CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell Unlvtralty Library F 545 M391889 olln 3 1924 028 804 701 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924028804701 PIERRE MENARD, PIERRE-MENARD PAPERS, NOEL LE VASSEUR, LISTS OF EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 31. PIERRE MENARD, PIERRE-MENARD PAPERS, HISTORICAL SKETCH AND NOTES BY EDWARD GAY MASON, President of the Chicago Historical Society. NOEL LE VASSEUR, BY STEPHEN R. MOORE. LISTS OF EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS, INTRODUCTION BY EDWARD GAY MASON. REPRINTED FROM Vol. IV, Chicago Historical Society's Collections: "Early Chicago and Illinois." CHICAGO: FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY. m 1890. EARLY ILLINOIS. PIERRE MENARD, THE FIRST LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS. By Edward G. Mason of Chicago. PIERRE MENARD was born Oct. 7, 1766, at Saint Antoine upon the river Chambly or Richelieu, in the Province of Quebec, in Lower Canada. The historians of Illinois who mention him have uniformly described him as a native of the City of Quebec, born in 1767? But these statements are shown to be erroneous by the register of his baptism, still preserved in the parish church of Saint Antoine, which states that in 1766, on October 8, was baptized Pierre, born the day before of the legitimate marriage of Jean Baptiste Menard, called Brindamour, and Marie Franchise Cire6, called St. Michel? And the ante-nuptial contract between Pierre Menard and Therese Godin, found among his papers? as well as the register of their marriage in the Church of the Im- maculate Conception at Kaskaskia, 111* both signed by him, alike describe him as a native of Saint Antoine, in Canada. The village and parish of Saint Antoine are situated x Reynolds' " Pioneer History of Illinois, " page 242; Montague's "Directory and Historical Sketches of Randolph County," p. 38; "History of Randolph, Monroe, and Perry Counties, Illinois," p. 306; Davidson & Stmt's "His- tory of Illinois, " p. 297. 8 Parish Register of Saint Antoine de Richelieu, October 8, 1766. 3 Original contract in Chicago Historical Society's possession. 4 Parish Register of Church of Immaculate Conception, Kaskaskia, Illi- nois, June 13, 1792. 2 17 1 8 EARLY ILLINOIS. •r in the Seignory of Contrecoeur and County of Vercheres, thirty-five miles from the City of Montreal, upon the north shore of the river Richelieu, and the place is usually known as Saint Antoine de Richelieu? This river, taking its name from the fort at its mouth, called after the famous cardinal, was also known as the Sorel, from M. de Sorel, who commanded at that fort? and as the Cham- bly, from M. de Chambly, who was once in command of a fort built at the foot of the rapids on this stream. It has also been called the St. Louis and the St. John? Pierre Menard's father, Jean Baptiste Menard, called Brindamour, was the son of Jean Baptiste Menard and Madeleine Reboulla, who were of the parish of Saint Hypolite in the diocese of Alis? This diocese was prob- ably that of Alais, in France, founded in 1694, and in the Province of Narbonne, in Southern France? There is a village of St. Hypolite in this diocese, in the modern Department of Gard, which probably was the birth-place of Pierre Menard's father, who described himself as a native of Languedoc, in France, the ancient name of that region. 6 The younger Jean Baptiste was born in 1735, and was in the French service as a soldier 'in the regiment of Guienne. On February 14, 1763, when he was twenty-eight years old, he was married at Saint Antoine to Marie Fran,§oise Ciree\ then twenty-two years of age, daughter of Jean Baptiste Cire^, called Saint Michel, and of Marguerite Bonin of that parish. Of this marriage were born five sons, the two elder at Saint Antoine, Jean Marie on April 2, 1765, and Pierre on October 7, 1766. The three younger sons were born at 1 Bouchette's "Topographical Dictionary of Lower Canada," article St. Antoine. 2 Charlevoix's "History of New France," (Shea), III, 83. 8 Bouchette's " Topographical Dictionary, " article Richelieu. 4 Parish Register of Saint Antoine, February 14, 1763. B Letter of John Gilmary Shea, February 2, 1889. 6 Letter of Mrs. Augustine Menard, February 5, 1889. PIERRE MENARD. 19 St. Denis de Richeiieu ou Chambly, opposite Saint An- toine, on the other side of the river Richelieu, to which place their parents had removed. Their names and dates of birth were: Hypolite on January 8, 1770, Michel on January 11, 1772, and Jean Francois on January 26, 1775? The family subsequently resided at Montreal, and at St. Philippe, LaTortue, and La Prairie, places in the neigh- borhood of that city? Jean Baptiste Menard was in several engagements, and is said to have taken part in the campaign about Fort DuQuesne. When the war of the Revolution broke out, he joined the American forces and fought under Montgomery at Quebec? It was from Montreal that the young Pierre Menard went forth to seek his fortune, and found his way to Vin- cennes certainly as early as 1788. A letter to him from his father, addressed to Mr. Pierre Menard, clerk for Mr. Vigo at "Poste Vinsene," is indorsed by him as received April 28, 1788; and a letter from his mother, dated at Montreal, June 9, 1789, refers to a letter from him of July 6 of the year before. The mother's letter is addressed to "Mr. Pierre Menard, called Brindamour, at the house of Mr. Vigo at Poste de Vinsenne." 4 These epistles and others from his parents, treasured by him to his death, breathe a spirit of the tenderest affection for the absent son, and those of his mother, especially, show the writer to have been a person of superior intelligence and educa- tion. She died at LaPrairie, a village on the south shore of the river St. Lawrence, nine miles from Montreal, Sep- tember 19, 1807? Pierre Menard, while living at Vincennes in 1789, accom- panied Francois Vigo across the Alleghany Mountains 1 Parish Register of Saint Antoine. 2 Letters from Pierre Menard's parents in Chicago Historical Society's possession. ' s Reynolds' "Pioneer History of Illinois," p. 242; letter of Mrs. Augus- tine Menard, Feb. 5, 1889. 4 Letters ut supra. 6 Ibid. 20 EARLY ILLINOIS. to Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where they had an interview with President Washington in relation to the defence of the Western frontier.* He subsequently removed from Vincennes to Kaskaskia, where he was married, June 13, 1792, to Miss Therese Godin, then nineteen years of age, daughter of Michel Godin, called Tourangeau, and Therese St. Gemme Beauvais.f The civil contract relating to their property matters was entered into the same day' before Mr. Carbonneaux, the notary-public of the County of St. Clair in the country of the Illinois; and the original document, preserved among his papers, is an interesting instance of the late existence of French law and custom in this region. The marriage ceremony was performed at the church of the Immaculate Con- ception at Kaskaskia, by the Rev. Father Saint Pierre. Among the witnesses were Gen. John Edgar and his wife Rachel Edgar, William St. Clair and his wife Jane St. Clair, and William Morrisson, all well-known names in the early history of the Illinois Territory. Mrs. Therese Godin Menard died in 1804, leaving four children. On Sept. 22, 1806, Pierre Menard was married the sec- ond time, at Kaskaskia, in the same church, to Angelique Saucier, daughter of Francois Saucier and Angelique La Pensee\ and granddaughter of Frangois Saucier, once a French officer at Fort Chartres, who resigned and settled in the Illinois country. The ceremony was performed by Donatien Ollivier, the priest of the parish. J Mrs. An- gelique Saucier Menard was born at Portage des Sioux, March 4, 1783, and died February 12, 1839, leaving six children, and was buried in the Menard burial-ground at Kaskaskia.§ During his long life in Illinois, Pierre Menard held * Letters ut supra. + Parish Register, Kaskaskia, June 13, 1792. X Parish Register, Kaskaskia, September 22, 1806. § Letter of Mrs. Augustine Menard, November 25, 1888. PIERRE MENARD. 21 many positions of trust and honor, among which were the following: October 5, 1795, he was commissioned a major of the first regiment of militia of Randolph County by Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory; August 1, 1800, he was again commissioned to the same office by John Gibson, acting-governor of the Indiana Territory; February 5, 1801, he was appointed one of the judges of the court of common pleas of Randolph County by William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory; September 24, 1802, he and John Edgar were associated by the same governor with John Griffin, one of the judges of the territorial supreme court, on a com- mission of inquiry concerning crimes in the Territory; December 14, 1805, he was appointed by the commis- sioners of the land-office for the district of Vincennes, a commissioner to take depositions and examine witnesses within the county of Randolph; December 27, 1805, he was again appointed by Gov. Harrison one of the judges of the court of common pleas for Randolph County; July 12, 1806, Gov. Harrison appointed him lieutenant- colonel commandant of the first regiment' of militia of Randolph County, a position formerly held by John Edgar; April 1, 1809, Meriwether Lewis, governor of the territory of Louisiana, appointed him captain of infantry in a detachment of militia on special service; May 6th, 1809, Nathaniel Pope, secretary of the Illinois Territory and acting governor, again appointed him lieutenant- colonel of the first regiment of Randolph County militia; April 2, 1813, he was made United States sub-agent of Indian affairs by John Armstrong, secretary of war; and on May 24, 1828, he and Lewis Cass were appointed commissioners to make treaties with the Indians of the Northwest by John Quincy Adams, president of the United States.* Of his territorial and state offices, and * Original commissions in possession of the Chicago Historical Society. 22 EARLY ILLINOIS. public services, and of his life and character, an interest- ing account will be found in the address of Hon. Henry S. Baker, delivered at the unveiling of the statue of Pierre Menard at Springfield, 111.* Two of Pierre Menard's brothers, Hypolite and Jean Francois, followed him to Illinois and settled at Kaskas- kia. The former was a successful farmer, and the other a famous navigator of the Mississippi. Both led useful and honored lives, lived to an advanced age, and both rest near their brother Pierre in the old cemetery at Kas- kaskia.f A nephew, also, Michel Menard, having as well the family patronymic of Brindamour, who was born at LaPrairie, December 5, 1805, made his way to Illinois at the age of eighteen. For several years he was employed by his uncle Pierre in trading with the -Indians. He obtained great influence among them, and was elected chief of the Shawnees. It is said that he almost suc- ceeded in uniting the tribes of the Northwest into one great nation, of which he would have been king. In 1833, Michel went to Texas, was a member of the con- vention which declared its independence, and of its con- gress. A league of land was granted to him, including most of the site of the City of Galveston, which he founded, and where he died in 1856. It is related that the Indians said of him, as of his uncle Pierre, whom in many respects he resembled, "Menard never deceived us."J Pierre Menard died at the good old age of seventy- seven years and eight months, on June 13, 1844, and was buried, June 14, 1844, in a vault prepared under his own supervision in the graveyard of the Church of the Im- maculate Conception, at Kaskaskia. And the parish * Vol. IV, Chicago Historical Society's Collections. t Reynolds' " Pioneer History of Illinois, " 2d ed. , p. 294. t "Appleton's Cyclopaedia Biography," IV, 295. PIERRE MENARD. 23 burial-record says: "Thither, he was accompanied by an immense concourse of people."* His children by his first wife were: 1. Odile Menard, born at Kaskaskia in 1793; married in 181 1 to Hugh H. Maxwell, a native of Ireland, deceased in 1832. She died October 8, 1862. They had twelve children; of whom two are living. Col. L. Maxwell of New Mexico, known in connection with the "Maxwell land-grant," was their son. 2. Peter Menard, born at Kaskaskia in 1797, married first Caroline Stillman, in 1830, at Peoria, where she died in 1847; an d second, Emily Briggs, at Tremont, 111., in 1850; she is still living with two children. He died in Tremont, November 30, 187 1. 3. Berenice Menard, born at Kaskaskia in 1801, mar- ried in 18 19 to Francois C. Chouteau, deceased in 1836. She died at Kansas City, Mo., November 19, 1888, at the age of eighty-seven years, leaving grandchildren, but no children surviving her. 4. Alzira Menard, born at Kaskaskia in 1802; married in 1824 to George H. Kennedy; and died at Carondelet, Mo., in 1885, leaving five children. His children by his second wife were: 1. Francois P. Menard, born at Kaskaskia in 1809, and died in January, 183 1. 2. Edmond Menard, born at Kaskaskia, February 8, 1813, educated at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmetsburg, Maryland, and died at Kaskaskia in July, 1884. 3. Matthew Saucier Menard, born at Kaskaskia, April 22, 1817; married at Ste. Genevieve, Mo., to Constance Detchemendy; and died September 29, 1832, at St. Louis, Mo., leaving no children. 4. Louis Cyprien Menard, born March 2, 1819; edu- cated at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmetsburg, Mary- * Parish Register, Kaskaskia, June 14, 1844. 24 EARLY ILLINOIS. land, and admitted to the bar at St. Louis, Mo., in 1843. He was married Oct. 15, 1845, to Augustine Ste. Gemme, and died June 2, 1870, leaving his widow and six children. 5. Am^dee Menard, born in 1820, and died in 1844 at Peoria, 111. 6. Sophie A., born November 13, 1822; married, in July, 1843, to John D. Radford of St. Louis, deceased in 1868. She died June 22, 1848, and none of her children survive. Or! ''/■/<>/,: WtHontfo'/. ) ■ : -'■■~^J ■■l: xs / Y?ks?%ev'tsC PIERRE MENARD PAPERS. From the originals in the possession of the Chicago Historical Society. Ante -Nuptial Contract between Pierre Menard and Miss Therese Godin, called Tourangeau, June 13, 1792: (Translated from the French. ) BEFORE the Notary Public of the County of St. Clair in the country of the Illinois. The undersigned, residing in the parish of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady of the Kaskaskias, the place of meeting, and the undersigned witnesses were present. In person Mr. Pierre Menard, bachelor, having attained his majority, legitimate son of ,Mr. Jean Baptiste Menard, called Brindamour, and of Dame Marie Francoise Ciree Saint Michel, his father and mother, native of the Parish of Saint Antoine upon the river Chambli, Province of the holy diocese of Quebec in Canada, a trading merchant living in the said Parish of Kaskaskia, agreeing for himself and in his own name for one part. And Miss Therese Godin, called Tourangeau, daughter of the late Mr. Michel Godin, called Tourangeau, and of Dame Thesese Ste. Genie Beauvais, her father and mother, living in this before-mentioned parish of the Kaskaskias. The said Dame Therese Ste. Geme Beauvais agreeing, for the said Miss Theresa, her daughter, aged nineteen years, in her name and with her consent for the second part. Which parties, to wit, on the part of the said Mr. Pierre Menard, Mr. Francois Janis, Esquire, Captain of a Com- pany of Citizen militia of this parish, Messrs. Pierre Bon- neau, and Pierre Latulippe his witnesses and friends: And on the part of the said Miss Therese Godin Tour- 25 26 EARLY ILLINOIS. angeau, Dame Therese Ste. Geme Beauvais, her mother; Charles Danis, her maternal uncle, as having married, the late Miss Ursule Ste. G£me Beauvais ; Nicholas Canada, her maternal uncle, as having married Miss Marie Helene Ste. Geme Beauvais; Ambroise Dagne, Tier cousin; Jean Baptiste Cailliot Lachanse; all her relatives and friends, which parties by the advice and consent of their relatives and friends herein named having knowledge of it, have agreed to have made between them the agreement and articles of marriage as follows, to wit : The said Dame Therese Ste. G£me Beauvais promises to give and deliver the said Miss Theresa Godin, her daugh- ter, with her consent, to the said Mr. Pierre Menard who promises to take her for his true and lawful wife and to cause to be celebrated and solemnized the marriage in the presence of our holy mother Church Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman, the rather that doing so would be what one of the parties would require of the other. For to be, the said future husband and wife, one and the same in all property personal and real increase and acqui- sitions, present and future, without being held for the debtb, the one for the other, made and incurred before the celebration of the said marriage, and if any are found, they shall be paid and discharged by him or her who shall have made and incurred them and from his own property without the other or his goods being at all held for the same. The said future husband and wife take each other with their goods and rights actually belonging to each, such as have come to them through inheritances or as gifts and those that may fall due in the future in whatever sum they may amount, and of whatever nature and value they may be, and in whatever place they may be found located, which shall become wholly in common from the day of the marriage ceremony. PIERRE MENARD PAPERS. 27 In consideration of which marriage the said future hus- band has endowed and does endow the said future wife, with a thousand livres of fixed dower paid at one time to have and to take out of all the property of the said future husband without being held to make demand for it in court, to be enjoyed by the said future wife and her chil- dren, according to the custom of Paris. The marriage-settlement provision shall be equal and reciprocal to the survivor of them to the amount of five hundred livres to be taken by the said survivor in per- sonal property from their common stock, or the said sum in full in cash at the choice or option of the said survivor. It shall be lawful for the said future wife, the said future husband happening .to be the first to die, herself and her children to renounce the present community of goods, and of it to retake and hold in renouncing it all she will be able to prove she has contributed to it, with her dower and marriage settlement provision such as it is hereinbefore written free from all the debts of the common stock except if she was bound for any of them, or had been impleaded or adjudged to pay any of them, in which case she and her children shall be indemnified by the parents of the said future husband, and out of his property. In consideration of which marriage and for the good true affection which the said future partners feel the one for the other, they have made and do make by these pres- ents free gift pure and simple and for ever irrevocable, and in the most binding form in which a gift can be made to the last survivor of them, all and ever their property real and personal increase and acquisitions which the first one dying shall leave at the day and hour of decease to enjoy by the last survivor in full property, and as to whatever belongs to that one this present deed of gift is thus made for life and upon the understanding that there is no living child born or to be born of the said marriage; in which 28 EARLY ILLINOIS. case of a child the said deed or gift will be wholly null, it being well understood that the property of the patrimonial inheritance of the one and the other shall return to their family. And in order to place on record these presents at the registry of this district in the aforesaid place at the date of these presents, they have constituted their procurator the bearer of these presents. For thus it has been agreed upon. Promising, etc., undertaking, etc., renouncing, etc. Done and decided in the house of the said Dame Therese Ste. Geme Beauvais, widow of the late Michel Godin Tou- rangeau at the said Kaskaskias, the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and the thirteenth day of the month of June, in the afternoon; the sixteenth year of the Independence of the United States of America, in the presence of the relations and of friends of whom some have signed with the future husband and wife and we the notary have subscribed and the others have made their ordinary mark, after reading made according to the ordinance. (Two witnesses in the margin are approved.) Francois Janis. Nicolas * Canada. mark J. Bte. * Lachanse. mark Pierre Menard. Therreuese Godin, ve Godin. Pierre " Bonneau. mark Pierre x Latulippe. mark Ambroise x s Dagnet. mark ' PIERRE MENARD PAPERS. ' 29 Pierre Menard's Commissions as Major of Militia: Territory of the United States ) Arthur St. Clair Esquire Northwest the River Ohio j Governor and Com- mander in Chief of the Territory of the United States North West the River Ohio. To Peter Menard Esquire: You being appointed Major in the first Regiment of Militia of the County of Randolph by Virtue of the Power Vested in me I do by these presents Reposing Special Trust and Confidence in your Loyalty Courage and good Conduct, Commission You Accordingly. You are there- fore carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of a Major — in leading — ordering and exercising Said Militia in Arms both Inferiour Officers and Soldiers and to keep them in Good order and discipline. And they are hereby Commanded to Obey you as their Major — and you your- selfe to observe and follow Such Orders and Instructions as you Shall from time to time receive from me or your Superiour Officers. pc ,-, Given under my hand and the Seal of the Said Territory of the United States this fifth day of October in the year of our Lord one thous seven hundred and ninety-five and of the Independence of the United States the twentieth. Ar. St. Clair. [Endorsed:] Before me John Edgar Leut. Colonel Com- mandant of the first Regt. of Militia of the County of Randolph by Virtue of a Dedimus Potestatem to me and Lordner Clark directed or either of us Personly appeared Peter Menard who being duly Sworn did take the oaths prescribed by an Act of the United States entitled an Act to regulate the time and maner of administring certain Oaths and the Oath of Office. In Witness Whereof I have hereunto set my hand at Kaskaskias the 25 day of Octr. 1792. 30 EARLY ILLINOIS. By John Gibson, Esq'r, Secretary and now acting as Gov- ernor and Commander in Chief of the Indiana Territory : United States, \ To Peter Menard, Esq'r, of the County Indiana Territory. J of Randolph, Greeting: — You being Appointed a Major of a Regiment of the Militia in said County. By Virtue of the power Vested in me; I do by these presents, (reposing special Trust and Confidence in your Loyalty; Courage and Good Conduct) Commission you accordingly; You are therefore carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of a Major .in leading, ordering, and exercising said Regiment in Arms, both inferior officers and Soldiers; and to keep them in good order and discipline; And they are hereby commanded to obey you as their Major. And you are yourself to observe and follow such orders and Instructions as you shall from time to time receive from me or your Superior Officers: — Given under my hand and the seal of said Terri- L J tory, the first day of August in the Year of our Lord one Thousand Eight hundred and of the Inde- pendence of the United States of America, the Twenty- fifth. Jjsro. Gibson. [Endorsed:] Peter Menard, Esq'r, Major. Before me, John Edgar, Lieut'-Colonel, Commandant of the First Regiment of Militia of the County of Randolph, by Virtue of a Dedimus Potestatem to me directed Person- ally appeared Peter Menard who, being duly sworn, did take the Oath prescribed by an Act of the United States entituled an Act to regulate the time & manner of admin- istering certain Oaths & the Oath of Office. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this Tenth day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred. J. Edgar. PIERRE MENARD PAPERS. 3r Pierre Menard's Commission as Judge of the Courts of Randolph County: William Henry Harrison, Esq., Governor and Commander in Chief of Indiana Territory, J To Peter Menard, Esquire, of the y ' { County of Randolph sends Greeting: Know you that reposing Especial trust and confidence in your abilities, integrity and judgement, I, the said William Henry Harrison have appointed, and do by these presents appoint and commission you, the said PETER MENARD, to- be one of our Judges of the court of common pleas, in and for our said County, hereby giving and granting unto you full right and title to have and Execute all and singu- lar the powers, Jurisdictions and authorities, and to recieve and enjoy all and singular the Emoluments, of a Judge of the court of common pleas, of a Judge of the Orphans Court, and of a Justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the peace in and for the county aforesaid agreeably to the constitution of the laws of this Territory to have and to hold this commission and the office hereby granted to you so long as you shall behave yourself well. Given under my hand and the seal of the Ter- rSeall L J ritory at Vincennes this fifth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and one and of the Independence of the United States the twenty fifth. By The Governor, Jnq. Gibson, Secretary. [Endorsed:] Commission Peter Menard, Esq. Pierre Menard and John Edgar's Commissions as Associate Judges Criminal Court, Randolph Co.: Indiana \ William Henry Harrison Esquire, Goy- Territory J " ernor and Commander in Chief of the Indiana Territory, to John Edgar and Peter Menard of the County of Randolph Esquires, Greeting: 32 EARLY ILLINOIS. Whereas we assigned the Honble. John Griffin Esqr. one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the Indiana Terri- tory, our Justice to enquire by the Oaths of Honest and Lawful Men of the County of Randolph, by whom the truth of the Matter may be better known, of all Treasons, Insurrections and Rebellions, and of all Murders, Felonies, Manslaughters, Burglaries, Rapes of Women, unlawfull uttering of Words, unlawful assemblies, Misprisions, Con- federacies, false allegations, Trespasses, Riots, Routs, Con- tempts, falsities, Negligences, Concealements, Maintainces, Opressions, deceits and all other Misdeeds, Offences & Injuries whatsoever, and by whomsoever and howsoever done, had or perpetrated and Committed, and by whom, to whom, where, how and in what Manner the same have been done, perpetrated or Committed and all and singular the premises and every of them for this time to hear and determine according to Law, and to cause to be brought before him all the prisoners who shall be in the Jail of the said County together with all and singular the Warrants, attachments, Mittimuses, and other documents, touching the said prisoners, and for this time to deliver the Jail of the said County of all the prisoners in the said Jail, for all and every of the said offences, according to Law. And we have associated you the said John Edgar and Peter Menard to act in the premises with the said John Griffin. Yet so, that if at certain days and places, which the same John Griffin shall appoint for this purpose, you shall happen to be present, then that he admit you a Companion, otherwise the said John Griffin (your presence not Being expected) may proceed to act in the premises, And therefore we command you and each of you that you attend to act with the said John Griffin in form aforesaid in the premises For we have Commanded the said John Griffin the admit you as a Companion for this purpose as aforesaid. PIERRE MENARD PAPERS. 33 TSeall Witness: William Henry Harrison Esquire Gov- ernor and Commander of the Indiana Territory at Vincennes this 24th September 1802 and of the Inde- pendence of the United States the Twenty Seventh. By the Governor, y /> • Jno. Gibson, *^Jl&/^ /y^si^^ yQ^^w^ H^ Secrety. ' Indiana ) William Henry Harrison Esquire Gov- Terntory J ernor of the Indiana Territory to the Honble. John Griffin Esqr. one of the Judges in and over said Territory and John Edgar and Peter Menard Esquires of the County of Randolph, Greeting: Whereas, we have assigned you the aforesaid John Grif- fin our Justice, to Inquire more fully by the Oaths of Honest and lawful men of the County of Randolph, by whom the Truth of the Matter may be Better known, of all treasons, Insurrections and Rebellions, and of all Mur- ders, Felonies, Manslaughter, Burglaries, Rapes of Women, unlawful Uttering of Words, unlawful Assemblies, Mis- prisons, Confederacies, Maintainances, Oppressions, deceits and all other Misdeeds and offences and Injuries, whatso- ever and by whomsoever, and howsoever done, had, per- petrated or Committed and all and Singular the premises and every or any of them for this time, to hear and deter- mine according to. Law. And afterwards associated the said John Edgar and Peter Menard with you the aforesaid John Griffin in the premises, We Command you, that if You all cannot conveniently attend to act in the premises, that you or any two of you, who shall happen to be pres- ent, of which we will that you the said John Griffin be one, proceed to act in the premises according to Law. Witness William Henry Harrison Esquire Gov- ernor of the Indiana Territory at Vincennes this Twenty Fourth day of September in the Year of our Lord 3 34 EARLY ILLINOIS. one thousand eight hundred and two and of the Indepen- dence of the United States the Twenty Seventh. By the Governor, (sd) WlLLM. Hf.NRY HARRISON. Jno. Gibson, Secrety. Pierre Menard's Commission to take Testimony in Land -Office Claims: To Pierre Menard, Esquire Reposing full Confidence in your Integrity, we hereby appoint you a Commissioner to examine witnesses and take Depositions within the County of Randolph, in sup- port of Claims entered in the Registers Office of the Dis- trict of Vincennes. Given under our Hands this 14th day of December 1805. JOHN Badoi.lkt Nathl. C. l'RING Commissioner of the land office for the District of Vincennes. Pierre Menard's Commission as Judge of Court of Common Pleas, Randolph County: William Henry Harrison, Governor, and Commander in Chief of the Indiana Territory, To Pierre Menard, Esquire, of the County of Randolph, sends Greeting: — Know you, That reposing special trust and confidence in your integrity, judgment and abilities, I have appointed, and by these presents I do appoint and commission you the said Pierre Menard a Judgk of the Court of Common Pleas, in the said County of Randolph, hereby giving and granting unto you, as judge of the common pleas, full right and title to have and execute all and singular the powers, jurisdictions and authorities, and to receive and enjoy all and singular the lawful emoluments of a judge I'IKKRIC MENARD I'AI'ICRS. 35 of the said court of common pleas: to have and to hold this commission, and the office hereby granted to you, the said Pierre Menard, so long as you shall behave yourself well. Given under my hand, and the seal of the said L ' ' territory, at Vinccnncs, this Twenty Seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and Five, of the independence of the United States of America the thirtieth. This Commission to be in force from and after the ist day of January, 1806. By the Governor's Command, J No. GinsoN, Secrerary. [Endorsed:] Peter Menards Commission as Judge of the Court of Common pleas. Indiana Territory ] , Before me, Michael Jones (duly Randolph County ) ' authorized to administer the oaths of office to all officers civil & Military of said County, by Dedimus potestalern from the Governor of said Territory dated the third day of May 1806), personally appeared Peter Menard Ksquirc, and took the oaths of office as Judge of the Court of common pleas for said County as required by law. Given under my hand at Kaskaskia the eighteenth day of July 1806. Pierre Menard's Commission as Lieutenant -Colonel of First Regiment Randolph County Militia, under the Laws of Indiana Territory: William Henry Harrison, Governor and Commander in Chief of the Indiana Territory, to Pierre Menard, Esq'r, Greeting: — Reposing special trust and confidence in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, I have appointed you a Lieu- 2,6 EARLY ILLINOIS. tenant Colonel Commandant of the first regiment of the Militia of the county of Randolph and you are hereby appointed accordingly. You are therefore carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of a Lieut. Colo. Commandt. in leading, ordering and exercising the said regiment in arms, both inferior officers and soldiers, and to keep them in good order and discipline, and they are hereby com- manded to obey you as their Lieutenant Colo. Commandt. and your are yourself to observe and follow such orders and instructions as you shall from time to time receive from me or your superior officers. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto caused ■- J the seal of the territory to be affixed, the twelfth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and six and of the Independence of the United States of America the thirty first. Willm. Henry Harrison. By the Governor's command, Jno. Gibson, Secretary. [Endorsed :] Indiana Territory, \ gg Before me the subscriber (author- Randolph County. J * ized by Dedimus Potestatem from the Governor of said Territory, dated the third day of May, 1806, to administer the oaths of office to all offi- cers civil and military of said county) personally appeared Peter Menard Esquire, and took the oaths of office as Colonel of the first Regiment of Militia of Randolph County as required by law. Given under my hand at Kaskaskia the 18th day of July, 1806. MlCH. JONES. Pierre Menard's Commission as Captain of Infantry in Louisiana Territory: Meriwether Lewis, Governor and Commander in Chief of the Territory of Louisiana, to all who shall see these presents, Greeting: — PIERRE MENARD PAPERS. 37 Know ye, that reposing special trust and confidence in the patriotism, valour, fidelity and abilities of Peter Menard I have appointed "him a Captain of Infantry in a Detachmt. of Militia, on special service he is therefore carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of Captain by doing and performing all manner of things hereunto belonging, and I do strickly charge and require all Officers and Soldiers, under his command to be obedient to his orders as Captain and he is to obey such orders and direc- tions from time to time, as he shall receive from me, or his superior officers. This commission to continue in force during the pleasure of the Governor of the Territory for the time being. In Testimony Whereof, I have caused the Seal TSeall L J of the Territory to be hereunto affixed this first day of April in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and nine and of the independence of the United States the thirty third. Meriwether Lewis. By Frederick Bates,* Secretary of the Territory of Louisiana. [Endorsed:] Territory of Louisiana, &c, Personally appeared before me, the subscriber duly authorized to ad- minister the several oaths to Office within the Territory aforesaid, Peter Menard who took the Oath to Support * Frederick Bates, third of seven sons of Thomas Fleming Bates, merchant, was born at Belmont, Goodrich Co., Virginia, June 23, 1777; after receiving a rudimentary education, was, when about seventeen, apprenticed to a court- clerk, thereby supporting himself, by doing the practical duties of the place, and studying law — intending, as was then the common practice in Virginia, to go through the clerk's office to the bar. About 1795, he obtained employ- ment in the quartermaster's department of the Army of the Northwest on the frontier ; intending to return as soon as he was able to the study and practice of his profession. He was stationed at Detroit but was often on business at Mackinac and other posts. In a few years he acquired some capital as a merchant but lost the greater portion of it by the fire of 1805— which was a 38 EARLY ILLINOIS. the Constitution of the United States as well as the oath faithfully to discharge the duties of a Captain of Militia on special service to the best -of his abilities, skill, and judgment, and in conformity to the within Commission. Given under my hand at St. Louis this 18th of May, !8o9. Thos. F. Riddick. Pierre Menard's Commission as Lieutenant -Colonel of First Regiment Randolph County. Militia, under the Laws of Illinois Territory: Nathaniel Pope, Secretary of the Illinois Territory, and exercising as well the Government as Commander in Chief of the Militia thereof, To all who shall see these Presents, Greeting: — Know ye, that reposing special trust and confidence in the patriotism, valour, fidelity and abilities of Pierre Menard I have appointed him Lieutenant Colonel of 1st Regiment of Militia of Randolph County he is therefore carefully and diligently to, discharge the duty of Lieuten- 'ant Colonel by doing and performing all manner of things thereunto belonging, and I do strictly charge and require all officers and soldiers under his command to be obedient to his orders as Lieutenant Colonel and he is to obey such orders and directions from time to time, as he shall receive from the Commander in Chief, or his superior officers. lucky turn, as it forced him from a business that was unsuited to his taste and talent. Having by this time acquired a large experience of frontier character and business, he was about to enter the profession when in 1805 he was appointed senior associate-judge of the territorial district and land commissioner by President Jefferson, who with his Secretary of State, James Madison, were friends of his family. In 1807, he was transferred to St. Louis, Upper Louisi- ana, as secretary of the Territory and United- States recorder of land-titles; these offices he held many years— as secretary till the admission of Missouri in 1820, and the recordership till 1824, when he was elected the second governor of" Missouri, and died in office Aug. 4, 1825. Edward Bates, Lincoln's attorney-general, was his youngest brother. G. H. F. PIERRE MENARD PAPERS. 39 This commission to continue in force during the pleas- ure of the Governor of the territory, for the time being, re J-, In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto affixed my private seal, there being no seal of office, at Kaskaskia, the Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and nine and of the Indepen- dence of the United States, the thirty-third. Nat Pope. [Endorsed:] Lewtenant Colo. P. Menard. This day came before me the within named Piere Men- ard and took an oath to support the Constitution of the United States. Kaskaskia May 26th 1809. Pierre Menard's Commission as Indian Agent: War Dept, April 2nd, 18 13. Pierre Menard Esqr. Sir — You are hereby with the approbation of the Presi- dent of the United States appointed sub agent of Indian affairs. In discharging the duties of this appointment you will be governed by such instructions as you shall receive from this Department or from General William Clark, Agent of Indian Affairs at St. Louis, M. Territory. Your compensation will be at the rate of Six hundred dollars per annum, to commence on the date of your enter- ing upon the duties of this appointment, rq ,-, Given at the War Office of the United States, this Second day of April, eighteen hundred & thirteen. John 'Armstrong. EARLY ILLINOIS. s Cass and Pierre Menard's Commissions to make Indian Treaties: John Quincy Adams, President of the United States of America, To all who shall see these presents, Greeting: — Know Ye, That in pursuance of the Act of Congress passed on the twenty-fourth day of May, 1828; entitled "An act to enable the President of the United States to hold a treaty with the Chippewas, Ottawas, Pattawattimas, Winnebagoes, Fox and Sacs Nations of Indians," and reposing special Trust and Confidence in the Abilities, Prudence and Fidelity of Lewis Cass of the Territory of Michigan, and Pierre Menard of the State of Illinois, I have nominated and . by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, do appoint them Commissioners of the United States, with full power and authority to hold con- ferences and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties with the Chippewas, Ottowas, , Pattawattimas, Winnebagoes, Fox and Sacs Nations of Indians, of and concerning all matters interesting to the United States, and the said Nations of Indians, transmitting the same to the President of the United States of America, for his final ratification by and with the consent and advice of the Senate of the United States. This commission to continue in force during the pleasure of the President of the United States for the time being. r „ ., In Testimony whereof, I have caused these Let- L J ters to be made patent, and the Seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed. Given«under my hand at the City of Washington, the twenty-fourth day of May, A.D. 1828; and of the Independence of the United States, the fifty-Second. J. Q. Adams. By the President, H. Clay, Secretary of State. PIERRE MENARD PAPERS. 41 Extracts from the Parish Registers of Saint Antoine de Richelieu ou Chambly, Province de Quebec, Comte de Verche'res, Canada: RECORD OF MARRIAGE OF PIERRE MENARD'S PARENTS: Le 14 Fevrier, 1763, J. Bte Menard dit Brindamour soldat du regiment de Guienne, age de 28 ans, fils de feu J. B^ Menard, et de Madelaine Reboulla ses pere et mere de la paroisse de St. Hypolite Diocese d'Alis, 6pousa Marie Francoise Ciree, a.g6e de 22 ans, fille de J. Bte Cir6e dit. St. Michel, et de Marguerite Bonin, de cette paroisse. (Translation:) The fourteenth of February, 1763, J. Baptiste Menard, called Brindamour, soldier of the regiment of Guienne, aged 28 years, son of the late J. Baptiste Menard and of Madelaine Reboulla, his father and mother of the parish of Saint Hypolite, diocese of Alis, married Marie Fran- coise Ciree, aged 22 years, daughter of J. Baptiste Ciree, called Saint Michel, and of Marguerite Bonin of this- parish. RECORD OF THE BAPTISM OF PIERRE MENARD: "L'an mil sept soixante et six le huit d' Octobre par Nous pretre soussigne cur6 de cette paroisse a ete baptist Pierre ne d' hier au soir du legitime manage de Jean Bap- tiste Menard dit Brindamour et de Marie Francoise Ciree ditte St. Michel. Le perrain a etc" Pierre Vandandaigue dit Gadbois, et la marraine Louise Ciree ditte St. Michel tante de 1' enfant qui ont declare' ne savoir signer. J. B. Menard. Gervaise, P'tre." (Translation:) The year seventeen hundred and sixty-six, the eighth of October, by us the undersigned priest, vicar of this parish, was baptized Pierre, born yesterday evening of NOEL LE VASSEUR. By Stephen R. Moore of Kankakee, Illinois. AT a meeting of the Old Settlers' Association of Iro- l quois County, held on the ground where Gurdon S. Hubbard and Noel le Vasseur, in the service of the American Fur-Company, had a stock of merchandise and established a trading-post with the Pottawatomie Indians, Mr. Hubbard said that he first visited this site in 1822. Noel le Vasseur claimed to the writer of this sketch, that he came to this place in 1820, and at one of the old settlers' meetings, which he attended, I spoke for him and made this statement, at his request, and he pointed out the ground on the south side of the Iroquois River where Mr. Hubbard and himself built the first dry-goods store, in the territory tributary to Chicago. It will be difficult to reconcile with exactness the dates of the pioneer lives of Hubbard and Vasseur in their first trading with the Indians in Illinois. I shall briefly give the events and times as I gathered them from the lips of Mr. Vasseur. It is possible that Hubbard may have sent Vasseur to Illinois two years before he went there.* In this connection it is well to state that Mr. Vasseur had no educational advantages, and could neither read nor write, and hence he relied wholly upon memory to fix dates. In a log-cabin at Saint Michel d' Yamaska, Canada, on Christmas night, 1799, was born the subject of this memoir. * Since writing the above, I am positively informed that Mr. Vasseur pre- ceded Mr. Hubbard to Illinois two years, and is therefore the pioneer mer- chant and trader for this part of the Northwest. — S. R. Moore, Mar. 5, 1889. 44 Gee i2. r /rfg Noel le Vasseun NOEL LE VASSEUR. 45 His parents were poor and unlettered. They commemo- rated the event by calling the boy Noel, which means - Christmas. He led a quiet and uneventful life on the farm until May, 1817, when he astonished his parents by announcing to them that he had entered the service of 6ne Rocheblave,* in company with eighty young men, who were hired to go into the West to trade with the Indians. His parents were startled at this unexpected announcement, and sought to dissuade him from going. The love of adventure was too strong for the parental love and authority, and without a penny in money or a change of clothing, in his seventeenth year, he sought his fortune in the great and unknown West. They left Montreal, May 15, 18 17, and embarked on the St. Lawrence, with two years' supplies of food and cloth- ing, destined to reach Mackinac. I do not think that Vasseur -knows the route followed to reach the Straits of Mackinac. He was certain they did not come by way of Niagara Falls. He said the company made two fatiguing portages with their boats and supplies, and, after undergo- ing very great hardships they reached Lake Huron and again embarked for the Straits.-f- John Jacob Astor had established a trading-post and depot of supplies at Macki- nac, and when they reached there, in the summer of 18 17, Rocheblave sold all his rights to the services of his men and his outfit and supplies to the American Fur-Company, and Vasseur and his companions passed into the service of this powerful association. These Canadian voyageurs soon learned that all was not * This is the name of the last governor of the Illinois under British authority, who was in Canada and in trade after the war of the Revolution, and it is possible that this is the same person or his son. — E. G. M. t This party doubtless went up the Ottawa River to the Mattawan, by this stream and a portage to Lake Nipissing, and thence down French River to the Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, a route explored by Champlain in 1615, and often used by the early traders. — E. G. M. 46 EARLY ILLINOIS. gold that glittered. The labor was very severe and often- times perilous, and the fare coarse and frequently scanty. Vasseur's love of adventure was not satisfied; he had met an Indian who told him of a beautiful land in the West and the greatest river in the world, and he invited Vasseur to go with him. Actuated by a spirit of adventure which seems almost foolhardy, young Vasseur and a companion left the service of the Fur Company, and in company with their Indian friend, in a slight Indian canoe, started "to go West." They followed the west shore of Lake Michi- gan until it led them into Green Bay. They ascended Fox River to where Portage City now stands, made the portage, and embarked their little craft on the Wisconsin River, on which they floated down to the present site of Prairie-du-Chien. The Indians claimed they were the first white men who had ever made the voyage over the Fox and Wisconsin rivers.* Vasseur said he found the Indians exceedingly friendly, and he became a great favor- ite with the chief of the tribe. He taught the Indians many useful things in fishing and hunting, and he accom- panied them on their annual fall hunt, when they were making provision for a winter supply. When spring came, he concluded to return to Mackinac. Here an unexpected obstacle presented itself. The Indian chief refused to let him depart. He claimed to have adopted him into his tribe. The outlook was not very encouraging to a boy eighteen years old, and many thou- and miles away from home, and in a country that he knew but little of. Vasseur and his companion had learned much of the Indian language, but the "Indians had not learned their language. While appearing to be willino- to remain, they were forming plans to get away, and in the French tongue freely discussed the ways and means to accomplish it. * It is evident that the Indians were deceiving their young white friends or had never heard of Joliet and Marquette, and their successors. e. g. m. NOEL LE VASSEUR. 4/ They supplied themselves with some dried venison and smoked coon meat, and seizing a favorable opportunity they started on foot for Green Bay, following the course of the Wisconsin and Fox rivers, and after many weary days of travel they reached the bay, in an almost starved and naked condition. The rivers abounded with fish, and they were able to secure enough to keep them from starv- ing. Fortunately a temporary camp had been established at the mouth of Fox River by the American Fur-Com- pany, and in this camp they were given shelter and pro- visions, and sent to fur-company headquarters at Mackinac. He went to work again for the company, and was em- ployed in assorting and packing the furs for shipment East. Frequently during this and the succeeding year he . was sent out to distant posts to trade with the Indians. He had learned to talk with the Indians while at Prairie- du-Chien, and this knowledge was valuable to the com- pany, and gave Vasseur a wider field of operations. With- out affirming it as a positive fact, it is my impression that he met Gurdon S. Hubbard at Mackinac for the first time in the fall of 1818, and this was the beginning of a friend- ship very dear and an intimacy lasting as long as they lived. Mr. Hubbard did not leave Montreal in the service of the fur company until April, 18 18, and reached Macki- nac, July 14, which was shortly before the time Vasseur had returned from Prairie-du-Chien. In 1820, the company determined to establish a trad- ing-post in Illinois, with the Pottawatomies, a tribe that was reported to be very strong and very successful in securing furs. In the winter of 18 19 or spring of 1820, young Vasseur, under the direction of Gurdon S. Hubbard, started around Lake Michigan, bound for the Illinois coun- try, with an outfit of provisions and a stock of goods suitable to trade with the Indians. He took with him sufficient men to man the boats, and they followed the 48 EARLY ILLINOIS. west shore of -Lake Michigan until they reached Chicago. They proceeded up the Chicago River as far as they could go, and then made the portage to the Desplaines River, and thence down that river to its junction with the Kan- kakee. The descent to the Kankakee was easily accom- plished. At this point the real hardship of the voyage began. The water was high and the current very swift. They had engaged an Indian guide before they reached Chicago. The Kankakee River was ascended partly by rowing, sometimes by wading along the shore and dragging their boats, or getting along-side and pushing them. Frequently but a few miles could be made in a day. When they reached the Iroquois, the river was narrower and the cur- rent less swift, and its ascent was not so difficult. In the fall of 1820, they landed on the bank of the Iroquois River, at the point where the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis & Chicago Railroad crosses the river. For many years thereafter the place was called Bunkum. It is now called Iroquois. As all roads now lead to Chicago, then all trails led to this crossing on the Iroquois. There was a trail running west and south from this point, following the river to Spring Creek, and then up the creek and westward toward where Paxton now stands. Another trail went north and east, following the sand ridges west of Beaver Lake in Indiana, crossing the Kan- kakee west of the state line, and on northward to Lake Michigan. Another trail led north and west, following the Iroquois River to the Kankakee, and along the Kan- kakee through Bourbonais' Grove; then to Rock Village, the home of Yellow Head, an Indian chief; then to Hick- ory Creek, in Will County; and then to the Desplaines River, and on to Chicago. Another trail branched off at Rock Village, going south and west near to where Ottawa is. A trail went almost due south through Danville, and NOEL LE VASSEUR. 