:t|l|lilii: Corne k«2> Fig. 20.— ELEVATION OF HOUSE.— Scalc, 8 feet to 1 inch. A HOUSE COSTING $700. The plans here given are of simple design, intended to meet the large and increasing demand for low-priced country or village houses, having at the same time some architectural beauty. Without this latter feature, a com- fortable house of this size can, in many places, be erected 34 HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVEBTBODT. for mucli less than $700 even.... The house here de- scribed provides for as much room as a small family would require, while at the same time it admits of future enlargement, as one's necessity or means may indicate, by I OS Fig. 21. — CBixAB.— Scale, 8 feet to 1 inch. additions, ells, or wings, at either side, or rear. In all cases, when planning small houses, it is best to provide for such enlargements. The triplet window in front is so arranged that it can be readily changed to a bay-win- dow, when that improvement can be afforded, without marring the rest of the wood-work, or the harmony of the front elevation. . . . The Cornice of the main building HOrSE-PLANS FOB EVERYBODY. 35 fs bracketed, and projects suflBcient to relieve it of the stunted look so common to country houses. The brack- ets are made of 3 X 4-inch timber, in three pieces each, mitred to the angles required, and nailed together (see Livmc ROOM S.— rntST STOBT.— Scale, 8 feet to 1 inch. fig. 35), making an effective support and pleasant ap- pearance .... A large saving in expense of foundations is secured by the following method of construction (see section of foundation and frame, fig. 34). The excava- tion is made for the cellar 2'/, feet deep. A foundation of 8-inch brick-work, 3 feet high, or 6 inches above the level of the ground only, is required. A sill of 3 X 8-inch 36 HOUSE-PLANS POfi BVEEYBODT. timber is laid on, and "flush" with the inside of the wall, to provide nailing for the wainscoting of the base' ment, if it is afterwards finished off The beams or joists for the first floor are supported by a plank-etrip five Fig. 23.— SBOOiTD STOBT.— Scale, 8 feet to 1 Inch. inches wide, let into the inside of the frame at a proper hight, and securely fastened with heavy nails. The other parts of the framing are executed, and the whole raised, m the usual manner .... The inclosing, or siding, below the first story, is of 10-inoh boards rabbeted and cross- grooved io imjtatioii of lar«§ stooe-work, au4 paii^ted vn HOUSE-PLANS POR EVERYBODY. 3? <^ ^ 3x* I contrast witli the principal body of the house, and the ■water-table is put just above them. . . . Many small houses in the country are built without any permanent founda- tion, but are temporarily supported on posts set in the ground, and "boarded down." They are always shaky, and doubtful while they stand, and are frequently blown over altogether. As will be readily seen, the above method provides for the saving of one-half of the mason-work in the foundation. In many places stone is abundant, and will an- swer the same purpose as brick in this case, except for the 6 inches above ground. The laying up of a single-face wall, 2'/, feet high, of rough stone and mortar, would cost but a trifle. If the cellar should be finished at any time for base- ment purposes, these walls would be much drier and more healthful than when the walls are entirely of masonry. In this case it would be preferable to have the foundation walls 6 inches higher, so as to have the basement rooms 7 feet in the clear. . . . Several houses have been built on this plan in villages, and in most- cases it has been decided not to have any rear outside door for the first story (fig. 33), but to wait until a kitchen could be finished in the front part of the cellar, when the common entrance would be by the area to the kitchen. In the plan (fig. 33), we have indicated two rear windows, but a door may take the place of either of them. We have also indicated by dotted lines where pantry, sink, etc. , may be placed in the corner, according to the wishes of the proprietor. . . . There is but one chim- ney. The parlor is heated by running a stove-pipe iJ^S i Fiir, a4. 38 HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVBBTBODT. through earthen thimbles placed in the partitions under the stairs, to the chimney, which is perfectly safe, and no heat is lost. When desired, a fire-place, or stove-pipe flue, may be carried up through the parlor, as well as through the li-ying-room, and the two be brought to- gether aboTe the stairs into one chimney. The Second Stokt, (fig. 33), may be divided into three rooms, the front one being 13 X 15 feet ; or, if pre- ferred, this front room may be divided into two smaller rooms, as indicated by the dotted lines. One may be 8x12, and the other 6y,xl3. The latter would be large enough for an ordinary bed (4'/, X 6'/, feet), with stand or chair by the window ; and in this case a small closet could be cut ofE from the comer, opening into the large room, as shown by the dotted lines. Cost. — The following estimate in detail, at present prices, near this city, will enable any one to determine the cost of building by this plan. Allowance can be made for any difference in cost of materials or labor as required in other localities : 43 yards ezcavation, at 20c. per yard $8.60 6,000 brick, laid complete, at $12 per M 72.00 1,636 ft. timber, at $15 per M 24.50 Kg. 25. 2 sills, 3X8 in. 29 ft. long. 4 posts, 4X7 In. 21 ft. long. 2 ties, 4X6 in. 29 ft. long. 2 ties, 4x6 in. 16 ft. long. 2 Bills, 3X3 in. 16 ft. long. 28 beams, 3X8 in. 16 ft. long. 2 plates, 4x6 in. 29 ft. long. 2 plates, 4x6 in. 16 ft. long. 32 rafters, 3x4 in. 12ft. long, at20c 6.40 200 wall-strips, 2X4 In. 13 ft. long, at lie 22.00 162 novelty siding-boards, 9i^ in., at 28c 45.36 28 rabbeted siding, 10 in., at 28c 7.84 97 flooring sprace, 9i in., at 28c 27.16 123 sbineling-latli, lix2 in., at 6c 7.38 22 bunches shingles, 18 in., at $1.25 27.50 14 windows, with blinds, two stories, 9 at $8 ; 5 at $3 87.00 2 stairs, $25 ; 11 doors and trimmings, $44 ; 1 stoop materials, $10 79.00 14 rough spruce-plank, liXlOin., at 30c 4.20 100 feet cornice materials 20.00 Carpenter's labor (not incladed above) 90.00 360 yards plastering, three coats, at 25c .(. 87.60 Cartage, average one mile 12.00 Painting, two coats, $40 ; extras, for tin, nails, etc. $31.56 71.56 Total cost in above style $700.00 flOUSE-PLANS rOR BVliETBODlf. DESIGN VII. 39 Fig. 26.— BIBVATION OF FRONT OF HOtTSB. COUNTRY H0U3E, COSTING |750 TO $1,050. These plans represent a commodious dwelling house, constructed with especial regard for economy and utility, and they will be appreciated by those desiring to pro-vide a comfortable, permanent shelter for home by the use of limited means. . . . Elevation, fig 36). — In preparing plans for "low-priced" houses, the simplest outlines are indicated. Having to combine usefulness and small out- lay, there can be no latitude for architectural display, beyond mere matters of accommodation and complete- 40 HOTJSE-PLAKS FOE EVEETBODT. ness. The exterior of this example fairly expresses its domestic purpose. The breadth of the front, the prepon- derance of horizontal lines, and the hooded roof, are each indicatire of strength, and suggest its adaptation to rural situations. The satisfactory appearance of this house will greatly depend on its location. The best results would be obtained by placing it on a slight knoll, giving it additional altitude. This would prevent its being ob- scured by shrub- bery and trees, which are indis- pensable accom- paniments of a properly devel- oped home- stead.... Cel- LAE,(flg. 27).— Hight,6y,feet. It has three win- dows, an outside entrance, and stairway leading to the kitchen above. . . . Fiest Stoet, (fig. 28.) — Hight of ceiling, 10 feet. The accommodations, consisting of five rooms, a pantry, and two closets, are adapted to a good-sized fam- ily. The Parlor and Kitchen are the principal rooms, and occupy the middle portion, their sides being pro- tected by other rooms, and, having the fire-place between them, they are easily warmed. The device for heating described for Design III. would serve admirably in this house. Two Bedrooms adjoin the parlor. Many might choose to have double doors entering these bedrooms, to allow all three rooms to be used together occasionally. This would not preclude the use of the smaller ones as 6edrooms, or, if preferred, as a sewing-room and a library. Fig. 37. — ^PLAH OF CELLAB. HOtrSE-PLANS Fca EVERYBODY. 41 The Kitchen is the largest apartment, and has doors leading to the pantry, bedroom, parlor, stairway, and the rear entrance. The outside or entrance doors may be protected in severe seasons by storm-doors hung to open outward, with loose joint-buts to allow of their ready removal. The rear veranda is similar to the front one shown on the ele- p ^ vation Sec- ■ -^ - OND Story, (fig. 29).— The front portion only is finished, with ceilings 8 feet high, and is di- vided into two chambers and four closets. The rear portion is left unfinished,to be used as an open garret. The space above the ceiling of the fin- ished portion may be floored ^S- 38— plan oi' pirst floob. over with boards, to serve for storage of quilting-frames, trunks, etc .... Construction. — The excavations for the cellar are 4 feet deep. The foundation-walls are of broken stone, laid in mortar, and show 2 feet above the earth-grade. A strong girder, resting on large posts, or columns of stone or brick, supports the center of the building. In setting the girder, it should be elevated from y, to y^ of an inch in the center, rising gradually from each end, to allow for settling, which invariably occurs from shrinkage of the interior frame-work. The timber for the frame-work is indicated in the estimates 42 aOTTSfi-PLAlrS roB BVEKTBODY. below, and is Bubstantially framed together. All the out" side studding is halved over the principal timbers, to pre- vent vertical shrinkage from afEecting the exterior cover- ing of the side-walls. The exterior covering is of lath and plaster, as follows ; all cornices and other dressings, and the roof, should first be completed — and all window and door frames set and cased. The outside frame should then be thoroughly lathed outside and inside. All this is to prevent jarring or pounding on these parts during the appli' cation or setting of the plaster. The plaster is made in the usual manner of fresh lime and sharp sand, with half a bushel of hair to each barrel of lime used, and al- lowed to lay two weeks to insure a thorough slaking and permeation of the lime. It is then applied in two coats — the first a "scratch," the second a "browning." The surface is floated with a darby, (not trowelled). After having stood a sufficient time to become dry, the whole is covered with a prepara- tion called " Stearate of Lime," using an ordinary white- wash brush. The formula for making this stearate of lime (known only to a few, who have treated it as a secret,) is here published for the first time, and it will be under- stood by those familiar with the nature and operation of slaking lime. The ingredients are simply fresh-burned finishing-lime, using the lumps only, unrendered b^ef- Buet, and hot water. It is necessary that the^e parts be kept in lively motion while dissolving, or they will be Fig. 29. — ^PLAN OP SECOND FLOOB. HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVBEYBODY. 43 entirely destroyed by "burning," The usual process is to sink a large barrel, having an open end, 2 feet in the ground, pounding the earth around to make it firm. An upright piece, 4 inches in diameter, and 6 feet long, is set upright in the center of the barrel, and held in posi- tion by cleats at the bottom and top, leaving the upright free to turn. Arms are put through the upright within the barrel, and a cross-bar or lever is attached to the up- per end — the whole making an apparatus similar to a " clay-mill. " One bushel of lime, 20 lbs. of suet (chopped fine), and a barrel of boiling water are provided ; and while one works the " mill," another feeds alternately lime, suet, and hot water. This quantity of material, costing about *2, will make a full barrel of the prepara- tion. Any desired shade may be afterwards given by add- ing stainers. This mixture is applied while hot — two coats being necessary to insure a thorough covering. This will also be found a valuable preparation for covering ex- terior brick or concrete work. It is impervious to water, and will outlast any of the paints prepared for such pur- pose. All other information concerning the finish of this house may be inferred upon a careful study of the follow- ing estimates. — Estimate cost of materials and labor : 95 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard {19.00 1,062 ft. stone-foundation, at 15c. per ft 159.30 24 ft. stone steps and coping, at 28c. per ft 6.72 2,000 bricks in chimneys, laid, at $12 per M ? S4.C0 517 yards plastering, inside, at 25c. per yard 129.25 130 " " ontside. at 30c. per yard 89.00 1,850 ft. of timber, at $15 per M 8T.78 2 plates, 4x6 in. 15 ft. long. 2 perlines, 3x8 in. 25 ft. lonK S perlints. 4x6 in. 18 ft. long. 100 beams, 1^x8 in. 13 ft. long. 2 ^'lls, 3x8 in. 34 ft. long. 2 sills, 3x8 in. 25 ft. long. 1 girder, 4x8 in. 32 ft. long. 4 posts, 4X8 In. 11 ft. long. 8 ties, 3x6 in. 34 ft. long. 300 wall-strips, at lie. each Jfi.OO 4 locnst-posts. at 30c. each, $1.20 ; 190 flooring, at 20c. each, $38 39.20 816 shingling-lath. at 6c. each 12.96 39bnnches shingles, at $1.95 per bunch 48.75 3 cellar windows, at $3, $9 ; '2 plain windows, at $7, $84 93.00 17 doors, at $4 eacii, |68 : 2 verandas, $50 each, $100 168.00 Stairs, $20; cornice materials, $18 38.00 Closet flnish and base, $15; nails, $12; cartage, $20 47.00 Painting, $40; carpenter's labor, $100; incidentals, $25.07 165.07 Total cost, complete $1,050.00 Omitting cellar and verandas would save 300.00 Total, aftei deductions ..•. (750.00 44 HOUSE-PLANS POB ETEETBODT. DESIGN VIII. ^i^^i^ Fig. 30.— FBONT ELEVATION. A COTTAGE, COSTING $800 TO $1,050. This design is an enlargement of the small cottage de scribed in Design I. The arrangements are very com- plete in convenience, appearance, and economy. . . . Ex- HOUSE-PLANS FOK ETEBTBODT. 4f IBBIOB, (fig. 30). — The outlines and style are simple. The front is enlivened by the Porch, Bay-Window, and other projections. The details of finish are of neat de- sign, and in har- mony, giving an agreeable expres- sion of taste and refinement — fea- tures especially pleasing in cot- tage architecture. .... Cellar, (fig. 31). — Hight in clear, 6j4 feet. It is under the main building only ; has two windows, and stairs leading to the first story. It* contains 378 feet area, giving abundant room for all ordinary re- quirements First Story, (fig. 32), — Hight of ceiling, 9 feet. The best use is made of the space by having but few di- visions, leaving good-sized rooms. Fig. 31. — PLAM OF CELLAB. The Hall is small, but is conveniently arranged to answer all necessary purposes. It is entered from the front porch, and communicates directly with the parlor and dining-room, and by the main stairs with (be second etorj. There is sufficient room for a k&t-vaali 46 E0I7SE-PLAKS FOR EVBKTBODT. Flff. 82. at the right of the front door. The Parlor ia of fair size, the large bay-win- dow adding materially t o its area and cheerfulness. "With very lit. tie expense in furniture, this apartment may be made pleas- ant and cosey. The Dining- room extends the whole width of the house, and has a window at each end. It is conyeniently arranged, with doors opening from the hall, parlor, kitch. en, pantry, and to the stairs. The Kitchen is commodious and pleasant ; has three win- dows, an out- side rear en- trance, and ad- joins the din HOUSE-PLAN'S FOB ETEETBODT. 4? ing-room, pantry, and bedroom. The Pantry is suf- ficiently large and convenient to answer the requirements of both dining-room and kitchen. It has a small win- dow, and is thoroughly shelred. The Bedroom opens directly from the kitchen. Its purpose in the partial erection (as shown in Design I.) may be changed in the completed building here described by making it an auxiliary of the kitchen for the coarser work ; or, if needed, it may still be be used as a bedroom for help Sec- ond Stort, (fig. 33).- Hight of ceil- ing, 8 feet. There is a hall, two chambers, two bedrooms, and two closets, in this story, and no waste room. The Ball is just ^*S- 33.— PLAM OF SECOND KLOOB. large enough for convenience. The Chambers are of ample dimensions, with a chimney between them, admit- ting the use of stoves when required. . . . Oonsteuc- TION-. — The Foundations for the main house are of broken stone and mortar, showing three feet above ground, neatly pointed where exposed to sight. The Wing is supported on piers, as described in Design I. Girders (shown on the cellar-plan by dotted lines), supported on strong posts, carrj the central portions of the building. CHAMBER /ff X Z* BEDR. S'/sx7 -1 < X A _ e . 1 .e made by dividing ai)4 flooring a part of this story at 78 EOUSE-PIiANS FOE EVEETBODT, little tfost. . . . FiEST Stoet, (fig. 56).— Hight of ceiling 10 feet. It has a hall running through the whole length of the main house, with entrances from both front and rear. The paiioi^ din- ing-room, and kitchen, are all good-sized apart- ments, and pleasantly arranged. Double fold- ing doors are provided for the front entrances and from the haii to the parlor, and sliding doors between the par- lor and dining-room. A bay-window adds ma- terially to the size and pleasantness of the din- ing or living-room. Each room has an open fire-place ; the kitchen has a pump and sink, with the usual supply and waste pipe connec- tions. The rear stoop is roofed, and has a portable enclosure of light ceiling boards, to be used in severe weath- er. .. . Second Stoet, Fig. 55.— PLAN OF CBLtiB. (fig. g?.) Hight Of ceiling 8'/, feet. The divisions of this story are simple — giving a hall, two large chambers, with passage between, two hall rooms, and two closets. . . . Consteuction. — The estimate given provides for foundation of broken stone, laid and neatly pointed with good mortar ; the stone ex- posed to sight on the outcide to be "semi-drfessed." HOUSE- PLAlfS FOE EVBETBODT. 79 Blue-stone, or other suitable stone obtained most readily, are used for the sills of cellar windows, for the steps, and wall coping of the cellar entrance. The principal tim- ber is of seasoned epruce or pine, thoroughly framed, raised, and secured. The "framing-in" of braces is too fre- quently omitted — cutting them ** barefoot," and Bpiking, bemg Bubstituted. The latter does very well where the frame is strongly sheathed over, and the outer siding applied after- wards. The sheathingaids largely in stiffen- ing the frame, but should not be re- lied on to the ex- clusion of the nec- essary braces to square up the frame, and pre- vent the swaying which often happens unobserved, to be discovered when too late to remedy it. Laxity in the matter of bracing has led to frequent errors as to their 56. — puls or FmsT floor. 80 H0USB-PUk.N3 TOB EVDETBODT. proper place in the frame. When framed in they are in* Tariahly placed in the upper angles under the ties and plates, adjoining the posts, and when harefoot they should he put in the same angles ; never, as is frequently done for convenience, in the lower angles, nor on the Bills. A moment's reflection will convince any one that if the right angles along the principal frame are rigidly maintained, dis- placements will never oc- cur, except, as rarely happens, the whole is bodily raised from the foundation by a hurri- cane. The most reliable angles are those formed by the tie and post con- nections, because at these points the posts are tenoned and mortised together, and secured with hard wood pins. Those least reliable are at the foot of the posts. rig. 57. — ^PLAK OP SECOND EliOOE. adjoining the siUs, where their connections are secured only by the weight of the upper frame. Braces placed in the latter angles serve only as fulcrums to endanger the frames when tested by ordinary winds ; but if the former or upper angles are made positive, by having substantial braces in them, the severest gales may he defied. The siding is of narrow, clear pine clapboards, laid on ''thick- nessed" sheathing. The Hansard part of the main roof is covered by 8 X 16-inch slate — the piazza, bay-window, kitchen, stoop, cornices, window, and deck roof with I. C. charcoal tin — all laid on hemlock boards. Tarred felting is spread under all siding and slate. The first HOUSE-PLANS FOE BVBETBODT. 81 and second stories are fully completed inside ; the attic is floored, but otherwise unfinished, but may be divided at any time into rooms as shown for the second story (fig. 57). The inter.or plastering is three-coat work, on sea- soned lath. All sash are four lights, and hung to bal- ance-weights. Blinds are properly hung (outside) to each window. AU wood, tin, and brick-work, usually painted, has two coats of best lead and oil-paint, with stainers to suit the owner's taste. The choice of colors for the exterior is frequently canvassed duiing the con- struction of these buildings ; often some person of taste (?) decides by " warming " — adding red and yellow, until, by the preponderance of these stainers, the most sombre and dismal colors are produced. The most ap- propriate and pleasing shada for the body of this class of house is a light gray ; for the trimmings, dark gray ; for the sash, burnt sienna; for the blinds, chocolate. The tin roofing should match the slate in color. Eed colors should be sparingly used, or omitted altogether. Estimate of materials required, and total cost : 50 yards excavation, at 35c. per yard $12.80 975 ft. of stone foandation, at 8c. per ft 78.00 45 ft. blae-atone sills, steps, and coping, at 30c. per ft 13.50 4,000 bricks, furnished and laid, at $12 per M 48.00 480 yards plastering, at 30c. peryard 144.00 Cornices and centers, stucco 30.00 4.000 ft. of timber, at $15 per M 60.00 6 ties, 4x6 in. 21 ft. long 2 plates, 4x6 in. 13 ft. long 1 plate, 4X6 in. 16 ft. long 2 posts, 4X6 in. 13 ft. long 30 beams,3x8 in. 21 ft. Tng 2 decks, 3x8 In. 18 ft. long 2 decks, 3x8 in. 26 ft. long 1 cross-tie, 3x8 in. 18 ft. I'ng 4 hips, 8x7 in. 14 ft. long 2 piazzas, 3x7 in. 19 ft. long 2 piazzas, 3X7 in. 18 ft. long 2 sills, 4x8 in. 89 ft. I'ng 2 sills, 4X8 In. 21 ft. I'ng : 1 Bill, 4x8 in. 16 ft. long : 2 sills, 4X8 in. 13 ft. I'ng I 1 Rirt, 4x8 in. 29 ft. I'ng ; 6posts, 4x7in.22ft. I'g 15beani8,'3X7in. 21ft.rng 1 6 ties, 4x6 in. 29 ft. long 1 7 beams, 3X8 In. 16 ft. I'ng 325 wall-strips, at 12c. each, $39; 75 joists, at 16c. each, $12 61.00 210 hemlock boards, at 12c. each, $25.20; cornice materials, $60 85.20 215 sheathing, at 16c. each, $34.40 ; 560 pine siding, at 12c. each, $67.20. 101.60 8 squares slate, at $8.50 per square 68.00 13 squares tin, at $7.50 per square 97.50 65 ft. leaders, at 10c. per ft., $6.60; 260 flooring, at 18c. each, $46.80... 53.30 Piazza and stoop, complete, $80 and $28 108.00 4 cellar windows, complete, at $4 each 16.00 6 plain windows, complete, at $12 each 60.00 6 plain windows, complete, at $10 each, $60; 1 bay window, $60 120.00 5 dormer windows, complete, at $16 each 80.00 13 doors, complete, at $10 each .' 130.00 1 area door, $5; stairs, $90 ; closets, pump, and sink, $50 145.00 Mantle, $52: tarred felting, $10 62.00 Carpenter's labor, not inclued above 135.00 Carting, average 1 mile, $30 ; painting, $130 ; incidentals, $141.40. . 301.40 Total cost, complete .■!.•., , $2,000.00 HOUSE-PLAN'S FOE EVEETBODT. DESIGN XIV. Fig. 58. — ^ELBVATION OP FBONT OP HOUSE. A FRENCH-ROOFED COTTAGE COSTING |3,000. These plans were designed for a cottage recently built by Mr. W. W. Billings, in New London, Conn. These sketches embrace also the outlines of the grounds imme- diately surrounding. The site faces a street having steep grades, conforming to the general decliyity upon which a large part of ■ the city is built. The grounds are raised above the sidewalk, and leveled in front, and are faced with stonework from 2'/, feet high at left, to 6 feet high at the right. The rear grounds are 6 feet higher than those in front. The step A, at the entrance (see fig. 59), HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVBRTBODT. 83 IS 8 inches above the sidewalk. B is the bottom of the cellar, 3 feet 3 inches higher than A, and is solid rock. The walk leading from A to the rear ascends 1'/, inch to the foot ; the banks at either side are terraced, and have stone steps inserted in them leading to the flagging at the foot of the porch steps, and also to the area, or cellar en- trance. . . . Ele- vation-, (fig. 58. ) — The French roof style is well adapted to this situation on ac- count of its rounded, and solid appear- ance. The irreg- ularities of ont- line secure J agreeable fea- tures of variety and picturesqueness. The Foundation shows 4 feet above ground in front, and 1 foot in the rear. The Porch is in an angle, and the second story extending over it is carried up vertically past the slated part of the main roof, forming a tower-like corner. This corner is largely supported by a single column, and to make it as light as possible, slating of this portion is omitted. — {As usually laid, slate weighs 500 lbs. ; tin, 50 lbs. per square.).... Cellar, (fig. 59.) — Hight is 6y, feet. Four windows are placed where they give light to every part. An out- side door opens to the area, the latter being covered by the front porch. The front portion of this, cellar can _lml Fig. 59. — PLAN OF CBLLAE AlTD GROUHBS. 84 HOTrSE-PLAlTS POB ETBETBODT. LOBKY Y I PANRYj I KITCHEN easily be finished off for a work-room or summer kitchen. .... First Stoet, fig. 60.) — Hight of ceiling 10 feet. The arrangements are convenient, comprising a hall, parlor, dining-room, and kitchen. The main entrance leads from the right of the porch, and the hall runs parallel with the front. Many per- sons prefer the entrance ar- ranged in this way, as the con- tents of the hall are not exposed to thu street wheuoTer the doors are opened or left ajar. A partition crosses the hull under the platform, adjoin- ing the cylinder, forming a rear passage leading from the kitchen to the cellar stairs. The Par- lor has a large Fig. 60.— PLAN OP piBST PLooB. jjay - wiudow in front, with a marble mantle directly opposite. The Din- ing-Eoom and Kitchen each have windows giving views in three directions. The small wing at the rear contains a good-sized pantry, closet, and the rear entrance or lobby SECOiirD Stobt, (fig. 61.) — Hight of ceiling 9 feet. The divisions include a hall, three large cham- bers, a bedroom, and three closets. All parts are well lighted. Ventilating Eegisters are placed in the center HOtrsE-piAiJS poa bvebtbodt. 85 of each chamber ceiling. The space aboye this ceiling under the tin roof is yentilated through 8-inch pipes in- serted in opposite sides of the roof. These pipes have funnel-shaped covers, elevated two inches above the upper end of the pipes. . .. Construction. — The Foundation Fig. 61. — riAs OF sBcoin> tloos. Walls are of semi-dressed stone. The Chimneys are of hard brick, the cellar portions are constructed with a hollow space or ash-pit, arranged to receive the ashes from the fires of the first story. The siding is beveled clap-boards, laid on sheathing felt. The mansard parts of the main roof are covered with 8 X 16-inch Keystone slate laid on felt. All other roofs are of IC. charcoal tin, all laid on seasoned boards. The two full stories ara hard finished upon two coats of brown mortar. All parts usually painted have +wo coats of paint, of material and shades to suit the owner. For suggestions on selecting 86 HOUSE-PLAUS S'OS -EVESTBODY. colors or shades see Design XIII, — Estimate cost of ma- terials and labor : 46 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard ; $9.20 1,300 ft. Btone fonndatioii, at 15c. per ft 195.00 40 ft. tlue-stone, at 25c. per ft 10.00 B,000 bricks in chimney, at $12 per M 60.00 700 yards plastering, at 30c. per yard 210.00 3.650 ft. timber, at $15 per M 54.75 100 joists, at 14c.. $14; 400 wall-strips, aflc, $44 68.00 1,660 ft. siding, at 2ic. perft 45.65 Cornice materials, $70 ; felt, $10 80.00 320rongh boards, at 15c. each 33.00 9 squares slate, at $9 per square 81.00 13 squares tin, at $7.50 97.50 194 spruce flooring, at 20c. each 38.80 14 pine flooring, at 25c. each 3 50 4 cellar windows, complete, at $3 each 12.00 8 plain windows, complete, at $12 each 96.00 1 Day window, complete 50.00 7 dormer windows, at $14 98.00 Porch, finished, $22 : mantles, $50 72.00 Stairs. $65 : nails, sink, and ventilator, $32 97.00 Closet, finished, $13; painting, $150 163.00 18 doors, complete, at $9 each 162.00 Carting, $25 ; labor, not included above, $225 250.00 Incidentals 23.60 Total cost, complete $2,000.00 DESIGN XV. A SOUTHERN HOUSE COSTmO |3,000. These plans, designed for a Georgia residence, will be adapted to the requirements of others desiring to build an 'inexpensive rural home in any of the Southern States. . . . . ExTEKiOB, (fig. 62.) — The plan indicates that the proprietor is not circumscribed by want of land, and pre- fers to extend the area of the ground floor, rather than to build upward. The breadth of the front (48 feet), the large entrance and window openings, the spacious veran- das, and broad steps, are each prominent and desirable features, indicative of comforts and hospitality. The elevated, or second story part of the Main House, forms a substantial and fitting center, around which the roofs of the wings and verandas incline, and adds largely in fiOUSE-PLANS FOR EVERTBODT. 