I ^na CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ■■^i.: \ i-f- ««!; ji ^m m al ^ r^n ^' i;^" Jb»-»-, 'V J ./?S«Sii& "#^.£ ^. I! ^Pl' -t.'A^' Si "4 The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028726952 Indian appropriation bill ^/'^/^ ^ hearings BEFORE A-*---. SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMrrTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JOHN H. STEPHHN^g^iraiag jggg HON. CHARLES D. OAI^PER HON. P. P? CAMPBELL "5^ Insisting of \ December 5 ai»«t6r 1916 J^ PRESENTED TO Hartwick college ONEONTA, N. Y. BY _^^ K p. KlNNfii ^ .j& WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1816 /7^^"" 77 COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS. SiXTY-FOUETH CONQRKSB. John H. Stephens, Chairman, Texas. Chaeles D. Cahter, Oklahoma. Thomas F. Konop, Wisconsin. Carl Hayden, Arizona. Lewis L. Morgan, Louisiana. William U. Murray, Oklahoma. Denver S. Chukch, California. Charles M. Stedman, North Carolina. William J. Sears, Florida. C. C. Dill, Washington. John N. Tillman, Arkansas. Harry L. Gandy, South Dakota. William W. Venable, Mississippi. Paul N. Humphbbt Philip P. Campbell, Kansas. Patrick D. Norton, North Dajiota. Samuel H. Miller, Pennsylvania. Stephen Wallace Dempsey, New York. Homer P. Snyder, Nev? York. EoYAL C. Johnson, South Dakota. Fhankhn F. Ellsworth, Minnesota. Benigno C. Hernandez, New Mexico. James Wickersham, Alaska. OlerJe. ^ 5 c^ ^^ "^^ X KifDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. House of Representatives, Subcommittee of the Committee on Indian Affairs, Tuesday, December S, 1916. The subcommittee met at 10.30 o'clock a. m., Hon. John H. Steph- ens (chairman) presiding. _ There was also present Mr. Edgar B. Meritt, Assistant Commis- sioner of Indian Affairs. The Chairman. Mr. Meritt, I will ask you to state to the committee what is the first change you had made in the bill. STATEMENT OF MR. EDGAR B. MERITT, ASSISTANT COMMIS- SIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, the first item in the bill is the same as we had last year. For the survey, resurvey, cltissiflcntion, and allotment of lands in severalty under the provision of the Act of February eighth, eighteen hundred and eighty- seven (Tv,-ehty-fourth Statutes at Large, page three hundred and eighty-eight), entitled "An Act to provide for the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians," and under any other Act or Acts providing for the survey or allotment of Indian liiuds, $100,000, to be repaid proportionally out of any Indian moneys held in trust or otherwise by the United States and available by law for such reim- bursable purposes and to remain available until expended: Provided, That no part of said sum shall be used for the survey, resurvey, classification, or allot- rnent of any land In severalty on the public domain to any Indian, whether of the Navajo or other tribes, within the State of New Mexico and the State of Arizona, who was not residing upon the public domain prior to June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and fourteen. We are not asking any change in that item. We are simply asking for the same amount appropriated last year, $100,000. I offer for the record the following justification for this item : S-urveying and alloting Indian reservations (reimbursable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $100, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Unexpended balance from previous years 88,461.89 Amount appropriated 150, 000. 00 238, 461. 89 Amount expended 101, 882. 52 Unexpended balance 136, 579. 37 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages latt'ti Traveling expenses 4, a&O. W Transportation of supplies 1. 921. 97 Telegraph and telephone service 48. 57 3 4 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Analysis of expenditures — Continued. Printing, binding, and advertising $222. 10 Subsistence supplies 7, 148. 08 Forage 3, 455. 94 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 91. 22 Educational, stationarj', and office supplies 402. 35 Live stock 450. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 504. 10 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 12, 627. 08 Hire of teams and equipment 2, 017. 02 Rent ^ 530. 50 Miscellaneous 268. 60 101, 882. 52 Surveying and allotting Indian reservations (reimbursable) , $100,000. Additional allotment work to unallotted children on various Sioux res- ervations $3, 000 Allotments on Kalispel Reservation, Wash 2, 000 Allotment work on Zuni Reservation, N. Mex 5, 000 Continuing allotment work on Gila River, Ariz 5, 000 Field work in connection with allotments on La Pointe or Bad River Reservation, Wis 5, 000 Expense in connection with allotment work, such as for forage, equip- ment, material, traveling expenses, etc 5, 000 For surveys by General Land Office 75, 000 Under authority found in sections 17 and 19 of the act of May 29, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 451), provision is made for allotments under the act of March 2 1889 (25 Stat. L., 888), to unallotted children of the Sioux Tribe of Indians so long as the tribe to which such children belong is possessed of any unallotted tribal or reservation lands. The Cheyenne River, Crow Creek, and Lower Brule Reservations contain surplus areas that can be allotted to children born to members of said tribes. This work has been in progress for some years, and should be continued so long as there are any available lands for the purpose. Allotments, as provided by the act of August 1, 1914 (38 Stat. L., 582), have been made and scheduled to .545 Indians of the La Pointe or Bad River Reservation, Wis. ; but in order to properly mal-k and otherwise establish allot- ment corners it will be necessary to continue a survey corps for possibly three months to complete the field work on that reservation. It is highly essential that allotment corners be established with care in order to avoid future com- plications, and this work should therefore be continued. As the result of investigations on the Zuni Reservation, N. Mex., it has developed that the present irrigable area therein, viz, about 5,000 acres, should be allotted. The irrigation project will cover about 7,100 acres when com- pleted, but at present is confined to about 5,000 acres, a large part of which is under cultivation by the Indians and under substantial fence. These Indians control live stock to the value of $384,000, which consists of 56,000' sheep and goats, 1,200 head of cattle, 600 head of horses, and 500 burros. These Indians are good farmers and are anxious to take advantage of all opportunities afforded them, and many homes have already been established, which will be increased when allotments in severalty are made. The present area under the Irrigation project is sufficient to provide home sites for about 1,000 Indians, and conditions are therefore such that this work should be undertaken. In 1914 approximately 4,600 acres of land along the Pend d'Oreille' River, in Washington, was set aside as a permanent reservation for the Kalispel Indians. The lands so withdrawn have been occupied by the Indians for gen- erations, and homes have been established and the lands otherwise improved. The surveys preparatory to allotment are being executed, and conditions un^ doubtedly will be favorable for commencing allotment work during the fiscal year 1918. The Gila River Reservation, Ariz., embraces 367,000 acres, and the Indian popu- lation numbers about 4,096 persons. Approximately 3,750 allotments have been made, and besides additional allotments from the area subject to irrigation the Indians are to be given grazing lauds, and a special agent is now engaged in this work. In order that the work may be finally completed It is essential that it be toutinued, and additional funds will be required. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Surveys by the General Land Office should be undertaken on the Northern Cheyenne and Fort Apache Indian Reservations, which it is estimated will cost about $288,000, and in order to get the work started It is proposed to set aside for the Land Office $75,000 of the appropriation herein requested for such use. KESEEVATIONS OPENED. Kound Valley, Cal. Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Lapwai, Idaho. Eotawatomi, Kans. Bois Fort, Minn. Deer Creek, Minn. Fond du Lac, Minn. Grand Portage, Minn. Leech Lake, Minn. White Oak l?oint and Chippewa, Minn. Fort Peck, Mont. Flathead, Mont. Niobrara, Nebr. Devils Lake, N. Dak. Standing Rock, N. Dak. and S. Dak. Cheyenne and Arapaho, Okla. Iowa, Okla. Kickapoo, Okla. Kiowa and Comanche, Okla. Oakland, Okla. Ottawa, Okla. Pawnee, Okla. Peoria, Okla. Potawatomi, Okla. Sauk and Fox, Okla. Shawnee, Okla. Wichita, Okla. Wyandot, Okla. Siletz, Oreg. Lake Traverse, S. Dak. Yankton, S. Dak. TJncompahgre, Utah. Chehalis, Wash. PuyuUap, Wash. Spokane, Wash. Colville, Wash. KESEEVATIONS PARTLY OPENED. Navajo, Ariz. Hoopa Valley, Cal. TJte, Colo. Fort Hall, Idaho. Red Lake, Minn. Crow, Mont. Omaha, Nebr. Walker River, Nev. Fort Berthold,.N. Dak. Cheyenne River, S. Dak. Pine Ridge, S. Dak. Rosebud, S. Dalv. Uintah Valley, Utah. Wind River, Wyo. RESERVATIONS NOT OPENED. (CONTAINING SUKPLUS AKEAS.) Camp McDowell, Ariz. Colorado River, Ariz. Fort Apache, Ariz, Fort Mojave, Ariz. Gila Bend, Ariz. Gila River, Ariz. Havasupai, Ariz. Hopi, Ariz. Kaibab, Ariz. Papago, Ariz. Salt River, Ariz. San Carlos, Ariz. Walapai, Ariz. , Digger, Cal. Mission, Cal. Paiute, Cal. Tule River, Cal. Yuma, Cal. Seminole, Fla. Sauk and Fox, Iowa. Vermillion Lake, Minn. White Earth, Minn. Blackfeet, Mont. Crow Creek, S. Dak. Pan- Lower Brule, S. Dak. Goshute and scattered bands guitch and Shivwits, Utah. Hoh River, Wash. Kalispel, Wash. Makah, Wash. Note.— Some of the reservations classified under coSmg surplus aTeasT have not as yet been allotted. Ozette, Wash. Fort Belknap, Mont. Northern Cheyenne, Mont. Sioux Additional, Nebr. Winnebago, Nebr. Duck Valley, Nev. Moapa River, Nev. Paiute, Nev. Pyramid Lake, Nev. Mescalero Apache, N. Mex. Pueblos, N. Mex, Zuni, N. Mex. Alleghany, N. Y. Cattaraugus, N. Y. Oil Spring, N. Y. Oneida, N. Y. Onondaga, N. Y. St. Regis, N. Y. Tonawanda, N. Y. Tuscarora, N. Y. Klamath, Oreg. Umatilla, Oreg. Warm Springs, Oreg. Quileute, Wash. Quinaielt, Wash. Shoalwater, Wash. Yakima, Wash. Lac du Flambeau, Wis. La Pointe, Wis. Menominee, Wis. Reservations not opened. INDIAX APPROPEIATION BILT.. RESERVATIONS CLOSED. Pala. Cal. Ponca. Olda. Cliippewa and ilunsee, Ivans . Quapaw, Okla. Iowa. Kans. Seneca, Okla. Kickapoo. Kans. Grande Ronde. Oreg. Sauk and Fox, Kans. Cohimliia. Wash. Isalielbt, JrkU. Klickitat, Wasli. L'Anse. Jlicli. Lummi, Wasli. Ontonasron. SXicli. Muckleslioot. Wash. Otrawa and Cliippewa. Jlich. Xisqiialli. Wasli. Mdewakauton. Minn. Port iiadison. Wash. Mille Lac. Jlinn. Skokoniish, Wasli. Ponca. Xebr. Snohomish. Wasli. Tni-tle Jlonntain. X. Dak. Squaxon Island. Wash. Apache. Okla. Swinomish, Wash. Kansa or Kaw. Okla. Lac Court Oreille. Wis. Fort Sill Apaches, Okla. Red Cliff, Wis. Modoc. Okla. Oneida. Wis. Osage, Okla. Stockbridge, Wis. Otoe. Okla. Rosebud, S. Dak. On the 1st of July, 191o. th(Te was available from the appropriations for surveying and allottii'S' Indian reservations apju'oximately •'^23S.OO0. which in- cluded .?SS.tX10. unexpended balances from former appropriations. From this amount t'iore was ses/cnten for use of the Oeneral Land Office in surveying Indian re.'^evvations. and for various agencies for surveys and allotments of land in sevei-altv. the sum of ?156.930, leaving an unhypothecated balance of S81.0T0. From the .'^1.^6.030 segregated for surveys and allotments the sum of $101,882 was actually expended, the difference being $5.i,047. This unexpended balance and the unhypothecated balance of .?S1,070 made a total of ?136,117 on the books available for survey and allotment work .Tune 30, 1916. While there was approximately !?.3-"i,000 unexpended during the past fiscal year from the segregation actually made, yet as the appropriations are con- tinuing this sum and the unhypothecated amount of $81,070 referred to will be used tc complete work already under way and to be started for which the segregations were made, or to begin other required surveys on a number of reservations. A number of the unopened reservations have been partly surveyed only. Practically no surveys have been made on the Fort Apache and San Carlos Reservations. It is estimated that the Navajo Reservation has 605 townships, or 14.139.200 acres. About one-fifth, or 12S townships, have been surveyed, leaving 477 unsurveyed. Th.e average cost of surveying a townsjiip is esti- mated by the General Land Office at $1,000. Using that estimate as a basis the expense of surveying the following large reservations is given : Fort Apache (73 townships) $73,000 San Carlos (80 townships) 80,000 Navajo (477 townships) 477,000 630,000 It will readily be appreciated therefore that the money now available and requested can all be utilized in required survey work. The necessity for sur- veying all Indian reservations is being brought more to attention as the coun- try has become settled, and there is a growing demand for Indian landa. Some of the larger reservations now unallotted have been divided into gi-azing districts and in some cases these districts are leased. A great necessity has ai'isen for definitely defining the boundaries of these districts by proper sub- divisions of an official survey. The Indians on many of the reservations now un- allotted are bringing up the question of allotments in severalty, and surveys are a necessary prerequisite to this work. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. The followinn tahle shows the aUotincuts approved hy the deimrtnicnt iJurinij the fiscal year ended June SO. 1916, and iiinde in the field. Wyoming: Shoshone. 247 I 23,586 States and tribes or reservatioDS. Approved by de- partment. Made in the field. Number. Acreage. Number. Acreage. Total 4,976 798, 179 2,994 256,398 Arizona 3 30 1,905 24, 488 Oolorado River. 3 30 17 1,733 155 170 Pima (Gila River) 23,930 388 ATcChin California 8 563 1 46 Absentee Wyandot (public domain) 2 2 4 1'6 20 397 1 46 1 80 1 160 Michirnn' A'sontee Wvandot (nu' lie domain^. '. . 3 210 42 3,211 Fond dii Lac 34 5 3 2, 6 '2 360 200 60 9,195 346 102, 360 2 2 66 160 7J3 8,292 311 35 9!', 520 2, 840 4 640 4 JO North "nn-lrnl n - 801 207,621 7S7 1 13 206, 154 l.'^.S 1,312 1 SO 1,526 270,205 486 88,014 4 66' 574 882 1,120 ■""i6,".i99' 117, 732 140, 854 243 39 12 192 30,210 Crow ' rook.. ^ ^ 6,230 1,917 40,658 2,263 281,619 256 41, 490 PnlviUo 2,257 2 4 280, 819 160 640 256 41,490 Yakima 12 906 1 11 1 880 25 1 . Oneida The Chairm^vn. Then what is the second item? Mr. Mekitt. The second item is the estimate for our irrigation branch of the Indian Service : For the consti-uctioli, repair, ami luaintenance of ditclies, reservoirs, ami dams Durcliase and use of irrigation tools and appliances, water riglits, ditches, lands' necessary for canals, pipe lines, and reservoirs for Indian reservations 8 INDIAN APPKOPEIAHON BILL. and allotments and for drainage and protection of irrigable lands from damage by floods, or loss of water rights, including expenses of necessary surveys and investigations to determine the feasibility and estimated cost of new projects and power and reservoir sites on Indian reservations in accordance with the provisions of sec. 13 of the act of June 25, 1910, $290,300, reimbursable as provided in the act of Aug. 1, 1914, and to remain available until expended: Provided, That no part of this appropriation shall be expended on any irriga- tion system or reclamation pro.1ect for which specific appropriation is made in this act or for which public funds are or may be available under any other act of Congress ; for pay of 1 chief Inspector of irrigation, who shall be a skilled irrigation engineer, $4,000 ; 1 assistant inspector of irrigation, who shall be a skilled irrigation engineer, $2,500 ; for travelng and incidental expenses of 2 inspectors of irrigation, including sleeping-car fare and a per diem of $3 in lieu of subsistence when actually employed on duty in the field and away from designated headquarters, .$3,200 ; in all, $300.000 : Provided also, That not to exceed 7 superintendents of irrigation, 6 of whom shall be skilled irrigation engineers and 1 competent to pass upon water rights, and 1 field-cost accountant may be employed. We are asking for an inci^ease in this item from $244,700 to $300,000. The reason for that is because this is a continuing appropriation, Slid the balance is not as great as it has been heretofore, and we really need this small increase. Mr. Campbell. There is a balance? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. From last year's appropriation ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; there has been a balance for a number of years. This appropriation is continuing. There is an unexpended balance shown on our books now of $105,222.89. There may be some outstanding obligations against that balance. _ The Chairman. Then the other justification will stand in the last bill ? The justifications are the same ? Mr. Meritt. No, sir; the justifications are different. We do differ- ent work in each succeeding year. Mr. Campbell. That is, in this ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; I offer for the record the following justifi- cation. Irrigation, Indian reservations (reimbur sable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $235, 000 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Unexpended balance from previous years 121 423 44 Amount appropriated . 345'^ •jqq' qq ^ , 467,123.44 Amount expended ggj 9QQ 55 Unexpended balance ^q^ 222 89 Analysis of expenditures : ~ Salaries and wages 261 546 86 Traveling expenses -^2 358 72 Transportation of supplies ~ 4' ^gQ go Heat, light, and power (service) ' 5705 Telegraph and telephone service 407' sg Printing, binding, and advertising ogg' 77 Forage 3 q-^^ 19 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 2' 978 54 Educational, stationery, and office supplies l' 222 QO Live stock ' 150 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc I ~ g 750' oe Sundry supplies, equipment, etc I_I ~_ 37' 542 09 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 9 Analysis of expenditures— Continued. United States Geological Survey, for maintenance of gaugine stations, etc -_ ^g^ 745, 23 -tvcllt Rf^T {\f\ United States Reclamation Service, for buildinVancrmainTe" nance charges, Truckee-Carson project 1 21 608 10 Miscellaneous ' §95' gg 361, 900. 55 The estimated expenditures from the funds requested for 1918 will be for the following : Irrigation district No. 1, Oreyon, Washington, and northern California. AVarm Springs Reservation survey ., 000 Warm Springs, Oregon, survey $500 This item is the amount estimated as necessary to defray the cost of field investigations and surveys and preparation of report, including mans, plims, and estimates, on a proposed irrigation system in the Tenino Valley on the Warm Springs Reservation in Oregon. Irrigable land with a water supply is not plentiful on this reservation, which is mostly rough land. The surveys proposed should determine the feasibility of this small project to irrigate about 2,000 acres. Klamath Agency project, Oregon, construction and maintenance $8, 000 The agency project on the Klamath Reservation was constructed niany years ago and hns not had proper supervision by competent engineers and is in poor condition for lack of necessary maintenance. In addition to being restored to its proper capacity, there is need of con- struction of a lateral system to reach all the lands for which the main canals could carry a water supply. Colville, Wash., miscellaneous construction $5, 000 The Barnaby Creek project is located in the northeastern corner of the Col- ville Reservation, Wash., and contains about 800 acres of land, which may be irrigated by simple diversion at a cast of $5,000, or $6.25 per acre. This land is all allotted and irrigation would benefit 10 allottees. Miscellaneous surveys and expenses of superintendent of irrigation for district No. 1 $8,000 This amount is to pay the proportional expense of salaries of clerk and other employees under the office of the superintendent of irrigation, properly charge- able to " Irrigation, Indian reservations," and to pay the sunerintendent of irrigation in charge of district No. 1, with headquarters at North Yakima, Wash., who supervises work of Indian irrigation in the States of Washington, Oregon, and the northern third of California. The funds are to pay his salary, traveling and incidental expenses at such time as he is engaged upon the supervision of work for which no specific appropriation is made, or is engaged upon preliminary surveys and investigations on any of the many reservations included within his district. The office force attends to the disbursing of much of the funds for irrigation construction, operation, and maintenance, collections for water payments, preparation of cost records, making purchases, and other detail work in connection with the activities of the superintendent of irriga- tion and his staff. This amount also includes the salary and expenses of survey parties on the investigations of water resources, possible power developments, investigations of encroachments upon Indian water rights, preparation of reports upon various allied subjects on the Indian reservations included in district No 1 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. ]1 WALKER EIVEK RESERVATION, NEV. Indian tribe, Paiute. Number of Indians, 539. Area of reservation, 49,680 acres. Area irrigable from constructed worlis, 2,500 acres. Area actually irrigated, 1,130 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 1,094 acres, Area farmed by lessees, 18 acres. Area farmed by white owners, 18 actes. Area of whole project, 6,000 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $113,430.67. Cost of irrigation operation and maintenance, and miscellaneous, it;i2,7.5S..S8. Estimated cost, additional, to complete project, 80,000. Total cost of irrigation, per acre, $33. Average value of irrigated lands, per acre, $50. Average annual precipitation, 4 inches. Source of water supply, Wallier River; market for products, local (good) ; distance from railroad, through project. WALKER RIVER RESERVATION, NEV. Estimated cost 1918 ^ ,f7,20O This item is iiitended to cover the expenses of the regular organization, con- sisting of assistant engineer, supervisor of ditches, rodman, and chainman en- gaged in the maintennnce of the present constructed ditches, new construction,, etc., and includes salaries and wages, equipment, material, and transporta- tion necessary for the Wallver lliver project. This reservation is the home of 539 Indians. The irrigation system has been in progress of construction for several years, the original plan contemplating the irrigation of several thousand acres. The Indians cultivated 1,130 acres: in 1916, and are making progress in the use of the irrigation project and con- sequent agricultural activities. The project covers about 2,500 acres of land, and as the water supply is not abundant, the most careful construction and operation and maintenance are needed to supply as large an urea as possible. IIOAPA RIVER RESERVATION, NEV. Indian tribe, Moapa Piute. Number of Indians, 123. Area of reservation, 1,100 acres. Area irrigable from, present constructed works, 625 acres. Area actually irrigated, 275 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 275 acres. Area of whole project, 625 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $9,9.53.57. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, .f.i24.92. Estimated total cost to complete project, $3,000. Estimated total cost of irrigation, $21 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 4 inches. Source of water supply, Moapa River. Blarket for products, local (ex- cellent). Moapa River Reservation, Nev.. repairs and maintenance requested for 1918 $1,000 Although most of the work for this project is done by the Indians themselves, it is sometimes necessary to employ laborers at wages, and a few purchases in connection with thte work are necessary each year. It is very desirable that all possible assistance and encouragement be given these Indians, as the water rights are disputed, and their use of the water will strengthen their title to it. Skull Valley Indians, Utah ,$1,000 These Indians, like the Goshutes, are part of the Indians who formerly roamed over what is now the north part of the State of Utah, and the justifi- cation for the Goshute item apjilies also to the Skull Valley Band. 12 INDIAN APPEOPftlATION BILL. SHIVWITZ EESERVATION, UTAH. Indian tribe, Paiute. Kuinber of Indians, 113. Area of reservation, 26,270 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 70 acres. Area actually irrigated, 70 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 70 acres. Area of whole project, 300 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $1,155.35. Cost of irrigation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $364.58. Estimated additional cost to complete project $2,000. Estimated total cost of irrigation, $11 per acre. Average value of irrigated land, $50 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 12 inches. Source of water, local streams. Market for products, local (fair). Distance from railroad, 60 miles. Khivwitz Reservation, Utah $li 500 This reservation has 200 acres of land under the St. George & Santa Clara Bench Irrigation Co.'s ditch, which needs leveling and clearing. The sum requested is for payment of water rentals and for material for construction find repair of ditches. ^ WESTERN SHOSHONE EESERVATION, NEV. Indian tribes, Piute and Shoshone. Number of Indians, 602. ' Area ol reservation, 365,000 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 2,000 acres. Area actually irrigated, 480 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 480 acres. Area of whole project, 25,000 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $43,287.44. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $3,879.85. Estimates for total cost of construction, $454,000. Average value of irrigated land per acre, $40. Average annual precipitation, 10 inches. Source of water supply, Owyhee Iliver. Market for products, local and gen- eral (good). Distance from railroad, 110 miles. Western Shoshone, Nevada , $1,500 This item is to cover the expenses of repair and maintenance of the existing ■ditch system on the Western Shoshone or Duck Valley Indian Reservation, Nev., under which about 1,500 acres of Indian land are- being cultivated. The ditches will have to be repaired, several small structures built, and gen- eral work incident to insufficient maintenance in the past will have to be done. Goshute Reservation, Utah .$1, 000 There are a number of Indians who formerly roamed over what is now the north part of the State of Utah, occupying lands which depend upon a proper distribution of water for irrigation. Until recently these Indians have had very little supervision, and it has been found that work which they are unable to do is necessary to secure the most benefit from the water supply available and to enable us to be in a position to maintain the water rights against adverse appropriators. The same also applies to the foregoing estimate of $1,000 for the Skull Valley Indians. Miscellaneous surveys and expenses of superintendent of irrigation for District No. 2 ,__ $6,000 This sum includes salaries and wages, traveling expenses, telegraph and tele- phone service, equipment, and miscellaneous expenses necessary for the main- tenance of the office of the superintendent of irrigation at Salt Lake Citv, and is the estimated proportion chargeable against the general irrigation appropria- tion. This fund is also to pay the superintendent of irrigation in charge of district No. 2, with headquarters at Salt Lake City, Utah, who supervises work of Indian irrigation in the States of Idaho, Utah, and Nevada, his salary trav- INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 13 eling dnd Incidental expenses at such timeR as lie is engaged upon the super- vision of work for which no specific appropriation is made, or is engaged upon preliminary surveys and Investigations on any of the reservations included within his district. This sum further includes the salaries and expenses of survey parties on the investigation of water resources, possible power develop- ments, investigations of encroachments upon Indian water rights, and prepara- tion of reports upon various allied subjects on the Indian reservations included in district No. 2. TONGUE RIVER RESERVATION, MONT. Indian tribe, Northern Cheyenne. Number of Indians, 1,401. Area of reservation, 460,000 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 2,000 acres. Area actually -irrigated, 600 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 600 acres. Area of whole project, 7,000 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $120,233.07. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance and miscellaneous, $16,885.28. Estimate of additional cost to complete project not yet made. Average value of irrigated lands, $50 per acre. Average annual rainfall in Inches, 15. Source of water supply, Tongue _and Rosebud Rivers. Market for products local (good). Distance from railroad, 60 miles. Tongue River, Mont ^ < $1, 900 Salary of ditch rider, 1 year 900 Maintenance and operation 1, 000 1, 900 It is necessary to keep a competent man in the position of ditch rider. He has direct charge of the irrigation systems on this reservation, as no engineer is assigned to this work at the present time. The principal unit Is the Tongue River Canal, which Is in a territory subject to severe cloudbursts, and a thoroughly reliable man Is required at this point at all times during the operating season. Before and after the water is turned into the canal and during the winter this man takes charge of all mainteufince work on canals and structures. All structures on the irrigation systems on this reservation were constructed of native timber, and those on the Tongue River Canal are now 8 years old and many of them are becoming badly decayed. A considerable amount of repair work will be required during the fiscal year 1918, and the present condi- tion of some of the structures would indicate that they will have to be replaced during 1918. Ceded portion Wind River Reservation, Wyo $20, 000 This amount is needed for the continuation of construction, improvement, and extension of existing ditches and the construction of Indian ditches to Irrigate the various Indian allotments upon the former Wind River Reservation. Most of the systems now in use were more or less largely constructed by the Indian allottees themselves, but to thoroughly secure their water rights and keep the systems in first-class operating condition It .Is necessary for the Gov- ernment to undertake the more expensive and difficult construction. The principal systems upon which this fund will be spent are the Le Clair ditch, covering 7,000 acres; the Kinnear system; Buffalo Fat ditch; and for several- smaller ditches supplying one or more groups of allotments. Altogether, nearly 35,000 acres have been allotted on the ceded portion of the reservation, and practically the total of this area must be Irrigated to make it of any value. Miscellaneous surveys and expenses of superintendent of irrigation for district No. 3 $5, 000 This amount Is to pay the proportional expense of salaries of the clerk and other employees coming under the office of the superintendent of irrigation that are properly chargeable to " Irrigation, Indian reservations," and to pay the superintendent of irrigation in charge of this district, with headquarters at Billings, Mont., who supervises work of Indian irrigation in the States of 14 IXDIAX APPEOPKIATIOX BILL. Alontiina and Wyoiuin,!:. with oivasional details to Soiitli Dakota, li!^ salary, travelinsr ami iiioidentat oxiienses at ;vitie appropriation is made, or is ensRisreii '.iixin preliniinai-Y surveys and iuvestc-ations on any of the i-eservations inoluded wtliiu his district. The otli'.'e force attends to the dishnrsiixg of unu'h of the funds for irri.uiition, lonstniction, operation. anst recoixls. making pvirchases, and other detail work in connection with the activities of the superintendent of irripttion aud his staff. This sum also includes salaries and expenses of survey parties on the iuves- tigiition of water resources, possible pi^wer developments, investiffntious of encroaclunents upon Indian water rights, and previaration of reports upon various allied subjects on the Indian reservations included in district Xo, 3. Office of superintendent of irrigation, district No. 4, sal;'.ries and office maintenance ?11, 500 The above amount is a conservative estimate of the needs for Siilaries, trav- eiins: expenses, etc., of the suiieriutendent of irrigjition and for the expenses of the Los Anjeles office. The work of this office has reaelieil very larjre pnv portions, and the number of reservations on which Irrisnttiou work has been in projrress or maintenance is requireil is constantly inci-easius- All of the dislwrsiufT and purchasins for the entire district No. 4 is handleil in Los Aujreles office, and the need for an adequate and competent force of employees can be perceived. The work of supervision increases annually, also the upkeep of the mnnerous irrigation systems must be attendeil to. The amount requested is the minimum wliidi should be grauteil for the im- portant purposes outline*!. iliscellaneous surveys and investigations, district Xo. 4 .^.'i.OOO The maintenance of survey parties in the lield is essential to the proper preparation of the unmerous investigations and reports of a technical natui-e re- quired by the department. The enactment of new water laws in the State of California makes it increasingly important from year to year to make careful investigations in o)'der that the rights of the Ividians may be protected. Soutli.-ri! California, miscllaue.ms and construction §;10. 000 There are IS pumping ]il:;nts in operation o:i t!ie various reservations in southern Calii'drr.i:;. lrr!g:Uii>u \vo;i;s have b en constructed on 24 different reservations. It is r.lisolutely essential that t'.u-sc inunping plants and irrigst- tion sy.sfems be kept in tirst-class repair, if the Indians who are dependent on these systems for their water supply are not to sulTer. A small nuu'her of lateral extensions are r^Hpiired each year. This item is to ("ei'ra.y t!ie expen.ses of all of this worlv, Agtia Caliente Reservation. Cal.. (harden of Kdeu project ^S. 000 The irripttion system at the Ciarden of Eden project consists of a small diversion ilam in Andreas Creek from which a steel pipe line conducts the water down a rough, steep talus slo)>e to the head of a ivment pipe distribution system. This steel pipe line, which it is proposed to replace, was not installed by the tTOvernment hut was acquired with this portion of the reservation by purchase. This pipe line is now about 30 years old and practically worthless. A large loss of water results from the present condition of the pipe. Owing to the inqiortance of this upper link of the distribution system, this steel pipe should be replaced at once. A number of laterals should be addeil to the distribution svstem in order that an increased area may be placed under irrigation and to reduce the losses which now result from conducting the water through open ditches. A small reservoir is also necessary in connectloii with this project in which to store the nightly flow of the creek so that an efficient irrigation head may be securemplere estimate and report on the Rincon irrigation system is now in course of preparation. OWEXS VATXEY, FORT IXDEPEXDK-\"CE PEOJECT, CAT- Indian tribe. Paiute. Xumber of Indians in whole valley, ^.,355. Area of tract. 320 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 50 acres. Area actually irrigated. 50 acre*. Area of whole project. Ii5 acres. Cost of irrigation construction. §4.310.75. Estimateil additional cost to complete project, $3,000. Total cost of irrigation per acre. S14. Average value of irrig;ited laud iier acre. .?150. Average annual preoinitation. o inches. Source of water supply. Oak Creek. Market for products, local, general (gtxxl). Distance from railroad. S miles. Fort Independence Reservation 53, 000 This tract of land consists of 320 acres in tlie Owens Valley, about 100 acres of which have lieen irrisnited in the past by the Indians living thereon. This is one of the small reservations in California where the water rights of the InOians must be conserveii if they are to make any progress in the agricul- tural line, or indeeil if they are to have the means of subsistence. Some work has been done during the past fiscal year and some land cultivated, but the supply thus provided will only cover about 50 acres of the 320. The necessity for the work is apparent, Owens Valley allotments *^^- '^"^ It is proposed to sink seven wells, approximately 350 feet in depth for the developiiieut of artesian water on a tract of 400 acres situated about o miles 16 INDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. north of Big Pine, Cal. This land is worthless without water, being too isolated to be used merely for the homes of Indians who must work out for a living. Recent wells sunk in this neighborhood indicate that artesian water can be found on this land, in which case good crops can be irrigated. Recent corre- spondence with Superintendent Reed, of Bishop, indicates that these Indians are anxious for water. GILA RIVEE EESERVATION, ARIZ., CASA BLANCA PROJECT. Indian tribes, Pima and Maricopa. Number of Indians, 4,200. Area of reservation, acres, 361,000. Area irrigable from constructed works, acres, 6,000. Area actually irrigated, acres, 3,300. Approximate area of whole project, acres, 35,000. Cost of irrigation construction, $50,610.19. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $1,921.13. Estimated additional cost to complete project, $600,000. Estimated total cost of irrigation per acre, $20. Average value of irrigated land per acre, $150. Average annual precipitation, inches, 9. Source of water supply, Gila River and underground. Market for products, local and general (excellent). Distance from railroad, 10 miles. Gila River Reservation, Casa Blanca, Blackwater, and agency project— $30, 000 These projects embrace about 40,000 acres of irrigable land on the south side of the Gila River, near Sacaton. Within the project are the villages of Black- water, Sacaton Flats, Casa Blanca, Pbechule, Sweetwater, and Alkali. The land has been allotted to the Indians living on it. The estimate is for the continuation of the work, the main canal having been started in 1914, with a heading in the Little Gila. During 1916 a number of laterals were built. Ten thousand acres could be watered under the project at the close of the fiscal year 1916. Approximately 2,000 Indians reside within the area included within these projects and are industrious and energetic farmers and make full use of all the present irrigation works. The proper remodeling, improvement, and extension of the systems so that each Indian may have sufficient area upon which to earn a livelihood is now being carried on.' The funds here requested are estimated to be the amount needed for the fiscal year 1918 for this very meritorious project. SOUTHERN ITTE (ALLOTTED) PINE EIVEB VALLEY, COLO. Indian tribe, Southern lite. Number of Indians, 366. Area irrigable fronl constructed works, acres, 4,000. Area actually irrigated, acres, 1,040. Area farmed by Indians, acres, 640. Area farmed by lessees, acres, 300. Area farmed by white owners, acres, 100. Area of whole project, acres, 7,500. Cost of irrigation construction, $144,161.11. Cost of operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $3,657.06. Estimated additional cost to complete, . Total cost of irrigation, per acre, estimated, $20. Average value of irrigated land, per acre, $60. Average annual precipitations, inches, 16. Source of water supply, Pine River. Market for products, local (good). Distance from railroad, 10 miles.' Southern Ute, Pine River Valley allotments, etc $16 200 For several years progress has been made in the plans approved by' the Secretary of the Interior providing for the removal of the Indians occupying land without any irrigation facilities, who are to be removed to the Pine River Valley and located on irrigable lands. The following statement shows in a general way the work proposed : INDIAN APPEOPBIA.TION BILL. 17 Pine Eiver : Bast side unit, maintenance West side unit — Completion of lateral system. 4,000 Extension beyond center section 26, Including high flume S, 500 Repairs to Brink Hollow flume 1 800 Maintenance- ^— ,-_^^_ , _ ~ 2 OCio Old canals in Pine River Valley — ~ ' Ceanaboo, repairs and betterment 300 West side, including laterals 600 Commissioner 200 La Boca, enlargement 1, 500 Maintenance ' 70Q Other projects: Enlargement of Warren Vosburgh Ditch from La Plata River 250 New turnouts for Indians from Citizens Animas Ditch 250 Rabbit Ditch, La Plata River, interest in Alamo Ditch from San Juan River, and various small ditches, repairs, etc 600 16, 200 NAVAJO KESERVATION, SAN JUAN PBOJECT. Indian tribe, Navajo. Number of Indians, 8,000. Area of reservation, approximate, acres, 9,500,000. Area irrigable from constructed works, acres, 2,000. Area actually irrigated, acres, 730. Area farmed by Indians, acres, 720. Area of whole project, acres, 4,000. • Cost of irrigation construction, $199,401.28. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance and miscellaneous, $44,797.03. Estimated additional cost to complete project, $22,000. Estimated total cost of irrigation per acre, $42. Average value of irrigated land per acre, $160. Average annual precipitation, inches, 12. Source of water supply, San Juan River. Market for products, local (good). Distance from railroad, 40 miles. Hogback project, Navajo Reservation $22, 200 It being somewhat doubtful as to the amount of progress that might be made on this project during the. fiscal year 1917, the superintendent of construction submitted an estimate for the years 1917 and 1918 together, stating that from this estimate should be deducted the amount of money allotted for 1917. It will be difiicult in this oflice to state what part of the work will be done in each year, so the full estimate as subdivided is given, from which total amount should be deducted $25,000, the amount tentatively allotted this project from the 1917 funds. Excavation : On 24 miles of laterals, on which work is begun but not completed, 16,800 yards $4, 200 For 7 miles, 18,000 yards - 4, 500 Structures on 31 miles of laterals 14, 100 Culverts and road crossings and for drainage under canal and laterals 7, 500 Seasoning of laterals, including repairs of possible breaks and building up lateral banks where necessary on account of bank settlement 2, 000 Constructing new steel flume to replace timber structure at flume No. 2 2, 200 Total new construction 34, 500 Maintenance of main canal and 31 miles of laterals for the two years__ 6, 700 Possible extra maintenance : Repairs to main canal and laterals as a result of possible cloudburst, also protection work necessary against flood action of San Juan Riyer _ 6, 000 47, 200 From which deduct ^. . . 25,000 22, 200 71486—16 2 18 INDIAN APPKOPBIATION BILL. This will complete the Hogback project and provide for maintenance to the end of 1918. Pueblos : 5515, 000 There is no large construction work planned for the Pueblos as far in ad- vance as a year hence. It is probable that there will be some work for most of the Pueblos during the year as there has been in the past. There has been authorized for this work in the past $10,000 each year, and frequently a second allotment. This does not include the work of well drilling. It is probable that there may be needed the sum of $15,000. ZUNI RESERVATION PROJECT. Indian tribe, Zuni. Number of Indians, 1,570. Area of reservation, acres, 215,040. Area irrigable from constructed works, acres, 4,000. Area actually irrigated, acres, 3,150. Area farmed by Indians, acres, 3,150. Area of whole project, acres, 7,000. Cost of irrigation construction, $541,208.19. Cost of operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $15,253.44. Estimated additional cost to complete, . Estimate total irrigation cost per acre, $80. A%'erage value of irrigated land, per acre, $100. Average annual precipitation, inches,, 7.7. Source of water supply, Zuni River. Market for products, local (good). Distance from railroad, 45 miles. Pueblo of Zuni : 1 $3, 000 This item is for the proper maintenance of the Zuni Reservation irrigation system in New Mexico. The system consists of a large reservoir and a very efEective lateral distributing system. Maintenance work must be done annu- ally, otherwise the system would rapidly deteriorate and fail to serve the pur- pose for which it was constructed. Navajo, miscellaneous $32, 300 The work under this head includes the small projects at Marsh Pass, Tes- nos-pos, Moencopi Wash, Captain Tom Wash, Red Lake, and other irrigation projects on the Navajo Reservation. The general characteristics of the Navajo Reservation are well known. The scanty and unfavorably distributed rainfall, great areas of drifting sand,' vast lava beds, irregular topography of mesas and canyons, brilliant sunshine, and ■drying winds, all are factors in making this a region of unsatisfactory and meager water supply. It is therefore desirable to develop every project which is feasible, unless the cost is utterly beyond reason. Some of the projects men tioned have already been maintained after a fashion by the Indians, who show a praiseworthy determination to make the most of their opportunities in an agricultural way. These projects should be improved and maintained in such manner as to afCord the most possible good. The amount requested will go some way toward accomplishing this result. Miscellaneous surveys and expenses and salaries of office of superin- tendent of irrigation district No. 5 $10, 000 This item is a conservative estimate of the amount needed for the conduct of the office of the superintendent of irrigation of the fifth district and for the numerous surveys and investigations required of that officer. The district covers a wide territory and the work comprises a large variety of activities, such as well drilling, river-protection work, spring development, charcos, simple diversion works, reservoirs, and occasional laying ofE of town sites. The super- intendent disburses for the entire district and the office force is small for the amount of work. The field work consumes the greater part of the fund. District No. 5 comprises northern Arizona, New Mexico, and southwestern California ; headquarters, Albuquerque. I might say, Mr. Chairman, that this estimate covers our general irrigation work and provides for the salaries of our irrigation em- INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 19 ployees and takes care of the small irrigation projects that are not specifically appropriated for in other places in the Indian bill. The Chairman. What is the next item? _ Mr. Meeitt, The next item is, " For the suppression of the traffic m intoxicating liquors among Indians, $150,000." We are asking for this work the same amount as was appropriated last year. There is no change in the language, but we are leaving out a provision of general legislation that was carried in the last Indian appropriation act. The Chairman. Does the justification show that? _ Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; I offer for the record the following justifica- tion for this item: SUPPKBSSIN6 LIQTJOE TBAFFIC AMONG INDIANS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $150, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 100, 000. 00 Amount expended 98, 737. 40 Unexpended balance. 1, 262. 60 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 48, 807. OR Traveling expenses 47, 933. 4-5 Transportation of supplies 24.73 Telegraph and telephone service 565. 48 Printing, binding, and advertising 191. 36 Forage .v 42. 00 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 381.64 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc '. ^ 145.17 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 365. 80 Rent. 240.00 Miscellaneous 40. 14 98, 737. 40 The estimates for the next fiscal year for this phase of our work are for the same amount as that allowed by Congress during the present fiscal year. Our work along this line is, of course, for the purpose of protecting the In- dians from the evils resulting from the use of intoxicants. With the earnest €fforts being made along industrial lines to place the Indian upon a self- supporting basis the need for his protection becomes all the greater in order tliat his earnings may be conserved for the purchase of seeds, implements, stock, etc., and to safeguard his home. The decision of the Supreme Court in the case of United States v. Nice places an increased direct burden upon this office. By reason of the provisions of the general allotment act, the Supreme Court in the matter of Heff (197 U. S., 488) held that the Indians upon receiving trust patents became citizens and that the sale of liquor to them was a matter within the police power of the State. Subsequent to this decision Congress amended said act by the Burke Act of May 8, 1906, which withholds citizenship to Indians until the issuance of the fee patent. The Supreme Court in the Nice case reverses its decision in the Heff case and holds that these allottees remain tribal Indians and under national guardianship and that the power of Congress to regulate and prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquor to them is not debatable. While many cases of the sale of liquor to what are known as citizen Indians are taken into the State courts, yet there are instances where action is not had for the reason that the State authorities are not disposed to afCord pro- tection to the Indians where they are not tax payers. This decision, therefore, will to a certain extent increase the field of operation for this service. 20 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. The fact that prohibition within certain States within the last calendar year has become effective, affects our work to a certain extent, but it does not elimi- nate it entirely. For instance, in the State of Washington where prohibition became etiective January 1, 1916, under the law, each individual is permitted to introduce certain quantities for personal use per month. Alcohol is also allowed to be sold by druggists for external use, without prescription, etc. These provisions are favorable, in a measure, to those who would engage in the unlawful traffic in intoxlcatants and the bootlegger, and it therefore be- comes necessary to keep officers operating in that State for the protection of the Indians. In the State of Idaho, which also became dry at the same time, the position of special officer for the Coeur d'Alene Reservation was abolished. However, conditions have become such that it was necessary to reestablish this position. In the State of Arizona, where prohibition has been in effect, the supreme court has decided that liquor may be brought into the State for , personal use. This has opened the door for the bootlegger, and complaints are now being received relative to the liquor traffic among the Indians. The work in Minnesota under the treaty provisions has kept a large num- ber of officers engaged there exclusively and has increased our operations very m.iterially. Likewise, the payment to the Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles of approximately $9,000,000 and a $2,000,000 payment to the Osages during th& present calendar year has called for the assignment of a large number of officers in the State of Oklahoma for the protection of these Indians. In the fiscal year 1914 there was appropriated for this service $100,000. The reports indicate that the fines assessed against offenders and violators of the Federal and State laws exceeded the amount of the appropriation. Approxi- mately seven-tenths of the appropriation is offset by the fines assessed in the Federal courts. In the fiscal year 1915 the appropriation was $100,000 and the amount of fines in the Federal courts was over $96,000. In 1916, with an appro- priation of $100,000, the fines assessed in the Federal courts amounted to $72,526, out of a total of $88,772. As indicating in part the work of this service, there are submitted herewith several tables indicating the number of cases for selling, introducing, etc., from 1909, and including the fiscal year 1916, and during the latter year for the first and last six months, because of the fact that prohibition became effective in several States on January 1. It will be noted that there was a material falling off in eases in Arizona, Idaho, and Washington since the prohibition laws became effective. However, as said heretofore, it has not yet removed the necessity for the protection of the Indians against bootleggers and others who, of course, are taking extraordinary precautions against apprehension, both by the State and Federal authorities. Our work becomes more difficult and not necessarily less. In Oklahoma, where prohibition was provided for in the enabling act, the greatest number of cases have arisen, as will be noted from the tables submitted. It is a fact worthy of note that the courts are giving jail and penitentiary sentences in a larger number of cases than heretofore ; also that the average fine assessed where no jail sentence is imposed has materially increased. In those cases where a fine and jail sentence have both been imposed, the average fines and jail terms have increased. The fine alone Is not, as a rule, a sufficient deterrent; on the other hand, it acts as an incentive to recover the cash lost The need for the full amount of the estimate exists and the funds spent "in the protection of the Indians is an excellent investment, even though no part thereof should be recovered by the payment of fines or otherwise. It must result In the betterment of the Indians and thereby tend eventually to permit the reduction of the gratuity appropriations for the Indians. INDIAN" APPEOPBIAHON BILL. Table 1. — Nv,mber of cases — Selling. 21 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 state. July 1-15 to Jan. 1-16. Jan. 1-16 to June 30-16. Arizona 72 116 145 132 190 202 1163 7 7 Arkansas Criifomla 177 2 229 i" 166 1 168 1 2 72 , 2 105 18 77 1 38 43 Colorado District of Columbia Florida 7 17 13 1 1 49 3 21 13 2 29 32 Idaho 13 110 47 47 13 37 13 10 14 20 27 38 6' 82 7 12 4 25 14 1 6 1 Iowa Kansas Michigan. Minnesota 30 1 65 41 79 25 68 26 53 Missouri Montana 24 26 38 23 22 43 19 78 5 3 46 11 81 28 24 65 7 21 21 37 9 1 42 20 4 28 95 11 73 31 120 47 142 14 51 8 60 34 Nebraska Nevada 55 New Mexico . 27 NewYork 4 North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma 4 9 3 25 151 11 4 165 49 4 46 1 141 29 4 85 7 55 15 6 36 2 99' 194 26 153 60 12 58 45 7 79 "PfltlTltiylvftTlift South Dakota 9 16 61 3 5 Texas 3 Utah 13 16 92 6 7 90 246 9 3 191 141 2 "■'iss' 72 2 2 99 97 .2 3 130 105 5 2 83 6 "Washington 1 "Wi.snfmsin 42 Total 741 ■ 1,307 1,159 1,051 807 1,048 1,237 443 374 ' Of this number 140 were instituted during the period from July 1, 1914, to Jan. 1, 1915, and the remaining 23 were instituted during the period from Jan. 1, 1915, to June 30, 1915. Table 2.— Number of cases — introducing. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 State. July 1, 1916, to Jan. 1.1916. Jan. 1,1916, to June 30,1916. 2 5 13 11 30 45 5 14 4 4 1 96 2 27 211 4 16 16 7 7 6 2 29 31 2 13 31 2 45 2' 20 59 40 15 2' 32 1 3 11 4 63 2 4 23 16 1 1 78 22 21 4 26 83 7 1 2 1 7 103 14 9 132 21 20 5 1 29 7 ■^6 38 3 25 9 1 12 6 3 1 6 3' 26' 9 18 20 610 31 30 16 9 240 47 90 7 4 h' 4 4 10 5 3 260 7 25 252 5 35 25 12 169 145 South iSakota 4 3 8 32 6 27 91 37 98 25 77 1 40 36 "Wyoming Total 127 153 247 445 619 699 1,421 296 367 1 Instituted during the period from July 1, 1914, to Jan. 1, 1915. 22 INDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. Table 3. — Number of penitentiary sentences. Table 4. — Numlyer of jail sentences. state. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Arizona . 14 20 42 11 14 2 28 5 11 California Florida 1 3 2 2 Iowa 2 1 2 3 2 i' 7 2 Missouri 3 2 34 2 3 2 1 Nebraska 1 9 1 9 1 2 2 7 7 14 10 g, New York North Carolina 6 6 1 26 2 3 18 1 0]rljiVin|Tin, . 1 1 2 3 15 PpTinsylvflTiia , i 3 3 1 12 2 2 3 7 Texas Utah 1 1 1 i' Washington 7 14 2 6 1 2 4 6 7 1 2 2 Total 24 43 85 66 43 99 70 38 State. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1916 Arizona 29 62 66 89 77 8 64 148 18 74 16 1 21 106 66' 5' 68 7 Arkansas 2 California 78 121 98 116 68 1 Colorado Florida 4 22 Idaho 11 1 4 19 14 19 28 nUnois Iowa 43 i9 11 25 3 4 11 7 14 Kansas s Michigan 1 23 Minnesota 13 2 33 6 60 10 9 5 13 8 97 6 26 12 20 9» Missouri Montana 18 4i 12 34 3 60 4 47 1 9 44 6 16 17 11 6 1 46 16 3 18 68 14 127 13 68 10 7» 11 13 8 2 New York North Carolina North Dakota 12 83 2 4 97 9 2 18 80' 15 1 7 5 76 13 4 24 9 232 59 1 17 28 201 42 Oklahoma 48 Pennsylvania South Pakota 1 1 7 Texas Utah 1 45 114 6 Washington 4 8 5 29 69 2 38 60 1 73 62 67 20 2 72 136 3 6» 32 Wisconsin Total 230 566 522 611 465 734 1,011 726 INDIAN APPROPKIATION BILL. 2S Table 5. — Number of persons fined 6«t not sentenced to jail or penitentiary. state. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Arizona ,», 2 3 1 18 1 29 5' 7 Arkansas 1 Cslifomia 43 1 48 29 26 20 13 Colorado Florida 1 Idaho 2 35 8 1 4" 2 Iowa 17 2 1 Kansas 1 MlcWgan 13 8 1 10 4 10 2 1 3 44 Missouri 1 i' 9 3 3 i" 2 6 1 1 3 9 Nebraska 25 9 Nevada 1 1 1 3 1 Oklahoma 2 4 16 12 6 1 2 5 1 3 4' 3 4 g 1 6 2 3 1 1 3 10 Texas Utah. ... . 2 1 2 6 62 4 114 4 2 6 25 1 Wa-shiTigton 40 33 13 2 4 Total 94 175 216 127 59 62 89 9& Takle 6. — Number of cases in State and Fedeial courts. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 State. QQ t2 1 6 3 CO 3 m CQ i to |3 1 ID 3 1 m Ariz Ark 57 5 111 3 94 7 103 3 143 13 15 "56" 212 33 18 10 "■■53" 28 181 1 33 7 11 1 3 Cal 29 122 1 23 206 7 145 8 136 84 9 1 ...... 15 57 72 Fla 4 """97" 3 5 ""s Idaho Io?fa Ill 20 28 2 2 83 72 4 28 15 16 13 5 20 24 ""6 45 8 51 3 12 13 14 3 1 1 1 30 5 1 i 52 36 207 7 42 28 66 28 13 TWinTi 16 4 4 20 27 28 15 147 7 103 11 94 34 68 Mont Nebr 32 2 24 ...... 34 9 77 17 15 4 6 2 8 38 13 40 1 6 4 2 3 67 4 83 5 9 3 8 2 2 71 10 23 21 19 5 9 70 25 1 27 " "4 1 1 """4" """■2" 2 """"2" 3 126 29 177 30 1 1 8 ""■"is Nev N.Mex.... N.Y 17 21 16 3 N. Dak.... Okla Oreg Pa 1 20 4 2 46 3 1 6 1 16 104 8 '35' 6 2 30 4 79 15 2 179 16 4 39 14 "ioe" 203 6 4 """"e" """"e" 11 300 35 1 47 6 7 35 60 350 22 3 16 17 3 23 73 3 ...... 12 32 S. Dak 7 1 7 4 1 16 3 """«" 91 2 t 33' 233 9 3 21 ...... '24" 73 1 4 144 2 1 13 2 3 """56" 212 3 2 52 1 Wash Wis Wyo 6 28 4 68 125 77 6 66 29 3 51 2 Total 290 217 747 422 399 472 575 324 624 116 1,361 162 |l,379 1 198 1,094 271 24 INDIAN APPEOPBIATIOlir BILL. The Chairman. The next is relief and cafe of destitute Indians : For the relief and care of destitute Indians not otlierwise provided for, and for the prevention and treatipent of tuberculosis, trachoma, smallpox, ana other contagious and infectious diseases, including transportation of patients to and from hospitals and sanatoria, $400,000: Provided, That not to exceed $90,000 of said amount may be expended in the construction of nevf hospitals at a unit cost of not exceeding $15.000 : Provided further, That this appropriation may be used also for general medical and surgical treatment of Indians, in- cluding the maintenance and operation of general hospitals, where no other funds are applicable or available for that purpose : And provided further, That out of the appropriation of $400,000 herein authorized there shall be available for the maintenance of the sanatoria and hospitals hereinafter named, and for Incidental and all other expenses for their proper conduct and management, in- cluding pay of employees, repairs, equipment, and improvements, not to exceed the following amounts : Blackfeet Hospital, Montana, $10,000 ; Carson Hospital, Nevada, $10,000; Cheyenne and Arapahoe Hospital, Oklahoma, $10,000; Choc- taw and Chickasaw Hospital, Oklahoma, $30,000; Fort Lapwai Sanatorium, Idaho. ,f 40,000; Laguna Sanatorium, New Mexico, $17,000; Mescalero Hospital, New Mexico. $10,000 ; Navajo Sanatorium, New Mexico, $10,000 ; Pima Hospital, Arizona, $10,000; Phoenix Sanatorium, Arizona, $40,000; Spokane Hospital, Washington, $10,000 ; Sac and Fox Sanatorium, Iowa, $30,000 ; Turtite Mountain Hospital, North Dakota, $10,000 ; Winnebago Hospital, Nebraska, $15.000 ; Crow Creek Hospital, South Dakota, $10,000; Hoopa Valley Hospital, California, $10,000; Jicarilla Hospital, New Mexico, $10,000; Truxton Canyon Camp Hos- pital, Arizona, $8,000 ; Indian Oasis Hospital, Arizona, $10,000. I see you have raised this from $350,000 to $400,000. Mr. Meeitt. The following justification is offered for this item: Relieving distress and prevention, etc., of disease among Indians. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated ($5,000 immediately available) - — $350, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 296, .500. 00 Amount expended 230, 506. 54 Unexpended balance ^ 65, 993. 46 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 80,538.97 Traveling expenses 19, 355. 06 Transportation of supplies 1, 334. 52 Heat, light, and power service) , 1.757.24 Telegraph and telephone service 272. 87 Printing, binding, and advertising , 371.92 Subsistence supplies , a 39, 651. 52 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 9, 932. 49 Forage 2, 281. 06 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 5, 166. 83 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 897.36 Medical supplies 6, 558. TO Live stock 3, 230. 69 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1,401.9^ Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 16, 334. 62 Construction 18, 994. 4| Repairs (to plant) 1__ is! 727. 25 Rent ^ 34. go Miscellaneous 6 (534, 43 230. 506. 54 Note.— Unexpended balance remaining on hand to be applied on contracts for construction of hosiutals and other outstanding obligations. INDIAN APPBOPSIATION BILL. 25 There are in the service, paid from this appropriation— 1 medical supervisor. 1 assistant medical supervisor. 1 special supervisor. 7 special physicians. 13 physicians. 28 nurses. 7 dentists. There are 188 physicians and 67 nurses paid from other appropriations. Relieving distress and prevention, etc., of disease among Indians, 1911— Em- ployees. 1 medical supervisor, at $3,000 \ S3 000 1 assistant medical supervisor, at $2,200 '''2OO 1 special supervisor, at $2,000 2 000 1 special physician, at $1,800 l' 800 5 special physicians, at $1,600 8000 1 special physician, at $1,300 l' 300 1 physician, at $2,000 ''000 1 physician, at $1.600 l' eoo 1 physician, at $1,500 1 500 1 physician, at $1,400 '_ !___ l' 400 1 physician, at $1,300^ 1 300 3 physicians, at $1,200 3' 600 1 physician, at $700 ' 700 1 physician, at $600^—^ 600 1 physician, at $600 600 1 physician, at $320 320 1 physician, at $200 200 1 nurse, at $1,000 1,000 7 nurses, at $840 sj 880 11 nurses, at $720 . r,^ 7^920 2 nurses, at $720^ l' 440 2 nurses, at $660^ 1,320 4 nurses, at $620^ 2^480 1 nurse, at $500 ' 500 3 assistant nurses, at $300 900 1 cook, at $600' 1 600 5 cooks, at $600 3,000 1 cook, at $540 540 2 cooks, at $500" ^ 1,000 1 cook, at $480' __, 480 1 cook, at $420' 1 420 1 cook, at $360' 360 1 cook, at $300' 300 1 assistant cook, at $500 500 1 assistant cook, at $300 300 1 assistant, at $480' 480 1 assistant, at $480 : 480 1 assistant, at $420' 420 2 assistants, at $300' : 600 3 nurse, at $780 780 3 assistants, at $300 900 3 assistants, at $240' 720 3 laborer, at $720 720 2 laborers, at $600' 1,000 8 laborers, at $600 4, 800 2 laborers, at $540 1,080 2 laborers, at $500 ' — 1, 000 2 laborers, at $480' 960 1 laborer, at $480 480 1 laborer, at .$420' .^ 420 1 laborer, at .$420 420 1 laborer, at $300' 300 i laundress, at $600 : 600 1 With subsistence when actually on duty. 26 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. 1 laundress, at $500 ' $500 1 laundress, at $300' 300 1 assistant laundress, at $600 600 1 assistant laundress, at $540 540 2 assistant laundresses, at $500 1. 000 1 assistant laundress, at $360' 360 2 seamstresses, at $600 1, 200 2 seamstresses, at $540 1,080 1 seamstress, at $480' 480 1 janitor, at $240 240 1 nurse and field matron, at $360 360 1 camp matron, at $720 720 1 camp matron, at $600 600 1 assistant camp matron, at $300 300 1 matron, at $600 - 600 1 clerk, at $1,200 1, 200 1 assistant clerk, at $600 600 1 financial clerk, at $1,000 1, 000 1 carpenter, at $840 840 1 dairyman, at $660 660 1 dairyman, at $600 , 600 1 dairyman, at $450 450 1 engineer, at $900 900 1 engineer, at $840 _' 840 1 farmer, at $720 7?0 2 housekeepers, at $600 1,200 2 housekeepers, at $500 1,000 1 general mechanic, at $1,200 '_ 1, 200 1 general mechanic, at $840 840 1 general mechanic, at $720 720 7 dentists, at $1,500 1 10, 500 Total 109, 570 BELIEVING DISTEESS AND PREVENTION, ETC., OF DISEASE AMONG INDIANS. The latest information available concerning vital statistics and disease among Indians indicates : « Cases of tuberculosis 23, 564 Cases of trachoma 37, 564 Deaths 4,570 Deaths of infants under 3 years 1, 303 Deaths due to tuberculosis 1, 347 Death rate per thousand ! 22. 70 The death rate among vi'hites in the registration area, according to the last census is 13.6 per thousand, while that among Indians during the past year was 22.70 per thousand. A large number of these deaths were due to com- municable diseases, for the prevention of which and treatment of which this appropriation is used. In addition to the tuberculosis and trachoma, epidemics of measles, whooping cough, smallpox, and infantile paralysis yearly exact their toll on Indian reservations and must be fought with the means provided by this appropriation. The appropriation is available for the purchase of necessary drugs used In the treatment of disease for the employment of physicians, nurses, and other health employees, for the expense connected with various emergency operations necessary from time to time, and the purchase of vaccines and expense of vac- cination. From it are paid the salaries and traveling expenses of a corps of field physicians, dentists, and nurses, aggregating $75,000. During the winter months it is often necessary to care for indigent Indians who otherwise would suffer and possibly starve to death. In worthy eases of this kind rations and clothing which may be necessary are furnished. During the fiscal year 1917 there were placed under this appropriation over and above projects handled the 5 ear previous the following • Blackfeet Sanatorium, $10,000; Carson Hospital, $10,000; Cheyenne and Arapaho Hospital, $10,000; Choctaw-Chickasaw Hospital, $20,000; Mescalero ' With subsistence when actually on duty. INDIAN APPROPKIATION BILL. 27 Hospital, $10,000; Navajo Sanatorium, $10,000; Pima Hospital, $10,000; Spo- kane Hospital, $10,000 ; Turtle Mountain Hospital, $10,000 ; Winnebago Hospital, $15,000 ; Crow Creek Hospital, $8,000 ; Hoopa Valley Hospital, $8,000 ; Jicarilla Hospital, $8,000; Truxton Canyon Hospital, $8,000. This meant a heavier burden on the appropriation to the extent of $147,000, with an increase of but $50,000 to take care of it, greatly embarrassing the Indian Office in caring for projects already under way. The uses to which the appropriation is put are continually opening wider spheres of influence. Indians are accepting medical treatment, where before they relied upon the medicine man. Moreover, tlie Indian is mixing more with the white race than formerly, and the latter are demanding that the diseases which the Indian is heir to be more successfully controlled. The health of the Indian must not only be adequately protected fojr his own sake, but also for the sake of the white people in the neighborhood in which he lives. • Sick Indians are an economic loss. They are a draft on the Government, and the more nearly we eradicate disease the more able the Indians will be to sup- port themselves, thus ultimately relieving the Government and the taxpayers. That the efforts of the Indian Office are not without avail is seen from the decreasing death rate, as shown by statistics which are yearly becoming more accurate. In view of the additional institutions for the building of which Congress has provided, but has not provided specific appropriations for the maintenance thereof, the additional burdens thrown upon the appropriation during the past year by placing thereunder new projects not handled before, the increasing demands on the appropriation, and the tremendous importance of health work, the increase in the appropriation requested is absolutely necessary to the suc- cessful prosecution of the health work of the Indian Service. Mr. Meritt. This item is a request for an appropriation for the health work and maintenance of the hospitals in the Indian Service. We are asking for an increase of $50,000 in connection with that work. We have constructed during the last two or three years quite a large number of hospitals in the Indian Service, and necessarily it requires more money to maintain these new hospitals. Mr. Carter. Mr. Meritt, last year you had only $300,000? Mr. Meriot. We had $350,000 last year. Mr. Carter. And you have increased this $50,000? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. We very much need this increased appro- priation to take care of the health conditions of the Indians. The Chairman. Additional nurses, hospital supplies, etc., require the additional $50,000? . . . Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; and we will have difficulty in maintammg our health institutions even with this increased appropriation be- cause of the new hospitals erected and because of the general in- crease in the cost of living. The Chairman. Has there been any special reason, such as dis- eases breaking out among the Ihdians anywhere, that you should have $50,000 more? Is the reason indicated m the specification? Mr. Meritt. As is generally known, Indians suffer from tubercu- losis and trachoma, and we are trying to get those diseases under con- trol There are twice as many Indians die from tuberculosis, per capita, as among white people, and there are probably thirty-five or forty thousand Indians in the United States who have trachoma. The Chairman. Is that increasing or decreasing— the number of cases of trachoma? j n xj. .n, Mr Meritt. Our statistics show we are gradually getting those diseases under control, and the death rate is decreasing and the health conditions are improving. The Chairman. Any other questions, gentlemen? 28 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Mr. Raker. Mr. Chairman, before you pass over that I just wanted to before you close the hearirigs this time — ^I want this to go into the record — I want to have a hearing before the subcommit- tee on the Indians in California, the destitute Indians, and then also on the Greenville Indian School and the Fort Bidwell Indian School. The Chaieman. I think there are increases in both schools. Mr. Eaker. There are, but I have made a special study of the sub- ject in my trip home this time. There are many destitute Indians in California ; and also on those two schools, when you get to them, I would like to be heard this time. The ChaiemajST. We will call you, Judge. Before the full commit- tee would be better, I suppose? Mr. Eaker. At any time now, so that I may have a hearing before you get through with the bill. That will be satisfactory. The Chairman. Surely, when California is reached now, before the full committee, if you desire a hearing. Mr. Raker. That is satisfactory. I have a lot of data to present and I desire a hearing. I want to see the superintendent, too, when the time comes. The Chairman. Mr. Meritt, there is an unexpended balance, I believe, in this hospital appropriation item. Did you take that into consideration when you asked for $400,000? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; but that will not be an unexpended balance when we pay the outstanding obligations against this appropriation. The Chairman. You mean you have already incurred debts suffi- cient to wipe out that amount? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Any other questions? Have you any special reason for the increase from $20,000 to $30,000 for the Choctaw and Chickasaw Hospital? Mr. Meritt. That hospital has been completed and we have a ca- pacity there of about 50 patients, and it will be necessary to have a larger appropriation, now that the hospital is complete, to main- tain it. The Chairman. How many patients did you have when this hos- pital was first opened? Mr. ;Meritt. We have just opened it within the last two weeks. This $20,000 will be sufficient to carry on and maintain the hospital for this fiscal year, but for the next fiscal year, because of the fact that the hospital will be open the entire year and will probably be filled to its capacity, it will be necessary to have a larger appropria- tion. The Chairman. You have more applications, then, for the hos- pital than this $20,000 will accommodate? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. » Mr. Carter. Mr. Meritt, how many patients have you in this hos- pital ? How much space have you m that hospital : for how many patients ? Mr. Meritt. We have room for about 50 patients. The Chairman. We will proceed to the next. Mr. Carter. Here are some other items here, Mr. Meritt, that show increases: Hoopa Valley, Jickarilla, Truxton, and Itidiart Oasis Hospital. JNVIAJS APPKOPBIATION BILL. 29 Mr. Meettt. Those are smaU increases from $8,000 to $10,000. askS' f;.1.^'*^ ^^ r^ ''''^^'^'* ^y ^^^ ^^^^ increase tou have asKed for in the general appropriation? ^Ir. Meritt. Yes, sir. in yo^rlSSSon^r^ '"^ "' *^^"' **^«^' ^^^ ^^^ « --«° f- the£'"iS^- ^^ r-- ^^ ^^^^ increased cost of maintaining th^ institutions make it necessary to ask for smaU increases. I be Chaikmax All right; proceed to the next. Mr. ALekitt. The next item is: f«f Trt!^^^ of Indian day and industrial schools not otherwise provided for 7WS^ P^^^Tt^ r^'^^'^'''''' P-^P"-^ ^ connectior?here^t^ il: tte'TDD^?«^ ;.w ^''*'* to exceed S40,000 of this amount may be used for ^rS^i.U^^"*^5'*"' *•* '^^^ «°<^ <»'™'» O'- IJlind Indian children: Pro- ^bL l^n^ for *rr^^*" ^•'^ "^ *'^« «™*»™* l'«^*'» appropriate o^hLi ^^^°2^ 5*"^ *^ tuition of Indian children enroUed in the pubUe schools: Pronded further. That no part of this appropriation or a^r o^ct ^aS'^hafi ^"^'^iff. ^Z ^^'^ ^^-^P* appropriation made pu?^uant^ toeatife^ shall be used to educate children of le^ than one-fourth Indian blood iT^^„5^° ^ *^°^^ "^ *^^ ^'^^ States and of the State wherein thev HT£.^ *.r^?**'®^ ^^^ adequate free school facilities provided and the facif- i?^ the Indian schools are needed for pupils of more than one-fourth Indian Wood: Atid provided further. That no part of this appropriation shaU be used rpr the support of Indian day and industrial schools where specific appropria- tion IS made. i-r »- The folloTving justification is offered for the record : Indian schools, support. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1917 : Amount appropriated SI .550 000 00 Fiscal year ended June 30. 1916 : ' Amount appropriated 1, 500 000 00 Amount expended 1. 436, 701. 09 Unexpended balance > gg 298. 91 Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages 773. 199. 81 Traveling expenses 19,016.91 Transportation of supplies 50! 606. 17 Heat, light, and power (service) 5,957.50 Telegraph and telephone service 1, 433. go Printing, binding, and advertising 661. 46 Subsistence supplies 201. 109. 75 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 131. agg. 66 Forage 30.' 618. 19 Fuel, illmninants, lubricants, etc 77. .572. 49 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 36^ 650. 79 Medical supplies ; 3, SIO. 77 lave stock 5, 122. a5 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 12. 636. 21 Sundry supplies, equipment^ etc 69, 377. 91 Expenses on account of deaf, dumb, and blind 1. 383. .3S Tuition in public schools 9. 439. 49 MisceUaneous 6, 122. 42 1, 436, 701. C19 The amount requested, -§1.700,000. is .?2<:>0.000 more than the amount in the 1916 act and SloO.OOO more than the appropriation for the same purpose for 1917. The fund is required for support and education of Indian children in all * This is not a final balance, as there may 'be outstanding obligan'^iis yet to be chaT£i^ agsLlnst the appropriatiOD. 30 INDIAN APPKOPKIATIOlir BILL. scliools for \Yhich no specific appropriation is made or use of tribal funds autliorized, including day scliools and public schools, where tuition is paid. Of this amount, $40,000 is requested for payment of expenses in connection with the education of deaf or blind Indian children. Defective children who are unfitted for attendance at schools for normal children are being placed in Insti- tutions suited to their needs as rapidly as accommodations can be found for them. From reports for the school year 1916 it is found that there are in all 86,730 Indian children of school age, of whom 5,751 are ineligible for school attendance, leaving 80,979 to be provided for in Government, public, or private schools. The following enrollment is shown : In Government boarding schools, 10,012 ; in nom-eservation boarding schools, 10,612; in Government day schools, 7,140; making a total of 27,764 enrolled in Government schools. There are also enrolled in private and mission schools 5,016, and in public schools 28,463, so far as information has been received. This makes a total of 61.243 Indian children in all schools of whatsoever character. It should be noted that the foregoing data refers to Indian children In all classes of schools, while the information which follows refers only to schools maintained from the fund " Indian schools, support." Changes in capacity, schools using " Indian schools, support," during school year 1915-16. School. Increase in capacity. Decrease in capacity. Note. 95 118 36 31 30 40 24 40 40 60 40 14 20 20 Established during 1916. Pima: Cocklebur . SeestaUlshei during 1916. ' Cheyenne River; Day school No. 2 Day school No. 8 16 30 "24 60 ' Abolished during 1916. Blaekfeet: Burd day school. Children enrolled in public schools. Leech Late: Squaw Point day school. .. Attendance small; pupils transferred to boarding school. Will be conducted by public-school authorities. White Earth: White Earth day school.... Total 608 175 1 Indian capacity about 45; total capacity, 490. INDIAN APPKOPEIATION BILL. 31 Plans for increased capacity which will be available in 1918, due to construction from "Fulfilling treaties with the Navajos," includes the following: School. Present capacity. Capadty, Increase in capacity. 68 160 30 163 250 80 120 308 95 Tohatchi boarding school.. NAVAJO. 100 SAN JUAN. 60 Tsenospas (new) 120 190 118 Total i 493 Note. — This work was begun during 1916, but has not yet been completed. Part ol the additional capacity will doubtless be in use during the year 1917, and all during the fiscal year 1918. Other increases in capacity as follows are contemplated, and will be in use during the school year 1918. Reservation. School. Old ca- pacity. New ca- pacity. Increase Indian Oasis 40 40 40 40 90 40 Do 40 Do Santa Rosa day school 40 Pima Quajote, day school 40 Reservation boarding school 50 40 Total 200 Special emphasis has been laid during the year 1916 on the enrollment of Indian children in public schools, and this will be continued during 1917 and 1918. Although in many cases the children so enrolled were previously in attendance at Government schools, the capacity released through their transfer to public schools is not allowed to remain unused, but is very often used to advantage by children who have heretofore been deprived of education through lack of room or who are just becoming aware of the advantage of education. This policy of increased enrollment of Indian children In the public schools of the States Is believed sound, and the Indian Office attaches great importance to this endeavor and to the need of ample means with which to accomplish this work The fund will be used to secure attendance in public schools by pay- ment of tuition therefor where the States do not recognize the right of the Indian to attend or the State authorities do not feel it Incumbent on them to take active measures to secure such attendance, where compulsory attendance laws applicable to Indians do not exist, or especially where districts contain nontaxable Indian lands and the Indians do not contribute to the support of the district schools. ^ t i- v.i„^/i f^r. Referring to the provisions requiring one-fourth degree of Indian blood for enrollment in the Government schools, this has been in effect since the fiscal vear 1912 Directions calling for adherence to the spirit and letter of the law have been issued, and superintendents of schools are more and more generally oomnlvinar with this requirement. , „ , ,4. The following table shows schools which are mainly or wholly dependent on this fund for support and indicates the character of each-that is, whether boarding or day school-and gives the capacity and average enrollment. 32 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Schools using Indian school support. Day schools. Capac- ity. enroll- ment. Day schools. Capac- ity. Average enroll- ment. Bay Mills Bishop Big Pine : Independence Pine Creek Blackfeet: Heart Butte Old Agency BadgerCreek, Campo Camp Verde Clarksdale Cherokee, N. C: Big Cove Birdtown Little Snowbird Snow Bird Gap Coeur d'Alene: Kalispel Kootenai Colville: Colville day school- No. 1 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No.6 No. 7 No. 9 Cushman; Jamestown Port Gamble Skokoraish Fallon Lo-elocks Fort Apache; Canon Cibecue East Fork Fort Belknap: Lodge Pole Fort Berthold: FortBerthold day school — No.l No.2 No.3 Fort Bidwell: Alturas Likely Lookout Fort Hall: Skull Valley Fort Lapwai: Kamiah Fort McDermitt Fort Peck day school: No.l No.2 No.3 No.4 Fort Yuma : Cocopah Goshute Havasupai Hayward: Lac Courte Oreilles. Kaibab Kickapoo: Great Nemaha Klamath: Modoc Point Yainax Klamath day school — No. 1 No.2 No.3 Moapa.River Moqui: Chimopovy Hoteville-Bacabi Oraibi Polacca Second Mesa Navajo: Cornljelds Luki Chuki 32 60 30 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 30 40 30 30 25 30 30 30 25 25 25 30 25 40 40 25 42 50 40 40 30 30 30 30 30 20 6S 65 1.56 100 90 25 60 30 20 30 25 30 13 30 27 40 15 30 32 35 26 74 45 22 15 40 26 16 18 18 9 16 14 37 34 77 108 73 28 21 33 NeahBav 59 Quilleute 19 Nevada: Wadsworth 12 Pala 25 Capitan Grande La Jolla Rincou Pitaa: Blackwater CasaBlanca Chiu Chuischu Cocklebur Gila Bend Gila Crossing Maricopa Sacaton Santan Pipestone: Birch Cooley . Pueblo day schools: Acomita Cochiti Encinal Isleta Jemez Laguna McCarty Mesita Paguate Paraja Picuris San Ildefonso San Felipe Seama San Juan Santa Clara Santa Domingo. . Sia Taos Red Cliff Red Moon Round Valley Manchester Ukiah Upper Lake Sac and Fox, Iowa: Fox Mesquakie Salt Ri\er Camp McDowell Lehi San Carlos Bylas San Xa- ier , Tucson Shivwits , Shoshone: Arapahoe SiletK Upper Farm Soboba: Cahuilla Mesa Grande Volcan Southern Ute : Allen Spokane day school: No.l No.2 No. 8 Taholah ; Queets River , Tongue River: Birney Lamedeer Tulalip: Lummi Swinomish ... Tule River ; Auberry Burrough ' Now discontinued 29 32 22 25 29 19 28 18 23 31 28 17 33 33 26 28 14 22 18 24 25 19 17 35 31 41 27 60 60 25 30 24 30 14 36 40 40 40 30 40 40 28 40 36 32 28 30 120 120 34 38 38 24 40 60 28 70 40 50 30 70 52 65 80 18 25 30 40 30 80 40 30 100 40 155 35 40 25 50 20 30 30 30 30 33 32 25 36 40 47 40 40 30 30 32 24 INDIAN APPROPEIATION BILL. Schools using Indian school support — Continued. 33 Day schools. Turtle Mountain day school No. 1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 ::::;: Ute Mountain Walker River ........'. Boarding schools. Capac- ity. Average enroll- ment. Blaokfeet Cantonment Cheyenne and Arapahoe. Colorado River Fort Apache Fort BeUmap.. Fort BerthoH Fort Hall Fort Peck Fort Yuma Hoopa Valley JicariUa Kiowa: Anadarko Fort Sill Rainy Mountain Riverside Klamath Lao du Flambeau L'Bupp Mescalero Moqui Navajo Chin Lee Tohatohi Nevada Oneida Otoe BawBBe Pima.. Ponoa Capacity 144 90 150 80 200 51 75 200 120 180 165 108 110 160 155 168 112 160 68 100 125; 300' 166 150 70 140 SO 100 218 90 Average enroll- ment. W 143 85 130 91 214 65 58 130 94 134 168 113 141 178 153 118 86 128 68 101 I 210 114 151 73' 153 63 75 233 101 Day schools. Warm Springs: Simnasho. Western Navajo: Mcencopi Western Shoshone: No. 1 No. 2 Zuni: Zuni Total Boarding schools. Pueblo Bonito. . . Rice Station Sac and Fox San Juan Aneth Toadlena Seger Seneca Shawnee Southern Ute Springfield Tongue River Tulalip Uintah Umatilla... Warm Springs... Western Navajo . Marsh Pass.. Wittenberg Yakima Yankton ■Zuni Fort Lapwai Sanatorium. . SacandFox Sanatorium. . Capac- ity. 30 35 35 34 118 6,010 Average enroll- ment. 21. 43- 31'- 42 143 7,206 Capacity, 180 216 80 150 40 80 79 100 110 50 60 69 180 67 93 100 190 30 110 131 115 6,345 6,505 Average enroll- ment. 140 216 67 190 172 117 59 67 65 153 57 101 97 139 31 127 138 96 114 5,806 2 118 2 57 5,981 * Not in operation. '' Only a small amount of school funds used. Total capacity, allschools using Indian schools, support (except sanatoria) 12 515 Total average enrollment, all schools using Indian schools, support (except sanatoria) 13, 01 2 Note. — The following schools are supported almost entirely from " Interest on Chippewa in Minnesota fund " or " Chippewa in Minnesota fund," but use some " Indian schools, support : " Cass Lake, Fond du Lac, Leech Lake, Nett Lake, Vermillion Lake,, Red Lake, and Cross Lake. The White Earth schools use both Chippewa in Minnesota money and Indian schools support. Indian schools, support, 1916 (tuition in public schools'^)'. — Blackfeet, Chey- enne River, Colville, Kiowa, Leech Lake, Pierre, Ponca, Rapid City, Tomah, Tongue River, Yakima, Flathead, Sac and Fox, Iowa, scattered bands of Indians in Nevada and California. At the rate of $167 per capita on which requests for schools specifically ap- propriated for are based, $969,602 would be required to support the average enrollment in our present boarding schools ; at an estimated rate of $50 per capita for day schools, which is below the average per capita in such schools for 1916, $360,300 would be required to support the average enrollment in day '^ The jurisdictions listed used this fund in payment of tuition during 1916, but since that time the use of this money has been extended to include many other jurisdictions. 