49 then south to southern Illinois. The most important trail ran south and east to the Wabash River, where was fought the battle of Camp Tippecanoe. This point was in the heart of the Pottawatomie country, and was well chosen by the fur company, as an advantageous point to establish a trading-post. At the old settlers' meeting, heretofore referred to, Vas- seur pointed out the exact spot on the south bank of the river where they built their storehouse, which they com- pleted and occupied before the cold weather set in, in the fall of 1820. The Indians were very friendly to the white men, and a very successful commerce was carried on. The furs were assorted and packed, and for ten years or more were carried to Chicago by the same route they had come. As early as 1823 or 1824, they packed to Chicago on In- dian ponies and returned with goods. From whatever time Hubbard CEtme to the Iroquois, Vasseur assisted him in •conducting the American Fun-Company's business in Illi- nois. They feared no danger from the Indians. The white traders could have been destroyed at any moment, but the Indians looked upon the traders as their best friends. Vasseur was never threatened by them but once. In 1822, he went to Rock Village, on the Kankakee, to open a trade with the Indians congregated there. The Indians were in receipt of an indemnity from the general government, and were supplied with gold and silver. He took two men with him, and an outfit of merchandise and two kegs of "life water," as it was called by the Indians. This was his mistake, and it nearly cost him his life. He is not the only person who has made a mistake in the use of "life water." The Indians discovered he was supplied with it, and refused to trade until they were given some of this water. He had concealed the precious stuff in the woods. The Indians refused to be comforted. The chief approached him and said they had made a vow to the 4 50 EARLY ILLINOIS. Great Spirit, which could not be broken, that they would buy nothing until he brought out the kegs. Vasseur had to yield. They formed a circle around him and praised his great qualities as a good friend, until they drank the kegs empty, and all became magnificently drunk and fiercely warlike. Yellow Head, their chief, foresaw the trouble that was coming, and helped Vasseur and his companions pack up their goods and move a dozen miles away before they camped for the night. So well were the white traders liked, that Hubbard mar- ried the daughter of one of the head men, in 1824. Her name was Watseka. She was a very beautiful girl, with features and form more like the Caucasian than the Indian. Hubbard maintained wifely relations with her until he left the service of the fur company, and went to Danville to live. After Hubbard went away, Vasseur carried on the business of Indian trader until the tribe removed West, after the treaty of Camp Tippecanoe, in October, 1833. Hubbard had an Indian divorce from Watseka when he went away. The year following, Vasseur married her, and she bore him three children. Just. what the ceremony of an Indian marriage and the process of an Indian divorce was, I am not advised. But it was all done in accordance with the customs of the Indians, and was entirely satisfactory to their chief men. Nor let it be inferred that Watseka held immoral rela- tions with these men. She was a true woman, and faith- ful to her husband while he remained her husband. And she was equally faithful to Vasseur, and he ever spoke kindly of her, and when he left her he gave her a large fund amounting to several thousand dollars. A better civilization would condemn such easy marriage and easy divorce, but when I see how easy marriage and divorce are made in Illinois, I do not think we have made the same progress in this line as we have in commerce and trade NOEL LE VASSEUR. 5 I since the days of Hubbard and Vasseur on the banks of the Iroquois River. Vasseur says that the Indians told him that formerly game was very abundant on these prairies, and that "great droves of buffaloes made this valley their home. They spoke of the Storm Spirit getting very angry at the In- dians, and sending a great snowfall and very cold weather, and this storm drove the buffaloes away, and they never returned. He locates the time of the great storm between 1770 and 178O: Vasseur made several trips to Mackinac, where he per- sonally superintended the shipment of furs and the selec- tion of goods suitable to the wants of his Indian friends. He had learned the Indian language, and, with Hubbard, was employed by the United-States commissioners as in- terpreters in the negotiations of the treaty of Camp Tip- pecanoe, conducted October 20, 1832, and ratified January 21, 1833. By this treaty the United States received a magnificent territory, and the Indians were induced to give up the finest hunting and fishing ground that ever existed. The Kankakee River and its tributaries and creeks abounded with the mink, musk-rat, raccoon, otter, and beaver, while the deer were as plenty as are now the horned cattle. The river was the home of the salmon, black-bass, rock- bass, and pickerel. The two leading chiefs of the Pottawatomies were Sha- bonee and Sha-wa-na-see. They were warm friends of Hubbard and Vasseur, and were known to be the friends of the white men. In the Black- Hawk war, the Sacs and Foxes tried to form an alliance with the Pottawatomies, and made two visits to Shabonee and Sha-wa-na-see to induce them to join in the war, but it was of no avail. There is no doubt that Hubbard and Vasseur had much to do-in influencing these chiefs. Had they joined Black 52 EARLY ILLINOIS. Hawk, it is certain the contest would have been prolonged and many lives would have been lost. The secret of their great influence over the Indians was the fact that they treated them fairly, gave them full value for their furs, and under no circumstances would they ever deceive them. By the treaty of Camp Tippecanoe, the Indian title was extinguished to all that tract of land included within the following boundary, viz.: "Beginning at a point on Lake Michigan, ten miles south of the mouth of the Chicago River; thence in a direct line to a point on the Kankakee River, ten miles above it? mouth; thence down said river and the Illinois River to the mouth of the Fox River, being the boundary of a cession made by them in 1816; thence with the southern boundary of the Indian territory to the state line between Illinois and Indiana; thence north with said line to Lake Michigan; thence with the shores of Lake Michigan to the place of beginning." For this magnificent domain, this government gave the Indians an annuity of $15,000 for the term of twenty years, and the further sum of $28,746 was applied to the payment of certain claims, and $45,000 in merchandise to. be paid immediately, and $30,000 in merchandise was to be paid them in Chicago in 1833. Inasmuch as the party of the first part put its own price on the merchandise, and Mr. Indian did not know the true value thereof, the mer- chandise does not count for very much in this trade. As a recognition of the friendly character of Indians during the late war with the Sacs and Foxes, the treaty contains this clause: "The said tribe [of Pottawatomies] having been faithful allies of the United States during the late contest with the Sacs and Foxes, in consideration thereof the United States agree to permit them to hunt and fish on the lands ceded, as also on the lands of the government on Wabash and Sangamon rivers, so long as the same shall remain the property of the United States." NOEL LE VASSEUR. 53 Inasmuch as the poor Indian was sent west of the Mis- issippi River the following year, and there were no bridges cross the river, and civilization had taken possession of he state bordering the river, and it was quite unhealthy or an Indian to travel eastward, it is not perceived that his clause was of much benefit to the tribe. A much more practical clause was placed in the treaty, llowing them pay "for horses stolen from them during he late war," wherein we find the cheapest horse stolen >y the United States "during the late war" was $40, and he highest was $160, with a general average of about $80. >ince the United States had obtained the land so cheap, hey could afford to be liberal in making restitution for tolen horses. Among the moneys to be paid is an item of $5573 to xurdon S. Hubbard, and to Noel le Vasseur, $1800. Hub- iard and Vasseur had rendered the government valuable ervices before and at the time of the Black-Hawk war. They learned through Shabonee and Sha-wa-na-see the ilans of the hostile tribes, and Hubbard, in person, com- manded a company of scouts, that went to the relief of he settlements in LaSalle, and these payments were made them in compensation for such services, as well, also, :>r acting as interpreters in the negotiation of the treaty. Vasseur was appointed the agent of the United States d remove the Indians to their reservation at Council (luffs, Iowa. This work was completed in 1836. Many f them did not want to leave Illinois, and made many bjections thereto. Who can blame them ? They had aid their lands for a mess of pottage, and they knew it. r asseur accomplished this difficult uudertaking without ny acts of violence and to the entire satisfaction of the overnment. In the meantime he had made a purchase f some land at Bourbonais Grove, where St. Viateur's lollege now stands. 54 EARLY ILLINOIS. In 1837, he married Miss Ruth Bull of Danville. She died in i860. He had eight children by this marriage, four boys and four girls. The oldest, Edward, was a mem- ber of the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry, and died in the service; George died in Memphis, in 1871, with yellow fever; Wil- liam died while very small; and Alfred died in 1876. The girls died after reaching woman's estate, except the young- est, Mrs. Dr. Monast, who now lives in Chicago. Father Perry, connected with the catholic bishop of Chicago, is a grandson. In 1861, Vasseur married Miss Elenore Franchere of Chicago, who now survives. This remarkable man died in 1879, at his home in Bourbonais Grove, in the eightieth year of his age. He was a devout adherent to the tenets of the catholic church, and lies buried in the church-yard, but a few steps from where he made his home in 1837. Mr. le Vasseur was a man of strong individuality. Had he been an educated man, he would have been an explorer of world-wide renown. His love of adventure was a born passion. He knew no fear, had unbounded confidence in himself, and overcame all obstacles. His success with the ' savage men by whom he was surrounded lay in his integ- rity and simplicity. He joined them in their hunts and took part in their sports. He was a second William Penn, but greater than Penn. The friendship of Hubbard and Vasseur was knit to- gether by the hardships they had endured, and was as lasting as that of Jonathan and David. They died, carrying to their graves the stories of many adventures and historical facts, which are now forever sealed to us. The true lives of these men in Mackinac and in Illinois will read to our children more like a romance than a reality. It is due to history, it is due to these pioneer lives, that a complete biography of Gurdon S. Hubbard and Noel le Vasseur shall be written. The writer has only touched upon a few points in the remarkable career of the latter. LISTS OF EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. By Edward G. Mason of Chicago. SOME thirty years ago, or about the year 1858, Wm. H. H. Terrell, afterward the secretary of the Histor- ical Society of Indiana, purchased at Vincennes in that State, fifteen manuscripts relating to the early history of what is now the State of Illinois. From him these papers were acquired in 1883 by the Chicago Historical Society, and they proved upon examination to be of decided interest and value. They comprise four lists of heads of families in Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Prairie du Pont, Prairie du Rocher, and St. Philip in the Illinois country in or before the year 1783; three general returns or rolls of the militia in the counties of Randolph and St. Clair in Illinois Territory on August 1, 1790, a list of the names of the persons returned as entitled to the donation of 100 acres of land for militia service in the counties of Randolph and St. Clair; five rolls of militia companies at Kaskaskia and in the county of St. Clair in the year 1790; a petition of certain citizens of Vincennes, formerly of Kaskaskia, concerning donation lands, dated October 26, 1797; and an original proclamation with a duplicate in French, relat- ing to public lands, dated at Kaskaskia, June 15, 1779, issued and signed by Col. John Todd, jr., civil governor and commandant of the county of Illinois, commonwealth of Virginia. These documents are important as showing the names of many of those residing- in Illinois at the close of the war of the Revolution, the probable white population of that region in the last decade of the last century, and the 55 56 EARLY ILLINOIS. beginnings of republican government there. They have another attraction in that they bear the autograph signa- tures of some of the most prominent of the early citizens of Illinois, of John Todd, jr., its first governor under the authority of Virginia, and of the first governor of the Northwest Territory, Gen. Arthur St. Clair, in whose chi- rography one at least of these papers is written. These lists of heads of families and militiamen were prepared in order to secure the benefit of certain legisla- tion originating with the Continental congress under the Articles of Confederation. That body transacted but little business in the last year of its feeble existence, but among its few acts during that period we find some relating to what is now Illinois. The year after its adop- tion of the great Ordinance of 1787, this congress had before it a memorial of one George Morgan, and his associates "respecting a tract of land in the Illinois country on the Mississippi." And on June 20, 1788, the committee to whom this matter had been referred repotted, among other things, resolutions that "separate tracts shall be reserved for satisfying the claims of the ancient settlers" in the Illinois country, that "measures shall be immediately taken for confirming in their possessions and titles, the French and Canadian inhabitants and other settlers on these lands, who on or before the year 1783, had professed themselves citizens of the United States or any of them"; and that three additional reserved tracts shall be laid off "adjoining the several villages, Kaskaskies, La Prairie du Rochers and Kahokia," * * * "of such extent as shall contain 400 acres for each of the families now living at either of the villages of Kaskaskies, La Prairie du Roch- ers, Kahokia, Fort Chartres, or St. Philips. The additional reserved tract adjoining the village of the Kaskaskies shall be for the heads of families in that village; the tract adjoining La Prairie du Rochers for the heads of families EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 57 i that village; and the tract adjoining Kahokia for the eads of families in that village, as also for those at Ft. ihartres and St. Philips" and "that the governor of the r estern territory be instructed to repair to the French Jttlements on the Mississippi, at and above the Kaskas- ies; that he examine the titles and possessions of the sttlers * * and that he take an account of the several eads of families living within the reserved limits." * * Ind congress resolved to agree to this report.* On August 28, 1788, the Continental congress again onsidered the Morgan memorial and resolved to change tie location of the three additional tracts of land to the ast side of a certain ridge of rocks instead of the west ide as provided in the act of June 20, f and on August 9, it was resolved that measures be taken for confirming 1 their possessions and titles the French and Canadian ihabitants and other settlers at Post St. Vincents who n or before the year 1783, had settled there and professed hemselves citizens of the United States or any of them ; hat 400 acres of land be reserved and given to every head f a family of the above description, settled at Post St. Vincents ; and that the governor of the western territory ause to be laid out a tract of land, adjoining Post St. Vincents, sufficient for completing the above donations, ^.nd the governor was instructed in the same resolution to iroceed without delay to the French settlements on the Mississippi in order to give dispatch to the several measures be taken according to the acts of June 20 and August 8, 1788, to report the whole of his proceedings to con- ress, and to take Post St. Vincents on his return and pur- ue the measures directed to be taken by the act of Aug. 9, and report his proceedings accordingly.! These were mong the latest proceedings of the congress of the con- * Journals of Congress (of the Confederation), XIII. 30-32. + lb. p. 90. X lb. pp. 9I1 92. 58 EARLY ILLINOIS. federation which transacted its final piece of business October 10, 1788, and expired November 1, of that year for the want of a quorum.* Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory pursuant to the last -mentioned resolution, and also in obedience to the instructions of President Washington of October 6, 1789^ set out for Kaskaskia, and arrived there March 5, 1790.I On March 7, he issued a proclamation calling on the inhabitants to prove claims as provided for in the act of congress of June 20, 1788, and he directed measures to be taken to confirm the titles of the inhabitants -who had professed themselves citizens of the United States, and to lay off the tracts of land to furnish the 400-acre donations pro- vided for in said act. On April 5, the governor visited Cahokia for the same purpose, stopping at Fort Chartres and Prairie du Rocher by the way, and appointed militia and other officers, and embarked at Kaskaskia on his return journey on June 1 1.§ It appeared from his report and that of Winthrop Sar- gent, the secretary of the Northwest Territory, || that further legislation was needed, and on March 3, 1791, the congress of the United States passed "an act for granting lands to the inhabitants and settlers at Vin- cennes and the" Illinois country in the territory northwest of the Ohio, and for confirming them in their possessions." This provided among other things, that 400 acres of land should be given to each of those persons who in 1783, were heads of families at Vincennes or in the Illinois country on the Mississippi, and who had since removed from one of said places to the other, and that heads of * lb. 126-7. t " St. Clair Papers," II. ize,. X Governor St. Clair's Report to President Washington of official Proceed- ings in the Illinois Country, "St. Clair Papers," II. 164. § lb. pp. 165, 166, 169, 179. || Ibid and "American State Papers. Public Lands*" I. 5-16. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 59 families at either of said places in 1783, who afterward removed without the limits of the territory were notwith- standing entitled to the donation of 400 acres of land pro- vided by the act of congress of August 29, 1788, and also to the lands allotted to them before 1783 according to the laws and usages of the government under which they had settled. This act also gave 400 acres of land to each person who had not obtained any donation of land from the United States, and who on August 7, 1790, was enrolled in the militia at Vincennes or in the Illinois country, and, done militia duty. And it once more changed the location of the three additional tracts of land set aside for donations, and directed them to be laid out as at first provided in the act of June 20, 1785.* It was to obtain the gifts of 400 acres of land to heads of families, and of 100 acres to those enrolled in the militia, provided for by one or more of these various acts, that the lists before us were compiled. Governor St. Clair revisited the Illinois country in the fall of 1795, and, as we learri from two of these militia rolls, he was at Caho- kia, September 28, and at Kaskaskia, October 4, of that year. The list of Capt. James Piggott's company at the former place, and of Capt. John Edgar and Capt. Francois Janis' companies at the latter place were sworn to before him on these dates, respectively. In his report of official proceedings in the Illinois country at this time, made to the secretary of state in 1796, Gov. St. Clair says — that the donations to the heads of families were not yet laid out, although ordered in 1 790, owing to the lack of a surveyor, the poverty of the people who had no means to cultivate new lands, and doubt as to the proper party to issue the patents. But as to the donations to those enrolled in the militia he had no difficulty, and had ordered these to be laid out, and enclosed a list of the persons entitled.^ It * " U.-S. Statutes at Large," I, 221. t "St. Clair Papers," II, 398, 400. 6o EARLY ILLINOIS. is probable that at this time he prepared the list of names of the persons returned as entitled to the donation of ioo acres of land for militia services in the counties of Ran- dolph and St. Clair, among the documents in question, which is without date or signature, but bears an endorse- ment stating it to be the handwriting of Gov. St. Clair. All of these documents seem to be 'originals, doubtless once preserved in the archives of the Northwest Territory, and then scattered abroad by accident or official careless- ness. And three of these papers are in the handwriting of John Rice Jones, the earliest and ablest lawyer in the Northwest Territory. Those which he wrote are: i. "The List of the Heads of Families in Kaskaskia on or before . the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty three and who professed themselves citizens of the State of Virginia;" 2. "List of the Inhabitants of Prairie du Rocher and St. Philips who were heads of families therein on or before the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty three;" 3. "General Return of the Militia enrolled in the (now) County of St. Clair on the first day of August one thou- sand seven hundred and ninety." Accompanying these three documents, when they came into the possession of the Chicago Historical Society, was a memorandum stat- ing them to be in the handwriting of John Rice Jones, and they have since been submitted to his only surviving son, Hon. George W. Jones, formerly United - States senator from Iowa, now residing at Dubuque in that State, who was born at Vincennes, Indiana, April 12, 1804. He has indorsed upon each of the lists last above named, a state- ment subscribed by him, that it is the handwriting of his deceased father, Hon. John Rice Jones. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 6 1 1ST 1 of the Heads of Families in Kaskaskia on or -j before the year one thousand seven hundred and ghty three, and who had professed themselves Citizens F the State of Virginia : or convenience in reference these names have been arranged alphabetically.] omitilde Alary, widow. Alexis Beauvais. 'ohn Allison. Bellow. :an Andre*. . *Thomas Bentley. 2 ntoine Antaya, Senior. Antoine Bienvenu, Senior, ntoine Antaya, Junior. Antoine Bienvenu, Junior, iichel Antaya. Daniel Blouin. 3 \ntoine Arkouet. Shadrach Bond. 4 VTathais Barker. ajoseph Bonvouloir. rancois Barrois. *Richard Brashears. laize Barutel. aTobias "Qrashears. iseph Baugi. Louis Brazot. ntoine Bauvais. aWilliam Brocus. ean Bap. St Gem Bauvais. Anthoine Buyat. arie Lpuise Bauvais, widow. Louis Buyat. /"ital Bauvais. Benjamin Joseph Byram. an Beaudoin. ^Pierre Cailloux. [a "Removed into foreign parts."] [* Americans.] I 1 This list is written on eight pages of old, laid paper, water-marked . S. O. G. " It is indorsed "List of the Heads of Families in Kaskaskia or before 1783." The list, note, and affidavit are all in the same hand- iting, which is stated in a pencil memorandum to be that of John Rice nes. And this document now bears the further indorsement : " The within :s are in the handwriting of my deceased father, Hon. John Rice Jones, who :d at St. Louis, Missouri, on the 1st of Feb'y, 1824, he being at that time ustice of the supreme court of the State of Missouri. Dated at Dubuque, iva, this 8th day of Feb'y, 1889. Geo. W. Jones. "] A trader at Kaskaskia who incurred the enmity of Rocheblave, and was his orders arrested and sent to Canada, whence he escaped. A voluminous respondence concerning this matter preserved in the " Haldimand Papers. "] 8 A man of ability and much influence among the French inhabitants of Illinois. As their representative, he petitioned the British crown for a ter form of government.] 4 One of Clark's soldiers in his expedition to the Illinois.] 62 EARLY ILLINOIS. aGeorge Camp. 1 alchabod Camp. 1 Nicholas Canada. [neax. Louis Pierre Francois Carbon- aMartin Carney. Antoine Cassou. Catherine Cassou, widow. Charles Charleville. Francois Charleville. Joseph Chauvin Charleville. Louis Charleville. Marie Louise Delisle, widow. *Timothe Demumbrun. 2 aPaul Deruisseau. ^Israel Dodge, ajohn Dodge. 1 ^Alexander Douglas. Arcange Doza, widow. Joseph Doza. Francois Drouard. William Drury. John McEl Duff. 3 aMarie Louise Charleville, widow «Charles Dulude. Francois Charpantier. Antoine Chenier. Arcange Chenier, widow. *John Clark. Lardner Clark. Jacques Conand. Francois Corset. Jean Baptiste Creli. fjerome Creli. ^Pierre Curd. James Curry. 1 Jerome Danis. Michel Danis, Senior. Michel Danis. Charles Dany. Charles Delisle. Jean Baptiste Delisle. Louis Delisle. Peter Dumont. Catherine Duplasi. widow. Joseph Dupuy. Andre Fagot. *Daniel Flanary, Junior. *Elijah — Flanary. *Thomas Flanary. Marie Rose Fortin, widow. Amable Gagne\ Joseph Gagne - . Marie Gagnon, widow. John Baptiste Gandron. James Garretson. Louis Germin. Charles Gill. Ambroise Glinel. Thereze Godin, widow. 4 Jacob Grotz. t 1 One of Clark's soldiers in his expedition to the Illinois.] [ 2 ( Successor of John Todd, Jun'r, as county lieutenant or governor of Illi- nois under Virginia.] [§] To receive Don[ation at] Vincennes. [ s The leader of the party of hunters met at Fort Massac by George Rogers Clark on his way to the Illinois, and who gave him the latest news from Kaskaskia.] [ 4 Mother of Pierre Menard's first wife. The same person described in other lists as the widow Tourangeau, the latter name being a soubriquet of her deceased husband, Michel Godin.] EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 03 * Samuel Handley. *John Harry. *David Hicks. Alexander Hilaire. *John Holloway. aThomas Hughes. 1 Jean Baptiste Janis. Nicholas Janis. 2 Guy Jarrad. t Jodouin, widow. Patrick Kennedy. 3 *James Kincaid. Elizabeth Labiche. Raymond Normand Labriere. ^Nicholas LaChance, Senior. Nicholas LaChance, Junior. Catherine Lasource, widow. + Helen Lasource, widow. + JJacque Lasource. Ambroise Lavigne. Antoine Lavigne. Claude Lemieux. ^Nicholas Levasseur. ^Stanislas Levasseur. Joseph Libberville. Joseph Lonval. Louis Lonval. ajoseph Maisonville. Joseph Marrois. * Mayfield. *John — McCormick. ^Alexander McLosky. Marie Louise LaChapell, widow. Archibald McNabb. Charles LaChapelle. Pierre LaCoste. Baptiste Laderoute. ajean Baptiste Laffont. Alexander Lalande. Pierre Langlois. Alexis Laplante. Jean Larue. J Baptiste Lasource. Jacques Mercier. Joseph Miault. Magdalen Angelique Miot, widow. *John Montgomery. 1 Jean Baptiste Montreuil. James Moore. 1 Joseph Morensi. aAntoine Morin. *James Morris. t 1 One of Clark's soldiers in his expedition to the Illinois.] [ 8 Nicholas Janis was appointed, by Col. John Todd, Jr., captain of the first company of the militia of Kaskaskia, May 14, 1779.] [ s Author of a journal of an expedition in the year 1772 from Kaskaskias village in the Illinois country to the head-waters of the Illinois River. It is printed as an appendix to the third edition of Imlay's "Topographical Descrip- tion of the Western Territory of North America, " published in London, 1797.} [+] Error, in Prairie du Rocher list. [J] These persons supposed by Col. [Winthrop] S [argent?] to have died before the Country came into the possession of Virginia or the U. States & that their widow's names are inserted on the opposite page [63]— a cross against their names— they can't all be entitled. 6 4 EARLY ILLINOIS. * Daniel Murray, a Elijah Nelson. Gabriel Obuchon, Senior. Henry O'Hara. James Orr. David Pagan. 1 Etienne Page". Joseph Page". Jean Baptiste Perrin. Pierre Picard. James Piggot. 1 'Windsor Pipps. * Peter Pressley. Pierre Provot. Marie Racine, widow. Elizabeth Raine, widow. Paul Reaume. Antoine Renaud. 2 Charles Renoue. Henry Richard. Joseph Richard. Pierre Richard. ■("Charles Robin. Mary Rocheblave. Philip Rocheblave. 3 Larkin Rutherford. 1 Catherine Sanba. *Henry Smith. Nicholas Smith. Jean Baptiste St. Onge. Francois Derousse St. Pierre. Michael Derousse St. Pierre. Jean Baptiste Taumur. Marie Anne Taumur. + Joseph Tellier. Jacques Thuillier, Jean Baptiste Tomur, Sen'r. Francoise Tonton. 2 Joseph Toulouse. * Trentham. * Charles Valle. aLouis Villaret. James Watts. *Heaton [Haydon] Wells. djames Wiley. ajohn Williams. Richard Winston's Widow. Charles Woods. *William Wykoff. * , his son in law. N. B. Those marked with asterisks thus * are Ameri- cans and the whole as is now believed now residing in the United States. The Heir at law of Charles Valle' one so marked was brought up at Vincennes and now is and for some years past has been at Dickenson Colledge in Carlisle-in the State of Pennsilvania. None of them have f 1 One of Clark's soldiers in his expedition to the Illinois.] [ 2 ] To receive Don[ation at] Vincennes. [ 8 The last British governor of the Illinois; taken prisoner by Clark.] [t] This is the same situation of Bapt. & Jacque Lasource, there is a + opposite the widow, her name is Marie Ann Taumur, widow. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 65 imed their Donation Lands, except an application made Behalf of Mr. Valle's heir at law. Territory of the United States north west of the Ohio, .ndolph County, ss. Be it remembered that on the twenty-third day of ptember one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven fore us the Subscribers two of the Justices of the peace the said County personally came Louis Pierre Francois rbonneaux Esquire notary public at Kaskaskia in the . d County and Jean Baptiste Gendron of the same who ide oath according to Law and say that they have been ttlers and Inhabitants of the village of Kaskaskia afore- d for upwards of thirty years last past, and that the rsons whose names are contained on the left side of the egoing six pages were Settlers and Heads of families Kaskaskia aforesaid on or before the said year one Dusand seven hundred and eighty three and had pro- sed themselves Citizens of the State of Virginia And it those persons whose names are contained on the right nd side[*] of each said Page have since removed into for- jn parts and have not by themselves or Heirs returned Kaskaskia aforesaid to the Knowledge of these Depo- nts on or before the third day of March one thousand ren hundred and ninety six. Sworn the Day and year 1 ove mentioned Before us J CARBONNEAUX Jn. Edgar Wm. Morrison The mark of x Jean Baptiste Gendron * In the foregoing list these are indicated by an a.] 66 EARLY ILLINOIS. LIST* of the Inhabitants of Prairie du Rocher and St. Philips who were heads of families therein on or before the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty three: Charles Aime". * Pierre Degagne". Pierre Allard. Louis Levasseur D'Espagne. Mary Louise Aubuchon, widow. Josette Dilailite, widow. Jean Baptiste Barbau, Senior. + Gabriel Docochi. Jean Baptiste Barbau, Junr. Antoine Domingue. - Joseph Bellecour. Louis Dore". Joseph Blay. Clement Dmry. Francois Bousseau. William Drury. Jacque Bouteillet. Jean [Baptiste erased] Dumartin. Charles Cadron, called StPierre. Jean Flandre. Francois Camus. Pierre Gibault. % Pierre Chevalier. Girardot, widow. Margaret Cochon, widow. Henry Golding. John Cochran. Nathaniel Hull. Ayme" Comte, Senior. Jean Baptiste Jacquemin. Antoine Cotinauet. William Jean. Elizabeth Cotinault, widow. Jodouin, widow: Joseph Crely. Lawrence Kenyon. Jean Baptiste Damour. Jean L'Allemand. Joseph Decelle. Marie Labrosse, widow. Degagne', widow. Charles Laforme. Jacque Degagne\ Thereze Lajoie, widow. Jean Baptiste Degagne". Gerard Langlois. * This list is written upon three pages of a sheet of paper similar to that of the last mentioned list, and is wholly in the handwriting of John Rice Jones, as appears from the certificate of his son, Hon. Geo. W. Jones, now appended thereto. It is indorsed "List of heads of families in Prairie du Rocher and St. Phillip on or before 1783." + Appointed commandant of Prairie du Rocher and captain of the militia, May 17, 1779, by John Todd; and later, elected one of the judges of the court of Cahokia by the people. In 1790, he was chief-justice of the court for the judicial district of Prairie du Rocher. J Priest at Kaskaskia from 1768 to 1783, and rendered efficient service to George Rogers Clark. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 6j ierre Laroche. Catherine Perier, widow, acques Lasablonier. Charles Renoux. .ouis Lassonde. Jean Baptiste Richard, oseph Lavoie. Catherine Ryan, widow. Lemay. Josiah Ryan, mtoine Louvier, Senior. Catherine Tangue, widow, intoine Louviere, Junior. Joseph Tangue", Senior, 'ierre Louviere. Joseph Tangue". Marechal, widow. Francois Thibault. Territory of the United States north west of the Ohio, Randolph County, ss. Be it remembered that on the twenty fifth Day of September one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven lefore us the subscribers two of ,the Justices of the peace if the said County personally came Jean Baptiste Barbau he elder of Prairie du Rocher Esquire and Jean Baptiste iarbau the younger of the same Esquire who made oath .ccording to Law that the several persons whose names .re contained on the two sides of this sheet of paper were he heads of families in Prairie du Rocher and St. Philips .foresaid on or before the year one thousand seven hun- Ired and eighty three. Barbau. Barbau, fils. Jn. Edgar. Wm. Morrison. sworn the day and year above ) mentioned — Before us — J List* of the Heads of Families in Cahokia and its envi- ons in the Illinois Country in the year One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty Three, viz: dement Allary. Jean Bap: Allary. * This list was written on a sheet of laid paper, 15x18 inches, has water- larked crown, date, 1794, and the letters G. R. partly cut off. It is endorsed Lists of Heads of Families in St. Clair County. " 68 EARLY ILLINOIS. Marie, widow of Jos: Allary. Laurent Amelin. Joseph Andrews. Ardouin. Gabriel Barron. Jean Bap: Barron. Widow Beaulieu. Joseph Beguiere. Isabel Bequet, widow. Jean Bap: Bergeron. William Biggs. Joseph Bissonet. Widow of George Blin. Jean Bap: Boisverd. Joseph Boisverd. Rend Bouvet. Antoine Boyer. Thomas Brady. Charle Butteau, Senr. Joseph Butteau. Widow Cabassien Joseph Cecire. Catherine Chartran. Mary, widow Chartran. Louis Chatel. Francois Chevalier. Mary Crow, widow. Joseph Deloge alias Poirier. Louis De Longchamps. Jean D'Hay. Jean Marie Dorion. Jean Bap: UuBuque. Charle Ducharme. Bartholomew Dumas. Jean Bap: Dumay. Pierre DurBois, Senr. Joseph Dutremble. Phillip Engel. Raphael Gagnie. Louis Gagnion. Pierre Gatien. Louis Gaud. Charle Germain. Francois Gerome. Phillip Gervais. Antoine Girardin. Michel Girardin. Pierre Guittard. Antoine Harmand. Joseph La Buxiere. Antoine La Course. Joseph La Couture. Charle La Croix. Pierre La Fleur. Michel La Gaudiniere. Michel La Grave. Joseph Lambert. Joseph La Lancete. Catherine Langlois, widow. Jean La Pense"e. Joseph La Pense"e. Marianne Le Boeuf, widow. Louis Le Brun. Louis Le Compte. Charle Le Fevre. Francois Le Fevre alias Courier, Senr. Jean Marie Le Fevre. Mary Louise Le May, alias Theophile. Joseph Le Page or his Heirs. Leon Le Page. Isaac Levy. Rene Locat. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 69 Francois Longval, Senr. Widow Rassette. Mary Jeane Loisie, Widow. Pierre Roy alias Cadien. Pierre Martin. Francois Saucier, [ean Bap: Mercier. Jean Bap: Saucier. Mary, widow Mercier. Mathieu Saucier. Mary Moony, widow. Alexis Tabeau. lean Bap: Mulote. Francois Trotier, Senr. Th^rese Pancrasse. Louis Trotier. [oseph Pelletier. Francois Turgeon. Michel Pelletier alias Antaya. Widow Turgeon. lean Bap: Perio. Joseph Vaudry. Louis Pilet. Widow Wattape. Paul Poupard. Peter Zippe. Personally appeared before me, William St. Clair, duly mthorized by His Excellency the Governor of the Terri- :ory to take proof of those persons who were Heads of Families at Cahokia and its environs in the Illinois Country n the year One Thousand Seven Hundred" and Eighty Three, Jean Bap: DuBuque, Jean Bap: Saucier, Esquires, ind Charle Ducharme, ancient Inhabitants of Cahokia, vho severally made Oath that the persons on the foregoing List were Heads of Families in the Illinois Country in the rear One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty Three, 'n Witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand at "ahokia, this Thirtieth day of September, 1797. William St. Clair. List* of the Heads of Famileys in Cahokia and its Envi- ons in the year One thousand Seven hundred and Eighty hree: \ * This list is written on a sheet of laid paper, 13x15^ inches, with a /ater-marked crown and date, 1794, and is similar to the paper of the pre- eding list, but of a different make; is in another's handwriting, hurriedly written, probably before, as it has not so many names and is without certifi- ate or endorsement. — G. H. F. 7° EARLY ILLINOIS. Clement Allary. Jean Bapt. Allary. Joseph Allary. Lawrent Amelin. Joseph Andrews. Gabriel Barron. Jean Bte. Barron. Widow Beaulieu. Joseph Beguiere. Isabel Bequet, Widow. Jean Bte. Bergeron. William Biggs. Joseph Bissonet. Widow of George Blin. Joseph BoisVerre. Rene' Bouvet. Ante. Boyer. Thomas Brady. Joseph Buteaui Widow Cabassier, or Heirs. Joseph Cecire. Catherine Chartran, Widow. Jean Bapt. Chartran or Heirs. Louis Chattelle. Francois Chevalier. Mary Crow, Widow. Jean De Hay. Joseph Deloge. Louis Delongchamp. Jean Marie Dorion. Jean Baptist Dubuque. Charles Ducharme. Bartholomew Dumay. Jean Bapt. Dumay. Piere Durebois, Senr. Joseph Dutremble. Phillip Engel. Louis Gagnion. Raphael Gagnion. Piere Gatien. Louis Gaud. Charles Germain. Fancois Germeo. Phillip Gervais. Antoine Girardin. Ardoin [the Heirs of. erased]. Michel Girardin. Pierre Guittar. Ante. Harmand. Joseph Labuxier. Antoine Lacourse. Joseph Lacouture. Charles Lacroix. Piere Lafleur. Michel LaGaudiniere. Antoine La Marche. Joseph Lambert. Joseph La lancet. Catherine Langlois, Widow. Jean Lapence. Joseph Lapence. Marianne Le beuf, Widow. Louis Lebrun. Louis LeCompte. Jean Bapte. Le Croix. Charles Lefevre. Francois Lefevre alias Courier. Jean Marie Lefevre. Michel Le Grave. Marie Louise Lemay dit The- ophile. Leon Le page. Isaac Levi. Renne Locat. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 71 Marie Jean Loize. Francois Longvall, senr. oseph L'page or his heirs. 3 iere Martin. ean.Bapte. Mercier. tfary Moony, Widow, ean Bapte. Mullote. Cherese pancrass, Widow, oseph Peletier. Michel Peletier alias Antaya. ean Bapt. Perio. xmis Pilet. >aul Poupard. Widow Rassett Piere Roy alias Cadien. Francois Saucier. Jean Bapt. Saucier. Matthew Saucier. Alexis Tabeaux. Francois Trotier, Senr. Louis Trotier. Francois Turgeon. Widow Turgeon. Joseph Vaudry. Widow Watapp. Peter Zippe. List* of the Heads of Families at Cahokia, Prairie lupont, and the Americane .Setlements of the present bounty of St. Clair and who were heads of Families in the r ear 1783 — viz: Widow Beaulieu. t Heirs of Belew. Heirs of Jean Bapt. Bequet. Jean Baptist Bergeron. William Biggs. Joseph Biguiere. Heirs of Joseph Bissonet. Element Allari. ean Baptiste Allari. Vidow of Joseph Allari. .awrent Amelin. "elicite" Antalliard, Widow of J Bt. Dumas, leirs of Ardoin. ftdowofGabrielBarron[erased]. Widow of George Blain. ean Bapt. Barron. Jean Baptist BoisVene. * This list is written on all four pages of a large sheet of old paper, water- :arked with the crown and "G. R. 1794." It is endorsed "Lists of Heads F Families in 1783." t The Widow Beaulieu was the daughter of a French officer once stationed Fort Chartres, named Chouvin, who settled in the village of St. Phillippe. ^ere his daughter was born in 1742. She was educated at Quebec, and turned to Cahokia, to which place her father had removed, where she mar- ed M. Beaulieu. She lived a long and useful life, and died at the age of ghty-four in Cahokia. 72 EARLY ILLINOIS. Joseph BoisVene. Shadrach Bond. Shadrach Bond [erased]. Renne Bouvet. . The Heirs of Antoine Boyer. Thomas Brady. Joseph Butoe, Junr. Heirs of Joseph Cabassier. Charles Cadron alias St. Piere. Joseph Cecire. Louis Delong Champ. Heirs of Michel Charli. Widow Chartran. Heirs of the Widow of Jean Bapt. Chartran. Francois Gerome alias Lafleur de Pois. Phillip Gervais. Antoine Girardin. Heirs of Michel Girardin. Heirs of Jacob Groots. Antoine Harmand alias Sanfacon. Joseph Labuxiere. Antoine Lacourse. Joseph LaCouture. Charles Lacroix alias Hagon. Jean Baptiste La croix. Michel La Gaudiniere. Michel La Grave. Joseph La lancet. Antoine Lamarche. Louis Chatel. Claude Chenier,* proved by the Joseph Lambert. oaths of Brady and Pierre la' Widow Lapage. pope to have been living in Jean Lapence. 1783 and had a numerous The Heirs of Joseph Lapence. family, tho' omitted in this list. Widow of Phillip Leboeuf. Widow Crow. Jean De May. Jean Mari Dorion. Jean Baptist Dubuque. Charles Ducharme. Bartholemew Dumas or his heir. Heirs of Joseph Dutremble. Phillip Engel. Raphael Gagnie. Heirs of Louis Gagnion.- James Garetson or his heirs. Giroux. Louis Gaud. Charles Germain. Louis Le brun. Louis LeComte. Charles Lefevre. Franois Lefevre alias Courier. Widow of Louis LeMay alias Theophile. Leon Lepage. Heirs of Isaac Levi. Heirs of Renne Locat. Francois Longval, Senr. Piere Martin. Jean Baptist Mercier. Widow of James Mooney. Widow of James Moore. * This memorandum upon the original list is followed by this unsigned statement: "This memorandum is in the handwriting of Governor St. Clair." EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 7$ |ean Baptist Mulote. Widow of August Rasset. Heirs of Widow Pancrass, Heirs "of Piere Roy alias Cadien. maiden name [Pa— r. blotted]. Francois Saucier. Joseph Peletier. Jean Baptist Saucier. Michel Pettier alias Antaya. Mathew Saucier. James Piggot. Nickolas Smith or his heirs. Louis Pillet. The Heirs of Alexis Tabeaux. Joseph Poirie alias Desloges. Heirs of Francois Trotier. Joseph Poupard alias Dormeur. Louis Trotier. Paul Poupard alias Lafieur. Widow Nickolas Turgeon. Therese Poupard Widow Lang- Joseph Vaudiere. Elisabeth Raine. [lois. Peter Zippe. St. Clair County, ss. Personaly appeared before me, Jean Bapt. Dubuque and Charles Du-charme, Ancient Inhabitats of the Village of Cahokia, who being duly sworn do declare that the within List to the best of their Knowledge is Just and True and the erasures made at their Desire, in Testimony whereof I have to this set my hand Seal this 25th Apl, 1796. Ch. Ducharme. William St. Clair. J. B. Dubuque. St. Clair County, ss. Personaly appeared before me, Jean Bapt. Saucier, Mathew Saucier, Jean Bapt. Allary, and Charles Germain, ancient Inhabitants of the Village of Prairie du pont in the County of St. Clair, who being duly Sworn did declare that the within list is Just and true to the best of their Knowledge, in Testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and Seal at Cahokia, this 25th Apl., 1796. Mth. Saucier. J. B. Saucier. William St. Clair. I do hereby Certify to have examined the within list and find it just to the best of my Knowledge and Remem- brance — in Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand at Cahokia, this '25th day of apl, 1796. A. GlRARDIN. 74 EARLY ILLINOIS. Liste* Des habitans Resident aux Kaskaskias en 1790— Savoir: Pr. Compagni. John Edgar,t Capt'n. 1 chef de familles Toimetre antaya. J 1 Antoine LaChapelle, J Garcon, Ensign. Louis Jermain, Chef de fam. Nicola Canada,§ idem. Michel St. Pierre, idem. Mad. v ve. Lachapelle, idem. 2 Lachapelle Bafcille. \ 3 Baptiste Lachapelle. V Garcpns. 4 Jn Lachapelle. J John Cok, Chef de famille. 5 Cook, fils, [erased]. \ 6 Henry Bienvenu. > Garcon. 7 Michel Bienvenu. ) Etienne Pag^, Chef de famille a militaire. Baptiste alary, idem. * This list is written on a sheet of narrow, dark-colored paper, and en- dorsed "List of the two Companies of Militia at Kaskaskia the first of Augt., 1790. + John Edgar was a native of Ireland, and once a British naval officer. At the beginning of the Revolutionary war he resided at Detroit, and was sent a prisoner to Quebec on account of his sympathy with the colonial cause, which his American wife encouraged. Making his escape by the way, he joined the troops of the colonies, and in 1784 settled at Kaskaskia. He was for many years the wealthiest citizen of Illinois, was elected a member of the legislature of the Northwest Territory, and one of the judges of the St. Clair circuit court, and held other offices. The county of Edgar is named for him. t Antoine LaChapelle died in 1804, at Natchez, on his way from New Orleans in charge of a consignment to William Morrison. He was a son of Basil LaChapelle, who, with his eleven brothers, removed from Canada to Kaskaskia. § Nicholas Canada was an uncle of Pierre Menard's* first wife, and one of the witnesses at their marriage, on behalf of the bride. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 75 Gargon. • Chef de famille. 8 Bazil Alary. 9 Jerom St. Pierre. o Philipe St. Pierre, i Alexi Uoza. 2 Fransois Lemieux. 3 Louis Lemieux. 4 Louis Jermain, fils, [erased]. 5 Novel Toulouse. 6 Pierre Toulouse. 7 Jn. Longvalle. Antoin Provant. \ Labrierre. John Rise Jons.* ) Bienvenu Perre. \ Provau Perre. > Chef de famille. Louis Louvalle. ' P. Janis, [erased]. — Transporte en L'autre Part. Suite De l'autre Part. Blaise Barutel. Glaud Lemieux. aLexi Beauvais. fs. Derouse, Dit St. Pierre, fs. Tibeaux. • Pierre Richard. 8 Anbroise Delinel. \ 9 fs. Carbonnaux. S- Gargon. Aantoine Lavigne. ; 2me. Compagni. Savoir: i Fr. Janisse,t Capt'n Des millise, gargon. Bpte. Lachanse,J lieutenant, Per de famille. * Properly John Rice Jones, the famous lawyer above mentioned, who moved from Vincennes to Kaskaskia in 1790, and is borne on the militia ills of both places in that year. t Francois Janis, one of the witnesses at Pierre Menard's first marriage, 1 his behalf. X One of the witnesses at the above marriage, on behalf of the bride. Chef de famille. 7 6 EARLY ILLINOIS. Per de famille. ■ Tous Garcon. 22 Jac Gautiaux, Enseigne, Gargon. Baptiste Montureulle. Jemi Cord Antoin Bienvenu, fils. Michel Danis. Jerome Danis. 23 Jn. Danis. 24 Andre Sonn. 25 Philipe RocheBlave.* 26 Antoine Bahatte, neveux. 27 Baptiste Gendron, fils. 28 Jn. Quiquette. 29 Jerome Tibeaux. Antoine Bayatte. Jac Devaignais. Jac Moraniy. Michel Antaya. Louis Laderoute. Baptiste Laderoute. Bte. Tomure. Bte. Gendron Perre. Transporte cy Contre. Chef de famille. Chef de famille. Suite De Cy Contre. Bhertelmi Richard. Paul Nehaume. Baptiste Degonier. }■ Chef de famille. Made. we. Tourangaux. t Charl Danis. J * Philipe Rocheblave was the name of the last governor of the Illinois for Great Britain, and if this be the same man he must have returned to Kaskas- kia after the Revolutionary war. + Madame Tourangeau, the widow of Michel Godin, was the mother of Pierre Menard's first wife, and at her house in Kaskaskia their marriage contract was signed. X Charles Danis, an uncle of Pierre Menard's first wife, and one of the witnesses at their marriage in her behalf. Doubtless a descendant of the EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. JJ ;o Vitol Ste. Gemme Bauvais.* -> [i Gabriel Aubuchon.. \ 12 Jn. Calais, rezidant Sure L'autre rive. ( Gar ? on - 13 Pierre Menard.t / 14 James McNabb. 15 Alexr. McNabb. Alaint. Chef de famil. Pierre Cristopher, Garcon, [erased]. 6 Jacque Laderoute, Idem. 7 Pier le basque, gaicon. Liste Des Personne Etable Depuis 1790. — Savoir: Chef de famil. Tonatame Hauslay. ) Marque Navelle. / Antoine Navelle. \ Pierre Beguain. > Garcon. Etienne Parard. ) fs. Charleville. \ Jams Dunn. V Chef de famille. Mark Tomas. ) Wlliam Morisonne. % Jac Lasabloniare. T ,-. )■ Chef de famille. Jan Gomer. Jan Bte. Normand. fs. St. Pierre, Chef de famille. harles Danis to whom the first-recorded land-grant at Kaskaskia was made, [ay 10, 1722. * Vitol Ste. Geme Beauvais. One of the six sons of Jean Baptiste Ste. eme, called Beauvais, from his native place in France, who settled at Kas- iskia about 1750. He bought the property of the Jesuits there on its sale ider the decree for the suppression of that order, and became the wealthiest tizen of his time in Kaskaskia. Vitol Ste. Geme Beauvais was one of the dges of the court of Kaskaskia, elected by the people, under the governor- iip of Col. John Todd, Jr., and afterward resided at Ste. Genevieve, Mo. t Afterward the first lieutenant-governor of the State of Illinois. X William Morrison emigrated from Philadelphia to Kaskaskia about '90, and became a leading merchant there. He died and was buried in e old graveyard at Kaskaskia in 1837. 78 EARLY ILLINOIS. Michel Lasassese. 38 Joseph Page", Garson. 