8? giving poise and character to the whole building. The hight from the earth grades to the frame-work of the building is 2 feet. Its location should have a good surface drainage assured during rainy seasons, and afford pleasant outlooks from the verandas .... Interior. — In most parts of the South, very much of the year could be 88 HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVEKTBODT. CHAMBER _j I 1 ,C ' CHAMBER 12X20. KITCHEN I 13 "14 DINING ROOM rsxie 64.— SECOHS STOBr 07 MAIN BDILDINO. STOREROOM I 8xi3 comfortably spent oat of doors altogether, bnt for the re- quirements of shade and retirement, lliere are times, however, when severe weather makes it neces- sary that one's family should be well housed, and when a good fire is both a luxury and necessity. ' A house for such a latitude should have large rooms, with high ceil- ings, an abund- ance of door and window openings, and a plentiful spread of shady V e rand a s. Where practi- cable, the win- dows should have folding sashes opening to the floor, if protected by outside cover- ings. There should be at PIAZZA BED ROOM 13X18 LIVINd ROOM PARLOR. 13XJ8. HALL. 6»24l PIAZZA -P ^ I"lg. 63. — FIBST STOBT. least one chimney in the main or highest part of the house, haying a large open flre-place adapted to the use HOtrSE-PLANS FOB EVEETBODT. 89 of wood for fuel, and having openings near the room ceil- ings into the flues, for ventilation. The Dining-room, Kitchen, and the more domestic oflBces, require a sep- arate and distinct building, situated a short distance in the rear of the house, and connected with it by a covered passage-way. . . . Fikst Story, (fig. G3.)— Hight of ceil- ing 10 feet. The simple arrangement shown provides for each of the above requirements. The front Entrance is through large double doors. The Hall extends through the house. The Living-room, a large apartment adapted to a good-sized family, is centrally situated, and protected on every side from tho direct rays of the sun ; it adjoins the pleasant and shady verandas front and rear, both being accessible through the folding windows, that open like doors down to the floor. It communicates with the ball through wide double doors, has a large closet and an open fire. Th« Bedroom is of good dimensions, has three windows opening to the verandas, and one side window. The two closets are so arranged as to form an alcove to the rear window. The ceiling of this alcove is arched over, producing a very pleasant effect. An opening is made near the ceiling into one of the flues of the adjoin- ing chimney for ceiling ventilation. The Parlor (or Li- brary) is situated in the most quiet part of the building, where company may be entertained, or persons may en- gage in reading or study, without disturbance from those engaged in housework. Large windows open to the front veranda, and other windows are provided at the side and rear. A covered Passage-way leads from the rear hall door to the food departments. These consist of a Din- ing-room, Kitchen, Store-room, and two Closets, and to the rear of these is added a servant's Bedroom. The dining-room and kitchen are each of ample size, with windows arranged on opposite sides to admit a plentiful supply of fresh air. A pump, sink, and two wash-tubs are provided in the kitchen. The store-room and closets 90 HOUSB-tLAKa FOB EVEETBODT. are thoroughly shelyed. If desirable, a china closet may be easily constructed at one side of the fire-place, into which one of the doors already provided would open .... Secokd Stoet, (fig. 64.) — Hight of ceiling 9 feet. This may be divided into two or more rooms, as required, for bedrooms. The cross-partitions may be 8 feet high, ad- mitting a free passage of air above them .... Oonsteuc- Xiou. — Brick piers, placed 6 feet apart under all sills, are intended for the foundation. The remaining space is left unobstructed for the circulation of air. A cellar may be excavated, and walled up under the main house, with stairs leading to it from the rear veranda, under the main flight. In the estimate, provision is made for a regular frame of sawed timber, which should be framed and raised in a substantial manner. The siding for the main house and wings is of 6-inch pine clap-boards, laid 5 inches to the weather. The roofs of the main house and wings are laid with hemlock boards ; all other roofs and cornice projections are laid with inverted lx4:y,-inch tongued and grooved pine flooring, and lastly covered with I 0. charcoal tin, locked and soldered in the best man- ner. The cornices are constructed with wide projections, and have neat truss supports. The verandas are made with simple parts. The columns for the front are 7-inch boxed, with bases, and scrolled spandrels; for the rear of 3x4 joist with bases, and plain spandrels. The veranda plates and rafters are dressed for painting, and are left exposed to sight. The pediments shown on the front are of open work, to allow the warmed air from near the roofs to escape. The upper frame-work (plates and raf- ters) of the rear building are also planed, and left ex- posed to sight from the inside. The inclosing and par- titions for this part are of 1 X 4y,-inch pine tongued and grooved flooring, dressed on both sides, put on in a ver- tical manner, and nailed to the sills and plates ; iy,-inch. pine battens are put around the inside of the rooms at HOUSE-PLAKS TOE EVEKYBODY. 91 the proper hight for a chair-rail (2'/, feet to the upper edge), and joined to the casings of the doors and windows of like materials, and all thoroughly nailed with " clinch " nails to the upright boarding. The roof is built as de- scribed for the verandas, is double pitch, and has suf- ficient spread to include the shed, making it a part of the same building. The kitchen chimney is built nearly in the center of this building, has a large open fire-place, and has a good hight above the roof. All floors are of 1 X 4' /j -inch tongued and grooved pine flooring, close laid and blind nailed. All rooms in the main building and wings are hard-finished upon two coats of brown mortar. All work usually painted has two coats of good paint. The roof -gutters are made as shown in Design V. . . . Es- timate : 8,000 bricks in piers and chimneys, f nmished and laid, at $13 per M $96.00 S50 yards plastering, at 38c. per yard 154.01 5,054 ft. timber, at $15 per M 75.81 Sills, 4X8 in. 261 ft. long. Ties, 4x6 in. 261 ft. long. Plates, 4X6 in. 92 ft. long. 4 hips, 3X8 in. 17 fl. long. B6 beams, 2x8 in. 14 ft. long. beams, 2X8 in. 21 ft. long. 4 posts, 4X7 in. 22 ft. long. 1 piazza sill, 3x8 in. 280 fi. long. 1 piazza plate, 3x8 in. 206 ft. long. Piazza Beams, 2x6 in. 384 ft. long. BO joist, 3X4 in. 13 ft. long, at 16c. each 8.00 800 wall-strips, 2x4 in. 13 ft. long, at lie 83.00 370 siding (6-inch clap-boards), at 18c. each 66.60 170 hemlock boards, at 16c. each 27.20 240 ft. cornice, bracketed, at 20c. per ft 48.00 208 ft. simple rear cornice, at 8c. per ft 16.64 38 squares of tin, at $7 per square 266.00 6,000 ft. of 1 X4i tongued and grooved flooring pine, at 3c. per ft 180.00 24 piazza columns, complete, averaije at $1 each 24 00 1 stairs, complete. $50; .31 windows, at $10, $.310 360.00 SO doors, at $8, $160: 1 mantle, $50 210.00 Sinks, pumos. and wash-tubs 22.00 Closetflnish, $12; nails, $25 37.00 Painting, $100; carting. $20 120.00 Boards for outside casings and Incidentals 105.75 Carpenter's labor 160.00 Total cost, complete $2,000.00 92 HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVERYBODY. DESIGN XVI. Fig. 65.— ELBTATION OV HOCSB. A HOUSE COSTING $2,100. This plan, embodying the principal characteristics of a design I made several years ago, for the residence of Mr. Arthur Waller, Newtown, L. L, has a homelike, tasteful, and picturesque appearance — particularly now, with its neatly laid-out grounds and grown up shrubbery, which especially befit its pointed style, and demonstrate the harmony that exists between these simple cottage outlines, and rural surroundings. It is thus adapted to either a suburban or more retired country situation .... Elevation, (fig. 65.) — A noticeable peculiarity is the earth finish around the foundation, which is simply util' izing the earth from the cellar. This is banked against HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVEETBODT. 93 the foundation, up to within six inches of the wood, evenly graded at 45 degrees angle, and neatly covered with closely laid turf. This conceals a roughly con- structed foundation ; it insures more dryness of the cel- lar, and consequently of the whole house ; it guards the cellar against extreme heat in summer, and frost in win- ter ; and it gives such a visible breadth of bottom as to add to its appar- ent strength. This earth finish around the foun- dation is especial- ly adapted to wet or clayey soils, where it is desir- able to have the cellar mostly above ground ; at | the same time it | secures greater elevation to the whole building. There are marked features of dissimilarity in the several openings, and in the details of the exterior dressing, each part being adapted to its special purpose, and so arranged as to be in keeping with the general design ; it therefore unites harmony and beauty. . . . Cellae, (fig. 66.) — The Cellar extends under the whole house ; clear bight 6'/, feet. The outside entrance to the cellar is by an area- way, having stone steps and walls, with hatchway and inside doors ; the hatchway doors, when closed, being even with the sloping earth finish .... Fiest Stoet, (fig. 67.) — Hight of ceiling 9'/, feet. The irregular outlines Fig 66.— PLAN OP CELLAB. 94 HOUSE-PLANS FOE ETERTBODT. of this plan contribute to the cheerfulness of the difEerent apartments, by giving opportunity for the insertion of windows where they will command the most pleasing prospects. The principal entrance is from the porch through double doors to the spacious hall, which adjoins the parlor and dining-room. The Parlor has one bay and two plain win- dows, with large wall space for furniture and wall decoration. The Dining- room is conven- iently arranged to .connect with the principal hall, parlor, rear lobby, large pan- try, or closet, and the cellar stairway, and has a large bay and one plain window. The Kitchen is planned to have I LOBBV STOOP DININa ROOM. U'.X 18" HALL AND IRECEPTION ROOM, PORCH ■ a range, sink. Fig. 67.-PLAN OP FIBST FI.O0B. pump, Wash- tubs, and the usual pipes for cold and hot water, and is provided with two windows, situated in opposite sides of the room to give abundant light, and afford thorough ventilation ; a closet adjoins the chimney-breast, and a cupboard is put beneath the sink. The Pantry is of good dimensions, contiguous to both dining-room and kitchen, has a suitable window, and is furnished with shelving. The rear entrance is iioru the coyered stoop to the rear HOUSB-PLAKS FOE EVEBTBODT. 95 lobby, and from thence to either dining-room or kitchen. Second Story, (fig. 68.) — This story is reached by a winding stairway from the principal hall, and contains four good-sized chambers, a bath-room, five large closets, and the needed passage-ways. The breast-walls are ver- tical to the height of 3'/, feet, and are continued upward along the underside of the steep roof frame-work to the ceiling, which is 8 feethigh. The Bath- room is provided with a bath-tub and seat - closet. The Tank is 1 foot 8 in. wide, 2 feet long, and 3 feet deep, and is placed in the closet adjoining the bath- room, at a hight of 2 feet above the floor, and provided with a neat-fitting lid. The spaces above and be- low the tank may be used as a closet for toweling, etc. The Fig. 68. — PLAM OF SECOND FLOOR. inferior location of this tank should insure it against frost, so long as the house is occupied by the family Construction. — The excavations for the cellar are 2 feet deep, and the earth is used as above described. The materials for the principal foundations may be of the roughest stone, such as are commonly used in farm-fenc- ing, and coarse mortar. Very little skill is required in the construction of these walls, as only the last, or top course, is seen from the outside, which should be laid to a line, and levelled to receive the frame-work. The exposed portious of the bay-window foundatipijs ^r^ 96 HOUSE-PLANS FOB BVEETBODT. constructed of brick laid in mortar, resting on stone- work, and leaving an interior recess or shelf, as shown on the cellar plan. The cellar windows are of good dimen- sions, and situated where they will insure sufficient light, and provide for the complete airing of the cellar. An opening should be left in one, or both of the chimneys, near the cellar ceiling, having a continuous flue to tue top, which will be heated by contact with the fire-places above when in use, and produce a draft that will exhaust the poisonous vapors always generated in cellars, and prevent them from rising through the house to contam- inate the air of the living-rooms. This cellar may be easily and cheaply divided into separate apartments by rough planking or otherwise, if ever desirable. The rear portion might be readily converted into a laundry, where the wash-tubs, with their accompanying pipes, might be placed, leaving more kitchen room, and relieving it of the steam and general disturbance of the ever-recurring washing days. Large durable posts are placed in the cel- lar, resting on large flat stones that have been embedded in the cellar bottom, as supports for the 4 X 8-inch gir- ders, shown on the cellar plan by the dotted lines. By the estimate, it will be seen that very little timber is used in the frame- work, of which the sills and beams comprise the heavier parts. I would enforce the importance of having the frame fitted and secured together in a sub- stantial manner. The beams should be bridged as de- scribed for Design XVII The exterior sides of the frame-work are designed to be inclosed with double board- ing, with an intermediate lining of tarred felting. The first covering should be milled to even thicknesses, and put on horizontally and double nailed to each stud. The felting is next applied in whole width strips, running from the sill to the plate. The water-table and window-frames are next put in their places, after which the final covering of tongued and grooved sheathing is put on vertically, with the lowei HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVEEYBODT. 97 ends neatly fitted to the water-table, and the upper ends covered with a 10-inch board forming a frieze to the cor- nice. The siding should then be painted one coat in a thorough manner, when battens of 1'/, inch "half round" (previously painted both sides) are firmly nailed over the joints of the sheathing. The windows are all arranged for iy,-inch sash, hung to iron weights with good cord, and neatly cased and moulded on the inside ; outside blinds are intended for each window above the cellar. The cornices are constructed in the simplest manner, and the perforated barges and finials are made as indicated by the elevation, and placed near the extremity of the gable cornices, from which ever-varying shadows are made against the building, producing the most delicate and pleasing effects. It is purposely intended that the roofs of the principal building, porch, stoop, bay, and dormer windows, shall have sufficient pitch for shingling The character of the balance of the work may be inferred from the estimate which is given in detail. — Estimate : 61 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard $12.20 l,27Sft. stone foundation, complete, at lac. per ft 153.36 6,0n0 bricic for hays and chimneys, famished and laid, at $12 per M 60.00 30 ft. stone steps and coping, at 30c. per ft 9.00 660 yards .S-coat plastering, complete, at 28c. per yard 184.80 8,526 it. timber, at $15 per M. '" "'' 1 sill, 4X8 in. 151 ft. long:. 10 posts, 4X6 in. 13 ft. long. 1 plate. 4X6 in. 136 ft. long. 4 valleys, 3X7 in. 17 ft. long. 1 eirder, 4XS in. 16 ft. long. 13 beams. 3x8 in.. 22 ft. long. 19 beams, 3XR in. 16 ft. long. 15 beams, 3x8 in. 15 ft. long. 1 beam. 3X7 in. 80 ft. long. 50 rafters, 3X4 in 13 ft. long. 800 wall-strips. 2x4x13. at lie. each , 33.00 200 sheathins, fl in., at 18c. each , 36.00 100 lbs. tarred felting, at 5c. pi-T lb 5,00 200 tongued and grooved sheathing, at 28c. each 56.00 200hattens. at 6c. each 12.00 Materials in cornices and water-table 38.00 325 shingling-lath, 1ix2xl3, at 6o. each 19.50 60 bnnchps shingles, at f 1 ..50 per bnnch 90.00 177 flooring. 1} .'Oi in., at a,5o. pnch <(4.3S 2 stoops /front and rearV cnmplnte 80.00 2 hny-windows (with hM"r1p\ complete 100.00 10 plain windows (with bliiidsl cninnlete. at $12 oach 120.00 4 dormer windows (with blinrl=\ complete, at $20 each 80,00 3 cellar windows, comnlote. at S6 each 18,(X1 Stairs, complete. $75: 21 doors, complete, at $8 each, $192 267.00 8 mantles, complete, $a0 $10. and $6 36.00 Shelving, etc., $12: nails, $18: painting, $110 140.00 Plnmbing and range, comnlets. $922 70; cartage, average 1 mfle, $25, 247.70 CarpentT'i l-bor. not Included above IKO.OB For contingencies 55.80 TetftUott, oomplet9 , ....i....t.ti..tM>t(if •|l),100,00 98 HOUSE-PLANS FOK EVBETBODT. DESIGN XVII. ELEVATION OP FRONT OP HOUSE. A HOUSE COSTING $3,300. These plans are for a full two-storj house, that will embrace the merits of the most economical form of con- fltruction (having a floor measurement of 24x38, nearly HOtrSE-PLAKS FOE BVEBTBODT. 99 square), with symmetry of style,and containing a very com- modious and convenient interior arrangement. The Ele- vation (fig. 69), has marked features of simplicity and re- finement, with sufficient diversity of parts to give variety and grace, without pretentious display. We invariably recommend high foundations for houses of this charac- ter ; of course a foot in bight at the bottom will add a foot to the bight of the whole, imparting a better appearance externally, and on ac- count of the better ventilation thereby afforded to the cellar, adds greatly to the healthfulness of the interior of the whole house. Addition al steps will be required to the stoops, but the cost of these are com- pensated by deduc- tions in the excava- tion for the cellar, and stone steps to the area. The large porch Fig. 70. — PLAU OP OELLAB. and double doors, the bay and other windows, each dis- tinctive in themselves, and adapted to their places, sim- ilar only in conformity of character, are so proportioned as to harmonize with each other with pleasing effect. The pediments of the roof are so arranged that each "face" of the building will have very nearly the same appearance of outline. The main cornice projects two feet beyond the frame-work of the house, and is supported by large trusses ; all other cornices and window-caps have proportionate projections, insuring heavy shadows, giving 100 HOUSE-PLANS TOE ETEKTBODY. relief and finisli to the whole Oellak, (fig. 70.)— ' Excavations for this cellar are made 3 feet 6 inches below the general surface of the ground. The Foundation- walls, Chimneys, Girder - supports, and rear Area- walls are built as described for De- sign XII. , after which the earth is graded around, and up against the foundation, so as to give such slope as will turn the water away from the house and walks, leaving the foundation 4 feet above the final grade Fikst Stoet, (fig. 71 ) — This story con- tains the principal hall, parlor, din- ing or living-room, kitchen, rear lob- by, three closets, and private stairs. The principal Hall is entered . 71,— PLAN ov PIR8T PLooB. f T o m thc f rout porch, through large double doors, is square (10x10 feet), and contains the principal stairs, which are built with a quarter circle and niche nearly in the center of (beir beight, m 4esc7ibe4 in Peeiga ^11. TU^ baU HOUSE-PLANS FOK EVEETBODT. 101 connects ■with the parlor through double doors ; this will be found to give an impression of amplitude that would scarcely be expected in a house of this size. The Parlor has a large bay-window, finished with elliptical arch and ornamental corbels, and a marble mantle. The Dining- room is intended as the living-room of the family, and communicates with each room and hall of the first story ; has a closet under the front stairs, and has a marble mantle. The Kitchen is pro- vided with a large range, two clos- ets, sink, with cold and hot' water, and closet underneath, and communicates with the dining- room, lobby, and cellar stairway. The rear en- trance to this story is through the lobby, which has two small windows. The private stairs are arranged to start from the rear lobby .... Second Stobt, (fig. 72.) — The manner in which this story is divided into rooms very much resemble a " double " house, the hall being nearly in the center of the house, and the rooms at either side : contains hall, two stairways, six rooms, and five closets. The hall is 5 ft. 6 in. X 10 ft., and has seven doors leading from it to the different rooms and private stairway. Many persons require a "study"; the room directly above the principal hall is best adapted for such Fig. 72. — ^PLAN OP SBCOND FLOOR. 102 HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVERTBODT. purpose, has a large closet, and is most convenient to the fltairs. The door to this room should have ground glass upper panels, to admit light to the hall. The Bath-room is provided with French bath-tub, seat-closet, and wash- basin. The soil-pipe from this story will be concealed by passing down inside one of the kitchen closets. Marble shelves, resting on stucco trusses, are intended for each of the four principal rooms of this story .... General Details. — It is intended that all the work should be done in a workmanlike and substantial manner, of good materials, as indicated in the estimate. All the principal timber is framed together, and raised in the usual man- ner, and secured with hard-wood pins. The enclosing should be dressed, of thoroughly seasoned materials, and nailed with lOd. nails. The cornices are ornamented with bold panelled brackets and dentil courses. Each gable is provided with a circular ventilator. All roofs are covered with charcoal tin, laid on rough boards, and have gutters as described for Design V., at a cost of 10 cts. per running foot. The columns of the front porch are turned, and have ornamental caps and square pedes- tals. The stoop-rail is 5 inches wide, and the balusters are scroll-sawed, of iy,-inch pine plank. The trusses tinder the bay-window are large, scroll-sawed, and orna- mental. The flooring should be thoroughly dried, close- laid, and double-nailed to each beam with lOd. nails. While laying the floor (having reached the center of the span of the beams), a row of cross-bridging should be put in, in a strong manner. In this way, the inequalities of the upper surfaces of the beams, which are always more or less sprung, will be brought into line by the flooring, and each piece of bridging will receive its relative propor- tion of the weight. The tarred paper is next inserted between the outside studding, in the manner described for Design XI., which is much cheaper than "brick- filling," and for many reasons more desirable. The oen- SOUSE-tLANS FOB ETEBTBODY. 103 tral partitions, that carry the principal weight, should be studded strongly of 4-inch materials, or wall-strips set edgeways. Ail closet, stair, and cross partitions may be set of 2-inch materials, or wall-strips set flatways. This latter method saves nearly one-half of the space taken by the partitions, which may be added to the size of the rooms, where it frequently happens that a few inches be- comes a matter of importance. The second-story ceiling timbers are of wall-strips, put 12 inches from centers, and a flooring of rough boards is laid over a part, to make room for storage, etc. All sash are ly, inches thick, and have second quality French glass in them, and are hung with iron weights. We think there is a good opportu- nity for improvement in the manufacture of window sashes, making them air-tight, and suggest inserting the necessary rubber strips near their edges, and especially in the lips of the check-rail — this would effectually shut out all drafts of air, and make the unsightly and imprac- ticable "weather-strip" unnecessary. All stairs should have r/, strings and treads, and '/^ risers, and should be so housed, glued, and keyed, as to make them solid ; squeaky stairs are abominable, and even when assured of their safety, one feels an instinctive suspicion of danger, and wiU look for treachery in every part of the house. Black walnut panelled newel, moulded rail, and fluted balusters, are intended for the principal flight of stairs. Setting the niche is a part of the stair-builder's work, and should always be included in his estimate for stairs 6f this character. The trimming of the hall, dining- room, and parlor, are of clear pine, the architraves are 8 inches wide, and " double-moulded," with panelled back to each window. Base 7-inch and moulded. All other rooms have 5-inch " single trim," with back moulding, and base to match. All doors panelled and moulded ; all room-doors have mortise locks, and closet-doors have rim-locks, all with brass bolts and keys ; knobs and 104 SOtrsE-PLANS POE EVEKTBODT. escutcheons of porcelain, and all saddles are of hard- wood. All parts of this house that are usually painted should have two coats of paint of the best materials, and of such colors as shall suit the owner. All hard-wood, such as the stair-rail, bath-room finish, and saddles, should hare two coats of linseed-oil .... Cost. — Contractors every- where differ in their estimates for work of any kind. These differences are sometimes the result of some pecu- liar circumstance, but most generally they arise through some misapprehension of fact ; either the plans are in- comprehensible, or the description of them ambiguous, leading to a variety of interpretations, and consequently a variety of prices, some of which are too low, and some too high. The low man who usually proposes to do the best work, and the most of it, gets the job, and executes the work in accordance with his preconceived ideas, gets his money, and leaves the owner in possession of some- thing he did not expect. No one can know the extent and character of the work better than the projector of them, who should be equally qualified to give exact esti- mates of quantities and cost of everything connected with their thorough development and execution, and thus truly fulfill his mission as the architect of the works. Cost is one of the most interesting features in any project, and no plan is hardly worth considering that does not comprehend in some way the expense of its execution. Builders and others interested in such plans, will appre- ciate the detailed estimates, as furnishing the key to the whole plan, supplying the needed information as to the real quality and character of the work. — Estimate : 62 yards excavation, at aOc. per yard $12.40 13,000 hard brick, furDished and laid, at $12 per M 156.00 700 yards lath and plastering, at 28c. per yard 196.00 32 ft. stone steps, at 40c. per ft 12.80 24 ft. stone sills, at 30c. per ft 1.20 8,300 ft. of timber, at $15 per M 34.60 2 sills, 4x7 in. 24 ft. long. 2 sills, 4X7 in. 28 ft. long. 4 posts, 4X7 in. SO ft. long. 2 ties, 4X6 in. 24 ft. long. 2 ties, 4X6 in. 28 ft. long. 2 plates, 4X6 in. 24 ft. long. 2 plates, 4x6 in. 28 ft. long. 1 girt, 4x8 in. 28 ft. long. 30 Beams, 3X7 in. 24 ft. long. 4 valleys, 3X7 in. 12 ft. lone.. HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVEBTBODT. 