71486—16- 34 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL/ schools ; and the total for support of both classes of schools would be $1,329,902. The anticipated increase of 533 in boarding-school capacity and 160 in daj'- school capacity throughout the- service will add $87,011, bringing the total es- timate for support of schools from this fund for 1918 to $1,416,913. The esti- mates of needs submitted by superintendents vising this fund aggregate $1,675,690. To the amount required for support of the schools listed must be added the comparatively small amount used at other schools to supplement tribal and treaty funds, amounts needed for payment of tuition in public schools ($200,000 requested) and for support and education of deaf and blind Indian children ($40,000), the amount required for necessary supervision ($35,400), and for institutes ($3,600). Prices on all commodities have increased to such extent that it has been found impossible to support boarding schools within the per capita limitation of $167 for schools specifically appropriated for. Congress at the last session was impressed with the necessity for an Increase in the maximum allowance from $167 to $200 per pupil and passed a special act so providing (act of Sept. 7, 1916, Public No. 264, 64th Cong.). The schools which are supported from this appropriation are in the same con- dition as to the necessity for increased expenditures as schools specifically ap- propriated for. Moreover, the cost of the reservation boarding schools is some- what in excess of that of nonreservation schools, because the operation of the comparatively small school is more expensive than the operation of a large one; and for the further reason that the small pupils enrolled in reservation schools can not perform as much institutional work as the older pupils enrolled In the nonreservation school. For this reason it is found that it will be im- possible to support the schools maintained from this general appropriation and successfully accomplish the work required for a per capita of $167, which was considered sufficient some years ago. We are asking for an increase of $150,000 in this appropriation. We are gradually increasing the school facilities in the Indian Serv- ice. There is an appropriation of $100,000 for that purpose, which has been carried in the Indian appropriation bill for a number of years, to increase school facilities among Navajo Indians. We have in the Navajo country more than 5,000 Indian children v?ho are now without school facilities, and because of these increased appropria- tions providing new schools it is necessary that we have an increased appropriation for that support, and, in addition, the general condi- tions make it almost impossible to provide and maintain these schools, now on the basis in which they were maintained a few years ago. The Chairman. Now, Mr. Meritt, can you take care of this Cali- fornia appropriation Mr. Eaker spoke of a few moments ago with ^ these additions? Mr. Meritt. The two California schools are provided for specific- ally. They are nonreservation schools. The Chairman. He spoke, I believe, of the general condition of the Indians in that State — would that cover them ? Mr. Meritt. No, sir; we have a specific request for an appropria- tion also for the relief of the destitute Indians in California. ' The Chairman. This $150,000 will not be available for the Cali- fornia conditions? Mr. Meritt. No, sir; we need money to buy land for those Cali- fornia Indians. The Chairman. You have a separate appropriation for that every year, do you not? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; we have that provided for in the estimates this year. The Chairman. I want it understood, so that when we come to it we will have the matter in hand. lA.15^ APPKOPEIATION BILL. 35 Mr. Norton. Permit m j • • tration of the hospitals >i^ ask a question relative to the adminis- maintained out of other f,Tj?? have a number of hospitals that are in the item just preceding this ^^""^ *^°'^ provided for specifically m.Mmirr. tes sir; some' of them are provided out of tribal funds and some out of agency-sup^^^ funds -but with these hos- pitals mentioned in this item it is necessary to have a specific appro- priation for their maintenance, because there are no other funds available for that purpose. Mr. Norton. Can you say of your own knowledge what success the department is having with the use of the larger hospitals that have been established on reservations in this country ? Mr. Meritt. I would say that we are having splendid success with the hospitals. The Indians are just beginning to appreciate the advantages of these hospitals and are utilizing them now more than they ever did before. We have a great many of our hospitals that are filled to their capacity and we have a waiting list. For instance, we opened a hospital on the Blackfeet K«servation about a year ago. Those Indians hesitated to go to the hospital at first, but now we have more applicants than we have capacity in the hospital. Mr. Norton. I made this particular inquiry because last summer I visited one of these large hospitals, or, to be specific, the hospital located at Fort Yates, N. Dak., on the Standing Rock Indian Res- ervation. This is a hospital of modern design and well equipped, costing between $25,000 and $30,000, I believe. The construction work of the building, which was a new one, I might say, was faulty and poor in many particulars ; but while I was interested in observ- ing the value the Government received for the amount appropriated for this building, I was more interested in observing and ascertain- ing the manner in which the institution was being conducted and the benefits received from it hj the Indians. The general manage- ment and conduct of this hospital did not seem to be in very close sympathy with the Indians on the surrounding reservation. The hospital was without any patients and seemed to be rather a place dedicated, or at least preempted, for the use, comfort, and conveni- ence of the physician in charge, his assistants, and servants. There were, however, at the time, conspicuous among the Indians attend- ing the Indian fair being held at the agency the day I was there, several Indians who should have been in the hospital receiving treat- ment. The general impression that I received from visiting the hos- pital and agency was that there was a deplorable lack of sympathy between the weak, helpless, and needy Indians on the reservation and the superintendent in charge of the reservation. The case of one young Indian boy came particularly to my attention. This boy, a young Indian lad, was being housed in a dirty, filthy building, desig- nated as the agency jail, when his physical condition plainly showed that he needed the attendance of a physician and properly should have been under treatment in the costly hospital provided at the iagency by this generous Government. ■ Mr. Meritt. We have written the superintendents directing them to make every use of these hospitals possible ; and there is no reason in the world why the hospital on the Standing Rock Reservation should not be maintained to its capacity, because there are a suf- ficient number of patients on that reservation to make good use of 36 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. that hospital. I am glad you have brought that to my attention. I will have the matter looked into. Was it the superintendent himself or the physician in charge of the hospital ? Mr. Norton. The superintendent there seemed to take the attitude that an Indian should be dealt with rather autocratically and severely than considerately and kindly. The Chairman. The trouble was with the administration, then. Mr. Norton. That is the impression I received. Of course, the atmosphere of aristocratic condescension to at all consider the In- dian, his complaints or needs, which seemed to prevail at the agency while I was there may not have been a permanent condition, but it did occur to me that on all occasions these Indians should be treated considerately and kindly and as human beings rather than as ani- mals of a lower type than humans. Mr. Meeitt. Of course, you understand it is our desire that the superintendents give every consideration to the Indians, and that there be sympathetic cooperation with them in the handling of these hospitals. Mr. Campbell. Why should a superintendent of that kind, who is furnished with money to serve these Indians for their benefit, their help — why should not he be summarily discharged when it is known that he is not in sympathy with the Indians and treats them in the manner in which Mr. Norton indicates this superintendent is treating the helpless Indian boy in this case? Why is a man like that re- tained in the service? Mr. Meritt. a superintendent like that will not be retained if we have information that will justify us in dismissing him. Now, un- der the law, we have to give every civil-service employee an oppor- tunty to be heard before he can be dismissed. This matter will be taken up and thoroughly investigated, and he will be called to ac- count for that condition. Mr. Norton. Permit me to say that I do not wish to lightly make or infer any charges and I do not wish to do anyone in the India^n Service an injustice. The particular case of the young Indian lad I have in mind was one of clear neglect for which there seemed to be no good excuse. This lad and another boy had been arrested for taking some property from an Indian day school on the reservation. He was a boy about 11 or 12 years old. He was detained and housed in a building that was designated as the agency jail, and he was in charge of the head farmer at the agency. Mr. Carter. What kind of property did he take? Mr. Norton. It appears he. took some clothing, books, and other personal property out of one of the day schools on the reservation. He and another boy who had been arrested with him had broken int& this school. The property taken was of no large value. It might have been all right to have taken this young lad into custody, but the indifferent attitude taken toward him by the superintendent and the attitude taken toward him by the head farmer was not in my opinion at all sympathetic or what it should have been. While the fellow was but a little lad, the superintendent and head farmer acted toward him as if he had been a hardened outlaw. From the attitude taken toward him by the head farmer one would be led to believe that it would take a regiment of soldiers to control this boy. My attention was called to the way in which the boy was INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 37 being treated by some of the kind-hearted people at Fort Yates. I requested the superintendent to advise me where I might be able to find the boy so that I could talk with him, but the superin- tendent seemed, on the morning that I made the request to him, to be altogether too busy to attend to such a trivial matter as the troubles of this boy. When after some extended search and inquiry I found the boy he was working in the agency's barn. I was given to understand that the boy was required to work a half day in the barn and was sent to school the other half day. His face was badly broken out with some disease of the skin and he was in immediate need of medical care and attention. The attitude taken toward this lad by the head farmer was amusing if not ridiculous. This head farmer who had the boy in charge seemed to be, in his conversation, prepossessed with the idea that the little lad was 40 Jesse Jameses all rolled into one, whereas at most he was nothing but the ordinary willful, helpless child who needed sympathy, kindness, and care. After I had called the attention of the head farmer to the fact that the boy was in need of medical attention and should at the time have been under treatment at the hospital I was promised that he would be taken there and cared for. Mr. Carter. What was the condition of the jail? Mr. Norton. It was hardly fit for a self-respecting dog to be in, let alone a human being. The Chairman. Do you know the Indian's name ? 'Mr. Norton. The Indian boy's name? The Chairman. Yes. Mr. Norton. I do not now recall his name. I visited other Indian agencies during the summer which impressed me much more favor- ably than this. Whenever occasion offered I took it upon myself to visit Indian agencies so that I might from personal knowledge know how the work is being actually carried on at these agencies. To do justice to the agency at Fort Yates I want to sa,y that the school at this agency seemed to be conducted in a splendid manner. There existed a kindness and encouraging sympathy between the superintendent of the school there, Mr. Witzleben, and the Indian boys and girls under his charge that was altogether different than that in evidence between the superintendent of the agency and In- dian adults and children with whora he dealt. Mr. Campbell. The school superintendent? Mr. Norton. The school superintendent; yes. It was fine. He seemed to be accomplishing most splendid and commendable work. Mr. Carter. Was he superintendent of the agency, too? Mr. Norton. No; not the superintendent of the agency. Mr. Covey is superintendent of the agency. The Chairman. Wouldn't it be the duty of the agency in that case to have taken care of the boy ? , ^ . _ Mr. Norton. Well, I could not find out whose duty it was. I stayed around the agency that morning for several hours to see that the boy was properly taken care of, but I could not attract the atten- tion of the superintendent of the agency to a trivial matter like care of this young lad. . Mr. Meritt. It is the duty of the superintendent of the reserva- tion— ^and Mr. Covey is the superintendent of that reservation — to see that those conditions do not prevail on his reservation, regardless 38 INDIAN- APPEOPEIATION BILL. of the department in which they occur. He is the man in charge of the reservation, and if there are conditions like that prevailing on the reservation he is primarily responsible, as well as the man in the immediate charge of that department is responsible. The Chairman: That is my understanding. Mr. Meeitt. And we will hold Mr. Covey responsible for that condition. The Chairman. Proceed to the next item. Mr. ISIeritt. The next item is : For construction, lease, purchase, repair, and improvement of school and agency buildings, including the purchase of necessary lands and the installation, repair, and improvement of heating, lighting, power, and sewerage and water systems in connection therewith, $475,000: Provided, That of this amount $300 may be expended for the purchase of a perpetual water right and right of way, across the lands of private individuals for the purpose of running a pipe line from a certain spring or springs located near the Sisseton Indian Agency build- ings. South Dakota, to said buildings, the purchase of such water right to include sufficient land for the construction of a small cement reservoir near such spring or springs for the purpose of storing the water so acquired : Pro- vided further, That not to exceed $500 of the amount herein appropriated may be used for the acquisition on behalf of the United States, by purchase or other- wise, of land for a site for the Mesquakie Day School, Sac and Fox, Iowa: Provided further. That this appropriation shall be available for the payment of salaries and expenses of persons employed in the supervision of general con- struction work in the Indian Service, and that not to exceed two of such em- ployees may be assigned to duty in the Indian Office from time to time when their services, in the opinion of the Secretary of the Interior, are necessary : Provided further, That the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to allow employees in the Indian Service who are furnished quarters necessary heat and light for such quarters without charge, such heat and light to be paid for out of the fund chargeable with the cost of heating and lighting other buildings at the same place: And provided further. That the amount so expended for agency purposes shall not be included in the maximum amounts for compensa- tion of employees prescribed by section 1, act of Aug. 24, 1912. Mr. Carter. There is an increase there in the school. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Indian school and agency buildings. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $400, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 430, ooo. 00 Amount expended 340 337 gi Unexpended balance g9 gg2. 99 Analysis of expenditures : ■ Salaries of supervisors of construction and engineering 16 247 9."} Traveling expenses 4' ooq' 3g Printing, binding, and advertising...! Z Z ' 216' 67 Construction ■,-,. (,^-,'00 Repairs (to plant) "i:::::::::::::::::::::: m; III i? Purchase of land To noo'S Miscellaneous -—-—'--IIIIIIIIIIIIIHI 691 67 340, 337. 01 trSl4"o,47T94^ obligations on account of construction of buildings under con- al^l construction, lease, purchase, repair, and improvement of school and agency buildings, including the purchase of necessary lands and the installatfon, INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 39 repair, Improvement of heating, lighting, power, and sewerage and water systems, $475,000 Is requested. This is the appropriation which provides for all upkeep and repair of build- ings at the great majority of jurisdictions and for new construction, the list of such jurisdictions being attached hereto. The value of the present buildings is approximately $7,500,000, and the requests of the superintendents for repair, upkeep, and improvement of these plants and for additions thereto during 1918 amount to $973,209.55. The total amount requested, $-175,000, is Of per cent of the value of the present plants. Allowing, however, $175,000 for new construction needed, the amount for repairs and upkeep amounts to but 4 per cent. There was appropriated for this purpose in — ■ 1913 $480,000 1914 _■ 400,000 1915 440,000 1916 440,000 1917 - 400,000 There has been an advance in the cost of both materials and labor during the past year. Materials have advanced as follows, according to information at hand : Lumber, 25 per cent ; building paper, 34 per cent ; glass, 39 per cent ; building hardware, 30 to 51 per cent ; and paint, 52 per cent. Labor has increased during the same period to a point where the total increase for building purposes is far in excess of 25 per cent. The amount requested, however, is an increase of only 18 J per cent over last year's appropriation. The buildings in the Indian Service receive unusually hard usage, particularly those in use for school purposes, and as many of them are frame structures, some being quite old they require constant repairs to keep them fit for use and to prevent deterioration. Some of the plants have never been completed, and new buildings as well as improvements in heating and lighting and in water and sewer systems are needed, both pupils and employees being frequently subjected to inconvenience and hardships which are detrimental to their health and subversive of the interests of efficiency and discipline. These con- ditions are being remedied as rapidly as funds can be spared, the policy of the office having been to try to care for the property already in existence before considering new construction. The Sisseton Indian Agency, S. Daki, is sorely in need of an adequate water suspply. At the present time all water for domestic purposes is hauled about three-fourths of a mile for the employees at the agency. A well was placed in the agency some years ago, but the water is of such a nature that but very ■ few of the employees will use it. ^ , ^^ ^ , One supervisor who inspected this agency m the year lOlo reported that he was convinced that the agency will need to be maintained for at least 25 years, and in view of this it would seem well to solve the water problem at this agency. There are two springs located about equal distance from the agency buildings and which are approximately the same elevation above the agency site, either of which could furnish a suitable supply of good drinkable water for the ^^if win be necessary to secure a perpetual water right from the owner of one of the springs to lay a pipe line from the spring to the agency and to construct a small cement reservoir to act as a storage place for water from the spring, ^TsTh?CoSroTirortrT?eisty'r62 MS. Compt. Dec, 741 (Aug 12 1012^^ held that an easement is land within the meaning of section 3736 of tte Revised Statutes, which provides that "no land shall be purchased on accoimt of the United States, except under a aw authorizing such purchase t would seem necessary, before the perpetual water right in question could benrchased, that appropriate legislation by Congress be secured. In regard to the proposed language in the item entitled "Indian school and aeencv buildings," which provides for payment of salaries and expenses of per- agency Duiiui"B». sunervision of general construction work and for the rsXnrnt'Stwo Xch employees to' duty in the Indian Office from time to time when S the opinion of the Secretary of the Interior their services are time ^'i^°.i"„"',,,p^^v,g „„ifi that the expenditure of the considerable amount necessary, It ^^^^''^^^^^J^^^^^^^^^ and improvements of Indian school and agencyTundings necessUates'thf employment'of a number of superintendents 40 INDIAN- APPROPEIATION BILL. of construction for the planning of tliese projects at the many Indian schools which are widelj' scattered throughout the several States. The men so em- ployed are trained in this line of work, and their services are necessary In order that the work may be properly done, but more especially in order that these matters may be accomplished at a reasonable and economical price. To do this the men must familiarize themselves with local conditions, determine the character of construction adaptable to the needs and purposes at a given school, and familiarize themselves with the markets from which materials and labor are to be obtained. Aside from their field duties it is also found essential that they shall at times return to Washington for the purpose of preparing or assisting in the prepara- tion of plans and drawings in final form, subject to the administrative control and supervisiop. of the department and the Indian Office. The wisdom of this procedure derives greater force from the fact that the technical men so employed can not carry on work in the field during all sea- sons of the year and at times when the weather precludes building operations. They are employed for the entire year and their salaries paid for such term as in the case of other employees, and their services can not be utilized with greatest profit and advantage to the United States unless they return to Washington for work which must be done there. , Upon completion of such work as may best be accomplished in Washington they will, of course, again return to take up their projects within a given local .jurisdiction. It would be impracticable under present circumstances to have any men regularly employed in Washington go to the field for the performance of the work to be done there, and therefore no other course is at all possible, except the one which this item is proposed to accomplish. The Chairman. The justifications will show the reasons for the increases, will they ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. We have quite a large number of build- ings throughout the Indian country that are maintained and repaired and improved out of this appropriation. The lumber and everything that goes in the improving of these buildings and constructing them has gone up very materially in the last year. Mr. Campbell. Is there an unexpended balance? Mr. MERirT. There is an unexpended balance of $89,000, but there are contracts outstanding to pay for construction work that has al- ready been done that will wipe out practically the entire balance. The Chairman. The work has been completed under contracts or being completed under contracts? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Therefore it will take the unexpended balance to meet those obligations? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Wliat is the next item? Mr. Carter. I notice you have something here for the purpose of necessary land, in line 3, page 7. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; that is new legislation. The comptroller has held that we have not authority to purchase land, regardless of the small' amount involyed, without specific legislation. It is some- times necessary to buy a small tract of land from an Indian on which to erect a day school, and we would like to have that specific authority. The Chairman. You think this language is sufficient for that— " For construction, lease, purchase, repair, and improvement of school and agency buildings, including the purchase of necessary lands and the installation " ? Is that land necessary for the building of schools? Mr. Meritt. Yes; that legislation would give us authority that we desire. We simply want authority to buy small tracts of land when necessary for school purposes. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 41 The Chairman. But this is for the installation, repair and im- provements, and not for the building of school buildings. If you would run the word " building " in there somewhere after the word installation "—suppose you put in the word " building." It seems to relate to heating, lighting and power, sewers and water. Mr. Meeitt. We already have the authority in the first two lines, Mr. Chairman, for the construction and improvement of school and agency buildings, and including the purchase of necessary lands. Then the conjunction comes in and the other is simply the details in connection with that work. The Chairman. In line 5 these words might be sufficient: "in connection therewith." Very well, pass that. Mr. Carter. I notice you have " and sewerage " there. Mr. Meritt. The words "and sewerage" are necessary. We are required to construct sewerage plants at some of these plants and we wanted specific authority for that purpose. Mr. Carter. How have you been doing that in the past? Mr. Meritt. We have been using this appropriation for that pur- pose, but we are constantly up -against fine points raised by the audi- tor and comptroller and we would like specific authority for that purpose. Mr. Carter. Have you not already been doing that under the other language ? Mr. Meritt. We have been doing it heretofore, but there is some question raised about our authority and we thought we would ask specific authority from Congress. Mr. Campbell. That is for the condemnation of land that you con- demned upon which to construct sewers? Or for the expense of the sewer ? Mr. Meritt. It is for the expense of the sewer. We would pur- chase the land from the Indian without condemning it. We would agree upon a price. Mr. Carter. Is the sewer part of the water system ? Mr. Meritt. I do not think it would be so held. The Chairman. My attention has been called to the fact that some- times these sewers in Indian schools open out on another person's land and they have just complaint against the school or against the Government for injury to their own property. Mr. Meritt. Of course, that should not be done. We should take care of our sewers. The Chairman. Could you meet that proposition with this fund we are giving you here? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. It is very necessary that it be done in some in- stances. It was called to our attention some time ago. Mr. Carter. You have got a lot of new matter in here. The Chairman. Well, that, as I understand it, specifically states how these funds shall be expended. Mr. Meritt. We are asking for specific legislation there, beginning with line 6 and reads as follows: Provided, That of this amount $300 may be expended for the purchase of a perpetual water right and right of way across the lands of private individuals for the purpose of running a pipe line from a certain spring or springs located near the Slsseton Indian Agency buildings, South Dakota, to said build- ings the purchase of such water right to include sufficient land for the con- 42 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. struction of a small cement reservoir near such spring or springs for the pur- pose of storing the water so acquired : Provided further, That not to exceed $500 of the amount herein appropiated may be used for the acquisition on behalf of the United States, by purchase or otherwise, of land for a site for the Mesquakie Day School, Sac and Fox, Iowa : Provided further, That this appropriation shall be available for the payment of salaries and expenses of persons employed in the supervision of general construction work in the Indian Service, and that not to exceed two of such employees may be assigned to duty in the Indian Office from time to time when their services in the opinion of the Secretary of the Interior are necessary. Mr. Meeitt. Those are three specific items at the Sisseton Scliool. We are having considerable trouble with our water supply, and it is necessary to go to a spring near the agency to get the water sup- ply that is needed. We are now hauling at that school water for all school purposes several miles, and this small appropriation will enable us to get necessary water for that school. The Chairman. Would not the law be sufficient to justify you to take this $300, or $500, provided here, out of the general ap- propriation without specific legislation? Mr. Meritt. We are taking that out of the general fund. . The Chairman. Could you not do it without this specific legisla- tion? Would you be justified in doing so? Mr. Meritt. We might after this legislation is obtained in the general item, including the purchase of necessary lands. That might cover this specific item, but it might not cover the purchase of the perpetual water right. We thought we had better have specific legislation for that purpose. The Chairman. Then the last item you could leave off and let in the item, $300, we have for the water. Mr. Campbell. That $300, as I understand it, is to be used out of the appropriation? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; there is no additional appropriation. What we want is specific authority to use that amount out of the general fund. The Chairman. Does not this increase the amount at all ? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Mr. Norton. Of those three items, of course, the last is not the least. • Mr. Meritt. The last is an important item. Mr. Carter. Lines 18 to 24? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Carter. You have not anything in the justification for that, have you? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; we have that covered in the justifications. In our building operations at certain seasons of the year we would like to be able to detail to the Indian Bureau a number not to ex- ceed two of the field construction men to help us get our plans for the buildings that are to be erected in the field under specific au- thority of Congress, ready for their construction, and we would like to have authority to bring those people to Washington and keep them here in the Indian Office for a short time, so that they can do that work. It is Indian Office work, and we need the men who have had the actual experience in the field to do that work. Mr. Norton. May I inquire there — you have architects who de- sign the Indian buildings now in your department, have you not? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 43 Mr. Norton. I trust that you have different architects from those you had a few years ago, because the designs of some of the build- ings I have seen I think if they were taken before any jury they would b^ convicted of almost any heinous crime. They are simply outrageous, some of the buildings that have been put up. Mr. Carter. Now, Mr. Meritt, I do not see anything in the justi- fication for this item at all. Mr. Meritt. The justification as printed will cover this item, Mr. Carter. What is the necessity, Mr. Meritt, for mailing this division: "That this appropriation shall be available for the pay- ment of salaries and expenses of persons employed in the super- vision of general construction work in the Indian Service?" Is that covered by the language in the beginning of the item ? Mr. Meritt. We have been making the salaries of certain em- ployees engaged on construction work out of this appropriation, but it is for the purpose of having specific authority for that and also bringing those two employees, who are paid out of the field appro- priation, here to Washington to help us in our construction work for two or three months in the year. The Chairman. In other words, they come here to report and explain what they have been doing in the field, is that it, when they have built buildings or sewers, or anything of the sort, and are called in for it? Mr. Meritt. In addition to that, to help us prepare plans for new construction in the field. The Chairman. Put the office force in touch with the field force, then, for the purpose of consultation? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; and -we get the benefit of those men out in the field doing field construction work here in the Indian Office in the preparation of our plans for new construction. The Chairman. Any other questions, gentlemen? Mr. Norton. Now, is it not a fact that at the present time, under existing conditions — existing administration — of the Indian Bureau you have men in the office who are out in the field at times? Mr. Meritt. We can detail them out in the field; yes, sir. We have specific authority of law for that, but we can not detail field men to the office here in Washington for a considerable time because of prohibitory legislation. The Chairman. The law forbids that? That is my understand- ing. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. The next item is : For collection and transportation of pupils to and from Indian and public schools, and for placing school pupils, with the consent of their parents, under the care and control of white families qualified to give them moral, industrial, and educational training, $7.5,000 : Provided, That not exceeding $8,000 of this sum may be used for obtaining remunerative employment for Indian youths and, When necessary, for payment of transportation and other expenses to their places of employment: Provided further, That where practicable the trans- portation and expenses so paid shall be refunded and shall be returned to the appropriation from which paid and be available for reexpenditure. The pro- visions of this section shall also apply to native Indian pupils of school age under 21 years of age brought from Alaska. 44 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Mr. Meeitt. We are asking for a small increase of $3,000 for that item, and we offer the following justification in support of the item : INDIAN SCHOOL TEANSPOETATION. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $72, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 72, 000. 00 Amount expended 63, 763. 14 Unexpended balance Z' 8, 236. 86 Analysis of expenditures : Traveling expenses 63, 513. 70 Telegraph and teleplione service 249. 44 63, 763. 14 Number of children enrolled in nonreservation schools during the past four years : Pupils. 1913 10,702 1914 10, 857 1915 10, 791 1916 10, 612 Amount requested for 1918 : Transportation of Indifiu pupils $75, 000 Amount available of above for securing remunerative employment for Indian use 8,000 Nearly all of this appropriation is used for payment of transportation of Indian children from their homes to the nonreservation schools and returning them to their homes at the expiration of their period of enrollment. A small amount is used at reservation schools for the transportation of Indian children to Government day schools and to public schools in cases where the children would otherwise be unable to attend. The transportation requested this year is $3,000 more than the amount allotted last year, $3,000 more being requested for the purpose of securing employment for Indian youths than has heretofore been allowed. This is due to a greatly Increased demand for trained young Indian men at automobile and other factories and the necessity for providing transportation for them, in order to enable them to take advantage of the opportunities for employment thus offered. During the fiscal year 1916 it beciime necessary to supplement the transportation fund at some of the schools by the use of miscellaneous receipts, an amount in excess of $1,000 being so used. At otlier schools it was necessary to retain pupils whose terms had expired until 1917 funds were available to return them to their homes. In some cases where Indian children or their parents are financially able to bear the expense of transportation they have been required to do so. Due to the introduction of the new course of study at Indian schools and the eonseauent tnmsfer of pupils from the nonreservation schools who are not qualified for enrollment therein under the new system, the amount required for 1918 will be greatly increased. Another factor in the increase requested for 1918 is that with the elimination of the lower grades from the nonreserva- tion schools pupils who have heretofore been transferred at half fare will have to be replaced by pupils for whom full fare will have to be paid. In the new course of study we find it necessary to transport pupils from one school to another, because of the grades of study, and it will necessarily increase the amount of money that will be used for transportation purposes. There will be only a very small amount involved, however. The Chaiemax. This provision, then,' at the bottom of page 8, line 22: Provided further, That where practicable the transportation and expenses so paid shall be refunded and shall be returned to the appropriation from which paid and be available for reexpenditure. ^■^''i^A^ °°* "^ final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be chareed against the appropriation. = = ., uc i.iia.iseu INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. 45 Why is that necessary? Mr. AIeeitt. We would like to have that authority of law for the reason that we are now procuring employment for Indian boys in a number of automobile factories, and we ought to require those boys to refund money that is advanced to pay their transportation to the factory and then reuse that fund for a similar purpose. The Chairman. Have you not authority now to do that? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. "The Chairman.. The next item is: For the purposes of preserving living and growing timber on Indian reserva- tions and allotments and to educate Indians in the proper care of forests • for tlie employment of suitable persons as matrons to teach Indian women and girls noiiseke^ing and other household duties, for necessary traveling expenses of such matrons : and for furnishing necessary equipments and supplies and renting quarters for them where necessary ; for the conducting of experiments on Indian school or agency farms designed to test the possibilities of soil and climate in the cultivation of trees, grains, vegetables, cotton, and fruits, and for the «nployment of practical farmers and stockmen, in addition to the agency and school farmers now employed, for necessary traveling expenses of such farmers and stockmen and for furnishing necessary equipment and supplies for them ; and for superintending and directing farming and stock raising among Indians, $500,000: Provided, That the foregoing shall not, as to timber, apply to the Menominee Indian Reservation in Wisconsin: Provided further. That not to exceed $25,000 of the amount herein appropriated may be used to conduct experiments on Indian school or agency farms to test the possibilities of soil and climate in the cultivation of trees, cotton, grains, vegetables, and fruits: Provided, also. That the amounts paid to matrons, foresters, farmers, physi- cians, and stockmen shall not be included within the limitatidn on salaries and compensation of employees contained in the act of August 24, 1912. I suppose you had better insert your justifications for them. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; I offer for the record the following justi- fication : Industrial irork and care of timber. 1916. ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURES. Agriculture and stoct Experi mentation. Field matrons. Forestry. Total. Salaries and wages Travelmg e:cpenses Transportation o t supplies Heat, ligbt, and power n made during the last .year. In order i:o get the pi'oi)er results from this large expenditure by giving tlie business tlie same careful attention that a white stockman accords thereto it is al)solutely essential that a largely Increased force of practical and competent stockmen be emi)loy(!d In the Indian Service. The following comparative figures in regard to Indian farming for tlie fiscal years 191.'5 and 1916 show gratifying and substantial progress: Fanning l)y Indians. Year. Qata. 1916 1910 Total. Percent. Able-bodied male adults 42,239 30,277 643,843 42, 487 36, 608 668,862 218 6,381 24,709 O.OOi 17.00 3.70 Number farming Acreage cultivated Encouraging as these figures are, yet, as indicated above, the number of farmei-s now employed Is entirely too small adequately to cover the extensive territory involved in the 068,552 acres of cultivated land (averaging 2,591 acres to each Government former) or to give each Indian farming that close perBonal attention so necessary to successful results. In addition there are 0,799 able- bodied adult Indians not now engaged in farming, with 6,466,716 acres of un- cultivated agricultural lynd on the different reservations. Many of these In- dians are, of course, engaged in other industrial acllvltles, but by far the greater number of them sliould be farming, and It Is liic tusk of the Indian Hervlce farmers to increase I lie number of Indians farming and (lie total cultivated average lo the grealcsl possible extent, as well as lo see thai jiroper and re- munerative melliods .-ire used. In view of (iiese facis 11 is I'ell, llial the addi- tional amount asked for herein is absolutely (!S.s('ritlal to the effecl I ve prosecu- tion of the important work assigned to this particular branch of the service ' This item coiitains a proviso Hrst inserted therein for llie fiscal year 1917' us follows: ' "That no money appropriati'd herein shall be e.\p('nded on or afler .January first, nineteen hundred and KeveMleen, for th(^ eini)loynient, of any farmer or ex- pert farmer at a salary of or in exciws of $.'J0 per month, unless he shall first have procured and filed with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs a certificate INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 49 of competency showing that he Is a farmer of actual experience and qualified to instruct others in the art of practical ajn-iculture, such certificate to be certified and issued to him by the president or dean of the State agricultural college of the State in which his services are to be rendered, or by the president or dean of the State agricultural college of an adjoining State : Provided, That this pro- vision shall not apply to persons now employed in the Indian Service as farmer or expert farmer : And provided further, That this shall not apply to Indians employed or to be employed as assistant farmer." Pursuant thereto letters were written to the president or dean of every agri- cultural college which will likely be called upon to furnish such certificates, with the view of eliciting their ideas on the subject, but the consensus of opinion among them is that it will be extremely difficult to get persons whom they are willing to certify as possessing the desired qualifications, to accept positions in the Indian Service at the small salaries paid. Of the 258 farmers now in the service 207 receive $900 or less per annum, the highest salary paid being $1,200 (only 25 receiving that amount) ; while men doing similar work for other branches of the Government receive an initial salary of from $1,200 to $1,400 per annum with good chances of promotion. The' extracts quoted below from the reports referred to are typical and clearly set forth the dlificulty men- tioned. " There is little chance of securing good men who have graduated from the agricultural college, and have had experience, at the salary you are able to pay." " Although this institution graduated last June more than 100 young men from the degree courses in agriculture, and the number is increasing from year to year, it is not probable that, at the salaries indicated, a sufficient number of such graduates would be interested to fill all of the positions." " The difficulty will be to find capable men at the salaries named. In this western country the general rate of wages and income is such that a really efficient, practical farmer who is qualified to instruct others, should not accept a salary of $600 to $700 per year. If he is a man of any maturity the fact that he is willing to accept the compensation is looked upon as an unfavorable symptom. The standard wage for a graduate of the college of agriculture is $1,000 per year. Graduates seldom accept less than $900 unless they lack prac- tical farm experience and wish the position in order to advance their education further." " Inasmuch as the salaries you mention are small, it will be practically im- possible to get college graduates of proper quality to apply for these positions." " However, the entrance salaries of $600 to $900 a year are very low for men who have spent four years in getting an agricultural education, especially after they have had a sufficient amount of practical experience and qualified for the instructing of others. The type of men you will need is about the same as the county agents who are being paaid in our State from $1,500 to $2,400 per year." Farmers and stockmen paid from industrial work and care of timber (agriculture and stock), 1917. (1 supervisor of farming. $3,000.) Farmers. Stockmen. Grand Salary. Number. Total. Number. Total. total. 1 a SI, 500 3,600 $1,500 25 1 $30,000 1,100 33,600 1,100 1 8 10 2 1 4 3 1,020 8,000 9,000 1,680 800 3,120 2,160 1,020 17 75 22 17,000 67,500 18,480 25,000 76,600 $840 20,160 800 22 33 1 17, im 23,760 660 20,280 25,920 S660 • JgQQ i' 600' 660 600 »540 7 2,100 2,100 $300 204 178,300 34 31,480 209,780 71486—16- 50 INDIAN APPBOPEIAnON BILL. Farmers and stockmen paid from other funds. Farmers. Stockmen. Agency. Num- ber. Salary. Total. Num- ber. Salary. Total. 1 S900 1900 Do 1 $1,800 SI, 800 1 1 840 900 840 900 Cheyenne Eiver . . Do 1 1 900 540 900 540 Do 2 1 1 1 1 720 900 720 800 840 1,440 900 720 800 840 Do Do 1 1 1 1 1 1 $900 1,200 1,000 900 600 480 S900 "i'iio' Do 1 780 780 Do Do Do !Fort Belknap Port Berthold 1 1 1 1 1 900 900 720 840 1,000 900 900 720 840 1,000 Fort Hall Do JicarUla 1 900 900 Keshena. . 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1,100 780 840 780 840 720 900 720 900 1,100 1,660 840 1,660 840 720 1,800 720 900 Do Kiowa Do Do Do Leech Lake Do Lower Brule 1 900 900 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 900 720 780 1,200 1,000 720 900 900 720 780 3,600 1,000 720 900 Moqui Osage Do Pawnee Red Lake 1 1 2 600 1,200 900 600 1,200 1,800 San Carlos Do 1 1,000 1,000 Shoshone 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 720 720 720 900 720 840 720 720 720 1,620 Do Sisseton Southern Utes Do Standing Rock . . . 840 Tongue River 1 1,000 1,000 Do 1 1 2 1 1 720 780 900 900 900 720 780 1,800 900 900 Truxton Canyon. Uintah and Ouray 1 1,200 1,200 XJte Moiintain Do Do 1 900 900 Western Navajo. . 1 900 900 Fund. Support of Indians ot Blackfeet Agency, Mont., 1917. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of Cheyenne and Arapahoe, Oklahoma, 1917. Cheyenne River Reservation, 3 per cent fund. Do. Interest on Cheyenne River Reserva- tion, 3 per cent fund. Coeur d'Alene 3 per cent fund. Interest on Coeur d'Alene, 3 per cent fund. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of Sioux of different tribes, employees, 1917. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of Rocky Boy's Band of Chip- pewas and others, 1917. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of Bannocks, Idaho, em- ployees, 1917. Support of Indians, Fort Hall Reserva- tion, Idaho, 1917. Support of Indians, Fort Peck Agency, Mont., 1917. Support of Indians in Arizona and New Mexico, 1917. Interest on Menominee log fund. Do. Apache, Kiowa, and Comanche, A per cent fund. Indian moneys, proceeds of labot. Support of Wichitas and affiliated bands. Chippewa in Minnesota fund. Support of Indians in Arizona and New Mexico, 1917. Support of Sioux of different tribes, employees, 1917. Support of Indians in Arizona and New Mexico, 1917. Do. Do. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Do. Support of Pawnees, employees, Oklsi- homa, 1917. Chippowas in Minnesota fund, 1917. Proceeds of Rosebud Reservation. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Do. Support of Shoshones, employees, 1917. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Interest on Sisseton and Wahpeton fund. Interest on Confederated Bands of Utes, 4 per cent fund. Do. Indian Moneys, proceeds of labor. Do. Support of Northern Cheyenne and Arapahoe, Montana, 1917. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of ConfederatedBands of Utes Interest on Confederated Bands of Utes, 4 per cent fund. Do. Support of Indians in Arizona and New Mexico, 1917. INDIAN APPEOPBIAHON BILL. Farmers and stockmen paid from other funds — Continued. 51 Farmers. Stockmen. Agency. Num- ber. Salary! Total. Num- ber. Salary. Total. Fund. Western Sho- 1 8900 $900 Support of Indians in Nevada, 1917. Chippewas in Minnesota fund_, 1917. General expenses Indian Service, 1917. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of Indians ia Arizona and New Mexico, 1917. shone. White Earth : 1 1 1 1 $840 720 900 1,000 1840 720 900 1,000 Winnebago Yakima Zuni Total 54 46,220 19 17,720 General summary. Fund. Industrial work and care of timber. Other. Total. Positions. Tribal. Gratuity. Num- ber. Amount. Num- ber. Amount. Num- ber. Amount. Num- ber. Amount. 1 204 34 J3,000 178,300 31,480 1 258 53 S3, 000 29 15 $26,220 14,120 25 4 J19,940 3,60a 224,520 49,200 Total 239 212,780 44 40,400 29 23,540 312 276,720 EXPEBIilENTATION. Provided further, That not to exceed $25,000 of the amount herein appropri- ' ated may be used to conduct experiments on Indian school and agency farms to test the possibilities of soil and climate in the cultivation of trees, cotton, grains, vegetables, and fruits. The money to be expended for experimental work is largely for the purpose of continuing operations along this line already in progress and to inaugurate such work at other places where the need therefor becomes apparent. It is, of course, the general policy of the Indian Service (in line with the best agricul- tural practice of the day) to conduct experimentation and demonstration work on the farms of the Indians, so that they may not only see directly what can be accomplished on their lands but also take an active part in experiments and discoveries along agricultural lines. There is a certain amount of experimenta- tion work being done which, because of the discouraging effect of failure upon the Indians ought to be prosecuted at some central point under the direction of experts and when definite and certain results are accomplished the adapta- bility of the various seeds, plants, and trees can then be brought to the atten- tion of the Indians with more hope of success. The largest and most important station for such work in the Indian Service is at Sacaton, on the Pima Reserva- tion in Arizona, conducted under a cooperative agreement with the Department of Agriculture Manv useful plants have been developed, and these are bene- ficial not only to the Indians of the reservation but also to those on other reser- vations where similar conditions prevail, and to the whites as well. As a result of the experimentation work on this farm, a long-staple Egyptian cotton has been developed, which is now grown extensively by both Indians and whites in that section. In addition, tests are being made with Peruvian alfalfa, Mexi- can June corn, Bermuda onions, fruits, nuts (particularly the pecan), trees, and ^"^ A? thp^ San Juan School in New Mexico experimentation is being carried on under the direction of practical farmers, and excellent results have been accom- Dlished Various kinds of alfalfa, fruits, grains, melons, trees and vegetables are being experimented with, and the Indians are furmshed with seeds and cut- 52 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. tings from the varieties which the experiments show to be best adapted to local conditions. FIELD MATRONS. For the employment of suitable persons as matrons to teach Indian women and girls housekeeping and other household duties, and for furnishing neces- sary equipment and supplies and renting quarters for them where necessary. The following statement shows the number of field matrons now in the service and paid from this appropriation at the different ' salaries : Field matrons paid from, industrial work and care of tim,ber. Number. Salary. Total. Number. Salary. Total. 4 '. S840 780 720 660 600 S3, 360 1,560 24, 480 5,280 4,800 11 J300 150 t3,30a 150 2 1 Total.... 8 .. . 41,780 8 Total number of field matrons, 68. It is the duty of field matrons to visit the Indian women in their homes and to give them counsel, encouragement, and help in the general care of the house and surroundings, hygiene, and sanitation ; the preparation and serving of food; the keeping and care of domestic animals, Including dairy stock; the care of children and of the sick ; the observance of the Sabbath ; the organization of societies for building up character and for Intellectual and social improve- ment ; and anything else that will promote the civilization of the Indians, par- ticularly with respect to their home life and surroundings. The industrial progress of the Indians is largely dependent upon their health. Thousands of dollars are expended each year for promoting the education, civilization, and self-support of the Indians, and for physicians and hospitals for the treatment of disease among them. But all this vast expenditure will result in little permanent benefit to the Indians if they have not the health and strength necessary to do their part In carrying out this extensive industrial program, and If we do not remedy the conditions which breed disease on the theory that " prevention Is better than cure." In this important work the field matron occupies a necessary and vital place. According to the latest figures the Indian population of the United States under Federal supervision Is 312,654. The number of field matrons now em- ployed (68) averages only 1 matron to every 4.599 Indians. It will thus be seen that the number of field matrons employed is entirely too small to get proper results. In addition the funds available have not permitted the pay ment of salaries sufficiently high to attract the best class of properly qualified women for this Important work so vitally necessary to the welfare and progress of the Indian race along the lines of modern civilization. By reason of the $25,000 reduction In the total amount of the appropriation ■' Industrial work and care of timber," for the current fiscal year, only $57,500 thereof could be allotted for this important work, which has proved entirely insufficient to meet the actual needs of the service for the matrons now em- ployed, with respect to. salaries, equipment and supplies, traveling and incidental expenses, etc. In fact It has been necessary to abolish several of the field- matron positions owing to the lack of funds with which to support their activi- ties and in order to provide money for the necessary expenses of other matrons. ' This, In part, explains the reduction in the number of field matrons employed from 79 during the fiscal year 1915 to 63 for the present fiscal year, as set forth above. If the increase of $75,000 asked for herein is granted In the total amount of the appropriation it Is proposed to allot $42,500 thereof for the field matrons' work, making a total of $100,000 which will be available therefor during the fiscal year 1918. This amount will permit the employment of 80 additional ma- trons (at $720 each for salary and $680 for equipment and expenses) every one of whom Is badly needed to assist in the important work assigned to this par- ticular branch of the service, as many of the reservations have no field matrons at all, although badly needed thereon. In fact 79 applications from superintendents for the establishment of such positions were denied during the past year owing to lack of funds The need seems to be greatest on the following reservations: INDIAN APPEOPEIATION" BILL. 53 Blackfeet i California-^ ~_~_ I_II_II 5 Puget Sound _ _ 4 Salt River . 2 Shoshone ^ __ 2 Siletz II__ 1 Spokane 1 Truxton Canon 1 Uintah and Ouray 3 Warm Springs ; 1 Western Navajo 1 Total ^ 31 Fallon Fort Hall ^ " J Fort Mohave IZ_III~I~~ 1 Keshena __" ~~_ 2 La Pointe _~-V_VLlI_ II~I~~ 1 Moapa River II "_"" 1 Nett Lake^ ' II__~~I ~~ 1 Omaha I II_II~ 1 Otoe ^IIIIIIIIIII 1 +,-Z^^rS^'^^^®® °* *® field-matron work depends a great deal upon proper facili- ties, mere must be adequate quarters, a good team, and certain supplies, such as special food for the sick, clothing for the indigent, condensed milk lor inrants, etc., besides traveling expenses, which are necessarily incurred in many cases. FORESTRY. For the purpose of preserving living and growing timber on Indian reserva- tions and allotments and to educate Indians in the proper care of forests. General supervision. Position. Number. Salary. Per diem and ex- penses. Total. Supervisor of forests $2,250 2,000 2,000 2,250 1,800 1,400 1,100 $1,350 1,500 1,200 1,350 600 600 600 $3,600 3,500 3,200 3,600 2,400 2,000 1,700 Do Do liUmberman Do ■ Torest assistant Do Total 7 12,800 7,200 20,000 Deputy supervisors. Reservation. Number. Salary. Ejcpenses. Total. Colville $1,400 1,600 1,300 1,300 1,600 1,500 1,500 $600 200 200 200 200 600 200 $2,000 1 800 Flathead Fort Apache 1,500 1,600 1,800 2,100 1 700 TTlalriiith Yakima Total 7 10,200 2,200 12,400 G- lards, rangers, etc. Guards. Rangers. Ex- penses. Reservation. Number. Salary. Number. Salary. Grand total. Em- ploy- ees. Months. Month- ly. Total. Em- ploy- ees. Months. Month- ly. Total. Blackfept 2 8 5 7 12 10 12 5 12 12 5 $75 70 75 83J 75 90 75 75 $1,050 «40 750 1,000 2,625 1,080 2,700 1,875 $1,050 840 1 12 $i66 $1,200 $200 2,150 •CoIvtIIp 1,000 2,625 1,080 2,700 1,875 Flathfiad Do 54 INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. Guards, rangers, etc. — Continued. Guards. Rangers. Ex- penses. Reservation. Number. Salary. Number. Salary. Qrani total. Em- ploy- ees. Months. Month- ly. Total. Em- ploy- ees. Months. Month- ly. Total. 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 7 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 12 12 6 S 12 6 12 12 12 6 6 4 6 6 6 6 12 12 12 6 12 12 6 2 12 5 4 $75 80 50 50 100 75 75 50 . 83J 75 50 70 60 75 50 40 75 60 60 • 60 75 80 75 75 S3J 75 75 $1,800 1,920 600 500 1,200 900 1,800 600 1,000 3,160 900 840 900 450 600 480 900 720 720 1,080 900 960 750 460 1,000 760 900 ti,m 1 12 $911 ii,i66 3,020' 600 1 1 12 90 1,080 $100 200 1,680 2,300- 2,400 Klamath . . 21 12 91$ i,io6 5,250 Lac du Flambeau 900' 840 900 1 12 915 1,100 200 1,750 BOO Nptt Lakp 480 1,620' Rpd Cliff 720 1 12 100 1,200 200 2,480' 900 1,710 Do Siletz 450 1,750 Do 11 1 12 12 100 913 1,200 1,100 300 3,500 Tulalip 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 1 6 1 5 12 12 4 12 3 6 4 12 2 12 5 100 75 60 60 30 75 76 76 50 80 80 1,200 900 240 600 180 460 2,100 900 600 960 2,000 200 1,400 1,140 Bo Uintah and Ouray Do 780 Umatilla 460 21 12 100 1,200 3,300 White Earth 1,600 Do 2,960 Do Total 103 48,820 9 10,280 1,400 eo.SDO 1 Scaler. 2 Forest assistant. The statement given below shows the estimated amount which will be needed for general forestry work during the year, including labor and material for road, trail, and telephone repairs, and for fire fighting and timber estimating : Reservation. Amount. Reservation. Amount. BlacWeet $300 300 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 300 400 300 300 Red Cliff $300 Red Lafee 2,300 30O Flathead San Carlos 30O 2,000 2,000' 4,000 4,000 Hoopa Valley Taholah lOamath Lac du Flambeau Total 27 lOO INDIAN APl'EOPEIATION BILL. 55 Classifica(;ion. Purpose. Employees. Upkeep re- pairs, etc.i Total. Number. Salaries. Expenses. Gei;eral supervision 7 7 112 $12,SP0 10,200 59,100 $7,200 2,200 1,400 $20,000 12,400 60,600 27,100 Deputy supervisors' Guards, rangers , etc Labor and material $27,100 Total 126 82,100 10,800 27, 100 ' Includes fire-fighting and timber estimating. It will be noted that the actual needs o:f the service for salaries and wages, expenses, equipment, upkeep and repairs,, and fire fighting and timber esti- mating for the fiscal year amount to $120,000, which Is the total proposed allot- ment from the general appropriation for this work. Reports from superin- tendents as to the needs of the service with respect to permanent forestry im- provement work show that an expenditure of $300,000 could profitably be made therefor. All these permanent improvements are required for the adequate protection of Indian timber. It is usual to maintain a rather large reserve in this fund to meet emergencies in the form of forest fires, the expense of which this year must necessarily come from the $27,100 estimated for labor, material, etc., if required, as the total amount available will not permit of a special re- serve for this purpose. As additional fire-prevention facilities are provided la the way of trails, fire lines, telephones, and lookout stations, the yearly reserve for this purpose can be proportionately reduced. Proposed expenditure of $15,000 increase. EECAPITULATION. Purpose. Fund. Agricul- ture and stock. Field ma- trons. Forestry. Total. Salaries and wages Equipment and supplies Traveling expenses Miscellaneous Total $10,000.00 10,000.00 6, 000. 00 833. 33 $21,600.00 15,000.00 4,O0O.OO 1,900.00 $3,000.00 2,000.00 500. 00 1, 166. 67 $34,600.00 27,000.00 - 9,500.00 4,400.00 26, 833. 33 42,500.00 6, 666. 67 75,000.00 Experimentation, none. Mr. Meeitt. We are asking for an increase of $75,000 in this item. This item takes care of several branches of the Indian Service, in- cluding the farmers, the matrons, and the experimental work among Indians, and also for the forestry department. There has been a tremendous activity along industrial lines among the Indians in recent years, and we would like to have an increased appropriation not only for that work, but also to increase the number of field matrons to go out among the Indian homes and teach the Indian women modern methods of housekeeping and sanitation. If we can get this appropriation increased we will increase the number of matrons probably 30 or 40. Mr. Caetee. What line are you speaking about? 56 INDIAN APPROPBIATION BILL. The Chairman. Line 5, page 9. What report have you on the cotton question from Arizona and California? Mr. Meeitt. We have splendid success in cotton in Arizona and southern California. The Chairman. What character of cotton are you raising there ? Mr. Meritt. Raising long, staple Egyptian cotton. They are get- ting a very high price for that cotton, and it is becoming an im- portant industry in both southern California and in Arizona. The Chairman. Do the Indians take an interest in doing this work? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; Pima Indians began this work, and they have developed it to quite a large extent. The Chairman. The first I ever saw of it was at Sacaton, on the .Gila River. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Are they still following up that industry there ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; this appropriation was used for the begin- ning of that work, and has been used to a very great advantage, not only to the Indians, but to the white people as well, because the white people have profited by the experimentations carried on under this appropriation. The Chairman. In other words, the Indians set the boundaries, or showed the whites how they should farm in that part of the country ? Mr. Meritt. So far as the cotton in Arizona is concerned, they did that. The Chairman. That is the only cotton I saw in Arizona^ that is raised by the Indians. The whites had not done it at that time. Mr. Meritt. They are getting a very large price for their cotton. Mr. Campbell. Let me ask, why is it necessary to have an appro- priation every year, for instance, for the testing of soil on Indian reservations ? Mr. Meritt. This is a general appropriation and does not apply specifically to any particular reservation. Mr. Campbell. Yes ; but we have been appropriating for years for soil tests on Indian reservations. After a soil test is once made, is not that a matter of record ? Is not that all ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. Why is it necessary, then, to repeat that appro- priation and that investigation ? Mr. Meritt. We do not repeat it aS to that particular reservation, but we can go to another reservation and carry on the work on another reservation. Mr. Campbell. Do you know how this money is expended and where it is expended ? Mr. Meritt. This money is being expended under the cooperation of the Indian Bureau and the Department of Agriculture. The De- partment of Agriculture has certain men who are devoting consider- able time to the study of soils and the development of new industries among Indians. Mr. Campbell. Do you know how much money was expended by the Indian Bureau last year for soil surveys in the Indian reserva- tions? INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. 57 Mr. Mehitt. The total was about $15,000 expended for experi- mentation purposes, which included soil surveys. Mr. Campbell. To whom was money paid on account of soil sur- veys? Employees of the Indian Service or employees in the Depart- ment of Agriculture? Mr. Meritt. Employees of the Department of Agriculture, who are cooperating with our bureau. Mr. Campbell. Were thej^ paid out of the Indian funds or out of the appropriation made for the maintenance of the Department of Agriculture ? Mr. Meritt. We asked them to do this specific work for us ; they were paid out of our appropriation. Mr. Campbell. Well, are their accounts kept between the two de- partments so that there shall be no duplication of pay ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. Who keeps those accounts? Mr. Meritt. Both the Agricultural Department and our depart- ment, and we check them up and agree on the amount to be paid. Mr. Campbell. For instance, if a man is assigned to an Indian reservation from the Bureau of Soil Survey, his salary stops in the Department of Agriculture, and his expenses, when he begins on the Indian reservation? Mr. Meritt. Not necessarily, because the Department of Agri- culture very frequently sends men to Indian reservations very largely at their own expense. Mr. Campbell. Then why is it necessary to appropriate in this bill for soil surveys, if it is done by the Department of Agriculture at its own expense? Mr. Meritt. They have established a station on the Pima Reserva- tion in Arizona, and that is the headquarters for the southwest. There are certain fixed charges in connection with that work, and we deem it our duty to cooperate with them and get appropriations to continue that work. Mr. Campbell. Well, if they do the work why do you deem it nec- essary to cooperate with them, if they pay for it? Mr. Meritt. But they have not sufficient funds available to meet these expenses, and it is necessary for us to get part of the appro- priation in our bill. Mr. Campbell. What is the expense entailed in a soil survey made by the representatives of the Bureau of Soil Surveys of the Depart- ment of Agriculture .to the Indian Service. Mr. Meritt. The total expense ? Mr. Campbell. No; what possible expense could there be to the Indian Service if a man is assigned from the Bureau of Soil Surveys in the Department of Agriculture to make the survey? Mr. Meritt. They sometimes require us to pay their expenses. Mr. Campbell. Well, but the Department of Agriculture will come in with its bill and make appropriations for all these employees in the Bureau of Soil Surveys. ' Mr. Meritt. ,If they would do that, of course, we would not ask this appropriation. Mr. Campbell. But they do. Mr. Meritt. But they call on us to meet certain expenses. Now, for example, they wanted more than we were able to set aside for 58 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. them this vear. Because of the pressure on this appropriation we only allowed them $15,000, whereas I think they asked for either $20,000 or $25,000. Mr. Campbell. Well, is the Government then— and I mean by the Government the Indian Office and the Department of Agriculture-S- paying these men from two sources for doing the same work ? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Mr. Campbell. What way have you of knowing that we are not ? Mr. Meeitt. Well, the accounts Mr. Campbell. If they are paid for out of both — if they are pro- vided for in the Indian bill and also in the Agricultural appro- priation bill Mr. Meeitt. They are paid on vouchers, and we check up those vouchers in the two' departments, and it is a matter of record in both departments as to the amounts paid for this work. Mr. Campbell. And the time they have expended ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. An account is kept in the Department of Agri- culture of each employee — where he is, what his expenses are — and also in the Bureau of Indian Affairs ? Mr. Meeitt. I think so. Mr. Campbell. When you have an employee from the Department of Agriculture, you know just how long you had him and what his expenses are? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. I think the record would show that, Mr. Campbell. I think there is no possible chance for us to pay one man twice for doing the same work. Mr. Campbell. It seems rather odd that a salaried employee of the Department of Agriculture would be paid out of the Bureau of Indian Affairs for making soil surveys. Mr. Meeitt. The Department of Agriculture will submit those bills to us for payment and we will pay them on vouchers. 'Those vouchers are audited by our office and the auditor. Mr. Campbell. I wish you would send the subcommittee a specific instance where an employee of the Bureau of Soil Survey has ren- dered service to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, with data as to his time and pay and expenses. Mr. Meeitt. With reference to this item, I wish to submit the following : This appropriation reads in part as follows : "And provided further. That not to exceed $25,000 of the amount herein appropriated may be used to conduct experiments on Indian school or agency farms to test the possibilities of soil and climate in the cultivation of trees, cotton, grains, vegetables, and fruits." The expenditures therefrom during the fiscal year 1916 w6re as follows: Salaries and wages $5, 764. 24 Traveling expenses 93. 89 Transportation of supplies 688. 91 Forage— ^ 317.16 Fuel and illuminating oil 300. 00 Work animals 1, SOO. 00 Implements and tools 1 1, 065. 34 Supplies and equipment 1, 695. 40 Construction 3, 391. 33 Repairs 183. 93 Miscellaneous . 574,98 Total 15, 875. 18 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 59 The greater portion of this money Is expended In connection with the coop- erative farm at Sacaton, on the Pima Reservation, in Arizona, operated jointly py this service and the Bureau of Plant Industry, under which the Agricultural Department furnishes experts frona their scientific staff, paying the total sal- aries and expenses of such employees, and the Indian Service furnishes one farmer, all common labor necessary, and the supplies and equipment required for the successful operation of the farm. Each department pays directly those expenses properly chargeable to it under the agreement. All expenditures from this appropriation are made in the usual manner on proper voucher, as required by the law and regulations. The only specific Instances which can be found in the files since 1910 where employees of the Bureau of Soils have visited Indian reservations or schools are as follows : Reservation. Year. Employee, Nesqually 1911. H. L. Westover. Fort Hall 1913 C. F. Marbut. Albuquerque 1913 M. H. Lapham. No record can be found of the payment of any portion of the expenses of such employees by this office. For the past several years, so far as the records show, the only services rendered to this oifice by the Bureau of Soils have been to analyze samples of soil and water sent to it here from dlfEerent reservations and schools for which It Is understood no charge Is made. However, other branches of the Department of Agriculture have cooperated very willingly with this office in behalf of the Indians in the inspection of live '^tock and dairy herds, tuberculin tests, boys' and girls' club work, stereoptlcon lectures, and other phases of agricultural extension work. In many cases this work has been without any expense whatever to the Indian Service, but in others the traveling expenses of such employees in going to and from the reservation have been paid. The Chairman. Mr. Meritt, is it not a fact that you cooperate with other branches, for instance, irrigation and surveys of public lands and forestry, prevention of fires and all that? Do you not co- operate in some instances with the Agricultural Department and some instances with the Interior Department. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. And you divide the expenses along the same lines ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; we are cooperating with other bureaus of the Government, and we divide the expense. Mr. Campbell.. And the data in this case would be similar to the data in the other cases where you exchange or take over em- ployees? . „ . Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; for example, the Keclamation bervice proper is doing the reclamation work on certain projects in Montana. We pay for that work out of specific appropriations carried in the Indian bill. The Keclamation Service certifies to our bureau the cost ac- counts and the labor accounts, and we approve those accounts on vouchers submitted, and pay the bills. . .,, , ^ , ,. The Chairman. You have the same thing m Idaho, I believe, with reference to the Fort Hall Indians, haven't you— cooperation with the departments? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The next item is: For the purchase of goods and supplies for the Indian Service, including insnection pay of necessary employees, and all other expenses connected there- wfth including advertising, storage, and transportation of Indian goods and Applies $300 000: Provided, That no part of the sum hereby appropriated 60 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. shall be used for the maintenance of to exceed three permanent warehouses in the Indian Service. That is the same amount as was appropriated last year. We offer for the record the following justification: Purchase and transportation of Indian supplies, 1918. Appropriated, 1916 $300, 000. 00 Appropriated, 1917 300, 000. 00 Estimated, 1918 300, 000. 00 No part of this appropriation is expended for supplies, except such equipment as may be required to operate the Indian warehouses. The fund is used, except as noted, in the payment of expenses incident to advertisement, purchase, inspection, and transportation of supplies for the Indians and for the Indian Service generally. Including the cost of maintaining the Indian warehouses. The appropriation for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, was expended as follows : The following figures are as of October 1, 1916 : Amount appropriated ^ $300, 000. 00 Amount expended 384, 637. 80 Overdrawn 84, 637. 80 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 45, 691. 13 Traveling expenses 6, 777. 00 Transportation of supplies 314, 613. 32 Heat, light, and power (service) 183.74 Telegraph a'hd telephone service 689. 94 Printing, binding, and advertising 4, 057. 03 Fuel 290.31 Stationery and office supplies 2, 080. 10 Equijiment, etc ^ 485. 52 Rent 9, 300. 00 Miscellaneous 469. 71 Total 384, 637. 80 Note. — $70,410.44 of the total amount was expended on account of the ware- houses, and Inspection and advertising of supplies, awarding contracts, etc. It will be noted that to date this appropriation has been overdrawn to the extent of $84,637.80. At this time last year there were outstanding indebted- nesses in the 1915 appropriation totaling about $40,000, and it is probable that the indebtednesses now outstanding against the 1916 appropriation total about the same amount. This will make the total sum expended for all purposes approximately $425,000, making a total deficit of about $125,000. The deficit occurring annually In this appropriation for some years past has been covered by a deficiency appropriation for the payment of claims certified to Congress by the Secretary of the Treasury. The largest item of expenditure, of course, is for the actual transportation of supplies, which for 1916 amounts to $314,613.32 up to about October 1, 1916, with a number of bills outstanding. A comparison of amounts expended for this purpose, for the last few years, is as follows : Fiscal year. 1913 1914 1915 1916 Weight of supplies handled by Indian ware- houses. Pounds. 58,183,679 60,015,338 73,393,584 2 87, 927, 608 Approximate amount expended for freight charges. 15413,500.00 288, 000. 00 306,770.97 314,613.32 "snwoTV^unafstleWlS. *'™''^ '" "^^^"^ t^^°^P<>'-t^«<>'' <" supplies; this expense has been borne by 2 To Oct. 1. INDUN APPKOPEIATION BILL. 61 It should be noted that a large volume of supplies on which transportation charges are paid from this appropriation are handled by the field officers and not by the Indian warehouses, but the exact weight of these is not known. This would considerably increase the weights on which transportation charges were paid during the years named. While the tonnage shipped by the field officers is not included in the above totals, the cost of the transportation is included. The amount specified for 1918 to cover the transportation of supplies is $241,150, but it is believed that at least $375,000 will actually be required. If only the former amount is appropriated, there will probably be a deficit during 1918 of approximately $135,000. The other expenses chargeable to this appropriation are for the maintenance of the warehouses. Prior to the year 1915 these were five in number, but during that year the number was reduced to three. However, the two could not be discontinued until late in this fiscal year. The appropriation act for 1917 provides that another warehouse shall be discontinued during the present year, leaving but two. The figures for the different fiscal years are not therefore strictly comparable. Total expenditures for maintaining warehouses, etc. : 1913 $66, 905. 75 1914 65, 709. 20 1915 65, 993. 47 1916 _■ 70, 410. 44 Estimated for 1918_t. 58, 8.50. 00 Salaries, wages, etc. : 1913 46, 998. 96 1914 47, 488. 99 1915 46, 027. 16 1916 45, 691. 13 Estimated for 1918 1 38, 000. 00 Traveling expenses : 1913 4, 400. 00 1914 ^ '- 1 4, 805. 31 1915 ' 1, 730. 55 1916 ' 6, 777. 00 Estimated for 1918 7, 000. 00 Telegraph and telephone service : 1913 864. 84 1914 789. 37 1915 - 1, 025. 71 1916 689. 94 Estimated for 1918 550. 00 Heat, light, and power (service) : ■ 1913 338. 57 1914 310. 35 1915 221. 13 1916 183. 74 Estimated for 1918, included in "Miscellaneous." Printing and advertising : 1913 749. 56 1914 745. 67 1915 773. 67 1916 4, 057. 03 Estimated for 1918 , ■ 3, 500. 00 Stationery and office supplies: 1913 804. 30 1914 1, 328. 77 1915 - - 1. 384. 46 1916 2, 080. 10 Estimated for 1918 800. 00 Fuel: 1913 - 320.93 1934 259.80 1915 _ __ 229.38 igielll-" 290. 31 Estimated for 1918, included in " miscellaneous." 1 Part of the traveling expenses for 1915 was paid from the 1916 appropriation. 62 INDIAN APPBOPEIAEION BILL. Equipment : 1913 . . .^^ $529. 96 1914 __ __ __ _ 204. 69 1915 194.05 1916 : 485.52 Estimated for 1918, included in " miscellaneous.'' Rent of warehouses : 19J3 11, 740. 00 1914 - 11, 475. 00 1915 13, 074. 96 1916 9, 300, 00 Estimated for 1918 8, 000. 00 Miscellaneous : 1913 258.09 1914 - 160.35 1915 382,27 1916 - - 469.71 Estimated for 1918 1, 000. 00 Total expenditure : 1913 M80, 756. 59 1914 355, 240. 74 1915 371, 814. 31 1916, exclusive of outstanding indebtedness 384, 637. 80 Estimated for 1918" 300,000.00 It was hoped that a net saving in the cost of maintaining warehouses could be shown by the closing of the warehouses in New York and Omaha. An actual saving of about $10,000 was made, but the increasing volume of business handled by and through tht-' warehouses (see table) has been such as to offset this sav- ing and make an actual increase in the maintenance cost. Had the two ware- houses not been closed, however, the total cost would have been greater. Because of the elimination of two warehouses, most of the firms in Omaha and many in New York have unexpectedly stopped bidding on our supplies, only a few of the larger ones having submitted bids during the past year. The fur- ther elimination of another warehouse this year, in compliance with the 1917 appropriation act, will aggravate the situation. Therefore, while the Indian Service can no doubt handle the shipments with two permanent warehouses and such temporary receiving stations as may be required for short periods, there is no doubt now but that the withdrawal of the bidders in either Chicago, St. Louis, or San Francisco will have a serious effect on the prices paid for goods and supplies, particularly at this time when we need all the competition that can be obtained in order to keep down the prices. It is earnestly hoped on this account that the provision in the item, calling for three warehouses, instead of for the two appropriated for in the last act, will be approved. The appropriations for purchase and transportation of Indian supplies froili 1908 to 1911, inclusive, were each .$315,000, including expense incident to tele- graphing and telephoning. In 1912 there was appropriated $285,000, and a separate appropriation of $14,000 for telegraphing and telephoning was made. A most earnest effort has been made for several years to regulate the expendi- tures from this appropriation in such a way as to prevent" a deficit, but the volume of freight traffic for the Indian Service is increasing so rapidly that this could only be done by changing the entire policy of the service in the purchasing of sui)plios. It is not believed that any more supplies are pur- chased for the Indian Service than was the case in past years, but with In- creased tittention to buying has come a complete reversal in the policy under \\hich they are purchased, throwing a larger and larger proportion of the total cost of supplies on this appropriation, and a correspondingly less amount on the various support funds. Up to about 12 years ago, practically all sup- plies for the Indian Service were purchased f. o. b. destination; iii fact, so much emphasis was placed on the desire to purchase in this way, that very few bids f, o, b, other points were received. In 1899 the contract system of tran.sportatioii was abolished and authority was given to ship supplies by com- mon cai-riers at the regular commercial rates, less any reductions accruing to the Government in return for lands granted the different roads at the time they were constructed. It was almost immediately found that we could ship sup- plies at rates which were not only much lower than we ever received after 1 Includes about $100,000 for wagon transportation of supplies. INDIAN APPROPBIATION BILL. 63 i?J^^fi"J!,?*'^^'*'i'i* "i"^^ ^''^®'" t^*'" "■'e rates paid by private shippers. TUo 5,^i^' 3 f °*J''i® f^ct, as applied to purchasing supplies, was not recognized ^?J?^^^ J' ^o^^ever, each year we found it cheaper to buy more supplies at points of manufacture. Several years ago we finally recognized that, owing to the low freight rates ^ve receive, we can in almost every case buy cheaper at point of manufacture or pi-oauctiou and ship to the various agencies, than by buying the same articles J. o. b. delivery point. For example : A mill at Portland, Oreg., bidding on lum- per tor the Nevada Indian School, at Numana, Nev., would have to calculate Its delivered price on the basis of a freight rate, Portland to Numana, of $0.40 per hundredweight in carload lots. Their bill would be the Portland price plus treight to Numana, all of which would be payable from the Nevada school- support fund. Reductions accruing to the Government, in return for lands panced to the Southern Pacific Co. in Oregon bring the rate which we would liave to pay down to $0,086 per hundredweight in carload lots if we did the shipping on Government bills of lading. The saving in mailing the purchase r. o. b. Portland and doing the shipping ourselves is obvious, but as the freight on the purchase in this case would be charged against " Purchase and transpor- tation of Indian supplies," and only the cost of the material at Portland charged to the support fund, there would be a charge against the transportation appro- priation which would not have been made had the lumber been purchased f . o b destination. Thus an actual net saving of nearly $500 to the Government on tlie whole purchase, increases the charge against this appropriation by $100. The recognition of this fact has led to ever-increasing efforts to save money by inviting bids f. o. b. points of manufacture all over the United States, au.l the acceptance of such bids has led to a constantly increasing volume of freight traffic on behalf of the Indian Service through the warehouses and otherwise, with corresponding increasing overdrafts in the " Purchase and transportation of Indian supplies" fund. We estimate that we save at least $100,000 an- nually on the total cost of our supplies delivered at destination by purchasing at point of manufacture or production and shipping at Government freight rates; that is, by paying $350,000 from this appropriation for freight charges we save at least $450,000 from the various support funds. The reason for the constantly increasing amount spent on freight charges is shown most forcibly by the weights of supplies purchased through warehouses in the past few years : Pounds. 1911 37, 167, 594 1912 49, 857, 085 1913 58, 183, 670 • 1914 60, 015, 338 1915 73, 393, 584 1916 87, 927, 608 It is estimated that more than two-thirds of the supplies used by the Indian Service are now purchased through warehouses, and that including those pur- chased f. o. b. shipping point by field superintendents, we pay for freight trans- portation on about four-fifths of all the supplies purchased for the service, the remainder being delivered at destination by the firm or individual from whom we buy. Volume of business in Indian warehouses, fiscal year ended June 30, 1916. Freight shipments. Express shipments. Warehouses. Number. Weight. Value. Number. Weight. Value. r 127,600 78,028 58,580 5,689 10,994 140,866,459 138,793,162 6,644,999 617, 596 941,485 $805,807.20 428, 136. 66 258,885.19 158,340.33 45,359.57 7 27 m 3 347 ■ 1,733 S172.40 207. 78 147 236.25 Omaha « Total 280,891 87,863,701 1,696,528.95 37 2,227 616.43 1 A considerable part of this weight is coal, handled in carload lots. " Included in treight shipment. > Sept. 1 to Jan. IS only. ' Sept. 1 to Jan. 1 only. 64 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. Volume of business in Indian warehouses, -fiscal year ended June 30, 1910 — Con. Packages mailed. Per cent increase total over 1915. Warehouses. Numher. Weight. Value. Number packages. Total weight. Total value. Chicago 5,261 2,104 254 2,951 228 34,348 11,580 2,055 11,832 1,865 «19,169.S4 5,524.94 703. 88 10,293.84 417. 49 Per cent. 24.4 35.0 63.7 125.0 2 53.3 Per cent. 30.9 11.0 95.6 130.0 2 67.3 Per cent. 36.0 104.9 San Francisco 76.7 New York (I) ... > 33.8 Omaha (2) 2 68.6 Total 10,798 61,680 36,099.69 22.6 19.8 26.9 291,726 87,927,608 733,245.07 Total value SI, 1 Decrease. Temporary warehouse, open 10 months in 1915, 4i in 1916.. 2 Decrease. Temporary warehouse, open 9 months in 1915, 4 in 1916. Expenses at ivarehouses, fiscal year ended June 30, 1916. Warehouses. Rent. Light and fuel. Employees and inspec- tion of supplies. 1 Miscel- laneous. Total. Per cent of value of sup- plies handled. Chicago St. Louis San Francisco. New York!..., Omaha b , S4,500.00 1,500.00 2, 400. 