39 Francois Janis. Before me, Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Territory, of the United States northwest of the Ohio, personally appeared Francois Janis, Captain of a Company in the Militia of Kaskaskia and being duly sworn deposeth and sayeth that the Persons whose names are inserted in the foregoing list, and opposite to which the word (Garcon) is written, were all borne on the Militia Rolls of the said Village, on the first day of August, 1790. In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Kaskaskia, the 4th day of October, 1795. Ar. St. Clair. A list* of Capt. Piggot's Companey in the first regiment of militia of the county of St. Clair, the 26 Day of April, 1790: 2 George Atchison, Leut. 43 Isaac brison — left the Coun- 2 1 George Biggs. try about a year afterwards. 5 Shadrik Bond^Sergt. 19 Peter Casterlin. Thomas Bradly [erased.] 31 William Chaffin. 51 James brian — -left the Coun- 42 Elexander Denis. 3 try. 28 Clement Drury. * This list is written upon a sheet of old foolscap paper, water-marked with the word ROMANI upon one page and on the other with the letters T. R. It is endorsed " A list of those persons enrolled in the Militia in the Company of Captn. Piggott, -in St. Clair County, on the first of Augt., 1790," and in another handwriting, " Certified by Gov. St. Clair. " Below is written, appar- ently by Capt. Piggot, " List of Piggot's Company for the year 1 790. " 1 Shadrach Bond, Senior, one of Clark's soldiers, came to the Illinois in 1781, was a member of territorial legislatures, judge of court of common pleas of St. Clair County, and uncle of Shadrach Bond, first governor of the State of Illinois. 2 Killed by the Pottawatomie Indians, returning from Cahokia to Chicago in 1802, near present town of Edwardsvllle, 111. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 79, 29 Ralph Drury. Thomas Marr [erased]. 10 Isaac Enix. 1 7 j hn Mordock. 7 53 James Garispn. 20 John Moore. \6 Charles GilD 2 8 Samuel Morris.' 37 David Guice. 24 William Murry. 6 James Hard [erased]. 4 Benjamin Ogle, Sergnt. 14 Leonard Harness. 1 1 Joseph Ogle— Senior. 8 1 7 James Henderson. 1 2 Do. Junior. 15 George Hendricks. 25 Henerey oharo. 19 Michael Huff. 3 26 John oharro. 3 Nathaniel Hull, 4 Ensn. 1 James Piggot, 9 Captn.. +8 John— Jack. 22 William Piggot. William Jones [erased]. 45 John Porter. 34 Lawrence Kenon. 40 George Powers. Larkin [erased]. 36 Daniel Raper. 2 18 James Lemmon. 5 16 Benjaman Rogers. 44 George Lunceford. 6 Jesse Ronn [erased]. 1 Probably Isaac Enochs, a Kentuckian, celebrated for his contests with the Indians, and as the first convert in Illinois to the Baptist persuasion. 2 One of Hull's party as above. 8 Killed by Indians in 1794, on the road, between Prairie du Rocher and Kaskaskia. Step-father of Maj. John Moredock or Murdoch. 4 Nathaniel Hull was born in Massachusetts, and was one of the first Americans in the Illinois. He was a noted leader in Indian warfare, and in ■793 commanded a party of eight whites who defeated twice their number of ■ed men in a desperate conflict at the Big Spring, in what is now Monroe Co. 6 James Lemen, a Virginian, soldier of the Revolution, one of Hull's party it Big Spring, and a leading Baptist preacher. 6 One of Clark's soldiers. ' John Mordoch or Murdoch, a famous Indian fighter, who swore unend- ing vengeance on the red men because of his mother's death at their hands. 8 Joseph Ogle was one of Nathaniel Hull's party in the Indian fight at Big Spring in 1791. 9 James Piggot was a native of Connecticut, and early in the war of the- Revolution engaged in privateering. Later he removed to Pennsylvania, and :ommanded a company of troops from that State at the battles of Brandywine md Saratoga. He followed Clark to the West, and was for a time in com- nand of Fort Jefferson on the Mississippi, a few miles below the junction of he Ohio. He had served under Gov. St. Clair, who appointed him judg& )f the St. Clair County court. 80 EARLY ILLINOIS. 33 Josiah Ryan. 1 6 Thomas Todd. 30 James Scot. 9 Jesse Waddel. 35 Daniel Shoultz. 52 Isaac West John Simpson [erased]. 23 Laton White. 50 Ebeneazar Sovereigns. 27 George Wilkison — left the 39 John Suliphon. Country soon after. 47 Robert Sybold. 2 32 Samuel Worley. 41 William Tobins. 38 Peter Zip. 3 13 Edward Todd. Before, me, Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Territory northwest of the Ohio, personally appeared James Piggot, Captain of a Company of Militia in the County of St. Clair, and being duly sworn, deposeth and sayeth that the List of Names above written, is the names of the Persons enrolled as Militia, in the Company commanded by him on the first day of August, one thousand seven hundred and. ninety. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand at Cahokia, Septr. 28th, 1795. Ar. St. Clair. Roll 4 of the Company of Militia of the first Regiment of the County of St. Clair Commanded by Francois Saucier, the first day of August, 1790: . Clement Allary. Antoine Bellecour. Jean Bte. Bargeron. Andrew Bequette. Joseph Beland. Thomas Brady. 5 1 One of Hull's party as above. * One of Clark's soldiers. s Killed and scalped by the Indians in 1793, on the trail from New Design to Kaskaskia. . * This roll is written on two pages of a single sheet of laid cap paper, folded the long way, bearing the water-mark of a crown and the initials "G. R.," and is endorsed "Roll of Saucier's Company." 5 A Pennsylvanian, one of the only two residents of Cahokia at this time not of French birth or descent. He led a party of sixteen volunteers in 1777 to the capture of the British post at St. Joseph, and on his return was taken prisoner on the Calumet River by a pursuing force, but escaped and returned to Cahokia. Later he was made sheriff of St. Clair County. He was commonly called " Mr. Tom. " EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 8l foseph Buteau. Alexis Chartran. [ean Bt. Chartron — alias La Becasse. Louis Chattel. Tean Marie Comparet. Alexis Courtois. Tean Marie Dorion. Louis Gervais. Phillip Gervais, Ensgn. Francois Grondine. foseph Grondine. [ohn Hays. 1 Laurent Jeunbergere. Francois L'Abbe". foseph Lachance. [sedore La Croix. Louis Laflame. Piere Lajeunesse, Sergt. , \ntoine Lamarche. Louis Lamarche. liabriel Langlois. Phillip Le Boeuf. Louis Lebrun, Sergt. fean Le Renard. Pascal Letang. Piere Lize. Constant Loncting. Gabriel Marleaux. Bapt. Mercier, Sergt. Juliene Mercier. Jaque [Bte. erased] Mullote. Jean Bt. Mullote. Etienne Nicolle. Julian Nicolle. • Louis Pansinneau [Pensoneau]. Francois Pencrass. Charles Pilet. Louis Pilett. Paul Poupard, Sergt. John Pitchy. Jean Bte.Rupalais, alias Gonevile. [?] Bapt. Saucier, Lieut. 2 Francois Saucier, Captn. 3 Louis St. Germain. Piere Antoine Tabeau. Piere Tecier. William Todd. August Trotier. s Corpls. Sons Clement Trotier. I of Francois Trotier. C Francois Joseph Trotier. 4 ' Trotier. 1 John Hays is said by Gov. Reynolds to have emigrated from New York to Cahokia in 1 793. This shows him there at least three years earlier. He was heriff of St. Clair County from 1798 to 1818, supposed to be the longest erm of office ever held in Illinois. 3 A brother of Capt. Francois Saucier. 3 Francois Saucier was a son of Jean Baptiste Saucier, once a French ifficer at Fort Chartres, who, after the country was ceded to Great Britain in 763, established himself at Cahokia. Francois and his brother Matthieu iaucier founded the village of Portage des Sioux, in Missouri. Pierre lenard's second wife was a daughter of Francois Saucier. iA Canadian who settled in Cahokia in 1775, and conducted a large rading business with New Orleans. 6 82 EARLY ILLINOIS. Francois Trotier, Son of Louis. Rene Tureau. Joseph Trotier, Son of Louis. Nicholas Turgeon. Louis Trotier. Dennis Valentine. Louis Trotier, Junr. Joseph Vizina. Personally appeared before me, Wm. St. Clair, Lieut. Col., Commandant of the first Regiment of the County of St. Clair by Virtue of the powers Invested in me by his Excellency the Governor of the Territory, Jean Bt. Sau- cier, who being duly sworn did Declare that the above is a True Roll of the Company of Militia under his command in August, 1790, In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal at Cahokia, the 13th day of Apl., 1796. William St. Clair* [seal] Roily of the Company of Militia of the first Regiment of the County of St. Clair Commanded by Jean Baptist Dubuque, the first day of August, 1790: Joseph Archambeau. Louis Bourassa. William Arundel. 1 Charles Buteau. Jean Baptist Barron. Charles Cadron. Bazile Beaulieux. Etien Cadron. Jean Beaulieux. Francois Campeau. Michel Beaulieux, Sergt. Piere Chartie. Louis Bergeron. Baptist Chenie. Henry Birron. Glaude Chenie. Josiah Bleakley. Joseph Chenie. Antoine Boyer. Francois Chevalier. * A son of James St. Clair, once captain in the Irish brigade in the service of France. William St. Clair was the first clerk of the court and recorder of St. Clair County. + This roll is written on two pages of an unusually long sheet of old English paper, water-marked with the crown and "G R 1794". It is en- dorsed " Roll of Dubuque's Company. " 1 The only resident of Cahokia at this time not of French birth or descent, except Thomas Brady. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. Piere Chretien. Antoine Lepage, Corpl. August Cleremont. Joseph Lepage. Piere Cleremont. Simon Lepage. Louis Coste.. Piere LaPerche, Sergt. Hubert Delorme. Francois Longvall. Joseph Demarais. Francois Longvall, Senr. Francois Demet. Hippolite Longvall. Jean Baptist Dubuque, Captn. 1 Michel Longvall. Charles Ducharme. Amable Macon. Piere Durebois, Junr. Joseph Manegre, Corpl. Louis Gaud, Senr. Joseph Marie. Louis Gaud, Junr. Joseph Mendoza, Sergt. Louis Gendron. Jean Baptist Mitot. Louis Genvile. Jean Munier. Joseph Goneville. Joseph Pariesien. Edward Hebert. Piere Pecard [erased]. Antoine Hermand, Junr. Piere Picard. Jean Baptist Hermand. Joseph Perie. Louis Hermand. Michel Pilet. Joseph Hymen. Joseph Poupard. Antoine Labuxiere. Bartholomew Prevost, CorpL Louis Labuxiere. Louis Relle. Bazile Laflame. Louis Rouliard. Francois Xavier Lapencee, Sergt. Mathew Saucier, Ensgn. 2 Joseph LaPencee, Lieut. Jaque St. Aubin. Joseph Laplante. Piere St. Aubin. Dennis LaVertue. ■ Gabriel Tellier. Louis LeCompte. Joseph Touchett. Francois Lefevre — alias Courier. Francois Turgeon. Pascal Lefevre — alias Courier. Francois Villareyt, Corpl. Personally appeared before me, Wm, St. Clair, Liei Col, Commandant of the first Regiment of the County 1 Probably a relative of Julien Dubuque, who lived at Cahokia before established himself on the site of the City of Dubuque, Iowa, which is nam for him. 2 A son of Jean Baptiste Saucier, above mentioned, who afterward liv at Portage des Sioux in Missouri. 8 4 EARLY ILLINOIS. St. Clair, by Virtue of the powers Invested in me by his Excellency the Governor of the Territory, Jean Bt. Dubu- que who being duly sworn did Declare that the above is a True Roll of the Compy. of Militia under his Command in Augt, 1790. In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and Seal at Cahokia, the 13th day of Apl., 1796. William St. Clair, [seal] Roll* of the Company of Militia of the first Regiment of the County of St. Clair Commanded by Phillip Engel, the first day of august, 1790: Paul Desloges. Philip Engel, Capt. Charles Germain, Ensn. Jean Bapt. Allary, Lieut. Lawrent Amelin. Michel Antaya. Andrew Bequet. Louis Bisson. Joseph BoisVene. Renne Bouvet. Piere Buteau. Antoine Cabassier. Charles Cabassier. Francois Cabassier. Jean Bapt. Cabassier. Joseph Cabassier. Piere Cabassier, Sergt. Michel Chartier. Baptist Chartran, Sergt. Thomas Chartran. Tousaint Chartran, Corpl, William Crow. Raphael Daubuchon. Joseph Deloges, Junr. Joseph Desloges, Senr. Charles Gill. Jean Noel Godin. Piere Godin, Sergt. Ignace Grondine. Louis Grosle. Piere Guitar, Senr. Piere Guitar, Junr. Jean Guitare, Corpl. Antoine LaCourse. Joseph LaCouture. Charles LaCroix. Jean Bapt. Lalande. Joseph Lalancet, Sergt. Joseph Lambert. Jean Lapence. Lawrent Lefevre. Jaque Letourneau. Franois LMay. Andrew Marlow. * This roll is written on two pages of a sheet of foolscap paper, long- fold, water-marked with the letters " T R ", surrounded by scroll work. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 85 Franois Renousse. Rock. Amant Tellier. Louis Vadbonc-. ur. Thomas Winn. Piere Martin, Corpl. Piere Martin, Junr. Jacque Mayiot. Michel Mitevur. Francois Noize, dit L'abbe\ Joseph Pettie. Personaly appeared before me, Wm. St. Clair, Lieut. Col. Commandant of the first Regiment of the County of St. Clair, by Virtue of the Powers Invested in me by his Excellency the Governor of the Territory, Jean Baptist Allary then Lieut, now Capt. of said Company who being duly sworn did declare that the within is a just Roll of the Company then Commanded by Phillip Engel, in august, 1790. In Witness Whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal at Cahokia, this 25 th day of april, 1796. William St. Clair. Roll* of the Militia of Kaskaskia who were duly enrolled on the 1st day of August, 1790, and had done Militia Duty, and who have not obtained any Donation from the United States : Bazile Alary. Jean Baptiste Alary. Louis Allaire. Joseph Anderson. Antoine Barutel, called Noel Toulouse. Henry Barutel (Toulouse. Pierre Basque. Vital Bauvais, Junior. Henry Bienvenu. Michel Bienvenu. Anthoiny Buyat, Junior. Louis Buyat, Junior. Joseph Calais. Thomas Callahan. Nicholas Cassou. Francis Clark. Louis Charleville. Joseph Chevalier. Hugh McDonald Chissolm. Pedro Christofal. Adam Cook. Henry Cook. John Cook. Charles Danis, fils. Joseph Danis. * Written on a sheet of laid foolscap, with water-mark "J S & C ' endorsed " Roll of the Militia in, Kaskaskia on 1st August, 1 790. "— F. and 86 EARLY ILLINOIS. Francois Dion. Alexis Doza. Joseph Fernande. Philip Galloher. John Baptiste Gendron, Junior. Jean Baptiste Germain. Louis Germain. Jacque Gossiaux. David Gray. Pierre Grenier. Francois Janis. John Rice Jones. Jacob Judy. Samuel Judy. Antoine Labriere. Jean Baptiste LaChance. Antoine LaChapelle. Baptiste LaChapelle. Bazile LaChapelle. Joseph LaChapelle. Louis LaChapelle. Jacque Laderoute. Hipolite Laforme. Ignace Lagauterie. Michael Lasource. Francois Lemieux. Louis Lemieux. Joseph Lonval. Alexander McNabb. James McNabb. Pierre Menard. Francis Montrie. Alexis Morris. Jean Baptiste Morris. William Morrison. Gabriel Obuchon. Manuel Portugais. Charles Robin, Junior. Augustin Royer. [oute. Louis Seguin otherwise Lader- John Knaresborough Simpson. Jean Baptiste Derousse St.Pierre. Jerome Derousse Stpierre. Joseph Derousse St. Pierre. Michael St. Pierre. Philip Derousse St.pierre. Bartholomew Tardiveau. Joseph Tellier [erased]. Jean Baptiste Thaumur, Junior. Levy Theel. Jerome Thibault. Joseph Thuillier. Francois Barutel Toulouse. Pierre Barutel Toulouse. Noel Toulouse [erased]. William Young Whiteside. s Territory of the United States Northwest of the Ohio. — Randolph County, sc. Be it remembered that on the twenty third Day of September one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven personally came before us the subscribers two of the Jus- tices of the peace of the said County, Antoine Peltier, called Antaya, of Kaskaskia in the said County, a Capi- tain of militia in the said place, who made oath on the EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 87 holy Evangelists of Almighty God that the several persons whose names are contained on the two sides of this sheet of paper were on the first Day of August one thousand seven hundred and ninety enrolled in the militia at Kas- kaskia aforesaid and had done militia Duty as such and also that the said several persons have not to the Know- ledge or Belief of this Deponent obtained a Donation of four hundred acres of land from the United States. Sworn before us the Day & ~| The mark of year above mentioned. J X J. Edgar. Antoine Peltier Wm. Morrison. • called Antaya. Roll of the militia of Prairie du Rocher in the County of St. Clair on the first Day of August, one thousand seven hundred and ninety who had done Militia Duty : Augustin Allard Francois Gerard Andre Barbau Augustin Girard Tousaint Bavarel Jean Gomes Joseph Blay, junior Francois Julien Louis Blay, junior Charles Laforme, junior Pierre Camus Jean Baptiste Lajoye Charles Chevalier Pierre Lajoye Francois Coline Etienne Langlois Ayme' Comte, junior Joseph Lavoye. junior Joseph Comte Ambroise Levasseur Pierre Comte* Joseph Levasseur Jean Bapte. Culmaut* Louis Levasseur Gabriel Decochy, junior Nicholas Olivier Raphael Drury Jean Baptiste omier , Antoiue DuClos Jean Baptiste Perin Jean Baptiste DuClos Pierre Picard Joseph Ferrier Andre" Roy Joseph Genereu Francois Tangue" * These two are on the Captain's [Barbau] list. 88 EARLY ILLINOIS. Joseph Tangue, junior Simon Toiton Charles Thibault George Wittmer, junior Francois Thibault, junior Nicholas Witmer Jean Baptiste Thibault Territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio. Randolph County, ss. Be it remembered that on the Twenty Second day of October, in the year One Thousand Seven hundred and Ninety Seven, personally appeared Jean Bapt. Barbeau, Junr. Esquire, Captain of Militia at Prairie du Rocher aforesaid, who made oath according to Law that the sev- eral persons above and within named were on the first day of August, One Thousand Seven hundred and Ninety duly enrolled at Prairie du Rocher aforesaid and had done Militia Duty therein, and also that the said Several Persons have not received or obtained any Donation of Lands from the United States to the knowledge or belief of this Deponent. Sworn the Day and Year above mentioned, \ before me a Justice of the Peace of the VBarbau, fils. said County of Randolph. J J. Edgar. General Return* of the militia inrolled in the (now) County of St. Clair on the first Day of August one thou- sand seven hundred and ninety: JcClement Allary. ^Michel Antaya, jcLieutt. Jean Baptiste Allary. Joseph Archambeau. Alphonso. William Arundel. arLaurent Amelin. Alexander Atcheson. [x] "Received Donation." [* This list and accompanying affidavit cover seven pages of old crown water- marked paper. The part of the sheet which in a corresponding list contained the initals "G R" has been cut out. The names are all in the handwriting of John Rice Jones, and so certified by his son. ] EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 8 9 Jeutt. George Atchison, "imothy Ballew. Jean Baptiste Baron. Jazile Beaulieu. ean Beaulieu. ^ov.is Beaulieu. Michel Beaulieu. oseph Beland. Intoine Belcour. ^aurent Jean Berger. Jean Baptiste Bergeron, jouis Bergeron, .ouis Bibeaux. Jeorge Biggs. August Biron. -lenry Biron. -.ouis Bisson. ean Marie Bissonet. osiah Bleakly [erased]. Joseph Boisver. Lndre Boquet. 'ierre Bourassa. :Rene Bouvet. ubenezer Bowen. :Antoine Boyer. Thadious Bradley, ohn Brady. & :Thomas Brady. Llexis Brisson. ames Bryan, saac Bryson. "harles Buteau, Junr. Joseph Buteau. mtoine Cabassier. Charles Cabassier. r rancois Cabassier. ean Baptiste Cabassier. Joseph Cabassier. Pierre Cabassier. Charles Cadron, Junior. Etienne Cadron. Francois Campeau. Sanson Canadien. Peter Casterline. Isaac Chalfin. William Chalfin. Jean Baptiste Champlain. Pierre Chartier. Alexis Chartran. Jean Bap. Chartran, alias Labou- Jean Baptiste Chartran. [asse. Michel Chartran [erased]. Thomas Chartran. Toussaint Chartran. .arLouis Chatele. John Baptiste Chenie. Joseph Chenie. Claude Chenier. #Fran§ois Chevalier. Pierre Chretion. Louis Clermond. Auguste Clermont. Pierre Clermont. Jean Marie Comparet. Louis Coste. Alexis Courtois. .^William Crow, Raphael D'Aubuchon. ^Joseph Deloge, Senior. Joseph Deloge, Junior. Hubert Delorme. Joseph Demaret. Francois Deme'te. Alexander Dennis. 9Q EARLY ILLINOIS. jcjean Marie Dorion. jcClement Drury. *Raphael Drury. Pierre Dubois, Junior. jcCapn. Jean Baptiste Dubuque. ^Charles DuCharme. jtCapn. Philip Engel. Isaac Enox. [Enoch] Jean Baptiste Fleurant. Pierre Jacques Foubert. James Garretson. jfLouis Gaud, Senior. Louis Gaud, Junior. Louis Gendron. Antoine Gerardine, Jr. jcEnsign Charles Germain. acFrancois Gerome. Louis Gervais. ^Ensign Phillip Gervais. tCharles Gill. Louis Giroux. Jean Noel Godin. Pierre Godin. Joseph Goneville. Louis Goneville. Antoine Grandbois. Joseph Grenier. Francois Grondine. Ignace Grondine. Joseph Grondine. Louis Grosle'. William Grotz. j^David Guise. IJean Guittar [erased]. Pierre Guittar, Junior. * In Prairie du Rocher list. { On Vincennes list. Antoine Harmand, Junior. Jean Baptiste Harmand. Louis Harmand. Leonard Harness. John Hays [erased]. James Head. Edward Hebert. George Hendricks. James Henderson. Michael Huff. #*Ensign Nathaniel Hull. Joseph Hymen. John Jack. William Jones. *Lawrence Kenyon. Francois Labbe*. Antoine Labusiere. Louis Labusiere. Francois Labuxiere. Joseph LaChance. xAntoine LaCource. ajoseph LaCouture. Charles LaCroix. Isidore LaCroix. Bazile Laflamme. Louis Laflamme. Pierre Lajeunesse. ^Joseph Lalamet. Jean Baptiste Lalande. aAntbine Lamarche. Jacque Lamarche. Louis Lamarche. .xjoseph Lambert. Gabriel Langlois. Raphael Langlois. + On the Donation list. EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 91 rancois Lapence. Lieutt. Joseph Lapence. [ean Lapense. ierre Laperche. >seph Laplante. ennis Lavertu. :an Baptiste Leblanc. hilip Leboeuf. Louis Lebrun. Louis LeCompte. rancois Lefevre, alias Courie, aurent Lefevre. [Junr. ascal Lefevre. rancois Lemay. imes Lemen. ntoine Lepage. )seph Lepage. mon Lepage. :an LeRenard. iscal Letang. icque Letourneau. ouis Pierre Levy. ierre Lize. onstant Longtemp. Francois Longval, Senior. rancois Longval. ippolite Longval. ubert LpngVall. Michel Longval. rancois Lubbe" [erased]. eorge Luntsford. 1 )hn Lyle. triable Magon. iseph Manegre. >seph Marie. abriel Marleaux. Gabriel Marleaux, Junior. Jean Baptiste Marleaux. Andrew Marlow. .^Pierre Martin. Pierre Martin, Junior. Jacque Mayiot. Thomas Mars. Henry McLaughlin. James McRoberts. Joseph Mendoza. Hubert Mercier. .xjean Baptiste Mercier. Julien Mercier. Jean Baptiste Methode. Michel Metioier. John Moore. William Moore. John Moredoch [Murdoch]. Louis Morin. Samuel Morris. Jacque Mullote. a;Jean Baptiste Mulotte. Jean Munier. William Murray. 1 Etienne Nicholle. Julien Nicholle. Benjamin Ogle. Joseph Ogle, Senr. Joseph Ogle, Junr. Henry O'Hara, Junr. John O'Hara. Louis Panconneaux. Francois Pancrass. Marrain Pancrass. Joseph Parisien. ^Joseph Peltier. [ r One of George Rogers Clark's soldiers on his expedition to the Illinois.] 9 2 EARLY ILLINOIS. Jean Francois Perrey [erased]. James Scott. Pierre Picard. Ebenezer Severns [Sovereig Jean Baptiste Girard St. Robert Seybold. 1 [Jean Pierre. Daniel Shultz. *Capn. James Piggot. Levi Piggot. William Piggot. xLouis Pilet. Michel Pilet. Charles Pilot. Etienne Pinsonneau. Joseph Poirie. Paul Poirier. John Porter. .^Joseph Poupard. *Paul Poupard. George Powers. Bartholomew Provost. Jean Baptiste Provost. Francois Ranousse. Jean Baptiste Rapelais alias Christopher Smith. Claude St. Aubin. Jacque St. Aubin. Louis St.Germain. Pierre Locuyer dt St Sauvei John Sullivan. Pierre Antoine Tabeau. Amant Tellier. Gabriel Tellier. Pierre Texier. Edward Todd. Thomas Todd. William Todd [erased]. Joseph Toucher. Auguste Trotier. Clement Trotier. Francois Trotier, son of Lo Daniel Raper. Jesse Raynor. John Ritchie. William Robins. Michel Roche. Benjamin Rodgers. Louis Rohle. Pierre Roilhe. Louis Rouliard. *Josiah Ryan. -rCaptain Francois Saucier. [Genville. Joseph Trotier, son of Loui Joseph Trotier. arLouis Trotier, Senior. Louis Trotier, Junior. ^Francois Turgeon. Nicholas Turgeon. Louis Vadboncceur. Dennis Valentin[e]. Jean Vandet. Joseph Vaudry, Junr. Francois Villaret. Joseph Vizina. aLieutt. Jean Baptiste Saucier. Alexander Wadle. xEnsign Matthew Saucier. David Wa[d]dle. * In Prairie du Rocher list. t 1 One of George Rogers Clark's soldiers on his expedition to the Illi EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. ' 93 »se Wadle. Thomas Winn. :orge Ware. John Worley. irdy Ware. Samuel Worley. lac West. Francois Young, ton [Leighton] White. .xPeter Zippe. :orge Wilkinson. Rend Zureau. Personally appeared before me William St.Clair Duly thorized by his Excellency the Governor to take proof the Claims appertaining to the Militia of the County St. Clair James Piggot Jean Bapt. Dubuque Jean Bapt. lucier and Jean Bapt. Allary who severally affirmed that e Within is true Rolls of their respective Company of ilitia in the Month of August one thousand seven hun- ed and ninety. In witness whereof I have hereunto set y hand at Cahokia this thirteenth day of Septe. one ousand seven hundred and ninety seven. William St.Clair. Malicia [Militia] List* of [James] Piggot's Company in e first Regiment, County of St. Clair, September, 1795 :f :orge Atchison, Lieutn. a John Brand noris Baily aWm. Branham mothy Ballew a Robert Callwell tichard Barrow Robbart Casbold hn\Basye a Peter Casterlin m. Basye Wm. Chaffin :orge Biggs a Joseph Chance hn battest Blundey a William Clark adrac[k] Bond, Sargt. Adam Clover ladeus Bradley a Jacob Clover ' This list is written on paper the same as the one that appears on page and written by the same person; is endorsed "Piggot's Company, year 15"; and is not certified. — F. ■ [Those marked [a] were "Settlers at New Design and Belle fountain"; others, "The people at Whiteside Station."] 94 EARLY ILLINOIS. aWm. Clover John Dempey a Elexander Denis Clement Drury a Isaac Enix [Enoch] a James Espy John Everet a James Garrotson " John Geins a Isaac Gillham a James Gillham a Samuel Gillham a John Givoon a Wm. Going, jr. aWm. Going, sr. a George Griffin a John Griffin Wm. Groots Solomon Guice Thomas Halfpenny aWm. Hamilton a Leonard Harness James Hedd a James Hendrison a George Hendrix a Elisha Herrington aWm. Herrington a Joseph Hogan Adam House John Hufman [Hoffman] Daniel Hull Geils Hull Nathaniel Hull, Ensin. a Harmon Huslands Henry Jones John Jones Wm. Jones Samuel Judy Lawrence Kenon .. a Abraham Kinney a Andrew Kinney a Joseph Kinney a Samuel Kinney a Winder Kinney a James Lemen John Loc George Lunceford Thomas Mars Michael Masterson. aElihu Mathers Daniel McCan a Wm. Mcglohlin [McLaughlin] Henry McLaughlon n John Merney a Eli Misick Peter Casterlin z/William Chalfin Antoine la Chapelle Baptiste la Chapelle Bazil la Chapelle Johannes la Chapelle Charle Chevalier Antoine du Clos Johannes Comte Pierre Comte Aime - Conte, junr John Cook, junr Jean Baptiste Cotine John Davis Dechochis, junr ^Alexander Denis Jacque la deroute Alexi Doza Raphael Drore ■wClement Drury z'Ralph Drury r/Isaac Enix [Enoch] Jean flandre zjames Garisson Jacque Gautiaux Baptist Gendron, junr Louis Germain, junr z/Charles Gill Francois Girard Johannes Guiguelle z/David Guise ^Leonard Harness zjames Henderson vGeorge Henricks z/Michel Huff zjohn Jack Francois Janis Francois Janis Jean Baptiste la joye Pierre la Joye Jullien z'Lawrence Ken[y]on L'Avay, junr zjames Lemmon [Lemen] Antoine de lines Johannes longVal z'George Lunceford Alexander McNabb James McNabb Francois le mieux . Louis le mieux Pierre Misrard [Menard] zjohn Moore z'Samuel Morris zjohn Murdoch zAVilliam Murray z-Joseph Ogle, senior 7 Joseph Ogle, junior zjames O'Hara zjohn O'Hara EARLY ILLINOIS CITIZENS. 97 jseph Page" aptiste Perier aptiste Perier [erased] William Piggot Daniel Piper rohn- Porter George Powers William Robins hilipe Rocheblave Benjamin Rogers ndre" Roi rancois Rousseau foseph Ryan fames Scott Daniel Shoultz Ebenezer Sovereigns irome St. Pierre hilipe St. Pierre [ohn Sullivan z/Robert Sybold Francois Tangue" Johannes Tangue Jerome Tibaux Francois Tibo, junr ^Edward Todd zThomas Todd Nouel Toulouse * Pierre Toulouse Ambroise Vapeur Antoine la Vigne wjesse Waddel z>Isaac West z/Laton [Leighton] White ^George Wilkinson George Witmer Nicolas Witmer ^Samuel Worley wPeter Zipp[e] Petition of Certain Inhabitants of Vincennes:* To the Honorable Winthrop Sargent, Esquire, Secre- iry of the Territory of the United States Northwest of le Ohio, now vested with all the Powers of the Governor lereof. The Petition of certain Inhabitants of Vincennes, tost respectfully showeth: hat your Petitioners were heads of Families at Kaskas- ia in the Illinois Country in 1783, where they are entitled * This petition is written on the first page of a sheet of laid letter-paper, th the water-mark of "FLOYD & CO. 1794"; on the last page is the dress "The Honorable Winthrop Sargent, Esqr."; and endorsed in the ndwriting of Gov. St. Clair, " Petition of certain Persons for donations who ;re heads of Families at Kaska, and had removed to St. Vincennes." — F. 6a 98 EARLY ILLINOIS. to the Donation of the United States of Four hundred acres of land each. That previous to the year 1791 they removed thence to- this Place, where they have fixed their Residence. They therefore pray that your Honour would be pleased to cause to be laid out for them, their respective Dona- tion lands adjoining those already laid out for the heads, of Families at Vincennes, agreeable to an Act of the United States, passed the third day of March, One Thou- sand Seven hundred and Ninety- one. And Your Peti- tioners will ever pray. X Jerome Crely. Postvincennes, 26 Octore. X Francoise Tonton. 1797. . X Antoine Renaud. pro. Charlote Renaud v his heir at law FERCUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 81. FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY, CHICAGO. JOHN RICE JONES. RICE JONES. FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 3 2. JOHN RICE JONES: A BRIEF SKETCH. OF THE [FE AND PUBLIC CAREER OF THE FIRST PRACTISING LAWYER IN ILLINOIS. RICE JONES: A BRIEF MEMOIR OF THE LAST REPRESENTATIVE OF RANDOLPH COUNTY IN THE. GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF INDIANA TERRITORY, AND THE VICTIM OF AN HISTORICAL TRAGEDY OF EARLY ILLINOIS. W. A. BURT JONES. REPRINTED FROM Vol. IV., Chicago Historical Society's Collections :. " Early Chicago and Illinois. " CHICAGO: FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY, 1889. JOHN RICE JONES. -A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND PUBLIC CAREER OF THE FIRST PRACTISING LAWYER IN ILLINOIS. By W. A. Burt Jones of St. Paul, Minnesota. * *. "A friend to truth, of soul sincere, In action faithful, and in honor clear." JOHN RICE JONES was born in Mallwyd, a beautiful village on the "murmuring Dyfi," in that wildest and most picturesque of all Welsh counties, Merionethshire, February n, 1759. He was one of fourteen children and the eldest son of John Jones, Esq., a gentleman in good •circumstances and of highly respectable social standing, belonging as he did to an ancient and honorable family celebrated in the history and poetry of his native country, "fair Wales, the land of song." John Rice Jones received a collegiate education at Ox- ford, England, and afterward took a regular course in both medicine and law. He then established himself in the practice of the latter in London, where, in 1753, in St. George's Church, Hanover Square, his parents had been married, and where a number of relatives and friends resided. In a deed dated in 1783, and conveying to him •certain property in Brecon, Wales, he, then a resident of the British metropolis, is described as "John Rice Jones of Thanet Place, in the Strand, in the Parish of St. Clement Danes, in the County of Middlesex, gentleman," which locates him pretty closely in the great city a hundred years ago. He came to America in February, 1784, and located in Philadelphia, where he engaged in the practice of his pro- 7 99 IOO EARLY ILLINOIS. fession, and made the friendly acquaintance of Dr. Benja- min Rush, Benjamin Franklin, Myers Fisher, the eminent lawyer, and other distinguished men, to some of whom he had letters of introduction. He remained here some two- years, when, having long heard of the wonderful Far West, and evidently having strong confidence in the greatness- and importance it would assume in the early future, he there decided to cast his lines, and accordingly set out on the long and tedious journey of over eight hundred miles, to Louisville, Ky., his objective point, and then the most important American settlement west of the Alleghany Mountains, the trip to which was fraught with many perils and discomforts, yet which, we are told, was in many ways extremely interesting and enjoyable in a pleasant season of the year. It is not known whether he came with his family from Philadelphia to Fort Pitt — now the city of Pittsburg, in> the centre of a vastly- extended civilization, but then an isolated and lonely military post on the remote frontier — and thence down the Ohio River by boat, or came entirely overland by the only other route to the West, which crossed the Blue-Ridge Mountains above the head-waters of the Potomac, then led down between that range and the Alleghanies to old Fort Chissel, and thence via the Great Wilderness road, which admitted of only horseback and foot travel, through Kentucky by way of Cumberland Gap. He reached his destination in safety; however, as, after his departure from Philadelphia, we next meet him at the Falls of the Ohio, or Louisville, where, in Sept., 1786V he joined the army of one thousand men raised and com- manded by Gen. George Rogers Clark, under the authority of Virginia, for the suppression of the hostile Wabash tribes of Indians. Gen. Clark proceeded into their coun- try some distance above Vincennes, when it was deemed, inexpedient— owing to the partial loss of supplies, shipped JOHN RICE JONES. IOI after them via the Ohio, and to the discontent and deser- tion of some of the troops — to proceed further, and the little army, abandoning the expedition, fell back to Vin- cennes. Owing to the exposed condition of that post at the time, it was considered advisable to establish there a military garrison, and the project was determined upon and carried into execution at once by a council composed of the field-officers of the Wabash expedition, the garri- son, it was decided, to consist of three hundred men — two hundred and fifty infantry, and a company of artillery under Capt. Valentine T. Dalton. Gen. Clark assumed the supreme direction of the corps, and levied recruits, appointed officers, and impressed provisions for their sup- port.* Of this garrison, John Rice Jones was appointed commissary-general, in place of John Craig, Jr., who was first appointed but did not act.f At this time, negotiations were pending between the United States and the court at Madrid relative to the con- cession by Spain of the right to the navigation of the Mississippi River by the Americans. This privilege had always been vigorously denied the United States by the Spanish government, and had become not only a bone of diplomatic contention between the two countries, but a fruitful cause of ill-feeling between the citizens of the one and the subjects of the other living and intermingling on the borders of the western possessions of the nations con- cerned. The Spaniards there had repeatedly confiscated property of and committed other outrages upon Ameri- cans, and when an unfounded but readily-credited rumor came that congress had conceded everything to Spain, and that in consequence the citizens of the Far West would thenceforth have to champion their cherished cause alone and take care of themselves and their interests generally, * Dillon's " History of Indiana. " + Dunn's " Indiana : A Redemption from Slavery. " 102 EARLY ILLINOIS. intense excitement and resentment followed and prompted measures of summary retaliation for the depredations com- mitted upon them in the past. A systematic and vigorous course was adopted at Vin- cennes by Gen. Clark, under whose direction the garrison troops seized upon all Spanish property at the post and the Illinois, very considerable and valuable altogether, and turned it over to John Rice Jones, who as commissary- general, by regular appointment of Gen. Clark, retained a proper portion of the contraband property for garrison uses, and disposed of the remainder at auction* for the partial indemnification of citizens whose possessions had been as unceremoniously appropriated by Spanish pil- lagers. John Rice Jones was at this time only twenty- seven years of age, and his abilities and character must have been very marked to have secured for him in a brief period his considerable local prominence and, above all, the confidence and esteem, which he undoubtedly possessed, of such a man as Gen. Clark, "the Washington of the West, whose genius, abilities, and bravery, that elevated him above his fellow-men," rendered his friendship an honor to any man upon whom it was bestowed. John Rice Jones seems to have become thoroughly im- bued with the martial spirit of the period and country in which he lived. First we find him as a member of Gen. Clark's army, recruited at the Falls of the Ohio for service against the Indians of the Wabash; next as commissary- general of the Vincennes garrison; and after an interval of four years — a period in Mr. Jones' military history which the- writer has no data concerning, but one in which the former no doubt continued his connection with the garrison until its dissolution in the summer of 1787, and from that time with local militia organizations — we accidentally discover him, so to speak, as one of "the effective men belonging * Dillon's "History of Indiana, " and Dunn's "Indiana." JOHN RICE JONES. 103 o Capt. Pierre Gamelin's company at Post Vincennes, uly 4. 179°-"* This company was a militia organization lesigned to serve at home or in the field against the ndians, who throughout the spring and summer of 1790 'continued to wage irregular war against emigrating fami- ies and settlers along the borders of the Ohio, from its nouth to Pittsburg." Their harassing hostilities occasioned Gen. Josiah Har- nar's famous but fruitless expedition against them in the all of this year, and called forth, under Maj. John Francis HIamtramck, the- local militia, including Capt. Gamelin's :ompany, at the post, in addition to the regular United- states garrison under him, which garrison was established n July, 1787, by the then Col. Harmar, to succeed that )f Gen. Clark's creating. Hamtramck's expedition as >rdered by Gen. Harmar, who himself operated against he Miamis, was directed against the Wabash tribes. Be- ore the approach of this command, which is known in listory as the "Wabash regiment," the Indians, not stay- ng to do battle, fled precipitately, deserting several vil- ages and their contents,, which were destroyed by the vhite troops. Mr. Jones probably took part in other cam- >aigns against the Indians, but the writer has had access o but few manuscript records, official or otherwise, Which Lre scattered, and has not chanced to find any published rork giving further information on the point. In accordance with the act of congress of March 3, 1791, ohn Rice Jones received from the United States govern- nent a grant of one hundred acres of land, located near /incennes, Northwest Territory, for his services as militia- nan, as also did three of his brothers-in-law, the Barger irothers, as will hereafter appear.f He had before this irobably acquired considerable real possessions, and in a * Law's "Colonial History of Vincennes." + " American State Papers — Public Lands, " Vols. I and VII. io4 EARLY ILLINOIS. few years -became an extensive land-owner, as the early territorial records of both Indiana and Illinois, as well as the general government archives, abundantly attest. The Ordinance of 1787 imposed the ownership of considerable real estate conditional to eligibility to the higher civil offices, as it did in a smaller measure to the right to hold lesser ones, and even to the right of suffrage. It is likely that in those days of scarcity of money, John Rice Jones frequently had to take real property, or claims thereto, in exchange for legal services, and by that means, as well as by purchases outright, accumulated his many thousands of acres of land. In 1808, he paid taxes on i6,400.acres in Monroe County alone; he and Pierre Menard, Gen. John Edgar, Robert and William Morrison, James O'Hara, Richard Lord, and a few others, being heavy owners. Unlike most pioneers, he did not engage in promiscuous pursuits, as trading with the Indians, hunting and trap- ping, cultivating the soil, merchandising, and so forth, but devoted himself entirely to the practice of his profession, in which he was very able, and to politics, in which he was as accomplished as he was influential, and cut an important figure. He very soon acquired and always con- tinued to enjoy an extensive and lucrative law-practice, and this professional success combined with his reputation as a classical scholar, as a man of varied and extensive learning, of practical knowledge of men and affairs, and of great ambition, coupled with a mental activity and an energy of character equally remarkable, soon placed him among the most prominent men in a country where those of his qualifications and qualities were the exception and not the rule. As such a character he was found by John Gibson, secretary of the newly-formed Indiana Territory, on his arrival at Vincennes, in July, 1800. With Mr. Gib- son he early formed a close personal and political friend- ship, and similar relations immediately grew up between JOHN RICE JONES. 105 him and Gov. William Henry Harrison, after the arrival of the latter, in January, 1 801, to assume the administra- tion of territorial affairs. Gov. Harrison at once recognized his abilities, and in the latter part of January or early in February, commis- sioned him attorney-general of the Territory, the first civil office ever held by Mr. Jones, so far as we are informed. We have it on the authority of historians that John Rice Jones not only enjoyed the political confidence of Gov. Harrison, but that their personal relations were of a very intimate nature, and. that Mr. Jones exercised a by no means inconsiderable influence as an adviser of the gov- ernor up to the time of their rupture,- in 1807-8. He continued attorney-general until the date of his appoint- ment as a member of the territorial legislative council, in February or March, 1805, and therefore filled the former office for a period of exactly four years. In December, 1802, there convened at Vincennes the famous slavery convention of that year, which, outside of the general assembly, was the first public body of a univer- sally representative character to formally discuss the deli- cate question in all its bearings, and to lay the sentiments and wishes of the majority of the people of the entire territory before congress. The delegates, twelve in num- ber, were chosen by the people in a regular election, held, pursuant to proclamation of the governor, simultaneously in the several counties, and, of course, represented the predominating sentiment of their respective constituen- ts. The members "ranked among the most intelligent and public-spirited men of the Territory," and were Gov. Harrison, Col. Francis Vigo, Wm. Prince, Luke Decker, Pierre Menard, Robert Reynolds, Robert Morrison, Jean Francois Perry, Shadrach Bond, Maj. John Moredock, and, t is thought, Davis Floyd and William Biggs. Theirs are low historic names, and all were strong pro-slavists except 106 EARLY ILLINOIS. the last two, or whoever were the two representatives fror Clark County. Gov. Harrison was president and John Rice Jones secre tary of this convention, which continued in session eigh days, and on the last day, December 28, agreed on memorial and petition, probably the work of the skilfu able, and fluent pen of their secretary, to congress. The; prayed for the suspension for ten years of the sixth articl of the Ordinance of 1787, "the Magna Charta of the West, which prohibited, but did not prevent, slavery in the tei ritory; and among many things, recommended Gov. Hai rison for reappointment and John Rice Jones for chiel justice of the territorial court. Only two of the request were granted : that for the payment of a salary to th attorney-general — to which office, then held as from th first by John Rice Jones, it is presumed fees had bee attached — and that for the right of preemption to actus settlers on public lands. John Rice Jones strongly favored the advance of th territory to the second grade, or representative form, an used his influence toward the accomplishment of that en< which was achieved by a majority of one hundred an thirty-eight of the freeholders of the territory at the elei tion held September 11, 1804. Members of the house < representatives were chosen at the election of January following, and that body convened at Vincennes on Fel ruary 1, and, in accordance with law, nominated for coui cillors ten men whose names were forwarded to Presidei Jefferson, for him to select from them those of five me to compose the legislative council. The president returne five commissions with the spaces for names left blank, wil instructions to Gov. Harrison to choose out of the t( nominees the five best fitted, in the governor's opinion, f the responsible offices, rejecting "land-jobbers, dishone men, and those who, though honest, might suffer ther JOHN RICE JONES. loj selves to be warped by party prejudices." Those selected, one for each county, were John Rice Jones, Benjamin Chambers, Samuel Gwathmey, John Hay, and Pierre Menard, all assuredly able men, whose superiors intellect- ually and morally it would have been difficult to find anywhere. John Rice Jones was appointed from Knox County, the seat of government of which was also the territorial capi- tal, Vincennes, and continued its representative in the council until October 26, 1808, when the governor, for reasons that appeared to him sufficient, permanently dis- solved the general assembly — an act that was premature,, in that it left no authorized body to organize the first legislature of the new Indiana Territory, as contemplated by law, and rendered special congressional legislation nec- essary in the matter. During the second and last session of the second general assembly, which was the last held under the old organiza- tion, and which second session began on September 26, 1808, and continued exactly one month, John Rice Jones was president of the legislative council, the three preced- ing sessions of that body having been presided over by Benjamin Chambers. Immediately after the expiration of his service as councillor, extending over a period of some three years and seven months, John Rice Jones removed to Kaskaskia, the seat of government of the newly-erected Illinois Territory, whither he had removed 1 , from Vincennes in 1790 and where he continued to reside till about the beginning of 1801, when he returned to- Vincennes. His son, Rice Jones, had located at Kaskas- kia in the practice of law in 1806, and had become very prominent politically, having in the election of July, 1808,. been chosen to represent Randolph County in the lower house of the general assembly, which office he continued to hold till the dissolution of the legislature in October 108 EARLY ILLINOIS. following, as before mentioned. John Rice Jones contin- ued to make his home in Kaskaskia, after his removal thither in the fall of 1 808, till his removal to St. Louis -some two years later. In 1805, a memorial to congress in favor of domestic slavery in a modified form and against a division of the Territory was introduced into the general assembly, but •defeated; not on the slavery question, for both houses ■were overwhelmingly pro-slavery, but because a majority of the representatives in the lower house were friends of •division. A petition embodying the slavery part of the memorial was afterward signed by a large majority of the members of both houses, in a non-representative capacity, and duly forwarded to Delegate Benjamin Parke in con- gress. Among the signers was John Rice Jones, a consist- ent pro-slavist, whose name, it appears, was affixed to various memorials and petitions presented to congress at different times in favor of the temporary abrogation of the much-discussed sixth article of the Ordinance of 1787, but who, so far as the writer has discovered, was neither a fanatic on the subject nor a holder of slaves, though he was abundantly able, as a man of wealth, to be an exten- sive owner. [See note on page 139.] If it was a heinous crime to advocate the legal suspen- sion, by act of the supreme legislative body of the Nation, of the slavery-debarring provision of the ordinance under which the territories came into being, what was it to hold and traffic in negro bondsmen, in direct violation of an ■existing law, though that law was questionable as in itself a violation of three antedating promises and guarantees most solemnly made ? Yet a great majority of the fore- most men in the territories of Indiana and Illinois were slave-holders — men equally conspicuous for their intelli- gence, patriotism, and social respectability, as well as for their political prominence. JOHN RICE JONES. IO9 Among the leading public men besides John Rice Jones who were pronounced pro-slavists, were such characters as Gov. Wm. Henry Harrison, Secretary John Gibson, Dele- gate, afterward Judge, Benjamin Parke, councillors Benja- min Chambers, Pierre Menard, Robert Reynolds, Samuel Gwathmey, and John Hay; Col. Francis Vigo, Judge Jesse B. Thomas, Hon. Shadrach Bond, Gen. John Edgar, Gen. Washington Johnston, Judge John Johnson, and hun- dreds of other eminent public characters, extending down to the time of and including such men as Gov. Ninian Edwards, Judge Nathaniel Pope, Hon. Sidney Breese, Secretary-of-State Elias Kent Kane, and, in short, almost every man of public note throughout the Indiana and Illinois territorial periods, and many for long years after the admission of Indiana into the Union. Such were the exalted public and private virtues of these men that they were then good enough company for any- body, whatever his pretensions to moral worth, intellectual attainments, or patriotism, to be in, and however such company might now be esteemed by a more virtuous age. All these men went to their graves honest believers in the perfect propriety of slavery, and while the institution as a political establishment has since been forever abolished by constitutional amendment and swallowed up in an ocean of precious blood, shed in part by some of those men's descendants, arrayed against one another in the deadly strife of fratricidal war, it is alone the province of that Judge before whom they have been called, as all others must be, to pass judgment upon their "iniquity" as abso- lutely conscientious upholders of a principle and practice their opponents could not possibly more honestly condemn. Amid the discharge of his duties as councillor, his activ- ity in politics, his , attention to his professional business, always large, and to private affairs, and his' domestic con- cerns as well, John Rice Jones still found the time to HO EARLY ILLINOIS. revise and prepare for publication — in conjunction with Hon. John Johnson, another able lawyer and a member of the house — rthe statutes of the Territory, under the follow- ing title: "Laws of the Indiana Territory, comprising those Acts formerly in force and as Revised by John Rice Jones and John Johnson, and passed (after Amendments) by the Legislature; and the Original Acts passed by the First Session of the Second General Assembly of the said Ter- ritory, begun and held at the Borough of Vincennes on the 1 6th day of August, A.D. 1807." This revision had been adopted by the general assembly with but trifling amendment, "was a careful and thorough one," says Judge Howe,* and was long the main substance of the statute laws of both Indiana and Illinois. In an act passed by the general legislature in 1807, in- corporating the Vincennes University, now represented by both the Vincennes University at Vincennes and the Indi- ana State University at Bloomington, "for the instruction of youth in the Latin, Greek, French, and English lan- guages, mathematics, natural philosophy, ancient and modern history, moral philosophy, logic, rhetoric, and the law of nature and nations," John Rice Jones, who had been one of its most zealous promoters, as would be naturally expected from one of his broad education, was named as one of the first board of trustees, which was composed of William Henry Harrison, Thomas T. Davis, John Gibson, Henry Vanderburgh, Waller Taylor, Benja- jamin Parke, Peter Jones, James Johnson, John Badollet, John Rice Jones, George Wallace, William Bullitt, Elias McNamee, Henry Hurst, Gen. Washington Johnston, Fran- cis Vigo, Jacob Kuykendall, Samuel McKee, Nathaniel Ewing, George Leach, Luke Decker, Samuel Gwathmey, and John Johnsonf— "men who had large and liberal ideas * Howe's " The Laws and Courts of the Northwest and Indiana Territories. " . + Dillon's " History of Indiana. " JOHN RICE JONES. Ill of education, and who reflected the true spirit of the framers of the Ordinance of 1787." An important piece of business to come before the second session of the second general assembly, begun September 26, 1808, was the election of a successor to Hon. Benjamin Parke, who had resigned as delegate in congress to accept a seat on the territorial supreme judici- ary bench. Prominent among the prospective candidates before the legislature was John Rice Jones, who had been solicited by a great many friends and admirers to enter the contest. Local politics had become many sided and decidedly mixed; there were both pro-slavists and anti- slavists who were opposed to division, and also members of each of those factions who were in favor of that meas- ure; and in this state of affairs the selection of a delegate was sure to be a prolonged fight, though the divisionists' success was assured. As an able man and an ardent friend of division, John Rice Jones was "the favorite of the peo- ple of the Illinois country, but the anti-slavery people would not support him because he had long been identi- fied with the Harrison party, and was a pronounced pro- slavery man."