105 40O wall-strips, 2X4 in. 13 ft. long at lie. each $44.00 230 noYelty clear Bldingboards, at28c. each 64.40 175 lbs. tarred paper, at 5c. per lb 8.75 150 tongued and grooved flooring, at 28c. each 42,00 130 liemlocli roof^oards, liic. eacli 20.80 12 squares of tin roofing, at $T per square 84.00 156 ft. gutters and leaders, at 10c. per ft 16.60 104 ft. cornice, at 40c. per ft 41.60 1 bay-window (with blinds), complete 75.00 12 plain windows (with blinds), complete, at $16 each 192.00 8 cellar windows, complete, at $4 each 32.00 1 stoop (except tin as above), complete 70.00 27 doors, complete, at $9 each, $243; 3 stairs, complete, $70 313.00 2 marble mantles, and 4 shelves on trusses 50.00 Hange, plumbing, sink, bath, water-closet, andpnmp 814.55 Corner-boards, base, and shelving, $32.50; nails, $20 52.50 Cartage, average one mile 20.00 Capenter's labor, not included above, $200; painting, $100 300.00 Incidentals 40.90 Total cost, complete $2,200.00 DESIGN XVIII. A SOUTHERN" HOUSE COSTING |3,300. This plan of a simple, yet genteel Southern house, em- braces ample interior accommodation for the wants of a good-sized family. It has an abundance of outside veran- das and artificial shade, and may be constructed at a very moderate cost Exterior, (fig. 73. ) — The style is adapted to the Middle and Southern States, because of its elevation and airiness, the overhanging projections of its roof, and the facility with which wings or verandas may be added. The Tower is a conspicuous feature, and though without any special ornamentation, it gives an expression of unity and completeness to the whole structure. The Verandas on every side afford protection from the sun. Many persons prefer disconnected veran- das (as shown in figs. 73 and 75), with open ends to the roofs for the escape of the heated air that would otherwise be retained in them. Moreover, disconnected verandas prevent the annoyance arising from the noise made by children who are fond of running and playing upon them. .... Cellar, (fig. 74.) — This is under the kitchen wing only ; is 6'/, feet deep, has two windows, an outside en- 106 HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVEKTBOBT. trance with stone steps, and a stairway leading to the rear entry of the first floor. . . . Fiest Stoet, (fig. 75.) — Hight of ceiling in the main house, 11 feet, and in the wing 9 feet. The entrance Hall, nearly square, and en- Kg. 73. — ymw of bxteriob of a. sottthebn housb. tered from the front piazza through double doors, con- tains the main stairs, and communicates with the parlor and dining-room. Each of these apartments commu- nicates with the library through large sliding-doors. The windows to these rooms open to the floor, and are .p;o-> HOUSB-PLAN-S FOR ETEETBODT. 107 tected on the outside by the verandas. The front parlor window is 6'/, feet wide, with the sashes arranged to slide in pockets at either side, by which means the parlor is apparently pro- longed to, and may be used with the veranda. Each of the large rooms has fire- places and mar- ble mantles. The closet for the din- ing-room is under the main stairs. The Kitchen is in the rear wing,and separated from the main house by the rear lobby and the pantry ; it has a good-sized double window at each side, a large pantry, and afire- place. In the rear entry are stair- ways leading to the second story and to the cel- lar Sbcond Stobt, (fig. 76.) Fig. 74.— OEIXAB HID GBOUHS FLAN. — Hight of ceilings in main house, 9 feet, and in the wing 7 feet. It is divided into six chambers, besides halls and closets. The three larger Chambers have fire- places with marble shelves, and two windows in each. The window in the small chamber is placed near the 108 HOtrSE-PLANS FOR BVERTBODT. ceiling, above the kitchen roof. The two Chambers in m the wing are intended as servants rooms, and have no communication with the main house Toweb and Attic. — The Tower has an inclosed stairway, with a door at the foot. The main roof finish at the rear of the tower is leveled even with the main ridge, inclosing the in- tervening space ; this afEords room for a door leading from the tower to the attic. This story is thorough- ly floored, and has small win- dows in each ga- ble, and is useful as a place for storage. In cases of necessity, a portion of this attic may be used for bedrooms.... Fig. 75.-FLi^ OF riRST FLOOR. CoNSTEUCTIOK. — The Cellar excavations are made in the ground 4'/, feet deep, and for the underpinning of the main house one foot. The loose earth is used in grading, raismg the surface immediately surrounding the foundation 8 inches. The foundation walls are 8 inches thick, of hard brick and good mortar. The cellar walls are 6'/, feet high, and the underpinning 3 feet 2 inches high, leaving an exposed surface 18 inches high at completion. Only the portions of HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVERTBODT. 109 the foundation plan, shown darker in the plan, fig. 74, are walled, the intervening spaces being left open for the free circulation of air. The general character of the materials to be used in the construction of this house (a large por- tion of which is milled, and man- ufactured ready for use,) may be inferred from the appended esti- mate. The man- ner of putting these materials together is of great import- ance, and should be entrusted only to skillful and thorough work- men. The de- tails of the exte- rior finish are so plain, that the work of "getting out" the scTeral par ts may be done by the mechanics employed in building, with- out recourse to the scroll-saw or ^'S- 76.-plan op second floob. carver. The truss-work of the cornices, and the open frame-work, and columns of the verandas, are of dressed timber, and stop-chamfered. All the roofs have suf- cient pitch to allow the use of shingles, which are much ligMer aad cooler fkm sl^te or aetal. Yerasda roofs eo 110 HOUSE-PLAKS FOK EVEKYBODT. constructed do not reflect so much heat into the chambei ■windows as others, which is important in a warm cli- mate Ventilation. — Large window openings, with easy working sashes, are provided, and afford the best means of changing the air of any apartment. The chim- neys are large, and have open fire-places, and ventilating side-flues with registers near the ceilings. These open- ings, which should never be closed, will be found to afford satisfactory ventilation. During seasons of extreme heat, the tower may be made to serve as a general ventilator, by lowering the upper sashes, and opening all the doors leading to it. The following estimate includes everything necessary to complete this building in a thorough man- ner, at prices now ruling in the vicinity of New York. — Estimate : 61 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard $12.Sfl 15,000 bricks, fomiahed and laid, at $12 per M 180.00 26 ft. stone steps and sills, at 30c. per ft 7.80 700 yards plastering, at 28c. per yard , 196.00 6,112 ft. of timber, at $16 per M 91.68 78 beams, 2x8 in. 16 ft. long. 34 beams, 2X8 in. 15 ft. long. 39 beams, 2X7 in. 16 ft. long. 15 beams, 2x7 in. 11 lU lodg. 1 piazza, 2x7 in. 375 ft. long. 2 valleys, 3X8 in. 16 ft. long. Sills, 4X^ in. '2.47 ft. long. 1 tie, 4X6 in. 247 it. long. 1 plate, 4X6 in. 247 ft. long. 7 posts, 4X7 in. 22 ft. long. 4 posts, 4X7 in. 34 ft. long. 1 ridge, 2X7 in. 40 ft. long. 1 ridge, 2x7 in. 30 ft. long. 100 joist, 3X4 in. 13ft. long, at 16c. eacb..: 16.00 400 wall-strips. 2x4 in. 13 ft. long, at lie. cacb 44.00 420 siding (6J in. wide 13 ft. long, at 26c. each 109.20 Materials in cornices and verandas 40.00 120 hemlock boards (for main house), at 15c. each 18.00 236 pine boards for roofing, 4JX13, at 18c. each 42.48 67 bunches shingles, at $1.50 per banch 100.50 Finial on tower '. 8.00 168 Flooring for verandas. 4Jin. wide, at 20c. each 33.60 860 flooring for inside, 9i in. wide, at 26c. each S3.(i0 Stairs, $70; closet finish, $20 90.00 2 cellar windows, complete, at $6 each 12.00 28 windows, at $10, $280 ; 32 doors, at $9, $288 5C8.00 3 mantles, $25 each, $75; 3 shelves, $6 each, $18 CS.OO 224 ft. gutters and leaders, at 8c. per ft 17.92 Nails, $22 ; painting, $125 ; carting, $25 172.00 Carpenter's labor, not included above 200.00 Incidentals 54.02 Total cost, complete $2,200.00 HOUSE-PLANS FOE BTBRTBODT. DESIGN XIX. Ill Fig. 77.— PEONT VIEW 01' HOUSE. A STONE HOUSE, COSTING $2,500. This plan has many features to commend it as an eco- nomical country house. It is similar in many respects to Design XXVII. , having an equal breadth of front, and is constructed of like substantial materials. The arrange- ment of the several parts, however, are more regular and compact, and embrace accommodations for a good-sized family Exterior, (fig. 77.) — At first sight, the reader will perceive the perfect balance apparent in the outlines and details of the front. Variety is also an es- special feature, resulting from the pleasing diversity and systematic distribution of the prominent parts. The site has much efEect upon the appearance of any building. This house should have a commanding position to afford such views as would seem to be expected from its broad and generous windows. Health aod happiness being -112 HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVEBTBODT. largely dependent on the situation, it is important to select a position having a natural drainage, and therefore more likely to be surrounded with pure wholesome air. Cellab, (fig. 78.)— Hight 6'/, feet. The plain en- graving saves the need of further explanation. The ceil- ing is smoothly "laid off" with one coat of plaster, and the walls are flush-pointed, so that the whole interior may be whitewashed whenever it shall be desirable to lighten or sweeten the cellar. . . . First Stobt, (fig. 79. ) — 13 As is suggested , _., I )_,.in^:.J[ ^^7^py ^ l>y the exterior, -*— — "-"- ^ '^ ^ ' " system and order are prominent features in the in- terior arrange- ment. The main entrance is through double doors. The prin- cipal hall is cen- Fig. 78.-PLAN OP CELLAB. ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ and contains the open and balustered stairway to the second story. The two principal rooms are of equal size, with outlooks front and rear. The Parlor has a pleasant bay or plant window, arranged to be shut off, when desirable, by large sash doors. This window has no floor, but is cemented around its sides below the floor-line, to secure dryness to the walls, and is filled with earth wherein plants may be grown. The thick mason- ry surrounding this plant-bed will secure it from frost. The temperature required to make the parlor comfortable will be suflScient for the plants, while the strong sunlight will insure their vigorous growth. A mirror may be placed on the mantle opposite this window, arranged to reflect its contents, and make a most cheerful picture.— The Living-roo» is a Qo»T§aieat apartment, i» easy oo»« HOUSE-PLASrS FOB EVEETBODT. 113 munication with the front and rear entrances, the wood- house, and cellar-stairs, passing down under the front hall stairs. It has a large pantry, and is provided with a range, sink, stationary wash-tubs, water, and w^aste-pipes- The importance of having cold and hot water always ready should not be overlooked. Very much of the drudgery of housework in the country consists in draw- ing and carrying water, and be- sides, it general- ly happens that when water is most wanted, the vessels are empty, necessi- tating great in- convenience and frequent dis- tress.— The Bed- room is situated between the par- lor and living- room, and communicates with both, and has a good-sized closet. This apartment may be used as a sewing-room, where such work need not be put away every time it is laid down for a moment. The "Wood-house at the rear is constructed of light materials, and serves as a fuel and utensil room Second Stoet, (fig, 80.) — This story is divided into five chambers, a hall, and seven closets. Each room is entered directly from the hall, obviating the too frequent necessity of passing through one room to reach another. Closets are a necessity to any well ordered household ; their uses are so numerous that it is hardly possible to provide too many Kemaees ok CoNSTETJCTioiS'. — The element of durability is an import- ant quality of this structure, avoiding the necessity and Fig. 79.— PLAN OP PIRST FLOOB. 114 HOUSE-PLAUS FOR EVBRTBODT. expense of freouenl- repairs. The exterior walls are con- structed of stone and brick, as described in Design XXVII. Care should be taken to make these walls per- fectly solid ani thorough. The mortar used should be of the best lime, and coarse, sharp sand. Such mortar im- proves with age, always increasing in hardness and strength. The brick corner-work may be laid in dark or blue mortar with good efEect in subduing the strong con- trasts in color. Interior plaster- ing should never be applied direct- ly to the stone- work. Such walls do not readily conform to the sudden changes of the surround- ing temperature, and are rendered damp and unwholesome from the moisture of the air being condensed upon them. They should be furred off, leav- ing an air-space between the stone-work and plastering, through the whole hight of the wall, and opening into the spaces between the rafters of the roof. Side-walls constructed in this manner afford a most comfortable interior, having a more equal temperature than is possi- ble in the usual frame building, and neither the severe cold of winter,, nor the extreme heat of summer, is imme- diately felt within. The chimneys are of hard brick ; their interior location insures a great saving of fuel, as the heat that is radiated from them greatly assists in warming the house. The principal roofs are covered with dark slate. "Keystone" and "Chapman" are good qualities, and are mostly used in this vicinity ; they have good color, and do not fade. A good efEect is produced ■PLAN OT SECOND FLOOB. HOUSS-FLANS FOB EVSBYBODT. 115 by clipping the exposed corners of about one-third of the elate, in a uniform manner^ and laying them in belts of five or six courses each across the roof. Estimate op the Cost : 111 jardB ezcavation, at 30c. per yard $32.20 171 percbeB etone-work, at $3,75 per perch.... 470.26 103 It. atone sills and steps, at 30c. per ft SO.yo 8,000 brlcksin angles, etc., at $12 per M., laid , 24.00 4,000 bricks in cbimneys, at $13 per M., laid 48.00 660 yards plastering, at 2Sc. per yard 184.80 80 yards plastering in ceiling of cellar, at 20c. per yard lli.OO 8,86'? ft. of timber, at $15 per M 60.50 2 girders, 4x8 in. 32 ft. long. 4 plates, 4x8 in. 11 ft. long. 2 purlins, 4x8 in. 38 ft. long. 1 ridge, 2x6 in. 39 ft. long. 1 rid^e, 2x6 in. 33 ft. long. 44 beams, 3x8 in. 13 ft. long. 32 beams, 3x8 in. 11 ft. long. 40 rafters, 2X5 in. 19 ft. long. 4 valleys, 8X7 in. 31 ft. long. 18 collars, l^xS- in. 14 ft. long. 230 wall-strips, at lie. each 25.30 130fQrring strips, at 6c. each 7.80 Anchors, of tire iron, $3 ; cornice materials, $30 33.00 800 shingling-lath, at6c. each 18.00 Bearwing, ezclnsive of tin, complete.... 100.00 30 squares of slate, at $9 per square 180.00 33 hemlock boards, at 16c. each 5.19 8t squares of tin, at $7 per square 24.50 60 ft. of leaders and gutters, at 10c. per ft 6.00 213 flooring, Slnch, at35c. each 53.^ Stairs, complete 70.00 Piazza and stoop, ezcInsiTe of tin, complete 80.00 6 cellar windows, complete, at $5 each 30.00 17 plain windows, complete, at flOeach 170.00 4 dormer windows, complete, at $18 each 72.00 27 doors, complete, at $9 each 243.00 4 mantles, 2 marble and 2 wooden, complete 63.00 Closet flnisb, complete 18.00 Bange and plumbing, complete 150.00 Nails, $14: painting, $60: cartage, $15 89.00 Carpenter's Tabor, not included above.. , 135.00 Incidentals 91.38 Total cost, complete $2,500.00 DESIGN XX. A COUNTRY HOUSE, COSTING |3,600. This plan is somewhat similar in style and materials to Design XXIV. The changes here indicated adapt it to a more southern climate, such as larger window openings, more piazzas, and placing the domestic rooms at the rear of the main building. . . . Extbkiok, (fig. 81.) — " Double front " houses (as those having their front entrance in the center are usually called), may face any point of compass. 116 HOUSE-PIiANS FOB EVBETBODT. and are adapted to almost any situation. They appear best when located at sufficient distance from the road t. allow extended, neatly laid-out approaches, and thus j: ' an air ol retirement. ... Cbllae, (fig. 82.) — HigL' sOT^3>- 'Wig. 81.— ELEVATION OV FROKT OF HOFBB. feet. Full size of the main building, with window open- ings on every side Fiest Story, (fig. 83.) — Hight of ceilings in main house, 1 1 feet ; in the wing, 9 feet. The apartments embraced in the main house are unusually large, airy, and pleasant. All the windows open down to the floor, and are protected from sun and rain by the piazza. The Hall has a wide entrance leading from the piazza, and contains the principal flight of stairs. The HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVEETBODY. 117 Parlor and Living-room are of equal size (14x24 feet), have windows looking in three directions, and have open fire-places in each. The rear entry occupies part of the main house and wing, its hight of ceiling is determined by the platform of the main stairs. It communicates conveniently with the rear piazza, main hall, living-room, kitchen, cellar-stairs, and a closet. In the Wing are a kitchen, work-room or summer-kitchen, butler's pantry, and two closets. The Kitchen communicates with the Sj living-room through the butler's pan- try, which is "dresser -fin- ished with drawers and shelving. The work-room is furnished with a pump, sink, and two stationary wash-tubs. placed in this wing. :^ -^?- i. PLAN is: OP 34 :^ E CELLAR B~" a 1 Fig. 83. — fjjAxi of oellae. If desired, a bath-room may be and fitted up with the necessary plumbing, as shown in Design XXXIII. . . Second Stoet, (fig. 84.) — Hight of ceiling, 9 feet. A hall, three cham- bers, a bedroom, and four closets are the divisions of this story. The stairs leading to the attic are placed above those of the first story, with a door at the foot At- tic. — The estimate provides for a floor in this, and for casing the four pair of windows, but it is otherwise left unfinished. Four or more bedrooms may be made in this story if desired .... Oonsteuction. — The materials are indicated in the estimate. The foundation-walls show 2 feet above the ground. The timber is framed and raised in the most thorough manner. The beams are placed 2 feet apart from centers, and bridged with one 118 HotrsB-piAUa S'Oa S:v:fiEirfioi>ir. Fig. 83.' pediment (fig. pierced in sim- ple figure, and require on'ly one set of pat- terns for the four gibles. The piazza- raftera show in their ceil- ings. Perfo- rated pedi- ments in each row of "cross- bridging " in each span. Obserre that the main posts are 25 feet long; this in- cludes the whole hight 1 f r o m bottom of sills to top plates, and al lows for four feet of inside breastwork from the attic floor to foot of main rafters. The maiu roof is set at an an- gle of 45°. The "open-worked" ^ixAir OF iTBST FLooB. bdrgcs lu the 81), are of I'/^-inch-plank, 16 inches wide, Fig. 84. — PLAU OP SECOND FLOOB. BOCSS-PLAKS POB £V£BYSODr. lid side allow the escape of heated air from under the roofs. The columns are "hoxed" 7 inches square, and 6ham> fered. The spandrels are scroll-sawed from 3-inch tim- ber. The two full stories are hard finished on two coats of brown mortar and seasoned lath. All doors are pan- elled, and all architraves in the main house are double moulded ; in the wing single moulded. All sashes are ly, inch thick, and glazed with second quality French glass. The parlor and living-room have marble mantles ; the chambers have marble shelves resting on stucco trusses. The main stairs have an 8-inch octogan newel, a 2'/^ X 4'/, moulded hand-rail, and 2-inch fluted balusters, all of black walnut, as also are the saddles to each room. All knobs, roses, and escutcheons are of white porcelain. All wood usually painted has two coats of best paint, in shades to suit the owner's taste. Estimate of Cost : . 137 yards ezcaTation, complete, at 30c. per yard tST.40 52 perches stone-work, at $2.75 per perch 143.00 6,000 brick, famished and laid, at|l2perM 72.00 44 ft. blue-stone, at 30c. per ft 13.20 623 yards plastering, complete, at 28c. per yard 174.44 7,126 ft. timber, at $15 per M 106.89 1 sill, 4X8 in. 205 ft. long. 10 posts, 4X8 in. 23 ft. long. 2 girders, 4x8 in. 25 ft. long. 1 tie, 4x6 in. 124 ft. long. 1 plate, 4x6 in. 205 ft. long. 1 piazza, 3X5 in. 332 ft. long. 600 wall-strips, at lie. each. 90 beams, 3X8 in. 16 ft. long. IB beams, 3x8 in. 17 ft. long. 4 Talleys, 3X8 in. 23 ft. long. 40 rafters, 8X5 in. 20 ft. long. 1 piazza, 8x8 in. 370 ft. long. 65.09 360 siding, at28c. each 100.80 Materials in cornices, comer-boards, etc 40.00 360shingling-]ath, atOc. each.. ...-; 21.60 65 bunches shingles, at $1.50 each 97.60 134 hemlock boards, at IGc. each 21.44 15 sqnares tin roofing, gutters, and leaders, at 7c. per ft 105.00 160 flooring, at 28c. each. $100.80 ; stairs, complete, $90 190.80 Piazzas, except roofing, complete 160.00 8 cellar windows, $48; 30 windows, $300 348.00 28 doors, complete, at $10, $280 ; closet finish, $20 300.00 Mantles and shelves, $75 ; nails, $20 95.00 Painting, complete. $150 ; cartage, $35 185.00 Pomp, sink, and range, $60; incidentals, $42.93 102.98 Carpenter's labor, not included above 260.00 Total cost, complete $2,600.00 The following detailed estimate of the cost of vnndows and doors, " complete," are given in explanation as to what is Included in the foregoing and other lists, viz. ; 120 HOUSE-PIANS FOB EVERYBODY. Flrat-dcui Windows, complete.— For a Second-doss Windows, complete.— 4*01 !!-7X6-2wmdow,withpanelledback, anda S-7XS-2 winduw, with plain Bingl* full double trim, viz. : moulded trim, viz. : ii ft. running lumber in frame, at 30 running ft. of lumber in frame, at 4c $0.88 4c $0. SO 4 pulleys 14 4 pulleys, at 40c. per dozen 14 28 lbs. iron weights, at 3tc TO 36 lbs. saah-weignts, at 2ic 65 Sash cord, 8c. ; screws, 3c 11 Sash-cord 08 2-2 ft. of 8-inch trim, at 8c 1.76 Screws 03 Panelled back materials 48 16 ft. of 5-inch trim, at 6c 80 Sash, glazed, counter-checked, and Sash, glazed, counter-checked, and hung 2.80 hung 2.16 Blinds, with fastenings l.SOBlinds, with fastenings 1.56 Materials in outside cap 64 Nosing, apron, and drip 30 Nails, 8c. ; labor, $4 4.08 Nails, 6c. ; labor, $2.50 ■ 856 Totol $13.39, Total $9.08 Where there are an equal number of each class, I should put their cost at $11.33 each, and where the sec- ond class preponderates, as is usually the case, the average price is reduced accordingly : Mrst-dast Doors, complete.— Doahle-| Seamd-claas Doors, complete.— Single- faced, 2-8x7 ft., full trimmed : faced, 2-6x6-8, single trim : Door, 4-panellea, at factory $2.60 Door, 4-panelled, at factory $1.90 20 ft. running trim, 8 in., at 21c. . . 4.20 18 ft. running trim, at 15c 2.70 Saddle 15 Saddle 15 Buts and screws 16 Bute and screws 15 Locks and knobs 50 Locks and knobs... 35 22 running ft. base, at .9c 1.98 22 running ft. base, at 7c 1.54 Nails, 6c. ; labor, $3 3.06 Nails, 5c. ; labor, $2 2.05 Total $12,551 Total $8.84 It will be noticed that the item for,3ase is included in above estimate for doors. The figures (33 feet) are an average per door, deduced from careful calculations, and are introduced here for the purpose of aiding any one in readily making up an estimate for a whole buildhig. DESIGN XXI. A FARM HOUSE COSTING $3,600. These plans were designed for a convenient and com- fortable Farm-house in the American style, comprehend- ing the most economical and practical methods of con- struction. The size and shape of such houses should be made to conform to the requirements of those who are to HOTTSE-PLANS FOR EVER7B0DT. 131 occupy them. TTnlike the villager, the farmer has ample road front, and his house should be so arranged as to secure the most pleasant outlook from the living rooms. For many important reasons a farmer's house should be set back from the highway at least 75 feet, 300 feet is much better. Everyone appreciates a nice lawn in front of a country home, through which inviting ap- proaches lead from the road entrances bordered with flowers, and where space is allowed for shade trees and Fig. 86.— FRONT ELEVATION OF FABM HOUSE. shrubbery. The width of country roads when first projected is usually limited to 50 feet. There is no cer- tainty, however, that an increased width or the straight- ening of a roadway will not be demanded at any time and such contingencies should be provided for. Other con- siderations require but a moment's thought to convince anyone of the desirableness of an ample front lawn. ExTBEiOE, (fig. 85.) — Farm houses usually stand disconnected and apart from other buildings, and should 122 SOUSSl-tlAKS FOB EVEEYBODY. have outlines that will best adapt them to the conditions that are otherwise manifest in the location. This plan is intended for an eastern frontage, where it would face the morning sun, when the principal and broader portions of the building, at the right, would be doubly valuable as ^ shield to ward ofE the northern winds from the parts of the house most used by the occupants. (By reversing Fig. 86.— PLAH OF OELLAS. the plan it would be equally adapted to the opposite, or easterly side of a road. ) It is intended that the body of 'the house shall be set at least two feet above the ground ; this gives opportunity for good-sized cellar-windows, that will admit light, and afford good openings for cellar ven- tilation, and also secure the frame-work of the building against moisture from the ground. Such moisture, if allowed, will cause decay of the sills and other principal timbers, and is sure to percolate upward into the house, filling it with unwholesome vapors. The variety of the general outlines as shown in the elevation are calculated SOUSE-PLANS FOR EVEEYBODY. 123 to impart a cheerful and lively appearance always desira- ble in a country home, and very pleasant to the passer- by. The ridged roofs, with their spreading gables and ample projections, are features of frankness in which there is no attempt at concealment or imitation. The bay-windows, wide entrance, and spacious piazza, are Fig. 87.— FLAN OP FIKST STOBT. each expressive of liberality and refinement. The extreme simplicity of the details, and methods of construction, deroid of aU ostentatious display, clearly express the pur- pose of the building, and commend it to the consideration of all who are interested in rural house building FouifDATiON", (fig. 86.) — In most locations stone are abundant ; our estimate comprehends the building of the foundation-walls of rough, broken stone, laid in coarse mortar, and neatly pointed where exposed to sight. Any man who is at all familiar with the most ordinary stone- 124 HOUSE-PLANS POS EVEETBODT. work, such as building "wall" fences, could build these foundations acceptably; they should be laid up 18 inches thick, and flush with the outside of the frame-work of the building. Our plan shows a cellar under the central part of the building only, which should be 7 feet deep ; this cellar will be found sufficiently spacious for the uses of most families, but may be enlarged if desirable. One Fig. 88. — ^plan ot sbcohd stobt. of the " wise sayings " we heard in youth was, " always build your cellar under the whole house." TJnless there are ample cellars under the barns, the house-cellar is never too large. In this case, it will be but little extra cost and labor to take out the earth, and carry the foun- dations down. The walls provided would do most of this, and then we have ample cellars for all wants, and have room to partition off fruit and vegetable rooms, the for- mer of which need to be much cooler than the latter, if one would keep fruit well. The side-walls of the area are built of the same materials as the cellar-walls; with. HOUSE-PIANS FOB EVBBTBODT. 