00 900. 00 ' None. S149. 40 224. 81 37.66 Ml. 31 ' None. $23, 649. 15 11,296.68 9, Oil. 86 2, 017. 00 938. 09 2 $1, 712. 23 1,070.92 836. 68 ' 745. 36 85.09 2 830,010.78 14, 092. 41 12, 286. 19 3, 703. 67 s 1, 023. 18 3.63 3.25 4.78 ♦'Zig 2.23 Total, 1916 Last year's totals Saving over last year . 9,300.00 12,516.64 453. 17 406. 95 46,912.78 44, 886. 58 4,450.28 6,604.93 61,116.23 64,415.10 3, 298. 97 3.53 4.72 1.19 1 Including cost of letting annual contracts for supplies. 2 Includes cost of making out transcripts, calculating cost of annual estimate supplies, etc., which ex- penses are properly chargeable against all the warehouses instead of Chicago only, as here shown. 3 Temporary for 4^ months. ' Does not include' S676 salary of clerk in charge, detailed from Indian OfBce. s Considerable preliminary work in placing requisitions, etc., was done by Chicago. 6 Temporary for 4 months. ' Courtesy of Quartermaster Corps. You will note we are asking for one change, which is found in line 7. The Chairman. Three permanent warehouses. Mr. Meritt. We are asking for three permanent warehouses in- stead of two. The Chairman. Does the justification justify that request? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir: we feel we could utilize three warehouses to advantage. The three warehouses at present used are located at Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco. 'u "^^^ Chairman. Well, now, why then change the term " two " to three? " Is some one of them not permanent! Mr. Meritt. One of them is temporary. Mr. Campbell. By what authority is that temporary warehouse being maintained? It was not appropriated for in the last bill with the specific intention that it should be discontinued. INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 65 Mr. Meeitt. We expect to discontinue it as soon as we can get the goods out of that warehouse. The goods were already purchased when this law went into effect, and we have authority to maintain a temporary warehouse. Of course, it will be a violation of the law to maintain it permanently. Mr. Campbell. Where is the authority to maintain a temporary warehouse ? Mr. Meeitt. The legislation reads: "That no part of the sum hereby appropriated shall be used for the maintenance of not to exceed two permanent warehouses in the Indian Service." Now, last year we maintained for a short time a temporary warehouse in Omaha until we could wind up the business and dispose of that warehouse. We also did the same thing in New York, but we have disposed of the business in those two locations and discontinued those two warehouses, and it is our intention to do the same thing with this other warehouse. Mr. Campbell. If we strike out the word " permanent " in this legislation, then we can expect the law to be complied with. Mr. Meeitt. We will comply with the law, Mr. Campbell. Mr. Noeton. And always do. Mr. Meeitt. And it is our intention to have only two permanent warehouses if you do not give us authority to have three permanent warehouses. The Chaieman. This is the Omaha house, then, that you propose to abandon, and you only kept goods in there that were in there at the time this became a law ? Mr. Meeitt. You understand that we are required to purchase goods in the early spring for delivery for the next fiscal year, and the contracts had already been let for the delivery of these goods at cer- tain of these warehouses existing at that time, and as soon as the goods are disposed of from that one warehouse it will be closed and we will only have two permanent warehouses unless we get legisla- tion to continue the three warehouses. The Chaieman. Then, if you have legislation here and make three, will Omaha get that extra place ? Mr. Meeitt. No, sir; because it isn't our intention to establish a warehouse at Omaha. The three warehouses, if this legislation is car- ried in the bill that we are asking, will be located at San Francisco, St. Louis, and Chicago. The Chaieman. As a business proposition do you think it would be a good thing to have these three and supply goods with only two ? Mr. Meeitt. We could supply goods to the Indians with only two. The Chaieman. Would it cost the Government any more? Mr. Meeitt. I do not believe it would be a material saving if we only had two, because of the lessening of competition in the bidding on Indian supplies. The Chaieman. You mean, then, that the more warehouses you have the greater the competition ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; the more bidders we will have. Mr. Caetee. Mr. Meritt, will you just state for the record there the beneficial purpose a warehouse serves? What is the purpose of it? Mr. Meeitt. Warehouses are of advantage to the Indians because we have a central location where the goods are assembled and can be 71486—16 5 66 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. shipped to our agencies over the land-gi'ant roads, which give us a material reduction on freights. We now buy a good many more goods out of this appropriation than formerly, for the simple reason that by buying them out of this appropriation we get the benefit of the land-grant rate, and we can buy them cheaper than we could otherwise. Mr. Carter. What are the land-grant roads ? Mr. Meritt. I could not tell you offhand. There are quite a num- ber. I will be glad to include that information in the record. Mr. Carter. Put in the discounts, too. Mr. Meritt. We have different discounts. Mr. Carter. We would be glad to have the total discounts. Mr. Meritt. The following is an alphabetical list of the land- grant and bond-aided railroads of the United States : INmXN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 67 I llil il S 'o sx) g xj o g d®d®....a9 "ooooooooooocio3*^3"ooooca*-' do' do do ddddoddd <0 ^O^H m ""*STt>^oi(~-iOQt>-o "* 00 M CO (N CM M <-l --< CM CM (N M i-H >-( .-H CM CM CM M ««« CO w (N CM .1 ^ ^3 a-S gigg' •3005 J '2 ^"S ■ — e8 :iiiiiii^iil:-lli^'itil ■3 a s g Si H-3 •so -=!t* "=»S3SSa3SSS22SSS3S§5?3Sc3SS5?5SSSSSS3SS?SSS 68 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 5 O O * 500! ■a S OOOfflO.OOOOOt IQOOlJOfeOOOOO- £S wo{MoS^oeDeou:i.-iOoo^ oo oO 325 c« 2 S'*!'- ®>Sooooa5Sogooaoou ■§.o PhSm :!SfS:t:tSSte9S?5 INDIAN APPKOPRIATION BILL. 69 It is not possible to give any one percentage or other simple formula for obtaining the deduction accruing to the Government from commercial freight rates. This will be evident from the foUovcing brief explanation of how a net Government rate is calculated. First, the through rate itself is obtained from tariffs published by the railroad companies or their agents, this being the regular commercial rate. This rate is then divided among the various interested carriers, the same as they divide the rates when dividing revenue among themselves on commercial shipments. Sometimes these divisions are in cents per 100 pounds, sometimes they are percentages of the rate, and in some cases they are percentages of entirely dif- ferent rates. They are contained in publications called division sheets, which are held as confidential by the railroad officials (who, however, furnish copies to Government officers for use in calculating net rates) ; also in contracts be- tween the different railroad companies, and sometimes the only place where these divisions are found Is in the correspondence files of the interested rail- road companies. However, the railroad companies very seldom object to fur- nishing these divisions. The amount of the rate accruing to any one road is then to be subdivided be- tween the land-grant and nonland-grant portions of the road over which the shipment moves, on a basis of relative mileage. The reduction accruing to the Government is then found by taking 50 per cent of the amount of the rate so found to accrue over " 50 per cent land-grant mileage," or 100 per cent of the amount which accrues over " 100 per cent land-grant mileage." Whether a given land-grant mileage is 50 per cent or 100 per cent is determined by the statute under which the lands were granted. The reductions so calculated on the various interested lines are added to- gether and deducted from the commercial rate, the remainder being the net Government rate. As the railroad companies try to present their bills correctly, the only record which is kept is of the total amount actually paid to them for freight charges. It is not possible, therefore, to state how much has been deducted in the past on account of land, grant. To obtain a fair estimate, claims aggregating $1,845.40 now awaiting action in this office have been gone through, and it is found that the railroad companies have deducted $2,167.74. That is, the railroad companies have billed on the Office of Indian Affairs for $7,845.40, as payment for shipments which at the regular commercial rates would amount to $10,013.14. The reduction here is about 27.5 per cent, of the net amount passed by the railroad companies. If the deduction averaged about the same on all the claims paid last year, it would have amounted to approximately $90,000. There is no reason to believe that this estimate is not as near correct as could be obtained, inasmuch as the claims which were examined comprised not only freight charges over land-grant roads, but also freight charges over nonland-grant roads, express charges (on which the Government receives no reduction), storage, demurrage (on which the Government receives no deduc- tion), etc. — in a word, they averages approximately as the usual run of claims submitted to this office would be expected to average. It should be noted that tliese claims could have not been checked over to see if they are correct, and, as the railroad companies are naturally not as enthu- siastic over making deductions as the traffic clerks in the Government offices are, the reduction is probably less than will be made when the actual payment is made. Mr. Caetek. Is there any other service that the vsrarehouse renders? Mr. Meritt. It enables us to maintain a purchasing agency and trained men in the handling of these goods, whereas if there were no warehouses we would depend very largely upon each superin- tendent for the purchase of supplies. Mr Cahtee. Wouldn't you do that without warehouses « The Chaieman. The superintendent always buy direct from the wholesale house, do they not? ,. ., , ^ ^ u i. i Mr Meeitt. They do that now to a limited extent, but by getting bidders from these warehouses w^ are very frequently able to save considerable money. 70 INDIAN APPKOPEIAHON BILL. IVIr. Caetek. You don't mean to say you get bids from the ware- houses ? IVIr. Meeitt. We ask the superintendent of the warehouse to get bids for supplies for the different agencies. The Chaikman. They advertise for them, then ? JNfr. Meritt. Yes. sir. Mr. Campbell, "^^lio passes on the bids? INIr. Mebitt. The superintendent of the warehouse. Very fre- quently it will be of sufficient importance that they will submit it to the Indian Bureau. Mr. Carter. You buy your goods that way — in bulk; in large quantities? Is that the advantage? JSIr. Merttt. Yes, sir; and we have openings at these warehouses once a year — in the early spring — and we have bidders there and samples, and we can compare the goods offered by the various bid- ders, and we get the benefit of this sharp competition. We are also able to judge of the quality of the goods offered. I wish to submit the following statement relative to warehouses : P'or a number of years prior to the passage of the luclian appropriation bill for the fiscal year 1916 the Indian Service was provided with five permanent warehouses located at Chicago, 111. : New Tork City, N. T. ; St. Louis, Mo. ; Omaha, Nebr. ; and San Francisco, Cal. These warehouses were created because of the need developed year by year for a sort of clearing house in each of these communities where supplies pur- chased under contract and otherwise during the year might be delivered by the firm or person from whom they were purchased and where they might be Inspected and shipped to the various schools and agencies in the Indian Service. In none of these warehouses were supplies received and stored subject to requisition by the field officers, and therefore the term " warehouse " is in a sense a misnomer, they being in reality depots used for the purpose of collect- ing, inspecting, and distributing the Indian Service supplies. At the time the five warehouses were in existence the bulk of the work done there accumulated in a period of about from four to siix months — that is, from July or August to January or February in eacli year. This was tlie time when the annual contract goods and supplies were being delivered. It was found later that the cost of maintaining two of these warehouses was greater than the benefit derived from them seemed to warrant during that portion of the year when contract deliveries were few. It seemed clear to us at that time that if we were permitted to have a fewer number of permanent warehouses and establish temporary warehouses at those points where a sufiB- cient number of contract deliveries were to be made to warrant the maintenance of sucli depots that the work of receiving, inspecting, and shipping supplies could be handled more economically and just as satisfactorily. With this idea in mind, during the fiscal year 1916 the Omaha and New York warehouses were abandoned as permanent warehouses. In the appropriation act for the fiscal year 1917 we are directed to drop a third warehouse and thereafter maintain but two penuanent warehouses. If all of the warehouses were abandoned, a much different and it is believed more expensive and less satisfactory method of handling shipments would have to be followed. Merchants doing business with the Government have long since learned that tlie Government is in a position to ship supplies to almost any western point at a much lower rate than a private concern can ship them for on account of the benefits accruing to the Government from land gi'ants. (See memorandum on land grants.) This has led to the great majority of them bidding for delivery at the point where the article is manufactured or pro- duced, or as near that point as It is practicable for them to do so, as this saves them the responsibility of shipping, and inspection is made where differ- ences can be adjusted quickly. At the same time we favor and encourage this practice as an Immense saving, figured by us to be about $100,000 per annum, accrues to the Government. This is too big an item to be easllv lost sight ot INDIAN APPEOPHIATION BILL. 71 It Is but natural to presume, and we would want it to be so, that If there were no warehouses merchants would still continue to bid as heretofore, In which event the matter of inspection would become a most important point to be considered. Eeally the inspection of the article delivered is about the most Important function to be considered in making these purchases; it at least stands side by side in importance with tlie selecting of the right article. No matter how particular we may be in selecting the article to be purchased, if we Oo not see that the particular grade or quality of article bought is de- livered, the Government stands to lose by the transaction. Inspection of the delivery by the Government at the factory »r mill is gen- erally unsatisfactory for the reason that physically the consignment is still in the possession of the merchant and subject to substitution, if some one were inclined to do so. As a rule it is much more satisfactory to the Government than otherwise would be the case to have the consignment delivered into the hands of a representative of the (rovernment, where it can be more thoroughly inspected and taken care of until such examination or inspection, together with the preparation and execution of the proper papers in the transaction, can be completed. The fair merchant is just as much interested in this as we are and desires to have all differences adjusted before the consignment goes forward to destination. One of the strongest features of the warehouse system is that at or near each one is a corps of trained inspectors who are called in as occasion re- quires to pass on the deliveries. Without the warehouses the cost of this service, including pay and traveling expenses of the inspectors, would ofCset any saving tliat could be made by abandoning the warehouses, to say noth- ing of slowing up the deliveries. Furthermore, all large concerns feel the necessity of having representatives close to the large centers where most of their business is transacted. Trying to handle the thousands of small and large questions at long range is not only unsatisfactory, but a poor business arrangement. The warehouses serve as our agents just as the quartermaster depots serve the Army. With the growth of our business tliere developed the strongest need for a depot in tlie center of each of the communities where the deliveries were being made in large quantities and one by one the warehouses were created. We thought it entirely practicable at one time to develop the idea of having not more than two permanent warehouses, with such temporary - warehouses during the few months when the annual contract goods were being delivereti as might be needed. Our experience at Omaha and New York, however, particu- larly at the former place, since the permanent ^^■arehouses were abandoned there, and the spirit prevailing at present among the merchants of the other cities leads us now to believe that it would be unwise to abandon the permanent warehouse in any one of the three cities where they are now located. At Omaha, while we had a permanent warehouse there, quite a large number of merchants were interested in our annual contracts and open-market purchases, but in the past year little attention was given our advertisements for annual supplies, there being about four who quoted, no two of which were in the same line of business. In New York but few of the old bidders .seemed interested enough to quote on our advertisements. We have every reason to believe tJiat if the warehouse at either Chicago, St. Louis, or San Francisco were abandoned the merchants there would lose interest in our contracts and purchases and the Government would lose the benefit of the competition that is now obtained and which for some years we have made special efforts to cultivate and retain. It is only by keeping alive active competition that we may hope to keep prices down. St." Louis competes with Chicago and New York strongly on dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, and many other lines, and the same in many lines can be said of San Francisco, which condition not only affords competition as between cities but gives us the benefit of the western markets, which are needed to keep down the prices quoted by eastern bidders and at the same time ' keep up a national interest in our purchasing. The effect of transportation via the Panama Canal has been felt to some extent in tlie prices quoted at San Francisco in certain lines, and were market conditions normal at the present time it is believed greater benefit would accrue therefrom. . . ^ v, ,j u It is believed that the three warehouses now m existence should be main- tained not only tills year but in the future, as long as present conditions exist. 72 INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. The Indian Service would lose more in the falling off of competition in the course of a year than would be saved by abandoning one of the present places as the seat for a permanent warehouse and substituting a temporary ware- house, as with the loss of this competition the merchants at the other points, taking advantage of the situation, would gradually boost their prices. Referring again to the subject of inspection, were we to omit entirely the Inspection at point of shipment and depend on the inspection at destination, i. e., at the schools and agencies, which is the only other place where inspection by Government officials would be practicable, not only would we meet with strong opposition from the merchants from whom we buy but, because of the lack of experienced inspectors in the field service, we would, on the one hand, receive a large percentage of inferior supplies which now are rejected if offered, and, on the other hand, there would be constant trouble between the Government and the merchants on account of the differences of opinion arising through the inspection by inexperienced men. The result would be, in many cases, that on the same contract deliveries some superintendents would accept what others would reject, thus creating confusion and trouble. Deliveries based on an awarded sample, such as groceries, cloths, and many other lines, must be handled at a central point. Following this, if the goods were formally delivered to the Government by the merchant at the school or agency and rejected, he would be required to pay the return freight, involving the long wagon haul which the goods are subject to at many of our schools and agencies, or, where the merchant delivered to the Government at the point of production or manufacture the Government naturally would be required to pay the return transportation charges on re- jected goods from the school or agency to the point where the goods were delivered to it by the merchant. This would lead to expense for both the merchant and the Government, to a most unsatisfactory state of affairs, and in the end, because of the dissatisfaction, result in these merchants no longer bidding. ^Yith the constant tendency toward higher prices and the increasing difliculty of getting the goods we require, we can not afford to voluntarily exclude any class of merchants who are sufficiently interested in our business to quote us prices, and it is only by keeping close to them that we are able to do as well as we have done. To keep close to them means the retention of the three warehouses and the establishment of temporary receiving and shipping depots for short periods at other places, as the conditions warrant. The Chairman. We will proceed to the next item. For telegraph and telephone toll messages on business pertaining to the Indian Service sent and received by the Bureau of Indian Affairs at Wash- ington, ?10,000. Mr. Meeitt. Mr. Chairman, there is no change in this item. We are asking for the same language and the same amount, and we ofiPer for the record the following justification: Telegraphing and telephoning, Indian Service. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $10. 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 10, 000. 00 Amount expended 6, 261. 45 Unexjjended balance 3, 738.55 Analysis of expenditures : Telegraph and telephone service 6, 261. 45 Against this item is charged the cost or expense of all telegrams sent by the Indian Office and all telegrams received by it from the superintendents or other officials in the field, and also the charge- for toll messages on telephone tolls arising in the service. As all our representatives are located at great distances from Washington and many Important items or matters arise in the course of a year, it is absolutely necessary that there be an appropriation for this item. Mr. Campbell. You have a balance of something like $3,738.55. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 73 , Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; there was a balance there. We were able to save some money on that appropriation, because we got after our superintendents about using the telegraph so frequently. I think we might reduce that to $8,000, although the telegraph bilsiness is necessarily increasing. The Chairman. The next item reads : For witness fees and other legal expenses Incurred in suits instituted in be- half of or against Indians involving the question of title to lands allotted to them, or the right of possession of personal property held by them, and in hearings set by the United States local land officers to determine the rights of Indians to public lands, $1,000: Provided, That no part of this appropriation shall be used in the payment of attorney's fees. Mr. Meritt. We a"re not asking for an increase in this appropria- tion. That is the same amount as was appropriated last year, and I oifer for the record the following justification: Court costs, etc., in suits involving lands allotted to Indians. Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1917, amount appropriated §2, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 2, 000. 00 Amount expended 138. 05 Unexpended balance 1, 861. 95 Analysis of expenditures : Traveling expenses 35. 30 Court costs, etc 102. 75 138. 05 Court costs, etc _-.. $1,000.00 This item is to provide the Indian Service with sufficient funds to pay witness fees and meet other legal expenses incurred in suits instituted in behalf of or against Indians involving the question of title to lands allotted to them, the right to possession of personal property held by them, removing intruders from their lands, and in hearings set by the United States local land offices to determine the rights of Indians to public lands. However, no part of this appropriation is to be used in paying attorneys' fees. The Chairman. The next item reads: For expenses of the Board of Indian Commissioners, $10,000. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification for this item: Expenses of Indian Commissioners. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $10, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: m aaa no Amount appropriated lu, wu. uu Amount expended t 5, 45^. /o Unexpended balance 4, 547. 74 Analysis of expenditures: q sic «? Salaries and wages f °f^. oi Traveling expenses ^' ^^y- ^^ Telegraph and telephone service , 4JL. aa Printing, binding, and advertismg — _ d^-^ Educational, stationery, and office supplies ___!l_i: 5, 452. 26 74 INDIAN APPROPRIATIOK BILL. Under existiiij; law tbeiv is a Biwirtl of linliau Ooniinlsstonors. whose iiunu- l>ers are appointed by tlie Pi-esideiit aad serve without oouu>»J>s'> ''>'"• ^5 '* *^^ duty of this board to eoopwate with tl»e Coiumissiouer of Indian Affairs in sin^ervisinj; the purchase of iroods and supplies for tl>o Indian Servii'e. The meiul>ers of this board also uialte investi,a!\tions of (H>nditions. oto.. ou the several reservations and submit printtxl i-eiwvts to tl>o Stvretary of tlve Interior as to their findings and snssestions. Tliis estimate is for tlio pMrp<>se of eovei"- insr the traveling exjienses of the members of s!\id boai\I. the payutont of the s;ilary of its stvretary, clerleal assistance, oliii-e and otlier exi>enses. BOARD OK INlllAN OOM MISSIONKRS. Hon. Geor.se Vaux. jr.. ehairu\an. lOOli Morris Rnildinsi. rhiladolpliia. Pa. Hon Merrill i:. liates. ISOSl Hhodo Island .Vvonne N'W.. AVasliin.aton, D. 0. Hon. 'William I">. Wallcer, ;!(!T Klnnvood .\venue, Hnft'alo. N, 1". Hon. Warren K. Moorebead, .\ndovor. Mass, Hon. Samuel A. Eliot, 2,"> Beaeon Street, Boston, Mass, Hon. Franlv Knox, The fnion Leader, Jlanohester, \. H. Hon, Edwai-d E, Ayer, Railway Kxobanso Bnildins. Chieai;o. Ill, Hon. William H. Ketohum, lS2(i New York Avenue N"W.. Washinston, D. t.\ Hon. Paniel Smiley, Lake Moluink. X. Y. Hon. Isidore B. Dockweiler, l.os .Vnaoles, Onl. Sir. .Malcolm McDowell, secretary, OlBce of tl»e Secretary. Bureau of Mines Buildiu.s, Washington, I>. C, The Cir.MRjrAN. That is the same justification as you have given heretofore i Mr. IMeeitt. It is practically the same. The CiiAiRjr.vN. I would like to ask you this cjuestion: "What bene- ficial service has the Board of Indian Commissumers performed for the Indian Bureau, if any? Mr. JMEEriT. I want to say that there has been more friendly co- operation between the Board of Indian Commissioners and the In- dian Bureau in the last two years than prior thereto, within my knowledge. The commissioners are men of prominence, and they have devoted considerable of their time in maJving in\estigations at certain of our Indian schools. The Cn-MiniAN. Isn't it a fact that you have — how many in- spectors ? ]Mr. Meritt. Six special inspectors. The Cu.vnoiAN. And a great many other inspectors that do the same work'? Mr. ISIeiutt. Yes, sir. The Ciiaik:man. That is a duplication, then? Mr. INIeriit. These gentlemen have offered some suggestions that have been helpful. The Cn.viR^t.v^, Arc those offers in print? ]Mr. IMeritt. 1 think you will find their reports in the report of the Board of Indian Commissioners. Mr. C.\5n>BELi.. They make an annual report also. Mr. MERim'. Yes. sir. The CiiAiRisrAN, Isn't it a fact, Mr. Meritt, that if they make any suggestions that are helpful, we should have them now? Mr. Meritt. The stiggostions they make are along administrative lines, and their reports are stibmitted to the bureau, Mr, Campbell, But they don't report to this committee. They are not required to do it. Mr. Meritt. No, sir. INDIAN APPROPBIATION BILL. 75 The Chairman. We don't get their report until we make up our bill. I don't remember when we ever had the report of these commis- sioners before us when we made up our bill. Mr. Meritt. Their report has been sent to tlie Printing Office, to my knowledge, and it will probably be out in a few days. The Chairman. If we ever need it we will certainly need it now, when we are providing for the api)ropriations this year. It is not here and never has been here at the time we made up the bill. We will proceed to the next item. Mr. Meritt. Th next item is : For pay of Indian police, including chiefs of police at not to exceed $50 per month each and privates at not to exceed $30 per month each, to be employed in maintaining order, for purchase of equipments and supplies, and for rations for policemen at nonration agencies, $200,000. We are asking for the same language and the same amount as was appropriated last year, and we offer for the record the following justification : Pay of Indian police. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $200. 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 200, 000. 00 Amount expended 1S4. 455. 79 Unexpended balance 15, 544. 21 Analysis of expenditures: ^ Salaries and wages 155. 332. 60 Subsistence supplies S, 118. 57 Drv goods, wearing apparel, etc 12, 073. 75 Forage 6, 179. 46 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc , 539. 91 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 209. 93 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 2, 001. 57 184, 455. 79 This fund, together with the following one. are primarily and almost ex- clusively for the purpose of maintaining law and order on the Indian reserva- tions throughout the country. The police receive salaries at not to exceed $30 per month and the chiefs receive not to exceed $50 per month. These employees also receive rations, uniforms, equipment, etc.. and are allowed forage for their horses or ponies, which they are required to furnish. The scope of the appropriation has been enlarged in past years without a corre- sponding increase in the amount thereof, and, as a result, the demands upon it are heavy. The reservations are large in area, and therefore it requires many of these employees to properly patrol same in order to protect the Indian cattle and property, to assist in the suppression of the liquor traffic, to arrest offenders of all kinds, and to maintain law and order in general. These employees are also required to assist in getting the Indian children to attend the schools. Common labor on most of the reservations brings $1.50 per day and more, and at many places we have difficulty in obtaining suitable men for the pay allowed police privates, even with an allowance for rations, etc. The unexpended balance reported is due to savings made during the course of the year where vacancies have occurred. However, the full amount of the estimate is necessary. Many requests for additional police and increases in salary to retain efficient men have had to be denied because of the lack of funds. The office can not anticipate these savings, and for that reason oftentimes they can not be utilized to the fullest extent. 76 INDIAN APPEOPRIiTION BILL. The Chairman. That is the same amount and for the same pur- pose. Mr. Mekitt. The next item is: For pay of judges of Indian courts where tribal relations now exist, $10,000. We are asking for $10,000, instead of $8,000, the amount appro- priated last year. There are a number of reservations where we need additional Indian courts, and this small increase of $2,000 will enable us to meet those conditions. The Chairman. Can you furnish us a list of the judges? Mr. Meritt. That will be included in the justification. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : Pay of judges, Indian courts. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $8, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated ' 1. 8, 000. 00 Amount expended . 7, 240. S3 Unexpended balance : 759. 17 ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURES. Salaries and wages 7, 240. 83 This fund is used for the purpose of employing Indian judges who comprise what is Ivnown as the court of Indian ofCenses. These positions are estab- lished by the Secretary of the Interior, and these employees act under regula- tions approved by him, which set forth the scope of the jurisdiction of said tribunal ahd the punishment to be meted out for the several offenses. These courts handle all minor infractions of the law committed by Indians on the reservation against Indians, and, as stated in the justification for the estimate for the pay of Indian police, are for the purpose of assisting in the mainte- nance of law and order on the reservation. These courts handle misdemeanors and questions of a civil nature arising between the Indians. Due to the fact that the Criminal Code enumerates but seven offenses for which Indians shall be tried in the Federal courts, where the offense is against the person or property of another Indian and the State courts have no jurisdiction, these Indian tribunals are called^ upon to handle many of the more serious offenses committed by Indians, such as adultery, fornication, incest, and the like, and they serve as the only means of punishing the Indians for these offenses. In years past this appropriation has been $12,000. It was then reduced to ?10,000, and for the last two years has been $8,000. With each reduction it has been necessary to reduce the number of judges, and in some Instances to reduce the compensation. The maximum salary is but $7 per month, and in some cases the pay is $3 per month. The best men on the reservation, whose standing will lend dignity to the tribunal and weight to their decisions, should sit as judges ; but at the compensation paid they can not be had. Furthermore, there are some reservations where such a court should be established and others where additional judges should be provided. This can not be done with $8,000, and for that reason it is estimated that $10,000 should be allowed. In the molding of the lives of the Indians and preparing them for citizenship this tribunal plays an important part, and it is an institution which should be preserved, enlarged, and given legislative recognition. Amounts paid from the appropriation "Pay of judges, Indian courts, 1917," at the various reservations based on the salary list as now authorized : ■ Blackfeet, Mont e^gg Cheyenne River, S. Dak ~ jgg Coeur d'Alene, Idaho II_I 84 Colville, Wash : ~~ ~ j^gg Crow, Mont jgg Crow Creek, S. Dak jgg Flathead, Mont ~~ jgg Fort Apache, Ariz jgg INDIAN APPB.OPBIATION BILL. 77 Fort Belknap, Mont : _ _• _ _ _ $168 Fort Berthold, N. Dak IZ_"_I'__III" Z_ 168 Fort Hall, Idaho 168 Fort McDermltt, Nev 84 Fort Peck, Mont 168 Hoopa Valley, Cal ^ 168 Keshena, Wis , 168 Lac du Flambeau, Wis 84 Leech Lake, Minn 168 Leupp, Ariz 168 Lower Brule, S. Dak- 84 Malkl, Cal ; 168 Moapa River, Nev 72 Moqul, Ariz 252 Navajo, Ariz ^ 168 Nevada, Nev , 84 Pala, Cal 168 Pima, Ariz : 168 Pine Ridge, S. Dak 336 Pueblo Agency, N. Mex 720 Red Lake, Minn 168 Round Valley, Cal 144 San Carlos, ALriz 168 San Juan, N. Mex 168 San Xavier, Ariz 168 Shivvsfits, Utah 84 Soboba, Cal ■ 420 Spokane, Wash , 168 Standing Rock, N. Dak 168 Taholah, Wash 84 Tongue Riv^, Mont 168 Turtle Mountain, N. Dak 168 Umatilla, Oreg 84 Walker River, Nev 84 Warm Springs, Oreg 168 Western Navajo, Ariz ■ 1°° Western Shoshone, Nev ^ 84 Yakima, Wash— . l°° 7,824 The Chairman. Are there any other questions? If not, we will proceed to the next item, which is as follows : For pay of special agents, at $2,000 per annum ; for traveling and inci.dental expenses of such special agents, including sleeping-car fare and a per diem of not to exceed S3 in lieu of subsistence, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior, when actually employed on duty in the field or ordered to the seat of Government; for transportation and incidental expenses of officers and clerks of the Office of Indian Affairs when traveling on official duty ; for pay of em- ployees not otherwise provided for; and for other nec^sary expenses of the Indian Service for which no other appropriation is available, $135,000. Mr Meritt This item is known as general expenses or the con- tingent fund appropriation. We are asking for the same amount as wal appropriated last year, $135,000, with the same language, and I offer for the record the following justification: General expenses, Indian Service. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated- — ^^'^^' ^^- "" Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: „ ^ Amount apriropnated ^gg' 996 24 Amount expended ' Unexpended balance «■ 003. 76 7S INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURES. Salaries and wages $80, 450. 88 Traveling expenses 29, 819. 00 Transportation of supplies 847. 19 Heat, light, and power (service) 475.38 Telegraph and telephone service 843. 53 Printing, binding, and advertising 285. 98 Subsistence supplies 323. 81 Drv goods, wearing apparel, etc 28. 18 Forage 2,700. 61 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 1. 904. 19 Educational, stationery, and office supplies . 1, 518. 60 Medical supplies ^ 1, 008. 16 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 2, 348. 76 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc * . 2, 058. 81 Rent ^ 518.50 Miscellaneous ^ 1, 864. 66 126, 996. 24 This estimate is for the same amount allowe* in past years and is one of the most important in the entire bill in that it provides for the many emer- gencies and exigencies which arise in the Indian Service during the course of the year. The item reads in part — " for other necessary expenses of the Indian Service for which no other appropriation is available." Many unusiAl and unforeseen matters arise and without this appropriation the Indians, the service, and the property of the' Government would no doubt suffer. This appropria- tion also provides for the traveling expenses of the Commissioner, the Assist- ant Commissioner, and other employees in the Indian OfHce who are detailed to make investigations along special lines and to obtain information first hand on specific and general matters. It also provides for the special agents of the service who are called upon to make investigations, assume charge of schools and reservations when transfers, resignations, and dismissals of superintendents take place, and work of a similar nature. Many reservation employees are paid from this appropriation because there are no other funds for the purpose and whose services are very necessary. The appropriation is a very important one ?.nd the amount asked for should be allowed in full. Mr. Campbell. I would like to know, Mr. Meritt — here you have salaries and wages, $80,450; traveling expenses, $29,819. In what way does it become necessary to pay out so much for traveling ex- penses ? Mr. Meeitt. These special agents are traveling over the country all the time, going from one reservation to another, making investi- gations, and there is necessarily quite a large item for traveling ex- penses. That is really their job, to travel and visit the agencies and schools. Mr. Campbell. 'I know, but you have a number of them, and they are in districts, aren't they? For instance, would you send an agent from San Francisco to what point to make an investigation ? Mr. Meeitt. We have the Indian country districted, and we have supervisors in each of those district ; but in addition to that we have special agents who make special investigations, where investigations are needed immediately. Mr. Campbell. Can you not cut down the expense by more judi- cious distribution of these agents over the country ? Mr. Meeitt. We have limited that by creating the districts for the supervisors, so that the expense will be reduced to the minimum. But we feel that we need these special agents to make these special in- vestigations wherever they are needed. Mr. Campbell. It looks to me as though $30,000 is a large traveling expense. INDIAK APPEOPEIATION BILL. 79 Mr. Mehitt. That includes the traveling expenses of Indian Office othcials, as well as the special agents. The Chairman. Does that include hotel bills? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. They are not included in that, are they ? Mr. Meeitt. That would include the hotel bills of the traveling officials from the Indian Bureau, and we allow the special agents a Psr diem of $3 5 but that is included in the expense account. Mr. Campbell. The hotel bills are not included in this travelins? expense, then? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. It looks to me, Mr. Meritt, as though in the admin istration there could be a very substantial saving in that traveling expense, by proper distribution of the agents. Mr. Meritt. It is rather large, and we will look into the matter, Mr. Campbell, with a view of reducing the amount to the lowest figure possible. Mr. Carter. Part of that appropriation is used for traveling ex- penses of the commissioner, isn't it? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. All of his traveling expenses are paid out of this appropriation. The Chairman. If there are no other questions we will pass to the next item. Mr. Meritt. The next item is for the pay of Indian inspectors : For pay of 6 Indian Service inspectors, exclusive of 1 chief inspector, at salaries not to exceed $2,500 per annum and actual traveling and Incidental expenses, and $3 per diem in lieu of subsistence vifhen actually employed on duty in the field, $30,000. We are asking for the same amount as was appropriated last year, and we offer for the record the following justification : Inspectors, Indian Service. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $30, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated . 30, 000. 00 Amount expended . — ^ 14, 302. 92 Unexpended balance 15, 697., 08 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and vcages 8,333.33 Traveling expenses 5, 969. 59 Total 14, 302. 92 Frequent and thoroughgoing inspection is essential for safeguarding the Indian Service. The vast material interests of the Indians are closely inter- woven with their social and industrial life, for the administration of which there are about 137 bonded officers in charge of schools and agencies, and 31 disbursing officers with functions of varying importance, under whom are practically 6,000 employees. The duties devolving upon these officers require visits to the different reservations and other Government activities at such times as special occasion may require or in the line of regular inspection duty. They act in conjunction with other special agents and supervisors who have been coordinated into a corps of inspecting officials covering the Indian Field Service The balance of $15,697.08 on account of the unused portion of the appropria- tion for Indian Inspectors was due to the fact that the entire inspecting corps provided for by the appropriation was not appointed earlier in the year. 80 INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. As these are among the most important of the Indian Service field officers, it was essential that careful and discriminating selection be made in the men appointed. The following shows the inspectors who have been appointed during the fiscal year, with the date of their entrance on duty : Name. Salary. Date. Walter S. Coleman Wade H. Gibbes S2,600 2, 600 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 Jan. 2, 1916. Mar. 13, 1916. rlark M K'nijht Dec. 30, 1916. Feb. 11, 1915. Henry S. Taylor Mar. 15, 1915. Entered Jan. 1, 1916; resigned Jan. 12, 1916. . It is expected In a short while to have the corps of inspecting oificlals com- pleted to the limit, when the entire amount of the appropriation will be required. Mr. Carter. What is the difference between an inspector and a special agent? Mr. Meritt. There is very little difference in the duties performed, Mr. Carter, only we did not have sufficient special agents to cover the field, and these six inspectors were appropriated for about three years ago, with a view of having closer inspection of the schools and agencies of the Indian Service. Mr. Carter. They all do the same work, do they not? Mr. Meritt. Very largely. Mr. Carter. Or similar work. Mr. Meritt. Excepting that special agents are utilized in taking charge of a school or an agency where a superintendent is suspended until a regular employee can be placed in charge. Mr. Campbell. I notice in the analysis of these expenditures that you have traveling expenses of $5,969. That is in addition to the $29,000 in the former item? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; that covers the traveling expenses, which in- cludes hotel bills of these six inspectors. They travel all over the Indian field service. Mr. Campbell. Is the bureau duplicating these items? Are we paying for them twice? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Mr. Campbell. Why is it necessary to make these two appro- priations? Mr. Meritt. These are different officials, Mr. Campbell. These are the six inspectors that have been provided for for the last three years in the Indian bill. The other appropriation is a general ap- propriation which covers miscellaneous duties and activities. Among these are special agents. We have only a very few special agents. The balance of the appropriation is used for miscellaneous purposes, to cover incidentals that may arise in connection with the year's work in the Indian Service, where there are no specific appropriations available. The Chairman. I see in line 3 of the same page (13) you have the words " actual traveling and incidental expenses." Why is it neces- sary to put that in? Mr. Meritt. That was put in at the suggestion of the accounting officers to cover such necessary incidental expenses as might be in- curred by the inspectors. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 81 Mr. Campbell. I see you have an unexpended balance of $15,697. Mr. Mekitt. That is for the reason that the inspectors were not appointed until after a good part of the last fiscal year had elapsed. It will take practically this entire appropriation to cover the ex- penses of the six inspectors if they are employed the entire fiscal year — which they will be now that they have been appointed. The Chairman. The next item is: For the purpose of determining the heirs of deceased Indian allottees having any right, title, or interest in any trust or restricted property, under regula- tions prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior, $100,000 : Provided, That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to use not to exceed $25,000 for the employment of additional clerks in the Indian Office in connection with the work of determining the heirs of deceased Indians, and examining their wills, out of the $100,000 appropriated herein : Provided further, That the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to the Osage Indians, nor to the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians in Oklahoma. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification for this item: Determining heirs of deceased Indian allottee-f. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $100, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 100, 000. 00 Amount expended 81, 919. 80 Unexpended balance 18, 080. 20 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 7.5, 325. 54 Traveling expenses . 5, 321. 96 Transportation of supplies 9. 78 Telegraph and telephone service 4. 91 Fuel, illuminants. lubricants, etc 62. 00 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 670. 38 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 117. 49 Rent 334.83 Miscellaneous 72. 91 81, 919. 80 Note. — $19,529.15 of the amount for salaries was paid to clerks in the Indian Office. The appropriation of $100,000 asked for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, to be used for the purpose of conducting hearings and taking evidence to deter- mine the heirs of deceased Indian allottees, in accordance with the provisions of the act of June 25, 1910 (36 Stats. L., 855), is necessary to enable the department to continue the work required by the act above referred to. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, $100,000 was appropriated, a:iri with this amount the' Indian Office, through a corps of examiners of inheritance, has been enabled to make great strides in bringing this class of the Indian work up to date. During the last fiscal year 4,086 estates of deceased Indians, in which a $15 fee was collectible, were finally acted upon by the Secretary of the Interior. In addition thereto 260 cases, in which no fees were charged, also received final consideration by the department. Also, in addition thereto, 5,014 miscellaneous- cases were disposed of, 178 wills approved and 68 wills disapproved, and dur- ing this year the heirship work on the following Indian agencies was brought up to date : Fort Peck, Mont; Blackfeet, Mont; Kiowa, Okla. ; Pala, Cal. ; Yankton,. S. Dak. ; Crow Creek, S. Dak. ; Santee, Nebr. ; Omaha, Nebr. There is no increase in the amount or change in the language of the bill. 71486—16 6 82 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. The Chairman. The next item is : For tbe purpose of eiieouraging industry and self-support among the Indians and to aid tliem in tlie culture of fruits, grains, and other crops, $450,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to be immediately available, which sum may be used for the purchase of seed, animals, machinery, tools, implements, and other equipment necessary, in tlie discretion of the Secretary of the In- terior, to enable Indians to become self-supporting : Provided, That said sum shall be expended under conditions to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior for its repayment to the United States on or before .Tune 30, 1925. I see you have raised that from $300,000 to $450,000. I would like to have some explanation of that. Mr. Meeitt. I offer the following justification for this item: Industry among Indians. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated, immedi- ately available $300, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated, made Immediately available 600, 000. 00 Expended in 1915 162, 748. 56 Balance available 437, 251. 44 Amount expended 404, 790. 57 Unexpended balance 32, 460. 87 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 13, 292. 24 Traveling expenses 900. 34 Transportation of supplies 13, 787.96 Subsistence supplies 1, 291. 32 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 6. 69 Forage 31, 667.30 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 13. 75 Live stock 224, 608. 71 Implements, vehicles, tools, harness, etc 60, 917. 55 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc . 15, 941. 40 Construction 2, 366. 36 Kepairs (to buildings) 1,474.03 Seed, trees, and plants 37, 547. 4,3 Miscellaneous : . s 975. 49 404, 790. 57 This is a very important item, and, as will be noted, it is reimbursable to the United States. Reimbursable money of this character heretofore advanced to be used for the benefit of the Indians by authority of Congress has been of much assistance to the Indians in many ways. Appropriations for this pur- pose have been made in the following acts in the amounts stated : Act of April 30, 190S (35 Stats. L., 70-83), and March 3, 1909 (35 Stats. L., 781-795), for Fort Belknap, Mont 800. 00 New buildings Total 38, 900. 00 Auiount requested in proposed bill, 1918 : Support and education of 200 Indian pupils at the Indian school and superintendent's salary 35, 200. 00 Repairs and improvements 3, 800. 00 New buildings . Total 39, 000. 00 Salaries, 1917. Principal $1, 000 Financial clerk 720 Disciplinarian 1, 000 Teacher 780 Do 720 Do 660 Matron 720 Assistant matron 5O0 Nurse 720 Seamstress- Laundress— Cook Farmer Engineer Assistant- Laborer 540 540 600 720 840 300 300 10, 660 The $35,200 requested for support at this school will provide for the salary of a superintendent and for a per capita expenditure of $167 for 200 pupils. Congress has authorized a per capita expenditure of $200 for Indian schools. The amount requested is therefore considerably below the amount authorized ty law. The school plant is valued at $79,725. It consists of 29 buildings, sev- eral of which receive very hard usage. The amount of $3,800 asked for repairs and improvements is the same amount as was provided last year, and is less than 5 per cent of the value of the plant. Mr. Campbell. You have an unexpended balance there of $5,000. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Could you deduct that from the amount you are asking for here? Mr. Meritt. We woixld not like to reduce that amount, Mr. Chair- man, because we are going to have considerable difficulty in main- taining our schools on the basis of last year's appropriation, because of the increased cost of living, the increased cost of everything. The Chairman. What is the pay of a superintendent at that place? 1 The per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Sept. 7, 1916 (Public, No. 264), 64th Cong. ' This does not include 30 acres of pasture. = This includes both materials and labor of employees and school pupils. ' This Includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stoclt. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 109 Mr. Meritt. I think the superintendent there gets $1,800. The Chairman. Would that increase his salary? Mr. Meritt. No, sir ; there will be no increases in salaries. The Chairman. For teachers, or anything? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. The Chairman. The next item is: For suppoi-t and education of 700 Indian pupils at tlie Indian scliool at Phoenix, Ariz., and for pay of superintendent, $119,400; for general repairs and improvements, $12,500; for auditorium and equipment, $20,000; for re- modeling and improving heating plant, $15,000 ; in all, $166,900. Mr. Meritt. We are asking for the same amount for the support funds and for the same amount for repair fund, but we are asking for an auditorium and equipment, and also for remodeling and im- proving the heating plant. I offer for the record the following justification for this item: INDIAN SCHOOL, PHOENIX, AEIZ. Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1917, amount appropriated $119, 400. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 119, 400. 00 Amount expended 117, 159. 40 Unexpended balance 2, 240. 60 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 47, 598. 24 Traveling expenses 100. 00 Transportation of supplies 1, ,597. 09 Heat, light, and power (service) i 2,604.10 Telegraph and telephone service [ 340. 17 Printing, binding, and advertising . ' 6. 00 Subsistence supplies 27, 176. 37 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 13, 591. 87 Forage ^ 2, 775. 07 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc J 3, 669. 58 Eucational, stationery, and office supplies 1,078.18 Medical supplies 1, 117. 89 Live stock 1, 97.5. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 267.13 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 10, 918. 91 . Rent 1 240. 00 Miscellaneous : 1, 103. 80 117, 159. 40 Indian school, Phoenix, Ariz., repairs and improvement. Meal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $12, 500. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 7, 500. 00 Amount expended 7, 130. 75 Unexpended balance 369. 25 Analysis of expenditures : Construction 716. 40 Repairs (to plant) 6,414.35 7, 130. 75 110 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Statistical statement for year ending June 30, 1916. Value of school plant — Real property $496, 686 Number of buildings 100 Number of employees 56 Total salaries „_1 $45, 970 Average attendance of pupils ' 708 Average enrollment 761 Capacity 700 Cost per capita, based on average enrollment : '$151 Cost per capita, based on average attendance $162 Area of school land (acres) 2401 Area of school land (acres cultivated) "126 Yalue of products of school ' $3, 296 Value of agricultural products ''$4,990 Expended also of " Miscellaneous receipts. Class IV " $90 Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1918 : Support $119,400 Repairs and improvements 12, 500 New buildings 30, 000 Remodeling and improvement heating plant 15, 000 Total ^-^^ 176, 900 Amount requested in proposed bill, 1938: Support and education of 700 Indian pupils at the Phoenix In- dian School and superintendent's salary 119, 400 Repairs and improvements 12, 500 New buildings, auditorium, and equipment 20, 000 Remodeling and improving heating plant 15, 000 Total ___- 166, 900 SALAEIES, 1917. ' Superintendent ^2, 250 Clerk 1,300 Do 900 Assistant clerk 780 Do _ 900 Physician 1, 600 Disciplinarian . : i, 000 Assistant disciplinarian ,_ 660 Principal teacher 1, 200 Teacher 000 Do 810 Do _ 810 Do 780 Do _ 750 Do 750 Do 720 Do 720 Do 690 Do 660 Do 660 Matron ^ 840 Assistant matron 780 Do ^ _, ~ 600 Do 600 Do 600 Housekeeper 600 Do '_ 600 iThe per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year In compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70 72) and the act approved Sept. 7, 1916, Public No. 264, 64th Cong. ' '' 2 This does not Include 67 acres of pasture. 3 This includes both materials and labor of employees and school pupils * This Includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock ISTDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. Ill Nurse $720 Seamstress 6(50 Teiiclier of domestic art, $72 per month_- ; 720 Assist:) nt seiniistress 300 Tailor ; 720 Laundress . 600 Assistant laundress 300 Baker 540 Cook 660 Domestic-science teacher, $72 per montli 720 Hospital cook 600 Parmer 1,000 Laborer 720 Dairyman 750 Gardner 1,000 Do '720 Superintendent of industries 1, 200 Carpenter ; 1,060 Printer 1,000 Painter 780 Blacksmith 780 Tinner : 840 Engineer 1, 100 Assistant engineer 900 Band instructor 780 Laborer : 600 Do - 600 Do 600 Assistant 300 44, 730 $119,400 requested for this school will . provide for the salary of the superin- tendent and a per capita expenditure of $167.36 for 700 pupils. This is very much lower than the per capita of $200 provided by law. The school pbmt is valued at $496,686. There are 300 buildings, many of which are old and worn. The $12,500 asked for repairs is the amount previously allowed for the purpose. The auditorium at the Phoenix School was built when the school enrolled only onp-lialf of its present mmibor and will seat only jitiout one-hnlf of thf student body. Provision for a larger one has been sti-ongly urged. To provide for this improvement $20,000 is needed. The heating plant at the sclioo! is entirely inndequate. About one-h-'lf of the buildings are now heated by stoves. It is proposed to overhaul the entire plant, mal^ina: it more efficient and extending it to more buildings. It will take $15,000 to provide the improvements needed. The Chairman. What is the necessity for these additions? Mr. Meritt. I visited the Phoenix School last spring, and I know from personal observation the urgent need of this auditorium and equipment, for the simple reason that the plant as now constructed provides for 700 pupils and the auditorium only had a seating capacity of between 350 and 400. They can not get all the students in this auditorium. The Chairmax. "Well, do you propose to enlarge the present build- ing or build a new one? Mr. Meritt. It is proposed to utilize the present building for other purposes and put up a new building. The Chairman. Haven't they at that place already a heating plant? 1 . J! Mr. Meritt. The heating plant is inadequate. There are a lot o± old stoves that heat the buildings. They need fires there about five 1 One-half salary payable from " Relieving distress and prevention, etc., of diseases among Indians, 1917." 112 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. months in the year, and they should have a central heating plant. It would be economy for the school and give very much better service. The Chairman. It is a very fine school, from what I know. Mr. Merttt. They are doing splendid work at that school, and these two improvements are very much needed there. We did not allow all of the requests of the superintendent, but in making the estimates these two improvements were included because they were needed. The next item is: For support and education of 100 pupils at the Indian school at Truxton Can- von, Ariz., and for pay of superintendent, $18,200; for general repairs and im- provements, $3,000; in all $21,200. That is the same amount that was appropriated last year. I offer for the record the following justification for this item : INDIAN SCHOOL, TRUXTON CANYON, AEIZ. Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1917, amount appropriated $18, 200. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 18, 200. 00 Amount expended 17, 414. 40 Unexpended balance 785. 60 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 9, 395. 32 Traveling expenses 24. 02 Telegraph and telephone service 1. 84 Subsistence supplies 3, 182.47 Drv goods, wearing apparel, etc 2, 235. 94 Forage ^^ 471. 18 Fuel, iUuminants, lubricants, etc 1, 208. 13 Educational, stationery, and office supplies: 120. 78 Medical supplies 1 ; 71. 31 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 103. 37 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 585. 44 Miscellaneous 14. 60 17, 414. 40 INJHAN SCHOOL, TKUXTON CANYON, .AKIZ., EEPAIKS AND IMPKOVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending .June 30, 1917, amount appropriated ,$3, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount approprited 3, 000. 00 Amount expended , 2, 046. 43 Unexpended balance 9.53, 57 Analy.sis of expenditures : Repairs (to plant) 2 2, 046. 43 STATISTIC-\L .STATEMENT FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916. Value of school plant — Real property__ ,$97, 371 Number of buildings 35 Number of employees 15 Total salaries : $9, 370 Average attendance of pupils 96 Average enrollment 97 Capacity 140 INDIABT APPEOPEIATION- BILL. 113 Cost per capita ba«ed oh aveira^e eiiroHmeuit 1 ^_ '$164 Cost per capita based on average attendance I- $166 Area of school land ,( acres) __, , , 800 Area of school land (acres cultivated^ I I __I "11 Value of products of school '$626 "Value of agricultural products Z_ ' $1, 159 Expended also of " Miscellaneous receipts, Class IV " $176 Superintendent's estimate at absolute needs for 1918 : Support $21,290' Eepairs and improvements 3, OOO' Total_ ^ 24,290 Amount requested in proposed bill, 1918 : Support and education of 100 Indian pupils at the Truxton Canyon Indian School and superintendent's salary 18, 200 Repairs and improvements 3, oOO Total _ 21,200 SALARIES, 1917. Superintendent $1, 500 Financial clerli 720 Teacher ■ 720 Kindergartner 630 Matron 600 Assistant matron 300 Seamstress 600 Laundress 600 Cook 600 General mechanic 900 Engineer 900 Assistant 300 Do 300 Do - 300 Total ; 8,970 The amount of $18,200 requested for the support fund, will, after deducting the salary of the superintendent, provide for a per capita expense of $167. This amount remains the same as the appropriation for tlie last four years. Congress has authorized a per capita expense in Indian schools of $200. $3,000 is requested for repairs and improvements. This is to provide for a plant valued at $97,370 and amounts to a very little more than 3 per cent. The next item is: For continuing the vs^ork of constructing the irrigation system for the irriga- tion of the lands of the Pima Indians in the vicinity of Sacaton, on the Gila River Indian Reservation, within the limit of cost fixed by the act of March 3, 1905, $10,000 ; and for maintenance and operation of the pumping plants and canal systems, $10,000; in all, $20,000, reimbursable as provided in section 2 of the act of August 24, 1912 (37 Stat., p. 522), and to remain available until expended. That is the same amount that was appropriated last year. 1 The Der capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year In compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72) and the act approved Sept 7, 1916, public, No. 264, Sixty-fourth Congress. 2 This does not include 6 acres of pasture. , , , „ ' This includes both materials and labor of employees and school pupils. *Thls includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock. 71486—16 8 114 INDIAN APPEOPMATION BILL. I offer, for the record the following justifications for this item : Maintenance, irrigation system, Pima Indian lands, Arizona (reimbursable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $10, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated : 10, 000. CO Amount expended 9, 241. 90 Unexpended balance 758. 10 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 4,988.13 Traveling expenses 91. 75 Transportation of supplies . 10. 59 Heat, light, and power (service)- 2,110.49 Forage ' , 84. 20 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 61. 11 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 961. 85 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 819. 03 Miscellaneous 114. 75 9, 241. 90 Gila River Reservation, Sacaton project .$20, 000 Indian Tribes, Pima. Number of Indians, 1,000. Area of reservation, 360,000 acres. Area Irrigable from constructed works, 4,000 acres. Area actually irrigated, 3,960 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 3,960 acres. Area of whole project, 8,000 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $425,144.64. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $15,371.91. Estimated additional cost to complete, $180,000. Estimated total cost of irrigation, $78 per acre. Average value of irrigated lands, $150 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 9 inches. Source of water supply, wells and Gila River. Market for products, local and general, excellent. Distance from railroad, 8 to 15 miles. Continuation of construction and maintenance, irrigation system, Pima Indian lands, Arizona (reimbursable) $20,000 This appropriation is for the operation and maintenance of the canal system and eight pumping plants constructed on the north side of the Gila River upon the Pima Indian Reservation. This project is of great benefit to the Indians, more than 4,000 acres now being cultivated, all Of which is done by the Indians themselves. Ten thousand dollars of the funds here requested are for the maintenance and operation, including- the purchase of electricity, which is supplied from the Salt River reclamation project, the necessary canal patrol and operation, and the purchase of supplies and expense of upkeep of the transmission lines, motors, pumps, and miscellaneous machinery of tlie pumping system, as well as struc- tures and canals by means of which gravity water is obtained from the Gila River whenever it is flowing. The $10,000 for construction will be used in com- pleting two more wells, which were started five or six years ago, when this work was under the control of the Reclamation Service, but were never com- pleted. This will also provide for the necessary pumps, motors, pump houses, and the construction of canals to carry the water to the Indian allotments. More than 7,000 acres .have already been allotted, and with the water supply from the present pumping plants it is not possible to supply all the allotments, and therefore many Indians are hampered in making the progress which they otherwise would. A dependable supply of water will furnish all the Indians allotted under this project with the means of an adequate self-support ' INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 115 The Chairman. I see you have struck out the words " and repair " in the next item, so that it now reads : For the construction of necessary channels and laterals for the utilization of water in connection with the pumping plant for irrigation purposes, and for the installation of additional pumping machinery on the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Ariz., as provided in the act of April 4, 1910 (36 Stat., p. 273), for the purpose of securing an appropriation of water for the irrigation of approxi- mately 150,000 acres of land, $25,000, and for maintaining and operating the pumping plant, canals, and structures, $15,000 ; in all, $40,000, reimbursable as provided in said act, and to remain available until expended. Isn't it a fact that that irrigation work was almost destroyed a few years ago and has not been rebuilt ? I see the words " and repair " are stricken out, and you have added " and for the installation of additional pumping machinery." Why was it necessary to strike out the words " and repair " and add the words " and for the installation of additional pumping machinery " ? Mr. Meritt. I think those words " and repair " should be restored. The reason for the other amendment is because we are proposing to The Chairman (interposing). Those words ought to be restored, because I do not see how you could run without repairing them occasionally. Mr. Meritt. We are proposing to enlarge that project so as to irri- gate additional land on the reservation to provide irrigable allot- ments for Indians who are entitled to allotments on that reservation. I offer the following justification for this item : Irrigation, Colorado River Reservation, Ariz, (reimbursable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated __ $15, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Unexpended balance from previous years 1, 821. 52 Amount appropriated 15, 000. 00 16, 821. 52 Amount expended 16, 014. 96 Unexpended balance 806. 56 Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages ii> ^^4. aa Traveling expenses ^9^- °o Transportation of supplies 1. IWI- jj- Printing, binding, and adwrtising .i^'ta Forage 126.66 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 778. 17 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc Mi. \j Sundry supplies, equipment, etc ' qq at TJpTit >>•>• "^ Miscellaneous ^^"- "" 16, 014. 96 Colorado River Reservation project $40, 000 Indian tribes, Majave and Chemihuevi. Number of Indians, 1,300. Area of reservation, 240,640 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 3,500 acres. Area actually irrigated, 1,212 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 1,100 acres. 11'6 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Afea farmed by lessees, 112 acres. . Area of the whole projects, 11,000 acres. Cost of Irrigation construction, $116,732.51. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $30,077.37. Estimated additional cost to complete project, $110,000. Estimated total cost of irrigation, $23 per acre. Average value of irrigated lands, $150 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 4 inches. Source of v?ater supply, Colorado River. Market for pi'oducts, local and general (good). Distance from railroad, 1 to 10 miles. Colorado River Reservation $40, 000 This reservation embraces lands lying along the Colorado River in the vicinity of Parker, Ariz., and Is the liome of about 1,200 Mojaves and a small number of Chemiliuevis. The present pumping plant, taking water from the Colorado River, wais constructed in 1911-12. Since that time the plant has been operated and sueh extensions made to the canal system as were required for the lands put under cultivation. The pumping plant consists of the most modem pumping machinery housed in a substantial concrete building. It is capable of delivering 50 second-feet of water, continuous flow, sufficient to irrigate 6,000 acres of land under a duty of water of 4 acre-feet per acre. Lands in allotments of 10 acres each were given to about 500 Indians in 1912, and many of them have made considerable progress in clearing and farming their allotments. All the land under the present ditch system has been allotted, and, as the Indians living along the Colorado River and its tributaries, now without allotments, are entitled to allotment on this reser- vation, it is necessary to irrigate more land to satisfy their needs. The $15,000 is for the purchase of fuel and supplies and for the operation and maintenance cost of the power plant and the maintenance of the canal system, comprising some 15 miles of laterals and ditches. The maintenance cost of the ditches is comparatively large, owing to the great amount of silt suspended In the Colorado River water. Much of the heavier silt is precipitated in the settling basin, which is a part of the pumping plant, and is sluiced back ia'to the river, but considerable quantities are carried through and deposited in the ditches, so they must frequently be cleaned out. The remaining $25,000 requested is needed to extend the present canal system to irrigate a large number of allotments not now supplied with irriga- tion facilities. In addition to the present machinery it is proposed to install a new engine and pumping unit with a portion of the $25,000 which this act will make avail- able. The reinforced concrete engine house, pump pit, and forebay will require no enlargement, and the balance of the funds will be used to extend and enlarge the canal system to reach the allotments which are being made to these Indians. There are several hundred individuals still to be allotted, and little progress can be made toward this until the irrigation system is extended so that the Indians may go upon the land and make their home and a living thereon. The Chairman. Does that enlarge the pmnping plant that you already have on the north side of that river? That will increase the capacity of the pumping plant, Avill it not? You had quite a num- ber of ditches there and quite a large main ditch that led from the river. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. I would like to inquire whether or not the head- gate leading to that large ditch has ever been repaired, so as to put water m the ditch for the use of the farmers under that main ditch? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chaieman. How long has that been done? Mr. Campbell. It could not be very long. It was only authorized a year ago. Mr. Meeitt. That has been done, and we are irrigating quite a- good deal of land on that reservation. INDIAN APPROPBIATION BILL. 117 The Chairman. So you have justificatioas. for raising the amount from $15,000 to $40,000 ? Mr. Meeitt. Yesj sir ; the. justiffcations have been put in the record. It is very much needed. The next item reads : For improvement and sinking of wells, installation of pumping machinery, construction of tanks for domestic and stock water, and for the necessary struc- tures for the development and distribution of a supply of water and for maintenance and operation of constructed works for Papago Indian villages in southern Arizona, $20,000. We offer for the record the following justification for this item : Water supply, Papago Indian villages, Arizona. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $20, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 20, 000. 00 Amount expended 18, 547. 79 Fnexpended balance 1, 452. 21 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages - 9, 826. 50 Traveling expenses .- 489. 79 Printing, binding, and advertising 17. 38 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 132. 62 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 3, 590. 83 Sundrv supplies, equipment, etc 4, 864. 50 Rent 7. 50 Miscellaneous 118. 67 18, 547. 79 Indian tribes, Papago. Number of Indians, 5,000. Area of reservation, 2,926,080 acres. Estimated number of cattle owned by Indians, 40,000. Number of villages already benefited, 12. Number of additional villages requiring water supply, 11. Expenditures for this work, $41,732. Maintenance and operation of pumpiag plants and the installation of additional plants $20, 000 _ The principal requirement of the Papago Indians is a supply of water for domestic and stock purposes. Water should be developed in wells wherever it is possible to do so, for this source is both more dependable and more sanitary than the ponds now in use, as practically every one of these dry up at least once each year. A heavy financial loss is suffered each year by the Indians by reason of the drying up of the ponds. The cattle are driven to the mountain -wells and many of them starve due to the lack of feed in the mountains. The health of the various communities Is also endangered by the use of pol- luted pond water. These ponds simply catch surface drainage and are suffi- cient at most for drinking and cooking. The Indians can make no progress toward proper self-support until they are protected from danger of water famine. Without wells and pumping plants their very existence is continually in jeopardy. The plants already installed have been of great value and permit the Indians to remain at their valley villages to care for their crops and cattle. This they could not do before because no water was available in the summer even for drinking. At some plants Indians come 20 miles to haul water to their homes. This is in the same language and the same amount as was appro- priated last year. 118 INDIAN APPROPEIAnON BILL. The Chairman. The next item is: To enable the Secretary of the Interior to carry into efEect the provisions of the sixth article of the treaty of July 1, 1868, between the United States and cne Navajo Nation or Tribe or Indians, proclaimed August 12, 1868, whereby the United States agrees to provide school facilities for the children of the Navajo Tribe of Indians, $100,000 : Provided, That the said Secretary may ex- pend said funds, in his discretion, ip establishing or enlarging day or industrial schools. That is the same as you had last year. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification: Fulfilling treaties with Navajoes: Schools, Arizona. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $100, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 100, 000. 00 Amount expended : 46, 920. 62 Unexpended balance ^ 53, 079. 38 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 1, 334. 57 Traveling expenses 99. 72 Printing, binding, and advertising . 131. 19 Fuel, lUuminants, lubricants, etc 4. 50 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 2, 289. 55 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc . 510. 68 Construction 33, 823. 15 Repairs (to plant) 8,727.26 46, 920. 62 The $100,000 appropriated for the fiscal year 1916 was used for increasing school facilities for Navajo children at the following schools : Leupp school, increase in capacity, 95 ; Western Navajo school, increase in capacity, 118. Established: Luki Chuki Day School (Navajo), capacity, 60. Total increase in capacity, Navajo schools, 273. The following table shows the number of children on the Navajo Reserva- tion who are eligible for attendance at school, the capacity of all schools Includ- ing Government, mission, and publish schools, and the number of eligible children not in school. The table does not Include the Navajo children under the jurisdiction of the Moqui School. School. Eligible children. Capacity, all schools. Eligible children not in school. 452 4,064 820 1903 12,000 88 926 225 180 270 347 3,117 665 724 1,781 Total 8,239 1,689 6,534 'Estimated. With over 6,000 children out of school on the Navajo Reservation, the need for additional school facilities is apparent. On account of the character of the country and the fact that the main industry is sheep raising, it will be neces- sary in most cases to provide boarding schools. The families follow their 1 Will be expended on account of contracts for construction of buildings and other outstanding obligations. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 119 flocks in search of pasture and water, and the children must either go with them or be left in a boarding school. A complete and accurate census has not been taken, and the figures as to population are largely estimated. _ That appropriation is very much needed in order to provide addi- tional school facilirties for the Navajo Indians. There are more than 5,000 Indian children in the Navajo country without school facilities. The Chairman. Your justification shows all that. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. That is for the purpose of carrying out the treaty which guarantees educational facilities to the Navajo Indians. Mr. Campbell. I see you have quite an unexpended balance there. Mr. Meritt. That balance — we have got the construction going on now, Mr. Campbell, and that fund will be utilized in paying for the new buildings that are under process of construction. We have made the contracts. The Chairman. Does that include any ditches for irrigation work? Mr. Meritt. That appropriation is used solely for the building of new school buildings and providing additional school facilities to Indians. It is not used for irrigation purposes at all. The Chairman. Well, now, are these schools what we would call day schools scattered over the reservation? Mr. Meritt. Some of them are day schools, and some of them — we have increased the capacity of the boarding schools. We have used this appropriation in such a way as to -increase in the quickest way possible the school capacity in that Navajo country. The Chairman. Aren't those Indians so situated, and isn't the general condition of affairs up there so that you can not get the Indians to the schools unless you have day schools that are near where they are? Mr. Meritt. That is true as to part of the schools, but we have a number of boarding schools on that reservation, and we can get the pupils to come to those boarding schools, and they stay there all the time while the parents are going from one part of the reservation to another looking after their sheep and cattle. The Chairman. The next item is : For continuing the development of a water supply for the Navajo Indians, ?30,000, to be immediately available, reimbursable out of any funds of said Indians now or hereafter available. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Water supply, Navajo Indians, Arizona { reimbur sable) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $25, OOP. 00 Fiscal year ended .Tune 30, 1916 : Unexpended balance from previous years _- 2, 254. 68 Amount appropriated 25, QUO. UU 27, 254. 68 Amount expended ^0, 597. 40 Unexpended balance ^^— __6^J57^ Analysis of expenditures: is siq qq Salaries and wages lo, »ia. 66 Traveling expenses _ ^oo. io Transportation of supplies »/u. oi 12'(> INDIAN APPEOPHIATIO-N BILL. Analysis of expenditures — Continued. Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc $119. 65 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 713. 24 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 1,, 49,4. 51 Rent - 24.00 20, 5m. 40' NAVAJO RESEHVATIOW WATEK SUPPLY. Number of Indians (Navajo and Hopi), 27,711; area of reservation (acres), 1 1 .976,983 ; number of wells drilled, 166 ; total expenditures, $94,926.64. r)f the wells already drilled nearly half either have too small a supply or the quality of water is too poor to use. In certain limited localities artesian flow is found of sufficient force to furnish enough water for the stocls in the vicinity. Most of the wells, however, which are good are equipped with wind- mills, tanks, and watering troughs. This is the fund from which the well-drilling rigs are operated on the reser^ vations occupied by Navajo Indians, and the necessar.y pumps, windmills, tanKs, etc., bought and installed. The operation and maintenance of the wells must also be met from this fund. This worli is considered the most valuable in the district. The Navajo and Hopi reservations are in one of the most arid regions of the United States, and the Indians depend almost entirely upon their flocks of sheep and goats rof their subsistence, with slight help from their few cattle and by the cultivation during exceptional years of little tracts of land where available. It Is necessary to give these wells attention at regular intervals to keep them in good working order. One outfit is kept busy on this work. There have been 160 wells drilled or dug since the beginning of this work, and their usefulness can hardly be overestimated. Water for the stock means the utilization of many hundred square miles of pasture which could not otherwise be available. The Indians benefited by this work number 27,711, and have more than 2,000,000 head of stock, including sheep, goats, horses, and cattle. A great in- crease in this stock has been made possible since this water development was initiated, but large areas are yet almost useless for grazing purposes, due to the lack of vi'ater supply for which the funds here requested will make partial provision. The Chairman. I see you have made a change there and raised that amount from $25,000 to $30,000? Mr. Meeitt. We will be satisfied, Mr. Chairman, with the amount appropriated last year, but we would like to have that change sug- gested in line 10, striking out the words "on the Navajo Eeserva- tion," so that it will not be limited to the Navajo Reservation. Prac- tically speaking, there are five reservations in the Navajo country', the Navajo Reservation, the Pueblo Reservation, the San Juan Reser- vation, the Western Navajo Reservation, and the Moqui Reservation, and under a strict interpretation we would be limited in using this appropriation for the Navajo Reservation within the Navajo country. The Chairman. Make it plural then, " Navajo Reservations." Wouldn't that include all of them? Mr. Meeitt. It was intended to use this appropriation within the Navajo country, rather than to use it on the Navajo Reservation, and it is for the purpose of striking out the words " on the Navajo Reser- , vation " that we made this change. The Chairman. Well now, is this in Arizona or in New Mexico? Part of those Indians are in one State and part in the other, and it seems this will apply to New Mexico and Arizona, so it will apply to either State. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; the Navajo country is partly in New Mexico and partly in Arizona. Most of it is in Arizona. INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 121 The Chairman. The next item reads as follows: For the maintenance and operation of the Ganado irrigation project on the Navajo Indian Reservation in Arizona,, $4,000, reimbursable under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior shall prescribe. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Oanado irrigation project, Navajo Reservation, Ariz, {reimbursable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated ^ $23, 000 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, no appropriation. Indian tribes, Navajo. Number of Indians, 24,606. Area of reservation, 9,503,763 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 500 acres. Area actually irrigated, 200 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 100 acres. Area of whole project, 1,587 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $64,603.24. Cost of irrigation, operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $2,135.65. Estimated additional cost to complete, $10,000. Estimated total cost of irrigation, $53 per acre. Average value of irrigated lands, $100 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 12 inches. Source of water supply, Rio Pueblo Colorado. Market for produce, local (good). Distance from railroad, 50 miles. . This project was originally planned to irrigate about 700 acres, at an ex- pense of $60,100 for its construction, but the limit of cost was raised $20,000 and the area to be covered increased in the Indian bill for the fiscal year 1917, The total area eventually to be irrigated is 1,587 acres, and considering the great number of Navajo Indians and the scarcity of even fairly good irri- gation projects makes it imperative to make use of every possible acre which may be supplied with water. Some Indians, however, are already irrigating land under the portion completed. The funds here requested are to maintain and operate the system. The appropriation last year was $23,000, and we are only asking for $4,000 this year. The appropriation is available for this year, and we are doing construction work now, and I could not tell you what the present balance is. Mr. Carter. Where is the language in the present law, Mr. Meritt? •' The Chaikman. The Ganado project was started about three years ago, I think. Mr. Carter. You don't seem to have it in this bill at all. Mr. Meritt. Here is the language of last year's appropriation : For extension of the Ganado irrigation project on the Navajo Reservation in Ai-izona; for the irrigation of approximately 600 acres of land in addition to the area'to be irrigated by said project, as authorized in section 2 of the act of August 24, 1912, $20,000 ; and for maintenance and operation of the project, $3,000; in all, $23,000, to be reimbursable and to remain available until ex- pended. The Chairman. Should we not substitute the language we have here for that language? ., . Mr. Meritt. We want the language we have in the estimates for the reason that we are now constructing this project, and next year we will simply need $3,000 for maintaining the project. The Chairman. This language is satisfactory, then? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 122 INDIAN" APPEOPEIATION BILL. Mr. Carter. What is the balance on this? Mr. Meritt. The appropriation is now being used, Mr. Carter. Mr. Carter. You never had it until this year. Mr. Meritt. No, sir. The Chairman. The next item is : For completing the construction by the Indian Service of a clam with a bridge superstructure and the necessary controlling worl'S for diverting water from the Gila River for the irrigation of Indian land and Indian allotments on the Gila River Indian Reservation, Ariz., as recommended by the Board of Engi- neers of the United States Army in paragaph 217 of its report to the Secretary of War of February 14, 1914 (H. Doc. No. 791), $125,000, to be immediately available and to remain available until expended, reimbursable as provided in section 2 of the act of August 24, 1912 (37 Stat., p. 522), the total cost not to exceed $200,000. Mr. jMeeitt. We offer for the record the following justification: Diversion Dam, Gila River Reservation, Ariz, (reimbursable) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $75, 000 No appropriation for 1916. STATISTICS FOE WHOLE GILA KTVER EESEBVATION. Indian tribes, Maricopa, Pima. Number of Indians, 3,800. Area of reservation, 361,000 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 20,000 acres. Area actually irrigated, 18,000 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 18,000 acres. Area of whole project, 50,000 acres. Cost of work already authorized, $75,000. Cost of completed dam and bridge, $200,000. Estimated additional cost to complete project, . Estimated total cost of irrigation, probably $60 per acre. Average value of irrigated lands, $150 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 9 inches. Source of water supply, wells and Gila River. Market for products, local and general (excellent). Distance from railroad, 8 to 16 miles. Gila River Reservation, Sacaton Bridge and Dam, $125,000. This is the balance needed to complete the work which was authorized in the Indian act for 1917. Both a bridge and some form of diversion are badly needed at this point, and, by combining the two in a single structure the cost may be greatly reduced. The weir is required to divert water for Indian lands on both sides of the river. On the north side a large sum has been expended by the Reclamation Service in the conservation eventually of 10,000 acres of land, but without some means of diversion this system can not be used to distribute river water, since no water can be taken into the main canal at present. This dam will divert water on the south side of the Gila River to supply eventually about 30,000 acres, of which at present about 8,000 acres are being farmed. The usefulness of this weir is entirely independent of the proposed San Carlos Reservoir, yet it i.'i designed so that it would be useful if the reservoir were built. The weir will serve the purpose of diverting water directly from the river. This means that whenever there is any flow, no matter how small or how large, in the river, the Indians could divert water for their crops. At present, by the expenditure of much time and labor in the construction of a long line of brush dams after every flood in the river, they are enabled to divert some water into the old Santan Canal, which waters about 3,300 acres of land. As with all the other headings of this character in the Gila, a very small flood is sufficient to entirely destroy the dam, and by the time the Indians have rebuilt' it, most of the flow has gone by and sometimes but a few days' use of the dam is all the return they get for the hard labor expended in its construction. INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. 123 The amount of water that could be diverted from the river during tlie flood periods, by means of a permanent diversion, would be several times greater than the amount now diverted by the temporary heading. The effect that this increased supply of water would have on this Indian community in the way of stinmlating interest in farming would be very bene- ficial, since the uncertain water supply that they now have tends to discourage efforts along these lines. The bridge is very necessary for the reason that the characted of the river throughout the reservation is such that a very little water renders the cross- ing very difficult for teams and impossible for automobiles. When the river is dry the sand is so deep that vehicles find difficulty in crossing. At present the nearest bridge is at Florence. 23 miles above the site of the proposed bridge and weir. During the past year the river was impassible for teams for over four months, and for automobiles for about nine months, and during this time all traffic between the north and south sides necessarily had to cross at Florence. Whenever the river can not be forded, that part of the i-eservation lying on the opposite side of the river from the agency is in effect removed 46 miles farther from the office of the superintendent, and tliis 46 miles is over roads that are often nearly Impassible for weeks at a time. About 1,500 Indians live on the north side of the river and 2,300 on the south side. By combining the bridge and weir, the weir together with its apron and cut- off walls acts as the foundation for the bridge, and a large saving in the cost of construction is effected. The Chaieman. What is the necessity of that? I see you have stricken out the word "beginning" and inserted the word "com- pleting." Mr. Meeitt. For the reason that when we began that item was carried in the Indian appropriation act of the current year, and this amount we are requesting will enable us to complete the project. The Chairman. Why is it necessary to increase the amount from $75,000 to $125,000? Mr. Meeitt. It was understood last year that we would ask a suffi- cient amount this year to complete the project., We are simply start- ing on the project now, and we will not begin very much construc- tion work on that project The Cha'iejian (interposing). When was that project passed upon — agreed upon? Mr. Meeitt. It was agreed upon by the Indian committees of the House and Senate, and allowed by Congress at the last session. The Chaiemax. It is a going project? Mr. Meeitt. It is being carried on now, and the work has been started. This project is desirable, indeed. The site for this con- struction, this bridge and dam, is just above the Sacaton agency. The river, as you recall, is very wide, and the Gila River is very irregular and an uncertain proposition, and it is difficult to keep it within its banks. By the way, the site for this bridge is immedi- ately below the headgate of the ditch that you referred to a few minutes ago, Mr. Chairman, and if we get this bridge and dam we will be able to bring water to the mouth of that headgate and irri- gate quite a large acreage of Indian land. I was at this site in the spring and saw the conditions there myself. The Chaieman. The next is stricken out. It is law, I guess. The next is: For additional installments of the charges for providing water rights for 6 310 acres of Salt River Indian allotments provided in the act of May 18, 1916 and for the extension of canals and laterals and for the construction of other necessary irrigation facilities to supply the said lands with water, $20,000. 124 INDIAN APPaOPEiATION BILL. That is new. What is the necessity for that? Mr. Meeitt. You notice the language stricken out refers to the same matter. The Chairman. It simply rewrites the language stricken out, Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification for this item : Water rights, Salt River Indian allottees, Arizona. Fiscal vear ending .Tune 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $20, 000 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : No appropriation for 1916. SALT BIVER EESERVATION. Indian tribes, Maricopa and Pima. Number of Indians, 972. Area of reservation, acres, 46,720. ■ Area Irrigable from constructed works, acres, 6,507. Area farmed by Indians, acres, 6,507. Area of whole project, acres, 12,000. Cost of irrigation construction, .$1,544.41. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance and miscellaneous, $4,897.98. Estimated additional cost to complete, $300,000. Estimated total cost of Irrigation per acre, $65. Average value of irrigated land per acre, $150. Average annual precipitation. Inches, 12. Source of water supply, Roosevelt Reservoir. Market for produce, local and general (excellent). Distance from railroad, 15 miles. This item is for the second payment upon the building charges and for main- tenance of the irrigation system covering the land for which authority was granted in the Indian appropriation act for 1917 to secure water from the Salt River reclamation project. It may also be necessary to construct and. repair some of the smaller laterals which lead to the farm units of only 10 acres, these being smaller divisions than are constructed and maintained by the Reclamation Service under the rules and laws pertaining to the general construction of the Salt River project. The Indians of this reservation have made excellent use of all opportunities which have been afforded them to carry on agriculture. This is simply for the purpose of carrying out legislation already authorized. The Chairman. It simply carries out the same appropriation, but in different language? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. What did you do with the money appropriated last year ? Mr. Mekitt. We paid that as an installment on the water rights that we bought for these Indians, and this is another installment. The (Jhaieman. The next item is as follows : For completing the construction by the Indian Service of a diversion dam and necessary controlling works for diverting water from the Gila River at a site above Florence, Ariz., as estimated by the board of engineer officers of the United States Army in paragraph 138 of its report to the Secretary of War of February 14, 1914 (H. Doc. No. 791), $100,000, to remain available until expended, the total cost not to exceed $175,000 ; and for beginning the con- struction of the necessary canals and structures to carry the natural flow of the Gila River to the Indian lands of the Gila River Indian Reservation and to public and private lands in Pinal County, as provided In the act of May 18, 1916, $125,000, to remain available until expended ; in all, $225,000 : Provided, That the water diverted from the Gila River by said diversion dam and canals shall be distributed by the Secretary of the Interior to the Indian lands of said reservation and to the private and public lands in said county in accord- ance with the respective rights and priorities of such lands to the beneficial IffifMAlir APPROIPMATION BILL. 125 use of said watei* as may be dfitermimed by agreement of the owners thereof with the Secretary of th? Interior or by a court of competent jurisdiction: Provided further, That the construction charge for the actual cost of said diversion dam and other works and rights shall be divi'ded equitably by the Secretary of the Interior between the Indian lands and the pritate and public lands in said county; and said cost as fixed for said Indian lands shall be redmbursable as provided in section 2 of the act of August 24, 1912 (37 Stat., p. 522) ; but the construction charge as fixed for the private and public lands in said county shall be paid by the owner or entryman in accordance with the terms of an act extending the period of payment under reclamation projects, approved August 13, 1914 (38 Stat., p. 686) : And provided further, That said project shall only be undertaken if the Secretary of the Interior shall be able to make or provide for what he shall deem to be satisfactory adjustments of the rights to the water to be diverted by said diversion dam or carried in canals and satisfactory arrangements for the inclusion of lands within said project and the purchase of property rights which he shall deem necessary to be acquired and shall determine and declare said project to be feasible. Mr. Mfeitt. I offer for the record the following justification for tliat item : ' Diversion dam, Gila River, above Florence, Ariz. (reimbursaMe) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $75, 000 Fiscal yesir ended June 30, 1916 : No appropriation for 1916. Florence Dam $225, 000 'This appropriation is for the completion of the dam authorized in the Indian , act for 1917, which is located a;bouit 12 miles above the town of Florence, Arliz., on the Gila River. In addition it is proposed to begiai the construction of a main canal, by which the water from this diversion dam may be carried to the lands to be benefited thereby. The crude and unsubstantial devices which the Indians on the Gila River Reservation and the white people in this vicinity have hitherto used are entirely inadequate for obtaining a reliaJble amd continuous supply of Avater even when there is a flow in the river. The floods of the last few years have so widened and altered the channels of the Gila River that it has been impossible in some instances to again divert water in the canals formerly used, so that without the system which has been authorized greater difficulty than ever will be experienced in farming the land, which yields most bountiful crops when (provided with water. The Pima Indian lands to which water will be taken are about 18 miles below the site of the dam and the main body of white lands to which water will be brought lie from 8 to 22 miles. It will thus be seen tJiat the canal construction is absolutely necessary to make the water of any use to the Indians, and as tihe whole project is to be reimbursed to the Government and as probably more than 30,0(X) acres are at present being farmed by both Indians and whites with great expense and loss each year on account of the inability to secure water when needed, the urgency of providing funds here requested is apparent. With the use of the dam already authorized and the canals for which funds are now being requested not only may the lands already fanned be irrigated more cheaply and satisfactorily, but a much larger area may be supplied with ^.fater. Many Indians upon the Pima Reservation can not now be given irri- gable allotments because of the difficulty of watering any more land. This proposed dam and canal will supply not only these Indian lands, but also such aflditional lands belonging to white owners for which water is found to be available. Mr. Mekitt. This is another project authorized in the last Indian appropriation act, and we propose, if we can get the appropriation we are requesting, to complete that project. It is for the purpose of building a dam on the Gila Kiver above Florence, about 12 miles above Florence. It is a diversion dam for the purpose of irrigating the lands of the Pima Indians and also for the purpose of irrigating lands of the white people, but they will be required to pay their pro rata share. We are now in the process of settling that on an amicable basis and getting water tor the benefit of those Indians. I 126 INDIAN APPBOPKIATION BILL. was at the site of that dam this. spring, and it is one of the best dam sites on that reservation. Mr. Carter. I notice here you say the total cost will not exceed $175,000 and now you ask for an appropriation of $125,000 in addi- tion to the $175,000, which makes it $300,000. The Chairman. I think the diversion dam was what they meant by 'that. Mr. Meeitt. The diversion dam will not cost to exceed $175,000, and we propose now to begin the construction of the necessary canals and structures to carry the natural flow of the Gila Eiver to the In- dian lands. After we get the dam constructed it will be necessary to build the laterals to carry water to the Indian land. Mr. Carter. What will be necessary after that is done ? I saw that last year and I supposed that $175,000 Mr. Meeitt (interposing). That will complete the appropriation, when we get the laterals constructed. Of course, the dam alone would not be sufficient. It is necessary to have the laterals to carry the water to the Indian lands, and that is explained fully in the justification submitted. Mr. Campbell. That was not in connection with this, however. Mr. Carter. Was that known last year? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; it was fully known, and it was contem- plated at that time as soon as the dam was completed that we would necessarily have to build the laterals. Mr. Campbell. There was no estimate made of it. It was stated positively, I remember, that $175,000 was all that would be neces- sary to complete that enterprise. Mr. Carter. We had quite a lot of discussion about that. Mr. Campbell. It was hung up in conference for several days. Mr. Meritt. We meant by that it would be all that would be neces- sary to complete the dam. Mr. Campbell. The project was, the way I understood it. The Chairman. In line 13 you say " and for beginning of neces- sary construction." It seems that those canals to carry water onto the lands had never been provided for. Mr. Carter. How much will you want for the corripletion of those canals ? Mr. Meeitt. I could not answer that now. I can give an estimate of the total amount of the cost of construction of the laterals and furnish that for the record. (This information is as follows:) The work to be done on this project consists of the joint work at the Florence Dam, headworks, sluices, and wasteways at the headworks, and a canal with its turnouts, gates, checks, drops, bridges, culverts, etc., in which all parties interested will contribute to the cost. This work is estimated to cost $605,000, requiring $430,000 in addition to the $175,000 estimated for the dam. In addition to the joint work there will be needed for the Indian lands a main canal, estimated to cost $165,000, and distribution system under the Florence Dam, estimated to cost $50,000. There will also be needed a distribution system for the Indian lands under the Sacaton Dam, estimated to cost $326,000, and owing to the widening of the river and the increased cost of labor and material, $50,000 additional to the amount heretofore appropriated for the Sacaton bridge and dam will be necessary. The total amount required for the completion of the project, according to present estimates, is therefore $1,190,000. Of this $605,000 will be for both INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. • 127 Indian and other lands and $585,000 -will be for the use of the Indians. A large part of the work to be done for the purely Indian part of the project would be necessary in any event. The Chairman. I see on the first line of the next page you say, '■'■Provided, That the water diverted from the Gila River by said diversion dam and canals." Is it necessary to put in the word "canals" there? Mr. Meritt. That is necessary because we propose to construct the canals or laterals to take care of the water from the dam. The Chairman. You have no canals for them adequate for carry- ing off the water that you propose to use on the land below ? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. There is one canal there that was formerly used by the white owners of land that they make use of in connection with a distribution system, but it will be necessary to construct a number of canals. The Chairman. But how many acres of land will be accommodated with water by this construction? Mr. Meritt. It is my understanding there will be probably 20,000 acres of land. The Chairman. Twenty thousand acres? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Will that greatly increase the value of the land from what it is now worth? Mr. Meritt. Oh, yes ; the land is practically desert now. The Chairman. When the dam is completed as proposed in this Army ofEcer's report and they are able to get water on the land it will be worth something like $100 an acre, would it not ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Whereas now it is practically valueless. Mr. Campbell. Now, about this 30,000 acres now being farmed by both Indians and whites The Chairman. That is under the old ditch. This ditch is much farther up, higher on the mesa, and covers a great deal more land. Mr. Meritt. The Pima Indians are very industrious. Heretofore they have been putting in brush dams on the Gila River for the pur- pose of getting even a temporary water supply, so that they could raise small crops. The two dams when constructed will furnish them with a permanent water supply and put those Indians on a sounder basis, so that they can have ample water to irrigate their lands. I know of no more deserving Indians in the United States than the Pima Indians. Heretofore they have suffered very severely because of the lack of water to irrigate their lands, and these projects will be of great assistance to those Indians. Mr. Campbell. I don't know who is responsible, but I think when an item is inserted in an appropriation bill calling for the comple- tion of a project, stating that the entire project will be completed within a cost of a given amount of money, thatthat should cover the expense, the contemplated expense of the project. Now, here it is "Contended that there is a contemplated expenditure — that there was at that time contemplated an expenditure that was not included in that estimate. , , . , Mr. Meritt. That should have been made clear to the committee. Mr! Campbell. But it was not, and there was a great deal of oppo- sition to the beginning of this enterprise, and I feel very certain 128 ■ rSTDIAlir APPiaOiPEIATIOK' BILL. that if it had been kn-own then that there was withheld any itetti that would be necessary to complete it, that it would not have been passed in the last year's appropriation bill. Mr. Meeitt. These items were placed in the bill very largely on the recommendation of Eepresentative Hay-den, before this commit- tee, and he presented most of the facts in connection with them. I am sure that it was not the intention of the department to keep back any facts from the committee. The item stated on its face that the appropriation of $175,000 would be necessary for the completion of the dam. Mr. Campbell. It leaves clearly the impression — ^the infereja«e that that item — that that would be a completed project fpr $175,000. Here is the language : To remain available until expended, the total cost not to exceed $175,000. Mr. Carter. You remember, Mr. Meritt, we had quite a long dis- cussion over that when you first came up here, and Mr. Reed, if I remember correctly, had just been out to Arizona, and we went into it quite at length with him. I remember the total cost was to be $175,000. Mr. Campbell. I think the hearings will show that he stated that. Mr. Meritt. If Mr. Eeed created that impression, I am sure it was unintentional. In my work before congressional committees I try to give all tlie facts I have, and do not want to create any false impressions. Mr. Campbell. That itehi was hung up for a long time in confer- ence, and I know there was a good deal of doubt as to the propriety of beginning that project. Mr. Meritt. We will bring before the committee, as near as we can, the exact cost for the dam and for the laterals, so that there will be no question about what will be required hereafter. Mr. Carter. Well, what is the next item? Mr. Meritt. The next item we have requested for a number of years be inserted in the Indian appropriation bill, but it has always gone out in the Senate. It reads : For enlarging tlie irrigation system for the irrigation of Indian lands, for protective works to prevent damage to irrigable lands by floods, and for devel- opment of domestic water supply on the Papngo Indian Eeservation, in Arizona, in accordance with the plans and specifications submitted by the chief engineer of the Indian Service and approved by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior, and substantially as described in Senate Docu- ment No. 973, Sixty-second Congress, third session, $40,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That the cost of said project shall be reimbursed to the United States in accordance with such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe : Provided further, That the total cost of said project shall not exceed $150,000. I offer for the record the following justification for this item : Irrigation, Papago Indian Reservation, Ariz, (reimhursable) . No previous appropriations. Papago Reservation (San Xavier) irrigation project $40,000 Indian tribes, Papago. Number of Indians, 700. Area of reservation, 69,200 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works if water is available, 1,250 acres. Area actually iri'igated, 1,250 acres. Area fnrmed by Indians, 1.250 acres. Area of whole project, 3,000 acres. INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 129 Cost of irrigation construction, $38,335.75. Cost of operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $6,544.41. Estimated additional cost to complete project, $150,000. Estimated total irrigation cost, per acre, $60. Average value of irrigated lands, per acre, $150. Average annual precipitation, 12 inches. Source of water supply, wells and Santa Cruz River. Market for products, local (excellent). Distance from railroad, 1 to 4 miles. I<^or tbe installation of an irrigation system on the Papago Reservation, Ariz., $150,000. Required for 1918, $40,000. The need of an irrigation system for this reservation is very urgent. The floods of 1914r-15 so widened and deepened the channel of the Santa Cruz that it is no longer possible to divert water by means of a dam. A levee for the control of floods has been built, thus rendering the lands safe from flood damages. It will be necessary to develop water for this reservation by means of wells to augment the limited gravity supply, and about 3,500 acres will be required to provide a 5-acre allotment for each Indian. These Indians at present depend almost entirely on wood cutting for a living. The wood is cut in the Santa Cruz bottom lands on the reservation and sold in Tucson. The returns for the labor expended are very small, and if present conditions continue to exist it can not be expected that these people will make any advancement whatever. That they are inclined to be good farmers when they have the opportunity is shown by the fact that in a corn-growing contest in 1914, in which contestants from the entire State of Arizona participated, a Papago boy from this reservation won first prize, while another boy from the same reservation was winner of the second prize. Were they given an ample supply of water that would be available when required there is every reason to believe that they would equal the Pimas as an agricultural people. A very complete investigation and report has been made upon the proposed works for this reservation, and the project is described completely in Senate Document 973, Sixty-second Congress, third session. The request for funds for this work has been before Congress for several years, and it is felt that unless prompt provisions are made for the irrigation works the rights of the Indians to water will be jeopardized. Mr. Carter. Do you think there is really any need of us putting that in the bill? Mr. Meritt. We should like to have the appropriation. The Chairman. Isn't there quite a large appropriation in this bill for general irrigation purposes, and couldn't that be used instead of making this special appropriation ? Mr. Meritt. No, sir; because the law now requires us to get spe- cific authority from Congress in the construction of irrigation projects that cost over $30,000. The next item is : To enable the Secretary of the Interior, in his discretion, to purchase lands and water rights, with improvements, for the use of the Navajo Indians located on the public domain of Arizona, $25,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to remain available until expended. I offer for the record the following justification : Lands and water rights for Navajoes, Arizona and New Mexico. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated Fiscal year ending June 30, 1916: Unexpended balance from previous years $37,098.45 Amount expended 5. 333. 33 Unexpended balance 31, 765. 12 Analysis of expenditures : " ^ qqq qo Purchase of land o, ddd. cSij 71486—16 9 1^0 INDIAN APPBOPEIATJiON BILL. Immediately south of the Moqul Indian Reseryatipn, and bounded on the east and west by Executive order additions to the Navajo Reservation, is a tract comprising about 26 townships, or 599,040 acres, Ijpftwp as the putte country, Arizona. This territory is within the 40-mile lijnits of the grant to the Atlantic & Pacific Railway Co. (now the Atchisftjj, Topeka & Sfiijta Fe Railway Co.), the title to the odd-numbered sections in said to\ynships having passed to the company. On May 4, 1908, the department temporarily witfidraw the even-j)uml?er,ed sections in this area from settlement or other disposal until the Indians located thereon (numbering several thousand) could be allotted in severalty. Our records show that approximately 941 allotments have been made on the even-numbered sections in this withdrawal. This withdrawal, however, does not constitute such a reservation as to make the lands tiaerein sijbject to exchange with the company, under the act of April 21, 1904 (33 Stat. L., 211). The reports show that a considerable area of railroad land is now, and has been for many generations, used by the Indians for grazing and other pur- poses. The Indians who would be benefited by this appj:-opriation have the well-merited reputation, as a tribe, of being industrious and self-supporting, making their living almost entirely by raising sheep, goats, and cattle, ^^his industry is dependent upon a water supply which is exceedingly limited and comes almost entirely from springs. Our records show that of the 17 springs within one of the townships mentioned 15 are believed to be on railroad sec- tions. The Navajos naturally have been attracted to the railroad sections in all cases where there is a water supply. In this connection it is worthy of note that their ancestors made their homes there long before the land was surveyed, the hogans or dwellings being located in all probability with sole reference to the accessibility of water. The particular township reported to contain 15 springs is being purchased from the railway company by a white man, which leaves the occupancy of the Navajos thereon subject to his will. It is a fact that all the land con- taining springs is rapidly being bought up, and this is gradually resulting In the acquisition by others of all the water rights and suitable grazing areas upon which these Navajos are dependent. Therefore unless early steps fiie taken to protect these Indians in their continued use of some of these lands and water rights there is serious danger that they will become public charges. This would be undesirable for both the State of Arizona and the United States. Considerable criticism by missionaries and others unselfishly interested has arisen in the past from the fact that these Indians were not protected in their homes of so many generations. Recognizing this fact. Congress on March 3, 1909 (35 Stat. L., 781-783), appropriated $40,000 for the purchase of lands and water rights for the Navajos of Arizona and New Mexico " who have lost . title to their homes on the public domain." Of this amount the following ac- count is submitted : Actually expended for water rights, land, and improvements in Arizona (approximated) $3, 000 Hypothecated in the following purchases, now being negotiated by the office: 1 artesian well, 960 acres of land, and improvements, in New Mexico 7,880 1 homestead, consisting of 160 acres, with 5 or 6 springs, in New Mexico 5,333 6 springs, with 40 acres surrounding each, in Arizona 7, 500 Total amount spent and hypothecated 23, 713 TJnhypothecated balance on hand 16, 287 Of this amount only $7,500 is being used in Arizona. With the unhypothe- cated balance of this fund the office is contemplating the purchase of all odd- numbered sections in township 22 north, range 21 west, Arizona, which are very desirable for Indian purposes. At $1 per acre, this would necessitate $11,520. Numerous difficulties have been met by the office in the way of expending this money heretofore in the purchase of suitable lands and water rights — namely, defective titles, difficulties in reaching mutual understanding through correspondence, and ihe scattered condition of the Indians to be benefited. However, the purchases above listed are now well on the way toward comple- tion and the money has been hypothecated therefor. INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 131 Careful investigation has been made by Supt. Janus, of the Leupp School, together with Agency Farmer J. W. Bush, and from their reports it Is clear that in order to alleviate existing conditions and adequately protect these deserving Indians in their homes the odd-numbered sections in at least two more townships (20 and 21 N., R. 21 W.) should be purchased. This will take ^23,040, provided the land can be obtained for $1 an acre. The Information of the office Is that the railroad has sold lands in that vicinity at a similar figure. To allow for contingencies, at least $25,000 will be needed. The land could be purchased through superintendents or others employed in the Indian Service without entailing much. If any, extra expense. If this item is agreed to, the land purchased thereunder, together with the adjacent land embraced in the even-numbered sections, would serve to com- plete the work of relief for these several thousand Navajo and Insure their independence of future Government support. Attention Is Invited to the fact that an appropriation in the amount of $25,000 is comparatively a small amount when it Is considered that it will protect each Indian in his home and assure to him the reasonable probability of a liveli- hood resultng from his continued efforts at industry. Without this Incentive it would not be reasonable to expect these or any other Indians to make the ■desired progress toward assuming citizenship responsibilities. The next item is : That so much of the provision in the Indian appropriation act approved June 30, 1913 (38 Stat., p. 85) as requires reimbursement for the construction of two bridges on the San Carlos Indian Reservation, In Arizona, be, and the same is hereby, repealed. This is a new item. We asked for that legislation in the last Indian appropriation bill. It is for the purpose of removing the reimbursable charge on the San Carlos Indians for a bridge that was constructed across the Gila Kiver. This bridge is very largely for the benefit of the public and we believe that the San Carlos Indians should not be required to pay for it. I offer for the record the following justification : HEPEAL IN PAST (REIMBUKSAELE CLAUSE) OF SECTION 2, ACT OF JUNE 30, 1913, SAN CAELOS BEIDGES. ■ The bridges in question were erected under the provisions of the act of June 30 1913 (38 Stat , 77-85) , which provided $45,500 for the Gila River Bridge, and $19 800 for the bridge across the San Carlos River, on the San Carlos Reserva- tion, reimbursable by the Apache Indians having tribal rights on the Fopt Apache and San Carlos Reservations. , . ^ ,^ ^.„ .^ ^ „ When this legislation was first Introduced m Congress the bills provided for gratuity appropriations. The reimbursable features was added to the Item on the floor of the House. The Indians on the reservations were bitterly opposed to having the cost of the bridges charged against their tribal funds for the reason that they would receive no benefits therefrom. The reimbursable fea- ture was removed against the Fort Apache Indians by the act of August 1, 1914 (38 Stat 582-588) and there was Included In the estimates for the In- dian aDPropriation bill for the fiscal year 1917, an Item Intended to repeal the charge against the San Carlos Indians. This item, however, was not covered m the bill as finally passed. , , ^ ^ 4. ^ After the bridges were completed there was yet to be constructed a con- necting road over 10 miles in length. In a letter dated April 5, 1912 ad- dressed to the chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and signed by Won Georse W P Hunt, governor of Arizona ; Mr. David Devore, chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Gila County; Mr. Phil G. Merrill, chairman of the Board of Supervisors, Graham County; and Mr. W. WBrookner acting mayor of the cltv of Globe, Ariz., it was agreed that the counties of Graham and Gila, hv reason of the benefits which would be received from the erection of the brid-es would complete and maintain the road crossing the reservation m line with the bridges. In view of the guarantee given in this letter, and the fact Mhpf the Indians were not sufficiently benefited by the bridges to justify the use of their funds In the construction of the road, the department refused to au- thorize any expenditures in connection with the project. The Legislature of 132 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL, the State of Arizona then appropriated $20,000 for the construction of a con- necting road and approaches to the bridges, the citizens of Graham adn Gila Counties furnishing a bond in the sum of $18,000 to guarantee the payment of any amount required to do the work in excess of the $20,000 appropriated by the legislature. All expenditures for this road were made under the direction of this office and the work was completed within the limit of the $20,000 ap- propriated by the State legislature. On January 24, 1916, the superintendent of the San Carlos Reservation wired this office that the Gila Eiver flood waters had cut oif the bridge on the Gila River near Natchez, necessitating three more spans to connect the bridge with the new river banks. An amendment to the Indian appropriation bill was im- mediately introduced in Congress, appropriating $17,000 for three new spans for this bridge. This item as passed also provided for reimbursement out of tribal funds. In a report on this amendment this office called attention to the manifest injustice being done the Indians in charging them with any further expense In connection with the bridges, and requested that the appropriation be gratutious as proposed by the amendment. Notwithstanding the attitude of this office in the matter, the appropriation as passed included the reimbursable teature. In the expenditure for any purpose of the various appropriations of the support of Indians this office Is governed by the question : " Will the Indians be benefited to such an extent that the expenditure of their funds will be jus- tified " and in connection with this matter it is contended that the Indians are not benefited to such an extent that their tribal funds should be used for the construction of these bridges. Mr. Meritt. The next item runs down to California. Mr. Carter. What is this on line 18; what is the necessity for that? Mr. Meritt. About three years ago, Congress authorized the con- struction of a bridge across the Gila River and made the cost of that bridge reimbursable out of the funds of the San Carlos and Apache Indians that was made reimbursable on the floor of the House. Later we asked that the reimbursable feature be repealed and Congress repealed the reimbursable feature so far as it applied to the Apache Indians, because they were 50 miles away and got no benefit from the bridge, but they did not repeal the provisions so far as they applied to the San Carlos Indians. We are asking that the San Carlos Indians be relieved from the payment of that bridge, for the reason that the bridge will benefit the white people more than it will the Indians. Mr. Carter. Did the Bureau recommend that to begin with? * Mr. Meritt. No, sir; it was put in the bill, I think, after our estimates were submitted. The Chairman. Wasn't that reservation on both sides of the river,, and in order to connect the two divisions of the San Carlos Reser- vation it was necessary to have this bridge? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; I think the bridge is on the reservation,, but it connects with a through highway. The Chairman. And in making a highway through that part of the country it would be necessary, in order to have that highway connect, to cross the reservation and the river? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. There was nothing said — could not be said — about the number of white people who would use this bridge, but we took it for granted it would be used only by Indians. Mr. Meritt. No, sir; it was not taken for granted that it would be used only by Indians, but the Indians had to pay for the con- struction of the bridge. HTDIAJf APPBOPBIATION BILL. 133 Mr. Carter. Don't the Indians use it? Mr. Meritt. Some of the Indians use it and get some benefit from the bridge, but they should not be charged for the construction of the entire bridge out of their tribal funds. The Chairman. As I remember it, the railroad is on one side of the river, and some of the Indians are on one side of the river and some on the other side, and they find it very necessary on account of the frequent rises in the river that they should have a bridge, in order to get to their places of work, etc. Mr. Meritt. This bridge connects up a public highway that runs through this southwestern country and goes clear to California. That is my understanding. The Chairman. The next item reads : That so much of article 2 of the agreement with the Indians of the San ■Carlos Indian Reservation, concluded on February 25, 1896, accepted, ratiiied, and confirmed in the act approved June 10, 1896, reading "and that said money shall be paid to them in cash from time to time as the same shall become avail- able, pro rata, share and share alike, to each man, vromen, and child of the tribes now living upon and entitled to the privileges of the said reservation," he, and the same is hereby, amended to read, "and that said money, as the same becomes available, may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior, he paid to or expended for the benefit of the Indians entitled thereto in such manner and for such purposes as he may prescribe:" Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification: JiMENDING ARTICLE 2 OP AGKEEMBNT WITH SAN CARLOS INDIANS RELATIVE TO DISPOSAL OP PROCEEDS PROM SALE OF COAL AND MINERAL LANDS. The object of the proposed legislation is to make the money deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the Indians of the San Carlos Reservation in pay- ment for their lands available for the purchase of live stock, agricultural equipment, seeds, and other supplies beneficial to the Indians. Up to the present time the sum of $12,433.63 has been deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the Indians. Under the provisions of existing law it is necessary to pay the money to the Indians in cash from time to time as it hecomes available, pro rata, share and share alike, to each Apache, Mojave, and Yuma man, woman, and child living upon and entitled to the privileges of the San Carlos Reservation. It is estimated that there are approximately 2,700 Indians entitled, and with the amount available divided pro rata among that number each would receive about $4.50, an amount clearly inadequate to enable the Indians to accomplish permanent improvements or obtain equip- ment for their industrial advancement. Experience in the past has shown that per capita payments of small amounts have a pauperizing influence upon Indians, as it encourages them to diminish or to cease entirely any industrial activity in which they might be engaged and causes the incurrence of debts and living in expectation of the payments. It is believed that the best results will be obtained by using the money in question for the purchase of agricultural equipment, wagons, harness, and cattle for the Indians, so as to enable them to utilize their lands to the fullest possible extent. The reservation is unallotted, and consists of about 1,834,240 acres of land. While the largest portion of this land is fit only for grazing purposes, there are approximately 2,000 or more acres adapted for gardening find farming. Under date of .July 26, 1916, the business committee of the Indians of the San Carlos Reservation submitted a petition to the Indian Office express- ing a desire that the money in question be made available for expenditure in connection with the industrial advancement of the Indians primarily in the purchase of cattle to be held as a tribal herd for the common benefit of all the Indians entitled. The business committee consists of nine members, three being elected in each of the three districts into which the reservation has been divided. This committee is authorized to act for all the Indians on the San Carlos Reservation in all matters pertaining to Indian and reservation business. Seven members of the committee, representing a majority thereof, signed the petition. 134 INDIAK APPBOPBIA'nOK BILL. The next item is in California : Sec. 3. For support and civilization Of Indians in California, including pay of employees, $50,000. We are asking for an increases of $8,000 for that item. The Chairman. What is; that? Is that just the wages of the em- ployees there? Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification fOr this item: Support of Indians in California. Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1917 : amount appropriated $42, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 42, 000. 00 Amount expended 1 41, 155. 67 Unexpended balance 844. JiS Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 20, 199. 42 Traveling expenses 2, 282. 38 Transportation of supplies-' 419. 86 Heat, light, and power (service) 380.44 Telegraph and telephone service 210. 66 Printing, binding, and . advertising 12.75 Subsistence supplies 4, 448. OS Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 304. 71 Forage ' 2, 954. 83 Fuel, illunilnants, lubricants, etc 2, 593. 03 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 174. 25 Medical supplies 2, 319. 55 Live stock ^ 525. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc : 1, 314. 60 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 2, 363. 63 Miscellaneous 702. 48 41, 155. 67 This item is for the purpose of looking after the welfare of the Indians of the State of California and rendering them assistance along the lines of purchasing subsistence, implements, seed, and the like. There are approximately 20,000 Indians distributed among 11 agencies. In the southern part of the State are located the Mission Indians, and, while they are under the jurisdiction of but six superintendents, they are located on over 30 reservations which require su- pervision and attention. These small reservations are distant from one another and require much traveling on the part of the superintendents and others to reach them. Blany are not located on tlie railroads, and it often becomes necessary to travel entirely by vehicle, which consumes two or three days' time. Further- more, because of the large number of small reservations and the limited amount of funds available for their support and civilization, some of the Indians and reservations are without supervision. At the last hearing of the committee much emphasis was placed on the fact that it took over one-half of the appropriation to administer the affaifs of the Indians, while only $4,000 was expended for subsistence. There are in Cali- fornia 512,298 acres of Indian land ; 82,162 acres are allotted and 430,136 acres unallotted. The Indians raised crops during 1915 valued at $171,510. The live stock was valued at $35,821. Weaving, basketry, etc., was valued at .$50,549, and the wages earned by those not employed regularly In the Government service at $208,728. The Indians of California received rations ahd other miscellaneous issues to the value of $7,726 and obtained from the leases on their lands $17,703. Of the allotted lands but 35,842 acres are cultivated, and of that amount but 7,290 acres by tjie Indians. There are 188 leases of allotted lands. Of the unallotted lands there are 28,899 acres being used for agricultural purposes, and of that INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 1^5 amount but 8,058 acres by the Indians. None was leased. Fourteen thousand nine hundred and ninety-one acres Of the allotted lands and 10,000 of the unal- lotted lands were leased for grazing purposes. The matter of grazing, stock-raising, cultivation of land, leasing, etc., all call for supervision and actioil on the part of the Government. Efforts are being made to see that the Indians adopt the methods of cultivation \Ahich will bring about the best results and that leases are made which will award them the greatest amount in return. It is also necessary to protect the Indians against trespass, stock depl-edations, etc. There are 3,896 adtilt Indians within the State who are self-supporting ; 330 Indians received rations to the value of $4,054, and 256 received miscellaneous supplies to the value of .$3,672. While these figures might indicate that these Indians are wealthy and do not need the support and aid of the Government, yet it should be realized that this wealth is somewhat restricted and that a majority of the Indians are poor and needy. The analysis of expenditures herewith indicates how the appropriation was expended during the fiscal year 1916. The employees are necessary for the purpose of supervising the affairs of the Indians and protecting their interests. As said heretofore, the reservations are at great distances apart and therefore much time and money must be expended in traveling. Automobiles are greatly needed for the work in question, but because they have been required for administrative purposes and other important activities it has not been pos- sible to supply the Superintendents with he necessary equipment. Automobiles for the superintendents in southern California would prove of great benefit, directly and indirectly, to the Indians. Likewise with a larger appropriation it will enable the office to furiiish more equipment to the Indians and in that way be of greater assistance to them. That will include part of the wages of employees, as well as the support fuiid for the Indians in California. We paid out of that appropriation $20,199.42 for salaries and wages of employees. We want to increase, not for the purpose of paying additional salaries to employees, but to provide additional help for the Indians. As Judge Eaker said this morning, those California Indians are in need of additional assistance. The next item is: For the purchase of lands for the homeless Indians in California, including improvements thereon, for the use and occupancy of said Indians, $25,000, said funds to be expended under such regulations and conditions as the Sec- retary of the Interior may prescribe. We offer for the record the following justification: Purchase of lands for landless Indians in California. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917: amount appropriated $10,000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Unexpended balance from previous years lA 1»/!. 1^ Amount appropriated 10, 000. 00 22, 182. 12 Amount expended 15, 300. 52 Unexpended balance 6, 881. 60 Analysis of expenditures: Land ' Abstracts of title 52. 75 Camera and films ■ ^o- °^ Notary fees ^-^^ 15, 300. 52 136 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Classification. Purchased prior to 1913 under appropriations of 1906 and 1908 Purchased subsequently thereto under acts of 1914, 1916, and joint resolution 1915 Now hypothecated (Oct. 7, 1916), for further land pur- chases Rate of expenditure per acre and per Indian on pur- chases made since 1913 Estimated number of Indians remaining to be provided for, for whom no funds have been hypothecated Balance of cash on hand (unhypothecated) Acres. 6, 420. DO 1,317.04 685. 00 Per acre. Sll. 74 Number of bands. Per hand. $971. 70 Number of Indians. 3,291 863 617 Per capita. $15. 10 2,782 Price. $144,470.45 13, 812. 69 8,536.41 Estimated amount neces.sary, based on above per capita rate ( 2,782 X $15.10) $42,008.20 Less available balance 9, 683. 02 32, 325. 18 It is believed, bowever, that with great care it will be possible to complete this work with the amount asked for, namely, $25,000. It should be remem- bered also that the salary and expenses of the special agent who is engaged in this work must come out of the fund. This salary and expenses for the past year amounted to about .$4,000 (salary, $2,000). It is obviously unfair to make provision in the way of lands for about 4,771 of the " homeless " California Indians, as has been done, and yet fail to provide for the 2,782 Indians who remain landless. Reports from the field indicate that the Indian beneficiaries are in every instance showing great appreciation for the purchases made for their use, and that they are earnestly trying to reach the white man's standards. We have bought lands for several thousand of the homeless Indians of California, and there are estimated to be between 3,000 and 4,000 Indians now without lands, and we hope within two or three years more to have lands for all homeless Indians in California. We can use this $25,000 to very great advantage of those Indians. Mr. Carter. How much land did they buy at this place ? Mr. Meritt. That is shown in the justification. The Chairman. You give the number of acres and the purchase price ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. ■ The Chairman. The next item is: For support and educatoin of 700 Indian pupils at the Sherman Institute, Pilverside, Cal., including pay of superintendent, $119,500; for general repairs and improvements, $15,000 ; for the purchase of additional land, $15,000 ; in all, $149,500. Mr. Meeitt. We are asking an increase of $5,000 for general re- pairs and improvements, and we are also asking for the purchase of additional land, $15,000. The Sherman Institute is one of our largest nonreservation schools. I offer for the record the following justification, which explains the need of these additional items : Indian school, Riverside, Cal. Fiscal year ending .June 30, 1917 : amount appropriated ,_ $119, .500. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 108, 125. 00 Amount expended 105, 823. 18 Unexpended balance 2, 301. 82 INDIAN APPKOPRIATION BILL. 137 Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages-^ , ._ $42,328.60 Heat, light, and power (service) , 2,851.49 Telegraph and telephone service 226. 27 Subsistence supplies 25, 499. 76 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc ! 12, 976. 24 Forage 1, 410. 34 Fuel, illuiuinantis, lubricants, etc ^' 4,159.10 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 991. 61 •Medical supplies__ 751. 50 Live stock l •■ 680. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 995. 64 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc— ^ 9, 522. 03 , Seed, plants, etc 668. 23 Irrigation water 624. 30 Rent of land : 134. 77 Miscellaneous 1, 003. 30 105,823.18 Indian school. Riverside, Cal., repairs and improvements. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $10, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 10, 000. 00 Amount expended 9, 285. 67 714. 33 Analvsis of expenditures : Construction 3, 201. 67 Repairs (to plant) 6,084.00 9, 285. 87 Statistical statement lor year ending June 30, 1916. Value of -school plant— Real property $322,354 jSiumber of buildings 49 Number of employees 61 Total salaries $44, 640 Average attendance of pupils 656 Avera,ge enrollment 688 Capacity 650 Cost per capita based on average enrollment $150 Cost per capita based on average attendance $157 Area of school land (acres) 150 Area of school land (acres cultivated) 100 Value of products of school , ^2 $8, 723 Value of agricultural products " $14, 735 Expended of Miscellaneous Receipts, Class IV $401 Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1918: Support $142, 600 Repairs and improvements , 20, 000 New buildings : 10, 000, Purchase of land 15, 000 Total 187, 600 1 Thp Tipr panlta cost is now computed upon tlie average enrollment for the entire year In compflance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72) and the act approved Sept. 7, 1916, Public No. 264, 64th Cong. ^ , ., ., 2 This includes both materials and labor of employees and pupils. s This includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock. ' \ 138 INDIAN AfPftOPlliATlON BILL. Requested in proposed bill : Support and education of 700 Indian pupils and supei-inteildent's salary__ - - $ll9, 500 Repairs and improvements 15, 000 Purchase of additional land 15, 000 Total 149,500 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent , $2, 600 aerk 1, 200 Do 1,200 Assistant clerk 800 Do 800 Physician 720 Disciplinarian 900 Assistant disciplinarian 600 Principal teacher 1, 400 Teacher 720 Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Teacher (music) Domestic-science teacher Industrial teacher Superintendent of industries Outing matron Matron Assistant matron Do Do Do Dining-room matron Nurse . 900 720 690 660 660 660 600 600 600 720 700 720 1,000 800 900 660 600 600 520 600 780 Seamstress Assistant seamstress Laundress Baker Cook Cook (school farm) Cook Farmer Carpenter .• Do Tailor i. Shoe and harness maker Blacksmith Gardener Engineer Assistant engineer Printer Band and musical instructor_ Assistant Do Do Do Do Laborer Do - Do Do Do Outing agent 600 660 500 800 660 500 950 80O 720 800 660 800 1,000 1,000 600 660 800 460 300 300 300 300 600 660 600 600 600 800 Total 43, 820 The amount estimated for support of this school is based on a per capita cost for 700 pupils of $167, exclusive of the superintendent's salary. This is the rate allowed last year and for many previous years. The amount requested for repairs and improvements, $15,000, vs'ill be needed for the proper upkeep of the school plant, comprising 50 buildings, the lighting and heating, sewer and water systems, pumping plant, and ice plant. Other needed improvements are contemplated from this amount. The toilets are now located in the ba.sements, and their removal, along with necessary repairs, will have to be considered. The school is also in need of cottages for employees. It is necessary at present to use three tents on account of insufficient quarters. The above amount will be used as far as it will cover the most urgent needs of the school. Additional farm land is also required at this school, at a cost of $15,000. Forty acres are now occupied by buildings and lawn. There is a school farm of 100 acres 5 miles distant from the school plant. At present the school is renting land for a vegetable garden as well as for general farming purposes, as the land belonging to the school is not sufficient for its needs. It is necessary to hare additional land for that school, because we are trying to teach the pupils industrial pursuits and also trying to raise sufficient produce to supply the table for the Indian pupils. The Chairman. This is very valuable land, is it not? Mr. Meeitt. It is very valuable, and we will have to pay a good price for land in southern California, but it is believed we can make a fairly reasonable return on the investment. INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. 139 The Chaihman. Is that to be agricultural land and to be used for agriGultural purposes, Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. The next item is : For beginning tlie construction of a system for tlie irrigation of approximately 1,768 acres of IficJiari laiid on the Hoo'fja Valley Inciia;n Reservation in accord- ance with the plans submitted by the chief engineer in the Indian Service and approved by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and thp Secretary of the Inte- rior, $34,200, the total cost of this project reimbursable to the United States under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe : Provided, That the total cost of said project shall not exceed $62,000. That is new legislation. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for the record the following justification for this item : Irrigation system, Hoopa Valley Reservation (reirnOuraaMe) . No previous appropriations. Irrigation system, Hoopa Valley Reservation, Cal. (reimbursable) $34,200 Indian tribes, Hoopa and Klamath. Number of Indians, 1,245. Area of reservation, acres, 99,051. Area irrigable from constructed vsforks, none. Area of project (acres), 1,728. Estimated additional cost to complete, $28,O0O. Estimated total cost of irrigation (per acre), $35. Average value of lands after irrigation, $200. Average annual precipitation in winter, inches, 40. Source of water supply. Trinity River. Market for produce, local (good). Distance from railroad, 20 miles. The lands of the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation, which it is proposed to irrigate, lie in small tracts along the course of the Trinity River and are fertile and productive, provided sufficient water supply is made available. In the past the Indians have attempted to gain a livelihood by dry farming, but the long, dry summers make this a precarious method of farming, and it is only by furnishing a water supply that the Indians Can really become self- supporting. The Indians are very industrious and have expressed the senti- ment that they would be able to reimburse the Government in a few years from the return of their crops for the outlay for this work. However, these Indians have large resources in timber, so that the security for the Government which is provided In the legislation as suggested is ample. It is proposed to irrigate 1,768 acres, at a total estimated cost of $62,000. The amount requested for the fiscal year 1918 will be sufficient to complete the irrigation work on two or three of the tracts previously mentioned and initiation work on the balance. There are more than 1,800 Indians attached to this reservation, and the amount of land which it is proposed to irrigate is very meager for such a large number of individuals, although it is planned to distribute this in various families to the best advantage. The total cost of this project will not exceed $62,000. The Hoopa Valley Indians very much desire that we furnish them with the irri- gable lands, and the need for that is fully set out in the justification. The Chairman. The next item is : For reclamation and maintenance charge on Yuma allotments, $40,000, to remain available until expended and to be reimbursed from the sale of surplus lands or from other funds that may be available, in accordance with the pro- visions of the act of March 3, 1911. You have raised that from $10,000 to $40,000. Mr. Meritt. The Eeclamation Service is anxious that we advance them this money for the payment of construction charges on lands already irrigated, and we are anxious to have this increase of appro- 140 INDIAK APPKOPRIATION BILL. priation at the request of the Keclamation Service, which has done this construction work. It is to meet charges that are due on this irrigated land. I offer the following justification for this item : Irrigating allotments, Yuma Reservation, Cal. (reimhursible) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $10, 000 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 40, 000 Amount expended 40, 000 Unexpended balance . Analysis of expenditures : United States Reclamation Service, for building and maintenance charges 40, 000 Yuma Reservation, irrigation 40, 000 Indian tribe, Yuma. Number of Indians, 761. Area of reservation, 54,000 acres. Area irrigable from constructed work, 4,075 acres. Area actually irrigated, 3,000 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 1,.500 acres. Area farmed by lessees, 1,500 acres. Area of whole project, 7,500 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $189,976.84. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $26,961.08. Estimated additional cost to complete, $240,000. Estimated total irrigation cost, $60 per acre. Average value of irrigated lands, $150 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 6 inches. Source of water supply, Colorado River. Market for produce, general (good). Distance from railroad, through project. Yuma Reservation $40, 000 This appropriation is for payment of building and maintenance charges for the area which may be supplied with water under completed lateral .system, constructed by the Reclamation Service for the irrigation of Indian lands. The amount here requested will be sufficient to cover that required for the fiscal year 1918. The Indians of this reservation are making a remarkable advance in farming under present conditions and will apparently make excellent use of all their irrigation project. The next item is the Fort Bidwell School : For support and education of 100 Indian pupils at the Fort Bidwell Indian School, Cal., including pay of superintendent, $18,200; for general repairs and improvements, $3,500; for new school building, $12,000; for dairy barn, $5,000 ; in all, $38,700. We are asking for a new school building, $12,000, dairy farm, $5,000, making the total $38,700. Last year we had an appropriation or $21,800. I offer for the record the following justification for that estimate: Indian school, Fort Bidioell, Cal. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $18, 200. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated • 99 500 qq Amount expended Jg' 3]^g' 74 Unexpended balance -^ jg^ 26 INDIAN appbopbiahon bill. 141 Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages $10, 878. 78 Transportation of supplies 295. 03 Telegraph and telephone service 7. 88 Subsistence supplies 1, 962. 46 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc '. 2, 034. 28 Forage 173.00 Fuel, lUuminants, lubricants, etc 1, 458. 86 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 283. 14 Medical supplies 155. 95 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc : 339. 06 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc .. 1, 649. 76 Miscellaneous 77. 54 19,315.74 EEPAIES AND IMPEOVEMKNTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $3, 600. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 3, 600. 00 Amount expended 3, 827. 40 Overdrawn * 227. 40 Analysis of expenditures : Construction : 495. 00 Repairs (to plant) 3,332.40 3, 827. 40 STATISTICAL STATEMENT FOE TEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1916. Value of school plant — real property $76, 897 Number of buildings ; 20 Number of employees 15 Total salaries $10, 300 Average attendance of pupils 66 Average enrollment 69 Capacity 98 Cost per capita, based on average enrollment ^ $258 Cost per capita, based on average attendance $270 Area of school land (acres) 3,087 Area of school land (acres cultivated)- ^'^^^ Value of products of school ^ $668 Value of agricultural products : "$3,474 Expended also of " Miscellaneous receipts. Class IV " ^ 164 Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1918. Support $19,475 Repairs and improvements ,„' ™ New buildings, school building, and dairy barn 10, 500 Total -'- ^ 34, 475 Requested in proposed bill. Support and education of 100 Indian pupils and superintendent's salary ^l^' ^^^ Repairs and improvements -—.-r,- -,^'n?^ New buildings, dairy barn, and school building 11, OOP To tal — -— — 38, 700 irrho nor cnnita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year^ta c^ompScI w»h the act of Apr. 30 1908 (35 Stat. B., 70, 72), and the act ap- nroved Sept. 7, 1916 (Public, No. 264, 64th Cong.). ^Besides this, 2,200 acres are used for pasture. 3 This includes both materials and labor of emptoyees and pupils. 1 ThS includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock. 142 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Salaries, 1917. $300 500 720 720 600 600 10, 020 Supei-intencient $1, 400 Laundress . Physician 1, 000 Cook . Teacher 660 Carpenter. Do 600 Etagineer_ Industrial teacher 600 Laborer. Matron 600 Do . Assistant matron 500 Seamstress 500 Nurse 720 The item of $18,200 for support of Fort Bidwell School, Cal., includes the salaries of employees, subsistence and clothing and the cost of supplies for academic and industrial training of 100 pupils at the rate of $167 per capita. The new construction work required at this school will include a new school building. Ihis is an urgent need, the one now in use being an old building used as n hospital when the United States troops were stationed there. A build- ing large enough to provide two or three classrooms and an assembly hall is required. A new dairy barn is also a necessity at this school. The present barn is dilapidated and insanitary and has been the .subject of condemnatory reports by inspectors and Supervisors. The item of $3,500 is to cover needed general repairs, such as new flooring and painting to all the old buildings at this school. The Chairman. The next is the Greenville School : For support and education of 100 Indian pupils at the Greenville Indian School, Cal., including pav of superintendent, $18,200 ; for general repairs and improvements, $3,500; for new school building, $9,000; in all, $30,700. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification m support of our estimates : Indian School, Oreenville, Cal. Fiscal year ending .lune 30, 1917, amount appropriated $18, 400. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 18, 400. 00 Amount expended 18, 285. Aj6 Unexpended balance 114. 34 .Analysis of ex]5enditures : Salaries and wages 10, 235. 01 12. SO 297. 05 363. 70 54.39 21. 50 3, 476. 67 1,212.15 289.20 833. 33 ■ 338. 9Y 112. 72 273. 73 76L94 2. 50 Traveling expenses- Transportation of .svipplies Heat, light, and power (service) Telegraph and telephone service Printing, binding, and advertising Subsistence supplies Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc Forage Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc Educational, stationery, and ofBce supplies. Medical supplies Implements, vehicles, tools, etc ; Sundry supplies, equipment, etc Miscellaneous 18, 285. 66 KEPAIES AND IMPEOVEMBNTS. Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1917, amount appropriated $8, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June SO, 1916 : Amount appropriated 6, 600. 00 Amount expended 6, 360. 27 Unexpended balance. 239. 73 Repairs (to plant) 6,360.27 INPU-N APPEOPBIATION BILL. 143 STATISTICAL STATEMENT FpR YEAB ENDING JUNE 30, 1016. Value of school plant, real property $49, 068 Number of buildings 24 Number of employees 14 Total salaries $9, 720. Average attendance of pupils 71 Average enrollment ■_ 75 Capacity 90 Cost per capita based on average enrollment ' $187 Cost per capita based on average attendance $236 Area of school land (acres) 200 Area of school land (acres cultivated) 1 Value of products of school "$479 Value of agricultural products " $92 Expended of miscellaneous receipts, Class IV $46 superintendent's estimate of absolute needs foe 1918. Support : ^ $18, 400 Repairs and improvements 1, 350 New buildings, chapel, schoolrooms, and gymnasium 8, 000 Purchase laundry equipment 875 Total 28,625 EEQLIESTED IN PROPOSED BILL. Support and education of 100 pupils and superintendent's salary $18, 200 Repairs and improvements 3, .500 New buildings, new school building : 9, 000 Total 30,700 SALARIES, 1917. Superintendent $1, 500 Clerk 1, 000 Physician 720 Disciplinarian 600 Principal teacher 720 Kindergartner 600 Matron 600 Assistant matron 520 Nurse $720 Seamstress 520 Laundress 500 Cook 500 Engineer 720 Laborer 720 Total 9, 940 The sum of $.18,200 for support of the Greenville School, California, will pro- vide for 100 pupils at $167 per capita, in addition to the superintendent's salary. The cost of maintenance of the Greenville School, owing to local conditions, is somewhat in excess of other Indian schools. The item of $3,500 for repairs and improvements will be required for the upkeep of the school plant. The main building needs new flooring and repaint- ing inside and outside. It should be thoroughly screened and two screen porches should be added to it. The other buildings lieed new roofs, painting, and extensive repairs to withstand the heavy fall of snow usual in this locality. Laundry equipment to the value of $875 is desired, the present equip- ment being antiquated and inadequate. The occasion for a new school building at a cost of $9,000 is to provide much- needed classroom space and to release for other purposes the space now used for classes The new building will include an assembly hall in addition to classroom and provide needed accommodation for physical culture, recreation. and social gatherings. We are asking for a new school building, $9,000, for this school. The im- provements asked for are very much needed at both of those schools. 1 Thp npr cauita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year in compltence with the act of Apr. 30 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, T2), and the act approved Sept 7, 1916, Public, No. 264, ^ixty-fourth Congress. 3 This Includes both materials and labor of employees and, pupils. s This includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock. 144 INDIAN APPROPEIATTON -BILL. The Chairman. Your total raise, then, would be from $26,400 to $30,700? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The next item reads: For beginning the enlargement and improvement of the irrigation project upon the Torres Indian Reservation, Cal., for the irrigation of approximately 3,000 acres of Indian land, in accordance -with the plans and estimates submitted by the chief, engineer in the Indian Service and approved by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior, $25,000, to remain avail- able until expended and to be reimbursed to the United States in accordance vifih such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe : Provided, That the total cost of said Irrigation project shall not exceed $150,000. The Chairman. That is a new project, new legislation. What is the reason for that? Mr. Meritt. This money is needed to irrigate lands for those Indians on that reservation, and we offer for the record the following justification : Irrigation system, Torres Reservation, Gal. (reimbursable) . No previous appropriation. Indian tribe, Cahuilla. Number of Indians, 210. Area of reservation, 20,800 acres. Area Irrigable from constructed works, 200. Area actually irrigated, 200. Area farmed by Indians, 200. Area of whole project, 4,200. Cost of irrigation construction, $14,513.83. Cost of maintenance, operation, and miscellaneous, $1,286.55. Estimated additional cost to complete, $125,000. Estimated total cost of Irrigation, $40 per acre. Average value of irrigated lands, $125 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 5 Inches. Source of water supply, wells. Market for produce, local and general (excel- lent). Distance from railroad, 5 to 8 miles. Torres Reservation $25,000 The irrigation work here proposed is to supply eventually about 4,200 acres of very fertile desert land in the so-called Coaehilla Valley in southern California. The Indian reservation at this point consists of alternate sections of land caused by the fact that the reservation was set aside after the Vailroad land grant had been made. This has permitted white settlers to occupy the railway land and has caused extensive water development upon the white lands, reduc- ing the flow of the small artesian wells drilled some years ago for the Indians to such a point that they are no longer of use for irrigation. It is proposed to drill large wells and install pumping plants of the same type which are very successfully used by the whites on the adjoining' land and distribute the water through impervious pipe lines in order to preserve to the greatest extent pos- sible the valuable water supply. The fact that the ground-water plane of the deep wells proposed will either be just about the surface of the ground, or even above it, makes the expense of pumping comparatively light, and the develop- ment which has already been made by the white people previous proves the value of the proposed work, which will permit the industrious Indians of this reservation to become entirely self-supporting. It is proposed to give to each Individual not to exceed 10 acres, and with the luxuriant growth which is ob- tained in this locality and the ready market for all crops makes the project one of unusual merit. The matter is one which has been under consideration for some time, and it Is felt that there should be no longer delay in supplying the funds for this work. The total cost for the whole system is estimated to be $150,000, but the $25,000 here requested will enalile one or more units to be constructed, as the project is intended to be divided up corresponding to the rather isolated location of 'the Indian sections. INDIAN APPROPBIATION BILL. 145 Those are very worthy Indians, and they have shown a disposition to make use of every drop of water that they can get, and water is very scarce in that country. The Chairman. I do not remember these Torres Indians. It strikes me that that is a new name you have for this tribe of Indians. Have we ever made an appropriation for them before ? Mr. Meritt. No specific appropriation. It is absolutely necessary to do this work if the Indians are going to get the benefit of their lands. The Chairman. Has their project eve rbeen authorized by law? If so, when? Mr. Meritt. This would be the authorization for the project if w© get the legislation requested. * The Chairman. Then, is it usual to make an appropriation at the time you get the legislation ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Have you made estimates of what the cost will be? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; the total cost of the project will be $1.50,000. The Chairman. I wanted to show for the record that we had com- plied with the law. Now, what is the next item? Mr. Meritt. The next item is : For the improvement and (Construction of roads and bridges on the Ynma Indian Reservation in California, $10,000, to be immediately available, reim- bursable to the United States by the Indians having tribal rights on said reservation. I offer for the record the following justification for this item: Roads and iridges, Yuma Reservation, Cal. (reimhursaMe) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $10,000 No appropriation for 1916. This is an appropriation for continuing the work of constructing roads and bridges on the Yuma Reservation, as the Indian appropriation act for the fiscal year 1917 ■ (39 Stat. L., 123-132) contains an item appropriating $10,000 to commence this work. This was the first specific appropriation made for road work on this reservation. At the time it was estimated that $25,000 would be required for the improvement of two trunk-line roads across the reserva- tion, to say nothing of the network of other roads needed. Practically no part of the original appropriation has been expended except for preliminary work of the engineer in making surveys and estimates of costs of all roads, the con- struction of which is justified by the area of settled lands, upon which work he is now engaged. In a report dated June 8, 1916, the superintendent an- nounced his intention of delaying the actual construction work until cool weather, in order to get better work out of the laborers and thus conserve the funds. It is expected that all this appropriation will be expended before the close of the fiscal year 1917 and the continuing appropriation asked for will be necessary to carry the work along until the fiscal year 1918. The same need exists at this time for the construction of roads and bridges on this reservation as was apparent at the time of making the 1917 appropria- tion. The allotments on the Fort Yuma Reservation are being placed under cultivation and fenced, and the routes of travel which heretofore have followed the lines of least resistance are now being confined to section lines, making it necessary to pass over untraveled portions of the reservation, where trees and undergrowth are quite heavy. Sloughs which are impassable must be crossed and some means provided for passage across private irrigation ditches, which. Instead of being covered with suitable culverts, are covered with poles and dirt and often break through with heavy loads. In 19l4 two of the roads crossing the reservation followed the higher grounds, winding through trees and brush, leading across that part of the reservation 71486—16 10 146 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. comprising the 8,000 acres of irrigated land allotted to the Indians. Another road, much traveled, also crossed the reservation on the higher grounds, wind- ing about as was required by the natural condition of the land. This latter road was the transcontinental route leading to points on the California coast. These three roads were the best that could be laid out, and even they were at many times impassable on account of the overflow caused by the rise of the Colorado River, from which is taken water for the irrigation of the reservation lands. Under former conditions the roads were bad. Now that travel must pass over the section lines, the roads, on account of timber and undergrowth and grades, are almost impassable. Conditions are aggravated by reason of the fact that the lands are a part of the time below the level of the Colorado Kiver, which flows 'on two sides of the cultivated lands and is confined to its course only by levees, which are in many places 18 feet high. The levees are con- structed of light soil and seepage water comes to the surface and fills the slbughs for several months in the year. No animals can pass along these roads on the section lines without being mired and in many instances lost. The old roads and trails were on the higher ground, and in addition more or less grading had been done. To make ijroper improvements on the section lines it will be necessary to grub the trees and clear away the brush ; the sloughs must be filled and in some instances ballasted with rock. Since the allotments are of but 10 acres, roads must be constructed to the subdivisions of each sec- tion, Iialf section, quarter section, and fractional parts of each quarter section to provide an outlet from each 10-acre trfict. At the present time tliere are no tribal funds. It has been suggested that all the able-bodied male persons on the reservation be required to perform labor for the opening and repair of roads. Such procedure is impossible, however, on account of the work being done for the development of allotments and by reason of the difficulties which the Indians must meet in this development. The Indians have no means of procuring a livelihood except by their earnings from day labor, as they have no individual Indian money or tribal funds. They can not leave their work to do road work without compensation,' as they must provide for tliemselves and families, and their allotment work has not progressed to the point where profits are realized. The superintendent reported that the board of control of the State of Cali- fornia promised to include in the budget for last year's appropriation an item for $200,000 for the extension of the State highway from Kl Centro, the county seat of Imperial County, to the reservation line, to connect with the network of macadamized roads reaching to every county seat of the State, upon which !|;3,.500,000 is being expended. When this highway is extended the distance from the reservation to the fertile Imperial Valley, where continuous employment for Indians is otfered, will be reduced from more than 100 miles over desert, includ- ing the widely known and famous Mammoth Wash — to 42 miles. At the present time not a dozen teams of any kind atempt to make this drive in a year. Yuma County, Ariz., has voted $.500,000 bonds, and it is understood that work upon the national highway has been commenced. Imperial County is working on the ocean-to-ocean highway on the opposite side of the reservation, and this leaves about 6 miles of new road on section lines to be constructed. With the completion of this highway by the counties, and the completion of the bridge across the Colorado River at Yuma, much through traffic will naturally come. This is the same appropriation of the same language which we used in the last Indian appropriation act. The Chairman. Now, is there any balance in this last appro- priation ? Mr. Meeitt. That appropriation is being used now. It is available in this fiscal year. You will recall that on that reservation there was a flood last year, and the roads of the entire reservation were com- pletely washed away, and there was great damage done to the reser- vation. The Chairman. Why is it necessary to make it available if you have some funds left over ? INDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. 