* Among other leading candidates was Speaker-of-the- house Jesse B. Thomas, who, though no less an out-and- out pro-slavist than divisionist, was finally compromised on by the antagonistic elements of his party, and elected ; but not before John Rice Jones, who as president of the council or as a controller of other men's votes, evidently held the balance of power, had, conditional to his support of Speaker Thomas, required and extracted from him the most solemn pledges of fidelity to his party.f Remaining true to these promises, Delegate Thomas worked for and speedily secured the division of the Territory, to the hu- * Dunn's "Indiana." t Dunn's " Indiana, " and Ford's " History of Illinois. " 112 EARLY ILLINOIS. miliation of the Harrisonians, whose chagrin and rancor led at Vincennes to the hanging in effigy of the offending delegate. At Kaskaskia the feeling was equally bad, and produced among other serious incidents the passing of a challenge between Hon. Shadrach Bond, afterward gov- ernor of Illinois, and Rice Jones, ex-representative in the territorial legislature of Indiana, and a son of ex-councillor John Rice Jones, and finally ended in the deplorable assas- sination of Rice Jones by a dastardly partisan, who by instant flight from the country undoubtedly saved himself from summary punishment at the hands of an enraged community.* Reference having been made heretofore to the rupture between Wm. Henry Harrison and John Rice Jones, and several historians deeming it a subject of sufficient interest to the public of today to call for more or less extended observations on their part, a few words on the subject will not be inappropriate in this sketch. One writer, whose strong prejudices, if not malicious motives, "are evident, predicating a theory upon what later and obviously more just and careful historians consider imaginary grounds, for they declare that there is no documentary evidence as to what the real cause of the falling- out was, refers the "important event," as a judicious writerf terms it, to dis- appointment on the part of John Rice Jones, growing out of his failure to secure the bestowal of greater patronage of Gov. Harrison; and then in the same spirit this amiable writer proceeds to say that John Rice Jones made it appear that the ostensible reason for his disagreement with and consequent opposition to Harrison was a difference of opinion as to the expediency of the advance of the Ter- ritory to the second grade of government as early as that step was consummated. * Reynolds' " Pioneer History of Illinois. " + Dunn, in his "Indiana." JOHN RICE JONES. 1 1 3. This statement is palpably false, inasmuch as all accounts, agree that John Rice Jones was conspicuous as an active and zealous promoter -of the second-grade cause; and if further refutation of the infamous charges,* direct and indirect, of the writer in question were needed, it would be only necessary to state the notorious fact that for years after the Territory had entered the secondary form of government, its executive and the subject of this sketch were on terms of close personal and political friendship, as reputable historians declare, and as is incontrovertibly proven by Gov. Harrison's appointment of John Rice Jones to high office in those later years,-f- as also by the testimony to their cordial relations up to a date so late as 1807-8, by other writers on Indiana history who have anything to say on the subject. % To the writer of these pages, the most simple, reason- able, and natural explanation of the rupture between Gov.. Harrison and Councillor Jones was the question of the * To asperse and misrepresent a living man on the anonymous charges and! insinuations made against him by a partisan foe during the excitement of a heated political period, or by a personal enemy at any time, is bad enough j. but to assault the character and violate the memory of a man long dead through the mediumship of just such irresponsible and infamous attacks, is infinitely worse, is the part of neither an honorable man nor a gentleman, but rather that of a vile traducer, and should be far beneath the dignity of anyone- making pretensions to the claim of being an historian. In reference to such slanders, a man's friends may pointedly ask, in the words of Hon. Edward Everett, in a speech once delivered by him in the national house of represen- tatives, " can any gentleman tell me how long it is since an anonymous mis- creant, in the papers, accused Thomas Jefferson of having pillaged thirteen hundred dollars, I think it was, from the public cnest ? Has any gentleman forgotten that pathetic complaint of George Washington, that he had been assailed in language fit only 'for a pick-pocket — for a common defaulter?' "" Verily, " Be thou chaste as ice, as pure as snow, Thou shalt not escape calumny. " + The second grade of government was entered upon September 11, 1804,, and four months later Harrison appointed John Rice Jones a member of the council — a favor he would hardly have bestowed upon a political and personal enemy. + Dunn, in his "Indiana," page 361, for instance. 114 EARLY ILLINOIS. division of the Indiana Territory. This question, as is well known, divided the people latterly into violently an- tagonistic factions, whose clashing sentiments on this one subject caused the severing of personal attachments be- tween many individuals whose political opinions on other measures were either in perfect harmony or temporarily adjustable, but who were uncompromising on this; engen- dered wide-spread and all-pervading excitement and par- tisan feeling; produced in connection with the indirectly- involved slavery question, pro and con, strange combina- tions and associations of men and sentiments, and charac- terized the campaign preceding an election of two repre- sentatives to the general assembly, which chanced to become necessary at the time, as the most animated and bitter one that ever occurred in the Territory, before or afterward, or in that of Illinois. The successful candidates for the legislature in the election in question were Rice Jones in Randolph County and John Messinger in St. Clair County, both of whom were zealous divisionists.* As has been intimated, the defeat of the Harrisonians or anti-divisionists was a crushing disappointment to them, for the results of the election placed the balance of legis- lative power, by a slight majority, in the hands of the sep- arationists, and the loss of the election drove the rabid partisans among those who were opposed to division to extravagant expressions, actions, and acts, among the last the disgraceful proceeding at Vincennes, indicative of their despair and fury. .John Rice Jones, who then lived at Vincennes, the seat of the territorial government, and in the county of Knox, the governor's favorite county and the stronghold of the Harrisonians, was as a pronounced divisionist and a distinguished character, doubly conspicu- ous as an object of dislike and abuse on the part of * Edwards' " Illinois, " p. 30; Address of Welcome by Citizens of Randolph County to Gov. Ninian Edwards, June, 1809. JOHN RICE JONES. 1 1 5 many of those of opposing sentiments. Under the pecu- liar circumstances prevailing, no two men could be friends who openly avowed and publicly advocated conflicting views on the burning division question, and therefore John Rice Jones necessarily experienced a rupture with Gov. Harrison, who was, as is equally a matter of record, a radical anti-divisionist, using all his personal and official influence to defeat the friends of the Illinois-Territory project, as it was to his selfish interest to do. From the date of their first acquaintance, early in 1801, up to the time that the question of the separation from Indiana of the Illinois country and its erection into an independent territory assumed importance in the public mind and began to be seriously agitated among the peo- ple, which was probably early in 1807, John Rice Jones and Gov. 'Harrison were personally and politically inti- mate, and they continued to be friends until probably about the middle of 1808, when their split upon the rock of territorial division became complete, and very naturally their relations afterward were not amicable; John Rice Jones, as he had the inalienable right to do, opposing, and that ably, and not alone but with thousands of his fellow- citizens, the policy and plans of the Harrison party, whose speedy overthrow in the latter part of 1808 may reasona- bly be accepted as a proof of the weakness and injustice of their cause. John Rice Jones had not only been a personal friend of Harrison's, but also an able and valued counsellor of the administration, as well as a man of very considerable per- sonal influence with the people. Consequently, as a recent careful writer* observes, "he was no small loss to the Har- rison party. He was at that time a councillor, with more than two years to serve; he had a full knowledge of the inside workings of past political movements; he had the * Dunn, in his " Indiana : A Redemption from Slavery. " 8 Il6 EARLY ILLINOIS. ability to use his knowledge to the best advantage; and; he was absolutely tireless in his political work." We thus see that he was qualified to make a powerful opponent of the Harrisonians, and indeed it is a matter of record that he and other leaders of the opposition "goaded their ene- mies almost to madness," and also gathered the people in such numbers to their support as to defeat the Harrison party in the memorable election of July 25, 1808, which gained for the victors their coveted object of territorial division, on February 3, 1809, by congressional enactment. From an early day to the time of his removal, in 18 10, to Louisiana, afterward Missouri, Territory, John Rice Jones enjoyed an extensive and lucrative practice at law,. his eminent professional ability being universally recog- nized and in frequent demand. His practice extended from Cahokia to Louisville, embracing besides those places Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher, Vincennes, Shawneetown, and Clarksville, and also trans- Mississippi points, as St. Louis and Ste. Genevieve, especially after the cession of that country to the United States, in 1803, by France.*" No writer in speaking of him has failed to pay the highest tribute to his jurisprudential learning and ability, all agree- ing with one who has declared him "a scientific and pro- found jurist, and through life a sound and enlightened expounder of the law;" and his contemporary political and personal enemies, like his post-morlem defamer, all conceded his preeminent talents and legal attainments. He was the first English-speaking lawyer in Indiana, and the first to, practise his profession in Illinois, locating at Kaskaskia in 1790, and frequently attending court there and at other extreme western points after his return to. Vincennes, some ten years later, to reside. His knowledge of various national laws was remarkably extensive, embracing- not only 'a familiarity with American, * Reynolds, Dillon, Dunn, et al. JOHN RICE JONES. llj principles and procedure, but also a thorough acquaintance with Spanish and French laws, particularly concerning the intricate subjects of land-grants and titles in the West; while as a consequence of his legal education and practice in England and Wales, he had a clear and full understand- ing of the principles and rules of law and courts of those countries, as references in some of his opinions as a justice of the supreme court of Missouri in a measure bear witness.* In addition to his legal erudition, he was deeply versed in mathematics, "which he preferred to any other science," and was also an accomplished linguist, thoroughly grounded in Greek and Latin, and perfectly conversant with French and Spanish, as well as Welsh — his mother-tongue — and English, learned early in life. His knowledge of French and Spanish enabled him to transact business with great facility with the large portion of the inhabitants" of the far-western country who understood only those tongues, and who did not often find a competent interpreter in their dealings with the English-speaking authorities and Ameri- cans in general. His intimate and correct knowledge of the latter two languages was not only of very great advan- tage to him in his law practice and private business affairs,, but caused his services to be often sought as an expert translator of old documents and interpreter in courts for non-English speaking people. He was for some time official interpreter and translator of the French, by regular appointment, to the board of commissioners at Kaskaskia, appointed under act of congress of March 26, 1804, for the adjustment of land titles and claims in that district.^ All historians also agree that he was a brilliant speaker, J and in oral debate and controversy, as also with the pen, * See "Missouri Reports," 1820-24. t "Annals of Congress," 15th cong., 2d sess., Vols. I and II; also "United States Statutes at Large — Private Laws, 1789-1845." J Reynolds, Williams, McDonough, Dunn, et nl. 1 1 8 EARLY ILLINOIS. "a perfect master of satire and invective." One who knew him personally declares that while "his friendships were ardent and sincere, his hatred and anger were excessively scathing for the moment," and that "when his feelings of ire were excited, his words burnt his victims like drops of molten lead on the naked skin."* In December, 1808, occurred that melancholy event here- tofore alluded to, the assassination of Rice Jones, the talented son of John Rice Jones, at Kaskaskia. This lamentable tragedy, about which we shall have more to say in a sketch of its victim, was a terrible blow to his father, as may be easily understood, and its associations in Illinois were of such a sickening nature as to render a continued residence there objectionable. At this time, the upper Louisiana Territory, rapidly developing under the quickening influence of the United States government, but a few years previously extended over it, was attracting very considerable attention and emigration from the older settled sections eastward; and in the summer of 1810, in response to the earnest recommendation and urgent invi- tation of personal friends, Mr. Jones removed thither with his family, first locating at Ste. Genevieve, thence in a short time going to St. Louis, and after a brief residence there, removing to and settling at Mine a Breton, subse- quently incorporated as Potosi, and which became the seat of Washington County on its organization in 1813. Here he at once became largely interested and system- atically engaged in the mining and smelting of lead ore, ■first in company with the celebrated Moses Austin and subsequently in connection with his sons. With Mr. Aus- tin he erected the first cupola or reverberatory furnace ever constructed in the United States,* which was greatly superior to the primitive furnace that had been in use in the mines since the time they were first opened, about * Reynolds' " Pioneer History of Illinois. " JOHN RICE JONES. 1 19 765, by Francis Breton, as well as throughout all the ead-mining districts in the country. He probably brought vith him from Wales, in a large part 'of which mining of lifferent kinds was then as now an important industry, :ome practical ideas on the subject. The learned Henry R. Schoolcraft visited the Potosi nines in 18 19, and in an interesting work* published hortly afterward, in describing the more important mines >perated by "persons of intelligence and capital," says: 'John Rice Jones, Esq., is engaged in penetrating the rock n search of ore, with the most flattering prospects, and is letermined, as he informs me, to sink through the upper tratum of limestone and to ascertain the character of the ucceeding formations. It is highly probable, reasoning rom geognostic relations, that the lower formations will >rove metalliferous, yielding both lead and copper, and uch a discovery would form a new era in the history of hese mines. The present mode of promiscuous digging >n the surface would then be abandoned, and people made see and to realize the advantages of the only system if mining which can be permanently, uniformly, and suc- essfully pursued, viz.: by penetrating the bowels of the arth." The success of the experiments of Mr. Jones and Ht. Austin, each then operating independently and being lie first to so experiment, had the effect of making deep lining popular, as predicted by Mr. Schoolcraft, and more- ver rendered the entire mineral region a profitable field )r operations for many succeeding years. John Rice Jones' intimate and critical knowledge of the :ad-mines of the district, including their output, state, alue, characteristics, and the subject of the industry in II its aspects and stages, from the crude ore in the mines ) the commercial article of pig-lead, with the items of 3st of manufacture, transportation to foreign markets, * "A View of the Lead-Mines of Missouri," etc.; New York, 1819. 120 EARLY ILLINOIS. etc., of the latter, etc., etc., is shown by a lengthy and exhaustive report made by him under date of "Mine a Burton, 6th Nov., i8il5," to Hon. Frederick Bates, St. Louis, recorder of land-titles in Missouri, at the latter's request, and which Mr. Bates forwarded bodily to the commissioner of the general land-office, Washington, as his own report on the subject, which had been called for by the commis- sioner; Mr. Bates' report proper being a brief communica- tion opening thus: "Sir: — While I was preparing to trans- mit to you my own opinions in answer to your inquiries of the 3d of July last [1816], I received a letter from John Rice Jones, Esq., who is a man of extensive and accurate observation, joint claimant with Mr. Austin in the Mine a Burton tract, and conversant, as I am told, with all the economy of mineral operations. After so minute and comprehensive a statement as he has given, nothing re- mains for me except a more special reply to your third inquiry." This third inquiry related to the "state of the land-titles generally," which Mr. Jones forebore to answer, "as it would be indecorous for an individual, even were he both competent to the task and possessed of the necessary information, to attempt to enter into a particular investi- gation of any land-titles," as he states in his letter to Mr. Bates.* John Rice Jones became largely interested in mineral lands and other landed property while residing at Mine a Burton. By a legal instrument dated at "Mine a Burton, District of Ste. Genevieve, Territory of Louisiana, Nov. 8, 1 8 10," it appears that he and Moses Austin were then joint owners of "the Mine a Breton tract" of land, "three miles square" (nine square miles, or five thousand seven hundred and sixty acres of rich mineral lands), for an interest in which and certain lots in the town of Hercula- neum they had been offered $150,000, a large sum of * "American State Papers— Public Lands," Vol. Ill, pp. 700--'. JOHN RICE JONES. 121 money in those days, and for the purpose of engaging in tthe extensive mining and smelting business on which they at that time were about to consummate the formation of a powerful chartered corporation — the legal document named constituting an important preliminary step to that, end. Mr. Jones died leaving a claim before congress for .a tract of several thousand acres of valuable land in Illi- nois, on an appeal from the arbitrary ruling of the Kas- kaskia commissioners, which claim was allowed his legal representatives so late as 1854. John Rice Jones, who soon became distinguished in Missouri for his legal acquirements, his intelligence, his sound judgment, and his force of character, was, as one of the three representatives from Washington County and one of the forty-one that composed the body, "a wise and efficient member" of the convention that framed the first •constitution of the State of Missouri. The convention met in St. Louis on June 12, 1820, and completed its labors July 19 following. After its temporary organization, he was one of a committee of five appointed "to draft and report rules and regulations for the order and government of the convention." He was one of four candidates before the convention for its permanent president, and, though defeated, he received a complimentary vote for the posi- tion. "The constitution was a model of perspicuity and statesmanship, and withstood all efforts to supplant or materially amend it until the celebrated 'Drake conven- tion' of 1865,"* and as Gov. McNair declared in his first message to the first general assembly under the new form of government, was "a statesmanlike instrument that did honor to its framers and to the infant State for which it liad been framed." This first general assembly met in St. Louis in Septem- ber, 1820, and among its first and most important duties * Switzler's " History of Missouri. " 122 EARLY ILLINOIS. was the election of two United- States senators. Hon. David Barton, a great and good man, was chosen on the first ballot, but the filling of the remaining senatorship was not so easily nor in the end unanimously accomplished. For that honor there were five aspirants, namely: John Rice Jones, Col. Thomas H. Benton, Judge John B. C. Lucas, and Messrs. Henry Elliot and Nathaniel Cook, John Rice Jones received a handsome vote, as also did Messrs. Cook and Elliot; but it becoming evident that the contest would inevitably narrow down to a struggle be- tween Judge Lucas and Col. Benton, who were mortal enemies, the latter having a few years previously slain in a duel a gifted son of the former, the other three candi- dates withdrew, and according to their sentiments joined the Lucas or the Benton party. Though Col. Benton was finally chosen over his able and noble adversary, by very considerable manoeuvring and by a slim majority of one vote, the contest for the prize was prolonged, spirited, bitter, and in some of its phases intensely dramatic, and forms one of the most remarkable and interesting episodes- of the kind in the political history of the West. "The. balloting continued through several days without success,, and the excitement that prevailed has not been excelled by any senatorial election which has since occurred in this or any other state," says one historian.* Of the two votes that elected Col. Benton, one was that of a Frenchman, Hon. Marie P. LeDuc, who had repeatedly declared that he would suffer the loss of his right arm rather than vote for Col. Benton, and who only changed his mind after subjection for a prolonged period to inces- sant argument, persuasion, and entreaty by a powerful combination of personal and political friends; the other vote, that gave the bare majority of one, was cast by Hon- Daniel Ralls, who, unable from illness to attend the joint * Switzler, in his " History of Missouri. " JOHN RICE JONES. 12, session of the legislature, was finally carried on his death bed, by four large negroes, from his room to the legislativ hall, both in the same building, and was just able to vote dying a short time after being returned to his chamber.* At the same session of the general assembly, John Rio Jones was appointed one of the three justices of th supreme court of the new State, Mathias McGirk anc John D. Cook being the other two; and after four year of service, alike creditable to himself, the bench, and Mis souri, in this exalted position, he died while in office February i, 1824, at St. Louis, within ten days of thi completion of his sixty-fifth year, at which age the consti tution excluded persons from the supreme bench, am deeply lamented not only by the bench, bar, and genera public of Missouri, but by a wide circle of personal friend: throughout the country, among them many prominen men of the day. Conspicuous among those whose distin guished friendship he had enjoyed, were Hon. Henry Clay Col. Richard M. Johnson, Hon. Pierre Menard, Hon. Davie Barton, Judge Alex. Buckner, Judges Mathias McGirk anc John D. Cook — his associates on the supreme bench, Col Henry Dodge, Hon. Edward Bates, Col. Thos. H. Benton Hon. Wm. T. Barry, Judges Jas. Haggins and Jesse Bledsoe Judge James H. Peck, Hon. Henry S. Geyer, Hon. Johr F. Darby, Hon. George F. Strother, Gen. Wm. H. Ashley Hon. John Scott, Judge Nathaniel Pope, Judge Samue McRoberts, Gov. John Reynolds, Hon. Ninian Edwards the distinguished Morrison and Parker families of Kaskas kia and Lexington, respectively, and a great many more whose friendship and esteem would have honored anj man on earth.-f - Having sketched Judge Jones' public career, as well a< * Darby's "Personal Recollections." + Letter from ex-U.-S. Senator George Wallace Jones, who personal!] knew all the gentlemen named, and to whom they often spoke of his father, Judge John Rice Jones, in terms of respect and admiration. 124 EARLY ILLINOIS. ■our imperfect data would admit, it now remains to briefly consider his character and more personal traits, from the stand-point of those who knew him well in life, and who, therefore, may be considered competent authorities on the subject. Perhaps no fuller and more reliable description of him is available than that given by ex-Gov. John Reyn- olds of Illinois, in his valuable "Pioneer History." The author of that work knew Judge Jones personally and also was well acquainted with many men who knew him inti- mately — Hon. Robert Reynolds, the governor's father, and an old pioneer, among them — and as an unquestionably honest, truthful man, a close observer of excellent judg- ment, an industrious gleaner of facts, and a conscientious, careful historian, his statements are entitled to the fullest credit. This work of Gov. Reynolds has been largely drawn on by all subsequent western historians for bio- graphical and other data preserved nowhere else, and his descriptions of many prominent men of early days if not all that is knowable about them are, at least, the founda- tion of all biographies of them. This authority states that Judge Jones "possessed a strong and active mind, was rather restless, and excessively energetic. * * He always employed his time in some honorable business, and never permitted himself to be idle or engaged in light or frivolous amusements. Like most of his countrymen, he possessed strong passions, and at times, although he possessed a strong mind, his passions swept over his reason like a tornado. When his feelings of ire were excited, his words burnt his victims like drops of molten lead on the naked skin. He was mild and amiable until some injury or insult, as he supposed, was offered him, when he burst asunder all restraints and stood out the fearless champion of his rights, bidding defiance to all opposition. He possessed a great degree of personal courage. * * The death of Judge Jones was regretted JOHN RICE JONES. 125 by a wide circle of friends and the public generally. His integrity, honor, and honesty were always above doubt or suspicion. He was exemplary in his moral habits, and lived a temperate and orderly man in all things. * * He was perfectly resigned to his fate, and died with that calm ■composure that always attends the exit of the noblest work of God, an honest man. * •* The person of Judge Jones was small, but erect and active. His complexion was dark, and his hair and eyes very black. His eye when excited was severe and piercing." We thus have a graphic moral and character portrayal and a life-like physical portrait of Judge Jones that must be gratifying to everyone interested in the distinguished subject of this sketch. The just eulogistic utterances of Gov. Reynolds could not be enhanced by the most ardent of friends and admirers, while to the personal description nothing is to be added of particular historical interest except, perhaps, that Judge Jones was very dignified in his manners, refined in his tastes, scrupulously neat in his person, and very particular in his dress, a part of which was the old-time knee-breeches, so closely associated in the modern mind with the antique cue, in which style he always wore his hair; and that besides being erect and active, as age advanced he developed that style of portli- ness that adds so much to the dignity of presence and manners. John Rice Jones was twice married. His first wife was Eliza, daughter of Richard and Mary Powell, a native of London, born May 24, 1759, and married in St. Mary's Chapel — Church of England, to which both families be- longed—in Brecon, Wales, January 8, 1781. Of this union there was the following issue : Rice, born at Brecon, Brecknockshire, Wales, September 28, 1781. John, born at Brecon, Feb. 10, 1783, and died in infancy. 126 EARLY ILLINOIS. Maria, born at Brecon, March 21, 1784. Myers Fisher, born at Vincennes, Northwest Territorj U.S.A., March 11, 1787, and died at an early age. The mother of these children was an accomplished am refined woman of gentle birth, and died at Vincennes, no\ in Indiana, March 1 1, 1787, deeply mourned by her devote husband and children. A biographical sketch of Ric Jones, the eldest child by this marriage, follows in thi volume. Maria, the only daughter, who was at the time of th removal of the family to America, in 1784, too delicate, a declared by a medical adviser, to bear the fatigue of th long ocean voyage, was left with friends in Wales. It wa the father's intention to return for her when older am stronger but the early location of the family in the remot West, and the death there of her mother a short tim afterward, precluded the execution of this cherished pur pose while she remained a child, and when she was oli enough to make the journey alone, she had become si beloved and loving a member of the most estimable famil; with whom she made her home as to induce her to con tinue a member of that household, though she subse quently paid several protracted visits to her relatives ii America, between whom and herself there ever subsistei the tenderest attachment. In 1834, her half-brother Wil Ham Powell Jones, U. S. N., visited her in Wales, subse quently accompanied her on a tour in "France, and thenc conducted her to the United States. Her deep and fei vent piety and genuine Christian spirit, combined with charming sweetness of disposition, great nobility of chat acter, and cultivated intellect, secured her many devote* and undying friendships wherever she was known. Sh never married, and died among relatives and friends i London at an advanced age. The second wife of Judge Jones was Mary, eldes JOHN RICE JONES. 1 27 laughter of George and Margaret Barger, whom he mar- ked at Vincennes, Northwest Territory, February II, 1791, our years after the death of his first wife. She was a voman of many virtues and of those sterling qualities of :haracter that were developed in all women subjected to :he refining and strengthening ordeal of the peculiar vicis- situdes and conditions of life and society in the early West, whither her father with his wife and a large family if children emigrated from Pennsylvania and settled in :he country northwest of the Ohio at a very early day. The Bargers were of German ancestry, whose language :hey all spoke as well as the English and French. It is ikely that the German was the first learned and for years the household language of the family, as the children of Mary (Barger) Jones relate that she always, even in age, >aid her prayers, learned at her pious mother's knee in :hildhood, in that tongue, though she was thoroughly con- versant with both English and French, which she com- monly spoke. Her father, George Barger, with other members of the family, were among those who had their ;laims under French or English grants confirmed by Gov: St. Clair of the Northwest Territory, under the resolves of :ongress of June and August, 1788,* and later by the U.S. commissioners, appointed for the purpose of adjust- ing the old colonial claims; and her brothers Frederick, Peter, and George Barger, together with her husband, John Rice Jones, were members of Capt. Pierre Game- lin's company of militia at Vincennes, in I790,f and as such took part in Col. Hamtramck's campaign against the Wabash tribes in the fall of that year;j and for these, if not for other services against the Indians, they each received from the general government donations of one * "American State Papers— Public Lands," Vol. I, pp. 509-10. t Law's "The Colonial History of Vincennes." * Dillon's " History of Indiana. " 128 EARLY ILLINOIS. hundred acres of land, conformably to the act of congre of March 3, 1791, as "militiamen duly enrolled in tl militia at Vincennes on August 1, 1790, and who had dor militia duty."* It is a fact sufficiently curious and interesting to mer mention in this connection that no two of the four siste: married men of the same nationality or blood — Mar marrying a Welshman, John Rice Jones; Christina a Spar iard, Diego Rodrigues; Elizabeth a Frenchman, Baptisl La Chapelle, a descendant of that Bazyl La Chapelle wh settled in Kaskaskia about i7io;"and Susan, the younges an Irishman, William Shannon, a merchant and bankf and highly- esteemed citizen of Ste. Genevieve, and th early friend and patron of the late U.-S. Senator Lew: V. Bogy of Missouri. Mary (Barger) Jones was rather small and slight in forn and had regular features and very black hair and eye She was of a very gentle nature, and highly regarded b all who knew her. She was born in Pennsylvania, Ma 17, 1767, and died at Potosi, Missouri, at her home wit her son, Gen. Augustus Jones, on Jan. 6, 1839, having live to a good old age and survived her husband some filtee years. Following is a list of the children of John Ric and Mary (Barger) Jones; with dates and places of birth: John Rice, born Jan. 8, 1792, at Kaskaskia, N.-W. Ty. Eliza, born Jan. 10, 1794, at Kaskaskia, Northwest Ty. Augustus, born Feb. 18, 1796, at Kaskaskia, N.-W. T3 Harriet, born Oct. 16, 1798, at Kaskaskia, Northwest Tj Myers Fisher, born Oct. 19, 1800, at Kaskaskia, Indian Territory. George Wallace, born April 12, 1804, at Vincennes, In diana Territory. Nancy, born June 17, 1806, at Vincennes, Indiana Ter ritory; died young. * "American State Papers— Public Lands," Vols. I and VII. JOHN RICE JONES. 1 29 William Powell, born May 13, 1810, at Kaskaskia, Illi- ois Territory. Of the above children, the following are brief biographi- al notices that may not be without interest in this con- lection: Gen. John Rice Jones, the eldest son, served under 'apt. Henry Dodge in the war of 18 12, and removing to Texas, then a Mexican state, as early as 183 1, became iden- ified with its struggles for independence; which gained, he lecame postmaster- general under the three forms of the lepublic, provisional, ad interim, and constitutional — iroof enough of his ability and fidelity — in the cabinets, if as many of its executives, namely, Gov. Henry Smith ind Presidents David G. Burnet and Mirabeau B. Lamar,, espectively, and was a personal friend of and fellow- >atriot with those men and their compeers, Hon. Stephen 1. Austin, "the father of Texas," and his dearest of friends; jen. Sam. Houston, Col. Wm. B. Travis, Col. James Bowie, 3ol. David Crockett, Col. Benjamin R. Milam, and the nany others whose memories are justly dear to the people >f Texas, and whose names are as "familiar in their nouths as household words." Gen. Jones was one of the wo executors of the will of the heroic Col. Travis, the >ther being ex-Gov. Henry Smith. Locating in 183 1 at San Felipe de Austin, he was one )f the first settlers of that place, which, as Austin, is now he capital of the great Lone-Star State, and for years vas one of its prosperous merchants. He died in Fayette "ounty, Tex., on his plantation, "Fairland Farm," in that iventful year in which the Republic he loved so well and lad so long and faithfully served ceased to exist on be- aming a state of the American Union — 1845; and having narried a daughter of Maj. James Hawkins in Missouri, n 1 8 18, he left a large and respectable family of children 130 EARLY ILLINOIS. to cherish the memory and contemplate with just pri the record of a devoted father and a noble man; Gen. AUGUSTUS Jones, the second son, was a priva soldier in the second war with Great Britain, entering t service at the age of sixteen, and belonging, with his eld brother, to Capt. Dodge's company. For many years i was largely interested, in mining, milling, and mercant: operations, and became a wealthy slave-owner and landi proprietor in Missouri, and later in Texas. He was a pc sonal friend of Gen. Jackson, and during both terms of t! latter as president served as United -States marshal Missouri, during which period his valuable services, invol ing the performance of many daring deeds, evoked tl formal acknowledgments of congress. He was for yea major-general of the Missouri state militia; by a sm; majority was defeated on the Calhoun, or anti-Bentc democratic ticket for congress in his' district, in Missou in 1844; commanded a company of volunteer cavalry the Mexican war, during which he was for a time militar governor of Santa F6, and in his younger days partii pated, as principal or second, in a number of duels. Oi of these was the fatal affair between Lionel Brown of Poto of whom Gen. Jones was second, and the noted Col. Jol Smith T.* Mr. Brown was a lawyer and a nephew of ti famous Col. Aaron Burr, the slayer of Hon. Alexand Hamilton. The duel took place on the Illinois shore the Mississippi River, at a point opposite Herculaneui Mo., and resulted in the death of Mr. Brown, who at t first fire received a bullet in the centre of his forehead. Gen. Jones died in February, 1887, at the age of near * John Smith T was the odd name of Col. Smith. To distinguish him! from the many of the name, and also to indicate that he was from Tenness he had the "T" affixed to his name as a regular part thereof, by legislat enactment, in accordance with the laws of Missouri. He is said to hi killed thirteen men in duels, and never to have missed his mark. JOHN RICE JONES. I3I ninety-one, at Columbus, Texas, whither he removed in 1851. He was a freemason of high rank for nearly seventy years. He was thrice married, and left numerous descend- ants of great respectability. Among the sons was Augus- tus Dodge Jones, an able editorial writer and the talented author of the ingenious pamphlet "The True Method of Electing the President and Vice-President of the United States," which attracted considerable attention some years ago. He removed to California in 1850, where he resided some twenty years, and held various positions of trust, and edited and published a number of newspapers there and in Nevada and old Mexico, as also later in Arkansas. For some time he was deputy -surveyor of the port of San Francisco, and for many years was grand worthy patriarch of the order of Good Templars of the State of California. He died in St. Louis, Mo., in December, 1885. Another son, William Ashley Jones, is well remem- bered as an early Iowa and Minnesota journalist and poli- tician, and as a principal proj'ector and executive officer of the first Minnesota railroad, the Winona and St. Peter — an enterprise in which he lost a large fortune. He was for years — in the '50' s — a deputy U.-S. land-surveyor, as such subdividing extensive portions of Minnesota and Wis- consin; was one of two U.-S. commissioners appointed in 1855 by President Pierce to adjudicate the claims of the mixed-bloods of the Sioux nation of Indians to the great Lake -Pepin reservation, in Minnesota Territory; has held a number of honorable elective public offices, and at pres- ent is president of the Yankton, Okobojo & Fort Buford Railroad Company, a late project which has its head- quarters at Pierre, South Dakota. A daughter became the wife of Dr. Stephen D. Mullowney, an able physician, a lieutenant in the Mexican war, and at the time of his death, in 1856, U.-S. consul at Monterey, Mexico. An- other daughter married John P. Dunklin, a nephew of Gov. Daniel Dunklin of Missouri. 9 132 EARLY ILLINOIS. Hon. Myers Fisher Jones, the third son, named for one of his father's distinguished Philadelphia friends, was a man of excellent mind and heart, and in the'20's and '30's prominently engaged in iron-smelting, milling, stock-deal- ing, and farming — with his slaves — in Washington County,. Mo., which county he for a period represented in the state legislature. As an enterprising business man and citizen, he was selected as one of the representatives of his county in «ach of the two great internal-improvement conventions that met in St. Louts in April, 1835, and June, 1836, re- spectively, and which were composed of delegates, many in number and conspicuous in character, from every county in the State. They were the first important public meet- ings to discuss the railroad question in Missouri, and by. projecting several lines of railway, "foreshadowed the system of roads now existing in the State and inaugurated the net-work of intercommunication which at this day encompasses the whole State." He was a member of the important committee appointed by the last convention "to^ raise means for a complete reconnoissance and survey of the routes of the two proposed roads, to secure the ser- vices of skilful and competent engineers, and to cause the work to be done with as little delay as possible" — duties which the committee duly performed. Mr. Jones removed to Texas in 1839, where he became extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising on an eight-thousand-acre tract of land he had purchased, and also became locally conspicuous in defending frontier set- tlements against the frequent pillaging incursions of Ind- ians or Mexicans, or both, he with his company at one time being absent from home three months in pursuing and punishing a desperate band of raiders, many of whom, were killed and taken prisoners. He died in Texas in 1846. Twice married, he left numerous descendants of worth and most respectable character. One of his sons,. JOHN RICE JONES. 1 33 Oscar Peery Jones, served three years in the Mexican war, and another, Andrew Thompson Jones, was a young officer in the confederate army and twice made a prisoner- of-war. Gen. George Wallace Jones, the fourth son, named for another esteemed friend of his father's, George Wallace, son-in-law of Hon. John Gibson, secretary of the Indiana Territory, was educated at Transylvania University, Lex- ington, Ky., whence he graduated on July 13, 1825. He was bred^ to the bar, but ill-health prevented him from practising. He was clerk of the U.-S. district court for Ste. Genevieve County in 1826; served as aide-de-camp to Gen. Henry Dodge in the Black-Hawk war, in several engagements in which he took a prominent part, in one having his horse shot from under him ; was chosen colonel of militia in 1832, and subsequently major-general; also as judge of the county court, by appointment of Gov. George B. Porter of Michigan, at the unanimous petition of the bar. In 1835, he was elected delegate to congress from the territory of Michigan, and served two years as such, and two years as delegate from Wisconsin Territory. In 1839, was appointed by President VanBuren as surveyor-general of the Northwest; was removed in 1841 for his politics, but reappointed by President Polk, and remained in office until 1849. I n !848» was elected United-States senator from Iowa for six years, and reelected on Dec. 20, 1852, for six years more, officiating as chairman of the commit- tee on pensions and enrolled bills and on the committee on territories. At the conclusion of his last term, he was appointed by President Buchanan as minister to New Gra- nada, now United States of Colombia, South America. Recalled by President Lincoln in 1861, he was on his arrival in Washington most kindly received by that great 134 ' EARLY ILLINOIS. man, and feted and feasted by the powers that were, in- cluding Secretary-of-state Seward, who subsequently issued an order for ex-Minister Jones' arrest after the latter had departed for his home at Dubuque, Iowa, and had him imprisoned, for reasons never made known, in Fort Lafay- ette, where he remained, for sixty- four days, until the accession of Secretary Stanton, who caused him to be immediately released. Gen. Jones was the second of the lamented Hon. Jona- than Cilley, M. C. from Maine, in his fatal duel, in 1838, "on the Marlboro road to Baltimore from Washington City," with Representative William J. Graves from Ken- tucky. In an article on "Senate Eras," in The Dubuque Times some years ago, Gen. M. M. Trumbull, a graphic writer, thus refers to the subject of this sketch: "Gen. Jones is today the most historic and perhaps the most remarkable character in the West. He sat in the senate with Clay and Webster and Calhoun, with Silas Wright, Benton, Crittenden, and Jefferson Davis, with Sum- ner, Seward, Chase, and Douglass. In the early part of the century, when Gen. Jackson was president, he sat in the house of representatives with Henry A. Wise and John Quincy Adams. His district included all of Michi- gan, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. It now has over thirty representatives in congress. He left the senate, not because of personal defeat, but because his party had gone out of power in Iowa. The intimate and trusted friend of Andrew Jackson, the partner of Daniel Webster, he re- members Jefferson. On terms of personal acquaintance with nearly all of our celebrated warriors and statesmen, he numbered among his friends and enemies the mighty red kings, Black Hawk, Keokuk, and Poweshiek. A drummer-boy in the war of 1812, Gen. Jones is a young man yet. He walks erect without a cane, with a light and springy step, and claims none of the indulgence and im- JOHN RICE JONES. 135 munities of old age." The distinguished gentleman is still in the possession of full mental and physical vigor at his home in Dubuque, and bids fair to enjoy life for many years to come. Of Gen. George Wallace Jones' sons, George Rice Gra- tiot Jones was a captain of artillery in the confederate army, and as such taken prisoner at the surrender of Fort Henry and sent as the latter to the Union prison on John- son's Island, in Lake Erie; another, Charles Scott Dodge Jones, also served in the Southern army, as an aide-de- camp on the staff of Maj.-Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson, until the former's capture in battle as a prisoner-of-war by the federals, who confined him in Fort Delaware for many months; while the other son, William Augustus Bodley Jones, being opposed to secession, early entered and served in the Union army. The first two were graduates of the Western Military Institute at Nashville, Tenn., in which Hon. James G. Blaine was at the time a professor, and the third named was partially educated there. Prof. Blaine was there introduced to Gen. Jones by Hon. Henry Clay, in 1850-1, as Mr. Blaine some years ago in Washington reminded Gen. Jones. William Powell Jones, the fifth and youngest son, at the date of his untimely death, in July, 1834, from cholera, which he took when crossing the Mississippi River in a canoe at Dubuque, then in Michigan Territory, and died of shortly after reaching the western shore, was a passed-midshipman in the United States navy, and very shortly would have been commissioned a lieutenant, in which capacity he had acted in regular service at sea. He had just returned from a prolonged tour on the Conti- nent and in England and Wales, for which he had obtained leave of absence for a year, and was visiting his relatives in the West before again reporting for duty at his post. Of a 136 EARLY ILLINOIS. bright mind, high-toned, and very ambitious, as well as of most engaging manners, he was a very promising young officer, as existing testimonials of his superiors in rank declare, and, if spared, in all probability would have in time attained an enviable rank and name in the history of the naval service of his country. Eliza Jones, the eldest daughter of Judge John Rice Jones, was married, in Missouri, to Hon. Andrew Scott, who was a native of Virginia, where he fitted himself for the law. He removed to Missouri at an early day, and was elected clerk of the house of representatives of the first territorial general assembly, and acted in the same capacity for that body at several succeeding sessions. In 1820, he was appointed, by President Monroe, U.