135 the stone steps inserted while building. The foundations shown on the plan where no cellar is required, are built of the same materials, laid in trenches, which have been excavated 18 inches wide, and 2 feet deep. The chimney foundations should be started and laid up with the other walls. A very effectual ventilation may be provided from the cellar by arranging an opening that shall lead to the left-hand flue of the kitchen chimney ; this flue will be warmed by contact with the range when in use, and a strong draft will be made, which will exhaust the damp, foul odors so common in deep cellars. It will be observed that the cellar is protected from the extreme changes of outward temperature by the walls and spaces at each side, and by the partial coverings in front and rear. . . . First Stoet, (fig. 87.) — This story is divided into three large and three small rooms, and hall. By this plan, the; kitchen is intended as the living-room of the family, and is so arranged as to be the most convenient and pleasant room in the house; has large windows front and rear, which will admit an abundance of light, and afford an outlook each way. A large range is placed in the fire- place, with a water-back connecting with the boiler in the laundry. The clock and lamp-shelf is placed on the opposite side of the room from the fire-place : should never be over it. Adjoining the kitchen, and connected with it, is a pantry, containing shelving^ drawers, and a wash-tray, with cold and hot water. The Laundry, or worh- ■>-oom, is arranged to connect directly with the kitchen and pantry, and leads to the rear outside door. This room is fitted up so that the principal kitchen-work may be done in it, with great facility, and with few steps, and contains a closet, sink, pump, wash-tubs, tank, and boiler. The hight of the ceiling in this room is 10 feet in the clear. The Tank (not shown in the drawings), is situated close up to the ceiling, above the pantry door, is 8 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 2 feet deep. The boiler is 136 HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVEKTBODT. of copper, 40-gallon capacity, and is placed directly in the rear of the kitchen chimney. The sink and wash- tubs are shown on the plan, and are to be provided with cold and hot water. The force-pump is placed next to the sink, under the tank — by this method but little plumbing is required, and a very perfect and satisfactory arrangement is secured. The boiler keeps the tempera- ture of this room sufficiently warm to prevent damage to the pipes from frost. The Bedroom also adjoins the kitchen, and has a closet for clothing, and two windows. The principal Hall, included in the central building, is entered through large double doors from the front piazza, and connects through doors with the parlor, kitchen, and back passage, and contains the principal stairs, which are of easy "platform" construction. The Parlor has a large bay-window, marble mantle, and adjoins the library through large sliding-doors. The Library has a marble mantle, and closet, and connects with the back passage at the rear of the principal stairs. The Front Piazza has its ends sheltered by the projections at each side, and is arranged to require but two columns. If desirable at any time, a part of this piazza can be enclosed with sash at very little expense, which would provide a very conyen- ient conservatory for plants and flowers. The rear "shed" is provided with a roof and columns, but has no wooden floor. It is intended that the grounds around the rear of the central building shall be graded well up, say within a foot of the rear door-sills, so as to require but a single step, or large flat stone, to each door. The outside cellar doors would be made to lay even with the final grade, and hung to the coping-stones of the area- walls, and the remaining space paved or flagged with stone. When once properly done, the finish of this char- acter will last a lifetime without trouble, while wood-work could never be satisfactory, and would often require re- newal. Whenever the cellar doors are opened, they are HOTJSB-PLAlirS FOB EVBETBODY. 12? hooked np against the columns, where they fonn a rail- ing, or gnard, to prevent the usual danger of an open hatchway The Second Story (fig. 88), has a hall, four large and three small chambers, with four closets, and stairway leading to the attic. Each of the large Cham- bers has two windows, and a ventilating register in the flue of the chimney adjoining. AH these rooms have full hight ceilings, and are not so close to the roof as to be affected by their absorbed heat of summer, but have com- plete square ceilings, with large air-spaces between them and the roofs. The Attic of the principal building is completely floored, and has windows in each gable or pediment, and may be used for storage, drying clothes in stormy weather, and for many other purposes.... Coir- STETJCTiON'. — The estimate appended indicates the kind and quantity of materials used, which will be found to be such as are now most generally adopted for buildings of this character. The work is very simple, and may be executed by the simplest methods. Information concern- ing the application and uses of the "felting" may be found in Design XL We have before suggested that " there are circumstances that would justify the building of one part of a house first." Should it be desirable, the central portion of this house could be built first, and would be found quite sufficient as the dwelling house of a email family, and the remainder added afterwards as re- quired .... Estimate. — The following estimate has been carefully compiled, and may be relied on for quantities, etc. Prices vary in different localities, but the figures here given form a good basis of calculation : 65 yards excavation, atSOc. ppryard.'. $13.00 882 ft. foundation, at 15c. per ft 133.30 725 ft. foundation, at 10c. per ft 72.50 6,000 bricks In chimneys, at $12 per M 72.00 40 ft. stone steps and coping, at 30c. per ft 12.00 flOO yards lath and plastering, at 28c. per yard 252.00 4,799 ft. of timber, at $15 perli 72.00 Sills, 4X8 in. 218 ft. long. -' " ' 1 girt, 4X8 in. 20 ft. long. 7 posts, 4X7 in. 22 ft. long. S posts, 4X7 in. 18 ft. long, 45 beams, 3X8 in. 16 ft. long. 22 beams, 3X8 in. 22 ft. long. 15 beams. 3X7 in. 9 ft. long. 4 vall.'ys, 3x8 in. 20 ft. long. Ties and plates, 4x6 in. 384 ft. Ions 138 HOUSE-PLANS FOE BVEBTBODT. 600 waU-strips, Sx4 in. 13 ft. long, at Ho. each $56.00 »10 noTelty siding boards, 9iin.,at28o. eacli 95.S0 150 lbs. tarred felting, at 5c. per lb 7.50 300 matched flooring boards, 9J in. wide, at 28c. each 84.00 20 rough spruce plank, at 860. each B.OO S70 ahlngling-Iath, at 6c. each 16.20 48 bunches shingles, at $1.50 each 72 00 75 hemlock boards, 10-inch, at 18c. each 13.50 7 sqnares o( tin roofing, at $9 per square 63.00 Materials in cornices and outside casings 60.00 33narrow pine flooring for front piazza, at 25c. each 8.25 67 narrow pine ceiling, at 25c. each 16.75 1 bay-window, complete 75.00 S6 plain windows, complete, at $12 each 312.00 4 cellar windows, complete, at $6 each 24.00 W doors, complete, at $10 each 300.00 Stairs, complete, $70; 8 closets, fitted complete, $40 111.00 '13'B"| ____ . — ATTIO. ished as an open garret, valuable as a play-room for the children, a clothes drying- room, and many other purposes. OONSTEUO- TioK. — The Foundation, of hard brick and good mortar, is shown by the Cellar plan, (fig. 93.)— It shows four feet above 132 HOUSE-PLAN& FOE ETEETBODT. the grade in front, and, if desirable, may show one-hali that hight in the rear. There is usually sufficient earth taken from the cellar excavations to give such desirable grade as shall turn off all water from the immediate grounds and walks. The chimneys are also of hard brick, are independent of the foundations, and are carried Fig. 93.— FLAH 07 CBLLAB. up perfectly plumb to the roof, where they are finished with neat bases and caps. The central position of these chimneys is proof against cold-air openings at their sides, and insures saving the heat radiated from them. It is impossible to prevent cracks from appearing along the sides of chimneys in frame buildings, and when these cracks communicate directly with the outside covering, they often admit much cold air.— The principal frame is 20 ft. high, substantially constructed, as indicated by the upright section (fig. 94). The main plates are in line SOUSE-PLANS rOS EVEEYBODT. 133 with the beams of the attic story, and the roof -purlins are 8 feet above them. The side-rafters are 12 feet long, fitted and spiked to the purlins and plates, with their lower ends extend- ing ay, feet down from the latter in a continuous line. Rough brackets con- necting the rafters with the upright frame-work, forming the foundations or frame of the principal cornice. By this method of extending the rafters downward instead of upward, the de- sirable hight and proportion of roof are obtained. The exposed surfaces that require siding are reduced from the usual hight of 22'/, feet to 16 feet, and the cornices are more substantial and less complex. The siding, roof- boarding, slating, and trimming are done in the usual manner. The gut- — =i| ters are laid in with the slate, as de- '^B | scribed in Design V. The hoods and dormer windows have slate coverings. Fig. 94.— SECTION. interlaced with the principal roof, with joinings and flash- ings of sheet-lead. The following estimate provides for the thorough completion of the building in an appropri- ate and substantial manner. — Estimate : 8S yards excavatirm. at 20c. per yard 16,000 brick, fnmished and laid, at $12 per M. . . . 44 ft. stone steps, coping, etc., at 30c. per ft. , 750 yards plastering, at 2Cc. per yard 3,497 ft. timber, at »15 per M. 1 nerline, 3X7 in. 96 ft. long. 4f^ beams, 2x8 in. 14 ft. long. 24 beams, 2x8 in. 18 ft. long. 27 beams, 2x8 in. 15 ft. long. 1 stoop, 3x7 in. 70 ft. long. 1 sill, 4X8 in. 116 ft. long. 1 girt, 4x8 in. 30 ft. long. 11 posts, 4x7 in. Ill ft. long. 1 tie. 4X6 in. 146 ft. long:. 1 plate, 4x6 in. 138 ft. long. 30 rafters. 3X4 in. IS ft., at 16c. each 380 wall-strips, at lie. each 200 siding. 10-inch, at 26c. each Materials in comicps and comfir-boards S61 hemlock roof -boards at Ific. each 19 squares of slating, at *ft per ^-qnare 8 sqnares of tinning fl. 0. charcal) at $1 per square 250 ft. gntters and leaders, at Re. per ft lOOilooring, 9Xliin., at26c. each $16.40 192.00 13.20 210.00 62.4S 4.80 41.80 52.00 50.00 41.7* 171.00 5H.no 20.00 78.00 134 HOUSB-PLAKS FOR EVEETBODY. 200 IbB. felting, at 3c. per lb ugg 3 Btaiis, complete !!!!!!!.!! 76*00 Porch, balconies, and stoops, complete ".'.'.'.'.".'.". '. 160 00 6 cellar windows, $3«; 1 bay window, complete, $60. . . . ". 96 00 12 plain windows, $144; 9 hooded windows, complete $135 279 00 8 dormer windows, complete, at $8 each 64'00 32 doors, at $9.60 each, $304 ; 7 closets, complete, $14' 318 00 3 marble mantles, $60 ; 3 marble shelves, complete, $18. . . .'. 78'00 Ba.ige and plumbing, complete 188 09 Well, from bath-room to roof, complete 15 00 Gas-pipes for 18 lights, complete ....'..'.'.'.'.'. 4000 Bells and speaking-tubes, complete 20 00 Finish of part of attic, complete gnno Nails, $24; cartage, average 1 mile, $25 ■'.■.■ 4900 Carpenter's labor, not included above. . . . ISO 00 Painting, 2coats, complete 15000 Incidentals '.'.'.'.".'.'.'.1"'.'.'.'.'.'.'. sa'so Total cost, complete $2 800.00 DESIGN XXIII. A COUNTRY OR VILLAGE HOUSE, COSTING $2,800.— FOR PHYSICIANS, LAWYERS, CLERGYMEN, JUS- TICES, NOTARIES, EDITORS, ETC. This plan is designed to meet the wants of a large class residing in the country, or smaller villages, who are not only directly interested in agricultural pursuits, but who have also, some professional or official vocation, such as : Physicians, Lawyers, Justices, Notaries, Clergymen, etc. They require in connection with their residences an apart- ment adapted to their special callings, that shall in no way interfere with their domestic arrangements, where all persons making business calls may enter without feel- ing that they are intruding on the privacy of the house- hold Elevatiok, (fig. 95. ) — The exterior outlines and dress of this plan are a fair representation of the pre- vailing styles of American rural house architecture, in its most genteel and practical forms. There is a manifest propriety in the strong and decided features of the exte- rior finish of this example, wherein each part has its dis- tinctive characteristics of utility, harmony, and truthful- HOUSE-PLAKS FOE EVEETBODT. 135 ness — a combination tliat never fails to please even the most tasteful, and it may therefore be regarded as the real basis of beauty. We frequently meet with oddly- proportioned country houses, evidently constructed with a sole regard to utility, that present a stunted and cadav- Fig. 95. — BliBVATION OF HOUSE, WITH OPPIOB ATTACHED. erous appearance, having been shorn of their beauty through a mistaken idea that economy precludes the least indulgence :n taste. Good taste only demands thiat every separate part of any building shall be in harmony with the whole, and this feature of harmony is not so much a subject of expense as of expression, being a result of mode rather than the matter of construction. The materials necessarily required for any building assume shape and 136 HOUSE-PLANS BOB EVBETBODT. expression according to the methods of their application, and they may be applied in disproportion, so as to be of permanent disgrace ; whereas the same materials properly and intelligently used, with a like expense of handling, develop into proportionate and expressive forms of ele- gance and grace. A building constructed as indicated by these plans presents a pleasing appearance from any direction, each face being broken by wings or other pro^ jections, which give relief from the formalities of a large, flat surface. From the front there is an expression |j^ of completeness 1 1 indicating full provision for comfort, and an air of content- ment. From the sides are pre- sented to the best advantage Fig. 96.— PliAU OF OBIXAB. +-L- ^„„„ „ * tne more ex- tended surfaces, including the large corniced gables of the principal building, the rear wing, and other projec- tions. The rear has an equally finished and satisfactory appearance The Cellar (fig. 96), is the full size of the ground-plans, with a clear hight of 7 feet. The five cellar windows are placed where they will admit light to every part. An outside entrance is under the rear lobby, and a stairway leads directly to the kitchen First Stoet, (fig. 97.) — The arrangement is very simple and convenient, comprising good-sized hall, parlor, living- room, kitchen, office, study, five closets, and two stair HOUSE-PLANS FOR BVEETBODT. 137 ways, with ceilings 10 feet high. The Parlor is pleas- antly situated, has two front windows opening directly to the piazza, from which they derive shade and protection. The Dining or living-room opens into the hall, parlor, and kitchen, and has two closets. One end of this room is octagonal, and extends 6 feet beyond the face of the principal, with three windows, affording a pleasant out- look. The Kitch- en adjoins the dining-room, has two closets, is fit- ted up with a range, sink, and wash-tubs, and is conveniently connected with the cellar and with second story by private stair- ways. TheOfiSce is entered from the front porch, and is in direct communication with the princi- pal hall, has a good-sized closet from the space under the principal stairs, and has a private room or Study.-. . . Second Story, (fig. 98.) — This is divided into four commodious apartments, beside a hall, bath-room, and the necessary closets, and has ceilings 8 feet high in the main building, and 7 feet in the rear wing. The Bath-room is provided with a seat-closet and bath-tub. An inclosed stairway leads to the Attic, where two or more bedrooms may be finished, besides leaving space for Fig. 97.— PI.A11 OP PIBST PLOOB. 138 HOUSE-PLAKS FOB EVERYBODY. garret purposes. The tank placed oyer the ceiling of the bath-room is arranged to receive water from the principal roof, and is provided with an overflow pipe leading to the cistern General Requirements. — Full brick foun- dations are estimated for. Where coarse stone can be had, they answer as well, and at less cost, for the por- tions below ground ; they should be laid even with the brick-work on the inside when finished. The wood- work is to be substantially constructed of good and sufficient materials throughout. The roofs of the piaz- za, stoop, bay, lobby, and window caps, are covered with charcoal tin, and in each case an allowance is made for a "flashing" of 6 inches in width to turn up behind the siding, to prevent leakage. The principal and the two wing roofs are each covered with dark slate with ridge plates of zinc. The gutters are to be those de- scribed for Design V. The join- ings of the wing-roofs against the main building are made perfectly tight by laying in, against the building, right angle strips of zinc or tin "flashing," with each course of slate before the siding is put on. Slate is unquestionably the best mate- rial for such .roofing when the form of roof will admit of its use ; its cost is the same as for good tinning, and about 2 cents per square foot in excess of pine shingles ; when once properly done, will last for centuries; it is fire-proof, and the water from it is much purer, an im- portant consideration when rain and cistern water is used for cooking or drinking. Its color and appearance are agreeable — in fact roofs of other materials, are often Fie. 8.— PLAH OP SECOND ELOOB. HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVEfiYBODY. 139 painted in imitation of slate from choice The most expressive portions of any buildings are their projecting cornices. As a rule, for houses of this style, such pro- jections should be one inch for every foot of their hight from the foundation. And the same rule will apply to every detail of the exterior finish ; for example, as in this case, the principal building being 22 feet high at the plate, the principal cornices should project 23 inches ; the piazza being 11 feet high, its cornice projects 11 inches ; the windows, 6 feet high, have caps projecting 6 inches, etc. By this simple rule, all such projections may be readily determined, and thus secure perfect pro- portion and harmony of parts. . . . The insida plastering is "three-coat work." All side-walls should be continued down close to the floor, to prevent the passage of air or sound. Care should be taken to make the walls straight and true, with the second coat of " browning," for the last or white coat, though applied in the best manner, can never overcome malformations in the body of the plastering ; on the contrary, the finer the finish of last coat, the more visibly will such defects appear. In the concluding estimate, 28 cents per yard is allowed for the cost of plastering, which is ample, as shown by these cal- culations/or 100 yards, viz. : S»000!ath,att8perM $4.00 10 lbs. latb-nalls, at 6c. per lb 60 4 barrels lime, at $1 per barrel 4.00 6 loads sand, atSOc. per load 1.50 1 barrel flnishing lime, at $1.40 per barrel 1.40 IJ bushel plaster, 37c.; 1 bushel nair, 50c 87 Cartage 3.00 Labor patting on lath, at 10c. per bnnch 2 00 i day laborer (mixing mortar), at $1..50 per day 75 H days mason (work), at $2.50 per day 3.75 H days laborer (" tending " mason), at $1.50 per day. 2.25 Use of screen, water barrel, and scaffolding 1.00 Total cost for 100 sqnare yards, complete $25.13 Incidentals 2.88 Estimated at 28c. per yard $28.00 In some localities, a practice prevails among masons of including in their measurements of plastering one-half of the openings of doors and windows, which is obviously 140 SOUSE-PLAKS FOE ErEEYBODT. unjust, and a frequent cause of dispute. Such openings will average at least 3 yards each — in this house would aggregate 50 yards — and in every case should be deduct- ed, unless otherwise agreed previously. — Estimate : 113 yards, excavation, at 20o. per yard $2260 12,000 brick, laid complete, at $12 per M 144.00 47 ft. Btone steps and coping, at 30c. per ft 14.10 841 yards plastering, at 28c. per yard 235.48 5,135 ft. timTber, at $15 per M 77.02 1 sill, 4X8 in. 200 ft. long. 1 girder, 4x8 in. 30 ft. long. 7 poets, 4X7 in. 21 ft. long. 2 posts, 4XT in. 18 ft. long. a posts, 4x6 in. 12 ft. long. Piazza, 3X8 in. 82 ft. long. Piazza, 3X5 in. 40 ft. long. 4 locust posts in cellar, at 30c. eacti' Plates, 4X6 in. 100 ft. long. Ties, 4x6 in. 330 ft. long. 1 ridge, 3x7 in. 26 ft. long. 20 rafters, 3X5 in. 20 ft. long. 35 beams, 3x8 in. 22 ft. long. 9 beams, 3X8 in. 19 ft. long. 21 beams, 3x8 in. 13 ft. long, 1.20 875 wall-strips, 2x4 in. at lie. each 41.25 170 lbs. tarred paper or felting, at 3c. per lb 6.10 330 siding. 10-inch, at 28c. each 92.40 Materials in cornices, water-table, etc 60.00 S13 hemlock hoards (for roofing), at 20c. each : 42.60 18i squares slate roofing, at $9 per square 166.50 3 squares tin, at $8 per square 24.00 300 flooring, 9 in., at 28c. each 84.00 Stairs, complete 100.00 6 cellar windows, complete, at $6 each 30.00 IBplain windows, complete, at $12 each 216.00 35 doors, complete, at $10 each 350.00 Piazza, porcb, and lobby, complete 150.00 4 mantles, complete, at $20 each 80.00 Closet finish, complete 25.00 Bange and elevated oven, etc., complete 80.00 Plumbing, complete 175.00 Bells and speaking-tubes, complete 15.00 Nails, $25; painting. $200: carting, $35 260.00 Carpenter's labor, not included above 223.83 Incidentals 94.98 Total cost, complete $2,800.00 DESIGN XXIV. A FARM-HOUSE COSTING $2,800. This plan will be recognized as comprehending the general characteristics of those given in Designs XXL and XXVI. It is designed to be constructed of similar materials, with a like variety of pleasing and decided out- lines, and to give an equal amount of accommodation and convenience. The division and arrangement of the eev- HOUSE-PLANS FOB ETEETBODT. 141 eral parts, however, are entirely changed, being especially intended to meet the requirements of a location having a western frontage. Location is an important considera- tion, involving many questions of adaptation, that should always guide to the selection of such a plan as will ex- press a natural fitness for the situation, and truthfully indicate its purpose Exteeior, (fig. 99.) — Only two Kg. 99. — ELEVATION OF PARM-HOUSE. feet of the foundation-walls are exposed to sight, which brings the frame-work of the building quite near enough to the ground. The surface of the earth surrounding such buildings should have a grade of at least one-half inch to the foot, for the distance of 50 feet in every di- rection, to insure the turning away of all surface water from the walks and grounds. Another good result de- rived from such grade is the additional altitude given to the building, imparting a much better appearance. The general outlines of the elevation are very simple, devoid 142 HOtrSB-PLAlfrS FOE EVBETBODT. of all pretentious ornatmentation. The wide frontage, the large and numerous openings, and ample roofs, are each expressiye of frankness and hospitality, eminently befitting the home of the farmer. The front Porch is unusually wide, and arranged to have large columns, and stationary seats at either side. The Bay-window has square projections, instead of octagonal, which are equally appropriate in this case, and less costly. . The cornices of the principal building project 20 inches, and those of the wing 16 inches, and both are provided with scroll-sawed trusses. The chimney-tops are large, and heavily capped. The same general finish, as is shown on the front, is put on the sides and rear, so that the building pre- sents an equally complete and satisfactory ap- pearance from every direction. Buildings of this character should be set back from the street line at least 50 feet — 150 feet would be much bettei' — to give room for trees, shrubbery, and walks Cellae, (fig. 100.) — The plans provide for a cellar under the principal building only, which gives a clear space of 33 X 35 feet. If desired, the space beneath the wing may be included at an additional cost of 165. The excavations for the cellar in the earth is 3 feet 8 inches deep ; this allows the foundation-walls to be 7 feet high. The earth thrown out is to be graded around the building to the bight of 1'/, foot, thus leaving two feet of the foundation exposed on the outside. Country houses are frequently set so low down as to be a matter of regret ever afterwards. There are constant accumula- tions of dust, and other matter, caught and held by the Fig. 100. — ^FLAH OP CELLAB. HOTTSB-PLAKS FOE EVEBTBODY. 143 shrubbery and grasses, so that there is soon discoTered a seeming growth of the earth upward around the house and immediate grounds, making it impossible to adapt the grades that are desirable. It is far better that foun- dations are a little too high than too low, for when too high, the approaches can easily be raised at any time with a few loads of earth ; but when too low, there seems to be no cure, except to raise the entire building. The foundation-walls are designed to be constructed of broken stone, laid in coarse mortar, as more particularly described for Design XXI First Stoey, (fig. 101.)— Hight of ceilings, 10 ft. Entire floor measurement, 1,206 square feet, affording ample space for good sized apartments. The several di- visions have es- pecial regard to comfort and convenience, room, is nearly square, of Fig. 101. — PLAN OF FIRST FLOOB. The front hall, or reception good dimensions, is entered from the front porch through double or folding doors, and adjoins the parlor and living-room, and contains the principal stairs. The Parlor is unusually large, is pro- vided with windows in its sides, and has stucco cornices and centers in its ceilings, with an arched finish in the bay-window. The Living, or Dining-room, is commo- dious, pleasantly situated, with outlooks front and rear, and is easily accessible all around. The Family-room is large, connects with the dining-room and parlor, and is intended as a sitting or sewing-room. If occasion re- quire, this room might be used as the bed-room of an invalid. The Work-room, or Kitchen, is conveniently 144 HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVBRTBODT. arranged to have a range, boiler, pump, sink, wash-tubs, and pipes for cold and hot water, and adjoins the dining- room, a large pantry, and a rear entrance door, and has a private stairway leading to the second story, with a closet underneath. The Pantry is of ample dimensions, is conveniently arranged with shelving, and has a zinc wash-tray, with cold and hot water-pipes, and adjoins the kitchen, dining-room, and a china closet. The latter is useful for storing wares not required daily. The rear shed is paved, and the cellar doors are constructed as de- scribed for Design XXI Second Stokt, (fig. 102.)— I 1 . ~ I . Hight of ceil H CHAMBE U" "7'6'xir ing, 9 feet in main building, and 8 feet in wing. Floor measurement, 1,276 feet, di- vided into 8 Fig. 102. — PLAN OP SECoiii) FLooit. ffood-sizcd rooms, besides halls, closets, and stairways. The princi- pal hall connects with each chamber in main building, and one room and passage in wing. The door between the principal hall and wing-passage may be closed at any time, cutting ofE communication at pleasure. The side, or "breast" walls, in the wing, are vertical 3 feet, and are continued upward at an angle of 45° to the ceiling, thus securing sufficient head-room. The bath-room is exactly above the kitchen, and contains a tank, bath-tub, and seat-closet, with pipes for cold and hot water Attic. — The stairs to this are over the first fiight, and are designed to be neatly ceiled in with 4yj-inch beaded ceiling-boards, with a door at the foot. Double windows in each gable admit sufficient light, and afford ventila- tion Remarks on Construction. — An insight into the character of this plan, is best had by carefully consid- HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVBBTBODT. 