14? _ Mr. Merxtt. In order that we can connect up the two appropria- tions and carry on the work systematically. The Chairman. Now, Mf. Ea,ker, we have gone through these items and have the record clear and we are ready to hear you. STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN E. RAKER, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. Mr. Raker. Now if the committee will hear me briefly- The Chairman (interposing). Say for 15 minutes? Mr. Raker. "Well, I would not like to state the time. I will make it just as short as I can. Mr. Campbell. You know we must get through the bill very rapidly, Mr. Raker. Mr. Raker. I will make it exceedingly short. The Fort Bidwell Indian School, in California, I will take up first. They have included in the new estimate, of course, for a new school building, which is most satisfactory. The Chairman. What page and line is that ? Mr. Raker. Page 36 of the estimate, lines 16 and 17. They have also estimated for a dairy barn, which is also most acceptable, and I want to say, from personal inspection, most necessary. There are a couple of items that I want to call the committee's attention to. . We have here an estimate for a natatorium at the Warm Springs, $1,500. There is a warm spring, practically hot, within a quarter of a mile of the building, by which the water can be piped to the building — piped to the place where it would be con- venient so the pupils of this school may have bathing facilities more advantageous than many others, because of the fact that the water is already of the proper temperature. I was there three weeks ago. They have one bathtub and one shower bath for the girls and a simi- lar equipment for the boys. Now, while we were there the officers in charge took oyer 10 or 15 boys to give them a bath in the bathhouse, necessitating the building of a fire and using the washtubs to give the boys baths. The same thing applies with the girls, which is added expense, inconvenience, and, from personal observation, those pupils ought to have a bath, tub or shower, every night. I say this for this reason : I have made it my business to visit that school. I have noticed heretofore the condition of the pupils' eyes and noses and heads. For the first time since the school has been running I saw no eyes that were sore, and their noses were clean — something unusual. It is due to the extra effort they are making, although it takes extra expense and extra work; and it is due further to the splendid work that is being done by the physician of the school, the reservation physician, and for the good of the school and the health of the service and the public generally a proper bathhouse there would be of inestimable value to all concerned. Now, in that connection, in regard "to the physician's salary — it is in the lump sum here — it ought to be raised. He not only doctored the pupils in the school but he handles and takes care of any Indians that come here. At the time I was there he had recently operated upon and am- putated an old Indian's injured foot, and he was getting so he could 148 I INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. get around on his other leg very nicely. Another one there who had been practically blind and had not been able to see for a couple of years was able to recognize me. I had not seen him for a number of years, but he could recognize people and walk around. The physi- cian's work is outside of the school, in addition to the school chil- dren, and I want the committee to bear in mind, with reference to this school, that it was the same way with reference to the superin- tendent's work. He not only has the superintendency of the school at Bidwell, but he goes down the valley to Lake City, Cedarville, and Eagleville, and then crosses the mountains at an elevation of 6,000 or 7,000 feet to the neighborhood of Alturas, 50 or 6 miles ; then an ad- ditional 22 miles from there to Likely, where he superintends and looks after the Indians. Then he goes from Alturas down to Candy, 22 miles, and it is in the neighborhood of 30 miles from there to Aiden and Lookout. Then crossing the mountains at the other end he goes over to Lakeview, in Oregon, and takes in that country. Then he has to go back over the mountains to Bidwell and go out over another range, over to Warnersville, to give these young men and women an opportunity to become better citizens. Now, I am going to say this: I heard it said that they have tra- choma and tuberculosis. It is true, but one of the most glaring con- ditions exists that can be remedied and is being remedied by this physician at that school as it has never been before. Of practically all the girls that have been sent to that school within the last two years, possibly two came there undiseased. These girls are 11 to 12 years old and up, and this physician with the hospital they have and the work they are doing is curing those girls and saving their lives and saving their health and building up the community. That is the kind of work that is being done there, and it ought to be com- mended and an appropriation made ample to fit the work that is being done. Now, there is a little complaint with some of the Indians because it takes these girls of 11 or 12 years to the institution to school instead of leaving them at the day school. They are leaving the first, second, and third grades at the day school and taking all above that to the boarding school, and it is practically saving their health and moral condition and everything else, and I can not speak too strongly to this committee to give an additional appropriation to this school for the splendid work they are doing — and the same is true of Greenville — so as to give the superintendent, as well as the physician, additional compensation for the work they are doing. Our people unanimously commend that effort, and it was astonish- ing to a number of the leading women of our town when we went to them a few weeks ago and went around to see the different ones. They had never understood why the Indian girls did not want to go to school, and the different attitudes that had been taken simply because of this one fact had not been called to their attention. When the facts are brought to their attention we will get results. Now, in this school we are much in need of an icehouse. I know from the conditions the expense of handling ice, and the saving annually to the Government there will be close to $20,000. There is plenty of ice that could be put up and the outfit would cost only about $600. They raise a good deal of grain here, and they have facilities for raismg 1,000 or 1,500 head more. That would be profitable to the INDIAK APPKOPEIATION BILL. 149 school. They have over 125 head of cattle, a number of horses, and they run a good dairy. They are changing some of the stock cattle to dairy cows so that they will make the school self-supporting. An additional expenditure here for clearing off the ground, $500, would mean money well expended. There is nothing but willows and sage brush on it. That is some of the finest land in that country. It will produce from 2^ to 3 tons of timothy, 3 to 5 tons of alfalfa, from 40 to 70 bushels of wheat, possibly 80 bushels of barley, and from 50 to 90 bushels of oats. There is a water right belonging to that school prior to all others concerned, and the water is not being used upon this land, all of it, as it ought to be, and here is this ter- ritory lying right at the edge of town, in front of the school, as you come in from the southern part of the county, that would be a credit to the school and add to its actual earning capacity by putting it in that condition, and I say to you that it would pay for itself in the way of handling the dairy that they have got there and the cattle. I have here an estimate for an automobile for the use of the super- intendent, $1,250. The amount could be arranged by the committee. You can get a machine cheaper — a Ford would be amply sufficient, or any other machine. They have to hire a machine as it is. I took the superintendent in my car when I was over there the last time. There are constant drains on him to go all over the country in the manner that I have called to your attention. He needs some means whereby he can go and get these young men and young women and bring them to the school and give them an education and protect their lives and their health, which is a menace to them and a menace to the community in which they live ; and to my mind it is money well spent by the Government. The next item— I am not insistent on that — is the need for play- grounds improvement and other expenses not mentioned above, $2,650. That will go to the playgrounds, which should be added to and made beautiful and will add much to the value of the place. Now, I have taken this matter up with the present superintendent there, Mr. Edgar M. Tardy, and gone over it with him closely — not only there but in the surrounding territory, and last year and two years ago with the prior superintendents. Now, the superintendent's salary ought to be $1,800. He ought to have a clerk at $1,000. The doctor ought to receive $1,200. There should be a farmer at $780, one teacher at $600, another teacher at $660, a nurse at $600, a matron at $600, a cook at $500, a boys' assist- ant at $500, independent teacher at $600, a seamstress at $500, clerk at $560, laundress at $350, assistant girls' matron, Indian, $240. Then there should be one night watchman at $40 per month, laborer at $50 per month, chief of police of the Piutes at $480, also chief of police for the Indians at Alturas at $480; another police should be at Likely and one at Lookout, to get at least $20 per month. I have no need saying and have observed them per- sonally, and I want to say to you, gentlemen, from observing other Indian schools and other conditions, that this is an asset to the Gov- ernment and will redound to its credit and redound to the Indians' good and welfare of the school and all concerned; and I shall be able before the committee gets through to have additional estimates on some of these matters from the Indian Department. 150 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Now, the Greenville Indian school— I will speak a few moments on that and close. In addition to the amount allowed in your estimates, page 36 of your proposed bill, lines 22 and 23, for a new school build- ing, $9,000. That is a most worthy piece of work and ought to be done. I have the plot here, and I am going to show it to you for an- other purpose. There is only one main school building for both boys and girls together, dining room and playroom in the dormi- tory, the girls at one end of the building and the boys at the other ; and those who know the young people realize that it is to th^ir ad- vantage and for the benefit of the school to have the boys m one building and the girls in another, so that they may be able to get proper conditions. There is one thing at this school that is most necessary, and that is a laundry. For installation of laundry equipment, $1,200. There isn't anything, gentlemen, that will do as much good and assist in the teaching and upbuilding of these Indians as a good, clean, whole- some laundry to keep their clothes in shape; and while they are putting up this laundry they can put up an inexpensive shower bath and have hot baths in connection with it, which will do more for these Indians than anything that can be done. The Commis- sioner of Indian Affairs wrote me last year that while he did not have it in time for the estimate, that he would certainly place it in the estimate this year and would recommend to the committee for $1,250 for a laundry. Now, I want to show the committee just one thing here, and that is for a sufficient amount of money to square up the property of that school. It will take me but a moment to show you this plat here now [producing map]. This tract marked out here — 160 acres — is now land owned by the Indian school. This is the county highway marked along here [indicating] ; the county road from Greenville runs around the valley. Right in front of the buildings there are no public roads leading from the main highway to this land, and the land here south of it is rocky, open land with some pine trees and oak trees on it, which could be beautified and put in shape at small expense and could be purchased. Eight in front of the build- ings are buildings owned by other people — a Woman's Home Mis- sion and a garage and the parsonage. Now, it would cost a little to obtain that tract of land south of the west tract here, so that the school could get to the public highway, so they could extend celar to the public highway instead of leaving it as it is, with no public road. These are just temporary roads [indicating], and this is open, unfenced land owned by private individuals that prevent conducting the school as it should be, and I am going to take it up with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. The department is in favor of it, but they have not seen their way clear — because, pos- sibly, of the data not coming in in time — to see that a sufficient amount of money which would be reasonable can be appropriated to do that. These estimates, gentlemen — I have taken less than the time allot- ted me — are not from hearsay but from personal observation and investigation, going over the institution, going over the books and records, going among the homes and camps of these Indians, seeing their condition at both Greenville and Bidwell. INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. 151 Now, one other word on destitute Indians. The bill provided here in the former act for " support and civilization of Indians in California, including pay of employees," etc. Gentlemen, it has been my purpose to assist the Indian Office in this matter all I could. I made it my business this year — I did two years ago — to go into various counties in northern California, to go into the homes of these poor Indians; and I want to say to you that there are many blind, many too old to get around, that have to be provided for and cared for by their relatives, and they have to stay there, and are not able to get out and work ; and they are cared for, many of them, by the charity of the Christian people, some by the neighborhoods in which they live, others by special individuals that know them — some by the counties — and as yet the Indians, so far as the Government is concerned, have not been provided for as others have. While we are ready and willing to give every assistance to the poor, old, and destitute Indians, the amount heretofore allowed is not enough for them, from personal inspection of their camps, the Indians them- selves, and the places that have been written to. The department has been trying to help and has not had money to do it. And I know Mr. Meritt will corroborate my statement in that. Isn't that correct, now, Mr. Meritt? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; we need quite a large amount of money to supply all the Indians with land in California. Mr. Eakee. And they need it because they are destitute, some blind, some too old to do anything, and some crippled. And I trust that the committee may see its way clear to allow that. Now, gentlemen, I want to thank you for the courtesy of hearing me at this time. I wish to submit for the record the following extract from the Statutes at Large: JOINT RESOLUTION To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to use Fort Bldwell for an Indian training school. Resolved by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Fort Bidwell, an abandoned military reservation in Modoc County, California, together with all the lands, buildings, water system, and improvements thereon, having been turned over to the Department of the Interior, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized and empowered to use the same for the purposes of an Indian training school. ' Approved January 30, 1897. (29 U. S. Stat. L., 698.) The Chairman. What is the next item, Mr. Meritt? Mr. Meritt. The next item reads : Sec. 4. For relief of distress among the Seminole Indians in Florida, and for purposes of their civilization and education, .$5,000. We offer for the record the following justification : Support of Seminoles in Florida. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $8, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 80, 1916 : Unexpended balance from previous years 2, 051. 38 Amount expended 750. 37 Unexpended balance 1, 301. 01 152 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages $376. 67 Traveling expenses 125. 63 Subsistence supplies '_ 54. 08 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc ' ^ — 24. 24 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 72. 20 Medical supplies . 55 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 4. 55 Hospital and medical expense 78. 60 Miscellaneous 13. 85 Total ^ 750.37 SUPPORT OF SEMINOLES IN FLOEIDA, 1918. This appropriation is requested in order that the office may be in a position to do whatever may become necessary for the support and relief of the Seminole Indians in Florida during the fiscal year 1918. There are 578 of these Indians who are living In a more or less precarious manner in the Everglades of Florida, which afford annually less and less returns from the pursuit of game, the only vocation which these Indians have ever followed. A special agent is being maintained among them for the purpose of encouraging them to take up farming and inducing them to lift the tribal ban on education, with a view to preparing them to meet the day when game will no longer afford them an existence and they must face advancing civilization. In our efforts as to edu- cation we have been successful to the extent that the penalty of death to any member who would assume to learn the white man's language, etc., has been removed and several children are in white schools of the vicinity. It Is ex- pected that it will be but a matter of time when all children can be gotten into suitable schools.' The situation among these Indians is one requiring a high degree of tact and patience. If they are not won to the ways of civilization within a comparatively few years, they will become dependents. It has not been necessary to expend much money upon these people as yet, but there should be ' an adequate appropriation available. The amount asked for is $3,000 less than the amount appropriated for the fiscal year 1917. The next item is in Idaho : Sec. 5. For support and civilization of Indians on the Fort Hall Reservation in Idaho, including pay of employees, $30,000. We offer the following justification for this amount : Support of Indians of Fort Hall Reservation, Idaho. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $30, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 30, OOO. 00 Amount expended 29,' 707! 68 Unexpended balance 292. 32 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 14 379 jq Traveling expenses ' lOo! 00 Heat, light, and power (service) 22l] 67 Subsistence supplies 8 684! 89 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc ' ' 47 Forage _ .h:::::::::: 2, 269.' 75 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc ; 548 17 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 37o! 78 Medical supplies -^72 45 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc ~ 1 194' 26 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc ^ " l' 726 79 Miscellaneous , ' 39' 35 29, 707. 68 INDIAN APPEOPBIATIOKT BILL. 153 SUPPORT OF INDIANS OF FORT HALL KESEEVATION, IDAHO, 1918. This appropriation is used for the administration and support of Fort Hall Agency and the 1,794 Indians under that jurisdiction. The large amount re- quirea tor subsistence, as shown by the analysis of expenditures submitted neiewith, is due to the necessity of rationing many of the Indians while they are preparing their allotments to receive beneficial use of the water from the irrigation system before their rights to the water become jeopardized. This is the same amount and the same language as was carried in the current appropriation bill. The next item is: For improvement and maintenance? and operation of the Fort Hall irrigation system, $35,000: Provided. That expenditures hereunder for improvements shall be reimbursable to the United States in accordance with the provisions of the act of JIarch 1, 1907. We are asking the expenditures made for improvements be reim- bursable. This is an increase of $10,000 over the amount carried in the last Indian appropriation act. We have practically completed the irrigation project on this reservation, and ^ve need an appropria- tion now to construct the laterals and get the water to the allotments, and we very much desire this appropriation. The Chairman. I understand they have .the main ditch all ready for the laterals to be attached, in order to conduct the Avater from the main ditch to the land. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. I offer the following justifications for this item: Maintenance and operafian, Fort Sail irrigation system, Idaho (reimWrsahle). Fiscal year ending- June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $2.5, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 25, 000. 00 Amount expended 23, 746. 76 Unexpended balance 1, 253. 24 Analysis of -expenditures : Salaries and wages 12, 916. 59 Traveling expenses , 336.30 Transportation of supplies 177. 22 Heat, light, and power (service) 75.39 Telegraph and telephone service 32. 37 Printing, binding, and advertising 5. 36 Forage 1, 588. 32 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc : 534. 36 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 58. 91 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 8.58. 13 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 1, 155. 90 Miscellaneous ; 7. 91 23, 746. 76 Fort Hall Reservation project 35, 000. 00 Indian tribes. Bannocks and Shoshones. Number of Indians, 1,794. Area of reservation, 447,490 acres. Area irrigable at present from constructed works, 35,000 acres. Area actually irrigated, 18,450 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 7,788 acres. Area farmed by lessees, 1,644 acres. Area farmed by white owners, 9,018 acres. 154 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Area of whole project, 50,000 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $850,185.85. ■nc'T^on-Q Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $157,7SO.od. Estimated additional cost to complete project, .$100,000. Estimated total cost of irrigating lands, $18 per acre. Average value of irrigated lands, $75 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 18.5 inches. Source of water supply, Snake and Blackfoot Rivers. Market for produce, local (good). Distance from railroad, through project. The funds requested for the Fort Hall Reservation irrigation project will be emploved principally in the maintenance and operation of completed works and in the extension of a lateral system to such additional lands as may be placed under cultivation during the next irrigation season. Satisfactory prog- ress is being made in the increase of the'farraed area, and it is felt that the amount here requested is the minimum which should be made available in order to provide the Indians with a satisfactory water supply for their lands. Nearly 20,000 acres are already being cultivated. More than 170' miles of canals and laterals must be maintained and patroled, about 250 structures kept in repair in addition to the extension and other work necessitated by a large irrigation work, the total area of the project being more than 50,000 acres. Attention is invited to the change in the wording by which only expenditures for improvements are to be reimbursable, and the expenditures hereunder for maintenance on behalf of the Indians are not required to be reimbursed to the United States out of Indian funds. When this project was authorized (act of Mar. 1, 1907, 34 Stat. L., 1024), the Indian lands were to have their water right free of any and all charges or costs for construction, or maintenance or operation charges, so long as the land remained in Indian title, and the land in the ceded strip of the reservation now in white ownership was to be fur- nished water rights at $6 per acre. The act provides that in only one condi- tion must Indian lands bear maintenance charges ; namely, if the Indian land be leased for a longer period than three years. There is no proviso in the act or subsequent acts whereby the Charges for construction made against the lands in private ownership can be changed. The project will irrigate about 50,000 acres of land, 12,000 of which are owned by white people and 38,000 are allotted to Indians, at a cost of $900,000 or more, which makes the unit cost of $18 plus for each acre of irrigable land of the project, Indian and white. The Indian Service is glad to receive the water right free for the Indians, so long as the original arrangement is main- tained, but in the past few years the appropriations for maintenance on behalf of the Indians have been required to be reimbursed to the United States from Indian funds. Maintenance is assessed against the lands owned by whites and collections made accordingly. The Indians have had no funds and no reim- bursemet has been made, and it would seem that the requirement that such appropriations should be reimbursed was in derogation of the Indian rights under the original act. The change in the present item is to make the appropriation in accordance with the act authorizing the project. This change Is recommended for the favorable action of the Congress in order that the original arrangements can be continued with fairness to the Indians. The next item is a treaty item : For fulfilling treaty stipulations with the Bannocks in Idaho : For ,pay of physician, teacher, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmith (article 10, treaty of .July 3, 1868) , $5,000. I offer the following justification for this item: Support o/ Bannocks : Employees, Idaho. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $5,000 Amount appropriated 6,000 Amount expended 4,631 Unexpended balance 369 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 4,631 INDIAlSr APPR0pRJ4TI0]Sr BILL. 155 SUPPORT OF BANNOCKS, EMPLOYEES, 19 IS. This amount is required to carry out the provisions of article 10 of the treaty ot July 3, 1868 (15 Stat., 673, 686), which provides that— "The United States hereby agrees to furnish annually to the Indians the physician, teachers, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmith, as herein contemplated, and that such appropriations shall be made from time to time on the estimates of the Secretary of the Interior as will be sufficient to employ such persons." That is the same language and the same amount that is provided for in the current appropriation. The next is also a treaty item : For the Coeur d'Alenes, in Idaho: For pay of blacksmith, carpenter, and physician, and purchase of medicines (article 11, agreement ratified Mar. 3 1891), $3,000. I offer the following justification for this item : Support of Coeur d'Alenes, Idaho. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $3,000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 1 3, 000. 00 Amount expended 2, 831. 05 Unexpended balance 168. 95 Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages 2, 646. 39 Medical supplies 184. 66 2, 831. 05 SUEPOET OF COEUR d'aLENES, 1918. This appropriation is required for carrying out the provisions of article 11 of the agreement with the Indians ratified by the act of March 31, 1891 (26 Stats., 989-1029), which reads: " It is further agreed that, in addition to the amount heretofore provided for the benefit of said Coeur d'Alene Indians, the United States, at its own expense, will furnish and employ for the benefit of said Indians on said reser- vation a competent physician, medicines, a blacksmith, and carpenter." The next item is a new item and reads as follows : For reimbursing Thomas B. Le Sieur, acting chief of police, for medical and hospital expenses incurred as a result of personal injuries received in the line of duty while attempting to arrest an Indian of the Fort Hall Eeservation, $95.50. I offer the following justification for this item : Thomas B. Le Sieur, while acting as chief of police on the Fort Hair Beser- vation was shot by an Indian whom he was attempting to arrest. His wounds necessitated medical and hospital attention, which cost him $95.50. This expense was incurred strictly in the line of duty and- in an endeavor to main- tain the peace and order of the reservation, so that it is believed the Govern- ment should bear it. There is no appropriation available for the purpose. This Indian was shot and some hospital expenses were incurred. He gets a very small salary, and we thought it only proper that he should be reimbursed to this amount The Chairman. Was it a personal difficulty with some one< Mr. Meeitt. He was performing his duty as a chief of police — acting chief of police— and was shot. n . j; ^i.- , The Chairman. I believe there are several precedents tor this< 156 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. But you are aware that it is subject to a point of order of course. Mr. Meritt. I think it might be subject to a point of order. The Chairman. The next item is in Iowa. Mr. Meritt. This is a new item under Iowa, and reads as follows : Sec. 6. The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized, in his discretion, to expend for the benefit of the Indians entitled thereto the sum of $10,334.96, together with the interest which has or many hereafter accrue thereon, remain- ing in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi Tribe of Indians of the State of Iowa, from the sum of $42,- 893.25 transferred to the credit of those Indians under the provision of the act of June 10, 1896 (29 Stat., pp. 321, 331). I offer the following justification for this item : To autliorize expenditure of funds now deposited to credit of Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Iowa Indians, no appropriation. This item is not in any sense a gratuity appropriation, but is Intended merely to make available for expenditure for the benefit of the Indians entitled thereto the sum of $10,334.96 now remaining in the Treasury to the credit of the tribe, but which, under existing law, can not be paid to the Indians or used for their benefit. The monev was derived from the redemption of stocks and bonds under the provisions of the act of April 1, 1880 (21 Stat. L., 70). The sum of $42,893.25 was transferred to the credit of these Indians under the provisions of the act of .lune 10, 1896 (29 Stat. L., 321-331). Since the transfer was made, $4,289.32 have been expended for attorneys' fees as provided for by the act of .June 10, 1896, and $28,268.97 for the purchase of land, clearing of land, etc., under the terms of the act of April 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 80). It Is not believed that under existing conditions the payment of the balance to the Indians per capita is warranted. There are approximately 375 Indians en- titled, and if the amount were divided per capita each would receive approxi- mately $27, which would be wholly Inadequate to enable them to accomplish any real permanent benefit for themselves. On the other hand, funds are needed for industrial purposes. The Sac and Fox Indians have about 3,000 acres of very valuable land, and because of the deplorable condition of the line fences there has been in the past quite a little friction between the Indians and neighboring white farmers. The State of Iowa is reported to be very strict in compelling the observance of its fence laws and requires that fences be kept up to a certain standard. A portion of the money in question is needed for fence construction and repair. There are numerous roads through the Indian lands. The Iowa River has in recent years left its bank and the overflow has done considerable damage, which damage has not been repaired to any great extent, due to lack of funds. The lands of the Indians are taxable and a portion of the tribal funds prob- ably will have to be utilized for payment thereof. The horses owned by the Indians are largely of the pony type and there Is great need for the improve- ment thereof. This money is now in the Treasury, and we would like authority to use it for the benefit of those Indians. Either pay it to them or expend it for their benfit. The Chairman. Isn't it a fact that those Sac and Fox Indians have had their restrictions removed, and aren't they citizens far ad- vanced in civilization? Mr. Meritt. They are fairly well advanced, and we should have authority to distribute this money to them. The next item is under Kansas for the support and education of Indian pupils at Haskell Institute. Sec. 7. For support and education of 750 Indian pupils at the Indian school, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kans., and for pay of superintendent, $127,750 ; for general repairs and improvements, $15,000; in all, $142,750 (acts July 4, 1884, vol. 23, p. 92, sec. 1; May 18, 1916, vol. 39). INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL.. 157 We are asking for an increase of $2,500 there in the general repair and improvement fund. I offer the following justification for this item : Indian school, Lawrence, Kans. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $127, 750. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated ^ ^ 127, 750. 00 Amount expended . 126, 924. 59 Unexpended balance : 825. 41 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 50,425.97 Traveling expenses : 283! 89 Heat, light, and power (service) 2, 448! 00 Telegraph and telephone service 219. 71 Subsistence supplies : ^__ 30, 553. 27 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 13, 224. 24 Forage 3, 035. 00 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 10, 080. 95 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 1, 786. 25 Medical supplies 574. 57 Live stock 1, 25o! 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 066. 94 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 11, 504. 02 Miscellaneous , ; 471. 73 126, 924. 59 KEPAIES AND IMPEOVEMBNTS. ==^=^=^ Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated 12, 500. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 11, OOO. 00 Amount expended ^_1 10, 780. 85 Unexpended balance 219. 15 Analysis of expenditures: Repairs to plant 1 10, 780. 85 Statistical statement for year ended June 30, 1916. Value of school plant, real property $416, 073 Number of buildings 72 Number of employees . 66 Total salaries $52, 210 Average attendance of pupils 677 Average enrollment 733 Capacity 700 Cost per capita, based on average enrollment ^$178 Cost per capita, based on average attendance $184 Area of school land (acres)__ 997 Area of school land (acres cultivated)— M86 Value of products of school ° $4, 945 Value of agricultural products _ — ''14,451 Expended also of miscellaneous receipts. Class IV $1, 140 ^ The pei; capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Sept. 7, 1916 (Public No. 264, 64th Cong.), " This does not Include 160 acres of pasture land nor 266 acres of wild-hay land. 8 This includes both materials and labor of employees and pupils. * This includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock. 158 INBIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. SUPEEINTENDENT'S estimate of absolute needs fob 191S. Support $127, 750 Repairs and Improvements : 15, 000 Total 142, 750 EEQTJESTED IN PEOPOSED BITX. Support and education of 750 Indian pupils, and superintendent's salary 127, 750 Repairs and improvements 15, 000 Total 142, 750 SAIAEIES, 1917. Superintendent Clerk Property clerk Assistant clerk- Do Do Typewriter Physician Disciljlinarlan Assistant disciplinarian Physical director and outing agent Principal Senior teacher Qjeacher Do, Do , Do Do Do Do Do Do , Do Teacher and outing matron Teacher, woodworking and me- chanical drawing Manual-training teacher Phincipal, business department- Superintendent of industries Mason Printer Band leader Music teacher Matron .$2, 100 1,200 1,000 720 720 600 600 1,300 1,200 600 1,200 1,500 1,000 900 840 750 690 690 660 660 660 630 600 900 840 800 1,200 1,300 780 1,100 720 750 840 Assistant matron ; Do ; Do , Do Dining-room matron Sewing teacher Cooking teacher Domestic-science teacher . iNuAse Seamstress Assistant seamstress Laundress, Assistant laundress Bak;er Cook, Hospital cook Scientific assistant Assistant farmer Carpenter - Assistant carpenter Shoe and harness maker- Blacksmith Gardener 600 600 500 600 780 660 660 720 720 540 540 300 600 660 480 _ 1, 200 720 800 660 660 780 720 Engineer - 1, 100 Assistant Do Paintter Dairymarl Assistant _ Dq — Laborer Do Do engineer . 720 720 800 860 300 180 720 660 540 51, 810 The item of $127,750 for support of Haskell Institute is the same amount appropriated for a number of years past. This sum will be necessary in view of the increased cost of supplies of all kinds. Fifteen thousand dollars at least will be required for the upkeep of the Haskell School plant, comprising 72 buildings. This is less than 4 per cent of the value of the plant, exclusive of land. The buildings are old, and this amount would be inadequate but for the fact that the boys perform most of the labor of repairing as part of their instruction. Mr. Meritt. We have quite a large number of buildings at this institution. Some of them are getting old and are badly in need of repair. We have 72 buildings at that school, and we feel that $15,000 is needed to keep them in proper repair. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 159 Mr. Campbell. There is a reduction in the general appropriation there. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. A barn has been built out of this $8,000. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Caetee. Mr. Meritt, heretofore, in making your justifications you have always placed in the justification the cost per capita, based on average attendance. Why did you eliminate that this time ? Mr. Meritt. Because there is a provision of law recently enacted which limits the cash to $200 per capita. Mr. Carter. On average attendance? That would be all the more reason why it should go in. Mr. Meritt. Based on enrollment; and in order to meet that re- quirement we figured Mr. Carter (interposing). But that law has been in effect for some time, hasn't it? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Mr. Carter. That wouldn't be any reason for leaving out that in- formation to the committee, would it. Mr. Meeitt. Per capita cost is now computed upon average enroll- ment for the entire year, in compliance with the act of April 30, 1908, and the act approved September 7, 1916. "We are computing the cost now on the average enrollment, rather than on the actual attendance. Mr. Carter. I know, but you used to compute both ways. The Chairman. Now, then, what is the necessity for leaving that out? That is just furnishing the committee additional information. You take it out, and the committee is left without that information. Mr. Meeitt. If the committee desires that information we will be glad to furnish it to them, but we are simply complying with the last legislation enacted by Congress, under the act of September 7, 1916. Mr. Caeter. That act did not require any certain kind of report to be made at all. It requires that you keep within certain limitations. Mr. Meritt. But the wording of that act would indicate that we were to compute it on average enrollment. Mr. Carter. What did the original act do ? Did it require you not to expend more than a certain amount — $167 — on actual attendance? Is that based on actual attendance, or is it on enrollment? Mr. Meritt. I think the two acts are based on the average enroll- ment. Mr. Carter. It would not be any violation of law to put the other in? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Mr. Carter. I think we ought to have that information. Mr. Campbell. It would be useful. The Chairman. It would be more satisfactory I think. Mr. Meritt. All right, we will be glad to furnish that information. Mr! Campbell. Can you put that in the itemized statement of expenditures ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. In the printed record ? ■ -n Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; we will figure that and put it m our ]ustifi- catioiis. It will take a little time, but we will be glad to do it. 160 INDIAN APPROPEIATION BILL. Mr. Campbell. We want to pass this bill before Christmas. Mr. Meeitt. I will get the people at the office to work on that immediately, and we will have it within two or three days. Mr. Campbell. Out plan now is to get this bill on the calendar this week. Mr. Carter. I notice now, Mr. Campbell, too, that the average cost, based on average enrollment there, has been increased $19. How did that come about, Mr. Meritt? Mr. Meritt. It is simply impossible to conduct these schools now, in view of the high cost of living, on the same basis that we con- ducted them a few years ago. The cost of some of the necessities of these schools has increased anywhere from 25 to 50 per cent, and it is a real struggle to conduct these schools with the appropriations that are now made by Congress. The Chairman. The next item is : For support and education of 80 Indian pupils at the Indian school, Kickapoo Reservation, Kans., Including pay of superintendent, $14,860; for general re- pairs and improvements, $4,000 ; in all, $18,860. Mr. Meritt. We are asking for a $2,000 increase there for repairs and improvements. The superintendent wanted a specific appropri- ation for certain buildings there. The Chairman. Are they new buildings there or old buildings? Mr. Meritt. We want to repair the old buildings and put them in proper condition. I offer the following justification for this item : Indian school, Kickapoo Reservation, Kans. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $14, 860. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated ■ v — 14, 860. 00 Amount expended ■ 14, 535. 99 Unexpended balance 324. 01 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 7, 977. 51 Transportation of supplies 165. 31 Telegraph and telephone service 64. 15 Subsistence supplies 2, 495. 07 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 800. 46 Forage 270.85 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 968. 12 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 168. 78 Medical supplies 30. 58 Live stock 400. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc , 315. 03 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 846. 86 Miscellaneous : 33. 27 14, 535. 99 REPAIKS AND IMPKOVBMBNTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated— $2, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 2, 500. 00 Amount expended 2, 073. 33 Unexpended balance ... 426. 67 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 161 Analysis of expenditures : Construction .f675. 43 Repairs (to plant) ____"_" _"_ 1, 39?! 90 2,073.33 Statistical statement for year endinff June 30, 1916. Value of s<;liool plant, re^il property $51, 026. 00 Number of buildings 20 Number of employees 13 Total salaries $8, 160. 00 Average attendance of pupils 75 Average enrollment 80 Capacity 71 Cost per capita, based on average enrollment ' $163. 00 Cost per capita, based on average attendance $174,00 Area of school land (acres) 240 Area of school land (acres cultivated)" 138 Value of products of school' $202.00 Value of agricultural products' $2,426.00 Expended of miscellaneous receipts, Class IV $736. 00 superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1918. Support $16,000 Repairs and improvements 2, 000 New buildings 2, 000 Total 20, OOO BEQUBSTBD IN PEOPOSBD BILL. Support and education of 80 Indian pupils and superintendent's salary. 14, 860 Repairs and improvements 4, 000 Total 18. 860 Salaries, 1017. Laundress Cook General mechanic- Farmer Laborer $420 420' 720 600 .540 Total 8, 160 Superintendent $1, 500 Physician 300 Financial clerk 900 Principal — 840 Teacher 600 Matron 600 Assistant matron — 300 Seamstress — 420 The appropriation requested for support of tlie Kickapoo School, Kansas, is based on a per capita cost of $167. This includes the salaries of employees, subsistence and clothing of pupils, and supplies for academic and industrial training of 80 pupils. The item of $2,000 for new construction is to provide a building for shop work for instruction of pupils and a room for indoor physical exercises when the weather is Inclement. There are no facilities for training of this kind at present. , , ^ . ^, The $2,000 for repairs and improvements asked for is the same amount required last year, and will be needed for the proper upkeep of the school plant It comprises 22 wooden buildings which require more or less repairs and improvements to keep them in good condition and to meet the progressive needs of the school. 1 The per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act appcoved Sent 7 1910, Public No. 264,. Fixty-fourth Congress. 2 Besides this,. 92 acres are, used foivpasture. j ,, 3 This includes both materials and labor of emjjloyees and pupils. * This includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock/ 71486—16 11 162 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. The Chairman. The next is Michigan: For support and education of 400 Indian pupils at tlie Indian School, Mount Pleasant, Mich., and for pay of superintendent, $68,800 ; for general repairs and improvements, $6,000; for dormitory, $25,200; for purchase of additional land, $8,000; in all, $108,000. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification for the maintenance and support of the Indian School at Mount Pleasant, Mich. : Indian School, Mount Pleasant, Mich. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $60, 450. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 60, 450. 00 Amount expended 59, 485. 76 Unexpended balance^ 964.24 A!nalysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 24, 244. 13 Traveling expenses 10. 85 Transportation of supplies 777. 69 Heat, light, and power (service) 298.33 Telegraph and telephone service 59. 07 Printing, binding, and advertising 7. 75 Subsistence supplies 14, 284. 43 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 8, 618. 22 Forage 160. 07 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 4, 655. 81 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 1, 123. 91 Medical supplies 361. 62 Live stock 50. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 144. 03 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc , 4, 239. 24 Miscellaneous 450. 61 59, 485. 76 KEPAIKS AND IMPROVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated 5, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 5, 000. 00 Amount expended 4, 574. 98 Unexpended balance 425. 02 Analysis of expenditures : Repairs (to plant) 4,574.98 Statistical statniient for year ending June 30, 1916. Value of school plant — real property $178, 787 Number of buildings 39 Number of employee.s 37 Total salaries $24, 900 Average attendance of pupils 339 Average enrollment 344 Capacity 35O 1 TMs is not a final balance, aa there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged against the appropriation. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 163 Cost per capita based on average enrollment ' $167 Cost per capita based on average attendance $170 Area of schoolland (acres)_ i 320 Area of school land (acres cultivated) 178 Value of products of school sewing room ' $11, 443 Value of agricultural products " $10, 472 There was also used, miscellaneous receipts, Class IV $402 Superintendent's estimate of needs for 1918. Support $68,800 Repairs and improvements 6, 000 New buildings 25,000 Acreage additional 8, 000 Total ' 1 107,800 Amount requested in proposed hill. Support and education of 400 Indian pupils and superintendent's salary. 68, 800 Repairs and improvements 6, 000 New buildings ; 25, 200 Purchase of land i _— _i 8, 000 Total 108,000 Salaries, 1917. Seamstress Assistant seamstress . Laundress Baker Cook Assistant cook Farmer Dairyman Industrial teacher Carpenter Assistant carpenter _. Tailor Gardener Engineer Assistant Do Laborer 300 500 500 600 300 840 600 720 720 300 720 600 ,000 240 240 500 Total 24, 870 ISuperlntendent $2, 000 iPrincipal and clerk 1, 200 Assistant clerk 600 Physician- 1, 200 Disciplinarian 900 Teacher 900 Do 780 Do ^ 720 Do 690 Do 660 Do 600 Music teacher 720 Matron 840 Assistant matron 660 Do 600 Do 600 Do 300 Housekeeper 600 Nurse 720 Assistant nurse 300 This is the only Indian boarding school in the State of Michigan, and there are about 1,400 available children of school age. The location of the school is at a point most accessible to the various Indian settlements. It does not go outside the State for pupils and is unable to accommodate all the Indian chil- dren who ask admission. For this reason the estimate has been increased to provide for 400 pupils, which is 50 more than last year. The buildings, heating system, , etc., are valued at $159,587, and tlie $6,000 required for repairs and improvements is only about 3J per cent of that amount, or about 3J per cent of the value of the entire plant, including land. The re- pairs needed include general repairs to all buildings, as well as repairs to and extending the water, sewer, heating, and lighting systems. It is reported that the girls' home, with a capacity of 132, is crowded. At times there are 1^6 girls quartered there. Both large and small girls are quar- 1 Tv,o nor PHnitn post is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year ?n iimpSct with fhe aS of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act ap- . Droved Sept 7 1916 (Public, No. 264, 64th Cong.). ^ , ., ., ^° Amount given includes both material and labor of employees and pupils. 3 AmouSt given includes products from farm, garden, dairy, and stock. 164 INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. feretl in this dormitory. Tlie present building should be used for large girls only, and a new building should be provided for the small girls. Small boys and girls should be separated from older pupils, as they recfuire much more individual care and attention. It is estimated that $25,200 will erect a suitable building. There is not sufficient pasturage at the Mount Pleasant school to support a suitable dairy herd. The superintendent reports that the present herd is not large enough, 25 additional cows being required. The present herd does not provide a sufficient quantity of milk and butter for the pupils. About 100 acres additional land is required for pasture and raising subsistence for 50 milk cows, and it is also planned to raise at least 20 steers, to teach the pupils this branch of stock raising. At present most of the butter for the school is pur- cha.sed. Eight thousand dollars will be required for the acquisition of this land. - Mount Pleasant is a nom'eservation boarding school. The Indians of the State are very poor and are unable to send their children to the public schools. This school will be required for many years. The Chairman. I see you have liaised this amount of $73,450 to $108,000. ■ ■ ■ Mr. Meritt. You will notice there is $25,200 for dormitory and $8,000 for additional land. Those are the two new item's there. Mr. Carter. You had a new building last year, if I remember right. Mr. Meeitt. a dairy barn. I visited that school this spring and was very much surprised to note that the land immediately in front of the school is not owned by the Government. That school could be put in a very bad situation if certain improvements were put on the land just immediately in front of 'the school buildings, on the land proposed to be purchased. "\Ve needed additional land for scljool use, and it Avill only cost $8,000 and will be money well expended. They are also in serious need thete of additional dormitory space. There are a great many Indian childi'en in Michigan without school facilities, and the little girls are now crowded in a dormitory with the older girls. A new dormitory is one of the necessities of that school. ;- 1 The Chairman. This is a nonreservation school? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; but it is the only Indian school in Michi- gan, and they have quite a large Indian population in Michigan. The Chairman. A scattering population. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. We need to bring those Indian children to that school in order to give them an education. It is a very worthy cause, and the appropriation is urgently needed. The Chairman. We will take a recess until 10 o'clock to-morrow morning. (Whereupon, at 4.45 o'clock, the subcommittee recessed until 10 o'clock Wednesday, December 6, 1916.) indian apphopeiation bill. 165 Subcommittee of the Committee on Indian Affairs, House of Representatives, Wednesday, DeoeTriber 6, 1916. The subcommittee assembled at 10 o'clock a. m. Present: Representatives Stephens (chairman), Carter, Camp- bell, and Norton. ADDITIONAL STATEMENT OF HON. EDGAR B. MEMTT, ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. The Chairman. The next item is : Sec. 9. For support and education of 225 Indian pupils at .the Indian scliool, Pipestone, Minn., including pay of superintendent, $39,175 ; for general repairs and improvements, $7,000; for domestic science cottage, $5,000; for addition to hospital, $6,000; in all, $57,175. Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, I offer for the record the following justification: ,, Indian school, Pipestone, Minn. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $39, 175. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 39, 175. 00 Amount expended 38, 487. 02 Unexpended balance '687.98 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 17, 299. 73 Traveling expenses ,^„, , 42. 88 Transportation of supplies i- 504. 50 Heat, light, and power (service)w^_^_„_, 747.11 Telegraph and telephone service 53. 51 Printing, binding, and advertising , 10. 30 Subsistence supplies : 7, 482. 65 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 5, 201. 23 Forage , 528. 98 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc : ■ 2, 350. 58 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 319. 28 Medical supplies 250. 32 Live stock — — 175. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 332. 95 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 2, 914. 89 Miscellaneous 273. 11 38,487.02 Indian school, Pipestone, Minn., repairs and improvements. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $7,000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 6, 000. 00 Amount expended 5, 325. 08 Unexpended balance 674. 92 Analysis of expenditures: Repairs (to plant) 5,325.08 Statistical statement for year ending June SO, 1916. Value of school plant, real property $143, 6.50 Number of buildings — .- 26 1 This Is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged against the appropriation. 166 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Number of employees 25 Total salaries $16, 960 Average attendance of pupils 193 Average enrollment 201 Cost per capita based on average enrollment : ^ $183 Cost per capita based on average attendance $191 Capacity 212 Area of school land (acres) 685 Area of school land (acres cultivated) . 330 Value of products of school, harness shop, and sowing room ^$2, 435 Value of products of school, agricultural--^ " $5, 000 There were also used miscellaneous receipts, Class IV, $328. Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1918 : Support $40, 550 Repairs and Improvements : 7, 000 New buildings, heating system, pipe line, etc 1_ 33, 500 Total : 81, 050 Indian school, Pipestone, Minn., 1918, amount requested in' proposed bill : Support and education of 225 Indian pupils at the Indian school, Pipestone, Minn., and superintendent's salary 39, 175 Repairs and Improvements 7, 000 New buildings 11,000 Salaries. 1917. 57, 175 Superintendent $1, 650 Clerlj 1,000 Assistant clerk Physician Disciplinarian Principal Teacher Do Do Matron Assistant matron Seamstress Laundress Baker 600 600 720 900 720 660 630 600 540 540 500 540 Cook $540 Nurse 720 Farmer 900 Carpenter 780 Tailor 600 Engineer 1, 000 Gardener 540 Assistant 540 Do 540 Do 300 Do 300 Laborer 300 Total 17,260 There are 1,200 more eligible Indian children in the State of Minnesota than represented by the combined capacity of Government reservation and day schools and mission private and public schools. Pour hundred and fifty-five are in nonreservation schools, 666 are not in any school, and the remainder of the 1,200 are in schools crowded beyond their proper capacity. The usefulness of the Pipestone School is clearly evident. The plant consists of 26 buildings, valued at $93,550. Seven thousand dollars is requested for repairs and improvements. This amount is necessary, because the buildings are old and new ceilings and paint, particularly paint for roofs, repairs to heat, water, light, and sewer systems, are necessary. At present there is no building and very little equipment for the domestic- science instruction for the girls at Pipestone and therefore satisfactory results can not be secured in this important work. It is believed $5,000 will provide a suitable domestic-science building. The school hospital is a small one-story building with no operating room and no proper room for use as a dispensary. At times— for instance, in an epidemic — the hospital will not accommodate the patients and some are neces- sarily cared for in the dormitories. To relieve the situation it is desired to add another story to the present hospital, at an estimated cost of $6,000. , 1 The per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year LVtT'me TpuJl^^li'Sknit^'ko'^t). *'' '*^*- ''■' ''-'''■ ^"^^ *"'= '''' '^^^■^"^^^ ^Amount given Includes both materials and labor of employees and pupils ■iAmouDt given includes products from farm, garden, dairy, and stock. ' Season 1915 u?ts ™t in'^half ™™ ^ "" ^^'"'"' ' ""^" ^'^^^ "°P^ P"""^- Value fa™ prod- INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 167 Mr. Campbell. I see you are not asking for an increase there. Mr. Mekitt. No, sir; we are asking for a reduction. But there are two new items— for domestic-science cottage, $5,000, and for addition to hospital, $6,000. Those two improvements are very much needed at the school, and the needs are fully set forth in the justi- fication. The Chairman. The next item is : For support of a school or schools for the Chippewas of the Mississippi in Minnesota (art. 3, treaty of Mar. 19, 1867), $4,000. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : Stipport of Chippewas of the Mississippi, Minnesota. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $4, 000 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated . ' 4, OOO Amount expended 4^ oOO Analysis of expenditures : Salaries, wages, etc 4,000 This money is used In part payment of salaries at the White Earth Boarding School. The additional sums necessary for the support of the school are pro- vided from other funds. The appropriation will be used this year in the same manner as heretofore. The following data in regard to the White Earth School is submitted : Statistical statement for year ending June 30, J916. Value of school plant, real property !f94, 591 Number of buildings 17 Number of employees 23 Total salaries $15, 600 Average attendance of pupils 199 Average enrollment 217 Capacity ^ ^ 250 Table showing positions and salaries at White Earth Superintendency and the funds from which they are payable, 1917. Position. PayaWe from support of Chippewas of Mississippi, Minnesota, 1917. Superintendent Wnite Earth Boarding School: Principal Disciplinarian Teacher Do Do Kindergartner Teacher of housekeeping. . Matron Assistant matron Dining-room matron Seamstress Laundress Baker Cook Farmer Carpenter ' Shoe and harness maker Night watchman Assistant ■ Engineer Assistant engineer Laborer Total Interest on Chippewas in Minnesota fund. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do., Do. Do. Support of Cliippewas of Mississippi, Minnesota, 1917. Do! 168 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. That is a treaty item, and is the same amount and the same language as that in the current appropriation act. The Chairman. The next item is: The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to withdraw from the Treasury of the United States, at his discretion, the sum of $185,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, of the principal sum on deposit to tlie credit of the Chippewa Indians in the State of Minnesota, arising under section seven of the act of January fourteen, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, entitled "An act for the relief and civilization of the Chippewa Indians in the State of Minnesota," and to use the same for the purpose of promoting civilization and self-support among the said Indians in manner and for purposes provided for in said act : Proridcd, That not less than $10,000 of said amount of $185,000 may be used to furnish employment to the said Chippewas in building roads and making other improvements upon the Chippewa reservations in Minnesota for the benefit of the said Chippewas. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification : Chippewa in Minnesota fund (for promoting civilization and self-support) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount authorized $185, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount authorized 160, 000. 00 Amount expended . , 151,351. 81 Unexpended balance < 8, 648. 19 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 59,027.60 Traveling expen.ses 6, 542. 64 Transportation of supplies 2, 468. 72 Heat, light, and power (service) 58.41 Telegraph and telephone service 702. 99 Printing, binding, and advertising 34. 90 Subsistence supplie.s : 25, 324. 27 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 9,161.97 Forage • , 7, 425. 53 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc ^ ■ 15, 391. 77 Educational, stationery, and offlce supplies 1, 982. 40 Medical supplies 2, 883.29 Live stock 275. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 897. 29 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 5, 94.5. 00 Seed 943. 31 Repairs (to plant) 2,081.84 Care and maintenance of pupils in mission school 8, 097. 45' Miscellaneous 1, 107.43 151, 351. 81 Tribal funds, Chippewa Indians of Minnesota 185, 000. 00 The reservations using this fund are Nett Lake, Grand Portage, White Earth, Red Lake, Fond du Lac, and Leech Lake. There are 11,.598 Indians under the jurisdiction of these six agencies, of which 5,0.59 are allotted and 6,539 are unallotted. This fund- was established by the act of January 14, 1889. It is derived from the proceeds of timber on ceded lands sold by agreement for the benefit of the Indians. A provision in this act provides that after the United States has been reimbursed for moneys advanced to the Indians a certain amount, not to exceed 5 per cent, of the princii>al fund may be withdrawn for the support and civilization of the Indians. The United States has been reimbursed for all advances made, and during the past six years Congress has set aside a part of the fund for the carrying out of the offlce policy toward the betterment of the Indians entitled to share in this fund. At the present time these Indians INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 169 ^r^nn A«,^ *?^"" '^'^'^•^" approximately $4,500,000, a payment of practically ^>l,SOO,000 haviug been allowed to them during the past fall, in accordance witli a provision in the Indian appropriation act for the fiscal year 1917, ap- proved May 18, 1916. j . p Congress could, if it so desired, set aside .$225,000, such being 5 per cent ot the balance now remaining in tlie Treasury, to be expended for the support ■and education of these Indians. It is the policy of this office to bring the Uiippewa Indians to a proper appreciation of the agricultural possibilities of their reservation, due to the fact that the lumber industry will last at best hut a few years longer, and the Chippewa Indians must derive their income from other sources than the sale of timber. A comprehensive plan of road buildmg, of demonstration farms, and the placing of Government farmers at points where they can be of real benefit to the Indians is being fpllowed as the office realizes keenly that these Indians must be taught the advantage of living on their allotments and making the soil produce to its full capacity Tinder proper farming methods which are being taught them as rapidly as possible. With the added cost of subsistence supplies for this year over past years, and the other materials needed for these agencies, toge"ther with the additional expenditures which the office intends to make regarding indus- trial and other activities among these Indians, it is expected that it will use up practically the entire amount above asked for. That item carries the same amourit as the ciitrent Indian, appro- priation act. The Chaiejvian. The next item is: The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to advance to the execu- tive committee of the White Earth Band of Chippewa Indians in Minne.'Sota the sum of $1,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to be exp'ended In the annual celebration of said band, to be held Juhe l4, 1917, out of the funds helonging to said band. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : Chippewa in Minnesola fund '(annual celebration expenses). ifiscal year ending June 30. 1917, amount authorized $1, 000 iTiscal year ending .June 30, 1916 : Amount authorized 1, 000 Amount expended 1, 000 Analysis of expenditures : Celebration expenses 1, 000 Tribal funds. Chippewa Indians of Minnesota, White Earth ceiel)ration_ $1, 000 For several years Congress has appropriated $1,000 from the tribal funds of the Chippewa Indians to defray the expenses of the annual treaty celebra- tion of the White Earth Indians. Apparently it has been the intention of Congress to leave the manner in which this money shall be expended to the ' executive committee of the White Earth Indians, that committee making the expenditures and assuming responsibility therefor. The executive committee is elected by the tribal council, composed of the chiefs and the headmen of the different bands of Chippewa Indians, who usually assemble in a large tent on the celebration grounds for the purpose of discussing the expenditure of this money. The Indians strongly urge the incorporation of this item in the bill each year, as the treaty celebration is an annual event of great importance to them. As the money is advanced from their tribal funds on deposit in the Treasury of the United States, this item has been included in the bill. The Chairman. The next item is : To reimburse Tom Skinaway, an Indian, chief of police at the White Earth Agency, Minn., for attorneys' fees in connection with his trial for the killing of Anderson Armstrong while in the performance of his official duties, $800. 170 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification : EEIMBUESEMENT TO TOM SKIN A WAY, $800. Tom Skinaway, chief of police at tlie White Earth Agency, Minn., shot and liilled a tnixed-blood Indian named Anderson Armstrong in self-defense on Octo- ber 17, 1914, while in the performance of his official duties. The facts surrounding the killing, briefly related, are as follows : Anderson Armstrong was a powerful mixed blood living on the White Earth Reservation, Minn., in the district known as Elbow Lake. He assaulted the Indian chief of police named Tom Skinaway while the latter and his wife were out driving. On Skinaway's securing the assistance of another policeman and returning to arrest Armstrong, his club was taken away from him by the latter's com- panions, and Armstrong again savagely attacked the policeman. The police- man was no physical match for his antagonist, and in self-defense he shot and killed Armstrong. As a result of the attack, the chief of police was in the hospital for a period of two days. He gave himself up to the authorities, and was tried on the charge of second degree murder, of which he was acquitted. Previous to his trial, under date of November 12, 1914, the Attorney General was advised of the killing of Armstrong, and requested to take such action on behalf of Skinaway as the law and facts warranted. Under date of November 24, United States Attorney Alfred Jacques advised the Attorney General that he had appeared at the opening of the district court, Detroit, Minn., to represent the Interests of Skinaway, but that he learned at that time Skinaway was repre- sented by two quite able lawyers, and that he went over the case fully with these attorneys while there. He further stated that Skinaway was so well represented it did not appear to him that there would be any occasion for his being present at the trial. The attorneys' charges for their services amounted to $800. Skinaway paid the same, and now wishes the United States to reimburse him for the amount expended, especially in view of the fact that he has had to exhaust his resources, in order to meet the attorneys' fees in his case. Skinaway submitted a claim covering his payment to these attorneys amount- ing to $800, but same was disallowed In a decision of the Comptroller of the' Treasury rendered October 7, on the ground that the two attorneys had not been especially retained under authority of the Department of Justice, nor had they been commissioned by the head of the department or taken the oath re- quired by section 366 of the Revised Statutes ; also in view of the fact that the legal services could have been rendered by the United States attorney, if Skin- away had not employed private counsel. In view of the fact that Skinaway was performing his duty as chief of police on the White Earth Reservation when he shot Armstrong; that he was in the employ of the Government ; and that the shooting was entirely in self-defense resulting from trying to enforce the law, it would seem equitable that this man be reimbursed for the amount expended in his defense. It appears that Tom Skinaway got in a difficulty in the perform- ance of his official duties, and he killed Anderson Armstrong in self- defense. This Indian police was tried, and he employed two attor- neys to defend him, and was acquitted. We have these attorneys' claims pending before the office. They were paid by this Indian,, and he feels that he should be reimbursed to that amount. Mr. Campbell. He thinks that it was his duty to kill the man? Mr. Meeitt. He thinks that it Avas his duty to protect his life in the performance of his official duty ; and it is a clear case of self-defense. This Anderson Armstrong, it appears, was a man of some reputation for brutality and it M'as absolutely necessary for Skinaway to protect himself in this fight. The Chaieman. The next item, under the head of "Montana," is: Sec. 10. For support and civilization of the Indians at Fort Belknap Agency,. Mont., including pay of employees, $20,000. Air. Meeitt, Mr. Chairman, I offer for the record the following justification : INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 171 Support of Indians of Fort Belknap Agency, Mont. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $20,000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 20, 000. 00 Amount expended_..___! 19, 510. 01 Unexpended balance .' 489. 99 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 9,596.99 Traveling expenses 177. 30 Transportation of supplies : 487. 18 Subsistence supplies 3, 978. 36 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 37. 35 Forage 10.00 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 1, 472. 89 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 176. 53 Medical supplies 809. 63 Live stock 100. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 018. 16 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 1, 045. 78 Seed J 217.24 Care of insane 366. 00 Miscellaneous '. 16. 60 19, 510. 01 SUPPORT OF INDIANS, FOBT BELKNAP AGENCY, MONT. The amount asked for is the same as appropriated last year, There are ap- proximately 1,211 Indians on the Fort Belknap Reservation, none of whom have been allotted. The past winter, the superintendent reports, has been one of the most severe ever experienced in that part of the country, and a great many deaths occurred, especially among the older Indians, many of whom live in log houses with dirt roofs. This condition has necessitated the issuance of rations and supplies to the needy ones and the furnishing of necessary medical aid. An effort is being made to improve conditions by encouraging Indians to build bet- ter homes. The amount asked for is needed for the purchase and transportation of subsistence, clothing, etc., for issues to the needy ; fuel and illuminants for the agency ; forage for live stock, traveling expenses, etc. ; and for pay of nec- essary employees. Support of Indians of Flathead Agency, Mont. Fiscal year ending June 80, 1917, amount appropriated $20, OOP. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated ^f ^"^- "" Amount expended ii, ^M. »u Unexpended balance '^^^- ^^ Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages *' ^""- "" Traveling expenses ^' "°'- °g Transportation of supplies '■ f*- °° Telegraph and telephone service o^- '" Printing, binding, and advertising ou. uu Subsistence supplies ^< '^'i- '^ Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc ^^- ^° Forage „-,„' ^p- Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc d^^- 't° Educational, stationery, and office suppUes 40- 'O Medical supplies — f^°- :f" Implements, vehicles, tools, etc x, dso. lo 172 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Analysis of expenditures — Continued. Sundry supplies, equipment, etc : ^J^l. a- Seed 101.52 Miscellaneous °- "' Total ^ 11- 250. 90 The Chairman. The next item is : For support and civilization of Indians at Flathead Agency, Mont., Including pay of employees, $20,000, of which amount not exceeding $4,500 shall be expended for salaries. Mr. Meeitt. I offer the following justification: SLTPPORT OF INDIANS, FLATHE.\D, MONT. This is the same amount as was allowed for the support and civilization of these Indians during the fiscal year 1917. Population, 2,343, of which number 1,891 have been allotted, and assistance must be given them until they can be made self-supporting. The amount asked for is needed to purchase food, clothing, and other supplies for issuance to sick and helpless Indians; for forage for agency stock, fuel, light, traveling ex- penses, etc., and for pay of necessary employees. There are a number of old and Indigent Indians on this reservation and, by reason of their condition and their inability to obtain and perform manual labor, it becomes necessary for the Government to give them all possible assistance. Mr. Campbell. The next item is : For support and civilization of Indians at Fort Peck Agency, Mont., Including pay of employees, $30,000. Mr. Meeitt. I offer the following justification: Support of Indians of Fort Peck Agency, Mont. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $30, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 30, 000. 00 Amount expended 28, 982. 61 Unexpended balance 1, 017. 39 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 15, 245. 29 Traveling expenses 164. 00 Transportation of supplies 107. 69 Telegraph and telephone service 60. 60 Subsistence supplies 7, 323. 89 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 7. 10 Forage 1, 285. 00 Fuel, illumlnants, lubricants, etc 1, 908. 71 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 127. 70 Bledical supplies 837. 45 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 264. 18 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 651. 00 28, 982. 61 SUPPORT OF INDIANS, FOKT PECK, MONT.. This is the same amount as has been granted in previous years. There are approximately 1,985 Indians on the Fort Peck Reservation, 1,659 of whom have been allotted. As the surplus lands of the reservation have been thrown open to settlement, it will be necessary for the Indians to confine their industrial operations to their allotments until they become self-supporting and it will be necessary for the Government to aid them in their industries. The amount asked for is needed to purchase subsistence, medical and other supplies for INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 17S issue to (he sick and helpless Indians; for labor In lieu of rations; for pay of necessary employees; forage for agency stock; fuel and illuminants for the agency ; and traveling expenses, etc. The Chairman. The next item is, " For support and civilization of Indians at Blackfeet AgencV, Mont., including pay of employees, $100,000 to be immediately available." Mr. Mekitt. I offer for the record the following justification: Support of Indians of Blackfeet Affcnicy, Mont. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated .$25. 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 1.5.000.00 Amount expended 14, 312. 38 Unexpended balance 687. 62 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 9. 018. 40 Traveling eypenses 110. 15 Transportation of supplies 971. 16 Telegraph and telephone service 92. 42 Subsistence supplies ___: 2, 387. 6T FueU'illuminan'ts, lubricant.'^;, etc ; ' 1, 238. 65 * Educational, sfationfei-y, and office supplies ' 18. 24 Medical supplies L__ 49. 19; Implements, vehicles, tools, etc l l(Jp. 79, Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 73. 73 Seed 229.17 Miscellaneous 20. 81 14, 312. 38 SUPPOKT OF INDIANS, BLACKFEET, MONT. ■ - I ■■ ■ • There are approximately 2,743 Indians on the Blackfeet Reservation, most of whom have been allotted. The amount asked for is .$75,000 in excess of the amount appropriated for the fiscal year 1917. The Indians of the Blackfeet Reservation have heretofore been supported largely from tribal funds derived from sale of lands, treaties, etc. These funds are now exhausted and the Indians are hot as yet on the self-supporting basis. The $25,000 appropriated for the fiscal year 1917 under this item has already been hypothecated for necessary agency and reservation expenses, approxi- mately $20,000 being set aside for support of Indians, and additional subsistence supplies necessary to keep the Blackfeet Indians from suffering during the coming vifinter will have to be purchased from the general item entitled " Re- lieving distress and prevention, etc., of disease among Indians." There will be no funds available for a program of constructive work looking to the en- couraging of the Indians along lines of industry and self-support. The condition of the Iildians on this reservation is deplorable, and the in- crease asked for is for the purpose of .bettering this condition. While much progress has been made along industrial lines on the Blackfeet Reservation during the past two or three years, the plans in mind for the coming year will require a much increased appropriation. For example, a tribal herd of cattle has been established, and this will require an increased appropriation in order to provide employees, mounts for cowboys, and forage for the cattle and horses. The Indians need equipment for farming and haying purposes, and a part of the increased appropriation will be used to supply their needs in that direction. The homes of the Indians are, as a rule, deplorable, and it is planned to con- tinue the efforts already begun to encourage the improvement of the homes now built, as well as to increase the construction of new homes along modern and sanitary lines. _ . The increased industrial activities naturally require some employees, prin- cipally of the irregular type, and a larger expenditure for traveling expenses in connection with the supervision thereof. The purchase of a larger quan- tity of agricultural implements aiid.live stock needed by' the Iildians naturally 174 INDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. requires a larger appropriation for the transportation thereof. Roads on the reservation which lieretofore have been more or less neglected will need improve- ment, and the funds needed therefor will add to the increase. You will observe that Ave are asking for an increase there from $25,000 to $100,000. The tribal funds of the Blackfeet Indiajas are practically exhausted, and it is necessary for us to ask for gratuity appropriations from Congress to relieve this condition. Probably there are no Indians in the United States who are in a more deplorable condition than the Blackfeet Indians of Montana. Their reservation is located on the Canadian line ; the climate there is very severe in the winter. A great many of the full bloods have Jiot yet become self-supporting, and it is necessary for us to issue during the cold Avinter months rations to the more than a thousand Indians. The Chairman. Are these ration Indians still? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. We have tried to get these Indians to be- <:ome self-supporting and have used every pressure in our power with that end in view, but so far have not been entirely successful. The Chairman. How did they live last year on $25,000, if it is necessary this year to appropriate $100,000 for them? Mr. Meritt. We supplemented the appropriation last year with tribal funds which were then available, but those tribal funds are now exhausted, and we are asking that this appropriation be made immediately available, so that we can this winter relieve their dis- tress and furnish them with rations. The Chairman. Well, are they actually suffering ? Mr. Meritt. There will be suffering there this winter unless we get this appropriation. The Chairman. The next item is — For maintenance and operation, including repairs, of the irrigation systems on the Fort Belknap Reservation in. Slontana, ^30,000, reimbursable in accord- iince with the provisions of the act of April 4, 1910. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : Maintenance and operation. Milk River irrigation system, Fort Belknap Reserva- tion, Mont, {reimlmrsahie) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated '$20,000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 20, 000. 00 Amount expended 19, 311. 88 Unexpended balance , 688. 12 Analysis of expenditures : • Salaries and wages 15, 579. 50 Traveling expenses 262. 64 Transportation of supplies 61. 16 Forage 174. 48 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 241. 50 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 18. 12 Live stock 3OO. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 97. 07 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 2,473.52 Miscellaneous 103. 89 19, 311. 88 1 Appropriation for 1917 designated "Maintenance and operation, irrigation systems, Fort Belknap Reservation, Mont, (reimbursable)." INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 175 PORT liELKNAP EKSER\ATION PEO.rPXT. Iiulliiii tribes, Gros Ventres and AsKinnuboine. Number of Induing, 1,200. Areii ol' reservation, 546,960 acres. Area Irrigable from constructed works, 18,800 acres. Area actually Irrigated, 10,640 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 10,480. Area farmed by whites, 160. Area of whole pro,iect, 38,000 acres. Cost of Irrigation construction, $234,549.85. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance and miscellaneous, $45,890.56. Estimated alddltional cost to complete project, $60,000. Estimated total cost of Irrigation per acre, $10. Average value of Irrigated lands, $30 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 10 inches. Source of water supply. Milk River and tributaries. Market for produce, local (fair). Distance from railroad, 2 to 40 miles. Irrigation systems, Fort Belknap Reservation, Mont., reimbursable $30,000 This estimate includes not only the Milk River unit, which was the one con- structed from the special appropriation prior to 1917, but also the other units of the project on the reservation and covers maintenance and repairs and re- placements, which are necessary as the old timber structures give out, salaries and wages, new construction, traveling expenses, transportation of sujjplles, tele- graph service, fuel, equipment, material, and miscellaneous supplies. The area of the reservation is 537,000 acres, and the population is 1,205. An encouraging Increase In the use of Irrigation facilities is reported. The Irriga- tion units of the projects are : Milk River system. White Bear system. Three Mile Coulee system. Peoples Creek system. Lodge Pole and Big Warm systems. The area which can be Irrigated on these projects in all approximates 19,000 acres, and more than 10,000 acres are being farmed by the Indians, who are mak- ing commendable progress In their agricultural advance. The total area which will eventually be placed under ditches Is approximately 30,000 acres, and the funds here requested will not only cover the repairs and maintenance but extend the lateral system to new lands. Many of the Indians are still without Irrigable lands and will be until the area is Increased under constructed canals ; there- fore, the larger amount here requested is urgently needed. The Chairman. Have you any special remarks to ofPer about that? Mr. Meritt. None, except that we are trying to get all the irri- gable lands on that reser^-ation under ditch, with a view to getting them cultivated by the Indians. The Indians are making commend- able progress along those lines. We are asking this year for $30,000, an increase of $10,000 over the amount appropriated last year. The Chairman. I would like to ask, Ai-e the Indians taking up those lands and endeavoring to cultivate them after the ditches hare. been put on the land ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; they are farming quite an acreage on that reservation at this time, and it is with a view of keeping up the ditches and the plant which is already constructed and the construc- tion of new laterals reaching to lands not now under cultivation that we are asking for this appropriation. The Chairman. This appropriation is for the maintenance and the development of the irrigation system on these lands ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. The next item is — For fulfilling treaties with Cro\\s. Blontana : For pay of physician, $1,200 ; and for pay of carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmith (art. 10, treaty of May 7'. 1868), $3,600; for pay of second blaclcsmlth (art. 8, same treaty), $1,200; In all, $6,000. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : 176 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Fulfilling treaties with Crows of Montana. Fiscal j'ear ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated - $6, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 6, 000. 00 Amount expended 5, 515. 00 Unexpended balance 485. 00 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 5, 515, 00 Indian population, 1,707. This is the amount appropriated annually to fulfill the obligations of the United States to provide certain employees for the Crow Indians, under the treaty of May 7, 1868, ratified July 25, 1868 (15 Stat. L., 649). Article 10 of .■said treaty provides : " The United States hereby agrees to furnish annually to the Indians, the physician, teachers, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmiths as herein contemplated, and that sucb appropriations shall be made from time to time on the estimates of the Secretary of the Interior as will be sufficient to employ such persons. Article 8 of the above treaty provides, inter alia, that — " Such persons as commence farming shall receive instructi&ns from the farmer herein provided for, and whenever more than 100 persons shall enter upon the cultivation of the soil a second blacksmith, shall be provided, with such iron, steel, and other material as may be required." There appears to be no limitation in time, and said provisions continue in force. That is a treaty item ; it is the same as hist year. The Chairman. The next item is — For sub.sistence and eivili.'sation of the Northern Cheyennes and Arapahoes (agreement with the 'Sioux Indians, approved Feb. 28, 1877), including Northern Cheyennes removed from Pine Ridge Agency to Tongue River, Mont., iind for pay of physician, two teachers, two carpenters, one miller, two farmers, a blaclwmith, and engineer (art. 7, treaty of May 10, 1868), .$80,000. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification: Support of Noriticrn Cheijciines and Arapahoes, Montana. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amojint appropriated .$80,000.00 Fiscal year ended June .30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 85,000.00 Amount expended 75, 890. 24 Unexpended balance 9, 109. 76 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 25,441.10 Traveling expen.ses 863. 80 Transportation of supplies 4,4.54.04 Telegraph and telephone service 76. 31 Subsistence supplies 21, 061. 