-S. judge for Arkansas Territory, and as such officer organized that territory at "the Post of Arkansas." He was a man of much legal and juridical ability, and of the highest char- acter, and throughout a long life a universally-respected citizen of Arkansas. One of the historical incidents in his life in Arkansas was his killing of Gen. Hogan* in a personal rencontre at Little Rock, in 1827. Gen. Hogan, who was a large and powerful man, while Judge Scott was only of medium size, attacked the latter, and knocking him down with a tremendous blow of the fist, killed him it was thought by the by-standers. Recovering in a moment, however, he sprang to his feet, and drawing the blade of his sword- cane, then commonly carried, quickly advanced upon Gen. Hogan and drove the long, slender, keen weapon entirely through the latter's body. Gen. Hogan received a mortal wound, from which he a minute or two later dropped dead at his antagonist's feet, but not before he, Hogan, had desperately drawn the reeking blade from his body and * It is believed by the writer that this was his name. JOHN RICE JONES. 1 37 -with it made a frantic lunge at Judge Scott, which would have instantly killed him by piercing him through the neck had not the innumerable folds of a fine Italian silk •cravat, worn by Judge Scott, effectually turned aside the -deadly weapon from its fatal course. Judge Scott imme- diately surrendered himself, and on his trial was acquitted by the jury without leaving their box in the court-room. Among many descendants of Judge Scott are his chil- dren: Hon. John R. Homer Scott of Russellville, Ark., an -ex-state senator and a captain in the confederate army; Mrs. J. Russell Jones, wife of the U.-S. minister to Belgium •under his warm personal friend, President Grant; and the late Mrs. Benjamin Campbell, wife of the ex- U.-S. marshal for the northern district of Illinois,* both of which latter gentlemen reside in Chicago. Harriet Jones, the second daughter of Judge Jones, "was twice married. Her first husband was Thomas Brady, Avho for many years was a prominent merchant and busi- ness man of St. Louis, as a member of the old and wealthy firm of McKnight & Brady."|" He never held any public office; was born in Ireland, March 17, 1781; married to Miss Jones in Missouri in 18 14; and died near St. Louis, October 11, 1821. This union was blessed with five chil- dren, one of whom became the wife of Col. George W. Campbell, deceased, late of Chicago; one the wife of Dr. Jacob Wyeth, a native of Cambridge, Mass.; and another the wife of Mr. Ferdinand Rozier of Ste. Genevieve. * Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are the parents of Mrs. Gen. O. E. Babcock, -widow of one of Gen. Grant's staff-officers. t The members of this firm were John McKnight and Thomas Brady, and are not to be confused with their respective brothers, Thomas McKnight and James Brady, who under the style of Brady & McKnight were a later-formed firm than the preceding, though latterly contemporaneous with it. Says Darby: "The early records of deeds still show the immense amount of real estate owned by these firms in St. Louis city and county, and other counties •of the State. In their day and time they also did the largest mercantile imsiness in the City of St. Louis. " 138 EARLY ILLINOIS.. Some years after the death of Mr. Brady, his widow became the wife of the celebrated Hon. John Scott of Ste.. Genevieve, an eminent lawyer and a successful politician,, who figured prominently in the early history of Missouri as territorial councillor, delegate in congress for four years, a member of the first State constitutional con- vention, and representative in congress from 1822 to 1826, He was a native, as was also his brother Judge Andrew Scott, of Hanover County, Virginia, and a graduate of Princeton College. Says a recent historian:* "John Scott, a great lawyer, would have been noticeable any- where, with his long white cue of hair hanging grace- fully down his shoulders, or else clubbed and tucked up with a comb. A man whose conversation would interest you even in a fit of the toothache — a suave, courteous, peppery gentleman of the old school, who bowed and com- plimented and swore, as might be expected from the son of a planter of 'the slashes of Hanover,' who always car- ried dirk and pistol on his person, and was always ready to give and receive a challenge." He died at Ste. Gene- vieve in 1861. His descendants are numerous and highly respectable, among them the wife of Hon. Samuel Mont- ford Wilson, the eminent lawyer of California, who for a time was influentially recommended for the position of secretary of the interior in President Cleveland's cabinet. The daughters of Judge Jones were high-spirited women of marked intellectuality and character, and, like their brothers, were "a credit to the stock from which they sprung." In concluding this imperfect memoir, we repro- duce the following observations, made by a well-known writer,-f last above quoted, who in speaking of Judge Jones' * Scharf, in his " History of St. Louis City and County. " + Franc B. Wilkie— "Poliuto"— the talented and versatile author and journalist, in a biographical sketch of Gen. George Wallace Jones, in Th$ Chicago Times of February 20, 1886. JOHN RICE JONES. 139 children, says: "It is rare in the history of families that so many sons have been born who were so even in their developments, and of whom each was characterized by a high order of ability both from nature and acquirement. Each of them rose far above the average level of men, and each played a conspicuous part in the drama of life." Note to be read after second paragraph on page 108: Since writing the above, the author has learned from a reliable source that John Rice Jones owned slaves at Vincennes, Kaskaskia, Ste. Genevieve, and Potosi, or during the entire period dating from shortly after his coming to the Northwest Territory, in 1786, if not before, to the time of his death, in. Missouri, in 1824. All of his children were likewise slave-owners. RICE JONES. A BRIEF MEMOIR OF THE LAST REPRESENTATIVE OF RANDOLPH COUNTY IN THE INDIANA TERRITORIAL GENERAL ASSEM- BLY, AND THE VICTIM OF AN HISTORICAL TRAGEDY OF EARLY ILLINOIS. By W. A. Burt Jones of St. Paul, Minnesota. * . * * "Oft and well Remembrance shall his story tell, Affection of his virtues speak, With beaming eye and burning cheek." RICE JONES, the gifted son and eldest child of John Rice Jones, by his first marriage, was born at Brecon, Brecknockshire, Wales, Sept. 28, 1781. In the autumn of 1784, he accompanied his parents to Philadelphia, whither the husband and father had preceded the wife and son in the foregoing spring to first satisfy himself as to the advis- ability of locating his family in the United States, and a .few years later removed with the family to Vincennes. At an early age he was matriculated at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, the alma mater of so many eminent public men, and in due time graduated therefrom in letters and with much distinction. He sub- sequently took his degree in the medical department of the great University of Pennsylvania; but forming a dis- like for the medical profession after a brief practice, he abandoned it and entered the celebrated law-school at Litchfield, Conn., at that time "the first institution of the kind in the United States,"* and which he quitted with increased honor after a period of intense application to * American reprint of " Chambers' Encyclopedia. " 140 RICE JONES. 141 study* Returning to the West, he opened an office at Kaskaskia toward the close of 1806, and began the prac- tice of law. The career that opened before this extraordinary young man, intellectually brilliant, broadly educated, thoroughly equipped for his chosen profession and a life of usefulness and honor, and filled with the noblest aspirations, was indeed most promising, and moreover one that would un- doubtedly have been realized in all respects but for his unfortunate active engagement in local politics, which then and for some four or five years later gave rise, in the west- ern counties particularly, to party spirit of an intensely rancorous nature, and which raged with an unrestrained and almost incredible violence. Bitter partisanship on both sides characterized all the prominent politicians, con- spicuous among whom was Rice Jones, who, though still very young, had risen by force of talents, zeal, and energy to the leadership of his party.* It is not absolutely clear just what all the political differences between the parties were, but it is sure that the Indiana- Illinois territorial division question was a leading issue, coupled with the long-prominent slavery question, and equally certain that in time a great deal of personal jealousy and animosity aggravated, if it did not quite supercede, the political feeling. The long-continued ex- citement reached its greatest height in and immediately succeeding the memorable election of July 25, 1808, in Randolph and St. Clair counties, which was recognized as a life-and-death struggle between the pro-divisionists and their opponents throughout the territory of Indiana, and in which, as has been "stated in the biographical sketch of John Rice Jones, victory perched upon the banner of the divisionists or anti-Harrisonians in both counties. In Randolph County, Rice Jones was triumphantly elected * Reynolds' " Pioneer History of Illinois. " 42 EARLY ILLINOIS. epresentative in the lower house of the general assembly, ind John Messinger, a member of the State constitutional :onvention of 1818 and otherwise prominent, was chosen o represent St. Clair County in the same body. It was a self-evident fact, in view of the then composi- ion of the legislature, that the triumph of the Illinois )arty would result in the final overthrow of the Harrison- ans, hence the bitter fight and feeling; and this was con- iummated by the election, at the next session of the jeneral assembly, as delegate in congress of Hon. Jesse 3. Thomas, speaker of the house, afterward president of :he first State constitutional convention, and a judge of :he first territorial court of Illinois, who speedily secured :he separation of Illinois from Indiana Territory and its erection into independent autonomy. This fidelity to principle, and also to his plighted word and written bond —for John Rice Jones, then a councillor, to make assur- ince doubly sure, is said to have required both from him >efore agreeing to his election* — brought upon his devoted lead the execration of the anti-division party throughout he Territory, who, while they justly recognized him as he final agent in their defeat, very unreasonably and irra- ionally charged him, a notoriously avowed and foresworn Hvisionist, with perfidy, and in one community, Vincennes, :arried their malevolence to such an excess as to hang iim in effigy. At Kaskaskia, the Harrisonians' chagrin and keen dis- ppointment, both personal and political, at defeat in the ounty election and that of Delegate Thomas, assumed he character of deep-seated hate in some whose rage ould scarcely be contained, and personal conflicts between ;entlemen on either side were constantly imminent. This tate of affairs continued to grow from bad to worse, until t culminated in the assassination of Rice Jones, a leading * Dunn's " Indiana, " and Ford's " History of Illinois. " RICE JONES. 143 member of one of the parties, which in a measure satisfied the malignity of the one side, warned the other as to what they might reasonably expect from their unscrupulous enemies if the antagonistic conditions between them were maintained, and "quieted the party feuds for a time," if not practically permanently. In order to review all the circumstances immediately connected with the killing of Rice Jones, we must turn back to an hour in the past period of the heated political canvass preceding the election named, in which a challenge to mortal combat under the rules of the code duello passed between Rice Jones and the Hon. Shadrach Bond, an ex- representative in the territorial legislature, afterward a delegate in congress from Illinois Territory, and the first governor of the State of Illinois. Rice Jones accepted the challenge, named pistols as the weapons, and at the appointed time the principals, with their attendants, Wm. Morrison as Jones' second and Dr. James Dunlap as Bond's second, and their surgeons, met on an island in the Missis- sippi River between Kaskaskia and $te. Genevieve. In those days, pistols and guns were provided with the now obsolete hair-trigger, which, as defined by Webster, was "so constructed as to discharge a fire-arm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair," and when the parties had taken their respective positions and were pre- paring to be in readiness for the word "fire," Rice Jones inadvertently touched the sensitive trigger of his weapon, which instantly exploded. The fact that the bullet from the exploded pistol entered the ground a few feet from Rice Jones and not in the direction of Mr. Bond, perfectly satisfied the latter that the shot was totally accidental, and, high-toned gentleman that he was, he so unhesitat- ingly declared it when his second, the infamous Dr. James Dunlap, exclaimed that the accidental explosion was Jones' fire, and that Bond might and should fire at his adversary 144 EARLY ILLINOIS. in return. The contemptible proposition was scorned Mr. Bond, and the difficulty between the principals i settled on the spot on terms equally honorable to both. The difficulty between them had been entirely o political nature, or at least not resultant from a de seated personal enmity, and therefore was susceptible comparatively easy adjustment; but such was not t with regard to the ill-feeling which had long existed tween Rice Jones and Dr. Dunlap, and which became m intense as a result of the latter's unmanly position on subject of the unfortunate accident on the duelling grou There ensued between them a bitter controversy, wh was taken up by their respective friends, and that extenc to an angry newspaper contention, in which the scath and acrimonious pen of Rice Jones, particularly as e ployed in the composition of a certain satirical po< drove his adversaries to a pitch of fury closely border on mania, and evoked from them dire threats of perso violence upon the object of their rancor. The ill-feeling of older standing, above referred to, 1 its origin in the arbitrary official conduct of Michael Joni and Elijah Backus, land-commissioners at Kaskaskia, which they were appointed in 1804; conduct which \ deliberately pursued with the purpose to militate, as it 1 greatly, against the interests of not only Rice Jones a his father, but many of the people of the district, la numbers of whom, as their personal and political enem the commissioners, especially Jones, taking advantage their official position to wreck vengeance upon the obje of their dislike, years subsequently "branded withperj'i and forgery to an alarming extent — many of the best c zens in the county being stigmatized with those crirr without cause, and when they had neither means nor mi ner of defending themselves"f against the infamous a * No relation of Rice Jones. + Reynolds' "Pioneer History of Illinois," pp. 297-8. RICE JONES. 145, unfounded charges. Such men as Michael Jones* and Elijah Backus were the friends of Dr. Dunlap and other mortal enemies of Rice Jones. The arbitrary conduct first referred to was justly strongly resented, by many, among them John Rice Jones and his son Rice, who were not the men to tamely submit to the gross impositions of the commissioners or any one else, and who in consequence were thereafter made the special victims of the official despotism of the commissioners in question, so far as it was possible for them to exercise it ;. and the later political popularity and triumph, in July, 1808, of Rice Jones tended still more to make him the particular object of the dislike of his political and per- sonal enemies, prominently among whom were the above- named Michael Jones and Elijah Backus, who, as is a matter of record, deliberately "urged Dr. Dunlap and others to persecute Rice Jones in every way imaginable." - !" A part of this persecution was a newspaper attack by them upon him, who, as has been stated, got the better of them in his replies and retorts. Their threats then made against his life became, in November, 1808, so open and loud, and rumors of the existence of a plot to kill him so definite, as to no longer be endured with the silence with which they had up to that time been treated. John Rice Jones, who had just removed with his family from Vincennes to Kaskaskia, accordingly addressed the following note to Elijah Backus: "Kaskaskia, 25th Nov., 1808. "Sir: — I have just heard of your threats of yesterday,, that if my son did not go out of the country he should in * It should be noted that Michael Jones was the Harrisonian candidate for delegate to congress, in October, 1808, and that his defeat only tended to more greatly incense him against his political opponents and those who were so unfortunate as to fall under the ban of his vicious displeasure. t McDonough's "History of Randolph County," p. 105. 146 EARLY ILLINOIS. a few days be put out of existence — 'it will be done, it shall be done.' I now inform you that he will remain here, and if he should be murdered, either by you or through your instigation, I shall know where to apply. I must, however, confess that the threats of poltroons can be con- sidered in no other light than as those of assassins. "Yours, John Rice Jones." It is not known what immediate effect this communica- tion had upon the conspirators, but it did not prevent them from carrying into execution to the letter their diabolical plot, for on December 7, following, Rice Jones was shot down in cold blood in a public thoroughfare of Kaskaskia, by James Dunlap, the cat's-paw of his co-conspirators, none of whom had the nerve to assume the responsibility of the enactment of the bloody deed they were capable of conceiving in the wickedness of their hearts. The following particulars of the deplorable event are taken from a detailed account of the murder and circum- stances attending it, contained in a book found some years ago in the old mansion of Judge John Morrison, in Water- loo, Monroe County, Illinois, when that structure was being demolished to make room for other improvements. Ex- tracts from "Judge Morrison's old musty record of the killing" were published in The Belleville News-Democrat J of February 18, 1887, and are here reproduced. This singularly-preserved, detailed, and authentic account, evi- dently made not a great while after the assassination, and in the place of its occurrence, from oral accounts of eye- witnesses of the tragedy, and by a man minutely informed on the subject, possesses a great historic value and sheds < new light upon the sad occurrence. ' It testifies that: "Rice Jones was shot down by Dunlap about six yards above the old elm tree. Dunlap came out of E. Backus' house about ten minutes before he shot Jones. He (Dunlap) RICE JONES. I47 was there in company with Backus. John Menard was at Dunlap's when he came galloping home from killing Jones, and told his wife, in the presence of John Menard, that he had 'killed the rascal Jones.' John Clino, living with James Gilbreath, and Robert Morrison saw Dunlap shoot Jones. McCali was talking at the picket fence of James Gilbreath's yard, McCali on the inside and Dunlap on the outside of the pickets, when Rice Jones passed out of Robert Morrison's yard, going down to J. Edgar's, when, after he had passed Dunlap and McCali down the further side of the street, Dunlap jumped off his horse and hitched his bridle on the pickets where he and McCali were talk- ing, and started after Jones, who was walking down the street, when he crossed the street up behind him, a dis- tance of one yard, and Dunlap told him to stop. Jones immediately turned around, and Dunlap said: 'I am going to revenge' myself,' and instantly fired his pistol, about three feet from the body of Jones. The ball entered" his body on the right side, just below the collar-bone, and came out behind, about five inches below the top of his shoulder, close by the backbone. William Morrison and McCali ran to Jones, and several persons asked him what was the matter, and he replied : 'That rascal, Dunlap, has shot me.' And Morrison asked him for what reason, and Jones answered: 'I don't know;' and said: 'I am gone,' and expired in about five minutes. "The moment Dunlap shot Jones, he ran back to his horse where McCali had stood, jumped on him, and gal- loped off as fast as possible to his house, where he told his wife, in presence of John Menard, that he had 'shot that rascal Jones,' and immediately loaded his pistols and started off down the road toward the Point, in company with R. Porter, and has never been seen since." Here the account goes on to say: "It is well known that Backus, Robinson, Gilbreath, 10 148 EARLY ILLINOIS. Finney, Michael Jones, and Langlois were in Cahi: holding counsel to kill this man Rice Jones. The c Dunlap sent a challenge to William Morrison, Bad Robinson, and Gilbreath were at Dunlap's, with T. Sir holding the door fast, while Capt. Bilderback stood at door a long time and could 'not get in, although his daui ter was at the point of death. At last Dunlap opened door, and said 'the men were in council for that purpc intimating the killing of young Jones, and Gilbreath swered Bilderback and said his daughter would not for one hour. J. Edgar saw these men go down to Di lap's that day and remain nearly two hours, and from movements of these men back and forward from Dunla house for some time before that day and on the very c Jon.es was shot, [there was no doubt] that these men w accessories to the death of Rice Jones." If there were lacking anything to thoroughly convii the world that the persons who compassed the death Rice Jones were actuated by the most virulent passic the measure of proof would be filled to overflowing the following blasphemous and altogether unparalle utterances, quoted from the Morrison record, of one them, whose spirit may be presumed to have characteri; all of the conspirators: "James Finney* said in Fol 'that if he met Jesus Christ in the street he would g his hand in preference to Dunlap, and ki Dunlap went hell he would go to hell also in preference to going heaven; and if Dunlap was to go to heaven, he would i a higher seat in heaven than Jesus Christ, and be set the right hand of God for killing Rice Jones.' " The friends of Dr. Dunlap farcically pretended to cla * This James Finney is presumed to be the one of that name who f 1795 to 1803 was one of the twelve men who constituted the Randc County court of common pleas, other prominent members of which \ Justices John Edgar, Pierre Menard, and Robert Reynolds. RICE JONES. 149 that he did the killing in self-defence, but eye-witnesses declared it, as do all historians, a deliberate and cold- blooded murder, by the law of both God and man — a fact of which Dunlap was perfectly well aware and knew would be easily proven, as is evidenced by his immediate aban- donment of wife and children and flight to far-off Texas, as was subsequently learned, whence he never returned to answer for his crime in the temporal courts of Illinois. It was no doubt a part of the prearranged plan for Dunlap to flee the country, that he could not be brought to trial, in which his evidence would have hopelessly implicated his companions in crime as immediate accessories to the assassination. The case was brought to the attention of the grand jury, which, after bringing in an indictment against Dunlap for murder, also indicted, Michael Jones, because "he did, on the 6th day of December, 1808, incite, move, aid, and abet, feloneously and with malice afore- thought, the said James Dunlap to commit the crime of murder." When the case of The United States versus Michael Jones was reached on the calendar of the territorial circuit court, in September, 1809, Judges Alexander Stuart, Oba- diah Jones, and Jesse B. Thomas presiding, the prosecut- ing-attorney, B. H. Doyle, presenting an affidavit of Archi- bald McKnabb, "an important witness," to the effect that he was too sick to attend court, asked for a continuance of the trial, which being granted, Michael Jones was ad- mitted to bail in the sum of $3000, his sureties being John McFerron, Shadrach Bond, jr., Thomas Leavens, Henry Leavens, Henry Connor, and Samuel Cochran. The post- poned case came up for trial on April 10, 18 10, before a jury consisting of Wm. Rector, Paul Harralson, Thomas s Wideman, Wm. McBride, John Anderson, George Frank- lin, David Anderson, John McFerron, Henry Connor, Geo. Creath, Jacob Funk, and James Fulton, who brought in a 150 EARLY ILLINOIS. verdict of acquittal. As "there were probable grounds for preferring the indictment," the court "exonerated the prose- cutor — John Rice Jones ? — from paying the costs!"* The fact that among the jurors were two of the accused man's bondsmen and sympathetic personal friends, and other peculiar circumstances of the conduct of the case and trial, may not have any significance ; but it is fair to infer that men who would be so far influenced by "hate that sins" and rank envy as to coolly plot the deliberate murder of a fellowman, would not scruple to avail them- selves of any foul means that could be employed toward the acquittal of one on trial for complicity in a crime to the committing of which they all contributed and in the perpetration of which they gloried — the death of one whose brilliancy, virtues, personal popularity with the people, and promise of great political and professional success, filled his enemies with a jealousy which, with the disap- pointment of political defeat and the pruriency of personal enmity, simply made the matter of his removal impera- tively necessary to their peace of mind. These are the conclusions that force themselves upon the mind when the facts and circumstances preceding and attending the mur- der are studied in their true relations. While it is a matter of historical record that "the whole community mourned the death of this fine young man,' cut off in his prime by an assassin,"- it is equally certain that the finding of the jury was not in accord with the popular verdict ; for familiar as they must have been, from the notoriously open threats and malevolent actions of the enemies of the murdered man, with the circumstances leading up to the killing, the people knew, however a jury might decide, that James Dunlap was guilty of murder in the first degree, and that Michael Jones, Elijah Backus, James Gilbreath, James Finney, and their worthy confrhes * McDonough's " History of Randolph County, 111. " RICE JONES. 151 were immediate accessories to the atrocious crime ; and as such they will go down in history — gloriously to them, in their own estimation, be it said, if they died entertaining the shocking sentiments heretofore quoted as expressed by the blasphemous Finney, one of the immortal band. Of the abilities and qualities of Rice Jones, it is here and now unnecessary to speak at length, as all writers concede his extraordinary capacity, his brilliant, talents, and his varied mental attainments; while his noble per- sonal characteristics were such as to greatly endear him to the mass of the people, whose hearts were not of that unhappy kind that beat in the breasts of his implacable enemies. However preeminent a man may be intellectu- ally, if detestable traits and odious conduct distinguish him, "the entire community" in which he dwells never grieves for him, as did the people of Kaskaskia and the county of Randolph for Rice Jones. While they abhorred his slayers and their bloody deed, they mourned his death and his tragic fate, because "His life was noble, and the elements So mixed in him, that Nature might stand up And say to all the world, This was a man." Ex-Gov. Reynolds of Illinois, who knew him personally and was intimate with many public men and others who knew him well, writing so late as 1852, declares that "judging from the character he acquired at school and from what was known of him at Kaskaskia, it is not improbable that his superior was not in the country before or after his death. * * He possessed a strong intellect and was also endowed with an excessive ambition, together with an ardent and impetuous disposition that showed the Welsh temperament more than his father," and that, alto- gether, "he was a young man of exceedingly great prom-" ise." Another historian, in concluding a notice of him, 152 EARLY ILLINOIS. declares that in his untimely death "the bar of Illinc was deprived of one of its most promising members ai politics of a bright particular star;" and all writers wl have occasion to speak of him, without exception, expre similar glowing opinions of him. One of his classmates at the Transylvania Universit who afterward became nationally eminent as a U.-S. sen tor from Kentucky and as vice-president of the Uniti States, the learned and brilliant Col. Richard Mentor Joh son, often spoke of him to Gen. Geo. Wallace Jones, who s with Johnson in the national senate and was a half-broth of Rice Jones, and declared him, the latter, one of the mc gifted men he had ever known. Such having been tl case, who can help but think that had he not fallen victim to the deadly hatred of assassins he would ha become one of the most distinguished sons of his adopt State, and left a name that she would have proudly che ished forever among those of the illustrious men who ha made her history so glorious. Yet she will not forget hi whose able and zealous advocacy of her claims to recogi tion as a territory was largely instrumental in defeatii the machinations of her enemies and speedily placing h on the way to early admission and that proud place amoi the sisterhood of states which she soon achieved, has ev maintained, and will continue to grace.* * The address of welcome of the citizens of Randolph County to G Ninian Edwards on his arrival in Kaskaskia in June, 1809, opens thus: "P suming that you may be in some degree unacquainted with the feelings e sentiments of the citizens at this important crisis, we can not forbear express our hopes that you will take into consideration that the majori whose incessant exertions effectuated a division of the territory, have a ch on your excellency for the calumnies, indignities, and other enormities wh those who opposed that measure never ceased to heap upon the friends ■< advocates of the present system of our government. In announcing th ^truths, while we deplore that the gentleman [Jesse B. Thomas] who 1 elected to congress and ultimately succeeded in obtaining justice for us, i hung in effigy at Vincennes, by the opposers of the division, and that 1 RICE JONES. I S3 Still he died neither unwept nor unsung, and chroniclers of early Illinois history will continue to pay that just tribute to his talents, his character, and his patriotic ser- vices first contained in the writings of that impartial histo- rian and nobleman, the late ex-Gov. John Reynolds. Well may each one who has honorably figured in the history of his country, his state, or his community, "Wish no other herald, No other speaker of his living actions, To keep his honor from corruption, Than such an honest chronicler." To this day, the spot near "the old elm tree," where Rice Jones fell mortally wounded and a moment afterward expired, on that memorable December day, full four score years ago, is pointed out to visitors by the people of Kas- kaskia, where " The soft memory of his virtues yet Lingers, like twilight hues when the bright sun is set." of the warmest friends and ablest advocates of the measure [Rice Jones] was assassinated at Kaskaskia, in consequence of their machinations, we derive great consolation from a firm belief that your excellency will gratify the virtu- ous majority, to whose patriotic exertions the citizens are indebted for the government of their choice, and your excellency your high station, with that honorable indemnity which is in your gift, and which would be considered by them as a remuneration for all those indignities, and a pledge of their future support to your administration." — Edwards' "History of Illinois," pp. 29-30. FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 32. FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY, CHICAGO. JOHN TODD, JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK, JOHN-TODD PAPERS. FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 33. JOHN TODD, JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK AND JOHN-TODD PAPERS. Historical Sketch and Notes, EDWARD GAY MASON, President of the Chicago Historical Society. REPRINTED FROM Vol. IV, Chicago Historical Society's Collections: "Early Chicago and Illinois." CHICAGO: FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY. 1890. JOHN TODD. By Edward G. Mason of Chicago. JOHN TODD, the first civil governor under the laws of Virginia of the region of which the State of Illi- nois is a part, was born in Montgomery County, Pennsyl- vania, on March 27, 1750. He was a son of David Todd and Hannah Owen, and was early left an orphan. He and his brother Levi came under the care of their uncle, Rev. John Todd, in distinction from whom the subject of this sketch was known as John Todd, Junior. He received his early education at the classical academy of this uncle, in Louisa County, Virginia. This county adjoined that of Hanover, where Patrick Henry spent his early life. Mr. Henry was elected to the house of burgesses, by Louisa County, and he afterward removed there. In its courts he practised law, and it is probable that he thus became acquainted with John Todd in his youth, and his early impressions of him may have had something to do with his after-selection of Todd for the important position of county-lieutenant of Illinois. Todd studied law with Gen. Andrew Lewis, and prac- tised his profession for a short time in the counties of Botetourt and Bedford, in Virginia. He served as aid to Gen. Lewis at the battle of Point Pleasant and in the campaign of 1774 against the Scioto towns. In the fol- lowing year he removed to Kentucky, and joined in the , establishment of St. Asaph Station. He was one of those -who met at Boonesboro' on May 23, 1775, "under the great elm tree near the fort," to establish the proprietary govern- ment of the so-called colony of Transylvania, comprising, more than half of the present State of Kentucky; and 11-33-1 155 156 EARLY ILLINOIS. was a leading member of its assembly, the first legislat body organized west of the Alleghanies. He establisl himself at Todd's Station, near Lexington, Kentucky, 1776, and in December of that year, with nine others, wi through the wilderness to bring the powder which Virgi had granted for the defence of the frontier, from Limestc Creek to the Kentucky forts. His party was defeated Christmas day by the Indians at the Blue Licks, and narrowly escaped death near the very place at which was destined to fall a few years later. In the spring of 1777, he and Richard Calloway wi chosen the first burgesses from Kentucky to the gene assembly of Virginia, and made the perilous journey Williamsburg to perform their public duties. He rendei efficient aid in bringing about the expedition of Geoi Rogers Clark to the Illinois, in 1778, and was with tl famous soldier at the capture of Kaskaskia and of V cennes. This has been doubted, but the fact is est; lished by family papers that Todd accompanied Clark this campaign, and there is a tradition that he was 1 first man to enter the fort at Kaskaskia when it was tali from the British. In October, 1778, the general assembly of Virgii passed "an act for establishing the County of Illinois, a for the more effectual protection and defence thereof." provides that all the citizens of Virginia settled on 1 western side of the Ohio shall be included in a distil county, to be called Illinois County. This practica included the whole region afterward known as the Nor west Territory. Of this county, the governor of the St; was authorized to appoint a county-lieutenant or comm; dant, who could appoint and commission deputy coram: dants, militia officers, and commissaries/ and pardon offences except murder and treason. On December 12, 1778, Patrick Henry, as governor JOHN TODD. , 157 Virginia, by virtue of the aforesaid act, appointed John Todd county- lieutenant or commandant of the County of Illinois. He repaired to' his new post in the following spring, arriving at Kaskaskia in May, 1779. He was ex- ceedingly busy with the duties of his government during the greater part of that year, and evidently found his position distasteful, for in a letter to the governor of Vir- ginia, dated Kaskaskias, Augus(^i8, 1779, he asked per- mission to attend the session of the legislature in the following spring, and "get a discharge from an office which an unwholesome air, a distance from my connexions, a language not familiar to me, and an impossibility of pro- curing many of the conveniences of life suitable, all tend to render uncomfortable." Col. Todd, however, does not appear to have been granted this permission, or to have availed himself of it, and during the few remaining years of his short life, although he seems not to have been in Illinois after- 1 779, his correspondence shows that he was earnestly attentive to its interests. In 1780, he was elected a delegate from the County of Ken- tucky to the legislature of Virginia, and was married while attending its session of that year, to Miss Jane Hawkins.. In the summer of 1781, Gov. Thomas Jefferson appointed Todd colonel of Fayette County; Kentucky; and in May, 1782, he was made one of the trustees of Lexington, in that State, by act of Virginia. In the summer of that year, as senior colonel, he commanded the little force of one hundred and eighty men who went in pursuit of the Indians retreating from Simon Girty's famous raid on the settlements south of the Ohio, and on August 19, 1782, he died heroically at the disastrous battle of the Blue Licks. His only child, Mary Owen Todd, was married first to a Mn Russell, and afterward became the second wife of Robert Wickliffe of Lexington, Kentucky, and died childless. , v 158 EARLY- ILLINOIS. The original record-book kept by Col. Todd during his residence in the County of Illinois has been preserved to our time by the merest chance. In November, 1879, a a visitor at Kaskaskia learned that the old documents formerly kept there had been removed to the neighboring town of Chester, when it became the county-seat of Ran- dolph County, Illinois. Upon inquiry at the latter place, he was informed that s^eral chests of these papers had stood for years in the nail of the court-house, until the greater part of their contents had been lost or destroyed. A small box had been filled with those that remained a few years before, and placed in one of the rooms of the building. These also had disappeared, and it was finally ascertained that they had been distributed among the different offices to be used as kindling, and all had been burned except one old book, which was found in a recep- tacle for fuel in the county-clerk's apartment. And this upon examination proved to be Col. John Todd's Record- Book,- which subsequently, by vote of the commissioners of Randolph County, was deposited with the Chicago His- torical Society for safe-keeping. Its contents are of suffi- cient interest and value, in connection with the early history of Illinois, to justify its publication in full in this volume. And in connection with it, such letters of Col. John Todd and those associated with him as could be found in the Canadian and Virginian archives are also .published herein.* * Authorities: — Reynolds' "Pioneer History of Illinois," second edition; John Mason Brown's "Address at the Centennial Commemoration of the Battle of the Blue Licks"; and letters from John Mason Brown and William Wirt Henry. JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK.* From the original in possession of the Chicago Historical Society, No. 3437. [On the inside of the front cover of the book is written :] Kaskaskias in the Ilinois 29th april 1782. Eighty and touce. This day 10 oClock A:M Je vas Taken out of my house by Isreal Dodge on an order Given by Jno. Dodge * in despite of the Civil authoroty Disregardled the Laws and on ther Malitious acusation of Jas. Williams and nicheul pevante as may appear by their deposition Je vas Confined By Tyranick military force without making any Legal aplication to the Civil Magistrates 30th the attorney for the State La Buiniere presented a petition to the Court against Richard Winston* State prisonner in their Custody the Contents of which he (the attorney for the State) ought to heave Communicated to me or my attor- ney if any J had.-f- [Letter of Instructions from Patrick Henry, Governor of Virginia, pages 1-6 :] ' T -r, ^ W^burg, Dec'' 1 2th, 1778. To John Todd, Esq' . ' " By virtue of the act of Gen 1 Assembly which estab- * This book contains thirty^nine pages of iox 15, laid, ledger -ruled paper, with water-marked "crown" and letters "D VG" under, and "IV"; enclosed in combed-marbled thin paste-board covers. -+ This memorandum has no connection with the other contents of the Record-Book, and was apparently inscribed, by accident on its cover. . Richard Winston, by whom it was written, was living in the Illinois Country as early as July, 1773. He was appointed by John Todd captain and commandant at Kaskaskia, May 14, 1779; was also sheriff-in-chief of that district, elected hy the people, and was left in command at Kaskaskia by Todd, during his absence in June, I77May, 1779; 3rd year of the Comnw'h. * This is believed to be the genuine signature of Patrick Henry,' it being apparently identical with other autographs known to be his.— E. g. m. Francois Trotter Comm 1 Tourangeau Capt. 1. Beaulieu Capt. 2. Gerradin Lieut. P. Marthen Leutt. Sansfacon Ensign. Ensign. JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK. 165 List of the Court of Kaskaskia as Elected by the People : 1 Gabriel Cerre 2 Joseph Duplasy 3 Jaques Lesource 4 ' Nicholas Janis 5 J. B. Barbeau 6 Nicholas Le Chance 7 Charles Charleville 8 Antoine Duchasfourt de Louvieres 9 Girradot > Carboneau Clerk. Rich t~„» t t^„^ John Todd. French Translation: [The three following lines are erased.] Plan Pour Emprunter la somme de trente trois mil trois cent trente trois & un tiere piastres monoiss du tresoier de cet Etat ainsi que des Etats unies. Copy of the Instructions, &c, on the Borrowing Fund: [page 15] Sir: — You are hereby appointed a Commissionor for Borrowing money upon the Kohoskia Fund. Inclosed is a Coppy . of the Plan, the Design you'll Observe is to abridge the Quantity in Circulation— the money paid in I/O EARLY ILLINOIS. you will preserve untill you Shall be Caled upon for it. Let every man's Money be kept apart with his nam and Quantity Indorsid thereon, keep a book to Register the No., the Person's names, the Quantity of Money, the date your Receipt, thus: Kohoskia Fund (No. i). " I dd certify that I have received of the Sum of Dollars, which intiles the said to a propotionable quantity of land in the Kohoskia Fund or Gold & Silver, according to the. Plan Recordid in the Recorder's Office of Kaskaskia. Witness my Hand this Day of 1779. ' H v Crutcher, Comr. [Bond of Commissioner, page 16:] Know all men by these presence that we, Henry Crutcher, George Slaughter & John Roberts, are held and firmly bound Unto Jn° Tpdd, Esq r , Commander in Chief of the County of Ilinois, in the Sum of Thirty three Thousand three hundred & thirty three Dollars & one third to be paid to the said John Todd or his successors, to which payment, will & truly to be maid, we do bind Ourselves & each of each of Our heirs, executors, firmly by These Presence. Sealed & Datid this 14th Day of June, in the year 1779. The Condition of the above Obligation is such if the ^bove named Henry Crutcher, Commissioner for the Fund for borrowing certaine Sums of Continental & State Currency, shall at all Times when Required pay and Account for all Sums so received, and in all things Comport himself agreable to Such Rul.es and Regulations as Shall be Adopted for prosecuting the same, then the Above Obligation to be Void, Otherwise In full force. Test: HY Crutcher. "(Seal) Richd Harrison. Geo. Slaughter. (Seal) Richd Winston. John Roberts. (Seal) JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK. 171 "Proclamation: [page 17] Ilinois, to wit: Whereas from the Furtilety & beauti- full Situation of the Lands bordering upon the Missisippy, Ohio, Ilinois, & Wabash rivers, the Taking up the usual quantity heretofore allowed for a Setlement by the Gov- ernmnt of Virginia, would injure both the Strength & Commerce of this Country in Future, I do therefore issue this Proclamation strictly enjoining all persons whatsoever from making any New Settlements upon the Flat lands of the said Rivers or within one league of said lands, unless In manor and form of Settle- m' as heretofore made by the French Inhabitints untill Further Orders given hereon. And in order that all the Claims to Lands within the Said Country may be fully known & some method pro- vided for perpetuating by records the just Claimes, every Inhabit 1 is required, as soon as conveniently may be, to lay before the persons in each District appointed for that purpose a Memmed° of his or her Land, with Coppys of all theire Vouchers & where vouchers have never been given or are lost, such Depositions & Certif s as will best Tend to Support there Claims. Such memd° to mention the Quantity of land, to whome Origonally granted, or by whome Settled, and when; deducing the Title thro the Various Occupants to the Present possessor. The number of Adventurers who will Soon Over run This Country renders the above method necessesary, as well to Assertain the Vacant Land as to Guard against Tres- passes, which will probably be Committed upon Land not of Record. Given under my Hand & Seal at Kaskaskia, the 14th . day of June, 1779. John Todd. 12-33-2 \"]2 EARLY ILLINOIS. ' Warrant for Execution: [erased, page 1 8] Ilinois, to wit: To Richard Winston, Esq., Sheriff in Chief of the District of Kaskaskia: Negro Manuel, a Slave, in your Custody, is condemned by the Court of Kaskaskia, after haying made honorable Fine at the Door of the Church, to be chained to a post at the water side & there to be burnt a!ive,-& his ashes scattered, as appears to me by Record. This Sentence you are hereby required to put in Execution on tuesday next, at 9 o'Clock in the morning; and this shall be your Warrant. Given under my hand & seal at Kaskaskia, the 13th day of June, in the third year of the Common- wealth. , , [John Todd to Richard Winston, page 18:] Sir: — During my absence the Command will devolve upon you as Commander of Kaskaskia- — if Cofc Clark should want anything more for his Expodition, consult the members of the Court upon the best mode of pro- ' ceeding, if the people will not Spare wilingly, if in there power, you must press it, valueing valluing the Property by Two men upon Oath — let the Millitary have no pre- test for forcing property. When you Order it, & the people will not find it, then it will be Time for them to Interfere — by all means keep up a Good Understanding with Col Clark and the Officers— if this is not the Case you will be Unhapy. I am, sir, y r Hble Serv 1 , John Todd, To Rich d Winston, Esq*.- June 15, 1779. [John Todd to Nicholas Janis, page 19:] To Capt. NICHOLAS Janis:— You are, hereby required JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK. 1 73 to call upon a partey of your Militia to guard Morace, a Slave condemed to execution, up to the Town of Kohos. put them under an Officer they shall be intitled pay, Rashtions, & Refreshment dureing the Time they shall be upon Duty, to be certifyed hereafter by you. I am, sir, your Hble Servant, JnO Todd, 15th June, 1779. I recommend 4 or 5 from your Compy & as many from Capt. Placey's, and consult Mr. Lacroix about the Time necessary. J. T. [Proclamation, pages 19, 20:] Ilinoiss, to wit: Whereas the emissions of Continentall money Dated the 20th May, 1777, and Apl nth, 1778, were required to be paid into some Continental Treasury by the first of June, which was a day imposible with the People of Ilinoiss, I do therefore notifye all persons who have money of the said emissions, that unless they shall as soon as posi- ble Comply with the said Resolution of Congress and Produce Vouchers of such there imposibility, the mony must Sink in there Hands; the Vouchers must be certi- fyed by myself or some Deputy Commandant of this County and have Reference to the Bundle of mony num- bred and seald. Signd by order of the Commandant in Chief, at Kas- kaskia, July 37th, 1779. John Todd. Coppy, HY CRUTCHER,' Secy. D'autant que la Monnoye Ameriquaine en datte du 20 May, 1777, et celle du 11 Avril, 1778, ont ete requises pour £tre remises a Quelque tresorier du Continent au premier des Juin, dernier chose impossible pour les gens des Ilinois. 1 72 EARLY ILLINOIS. ' Warrant for Execution: [erased, page 1 8] Ilinois, to wit: To Richard Winston, Esq., Sheriff™ Chief of the District of Kaskaskia: Negro Manuel, a Slave, in your Custody, is condemned by the Court of Kaskaskia, after having made honorable Fine at the Door of the Church, to be chained to a post at the water side & there to be burnt alive, -& his ashes scattered, as appears to me by Record. This Sentence you are hereby required to put in Execution on tuesday next, at 9 o'Clock in the morning ; and this shall be your Warrant. Given under my hand & seal at Kaskaskia, the 13th day of June, in the third year of the Common- wealth. [John Todd to Richard Winston, page 18:] Sir: — During my absence the Command will devolve upon you as Commander of Kaskaskia— if Col° Clark should want anything more for his Expodition, consult the members of the Court upon the best mode of pro- ceeding, if the people will not Spare wilingly, if in there power, you must press it, valueing valluing the Property by Two men upon Oath— let the Millitary have no pre- test for forcing property. When you Order it, & the people will not find it, then it will be Time for them to Interfere — by all means keep up a Good Understanding with Col Clark and the Officers — if this is not the Case you will be Unhapy. I am, sir, y r Hble Serv 1 , John Todd, , To Rich d Winston, Esq r .