145 eriiij the materials and cost in the estimate added. We would urge the importance of good methods and work- manship in construction, without which all materials, however good or sufficient, can never produce good re- sults. The old maxim, " whatever is worth doing at all, is worth doing well," especially applies to building a home in which one is to spend a lifetime. This does not imply extravagance in any sense, only demanding such careful and intelligent application of the ordinary rules of con- struction, as shall insure substantial work, that will not be a continuous source of anxiety and expense. Any one of ordinary intelhgence should be able to generally super- intend the operations of the mechanics employed in con- structing a farm-house. The following ^otw^s are of the greatest importance. Carefully watch that the founda- tion-walls are substantially laid, and accurately leveled on their upper surfaces, so that the doors shall not strike the floor or carpets in opening, nor the tables, chairs, or other furniture be obliged to stand on three legs. The frame-work, when raised, should be plumb, so that all work on or in the building can be cut square, and applied without tedious fitting. The siding should be thor- oughly "seasoned" in the open air before using, and carefully applied with close joints, and well nailed. The edges of all water-tables, comer-boards, and window- frames should be painted before setting. The shingles should be carefully laid, breaking their Joints at one-third of their width, and double nailed. The flooring should be dry, close laid, and nailed with two nails to each beam. The partitions should be set with studding of selected widths ; and their angles or comers should be anchored firmly together, to prevent the w^lls from cracking in those parts when finished. The chimneys should be care- fully constructed ; all joints between the brick-work should be surely filled with mortar, to prevent sparks from passing through to the frame-work. All mortar for 7 146 HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVEETBODT. plastering should be properly mixed, and allowed suf- ficient time (at least one week), for the thorough slaking of the lime, and a complete permeation of its caustic properties. Thin coats of plastering are better than heavy ones. A mortar that does not crack in setting or drying is sure to be good. The mterior wood finish should not be commenced until the plastering is com- pletely dried out, and all loose mortar is removed from the building. All wood-work usually painted should be primed as soon as in position. For more explicit remarks and sundry suggestions on painting, see Design XIII. Estimate oi' Materials and Cost : 110 yards excavation, at !!0c. per yard $22.00 1,371 It. stone foundation, at ISc. per ft 205.65 J,000 briclc, famislied and laid, at $12 per M 36.00 46 ft. stone steps, sills, and coping, at 30c. per ft 13.80 1,030 yards plastering, complete, at 28c. per yard 288.40 6,713 It. timber, at $15 per M 86.69 1 sill, 4x8 in. 186 ft. long. 6 posts, 4X7 in. 21 ft. long. 3 posts, 4X7 in. 14 ft long. 1 tie. 4x6 in. 256 ft. long. 1 plate, 4x6 in. 186 ft. long. 2 girts, 4X8 in. 25 ft. long. 57 beams, 3X8 in. 25 ft. long. 36 beams, 3X8 in. 13 ft. long. 24 beams, 3x8 in. 11 ft. long. 3 valleys, 3X8 in. 20 ft. long. 24 rafters, 3X5 in 16 ft. long. 100 joist, 3X4 in. 1.3 ft. long, at 16c. each 16.00 300 wall-strips, 2X4 in. 13 ft., at lie. each 33.00 Materials in water-table and cornices 50.00 800 novelty siding-boards, 9iin., at 28c. each 84.00 400 Bhinelmg-lath, at 6c. each 24.00 69 bunches shingles, at $1.50 per bunch . 103.60 84 ft. gutters, 132 ft. leaders, and 134 ft. porch roofs, 10c. per ft 35.00 365 flooring, 9JX13, at 28c. each 99.40 Porch and hood, complete 75.00 Stairs, complete 90.00 Bay-window, complete 60.00 20 windows, complete, at $10 each 200.00 6 cellar windows, complete, at $6 each 36.00 4 dormer windows, complete, at $20 each 80.00 82 doors, complete, at $10 each 320.00 1 cellar door and hatchway doors 20.00 Shelving and hooks in closets 20.00 2 marble mantles and 4 shelves with trusses 75.00 Range and plumbing, complete 215.00 Nails........ 25.00 Bells and speaking-tubes 20.00 Painting 160.00 Cartage, 1 mile 35.00 Carpenter's labor, not included above 250.00 Incidentals 32.56 Total coBt, complete $2,800.00 HOUSE-PLAKS FOR BVEBTBODT. 147 Fig. 103. — FRONT VIEW OF HOUSE. A "HALF STONE" HOUSE FOR $2,800. This plan is designed for a substantial, convenient, and inexpensive country house. It has two full finished sto- ries, with well-lighted apartments of good size, and » large cellar and attic. It has also the merit of architec- tural beauty, well adapted to a commanding location. . . . Exterior, (fig. 103.) — The "half -stone" composition of the side walls, and the strong outlines and slating of the main roof, give to this structure a rustic, yet substantial appearance, affording both diversity and picturesqueness, as shown in the variety of the openings and irregularity of the several parts. The front and rear elevations are similar j by changing the entrance doors and stairs, either 148 HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVEETBODT. side may front the road. The details of exterior finish are so simple, and easy of execution, that any "modifica- tion for the rear" is undesirable. Inharmonious and un- sightly curtailments in the rear finish have a depressing infiuence on those obliged to face them daily, which can never be overcome by knowing there is a good front Cellar, (fig. 104.)— Hight, 6'/, feet, of which 4'/, feet is below the ground surface, and therefore (with its thick walls), frost proof. It is always important to provide for carrying off the poisonous vapors apt to be generated in cellars. For this pur- pose side openings are made near the ceiling in- to one of the flues of each chimney. These flues, extend- ing to the top, and warmed by contact with the fires of the upper stories, have sufficient draft to constantly change the cellar air, and prevent its ascent through the living-rooms First Story, (fig. 105.) — Hight of ceil- ings, 10 feet. Here are conveniently placed three large rooms, a hall, china closet, and large pantry. Each large room has commodious windo\^ s with views in two direc- tions. The pleasant piazzas at both the front and rear of the parlor, extend over and protect the entrance doors. . . . Sbcond Stokt, (fig. 106.) — Hight of ceilings, 8 feet. Toe divisions are very simple, a hall, four chambers, four closets, and a bath-room. Light railings may be put ou Fig 104.— PLAU OP OBIXAB. HOUSE-P.ANS FOB EVERTBODT. 149 the roofs of the wings and piazzas to form pleasant bal- conies to the windows of this story. One such balcony is shown over the wing-roof (fig. 103) ; the others may be similar. The small cost of these devices is fully repaid in their usefulness for airing purposes, besides imparting a cheerful appearance. . . . Gaeeet oe Attic. — This story is thoroughly floored, but otherwise unfinished. Should additional chambers be required, partitions may be set over those or the second story, duplicating that plan, with rooms having the same hight of ceilings. The stairs are placed im- mediately above those of the lower sto- ries, are ceiled in, and have a door at the foot .... CoN- STEUCTION. — The durabil- ity, general abundance, and substan- Rg. 105.-pla» or pibst floob. tial appearance of stone, make it the most desirable and appropriate material known for the exterior walls of any building. The cost of cutting and dressing such mate- rial ready for use is the principle barrier to its general adoption. By using bricks for corners and for the finish around the openings, the most expensive item of stone- work is saved. They need only to be "random dressed," and laid nearly in the shape in which they are quarried, as more particularly described for Design XXVII. When such walls are carried beyond the hight that is conve- nient for the handling of the materials, the expense of their construction is largely increased. It is for this reason that the " haU-stone " method is particularly val- 150 HOrsE-Ft/AKS FOR EVEKTBODlf. CHAMBER 10-6 X 17 rvz BATH ROOM 6 K II m HALL exji-e u. T„=; CHAMBER 15 X J9 uable. In this plan, the stone-work extends only to the hight of the ceiling of the first story ; to this hight the materials may be readily wheeled on trestled scafEolding, ■while to double this hight would require the use of the tedious derrick, and additional help. The upper stories are framed of the usual sized timber, and raised on the stone walls, which in this case become their foundation. The main roof is constructed as shown in Design XXII. The hight requiring siding is 4'/, feet, or including water- table and cornice, 6'/, feet from the stone-work of the first story to the slating of the roof. The main roof cot- ering is of dark slate laid on tarred felt. At or near the floor-line divid- ing the upper stories, it is ap- propriate to in- Fig. 106.— PLAN OP SECOND PLooE. dlcatc the di- vision by the use of tinted slate, which may be laid in close courses or in simple figures, as shown on the eleva- Tation. The roofs of the hooded and dormer windows are also slated. The deck of the main roof, and the roofs of the piazza, are covered with I. 0. charcoal tin. The wood-finish is made of simple design, devoid of all efforts at pretentious display, each part being chosen with especial regard for its utility and appropriateness. The trusses, piazza-columns, and sofiits are worked of timber neatly stop-chamfered, imparting a rustic appearance to them, in keeping with the stone-work. The water-tank is placed in the attic, directly above and in line with the bath-tub and kitchen-range, favoring the most practical CHAMBER I5_^ 17 BEDROOM 7-7-6 HOtrSE-l'LAKS *0S EVBRYBODYi 161 plumbing. The soil-pipe leading from the bath-room floor passes down through the closet adjoining the kitchen chimney to the sewer-pipe, which is laid below the cellar bottom. The bad smells and gases arising from confined sewage may be easily disposed of by the insertion of a 3- inch pipe into the closet-trap (at its highest point), and connecting it with a flue of the adjoining chimney. All inside plastering is of three-coat work. The casing of the bath-room and around all plumbing is in hard-wood ; all other trimming of clear pine. The Newel rail and baluster on the first-story flight of stairs are of black- walnut. All work usually painted has two coats of best lead and linseed-oil, with stainers to give the body (out- side), a light gray, and trimmings in imitation of " Nova Scotia stone." Inside, parlor and hall, in grays, dining- room in grays and drabs, kitchen in drabs, chambers white .... Cost. — Prices of building materials are quite as low as they were before the war ; many kinds are really selling for the cost of their production or manufacture. Labor is also very cheap, nearly at old figures. Those contemplating building, and having the means at hand to do so, need not wait for a more favorable time. As soon as general business improves, there must be a "rise" in materials, especially such as require to be manufactured. The estimate appended includes the cost of all materials and labor for good work at the prices now ruling near New York city. — Estimate op the Cost : 126 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard $35.30 ""- " • ■ $2;'- ■ teps, a . 7,000 bricks In angles and cbimneys, at $12 per M, laid 84.00 158 perches stone-work, at $2.75 per perch 434.S0 91 It. stone stills and steps, at 30c. per ft 27.80 750 jards plastering, at 28c. per yard 210.00 1,262 ft. or timber, at $15 per 1 2 girders, 4x8 in. 18 ft. long. 3 girders, 4x8 in. 10 ft. long. 16 beams, 3x8 in. 16 ft. long. 32 beams, 8X8 in. 18 ft. long. 12 beams, 3X8 in. 22 ft. long. 1 sill, 3X8 In. 176 ft. long. 1 plate, 4x6 in, 175 ft. long. 1 deck, 3X7 in. 150 ft. long. 5 beams, 3x8 in. 9 ft. long. 4 beams, 3x5 in. 20 ft. long. 16 beams. 3X8 In. 24 ft. long. 340 wall-strips, at lie. each 87.40 100 fnrring strips, at 6c. each 6.00 Cornice materials 40.00 75 siding-boards, at 26c. each 19.50 357 hemlock boards, at 16c. each 57.13 153 HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVERYBODY. 18 squares of slate, complete, at $9 per square tl62.M 14 squares of tin, complete, at $7 per square 101.50 350 flooring plank, Sincli, at 25c. each 87.50 2 piazzas, complete, at $70 each 140.00 7 cellar windows, complete, at $5 each 35.00 14 plain windows,complete, at $8 each 112.00 11 hooded windows, complete, at $15 each T 165.00 8 dormer windows, complete, at {8 each 64.00 Stairs, complete 80.00 23 doors, complete, at $9 each 207.00 3 mantles, complete, at $25 each 75.00 Closet finish, complete 20.00 Eange and plumbing 175.00 Nails, $25; painting, $70: cartage, $20 115.00 Carpenter's labor, not included aboTe 150.00 Incidentals, attic and elsewhere 106.05 Total cost, complete $2,800.00 DESIGN XXVI. A FARM-HOUSE COSTING |3,90O. This plan of a farm-hoiise embraces a commodious and convenient interior, with such external features as to clearly express its purpose. It will be recognized as at once adapted to rural situations and domestic life, pro- viding much valuable space, and affording a variety of pleasing and symmetrical outlines, with due economy in expense of construction. Perhaps the most striking fea- ture is the ireadth of the front, which is 51 feet. (The average depth is 22 feet 7 inches. ) As far as practicable, all prolonged vertical lines are avoided, leaving horizontal ones to prevail, as of more practical utility and value. Where opportunities abound for "spreading out," as in the country, it would be obviously incompatible to build tall, or stilted houses, that would not comport with their surroundings, nor provide the conveniences desirable in all rural habitations Elevation, (fig. 107.)— The general details of the elevation are made up of simple parts so appropriated and balanced, that they harmonize with each other, and secure a graceful outline. The principal, or main portions of this building will be ob* HOUSE-PLAKS FOR EVBETBODT. 153 served to be the central one, while the wings at either side are collaterals, that give equipoise and rest to the whole stmcture. The steep roofs, with their subdued pediments, and spreading cornices and dormers, the bay and other windows, the wide entrance, and open piazza. 1S4 flOtrSfi-pLAlJs f6E fitfiBTfBODY. are all arranged so as to correspond with each other, pro- ducing an effective and picturesque appearance. There are no efEorts at scientific or elaborate display of outside ornamentation, but has sufficient architectural complete- ness to denote social cultiyation and re- finement. The farm- house in XXI. was designed more es- pecially for an east- ern frontage. These plans are particularly adapted for a south- ern frontage The Cbllak, (fig. 108), extends under the whole house, and is ey, feet deep. An outside entrance and area are to be built and inclosed under the stoop at the rear. Eleven small win- dows are provided for both light and ven- tilation. . . .The PiEST Stoet, (fig. 109), has ample apartments adapted to the uses of a large family, embrac- ing a good-sized hall, parlor, living-room, kitchen, pan- tries, closets, and corridor. The principal entrance is from the piazza, through large double doors to the hall. Similar double doors on each side of the hall lead to the parlor and dining-room. These inside double doors en- able one to throw the whole together for large family and other gatherings, and are manifestly appropriate in dwel- HOtSE-PLANS fOE IVERYSODT. 155 lings of this character. The principal stairs are semi- circular, so arranged as to occupy but little room in the principal hall. The Parlor is situated by itself, remote from the machinery of daily housework. The Living- roon.. is the most central, and most convenient and com- fortable room in the house. It is so surrounded by other apartments that summer's heat, nor winter's cold, can have direct access to its sides. The large Bay-window affords an ample supply of light, and adds to the area of the room. It adjoins and opens into the principal hall, cor- ridor, kitchen, and large pantry. The Kitchen is con- 156 HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVEETBODT. Teniently situated, and adjoins the dining-room, corridor, pantry, store-room, cellar, and private stairway. It is provided with a range, sink, wash-tubs, and pipes for cold and hot water. By this arrangement, the principal work of the family can be done with such thoroughness and facility as to make such employ- ment interesting and pleasant, devoid of any sense of drudg- ery. The corridor is adapted to all the |^?rrrTT i . i o uses of a rear hall, ^^L~ ^i !" I S and communicates IcT^ ^? 1$ ll Q with each of the other principal rooms of the first story. It is also an auxiliary apartment, and may be used in connection with either of the other apartments, and afEords valuable room for many in- door occupations for both old and young. .... Second Stokt, (fig. 110.)— The en- graving is sufficiently plain to require but little explanation. It will be seen that there are seven rooms, besides halls and closets. The Bath-room-is situated in this story over the kitchen, and contains the bath-tub, seat-closet, and water-tank, and is accessible from the principal building through the passage leading from the principal hall. An opening through the ceiling of the kitchen, with a register, would HOFSE-PLAlfrS FOR BVEKTBODT. 157 probably let warm air enough up into the bath-room to keep frost out in winter, especially if some fire remained in the range or stove most of the night. In all arrange- ments of water-tanks and pipes, care must be taken to keep them from being frozen in the coldest nights The Attic is completely floored over, but is otherwise unfinished. Several bed-rooms might be finished in this story if desirable. An open attic is always valuable for storage, drying clothes in stormy weather, etc., and as a play-room for children in rainy weather Constkuo- TION. — ^Any one at aU familiar with building would see at a glance that the form and arrangements of this plan admit of its execution in section. There are conditions that would justify the building of the central part of this house, to be used as the residence of a small family, and add the wings at any future time, as circumstances might indicate .... The excavations for the cellar are made 3'/, feet deep. The ioundations are 18 inches thick, and ey, feet high, of broken stone, laid in mortar, with the joints neatly pointed on all surfaces exposed to sight. The earth thrown out of the cellar should be left on the ground, and graded around the foundation, leav- ing but two feet to show above the final grade. The chimneys should be started with the principal foundation, and the materials interlaced to insure solidity. Three fire-places are constructed in the first story ; those in the kitchen and dining-room are in one stack built "square up" to the ceiling of the first story. Two separate flues are then continued through the second story, on either side of the passage-way, and are afterwards joined over an arch, and pass through the. roof in one solid shaft. The estimate indicates the general character of the work. In these rural dwellings, the siding may be worked with- out the central groove shown in Design XI. This, though less pleasing to many, would give an expression of less artifice, and more strength. . . . Estimate. — The follow- 168 HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVEBYBODT. ing estimate will be found correct as to quantity, and ample as to cost. Most farmers have materials and facil- ities that would enable them to greatly reduce the cost of building by this plan. The items of excavation, founda- tion, carting, and painting, amount to nearly $500. Some, or each of these parts, might be satisfactorily done by those engaged on the place : 210 yards, excavation, at 30c. per yard $43.00 1,750 ft. stone foundation, at 15c. per ft 26S.50 4,000 brick, furnished and laid, at $12 per M 48.CO 50 ft. stone steps and coping, at 30c. per ft 15.00 850 yards lath and plastering, at 38c. per yard . S38.00 4,'?22 f t. timber, at $15 per M 70.83 2 sills, 4X8 in. 26 ft. long. 2 sills, 4X8 in. 22 ft. long. 4 sills, 4X8 in. 15 ft. long. 2 sills, 4x8 in. 20 ft. long. 5 ties, 4X6 in. 2li ft. long. 5 ties, 4x6 in. 22 ft. long. 4 ties, 4X6 in. 16 ft. long. 2 ties, 4x6 in. 20 f(. long. 4 posts, 4x7 in. 22 ft. long. 8 posts, 4X6 in. 13 ft. long. 2 plates, 4x6 in. 26 ft. long. 4 plates, 4X6 in. 15 ft. long. 1 girt, 4X10 in. 26 ft. long. 4 valleys. 3X8 in. 14 ft. long. 42 beams, 3X8 in. 22 ft. long. I beams, 3X8 in. 15 ft. long. 100 joist, 3X4in. 13ft. lonj, at22c. each 22.00 820 wall-strips, at lie. each 35.20 150 lbs. tarred paner, at 5c. per It 7.50 326 novelty siding-boards, at28c. each 91.00 Materials in cornices and outside casings 50.00 875 spruce shingling lath, at 6c. each 22.60 65 bunches shingles, at $;1..0per bnnch 97.50 200 ft. gutters and leaders, at 10c. per ft 20.00 Piazza and stoops, complete 120.00 824 mill-viorked flooring- boards, at 35c. each 113.40 4 flights of stairs, complete 90.00 1 bay-window, complete 50.00 22 plain windows, complete, at $12 each 264.00 4 dormer windows, complete, at $20 each 80.00 11 cellar windows, complete, at $6 each 66.00 35 doors, complete, at $10 each 350.00 2 mantles, complete, at $20 each 40.00 Closets, shelving, etc., complete 20.00 Eange and plumbing, complete 248.50 Painting, $160: nails, f20; cartage, $30 200.00 Carpenter's labor, not included above 218.00 IncidentalB 18.07 Total cost, completi! $2,900.00 DESIGN XXVII. A 8T0NEH0USE COSTING $3,900. These plans were designed for the substantial dwelling of a farmer in easy circumstances. The outside appear- ance truthfully expresses its rural and its domestic pur- pose, The interior accommodations are carefully arranged HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVEETBODT. 159 for comfort and "convenience. The materials and method of construction insure permanency ; with little care, this building would last for many generations . . . , Extbjbioe, (fig. 111.) — The eleyation shows that this house was in- tended for the country — it looks like a farm-house — in fact it would be out of place anywhere else. Its peculiar Fig. 111. — rBONT EliEVATION. solid, independent, and home-like character is due to the massive stone walls, large door and window openings, broad and steep slated roof, truncated gables, substantial ohimneys, and heavy sheltering eaves, all arranged in simple, expressive, and harmonious combination. All superfluous ornamentation is avoided, as inconsistent with rural simplicity and truthfulness. Vines and creepers will be suggested by the rough stone walls and piazza posts ; and to their delicate tracery may be left the work 160 HOXTSB-PLANS FOE EVESTBODT. of " filling in" their more appropriate and agreeable dec- orations The Gellae (fig. 113), is 6'/, feet high, ex- tending under the whole building, giving ample space for the storing of articles requinng a cool, moist air for their preservation. Seven windows are arranged to provide light and ventilation to every part. The outside entrance is from the rear under the back stoop ; stairs lead di- rectly up to the ^3=6 kitchen. The "safe" is a " locker," or pri- vate cellar for keeping choicer stores .... FiEST ST0ET,(fig.ll3.) — Hight of ceil- ings, 10 feet. The arrange- ments are some- what peculiar, and are very con- venient and Fig. iia.-PLAN OP CELLAR. pleasaut. Each of the four principal rooms have windows giving views in two different directions. The two halls (front and rear) have stairs in each, and are otherwise arranged for easy communication with all parts of the house. The Parlor is pleasantly situated, adjoins the front hall and dining- room, has a large open fire-place, and is shaded on the front by the piazza. The Dining or living-room is the largest apartment, and communicates directly with every other room and hall on this floor, bringing this entire story under the immediate supervision of the mistress of the household. It has an open fire-place and two closets. The Bedroom is placed in a quiet comer, where the little ones mav take their " day naps " without being run over HOtrSE-PLANS FOB EVEETBODT. 161 cr disturbed by sudden callers, or those engaged in house- work. The Kitchen is a good-sized apartment, adjoins the dining-room, rear hall, milk-room, large pantry, two closets, and cellar stairway, and is provided with a large range, sink, wash-tubs, and the necessary pipes for sup- plies of cold and hot water Second Stoby, (fig. 114.)— Eight of ceiling, 8 feet. This contains fiTe good -sized chambers, a large hall, and nine closets. The three larger chambers have full -sized side- walls and ceil- ings ; the space beyond the side- walls or parti- tions are devoted to closets, of which there can- not be too many in any house.... COKSTEUCTION. — Unless situated on very high ground, having a thor- ough natural drainage, the earth taken from the cel- lar excavations should be left on the grounds and graded around the foundation, to insure the turning away of all surface water. In such cases, care must be taken to allow in the depth of the excavation for the hight it is intended to raise the earth grades. The ap- pended estimate of cost is for excavating 3 feet deep. This will furnish 202 cubic yards of earth to raise the grades 1'/, foot immediately around the house (leaving 3 rig. 113.— ELAU OP PIBST PLOOB. 162 HOUSB-PLAIfS FOB EVBBTBODT. CHAIMBER s> le n-n_ CHAMBER 9 xie HALL 7x20 1 CHAMBER 8 "11 1 CHAMBER U X/J 1 T feet of the foundation exposed to sight), and give a gen- tle slope outwards in every direction to the distance of 40 feet. All the outside walls are solid masonry. The foundations are of the roughest stone, laid in good mor- tar, 3 feet thick. A " top floating " of hydraulic cement mortar is used in levelling the upper surfaces, to prevent the ground moisture from rising above that line to be absorbed by the main walls. The main walls are of rough stone and hard burned bricks laid in strong mortar, 16 inches thick. The outside cor- ners, and the jambs and heads of the doors and windows, are of brick, as shown in fig. 115. Their use greatly facil- itates the work of construction, and obviates the necessity of stone-dressing. The intervening walls are of broken stone "random dressed," laid in courses to conform to the quoin lines of the brick-work, and may be done by common masons. The window aud door sills are of ordinary hammered blue-stone. All out- side interstices and joints are filled and pointed with ce- ment mortar. Thin strips of wood (mason's lath wiU do) are laid in between the courses on the inside, to which the inside furring is fastened. The chimneys are built of hard brick, and are finished above the roof with large tops, having cross openings at the sides for each flue, and iL CHAMBER KC. 114. — PLAN OF SECOND FLOOB. HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVEBTB0D1. 163 -MA3JOTR or BDILDQIG 0OBHEB8. close covers. — The Frame- work is very simple ; the cen- tral girders are supported by large posts on solid stone footing. The beams are notched over the girders, with their ends resting and anchored in the walls, and are thoroughly bridged. The plates are anchored by bolts that are inlaid while building the walls. The rafters are notched over the plates with their lower ends extending 2'/, feet beyond the walls ; their centers are sup- ported by purlins and collars. The roof is covered with dark slate. The flooring is of ^S- US.- mill-worked iy,-inch plank. The interior of the stone walls is furred off, with unobstructed spaces between the furring to the roof, for the passing off of all dampness. The interior finish is complete throughout. The princi- pal rooms have neatly-moulded architraves, other rooms plain. The kitchen and rear hall are wainscoted. All doors are panelled and moulded, and all windows have in- side blinds. — The plastering is three-coat work, with the principal rooms hard-finished, balance white-slipped. The painting, outside, is two coats with the best materi- als ; inside is oil-stained and flat- varnished. — Estimate : 202 yards excavation, 3 ft. deep, at 20c. per yard $40.40 224 perches stone-work, complete, at $2.75 per perch 616.00 150 ninninp f t. blue-stone eills. at 30c. per ft 4'i.OO 6,500 bricks m quoins and chimneys, complete, at $18 per M 78.00 1,000 yards plastering, complete, at 28c. per yard .^80.00 6,208 ft. of timber, at $15 per M 78.18 1 girder, 4x8 in. 62 ft. long. 1 girder, 4x6 in. 38 ft. long. 2 purlins, 4x8 in. 38 ft. long. 2 purlins, 4x8 in. 18 ft. long. rafters, 3X4 in. 21 ft. long. 8 rafters, 3X4 in. 17 ft. long. beams. 3X8 in. IS ft. long. 35 beams, 3X8 In. 21 ft. long. 12 beams, 3x8 in. 10 ft. long. 40 collars, lix5 in. 13 ft. long. 1 valley, 3X8 in. 80 ft. long. 1 plate, 3x8 in. 200 ft. long. 250 wall-strips, at lie. each 27.50 300 furring strips, at 4c. each 12.00 Anchors to beams and plates 5.00 Cornice materials 30.00 420 shingling lath, at Cc. each 2.5.20 26i squares of slating, complete, at {.9 per square 238.50 86 hemloclc boards, piazza roof, at lOc. eacU 4.00 164 HOUSE-PLANS FOE ETEETBODT. Si squares tin, roofing and leaders, at $8 per square $20.00 29B flooring, 8 in., atS5c. each 74.00 Stairs, complete, $90 : piazza and stoop, $80 ITO.OO 7 cellar windows, complete, at $5 35.00 S2 plain windows, complete, at $10 each S20.00 4 dormer windows, complete, at $18 each 12.00 84 doors, complete, at $9 each 306.00 2 mantles, 3 shelves, complete 68.00 Closet finish, complete 39.28 Range andplombing, complete 175.00 Nails, $16; painting, $60 ; oartage,$15 91.00 Carpenter's labor, not included above 150.00 Total cost, complete $2,900.0G DESIGN XXVIII. A HOUSE COSTING $3,000. These plans were designed for a suburban cottage, hav- ing a cheerful outside appearance, and containing ample interior apartments conveniently arranged, -with such modem improyements as are desirable for the use of an ordinary sized family Extbkioe, (fig. 116.) — The general outlines are made "up of simple parts, embracing features of pleasing yariety and elegance. The founda- tion walls, showing four feet above ground, insure against moisture from the earth, and add to the superficial di- mensions of the structure. Such high foundations for houses of this character afEord a proper background for the grasses and shrubbery usually surrounding them. The irregularties of the principal building, the steep, dark-slated roofs, with their heavy projecting cornices, truncated or hooded gables, and enriched barge-boards, together with the stoops and bay-windows, are propor- tioned and arranged to assimilate with each other, and contribute to gracefulness and harmony Cellar, (fig. 117.) — Hight, 7 feet. Seven good-sized windows admit an abundance of light, and afford thorough venti-^ lation First Stobt, (fig. 118.) — Hight of ceiling, lOy, feet. The rooms are unusually large, and arranged HOUSB-PLAJJIS BOK EVEETBODT. 