28 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 220.05 Forage _ _ 2, 437. 98 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc_ 2,077.00 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 147.18 Medical supplies ' 998. 74 Live stock 1, leo. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 3,479.45 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc , 2^955.05 Care and maintenance of pupils in mission schools lo', 161. 96. Miscellaneous 356.' 30 75, 890. 24 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. 177 The amount asked for is the same as appropriated for the fiscal year 1917, and Is for the purpose of fulfilling the requirements of the treaty with the Indians. Approximately $20,000 of the amount requested is for pay of neces- sary employees, including two physicians ; $40,000 is for issuance of food, cloth- ing, etc., to Indians, labor in lieu of rations, and other supplies; $11,000 for contracts with mission schools; and the balance for forage for Government animals, fuel, and illuminants, and traveling expenses of superintendent, physi- cians, and other employees, etc. The combined population of the two tribes is 2,314, of whom 1,461 are Northern Cheyennes under the jurisdiction of the Tongue River Agency, Mont., and 853 are Arapahoes under the jurisdiction of the Shoshone Agency, Wyo. Article 7, treaty of May 10, 1868 (15 Stats. L., 655), reads as follows: " The United States hereby agrees to furnish annually to the Indians who settle upon the reservation a physician, teachers, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmiths, as herein contemplated, and that such appropriations shall be made from time to time on the estimates of the Secretary of the Inte- rior as will be sufficient to employ such persons." In the fifth article of the agreement of February 28, 1877, the United States agrees to provide all necessary aid to assist the Indians in the work of civili- zation and to furnish subsistence and certain specified rations. As will be seen, no amount is mentioned or specific period fixed. Article 5, agreement of February 28, 1877 (19 Stat. L., 254), reads as follows: " In consideration of the foregoing cession of territory and rights, and upon full compliance with each and every obligation assumed by the said Indians, the United States does agree to provide all necessary aid to assist the said Indians in the work of civilization, to furnish to them schools and instruction in mechanical and agricultural arts, as provided for by the treaty of 1868. Also, to provide said Indians with subsistence consisting of the ration for each indi- vidual of a pound and a half of beef (or in lieu thereof one-half pound of bacon), one-half pound of flour, and one-half pound of corn ; and for every 100 rations 4 pounds of coffee, 8 pounds of sugar, and 3 pounds of beans, or in lieu of said articles the equivalent thereof in the discretion of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Said rations, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be continued until the Indians are able to support themselves. Rations shall in all cases be issued to the head of each separate family ; and whenever schools shall have been provided by the Government for said Indians, no rations shall be issued for children between the ages of 6 and 14 years (the sick and infirm excepted), unless such children shall regularly attend school. Whenever the said Indians shall be located upon lands which are suitable for cultivation, rations shall be Issued only to the persons and families of those persons who labor (the aged, sick, and infirm excepted), and as an Incentive to industrious habits the Com- missioner of Indian Affairs may provide that such persons be furnished in payment for their labor such other necessary articles as are requisite for civil- ized life. The Government will aid said Indians, as far as possible, in finding a market for their surplus productions and in finding employment, and will purchase such surplus, as far as may be required, for supplying food to those Indians, parties to the agreement, who are unable to sustain themselves ; and will also employ Indians, so far as practicable, in the performance of Govern- ment work upon their reservations." The Chairman. The next item is — For the employment of " line riders " along the southern and eastern bound- aries of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation In the State of Montana, $1,500. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification ; Line riders, Northern Cheyenne Reservation, Mont. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $1, 500. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 1, 500. 00 Amount expended 1. 432. 00 Unexpended balance 68.00 Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages ^ 1. 4d-i. Od) 71486—16 12 178 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. The two men employed under this appropriation are used along the boundary i/f the southeastern part of the reservation to protect the live-stock interests of Ihe Indians, to prevent their stock from leaving the reservation and trespassing upon the adjoining lands of white settlers, and to keep the stock of the latter off the reservation. They have also been used to some extent for the purpose of apprehending persons stealing and killing live stock on the reservation, and other work in connection with the live-stock interests of the Indians. The amount asked for is the same that was appropriated last year. The Chairman. The next item is — For the support and civilization of Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewas and other indigent and homeless Indians in the State of Montana, including pay of employees, $5,000. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : Support of Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewas and other Indians, Montana. Fiscal year ending June, 1917, amount appropriated $5, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 10, 000. 00 Amount expended 8, 770. 10 Unexpended balance 1, 229. 90 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages ■ 675. 00 Traveling expenses '. 185. 87 Subsistence supplies 7, 288. 08 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 181. 71 Fuel, lUuminants, lubricants, etc 1. 70 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 89. 96 Construction ■ 341. 70 Miscellaneous . 1' . 6. 08 8, 770. 10 The needs of this formerly nomadic band of Indians have been before the Indian Office for the past 10 years. Finally, the act of April 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 84), resulted in an appropriation of $30,000 for their benefit, as follows: " That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized to ex- pend not to exceed $30,000 for the purpose of settling Chief Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewa Indians, now residing in Montana, upon public lands, if available, in the judgment of the Secretary of the Interior, or upon suitable existing In- dian reservation in said State, and to this end he is authorized to negotiate and conclude an agreement with any Indiaci tribe in said State ; or, in his discretion, to purchase suitable tracts of lands, water, and water rights in said State of Montana and to construct suitable buildings upon said lands and to purchase for them such necessary live stock and implements of agriculture as he may deem proper. And there is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treas- ury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $30,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this section." Pursuant thereto persistent efforts were made either to purchase suitable lands for these Indians or to locate them upon one of the reservations in Mon- tana, but without success. Further efforts were then made to provide lands for them, which finally resulted in the passage by the last Congress of an act setting aside three town- ships in the southern part of the abandoned Fort Assiniboine Military Reserve in that State as a permanent reservation for these Indians. Congress has been appropriating $10,000 annually for a number of years for the support of these Indians, but last year the appropriation was reduced to $5,000. Now that a permanent reservation has been set apart for them, with con- sequent opportunity for self-support, it is believed that the reduced amount asked for herein ($5,000) will be sufficient for their needs in the future, as they have already made a good start toward self-support by the production of vegetables. If granted, this appropriation will be expended for agricul- INIXUN APPEOPRIATION BILL. 179 tural implements, building material, and otlier supplies necessary to assist inese Indians in their eitorts toward self-support by utilizing tlie advantages of the reservation. The Chairman. I would like to ask whether or not those Indians have been finally located? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. How are they succeeding? Mr. Meritt. They are doing remarkably well on the new reserva- tion — on the old Fort Assiniboine. The Chairman. Are they satisfied there ? Mr. Meritt. They seem satisfied there; they were a roving band of Indians, and we have had considerable trouble with theiri during the last 10 years. The Chairman. What is 'this money to be used for— for their support ? Mr. Meritt. For their support ; we are also buying seeds for them and trying to get them started to farming and stock raising on lands set aside for them. We are very much gratified with the progress of those Indians. The Chairman. That is what we are frequently asked about on the floor of the House, and I want to get the record clear on that subject. The next item is — For continuing construction of the irrigation systems on the • Flathead Indian Reservation, in Montana, $750,000 (reimbursable), which shall be Immediately available and remain available until expended. Mr. Meritt. I oifer for the record the following justification : Irrigration system, Flathead Reservation, Mont, (reimbursable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $750,000 Fiscal year ended June 30, 191C: Unexpended balance from previous years 168, 905. 52 Amount appropriated 200, 000. 00 368, 905. 52 Amount expended 263, 164. 80 Unexpended balance-, 105, 740. 72 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 75,884.72 Contract work 98, 450. 70 Traveling expenses 1, 564. 54 Transportation of supplies 1, 439. 1^ Subsistence supplies 11, 609. 72 Forage 5, 700. 22 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 3, 282. 75 Live stock 1, 260. 00 implements, vehicles, tools, etc 11, 768. 69 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 21, 579. 24 General administration expenses. Reclamation Service 26, 283. 69 United States Geological Survey, gaging streams 1, 629. 04 Miscellaneous 2, 712. 34 263, 164. 80 Irrigation system, Flathead Reservation (reimbursable) $750,000 Indian tribes, Confederated Flathead. Number of Indians, 2,302. 180 INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. Area of reservation, 228,408 acres. Irrigable area (whole project), 150,000 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 63,000 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $1,676,292.46. Estimated additional cost to complete project, $4,374,000. Total cost of irrigation, per acre, $45. Average value of irrigated lands, per acre, $100. Average annual precipitation, 16 inches. Source of water supply, numerous streams. Market for products, local and general (good). Distance from railroad, through project. The Flathead irrigation project lies in the west central part of the State of Montana, in Flathead, Missoula, and Sanders Counties. The total irrigable area is 152,000 acres, subdivided as follows : Ninety-seven thousand acres allotted to Indians, 48,000 acres entered by homesteaders, 2,000 acres open to entry, 5,000 acres State lands. The lands are all arid or semiarid and not supplied with enough rainfall for satisfactory farming, so that irrigation is necessary. The estimated cost of the project when completed has been tentatively sug- gested as about $6,000,000. The Reclamation Record for September, 1916, shows that the project as a whole is 26.5 per cent completed. This is true, though the work has been in progress for about 12 years, and the comparatively small amount of work accomplished Is due primarily to insufSciency of appropria- tions for a work of this magnitude. Under the law as amended by the act of May 18, 1916 (Public, No. 80), the entire cost of constructing and openating the system is distributed pro rata over the whole area irrigable and required to be reimbursed the United States by the owners of the irrigable land. The United States has reserved such control over the water and land that the repayment of the cost of the system is assured. An appropriation of $750,000 is needed in order to secure satisfactory progress in the completion of this system and to avoid wasteful methods and consequent greater overhead cost attendant upon conducting a work of this magnitude ' with inadequate appropriation. With annual appropriations of $750,000 the work can not be completed in a shorter time than five years, and the reimburse- ment of the amounts heretofore expended must necessarily await the comple- tion of the project, so that it is to the interest of the Government, the Indians, and the settlers on the surplus unallotted land that the work be completed at the earliest possible moment. The lands in the project are fine agricultural lands, which produce well with an adequate supply of irrigation water but do not produce enough to pay for working same without irrigation. The Indian problem on this reservation will be greatly improved as soon as water is furnished to all of the allotments, and until then the progress desired can not be expected. Mr. Campbell. What is to be the total expense of that irrigation system ? Mr. Meeitt. That irrigation project will cost about $4,374,000 when completed. We have already expended $1,676,292. The Chairman. Now, you are expending it as fast as you can profitably do so? Mr. Mekitt. Yes, sir. Heretofore we have not had sufficient money to expend on that project so that we could get the lands irrigated fast enough for the needs of the Indians and also for the white owners of land on that reservation. The Chairman. That matter is adjusted between the two, is it not? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. By the last Indian appropriation act this matter, long in dispute, was very happily adjusted. The Chairman. And there will be no more trouble ? Mr. Meritt. There will be no more trouble On that score. Mr. Campbell. I notice in the expenditures here that you have about $75,000 for salaries and wages. How much of that is for salaries? INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 181 Mr. Mbeitt. Salaries and wages? Mr. Campbell. Yes. Mr. Meritt. It is practically all— the entire amount is for labor and for salaries of the officials connected with the project. Mr. Campbell. What I am trying to get at is, How much of it is for salaries of officials? Mr. Meritt. From information received from th6 Eeclamation Service, under whose supervision this work was done, the expendi- tures for salaries and wages were approximately in the following proportions: Salaries, 47 per cent; wages, 53 per cent. On this basis the salaries would be $35,665.82 and the wages would be $40,218.90. The Chairman. The next item is : For continuing construction of the irrigation systems on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, In Montana, $100,000 (reimbursable), wliich shall be immediately available and remain available until expended. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification: Irrigation system, Fort Peclc Reservation, Mont. {reimhursaMe) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $100,000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Unexpended balance from previous years 1, 557. 18 Amount appropriated 50, 000. 00 51, 557. 18 Amount expended 32, 606. 83 Unexpended balance -- 18, 950. 35 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 22, 565. 79 Traveling expenses : 218. 30 Subsistence supplies 3, 458. 88 Forage 1, 287. 73 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc___ ^ 411. 93 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 1, 611. 92 Rent 222.50 Miscellaneous 2, 829. 78 32, 606. 83 Irrigation system, Fort Peck Re.servation (reimbursable) $100,000 Indian tribes. Fort Peck Sioux. Number of Indians, 1,943. Area of reservation, 722,453 acres. Irrigable area (whole project), 150,000 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 12,500 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $485,293.55. Estimated additional cost to complete project, $4,615,000. Total cost of irrigation per acre, $38. Average value of irrigated lands, per acre, $50. Average annual precipitation, 14 inches. Source of water supply, several streams. Market for products, local and general (fair). Distan(;e from railroad, through project. Fort Peck project lies in northeastern Montana, in Valley County, and Is bounded on the east by Big Muddy Creek, on the south by the Missouri River, and on the west by Porcupine Creek. These boundary streams are the sources of water supply depended upon for the successful irrigation of most of the irrigable lands included in the project. .^ . .-oaaa f^ a The total area of the project as heretofore proposed is 152,000 acres of land, of which approximately 92,000 acres has been allotted to Indians in 40-acre 182 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. tracts. The elevation of the irrigable area varies from 1,900 to 2,100 feet above sea level, and the temperature varies from 40° belovc to 100° above. The average rate of rainfall is 14.28 inches, about 9 inches of vyhich falls during the growing season, covering the period from April 1 to August 15 of each year. The duty of vt^ater is estimated to be betv^een 1 and 2 acre-feet for each acre of land each season. The soil of most of these lands is heavy clay and loam. The principal prod- ucts are hay, grain, and vegetables, usually supplied to local markets. It is believed that the amount estimated for is the lovs'est with which sufficient construction can be done to develop the project and hold the water rights. The Chairman. I believe that is one of the three that you men- tioned — Flathead, Fort Peck, and Blackfeet? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. You have an unexpended balance of $105,000 there? The Chairman. At the Flathead Reservation? Mr. Campbell. Yes. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. Is that unexpended up to this time, or unexpended up to what time? Mr. Meeitt. That is unexpended up to the first of October; but there may be contracts outstanding that will take up a good part of that balance. Mr. Campbell. Before the 1st of July? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. Do you think you can judiciously spend that before thelst of July? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir ; I think the Reclamation Service can expend profitably $750,000. It has been really an economic waste not to have a larger appropriation than heretofore made by Congress. But $750,000 is all we can use to advantage now, I think. The Chaieman. Does that same thing obtain with regard to Fort Peck Reservation ? Is there an unexpended balance there ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chaieman. The next item is — • For continuing construction of the irrigation systems on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, in Montana, $25,000 (reimbursable), which shall be immediately available, and remain available until expended : Provided, That not to exceed $34,000 of applicable appropriations made for the Flalhead, Blackfeet, and Fort Peck irrigation projects shall be available for the maintenance, repair, and operation of motor-propelled and horse-drawn passenger-carrying vehicles for official use upon the aforesaid irrigation projects : Provided further, That not to exceed $9,000 may be used for the purchase of horse-drawn passenger-carrying vehicles, and that not to exceed $2,000 may be used for the purchase of motor- propelled passenger-carrying vehicles. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification : Irrigation system, Blackfeet Reservation, Mont, (reimbursable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $25, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Unexpended balance from previous years 701. 0# Amount appropriated 50, 000. 00 50, 701. 04 Amount expended 29, 452. 52 Unexpended balance 21, 248. 52 INDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. 183 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages „„ 22, 614. 78 Traveling expenses , 55, 05 Transportation of supplies ,__ , 1, 484. 80 Subsistence supplies ^ 2, 266. 97 Forage ,_„ : ,___, 308. 49 Fuel, IlUimlnants, lubricants, etc 218. 87 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 447. 09 Miscellaneous 2, 056. 47 29, 452. 52 Irrigation system, Blackfeet Reservation (reimbursable) $25,000 Indian tribes, Blackfeet. Number of Indians, 2,724. Area of reservation, 1,498,387 acres. Irrigable area (whole project), 120,000 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 46,000 acres. Cost if Irrigation construction, maintenance, and miscellaneous, $980,147.30. Estimated additional cost to complete project, $2,495,000. Total cost of Irrigation per acre, $30. Average value of irrigated lands, per acre, $25. Average annual precipitation, 12 inches. Source of water supply. Two Medicine River and several creeks. Market for products, local (fair). Distance from railroad, through project. The Blackfeet irrigation project Is located on the Blackfeet Indian Reserva- tion, In Teton County, Mont. This reservation is situated in the northwestern part of the State and extends from the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains on the west for 50 miles to the east and from the Canadian border on the north for 50 miles to the south. The western end of this reservation is very mountainous and joins the Glacier National Park. Going east from these mountains the reservation flattens into an open, rolling country, which is traversed by numerous streams having their origin in the snow and glaciers of the mountains. From these streams it is planned to irrigate the adjacent land. The elevation of the lands to be irrigated is between 3,500 and 4,000 feet, and it slopes to the south and east. The temperature ranges from 44° below to 100° above. The mean rainfall on the Irrigable area is about 12.8 inches. The most of the water for irrigation is used during a period of 90 days from May 1 to August 1. The duty of water is estimated to be about 2 acre-feet, measured at the land. The soil of the Irrigable area ranges from a rich sandy loam to a heavy clay, and In some instances contains considerable sand and gravel. The main product of the reservation will be hay and some grain and vegetables. The products will be disposed of in the local market. The Great Northern Railway traverses the irrigable portion of the reservation. These Indians live almost entirely on their grazing allotments and along the streams and lakes. They are natural herdsmen, and some of them are now owners of many horses and cattle. Nature has endowed their environments for stock purposes with an abundance of water, grass, and natural protection against winters, as the reservation is broken and afCords good winter range for stock. It appears that there are about 123,000 acres of irrigable land on the reservation, 78,000 acres of which are unallotted. The larger part of the land that is subject to irrigation lies east of the meridian between ranges 7 and 8, and is in the district that these people propose to have opened to settlement, thus retaining the best part of their grazing land In order that they may pursue the only industry that they know and the principal Industry that is now practiced by those In this section of the country, namely, the stock industry. The Blackfeet Reservation has been in the past wholly a stock-raising country, and probably the greater portion should remain the same in the future. It Is believed to be higlily essential that the Indian retain possession of his irrigable land and be permitted to lease, if he so desires, in order that the water right to the land may be perfected by beneficial use. It is not believed that this locality will at any time In the near future become an entirely successful coun- try for diversified farming, either dry land or irrigated; but it is believed that In any ordioary season, a fairly good crop of hay may be grown on the irrigable land covered by the constructed and proposed irrigation systems. 184 INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. For these reasons it does not appear desirable to expend large sums to secure early completion of this irrigation system, and it Is believed that the amount estimated is the proper amount to continue construction with reasonable dili- gence, so that any contest over the water rights may be supported by proof of reasonable diligence in the construction of the works. LEGISLATION AUTHORIZING PUKCHASE AND MAINTENANCE OF PASSENGER-CARRYING VEHICLES ON THE BLACKFEET, FLATHEAD, AND FORT PECK RESERVATIONS, IN MONTANA. The use of passenger-carrying vehicles on the three projects named is neces- sary for the proper and economical conduct of the work of construction and maintenance of the system. The vehicles to be used, however, will be used by employees of the Reclamation Service and not by employees of the Indian Service, so that the authority for the expenditure of money from the applicable appropriations for the use of employees of the Indian Service would not, it is believed, authorize the use of such vehicles by employees of the Reclamation Service, even though the work be done for the Indian reservation. This work is done by employees of the Reclamation Service in pursuance of a provision in the act of Blay 18, 1916 (39 Stat. L., 139), authorizing the work to be done by the Reclamation Service upon plans and estimates approved by the Commis- sioner of Indian Affairs. This legislation is necessary, therefore, in view of the provisions of the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915 (38 Stat. L., .508), prohibiting the expendi- ture of any sum for such objects unless same is specifically authorized by law. You -will notice that we are only asking for $25,000 for that project. That is merely sufficient to keep up the project without any new con- struction work, except small laterals. The Chairman. It is the same sum as you had last year ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Norton. Just one question, Mr. Meritt. With regard to that amount unexpended, is that the amount unexpended up to October, $105,000? Mr. Meritt. On the Flathead Eeservation ? Mr. Norton. Yes. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Norton. There was appropriated to be used during 1917, $750,000. Do you mean to say that there is only $105,000 of that left? Mr. Meritt. No, sir ; that is the unexpended balance of the appro- priation of the prior year. We have no figures on the amount of the appropriation unexpended for the current year. Mr. Norton. Yes ; I see. Mr. Meritt. From July 1, 1916, to July 1 of next year. Mr. Norton. Well, that is the amount unexpended at the end of the year, June 30, 1916, is it not? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. And these figures were made out from our books as of October 1. There may be some outstanding obligations against the appropriation for the past fiscal year. Mr. Norton. Yes ; that is for the fiscal year of 1916 and not for the fiscal year 1917 ? Mr. Meritt. For the fiscal year 1916. Mr. Campbell. That was my understanding. The Chairman. The unexpended balance does not go back to the Treasury. Mr. Meritt. No, sir. We are asking that it be made available until expended. And that is necessary, Mr. Chairman, on these INDIAN APPB.OPE.IATION BILL. 185 irrigation projects, because the construction work can not be kept in a fiscal year with economy. The Chairman. Is it not a fact that if you let your teams and men go it is hard to re-collect them and start them again ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. In other words you want to keep it a going con- cern until the project is completed? ^ Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. The proviso in connection with these irrigation projects reads: That not to exceed $34,000 of applicable appropriations made for the Flat- head, Blackfeet, and Fort Peck irrigation projects shall be available for the maintenance, repair, and operation of motor-propelled and horse-drawn passen- ger-carrying vehicles for official use upon the aforesaid irrigation projects : Provided further, That not to exceed $9,000 may be used for the purchase of horse-dravcn passenger-carrying vehicles, and that not to exceed $2,000 may be used for the purchase of motor-propelled passenger-carrying vehicles. Mr. Meeitt.'. That is not a specific appropriation, but simply au- thority to use out of the appropriation for these three projects the amounts named for the purposes therein stated. The Chairman. The bill provides in other places for purchase of motor-propelled vehicles; it authorizes a certain amount for that very same purpose. Now, why should we have two provisions of the same kind in the bill, one in connection with the appropriation for irrigation and the other in the other part of the bill ? Mr. Meeitt. For the reason, Mr. Chairman, that these are reim- bursable enterprises, and the Indians and the white land owners will be required to reimburse the Government for the money expended on those projects, and besides they are three separate and distinct projects and we feel that the appropriation for that purpose should come out of those three projects. The Chairman. Then with reference to that item the general appropriation is not reimbursable, that you use for the purpose of supplying these automobiles and carriages, etc. — that is not reim- bursable f Mr. Meritt. That is correct. The Chairman. But this will be reimbursable out of the funds of a certain tribe? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. And that is the reason why you have the two separate items? , ^ .^i • i • Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; and the further reason that this work is being done by the Eeclamation Service, and it is better for the two reasons to have specific authority to use those funds for the purposes The Chairman. Yes; I understand that, but I wanted it to go into the record. The next item is as follows : ^Fr 11 For support and education of 400 Indian pupils at the Indian school at Genoa 'Nebr!, including pay of superintendent, $68,800; for general repairs and imDrovements, $7,500; for addition to hospital, $2,500; for employees' quar- ters $7 120 for purchase and erection of steel water tank, $2,400 ; in all, $88,320. 186 INDIAN APPKOPBIATION BILL. Mr. Mekitt. I offer for the record the following justification: Indian School, Genoa, Nebr. Fiscal yeiu- ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $68 , 800.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 60, 000. 00 Amount expended 59. 354. 42 Unexpended balance 645. 58 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 28, 060. 48 Transportation of supplies 797. 12 Telegraph and telephone service 33. 00 Subsistence supplies 13, 010. 74 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 7, 215. 16 Forage 511.25 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 4,063.93 Educational, stationery, and office supplies -, 413. 04 Medical supplies 504. 74 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 507. 27 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 4, 063. 72 Miscellaneous 173. 97 59, 354. 42 BEPAIES AND IMPROVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated 1— $5, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 4, 500. 00 Amount expended 4, 374. 82 Unexpended balance ' 125. IS Analysis of expenditures : Repairs (to plant) 4,374.82 Statistical statement for year ending June 30, 1916. Value of school plant, real property $260, 120 Number of buildings . 40 Number of employees 42 Total salaries ,$28, 830 Average attendance of pupils 371 Average enrollment 375 Capacity 400 Cost per capita, based on average enrollment ^ $152 Cost per capita, based on average attendance ^ ,$155 Area of school land (acres) 320 Area of school land (acres cultivated) 262 Value of products of school, harness shop, and sewing room ^ $4, 948 Value of agricultural products " $8, 147 There were also used miscellaneous receipts, Class IV, $5,603. 1 This Is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged against the appropriation. 1 The per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year In compliance with the acts of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70-72), and the act approved Sept. 7, 1916 (Public, No. 264, 64th Cong.). ^ Amount given includes both materials and labor of employees and pupils. * Amount given includes products from farm, garden, dairy, and stock. INOIAN AP.PB0-PK.IATK)K iBILU 187 SUPEEINTEKDENT'S ESTMATE OE absolute needs JFOE 191&. Sujpport . Repairs and improvements - iNew biaildings , Purchase additional lan(J — $68, 800 7,500 18, 700 41, eOO' Total 136, 600 Indian School, Genoa, Nebr., 1918: Support and education of 40G Indian pupils and superintendent's salary 68,800 Repairs and improvements 7, 500' New Imdldlngs 12, 020 Total . 88, 320 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent $2, 000 (Jlerk . 1, 000 Assistant clerk 780 Do 600 Do 600 . Physician- 660 Disciplinarian 840 Principal teacher 1, 100 Teacher 780 Do Do Do Do Do Do Matron Assistant matron Do Do Do Teacher of housekeeping- Nurse . 750 660 600 600 600 600 840 600 600 540 540 720 720 Seamstress Assistant seamstress Laundress . Baker Cook Assistant cook __ Farmer i — Carpenter Tailor Shoe and harness maker- Blacksmith I Gardener _' Dairyman Engineer Assistant engineer Laborer Assistant Do Do Do 600^ 300 500 540 600- 500 900' 780 900 780- 780 600 780 1, 000 720 720 800 800 300 300 Total ^ $28, 980 This is the only Government Indian school in Nebraska. It is an old plant, some of the buildings being 45 years old. During the past 10 years the capacity of the school has nearly doubled, but the repair fund has not increased according to the number of buildings. The buildings comprising the school plant, including heat, light, water, and sewer systems, are valued at $207,000. The $7,500 which is requested for repairs and improvements is slightly less than 3f per cent of the value of the plant On an insufficient appropriation for repairs and improvements the buildings are reported to be deteriorating. The girls' building, particularly, is in very poor condition, and plastering and new floors, etc., are required. Five of the old cottages occupied by employees- with families need new roofs and Inside repair work. . . , , 4.1, /^ tt^„ Some two years ago an appropriation to repair and enlarge the Genoa Hos- pital was made. However, a kitchen and dining room are required, besides tlie improvements made at that time. At present, there is not sufficientroom and, moreover, the kitchen is so located that it makes the room above it and two rooms adjoining it unsuitable for rooms for patients. Two thousand five hun- dred dollars will be required for the work contemplated. There are no suitable quarters at the school for the following employees: The head clerk and familv, farmer and family, and the principal teacher and familv The school can not secure the services of a resident physician until Rrritflhlp ouarters are provided. At present the employees mentioned, with their fammes Tre ■oceupytng two small rooms each. It is estimated $7,120 will pro- vide quarters needed for married employees. The wooden water tank at the school is in very bad condition, and it is doubtful ii it will last throughout the year. A steel water tank is urgently needed and will cost about $2,400. 188 INDIAN APPBOPHIATION BILL. You will observe that we are asking for $88,320 for that school ior this year, and the current Indian appropriation act carried $91,100. We are asking for an addition to hospital, $2,500 ; for employees' quarters, $7,120 ; for purchase and erection of steel water tank, $2,400. Those improvements are very much needed at that school. The superintendent also asks for an appropriation of about $40,000 for the purchase of 320 acres of land adjoining the schdol ground. 'We recognize the almost urgent need of land for that school, but in order to keep the appropriations down, we did not include it in our (estimates. However, if Congress sees fit to give the school the appro- priation requested by the superintendent, it can be used to advantage. You will note that we ask for an increase of $1,000 for general repairs ; we are asking for a total of $7,500 for that purpose. The Chairmak. The next item is : Sec. 12. For support and civilization of Indians in Nevada, including pay of 'employees, $18,500. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification : Support of Indians in Nevada. I'Iscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $18, 500. 00 J'lscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 18, 500. 00 Amount 'expended 17, 990. 14 Unexpended balance 509. 86 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 7, 054. 91 Traveling expenses : 278. 32 Transportation of supplies 1, 039. 74 Telegraph and telephone service 78. 09 Subsistence supplies 2, 622. 06 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 34. 80 Forage 873.45 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 1, 384. 80 Educational, stationery, and office supplies : 28. 75 Medical supplies 822. 66 Live stock 400. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 017. 33 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 1, 074. 58 Rent 460.00 Miscellaneous 820.65 Total 17, 990. 14 In the State of Nevada there are nearly 8,000 Indians, of which number 2,819 are under the jurisdiction of six superintendents. For the Indians under these six superintendents there are reservations or tracts of land. For the 5,000 Indians or more under a special agent, with headquarters at Reno, Nev., there is no land except such as is to be purchased under the $15,000 appro- priation contained in the Indian act for this fiscal year, and such homesteads as the Indians may have acquired, and which, it appears, are worthless for agricultural purposes. Water is the all essential for cultivation of crops and stock raising, and items for the irrigation system are also included. The total Income of the Indians in that State for 1915 was $266(223, of which more than half was obtained by day labor. The value of the crops was but $66,366, and the value of the stock sold $23,594. The Indians cultivated onlv about 10,000 acres, and this was done by 777 Indians. But $150 was received from the leasing of land for agricultural purposes and $4,755 for grazing pur- INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 189> poses. There has been a gradual increase both in the number of persons engaged in agriculture as well as the acreage. It will be necessary, under the circumstances, to continue the supervision of the affairs of these Indians, to furnish many with rations, to supply equipment in many instances, in order that the Indians may start or continue their activities. That is the same as is carried in the current Indian appropriation act. The Chaieman. The next item is — For support and education of 300 Indian pupils at the Indian school at Carson City, Nov., including pay of superintendent, $52,100 ; for general repairs and improvements, $10,000; for additions to dormitories, $30,000; for new dairy barn and equipment, $5,000; for purchase of live stock, $2,000; in alL $99,100. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification : Indian school, Carson City, Nev. Fiscal year ending June 80, 1917 : Aifiount appropriated $50, 430. 00' Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 41, 700. 00- Amount expended 40, 513. 64 Unexpended balance 1, 186. 36- Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages , 18, 177. 05 Traveling expenses . 240. 30 Heat, light, and power (service) , 683.88 Telegraph and telephone service 77. 82' Printing, binding, and advertising 8. 50 Subsistence supplies , 7, 901. 44 Dry gods, wearing apparel, etc ^ 4, 202. 78 Forage 928.01 Fuel, illuminants. lubricants,, etc • 2,334.06 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 761. 80 Medical supplies 337. 94 Live stock 350. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 062. 68 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 3, 125. 06 Miscellaneous 322.32 Total 40, 513. 64 KEPAIES AND IMPEOVBMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $8, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 8, 000. 00' Amount expended 7, 426. 08' Unexpended balance 573. 92 Analysis of expenditures : Construction 808. 70 Repairs (to plant) 6, 617. '38 Total 7, 426. 08 1^90 INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. Statistical statment for year ending June 30, 1916. Value of school plant— real property ^105, 665 Number of buildings °" Number of employees „ J^ Total salaries 'p-^'' '^ Average attendance of pupils |°» Average enrollment ■ ^ ^'^ ■Capacity , i^^.^ Cost per capita based on average enrollment *J-*i Cost per capita based on average attendance i^l4d Area of school land (acres) °°^ Area of school land (acres cultivated) w Value of products of school . jA Aoa Value of agricultural products — ,— — ^\ti% Expended also of miscellaneous receipts, Class IV i|>o^o Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1918: Support ?52, 100 Repairs and improvements ^"> """ New buildings ^°' """ Purchase of dairy cattle A""" Total 99' 100 REQUESTED IN PROPOSED BILL. Support and education of 300 Indian pupils and superintendent's salary *S2' ■'■OO Repairs and improvements 10, 000 New buildings 35, 000 Purchase of live stock 2,000 Total 99. 100 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent $2, 000 Clerls 1, 000 Assistant clerk . 600 Disciplinarian 800 Bandleader 720 Principal 1, 000 Teacher- Do Do Do Kindergartner Matron Assistant matron__^_ Do Do Assistant 800 600 600 600 690 720 500 500 480 300 Housekeeper Assistant Nurse Seamstress Laundress Baker Cook Farmer Carpenter Shoe and harness maker- Engineer Laborer Do Assistant 300 720 540 520 500 600 900 720 660 800 600 600 300 20, 330 The support fund of this school is increased from $50,430 in 1917 to $52,100 in 1918, an increase of $1,670, to provide for the support and education of 10 additional pupils. The fund for general repairs and improvements is increased from $8,000 in 1917 to $10,000 in 1918, to meet urgent needs. Many of the buildings are very old and in a dilapidated condition. Two of the cottages used as employees' quarters were built in 1859 and 1876, respectively. The main building was con- structed in 1890, and several of the important buildings were completed between 1 The per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year, in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Sept. 7, 1916, Public, No. 264, Sixty-fourth Congress. ' Besides this, 30 acres are used for pasture. ^ This includes both materials and labor of employees and pupils. 'This includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 191 1890 to 1894. The school plant has therefore been in use for many years and requires constant care at increased expense. The heating system requires new boilers, radiators, conduits, etc. An addition to the domestic-science cottage is necessary ; also additional quarters for employees. The advanced cost of all classes of building materials and labor and the extensive general repairs re- quired necessitate the increased estimate. A very large Indian population in the locality is without school facilities ; to meet this need it is desired to increase the capacity of the dormitories and the sum of $30,000 is estimated for this purpose. Provision has been made for irrigation of the school farm and the school will provide thorough instruction in farming much of certain classes of subsistence supplies including dairy products. A dairy barn is a necessity, and is esti- mated for in the sum of $5,000. The required dairy cattle are asked in the estimate of $2,000 for the purchase of live stock. That is an increase of over $30,000 for that school. The current Indian appropriation act carries an appropriation of $62,430. These improvements are very much needed at that school. We are not able to take care of all of the children in Nevada with the present school facilities, and we have a very energetic superintendent, who is trying to btiild up that school to a proper standard, and we would like very much to have these improvements which are requested. The Chairman. I see that you have raised the number of pupils from 290 to 300 in that school. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. How many Indian children have you there now in daily attendance? I would like to know the necessity for this increase. What is the present enrollment? Mr. Meritt. They have an enrollment there of 273. The Chairman. Well, you are entitled to 290. Now, what ex- planation have you for wanting the number raised to 300 ? Mr. Meritt. We have made certain repairs at that school which will enable us to increase the capacity. The Chairman. You want to increase it only 10. Would the in- creased benefit be sufficient to justify the increase of .appropriation? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. All right. The next item is — For the improvement, enlargement, and extension of the irrigation diversion and distribution system to Irrigate approximately 3,300 acres of Indian land on the Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nev., $30,000, reimbursable from any funds of said Indians now or hereafter available, and to remain available until ex- pended : Provided, That the cost of said entire work shall not exceed $85,000. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Irrigation, Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nev. (reimhursaUe) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $30, 000 Fiscal year ended .Tune 30, 1916, no appropiration. Pyramid Lake Reservation projects $30,000 Indian tribe, Pah-tJte. Number of Indians, 609. Area of reservation, 322,000 acres. Area at present irrigated (attempted), 1,000 acres. Area at present irrigable, 600 acres. Area at present farmed by Indians, 1,000 acres. Area at present farmed by lessees, acres. Area at present farmed by white owners, acres. Area of whole project, 3,300 acres. 192 INDIAN APPKOPEIATION BILL. Cost of iiTigation construction to June 30, 1915, $43,766.77. Cost of Irrigation maintenance to June 30, 1915 (largely maintenance). Estimated additional cost of completed project, $25,000. Estimated total cost of completed project, $38.50 per acre. Averave annual rainfall, 5 inches. Source of water supply, Truckee River. Market for crops (good), local. Distance from railway, 1 mile. Pyramid Lake Reservation, requested for 1918 $30, 000 The funds here requested are for the continuation of the construction of the irrigation project which will supply 3,300 acres, authorized in the Indian act for 1917. The Indians of this reservation number 609, and at present they are attempting to farm nearly 1,000 acres, but their irrigation system is very poor, and frequently the water supply Is temporarily lost, due to the failure of some of the structures of the canals. From the funds now available is being built a permanent concrete diversion dam in the Truckee River, from which the water supply is drawn, and the additional amount here asked is needed to initiate the construction of the distributing system which will eventually supply the whole territory of this project. It. is absolutely essential to the prosperity of these Indians that they be supplied with a properly constructed Irrigation sys- tem, and during the past two years large amounts have been spent each year in attempting to maintain the makeshifts at present in use. The Indians of this reservation are comparatively industrious, and no doubt advantage will be taken by them of any facilities for increasing the irrigable area. That is the same amount as appropriated in the current Indian appropriation act. The Chairman. We now come to New Mexico. The next item is : NEW MEXICO. Sec. 13. For support and education of four hundred and fifty Indian pupils at the Indian school at Albuquerque, New Mexico, and for pay of superintendent, $77,400; for general repairs and Improvements, $8,000; for addition to mess hall, $8,050 ; for purchase of dairy cows, $2,000 ; In all, $95,450. Mr. Mehitt. We offer for the record the following justification : Indian soliool, Albuquerque, N. Mex. Fiscal year ending .lune 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $77, 400. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 68, 600. 00 Amount expended 68, 425. 92 Unexpended balance ^ 174. 08 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 27,508.01 Transportation of supplies.- 2. 81 Heat, light, and power (service) 1,378.98 Telegraph and telephone service 83. 45 Printing, binding, and advertising.: 7. go Subsistence supplies 16, 727. 80 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc si 783. 64 Forage , 1 3', 140! 05 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 4, 175. 19 Educational, stationery, and ofllce supplies l' 096. 13 Medical supplies ' 448, 28 Live stock ; 400. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 723.00 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 3_ 722. 28 Miscellaneous ^ ' 223! 80 68, 425. 92 iThis is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be chareed against the appropriation. * INDIAK APPROPRIATIOK BILL. 193 Indian school, Alhuquerque, N. Mex. — Repairs and improvements. Jiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $8, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated '. 5, OOO. 00 Amount expended 5_ 000. 69 Overdrawn . 69 Analysis of expenditures: Repairs to plant 5,000.69 ALBUQUERQUE. Statistical statement for year ending June 30, 1016. ■ Value of scliool plant, real property $262, 030 Number of buildings 37 Number of emplo.vees 42 Total salaries $28, 630 Average attendance of pupils 424 Average enrollment 438 Capacity 400 Cost per capita, based on average enrollment M51 Cost per capita, based on average attendance $156 Area of school land (acres) 72 Area of school land' (acres cultivated) 37 Value of products of school (including both materials and labor of em- ployees and school pupils) $6, 406 Value of agricultural products (including products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stocls;) $8,113 Expended from " Miscellaneous receipts, Class IV," $332 SUPEEINTENDENt'S estimate or absolute needs foe 1018. Support .$77, 400 Repairs and improvements S, OOO New buildings 18,000 For dairy cows 2, 000 Total 105,400 AMOUNT REQUESTED IN PROPOSED BILL. Support and education of 4.50 Indian pupils and superintendent's salary $77, 400 Repairs and improvements 8, 000 New buildings (addition to mess hall) 8, 0.50 For purchase of dairy cows 2, 000 Total 95, 450 Salaries, 1911. Superintendent ?2, 250 Clerk 1. 200 Assistant clerk 900 Disciplinarian and physical di- rector 1. 000 Band master and assistant clerk 720 Principal 1. 200 Teacher. 780 Teacher $750 Do 750 , Do 600 Do 660 Do 600 Do 630 Kindergartner 810 Domestic science teacher 600 Matron 720 I ThP Tipr caDita cost Is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year m complirnce with tie act of Apr.'^SO, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Sept. 7, 1916 (Public No. 264, 64th Cong.). 71486—16 13 194 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Assistant matron i __ $600 Superintendent of Industries- $1, 000 JDo 540 Shoe and harness maker 600 Do 300 Blacksmith and wheelright 840 Nurse 720 Gardner- 780 Seamstress 600 Engineer 720 Assistant seamstress 480 Assistant - — ' — 180 Laundx'ess 600 Do 180 Tailor 720 Do 180 Baker 540 Do 180 Cook 600 Laborer 720 Assistant cook 480 Do 480 Farmer 900 Assistant 150 Carpenter 900 Do 150 Teacher of Agriculture and dairyman ._ 1, 000 Total 29, 310 The capacity of this school has recently been increased from 400 to 450 to meet the applications for attendance in that section of the country. Deducting the salary of the superintendent, .$2,250, from the .$77,400 asked for support and education, the per capita cost for pupils will be $167, which is $33 per capita less than the maximum cost provided by law. The $8,000 requested for repairs and improvements is tbe same as was appropriated last year, and is 3i per cent of $240,000, the value of the buildings. This is a low rate, and covers also repairs to heating, lighting, and sewer , systems. The building housing the pupils' mess hall and kitchen was erected 10 years t'go, since which time the attendance hag increased 50 per cent, and the building is now proportionately inadequate. An addition is much, needed, for which $8,050 is requested as a conservative estimate, in order to give the pupils suffi- cient and sanitary accommodations. This school has had a dairy herd too small and too inferior for the needs of pupils. Its farm has been too small for maintaining a proper herd. But pro- vision has been made for purchasing additional land during the present year, which will provide support for an adequate herd,' and $2,000 is asked for the purchase of good dairy stock. Albuquerque has become one of the leading nonres Tvation schools, is under the management of an experienced superintendent, ht ? been in the past among those showing a low cost for maintenance, and is now designated to give the complete academic and industrial work outlined in the adopted course of study. There are some 8,000 pueblos in New Mexico, and a total population there of 21,000 Indians. This school is well located for tbeir betterment, and should be maintained for some time to come. The current Indian appropriation act carries $97,100 for that school, and we are asking for the next vear $95,450, a reduction of nearly $3,000. The Chairman. That is very commendable. Mr. Meritt. You will notice that we are asking for an addition to mess hall, $8,050, and for purchase of cows for dairy, $2,000. The Chairman. The next item is : For support and education of four hundred Indian pupils at the Indian school at Santa Fe, New Mexico, and for pay of superintendent, $69,050; for general repairs and improvements, $8,000 ; for water supply, $1,600 ; in all, $78,650. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Indian school, Santa Fe, N. Mex. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated ,$.59, 550. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated gl i^q qO Amount expended q^ ;I^22 42 Unexpended balance . 27.58 INDIAN APPBOPKIATION BILL. 195 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages___ $25, 775. 56 Traveling expenses : 17. 00 Transportation of supplies 25. 35 Heat, light, and power (service) 865.02 Telegraph and telephone service 145.68 Printing, binding, and advertising 15.00 Subsistence supplies 13, 824. 18 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 7,415.63 Forage 2, 486. 13 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 6, 257. 80 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 495. 66 Medical supplies 195. 36 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc ; 544. 17 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 2, 783. 52 Miscellaneous 276. 36 Total J 61, 122. 42 EEPAIKS AND IMPROVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $6, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 6, 000. 00 Amount expended 5, 903. 33 Unexpended balance 96. 67 Analysis of expenditures : Construction 1, 665. 75 Repairs (to plant) 4,237.58 Total 5, 903. 33 Statistical statement fw year ending June 30, 1916. "Value of school plant, real property $191, 873 Number of buildings 31 Number of employees 39 Total salaries $25, 870 , Average attendance of pupils 378 Average enrollment , 384 Capacity 350 Cost per capita based on average enrollment '$153 Cost 'per capita, based on average attendance $156 Area of school land (acres) 106 Area of school land (acres cultivated) ^46 Value of products of school ' $2, 856 Value of agricultural products ■'$3,601 Expended also of miscellaneous receipts. Class IV 1- 591 superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1918. Support $70,650 Repairs and improvements 10, 000 New buildings Total J 80. 650 1 The oer capita cost Is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Sept 7, 1916 500 Total 54, 875 AMOUNT REQUESTED IN THE PROPOSED BILI,. Support and education of 125 Indian pupils and superintendent's salary ■ 22, 475 Repairs and improvements 6,000 New buildings (employees' quarters and new dining room and kitchen) 25, 000 Total 53, 475 SALARIES, 1917. Laundress $480 Cook 500 Industrial teacher 720 Engineer 720 Assistant 300 Total 7, 920 Superintendent $li 600 Assistant clerk 600 Physician 400 Teacher 600 Do 600 Matron , 600 Assistant matron 300 Seamstress 500 For the Bismarck School $22,475 is requested for support and education of 125 pupils, including $1,600 as salary of the superintendent, which will not 1 this is not a final balkn'ce, as thet'i mky be outstaildli'g oBli'gfttl'ons' yet to be cBai-ged ''^fThe ner SSta'^colt'is now compnted upon the average enrollment for the entire year in compnSce with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stats. L., 70-72), and the act approved 2 This includes 122 acres of pasture land. 206 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. exceed a per capita cost for pupils of $167 per annum. This school in recent years has been much crowded beyond its capacity, and the records show that provision for 125 should be made. An appropriation of $30,000 made last year for a new boys' dormitory will greatly relieve the situation, but there are other pressing needs. The school plant requires extensive repairs. Toilets and bathrooms should be placed in the old dormitory, new heaters installed in two buildings, a dry room added to the laundry, and many minor repairs. Six thousand dollars is asked for these purposes and can be economically expended upon the plant. With provision now under way for an increased attendance, a new building for a dining room and kitchen will be a necessity. The present dining room and kitchen are in the girls' dormitory and will be wholly inade- quate ; besides, this location is for various reasons objectionable. There should be a separate building, and $15,000 is requested for its construction. There is also requested $10,000 for providing suitable quarters for employees, whose present accommodations are extremely insufficient, one teacher being quartered in a book closet, another employee has been sleeping in the jail, and a married emplovee with his wife and child has been occupying a single room 9 by 15 feet. This is a nonreservation school situated between the Fort Berthold and Standing Rock Reservations, the latter having no boarding school, and is the natural and convenient location for such pupils from these reservations as are without local school facilities. The current Indian appropriation bill carries $56,lT5 for that school. These new improvements are very much needed. Mr. Norton. You had -a dormitory last year, for which $30,000 was appropriated. Can you state what has been done toward the- building of that dormitory ? Mr. Meritt. We have the plans worked out and will begin the building immediately — in the early spring. We hoped to get started on that before now, but there were one or two other building projects that Ave had to work out; but we will get the dormitory completed by the beginning of the next fiscal year. Mr. Norton. Are the plans of the same character of those of the original buildings? Mr. Meritt. Those buildings were constructed a great many years ago, and, of course, the buildings we put up now will be modern structures. It has been carefully gone over by our construction people, and I think Ave haA-e Avorked out plans that Avill be very acceptable. Mr. Norton. The appropriation here for repairs is partly for the purpose of remodeling that old building, is it not ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Norton. It certainly needs to be remodeled. Let me make a further inquiry regarding North Dakota. What has been done toward looking into the matter of providing more rooms for the Indians at the Fort Yates school? Have you any report in regard to the school buildings there? Mr. Meritt. Those buildings are supported out of the general school support fund— the lump fund of $1,500,000— and I will have that matter looked up at the office. Mr. Norton. They have a set of old buildings there that are regular fire traps. I think the buildings were made from old lumber from the Army post. The Chairman. The next item is — For support and education of 400 Indian pupils at Fort Totten Indian school, Port Touen, In'. Dak., and for pay of superintendent, $68,800; for general repairs and improvements, $7,000 ; for construction and equipment, gymnasium building, INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 207 Mr. Meeitt. W6 offer for the record the following justification : Indian school, Fort Totten, N. Dale. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $68,500.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 68, 500. 00 Amount expended 68^ 404^ 03 Unexpended balance '95.97 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 26, 575. 61 Traveling expenses ' 99. 90 Transportation of supplies 3, 904. 74 Telegraph and telephone service ' I6I. 91 Subsistence supplies 12, 178. 71 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc j] 919. 63 Forage 546.00 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 6, 615. 06 Educational, stationery, and office supplies . 727. 40 Medical supplies 159. 07 Live stock ' 1, 325. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 3, 273. 88 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 4, 344. 51 Miscellaneous 572. 61 68, 404. 03 REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June .30, 1917, amount appropriated 5,. 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated . 6, 000. 00 Amount expended 5, 581. 98 Unexpended balance 1 ''418. 02 Analysis of expenditures : Repairs (to plant) _• 5,581.98 Statistical statement for year ending June 30, 1916. Value of school plant, real property $143, 080 Number of buildings 35 Number of employees 46 Total salaries $27, 700 Average attendance of pupils 286 Average enrollment 334 Capacity 323 Cost per capita based on average enrollment ^ $198 Cost per capita based on average attendance ^ $232 Area of school land (acres) '1,560 Area of school land (acres cultivated) 300 Value of products of school (including both materials and labor of employees and school pupils) , $971 Value of agricultural products (including products from farm, gar- den, floriculture, dairy, and stock) $3,381 Expended from miscellaneous receipts, class IV $1,683 1 This is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged ^^2Thls*fs^n(rt^a°§S*t)alknee, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged ^^zThl ner ^caoita'^'cost^is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year in ^comphlnoe with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70-72), and the act annroved Sept 7, 1916, Public No. 264, Sixty-fourth Congress. » Of this area 580 acres are used for pasture and 320 for other purposes than culti- vation. 208 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. SUPEEINTENDENT'S estimate of ABSOLtTTB NEEDS TOK 1018. Support .___ $68,500 Repairs and improvements 6, 000 New buildings 25, 000 Total ,- 99, 500 AMOUNT KEQUESTED IN PROPOSED BILL. Support and education of 400 Indian pupils and superintendent's salary. 68, 800 Repairs and improvements 7,000 New building (gymnasium) 25,000 Total ^ 100, 800 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent $2, 000 Clerk 1, 000 Assistant clerk 720 Disciplinarian 720 Principal 1, 200 Teacher 690 Do 660 Do 630 Do 600 Do _• 1 600 Teacfier of housekeeping ($72 per month) 720 Matron 1 660 Assistant matron 500 Do 500 Nurse 720 Seamstress 500 Assistant seamstress 300 Laundress 500 Assistant laundress Baker Cook Farmer Carpenter Assistant carpenter Tailor Shoe and harness maker. Painter Engineer Assistant engineer Do : Do Assistant Do Laborer Do $300 500 660 720 800 300 660 900 680 900 300 300 300 600 240 600 480 Total ^ 22, 460 GKEY NUN S DEPARTMENT. Principal teacher . Teacher Assistant teacher.. Matron AssLstant matron- Seamstress 530 510 500 400 400 Laundress Assistant laundress . Cook Laborer 240 400 520 Total 4, 580 The amount of $68,800 requested for support and education at the Fort Totten School will provide for the salary of the superintendent and for an annual per capita expense of 400 pupils of $167, which. is $33 less than the per capita cost allowed by law, and will be fully needed in the far northern location of this school. Seven thousand dollars is asked for repairs and improvements, which is a little less than 5 per cent of the value of the school plant. Many of the buildings, numbering 35 in all, were a part of the old Army post and have arrived at an age where their up-keep is expensive. There is special need for this appropriation for the reason that a severe windstorm damaged the property during the past summer, creating an emergency for repairs which had to be made from the regular appropriation for 1917, and the consequent post- ponement of other repairs in contemplation. These facts were reported sub- sequent to the regular advance estimates by the superintendent. Twenty-five thousand dollars is requested for the construction of a gymnasium in order to afford the pupils proper and healthful exercise in this northern latitude where the winters are long and severe and preclude outdoor exercise during much of the year. It should be stated that the average enrollment and attendance at this school for the year ending June 30, 1916, is unusually low for the reason that the superintendent found it necessary to close the school on June 9, and furlough all employees except those actually necessary to carry on the work connected INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 209 with the, plant. This the superintendent reported was owing to the long and severe winter requiring extraordinary consumption of fuel and various articles of subsistence and rendering the step taken necessary to avoid a deficit in his support funds. I might say, in connection with that Bismarck school, Mr. Chair- man, that we are asking for a small increase of $300 for support of that school, including pay of superintendent. We have recently transferred the old superintendent, who was getting $1,200 a year, to another position, and have transferred to that school a man who is getting a salary of $1,600, so that accounts for the small increase in the support item. The Chairman. The next item is — For support and education of 220 Indian pupils at. the Indian School, Wahpe- ton, N. Dak., and pay of superintendent, $38,540; for general repairs and im- provements, $5,000 ; for assembly hall, $10,000 ; for employees' cottages, $7,000 : in all, $60,540. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for the record the following justification. Indian School, Wahpeton, N. Dak. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $88, 540. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated " 35, 200. 00 Amount expended 35, 145. 26 Unexpended balance ' 54. 74 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 15, 591. 21 Traveling expenses 24. 82 Transportation of supplies . 37 Heat, light, and power (service) 795.10 Telegraph and telephone service 56. 98 Printing, binding, and advertising 15. 25 Subsistence supplies 7, 013. 03 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 4, 811. 96 Forage 208.25 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 3, 356. 68 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 477. 07 Medical supplies ' 158. 20 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc ' 419. 53 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 1, 973. 05 Miscellaneous 243.76 35, 145. 26 EEPAIES AND IMPKOVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $5, O OP Fiscal Jrear ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 3, 000. 00 Amount expended 2, 573. 77 Unexpended balance f??!^' Analysis of expenditures: ^ Repairs (to plant) 2, o73. i7 I This is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged against the appropriation. 71486—16 14 210 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Statistical statement for year ending June 30, 1916. Value of school plant, real property $11)5, 75p Number of buildings 20 Number of employees 23 Total salaries $15, 730 Average attendance of pupils l6s Average enrollment 187 Capacity 200 Cost per capita, based on average em'ollment ^ '$178 Cost per capita, based on average attendance . $199 Area of school land (acres) 18tl Area of school land (acres cultivated) , , 154 Value of products of school, carpenter shop, and sewing room ° $1, 215 Value of agricultural products -. ___ _ "$3,281 There were also used miscellaneous receipts, Class iV, $305. superintendent's ESTMATE of absolute needs FOK 1918. Support $40,440 Repairs and improvements- 5, 000 New buildings .; 15, 000 Total 60,440 amount requested in proposed bill. • Support and education of 220 Indian pupils at the Indian school, Wah- peton, N. Dak., and superintendent's salary 38, 540 Repairs and improvements 5, 000 New buildings : 17, 000 Total 60,540 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent $1, 800 Financial clerk 1, 200 Clerk 1, 100 Physician , 540 Disciplinarian 660 Principal teacher 880 Teacher . 660 Do 840 Matron j. 720 Assistant matron 540 Do 480 Nurse 720 Seamstress 500 Laundress Cook ^. Assistant cook Farmer Carpenter Engineer Shoe and harness maker_ Assistant Laborer Do $480 540 480 720 780 900 300 300 660 300 Total 16, 010 This is a nonreservation school located on 160 acres of land formerly within the Lake Traverse Indian Reservation, which was created for the benefit of the members of the Sisseton and Wahpeton Tribes. There is no remaining tribal land within the reservation other than that reserved for administrative purposes. All the pupils in the school have allotments, and practically all of them must make their living on the farm. For this reason industrial work along the line of agriculture must be emphasized. The school buildings at Wahpeton, including heat, water, light, and sewer systems, are valued at $175,950. Five thousand dollars Is requested for repairs and improvements, which is less than 3 per cent of the value of the buildings. iThe per capita cost is now computecl upon the average enrollment for the entire year, in compliance with the act of Aot. SO, 190S (;-!5 Stat. L., 70-72), ana the act approved Sept. 7, 1916 (Public, No. 264, 64th Cong.). 2 Amount given includes both materials and labor of employees and pupils. ' Amount given includes products from farm, garden, dairy, and stock. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 211 It as tslesired to remadel tlie old seliool building when the new one now being erected is co^aajpteted, to proyi,de an employees' kitclien and dining room, sewing room for girts, room for industrial display, storage room in basement, and quar- ters for two employees. The barns will need additional stanchions for (lairy •cows and the exterior woodwork of all buildings should be painted. Additional ■coal bins are required, and some changes in the gymnasium. During a recent storm great damage was done to the exterior of all buildings. The 1917 appropriation act contained an appropriation for a new school building at Wahpeton, but the amount appropriated did not permit a building with assembly hall. It is necessary that an assembly hall be provided at the school. At present all assemblies must be held in the gymnasium, which is not ■well adapted to the purpose and when so used can not be in use for the purpose for which it was erected. Ten thousand dollars will be required for the as- soinbly hall. There are two cottages at the school for use of employees, and tiKi-e are four employees with families. It is impossible to retain efficient employees under these circumstances, and the work of the school suffers. It is estimated $7,000 will provide much-needed employee's cottages. That is a decrease in the amount allowed last year. Mr. Campbell. Mr. Meritt, I have noted in the last six or eight years — in fact, ever since I have been on this committee — that in almost every school in North Dakota there is some sort of a build- ing to be constructed every year. Are the Indians increasing there constantly, or are they dying off as they are in other parts of the country ? Mr. Meeitt. We have quite a large number of Indians in North Dakota and an unusually large number of Indian schools in that State. The superintendents are rather aggressive, and they try to build up their schools so as to provide school facilities for all the Indian children of the State. The Chairman. The population is increasing very fast there, I suppose- Mr. Meeitt. The superintendents have earnestly urged that these improvements requested be made at these schools. Mr. Campbell. Well, is there any necessity for them ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; I think the money can be expended with profit to the two schools. Mr. Campbell. The question is not whether the money can be ex- pended with profit to the schools ; it is whether during these pinch- ing times we can get along without them. Mr. Meeitt. We have difficulty now in keeping employees at the Wahpeton school, because we have no cottages there for employees, and we have to crowd them into dormitories, and that seems to be an expenditure at that school this year that is urgent. They are also without a proper assembly hall there for the children, and a school of that capacity; should have a hall where all the children can assemble and have their meetings. MISSISSIPPI. The Chairman. Gentlemen, we will turn back to Mississippi, m order to accommodate Judge Venable, a Representative from that State, who is present. I believe you have some suggestions to make. Judge Venable? Mr. Venable. Yes, Mr. Chairman. 212 INDIAN APPKOPRIATION BILL. STATEMENT OF HON. WILLIAM W. VENABLE, A REPRESENT- ATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. Mr. Venable. Mr. Chairman, you will remember that under the Indian appropriation act passed at the last session of Congress the sum of $1,000 was appropriated to defray the expenses of an inves- tigation to be conducted by the Interior Department into the con- dition of the Mississippi Choctaws. The report was to be submitted to Congress on its convening at this time. I have just seen a copy of the report. There is no appropriation contained in the present biU. . The Chairman. No; that item has been stricken out. Last year there was an appropriation of $1,000; this year that has been stricken out, as the object of the appropriation — the investigation — has been completed. Mr. Venable. Yes, sir. I have during the last few minutes, for the first time, seen the report by the special supervisor who con- ducted the investigation made under that appropriation, which was made at the last session of Congress. The supervisor has very carefully investigated, it seems to me from his report, the condition of those Mississippi Choctaws; and permit me to state here that it appears that, very properly, his in- vestigation has been most largely confined to the pure-blood Choc- taws who live, as he found and as I know to be true from my per- sonal knowledge, within a radius of 50 miles of Union, Miss., which is in Newton County. The conclusions which he reaches he sums up under the head of " Conclusions," as follows : About the need of the real Indians in Mississippi for additional school facili- ties there can be no doubt. Those offered by the State are woefully inadequate, but as the State necessarily maintains a large number of white and colored schools, it is not seen how more could be expected in behalf of the Indians. This Is especially true in view of the small amount of Indian property subject to taxation. Again, the Indians are almost universally recognized as " wards of the Nation " and their education a national rather than a State problem. A majority of these Indian children are growing' up in absolute ignorance, without opportunities for educational advancement. A boarding school in their midst, where these children could be clothed, fed, and educated, would not only be of inestimable benefit to the Indian pupils themselves, but in a way would go far toward bettering the financial condition of the parents as well. A limited quantity of land per Individual, or at least sufficient for a home for each family,, would ultimately prove of great benefit to these people. A far greater need at this time, however, is not so much for additional land as there is for relief in the form of clothing and subsistence to keep many of these Indians from great suffering if not actual starvation. A man wondering where his next meal Is coming from is not actively interested in the ultimate acquisition of real estate. A few of these families are fairly well provided for, but with the majority of them the need is great. Of relief can be offered immediately it should be done. The Chairman. That is from the report Mr. Venable. I am reading from the report. The Chairman (continuing). To the Secretary of the Interior from this special agent who has investigated the conditions of the Mississippi Choctaws? Mr. Venable. Yes, sir ; that is a summary of his conclusions. Now,, this special supervisor tabulates the quantity of land owned by these Indians. Mr. Campbell. Does he state how many Indians there are? INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. 213 Mr. Venable. Well, I suppose he does, in the aggregate ; I did not add it up. The Chairman. He takes them by counties, does he not? Mr. Venable. Yes, sir; I judge there are 600 or 700. _^ The Chairman. Have they ever been under the supervision of the iJepartment of the Interior in any way? 'Mr. Venable. No, sir. The Chairman. Do they permit the Indians io go to school with the white childrein, in the ordinary country schools? Mr. Venable. No, sir; I know some of the counties have main- tained separate schools for the Indians, or tried to do so ; one or two of the counties do that now. These schools will only run three or four or maybe five months a year, with very poor teaching facilities and very poor buildings. As a matter of fact, it amounts practically to no school, as a great many of the country schools for white people do, in certain counties in Mississippi. The school facilities for those Indians are practically nothing, as a matter of fact. A few of the counties, where they can do so, maintain these Indian schools. The difficulty they have, however, in the maintenance of these schools is getting the Indians to send their children to school ; that is one of the great troubles. The conditions down there of these Indians is truly pitiful. I can speak of my own personal observa- tion and knowledge as to that. They are very suspicious of white people, especially of any stranger who may come in the community. That grows out of the fact that they have been defrauded and fleeced and deluded so often that they have absolutely lost faith in uny effort which may be made to help them. Mr. Campbell. What do they do? Mr. Venable. A few of them have a little bit of land, the poorest land in the country. They try to farm it without adequate facilities. They fish and hunt along the streams. They make baskets. They work by the day. In the fall of the year they pick cotton, doing odd johs from time to time. Mr. Campbell. In what respects do they differ from some of the very poor white people who are living in that same community, with regard to their opportunity for living comfortably and with regard to the education of their children ? Mr. Venable. They differ in this respect principally — the fact that they belong to a race of people that 100 or 200 years ago occu- pied a very primitive state of development. The condition of the Indian in Mississippi, like the condition of the Indian everywhere in the United States, in a sense is due to his— — Mr. Campbell (interposing). No; but I mean do they differ much in the character of houses they live in? Mr. Venable. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. And in attendance of their children at school, and so on? T . Mr. Venable. Oh, yes; because you take ordinarily the poor white man, and he exercises more thought, discretion, and energy; he makes better use of his opportunities. The Indian, because he is an Indian, does not do as well as the white man. They live in shacks, cabins which are totally inadequate to protect them from the weather. They are dying very rapidly from tuberculosis. In a few 214 INBIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. years, unless something is done, there will not be any Mississippi Choctaws living. That is a fact. . Now, what aggravates the situa,tion, particularly at this time, has been that there has been in a portion of Alabama and in this section of Mississippi where I live and where these Indians live — m south Mis- sissippi — there has been a total crop failure, such as has never hap- pened before in th§ history of the State; and there is absolotely nothing for these people to do, and there is nothing for them to sub- sist upon ; and the white people who ordinarily assist them in various wavs through charitable motives are totally unable to do so at this tinie, because hunger is staring a great many of those people in the face who are ordinarily considered as doing very well. The Chairman. Are those Indians taxed in any way by the State? Mr. Venable. If they have property, yes, they are taxed ; if they own land, they pay taxes on the land. Then there is a poll tax that is assessed against every adult male in the State; but, as a matter oi fact, these taxes are not collected. The Chairman. Well, are they not allowed to work on the roads, to work out their poll taxes, as is the case in some of the other south- ern States? Mr. Venable. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Are these Indians forced to work on the roads in that way ? Mr. Venable. No, sir. The Chairman. In other words, they are simply eliminated from everything of that kind ? Mr. Venable. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. Do they participate in the voting? Mr. Venable. No, sir; they are nearly all disqualified; they do not qualify. Mr. Campbell. They do not qualify ? Mr. Venable. Well, I do not say that that is universal ; I am speak- ing about the general conditions. The Chairman. Is there any difference between the full bloods and the half bloods? Mr. Venable. Well, these I am speaking of are all full bloods. There has been very little intermarriage of these people with either white people or negroes. There are seme few half-breeds, of Indian and negro blood. But this report from the supervisor is confined! almost exclusively to the full-blood Choctaws there in Mississippi. Now, this supervisor of the Interior Department who has made this report has stated that he was not reporting at this point on the so-called '' Mississippi Choctaw " claims to share in the Choctaw funds in the State of Oklahoma; they number probably hundreds; they are people who claim that they are descended from the original Choctaws; I do not know about them. They are practically white, as far as appearance goes ; but the supervisor is talking now, in this part of the report, of the Mississippi full -blood Choctaws; he men- tions one or two families of half-breeds of negro and Indian blood. Mr. Campbell. What do you think ought to be done to benefit them ? Mr. Venable. Well, I have just seen this report for the first time, and I did not know what the report would be. INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. 215 I can answer your question partially. I think some provision ought to be made, especially at this time, and for some time to come, to care for these Indians — at least this year, until another crop year' — as a matter of temporary and immediate relief ; I think that ought to be done. Mr. Norton. How widely are those 650 Indians scattered? Mr. Venabue. They are, most of them, within a radius of 50 miles of a town in Newton County, Miss. — the town of Union. The Chairman. Is that in your district ? Mr. Venable. Yes, sir. They are found in the counties of Kem- per, Leake, Neshoba, and Winston; these counties are all bunched together. The Chairman. I would like to ask Mr. Meritt if there is any pro- vision of law at present by which these Indians could be relieved, unless they have been placed under the care of the Interior Depart- ment ? Mr. Meritt. We have not considered that the appropriations carried in the Indian appropriation acts were available for the Mis- sissippi Choctaws, without specific authority from Congress. The Chairman. You have never given them anything, on the theory of considering them indigent Indians, toward aiding them, from this fund for the general education and support of Indians? You have eliminated them entirely from that? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. I believe you have some Indians of that descrip- tion in North Carolina, Texas, and Mississippi. Mr. Meritt. And also some Indians in Louisiana. The Chairman. All right. You may proceed, Mr. Venable. Mr. Venable. Now, in addition to that, Mr. Chairman, I will be frank and say to you that I do not think very much could be done for the older Indian in Mississippi in the way of making him perma- nently prosperous or anything of that sort; I think his habits are formed; I think he is naturally more or less shiftless; in other words, he is a:n Indian not very far advanced ; he wants to fish and to hunt ; work to him is an evil ; that is, according to his standard of life. The Chairman. Do you not think they would rather work than starve ? Mr. Venable. Oh, they will do that ; they do do that. The Chairman. Well, is that not the condition of a great many white people? Mr. Venable. Oh, yes; that is true; but I do not thmk the same blame or fault applies to an Indian as to a white man. The Chairman. For what reason? Mr. Venable. Because he is an Indian ; because he does not occupy the same stage of life that the white man does. You can apply that argument to every Indian in the country, so far as that is concerned. The Chairman. Well, take the black race ; does not that apply to them ? And yet the Government has not spent a cent for them. Mr. Venable. No ; I do not think the conditions are the same ; I do not think the equities are the same. The Chairman. What is the difference? They are both wards of the Government. Mr. Venable. The negro ? 