- June 15, 1779. [John Todd to Nicholas Janis, page 19:] To Capt. Nicholas Janis : — You are hereby required JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK. 1 73 to call upon a partey of your Militia to guard Morace, a Slave condemed to execution, up to the Town of Kohos. put them under an Officer they shall be intitled pay, Rashtions, & Refreshment dureing the Time they shall be upon Duty, to be certifyed hereafter by you. I am, sir, your Hble Servant, JnO Todd, 15th June, 1779. I recommend 4 or 5 from your Compy & as many from Capt. Placey's, and consult Mr. Lacroix about the Time necessary. J. T. [Proclamation, pages 19, 20:] Ilinoiss, to wit: Whereas the emissions of Continentall money Dated the 20th May, 1777, and Ap 1 nth, 1778, were required to be paid into some Continental Treasury by the first of June, which was a day imposible with the People of Ilinoiss, I do therefore notifye all persons who have money of the said emissions, that unless they shall as soon as posi- ble Comply with the said Resolution of Congress and Produce Vouchers of such there imposibility, the mony must Sink in there Hands; the Vouchers must be certi- fyed by myself or some Deputy Commandant of this County and have Reference to the Bundle of mony num- bred and seald. Signd by order of the Commandant in Chief, at Kas- kaskia, July 27th, 1779. John Todd. Coppy, HY Crutcher, Secy. D'autant que la Monnoye Ameriquaine en datte du 20 May, 1777, et celle du 1 1 Avril, 1778, ont ete requises pour etre remises a Quelque tresorier du Continent au premier des Juin, dernier chose impossible pour les gens des Ilinois. 174 EARLY ILLINOIS. Le present est pour avertir toutes personnes qui ont des cartes des susdits quantiemes de se conformer au sus- ditte Resolution du Congres et produire des certificats de la ditte impossibility, si non l'argent sera perdu pour eux. Les certificats serons signe de moy ou de quelque Depute Commandant de cette Comtek ayant toujours recours aux liesses de Monnoye numerotee et cachettee. Signe par ordre du Commandant en chef, July 27, 1779. [Order to hold Court, page 21;] To Gabriel CerRE, &c, Esq r s, Judges of the Court for the District of ^Caskaskia: You are Hereby Authorized & required to Hold and Constitute a Court on Satterday, the 21st of July, at the Usiall place of Holding Court, within y r District, any adjournment to the Contrary notwithstanting. Provided that no Suitor or partey be Gompeled to an- sware any prosess upon said Day unless properly sumoned by the Clark & Shirriff. Given under rny Hand & Seal at Kaskaskia, July 31st, 1779. John Todd. [Letter to Spanish Commandant at Ste. Genevieve, page 21:] Aux Kaskaskas, 9 dAout, 1779. Monsieur Cartabonne, Comd' St. Genevieve: II sera a l'advantage de chaque Gouvernment que tout voitures.en commerce partant des Illinois, seront oblige a livrer leur effets ou Carguaisons dans le Ports de Sa Majeste Catholique qui sont situe enbas de ce Poste, et qui les Proprictaires donne leurs obligations cautione dans les Offices respectives, avant quils auront permission pour JOHN TODD'S RECORD- BOOK. 1 75 leurs depart, l'advantage d'un tel arangement avec le Gour- vernment Espagnole et trop clair pour en demander des explanations, en sort que tout commerce de notre Bord se jetterai parmis nos Amis. L'advantage a l'Etat de Virginie sera que nos Enmis de Natchez et Manchac seront depriv6 de tout provisions decendons de notre Posts. Je soit d'avoir votre reponse a cet convention par le Porteur si ca sera possible. Comme de quasi sert til que je contraindre nos Inhabitants, quand les Garrisons des Anglais peuve etre fournis dans leurs besoins par vos Sujets. Jai aucune nouvelles a vous communique hors que le" le Colonel Clark n'a pas encore parti du Post Vincennes. Si en cas quelques Ennemis vous interrompe et que nos forces peuve vous rendu Service, Je suis ordonne depart du Gouverneur de la Virginie de vous envbyer des Secours. Jai l'honneur d'etre tout parfait. [Proclamation, page 22:] The Inhabitants of Kaskaskia are for the last time invited to contract with the persons appointed for pro- vision, especially Flower, for the Troops who will shortly be here. I hope they'll use properly the Indulgeance of a mild Government. If I shall be obliged to give the military permission to press, it will be a disadvantage, and what ought more to influence Freemen it will be a dishonor to the people. Published by order of the Comm dt in chief at Kaskas- kia, nth Aug 1 , 1779. Sent to Mons r - Leyba a Letter to the Same Effect & rec d an Answer. 176 V EARLY ILLINOIS. [Form of Draft on Governor of Virginia, page 23:] To his Excellency the Governor of Virginia: Please to pay to C D or Order the sum of Dollars which is due to him from the State of Virginia for sun- dries furnished the Militia & Indians, as appe'ars by Vouchers to me rendered. Given under my hand at Kaskaskia, the nth August, 1779- -. Mr. J. B. Z. LaCroix, Dol. 78, Augt 11, 1779. [Proclamation, pages 23-4:] Illinois, to wit: Whereas the Demands of the State require that a Stock of Provision be immediately laid for the use of the Troops of the Common- Wealth, and that an Embargo be laid upon such Provision for a limited time. I do therefore issue this Proclamation stritely enjoining all Inhabitants and others in the County of Illinois from exporting either by Land or Water any Provisions what- soever for the space of Sixty days, unless I shall have assurance before that time that a sufficient Stock is laid up for the Troops or sufficient Security is given to the Contractors for its delivery whenever required. The Offender herein shall be subjected to Imprison- ment for One Month and more over forfeit the value of such exported Provision. Given under my hand and seal at Kaskaskias, 22nd August, 1779. Les Demandes de L'Etat requerant qu'une quantite de Provisions soyent immediatement serree-pour L'usage des des Troupes de la Republique, Et qu'un Embargo soit mis sur toutes Provisions pour un Terns limite. JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK. 1 77 En consequence de quay J e publie cette proclamation pour defendre strictement a tous les Habitants et autres dans les Compte des Illinois, d'Exporter par Terre ou par Eau, aucunne Espece de Provisions que ce Soit, a com- mencer immediatement et durer l'Espace de Soixante Jours, amoin qu'une quantite suffisant pour les Troupes ne soit remise, ou que Surete soit donne aux Contracteurs pour la delivree des dittes Provisions a leur demande. Touttes Personnes qui Contreviendront a la presente Proclamation, seront Sujits a Un mois d'Emprisonment, et a la Confiscation des Provisions qu'ils auront exporte ou la Valeur. Donne sous ma Main et Sceau aux Kaskaskias, le 22 d'Aout, 1779. [Notice concerning Called-in Currency, -page 24:] Illinois, to wit: The publick are notified that after tomorrow no more Certificates will be Granted at Kaskaskia to Persons pro- ducing the called in Emmissions. Published by Order, Augt. 22nd, 1779. Le public est Notifie qua'pres demain, il ne sera plus donnd de Certificat aux Kaskaskia, aux Personnes qui pro- duirent des Argents des dattes lappeller. Publie' par Ordre, Le 22 d'Aout, 1779. [Record of Order on Governor of Virginia, page 25:] October 7th, 1779. Order given pat. Mc Crosky on the Govt- for 140 Dollars, dated at Kas* 7th Oct. 1779 (No. 2) (140), by certificate from Mr. Helm. 178 EARLY ILLINOIS. [Condemnation Proceeding, pages 25, 26:] ' Advertised by notifying at the Door of the Church of Kaskaskia the Half a lot above the Church, Joing Picard on the East & Langlois on the West, that unless some person should appear & support their Claim to the said Lot within three Days if should be condemned to the Use of the Commonwealth. S d notification was dated 4th Oct., 1779. Ilinois, to wit: Whereas after publickly calling upon any peron or persons to shew & make appear any Claim which they might have to a certain Lot of Land contain- ing one half acre be the same more or less lying in the Town of Kaskaskia near the Church, adjoining Mons. Picard on the East & Mons. Langlois on the West, & after delaying & waiting the appointed time & no person yet appearing te claim the same against the Commonwealth of Virginia, I do declare & adjudge the said Lot to belong to the said commonwealth, & that all persons whatsoever be thenceforth debarred & precluded forever from any Claim thereto. Given under my Hand at Kaskaskia the 13th day of October in the fourth year of the Common- wealth, Annog Domahi 1779. Jn° Todd, Jr. Copy of a Grant to Col. Montgomery. [Page 26.] [Remainder of the page containing the Grant torn out] [Court Record, page 27 :| La Cour a et6 ouverte le cinq juin Mil sept cent quatre- vingt sept. Et La renvoye" au cinq du mois juiliet prochain au Kaskaskias, le 5 juin, 1787. Henry Smith. JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK. 1 79 [Oath of Allegiance, page 28:] I do swear on the Holy evangelists of almighty god that I Renounce all Fidelity to george the third, King of Great Brittan, his Heirs and Sucessors, and that I will bear true allegiance to the united States~of America* as free and Independant, as declared by Congress, and that I will not do, nor cause to be done, any matter or thing that may be injurious or Prejudicial to the independ<=e of said states; and that I will make Known to some one Justice of the Peace for the united States all Treasonous, alt Treatorous, conspiracies, which may come to my Knowl- edge to be formed against said united States or any one of them. So help me God. Sworn at. Kaskaskias, 10 July, 1782. James Moore. [Court Record, pages 29-36:] La cour ce tien le 25 e juiliet, 1787, a neuf heure Du matin. La cour est envoye au ventdeux du mois d'aous au Kas- kaskias, le 25 e juiliet, 1787. Antoine Bauvais. Fr. Corset. J. S. G. Bauvais. Vitale Bauvais. La Chanse. L. Brazaux. 1787- La cour est ouverte ajourdhui vingt sept de 'Septem- bre mil sept cent quatre vingt et sept. Present, M r - Antoine Beauvais, president et St. geme Beauvais, et Vital Beauvais et francois Corset et Louis - Brazeau. J. S. G. Bauvais. Vitale Bauvais. L. Brazaux. Antoine Bauvais. Fr. Corset. La cour est renvoye au quinze du mois Octobre au Kas., le 27 7bre, 1787. Vitale Bauvais. Antoine Bauvais. Fr. Corset. T. S. G. Bauvais. L. Brazaux. 1 80 EARLY ILLINOIS. Aujourd'hui quinzieme jour du mpis octobre mil sept cent quatre vingt sept. La cour tenant a neuf heurs du- matin. La cour est renvoye" a deux heurs apre midi ajourd hui. La Chanse. Vitale Bauvais." . Fr. Corset. J. S. G. Bauvais. La cour est ouvert a 1 heur dits deux heures apremidi. La cour est renvoy6 le quinze dumois Novembre, prochain au Kaskaskias, le quinzieme Octobre Mil sept cent quatre vingt sept (la cour tenante). La Chanse. J. S. G. Bauvais. Fr. Corset. Vitale Bauvais. Aujourd'hui vingt cinquieme Octobre mil sept cent quatre vingt sept. La cour par extra hordinaire a la de- mande, de Mr. demunbrunt, et francois Carbonaux, defend- eur. ANTOINE BauVais, pr^zidan. Vitale Bauvais. Fr. Corset. L. Brazaux. J. S. G. Bauvais. La Chanse. La cour est ouverte cejourd'hui quinzieme jour dumois Novembre Mil sept cent quatrevingt sept. .La cour est renvoye a un heure apremidi. 15 o,bre. Antoine Bauvais. Fr. Corset. La Chanse. Vitale Bauvais. J. S. G. Bauvais. La cour est ouverte a un heure apremidi ajourdui. La cour est renvoye' demain pour un affaires le i6e o.bre 1787. , Antoine Bauvais. Fr. Corset. Vitale Bauvais. J. S. G. Bauvais. La Chanse. La cour est ouverte a neuf heure dumatin le seize Novem- bre' Mil sept cent quatrevingt sept. Et renvoye' a mercredi le 2ie 9bre 1787. Antoine Bauvais, prezidan. Vitale Bauvais. L. Brazaux. J. S. G. Bauvais. La cour ajumee" jus qua Samedi le vingt quatrieme jour JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK. 181 du moi Novemble, Mil sept cent quatre vingt et sept. Est ouverte adeux h'eurs apremidi le jour et ans susdit. Antoine Bauvais, prezidan. JSGB Vitale Bauvais. Fr. Corset. L. Brazaux. La cour est renvoye au vingt Decembre prochain au Kaskaskias le 24c 9bre 1 787. Antoine Bauvais, p:z. J. S. G. Bauvais. L. Brazaux, Fr. Corset. Vitale Bauvais. La cour est ouverte. par Extrat ordinere ala demande de Mr. hugt hunard, le 26e gbre, L'an 1787. L. Brazaux. . Fr. Corset. Antoine Bauvais. Vitale Bauvais. N. 7, apartenant a M. hugt hunard. N. 4, apartenant a La Cour. La cour .est ouverte par extra ordinaire le onzieme De- cembre pour repandre ala presentation De M. hugt hunard. L'an 1787. Antoine Bauvais, p z Vitale Bauvais. L. Brazaux. Fr. Corset. La cour est ouvert ajourdhui vingt Decembre l'an mil sept cent quatreyingt sept, aneuf heurs dumatin. Vitale Bauvais. L. Brazaux. Antoine Bauvais. Fr. Corset. La cour est renvoyeau vint huit de mois. La cour tenant ajourd'hui 20 xbre 1787. Antoine Bauvais. Vitale Bauvais. L. Brazaux. Fr. Corset. La cour en renvoy£ au cinq de Janvier prochain au 15 Janvier prochain au Kas le 28 xbre 1787, par le president Antoine Bauvais, prezidan. 1788. L'an mil sept cent quatrevingt et huit, le quinzieme jour 1 82 EARLY ILLINOIS. dumois de 'Janvier, a neuf heurs Dumatin, La Cour est ouverte; La Cour a termine que chacque jure qui viendrai de la prairi du roche auront chacquun vingt cinq livre; avons renvoye la cour adeux heur apremidi, ajour dhui elr pour cause dans le village dix livre. VlTALE BAUVAIS. L. BRAZAUX. Antoine Bauvais. Fr. Corset. La cour est ouverte adeux heur a pres midi au Kas. ce 15 Janvier, 1788. 1 M. George Atchison, Foreman ^ 2 — James Lomon 3 — George Bigges 4 — Thomas Bigges 5 — Michael Huff 6 — Francis Clerk 7 — Wm. Bayly 8 — Joseph Worley 9 — Joseph Ogle 10 — Samuel Stevenson 11 — John Clark 12 — James Orr La cour a termine qui chacque jur6 qui viendront de Labelle fontaine, en cette qualite qui l'auront chacun La somme de quarante cinq livre chacun, au Kas le 15 Janvier, 1788. La somme a chacque jur6 de quarant cinq- livre au Kas lejoufs et ans, aprouve si moi jur charge de quarante cinqlivre. ANTOINE BAUVAIS, p nt Est comparu par nos ordres Monsieur Jean Edgar,, ala requition de M. jean Duff, pour declarer cequil a'tendu dire par M. jean Dodge, a dit amondet lui, Edgar a mepar- lent amoi merae. Cinq jours apres mon arive, en cette ville des Cas. Je suis capable de vous instruit des carater des gens de John Edgar & Taitt Pit, agt Thomas Green, Deft De faux de Compa- rection. Also a Jury wherein Daniel McEl Duff, Pit and Thomas Green, Deft JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK. 1 83 ce peyees. Monsieur Enri Smith il a la une bonne habita- tion, M. Smits, est un grand villin coquin, M. Dodge ma dit quil et6 capable de le faire venire sure un- peau d'an pour le faire fouette. Consernant des Marchandisse roti au fort gefersonne;* M. Dodge lui a dit que M. Smith soutenoit ce le contraire jusqua ceque M. Dodge, lui a fait voir. Ces fautes a"lors M. Dodge laquitte\ M. Dodge, a dit bon pour rester amis avec les gens la, par ceque Leurs argent est aussi bonne Comme celle d'un autres Et le dit jure a per- site a sa declaration que c'etait la verity a la cour tenant ce 25 juiliet, 1787, et assign^, Jno. Edgar, Antoine Bauvais, Magistra. Vu Les deposition des opinions de jure^s qui ont termini L'affaire entre M. Tomas Green deTendeur et Daniel Duff plentif. Lesquelle sont reconnu que M. green et Comptable, pour les dommages de M. Daniel Miche Duff la somme de vingt piastre, avec les frais qui enver re- sulte de la dite affaire au Kaskaskias, le quinze Janvier, mil sept cent quatre-vingt huit, et suivant L'ordonnance: antoine Bauvais, p. nt. La Cour est renvoy£ au quinz de fevrie mil sept cent quatre-vingt huit. FR. CORSET, Vitale Bauvais. L. Brazaux. antoine Bauvais. La Cour est ouverte le quinzieme fevrie 1788. A neuf heure Du matin, Messire antoine Beauvais president; et St. gene Bauvais et Vital Beauvais, Louis Brazaux, et francois Corsette, tous magistrat, antoine Bauvais. . Vitale Bauvais. L. Brazaux. St. G. Bauvais. fr. corset. * Fort Jefferson was established in 1780 by Virginia, upon the recommen- dation of Clark and Todd, at the Iron Banks on the east bank of the Missis- sippi, just below the junction of the Ohio. It was evacuated June 8, 1781. 1 84 - EARLY ILLINOIS. La Cour est renvoye jusqu'a qu'il soite fait une assem- bled par Le public; Au Kaskias, le I5 e fevrie et que La Cour soit Complette de son magistrat, et qu'il soit con^ voque par M. Barbau, Lt. de Courte, de jour et ans, ANTOINE BAUVAIS, m. L. BRAZAUX. FR. CORSET. VlTALE BEAUVAIS. Dr. Peltry Account, [pages 37, 38] • To Government for my Drafts in favor of Monsieur Beaurgarde for 30000 Dollars value thereof received as pr his Acct. dated St. Louis, 14th Sept. 1779, Vizt = Peltrys gr. to the amount of £21000 Paper Currency Dlls. 10000 Per Contra. Cr. By m/a for Sundries 4 charges ^349 10 — ' By Colo. John Montgomery paid as p his order 297 10 — By the Garrison at Kaskaskias furnished for them p Order Colonel Montgomery, Viz': 2'Hhds Taffia ©340^ £680 150 lb Sugar @ 35s 262 10 75 lb Coffee 35s 1315 7 Bear Skins $£ 18 Charges Vizt: 2 Bags £7 Cart hire 2 Taffia & Bread to the Soldiers 6 15 no6 15 By the Garrison at Cahokias purchased for and de- livered Capt. McCarty as receipt, Vizt : JOHN TODD'S RECORD-BOOK. 1 8$ 1 Hhd Taffia £340 100 lb Gunpowder @ 6£ 600 300 lb Lead .@ 10s 154 75 lb Sugar 35 131 5 30 lb Coffee .35 52 10 Charges Vizt : 2 Bags £7 Cart hire 2 9 1286 15 — By assumd to Capt. Janis 200 lb for Moses Henry. Oct. 24th By Francois Charleville 400 lb Pr Col. Montg. Ord — 25 By Baptiste Charleville 150 P" - Col. Montg. CharlesXharleville 1290 P r Col. Montg. a/c 3040 10 — [Entries by Col. Todd's Successor, page 39:] February 1782. Arrived a Small Tribe of the Wabash Indians Implor- ing the paternal Succour of their Father the Bostonians heaving their Patent from Major Linctot, in Consequence I did on Behalf of the Commonwealth give them Six Bushells Indian Corn, Fifty pounds of Bread, four Pounds of Gun Powder^ Ten Pounds of Ball, and One Gallon of Taffia from Carbonneaux. March 22d. Came here Deputy's from the Delawares, Shawanoe, and Cherokee nations of Indians, Begging that the americans wold Grant them Pease as" likewise the French and Sp.anish and after hearing their Talk, Smoakihg the pipe of peace and friendship with them, and from their Conduct while here as well as many marks they gave us Of their Sincerety I could not avoid Giving them On Behalf of the Americans the Following articles, Viz,, 10 Bushells Indian Corn, 1 86 EARLY ILLINOIS. 100 lb. Flour, and ioo lb. Bisquit, 6 lb. Tobaco, one Gallon Tafia, 5 lb. wampam arid canoe — which cost me 20 Dollars. [In pencil] "The above [was written] by Thimotl Demunbrunt Lt, Comd. par interim, &c." [Written on the inside of back cover of book:] Memo. 1779- 14 June, M. Kemp, D. to 1^ yds. Blue Cloth for a Caj for Isaac. Mrs. to 2 lbs. Cotton from Mad. Ben ley's Store, 14th June. M. Smith, Hugh, To a Bill for 12 Dollars in pe try, drawn upon Mr, Gratiot. Nota bene. f Nous > Thimothe J Demunbrunt, Lt. Comd' (. Par interim, &c, &c, &c. JOHN-TODD PAPERS. Col. John Todd, Jr., to Governor of Virginia.* From "Canadian Archives"— "Haldimand Papers "—Series B, Vol. 1 84-1, page 124. Kaskaskias, i 8th Au,gt., 1779. May it please your Excellency: — By Letters which I had the honour of writing to you by Col. Slaughter, dated early in July, I gave your Excellency a full account of the situations of this country, since which nothing important has happened here. Col. Clark, I suppose, is by this time at the Falls of Ohio, and as the Expedition aginst Detroit is declined he will probably wait upon you in person. Col. Rogers has arrived from Orleans & will be the Bearer hereof or send it by the earliest opportunity : I am uneasy in knowing that the accounts he will render concerning the quantity as well as the bad condition of the goods cannot be satisfactory. Who is to blame in it ? The Batteau Masters who brought it up ? The person in whose care it was left at St. Louis or the conductor of our stores or all of them, I cannot determine. The taking & disposing of them was (perhaps necessarily) planned, & in part exe- cuted, before my arrival. The conductor's powers & in- structions were in no part derived from me, nor was he answerable to me for any malfeasance in office. Col. Clark will, I doubt not, satisfy you in this matter. I wish the opprotunity by Col. Rogers were 'safer: I * The original of this letter is among the " Haldimand Papers, " and was intercepted on its way from Kaskaskia to Williamsburg by some one in the service of Great Britain, and carried to Canada. — E. G. M. 13-33-3 187 1 88 EARLY ILLINOIS. have 15 or 20 thousand dollars to send down on public account. I have required that all the money of the called in emissions be sealed up, & stopped from circulating, of which I expect we have in the Country 20 or 30 thousand dollars more. I have recommended that the People wait some future opportunity more safe for sending it down. The Resolve of Congress bears hard upon Illinois, where the risque is so great. If Congress have not yet made provision for the reception of the Money, I hope your Excellency will apply to Congress. I shall be cautious that none of the called-in Emissions be brought into this Country or certified which may come from any part of the States where the owners had an opportunity of exchang- ing it. The visiting the different Districts of my charge has so engaged me that I have not had time to prepare answers to the Queries delivered me by some Gentlen. of your Honble. Board. As to. Indian Grants it may be necessary immediately to inform you, that they are almost number- less, only four of them are very considerable, the smallest of which will be near a 1,000,000 acres, and the whole between 7 & 8 millions of acres. The grantees all reside in Philadelphia, London, Pennsylvania, & Virginia, & are between 40 & 50, merchants chiefly. How far it may be proper to make such contracts binding upon the Indians, I cannot say. I submit it to your Excellency whether it is not necessary to prevent Indian Grants by other methods than making void the purchase. I mean by fines, and at the same time to prevent under-fines, &c. the making any settlements within the charter Bounds of this State, except under certain Permissions & Regulations: This I appre- hend to be necessary immediately, as some Land jobbers from the South side of Ohio have been making improve- ments (as they call them) upon the purchas'd Lands on this side the River, and are beyond the reach of punish- JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 1 89 merit from me — with the arrival of New adventurers this summer, the same spirit of Land jobbing begins to breathe here. I expected to have been prepared to present to your Excellency some amendments upon the form of Govern- ment for Illinois, but the present will be attended with no great inconveniences till the Spring Session, when I beg your permission to attend and get a Discharge from an Office, which an unwholesome air, a distance from my con- nexions, a Language not familiar to me, and an impossi- bility of procuring many of the conveniences of Life suit- able; all tend to render uncomfortable. As to military affairs, Col: Clark will offer your Excel- lency observations on that Head, which I wish to defer, being more his province. Perhaps an additional Agent for supplying the Indians with goods may be necessary. Mr. Lindsay's Commission was for no more than 10,000 Dollars, which he will soon dispose of to the Indians & our soldiers, who, I suppose will expect their Clothing from him. I have given a Letter of Recommendation as an Agent to a Gentleman lately from New Orleans, who set off with Col. Rogers^Mons. Perrault. If an expedition should be ordered against the Natchez,, there cannot be any great dependence placed on the Illi- nois furnishing more than 100,000 lbs. of Flour, and sup- porting the Troops now here, and scarcely any Beef. I have not heard from Williamsburg since. January. I am, with greatest respect, &c, John Todd, Jr. His Excellency the Governor of Virginia. [Endorsed:] Copy of a letter from Jno. Todd, Jr., to the Governor of Virginia, dated Kaskaskias, 18th Augt., 1779. 190 EARLY ILLINOIS. John Page Lieut: Govr, to John Todd, Co Lieut: &c Illinois Co. From " Calendar of Virginia State Papers, " Vol. I, 326. Williamsburg, August 16, 1779. Sir:— Your several Letters of the 1st & 2nd ultimo, b] Col: Slaughter, this day were handed to me in the Gover nors absence — I laid them before the Board, who wen pleased with their contents & exprefsed their approbatioi of your Conduct & of your plan for supporting the Credi of the paper money, but this must be submitted to th consideration of the Afsembly, who alone can determim on, or give Efficacy to that measure. * * * It is to be wished that more Troops had been sent inti the Illinois at first, however so much has been done b; the few there, as to redound greatly to their Credit & tha of their gallant Commander — We hope that the favourabL Disposition of the Canadians, & our late succefses to th Northward & Southward will pave the way for Cole Clarke to Detroit & make the acquisition of it easy — am that the Battalion which we are now raising to be marchei into your Country will enable him to surmount any ob stacle which way be thrown into his way. The Board approve of your erecting the small Fort yo propose & giving the Command to Col: Slaughter — Beinj Jn haste I can only add that I am, yr: mo: obt humble Servann' Col. John Todd, Jr., to Col. P. Legras. From the original in the State, Capitol at Richmond, Va. Kaskaskia, 23d Augst, 1779. Sir:— You'ill please to require immediately that bot the called in Emmissions of Continental Money to b sealed up & stopped from Circulating,* & give the perso JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 19I owing them a certificate, no matter whether in French or English. The Certificate will be necessary for this reason, because after the first June it was lost to the owner by- order of Congress, if it was not paid into some Continental office. The Congress, I expect, have made provision for Ilinois on account of the Impossibility of transmitting it down by the 1st of June. It is therefore necessary that Ilinois money be prevented from mixing with any other, less the whole be rejected on that account. I inclose you a copy of the certificates granted by me, with the adver- tisement. It would be best to affix a day after which you will seal and certify no more. Let the whole be done with one seal, the better to prevent confusion. I cannot have the pleasure to see St. Vincenne by the time proposed. Col. Clark's Departure will occasion me to stay longer than I intended. Write me the news by every opportunity, and in cases of Importance send me an Express. I am, sir, your mo. obed. & humble servant, Jno. Todd, Jr. Col. P. LEGRAS, or officer commanding the Villlage of St. Vincenne (per favor of Capt. Gamelin). I have prohibited, by proclamation the exportation of provision from this country for a certain time, which you- will endeavour to put in execution with you. J. Todd, Jr. Col. John Todd, Jr., to Oliver Pollock. From the original in the State Capitol at Richmond, Va. Sir: — Accompanying this are letters to Gov. Galvez and yourself from the Virginia Board of Trade, to be sent by the way of Kaskaskias. A late packet from Govt, to my- self have been miscarried, or I could inform you with more certainty whether Some Bank is not established in Europe 192 EARLY ILLINOIS. to give credit to your Draughts made on behalf of th State. There is, or will be certainly, perhaps in Bordeau I wish, as I before informed you, for a list of all the Bil drawn upon you, with notes of those ans'd and proteste I could wish you had been better informed of the authoril and Rank of some of the United States officers, as well i our own. I fear numbers unauthorized have drawn f private purposes. Colo. Clark's & Roger's Bills were draw from the necessity of their situation, and will undoubted; be approved. Any other Bills are voidable, tho' perhaj not yet void. The purpose for which they were draw may assist you in judging therein. But observe no pe sons whatever in the Western Department either is or evi has been authorised by the Govt, of Virginia to draw upc any person but the Govr. or Treasurer. The State will shortly need another supply of goods f< the Troops in this quarter. The private authority give Mr. Lindsay last year, with the letter to yourself and m wants, are neither out of date, and you will still oblige n by observing their contents. I hope shortly to hear th; the Missisipi harbours no nations the Enemy to the con merce & Rights of America. Whether Britain be humble by the arms of a powerful monarch or our Infant State my Joy will be equal. Govr. Galvez' literary and militai Character are" much talk'd of in Virginia, amongst whoi he is held in highest Estimation. I beg you would presei him with profer of my services and thanks -for the assis ance he has render'd to a people who do not fail to repa him in Gratitude. (A copy.) John M'Dowell, Sec' Mr. Pollock, Feb. 9th, 1780. [Endorsed:] The above letter was found among Cc Todd's papers, without signature, but endorsed to Oliv Pollock, Esq., and appears to be Col. Todd's handwriting J.D. JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 193 Oliver Pollock to John Todd, County Lieut: of Illinois, acknowledging receipt of his, without date, by the hands of Mons: Perrault — From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. I, 347. New Orleans, May '4, 1780. By this he had received a bill on France for £65.814^3 for his advances made to Virginia, but is unable to nego- tiate it at that place, on account of the great scarcity of specie, which would continue until a supply be gotten from Havana. This gives him great concern, because it pre- vents his using the bills of Gen : Clarke and other officers, and therefore from procuring the supplies of Clothing so much needed by them. Gov: Galvez had captured Mobile, and is besiging Pen- sacola, — had been created a Field Marshall — fhould he be successful at Pensacola, and return to New Orleans, he should exert him to make use of him — . By Post Script of the 26th he regrets to say — Gov: Galvez has returned to New Orleans: not hav'g been sup- ported in time by the expected fleet from Havana, had abondoned the Seige of Pensacola— He has made applica- tion to Galvez for pecuniary affistance but without success, as that officer required all his funds for his own purposes —had managed however, to negotiate Clarkes & Mont- gomerys' bills, and earnestly begs, that those officers will be as frugal as poffible with the purchases made. Col. John Todd, Jnr., to Gov. Jefferson. From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. I, page 358. 1780, June 2, Richmond. May it please your Excellency: — On consulting with Col. Clark, we found it impracticable to maintain so many posts 194 EARLY ILLINOIS. in the Illinois with so few men, & concluded it better to draw them all to one post. The Land at the Junction of the Ohio & Mississippi was judged best suited for the purpose as it would command the Trade of an extensive Country on both sides of each River, & might serve as a check to any Incroachments from our present Allies, the Spaniards, whose growing power might justly put us upon our guard & whose fondness for engrossing Territory might otherwise urge them higher up the River upon our side than we would wish. The Expenses in erecting this new post & victualing the men would have been obstacles in- surmountable without a settlement contiguous to the Gar- rison to support it, where adventurers would assist the Soldiers in the heavy work of Building their fortifications. I therefore granted to a certain number of families four hundred acres to each Family, at a price to be settled by the General Assembly, with Commissions for Civil & Mili- tary Officers & the necessary Instructions. Copies of the principal of which I herewith send you, The other being agreable to the printed forms heretofore delivered me by the Governor & Council. Lest the withdrawing our Troops from St. Vincenne might raise suspicions among the Citizens, to our dis- advantage, I have sent to Major Bosseron, the then Dis- trict Commandant, blank Commissions, with powers to raise one Company & put them in possession of the Gar- rison, with assurance that pay and rations sh'd be allowed them by the Governmnt. When Col. Clark left the Falls, his Officers & Men to the amount of perhaps 120 were all well cloathed except in the article of Linens. Mr. Isaac Bowman, with 7 or 8 men & one family, set off from Kaskaskia the 15th nov: last in a Batteau, at- tended by another Batteau with 12 men & 3 or 4 families in it, bound to the falls of Ohio. I judged it safer to send JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 1 95 to the Falls many articles belonging to the Common- wealth, by Bowman, than to bring them myself by land. Bowman's Batteau fell into the hands of the Chicksaw Indians, & the other arrived in March or April at the French Lick on Cumberland, with the account that Bow- man and all the men except one Riddle were killed and taken. I inclose your Excellency a .List of such articles as belonged to the State, as well as I can make out from my detached memorandums. My Books and many necessary papers being also lost. Many necessary Articles of Intelligence yet remain un- mentioned. I will enjoy no Leisure until I shall have fully acquainted your Excellency with the Situation of the Illinois. I have the Honor to be, with the greatest respect, Yr. Excellency's most obt. & humble servant. GenI: Geo: Rogers Clark to Colo John Todd. From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. I, 358. Louisville, March, 1780. Dr Colo: — By the Acts from Every Post in the Illinois so nearly corresponding, I make no doubt of the English Regaining the Interest of many Tribes of Indians, and their designs agst the Illinois (Perhaps on Gov: Hamiltons" plan), and without some speedy check may prove fatal to Kentucky and the Total lofs of the Westrn Country on the Mifsifsippi. I am not clear but the Spaniards would fondly suffer their Settlements in the Illinois to fall with ours for the Sake of having the opertunity of Retaking Both. I doubt they are too fond (of) Territory to think of Restoring it again. Although there is but few British Troops on the Lakes, defitiency is full Replaced by the 196 EARLY ILLINOIS. Immence quantity of goods they have, the Effects which among the Savages you well know, not being apr hensive of a visit, I make no doubt of their having plane some Expedition of Importance against our Posts, whi< if they gain, may be attended with greater consequenc than I have Hinted at, they have greater opertunities knowing our cituation, than we have of theirs, which yc know they could not deprive us of. you well know tl difficulties we have laboured under with out Joint Effer to maintain our Ground, and support our Interest amor the Savages in that Dept. and the Reasons why, which now greater than Ever, as the bad Crops and the severil of the Winter hath Rendered it Impofsible for' the Towi in the Illinois to make any further supplies until next Ha vest, the Troops being Intituled to a Discharge in a fe weeks, Except those that have Reinlisted when Joined b Capt: Rogers, when armed will not amount to more the one hundred and fifty, which is too few under our presei •circumstances to think of Deffending the diferent post w now occupy. Letters from his Excellency, and a promif ing act from our Recruiting Officers may perhaps soc alter our apparent Circumstances, but as yet Receivin no advice from Either, already meeting with many disa] pointments in my Expectations much to the disadvantag of the Dept, a few weaks Hesitation may be productive < long future disadvantage. I think it best to act as thoug we had no Expectation of being afsisted Either with me or provitions. Your Councell not only necefsary, bi which you know I prize, is what I want If we ware ^Tolerably formadable at any one post th; we could subsist at, it might have a great and good Effec As I Hinted, to lay afside all Expection of a Reinforo ment, I see but the one probable method of maintan our Authority in the Illinois, which is this, by Amediate! Evacuating our present posts, and let our whole fon JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 1 97 Center at or near the Mouth of Ohio, which will be too Contemnable to answer the good effect proposed, without we fall upon some method to draw of a Considerable Reinforcement from Kentuck of Militia. Families would be of the greatest service, as they are always followed by two or three times their numbers of young men. they would with their store of provitions be able to Victual great part of our Troops in proportion to their number, which if only one Hundred, by the Ensuing fall would be able to Victual a Ridgment, besides Establishing a post that his Excellency is very Anctious for (the Reason I imagine we are boat Acqd with) and the Interests of all the Western Countrey call for. One Hundrd Families, their followers, the Troops we have already Ingaged, those whose time of service is or shortly will Expire, that would Remain at the place, when Join'd, would be considerable, the Report of which by the time it Reach our Enemies would be augmented perhaps to Trible our numbers, as such Intelligence is always agravated by the Indians, and I don't doubt but that it wonld put a stop for some time to their proceedings, as I know it would greatly Confuse the Indians they are like to win from us, as our temporary force, with the French Militia, probably counting the Spaniards, would be too Considerable for them to temper with, our only chance at present to save that Countrey is by Incouraging the Families, but I am sensible nothing but land will do it. I should be exceed- ing Cautious in doing any thing that would displease government, but their present Interest, in many Respects obvious to us boath, call so loud for it, that I think Sir, that you might even Venture to give a Deed for Forty or Fifty Thousand Acres of Land at said place, at the price that government may demand for it. it Interfears with no Claim of our friendly Indians, the greatest Barrtour to the Inhabitants of the Illinois against the Southern Ind- 198 EARLY ILLINOIS. ians, Security of the Genl: Commerce and perhaps t saving of the Countrey to the State, and probably in few months enable us to act again on the offensive. I should be against suffering Families to settle promis in any part of the Illinois at present, but the Establis ment of the said post is so necefsary, and as it Canr be Compleeat without the Families, I think it your Du to give the aforesaid Incouragement and such Instructic as would confine the people for some time io a Fort, t fore you could consnlt Government it might be too la Sustenance for some time will be procured with difncull but I cannot think of the consequences of losing po effion of the Countrey without a more determined Res lution to Risque every point Rather than suffer it (f they the English, cannot execute any matter of very gre importance among the Savages without it. I know yo concern to be Eaqual to mine, if you Concur with r in sentiment, let me know Amediately, or such Amen ment as you might think more advantageous. I am Sir, with Real Esteem, Your very Humble Ser Lieut. Col. J. M. P. LeGras to Govenor of Virginii Translation from the original in the State Capitol at Richmond, Va. Williamsburg, May 22nd, 1780. Sir: — The integrity with which your honorable assei bly dispenses justice to the faithful subjects of the Stat emboldens me to represent to you the wrong impressi you will receive from the papers with which Mr. Sim Nathan is charged in case your goodness orders payme The inhabitants of StVincennes & the country of t Illinois ignorant of the act of Congress have sold thi harvests to the army of Col. Roger Clark and have 1 JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 1 99 ceived in payment piastres of the Continent, upon the footing and for the value of the Spanish piastres. Persons in authority (by your brders) have circulated them as such and have assured us authentically that there would be nothing lost. They have even passed counterfeits. In the position of magistrate of this district, my duty and benevolence prompt me to beg you to take pity upon a people who by this loss find themselves reduced to the most urgent necessities. In addition .to this there has been published at St. Vincennes an order by command of Col, Jean Todd to oblige the residents to receive this money as Spanish piastres and many have been impris- oned for having refused. Some time later the before mentioned Col. John Todd required me, as it appears from his letter, to stop the circulation in view of the quantity of counterfeit orders that many are circulating which I have done, to avoid confusion without lessening (or preventing) the value of the good. Earnestly hoping that the States will pay this money according to the denomination. I have the honor of being very respect- fully, Sir, Your very humble and very obedient servant, J. M. P. Legras, Lt. Col. Thos: Jefferson to the Hon: the Speaker of the House of Delegates— From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. I, 360. In Council, June 14th, 1780. Sir: — In a Letter, which I had the Honor of addrefs- ing you on the meeting of the present General Afsembly, I informed you of the necefsities which had led the Executive to withdraw our Western troops to the Ohio — Since the date of this letter, I have received, the inclosed of the Second instant from Coll: Todd, communicating the measures he had adopted in conjunction with Colo: 200 EARLY ILLINOIS. Clarke to procure such a Settlement contiguous to the Post which shall be taken as may not only strengthen the garrison occasionally, but be able to raise provisions for them, as the confirmation of these measures is beyond the powers of the Executive, it is my duty to refer them to the General Afsembly. it may be proper to observe that the grant of Lands to Colo. Todd was made on a supposition that the post would be taken on the North side of the Ohio, whereas I think it more probable it will be on the north side in the Lands lying between the Tanessee, Ohio, Mifisiffippi and Carolina boundary. These lands belong to the Chickasaw Indians, who from intelli- gence which we think maybe relied on, have entered into a war with us. The expenditures of the Illinois have been deemed from some exprefsions in the act establishing that county not subject to the examination of the board of Auditors as the Auditing these accounts is very foreign to the ordinary office of the Council of State, would employ much of that time and -attention which at present is called to objects of more general importance, and as their powers would not enable them to take into consid- eration the justice and expediency of indemnifying CoL Todd for his lofses and services, as desired in the enclosed Letter fronx Him, of the thirteenth instant, they beg leave to submit the whole to the consideration of the General Assembly — I have the honor to be with great respect & esteem, Sir, Your most obedient, & most hum- ble servant. John Todd, Indian Agent, to Gov. Jefferson : From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. I, page 367. - August ist, 1780, Fort Jefferson. Sir:— I think it my indispensable duty to lay before you a true state of our situation in this Country siace my JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 201 arrival, which probably may throw some lights on the various reports which may reach you through channels, not so well acquainted with its real wants as I am. On my arrival at the Falls of the Ohio, Col. John Todd gave me instructions to proceed to Kaskaskies, in order to take charge of the goods when arrived, which were pur- chased by M. Lindsay for this department, with farther orders to divide them into two parcels, one of which for the troops, and the other to be disposed of to our friendly indian allies: considering it better to sellthem on reason- able [terms] than dispose of them in gifts; Horses and ammunition being articles much wanted for the Troops, I contracted for and received a quantity of lead and some horses before the arrival of the' goods, and having discre- tionary powers, was constrained to accept of orders drawn on me for provisions which could not otherwise be obtained. Since the goods came into my hands, the troops and In- habitants at this place not having received the expected supplies from Government, and being well assured that without some timely relief the post and settlement must be evacuated, I was also constrained at divers times to> issue quantities of the goods intended to be disposed of to our Indian Allies, in order to furnish them with the means of subsistence. The few troops that are now here are too inconsiderable to guard themselves: nor are the inhabitants much better, notwithstanding they remain in great spirits in expectation of relief from government, and have with great bravery defeated a very large party of Savages who made a regular attack on the village, at daybreak on the morning of the 17th ult. Col. Clark has divided his few men in the best manner possible so as to preserve the Country, the apprehension of a large body of the enemy in motion from detroit tow- ards the falls of Ohio, has called him there with what men 202 EARLY ILLINOIS'. he could well spare from this Country, before he had well breathed after the fatigues of an expedition up the Missis- sippi — and Col. Crockett hot arriving with either men or. provisions, as was expected, has really involved both the troops and settlers in much distress, and greatly damped the spirits of industry in the latter, which till lately was so conspicuous. I see no other alternative, from the pres- ent appearance of our affairs, but that the few goods I have left, after supplying the troops,, must all go for the purchase of provisions to keep this settlement from break- ing up: and how I shall ever support my credit, or acquit myself of the obligations I have bound myself under, to those of whom I have made purchases for the troops be- fore the arrival of the Goods, I know not. Our Credit is become so weak among the French inhabitants, our own, and the Spaniards upon the opposite side of the Missis- sippi, that one dollar's worth of provision or other supplies cannot be had from them without prompt payment, were it to save the whole Country; by which you will perceive that without a constant and full supply of goods in this quarter to answer the exigencies of Government, nothing can ever be well affected but in a very contracted manner. I observe that the distance the settlers, who come in general to this Country, have to travel, impoverishes them in a great degree. They come at the expense of their all, in full hopes and expectations of being assisted by Govern- ment. Were these hopes cherished and supplies of neces- saries of all kinds furnished them in the manner of the neighboring Spaniards, to be paid in produce, such as might answer for the troops or for exportation, many good consequences would be attendant, emigrants, on such encouragement, would flock to us, in numbers, instead of submitting to the Spanish Yoke; the principal part of their new settlements would join us; all those from the Natchez in particular only wait the encouraging invitation to re- JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 203 move themselves and their .property to our settlement, preferring the mildness of our laws to the rigours of the .Spanish, which they detest, notwithstanding their great offers. Such encouragement would be a spur to industry which would never die. The troops would, in a little time, be solely furnished in provisions by our settlers, and in process of time, a valuable trade might be opened with the overplus. These hints I beg leave to offer to your own better judgement, conscious that if they are worthy of notice you will direct their proper uses. I have got a party of the friendly savages of the Kas- kaskie tribe to hunt and scout for us; they are of singular service, as the provisions in store are totally exhausted, and indeed their hunting, tho' it may afford an useful, yet it is a very prqcarious supply. As to the general dispositioh of these indians in alliance with us, it appears at present to be very peaceable; but as poverty is always subject to temptation, I fear their good intentions may be seduced by those who have it more in their power to supply their wants, being well convinced of the necessity of having proper supplies for them, which will not only keep them in our interest,- but even afford us a very beneficial traffic. The bearer of this travels to the Falls of Ohio, thro' the wood. I am uncertain what the fate of my letter will be, as I know he has a dangerous and tedious journey before him; however, by the next opportunity I shall do myself the honor of writing to your Excellency a few more of my observations, begging leave once more to remark the neces- sity of keeping at all times full supplies of goods in this remote quarter, in order to forward the service of Govern- ment, encourage the settlement of the frontiers, supply our troops with necessaries,. provisions, &c, and finally Open a very profitable and extensive trade in little time. 14-33-4 204 EARLY ILLINOIS. Forgive the freedom of my remarks, which you will please to do me the honor to correct. I have the honor to be your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, &c, &c. Col. John Todd, Jnr., to Gov. Jefferson: From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. I, page 393, Nov. 30th, 1 780,, Lexington, Ky.. May it please your Excellency: — We have been for some time past & are still dreading an Invasion from the neigh- boring Northern Indians. Intelligence by the way of St. Vincent informs us that late in Oct. a great number of Indians & English were at the late-destroyed Shawnese Towns waiting at the rise of the water to make a Descent either against the Falls or trfis place. I have ordered upon Duty part of the militia of this County (Fayette) at three of the most exposed forts, and are purchasing up a quan- tity of Corn. The people seem fond at present to sell to the Country, & Corn will be almost the only article which Government may expect from this Quarter. I expect to procure between one & two Thousand Bushels by giving Certificates to be settled by the Auditors, or agreed upon by the Commissary, for 40 or 50 £ pr. Barrell, or 2/6 hard money. I hope I have not acted amiss in this Respect,, altho' I have no Instructions. As the Assembly at last session recommended the plan, laid by the several County Lieutenants & there is a Certainty of a vigorous attack next Spring, I conclude that a delay for Orders is unnec- essary. The Indians are annoying us every -Week in small parties. Two small detachments of militia are now in pursuit of some who stole Horses two nights ago from, McConnells' Station. A Cargoe of Goods, I have heard is arrived at Fort JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 205 Jefferson, for the use of the State, said to be consigned by Mr. Pollock to myself as Co Lieutenant of Illinois. I propose writing to Capt. Dodge to store them up until further orders from [your] Excellency as soon as I shall have an opportunity & the Report shall be authenticated. I hope to be excused in expressing my Desires that Your Excellency may have in contemplation an Early Expedition next Spring against our Savage neighbors. I will venture to assure you, that any Orders which may tend to that purpose will be executed with the greatest alacrity by Officers & Men. Capt: Quirk, I hear is on the the way with 30 or 40 men & I can hear nothing from Col: Crockett. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect Your Excellencys' most obedt & humble Servant, &c, &c- Col. John Todd, Jr. to Gov. Jefferson: From " Calendar of Virginia State Papers, " Vol. I, page 460. January 24th, 1781, LEXINGTON, Ky. May it please your Excellency: — I reed, the enclosed letters a few days ago; as they contain some matters of Consequence, I transmit them just as I receive them.. They are written with a freedom which spare no charac- ter, & may with additional Letters which I expect you have ree'd, threw light upon our situation in Illinois, Winston is Commandt, at Kaskaskia. McCarty a Captain in the Illinois Regt, who has long since rendered himself disagreeable by endeavoring to enforce Military Law upon the Civil Department at Kohos. The peltry mentioned by Winston as purloined or embezzled by Montgomery, was committed to their joint care by me in Nov: 1779, & from the Circumstance of Col: Montgomery's taking up with an infamous Girl, leaving his wife & flying down 206 EARLY ILLINOIS. the River, I am inclined to believe the worst that can be said of him, being so far out of the Road of Business I cannot do the State that Justice I wish by sending down his case immediately to the Spanish Commandants in the Mississippi. A late Letter informed your Excellency of my Design of laying some Beef & Corn in store for the Expedition planned last year. I expect to get 30 or 40 thousand Weight of Beef & two or three thousand Bushels of Corn on Better Terms then will be got anywhere in this Country. A Prisoner, Martin Wistill taken spring was a year, at Wheeling by the Shawanese, tow weeks ago left his party being 7 Shawanese, about half a mile from Bryants Fort as they were stealing Horses. He says the Shawanese have built 4 Block Houses at Logan's Town 12 miles beyond the Pickaway: that they are much distressed for want of provisions and are keen for making an attack next Spring, upon the Kentucky settlements — that Black- ish & Logan are dead, &c. I am uneasy lest Crockett should not arrive timeously at Licking, & many of our settlers seem desirous to fly immiediately to the South side of Kentucky lest he should not. * * * 1 have the Honor to be with Greatest Respect Your Excellency's Most Obedient & humb servt. Rich'd McCarty "To John Todd, Esq." From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. I, page 379. Enclosure in John Todd's letter, Jan. 24, 1781, to Gov. Jefferson. October 14th, 1780, Cascaskia. Sir: — When shall I begin to appolagize for the Differ- ent light and Oppinion, I saw and had of You when hear last Year, and now, the Spirit of a free subject that you inculcated thro' your better knowledge of things was hid JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 20y to me. In short, Honour requires of me to render You the Justice you desarve, and at the same time to inform you the reason of my altering my notions of things. I then thought the Troops hear would be duly supported by the State, and the Legal expense for them paid to the people Justly. I had thought the Duty of an Officer who had any Command was to see Justice done his Soldiers, and that they had their Rights without wronging his Country. I then thought it was also his Duty to foresee and use all manner of economie in Laying up Provisions for these Soldiers, to carry on any Opperation that his supperiours should judge expedient to order him on, without any regard to private interests whatever, but for the Good of the State he served. I then never Immagined that an Agent would be sent hear to Trade in connection with a Private Person to Purchase the Certificates from the people at such rates which must appear scandulous & Dishonorable to the State. To the contrary of all which I am now convinced by occular Demonstration: in short we are become the Hated Beasts of a whole people by Pressing horses, Boats &c &c, Killing cattle, &c &c, for which no valuable consideration is given: even many riot a certificate, which is hear looked on as next to nothing. I have sent Col: Clarke, in an Extract from my Journal, the proceedings as far as I know, of one Col: De la Balme,* and his raising a Party to go against Detriot, Not being a Commander I cannot say whether he has proper authority so to do or not. * Augustin Moltin de la Balme, a French cavalry officer of the rank of lieutenant-colonel, offered his services to the colonies at the outbreak of the Revolution, and came to this country in 1776, bearing the highest testimonials and recommendations from Silas Deane and Benjamin Franklin, at Paris. He was appointed inspector-general of cavalry in the Continental army with the rank of colonel. In 1780, he came to the West to lead an expedition against Detroit, it being thought that his influence with the French in the 208 EARLY ILLINOIS. The people have sent by him memorials to Congress or the French envoy at Philadelphia setting forth all the evils we have done. I think Government should be in- formed of this, as the people are now entirely allinated Agst us: he has told Indians, french Troops will be hear in the Spring. I have no right to find fault, or Blame my Supperiours, yet I have a right to see plain, and wish for the Credit of the State, that Government had eyes to see hear as Plaine as I do. I am Sir, with Esteem & consideration Your most obt & hble servt &c &c. Rich'd Winston to Col. John Todd: From " Calendar of Virginia State Papers, " Vol. I, page 380. Kaskaskias, October 24th, 1780. Dear Sir: — Yours by Mr. Lindsay was the last I had the Honour of receiving, since which no favourable oper- tunity has offered wherewith you could Expect to hear from me, untill Mr. William Gelaspies' departure, by whom I wrote you as fully as I could concerning this Country, and in Particular all that regarded your Department: all which I must think you have foreseen before. you went off, the disagreeableness of which every thinking man would avoid, and of which I now send you a Duplicate, Together with some additions since that time. That State of Illinois is far from being in so easy a Way as might have been expected from the declarations of the Illinois would enable him to readily enlist a sufficient force. He obtained ' recruits at Cahokia, Kaskaskia, and Vincennes, to the number of one hun- dred or more, and had also a band of Indian warriors. With these he attacked and destroyed the post of Kekionga, on the Maumee River; but while encamped on the river Aboite, his party was surprised at night by the Miamis and utterly routed. La Balme was slain, and his papers, which were quite voluminous,- were carried by the Indians to the British commander at Detroit, and are now among the Haldimand papers in the British Museum. E. G. M. JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 20 Genl: Assembly, or had their Officers a Little occonomy — Concerning which the majistrates did remonstrate, which Remonstrance was Treated as Insolence and Imperti- nence, for having dared to remonstrate against their ruinous proceedings I wish all may be looked into: in the hopes of which, all is on Record. As to the Peltries which you left with Colonel Mont- gomery and me, they were taken out of my hands, and I am left Behind hand for fifteen Packs — how I will or may be Indemnified I know not — Colonel Montgomery says that his estate is Sufficient to pay a great deal more I ■wish it may be so) I was by force obliged to give up, as I -could not content with Bayonetts for a thing that is not my own. I refer you to Mr. Lindsay, concerning the Goods pur- chased by him at New Orleans, they are now in the Pessession of him and the Illustrious Captain Dodge. I wish Government may gett a satisfactory acct. of them, yet I doubt it — this part of the world is too far from Government to call people to acct before it is too late- there is great Strides Taken for to make money at any rate — as to our Civil Department 'tis but in an Indiferent way ever since the Military has refused their prison, for which we offered to pay very handsomely and since which They Stretch greatly to bring the Country under the Military rod and throw of the Civil Authority. So fond they are to be medling with what is not within their Power. There is strange things carried on in this place — Colonel Montgomery is gone from here, with Brooks and Familt (thank God) — Capt: Brashears if Married to Brookes' Daughter, consequently has quit the service and gone with the rest: Col: Montgomery, on the day before his Depart- ure did Endeavor to settle the Peltrie fund with — In which he failed, and Besides the Drafts by him drawn on me, and by me Accepted to the amount of Fifteen packs, 2IO EARLY ILLINOIS. he has fallen short Eleven Packs, and what the rest has been Expended in, is to be looked into by Higher Powers —there is no accts — receipts only for so many Packs, without saying for why or for "what— Such is the proceed- ings of Col: Montgomery, who left this 19th inst. and Carried with him Large Quantities of Provisions, Boats deeply loaden, besides Five Black Slaves, for all which the Publick fund has suffered. Since the arrival of this Captain Bentley, there has been nothing Butt discord and disunion in the place — he has left no stone unturned to Extinguish the Laws of the State, and to revive the Heathen Law, being well accustomed to Bribes and Enter- tainments. Government ought to regulate the Trade as there are many abuses Committed under Military sanction — there Passed this way a Frenchman, called himself Colonell de la Balme,* he says, in the American Service — I look upon him to be a Mai Content, must disgusted at the Virginians, yet I must say he done some good— he- pacified the Indians, he was received by the Inhabitants Just as the Hebrews would receive the Masiah— was con- ducted from the Post here, by a large Detacht of the In- habitants as well as different Tribes of Indians — he went from here against Detroit Being well assured that the Indians were on his Side — Gott at this Plase and the Kahos about fifty Volunteers — and are to randezvous at Ouia. Capt: Duplasi from here, went along with him ta Lay before the French Embasador all the Greivance this. Country labours under by the Virginians, which is to be strongly backed by Monsieur de la Balme — tis the general. Opinion, that he will take Baubin the Great Partizan at Miamis, and from thence to Fort Pitt — this is all that I can say, only that he passed, about one Month here, with- out seeing Col: Montgomery, nor did Montgomery see him. * See note on page 337. JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 211 It Being so long a time Since we had any news from you, we Conclude therefrom that Government has given us up to do for Ourselves the Best we can, until such time as it pleases Some other State or Power to take us under their Protection — a few lines from you would give some of us great satisfaction, yett the Generality of the People are of Opinion that this Country will be given up to France — Be that as it will, a Line from you, will add much to the happiness of, Dear Sir, Your Most Humble and Obedt Servant &c &c. Col. John Todd, Jr., to Gov. Jefferson: From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. I, page 481. Lexington, Ky., February ist, 1781. May it please yoiir Excellency : — Accounts from all Quar- ters lead us to expect vigorous measures from our Enemies the next Campaign, I have just received Duplicates of Letters sent from our Officers of Illinois to others at Louisville, which informs that the Spanish & American Ilinois Settlements are preparing defensively for heavy attacks. The original Letters I hear are sent. On conferring with Col: Bowman's & Trigg, We con- cluded it expedient to send 150 men to Garrison the Mouth of Licking, until Crockett shall arrive, which we shall expect weekly. We apprehended the expence wd be less to government that to wait until the Enemy arrive at our settlements, &p »better Conduce to the security of the people. [Sends recommenditions for Certain Officers — asks for some Blank Commissions, and assures him no abuses shall follow. There are vacancies for other officers, whose rela- tive ranks are not yet settled.] 212 EARLY ILLINOIS. Col. Jbhn Todd, Jr., to Gov. Jefferson: From "Calender of Virginia State Papers," Vol. II, page 44. Lexington, Ky., April 15 th, 178 1. May it please your Excellency: — Your letter of 24 Dec: as also that of the 19th Jany: last inclosing sundry papers came safely to hand a few days ago. By the last Accounts I can procure from Jefferson and Lincoln, the Militia of the whole three Counties at present amount to about 1050 — Fayette 156 — Lincolon 606 — Jefferson 300 — I have just made a Draft of 78 from this county for Col: Clark, & if the other Counties draft proportionally your demand will be fully satisfied. I hear nothing as yet of Col: Clark, but I conceive I have just cause of expostulating with him on acunt of this County, its true state being probably unknown to your Exeellency when the Draft was required to be propor- tioned to the militia — Exposed at every Fort, & weak- ened by daily removals of its Strength to the South Side of Kentucky, we are scarcely able to keep our Forts. Should Colo: Clark take his Rout by the Shawnese Nation, all cause of complaint must cease, as the Enemy will thereby be drawn off from our Forts. Being unable just now to spare Labourers & Guards at 3. distance from our Forts, for making Canoes, I have sent Mr. Lindsay to Lincoln for Assistance, which I make no doubt of procuring. I fear I shall meet with some diffi- culties in conveying the Stores at Lexington & Bryants to the Canoes, for want of Horses, ours being nearly all taken by the Indians & Col : Bowman does not prove so friendly as I think he ought to be in giving me necessary Assistance. Our circumstances have received so material a change within twelve months that a draft of 18 Militia for the Continental Army w'd be singularly oppressive upon Fay- JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 21 3 -ette or Jefferson. Happy sh'd we be & readily would we spare them, if our situation were but as the Legislature expected. There is scare one fort in the county but once a month seems upon the eve of breaking for want of men to defend it. Such residents as had most property and Horses to remove their effects, have retreated to Lincoln. One half of the remainder are unable to Remove. We have no tax Commissioner in the County & almost noth- ing to tax. All which circumstances plead I hope in Excuse sufficiently for the militia at present. Whenever our circumstances will admit of it, the people will, I'm satisfied enlist voluntarily in the Continental Army, from a genius they possess for war, as well as the greatness of the Bounty. * * I inclose you a letter from Mr. Pollock — I still receive complaints from the Illinois, that department suffers I fear thro' the Avarice & Prodagality of our Officers : they all vent complaints against each other — I believe our French friends have the justest grounds of dissatisfaction. I have the Honor to be, with the greatest Respect Your 'Excellency's most obedient and very humble Servant. Col. John Todd, Jr., to the Governor of Virginia: From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. II, page 562. Lexington, Kv., October 21st, 1781. May it please your Excellency: — I expect you will, long before this reaches you, have an acct. of our proceedings in this Country, by Letters from Genl: Clarke sent by Major Crittenden. After so much assistance given to our Country by Government to enable us to act either offen- sively or defensively: after so much money expended up ■on the Western Frontiers, I feel desirous and anxious to remove any censures that our little Country may possible 214 EARLY ILLINOIS. labour under in the opinion of your Excellency & the world. I do not pretend to know, to whom the failure in the intended Expedition is owing, but the officers & men of these counties have persevered in rendering all possible assistance. By letters from your Excellency's predecessor we were led to expect an early expedition. 5°° men with canoes &c were required from these Counties to be at the Falls by March last. The men required were drafted & set apart for the Expedition & the canoes chiefly made, during the course of the spring & summer the Drafts nec- essarily decreased.- At a meeting of the Field Officers at Louisville summoned on Genl: Clarke's arrival the begin- ning of September, we found the strength of the three Counties to amount to only 760 men. We offered the General two thirds of them, if he chose to go an Expedi- tion, but rather advised him to proceed in garrisoning the Ohio upwards, agreeably to a recommendation of the Assembly, or at least to attempt nothing more than a small Expedition up the Miami, it was our opinion, if but one Garrison sd. be built, it sh'd be at the mouth of Kentucky as the most valuable post. If there sh'd be afterwards troops to spare, another sh'd be at the mouth of Licking opposite the big Miami, at Lawrence's Creek or Limestone Run: but we seemed unanimous that the mouth of Kentucky, in a war with the Western & Lake Indians, was a post of the utmost consequence. The sentiments of Genl: Clarke were different from ours in this Respect. He imagined the Falls to be a Post of the first Importance, being as he always expressed it, the Key of the Country. • • As I wish to see military service always properly hus- banded, I beg leave to offer a few reasons to your excel- lency, to show that keeping our principal post at the Falls is injudiciously wasting of our strength. JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 21 5 ist. The situation of the mouth of Kentucky is more in the road of the enemy in their war Excursions to any part of this Country, than any part of the Ohio below that place, a few Settlements in Jefferson County only excepted. 2ndly. The River Kentucky wd. afford a ready and cheap transportation of provisions which so abound in the upper Settlements, whereas if the main army staid at the Falls, an out-post at the Mouth of Kentucky wd. always kept close in Garrison, & being in continual terror could afford no protection towards transporting the pro- visions & rather be a trap for the exposed watermen. 3dly. The Mouth of Kentucky must be much health- ier than the Falls, being free from the stagnated pools which overspread the flat lands near the Falls & which everyyear kill or incpaacitate for service great numbers of our soldiers. To say that the Falls is the Key to this Country, seems to me unintelligible. It is a strong Rapid, which may in an age of commerce, be a considerable obstruction to the navigator, but as we have no trade, we neither need, nor have any keys to Trade. If it be understood in a Military sense, I think it a mistaken appellation, as the Enemy can & do pass with as little molestation just above the Falls & just below the Falls, as they could on any other part of the River. On parting with Genl: Clarke we expected to furnish assistance in building the Garrison at the Mouth of Ken- tucky from the Militia, but expected it to be 1 built princi- pally by the Regulars & wholly garrisoned by them, since which a Requisition has come to Colo: Logan and myself to furnish Tools and build the Garrison and after- wards defend it by men drawn from the Body of our mili- tia until he sh'd have Leisure to relieve them, which we are satisfied wd. not happen in any short time. 2l6 EARLY ILLINOIS. On consulting with Col : Logan we concluded to def building the Garrison, because we had no intrenchir Tools, no professed Eugineers, no money & we conceive it to belong to men who draw constant pay to garrison The result of our consultation we sent to the Genen with a promise to lay the matter before your Excellenc or the General Assembly. If the State had no troops c pay, we should have no cause to remonstrate, but whe they have troops, and those Troops kept in the moi interior & secure posts: when so much has already bee expended: to augment the Expence by putting the milk: on duty at a place distant from 60 to 120 miles from hom we conceive to be impoliticly & contrary to the opinion < your Excellency, to whom we submit the matter. A Recommendation for Justices will be handed yoi Excellency by our delegates also for several militia officer If it is not inconsistent with the practice, I would wis for a few Blank Commissions to be sent to the Cour Owing to so great a distance from the Seat oT Goverr ment, officers loose generally half a year in the date ( their commissions. I have the honor to be, with the greatest Respect- Your Excellency's most ob't & very h'ble Serv't. *Col: John Todd to Gov: Jefferson. From "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. Ill, 130. Lexington, Fayette Co., Ky., April 15th, 1782. May it please your Excellency •: — The Inhabitants c Fayette County have been so harrassed this spring by th * Accompanying this letter is a well-drawn plan of the Fort, and accoui current of cost of building — with description thereof as follows : "Laid dow from a Scale of 20 feet to the Inch — 80 feet in the clear — walls 7 feet thk of Rammed Dirt, inclosed with good Timbers 9 feet high only, from 4 fe upwards 5 feet thick— The Top of the Wall is neatly picketed 6 feet Hig! proof against Small Arms — Ditch 8 feet wide and between 4 & 5 feet deep. JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 21? Indians, that I was for some time apprehensive that the whole country w'd be evacuated, as Panicks of that Kind, have proved very catching, and the fate of the neighbor- ing garrisons at Licking last year was fresh in their minds — The only plan I could devise to prevent it &. sufficiently secure the provisions laid up at Bryants & this, place, was to build a new Fort upon a very advantageous, situation at this place & make it proof against Swivels; & small Artillery, which so terrify our people. I laid off the Fort, upon the simplest plan of a Quadrangle & divided the work equally among four of the most push- ing men, with a Bastion to each authorizing them to, employ workers from this & the neighboring Stations &: assuring them of their pay myself. On the Faith of such, assurances considerable sums of money have been lent. & advanced to the workmen, so that the work in about 20 Days has been nearly completed in a wbrkmanlike- manner. The Gate is nearly finished & the magazine- contracted for. The whole Expence amounts to £u,^. 341. ios, as will appear by the account herewith Sent. It is in vain for me to assure your Excellency that Diligence- and Economy has been used in this. Business, as the Work so abundantly proves it. I believe four times the expence never before made for the Publick a work equal to this.. An Emulation among the overseers, & Rewards in Liquor to the men proved powerful Incentives to Industry.. Being a charge of an uncommon nature, I thought proper to present it to your Excellency & the Council, being better Judges of the Necessity & Expediency of the Work, than the Anditors, who are probably unacquainted with the Circumstances of this Country. By either of the Delegates your Excellency may have an opportunity of transmitting the money — I have the Honor to be, with the greatest respect, your Excellency's mo: obedient & humble Servant. 2l8 EARLY ILLINOIS. Board of Commissioners to Benjamin Harrison, Governor of Virginia, concerning Col. John Todd Junior's Accounts, etc. From the original in the State Capitol at Richmond, Va. Jefferson County, Feb. 17th, 1783. Sir: — The Board of Commissrs. wrote the 23d of De- cember in return to your Excellency's favours of Octobr. 1 6th, & Novn. 4th. In compliance with your orders, we have diligently searched all the papers in our possession that would throw light on the nature of the Bills in Mr. Pollock's hands, yet remain much in the dark, as Colo. Todd's books & accounts are suposed by the Executor to be some where in the Interior parts of Virginia, and he can only lay before us some detached papers, amongst which we find a letter from the Exective, dated in Coun- cil Williamsburg, August 20, 1779. In which the Honble. the Lt. Governor, acknowledges the receipt of several •letters from Colo. Todd by Colo. Slaughter of the 1st & 2d of July, 1779, which were laid before the council who were pleased with the contents, and approved Colo. Todd's con- duct and plan for supporting the credit of the paper money, but that it must be submitted to the assembly who alone can give it efficacy. That the eight draughts Colo. Todd mentions have not been presented, but shall be duly attended to, as the gentlemen to whom they are payable are highly desirous of the grateful attention of the Gov- ernment. The Board likewise found a Peltry account amongst Colo. Todd's papers, by which it appears we purchased a quantity of Peltry from Mr. Beauregard some time in the fall of the year 1779, amounting to £21,000, for which it is probable he drew bills to the amount. The peltry by this account seems to be paid to sundry per- sons. Colo. Montgomery's certificate & information to the board, likewise accompanies this. On the whole as JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 21.9 no bills of Colo. Todd's drawing have appeared before us, nor are mentioned in the list transmitted to us, we imagine the bills in Mr. Nathan's possession may probably be for the above purchase, but as we are not favoured either with the amount or date of these bills, and no direct light can be got here, we cannot be positive. On the supposition that the bills were given at that time and on that account, the Commissioners have to observe that 210 packs of Peltry cost the state 2 livres per lb, and that at the time the purchase was made — Peltry and silver were nearly on a par, as it appears. Colo. Todd is said, to have given a high price for the Peltry, allowing three livres per lb., which is 50 p. ct. higher than it generally is, shews the purchase was made with depreciated paper money, at a little more than five & a half for one, if the Bills in question were drawn on the above accounts the Commissers. think they should be taken up at the above discount, but the Board wish to refer your Excellency to Colo. Todd's letters of the 1 & 2d July, 1779, which we suppose lodged in the Council chamber, to elucidate the affair, as we can not meet with copies of them. The Board have finished Capt. George's draughts on Mr. Pollock in favour of Capt. Barbour, but not thinking it prudent to trust the papers relative thereto by this con- veyance, they hope your Excellency will disp.ence with * the principles, they went on till they have an opportunity of laying the papers before the executive. As no invoices were produced either by Capt. George or 'Capt. Barbour, the Board affixed the prices to the cargo delivered at Fort Jefferson from the best lights they could get, at seven thousand five hundred & Eighty eight Dollars, one liver % as the prime cost at New Orleans, on which the Board allowed two hundred & twenty five p. Ct. advance for the cargo delivered at Fort Jefferson, amounting in the whole to Twenty four thousand six hundred and sixty one 15-33-5 220 EARLY ILLINOIS. dollars four livers, Six sous, Eight deniers including all expenses. We have not yet closed Genl. Clark's accounts as we find them so connected with the other accounts, both the Quarter Master's and Commissary's as well as- the officers, that we could not finish them before we had a general view of the whole, we will be able to settle his- in ten days. To examine all the Accounts minutely will take up a great deal of time, perhaps more than the Executive can imagine, as double receipts have always been taken for sums paid, the vouchers require to be listed alphabetically to prevent double entries. None of Mr. Pollock's bills he presented for payment have ap- peared before the board, but one, of Jan'y ist, 1781, for five thousand dollars which appears to be for part of the same cargo Capt. George purchased from Capt. Barbour and was a second bill, and is considered as part of 24661, $% allowed as above. By depositions it appears these Bills drawn by Wm. Lynn, in 1778, were for goods purchased by Lynn on his own acct, at Kaskaskias & Mesuri, and ought not to be charged to the state. It likewise appears that Robt. Elliot's draughts and the invoices of goods shiped on Acct. and at the risk of the United States, but charged to the state of Virginia by Mr. Pollock was in consequence of the cargo being lost in the Mississippi, and some of the articles that were saved from the wreck being made use of by the troops in the Illinoise. Inventories of the whole cargo and what was saved & applied to the use of the troops are copying, but as we have not fully examined the affair we defer giving our opinion in it. The Board informed your Excellency in theirs of ye Dec. 23, that an Express was sent to Kaskaskias to which they had a re- turn last evening, informing them they might expect some of their principle inhabitants would wait on them with the unsettled accounts, &c., in a short time. Mr. Carbonaux JOHN-TODD. PAPERS. 221 who will present this, is one of the inhabitants of Kaskas- kias and comes to get some private affairs settled but we suppose him principally a deputy to represent the confu- sion that country is in, which if not settled by this state, we aprehend he will proceed to Congress. None of the post mentioned in Your Excellencys favour of the 16th of Octr. are yet erected. The general we expect will lay before you his reasons for defering that business, an ad- dress from the civil and Military officers of Fayette praying us to report our opinion to Government accompanies this. We think could a fort be erected at or near the mouth of Limestone it would tend greatly to encourage the settling of that country, and that it should be garrisoned by a company of regulars aided by the Militia, & fur- nished with Flower from the neighborhood of Pitsburg. When we get a little more through the business we will inform your Excellence by express of our proceedings with such remarks on these bills which have been pre- sented for payment and are not laid before us as may be necessary for the Executive to have, before we can return our whole proceedings. We are with great respect your Excellencys. Most obed't Humble Servts. To His Exellence Willm. Fleming, The Hon. Benjamin Harrison, Esq., T. Marshall, Govr. of Virginia. Caleb Wallace. Col. John Montgomery to the Hon. the Board of Commissioners, for the Settlement of Western Accounts.* Frorti "Calendar of Virginia State Papers," Vol. Ill, page 441. February 22d, 1783, New HOLLAND. Gentlemen: — As I am sensible that many reports pre- * As the letters of Col. Todd of Jan. 24, 1 781, and of Richard Winston of Oct. 24, 1780, enclosed therein, both printed above, reflect severely upon 222 EARLY ILLINOIS. judicial to my character hath been spread by persons of an Evil disposition, and perhaps their character not known, may of course make some impression on you ; and as my accts, are now on the carpit, I take the liberty of address- ing this short narrative to you, the Contents Being an un- deniable truth, I am in hopes will have the desired effect and disperse any suspitions you may have, originated by these Characters alluded to. In 1777, being ordered with my Company from Wholstons to the Kentucky Country for i ( ts defence, I remained there until the year following, when Col: Clark arrived at the falls of the Ohio with a body of Troops on his way to the Illinois. I Joined him, and on the presumption of our being Suckcessful, ft was thought prudent to Establish a small Post at that place for the conveniency of a communication between the Illinois and Kentuckey Countries, after which we set out on our intended enterprise, and met with all the suckcess we could wish for, principally owing to the secrecy of our movements, after remaining in that country untill circum- stances appearantly permited our Return, I came of with the volunteers, having Instructions from Col: now Genl. Clark, to wait on his Excellency the Governor as soon as possiable with Letters and verbal messages, when I re- ceived Instructions to raise three hundred men and Join Genl. Clark as soon as possiable. raising the greatest part of the Troops, I proceeded down the tennisse river, after destroying the lower Cherokee Towns in concert with Col: Shelby's division. I proceeded on my rout and arrived Col. Montgomery, it seems but just to print also this letter containing his defence. John Montgomery, an Irishman, joined Col. Clark at the Falls of the Ohio, and accompanied him on his expedition to the Illinois. He com- manded the garrison of the fort at Kaskaskia after its surrender by the British, and Aug. 5, 1779, as lieutenant-colonel of the Illinois battalion, was assigned to the military command of the Illinois by George Rogers Clark, colonel of the Illinois battalion and commander-in-chief of the Virginia forces in the western department. — E. g.'m. JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 223 at Kaskaskia the 29th of May, 1779. an Expedition being already planed, or rather a manouver to prevent the Enemy's taking the Field and Distressing the Frontiers, I was ordered to conduct the Troops by water to St. Vin- cent on the Wabash, Genl: Clark crossing by Land to to that post with a small escort, the appearance of a design of atacking the Enemy on the Lakes being kept up untill the aprentions of all danger of their attempting anything Capital that Season Vanished, a Garrison was ordered to be left at St. Vincenne. The body of the batalion marched back to the Mississippi to Garrison the Towns "Kaskaskia and Kohas. Genl. Clark finding the Public interest required that he should reside at the Falls of the Ohio until provision should be made for the Insue- ing Campaign, I was ordered to take command of the Troops in the Illinois; make often reports of the State of the Department to Genl. Clark, and to be carefull to have Expences of government as moderate as possible: draw- ing bills of exchange on him or the Treasury of Virginia for the payment of the Expences of the Troops, studying the general Interest of the State and Tranquility of the Inhabitants of the Different posts leting all kind of opres- sions be the last shift: this is the Substance of orders I received. I set out for Kaskaskia the 14th of August, and disposed of my Troops according to order, drawing Bills on the Treasurer for the suport of the Troops, after some time the Inhabitants refused to Take Bills drawn any other way than on Mr. Pollock of New Orleans or the Treasurer addressed to both which I was necessitated to do or suffer my troops to perish, not dareing, from the nature of my Instructions to Impress provisions, if to be got by any other mains on moderate Terms. What might have been Genl: Clark's views for giving Such orders I can't acct. for any other way than that of his views of future oppera- tions being such that he suposed it to be our interest to 224 EARLY ILLINOIS. keep the Inhabitants attached to us by Every means in our power, knowing the influence they had over the minds of a great number of Savage Tribes. My Troops suffered, as the credit of the State fell: no payment being made for the Bills that was Drawn, and never haveing any goods, or other property in my possession to have purchased pro- visions, which was generally in Specie notes, which the vouchers to my accts. will best show. Bills I gave cash, for the recruiting Service was Depreciated, it required all the Industry we could possiable make use of to support ourselves, by hunting &c. in the Spring 1780, we were threatened with an Invasion. Genl. Clark being informed of it Hurreyed his departure with a small body of Troops to the Falls of the mouth of the Ohio, when he receiving other expresses from the Spanish Comm'dts and myself, luckily joined me at Cohos, time enough to save the coun- try from Impending ruin, as the Enimy appeared in great force within twenty four hours after his arrival, finding that they were likely to be disapointed in their Design, they retired after doing some mischief on the Span'h Shore, which would have prevented, if unfortunately the the high wind had not prevented the signals being heard, in a few days a number of prisoners and Disarters left the Enimy Confirming a report that a body of near thousand English and Indian Troops ware on their march to the Kentucky Country with a Train of artillery, and the Genl: knowing the Situation of that Country appeared to be alarmed and resolved to attempt to Get there previous to their arrival, at the same time he Thought it necessary that they Enimy was retreating up the Illinois River, should be pursued so as to atact their Towns about the time the might have been disbanded, distress them, con- vince them that we would retaliate and perhaps prevent their joining the British Emisarys again, previous to my knowledge of the above Resolution I had informed Genl: JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 225 Clarke of my Desire of Leave of absence for some time, in order to return to my family, it was then he informed me of his resolution; and that the Publick Interest would not permit of my request being Granted, that I must take command of the Expedition to Rock River, while he would attempt to interrupt the army marching to Ken- tuckey, and if they got them before him Except the weakened the country too much he would raise an army and atempt to play them the same Ga*me in the Miami country, as he hoped I would go towards Miskelemacknor, and if we Should be Tolerable sucksessfull and the busi- ness properly arranged, I might absent myself for four or rive months in the fall or winter, after Given me Instruct tions he left Kohos the forth of June with a small Escort for the mouth of the Ohio on his rout to Kentuckey. I immediately proceeded to the Business I was order'd and march'd three hundred and fifty men to the Lake open on the Illinois River, and from thence to the Rock river, Destroying the Towns and crops proposed, the Enimy not Dareing to fight me as the had so lately Been Disbanded and they could not raise a sufficient force, after return- ing, takeing every method in my power to regulate busi- ness, 1 was resolved to return home, but after Deliberating some time, was convinced that the Risque by land was Great without a Guard, which our circumstances would not admit off, and that I could posably as soon or sooner return by Water than land, what might also induce me in a great measure to Take my rout by Orleans, was the probability of Recovering ,some deserters from the Span- ish Governor, and put a stop to that pernicious practice, which I in a great measure effected as that Gentlemen appeared willing to comply with any proposition in his power to promote our interest, finding that a passage to Virginia was not expected in a short time, I resolved to Return Emediately, and according to my resolution set 226 EARLY ILLINOIS. out on the fifteenth of March and returned to my Com- mand the first day of May, 1 781. the want of provisions obliged us to Evacuate Fort Jefferson the Eight of June & the Genl interest required my attention at the falls of the Ohio, when I arrived the second of July a few days before Genl: Clark, on my return from New Orleans, I was alarmed to find by some letters for Genl: Clark seting forth many allagations and Instructions in consequence to the Comd's of Port Jefferson. I was Emediately con- vinced that some malicious person in my absence had made reports much to my prejudice asserting that I had made large purchases pretendedly for the State and appro- priated them to my use, which is a palpable falsity, as it is well known that I never attempted anything that could give the least suspicion of such practices, of course these reports have originated from false Malitious persons so Common in the Western Country and so apt to be credited by persons that ought, and would despise them, could the know their charactar. You are sensible how fond some perticular classes of people are, of spreading reports pre- judicial to others, a low charactor, in the Eastern part of the state, he fits himself out, come to the fronteers, sup- poses on his rout, that although of an Inferior Class in his own neighborhood will be at least Equal to the first in the Country he is a going to push himself into Company and perhaps Gets kicked out, and Emediately makes a point of Exclaiming, not only for sake of Revenge, but is in hopes that strangers will view him as a man of conse- quence, but Sirs, you are too well acquainted with the world to make it necessary for me to say anything more on the Subject of such Characters. I flatter myself that you will at least find, that too great credit have been paid to party reports, and that officers zealous in the interest of their Country, that have sacrifised their all for it, have suffered by those very men, who not having virtue enough JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 227 to step forth in its Defence, have maid their fortunes under the banner of those officers they wish to Destroy, no person but those that have been witnesses can have a just idea of the adress and Fatigues that it hath required to suport this Department that have been the Salvation of all our frontiers, and saved much blood and Treasure, always Labouring under every Kind of Difficualty, the the want of men, money and provision, and haveing not only to Counteract, the designs of a Powerful savage Tribe, incouraged by British Emissaries and others Equally Dangerous to the State. A duty I owe myself and Coun- try require that I should give you every information in my power which will always give me pleasure, whenever you call on me. I am Gent, with every sentiment of respect Your very Obedient Servant. Thomas Jefferson to Colonel Todd:* From "Canadian Archives," Series 2, Vol. 17, p. 125. Williamsburg, March 19th, 1780. Sir: — Your Letter from the falls of Ohio, of Dec. 23d, came safely to hand. You mention therein that you have not in a twelvemonth received any Letters from hence, I know not what were written before the 1st of June last, but since that time I have written several to you. The Expences attending the support of our Troops in the IJlinois has obliged us to call them all to the south side of the Ohio, where our paper money is current. * The originals of this letter and one of the same date written by Thomas Jefferson "to George Rogers Clark were intercepted on their way to the West, and sent to Major de Peyster, the British commandant at Detroit. He for- warded them to Gen. Haldimand at Quebec, who acknowledged their receipl July 6, 1780 and forwarded them to the Home Government. — "Canadian Ar- chives, Haldimand Collection." — E. G. M. 228 EARLY ILLINOIS. Hard money is not to be got here, and we find the diffi- culty' of sending commodities to New Orleans, very great. The Draughts from yourself and Colonel Clarke on Pol- lock, those presented us by Le Gras and Lintot, others for about 50,000 Dollars presented by a Mr. Nathan from the Havannah, who took them up at New Orleans, being all claimed in hard money or commodities at the hard money price, have rendered us bankrupt there — for we have no means of paying them. Mr. Brusegard's bill for 30,000 dollars will be on a foot- ing with these. We will accept it. Promise payment, and make it, as soon as we shall be able. We have no bank in France, or any other Foreign Place. There being an absolute necessity of obtaining from New Orle- ans supplies of clothing and military stores for Colonel Clarke's men, we shall endeavour that our Board of Trade shall send commodities there for that purpose. But to prevent the injury and disgrace of protested bills, we think that in future all bills must be drawn by them, in which case they will take care to make previous provision, for their payment. I am therefore to desire you hereafter to notify to us your wants, which shall be provided for as far as we are able, by bills from the Board of Trade, sent to you or to New Orleans. Provisions and all other articles, which our Country affords, will be sent on the south side of the Ohio. I must beg the favor of you to send me a list of all the bills you have at any time drawn on. us, specifying avhere they are drawn in dollars, whether silver or paper dollars wer.e intended, and if paper, at what rate of depreciation they were estimated; the known price of commodities in hard money or peltry will serve you as a standard to fix the rate of depreciation. We cheerfully exert ourselves to pay our debts, as far JOHN-TODD PAPERS. 229 as they are just, but we are afraid of imposition, for which the rapid progress of depreciation has furnished easy means — yourself alone & Colonel Clarke can guard us against this by timely and full information in what man- ner your several draughts ought in justice to be paid. I am sorry you think of resigning your office in the Illinois, the withdrawing our troops from thence will ren- der the presence of a person of established authority more essential than ever. Your complaints concerning your allowance we think too well grounded and will lay them before the Assembly in May, who we doubt not will remove them, the other objections, I am in hopes you can get over. It would give us much concern should any necessity oblige you to leave that Country at all, and more especi- ally so early as you speak of. I am Sir, with great esteem your most humble servant. [Signed,] Thos. Jefferson. To Colonel TODD. [Endorsed:] Copy of a Letter from Mr. Jefferson to Col. Todd, dated at Williamsburg, March 19th, 1780. In Govr. Haldimand's No. 57. FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 33. FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY, CHICAGO. PHILIPPE DE ROCHEBLAVE. ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. COURT OP ENOUIRY AT FORT CHARTRES. FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 3 4. PHILIPPE DE ROCHEBLAVE AND ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS, HISTORICAL SKETCH AND NOTES BY EDWARD GAY MASON, President of the Chicago Historical Society. COURT OF ENQUIRY AT FORT CHARTRES, INTRODUCTION BY JOHN MOSES, Secretary of the Chicago Historical Society. REPRINTED FROM Vol. IV, Chicago Historical Society's Collection's: "Early Chicago and Illinois." CHICAGO: FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY. 1890. BRITISH ILLINOIS. Philippe Frangois de Rastel, Chevalier de Rocheblave. By Edward G. Mason of Chicago. A CERTAIN interest attaches to the name of Roche- blave as that of the last British commandant of the region known a century or more ago as "the Illinois." His official position and his relations to that region during the revolutionary period, upon which his correspondence, preserved in the Canadian archives, sheds much light, seem to render a brief sketch of his life an appropriate intro- duction to a selection from that correspondence. Philippe Francois de Rastel, Chevalier de Rocheblave, was born in the village of Savournon in the old province of Dauphine, now in the department of the High Alps, in the southeast of France.* His father, the seigniorial lord of Savournon, was Jean Joseph de Rastel, Chevalier Marquis de Rocheblave.* The son entered the army as an officer in the French service and was placed upon the half-pay list in 1748.-^ A desire for active employ- ment and for an opportunity to better his financial con- dition, it is probable, brought him to Canada in that year.J He acquired experience in Indian warfare, and was one of the officers who served under the brilliant partisan Charles de Langlade in I755,§ when he led his bands of western savages from the country about Lake Michigan to the rendezvous at Fort Duquesne. In the * Marriage Register, 1763. — Kaskaskia Parish Records. t Rocheblave to Germaine, Feb. 28, 1778.— "Canadian Archives." J Rocheblave to Haldimand, Oct. 7, 1781. — Haldimand MSS., British Museum. § " Wisconsin Historical Society's Collect'ns," III, 213; VII, 132. I 6-34-I 231 232 EARLY ILLINOIS. memorable defeat of Braddock which followed, due more to Langlade than to any other man,* Rocheblave dis- tinguished himself and won the praises of his chief. One incident of that famous campaign, however, does not reflect credit upon the subject of this sketch. After the remnant of Braddock's force had fled, the French and Indians were busily engaged rifling the bodies of the dead which lay thick along the banks of the Monongahela. A young man of Langlade's party, of much enterprise and promise named La Choisie, discovered the body of a richly-dressed English, officer, and Rocheblave, almost at the same moment, claimed that he had found it. La Choisie managed first to seize the well-filled purse, of the contents of which Rocheblave stoutly demanded a share, and they parted in no friendly way. The next morning, La Ghoisie was found assassinated, and the purse of gold was missing. While there was no direct evidence of Roche- blave's guilt, he was strongly suspected of the crime, and its shadow rested upon his name thenceforth.-f- It is stated that Rocheblave continued to serve in Lan- glade's command during most of his subsequent campaigns in the old French war. j And he appears to have seen other service as well. In August, 1756, the governor- general of Canada — Vaudreuil — writing to one of the French ministers, says, that Sieur de Rocheblave with another cadet, a corporal, a militiaman, and twenty Shaw- nee Indians knocked at the gate of a small fort, three leagues beyond Fort Cumberland, where there remained some families and thirty militia. He killed four English- men whom the Indians scalped, wounded three, who dragged themselves into the fort, and took three prison- ers^ And in the following year, Vaudreuil writes to the * "Wisconsin Historical Society's Collections," VII, 132, 133. t Ibid, III, 215; VII. 132. % Ibid, III, 213. § "New-York Colonial Documents," X, 435. BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE. 233 home government that Rocheblave had returned with a prisoner taken on the banks of "the Potowmak," three days' march from Fort Cumberland.