165 to be pleasant, comfortable, and convenient. The front entrance has large double doors. This hall contains the principal stairs, which are of " platform " construction. We prefer this form whenever the general plan allows it, as such stairs are much easier, less dangerous, and appear better than the usual long, straight flights. The haJl connects with each principal room, obviat- ing the too fre- quent necessity of passing through one room to reach another. The Parlor has afire place, adapt- ed to either a grate or fire- place heater (we should pre- fer the latter in this case, sup- plied with heat- ing -pipes for w a r m i n g the ^'S- ii6.-bleyation of house. chamber above,) and is provided with a marble mantle. A large bay-window admits sufficient light, and afEords a pleasant outlook. The remaining sides of this room are unbroken, leaving ample space for furniture, pictures, etc. The Dining, or living-room, is intended as the most agreeable and pleasant room in the house ; it has a fire-place with hearth openings, adapted to a "low- down" grate," which is a good substitute for the old home-like fire-place, and afEords an opportunity for a generous and cheerful fire, and insures the most perfect 166 HOUSE-PLAKS FOE EVEETBODT. ventilation. The ashes from these hearth fires fall into the ash-pit below them, thus obviating the necessity and dust of their daily removal. A marble mantle with a large hearth, one bay and three plain windows, and a closet, are provided for this room. The windows afford plentiful light, and views from front, side, and rear, thus assuring a home- like, cheerful apartment. The Kitchen is pleas- antly situated, has four windows for light and ventila- tion, and is plan- ned with especial regard for conven- ience. It is in. proximity with the principal hall, rear entry, and cellar stairway, has a large pantry, and two closets, and contains a large fire-place, with a range, boiler, sink, and wash-tubs having pipe attachments for hot and cold water. The dimensions of the fire-place are 2 feet 10 inches wide, 5 feet 6'/, inches high, and 1 foot 9 inches deep, with a hearth-stone 2 feet wide, and 4 feet long. The range is fitted into the fire-place, and has a water-back, elevated oven, and warm-closet, and is connected by pipes with the boiler. The dumb-waiter, shown on the plan at the right of the fire-place, is intended as a " coal-lift," which will save many steps and much hard labor running for Fig. 117. — PLAJf OP CELLAB. HOrrsE-PLAKS FOR EVERTBODT. 167 coal. This is simply a box, holding three bushels (twelve scuttles), constructed of I'/^-inch floor planks, with wood runners 3 feet long, on two opposite sides, conforming to grooves made in stationary planking in the cellar, and is suspended by weights, with strong ropes, passing over pulleys fastened to the underside of the floor- beams. The upper portions of this closet may be fitted with shelving and hooks, as desired. The large Kitchen Pantry, thor- oughly shelved, is in the " addi- tion" that ad- joins the kitch- en, and is built in combination with the rear stoop. The en- try, convenient- ly situated, com- municates be- zr^^^go^ PARLOR tV HIT Fig. 118.— PLA» OF PIRST FLOOR, tween the kitchen and dining-room, and with the back stoop through the rear door Second Stobt, (fig. 119.) — Hight of ceiling, 9 feet. This story is divided in the simplest manner, has a hall, three large chambers, with closets for each, and a bath-room, all with sufficient windows for light and ventilation. Each principal cham- ber has an open fire-place, adapted to grates. Chimneyf centrally situated, radiate most of their heat into the 168 aOUSE-PlAUS roB EVEKTBODY. rooms, thus saving fuel. The Bath-room has a French bath-tub, with cold and hot water, and a seat-closet. The stairway to the attic story is ceiled in over the prin- cipal stairs, with a door at the foot. The Attic has three apartments, two intended to be plastered and finished as chambers ; the third, or larger one, is unfinished for an open garret General Oonstedctiok. — The excava- tions are 2'/, feet deep, and the loose earth is graded around the building at completion, leav- ing 4 feet of the foundation exposed to sight. The foun- dation-walls are built as described for Design XXXIL The sub-sills of the windows, and the steps and coping of the area, are of blue- stone. The chim- neys being near the Fig. 119.-PLAN OP SECOND TLooB. ccuter, arc not con- nected with the foundation walls. The rear one is con- structed in box form, below the first floor, as a receptacle for ashes, and has a small iron door near the bottom for removing the ashes. The principal frame-work is of sound pine or spruce timber, of the sizes mentioned in the esti- mate below. When practicable, we would use pine tim- ber for all sills and posts, as the least liable to decay, and spruce for the girts and beams, on account of its quality for stifEness. The siding is of two thicknesses of board- ing, as described for Design XXXII. The principal roof is constructed at the angles of 45°, securing valuable fiOUSfi-tLANS tOR EVEKTfiObt. les space for attic rooms, and is covered with dark slate laid on hemlock, with tarred paper between. The roofs of the stoops and bay-windows, and all gutters and valleys, are of I. 0. charcoal tin, laid on hemlock boards. The method of constructing the cornice, gutters, and barge boards of the principal roof, is shown in detail in fig. 120. A, rafter of 3x4; £, plate of 4x6, placed lA Kg.. 130. — OORNIOB, SUTTEE, AND BABGE-BOABDS. inches above the attic floor ; C, post of 4 X 7 timber ; D, gutter, having no abrupt angles to bother the tinsmith, or impair his work, but is of circular form, and stayed with 2-inch furring lath, on which the tin is smoothly and easily laid. .E", bracket constructed of 2x4, with simple scroll, sawed from 4x6 timber. F, crown mould- ing of l'/,x3y^, worked solid ; G, barge-board with the crown-moulding attached ; this closes the ends of the gutters to the hight of the dotted line at D. The stairs, interior trimmings, and the general painting, are intend- 8 no HOnSE-PlAKS FOR EVER-SBODr. ed to be similar to those described for Design XVII. In the estimate appended will be found a full schedule of the materials required to construct, and fully develope a house by these plans. The quantities given may be re- lied on as correct, and their^post is compiled from the prices now ruling in this vicinity. — Estimate : 69 yards excayation, at BOo. per yard , $13.80 18,500 brick, furniehed and laid, at $ia per M 222.00 53 ft. stone steps, and coping, at 30c. perft 16.90 841 yards plastering, complete, at2Sc. peryard 235.48 3S0 yards stucco cornices, at 2Sc. peryard 62.50 4,903 r. timber, at $16 per M 73.5* 2 Bills, 4X8 in. 30 ft. long. 2 sills, 4X8 in. 22 ft. long. 3 sills, 4X8 in. 18 ft. long. 8 posts, 4X7 in. 22 ft. long. Ties, 4x6 in. 302 ft. long. Plate, 4x6 in. 151 ft. long. 75 beams, 3X8 in. 18 ft. long. 54 rafters, 3X4 in. 13 ft. long. 600 wall-strips, 2X4in. 13ft. at lie. each 65.00 320 sheathing, Q^in., at 25c. eacb 80.00 170 lbs. tarred paper, at3c. per lb 6.10 320 siding-boards, 9fincb, at 28c. eacb 89.60 Materials in outside dre-sing and cornices 80.00 161 hemlock board s, principal roof, 10 in., at 16c. each 25.76 14i sqnares of slate, at $9 per square 130.50 306 flooring. 91 in., at 28c. eacb 85.68 2 stoops, complete, at $60 each lOO.OO 2 bay-windows, complete 120.00 Stairs, complete 76.00 21 plain windows, complete, at $12 eacb 262.00 T cellar windows, complete, at $6 eacb 42.00 22 doors, with base and trimming, complete, at $10 eacb 220.00 3 marble mantles and 3 shelves, complete 68.00 1 range, with elevated oven and warm closet, complete 80.00 Plumbing and gas pipes, complete 175.00 Coal-lift and shelving, complete 25.00 3 rooms in attic, finished, complete 60.00 Nails, $20; bells and speaking-tubes, complete, $15 35.00 Painting, $240; cartage, $40 280.00 Carpenter's labor, not included above 250.00 Extra for incidentals 43.14 Total cost, complete $3,000.00 Should it be desirable to reduce the cost of building by this plan, it may be done without changing the principal outlines or arrangements, by the following deductions and omissions, viz. : Scmbig. Foundations rednced in bigbt from 7 ft. to 61 ft - $20 00 B cellar windows, instead of 7 12.00 Inclosing with smj^le thickness siding 80.00 Roof of shingles, instead of slate 60.00 4 plain windows. Instead of tbe2bays 72.00 Dednct 1 window in each: dining-room, kitchen, batb-room 36.00 Rednce the cost of windows and doors, eacb $1.50 64.60 An ordinary range, instead of one with an elevated oven 40.00 Omit the flnisb in attic 60.00 Omit plumbing and gas-pipes '. ,'. 175.00 Omit coal- lift, Dells, and tubes .'..' 30.00 Total reductions $649.50 Making the cost $3,350.60 HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVBETBODT DESIGN XXIX. 171 fig. 121.— ELEVATION OP PRONT OF HOUSE. A HOUSE COSTING $3,100. These plans were designed for a summer residence neat Toms River, N. J. They are especially adapted to situ- ations where the more pleasant views are to the rear, masing it desirable to have the principal rooms on that side of the house Exterior, (fig. 121.) — The Swiss- like style is due to its bold roofs, wide projections, and rustic details of finish, there being no attempt at archi- tectural display. . . . First Stoet, (fig. 122.) — The Hall, which is unusually large, is entered from the front porch through double doors, contains the main stairs, and com- municates with the library, parlor, dining-room, and a passage leading to the kitchen. A Closet is finished un- der the stairs opening from the passage. The Library is nearly square, with openings in the center of each of its four sides, and is divided from the parlor by large fold- ing-doors. The Parlor is of good dimensions, has large windows opening to the floor, and leading to the piazza. in SOUSE-PLANS FOB EVEKTBODt. The Piazza is 12 feet wide, affording shade and ample protection from storms, and may be used in pleasant ■weather to enlarge the capacity of the parlor. The Din- ing-room is entered from the main hall, and communi- cates through the pantry with the kitchen. The Kitchen has windows front and rear, giving a good circulation of air, and is furnished with a range, boiler, sink, and pump, connected with the necessary piping, with supply from the cistern. Private stairways lead to the second story, and to the cellar; the ne- cessary pantries are provided. The one - story Addition is di- vided into three parts, making a work - room or shed, inclosing the well, a ser- vant's bed-room, and a store-pan- try. .. . Second Stobt, (fig. 133.) — This story contains a hall, five good-sized chambers, seven closets, and a bath- room. The hall has nine doors leading to the several apartments, two stair landings, and a window, while it occupies but little space. The Bath-room has a bath- tub, seat-closet, and pipes for cold and hot water Attic, (fig. 124.) — A hall and two chambers are finished in this story. The stairs leading to it are inclosed, and have a door at the foot. The hall is lighted by a dormer window in one end. At the opposite end a door leads to the space under the wing-roof, where the tank is placed, immediately above the bath-room Construction. — The hight of the cellar is 6'/, feet, of the first story 10'/, feet, of the second story 8 feet, of the attic 7 feet. The Kg. 132.— PLAN 01' ITRST TU30S. E0USB-PLAK3 FOB EVERTBODT. 173 foundations are of brick-work, and show two feet above the final grades. The chimneys are of brick-work, and have six open fire-places, with hearths to each, adapted to the use of either wood or coal fuel. The plastering is "hard-finish" on two coats of brown mortar. Stucco cornices and centers, of simple design, are put in the first story of the main house. Marble shelves with stucco truss-supports are put above each fire-place. A well and cistern are included in the estimate. The depth of the former is put at 30 feet, average as the To avoid the dan- ger of the cav- ing in of the sides while dig- ging, it is best to make the ex- cavation 4'/, ft. square (not cir- cular, as is usu- ally done.) Fig. 133.— PLAN OF SECOND TLOOB. Eough planks, 4'/, feet long, with theii ends notched half way across, are slid in to lock with each other closely against the banks, as the excavation proceeds, making this part of the work perfectly safe in any kind of earth. The d^pth of the well should be suf- ficient to secure at least four feet of spring water. Of course it would be impracticable to lay the brick-work under water that depth, and therefore a circular curb 3 feet 3 inches in diameter, and 6 feet long (inside meas- ure) must be made of ordinary boards, with an interior 4:-inch timber rim at the bottom, and let down into the well as soon as water is reached. The rim forms the foundation of the brick-work. After laying a few courses around, say to the bight of one or two feet, their added weight will force them (curb and all) downwards under 174 HOUSE-PLANS FOB EYEETBODY. the water as fast as the depth is increased. The clear inside diameter, when finished, is 2 feet 10 inches ; the top courses of brick, to the depth of 3 feet, should be laid in cement mortar ; all others laid " dry." The Cis- tern is constructed entirely of brick and cement mortar, in the earth ; 7 feet across, and 8 feet deep in the clear. The frame of the house is of spruce timber, siding of clear pine, beyeled clapboards, laid on sheathing-felt. Eoofing of cedar shingles, laid " three thick " on spruce lath. The cornices have projections of two inches for each foot of their hight from the ground, which is appropriate for ML. ■"ID IE D li=|t buildings of this Fig. 134.— PLAS OS ATTIC. character, and is double that of the usual styles. These projec- tions are ceiled underneath with tongued and chamfered timber grooved boards, and bracketed with trusses. Openings are made through the gable cornices to allow for the escape of heated air from under the roof. The flooring is of 9-inch tangued and grooved spruce plank. All windows above the cellar have iy,-inch sash, and outside blinds. Doors are panelled and moulded. The inside trimmings are quite plain, single moulded, with bold members. The upper frame-work of the piazza is left exposed on the underside, and is neatly dressed and chamfered. The first-story stairs are strongly construct- ed of pine- with newel, rail, and balusters of black walnut. Estimate of materials and labor : 93 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard $18.60 30 it digging well, at $1 per ft 30.00 19,000 bricks (cellar foundation, chimneys, cistern, and well,) famished and laid, at |12 per M 228.00 HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVBETBODT. 175 4 barrels cement, at $2.50 per barrel (10.00 1,800 yards plastering, at 28c. per yard 336.00 fi,974ft. of timber, at$15perM 89.61 1 girt, 4X8 in. 32 ft. long. "" " 8 poBtB, 4X7 in. 20 ft. loug. 46 beams, 2x8 la. 12 ft. long. 30 beams, 2x8 in. 17 ft. long. 36 beams, 2X8 In. 11 ft. long. 700 wall-Btrlps, at lie. each. 1 siU, 4x8 In. 313 ft. long. 1 plate, 4x6 in. 313 ft. long. 61 beams, 2x8 in. 20 ft. long. 2U beams, 2x8 in. 13 ft. long. 2 girts, 4xG in. 30 ft. lung. 77.00 600 clapboards, at 14c. eac'a 70.00 860 shingllng-latli, atCc. |21; 9,650 ebingles, at 2c., $193 214.00 150 ft. gutters, valleys, and leaders, at 10c. per ft 15.00 1,500 ft. dressed lumber in cornices, at 4c 60.00 513 flooring, at 27c., $138.51 : 30 windows, at $12, $360 498.51 260 lbs. fert, at 6c., $12.50: 35 doors, at $10, $350 362.50 5 marble shelves, $6, $30; stairs, $100 130.00 Closet finished, $50; well-curb, $12 62.00 Hanee and plumbing, $280; nails, $20 300.00 Carting, average 1 mile, $40; painting, $230 270.00 Carpenter's labor, $260 ; Incidentals, $78.78 328.78 Total cost, complete $3,100.00 DESIGN XXX. A FRAME AND BRICK FARM-HOUSE COSTING $3,300. These designs represent a farm-house having an air of substantial comfort and refinement, and affording ample space and convenience for a large family Exteeiob, (fig. 125.) — This style admits of the simplest and most economical finish, is susceptible of almost any degree of irregularity, and is therefore suitable for the greater numlaer of rural buildings. The indestructible covering of the side-walls and roofs has the merit and appearance of permanency.... Cellar, (fig. 126.) — The central di- vision is 7 feet high, has five windows, and outside door, and a stairway leading up to the kitchen. The girders under the first floor beams are supported on large posts, standing on firmly-imbedded flat stones. . . . First Story, (fig. 127.)— Hight of the ceilings, 11 feet in main house, and 9 feet in the one-story wings at the side and rear. The parlor, sitting-rooms, kitchen, and front hall, are in the main house. The rear wing contains a summer .kitchen, bath-room, and a large kitchen pantry. The 176 HOTJBE-PLAirS FOB EVBBTBODT. side wing is divided into a bed-room, clothes-press, and pantry. The Parlor, Sitting-room, and Bed-room face the front. The Kitchen is the largest apartment, and is arranged to be used as the Living-room. It has windows in each end, an outside door leading to a pleasant veran- da, is in direct communication with the front hall, sit- ting-room, summer kitchen, two pantries, and the cellar Fig. 135. — ELEVATION OP HOTJSB. • stairs. The Summer Kitchen, intended to relieve the larger room of the heavier work, is furnished with a range, boiler, sink, pump, and wash-tubs, and has an outside door. The Bath-room is situated at the side of the summer kitchen, and contains a bath-tub and a seat- closet. A tank 3x3x6 feet, is placed between the ceiling and roof of this wing, and arranged to receive rain-water from the main roof. A force-pump is set near the iron sink, and arranged to supply water from the cis- tern to the tank, when the rain supply is exhausted. It , ^ill be observed that all the plumbing apparatus is placed H0T7SE-PLANS FOE EVEETBODT. 177 IT) cloBe proximity, thus insuring economy in the cost of their introduction, and also that their location prevents any serious injury that night arise from a chance burst- ing, or throug.'i carelessness. No windows are shown at the rear of the summer kitchen, or bath-room, this space being reserved for any additions that may be desired for fuel, etc Second Stoet, (fig. 128.)— Hight of ceil- ings, 9 feet. There are five chambers, a hall, and two closets in this story. Each chamber is of good dimen- sions, well lighted (twelve windows in this story,) and may be warm- ed if required, either by stoves placed in them or through pipes inserted in the flues for the introduction of hot air from heaters in the first story, as described for Design XXXII Attic. — A flight of stairs, located above those of the first story, and inclosed with narrow ceiling, with a door at the foot, leads to the garret or attic. This story is thoroughly timbered and floored, but otherwise unfinished Oonsteitction^. — The foundation walla are of broken stone, laid in good mortar, 18 inches thick, and show 2 feet above the final grade of the surrounding, earth. The materials of the frame are indicated in the estimate below, and are framed together, and raised in the usual manner, except that the sills are placed 4 inches Fig. 126. — ^PLAN or OBLLAB. 178 HOUSE-PLAlfS FOR EVEKTBODT, PIAZZA. back from the face of the foundation, to provide a foot- ing for the water-table and brick inclosing. The inside of the exterior frame is roughly ceiled around with hemlock boards, which are thoroughly nailed to the studding, bring- ing them "into line," and mak- ing them firm. The method of inclosing the sides of the building is shown in fig. Fig. 127.— PLAM OP FIKST FLOOB. joQ J {a t\,a foundation ; B the water-table ; C the brick wall ; 2), inside boarding ; J!; -E^,^, timber of the frame. The water - table, of dressed stone, is laid on the foun- dation in cement mortar. The brick are laid in ''stretchers," in good lime and eand-mortar, with close joints. Anchor nails ( fig. 1 30) are driven ^'^" 128.— plan op second floor. in each stud in contact with the upper surfaces of every HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVEBTBODY. 179 fifth course of brick, as shown in the sketch. The win- dow sills are of smoothly dressed stone, set in the regular manner. The window and door frames are made as for 8-inch brick-work. The heads are arched oyer with ■I I brick projecting half an inch beyond I 1 the face of the walls, forming a cop- I I ing to the windows. The anchor „, .„„ nails are made of ordinary galvan- Fig. ISO.— ANCHOR NAn,. ■ ■, 1/ . , J. . /, • n ized /g-mch fence-wire ; 6 inches long is required for each nail, 1 inch of both ends being bent at a right angle, and one end is flattened to be easily driven into the studding, and the opposite end is imbed- ded in the joints of the brick- work. These nails are best applied by a carpenter employed to accompany the masons in their work. This mode of building exterior walls may be new to many persons, but it has been demon- strated and provedto be thor- oughly practical, and for many reasons prefer- able to the usual "solid brick" wall ; it is less expensive, does not retain mois- ^'^- 129.-mai.heb of building. ture, requires no "furring off," or "filling in," and attach- ments of cornices, stoops, or balconies, are easily made to connect with the inside frame work The main and wing roofs are covered with dark 8 x 16-inch slate, laid^, 7 inches to the weather. Mason's lath are put on the inside boarding in a vertical manner, 16 inches apart, and the interior of the two full stories is lathed, plas- tered, and otherwise fully completed. 180 house-piiaks for evektbodt. Estimate of Cost : 157 yards ezcaratioD, 4 feet deep, at 20c. per yard $31.40 60 perches stone foundation, at $2.75 per yard 165.00 44 ft. stone steps and cellar window-sills, at 30c. per ft 13.20 278 feet dressed stone-sills and water-tahle, at 75c. per ft 208.50 81,000 brick, furnished and laid, at $12 per M 372.00 925 yards plastering, at 28c. per yard 259.00 Stucco cornices 30.00 6,707 ft. timber, at $15 per M 100.60 SiUs, 4X8 in. 252 ft. long. Plates, 4X6 in. 262 tt. long. Ties, 4X6 in. 324 ft. long. Girders, 4x8 in. 46 ft. long. 10 posts, 4X7 in. 23 ft. long. 70 beams, 3x8 in. 22 ft. long. 21 beams, 3x8 in. 15 ft. long. 8 beams, 3X8 in. 13 ft. long. 1 piazza, 3x7 in. 122 ft. long. 1 piazza, 3x5 in. 70 ft. long. 100 joist, 3X4 in. 13 ft. long, at 16c. each 16.00 400 wall-strips, at He. each 44.00 600 hemlock boards, for sheathing and roofing, at 16c. each 96.00 Cornice materials, $70; 21 squares slate, at $9, $189 259.00 436 ft. tinning, gutters, and leaders, at 8c. per ft 34.88 BOO flooring, 9-incb spruce, at 26c. each 130.00 Stairs, complete, $90; piazzas, $130 220.00 B cellar windows, complete, at $6 each 30.00 33 windows, above cellar, complete, at $10 330.00 25 doors, at $10, $250 ; range and plumbing, $250 500.00 3 mantles, $75; closet finish, $25 100.00 Painting, $113.66; cartage, $30 143.66 Carpenter's labor, not included above 200.00 Incidentals 16.76 Total cost, complete $3,300.00 DESIGN XXXI. A HOUSE COSTING $3,700. The plans here giren are somewhat peculiar in arrange- ment, intended for a compact and economical residence or parsonage, containing thirteen rooms, ample halls, eleven closets, large cellar, heater, range, cold and hot water, and, in fact, all the necessary modern improve- ments suitable for the uses of a good-sized family Exterior. — The general outline is nearly square, 26x30 feet, affording the most simple and economical form of construction, and embraces a much better opportunity for the most desirable distribution of rooms. The porch, bay-window, and kbby, provide projections that serve to break up and relieve the monotony usually observed in square buildings. Three elevations (figs. 131, 132, 133,) aOUSE-PLAKS FOE EVEKTBODY. 181 are given, from wMch choice can be made, according to the situation of the building Interiob. — It will be observed that the arrangements of the interior partake very much of the character of a " double house," partic- Fig. 131.— MANSABD BOOP. ularly in the upper stories. . . . Cellar, (fig. 134.) — The Cellar extends under the whole house, and contains the heater and bins for coal, etc. The Heater ("portable") is arranged to provide warm air to each room in the two principal stories, except the kitchen Fikst Stokt, fig. 135.) — The Entrance, or Eeception Hall, is large, and contains the principal stairway of the 18^ ■ fit6TtSE-PtAl>rs JOB BVBKYBODY. house, so arranged that the quarter-circle is about mid- way of their hight, placing the niclje down, where Fig. 132. — POINTED EOOP. it adds greatly to the good appearance of the hall. The principal rooms, Parlor and Dining-room, where it is visual for the family to congregate, are large and acces- sible. Each has a large bay-window, adding to its area, HOUSE-PtAsrs FOR EVERYBODY. 183 and supplying a pleasant outlook. The Kitchen adjoins the dining-room and the rear entrance, or lobby, and has direct communication with the cellar-stairway through a door. It is provided with a range, boiler, sink, pump, and wash-tubs, complete. The Lobby, or rear entrance, Fig. 133. — OOTTAOB B007. is arranged to connect by doors with the dining-room, kitchen, and private stairway leading to the second floor. Second Story, (fig. 136.)— The method of erecting the stairs make them "land" nearly in the center of the second story. Very little space is required for the sec- ond-story hall, leaving almost this entire floor to be "laid off " in rooms. These rooms may all be used as cham- 184 HOUSE-PLANS FOE ETEETBODf. berg, or either of them may be used as a study. Doubt- less the room directly above the front entrance would be best adapted for that purpose. The door leading to this room should have ground-glass upper panels to supply light to the hall of this story. . . . Attic, (fig. 137.)— The Attic story is reached by the stairway shown at the front end of the second-story hall, which has a door at the foot Fig. 134. — PLAK or OELLAB. of them to shut off all communication at pleasure. This story is divided into four rooms, four closets, and hall. The Hall is lighted through an opening, or skylight, in the roof, which also serves as a ventilator. The School, or Play-room, is put in this part of the house, where noise is less likely to disturb the older members of the household. A Work-shop, having ample space for a "Work-bench, wood-lathe, and other tools, is provided for HOtrSE-PLANS FOR EVEKYBODT. 185 in oui* plan on the third floor. . . . The estimate appended indicates the general character of the work to be good and substantial. Provision is made for brick founda- tions, a regular timber frame, double siding, slate and { " "> " \^~vj Fig. 135. — ^PLAM OT FIBST FLOOB. tin roofs, outside blinds, panelled doors, simple and ap- propriate trimmings throughout, with marble mantles and stucco cornices in the principal rooms of the first story. The figures set down for the cost of windows, bays, porch, lobby, and doors, include materials and la- bor. The figures for carpenters' labor are for the balance of such work. 186 aOUSE-PLANS FOE EVEETBODT. Chamber. 11X11. olo Chamber. 11X11. Boom. 7X8-6. ■ Bath.RnnYn HaU. Batb-Room. MXU. 6-6X10. f" ^ Stndy. 7-«xlt Chamber. 11X12. Fig. 136.— FLAN OF SBCOND FLOOB. Fig. 137.— PLAN OP ATTia HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVERYBODY. 