216 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. The Chairman. The negro was a ward of the Government after they were turned loose ; they found themselves independent and with nothing to live on. Mr. Venable. When did the negro become a ward of the Govern- ment? The Chairman. By their being set free. Mr. Venable. Well, every free citizen is not a ward of the Govern- ment. The Chairman. Well, the Indians are also free citizens. Mr. Venable. No ; the vital distinction between the two, and where the Indian has an equity against the Government of the United States, is that, as a matter of fact, he had a continent here which be- longed to him undoubtedly; he had a continent here where he lived according to his standard of life; he had a continent here where nature provided him with an ample livelihood, according to his standards, and, Avhether we are willing to concede the fact or not, we practically stole the thing from him. Mr. Campbell. Well, in order that we may get along with the hear- ing, I suggest that Ave take up the matter with the Indian Bureau and prepare a proposed amendment. Mr. Venable. Yes. Permit me to say this: Personally, I think the sooner the Government can get rid of all of the Indians and put them on their own responsibility the better ; that is my idea about it. I think the way to make a man self-reliant is to throw some re- sponsibility on him. I do not think you can do much with the old Indians along that line. I believe, however, that you can take the young Indians — the Indian children — of the Mississippi Choctaws and provide some educational facilities and give them a fair chance of improving their condition of life, and then turn them loose, and then if they fail to improve themselves it is their own fault. The Chairman. Do you think it will be possible to get your State to amend its laAvs so as to permit the Indian children to attend the county schools where they would be mixed or intermingled with the ■white children? Mr. Venable. I think even if the laws were so amended the Indian children would not attend school. The Chairman. Why is that ? Mr. Venable. Because they do not attend their own schools where these counties have provided them. If you are going to do anything for those children the Government is going to have to take them and put them in the schools and keep them there. The Chairman. Just force them, in other words? Mr. Venable. Well, the parents will have to consent for the Gov- ernment to take the children and put them in school and keep them there. Mr. Norton. Do you have compulsory attendance in your school system in Mississippi? Mr. Venable. No, sir. Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, in this connection I will say that I have had prepared in the Indian Office a memorandum based on this report showing just exactly what we believe should be done for those Indians. INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 217 The Chairman. Yes. I think Mr. Campbell's suggestion a good one — ^that Mr. Venable take the matter up with the Indian Office and prepare an amendment, and it can then be taken up with the commit- tee, so that we can consider it as a whole and determine whether we can add it to this bill. And I will request that your statement, Mr. Meritt, be included in the record at this point. Mr. Meritt. The report of Mr. John E. Reeves, special super- visor, relative to the condition of the Indians in Mississippi has been examined with special reference to their school needs. The report shows that there are more than 500 Indians of school age in the State for whom only six public day schools are provided, in which the last annual enrollment was only 94. Ninety per cent of these Indians live in the contiguous counties of Kemper, Leake, Neshobo, Newton, and Scott, situated about midway north and south in the State, and are living within a radius of 50 miles of Union. The State law will not permit Indians to attend the schools for whites. The six schools maintained for the Indians furnish only very elementary education, and only $566 was expended last year for their support. Not many of the Indians are taxpayers, and the little property they have of value is generally heavily encumbered. These Indians in most cases are in a wretched condition, showing a death rate higher than the birth rate, resulting from tuberculosis and in- sanitary ways of living. There has been very little progress in the use of English, most of the children growing up in absolute ignor- ance, and educational needs are apparently very pressing. There are Indians in scattered localities of the State and some in Alabama and Louisiana for whom day-school provision would hardly be justifiable, but the large majority are in the five counties named. Eecent shortage in land products has added to the extreme want of many of these Indians and their need'of immediate relief is said to be very great. It is believed that a boarding school with a capacity of about 150 might be located so as to require light cost for transportation of pupils, and, while providing food and clothing for many children, would not only prevent great suffering but would provide the right educational facilities to give the Indian youth of this State a start toward a more independent and self-supporting life in the near future. It is estimated that such a school in that region could be established at a cost for construction of plant and acquirement of suitable school farm, $100,000; for support, including salary of superintendent, $30,000; for annual repairs and improvements, $2,500; and an annual upkeep following construction of approxi- mately $35,000. OKLAHOMA. The Chairman. The next is the State of Oklahoma; the item is as follows : Sec 17 For support and civilization of tlie Wicliitas and affiliated bands wlio have been collected on the reservations set apart for their use and occupation in Oklahoma, including pay of employees, $5,000. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification: 218 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Support of Wichitas and affiliated bands, Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $5, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 5, 000. OQ Amount expended 4, 693. 73 Unexpended balance 306. 27 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 3, 040. 00 Traveling expenses . 124. 68 Transportation of supplies 2. 50 Telegraph and telephone service 150. 72 Forage , 140.00 Fuel, illumlnants, lubricants, etc 133. 30 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 163. 58 Medical supplies .^ 569. 74 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc : 234. 66 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 127. 20 Miscellaneous 7. 35 4, 693. 73 SUPPORT OF WICHITAS AND AFFILIATED BANDS, 1918. . This appropriation is used for the support of 1,123 Wichita and Caddo Indians under the jurisdiction of Kiowa Agency. It is neces- sary for the purpose of administration and is the only appropriation available for the purpose. The same amount has been appropriated for this item for a number of years. The Chairman. The next item is — • The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to withdraw from the Treasury of the United States, at his discretion, the sum of $30,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, of the funds on deposit to the credit of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Tribes of Indians in Oklahoma, for the support of the agency and pay of employees maintained for their benefit. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification: Apache, Kioira, and Comanche // per cent fund (support of agency and pay of employees) . Fiscal year ending June 30. 1917, amount authorized $25,000.00 Fiscal year ended .Tune 30, 1916 : Amount authorized 25,000.00 Amount expended 23, 793. 32 Unexpended balance 1, 206. 68 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 19, 314, ly Traveling expenses 1 ' sgg! 29 Tran.sportatlon of supplies 5g, 34 Heat, light, and power (service) 545! 80 Telegraph and telephone service 34o! OS Subsistence supplies g! 33 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 31' 53 Forage ____ 1: 689:52 Fuel, illummants, lubricants, etc 44O 05 Educational, stationery, and office supplies !_ 285! 74 INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 219 Analysis of expeinditm-es— CoBtlnuea. Medical supplies $110. 69 Iftipleineats, vehieles, tools, etc 635. 50 Sundry supplies, equipinent, etc 851. 82 Seed'j , 105.00 Miscellaneous 10. 50 23, 793. 32 Total 23, 793. 32 TRIBAL FUNDS, KIOWA, COMANCHE, AND APACHE, AGENCY AND EMPLOYEES, 1918. This amount, which includes an increase of $5,000 over previous years' ap- propriations, is required for the efficient administration of the affairs of the 3,200 Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians at Kiowa Agency. Largely in- creased leasing and farming operations, the supervision of individual Indian moneys, aggregating nearly $750,000, and the general increase in business incident to tlie development of the country, together with the fulfillment of the , demand upon the office to afford more thorough industrial direction and In- struction, have made it imperatively necessary to increase the force of em- ployees. Tlie Indians themselves appreciate this condition and have voiced their sentiment, through the tribal business committee, in the following language : " Realizjiiig the growing needs of the Kiowa Agency and the need f c r addi- tional employees, the committee agreed to request the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to get additional appropriation of $5,000 per annum from our funds." Having provided the necessary employees at an expenditure of $19,314.10, the balance of the amount heretofore allowed is insufficient for the other usual and necessary exenses of an agency of this size. Even with the increase requested, the per capita cost of administering the agency will" be but $9,375 per annum, a remarkably low figure. We are asking for an increase of $5,000 out of tribal funds, and the Indians themselves have requested that this increase be made, so that we can better provide for the agency activities for that reservation. The ChaiemajSt. They have quite a large fund, have they not ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Caetee. What is the increase to be used for ? Mr. Meeitt. To provide for additional farmers, so that the rentals of the Indians may be collected, and so that their farming interests may be more closely supervised. Mr. Caetee. It comes out of the tribal funds, and they have re- quested the. appropriation? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; they have requested the increased appro- priation. The Chairman. The next item is — That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized to with- draw from the Treasury of the United States, at his discretion, the sum of $250,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, of the funds on deposit to the credit of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Tribes of Indians in Oklahoma, and pay out the same for the benefit of the members of said tribes for their mainte- nance and support and improvement of their homesteads for the ensuing year in such manner and under such regulations as he may prescribe: Provided, That the Secretary of the Interior shall report to Congress on the first Monday in December, 1918, a detailed statement as to all moneys expended as provided for herein. 220 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification: Tribal funds of Apaches, Kiotoas, and Comanches {maintenance and support and improvements of homestead). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount authorized $250, OOP. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount authorized 250, 000. 00 Amount expended 249, 146. 00 Unexpended balance ^54. 00 Analysis of expenditures: Apache, Kiowa, and Comanche 4 per cent fund — $7.81 per capita payment to Apaches 1, 351. 56 $7.81 per capita payment to Kiowas 11. 570. 31 $7.81 per capita payment to Comanches 11, 976. 56 $9.30 per capita payment to Apaches 1, 636. 80 $9.30 per capita payment to Kiowas 13, 838. 40 $9.30 per capita payment to Comanches 14, 349. 90 54, 723. 53 Interest on Apache, Kiowa, and Comanche 4 per cent fund — $42.19 per capita payment to Apaches 7, 298. 44 $42.19 per capita payment to Kiowas 62, 479. 69 $42.19 per capita payment to Comanches 64, 673. 44 $18.70 per capita payment to Apaches 3, 291. 20 $18.70 per capita payment to Kiowas 27, 825. 60 $18.70 per capita payment to Comanches 28, 854. 10 194, 422. 47 To authorize the withdrawal from the Treasury of tribal funds belong- ing to Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians, appropriation $250, 000 This item is intended to authorize the withdrawal of a portion of the funds to the credit of the Apache, Kiowa, and Comanche Indians under the Kiowa superintendency in the State of Oklahoma, to enable the Indians to liquidate their indebtedness, to improve their homes, and obtain equipment for the devel- opment of their lands industrially. The act of April 30, 1908 (85 Stat. L., 70-87), authorized the Secretary of the Interior to pay to the Apache, Kiowa, and Comanche Indians a sum of money, the total of which should not exceed $100 per capita. The acts of March 3, 1909 (35 Stat. L., 781-806), April 4, 1910 (36 Stat. L., 268-280), August 24, 1912 (37 Stat. L., .518-529), .Tune 30, 1913 (38 Stat. L., 93), August 1, 1914 (38 Stat. L., 582-596), and the act of May 18, 1916 (Public No. 80, p. 25), and the joint reso- lution of March 4, 1915 (38 Stat. L., 1228), authorized the withdrawal of amounts similar to that it is now intended to withdraw should the proposed item be favorably considered by Congress. There are approximately 3,260 Apache, Kiowa, and Comanche Indians on the Kiowa Reservation. Their land, consisting of approximately 641,000 acres, has been allotted to them, the largest part of which has in previous years been leased for grazing, farming, and mining purposes. The appropriation made for the current fiscal year probably will be paid to the Indians in two payments ; one of $46 per capita was made to about 3,260 Indians this past fall so as to give them funds to carry them through the winter, and another will be made in ttie spring of next year so as to give them money to purchase agricultural equipment and seeds in connection with their farming activities and subsistence supplies while crops are being planted. A number of Indians who have been inactive in previous years will undoubt- edly utilize this money to good advantage and engage in farming. The money it is intended to appropriate belongs to these Indians. They have need for it in connection with the promotion of their farming and live-stoclj activities, and there is no reason why it should be withheld from them while such important needs exist INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 221 In this connection attention Is invited to House Report No. 94, Sixty-second Congress, first session, which sets out In detail the condition of these Indians and their urgent need for funds. On October 31, 1916, the balance in the Treasury to the credit of the Apache, Kiowa, and Comanche Indians of their 5 per cent fund, known as the "Apache Kiowa, and Comanche fund," amounted to $893,433.53 and the accrued interest aiereon, including unpaid shares $60,722.93. The balance of the "Apache Kiowa, and Comanche 4 per cent fund " on that date amounted to $2,531,251 67 and the accrued interest thereon to $56,926.44, making a total of $3,542,334.57. That amount has been carried in the bill for five or six years. They have in the Treasury nearly $3,000,000, and they should share in the funds as they need it. Mr. Campbell. What interest have they been drawing? Mr. Meritt. Four and 5 per cent. The Chairman. The next item is : For support and civilization of the Cheyennes and Arapahoes who have been collected on the reservations set apart for their use and occupation in Okla- homa, including pay of employees, $35,000. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Support of Cheyennes and Arapahoes, Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $35, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 35, 000. 00 Amount expended 29, 602. 60 Unexpended balance 5, 397. 40 Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages 24, 384. 32 Traveling expenses : 979. 61 Transportation of supplies 295. 44 Heat, light, and power (service) ,_^ leCOO Telegraph and telephone service 147. 93 Printing, binding, and advertising ' 30. 00 , Subsistence supplies ; ! 19. 39 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 25. 43 Forage 762. 13 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 1, 517. 26 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 75. 84 Medical supplies ^ 444. 82 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc__ 328. 02 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 313. 11 Kent 22.50 Miscellaneous 96. 80 29, 602. 60 This appropriation is required for the support of four agencies having a total population of 2,783 Indians and is used for pay of employees, fuel, equipment, traveling expenses, etc. That is the same amount as appropriated in the last Indian appro- priation act. The Chairman. The next item is as follows: For support and civilization of the Kansas Indians, Oklahoma, including pay of employees,' $1,500. 222 INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for record the foUowing justification : - Support of Kansas Indians, Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, atiiount appropriated^ $1, 500. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated ^ , 1, 500, 00 Amount expended-^ 1, 378. 28 Unexpended balance 121. 72 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 1,040.00' Traveling expenses 63. 91 Transportation of supplies i. 50 Telegraph and telephone service 31. 35 Printing, binding, and advertising j 10.85 Forage .40 Fuel, illuminants,. lubricants, etc 98. 72 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 7. 5& Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 50. 06 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 29. 57 Seed . 44. 33 1, 378. 28 SUPPORT OF KANSAS INDIANS, 1918. This appropriation is used for the salary of one clerk and for supplies and traveling expenses for the benefit of 338 Kansas Indians under the jurisdiction of Ponca Agency. The Chairman. The next item is — For support and civilization of the Kickapoo Indians in Oldahoma, including pay of employees, $2,000. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification: ' Support of KioJcapoos, Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated ,$2, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 2, 000. 00 Amount expended l' g^g' 50 Unexpended balance Igl 50 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 1 082 oo Traveling expenses 315 80 Telegraph and telephone service 69 21 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 19^00 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 170 41 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 32 98 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 122 50 Miscellaneous ' g'go 1, 818. 50 SUPPORT OF KICKAPOOS, OKLAHOMA, 1918. This appropriation is required for the administration of the affairs of the Mexican Kickapoo Indians, numbering 348, under the jurisdiction of Shawnee Agency, Okla. It is used for the pay of one clerk and for general necessarv expenses. uc^-cnoaij INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 228 The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For support and civilization of the Ponca Indians in Oklahoma and Nebraska, including pay of employees, $8,000. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification: Support of I'oncas, Oklahoma. fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated .$8, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 8, 000. 00 Amount expended 7, 399. 18 Unexpended balance 600. 82 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages. 5, 080. 00 Traveling expenses 83. 45 Transportation of supplies 22. 90 Telegraph and telephone service 118. 70 Printing, binding, and advertising 12. 10 Subsistence supplies ; 5. 38 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc ^ 11. 46 Forage 623. 76 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 187. 84 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 16. 16 Medical supplies - 75. 10 Live stock 12.5. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 183. 11 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 838. 92 Miscellaneous 15. 30 7, 399. 18 SUPPOET OF PONCAS, OKLAHOMA, 1918. This sum is required for the administration of the affairs of the Ponca Indians, of which tribe there are 622 at Ponca, Okla., and 329 at Santee, Nebr. I): is the general support item and covers salaries, traveling expenses, equip- ment, etc. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For support and education of 550 Indian pupils at the Indian school at Chilocco, Okla., including pay of superintendent, $94,600; for general repairs and improvements, $7,000 ; in all, $101,600. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Indian school, Chilocco, Okla. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated-, $86, 250. Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated °6, -50. 00 Amount expended ^o- 47b. 8b Unexpended balance — . '^'^•^- ^ ^ Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages '^^^ ^^'^- b' Transportation of supplies -^J^- "b Telegraph and telephone service • 40 Subsistence supplies ■^^^ 'b"- o& 1 This is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged against the appropriation. 224 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Analysis of expenditures — Continued. Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc $9, 000. 00 Forage 449.50 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 7, 152. 10 Educational, stationery, and office supplies . 726. 33 Medical supplies 342. 66 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 2, 185. 23 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 5, 247. 24 Miscellaneous 477.64 Total 85, 476. 86 EEPAIES AND IMPEOVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated 7, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 7, 000. 00 Amount expended ; 6, 116. 30 Unexpended balance ' 883. 70 Analysis of expenditures, repairs (to plant) 6,116.30 Statistical statement for year ending-June 30, 1916. Value of school plant, real property $.568,1.50 Number of buildings 57 Number of employees 55 Total salaries , $39, 730 Average attendance of pupils ; 530 Average enrollment 585 Capacity , 500 Cost per capital based on average enrollment ^$141 Cost per capita based on average attendance $156 Area of school land (acres) 8,580 Area of school land (acres cultivated) "4,490 Value of products of school (including both materials and labor of em- ployees and school pupils) $5,031 Value of agricultural products (including products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy and stock) 38,240 Expended from " Miscellaneous receipts, Class TV," $4,051. SUPEEINTENDENT'S estimate of absolute needs EOH 1918. Support $94,600 Repairs and improvements . 7,000 Total 101, 600 amount eequested in peoposed bill. Support and education of 550 Indian pupils, and superintendent's salary __ revious appropriations, and does not exceed $167 as the per capita cost for support and education of pupils. The average enrollment for some years has steadily grown, so that its former capacity has been lately increased from 500, and provision is desired for support of 50 additional pupils. The same amount is requested for repairs and improvements as last year, $7,000. This is but slightly more than 2 per cent of the present value of the buildings and other construction, and will keep the property, including the heating, lighting, and sewerage systems, in proper repair only by supplementing it from the miscel- laneous receipts derived from the sale of various products of the school and farm. The school is farming about 1,200 acres, producing corn, wheat, oats, alfalfa, and orchard and garden products. Seasons are not always favorable for some of these varied products, but during the last fiscal year sales were made of wheat, hogs, steers, hay, milk and cream, fruit and nursery stock, with other miscellaneous products, amounting to $17,899.20. From these sources the school has been able to enlarge its academic building and acquire much needed space for laboratory, library, and assembly purposes, and make various other improvements. Chilocco is a nonreservation boarding school with jurisdiction over the pupils In attendance only. It has a large farm of some 8,500 acres, a portion of which is leased, and its agricultural and industrial activities are giving very satisfactory results. It is well equipped for complete academic and Industrial training under the present thorough course of study for Indian schools, and is conveniently accessible to probably one-third of the Indians in the United States, being also easily available to the Five Civilized Tribes for advanced in- struction not provided in their schools. This school is probably unexcelled among the larger Indian schools. Its continuance for sometime to come will be of great advantage to the Indians. The Chairman. You have increased the authorized number of pupils at that school? 71486—16 15 226 INDIAN APPBOPKIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. We are asking authority to increase the enrollment 50 pupils at that school. With the improvements that have been made we have capacitj^ for the additional 50 pupils. The Chairman. All right. Will you supplement the justification by a further statement? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. This is one of the largest Indian schools in the Indian Service. They have probably the best constructed plant. It is located conveniently to Indians in Oklahoma and Kan- sas, and we will have no trouble in filling this school to its maximum capacity, and we have the capacity there for the 50 additional pupils; and it will cost very little additional to provide for them. The Chairman. It is an industrial school, is it not? Mr. Mekitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. And agriculture is also taught? Mr. Meritt. Agriculture is also taught; we have a very large school farm, in addition to the school plant, consisting of over 8,000 acres. Mr. Carter. Wliat is the per capita cost there? Has it increased or decreased? Mr. Meritt. The per capita cost, based on the average enrollment, is $141. Mr. Carter. That is increased over the other year? Mr. Meritt. That is a very low per capita cost. / Mr. Carter. It was $160, however, the year before on actual av- erage attendance? Mr. Meritt. The school is economically administered. Mr. Carter. Well, what is the cause of that increase? Mr. Meritt. The general high cost of living ; every thing has gone up that we have to buy. The Chairman. The next item is — For fulfilling treaties with Pawnees, Oklahoma : For perpetual annuity, to be paid in, cash to the Pawnees (article three, agreement of November 23, 1892), $30,000; for support of two manual-labor schools (article three, treat.v of Sep- tember 24, 18.57), $10,000; for pay of one farmer, two blacksmiths, one miller, one engineer and apprentices, and two teachers (article four, same treaty), $5,400; for purchase of iron and steel and other necessaries for the shops (arti- cle four, same treaty), $500; for pay of physician and purchase of medicines, $1,200; in all, $47,100. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification: FulfllHng treaties with PuK-nees, Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $30, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended .Tune 30, 1916 : Unexpended balance from previous years 7, 237. 74 Amount appropriated 30, 000. 00 37, 287. 74 Amount expended 30, 000. 00 Unexpended balance . 7, 237. 74 Analysis of expenditures : Per capita payments 30, 000. 00 INDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. 227 Support of Pawnees {schools), Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated.. $10, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 10, 000. 00 Amount expended j 8, 614. 28 Unexpended balance 1, 385. 72 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 908. 50 Transportation of supplies 1. 62 Heat, light, and power (service) 604^23 Telegraph and telephone service 18. 00 Subsistence supplies 2, 621. 94 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 1, 727. 66 Forage 885.68 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 910. 98 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 160. 77 Medical supplies 14. 58 Live stock , 25. 00 Implement's, vehicles, tools, etc 43. 86 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc , : 549. 26 Miscellaneous 142. 20 8, 614. 28 Support of Pawnees, employees, etc., Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $6,600. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated : 6, 600. 00 Amount expended 6, 500. 53 Unexpended balance 99. 47 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wagesl 6, 338. 75 Medical supplies 161. 78 ,6, 500. 53 Support of Pawnees, iron, steel, etc., Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $50.0. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 500. 00 Amount expended 496. 38 Unexpended balance 3. 62 Analysis of expenditures: Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 496. 38 Fulfilling treaties tcith Pawnees, 1918. This appropriation is required to enable the office to comply with the provi- sions of articles 2, 3, and 4 of the treaty with the Pawnees, dated September 24, 1857 (11 Stat., 729), as amended in part by the agreement of November 23, 1892, and ratified by the act of March 3, 1893 (27 Stats., 644), which are as follows : "(1) The United States agrees to pay to the Pawnees the sum of $30,000 per annum, as a perpetual annuity to be distributed annually among them per capita, in coin, unless the President of the United States shall from time to 228 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. time otherwise direct. But it is further agreed that the President may at any time, in his discretion, discontinue such annuity by causing the value of a fair commutation thereof to be paid to or expended for the benefit of such Indians in such manner as to liim shall seem proper. "(2) That the United States agrees to establish * * * two manual-labor schools, to be governed by such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the President of the United States, who shall appoint the teachers, * * * and the United States agrees to furnish suitable houses and farms for said schools and whatever else may be necessary to put them in successful opera- tion ; and a sum of not less than $5,000 per annum shall be applied to the sup- port of each school so long as the Pawnees shall in good faith comply with the provisions of this article; but if at any time the President is satisfied that they are not doing so he may, in his discretion, discontinue the schools in whole or in part. " (3) The United States also agree to furnish the Pawnees with two com- plete sets of blacksmith, gunsmith, and tinsmith tools, not to exceed in cost $750, and to erect shops at a cost not to exceed $500 ; also $500 annually during the pleasure of the President for the purchase of iron, steel, and other necessa- ries for the same. The United States are also to furnish two blacksmiths, one of whom shall be a gunsmith and tinsmith ; the Pawnees agree to furnish one or two young men of their tribe to work constantly in each shop as strikers or apprentices, who shall be paid a fair compensation for their labor." The Chairman. That is a treaty item? Mr. Meritt. That is a treaty item; it is the same as carried in the current Indian appropriation act. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For support of Quapaws, Oklahoma: For education (article 3, treaty of May 13, 1833), $1,000; for blacksmith and assistants and tools, iron, and steel for blacksmith shop (same article and treaty), $500; in all, $1,500: Provided, That the President of the United States shall certify the same to be for the best interests of the Indians. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification: Support of Quapaws: Education, Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $1, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 1, 000.00 Amount expended 1, 000. 00 Analysis of expenditures : Care and maintenance of pupils in mission school 1, 000. 00 Support of Quapaws: Employees, etc., Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $500. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated ' 500. 00 Amount expended , 373. 9ti Unexpended balance ^ 126. 04 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 370. 67 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc . 3. 29 373.96 SUPPOET OF QUAPAWS, OKLAHOMA, 1918. This sum is required to enable the office to comply with the provisions of article 3 of the treaty with the Quapaws, dated May 13, 1833 (7 Stat., 424), which provides that " The United States agrees to provide a farmer to reside with them and to aid and instruct them in their agricultural pursuits, and a INDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. 229 blacksmith to do their necessary work, with a shop and tools and iron and steel, not exceeding 1 ton per year. The TJnited States also agrees to appropriate $1,000 per year for educational purposes ; the farmer and blacksmith and the above appropriation for educational purposes to be continued only as long as the President of the United States deems necessary for the best interests of the Indians. There are 331 Quaqaw Indians, with 150 children of school age. Of these 121 are eligible for school attendance, and during the fiscal year 1916 there were enrolled in — Nonreservation schools ' 9 Seneca boarding school 4 St. Mary's mission school 25 Public schools ^ 88 The appropriation of $1,000 is used for the education of 10 of these children who are cared for in the mission boarding school, and its continuation is deemed essential for their benefit. The Chairman. The next item is— For continuing the relief and settlement of the Apache Indians formerly con- fined as prisoners of war at Fort Sill Military Reservation, Okla., on lands in Oklahoma to be selected for them by the Secretary of the Interior and the Secre- tary of War, $40,000, to be expended under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of War may prescribe, and to be immediately available and to remain available until expended. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for the record the follovring justification : r Relief and settlement of Apache Indians held as prisoners of war at Fort Sill, Okla. Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Unexpended balance from previous years $50, 466. 13 Amount expended 4, 063. 28 Unexpended balance 46,402.85 Analysis of expenditures: Salaries and wages 1, 764. 75 Transportation of supplies 48. 33 Live .stock 780. 50 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 256. 00 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc _ 415. 08 Repairs 606.12 Seed 192.50 4,063.28 PUBCHASB OF LANDS, FORT SILI. APACHE INDIANS, OKLAHOMA. The act of August 4, 1912 (37 Stat. L., 518-534), and June 30, 1913 (38 Stat, L 77-94), appropriated $300,000 for the relief and settlement of Fort Sill Apache Indians confined as prisoners of war at Fort Sill, Okla. Of that amount, $120 000 was apportioned bv the ofllce for the removal of 183 Fort Sill Indians who 'elected to return to Mescalero and $180,000 for the purchase of lands in Oklahoma for the 82 members of the band electing to remain there. Under the regulations of this department, as concurred in by the War Department, adopted in pursuance of the above acts, an allotment was to be purchased for each Indian remaining at Fort Sill, so that the 82 members of the band can not be provided for as a band, but as individuals. The purchase of allotments in Okla- homa has not yet been completed, there yet remaining to be provided for out of the 82 : 13 minor Indians, at $2,000 $26, 000 S heads of families, at $3,000 9' '^Q Total -— 35,000 230 INMAN- APPEOPBrATION BILL. In accordance with an agreement had' with those who returned to Mescalero, rations were to be furnished them for one year. Since those Indians had to purchase rations witli their own funds, it is now proposed to allow 80 Indians $12 per month per capita to reimburse them. This involves a total outlay of $11,520, in addition to the $35,000 above mentioned, necessary to purchase land. Thus a total further expenditure of $46,520 will be necessary to complete the worli and fulfill the agreement made with these Indians. This, less a balance of about $9,000, shows a minimum amount of $37,520 yet necessary. The last Indian appropriation act reappropriated the unexpended balance of the prior appropriations, directing said balance to be used for the three heads of families. This work is now under way and will be completed as soon as possi- ble so far as the three heads of families are concerned. The 13 minor Indians, many of whom lack only one or two years of majority, can not understand why they should not have similar benefits conferred upon them to those conferred upon others of the same status. The apportionment of $180,000 was expended as carefully as possible, only after careful appraisement of the land to be purchased, and consideration of all available tracts offered for sale, but owing to increased Oklahoma land values it was not possible to buy allotments for more than 79 of these Fort Sill Apaches. In all fairness to these Indians, and to fulfill the express agreement with them as to rations, it is desired to have $40,000, which is necessary to cover the esti- mated expenditure, and close up this work. This amount allows for unforeseen expenses to the amount of approximately $2,000 only. This is a new item, Mr. Chairman. You will recall that a few years ago we removed certain of the Indians on the Fort Sill Military Reservation to the' Mescalero Reservation, N. Mex., and some of the Indians on the Fort Sill Reservation preferred to be located in Oklahoma, and we expended in purchasing deceased allotments from the Kiowas and other Indians in western Oklahoma. We have now about 13 or 14 Indians who have not been provided for, and we want to have an appropriation to complete this work and provide for all of those Indians who have elected to remain in Oklahoma. The Chairman. Will this be the last appropriation of that kind? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; this will be the last appropriation of that kind. The Chairman. And there are a few Indians, as I understand, left that you would have to provide this land for ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; in ordei; to carry out our agreement with them. The Chairman. And this closes the thing up? Mr. Meritt. This will close the thing up. Mr. Carter. Well, last year you had an unexpended balance of $9,500? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Carter. Did you make any statement as to that in your justifi- cation ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; that added that the appropriation that we are requesting will be ample to buy the land for the remaining Indians, the same amount that we have purchased for the other Indians heretofore. Mr. Carter. Well, what provision was made for those authorized last year? Mr. Meritt. We bought lands for three heads of families, which amounted to about $9,000. Mr. Carter. Well, have you any balance left of that now ? Mr. ]VfeRiTT. There is a small balance, but the $40,000 we are asking for, in addition to the balance, will leave us only about $2,000 margin • and if there is any money left over it will go back to the Treasury « ' INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 231 The Chairman. The next item is : To pay the Women's Board of Domestic Missions, Keformed Cliurcli in America, $10,000, to reimburse said board for buildings on the Fort Sill Military - Reserve, iu the State of Oklahoma, constructed by said board with the consent of the Government and utilized for the education and civilization of the Fort Sill Apache prisoners of war until the removal of said Indians from said Fort Sill Military Reserve. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Reimbursement for buildings, Fort Sill Military Reserve $10, 000 Data furnished by the Women's Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church in America, indicate that moneys expended by that organization for buildings and equipment for mission work among the Apache prisoners of war at Fort Sill. Okla., aggregated .$13,416.16, the building expenditures apparently exceeding .$9,000 of this amount. The removal of the Apaches from the Fort Sill Re-iervation in 1914 rendered impracticable a continuance of the mission work at that point. The organiza- tion was therefore obliged to abandon its plant, but left it in good condition and available for military use. The missionaries are continuing their work for the Apaches in their new homes on the Mescalero Reservation, but, being unable to transfer their plant from Fort Sill to Mescalero, are working at a great disad- vantage. The influence of tlie mission upon the Apache Indians, both young and old, has been highly commended by the officers of the War Department. The school maintained by this board comprised the only educational facilities for the children of the prisoners there. H. R. 13690 (63d Cong., 3d sess.), which failed of passage, contemplated an appropriation of $10,000 for relief of the Women's Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church in America. For the reason that it is believed that the relief proposed is merited by the organization, and for the further reason that the work is to be continued, this item is again included in the recommendations for the fiscal year 1918. Mr. Carter. I think that ought to be paid, but I do not think there is much chance of it. Mr. Meritt. It is a very deserving request. The Chairman. It ought to be paid. Mr. Meritt. The Women's Board of Domestic Missions propose to invest this money in property in the Mescalero Eeservation, where a large number of those Fort Sill Indians have been removed. The Chairman. They did a good work in Oklahoma, and they pro- pose to use this money in the same way out on this reservation if the appropriation is made. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. The next item is : For payment to certain enrolled members of the Citizen Board of Potta- watomie Indians of shares which they failed to receive in the per capita dis- tribution made to the band imder the provisions of the act approved March 2, 3889 (2.5 Stat. L., p. 989), $3,791.17. Mr. Carter. Will you make a statement about that now, Mr. Meritt? ^ . ^ . n ., Mr. Meritt. Those Indians received a payment, and there was not sufficient money to pav to each Pottawatomie Indian, and this is a small balance we are requesting, in order that all may share alike in the payment of those funds. „ ^ ,, n i t j- The Chairman. And this will cover all of the enrolled Indians, so that the question will not come up again? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. ^- ^ . -^o Mr Carter. Well, did you make an estimate or it 5 Mr. Meritt. We have gone into this carefully, so that we know the exact amount that will be required. Mr. Carter. Well, how is your estimate made up '. 232 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. This appropriation is intended for payment to cer- tain members of the Potawatamie Band of Indians who failed to receive shares in annuity payments made in previous years. Soon after the appropriation of March 2, 1889 (25 Stat. L., 989), was made a special investigation was made by an inspector of the Department of the Interior for the jjurpose of ascertaining the rights of Indians to participate in the payment. As a result of that in- vestigation a roll of the Indians was prepared and approved by the dejiartment, which roll Avas believed at the time to contain the names of all those entitled. The total amount appropriated was divided per capita among those persons on the approved roll and pajaiients were made to all Avho could be located. The shares of those who were unpaid were returned to the Treasury and held in the general approj^riation subject to application by the Indians to whom they belonged. Subsequently it was ascertained that a number of Indians were entitled to enrollment with the citizen band, but for various reasons their names had not been included in the original roll. The department thereupon authorized their enrollment, and, in order to pay them the money to which they were entitled, used the funds on deposit in the Treasury which rightfully belonged to the Indians who were originally on the roll but who failed to receive their share at the time of payment. This results in a shortage of funds available to meet the claims of the latter. About 147 claims, aggregating $3,791.17 have been filed, and there is noM' less than $100 in the Treas- ury to the credit of the original appropriation. It is to supply this shortage that the appropriation is desired. FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES. The Chairman. The next item is — For expen.ses of administration of tlie affairs of the Five Civilized Tribes, Olilahoma, and the compensation of employees, $18.5,000. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Aclmmistration of the affairs of the Five Civilised Tribes, Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated ($10,000 immediately available) $18.5, 000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 175, OOO. 00 Amount expended 172,' 783. 19 Unexpended balance , o 216.81 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 147 §73 05 Traveling expenses J 17^ 698! 66 Telegraph and telephone service 1. 77 Printing, binding, and advertising 36.00 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 3, 470! 96 Medical supplies 1 ' q4'o5 Live stock 237' .50 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 35' 00 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc l' 30 w^°* ,7 3, 46i: 50 Miscellaneous 3 40 172, 783. 19 Note. — Expended from the $10,000 made immediately available, $531.66. INDIAN APPHOPEIATION BILL. 233 »^yjlP'^ ■Resolution of Congress approved March 4, 1915, the appropriation ,ot ;>1'5 000 for the administration of the affairs of the Five Civilized Tribes in Uklahoma provided under the appropriation act of August 1, 1914, for tlie liscal year ended June 30, 1915, was continued for the fiscal year 1916. The appropriation act approved May 18, 1916, provides for $185,000 for the fiscal year 191 ;, or $10,000 more than was allowed for the preceding fiscal years. This amount, however, is still $65,000 less than the amounts appropriated for the fiscal year 1914. On April 5, 1915, 14 divisions of this office were consolidated into 7, and during the first quarter of that fiscal year 103 employees from the office and field forces were furloughed or dropped from the rolls to prevent a deficit of approximately $25,000. While the work carried on under the reorganization has been unexpectedly expeditious, it has not been possible with the funds appropriated to provide sufficient clerical help in either the office or in the field. Only 5 land appraisers were employed during the year, and the 18 field offices could not be provided with sufficient clerical assistance. It was hoped that by the employment of clerk interpreters (Indians capable of interpreting and doing general clerical and stenographic work) that the work might be kept fairly current, but it has been found impossible to secure properly quali- fied men for all these positions. The five land appraisers had to be assigned to districts twice as large as it was possible for. them properly to cover. This appropriation was increased $10,000 for the fiscal year 1917, which will permit the employment of three additional appraisers, the establishment of one addi- tional field office, and a few assistants to the field clerks. Until April 5, 1915, each field office had 3 employees, a few had 4, and a total of 10 appraisers. For the fiscal year 1916 an average of only 2 employees could be provided in each field office, and an appraiser whose district com- prised from 3 to 4 field offices. There are now 19 field clerks employed, at salaries ranging from $900 to $1,620 per annum. These offices can not be efficiently operated with an average force of less than three employees. The administration of the affairs of the Five Civilized Tribes has become an individual concern involving the health, education, ndustral pursuits, and the general welfare of approximately 30,000 so-called restricted Indians, and an efficient administration depends primarily upon the field men who come in per- sonal contact with the Indians, and constitutes the chahnel tlirough which information must be secured for this office and the department upon which to base action consistent with the needs of the Indians. This branch of the serv- ice should be strengthened by the employment of a sufficient force, and the field clerks in charge must be men of good judgment and administrative ability. Employees possessing these qualifications can not be secured or retained at the small salaries now paid in the ma.iority of the field offices. It is possible that the maximum salary now paid, of $1,620, for field clerks in charge may be sufficient, but the minimum salaries provided should not be less than $1,400 per annum.- In the general offices the force employed during the past has been inadequate properly and efficiently to care for the immense amount of clerical and detail work which continually accumulates. Tribal matters are nearing completion, but the enrollment and allotment records of the office of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes are the basis of title to all lands In eastern Oklahoma, comprising an area of more than 19,500,000 acres, and there is an immense volume of work in connection therewith in the matter of establishing title to lands embraced within this territory, ascertaining the status with reference to' removal of restrictions, litigation. Inheritance, payments to individuals, guardians, and administrators. Thousands of photographic and certified copies of records pertaining to enroll- ments and allotments are prepared for the use of the field offices, probate attorneys, guardians, and administrators of restricted Indians. A total of 2,673.828 acres of unallotted coal, asphalt, and timber lands have been sold, and the collection of deferred payments from some 20,000 purchasers constitutes an immense amount of correspondence and bookkeeping. The restric- tions against alienation have been removed by the Secretary of the Interior, under the act of May 27, 1908, from over one-half million acres, and necessarily this requires the handling of thousands of applications each year, which are first prepared and transmitted from the field offices. Among other details should be mentioned the advertisement and sale of unallotted lands, the collection of payments thereon, and the disbursement of 234 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. moneys collected for the benefit of individual Indians. The leasing of lauds, collection of bonuses, rentals, and royalties requires a large force, there having been filed up to the close of the last fiscal year a total of 37,277 leases. The records of the division of mails show that during the past year ^34,456 pieces of mail were handled, constituting the heaviest business of this division in the history of the office, and indicating that in general, the work is increas- ing instead of decreasing. Some further idea of the magnitude of the business of this office may be had from examination of the report of the disbursing agent, which shows that 88 national banks are now utilized as depositories for individual moneys ; that at the close of business June 30, 1916, there was on deposit in these banks a total of $3,500,776.3.5, and with the Treasurer of the United States $2,611,635.20, or a total of $6,112,411.55, about twice the amount reported at the end of the fiscal year and about three times as much as had been reported at any time previous to June 30, 1915. The work heretofore very largely has been preliminary to that service to these Indians, which, under the law, must be done during the next 10 or 15 vears, when the period during which their lands are restricted will expire, in the absence of legislation extending this period it is our plain duty under the law so to administer the affairs of these Indians during the short remaining restricted period that at the end of that time they will be able to take their places with the white man, fully equipped intelligently and physically to main-, tain themselves. Fortunately, restricted Indians are beginning to evidence greater interest in agriculture and stock raising. Many of them can not be expected to make a success in other pursuits than farming, and it is therefore imperative that a sufficient force, adequately paid, be provided to assist these Indians to estab- lish themselves on their own farms and to become self-supporting citizens. Statement slwiriny the amounts appropriated and expended for the Five Civi- lized Tribes during the fiscal years 19J2, 1913, 1914, J915, and 1916. CONGRESSIONAL APPROPRIATIONS. 1912 1913 1914 1916 1916 Administration ol affairs, Five Civilized Tribes: $175,000.00 174,909.23 $200,069.38 199,903.77 $250,546.62 250,467.71 $175,000 00 176,000.00 $175, 000. 00 172,687.87 90 77 165. 61 88.81 2,312.13 Protecting property interests of minor allottees, Five Civilized Tribes: 100,343.57 100,337.53 15,000.00 13,910.04 Balance 6.04 1,089.96 Fulfllling treaties with Cboctaws: 10,520.00 10,620.00 10,520.00 10,520.00 10, 620. 00 Balance ... . . 10,520.00 10,620.00 10,520.00 10,520.00 10,520.00 Sale of unallotted lands. Five Civilized Tribes (reimbursable): Appropriated. . . 25,000.00 24, 626. 36 40,026.46 39,960.62 474.64 65.84 Appraisement and sale of improvements on coal and asphalt lands, Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, Oklahoma (reim- bursable): Appropriated 5,000.00 5,000.00 Indian schools. Five Civilized Tribes: Appropriated 300,000.00 299,899.92 300,000.00 299, 426. 88 1 : 275,000.00 270,261.45 275,000.00 279 SQ7 79 Expended 100. 08 573. 12 ' 4,738.55 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. 235 Statement sJiowmg the amounts appi'opriated and expended for the Five Civi- lized THhes during the fiscal years 1912, 1913, 19Vi, 1915, and 1916.— ContA. 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Cherokee Orphan Training School, Five Civilized Tribes, Oklahoma: Appropriated 830,000.00 26,910.22 $35,000.00 24,162.26 835,000.00 19,485.78 Expended Balance 3,089.78 10, 837. 75 16,614.22 Cherokee Orphan Training School, Five Civilized Tribes, Oklahoma (repairs and improvements): Appropriated 15,000.00 13,857.42 7, 000. 00 6,900.96 Expended. Balance 1,142.58 99 04 Payment of drainage assessments on Creek allotted lands in Oklahoma (reimbursa- able): Appropriated 20,000.00 12,352.60 Expended ., Balance 7,647.40 Probate attorneys. Five Civilized Tribes, Oklahoma: Appropriated 85,000.00 77,907.85 85,000.00 82,501.12 Expended Balance 7,092.15 2,498.88 Oil and gas insnectors. Five Civilized Tribes, Oklahoma: Appropriated 25,000.00 12,124.42 25,000.00 20 980. 15 Expended Balance 12, 876. 58 4 019.85 SUMMARY. Total amount appropriated. , Total amount expended Balance. $285, 863. 57 275, 246. 76 10, 616. 81 $565, 689. 38 543, 239. 09 $651,092.46 629, 108. 03 $620,620.00 573, 313. 39 21,984.43 47, 206. 61 $612,520.00 676,453.67 36,066.33 TRIBAL FUNDS— EXPENDITURES, i Union agency, salaries, expenses, etc. . Five Tribes Commission, salaries, penses, etc Tribal attorneys Schools Total. $110, 104. 10 68,731.09 69,232.11 289,066.50 537, 133. 80 $65,404.86 36,526.69 52,996.22 272,291.31 $50,723.72 35, 899. 76 55, 742. 18 280, 140. 00 417, 218. 08 422, 505. 66 $167,059.29 13, 996. 55 27, 842. 36 262, 776. 63 451,674.83 $91,054.57 33, 504. 20 228, 475. 00 363, 093. 77 1 Does not include per capita payments or equalization of allotments. That is the same amount as appropriated last year. Mr. Carter. Mr. Meritt, how is it that it is necessary to increase the appropriation for the Five Civilized Tribes right along, when their affairs are in the process of settlement — of winding up and finally settled? Mr. Meritt. There has been a decrease in the appropriations dur- ing the last four or five years. Mr. Carter. Now, is that true? It may be true of this appropria- tion; but is that true of all the appropriations that you get with regard to the Five Civilized Tribes? 236 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. I think the total appropriations would not be in- creased, when you take into consideration the fact that heretofore they used tribal funds without authority of Congress; there is now an inhibition against that. Mr. Carter. Well, you have in this act, have you not, $35,000 or $40,000 of tribal funds in addition to these ; how much it is 1 Mr. Meritt. $35,000. Mr. Campbell. That is for the payment of department officers, for schools, and things of that sort, is it not? Mr. Meritt. That is an administration fund for the care and sale of tribal property. Mr. Carter. It is for the sale of tribal property. Now, you have, in addition to that, $85,000 for tribal attorneys? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Carter. Now. there is $185,000 and $85,000 and $35,000, mak- ing a total of $305,000. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. I will add to the justification the amount that we have expended in the Five Civilized Tribes for the last five years, including tribal funds. Mr. Carter. I will be glad to have you do that. The Chairman. The next item is as follows: That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized to pay to the enrolled members of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Tribes of Indians of Olila- homa entitled under existing law to share in the fvinds of said tribes, or to their lawful heirs, out of any moneys belonging to said tribes in the United States Treasury or deposited in any bank or held by any official under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior, not to exceed $200 per capita, said payment to be made under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe : Provided, That in cases where such enrolled members, or their heirs, are Indians who by reason o ftheir degree of Indian blood belong to the re- stricted class, the Secretary of the Interior may, in his discretion, withhold such payments and use the same for the benefit of such restricted Indians : Pro- vided further, That the money paid to the enrolled members as provided herein shall be exempt from any lien for attorneys' fees or other debt contracted prior to the passage of this act : Provided further. That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to use not to exceed $8,000 out of the Chickasaw and Choc- taw tribal funds for the expenses and the compensation of all necessary em- ployees for the distribution of the said per capita payments. That the Sec- retary of the Interior be, and he Is hereby, authorized to pay to the enrolled members of the Seminole Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma entitled under existing law to share in the funds of said tribe, or to their lawful heirs, out of any moneys belonging to said tribe in the United States Treasury or deposited in any bank or held by any official under the iurlsdictlon of the Secretary of the Interior, not to exceed $200 per capita: Provided, That said payment shall be made under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe : Provided further. That in cases where such enrolled members or their heirs are Indians who belong to the restricted class, the Secretary of the Interior may, in his discretion, withhold such payments and use the same for the benefit of such restricted Indians : Provided further, That the money paid to the enrolled members or their heirs as provided herein shall be exempt from any Hen for attorneys' fees or other debt contracted prior to the passage of this act. There is hereby appropriated a sum not to exceed $2,000 out of the funds of said Seminole Tribe for the payment of salaries and other expenses of said per Capita payment or payments. PEE CAPITA PAYMENTS, CHOCTAWS, CHICKASAWS, AND SEMINOLES. For the purpose of further carrying out the Atoka agreement with the Choc- taw and Chickasaw Tribes, act of Congress of .lune 28, 1898 (30 Stat. L., 495, 512, 513), and the supplemental agreement with said Indian tribes, adopted by the act of Congress of .Inly 1, 1902 (32 Stat. L., 641-654), It is recommended that an appropi-iation be made out of the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribal funds INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 237 for a per capita payment of not exceeding $200 to eacli of the enrolled members of said tribes entitled to share in said funds, or to the heirs of deceased enrolled members, and that it be provided that such payment shall be made under rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior, and that in cases where the enrolled members of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, or their heirs, arc Indians who by reason of their degree of Indian blood belong to the restricted class, the Secretary of the Interior may in his discretion withhold such payments and use the same for the benefit of such restricted Indians. These payments would be made from the tribal funds belonging to the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations and would not be n tax on the Federal Treasury. The books of the Indian Office show that on October 13, 1916, there was in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Choctaw :sation the sum of $1,876,315.47, and in banks in Oklahoma to th-^ credit of snid nation the sum of $3,144,712.36, a total of $5,021,027.83. D;-(iu:.'tiu;;- therefrom $1,958,- 525.65, the amount necessary to complete the per capita payment authorized in section 19 of the act of Congress of May 18, 1916, there will be remaining to the credit of the nation a balance of $3,062,502.18 available for the per capita payment herein recommended. The books of the. Indian Oftice also show that on October 13, 1916, there was in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Chickasaw Nation the sum of $325,591.43, and in banks in Oklahoma to the credit of said nation the sum of $717,206.81, a total of $1,042,798.24 available for the per capita pay- ment herein recommended to be made to the Chickasaw enrolled citizens. A $200 per capita payment to the 20,799 enrolled members of the Choctaw Nation entitled to share in the tribal funds will aggregate $4,159,800, and a $200 per capita payment to the 6,304 enrolled members of the Chickasaw Nation entitled to share in the tribal funds will aggregate $1,260,800, a total for both tribes of $5,420,600. The total sum in the Treasury of the United States and in banks in Oklahoma to the credit of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, and available for the per capita payment herein recommended, aggregates $4,105,300.42. There are approximately $7,000,000 due the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations by pur- chasers of the unallotted tribal lands, said approximate amount being that of the unpaid installments of the purchase price of the tribal lands sold. It is apparent that there will be sufficient tribal funds to make the per capita pay- ment herein recommended. For the purpose of further carrying out the agreement witli the Seminole Nation of Indians (see act of .July 1, 1898, 30 Stats. L., 567), and the supple- mental agreement witli said tribe (see act of June 2, 1900, 31 Stats. L., 250), and the provisions of section 17 of the aCt of April 26, 1906 (34 Stats. U., 137- 144), it is recommended that an appropriation be made out of the Seminole tribal funds foi* a per capita payment of not exceeding $200 to each of the enrolled members of the Seminole Nation entitled to share in the tribal funds, or to the heirs of the deceased enrolled members, and that it be provided that such payment shall be made under rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior, and that in cases where the enrolled members of the Seminole Nation or their heirs are Indians who, by reason of their, degree of Indian blood, belong to the restricted class, the Secretary of the Interior may in his discretion withhold such payments and use the same for the benefit of the restricted Indians. Tlie books of the Indian Office show that on October 13, 19J6, there was in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Seminole Nation the sum of $969,037.57, and in banks in Oklahoma the sum of $26,288.27, a total of $995,325.84. Deducting therefrom $280,100, the amount necessary to complete the per capita payment authorized in section 19 of the act of Congress of May 18. 1916, there will remain to the credit of the nation the sum of $715,225.84. in this connection attention is invited to the fact that in the Seminole agree- ment contained in the act of Congress of July 1, 1898, it was provided that $500,000 of the Seminole tribal funds held by the United States should be set apart as a permanent school fund for the education of children of the mem- bers of said tribe and should be held by the United States at 5 per cent in- terest or invested so as to produce such amount of interest which should be, after the extinguishment of the tribal government, applied by the Secretary of the Interior to the support of the Mekasuky and Emahaka Academies and the district schools of the Seminole people. The Emahaka Acadejiy has been closed owing to the litigation involving the title to the land on which the school buildings are situated. Approximately $20,000 out of the interest on the 238 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. •above-mentioned $500,000 was used during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, for the Mekasuky school. A sufficient sum out of the Seminole tribal funds should be. retained by the United States for the purpose of maintaining and supporting said tribal school. There will remain, however, a balance of ap- proximately $200,000 available for distribution to the 3,227 enrolled members of the Seminole Nation entitled to share in said tribal funds. Statement of tribal funds of the Choetawif, Chickasawf!, and Seminoles, Oct. IS, 1916. - CHOCTAW. Amount required for Choctaw payment ($300) act May 18, 1916_ $6,239,700.00 Amount advanced from funds in Treasury $3, 534, 386. 72 Amount withdrawn from funds in Olvlahoma hanks 746, 787. 63 banks -___ J 4,281,174.35 Amount required to complete payment 1, 958, 5 2 5. 65 Balance in Treasury Oct. 13, 1916 1,876,315.47 Balance in Oklahoma banks 3, 144, 712. 36 — 5, 021, 027. 83 Less amount required to complete payment 1,958,525.65 Approximate available balance 3, 062, 502. 18 CHICKASAW. Amount required for Chickasaw payment ($200) act May 18, 1916 1, 260, 800. 00 Amount advanced from funds in Treasury $827, 513. 28 Amount withdrawn from funds in Oklahoma banks_ 440, 995. 30 1, 268, 598. 58 Amount required to complete payment Balance in Treasury Oct. 13, 1916 325, 591. 43 Balance in Oklahoma banks 717, 206. 81 Approximate available balance 1, 042, 798. 24 SEMINOLE. Amount required for $300 payment, act May 18, 1916 938, 100. 00 Amount advanced from funds in Treasury 658, 000. 00 Amount required to complete payment 280, 100. 00 Balance in Treasury, Oct. 13, 1916 969,037.57 Balance in Oklahoma banks l 26,288.27 995, 325. 84 Less amount required to complete above payment 280, 100. 00 Approximate amount available 715, 225. 84 Mr. Norton. Is that pretty nearly all the funds they have now on hand? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Norton. $200 is about as large a per capita payment as the funds will permit to be paid ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Carter. You are making collections right along on that, are you not? INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 239 _ Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; with the collections that will be made dur- ing the next few months we will be enabled to pay that. Mr. Carter. That is the wind-up of the Seminole affairs? Mr. Meritt. It practically takes all of their funds, excepting a $500,000 fund held as a reserve for educational pvirposes under a proAdsion of law. The Chairman. The-next item is as follows : For salaries and expenses of such attorneys and other employees as the Sec- retary of the Interior may, in his discretion, deem necessary in probate matters affecting allottees or their heirs in the Five Civilized Tribes and in the several trbes of the Quapaw Agency, and for the costs and other necessary expenses incident to suits instituted or conducted by such attorneys, $85,000. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification: Probate 'attorneiis, Fii-e CiriUzcd Tribes, Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $85, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 85, 000. 00 Amount expended 82, 077. 74 Unexpended balance 2, 922. 26 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages . 68,433.94 Traveling expenses 7, 519. 62 Transportation of supplies 25. 32 Heat, light, and power (service) ± 12.15 Telegraph and telephone service 967. 12 Printing, binding, and .advertising ^ 56. .55 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 8.97 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 1, 230. 94 Rent 3,6.54.00 Miscellaneous 169. 13 Total 82, 077. 74 Probate matters in Oklahoma have assumed an enormous proportion, and the importance of maintaining an adequate force to vitalize the relationship which exists between the Government and the Indians is self-evident. There are approximately 47,000 probate cases pending in the 40 counties in eastern Okla- homa, and in most in.stances the county judges are unable, with the funds they have available, to give the proper attention each case demands, and as a con- sequence the recommendation made by the probate attorney governs the action taken in a large number of cases. Probate attorneys' work in assisting the county judges in matters affecting Indians has been highly commended by the county judges with whom they have come in contact. Many thousands of dollars have been saved for minor and other noncompetent Indians. The concerted action among the probate attor- neys to secure adjudication by the supreme court of the State of a number of important questions affecting Indians has been salutary and beneficial. Many suits have been instituted to clear titles where illegal conveyances have been made on restricted Indian lands. It would be well-nigh impossible for the Government to extend the necessary protection to these Indian wards in the State courts and in the Federal courts were it not for this important branch of the service, which should by all means be continued. Generally speaking, the probate service will include salaries and personal ex- penses of probate attorneys and their clerks, traveling expenses, rent, telegraph and telephone charges, expenses of printing, binding, advertising, etc., and other miscellaneous expenses. 240 INDIAN APPROPEIATION BILL. The following tabulated statement shows the status of the probate work for the year ended June 30, 1916 : 1. Number cases pending first day of year 44, 898 2. Number cases pending last day of year 46, 949 3. Number regular cases in which attorney appeared 21, 741 4. Number civil actions instituted 416 5. Amount involved in such civil actions $1,382,238 6. Number civil actions finally determined 256 7. Number criminal actions instituted 91 8. Number criminal actions finally determined 19 9. Number new bonds filed 2,277 10. Amount covered by new bonds $2, 625, 945 11. Number guardians removed or discharged 2, 584 12. Conservation of funds : (o) Bank deposits $571,671 ( b ) Investments $1, 243, 301 13. Amount saved to minors and others .$1, 487, 158 14. Number inherited land sales 1, 146 15. Number minor allotment land sales 450 16. Niimber citations issued 7, 198 17. Number quit-claim deeds obtained 123 18. Number official letters and reports 57, 224 19. Number conferences with allottees and others (approximate) 49,4.59 20. Number leases drafted by probate attorneys 222 21. Number other leases passed upon by probate attorneys 555 22. Number aijpraisements secured from Government appraisers 583 This is the same amount that lias been appropriated for a' number of years, and it is to care for the force of probate attorneys who look after the estates of minors in the Five Civilized Tribes. Mr. Carter. How many probate attorneys have you ? Mr. Meritt. We have 18. Mr. Carter. And each one of them has a stenographer, or secre- tary? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairjiax. I see this includes the Quapaws ; they have quite a mining interest? Mr. Meritt. Yes,' sir; they have quite a mining development there. The Chairman. And that is the reason for these additional attor- neys ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. The next item is: For the support, continuance, and maintenance of the Cherokee Orphan Training School, near Tahlequah, Okla., for the orphan Indian children of the State of Oklahoma belonging to the restricted class, to be conducted as an industrial school under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, $30 000; for repairs and improvements, $4,500; for heating systems, $6,000; for new dining room and kitchen and employees' quarters, $12,700 ; in all $53,200. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for the record the following justification: Cherokee Orphan Training School, Fire CivUixea Tribes, Oklahoma. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917: Amount appropriated $40,000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 42 000 00 Amount, expended 25' 8I1' 92 Unexpended balance 1 16, 188. < \^''i^i? °°* ^ final balance as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charepfl against the appropriation. •' ^ tuaigeu INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 241 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages «o aro 90 Traveling expenses __ _ J ; ^S, 4bci. ^8 Telegraph and telephone service 'I qI' S Subsistence supplies 4 -j^a 50 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc l" 573] 34 Forage ' gg^.' _„ Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 882 82 Educational, stationery, and office supplies ~ iqo'nq Medical supplies Illlllinil 50 95 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 76' 99 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 2 704 98 Construction g 245' 22 Repairs (to plant) ~ _ ' 655 74 Miscellaneous sg -,0 Total 25, 811. 92 Statistical statement for the year ending June SO, 1916. Value of school plant, real property ,«37 115 Number of buildings ' ' {q Number of employees 12 Total salaries Sg ^^§5 Average attendance of pupils ' 09 Average enrollment §0 Capacity 110 Cost per capita based on average enrollment '$221 Cost per capita based on average attendance $356 Area of school land (acres) 60 Area of school land (acres cultivated) 50 Value of products of school sewing room ^$470 Value of agricultural products '$1,458 There were also used miscellaneous receipts, class IV $591 Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1918. Support $30,000 Repairs and improvements 1, 500 New buildings and heating system 21, 500 Total 53, 000 AMOUNT REQUESTED IN PROPOSED BILL. Support and education of orphan Indian children of the restricted class in the Cherokee Orphan Training School, and superintendent's salary .$30, 000 Repairs and improvements 4, 500 New buildings and heating system 18, 700 Total ^ 53, 200 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent $1, 225 Clerk, 12 months, at $60 720 Physician, 12 months, at $50 600 Principal teacher, 9 months, at $85 765 Primary teacher, 9 months, at $65 .585 Manual-training teacher, 12 months, at $75 900 Matron, 12 months, at $50 600 Seamstress, 12 months, at $40 480 Laundress, 12 months, at $40 480 ' The per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Sept. 7, 1916 (Public No. 264, 64th Cong.). , . . , ., „ ^Amount given includes both material and labor of employees and pupils. ' Amount given Includes products from farm, garden, dairy, and stock. 71486—16 16 242 INDIAN APPROPttlAtlON BILL. Cook, 12 months, at $50 $600 Nurse, 9 months, at $70 630 Farmer, 12 months, at $60 ■ 720 Total 8, 305 This is a school for orphan Indian children of the restricted class in the State of Oklahoma. Its capacity has been increased from 60 to 110. The amount requested for general repairs and improvements is $4,500. In addition to general repairs, it is necessary to do some remodeling iu order that all departments of the school may be fitted to accommodate the increased capacity. The main building is now heated with wood-burning stoves, as are also the school building and the superintendent's cottage. As a matter of fire protec- tion, as well as to add to the comfort of the pupils and employees, a suitable heating system is required. It is estimated $6,000 will provide a heating sys- tem which will meet the needs of the school. The school dining room is now in the basement of the main building, an old structure, dark and insanitary. The -school kitchen is in the same basement. This department should be taken out of the old basement and placed in a suitable building. .'}>12,700 will provide an adequate building. That is an increase of $13,200 over the appropriation of last year. Mr. Norton. What is the purpose of providing that this appro- priation shall apply to " orphan children of the State of Oklahoma belonging to the restricted class " rather than to the children of the Five Civilized Tribes? Mr. Meeitt. There are quite a number of Indian children in the ■western part of Oklahoma, and we thought we would make this a general orphan school for the Indians of the State of Oklahoma rather than to limit it to the Five Civilized Tribes. Mr. Carter. Of course, it does not make any difference to me, but my understanding was that what the bill provided Avas that it was just to be a school for the Five Civilized Tribes. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. It is provided for out of gratuity appro- priations, and we have some cases coming up from western Okla- homa that are exceedingly deserving, and we thought we should not discriminate. Mr. Carter. I have no objection to it. The Chairman. Well, you have an orphan home in western Okla- homa, have you not, among the Blanket Indians? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. The Chairman. The next item is: The sum of $275,00, to be expended in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior, under rules and regulations to be prescribed bv him, in aid of the ' common schools in the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chicfmsaw, and Seminoli- Nations and the Quapaw Agency, in Oklahoma, during the fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1918: Provided, That this appropriation shall not be subject to the limitation in section 1 of this act, limiting the expenditure of monev to educate , children of less than one-fourth Indian blood. Mr. Merii-t. We offer for the record the following justification: Indian schools, Five Civilixed Tribes. Fiscal year ending .lune 30, 1917: Amount appropriated .$275,000.00 Fiscal year ended .lune 30, 1916 : Amount appropriatetl 275 000 00 Amount expended 273' 967' 79 Unexpended balance ^1 032 2i aga™'the°appryithout specific appropriation ny 1 Also actual travel and subsistence while on duty in the field. 244 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Congress, except as follows : Equalization of allotments, per capita, and othei- payments authorized by law to individual members of the respective tribes, tribal and other. Indian schools for the current fiscal year under existing law, salaries and contingent expenses of governors, chiefs, assistant chiefs, secre- taries, interpreters, and mining trustees of the tribes for the current fiscal year at salaries at the rate heretofore paid, and attorneys for said tribes employed under contract approved by the President, under existing law, for the current fiscal year : Provided further. That the Secretary of the Interior is hereny authorized to continue during the ensuing fiscal year the tribal and other schools among the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Tribes from the tribal funds of those nations, within his discretion and under such rules and regu- lations as he may prescribe: And provided further. That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby empowered, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, to expend funds of the Chickasa\-s', Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole Nations avail- able for school purposes under existing law for such repairs, improvements, or new buildings as he may deem essential for the proper conduct of the several schools of said tribes. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for the record the following justification: SALE OF UNALLOTTEI) LANDS, ITCVE CIVILIZED TRIBES. There are about 91.5,.500 acres of land undisposed of in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, classified as follows : Eight hundred and twenty-three thou- sand five hundred acres of timber land, 92,000 acres of the surface of the segi-e- gated coal and a.sphalt lands, and 500 acres of unallotted land ; also, about 2,.500 acres of unallotted land in the Creek and Seminole Nations, the total area being divided into approximately 7,200 tracts. There are about 23,000 tracts of unallotted and timberlands heretofore sold on which only partial payments have been made which must be collected, to- gether with interest thereon. This character of work, also that of preparing for the sales, selling of the land, preparation of certificates of purchase, record- ing and delivering deeds, requires accuracy and all possible care to avoid future complications. It i.s difficult to sufficiently emphasize in writing the tremendous amount of work necessary in connection with unallotted-land sales, collection of deferred payments, interest thereon, preparation of certificates of purchase, issuance of fleeds, etc., and, as tlie unsold lands must be re-offered until they are finally disposed of, it is most urgently recommended that ijn appropriation of ,$35,000 for this purpo.se be allowed, with not to exceed $5,000 of such amount to be used in connection with the collection of rents, as provided therein. You will note that ^ve are reducing the amount of this item from $10,000 to not exceeding $5,000 for collection of rents. The Chairman. The next item is: For fulfilling treaties witli Clioctaws, Okhihoma : For permanent annuitv (art. 2, treaty of Nov. 16, 1805, an Amount expended 11, 663. 90 Balance ^ 336. 10 ' Analysis of expenditures: Repairs to plant 11,663.00 Statistical statement for year ending June 30, 1916. Value of school plant (real property) $293,065 Number of buildings 65 Number of employees 51 Total salaries $38, 500 Average attendance of pupils 441 Average enrollment 498 Capacity ^^2 Cost per capita based on average enrollment $196 Cost per capita based on average attendance-.^ $222 Area of school land ^ acres__ 441 Area of school land cultivated" l'i'8 Value of products of school, including both materials and labor of employees and school pupils $4, 704 Value of agricultural products, including products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock $10, 872 Expended from miscellaneous receipts, Class IV_^ $1, 000 1 This Is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged *^2 Thl D^r ?aRfta'e'os*t*is'now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year m compulnce with the act of Apr.' 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Sept 7 1916, Public No. 264, Sixty-fourth Congress. » This does not Include 70 acres in pasture. 254 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. SUPEEINTENDENT S ESTIMATE OF ABSOLUTE NEEDS FOR 1918. Support ^_^_. .$102,000 Repairs and improvements 20,000 New buildings 40, 000 Total 162, 000 AMOUNT BEQUESTED IN PROPOSED BILL. Support and education of 600 Indian pupils and superintendent's salary. 102, 200 Repairs and improvements 20, 000 New buildings. Including dairy barn, printing office, employees' quar- ters and cottages, aud'an addition to hospital 40,000 Total 1 162, 200 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent $2, 000 Assistant superintendent and principal 1, 600 Clerk : 1, 100 Financial clerk 1, 000 Clerk 840 Do : 720 Do 600 Physician 720 Disciplinarian 900 Assistant disciplinarian 720 Teacher 750 Do 720 Do 720 Do 660 Do 600 Do 600 Do 600 Do 600 Do 600 Teacher of agriculture 1, 000 Industrial teacher. Domestic science teacher. Matron Assistant matron Do Do Do 720 660 840 600 600 600 600 Assistant matron $580 Do 540 Instructor in mechanical draw- ing and woodwork 840 Nurse [ 720 Seamstress 660 Assistant seamstress 540 Laundress 540 Assistant laundress 420 Baker 600 Cook 600 Assistant cook 420 Hospital cook 480 Carpenter , 900 Assistant carpenter 720 Tailor 800 Shoe and harness maker 780 Blacksmith : 800 Gardener 800 Engineer 1, 100 Assistant engineer 720 Dairyman 720 Printer i, OOO Painter 720 Laborer 720 Do 500 Total 38, For the Salem School, Oregon, is requested an appropriation for the support of 600 pupils, including the salary of the superintendent, ,fl02,200. This is nu increase of .$200 over the appropriation for 1917, but does not e^:ceed a cost per pupil of .$167, the basis of computation which has been customarv hereto- fore. An item of $20,000 is desired for general repairs and improvements, which is an increase of $8,000 over the amount appropriated for the current year. For the fiscal year 1913 there was allowed .$9,000 for repairs and improvements and for the fiscal years 1914 and 1915 $12,000. This school was established at its present location in 1884; there are 65 buildings, many of them of frame construction. The humid nature of the climate due to long rainy seasons is, of course, well known. Attention is In- vited to these facts because moneys heretofore available for upkeep have ap- parently been insufficient to maintain the buildings, and the water sewer lighting, and plumbing systems in proper condition. ' ' The condition especially of the heating, piping, and plumbing has been charncterized by inspecting officials as deplorable for several years past In one instance it was said that nearly every radiator and nearl'v everv faucet INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. 255 in the \Yhole sj-stem was leaking. Although consiilerable money has been ex- pended to remedy these conditions the results have not been pen'naiient. There Is apparently some gritty sediment in the water at Salem. Many of the frame buildings are in need of repair and a great deal of paint- ing is necessary each year. Some of the structures are characterizea as anti- quated and rotten. Floors are worn out, requiring replacing ; walls are broken and defaced. In many of the dormitories windows are small, ceilings low, und no night toilets provided. Conditions are not snnititry. It seems impracticable at this time to attempt the giving of estimates of the cost of eacli of the many purposes for which the funds should be used. The amount requested will not be more tlian sufficient to do what can be done in one year to restore this plant to a condition which shall be creditable. It is proposed to use $40,000 for a new dairy barn, printing office, employees quarters, and addition to the hospital. This is a large school which reaches at times an enrollment of 700 pvipils. The presence of so large a number of pupils calls for operation-^ on a large scale. There is now a dairy barn, built in 1908 accommodating 40 cows, but this has proven insufficient, and a new and modern structure has been recommended as de.«iirable for the general good of the school, assurance of sanitary conditions and for proper instruction in dairying. The present printing office is conducted in a frame office building which was completed in 1883. The printing office is in the second story under a dormer roof, where space is insufficient and conditions unsuitable. This buildnig cost, originally .