles City Cross-Eoads June 30, 1802 Otte, Kichard, June 14, 1801. Patten, William, May 10, 1801 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1804;,. veteran. Ritter, Henry B., June 13, 1801 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Eoesler, Lawrence, May 23, 1861; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps Oct. 7, 1803. Eothenberger, W. H., July 7, 1801 ; killed at Charles City Cross-Eoads June 30, 1802. Simmons, Patrtck, June 13, 1861 ; must, out with company June 16, 1804 ; veteran. Schively, William H., June 13, 1861; wounded at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 8, 1862. Stehle, John, July 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. ; date unknown. Strohecker, Jacob T., May 26, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran, Schriver, David K., Aug. 21, 1863 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Shappal, Alfred. July 7, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 6, 1864; veteran. ShuUenberger, F., July 7, 1861 ; died of wounds received at Antietam Sept. 17,1862. Stephenson, James P., June 13, 1861 ; died of wounds received at Charles City Cross-Roads June 30, 1862. Townsley, Eobert, May 10, 1861; must, out with company June 16, 1864. Ulmer, John, July 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 8, 1862. Vandever, Enos G., June 10, 1861.' Weikamp, John, May 26, 1861; must out with company June 16, 1864. Weiderman, Daniel, June 13, 1861 ; must, out with company June 16, 1804. Weiderman, Frank, June 13, 1861; wounded June 30, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 0, 1882. Wagner, Henry, May 10, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31,1864; veteran. Weikamp, Thomas P., June 13, 1861; prisoner May 5, 1864; died at An- dersonville Kov. 2, 1864, grave 11,750; veteran. Wenrick, Henry, May 15, 1861 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864. Wise, Joseph P., May 10,1861; killed at Gaines' Mills June 27, 1862. SIXTY-FOURTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOL- UNTEERS. The Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry was recruited under the direction of David Campbell, of Pittsburgh. Col. Campbell had commanded the Twelfth Pennsyl- vania in the three months' service. Although the Sixty-fourth was organized early in the autumn of 1861, as late as March, 1862, only six companies were fully mounted, owing to the difficulty in securing suitable horses. On the 12th of March Col. Camp- bell resigned to take command of the Fifth Cavalry, and Lieut.-Col. Childs was promoted to succeed him. A portion of the regiment was in the Peninsula cam- paign of 1862. In the Gettysburg campaign it was under Pleasonton, subsequently with Sheridan on the the Rapidan, closing its gallant services in the differ- ent engagements around Petersburg, which culmi- nated in the breaking of the enemy's lines, the evac- uation of Richmond, and the virtual ending of the civil conflict. ROLL OF COMPANY F, SIXTY-FOURTH EEGIMENT, FOUETH CAVALEY (THREE YBAES' SEEVICE). Becruit^d in Lebanon County. Cciptams. John Weidman, Oct. 29, 1861 ; res. June 30, 1862. W. K. Lineaweaver, Oct. 29, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. July 20, 1862 ; to capt. Sept. 22, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 20, 1863. Duncan C. Phillips, Sept. 9, 1862 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Co. M to capt. Nov. 21, 1863 ; com. niaj. Jan. 1, 1865 ; not must. ; res. Feb. 16, 1865. George W. Moss, Jan. 1, 1864; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. A to capt. March 8, 1805; to brevet maj. March 13, 1805; must, out with company July 1, 1865; veteran. Pirsl LieiitenantB. Eeuben Eeinhold, Sept. 19, 1861; res. July 17, 1862. A.Benson White, Aug. 16, 1861; pro. from sergt.-maj. Dec. 31, 1862; prisoner from Oct. 12, 1863, to March, 1865 ; disch. March 14, 1865. Hiram N. Dubbs, Sept. 19, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Feb. 22, 1866; to 1st lieut. May 24,1865; must, out with company July 1, 1865 ; veteran. Second Lieutenants. Alvin Youngs, Sept. 19, 1861 ; pro. from let sergt. July 21, 1862 ; cap- tured June 24, 1864 ; accidentally killed at Columbia, S. C, Oct. 21, 1864. Adam McKnight, Sept. 19, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. ; to 2d lieut. May 26, 1866 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865 ; veteran. Fiyst Sergeant. George K. Hess, Sept. 19, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. May 25, 1865 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865 : veteran. Quartei'master Sergeant. James T. Moore, Oct. 29, 1861 ; pro. to q.m.-sergt. April 1, 1866 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865 ; veteran. Commissary Sergeant. John Darkes, Jan. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 1, 1866 ; vet. Sergeants. Henry Eaiger, Jan. 1, 1864; must. out. with company July 1, 1865; veteran. Christian Shaffer, Jan. 1,1864; pro. from Corp. to sergt. April 1,1866; must, out with company July 1, 1865 ; veteran. Eobert S. McLane, Aug. 22, 1862; pro. to corp. April 1, 1863; to sergt. April 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. Allen Eoth, .Ian. 1,1864; pro. to corp. April 1, 1865; must, out with company July 1, 1865; veteran. William McCorkle, Jan. 1, 1864 ; pro. to corp. April 1, 1865 ; to sergt- May 25, 1865; must, out with company July 1, 1865; veteran. Patrick Halpin, Jan. 1, 1864; died December 10th, of woun