16'i Estimate for house with Mansard roof : 75 Tarda excavation, at 20c. per yard $15.00 13,000 brick, furnished and laid, at jfl2perM 156.00 48 ft. Btone Bills, steps, and coping, at 40c. per ft 19.30 1,000 yards three-coat plastering, at 28c. per yard 280.00 2S0ft. stucco cornices, with centers 75.00 4,181ft. of timber, at $15 per M 62.71 2 plates, 4x6 in. 26 ft. long. 2 plates, 4X6 in. SO ft. long. 4 deck plates, 3x8 in. 22 ft. long. 2 deck plates, 3X8 in. 30 ft. long. 8 beams, 3X8 in. 15 ft. long. 66 beams, 2x8 in. 15 ft. long. 66 beams, 2x8 in. 12 ft. long. 22.00 2 sills, 4X8 in. 26 ft. long. 2 sills, 4x8 In. 30 ft. long. 6 posts, 4x7 in. 23 ft. long. 1 girt, 4X8 In. 38 ft. long. 4 les, 4x6 in. 26 ft. long. 4 ties, 4x6 In. 30 ft. long. 4 hips, 3X7 in. 16 ft. long. 100 joists, 3X4 in. 13 ft., at 22c. each, BOO waU-Btrips, 2x4 in. 13 ft., at lie. each 55.00 483 sheathing for sides and roofs, at 25c. each 120.75 300 lbs. tarredfelt, at 5c. per lb 15.00 881 novelty siding, 6-inch, at 30c. each 114.30 112 ft. main cornice, atCOc. per ft 67.20 10 squares of slate, at 10c. per ft 100.00 12i squares of tin, at 10c. per ft 125.00 8 cellar windows, complete, at $8 each 64.00 12 plain windows, complete, at $12 each i^'"™ 8 dormer windows, complete, at $20 each 160.00 2 bay-windows, complete, at $60 each 120.00 1 porch, complete ''5.00 1 lobby, complete 50.00 390 tongned and grooved flooring, complete, at S8c. each 109.20 46 doors, complete, at $10 each *52'SK U closets, complete, at $6 each 66.00 2 marble mantles, complete, at $25 each 50.00 1 heater, complete 200.00 Gas-pi^es 35.71 Plumbmg, indnding range, etc 300.00 Painting? T 1S8.93 Carting 75.00 Extras for hardware, etc 76.00 Carpenters' labor ■ 300.00 Total amount $3,700.00 DESIGN XXXI I. A HOUSE COSTING $4,000. This plan of a large house proyides ample and con- veniently-arranged apartments, containing the most re- quisite of modern improvements, suitable to the require- ments of a good-sized family. The general outline of the ground plan is nearly square — 30 X 36 feet — securing the greatest economy in expense of construction, and embrac- ing a liberal provision for comfort, and a suitable regard 188 HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVEETBODT. Fig. 138. — ^ELEVATION OP SKONT OP HOUSE. for appearances, without sacrificing one for the other. There is always a certain boldness in the exterior, or ele- vation, of a square double front, which no other style HOUSE-PLAKS FOR EVEETBODT. 189 affords, expressive of substantial dignity. The two Bay- windows and Porch are united in construction, the porch having its ends partly sheltered by the projecting bay- windows, is a pleasant feature. The second story, attic, and cupola windows^ have circular heads, with heavy dressing. The main Cornice is heavily trussed ; the Cu- pola is large and roomy, and all are proportioned to make this house worthy of almost any situation The Cel- lar extends un- der the whole house, with walls of hard brick and mortar 8 inches thick, and 7 feet high, and should extend 1'/, inch- es outside of the frame - work of the house, so as to be "flush" with the sheath- ing. The cross- walls, as shown on the plan, are of the same materials ; all such walls should have "head- ing-courses " every 20 inches, and if in sandy bottom, a suitable bedding should be provided, as described for Design XII., which will insure a perfectly safe and satis- factory foundation. The Area walls should be made of hard brick, with stone coping and steps, laid in cement mortar. All chimneys should be started and laid up with the foundation, and the materials interlaced to bind them together ; this will insure additional strength to both foundation and chimney. We recommend plastering, or "laying off" the ceiling of the cellar, with one coat of brown mortar, at a cost of $25, which would be a perma- Mg. 139.— PLAN OF CBLLAB, 190 HOUSE-PLANS EOR ETERTBODT. nent benefit to the whole house, in preventing the damp cellar air from rising up through the floors and frame- work of the house. Such air is almost sure to be vitiated by decaying vegetable matter, and is the undoubted source of much disease. Another advantage derived from such plastering is the shutting out of rats and mice from the frame-work of the house, and lastly, it afEords an opportunity of purifying and sweetening the cellar easily by (the simplest of all means) a coat of white-wash The materials used in the Frame are indicated in the es- timate appended below. Sills should be framed for each cross and out- side wall, so as to secure equal bearings, and allow for even shrinkages ; and when put in position, they should be bedded in mor- tar, to prevent ^'s- 1«).— feamino or bat-window. any inequalities in the bearings of the frame-work, to strengthen the foundation, and also to effectually shut out cold air from getting between the cellar ceiling and the first floor. All beams and studding are placed 16 inches from centers. The first tier of beams should be framed into the sills, and their tenons wedged from the outside, to "draw them home." They should also bear upon the wall equally with the sill. All beams having a span of 12 feet and over, should have at least one row of cross-bridging of iy^x3-inch "fencing." The second and third story beams are notched over the ties, and spiked fast. The cupola posts rest directly on the center girts, and the principal roof-timbers are framed and secured' to these posts. In this frame there need be no tendency to self- M ._ra CIRST 3 X B RFAM 1 < \ -? / 1 HOUSE 4- X 8 GILL H k / ''\ ! ^ \. » / -S" HOUSE-PLANS FOE BVEEYBODT. 191 destruction, so common in large buildings, such as oblique or outward thrusts, or irregularity of bearings, but a per- fect "repose" is secured to every piece of timber in the house The Bat-window frame-work (see fig. 140^ is 1 inch less in depth than the principal sills of the house, to allow for the thickness of the boarding beneath them, so that the water-table, when put around the house may be in line. The distances given on the diagram of the bay frame may be relied upon as correct. " Bay - windows are apt to be cold," is often said, but a sure preventive of such "cold" is easily secured by filling in between the beams and panels with dry sand, which will make them as tight as any other part of a house. — The character and quality of a house depends greatly upon the material and manner of siding. In our estimate we have provided for mill-worked sheathing, which should be put on diagonally, and thoroughly nailed to the frame, which will serve the double purpose of se- curing more warmth and strength than any "filling in" of brick, and is less expensive. A strip of the same thickness as the sheathing, and 2 inches wide, should be first nailed to the sill, close down to the masonry, to pre- Flg. 141.— PLAH OP FIBST Z1.00B, 193 HOUSE-PLAirS FOB EVBBTBODT. ! CHAMBER S'-e"^ 12" CHAMBER 12' X 13 6" L' EATH R C X a e CHAMBER. Tx 18-6" ■CHILDS R CLOSEtI "'^'-,'-„,lcLOSET|-S^CLOSET vent the air from entering the joints of the sheathing, and following them upwards into the house. Tarred paper is next stretched over the sheathing, when the win- dow-frames, water-table, and corner-boards should be set, and lastly, the novelty-siding put on, and double-nailed to each stud. The Windows are arranged for each sash to be hung, and all to have blinds. All windows above the first story have " circular heads," with caps turned of 4-inch timber. The Keys shown on the elevation are , . sawed out at the I I I I back, so as to fit over the caps (not cut through them). This is much simpler, more ornament- al, and does not impair or affect the solid head. — The roof projects 37 inches beyond the frame of the Fig. 143.-PLA1I OP 8B0OSD FLooK. buildiug, aud is covered with I. C. charcoal tin, laid and soldered in the best manner, on sound hemlock boards. The gutters of the main house are made as described for Design V. . . . The First Story plan (fig. 141) shows the general division of four rooms and three halls. The Entrance Hall, or Ee- ception Eoom, is 7 X 12 feet. The Stairway Hall is also 7 X 13 feet. The Bear Hall is 7 X 7 feet. These halls are divided from each other by sash doors. The entrance hall is divided from the parlor and dining-room by large double doors. The advantages of dividing the halls in the manner shown will be obvious to any one when they consider how cold, windy, and cheerless most halls are. By this arrangement all drafts are prevented, either when CHAMBER I3'6"x 13-6' I HOUSE-PLAN'S FOR EVERYBODY. 193 opening the entrance door, or when passing from one room to another. The inside double doors may be swung open altogether, throwing the principal rooms of the lower floor into one spacious apartment, if occasion should require, for a large company, without altering to any material degree the temperature of these rooms. The stairway hall containd the principal stairs, which are of the easiest "platform" construction, so arranged that a more private stairway is entirely unnecessai-y. The rear hall is the common hall of the house, and is easily reached from every part. The Parlor is the largest room, has a bay-window, marble mantle, and fire-place heater, and is separated from the library by sliding doors. The Dining-room has also a bay-window, marble mantle, and fire-place heater, and is intended as the Living-room. It is conveniently connected with the kitchen, stairway hall, entrance hall, and has a good pantry (c). The Kitchen is separated from the dining-room by a single door, and in close proximity to the rear entrance and cellar stairway doors. It contains one large closet, range with elevated oven, warm-closet, and water-back, boiler, sink, and wash-tubs. The Kitchen should be wainscoted 3 feet high, with °/jX 3-inch ceiling-boards. The clock and lamp-shelf should be put between the closet and, hall doors, and not over the range. The advantage of having the kitchen on the same floor with the dining-room must be apparent to every one.... The Second Story plan (flg. 142) is divided into four large chambers, a child's bed- room, a bath-room, five closets, with a good-sized hall. The two Front Chambers are heated by hot air from the " fire-place " heaters of the first story, so that they are always comfortable in the coldest weather. For many reasons we prefer the fire-place heaters over any other. They take little room, are cheerful in appearance, easy of man- agement, and economical, requiring attention but twice in twenty-four hours, if hard coal is used. Each heater 9 194 HOUSE-PLANS FOE BVERTBODT. will keep two ordinary sized rooms comfortable in winterj and are not unsightly in summer. Like any other device for heating, the perfect and satisfactory results depend altogether on the manner of setting them. In no case should a heater be expected to develop its full power when placed in a fire-place in so close proximity with the brick as to allow the hot air to strike against and be ab- sorbed by them. The heater should be enclosed in a jacket of sheet-iron, having an 8-inch opening, and a collar at the top. Attached to the collar, and "built in " the chimney, should be an 8-inch tin pipe, connect- ing with the register-box in the second story. Above this box this flue should be entirely closed. The smoke- pipe should be 4-inch, and pass up through the 8-inch tin pipe to the register-box, where an elbow should be put on, turning the smoke into the side flue adjoining. The side flue should have no other side openings. The Bath-room has bat'.i-tub, seat-closet, wash-basin, with cold and hot water faucets. Bach chamber to the right of the hall to have wash-basins. These Chambers have marble mantle shelves, resting on plaster trusses, at an expense of $6 each, which answer the purpose that a 120 mantle would, and are really more cheerful and appro- priate for such rooms. . . .The Attic is reached by the en- closed stairway, and is arranged so that two or four bed- rooms may be " finished off " as required. The Tank is placed on the floor over the bath-rooms, and is supplied partly from the roof, and partly by the force-pump in the kitchen. All the remaining space in the attic may be used for storage, etc The Cupola-room is 7 X 7 feet, reached by a light stairway. The head-room is made to subserve the purpose of a stand or table, so that really very little room is taken away by the stairs . . . .Very few people have any definite idea of the expense of the sep- arate items that are comprehended under the head of Plumbers' Work. The following estimate in detail of HOUSE-PLANS FOB EVEHTBODT. 195 plumbing, required in this house, gives facts and figures enough to enable any one to decide just how much plumbing can be done for any given sum, viz. : Sbeet-lead, 31 lbs. to sqaare ft, for tank, 2X4x6 ft., with atop-cock $21.00 Batb-tab, 10 oz., $15; plated flange and tbimble-cock, $6; plated plug and chain 22.50 Pan-closet, $12.25; plated cap and pull, $1.50; French bowl, $2.20; trap, 41n.,$3.75 19.70 8 wash-basins, $1.70 each; marble slabs, $5 each; plug, stud, and chain, $1.50 each ; 2 cocks, trap, screw, plug, $3 each 36.60 llronsink. 18X24 Inches, $;i ; 2 cocks, $3.5U; trap and screw, $1 6.50 35-gallon copper boiler, $27; with stand, $2 29.00 Force-piimp, with braas cylinder 17.00 20 ft. 4-ln. iron soil-pipe, at50o. per ft 10.00 372 lbs. supply and circulation pipe, at Sic. per lb 31.62 125 lbs. waste-pipe, at S^c per lb 10.63 Solder, tacks, and charcoal for this job 3.00 5 days' time, plumber and helper, $6 per day 80.00 Total amount of cost $^7.55 10 per cent added by plumbers in estimating 23.75 Total Plumber's charges for the job $261.30 To the bill for plumbing we add the cost of : Sanae, with elevated oven, warm-closet, water-back, set complete $80.00 Beaters, 2 " fire-place," with registers and heating pipes, $45 each 90.00 Cost. — Estimate of cost of building by this plan. It will be noticed that the prices given for bay-windows, porch, lobby, stairs, windows, cupola, and doors, include materials and labor complete, and that the amount of carpenters' work is for the balance of such labor required on the job : 100 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard $20.00 24,000 brick, furnished and laid, at $12 per M 288.00 930 yards plastering, 3-coat, at 28c. per yard 266.00 578 f:. timber, at $15 per M 4 slHs, 4X8 in. 30 ft. long. 6,678 ft. timber, at $15 per M 98.67 70 beams, 2x8 in. 15 ft. long. 2 sills, 4X8 in. 36 ft. long. 10 posts, 4x7 in. 24 ft. long. Ties, 4X6 in. 390 ft. long. 4 cupola posts. 4X6 in. 15 ft. long. Plate«, 4X6 in. 1.32 ft. long. I 100 joist, 3X4 In. 13 ft. long, at 23c. each 400 wall-strips, 2X4 in. 13 ft. at lie. each 60 beams, 2x8 in. 22 ft. long. 15 beams. 3X8 in. 22 ft. long. 4 hips, 3X8 in. 18 ft. long. 4 valleys, 8X8 in. 18 ft. long. 14 rafters, 3X5 in. 17 ft. long. 22.00 44.00 u«) sheathing, fxlOin. 13 ft. long, at 25c 80.00 200 lbs. tarred paper, at ac. per lb 10.00 320 novelty sidin^-boards, 9i-inch. at 38c. each 121.60 195 hemlock roof boards, at 22c. each 42.90 240 tongaed and grooved flooring, at 35c. each 84.00 168 ft. cornice, at 70o. per ft 117.60 17i squares of tin roofing, at $10 per square..... 175.00 190 ft. gutters and leaders, at 10c. per foot 19.00 Cupola, complete, except tin (included above) 100.00 2 bay-windows, complete, at $75 each 150.00 1 porch, complete, $75; lobby, complete, $50 125.00 i stairs, complete, $100 ; 17 windows, complete, $15 355.00 5 cellar windows, at $6 each 30.00 31 doors, at $12 each 408.00 3 marble mantles, at $30 each 60.00 196 HOUSE-PLANS TOR EVEBTBODT. 4 marble ahelves, at $6 each $34.00 Skegs nails, at $5 each ^ 25.00 Painting 2B0.00 Cartage, average 1 mile 66.40 Shelving, base, bell-h»nging, etc 73.70 Carpenter's labor 360.00 Plambing, as detailed above 261.30 Bange, $80; Incidentals, $163.83; 2heaterB, at $45, $90 296.33 Total cost of hooae $4,000.00 DESIGN XXXIII. Fig. 143.— ELEVATION OP HOUSE. A BRICK HOUSE COSTING $4,000. This plan was designed for the residence of Dr. Samuel McClure, of Olney, 111. The style and general character- istics are significant of elegance and -jomfort, and suggest HOtJSE-PtANS FOR EVEETBODY. 19? its adaptation to suburban, rather than the more rural situations Elevatiok, (fig. 143.)— There is a pecu- liar compactness in the outlines of the principal building, while the piazza and tower contribute largely to the sym- metry and gracefulness of the entire structure. The Fig. 144.— PLAU OP PIKST PLOOB. general details of the exterior are quite simple in them- selves, and are so proportioned and arranged as to adapt them to each other with artistic effect, and to produce marked features of uuity and completeness FiBST Stoky, (fig. 144.) — Hight of ceiling, 11 feet. The gen- eral divisions and arrangements are simple and practical. The principal entrance from the piazza is through outside and vestibule doors. The outside doors are made in 198: SOGSE-FLANS FOB EVEElTfiOfiT. pairs, with solid panels heavily moulded on the face. The vestibule doors are of similar construction, except that their upper panels are of glass. There is a seeming extravagance in such "vestibules," or duplication of doors, at the entrance of any dwelling, and they may be regarded as a luxury rather than a necessity, and would be superfluous and inappropriate in the ordinary cottage or farm-house ; but in residences of this character, where rig. 145. — FLAS OP SBCOND VLOOB. there is abundant space, such vestibules are manifestly proper, adding a feature of elaborateness, and providing for many contingencies of times and seasons. The out- side, or storm-doors, afford protection against extreme cold and severe storms, and furnish additional security. The vestibule, or "glass" doors, admit an abundance of cheerful light to the hall. The Main Hall is roomy, and contains the principal stairs, which are of platform con- struction, are wide, and have hard-wood rail, balusters, and newel. The Parlor and Dining-room adjoin the hall through large double doors. The parlor and bed-room are separated by sliding doors. The Bed-room has doors HOtJSE-PLANS FOR EVEKTBODT. 199 leading to the principal hall and to the bath-room, which has a wash-basin and water-closet. The Kitchen is sup- plied with a range, with elevated oven and a water-back ; a 30-gallon copper boiler, a sink with closet underneath, a pump, and stationary wash-tubs in three divisions, and it connects through doors with the dining-room, rear Fig. 146.— FLAN OF CELLAB. lobby, cellar-stairway, a large pantry, and a dish-closet. The Rear Lobby is arranged to connect with the rear entrance, kitchen, bath-room, and principal hall. The Bath-room contains a tank, with a capacity for four hogs- heads of water (placed near the ceiling), bath-tub, wash- stand, and seat-closet. Lead pipes necessary for the supply and distribution of cold and hot water, are pro- vided in the kitchen and bath-room. Marble mantles are provided for the principal rooms of this story, at an average cost of $35 each. Double architraves are intend- ed for the trimmings of the windows and doors in the principal apartments, and neat chair-backs are provided 200 HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVERYBODY. _E1 for the dining-room and kitchen Second Story (fig. 145. ) — By the peculiar method of constructing the roof and frame-work, it will be found that the inside walls of this story are vertical or plumb, instead of ang- ling as m the usual Mansard roof. The' ceiling is 9 feet high. This story has a hall, four large and one small, rooms, five closets, and a stairway to the tower. Each of the four large chambers have marble shelves resting on plaster trusses, as described in Design XXXII. Single architraves are intended for the trimming of this story. ..... OoNSTEUCTioN of the Walls and Eoof. — The exca- vations are made 1V» foot deep, and the earth thrown out is used in grad- ing around the house at compl©' tion, raising the surrounding sur- face 1 foot. The foundation and and cross - walls Fig. 147.— wiMDow-oAPs. (fig, 146) are 6'/, feet high. The principal walls resting on the foundation are 14 feet 3 inches high, and the walls of the tower ex- tend 11 feet 6 inches above the principal walls. The walls inclosing the wing in the rear are 10 feet high ; all of hard burned brick and good mortar. The exterior walls of the foundation are 12 inches thick, and all . other walls are 8 inches thick, and have heading courses every 2 feet. The bottom courses of the exterior foundation, to the hight of 2'/, feet, are laid in mortar composed of hydraulic cement and sharp sand, to prevent the absorption of dampness from the earth ; all other mortar is composed of lime and sand. All exterior sur- faces of brick- work that are exposed to view have "flush- joints," and those intended for painting should be rubbed smooth. All windows for the cellar and first HOUSE-PLAKS FOR EVEEYBODT. 301 story have sills of dressed stone, and have heads neatly arched of brick-work. The window-caps for the first story windows are laid of brick, as shown in sketch, (fig. 147). These caps are easily executed while construct- ing the walls, and are quite ornamental ; the figures on the sketch denote the distances or projections of the sev- eral parts beyond the face of the wall Plates of 3 x8 timber are laid flatwise on top of the brick walls, and the upper or roof framework is added as shown in section, (fig. 148) : A, foundation, 13 inches thick ; B, principal wall, 8 inches thick ; C, C, tower walls ; D, D, tower posts, 4x6 inches, adjoining the upper portion of tower walls, and forming a part of the tower; E, E, principal plates, 3x8 laid on brick work ; F, tie, 3 X 8, resting on 3 X 4 studding, placed inside the wall, and nailed to the principal plates; G, C, rafters sawed to pattern, the lower end projects one inch beyond the face of the wall. H, ceiling timbers resting on the ties. The remaining framework will be readily understood. The roofs are inclosed with rough hem- lock boards of even thickness, and thoroughly nailed to the rafters — and lastly covered with I. C. charcoal tin. The method of laying the tin on the upright or Mansard part of the roof, is known in the trade as the " raised groove " plan, in which all the vertical joints of the tin are raised and folded, leaving an elevated seam or ridge, which stiffens the general surface, and adds to the picturesqueness of this form of roof, without increasing its cost. The bal- ance of the tinning is laid with the ordinary lock-joint Fig. 148. — SECTION OB FKAME. 302 HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVEBTBODT. and soldered. Oas pipes are inserted in the framework so as to be concealed, except were they appear for attach- ments for 4 ceiling lights, and 4 side lights in the first story ; for 8 side lights in the second story ; for 1 ceiling light in the tower, and for 1 side light in the cellar. Ample opportunities for a thorough Ventilation are pro- Tided, for in this plan. It will be seen that the four large rooms have windows in two of their sides, affording the most certain and satisfactory means of ventilation known. — Flues are also provided adjoining each room in which registers are put, for use in the more severe weather. Provision is made for the escape of the air from between the ceiling of the second story and the roof. — Five strong tin 4-inch tubes, with funnel covers, are inserted in the deck of the principal roof ; four of them are placed 3 feet behind the chimneys, and one near the rear, connecting with a flattened tube leading directly from the bath-room .... The following estimate of the quantities of materials and labor, of their several kinds, and their cost, embraces everything necessary to the completion of the house, ex- cepting the appliances for heating, which may consist of a furnace, fire-place heaters, or open grates, as shall be best adapted to the location. In this vicinity, where hard coal is the chief fuel, we would suggest a furnace, placed in the cellar, with large pipes arranged to convey warm air to the different parts of the house. In localities where bituminous coal is used, the open grate gives good results, and is exceedingly cheerful in appearance. There are ranges and parlor stoves constructed to bum soft coal successfully, and it is undoubtedly possible that heating furnaces may be adapted to the use of the same fuel. Estimate of Cost : 80 yardB excavation, at 20c. per yard $16.00 60,000 brick, complete, at $10 per M. 600.00 lao ft. stone Bills and coping, at 30c. per ft 36.00 1,000 yards plastering principal, complete, at 28c. per yard 880.00 120 yards plastering ceiling of cellar, complete, at loc 13.00 4,763 ft. of timber, at $15 per M 71.4* HOUSE-PLAKS FOR fiVEBYBODY. 203 2 sills, 4x8 In. 38 ft. long. 68 beams, 3X8 in. 15 ft. long. 34 beams, 3x8 in. 8 ft. long. 4 beams, 3X7 in. 16 ft. long. 9 beams, 3x7 in. 19 ft. long, 4 girts, 4X6 in. 28 ft. long. 1 brace. 3X5 in. 30 ft. long. 100 rongh plank rafters, at 35c. each. 4 hips, 3x6 in. 14 ft. long. 1 deck tie, 3x8 in. 138 ft. long. 1 deck plate, 3x6 in. 188 ft. long. 1 main plate, 3x8 in. 139 ft. long. 1 tower plate, 3x8 In. 34 ft. long. 4 tower posts, 4X6 in. 14 ft. long. 1 piazza, 3X7 in. 220 ft. long. 25.00 360 wall strips, 2x4 in., 12 ft., at He. each 89.60 308 hemlock boards, 10 in. Xl3 ft., at 18c. each 55.44 250 mill-worked flooring boards, 9-in., atSOc. each 75.00 ISOfu.ringstrips, ixain., 13 ft., at5c. each 6.50 31 squares of tin, at $8.50 per square 268.50 16 windows, Ist story and tower, complete, at $16 each 256.00 12 cellar windows, complete, at $8 each 96.00 13 dormer windows, complete, at $20 each 260.00 Cornices, principal and deck 130.00 Piazza stoop and wing finish (except tin), complete 300.00 Finial on tower 8.00 Stairs, complete, $100.00 ; 38 doors, at $10 each, complete, $380 480.00 Finish in closets 25.00 Mantels and shelves (of marble) 100.00 Bange (with elevated oven and water back) 80.00 Plumbing and gas-pipes 220.00 Nails and anchors 27.10 Painting, $200; Cartage, $30 280.00 Carpenter's labor not included in the completed works 250.00 Inadentals 51.42 Total cost, complete $4,000.00 DESIGN XXXIV. COUNTRY EE8IDENCE COSTING $4,750. On the next page is a perspective view of a residence built for Dr. B. Clark, of "WasHngton, Pa., from special designs made by me in 1876. The style and general ar- rangements are similar to the one built for Dr. McClure, last described, with the addition of a side extension or office, and the completion of rooms in the basement for laundry purposes, and a laboratory. This Building is substantially constructed, and tastefully finished through- out. The bight of the ceilings in the first story are 12 feet, in the second 10 feet, and for the basement 8 feet. It has two heaters, four open grates, a range, complete apparatus in bath rooms, and distributing pipes for cold and hot water. The principal rooms are frescoed, aU others are kalsomined. A Eeservoir constructed in 204 HOUSE-PLAKS BOR EVEBtBODY. the rear part of the cellar, and provided with running spring water, is arranged as a receptacle for milk cans, and supplies the Fountain shown in the front lawn (this fountain, owing to the sloping surface of the grounds, is several feet below the foundations of the house) .... Dr. Clark moved into his new house during the first week in Fig. 149. — ^ELEVATION OF CO0NTBT KESIDENOE. February last, and writes with reference to it, that " all in all it is the most tasteful in outside appearance, con- venient, and economically constructed building in this section, and attracts a great deal of attention." The cost of this building, everything complete, was $4,750. HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVEKTBODT. 305 DESIGN XXXV. A HOUSE COSTING $4,000. These plans were designed for a suburban residence, to take the place of one recently destroyed by fire. The original structure was cubiform in outline, resembling a huge box ; with unbroken facades, and flat roof, destitute Fig. 150 — BLEVATIOiT OF FHONT OF HOTTSB. of beauty, and in strange contrast with the tasteful sur- roundings. The owner desired to use the old foundations, still in fair condition, without disturbing the grounds, underlying pipes, etc., and thus retain the nearly square ground plan, but a building with an '>xterior agreeing with the surroundiuTS. While the main object in pre- senting this design, is to show that the ground plans do not necessarily determine the style of exterior dress, its general arrangement and character will be found to de- serve favorable consideration .... Elevation, (fig. 150.) 206 HOUSE-PLAITB FOB EVBBTBODT. —There is a constant demand for " Mansard Koofs," aris- ing from an aspiration for structures signifying original- ity and progressiveness. The animated features of this style accord with actiyity, rather than of retirement, and adapt it to prominent situations, skirting the more public thoroughfares. The objections to such roofs result from their frequent misapplication. They are manifestly inap- propriate for retired or secluded situations, or for person? of purely domestic tastes. They also lose their identity and expressiveness when duplicated in close and continu- ous proximity, as is often done in towns. But this is true of any other style. Variety is the spice of archi- tecture Cel- lar, (fig. 151.) — Hight of 8 feet in clear. It has an outside Fig. 151.