$2,000 and is now worth $300. The present employees' mess building, which houses some single employee?;, was constructed in 1891, and is not now suited to its purpose nor in proper condition. The superintendent reports this building as rotten, unsafe, iind in- sanitiiry, an eyesore to the plant, and urges the erection of a suit"ble building with bed chambers, dining hall, and kitchen, and capacity to t;ike care of 40 persons. New cottages are desired because there have not been at any time a sufficient number of cottages to accommodate all married employees. The hospital is a fairly commodious brick structure, but there are no sleeping porches. These are essential, one at each end of the building for the boys and girls, and they should be provided. The hospital buHding is not large enough to take care of the patients properly, and an addition should be constructed and better ventilation provided throughout. This is the largest Indian school in the Pacific northwest and has a large Indian population to serve in that region. Native Alaskan Indian children are almost exclusively enrolled here and are usually bright and ambitious pupils. It has farm land ample for agriculture, gardening, and the production of small fruits generally and has done creditable work along the.se lines. Its canning operations and the exhibits of its various products at the Oregon State Fair have attracted favorable notice. The school should be maintained upon a thoroughly efficient basis and with sufficient funds the superintendent can accomplish many important improvements \vhde ad- vancing generally all conditions in the school. You will note that we are asking for quite a number of new build- ings, and also asking that the repair and improvement fund be materially increased. The condition of that Indian school has been nermitted to deteriorate, because of lack of adequate appropriations. We have recently changed the superintendents, and have an aggres- sive and able superintendent in charge there, and we hope to put the school on a substantial businesslike basis. The CHiiEMAX. I see that you have a $20,000 addition, m line 7, page 89 for a new building. What is that for? You know they have wanted for years— and I believe it was granted them— an Mr MERiTT.That assembly hall has been constructed. That $20,000 is for improvements of the buildings. We have at that school 65 buildings altogether, and they are frame construction, and because of climatic conditions, having a great deal of ram in that country, the woaden buildings deteriorate rapidly. We have not heretofore had sufficient repair funds to keep that plant in proper condition, and it 256 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. is now absolutely necessary that we do something, or the plant will go to pieces. The Chairman. I see the law authorizes Indian children from Alaska to be brought to that school at Salem. How many Alaska Indian children are attending? Mr. Meeitt. Something like 100. The Chairman. What are the natives of Alaska? There was for a long time a question as to whether any of the Alaska natives were really Indians ; it was claimed that they were all Esquimos. Has the department ever gone into that question? Mr. Meritt. No, sir; the department has never gone into that question. The Chairman. Well, is there no danger of bringing Esquimos down there? Mr. Meritt. I have visited this Salem school and have seen In- dians there from Alaska, and I can testify from what I have seen that they are real Indians. The Chairman. Well, I can join you in the first part of your state- ment. I have been there and looked them over, but I could not tell whether they were Indians or Esquimos. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; they are full-blood Indians. The Chairman. I think thev have some Aleuts there, and that seems to be a general name for Indians in Alaska. But it is racially quite a question; and I have asked the Delegate in Congress from Alaska, Mr. Wickersham, about it, and he seems to be in doubt on the question. The Clerk. I see the superintendents ask for only $102,000 in that justification. Mr. Meritt. That is for the support fund, based on the $167 per capita, in addition to the salary of the superintendent. The Clerk. I knoAv, but you are asking for $102,200 in your bill. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; but we are asking for the regular amount; that is only a difference of $200. The Chairman. The next item is — For support and civilization of Indians at Grande Ronde and Siletz Agencies, Oreg., including pay of employees, $4,000. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : Support of Indians of Grande Ronde and Siletz Agencies, Oreg. Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1917, amount appropriated ,$4, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 4, 000. 00 Amount expended 3, 800. 55 Unexpended balance 199.45 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages— , 2,116.11 Traveling expenses 220. 50 Transportation of supplies 34. 67 Telegraph and telephone service 27. 99 Subsistence supplies ' 494.06 Forage 92. 20 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 185. 18 Educational, stationary, and office supplies 41. 50 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 257 Analysis of expenditures — Contiuued. Medical supplies $169. 34 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 22. 10 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 148.23 Miscellaneous 248.67 3, 800. 55u This sum is required for the administration and support of 425» Indians on Grande Eonde and Siletz Reservations. In addition to. the usual support items, a comparatively large sum is required for subsistence and medical supplies for indigent old Indians. That is the same amount as in the current Indian appropriation act. The Chairman. The next item is — For the construction of the Modoc Point extension project, to irrigate approximately 2,18.5 acres, upon the Klamath Indian Reservation, in accordance VFith the plans submitted by the chief engineer in the Indian Service and approved by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior, $29,000, reimbursable, as provided for the Modoc Point project in the act of March 3, 1911. Mr. Meritt. "VVe offer for the record the following justification: IKKIGATION SYSTEM, KLAMATH BESERVATION, OBEG. (REIMBURSABLE). No appropriation for 1916 or 1917. Indian tribes, Pitt River, Klamath, Modoc, and Paiute. Number of Indians, 1,145. Area of reservation, 1,019,176 acres. Area irrigable from completed work, new project. Area actually irrigated, new project. Area farmed by Indians, new project. Area farmed by lessees, new project. Area farmed by white owners, new project. Area of whole project, 2,135 acres. Gost of irrigation construction (estimated), $29,000. Estimated total cost of completed project, $13.60 per acre. Average value of Irrigated land, $75 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 15 inches. Source of water supply, Sprague River. Market for products, local (good). Distance from railroad, 1 to 4 miles. The Modoc Point project diverts water from the Sprague River by means of a substantial concrete dam and carries water to the lands on the southeast side of the Williamson River. It is proposed to extend to the opposite side of the Williamson River the water diverted from the Sprague River by con- structing a flume and canal which will supply a little over 2,100 acres of allotted Indian lands. The Indians occupying these allotments have urged for some time that thev should receive irrigation, and the industry of the other Indians on the Klamath Reservation who have been supplied with water indi- cates that the construction of this proposed extension will give these Indians an opportunity to farm, which they will make good. , ^^. ^^ ,. The very low unit cost being less than $14 per acre makes this an attractive project and the fact that these are urging that the work be undertaken seems to leave no doubt of the value of the proposed work. This is a new project. ^ j. .., . • ^ -j; ■* Mr. Campbell. What would be the total cost of that project it it is undertaken? d.no nnn Mr. Meritt. This will cover the entire cost, $29,000. The Chairman. Well, is that the cost submitted by the chief engineer ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 71486—16^ 17 258 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. The Indians themselves are very anxious that we get this extension project so that they can get their allotments. The Chairman. It is on the opposite side of the river, as I under- stand it from the main Indian reservation, and we know that at the present time irrigating a great deal of the main reservation. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; we are irrigating the original project, and this is on the opposite side of the river. It seems to be a very deserv- ing project. The Chairman. About how many acres? Mr. Meritt. Two thousand one hundred acres, and it will cost about $14 per acre to irrigate the land, and it will make the land very much more valuable than it is now. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For maintenance and operation of tlie Modoc Point irrigation system witliin the Klamath Indian Reservation, in the State of Oregon, $5,000, reimbursable in accordance with the provisions of the act of March 3, 1911. ' Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Maintenance and operation, Modoc Point irrigation system, Klamath Reserva- tion, Oreg. (reimiursahle) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated * $20, 00 0. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 4, 740. 00 Amount expended 4, 626. 05 Unexpended balance 113. 95 Analysis of expenditures; Salaries and wages 4, 236. 33 Traveling expenses 58. 67 Transportation of supplies 55. 06 Telegraph and telephone service 1. 33 Forage 69.80 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 73. 15 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 12. 399 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 119. 32 4, 626. 05 Indian Tribes : Pitt River, Klamath, Modoc, and Paiute. Number of Indians, 1,152. Area of reservation, 1,019,176 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 4,500 acres. Area actually irrigated, 700 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 550 acres. Area of whole project, 6,000 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, $173,905.33. Cost of operation, maintenance and miscellaneous, $6,980.14. Estimated total irrigation cost $29 per acre. Average value of irrigated land, $50 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 15 Inches. Source of water supply, Sprague River. Market for products, local (fair). Distance from railroad, through project. The Indians under this project are making a remarkable showing and should have all encouragement possible, so that their efforts in agricultural pursuits may be successful. In order to keep their irrigation system in good order, $5,000 should be provided for the operation, maintenance, cleaning, and patrol for the fiscal year. The total area is about 6,000 acres and a number of miles of newly constructed drainage ditches must be cared for. 1 Appropriation for 1917 designated, " Modoc Point irrigation system, Klamath Reser- vation, Oreg. (reimbursable), 1917." IKDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 259 Last year we had $20,000 for this purpose. Mr. Campbell. That is, for the construction? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. Well, will it cost $5,000 a year to maintain a con- struction of $20,000 ? Mr. Meeitt. We have been constructing that for a number of years, and the total cost of construction amounts to $173,905. The total acreage under the project is 4,500, and the estimated total cost of irrigation per acre is $29. We have got the project completed, and we now ask for a small appropriation to maintain it. The Chairman. This was the original project that you spoke of? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. And this new project that you now speak of is an extension of the original project, as I understand it? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chaieman. The next item is: For the purchase of a tract or tracts of land on the Columbia River, for the purpose of providing fishing grounds for the Warm Springs and other middle Oregon tribes, not to exceed $5,000, to be immediately available. Mr. Meritt. This is a new item, and I would like to submit the justification at this time. PTJECHASE OF LAND FOR WAEM SPRINGS AND OTHER INDIANS. In 1865 the Indians of middle Oregon were induced to sign a treaty vsrhereby they relinquishhed all the fishing rights theretofore reserved to themselves by the treaty of June 25, 1855. The Indians contend that they were misled into signing the treaty of 1865 and were totally unaware that they were disposing of their fishing grounds. The Warm Springs Indians, one of the signatories to the aforesaid treaty, are largely dependent upon fish for their subsistence, and it Is proposed to purchase one or more small tracts of land where obtainable for the purpose of providing them a suitable river frontage. This action in behalf of the Indians is the only means open to us whereby a measure of com- pensation can be made to them for their loss. They have ceded their rights to the land on the Columbia Eiver, and we feel that The Chairman (interposing). There is quite a friction there be- tween the States of Oregon and Washington with reference to the right of the Indians to fish in the Columbia Eiver? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. And there has been a persistent effort made to keep the Indians from going into the river to fish, and I think possi- bly this will be a great aid to them. From time out of mind they have had that right, and it is prescriptive rights that I think the Government ought to protect them in. Mr. Meeitt. The Indians, as you say, have had considerable trou- ble with regard to their fishing rights, and we want to secure their rights. PENNSYLVANIA. The Chaieman. The next item is as follows: For support and education of eight hundred Indian pupils at the Indian school at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, including pay of superintendent, $136,250 ; for general repairs and improvements, $15,000 ; in all, $151,250. 260 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for the record the following justification: Indian school, Carlisle, Pa. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $132, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 132, 000. 00 Amount expended 130, 880. 58 ' Unexpended balance 1, 119. 42 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages_I . 56, 233. 14 Traveling expenses 1, 427. 57 Transportation of supplies 772. 77 Heat, liglit, and power (service) 3,722.12 Telegraph and telephone service 286. 81 Printing, binding and advertising 17. 12 Subsistence supplies 25, 959. 56 Dry goods, vs'earing apparel, etc 15, 513. 98 Forage 1, 032. 63 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 13, 007. 50 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 1, 078. 71 Medical supplies 735. 11 Live stock 2, 140. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 876. 11 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 6, 637. 49 Rent of land 400. 00 Miscellaneous 1, 039. 96 130, 880. 58 EEPAIBS AND IMPEOVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated 20,000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 20,. 000. OO Amount expended 19, 663. 78 Amount unexpended balance 336. 22 Analysis of expenditures: Repairs to plant 19, 663. 78' STATISTICAL STATEMENT FOE TEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1916. Value of school plant (real property), $457,400. Number of buildings, 48. Number of employees, 77. Total salaries, $59,750. Average attendance of pupils,. 452. Average enrollment, 705. Capacity, 757. Cost per capita based on average enrollment, $182. Cost per capita based on average attendance, $284. Area of school land, 316 acres." Area of school land cultivated, 287 acres. Value of products of school, $31,861.'' Value of agricultural products, .$15,477.'' Expended of miscellaneous receipts, class 4, $2,664. The per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year m compliance with the act ol April 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act aDuroved September 7, 1916, Public, No. 264, Sixty-fourth Congress. approved =^ This includes both materials and labor of employees and school pupils - This includes products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock. INDIAN APPBOPRIATION BILL. 261 superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1918. Support $136, 250 Repairs and improvements 15, 000 Total 151, 250 requested in proposed bill. Support and education of 800 Indian pupils and superintendent's salary _ __ $136, 250 Repairs and improvements 15,000 Total 151, 250 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent Principal Chief clerk Stenographer and typewriter Clerk Do Do Physician Disciplinarian Assistant disciplinarian and band leader Assistant disciplinarian Music teacher Teacher Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Teacher of free-hand drawing. Storekeeper Boys' field agent Girls' field agent Librarian Matron Domestic science teacher Assistant matron.' Do Do Nurse $2,650 1,500 1,500 720 1,000 720 720 1,400 1,000 840 800 720 840 840 810 780 750 720 720 690 690 660 630 720 1,000 1,100 900 660 1,000 840 660 660 600 720 Seamstress Assistant seamstress. Do Laundress Assistant laundress— Baker Cook Hospital cook Farm cook Printer Mason Painter 600 500 600 420 660 660 300 300 1, 200 750 840 Teacher of agriculture 1, 100 Farmer 900 Shoemaker 660 Carpenter 900 Tailor 900 Blacksmith 800 Teamster 540 Engineer 1, 100 Fireman 540 Laborer 480 Do 450 Indian assistant ' 300 Do.' 240 Indian assistant 180 Do 180 Do - 180 Laborer 600 Do 600 Do . -■ 480 Director of mechanic arts 1, 500 50, 820 This is the first year that a specific number of pupils has been mentioned for the Carlisle School. The amount, $136,250, provides for 800 pupils at $167 per capita per annum, including salaries of employees, subsistence, clothing, and supplies necessary in the academic and industrial training of the pupils. Tlie amount required for 1918, $15,000, for repairs and improvements, has been reduced 25 per cent from that of previous years for this purpose. The Carlisle School plant, comprising 50 buildings, requires constant attention in the way of repairs and improvements. That is a reduction of $750 for that school. 1 Payable from " Indian moneys, proceeds of labor, Carlisle School." 262 INDIAN APPBOPKIATION BILL. The Chairman. The next item is as follows: The sum of $1,000, bequeathed to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School under the will of Bradford R. Wood, late of Albany, N. Y., and deposited in the Treasury of the United States, is hereby appropriated and shall remain avail- able until expended for the purpose of assisting needy students from the Carlisle Indian School in extending their education to become trained nurses. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for the record the following justification : Under the will of Bradford R. Wood, late of Albany, N. y., the sum of $1,000 was bequeathed to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. This money can not be used without authority of law, and the item is desired in order to render the money available for the use of the institution. It is desired to use this money in order to assist poor and deserving Indian girl graduates from the Carlisle School to pursue further courses in nursing and thus fit themselves to become efficient trained nurses. The sum of $1,000 has been bequeathed to that school, and we would like to have authority to use that $1,000 now in the Treasury for the needy pupils. SOUTH DAKOTA. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : Sec. 21. For support and education of 365 Indian pupils at the Indian school at Flandreau, S. Dak., and for pay of superintendent, $62,955; for general repairs and improvements, $8,000; for girls' industrial buUding, $10,000; for new barn, $3,000 ; in all, $83,955. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Indian scliool, Flandreau, S. Dak. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $61, 500. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated • 61, 500. 00 Amount expended 60, 973. 12 Unexpended balance : ' 526. 88 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 29, 825. 99 Traveling expenses 682. 26 Transportation of supplies 563. 81 Heat, light, and power (service) 326.35 Telegraph and telephone service 98. 72 Subsistence supplies 15, 108. 26 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 4, 709. 06 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 3,603.58 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 1, 068. 08 Medical supplies 373. 52 Live stock 300. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 652. 41 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 3, 145. 63 Rent 120.00 Miscellaneous 395. 45 Total 60, 973. 12 ^ This is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged against the appropriation. INDIAN APPKOPEIATION BILL. 263 S, 000. 00 KEPAIES AND IMPROVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated L_ Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 ■ ~ Amount appropriated (. ^f.^ ^ Amount expended IIIIIIIIZIIIIIZIZIZ 5 537 97 Unexpended balance 462~03 Analysis of expenditures: ===== Construction „„„ Repairs (to plant) ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 4, 808 28 Total . 5, 537. 97 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent i Clerk Assistant clerk Do : Physician Disciplinarian and band in- structor Principal Teacher Do_i Do Do Do Do Do Manual-training teacher Domestic-science teacher Teacher of agriculture Matron Assistant matron Do Housekeeper Nurse Seamstress $2, 000. 1,320 780 720 720 1,000 1,100 780 750 720 720 630 600 600 900 660 900 720 600 560 560 720 600 Assistant seamstress Do Laundress Assistant laundress ^__ Baker Cook Assistant cook Farmer-- Carpenter Shoe and harness maker- Engineer Assistant engineer Assistant Do Do Do ,-. Do Do Do Laborer Do Statistical statement for year ending June 30, 1916. Value of school plant, real property Number of buildings Number of employees Total salaries Average attendance of pupils Average enrollment Capacity : : Cost per capita based on average enrollment Cost per capita based on average attendance Area of school land (acres) Area of school land (acres cultivated) Value of products of school (including both materials and labor of employees and school pupils) Value of agricultural products ( including products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock) Expended also of " Miscellaneous receipts. Class IV " $800 300 520 300 520 560 300 840 720 760 1,000 600 eoo 60O 600 480 420 420 300 540 240 29, 580 $203, 200 29 44 $29, 580 341 379 360 '$157 $173 481 132 $3,672 $11, 401 $1, 664 1 The per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act ap- proved Sept. 7, 1916 (Public, No. 264, 64th Cong). 264 INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. superintendent's estimate op absolute needs fob 1918. Support $68, 500 Repairs and improvements 8, 000 New buildings 13, 000 89, 500 REQUESTED IN PKOPOSED BILL. Support and education of 365 Indian pupils at the Indian scliool, Flan- dreau, S. Dak., and superintendent's salary 62, 955 Repairs and improvements 8, 000 New buildings 13, 000 Total 83, 955 The amount for support, $62,955, is for maintenance of 365 pupils plus the superintendent's salary, which is $2,000. This is an increase of $1,455 over the amount appropriated last year, and is asiked for because of increased cost of all supplies and the need of additional employees. There is needed $8,000 for general repairs and improvements. This is an increase of $2,000 over last year's appropriation and is slightly less than 4 per cent on the valuation of the school plant, which is $203,200. The original plant was erected in 1892, and the buildings have been in constant use for nearly 24 years. Other buildings have been added, and the 29 brick and frame buildings belonging to the school are valued at $134,000. Several of these buildings need new roofs, new floors, and other repairs, and a new boiler is needed in the steam- heating plant to replace the present boiler, which has been in use nearly 20 years. There is needed $10,000 for a girls' Industrial building, large enough to prop- erly house the domestic-science department and also for quarters for the gen- eral sewing room. The present quarters are entirely too small, only two rooms being now available in addition to a poorly lighted basement room. Three thousand dollars is needed for a new horse barn. This barn is necessary, so that the space now taken by horses may be utilized for additional cow stalls and the entire barn used for cattle only. This plan would give the horses less crowded quarters and provide room for about 15 more cows and several calf pens. Proper sanitary methods also require this. The school is located in one of the finest agricultural sections of the Northwest, is well equipped, has a large farm, and Is doing splendid work. It should be maintained for many years in order that adequate facilities may be furnished for advanced Indian pupils from adjoining States, from which the school largely draws its pupils. Those improvements have been urged by the superintendent, and they are needed at the school. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For support and education of 250 Indian pupils at the Indian school at Pierre, S. Dak., including pay of superintendent, $46,125 ; for general repairs and improvements, $6,000 ; for gymnasium and assembly hall, $25,000 ; for new boiler and boiler stack and installation thereof, $4,000; for two new busses, $900; in all, $82,025. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for the record the following justification: Indian Scliool, liierre, S. Dak. Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1917, amount appropriated $43, 750. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 43, 750. 00 Amount expended - 42, 064.84 Unexpended balance : ' 1, 685. 16 1 This is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged against the appropriation. INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages • <|.ir- Traveling expenses 1 ZZ"ZZZIZI Transportation of supplies Z Z__ZZZZZZZ Heat, light, and power (service) __ i lelegraph and telephone service ZZ _ZZZ__ Printing, binding, and advertising Z_ Subsistence supplies ^ "" o Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc "~ «' Forage ~ "' Fuel, illuminants. lubricants, etc ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 2 Educational, stationery, and office supplies Medical supplies " Live stocls: Implements, vehicles, tools, etc__Z__Z Z -ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ" Sundry supplies, equipment, etc Z__Z Z ~ 2 Miscellaneous ' 265 727. 14 97.46 364. 12 071. 78 42.57 7.40 108. 87 172. 53 681. 50 479. 43 603. 32 139. 01 400.00 458. 82 299. 63 411. 26 Total . 42_ 0g4 84 BEPAIES AND IMPKOVEMBNTS. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1917, amount appropriated 6, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated g qOq qo Amount expended T 5 676 26 Unexpended balance- 323. 74 Analyses of expenditures: Repairs (to plant) 5,676.26 Salaries, 1917. Seamstress Laundress Cook Nurse Farmer Carpenter Shoe and harness maker. Engineer Assistant Do Laborer Do $540 500 500 720 900 780 720 1,000 300 300 600 60G Superintendent $2, 000 Clerk 900 Financial clerk 720 Physician , 720 Disciplinarian 720 Principal teacher 900 Teacher 660 Do 600 Do 600 Do 570 Matron 720 Assistant matron 600 Do 500 Do 300 17,970 Statistical statement for year ending June 30, 1916. Value of school plant, real property $194, 635 Number of buildings 30 Number of employees 26 Total salaries $17, 970 Average attendance of pupils 216 Average enrollment 234 Capacity 250 Cost per capita based on average enrollrnent ^ $178 Cost per capita based on average attendance $185 Area of school land (acres) 312 Area of school land (acres cultivated) 132 Value of products of school (Including both materials and labor of employees and school pupils) ' — $2,231 Value of agricultural products (including products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock) $7, 587 Expended also of miscellaneous receipts. Class IV, $587. iThe per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Sept. 7, 19l6 (Public, No. 264, 64th Cong.). 266 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. SUPEEINTENDENT'S estimate of absolute needs for 1918. Support $46,125 Repairs and improvements 6, 000 New buildings 30, 000 Boiler and boiler stack and installation thereof 5, 500 Two new busses and for repair and operation of motor-propelled and horse-drawn passenger-carrying vehicles 1, 400 Total , 89, 025 kequested in peoposed bill. Support and education of 250 Indian pupils at the Indian school, Pierre, S. Dak., and superintendent's salary $46, 125 Repairs and improvements 6, 000 New buildings 25, 000 New boiler and boiler stack and installation thereof 4, 000 Two new busses 900 Total 82,025 The support item, $46,125, is for maintenance of 250 pupils plus the super- intendent's salary, $2,000. This is an increase of $2,375 over the amount appro- priated last year, and is asked for because of increased cost of all supplies. For repairs and improvements $6,000 is needed. There are 30 buildings at this school, the majority of which are old and require considerable repairs each year. This amount is slightly more than 3 per cent on the valuation of the school plant, which is $194,635. To construct a new two-story building for a gymnasium and assembly hall $25,000 is needed. Proper exercise of pupils during the long winters in this climate is essential. It is desired to use the present assembly hall for addi- tional schoolrooms. To purchase a new boiler, boiler stack, and installation thereof $4,000 is needed. The school needs an additional boiler. The present boiler stack is too small to carry the boilers at this school. To purchase two busses for transportation of pupils $900 is needed. 'The school has one 16-passenger bus, purchased a number of years ago, now worn out. The school is favorably located, being practically in the center of the State and almost surrounded by Indian reservations. It has a good farm, is doing' excellent work, and should be maintained for many years. That is an increase of $22,000 over last year's appropriation. Mr. Carter. What are the two new busses for ? Mr. Meritt. Those are to convey the pupils from the station to the school, and also for conveying the pupils back to Pierre to attend church and Sunday school. Mr. Carter. You asked for the assembly hall last year, did you not? Mr. Meritt. I think so, but it was not included in the bill. We need an assembly hall and gymnasium at that school. It is very cold there in the wintertime, and there should be a place for the girls and boys to assemble. Mr. Campbell. Mr. Meritt, they asked last year, for the installa- tion of new boilers, $3,000 ; this year they ask for the installation of new boilers and boiler stack $4,000 ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. What is their idea in that ? Mr. Meritt. The heating plant at that school is practically worn out, and we have got to put in practically a new equipment there. Mr. Campbell. Well, they asked last year for a new boiler $3,000, and it was allowed? INDIAN APPROPHIATION BILL. 267 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Campbell. Now, this year they are asking for $4,000 for a new Mr. Meeitt. Well, that will equip the heating plant. We substi- tuted a new boiler last year for an old boiler, and now this year we want to substitute another new boiler for an old boiler, and that will complete the heating plant. i.^J^^^ Campbell I do not know who is responsible for estimates of that kind, but if they needed a boiler last year and it was appro- priated for, I do not see why a similar boiler should be provided for this year. Mr. NoETON. There seems to be more than one boiler. Mr. Meeitt. Some of our schools have four; we could not sub- stitute the two new boilers at once; we had to keep the heating plant going, and while one old boiler was being taken out the other old boiler was being used. Now, this will complete the heating plant. Mr. Campbell. They have two boilers there ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Caetee. You did not ask for any new boiler last year? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; and Congress provided for it. Mr. Meeitt. The next item is: For support and education of 275 Indian pupils at tlie Indian school, Rapid City, S. Dak., including pay of superintendent, $48,500; for general repairs and improvements, $5,000; for remodeling buildings, $9,000; for irrigation, drainage, and improving school farm, $3,000 ; in all, $65,000. That is a total decrease of $18,000 from last year's appropriation. The Chaieman. Last year you had an appropriation for a new school building, $30,000. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. I offer for the record the following justifi- cation for this item: Indian school, Rapid City, 8. Dak. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $48, 500. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated , 48, 500. 00 Amount expended 48, 546. 81 Overdrawn 46. 81 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 21, 513. 16 Traveling expenses 1 61. 75 Heat, light, and power (service) 1,283.68 Telegraph and telephone service 115. 36 Subsistence supplies 8, 199. 79 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 4, 880. 45 Forage ^- 3.55.00 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc 8, .566. 24 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 797. 60 Medical supplies i- 284.02 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 656. 79 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 1, 477. 37 Miscellaneous ^ 3.55. 60 Total 48, 546. 81 268 INDIAN APPROPEIATION BILL. EEPAIES AND IMPROVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $5, OOP. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated °> 000. 00 Amount expended 4, 921. 25 78. 75 Unexpended balance . Analysis of expenditures : Construction 1. 282. 72 Repairs (to plant) 3,638.53 Total 4, 921. 25 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent $2, 000 Clerk 1, 000 Assistant clerk 600 Principal 1, 000 Disciplinarian 800 Physician 550 TeacJier 720 Do 600 Do 600 Do : 600 Domestic-science teacher 600 Industrial teacher 720 Matron 720 Assistant matron 660 Do 600 Do 540 Nurse 720 Seamstress 540 Assistant seamstress Laundress Assistant laundress Baker Cook Farmer Assistant farmer Carpenter Shoe and harness maker- Engineer Dairyman Assistant Do Do Laborer $300 510 300 540 600 900 300 900 720 900 720 300 300 300 540 21, 730 Statistical statement for year ending June SO, 1916. Value of school plant, real property $237, 110 Number of buildings 41 Number of employees 33 Total salaries $21, 730 Average attendance of pupils 250 Average enrollment . 251 300 Capacity . ^$185 1,390 350 Cost per capita based on average enrollment Cost per capita based on average attendance Area of school land (acres) Area of school land (acres cultivated) Value of products of school (including both materials and labor of employees and school pupils) .$2,553 Value of agricultural products ( including products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock) $8,719 Expended also of " Miscellaneous receipts. Class IV " $1, 664 SUPERINTENDENTS ESTIMATE OF ABSOLUTE NEEDS FOE 191S. Support $48,500 Repairs and improvements 5,000 Remodeling buildings 9, 000 Irrigation, drainage, and improving school farm 6, 000 Manual training equipment 2,400 70, 900 1 The per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for the entire year, in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 {35 Stat. L., 70, 72) and the act approved Sept. 7, 1916 (Public, No. 264, 64th Cong.). INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. 269 REQUESTED IN PKOPOSED BILL. Support and educatiou of 275 Indian pupils at the Indian scliool, Rapid City, S. Dak., and superintendent's salary $48,500 Repairs and improvements 5, 000 Remo the orphan, children, the help- less through disease or accident, and those Indians not self-supporting, or those who through acquired habits would waste financial resources and then become a burden on others. " Sixty per cent of our people have some sort of an education, acquired either through schools or by residence amongst whites and have picked up English so they can converse Intelligently. " We have at Keshena a Government school giving industrial training to our children, as well as a mission school doing the same under contract. "At Neopit is the timber operation of the reserve, embracing a large mill, manufacturing 40,000,000 feet of lumber yearly, and two day schools — Govern- ment and mission — for educational purposes. " The reservation consists of 10 townships of land, the western portion heavily timbered and the eastern part cut-over lands or open lands. " Two facts face us — that of earning a living by daily labor at the Menominee lumber plant; while not detracting a moment from its value as a center for industrial and social development, we have to consider this, that it but teaches ' the Indian to labor, which earnings are principally spent for subsistence. The other opening left to the Indians for development is agriculture in all its various phases — stock, dairy, and general farming. " We have provided educational facilities for our children and industrial education and wages for the able-bodied who desire to work, but for the class who should be of the most value to all there is no way out. "A remedy for this would be the depositing to the individual credit of each member of the tribe justly on the rolls by right of descent by blood as a Menominee Indian of a sufficient sum that would at once give him a good start. " If each member had to his credit $500 this would give a man and wife $1,000 between them — ample means for a good start in farming. It would be an inducement to young people coming of age to take hold and make a start. It 300 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION EILI.. would provide the aged or totally helpless, the widow, and the orphan child, with ample to live out their lives. "With close supervision every interest would be protected; those whom it might be feared would waste their share could be restrained until individual effort on their part showed they had mended their habits and would not become deijendent ou their more careful brother members ; and regulations carefully prescribed that would induce or reward good agricultural or industrial effort. " We have here a certain number of members who farm in a way, and out- side of the small number each year who can obtain aid through the reimbursable fund, about 25 or 30, none can go ahead through lack of means, and even these, when they should be enlarging and clearing, have to turn out to work to earn money to meet reimbursable payments. " For 10 years past and longer our children have been coming back from the Indian schools, and, excepting ordinary labor, they have no means with which to start in to display what has been taught them and learned at school. " Common labor soon takes initiative away from men. Indian boys learning farming and dairy work at school have no chance to start in on returning home, because the old folks are not able to give them a chance. Young women edu- cated in home making and the women's part on a farm have nothing to start themselves, and when they take a husband he has nothing to look forward to but a .iob some place at which he can earn wages. " Some of our people will no doubt always be workmen, but from birth this and several generations past we first saw light in the little farmhouse. Before 1908 we were all an agricultural people ; from the early times our people tilled the soil in some degree. Agricultural pursuits mean independence to the In- dian. We would be a producer rather than a consumer. We have the land but lack the individual means. " We ask and solicit your aid in thought and action for us for real first aid in line with our wish. We present you in crude form our ideas in the shape of a proposed bill, which is capable of improvement, no doubt. If something In this line could be pushed through a long start would be made in accomplishing what the United States Indian Office wishes, what you wish, and what we desire and know will happen — a permanent improvement in every single condition on the reservation, health, wealth, and real progress." The Chairman. I see you have a provision beginning with line 7, page 112, the next item. Will you please explain that? Mr. Meritt. This proviso reads : Provided further. That the funds herein authorized, together with the $300,000 authorized by the Indian appropriation act approved May 18, 1916 (Public, No. 80, p. 38), may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior, be apportioned on a per capita basis among all enrolled members of the Menominee Tribe, the share of each Indian to be deposited to his or her credit and subject to expendi- ture under the regulations governing the handling of individual Indian money. That is for the purpose of equalizing all money expended for the benefit of those Indians out of tribal funds. The Chairman. What is the next item ? Mr. Meritt. The next item reads : ' That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized to convey to the public-school authorities of district No. 1, of the town of Oneida, Wis., for district-school purposes, the tract of land and buildings thereon now occu- pied by the district school and described as lot A. of sec. 1, T. 22 N., R. 18 E., of the fourth principal meridian, containing sixty-six hundredths acre, on condi- tion that whites and Indians shall be admitted on equal terms in any school established thereon. We offer the following justification in support of this item: CONVEYANCE OF LAND TO PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ONEIDA, WIS. Lot A of sec. 1, T. 22 N., R. 18 B., of the fourth principal meridian, containing sixty-six hundredths acre, on the Oenida Indian Reservation, Wis., was formerly used as a day-school site, and the building still stands and is occupied by district No. 1 of the town of Oneida for a district school. The officers of the school dis- trict would like to secure title to the schoolhouse and lot. The site is fairly INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 301 convenient, but the schoolhouse must be remodeled to comply with the State law. The population of the district is mixed white and Indian, but at present is largely Indian. It is very desirable that public schools on and near Indian res- ervations be encouraged and assisted wherever possible, and the transfer of this property to the school district would enable the district to make needed repairs and changes which would result in benefit to the Indian children attending. The Chairman. Do you want to make any additional statement? Mr. Meritt. Except that the title to that small tract of land is now in the Government, and it is needed for day-school purposes; and in- asmuch as the Indian children will get the benefit of that public day school, we thought it only fair that we should convey the title to the public-school authorities. The next item reads : That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is lierebj', authorized to sell at not less than an appraised value lot X of sec. 34, T. 24 N., R. 18 B., of the fourth principal meridian, containing 1 acre, and lot X of sec. 23, T. 23 N., R. 19 E., of the fourth principal meridian, containing 1 acre, heretofore reserved for schools : Provided, That the proceeds of the sale shall be expended for the benefit of the Oneida Indians under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior. We offer the following justification in support of this item : SALE OF LANDS KESERVBD FOE SCHOOL PURPOSES, ONEIDA INDIANS, WISCONSIN. There are two tracts of land on the Oneida Reservation which were set aside for school purposes, one of which has never been used for school purposes, and one from which the building formerly used as a school has since been removed. The first tract referred to, lot X, of sec. 34, T. 24 N., R. 18 E., of the fourth principal meridian, containing 1 acre, is not on any road. There is no build- ing thereon and it is wholly within a small tract allotted to Henry Christjohn, deceased. Mr. Christjohn's allotment was sold by his heirs and since he received his full acreage, his heirs do not appear to have valid claim to this tract. It is believed it should be sold and the proceeds used for tribal purposes. The second tract referred to is lot X, of sec. 23, T. 23 N., R. 19 E., of the fourth principal meridian, containing 1 acre. This lot is on the main road to De Pere and was at one time used for school purposes. The building was not Government property and has been removed. This lot was apparently in part reserved from the allotment of George King, deceased, who received 87.7.5 acres. The site is not desirable for school purposes and it is believed should be sold for the benefit of the tribe. The next item is imder the heading of Wyoming : Sec. 25. For support and civilization of Shoshone Indians in Wyoming, includ- ing pay of employees, $15,000. That is the same amount as was appropriated last year. We offer for the record the following justification in support of this item. Support of Shoshones in Wyoming. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated $15, OOP. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : • i^; nnn nn Amount appropriated r ^ °' "^"- V^ Amount expended ^^' ^^^- '^^ Unexpended balance '^' ^37. 60 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages ^' j°-- ™ Traveling expenses *J^- ;!:" Transportation of supplies— . -L. rf»0- ^^ Telegraph and telephone service '0. bb 302 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Analysis of expenditures — Continuecl. Printing, binding, and advertising ! $4. 50 Subsistence supplies 1, 817. 62 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 203. 48 Forage 1, 131. 39 Fuel, llluminants, lubricants, etc 1, 076. 00 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 69. 69 Medical supplies \ 129. 82 Live stock 95. 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 1, 239. 16 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc 810. 46 Miscellaneous 15. 00 10, 726. 40 This i.s for the support and civilization of the Shoshone Indians in Wyo- ming, and is the same as the amount appropriated in previous years. There are approximately 831 Shoshones on the reservation, most of vs'hom have been allotted. The amount aslsed for is to be used for the purchase and transportation of food, clothing, and other supplies for old and indigent Indians, widovs^s and children not of school age ; for labor in lieu of rations, such labor being used in general agency and reservation work ; for other issues, general agency expenses, including fuel, forage, traveling expenses, medical supplies, etc., and for pay of nurse and other necessary employees. Note. — There are 853 Arapahoes under the jurisdiction of the Shoshone Agency who are provided for under the appropriation support of Northern Cheyennes and Arapahoes, Montana. See item 76. The next is : For support and education of 175 Indian pupils at the Indian school, Shoshone Reservf^tion, Wye, including pay of superintendent, $31,725 ; for general repairs and improvements, $5,000 ; in all, ,$36,725. That is practically the same amount as was appropriated last year. Mr. Cartee. What is that additional $700 for? Mr. Mebitt. That is to bring the amount up to $167, including the salary of the superintendent. We offer for the record the following justification in support of this item: Indian school, Shoshone Reservation, Wyo. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriated $31, 025. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Amount appropriated 31^ 025. 00 Amount expended 29,' 795. 68 Unexpended balance ^ 1 1^ 229. 32 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages 14_ 5g8. 70 Transportation of supplies 4^ O61! 43 Telegraph and telephone service ' 50I 54 Subsistence supplies 1 43g' 28 Dry goods, wearing apparel, etc 3] (531^ 70 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc ' 3^ 150! 32 Educational, stationery, and office supplies ' 133^ 09 Medical supplies 94' 11 Live stock i--i-i_iii:i_i.i:__:: i, 350; 00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 151 12 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc , 1^ 148^ 39 ' 29, 795. 68 aga™%heTpprop?fation.^°'''' ^^ ^'^"''^ "^'' ""^ ""t^tending obligations yet to be charged INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 303 KEPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS. Fiscal yenr eucUng June 30, 1917, amount appropriated fi5, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916: Amount appropriated 6, 000. 00 Amount expended 4, 066. 20 Unexpended balance ^ 1, 933. 80 Analysis of expenditures : Repairs (to plant) 4,066.20 Statistical statement for year enrling June 30, 1916. Value of school plant, real property $147, 998 Number of buildings 22 Number of employees 17 Total salaries $12, 380 Avei-age attendance of pupils 136 Average enrollment 146 Capacity 135 Cost per capita, based on average enrollment - ' $186 Cost per capita, based on average attendance , $201 Area of school land (acres)_J" 1,209 Area of school land (acres cultivated) "775 Value of products of school (including both materials and labor of em- ployees and school pupils) - — $771 Value of agricultural products (including products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock) $25,708 Expended from miscellaneous receipts. Class IV, $1,668. SUPEBINTENDENT'S estimate of absolute needs for 1918. Support $36, 425 Itepairs and improvements 6, 000 . Total -i 42, 425 AMOUNT BiSQUESTED IN PROPOSED BILL. Support and education of 175 Indian pupils and superintendent's sal- jjl>y $31, (*-0 Repairs and improvements 5- 000 Total 36, 725 Salaries, 1917. Superintendent $2, 250 Principal— 1. 500 Disciplinarian 840 Teacher 660 Do 600 Do 600 DO *600 Matron '^ Assistant matron 540 Seamstress "UO Assistant seamstress $180 Laundress 500 Baker 300 Cook 600 Farmer 840 Engineer 1, 000 General mechanic 720 13, 110 1 This is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged *^fl°hi n»r ??nft°a^CTSt'ls'now computed on the average enrollment for the entire year, In compnai^ce w«h ?he let of°l^r. SoflSOS (35 Stat. L., 70-72), and the act approved Sept. 7 iqi6 (Public No. 264, 64th Cong.). ^^'p\V^'e'fti-'"'surpoA%rsV'sL^nl^^^^^ etc., Wyoming, 1917." 304 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. For the Indian scliool at Shoshone, Wyo., an increase of ifiOO is desired for the support and education of 175 pupils, including the salary of the superin- tendent, which increase does not exceed a per capita cost of $167 per annum and is deemed necessary to afford adequate supplies and equipment. It is $33 per capita below the cost allowed by law. The applications for enrollment have usually been much above the capacity of this school, and \\ ith provision for 175 pupils there will still be Indian children on the reservation for -sA-honi school facilities are not supplied. For repairs and improvements .'t!5,000 is requested. More complete and sani- tary toilet conveniences are needed in both the boys' and girls' buildings, and thorough repairs should be made to the bathhouses at the hot springs, where tlie pupils go to bathe during a considerable portion of the year, and where the water is highly recommended for baths by medical officials in the service. There should also be some changes and enlargement in the laundry for better housing of the machinery. This school has one of the largest and most productive farms in the service and during the past year produced the equivalent of its supplies in beef ami flour, the net proceeds being invested in" a better grade of beef and dairy cattle, as seemed to be well justified by the agricultural and grazing facilities of the school farm. The next item is: For support of Shoshones in Wyoming : For pay of physician, teacher, car- penter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmith (art. 10, treaty of July 3, 1S68), if 5,000; for pay of second blacksmith and such iron and steel and other materials as may be required, as per article 8, same treaty, .$1,000; in all, .$6,000. That is the same as last year. We oifer for the record the following justification in support of this item: Support of Shoshones, employees, ete., Wyoming. There are approxin.iately 831 Shoshones under the Jurisdiction of the Shoshone Agency, Wyo., 722 of whom have been allotted. The amount requested is the same as has been authorized annually, the major part of which is used in the employment of a physician, teachers, and trades- men in accordance with the treaty of .Tuly 3, 1868, with these Indians. Ap- proximately $5,500 'of the appropriation is expended for salaries for the above employees, the balance being u.sed for the purchase of .such iron, steel, or other materials as may be required. Article 8 of the treaty with the Eastern Band of Shoshones and the Bannock Tribe of Indians, which was concluded July 3, 1868 (15 Stat. L., 678-677), provides, in part, as follows : "And it is further stipulated that such persons as commence farming shall receive instruction from the farmers herein provided for, and whenever more than 100 persons on either reservation,'shall enter upon the cultivation of the soil a second blacksmith shall be provided, with such iron, steel, and other mate- rial as may be required." Article 10 of said treaty provides : " The United States hereby agrees to furnish annually to the Indians a phy.si- cian, teachers, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmith, as herein contemplated, and that such appropriations shall be made from time to time on the estimates of the Secretary of the Interior as will be sufficient to employ such persons." The next item is: For continuing the work of constructing an irrigation system within the diminished Shoshone or Wind River Reservation in Wyoming, including the maintenance and operation of completed canals, $50,000, reimbursable in accordance with the provisions of the act of March 3, 1905, and to remain available until expended. That is the same amount that was carried in the last appropriation. INDIAK APPEOPEIATION BILL. 305 We offer for the record the following justification in support of this item : Irrigation system, Wind River, Diminished Reservation, Wyo. (reimbursable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, amount appropriatea ,$50, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916 : Unexpended balance from previous year 4, 608. 74 Amount appropriated 25, OOo! 00 29, 608. 74 Amount expended 25, 163. 94 Unexpended balance 4, 444. 80 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages ' 18, 027. 92 Traveling expenses— 163. 47 Transportation of supplies ■ 742. 67 Telegraph and telephone service 153. 65 Printing, binding, and advertising lO. 00 Forage 1, 528. 13 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc^ 892. 35 Educational, stationery, and office supplies 204. 56 Medical supplies : 20. 70 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 766. 01 Sundry supplies, equipment, etc : 2, 643. 68 Miscellaneous 10. 80 25, 163. 94 Indian tribes, Shoshone and Northern Arapahoes. Number of Indians, 1,684. Area of reservation, 807,680 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, 40,000 acres. Area actually irrigated, 21,000 acres. Area farmed by Indians, 7,000 acres. Area farmed by lessees, 5,000 acres. Area farmed by white owners, 9,000 acres. Area of whole project, 65,674 acres. Cost of irrigation construction, 3669,340.62. Cost of irrigation operation, maintenance and miscellaneous, .$112,508.02. Estimated additional cost to complete project, $60,000. Estimated total cost of irrigation, $14 per acre. Average value of irrigated land, $30 per acre. Average annual precipitation, 10 inches. Source of water supply. Big Wind River. Market for products, local (good).. Distance from railroad, to 70 miles. Irrigation systems. Wind Kiver Reservation, Wyo.. reimbursable $50, 000 This reservation covers 1,262 square miles and has a- population of 1,684 Indians The irrigation svsteni is an extensive one, -and is being utilized by the Indians a very decided increase in farming operations having been made in the past year. There are more than 223 miles of canals and about 700 structures to maintain and operate. ^ ^ The estimate covers salaries and wages, luel, forage, transportation of sui)- plies, equipment, and materials for construction for both new work and repairs to old work, maintenance, and operation. , 4.- , On this reservation, the usual policy of replacms' old decayed timber srrm- tures with concrete ones is being followed, and the lateral systems are being extended and improved, so as to prevent damage from waste water ^vhich had formerlv been a source of considerable trouble. Additional laterals are to be^ constructed as land is put under cultivation, and the anv.mnt of the work is there- fore a measure of the increased area being irrigated. There ire four larger units included within the pro.iect here estimated for in addition to several smaller ditch systems, the total affording a water supply for 71486—16 20 306 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. approximately 65,000 acres, more than 40,000 acres of which may he reached by the present constructed worlds. More than 20,000 acres are now bcm% farmed and the area is being increased rapidly, so that it is evident that the funds requested are needed to meet all expenses of extending the later system as well as the cost of repairs, maintenance, and operation previously described. The next item is: For continuing the work of constructing roads and bridges within the diminished Shoshone or Wind River Reservation in Wyoming, $2.'5,000, said sum to be reimbursed from any funds which are now or may hereafter be placed in the Treasury to the credit of said Indians. That is the same amount as was appropriated last year. We offer for the record the following justification in support of this item : Roads and bridges, Shoshone Reservation, Wyo. (reimhnrsahle) . Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1917: Amount appropriated $25,000.00 Fiscal year ended .June 30, 1916 : •Amount appropriated 25,000.00 Amount expended 24,943.23 Unexpended balance 56. 77 Analysis of expenditures : Salaries and wages ^ 23, 239. 69 Fuel, illuminants, lubricants, etc . 30.00 Implements, vehicles, tools, etc 400.00 Iron culverts 1, 273. 54 24,943.23 The Indian appropriation act for the fiscal year 1913 (37 Stat., 539) con- tained an item appropriating the sum of $10,000 for continuing the work of road and bridge construction on the Shoshone or Wind River Reservation in Wyo- ming, reimbursable from tribal funds. That was the first specific appropriation made for road work on the Shoshone or Wind River Reservation. At that time It was estimated that $67,000 would be required to improve roads on the reser- vation In order to place them in comparatively as good condition as those con- structed outside the limits of the reservation by Fremont County, in which the reservation is located. Approximately $500 was the amount expended from this appropriation, the balance being reappropriated and used the fiscal year following, 1914. In addition to the reappropriation of this sum there was also appropriated $1,000 to be used in Investigating the condition of the roads and bridges on the Wind River or Shoshone Reservation, including the making of surveys, maps, plats, and other items necessary to estimate the cost of suitable and necessary roads and bridges. After the expenditure of the $10,000 and the completion of the surveys, the estimated cost of the construction of roads and bridges yet neces- sary totaled $111,032.21. Copies of the data compiled and complete report were forwarded to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the President of the Senate under date of December 27, 1913. There was further appropriated for expenditure during the fiscal year 1915 the sum of $25,000, reimbursable from tribal funds. An additional appropria- tion of $25,000 was made available for the fiscal year 1916 by Public Resolu- tion No. 74, Sixty-third Congress (38 Stat. L., 1228), and an additional $25,000 for the fiscal year 1917 (Public No. 80, 64th Cong.). This makes a total of $75,0()0 appropriated since the estimate of $111,032.21 for the project was made. Under date of October 20, 1915, in reporting the progress being made the superintendent says : " From the appropriation made for this year there has or will have been expended by the latter part of this month, nearly all of which has now been expended, approximately between $19,000 and $20,000, all of which has or will have gone for labor, except approximately $500 expended for road grader, drags, blacksmith bills, and a few other incidentals. All of this money is going INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 307 the*slrvn?ifnl f^"" ^^§;f' except for a part of the plow and grader teams and but one whiti fZ J^"*^ wLT^''/ P^""* °^ *^« "™« ^"^ a portion of the time have woHr^i vn? f."- .-^"-^ reference to the manner in which the Indians 20 im'? nt f^°^ *1"®1*'°°T.'^. respectfully invited to my letter of September this vear will h„ ^""l^^^' " '", ^^l^""}^^ ^^""^ ^^^ o^ $25,000 appropriated fpr ti?i I ^ ^f ^® ^e®*^ expended before the close of the calendar year with until SL°?n"*^^'*T^^^^vT/'i'? 'f^'"°«' ^^'^l* " >^ my purposrto keep m«1nt«?n ff, °''^^'" *? ^'^® ^^^ Indians some worli at that time and properly ^o °; '°-*^! ™^1l already constructed and extend them somewhat during the remainder of the fiscal year. " By reference to my said report of December, 1913, and the accompanying tracings made by the engineer it will be noted that the main system of roads to be constructed on this reservation should extend from a point on the south line ot the reservation near Milford and Lander to the agency, a distance of approximately 13 or 14 miles, and from a point near Kiverton on the extreme eastern edge of the reservation west to Arapahoe and thence up Little Wind River to the agency, a distance of approximately 35 miles; thence from the agency to the northwest corner of the reservation, a distance of approximately 55 miles. Also, three mountain roads — one up Trout Creek, one between North and South Fork of Little Wind River, and one up Meadow Creek— in order that the available timber might be made accessible to be used for building pur- poses and sawmill material (a complete mill including matcher, molder, edger, planer, lath and shingle machine, ahd cut-ofC saw having been Installed at this agency and Is now ready for operation). "With the appropriations heretofore made we have constructed and com- pleted the best dirt graded road in this State from the reservation line near Lander to the agency and li miles beyond in a northerly direction ; between 26 and 27 miles of the same kind of road between the agency, Arapahoe, and Riverton, the remainder of which will be open for travel within three weeks ; approximately 4 miles of the same kind of road around and near Wind River, the school farm, and the agency ; ne.'irly $2,500 worth of work making dugways and roi'ds in the neighborhood of Grow Heart and Dinwoodie, on the north- west part of the reservation, besides approximately 6 miles of mountain road ; erected a oO-foot span steel bridge across Little Wind River near the agency ; instajled numerous small bridges, with concrete abutments, over the small stre'ims and installed many corrugated culvert bridges. All of this work, be- tween 80 and 90 per cent of which has been done by the Indians, will bear the closest Inspection and is what, most of it, is conceded to be, even though done by the Indians under my supervision, the best dirt-graded road in this State. " There will yet remain to be constructed a great portion of the road from the agency to the northwest corner of the reservation, some additional grading of between 7 and 8 miles of the road to Arapahoe, which, on account of being above the ditches, will not receive as much attention this year as the roads below the irrigation ditches ; a road opening up the Mill Creek Valley country to market, and two mountain roads. " In view of the fact that these roads are badly needed and that it affords the Indians a partial source of livelihood and has largely been the means of my reducing the ration list from between 400 and 500 persons to slightly over 100 now, consisting of the old and decrepit and some orphan children, and that the construction of these roads has, in their vicinity, made the sale and leasing of lands more popular and is beginning to increase values, it is respectfully but earnestly urged that an additional appropriation of $25,000 be recommended and urged, to be expended next year." Under date of August 8, 1916, recommending a further appropriation for this work, the special agent in charge says : " Former Supt. Norris has made excellent use of these appropriations, having built a number of main roads and by expenditure of that money has also en- couraged the county to cooperate with us to some extent in road work on tlie reservation, so far as it was a part of the main county system of roads, as this county lies both north and south of the reservation and much of their main travel, is across the reservation. " There are several good-sized streams flowing through the reservation re- quiring bridges that cost considerable money, and there is no one thing that will contrilm<-e more to an Improvement of the reservation and the progress of the Indians than the continuation and completion of the system of good roads so well begun by Supt. Norris. There is considerable land being leased and some land being sold, and this system of good roads will return money directly 308 IISTDIAN APPEOPRIATTON BILL. to the Indians by the increased price that their land will demand, either in case of lease or sale, besides furnishing them a means of getting th^ir products to market. " Practically all of the money paid out on this road work goes to the Ipdians, and they have shown a commendable interest in this work. " I urgently recommend that at least $25,000 be appropris^ted, and if fhat sum could be increased to .$30,000 or .^40,000 it would enable us to complete the roads at an earlier date and give the Indians much benefit from them." These Indians have property worth several millions, this including a very large amount of land that will be sold for their benefit, so there is no question about the Government being reimbursed for this expense. That concludes the bill, Mr. Chairman. The Chairman. Now, we will turn to Mr. Konqp's items. . Mr. KoNOP. I do not want to talk about anything, only I would like to ask Mr. Meritt about those two items, one for $100,000 and one for $300,000, for the Pottawatomie and Menominee Indians. I notice in last year's appropriation bill $100,000 was appropriated for clearing land and the purchase of houses and building material, seed, animals, machinery, tools, implements, and other equipment and supplies necessary to enable said Indians to become self-support- ing, $26,000 of which was to be paid to the Indians in cash. Now, as I understand it, that money has not been spent yet, has it ? Mr. Meritt. It is in process of being expended now. It is avail- able during this fiscal year. Mr. KoNOP. Now, who has asked for this $100,000 ; the agent, Mr. Bennett ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. This money can be used to advantage for those Indians. We have purchased land for them, and we want to build homes for them and buy farming equipment, and then pay out a small amount in per capita payments. Mr. KoNOP. I was under the impression that the $100,000 that was appropriated last year would be sufficient to do that. Mr. Meritt. No, sir; that is not sufficient, and they have moneys in the Treasury of the United States, and we feel that that is the best way that they can use that money, to get them located on their farms. Mr. KoNOP. Now, you state that the Pottawatomie Indians have money in the Treasury of the United States ? Mr. Meritt. They have money that is due them from the Gov- ernment. Mr. Koxop. But the money has never been paid into the Treasury to their credit. Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Mr. KoNOP. Then why not incorporate in here that bill that was reported favorably in the last session of Congress, and put it to their credit and then have the department use as much as is necessary? Mr. Meritt. There are certain items of that bill that were not agreed to by the department. Mr. Koxop. Why, the department reported favorable on that bill. Mr. Meritt. With a modification. Mr. Ko>'OP. That modification was put into the bill. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. KoNOP. I am opposed to this provision for spending $100,000, unless that money is put into the Treasury of the United States to INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 309 the credit of the Indians, and the total amount provided for in this bill. Mr. NoETON. This $100,000 is reimbursable out of that. Mr. Ko>-op. I know it is reimbursable out of that amount, but ^ they haven't spent the $100,000 given them in the last appropriation * bill. Mr. Meritt. No, sir; because the appropriation was available for the entire fiscal year, and of course the fiscal year does not expire until the 1st of July of next year. Mr. KoNOP. But I have been up there, and they have done abso- lutely nothing thus far for these Indians with the $100,000 appro- priated last year, and by the time they expend tliis $100,000 — next year's appropriation bill is time enough — but what I would like to have incorporated in here is that bill that was f avorablj' reported out of this committee, and settle this Question forever. Mr. Meritt. That would carry ah appiropriation of over $400,000, as I recollect it. Mr. KoNOP. Somewhere in that neighborhood — around $400,000. Mr. Meritt. Of course, if the committee wishes to make that ap: propriation in this bill we will interpose no objection to it; but we thought we would be as economical as possible and ask for only $100,- 000 for this year. Mr. KoNOP. What was done with the $300,000 that was appropri- ated in the last appropriation bill for the Menominee Indians'? Mr. Meritt. We have worked out the regulations and are in pro- cess of paying the Indians under that legislation — expending that money for the benefit of the Indians under that legislation. Mr. KoNOP. How much of that was expended? Mr. Meritt. Very little of it has been expended so far, but we will have until the first of next July to carry out that legislation. There has been considerable correspondence between the office and the super- intendent on that matter, and we hope to have the regulations com- pleted and the money in the hands of the superintendent early next Mr. KoNOP. Now, this money is appropriated out of the funds of the Menominees. Mr. Meritt. To their credit in the Treasury. Mr. KoNOP. ^Vhat fund have they on hand now ? -, ,, , Mr. Meritt. Between two and three million dollars, as 1 recollect it, now in the Treasury. ^t. , Mr KoNOP. Well, but have you got the figures there ? Mr. Meritt. That is my recollection. They have a little over $2,000,000 in the Treasury. -, ^ . + * fi, at«. Mr. KoNOP. Could you put into the record a statement of the Me- nominee mill operations for the past year? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; I will be glad to do that. Mr KoNOP. And also the amount of money that was to the credit of these Indians in the Treasury of the United States for the past Mr^ Meritt. The following statement is submitted : r^,, „i =ts.*-<.nipnts of the logging operations at the Menominee Indian mUlfarTrL'defedl'cofer mfperio'd belin^ning with October 1 of one year and Sing with September 30 of the follo^ying year. 310 INDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. During the year ending September 30, 1916, tliere were cut in the woods 17.976.910 feet of logs, manufactured at the mill 20,055,992 feet of lumber,, and liy -products in the shape of crating, shingles, slats, pickets, posts, piles, ties, bark, timbers, tirewood, and sawdust. During the year there were sold and shipped 32,667,378 feet of timber. At the close of the year on September 30, 1916, there were on hand 30,326,875 feet. . The total disbursements for the operations during the year were $258,156.28. The total receipt,'^ were $571,755.22. This shows an excess of disbursements over receipts of $313,598.94. Thiii sum of $313,598.94 does not represent the stumpage and profit on the operation for the year ending September 30, 1916, for the reason that the amount of lumber on hand on September 30, 1915, was 42,948,261 feet or 12,- 621,386 feet larger than the amount on hand on September 30, 1916. The amount of funds, derived from the sale of logs or lumber from the Menominee Reservation, at the close of each fiscal year for the last 10 years was as follows : Balance in Treasury June 30 — 1907 $2, 335, 691. 48 1908 2, 107, 611. 48 1909 1, 793, 797. 91 1910 i; 480, 878. 22 1911 1, 520, 913. 08 1912 1, 446, 887. 52 1913 1, 737, 550. 67 1914 1, 805, 830. 69 1915 1, 880, 694. 97 1916 2, 152, 479. 47 It should be noted that expenditure had been made from the amount on hand on .June 30, 1907, to conduct logging operations during the winter of 1907-8. and that the amount on hand on April 1, 1908, was $2,241,604.53. The act under which the Neopit operation is conducted was approved March 28, 1908. It is certain that the amount of money in hand on January 1, 1917, will exceed the amount that was in the Treasury on March 28, 1908, when the act authoriz- ing the ftlenominee Indian mills was approved. Mr. Carter. How much money have these InJians coming to them, Mr. Konop? Mr. Ko^'op. The Menominee Indians? Mr. Carter. I mean those $100,000 fellows. Mr. KoKOP. Somewhere in the neighborhood of $300,000; between $300,000 and $400,000. Mr. Carter. What do you want done? Mr. KoKOP. I want this matter settled so that this money will be jDlaced to the credit of the Indians instead of appropriating it from the tribe and applying it on the claim Avhich the Government has recognized. Mr. Carter. You want it paid out per capita? Mr. Konop. No ; I want it put into the tribe to their credit. The way we are appropriating now they simply ask for an appropriation of $100,000 from the Treasury of the United States as a part pay- ment on this claim. Mr. Carter. You just want it set aside. Mr. Konop. Yes; I want the entire amoimt'set to their credit; then whatever is necessary to be expended can be appropriated out of their funds, as is being done with the rest of the Indian tribes. Mr. Meritt. That will be agreeable to the office, if the committee wishes to appropriate that amount. Mr. Carter. How about the Menominees ? How much have they ? Mr. Meritt. They have a little over $2,000,000. Mr. Carter. And what do you want done with that, now ? Mr. KoNOP. What I want done is this: Now, they have had this mill running there from 1906 or 1907 to 1916. That is a, period of about 10 years. These Indians started with $3,000,000. This mill has been running for all these years, and now they are appropriating INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 311 ?^\ of tKis Indian fund and throwing it into the business over there instead of making money out of the lumber and out of the mill. Ihey seem to be asking for more money out of the old fund the Indians had to their cerdit. Mr. Mdeitt. This appropriation is with the view of getting those Indians located on their allotments who do not care to be employed in the mill. ' Mr. KoNOP. I Imow, Mr. Meritt ; but it would seem to me a million- dollar institution ought to make enough money out of the Indians' timber there to at least help them along in doing it; and it seems that this $300,000 is to be taken out of the old fund that they saved up before the mill operations begun. The reason I want that ac- count is to show whether the mill is a paying proposition or not. Mr. Meeitt. The mill at first was a losing proposition, but now it is on a paying basis. Mr. KoNOP. What do you mean by a " paying basis " ? Mr. Mehitt. We are getting the value of the timber, as well as interest on the investment, and there is a small profit over and above those charges. In addition, the mill is furnishing employment to a large number of Indians. Mr. KoNOP. I hope that the financial statement will show it. You will just file that? Mr. Meritt. We will be glad to furnish a statement. The Chairman. Are you through, Mr. Konop ? Mr. KoNOP. I am through only until I see those figures, and see what has been spent out of that $100,000 appropriated for the Potta- watomies last year. I am opposed to both of those appropriations. Now, just one more question. Has anything been done with the matter of providing educational facilities for the Pottawatomie In- dians in Wisconsin? Mr. Meritt. I think so. I will be glad to advise you definitely just what has been done, and will put it in the record here. The following statement is submitted : There is ample capacity for tlie Wisconsin Pottawatonii cliildren, of whom there are approximately 56 eligible for school attendance, in schools already established in Wisconsin. During the school year 1916, 2.5 of these ' children were enrolled at the Lac du Flambeau Indian School, whicli was a good show- ing inasmuch as that was the first year it had been possible to overcome the reluctance of the parents to send their children to school. Reports dated Sep- tember 30, 1916, when school had been in session for less than a month, showed 14 Wisconsin Potta\\atomi children enrolled .-it Lac du Flambeau, and 14 at the Wittenberg School. Reports for the second quarter will doubtless show an increased number in attendance. Mr. Konop. Well, from what I hear from aU these Indians, they have absolutely no schools whatever around there. Mr. Meritt. Of course, you understand that we have recently bought lands for some of these Indians, and have not quite built up the school facilities for all the children, but we will be glad to pay the tuition of the Indian children in the public schools up there, and we have funds available for that purpose. Mr. KoNOP. There are no public schools up there, except in the lit- tle lumber villages. Mr. Meritt. Then it will be necessary to send those children to nonreservation boarding schools in order to provide for them. 312 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. KoNOP. Wouldn't you advise the building of a Government school for those Indians out of their money ? Mr. Mbeitt. If they have no school facilities and there is no other, school available to them I certainly would favor building a school for them. Mr. KoNOP. That is all, gentlemen. I thank you. The Chairman. We will now take a recess until 2 o'clock this afternoon. ( Wliereupon, at 12.30 o'clock p. m., the subcommittee recessed until 2 o'clock p. m., this date.) PRESENTED TO -^ Hartwick College ONEONTA, N. Y. ^ INDEX Page. Surveying and allotting Indian reservations (reimbursable) ... 3 ■ Irrigation, Indian reservations (reimbursable) 8 Suppressing liquor traffic, relieving di stress, etc 19, 24 Indian schools, support 29 Indian school and agency buildings. 38 Indian school, transportation 43 Industrial work and care of timber 45 Purchase and transportation of Indian supplies 60 Telegraphing and telephoning 72 Court costs, etc 73 Expenses of Indian commissioners 73 Pay of Indian police 75 Pay of judges, Indian courts 76 General expenses, Indian Service 77 Inspectors, Indian Service 79 Determining heirs, etc 81 Industry among Indians , 82 Vehicles, Indian Service 92 Suppressing contagious diseases among live stock 95 N^otiating agreements, etc 96 Leasing unallotted lands 98 Amending section 5, act of June 25, 1910 — Execution of contracts, etc 100 Amending act June 21, 1906, trust patents 100 Sale of lands purchased by United States 102 Authorizing employees, Indian Service, to administer oaths 102 Purchase of lands in connection with Indian irrigation projects 103 Rights of way for pipe lines through Indian lands : 104 Arizona and New Mexico: Support of Indians in Arizona and New Mexico 105 Indian school, l^ort Mojave, Ariz 107 Indian school, Phoenix, Ariz 109 Indian school, Truxton Canyon, Ariz 112 Maintenance irrigation system, Pima Indian lands, Arizona (reimbursable) . . 114 Irrigation, Colorado River Reservation, Ariz, (reimbursable) 115 Water supply for Papago villages 117 Fulfilling treaties with Navajos 118 Water supply, Navajo Indians, Arizona (reimbursable) 119 Ganado irrigation project, Navajo Reservation, Ariz, (reimbursable) 121 Diversion dam, Gila River Reservation, Ariz, (reimbursable) 122 Payment for water. Salt River allottees, Arizona 124 Florence dam 125 Irrigation, Papago Indian Reservation, Ariz, (reimbursable) 128 Purchase land and water rights for Navajos - - 129 Repeal in part of section 2 Indian act June 30, 1913, San Carlos bridges 131 Amending article 2, agreement with San Carlos Indians, disposal of pro- ceeds of sale of mineral lands. 133 California: Support of Indians in California 134 Purchase of lands, etc. , for landless Indians in Califorma 135 Indian school. Riverside, Cal . ... 136 Irritation system, Hoopa Valley Reservation, Cal. (reimbursable) 139 Irrigation allotments Yuma Reservation, Cal. (reimbursable) 140 Indian school. Fort Bidwell, Cal 140 Indian school, Greenville, Cal. 142 Irrigation svstem, Torres Reservation, Cal. (reimbursable) 144 Roads and bridges, Yuma Reservation, Cal 145 Florida: Support of Seminoles m Florida 151 Idaho: „ ,, tc-o Support of Indians, Fort Hall...........;-... ................ it)/ Maintenance and operation, Fort Hall irrigation system, Idaho (reimburs- able) - - 1^3 Support of Bannocks (employees) -Lo4 313 314 INDEX. Idaho^Continued. ^^^*- Support of Coeur d 'Alenes 155 Reimbursement to Thomas B. Le Sieur 155 Iowa, tribal funds, Sac and Fox Indians, Iowa 156 Kansas; Indian school, Lawrence, Kans 157 Indian school, Kickapoo Reservation, Kans 160 Michigan, Indian school. Mount. Pleasant, Mich 162 Minnesota: Indian school, Pipestone, Minn 165 Support of Chippewas of the Mississippi, Minnesota 167 Tribal funds, Chippewa Indians of Minnesota (civilization and self-sup- port) 168 Tribal funds, Chippewa Indians of Minnesota (celebration) 169 Reimbursement to T. Skinaway 170 Montana: Support of Indians, Fort Belknap 171 Support of Indians, Flathead 171 Support of Indians, Fort Peck <. - 172 Support of Indians, Blackfeet - • - ■ 173 Maintenance and operation, irrigation systems. Fort Belknap Reservation, reimbursable 174 Fulfilling treaties with Crows 176 Support of Northern Cheyennes and Arapahoes, Montana 176 Line riders. Northern Cheyenne Reservation 177 Support of Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewas, etc 178 Irrigation system, Flathead Reservation, reimbursable 179 Irrigation system. Fort Peck Reservation, reimbursable 181 Irrigation system, Blackfeet Reservation, reimbursable 182 Nebraska, Indian school, Genoa, Nebr 186 Nevada: Support of Indians in Nevada 188 Indian school, Carson City, Nev 189 Irrigation, Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, Nev., reimbursable 191 New Mexico: Indian school, Albuqueraue, N. Mex 192 Indian school, Santa Fe, N. Mex , 194 Counsel for Pueblo Indians of New Mexico 197 New York: Fulfilling treaties with Senecas , 198 Fulfilling treaties with Six Nations ■ .' 199 North Carolina, Indian school, Cherokee, N . C 199 North Dakota: Support of Sioux of Devils Lake 202 Support of Indians, Fort Berthold -. 202 Support of Chippewas, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota 203 Indian school, Bismarck, N . Dak 204 Indian school. Fort Totten : 207 Indian school, Wahpeton 209 Oklahoma: Support of Wicliitas and affiliated bands 218 Tiibal funds, Kiowas, Comanches, and Apaches (agency and employees) . . 218 Tribal funds, Kiowas, Comanches, and Apaches (homesteads) 220 Support of Cheyennes and Arapahoes, Oklahoma 221 Support of Kansas Indians 222 Support of Kickapoos, Oklahoma '. . . 222 Support of Poncas, Oklahoma 223 Indian school, Chilocco, Okla 223 Fulfilling treaties with Pawnees 226 Support of Quapaws, Oklahoma 228 Purchase of lands, Fort Sill Apache Indians, Oklahoma 229 Reimbursement for buildings Fort Sill Military Reserve (Women's Board Domestic Missions) 231 Fulfilling treaties with Pottawatomie Nation, etc 231 Five Civilized Tribes — Adminiat.ra.tion of affairs, Five Civilized Tribes ' 232 Per capita payments, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminolea 236 Probate attorneys, Five Civilized Tribes 239 INDEX. 315 Oklahoma — Continued. Five Civilized Tribes— Continued. Page- Cherokee Orphan Training School 240 Indian schools, Five Civilized Tribes 242 Sale unallotted lands, Five Civilized Tribes 244 Fulfilling treaties with Choctaws : . 244 Oil and gas inspectors. Five Civilized Tribes 245 Purchase of land, Nuyaka School, Creek Nation, Okla 247 Hospital, Cherokee Nation 247 Hospital, Creek Nation 249 Medical service. Five Civilized Tribes, Oklahoma 249 Road, Choctaw Sanatorium, Oklahoma 251 Oregon: Support of Indians of Klamath Agency 251 Support of Indians Of Warm Springs Agency, Oreg 252 Support of Indians of Umatilla Agency, Oreg 252 Indian school, Salem, Oreg 253 Support of Indians of Grande Ronde and Siletz Agencies, Oreg 256 Irrigation system, Klamath Reservation, Oreg 257 Maintenance and operation Modoc Point Irrigation system, Klamath Reservation, Oreg 258 Purchase of land for Warm Springs and other Indians 259 Pennsylvania: Indian school, Carlisle, Pa 260 Higher education, students at Indian school, Carlisle, Pa 262 South Dakota: Indian school, Flandreau, S. Dak 262 Indian school, Pierre, S. Dak 264 Indian school, Rapid City, S. Dak 267 Support of Sioux of different tribes 269 Education, Sioux Nation, S. Dak 271 Support of Sioux, Yankton Tribe 272 Asylum for insane Indians, Canton 273 Utah: Support of Confederated Bands of Utes 275 Support of Indians in Utah - 275 Tribal funds. Confederated Bands of Utes 277 Support of Confederated Bands of Utes, seeds and implements (treaty) — 280 Irrigation system, Uintah Reservation, Utah 281 Washington: Support of D'Wamish and other allied tribes, Washintgon 282 Support of Makahs, Washington 283 Support of Quinnaielts and Quillehutes 283 Support of Yakimas 284 Support of Indians of Colville and other agencies, Washington 284 Support of Spokanes, Washington 285 Irrigation system, Yakima Reservation, Wash 286 Payment for water, Yakima Reservation, Wash 287 Indian school, Tacoma, Wash ---.--• 287 Diversion dam and distribution system, Yakima Reservation, Wash, (reim- bursable) 289 Wisconsin: Indian school, Hayward, Wis 291 Indian school, Tomah, Wis ^ 292 Support of Chippewas of Lake Superior, Wis 295 Support of Pottawatomies, Wisconsin - ._ -_ - ----- ■ 296 Support of Wisconsin Band of Pottawatomies, Wisconsin and Michigan, reimbursable ■ - .- 297 Tribal funds, Menominee Indians m Wisconsin /9a ■ Conveyance of lands to public schools, Oneida, Wis - . - 300 Sale of lands reserved for school purposes, Oneida Indians, Wisconsin 301 Wyoming: . „., Support of Shoshones m Wyoming. ...;^. dOi Indian school, Shoshone Reservation, Wyo Mj Support of Shoshones (employees) ■■■■■■■■ : " V " " ' V, ^5! IrriM,tion system, Wind River Reservation, Wyo., reimbursable 305 Roads and bridges, Shoshone Reservation, Wyo. , reimbursable 306 o