— PLAN OF CBLLAE. jgar eutrauce, is well lighted, and contains ample space for the furnace, and divisions for coal, vegetables, etc Pikst Stoet, (fig. 152.) — Hight of ceilings, 10 feet. The accommo- dations are conveniently arranged, and sufficient for a large family. The main entrance from the piazza is through large double doors and a vestibule. The Hall is central and spacious, communicating with the principal rooms, and rear entry, and contains the main stairs, which are unusually wide and easy. The Parlor and Library, divided by large sliding doors, can be used separately, or together as one spacious room when desired. The Din- ing-room and Kitchen adjoin, and have the necessary pantries, range, pump, sink, and stationary wash-tubs. HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVEETBODT. 207 with cold and hot water. A Conservatory is entered from the dining-room through double sash doors, adding a cheerful feature to this apartment, where the family spend much of their time. The rear may be reached from the dining-room in three ways — ^by the main hall and rear entry, or through the kitchen, or most pleasantly through the conservatory Second Stoby, (fig. 153.) — Hight of ceilings 9 feet. The divisions include a hall, four large chambers with closets to each, a front hall bed-room, and a bath-room. Each of the chambers has windows in two sides, giving opportunity for plentiful light and fresh air. The clear width of the room sec- tions, (5 yards each), favors the economical cut- ting of carpets. The main stairs are made con- tinuous to the attic story. The Bath-room is furnished with a bath-tub, wash- bowl, and seat- closet, and with ^'S- 152.-PLAjr of ipibst floor. cold and hot water Consteuction. — The founda- tions, stone-sills, area stoops, framing, inclosing, flooring, plastering, and painting, are similar to those described for Design XIII. Care should be taken in covering the roofs, as the materials used (wood, tin, and slate), are entirely foreign to each other, and can only be placed in contact, and indirectly united. The wood should be thor- oughly seasoned, to prevent a future disturbance of the exterior covering. All flashings along the sides of the dormers and other uprights should be 10 inches wide, and 208 HOTTSE-PLAN"S FOB EVEEYBODT. double painted before being used. The conservatory is not floored, but is filled in with earth level with the foun- dation walls. A walk is laid through the center, of V/^ X 4-inch slats, and the remaining space is devoted to plants. A furnace is placed in the cellar, with pipes to convey warm air to the principal rooms and halls of both stories, and to the conservatory. The pipes and register boxes for conveying warm air to the second story, are placed in ■ the chimneys 9M*gM^| I while building them. There are open fire-places in the principal rooms, with mar- ble mantles in the first story, and marble shelves in the chambers. Stuc- co cornices and centers, of ap- Fig. ISS.-PLAS oj BEooi™ FLOOR proprlate pat- terns, are put in the principal rooms and hall of the first story. A hall and stairway leading to the tower, is com- pleted in the Attic, the other portions of the third story are unfinished, but may be converted into pleasant rooms for school purposes, or chambers, as desired. Estimate, Cost of materials and labor : 114 yards excavation at 20 c. per yard $22.80 »4 perches stone-foundation, at $3.75 per percli 231.00 60 ft. bine-atone Bills, steps, and coping, at 28c. per ft 10.80 8,000 brick, furnished and laid, at $12 perTiI 93.00 1,000 yards plastering, at 28c. per yard 280.00 230 feet stucco cornices and centers, at 25c. per ft 57.60 8,305 ft. of timber, at $15 per M 124.67 2 girders, 4X8 in. 30 ft. long. 2 sills, 4x8 in. 30 ft. long. 2 sills, 4X8 in. 40 ft. long. 2 sills, 4x8 in. 2M ft. long. 2 sills, 4x8 in. 11 ft. long. 9 posts, 4xT 111. 23 ft. long. 2 posts, 4X7 in .32 ft long. 2 posts, 4X7 in. T2 ft. long. S posts, 4x6 in. 11 ft. long Ties. 4X6 in. S.'iOft. long. Plates. 4X6 in. 247 ft. long. Perlines, 3x8 in. 216 ft. long. 51 beams, 3x8 in. 26 ft. long. 15 beams, 3X8 in. 21 ft. long. 6T beams. 3vS in. 16 ft. long. 4 hips. 3X7 in. 14 ft. long. Piazza, 3x7 in. 176 ft, long. Piazza. 3x5 in. 86 ft. long. HOUSE-PLANS FOE EVEKTBODT. 209 6 locnat posts at 30c., $1.80 ; IBO joieta, at 16o., $24 $25.80 150 wall-strips, at lie. each 16 50 S20 sheathing, at 18c., $39.60; 500 lbs. tarred felting, $20 59.'60 40U clapboards, at liic. each 48 00 870 hemlock boards for roof, at 16c. each 59!20 14 squares slate, at $Si per square 119!oo 20 squares tin, at $7i per square 150 00 Cornice materials 89.62 835 pieces flooring l9-incli), at 18c. each 6o!30 Piazzas and porches, complete 16o!oO 9 cellar windows, complete, at $5 each 46!oO 24 plain windows, complete, at $12 each 28800 18 dormer windows, complete, at $16 each 288 00 Stairs, complete, $100 : 45 doors, complete, at $10, $450 660.00 Closets, $3U; nails, $20 60 00 3 marble mantles, $75 ; 4 marble shelyes, $25 100.00 Range and plumbing 260.00 Sky-light in conservatory 12.00 Furnace and pipes 150.00 carting, average 1 mile , 40.00 Carpenter's labor, not included above 300.60 Painting, $220; Incidentals, $80.31 300.31 Total cost, complete $4,000.00 DESIGN XXXVI. A FAEM HOUSE COSTING $5,000. The plans here given were originally designed for the residence of Mr. F. H. Johnston, Easton, Md. They wiU interest those desiring a good-sized, comfortable farm- house ExTEKiOE, (fig. 154). — The site in this case being midway between the highway and a water front, (facing a tributary of the Chesapeake,) made it desirable to have two main entrances, adapted to either approach, and indicated the position of the kitchen wing at the side. The Conservatory is in an angle facing the southeast. The Piazza and Eoof Projections are of ample breadth to give abundant shade, and proper effect. As a whole, the outlines are rounded and compact, indicating complete- ness and strength — always desirable features in buildings of this class Cellae, (fig. 155). — Hight of ceiling 8 feet. It has 13 windows, and outside and hatchway doors. Openings in the chimneys provide ventilation. The ceil- ings are plastered, to prevent the ascent of damp and 210 HOUSE-PLAKS FOB EVBBTBODT. unwholesome Tapors through the frame-'work of the house. FlEST Stoet, (fig. 156).— Hight of the ceilings in the main house, 11 ft. 4 in., and in the wing 9 ft. The main entrances lead from the piazzas, through large double doors, to the principal Hall, which is wide, and extends, unobstructed, through the house. The main stairs occupy the space at the right, T\hich is separated by an arch that preserTes the continuity of the hall ceil- Fig. 1S4. — ^ELBVATION OP PBONT OP HOUSE. ing. The ordinary or family entrance is by way of the passage, and is conTenient to all the parts of the house in daily use. A private stairway leads from the passage to the second story. The Parlor and Library are separated by sliding doors, and each has a bay and other windows. The Dining-room at the right is pleasantly arranged ; it may be entered from the main hall, or through the con- servatory, or by the passage, or through the butler's pan- try. Wide double sash-doors lead to the conservatory. House-plans tok everybody. 211 and single sash-doors open to the piazza through the pas- sage. The Kitchen has doors leading to the passage, hut- lei-'s pantry, cellar, and yard, and has three windows. It is provided with a range, pump, boiler, wash-tubs, and sink. The Butler's Pantry is spacious ; one end is dresser finished, with counter-shelf and doors above and below. A counter-shelf is also placed at the opposite end, with wash-tray and closet. The sides are shelved around, and have cleats and hooks Second Story, (fig. 1.57).— Eight of ceilings in the main house 10 feet ; in the wing 9 feet. The divisions embrace six rooms, six closets, and the required halls. The platform of the main stairs is rig. 155. — PLAN OP CELLAR. level with the second floor of the wing, and from it a door leads to the wing passage. The Bath-room has a bath-tub, wash-stand, and seat-closet, and a good-sized closet for towelling, etc. All closets have the usual shelv- ing and hooks. Each chamber has marble shelves and stucco trusses .... Attic. — The stairs leading to this story are above the main flight, inclosed with narrow ceiling, and have a door at the foot. There are two circular win- dows in each end gable, and one in each front. The whole is floored, but otherwise unfinished, to be used as jin open garret, . , . Constkuction, — The excavations are 213 HOUSE-PLANS FOR EVBKTBODT. 4 feet deep, and the loose earth thrown out is neatly graded around, leaTing three feet of the foundations exposed to sight. The foundations are of hard burned brick, 13 inches thick for the main house, and 8 inches for the wing and conservatory. Brick piers, 12 inches square, are built for the piazza supports. The first story frame- work is beam-filled with bricks, where they rest on the foundation. This prevents draughts of air from entering the house between the foundation and the frame, and J Fig 156. — ^PLAU OF FIBST FLOOB. also keeps mice out of the frame at this point — the latter is especially necessary along the lines of the main parti- tions. The chimneys are of hard brick, arranged with continuous flues from each fire-place to the top. Tin ■8-inch pipes, with the necessary elbows and register boxes, are inserted while building, to convey warm air from the cellar to the large chambers in the second story. The frame-work is constructed in the most thorough manner, of sound pine or spruce timber. The siding is of clear pine clapboard, laid oa sheathing felt. Cornices ^i SOUSl-PtAlTS FOE EVEfitBODf. 213 dressed pine. Principal roofing of cedar shingles. Piazza and bay window roofs of tin. Flooring of narrow yellow pine. The first and second stories are completed in every respect, ready for occupation. Each of the principal rooms and the main hall have stucco cornices and centers. Arches with neat ornamental corbels are built across each bay window, over the L adjoining the main hall, and at the entrance of the passage leading to the bed-room in the second story. All sashes are iy,-inch thick, and glazed with four lights in each pair. Blinds (outside) are properly hung and fastened to each window above the Fig. 157. — ^PLAN OP SECOND FLOOR. cellar. The conservatory is eubstantially constructed of light frame-work, with no superfluous dressing to obstruct the light, and glazed with plain, single-thick glass at the sides, and ribbed glass for the roof, has a narrow walk of slat-work leading from the dining-room door, and is ar- ranged to be heated in winter from a furnace in the cel- lar. All parts usually painted, have two coats of best paint, of color and materials selected by the owner. Estimate, cost of materials and labor : 268 yards excavation, at SOc. pfiryard 153.60 60,000 bricks, (furnished and laid,) at $12 per M 600.00 88 ft. bine stone sills, at 30c. per ft 26.40 1,300 yards plastering, at 28c. per yard 364.00 17p " " cellar ceiling, at 16c. per yard 28.00 330 ft. cornices, complete, at SOc. perfect 66.00 4 centers, complete, at $4^acli 16.00 J4,30D f t. of timber, at $14 per M 200.20 214 HOXJSE-PLAITS FOB EVBKTBODT. Sills, 4X10 in. 276 ft. long. Ties, 4X6 in. 490 ft. long. Plates, 4x8 in. 138 ft. long. Perlines, 4x9 in. 214 ft. long. Eidges, 3X» in. 67 ft. long. Bidges, 3X7 in. 20 ft. long. Gables, 4X6 in. 200 ft. long. 4 posts, 4X8 in. 26 ft. long. 8 posts, 4X8 in. 23 ft. long. 4 posts, 4X7 in. 13i ft. long. 2 posts, 4X7 in. 12 ft. long. 50 beams, 3x10 in. 19 ft. long. 8 beams, 4x10 in. 19 ft. long. 10 beams, 3X10 In. 18 ft. long. 1 beam, 4X10 in. 18 ft. long. 11 beams, 3x9 in. 18 ft. long. 28 beams, 3X9 in. 19 ft. long. 28 beams, 3X10 in. 10 ft. long. 14 beams, 3X9 in, 10 ft. long. 78 rafters, 3x6 In. 25 ft. long. 34 rafters, 3x5 in. 15 ft. long. Braces, 3X5 in. 240 ft. long. 175 joists, at 13c , $22.75 ; 400 wall strips, at lOc, $40 62.75 800 lbs. felt, at 4c.. $32 ; 800 siding, clapboards, lOc, $80 112.00 Cornice materials 120.00 500 rough roofing, at 14c. each 70.00 12,000 singles, at $10 per M 120.00 11 squares tin, at $9 per squar* 99.00 450ft. valleys, gutters, andleaders, at 10c 45.00 5,366 ft. flooring, at3o. per toot 160.98 13 cellar windows, complete, at $6 each 78.00 30 plain windows, complete, at $12 each 360.00 2 bay windows, complete, at $60 each 120.00 2 dormer windows, complete, at $20 each 40.00 4 stairs, complete 160.00 38doorB, complete, at$12 456.00 Piazza and stoops, ezclnsive of floors and roofing 250.00 Conservatory, complete 150.00 Mantles, complete 102.00 Pantry and closets, complete 75.00 Nails, $24 ; Carting, average 1 mile, $50 74.00 Bange and plumbing, complete 250,00 Carpenter's labor, not included above 450.00 Painting 272.00 Incidentals 29.07 Total cost, complete ....$5,000.00 DESIGN XXXVII. A HOUSE COSTING $7,000. The accompanying plans were designed for a suburban residence erected during the past year by Mr. Bernhard GreefE, at College Point, Long Island, N. Y. The general outlines were determined with especial reference to the location — which is elevated, overlooking the East River to the north and west. Flushing bay, and the village to the south, and with an eastward frontage to the street, giving pleasant views in all directions. With these points fixed, it is easy to see ■ the propriety of placing a broad side to the bleak or northern exposure, and putting such breaks or angles as are required in the more sheltered HOUSE-PLANS BOB EVEBtBoDt. m directions Exteeiok, (fig. 158.)— The style of this example is homelike, and shows to the best advantage when placed in comparison with those of more fanciful design. Sufficient irregularities are made in angles and projections to give variety. The details shown in the front finish are continued around the sides and rear. The Fig. 158.— BLIIVATION OF FRONT OF HOUSB. hight of the rear wing is one story less than the main house. While the appearance of this house is agreeable on every side, the most pleasing is from the southerly di- rection Cellar, (fig. 159.) — Hight of ceiling 7 feet, of which 4 feet are above ground. All parts are well lighted with windows, except the hall, which has a sash- 216 SotrsE-pl/AKs ton eveeybody. door with iron guard. The Laundry has an open stair- way to the kitchen, and is provided with wash-tubs. A water-closet is placed under the stair. A furnace is placed in the northern division of the cellar, with pipes for conducting warm air to each room and hall in the two stories of the main house, and to the bath-room First Stobt, (flg. 160.) — Hight of ceilings in main house 11 feet; in rear wing 8 feet 5 inches. The Front Entrance is through a ves- tibule leading to the main haU. The Hall is large, contains the principal stairs, with a closet under them, and com- municates with the parlor, sit- ting-room, and rear entry. The Sitting or Fam- ■ ■ " " ily-room is ar- pleasantest apartment, has double windows front and rear, (the rear ones opening to the floor), and a large bay- window giving an outlook in three directions. Each of the principal rooms has grates for open fires, side registers leading from the furnace, and marble mantles. The Bear Entry communicates with the several apartments, and the rear piazza. The Kitchen has an elevated range, boiler, sink, drain-board, two closets, and enclosed stairways leading down to the laundry, and up to the second storyj HOtrsE-PLAKS FOE EVERYBODY. 217 it communicates with the dining-room through the but- ler's pantry, the latter is "dresser-finished" with sash- doors, ;| and reliable treatise on the saving of the seed, raising of the plants, selection and preparation of the soil, planting, cultiva- tion, manuring, cutting, bunching, packing, marketing, canning and drying, insect enemies, fungous diseases and every re- quirement to successful asparagus culture, special emphasis be- ing given to the importance of asparagus as a farm and money crop. Illustrated. 174 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. . $0.50 The New Onion Culture By T. Grkiner. Rewritten, greatly enlarged and brought up to date. A new method of growing onions of largest size and yield, on less land, than can be raised By the old plan. Thousands of farmers and gardeners and many experiment stations have given it practical trials which have proved a success. A complete guide in growing onions with the great- est profit, explaining the whys and wherefores. Illustrated 5x7 inches. 140 pages. Qoth $0.50 The New Rhubarb Culture A complete guide to dark forcing and field culture. Part I — By J. E. Morse, the well-known Michigan trucker and originator of the now famous and extremely profitable new methods of dark forcing and field culture. Part II — Com- piled by G. B. FiSKE. Other methods practiced by the most experienced market gardeners, greenhouse men and experi- menters in all parts of America. Illustratea. 130 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth $0.50 (7) Alfalfa By F. D. CoBtfR]^. Its growth, Uses, and feeding value. The fact that alfalfa thrives in almost any soil; that without reseeding, it goes on yielding two, three, four, and sometimes five cuttings annually for five, ten, or perhaps loo years; and that either green or cured it is one of the most nutritious forage plants known, makes reliable information upon its pro- duction and uses of unusual interest. Such information is given in this volume for every part of America, by the highest authority. Illustrated. 164 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. $0.50 Ginseng, Its Cultivation, Harvesting, Marketing and Market Value By Maurice G. Kains, with a short account of its history and botany. It discusses in a practical way how to begin with either seeds or roots, soil, climate and location, preparation planting and maintenance of the beds, artificial propagation, manures, enemies, selection for market and for improvement, preparation for sale, and the profits that may be expected. This booklet is concisely written, well and profusely illus- trated, and should be in the hands of all who expect to grow this drug to supply the export trade, and to add a new and profitable industry to their farms and gardens, without inter- fering with the regular work. New edition. Revised and en- larged. Illustrated. 5x7 inches. Cloth $0.50 Landscape Gardening By F. A. Waugh, professor of horticulture, university of Vermont. A treatise on the general principles governing outdoor art; with sundry suggestions for their application in the commoner problems of gardening. Every paragraph is short, terse and to the point, giving perfect clearness to the discussions at all points. In spite of the natural difficulty of presenting abstract principles the whole matter is made entirely plain even to the inexperienced reader. Illustrated. 152 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth $0.50 Hedges, Windbreaks, Shelters and Live Fences By E. P. Powell. A treatise on the planting, growth and management of hedge plants for country and suburban homes. It gives accurate directions concerning hedges; how to plant and how to treat them; and especially concerning windbreaks and shelters. It includes the whole art of making a delightful home, giving directions for nooks and balconies, for bird culture and for human comfort. Illustrated. 140 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth $0.50 (8). Farm Grasses of the United States of America By William Jasper Spillman. A practical treatise on the grass crop, seeding and management of meadows and pastures, description of the best varieties, the seed and its impurities, grasses for special conditions, lawns and lawn grasses, etc., etc. In preparing this volume the author's object has been to present, in connected form, the main facts con- cerning the grasses grown on American farms. Every phase of the subject is viewed from the farmer's standpoint. Illus- trated. 248 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth $1.0 The Book of Corn By Herbert Myrick, assisted by A. D. Shambia, E. A, BurStett, Albert W. Fulton, B. W. Snow, and other most capable specialists. A complete treatise on the culture, mar- keting and uses of maize in America and elsewhere for farmers, dealers and others. Illustrated. 372 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth $1.50 The Hop — Its Culture and Care, Marketing and Manufacture By Herbert Myrick. A practical handbook on the rnost approved methods in groiying, harvesting, curing and selling hops, and on the use aiid manufacture of hops. The result o£ years of research and observation, it is a volume destined to be an authority on this crop for many years to come. It takes up every detail from preparing the soil and laying out the yard, to curing and selling the crop. Every line represents the ripest judgment and experience of experts. Size, 5x8; pages, 300; illustrations, nearly 150; bound in cloth and gold; price, postpaid. $1.50 Tobacco Leaf By J. B. KiLLEBREW and Herbert Myrick. Its Culture and Cure, Marketing and Manufacture. A practical handbook on the most approved methods in growing, harvesting, curing, packing and selling tobacco, with an account of the opera- tions in every department of tobacco manufacture. The contents of this book are based on actual experiments in field, curing barn, packing house, factory and laboratory. It is the only work of the kind in existence, and is destined to be the standard practical and scientific authority on the whole sub- ject o.f tobacco for many years. 506 pages and 150 original engravings. 5x7 inches. Cloth. ..,,... $2.00 f9) Bulbs and Tuberous-Rooted Plants By C. L. Allen. A complete treatise on the history, description, methods of propagation and full directions for the successful culture of bulbs in the garden, dwelling and greenhouse. The author of this book has for many years made bulb growing a specialty, and is a recognized authority on their cultivation and management. The cultural direc- tions are plainly stated, practical and to the point. The illustrations which embellish this work have been drawn from nature and have been engraved especially for this book. 312 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth $1.50 Fumigation Methods By Willis G. Johnson. A timely up-to-date book oc the practical application of the new methods for destroying insects with hydrocyanic acid gas and carbon bisulphid, the most powerful insecticides ever discovered. It is an indis- pensable book for farmers, fruit growers, nurserymen, gardeners, florists, millers, grain dealers, transportation com- panies, college and experiment station workers, etc. Illus- trated. 313 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. . . , . . $i.ao Diseases of Swine By Dr. R. A. Craig, Professor of Veterinary Medicine at the Purdue University. A concise, practical and popular guide to the prevention and treatment of the diseases of swine. With the discussions on each disease are given its causes, symptoms, treatment and means of prevention. Every part of the book impresses the reader with the fact that its writer is thor- oughly and practically familiar with all the details upon which he treats. All technical and strictly scientific terms are avoided, so far as feasible, thus making the work at once available to the practical stock raiser as well as to the teacher and student. Illustrated. Sx7inches. 190 pages. Cloth. $0.75 Spraying Crops — Why, When and How By Clarence M. Weed, D.Sc. The present fourth edition has been rewritten and set throughout to bring it thoroughly up to date, so that it embodies the latest practical information gleaned by fruit growers and experiment station workers. So much new information has come to light since the third edi- tion was published that this is practically a new book, needed by those who have utilized the earlier editions, as well as by fruit growers and farmers generally. Illustrated. 136 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. $0.50 (10) Successful Fruit Culture By Samuel T. Maynard. A practical guide to the culti- vation and propagation of Fruits, written from the standpoint of the practical fruit grower who is striving to make his business profitable by growing the best fruit possible and at the least cost. It is up-to-date in every particular, and covers the entire practice of fruit culture, harvesting, storing, mar- keting, forcing, best varieties, etc., etc. It deals with principles first and with the practice afterwards, as the foundation, prin- ciples of plant growth and nourishment must always remain the same^ vvhile practice will vary according to the fruit grower's immediate conditions and environments. Illustrated; 265 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth $1.00 Plums and Plum Culture By F. A. Waugh. A complete manual for fruit growers, nurserymen, farmers and gardeners, on all known varieties of plums and their successful management. This book marks an epoch in the horticultural literature of America. It is a complete monograph of the plums cultivated in and indigenous to North America. It will be found indispensable to the scientist seeking the most recent and authoritative informa- tion concerning this group, to the nurseryman who wishes to handle his varieties accurately and intelligently, and to the cultivator who would like to grow plums successfully. Illus- trated. 391 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. . . . . . $1.50 Fruit Harvesting, Storing, Marketing By F. A. Waugh. A practical guide to the picking, stor- ing, shipping and marketing of fruit. The principal subjects covered are the fruit market, fruit picking, sorting and pack- ing, the fruit' storage, evaporation, canning, statistics of the fruit trade, fruit package laws, commission dealers and deal- ing, cold storage, etc., etc. No progressive fruit grower can afford to be without this most valuable book. Illustrated. 232 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth $1.00 Systematic Pomology By F. A. Waugh, professor of horticulture and landscape gardening in the Massachusetts agricultural college, formerly of the university of Vermont. This is the first book in the English language which has ever made the attempt at a com- plete and comprehensive treatment of systematic pomology. It presents clearly and in detail the whole method by which fruits are studied. The book is suitably illustrated. 288 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth $1.00 (11) Feeding Farm Animals By Professor Thomas Shaw. This book is intended alike for the student and the farmer. The author has succeeded in giving in regular and orderly sequence, and in language so simple that a child can understand it, the principles that govern the science and practice of feeding farm animals. Professor Shaw is certainly to be congratulated on the successful man- ner in which he has accomplished a most difficult task. His book is unquestionably the most practical work which has ap- peared on the subject of feeding farm animals. Illustrated. Syi X 8 inches. Upward of 500 pages. Cloth. . . . $2.00 Profitable Dairying By C. L. Peck. A practical guide to successful dairy man- agement. The treatment of the entire subject is thoroughly practical, being principally a description of the methods prac- ticed by the author. A specially valuable part of this book consists of a minute description of the far-famed model dairy farm of Rev. J. D. Detrich, near Philadelphia, Pa. On the farm of fifteen acres, which twenty years ago could not main- tain one horse and two cows, there are now kept twenty-seven dairy cattle, in addition to two horses. All the roughage, litter, bedding, etc., necessary for these animals are grown on these fifteen acres, more than most farmers could accomplish on one hundred acres. Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 200 pages. Cloth $0.75 Practical Dairy Bacteriology By Dr. H. W. Conn, of Wesleyan University. A complete exposition of important facts concerning the relation of bac- teria to various problems related to milk. A book for the classroom, laboratory, factory and farm. Equally useful to the teacher, student, factory man and practical dairyman. Fully illustrated with 83 original pictures. 340 pages. Cloth. 5J^ X 8 inches $1.25 Modern Methods of Testing Milk and Milk Products By L. L. VanSlyke. This is a clear and concise discussion of the approved methods of testing milk and milk products. All the questions involved in the various methods of testing milk and cream are handled with rare skill and yet in so plain a manner that they can be fully understood by all. The book should be in the hands of every dairyman, teacher or student. Illustrated. 214 pages. 5x7 inches $0.75 (13,)