* During these years, Rocheblave seems to have been one of the garrison of Fort Duquesne. Two years later, he was for a time one of the lieutenants of another "famous French partisan," as he is described by Sir William Johnson, Sieur Marin, who like Langlade was associated with the early history of what is now Wis- consin. In June, 1759, Marin led a party of about three hundred Delaware and Shawnee Indians, with the assist- ance of Rocheblave and three Canadians, from Fort Niag- ara "to insult Fort Pitt," as they said. This fortification, then recently erected by Gen. Stanwix upon the ruins of Fort Duquesne, was found to be in a poor condition for defence. It might easily have been captured, had more Frenchman taken part in the expedition, the Indians being of little use in an attack upon a fortified place. But there was no time to send for reinforcements, as the command- ant at Fort Niagara suddenly summoned his outlying parties to aid him against the British army under Gen. Prideaux and Sir William Johnson which was advancing to the investment of his position. Marin's command re- turned with all speed, joining on the way large reinforce- ments moving to the relief of Fort Niagara. In the battle fought under its walls, Marin shared in the French defeat and was one of the prisoners on that occasion.-}- Roche- blave had been left with one hundred and fifty men to guard the canoes and bateaux at an island above the Niag- ara portage. When the fate of the day was decided, the Frenchmen who escaped from the field retired to this place and the whole party -proceeded to Detroit.^ The * "New-York Colonial Documents," X, 581. t "Wisconsin Historical Society's Collections," V, 118. } "New- York Colonial Documents," X, 992. 234 EARLY ILLINOIS. war practically ended with the defeat of Montcalm in 1759, and for a few years thereafter we can not definitely trace Rocheblave. In 1762, there was in Louisiana an officer of the name among the officials of the French government, and in later times one of the streets in New Orleans was named from this person." On a map of the Mississippi, made about this period, is marked on the left bank of that river just below the English Turn, not far from New Orleans, "Hab- itation du Chevalier de Rocheblatie; anciem 1 Le Fort."-f- After 1762, this officer disappears from the Louisiana records, and it is possible that he is identical with the Illinois Rocheblave, who, in 1763, was placed upon the half-pay list of the French army! m recognition, it is pre- sumed, of his efficient services in the old French war. He probably came to Kaskaskia. in the same year and established himself as a trader in that place. Here on April 11, 1763, in the old parish church, he was united in marriage to. Michel Marie Dufresne, daughter of Jacques Michel Dufresne, officer of militia of that parish. The original entry with the signature of the parties, the wit- nesses, and the priest is still preserved in the marriage record at Kaskaskia. And, probably, because Rocheblave was still an officer in the French service, it is recited that written permission for the marriage had been given by Monsieur Neyon de Villiers, major commandant at the Illinois. De Villiers was one of seven famous brothers, six .of whom laid down their lives in the service of the French king, and his graceful autograph appears at the foot of the record. § When the Illinois country was surrendered by France * Letter of Charles Gayarre, Dec. 24, 1888. -t E. Mease's notes on maps in Pitman's " European Settlements. " J Rocheblave to Germaine. — " Canadian Archives." ' § Marriage Register, 1763. — Kaskaskia Parish Records. BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE. 235 to Great Britain in the fall of 1765, Rocheblave, as his opponents say, abandoned his property there, and pre- ferred the Spanish government to the British, taking the oath of allegiance thereto.* At all events, he was in command at Sainte Genevieve on the Spanish side of the Mississippi in 1/66, and engaged in certain legal proceed- ings there. f In the following year, he was still Spanish commandant at the same place and was most tenacious of the rights of his catholic majesty even in ecclesiastical matters. When the good Father Meurin appeared at Sainte Genevieve, acting under'the Roman catholic bishop of Quebec, Rocheblave declared "I know no English bish- op here, and in a post where I command I wish no eccle- siastical jurisdiction recognized except that of the arch- bishop of St. Domingo." He at once made a decree pro- scribing Father Meurin, and orders were issued for his arrest as a state criminal for recognizing a jurisdiction not admitted by Spain. A friend warned him of his danger, and he left Sainte Genevieve and crossed the river into British territory..^ In 1770, Rocheblave became engaged in an altercation with Lieut.-Col. John Wilkins, then commanding for Great Britain in the Illinois country with headquarters at Fort Chartres. The strife between the two commandants waxed hot, and attracted ' the attention of Gen. Thomas Gage at New York, and of Don Alexandra O'Reilly at New Orleans, the commanders-in-chief in North America for Great Britain and Spain respectively. Rocheblave for- warded his correspondence with Wilkins, and a- letter of complaint to his chief, the governor and captain-general for his catholic majesty of the province of Louisiana. He sent all the papers, together with a conciliatory letter and * Petition to Carleton, April 10,. 1777.— Haldimand Papers, "Canadian Archives. " t St. Louis City-Records. J Shea's "Life and Times of Archbishop Carroll," p. 120. 236 EARLY ILLINOIS. a copy of his orders to the commanders of the several posts within his government intended to prevent the re- currence of such troubles, to the commander of the forces of his Britannic majesty in his American colonies. Gen. Gage replied in the same spirit, and, while he said it was not possible from the letters of Rocheblave and Wilkins to discover the merits of their controversy, he agreed with Don Alexandra in the expediency of putting a stop to' these little disputes in the beginning to avoid their in- creasing to animosities. And in courtly phrase, he ex- pressed his ambition to follow Don Alexandra's example and to obey his commands on all occasion's,* the humor of which, under all the circumstances, Don O'Reilly's Irish blood must have enabled him to enjoy. It does not appear what the precise difficulty was, but it is evident that Rocheblave was as prompt to oppose the British, in behalf of Spain, in things temporal, as in things spiritual. By what process this foe of Great Britain, who as a Frenchman had fought against her troops, and as a Span- iard had quarreled with her officials, was transformed into a subject of George the Third is a mystery. Nor is it known when the marvellous change took place. It was alleged against him that he never took the oath of, allegi- ance and supremacy required of those who held' office under the British crown.f However this may have been, Rocheblave returned to Kaskaskia some time between 1770 and 1776, and posed as a British subject. Lieut.-Col. John Wilkins was followed in the command of the Illinois by Capt. Hugh Lord, who had at Kaskas- kia two companies of regulars and a few artillery-men. Maj.-Gen. Haldimand, who succeeded Gage in command at New York in June, 1773, was rather in favor of keep- ing these troops in the Illinois country. But Gen. Gage, * Gage to O'Reilly, May 16, 1770.— Haldimand Papers. + Petition to Carleton.— .S«/»-fl. BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE. 237 who resumed command on his arrival at Boston in May, 1774, feared, as the troubles with the colonies began to increase, that the detachment might be cut off and was inclined to order it eastward. Various circumstances pre- vented the accomplishment of this design until Sir Guy Carlton,, the commander-in-chief in Canada, in whose jurisdiction the Illinois country was included, determined to carry it out. And after the disasters to the royal arms dn 1775, when the soldiers of the colonies invaded Canada, he issued the necessary orders.* In the spring of 1776, Capt. Lord and his' men departed to join the British forces by the way of Detroit and the lakes.-f- He, was instructed to entrust the administration of affairs to such person as he judged proper. He selected Rocheblave as his successor, and it is a proof of his con- ifidence in him that he left his own family in Rocheblave's charge, and four years thereafter they were still with Madame Rocheblave.j Carleton wrote Hamilton, the British lieutenant-governor at Detroit, that the troops were withdrawn from the Illinois to avoid unnecessary expense, and that a salary of £200 per year had been granted Rocheblave to have an eye to the king's interests in those parts, and to advise the government of whatever might be carrying on there against them, and that his appointment was deemed to have commenced May 1, I776.§ And he wrote Lord George Germaine, the secretary of war, that he had employed Rocheblave to have an eye on the pro- ceedings of the Spaniards and the management of the Indians on that side; that his abilities and knowledge of that part of the country recommended him as a fit per- son; and that he thought such a one necessary since the post which had been held upon the Mississippi had been * Rocheblave to Germaine, Jan. 22, 1778.— "Canadian Archives." + Carleton to Hugh Lord, July 19, 1776.— Haldimand Papers. t Madame de Rocheblave to Haldimand.— Haldimand MSS. I Carleton to Hamilton, Sept. 15, 1777.—/^. 238 EARLY ILLINOIS. withdrawn.* Rocheblave naturally magnified his office, and considered that Capt. Lord had appointed him judge and commander of a vast country, and had in -effect in- structed him to continue to bestow upon the savages the presents ordinarily given in order to avoid alienating them, and that it was also committed to him to break up the designs and evil intentions of the Spaniards to say nothing of the rebellious colonists. He so informed the home government nearly two years after his appointment.")- But however backward he was in advising his superiors of the extent of his authority, he lost no time in impressing it upon the people of the Illinois country. The French in- habitants were speedily taught to address him as comman- dant of all the British part of the Illinois, and with the most humble respect and submission, as did the residents of Peoria.^ The British inhabitants were less docile, and complained by petition to Carleton, that Rocheblave trampled upon their liberties, "despised Englishmen and English laws," acted both as counsel and judge, traded with the savages against his own edicts, and was partial to the French. § If one-half of their allegations were true, he certainly carried matters with a high hand and played the part of a despot. Still it is but fair to Rocheblave to say, that however unjust to the people, he seems to have been faithful to the government. And notwithstanding his previous, frequent changes of allegiance, he served the British crown during his stay at the Illinois with a zeal and persistence which obtained from his superior officers a quasi-recognition of his right to the positions he claimed. Even Sir Guy Carle- ton who so carefully limited his authority at the outset, a * Carleton to Germaine, Aug. 13, 1777.— "Canadian Archives." + Rocheblave to Germaine, Jan. 22, 1778. — Sutra. J Inhabitants of Peoria to Rocheblave. — Supra. §- Petition to Carleton. —Supra. BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE. 239 few months later promised him an order authorizing him to call out the militia, which practically made him com- mandant,* and apparently paid no attention to the com- plaints against him. The home government made no 'objection to his assuming the title he coveted, and Haldi- mand, who succeeded Carleton as governor of Canada, June 30, 1778, and with whom Rocheblave carried on an extensive correspondence after the capture of Fort Gage, always treated him as the former commandant at the Illinois, and in fact paid him his salary as such officer until some time in 1783,"!" and also his expenses in that office."!* Certainly he was untiring in his efforts to obtain information concerning the schemes of the Spaniards and colonists, and nothing pleased him better than to hold a solemn examination in the audience room of Fort Gage at Kaskaskia, usually at five o'clock in the morning, of some trader returning from a winter visit to a tribe with which the Spaniards at St. Louis had been tampering, or some refugee from the colonies bringing cheering but delusive tales of their probable return to their allegiance; and to send off an express with the depositions of such witnesses duly signed, sealed, witnessed and verified upon oath, to Lieut. -Gov. Hamilton at Detroit, or Sir Guy Carleton at Montreal. He was really, as he himself says, left in charge of a great province without troops, without money, and without resources. + And he accomplished much with very little means. His services were especially valuable in regard to the Indians among whom. his military experience and long association with them as a French partisan gave him influence, and he kept the tribes in his neighborhood :juiet, and the routes of the Ohio and Mississippi open for a considerable time by his personal efforts alone. * Carleton to Rocheblave, Oct. 28, 1776.— Haldimand Papers. + Haldimand Papers. ± Rocheblave to Geraiaine, Feb. 28, 1778. — Supra. 240 . EARLY ILLINOIS. In fact, he decidedly, preferred this kind of occupation; and this feeling, together with the lack of harmony be- tween himself and the British traders at Kaskaskia, in- duced him to earnestly entreat that an English lieutenant- governor might be sent to take his place, and he be de- tailed to take charge of Indian affairs.* He was equally anxious that at least a few troops should be sent to pro- tect the country, the importance of which he seemed to realize far more than any one else in the British service, ■except perhaps Gen. Haldimand who, had he succeeded Carleton in time, would probably have granted this re- quest. For after Clark's successful expedition, Haldimand ■expressed the opinion that had the two companies of regu- lars which he left at the Illinois when he commanded in New York, been left there they would have assured posses- sion of the country and prevented subsequent conse- quences.f Rocheblave insisted, but to deaf ears, that the Illinois country if better known, would be one of the richest colonies which his majesty possessed, and that it would soon become the centre, of communication between the colonists and the Spaniards by the way of the Beau- tiful River.J Carleton wrote Hamilton that it would be impracticable to send any troops to Rocheblave§ and none were ever sent him. But- it was the financial rock upon which he split. Not- withstanding Carleton's strict limitation of his allowances to £200 a year and the cost of his expenses, jj Rocheblave could not reconcile this petty sum with the dignity of his office, and came to grief accordingly. His expenditures may not have been altogether upon government account, * Rocheblave to Hamilton, May 8, 1777. — "Canadian Archives." + Haldimand to de Bude (?), June 17, 1779.— Haldimand Papers. J Rocheblave to Germaine, Jan. 22, 1778. — Supra. § Carleton to Hamilton, May 16, 1777. — Supra. IS, Ibid, Sept. 15, 1777. — Supra. BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE. 241 but doubtless in part they were, and his surprise and grief at the non-payment of his modest drafts for twelve and thirteen hundred pounds are almost pathetic, albeit some- what humorous. Carleton had notified him in May, 1777, that he must not incur any further expense, but could draw for his salary only which was all that Hamilton was author- ized to accept, but he paid no attention to this * Then finding that he could extract nothing from Hamilton or Carleton, he addresses himself directly to Lord George Germairie at Whitehall, and assures him that his expendi- tures have always savored more of the niggardliness of a private individual than what could have been expected from a great power like Great Britain ; that he did receive orders to incur no more expense upon government account, but the absolute necessity of his work had obliged him to continue it on his own account, expecting of course to be reimbursed.-f- This producing no effect, he applies again to Sir Guy Carleton, who is told that it grieves Roche- blave to the heart to speak on the subject of finance, but he is persuaded that the goodness of Carleton's heart will not permit him to- refuse the payment of Rocheblave's rejected drafts, and that he has strongly felt that the honor of the nation would not permit his fanaticism of zeal to be costly to him, nor that he should become the sport of his neighbors and savages. And while he confesses that he has persuaded the commandant at Vincennes to carry part of Rocheblave's expenditures in his account, he says he forced himself to this kind of deceit which the crisis alone could justify and that it troubles him all the more because it is foreign to his character. £ The government was obdurate, but with undiminished cheerfulness and energy, he continued to raise the warn- * Carleton to Hamilton, May 16, 1777.— Haldimand Papers. t Rocheblave to Germaine, Jan. 22, 1778.— Supra, t Rocheblave to Carleton, Feb. 18, 1778. — Supra. 242 EARLY ILLINOIS. ing voice of one crying in the wilderness against the early expeditions of the colonists along the Ohio and the Mis- sisippi to- New Orleans to obtain supplies from the Span- iards, and the danger which these threatened to the Illinois posts. The daring young continental captain, James Willing, descended the Ohio from Fort Pitt, with an armed vessel and forty soldiers, captured fur-traders going to deal with the Indians under British permits, officers of militia with Rocheblave's own pass, took bateaux and cargoes in British waters, and nearly caught Rocheblave himself as he returned from a visit to Lieut.-Gov. Abbott at Vincennes. Willing went on his way to attack, the British settlements on the lower Mississippi; and Roche- blave duly 'reported every account and rumor concerning him, giving them the darkest possible coloring, and again and again begged for the troops which such expeditions proved to be essential to the preservation of the Western country."" It was all in vain, his requests for soldiers were un- heeded, his accounts for expenditures more or less in the public service were disallowed, and his drafts on the gov- ernment representatives whether at Detroit or in Canada, went to protest. But his busy pen was still at work, and when the eventful July 4, 1778, arrived, he was correspond- ing as briskly as ever. He was true to his financial record to the last, for he made one more draft, and that for over $1200 and on the government treasurer at Quebec ;f calmly oblivious of the repeated injunctions of his superior officers that he should draw on Detroit only, and for no more than his annual salary. He accompanied this bill of exchange with a letter to the treasurer praying that it * Rocheblave to Abbott, June 20, 1778. Rocheblave to Carleton, July 4, 1778- — Haldimand Papers. t Rocheblave to Thomas Dunn, treasurer, Quebec, Bill of Exchange, July 4, 1778. — Ibid. BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE. 243 might be honored, and mentioning that the uncertainty in which he was as to whether his preceding draft had been paid, had occasioned him an increase of expense. And he frankly stated that the doings of the Spaniards with the Americans required that he should do even more than before, presumably in the financial line, if his services were to be of any use to the country. These, however, he offered freely.* And on the same day, the very last of his commland at the Illinois, he dispatched a long com- munication to Sir Guy Carleton, containing the latest news of the rebel marauders along the Mississippi, earn- estly soliciting the immediate sending of a body of troops to the Illinois, and asserting that all his alarms were about to be realized and that they were upon the eve of seeing there a numerous band of brigands. And he pathetically implored the governor to order the treasurer to pay his latest draft, he being overcome with demands. And ap- parently having exhausted all other arguments, he begged for assistance as the father of a family in pecuniary diffi- culties.-)- Before the next sunrise, George Rogers Clark and his men were in possession of the old Jesuit mansion which did duty for a fort at Kaskaskia, and the hapless Roche- blave was a prisoner of war. The band of brigands had arrived, not those under the command of James Willing whose coming he had for some time predicted and dreaded, but another force under another leader whose approach he does not seem to have suspected. According to the pop- ular account, Rocheblave was captured in his bed.j Clark only says that with one division of his little army he broke into the fort and secured the governor, Mr. Roche- blave^ It has been also stated that the wife of the gov- * Rocheblave to Thos. Dunn, July 4, 1778.— Haldimand Papers. + Rocheblave to Carleton, July 4, 1778.— /«". Morgan had any other Plantation, or Lands whatever, in the Country of the Illinois, at the Time you Enter'd into Articles with him?' "Bacon. — T know of none except the Fourteen Acres already mentioned.' "Court. — 'If you dont know the Boundaries of your Plantation, how came you to Imagine that Mr- Elliott has Encroach'd upon you?' "Bacon. — 'I know the Boundaries on the side next to Elliott' "Question Mr. Morgan. — 'In what manner Mr. Bacon do you apprehend Mr- Elliott hath Encroahed upon you?' "Bacon.— 'Mr- Elliott has Settled on a Place, which I BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 299 had Clear' d & made some Improvements upon, whereon is a Spring which I likewise had Cleared & made Con- venient for the watering of my Cattle, & hath also taken Possession of a Shed or House which I had Built.' "Court. — 'Was this House or Shed just now mentioned, built, before M r - Morgan left the Illinois Country in the beginning of July 1769, or had you his Leave in writing or otherwise, to Build Said House or Shed?' "Bacon. — 'The House or Shed was not Built when Mr. Morgan left the Illinois Country in 1769, nor had I his leave in writing for Building of it. But I understood from what M r - Morgan has frequently Said on talking of the Improvements of the Plantation now in Dispute that I might make Improvements & Build on the Land which Mr- Morgan hath now settled Mr- Elliott upon.' "Mr: Morgan. — 'Is Mr- Elliott Settled between the Face of the Roches & the Banks of the Mississippi?' "M r - Bacon. — 'No, he is not. He is Settled on the Back part of the Roches.' "Mr. Morgan. — 'Did you M r - Bacon make any use of the Shade or House which M r - Elliott now Occupies?' "Mr- Bacon. — 'No, I did not at the Time Mr- Elliott took Possession of it.' "M r - Morgan. — 'Did not I tell you Mr- Bacon, when I Settled you upon my Plantation that I was not Certain, whether the Plantation wou'd extend to the Eastern Roche or not?' "Mr- Bacon. — 'You did 'say that you was not Certain whether Your Plantation wou'd Extent from one Roche to the other or not; but that if it did not extend so far, you intended soon to Purchase the Adjoining Lands, & wou'd give me leave, in Consequence of Said Purchase, to make what Improvemts- I thought might be necessary or advantageous to him M r - Morgan & myself.' "Mr- Morgan. — 'Hath Mr- Elliott made any Improve- 300 EARLY ILLINOIS. ments on the West Side of the Roches in the Grand Prairie?' " Mr- Bacon.— 'No, he has not' "M r - Bacon being desir'd by the Court to proceed to prove the Charge of Personal Abuse — he said as follows: 'Upon going, to Kaskaskia to Settle Accounts with Mr- Morgan, & upon getting there M r - Morgan Ask'd me if I had got the Staves Ready that he had been talking to me about some time before. On my telling him I had not, M r - Morgan Demanded my Reason. I told him that I Came to know how my Accounts Stood, before I cou'd do anything more to his Plantation. Upon which M r - Mor- gan Call'd me a Damn'd Rascal & a Scoundral, & added that I had Deceiv'd him.' "M r - Morgan.— 'Have you M r - Bacon any Evidence to prove that you Desir'd a Settlement with me at the Time you have alluded to?' "M r - Bacon. — 'I have no Evidence Present. But one Lowdon a Servant of M r - Morgan's was Present when M r - Morgan & I had the Dispute, and I think he must have heard what Pass'd.' "M r - Morgan Addressing himself to the Court Said — 'On finding that M r - Bacon had repeatedly Said, that a Certain Gentlemen had told him, (M r - Bacon) that Mr- Morgan only intended to make a Slave of him; had brought down M r - Elliott from F c - Pitt for the same pur- poses; & that neither of them wou'd ever get a Farthing for their Services; & that he (Mr- Morgan) on finding that M r - Bacon had Repeated this in many places, did then say to him, that whoever that Gentleman was who told him so, he was A Rascal & a Scoundrel, & beg'd of Mr- Bacon to tell him so.' "M r - Bacon. — 'Did you not Mr- Morgan send for Mr- Elliott & Consult with him about taking the whole of my Stock into his hands, & told him at the same time what BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 301 an advantageous matter it wou'd be to him ? And also, did you not desire Mr- Elliott to find out if Possible what Sum I wou'd take to leave the Plantation?' "M r - Morgan. — 'I did propose to M r - Elliott to purchase M r - Bacon's Stock, finding him intirely Discontented & Cou'd not Divine for what? and I also added to Mr- Elliott, that I wou'd advance the money for the purchase if him (Mr. Elliott) & Mr. Bacon cou'd agree.' "M r - Morgan to M r - Bacon. — 'Did you not hear me give particular Orders for you to be Supply'd with a Copy of your accounts before I left the Illinois Country in 1769?' "M r - Bacon.*— 'I heard you tell M r - Brown to Supply me with the Copys of my Accounts, but M r - Brown never sent them [to] me.'. "M r - Morgan. — 'Did I not Settle Accounts with you at the Plantation in May or June 1769, & in Presence of Mr- Brown after every Article you objected to in the Account?' " M r - Bacon. — ' M r - Morgan Did respecting the Fort Chartres Acco ts: only. I do not remember that the Kas- kaskia Acco ts - was Examined at that Time. And I think it was only my Private Acco 1 : that was Examined.' Upon this M r - Morgan laid his Books before the Court. By Said Books it appear'd that a great many Articles had been Alter'd both in his Publick & private Accounts. The Court gave Mr. Bacon by the request of Mr- Morgan a Copy of every Article in his Accounts to which he had. made the least kind of objection, & desir'd him to make what alteration he thought proper — with this Remark^-' I am determined not to differ with you Mr- Bacon, altho you have used many unbecoming means in order to force me to it' "The Court after Examining the whole of the Accounts between Mr- Morgan & Mr- Bacon, in which it Appear'd that Mr- Morgan had granted every Indulgence, & even had Indulged Mr- Bacon with making many of the Charges 302 EARLY ILLINOIS. himself, thought proper to adjourn till to morrow morning Nine of the Clock, in Order to give M r - Bacon & his Friends Sufficient time to Recollect themselves. The Court being Determin'd to Examine into the Source of Every matter Exhibited by either Party." "September the 25 th - 1770. The Court agreeable to adjournment met this morning at nine of the Clock. When M r - Bacon Produc'd the Annex'd Paper, which was Read in Court by the Judge Advocate, all Parties Present, [:] "Representations" by Mr. Bacon. "Gentlemen of the Court, in order to save you much Trouble, & that nothing may be Omitted I may think of Consequence to my Case, I have transmitted my thoughts again to paper. What I Set forth in my Petition respect- ing M r - Elliott is that he was Settled to my Prejudice, that is, his Vicinity & the Encouragement given to him by Mr- Morgan is of great disservice to me, and Absolutely Con- tradictory to the intent Purport & honest meaning of the 4 th Article of our Agreement, whereby he is oblig'd to buy all Stock requir'd by me & in every respect to do his utmost to promote the Interest of said Plantation. Where- as on the Contrary he has Settled a man just under my Nose & made it his Business to deprive me of my Cus- tomers to serve him. "It is plain & Evident to any Impartial person, that it was impossible for me to make anything without Every Effort of M""- Morgan, or I Shou'd never have agreed to Cede the Improvements and Everything at the Expiration of the Term. With respect to the land — there is no Spot or quantity mention'd in the Articles. It was Equal to me where, how much or how little if Sufficient for my present purpose, & it is not to be Suppos'd that I wou'd go and improve upon another man's land if I knew it; the land mention'd in the Articles is said to be in the Grand Prairie, BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 303 whereas my Improvements are for the greatest part not in the Prairie, Chiefly on the west side thereof & butt upon the Roches, where it is not to be suppos'd I wou'd have Settled had I not been told by Mr- Morgan : he at the same time gave me leave to build upon either one side of the Roches or the other which wou'd have taken in near Twenty Acres of Land, I still think M r - Winston highly necessary to be Call'd upon relative to what I said yesterday, & do with Submission ask it as a favor of this honble Court, that I may be allow'd to Call upon such Evidences as may be necessary to Corroborate what ever I have Asserted. "Mr. Morgan might Assert with some small degree of Truth, I will allow, that he wou'd give up his Share of the plantation for what it Cost him, meaning I Suppose agreeable to the Acco ts: Stated between him & me. But the Gentlemen of the Court will please to Consider that he has already made his money by furnishing & Stocking said Farm, & might think himself well off if he got good & immediate payment for his part thereof. At present however that is not so Easily Reconcl'd either, Because M^ Elliott declar'd to me that Mr. Morgan had told him we had Clear'd 9000 Livres the first year. If sq, the de- crease of Expence and Increase of Stock & additional Improvements must Certainly Add greatly to the annual Product. "To Convince you Gentlemen that tho I was immedi- ately dissatisfied with the Settlement of Mr- Elliott, and that I am not so difficult to please, I told Mr- Morgan at the Commencement of this Affair that I wou'd much rather quit the plantation & Settle Another piece of Ground than remain there: upon which he ask'd me what I wou'd do with my Cattle & Stock; I told him I, wou'd leave 'em with Mr. Elliott, and wou'd Accept of what he thought proper to allow me for my Industry. The answer he made was, that would not do, & desir'd me to walk to Mr- Elliott's & desire him to leave that place. 304 EARLY ILLINOIS. "These Assertions of' mine Gentlemen I think of weight to me & it is the place of M r - Morgan to disprove them or they must hold Good. "Among other things I have to mention, from among the Cattle which came from Post S l - Vincent, he took four or five of the Cows & kept them all Summer, after which he return'd them to me in a very poor Condition, & he fre- quently sends for Cattle for his own use, & orders in favor of other people at what price he thinks proper, & pur- chases in the same manner without ever Consulting with me at all upon the Subject. "He has at present a Negro belonging to the plantation at his own house at Kaskaskias which he detains; but what is most Notorious that he is now in possession of an Ox Charg'd to the plantation last year among the 26 head of Cattle which I receiv'd from Post S*- Vincent which as yet' he has made no mention of to me. Now if this is true •what wou'd such a Clandestine detention amount to in any other man, & a poor one too. "I Came to the Knowledge of this matter by means of M r - Elliott who Inform'd me, upon asking, if such an ox as that was amongst the number come from the Post, told me that by the discription it was the same, & that Mr- Morgan offer'd him all the Cattle but that & one more which he intended to kill, at the same Time he told M r - Elliott that if he attempted to take that Ox to the Plan- tation he wou'd run away from him ; upon this M r - Elliott ask'd him if the Ox had ever been there before, in answer to which M^ Morgan replied that he had not, for that in Attempting to drive him there he ran away; besides this, Gentlemen, I have seen the Ox myself, & am Certain of its being the same. "Mr. Morgan, Gentleman, has too or three times tnen- tion'd yt he knew I was advis'd, by which he wou'd Seem to. intimate that I was insensible of my own Injury, & that BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 305 some officious medling & Malignant person had urg'd me to these Steps. Wherefore in Common Justice to the Suspected I do hereby declare, that I was from my feel- ings as a man & a consciousness of the ill treatment I met with resolv'd & did Communicate my Sentiments to M^ Morgan unadvis'd in any respect whatsoever; Nay the Personal abuse alluded to in my Petition was given me before I Communicated any Particular Circumstances relative thereto, & till then did not think matters wou'd have become so Serious. "I shall in the Course of the proceedings answer any further questions the Court may think proper to ask me & Explain whatever may not appear Clear or Satisfactory. (Sign'd) Richard Bacon."* "M r - Bacon also presented to the Court a Copy of the Articles he, (M r - Bacon,) had made objections to, and which was furnish'd him by the Court the preceding day by particular desire of M r - Morgan, without having made any Alteration whatever therein, but Submitted the Charges to the Determination of the Court; The Court, after weighing, & maturely Considering every Charge, after allowing M r - Bacon every Indulgence Possible De- ducted the Sum of Two Hundred & Seventy Livres which Sum M r - Morgan readily agreed to give M r - Bacon Credt- for, & gave him Credit for said Sum accordingly in his Books, before the Court. M r - Morgan addressing himself to the Court, said he was much concern'd, that M r - Bacon had not pointed ojut those Charges before, as he wou'd willingly have made Deductions wherever M""- Bacon thought himself Aggriev'd, or overcharg'd, . and observ'd that most of the Charges which Mr- Bacon objected to were made in his Absence, which Observation Appeared manifestly authentick by M'- Morgan's Books. * Endorsed: "The Copy of Representation of matters deliver'd to the Court by Mr. Bacon the 25th Septr: 1770. No. 2." 306 EARLY ILLINOIS. "M r - Bacon desir'd that M r - Croghan shou'd be Examin'd, with respect to the Overcharge of Two Horses, Two Oxen, & one cart & Geers, which M r ' Morgan had Charg'd him (Mr. Bacon) Eighteen Hundred Livres for. "M r - Croghan, being ask'd by M r - Bacon whether La Source did not offer him a pair of Horses & a Cart & Gears for one Thousand Livres — Answered — 'La Source did offer me a pair of Horses and a Cart & Geers for one Thousand Livres,. and at the same Time hinted that he wou'd be glad to get a Negro for said Horses &c, & pay the difference.' "Another Article that M r - Bacon objected to, was a Charge of Three Thousand & Eighty Livres, Charg'd by M r - Morgan for Twenty Six Head of Cattle, Brought, & Deliver' d him at the Plantation from Post S l - Vincent. "The Court desir'd M r - Winston (Looking upon him as a Judge of those Matters) to give his opinion regarding the prices M r - Morgan had Char'd M r - Bacon for said Cattle. M r - Winston, after Examining the' particular prices Charged by M r - Morgan for the Twenty Six head of Cat- tle Complain'd of by M r - Bacon said, that, he thought at the Time they were bought by M r - Morgan, the' Charges were very moderate, Viz. at one hundred & Twenty Li- vres p r - head for Cows, & One hundred & Fifty Livres for Bullocks, three years Old and upwards; which was [what] M r - Morgan had Charg'd M r - Bacon, as appear'd by Mr- Morgan's Books. M r - Winston observ'd to the Court, that he Spoke from Experience, having often bought Cattle at Post S 1 - Vincent, & knew the Risque and trouble of get- ting them drove to the Illinois: — and adds, — T have my- self paid One hundred & fifty Livres p'"- head in Specie, at Post St.Vincent for a drove of Twenty two Oxen, many of 'em not above Three years old, and two only that was full grown Bullocks,' and Notwithstanding the Expence of driving them from thence to the Illinois, they afforded him A Reasonable profit. BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 307 "Question proposed by Mr. Bacon to Mr- Morgan:— 'You '11 be so kind Mr. Winston to relate to the Court what pass'd between Mr. Morgan & me at the plantation, in the latter end of May 1769, when talking about the improve- ments of said Plantation?' "Mr. Winston.— 'All that I remember is, that Mr- Bacon was proposing to Mr. Morgan, of breaking up, or Plowing a Piece of land, to the Eastward of the Land already occupied— Mr. Morgan Reply'd, that he thought it was too late in the Season — that he had no objection to the proposal, & recommended him to proceed.' Mr. Win- ston adds, that M 1 '- Bacon at the same time was talkinglo Mr. Morgan about fixing a Trough at the Spring where Mr. Elliott is now Settled, in order that he may have a Constant Supply of water for his Cattle, to which M r - Morgan gave his Assent, & observ'd, that it wou'd keep his Cattle from Rambling into the woods for want of water — Mr. Winston also observes, that he understood Mr- Bacon had leave, to occupy any Land Contiguous to the Plantation, either upon the Hill, or in the Meadow. "M r - Bacon objected against a Charge of Thirty Seven Livres, Ten Sols which M r - Morgan had Charg'd him for Five Sickles. "Upon referring to the Books of M r - Morgan the Court found the Charge was made in his Absence by M r . Tanley — Tanley being sent-for, Said, he never Charg'd M r - Bacon otherwise, than at the Common Rates & Customs of the Country — the Court was then Clear'd. "And after having' well Consider'd this .matter, Unani- mously Agreed to allow the Charge of, Thirty seven Li- vres, Ten Sols for the five Sickles as it appear'd in Mr- Morgan's Books. The Court Admitted all Parties. "Mr- Bacon, then Objected to a Charge made by Mr- Morgan, of One Hundred & Sixty Livres for Two Hoggs, Bought from One, Goho, & Sent to M r - Bacon's Plantation. 308 , EARLY ILLINOIS. M r - Bacon Observing that he is Positive he never Receiv'd said Two Hoggs nor does he know anything of them. "M r - Morgan beg'd Leave to refer to his Books, & Mr- Brown being Call'd upon who Keeps M r - Morgan's Books, (& in whose hand writing this Charge was made) Says, that he Cou'd Almost Swear to the Varacity & Correct- ness of M r - Morgan's Books, & also says that he is well Convinc'd M r - Bacon wou'd not have been Charg'd with the Two Hoggs in question, had he not receiv'd them. As the Entries in the different Books was Extreamly Clear, & without any kind of Erasement the Court Admitted the Charge without Deduction. Mr- Bacon, by a Paper De- liver'd to the Court this morning (which is herewith Annex'd) Complains of M r - Morgan Detaining at Kaskas- kia a Negroe man that belong'd to the Plantation. Mr. Morgan, Addressing himself to the Court Says that the Negroe man alluded to by M r - Bacon, had run away from him (M r - Bacon) several times & Said it was owing to the Barbarous treatment he had at Different times Receiv'd from M r - Bacon, & had Declar'd to him (M r - Morgan) that he wou'd never live with M r - Bacon. M r - Mogan proceeds, & Says, that in the month of June 1769, said Negroe ran away, and Stayd Some days — Upon being found, and an attempt being made to Secure him, He Stabbed himself in Two places, and Declar'd Again that he wou'd Sooner kill himself than go back to Bacon. But he wou'd live with any other Person, & Shou'd be glad to be Sold to any of the French people. He However was Seiz'd upon, bound & Brought to Fort Chartres, where Doctor Thomason, at- tended him, and made A Cure of his wounds. He was then prevailed upon to go back to live with M^ Bacon & Continued with him till near Christmas when he again ran away from the Plantation, & was found in the Month of June or July last, by the Kaskaskia Indians, who was out upon a Praire a Hunting about one hundred Miles from . BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 309 the Village of Kaskaskia. Said Negroe was then almost Dead; had no arms with him of any kind, but a knife Diet as well as Cloathing by which means I have almost restor'd to his wonted health. But notwithstanding this he Still Declares, that he'll Destroy himself shou'd he be sent back, to the Plantation. — And Also Says — that the Indians that brought said Negroe to me, Demanded of me Four hundred Dollars. But since that time they have consented to take one hundred & Fifty Dollars, which Sum they now have of mine in their hands & do retain it on that ace 1 - I therefore intend that said Negroe shall be sold at Publick Vendue for the benefit of the Plantation — this M r - Bacon Agreed* to. The Court adjourns till to morrow morning Nine of the Clock when all Parties with their Evidences will Attend." "Wednesday September 26* 1770. The Court Pursu- ant to adjournment met this morning at Nine of the Clock, but cou'd not proceed to business, as M r - Morgan & Evidences did not appear, therefore Adjourrt'd till to mor- row morning at Nine of the Clock, being Thursday the 27th of September." "Thursday September the 27th 1770. The Court met this morning at nine of the Clock pursuant to adjournmt- M r - Bacon deliverd a written paper to the Court which is herewith annex'd & which the Judge Advocate Read Publickly in Court, all Parties being Present, [as follows:] 310 EARLY ILLINOIS. "Representations" by Mr. Bacon. "Gentlemen-^ With all defference and respect'I must once more Entreat your forgiveness in observing that the point- ing out the Bounds of M r - Morgan's purchase of Seven Acres can have nothing to do with the nature of my Com- plaint. In the first place, there is no bounds mention'd in the Articles, and M r - Morgan never pointed out this place to me before; -bad he told me to have Cultivated that Spot at first I shou'd Certainly have done it & not have thrown away my time & labour upon a place which at that Time at least did not belong to him, Notwithstanding this I again declare that he told me to built & Improve where I have. "With respect to the General Charges of the Slave either of Fort Chartres or Kaskaskias I dont urge that as a matter of Consequence, tho M r - Morgan is a great gainer thereby, I allude to Some Particular & Extraordinary ones, purchases made by that Gentleman. " M""- Tanley no doubt Charg'd me as he did other people & had a view naturally to the Interest of his Employers, he himslf cou'd reap no benefit thereby, In Short may it please this Honourable Court I have said & deliver'd in writing all that I have at present to Say upon the Subject, which you will no doubt take inta your Con- sideration & Submit the Same to your Impartial Judg- ment. Concluding with this declaration that I shah Come To no Compromise with M>- Morgan, who tho he pretends to Say he will yet make things Satisfactory, has as I have observ'd before put me off from time to time & abus'd me for Demands So Just and reasonable. "With respect to the Indians owing Mr- Morgan Money I see no Reason why my property Shou'd Suffer in Secur- ing it. "One Frederick Dunfield a Butcher came from Mr- Morgan's to the plantation to kill some Oxen for me, & BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 311 told me that he had kill'd some Cattle for M>- Morgan. I ask'd him where he got them, he told me from Beauvais, I ask'd him what Sort of Cattle they were, he told me that one was a very large Ox that had a piece of wood on his horns, & that the others was a Black Cow, & a black and white Cow, — About four or five months after I went Down to Settle with Mr- Morgan & in the Credit of his aceo*- I did not See the Above Cattle Enter'd, & then Immedi- ately told him that he had not given me Credit for all the Cattle he had kil'd; he ask'd me what Cattle they were; I told him some of them he bought of Beauvais, he told me he had never kil'd one of them, I desird him to let Mr. Brown go with me to Mr- Beauvais & perhaps they might know Something about them, which he did & they told him M r - Morgan had kill'd the Ox with the wood on his horn, & as to the Cow or any more they knew nothing About; We went back to M r - Morgan & told him what they had told us, upon that Mr- Morgan gave Credit for the Ox, & the Cow was Set down Stray'd. "I am Gentlemen with many unfeign'd thanks for the trouble you have had in this Affair, with the utmost respect. Your most Oblig'd & most Obed'- humble Servant. Sign'd Richl>- Bacon."* "In a Paper Deliver'd to the Court by Mr- Bacon the 25thSeptem r - He there Complains of An Ox, which Mr- Morgan had Detain'd from him in the following words — 'but what is most notorious is that he is now in Posses- sion of An Ox Charg'd to the plantation last Year Among the Twenty Six head of Cattle which I receiv'd from Post S 1 - Vincent, which as yet .he has made no mention of to me, now if this is true, what woud Such a Clandestine Detention, Amount to in Any Other Man — and a Poor one too.' * "The Copy of Representation of Matters Deliver'd to the Court the 27th September 1770. (Sign'd) Richard Bacon, No. 3." 21-34-6 312 EARLY ILLINOIS.^ "Question propos'd by the. Court to Mr- Bacon: — 'Did You M r - Bacon point out the Ox Complain'd of? or Did you ever Demand him of M r - Morgan?' "Mr- Bacon. — 'No, — I never did.' "Court.— 'Did you Mr- Bacon ever hear that Mr- Mor- gan used means or endeavour'd to use Means to Conceal this Ox from you?' "M r - Bacon. — 'By no other way, than by what M r - Elli- ott told me. ' "Court. — 'M r - Elliott please relate to the Court, what you know, Concerning the Ox Alluded to by M r - Bacon, & which is now in Possession of M r - Morgan?' "Mr. Elliott. — 'I went down by M r - Morgan's request to Kaskaskia to Look at some Cattle which M r - Morgan pro- pos'd Selling to me. Among the Cattle there was one which M r - [Morgan] Excepted, as he said he Imagin'd he wou'd run away, as he had already made his Escape twice from [those] he had Appointed to drive him. Some little Time after I came home to my plantation, M r - Bacon came there & Describ'd a Number of Cattle which he had lost, and amongst them One, very much like the Ox above ex- cepted by M r - Morgan, I told Mr- Bacon, that it was very probable, that this might be the X . Especially as Mr. Morgan excepted Selling of him. I also hear'd, but not from Mr- Morgan, that Mr- Morgan intended, to kill Said Ox.' "Court to M r - Bacon. — 'Did you M r - Bacon, in Conse- quence of the Information given you by M r - Elliott, go down to Kaskaskia to Inquire After this Ox of Mr- Morgan?' "Mr. Bacon. — 'I went down to see if it was the Same Ox but did not Inquire after him.' "Court. — 'Where was the Ox when you saw him?' "M r - Bacon.— 'He was in the Yard with the rest of the Cattle.' "Court. — 'Where do you apprehend, Mr- Bacon, the Ox was when you first went to look after him?' BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 313 "Mr- Bacon.— 'I don't know.' "Court. — 'What time of the day was it, when you first went to look After the 'Ox?' "M r - Bacon. — 'It was about an hour and a half or two hours before Sun Set.' "Court. — 'When you knew the Ox to be yours, Mr- Bacon, why did you not demand him of M r - Morgan?' "M r - Bacon. — 'The Reason I did not demand him, was, that I had found Colonel Wilkins had ordered a Court of Inquiry to Sit to Settle matters between M r - Morgan & me;' "Mr- Morgan Address'd himself to the Court & Said, that when Ensign Hutchins & Ens. Richardson was at my house, at Kaskaskia, whither or not they think I took pains to Conceal that Ox; on the Contrary, if he was not always with the rest of the Cattle; and as he was a very Fat Ox, if all of us were not making remarks upon him ? "Ensign Hutchins, & Ens: Richardson, said — that they saw that Ox in Common with the others & that they were making Remarks with M r - Morgan on his Fatness: — and Ens: Hutchins adds that he understood him to be a Run away, he (Ens: Hutchins) advis'd M r - Morgan to kill him, as he was in such high Condition. On which M r - Morgan said he wou'd. Ens. Richardson observ'd that M 1 "- Morgan told him, he had made a Calculation, to find, if he cou'd be dispos'd of at Kaskaskia & Sent his Brother in Law M r - Boynton to sound the Inclination of the French People — but as they were not dispos'd to Buy, was under the necessity of letting him Run." M r - Morgan observ'd to the Court, that on Mr- Bacon Delivering the Annex'd paper to the Court, wherein he Complains' heavily of him (Mr- Morgan) Detaining the Ox in Question, he went down to Kaskaskia to Inquire into the Truth of it, he being entirely Ignorant of the matter, it being the first time that ever Mr- Bacon mention'd the 314 EARLY ILLINOIS. matter to him. Upon Inquiring of a French Man who brought him from Post S f - Vincent, He found that the Ox had been deliver'd to M r - Bacon at the Plantation; Mr- Morgan proceeds & Says — 'I therefore intend to Sell him for the most I can get, or take him on my own Account & give the Plantation Credit for the Value.' "Mr- Bacon to Mr- Brown. — 'Did Mr. Brown never tell Mr- Morgan, that I had lost Cattle, & that they were Stray'd to Post St- Vincent?' "Mr- Brown. — 'I told Mr- Morgan, that Mr- Bacon had lost Seven or Eight Cattle, out of the Twenty Six head of Cattle he had receiv'd . from Post S l - Vincent & Several Others.' "Mr. Bacon. — 'Whether you Mr. Brown did not tell me, that this very Ox in Question had Stray'd to Post St. Vin- cent?' "Mr. Brown. — T do not remember [that] I did. I did not particularize any Ox.' "Mr. Bacon. — 'What is the reason, Mr. Morgan, on your Receiving the last drove of Cattle from Post St. Vincent you did not acquaint me of it particularly, when you knew you had receiv'd all the Cattle but four that were Missing?' "Mr, Morgan. — T Knew that you Mr. Bacon cou'd be no Stranger to their Arrival, as it was Notorious, thro the Country, Also I had Seen Mr. Bacon Viewing of the Cattle on Saturday the 22d Instant, which was the first time I had Seen Mr. Bacon after their Arrival.' "Mr. Bacon to Mr. Elliott. — 'Did I not tell you Mr. Elliott, that I had lost Several Cattle, & that I heard one of them had Stray'd to Post St. Vincent?' "Mr. Elliott— 'Yes, you did tell me so.' "Mr. Bacon to Anto. Renaue. — 'How many head of Cattle was it, that Mr. Morgan Order'd you to bring from Post St. Vincent, the last time you went there?' "Anto: Renaue.— T had orders from Mr. Morgan, to BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 315 bring all the Cattle I cou'd find of His. I found Ten which I brought & heard that four had died.' "Bacon. — 'Did you understand that Fourteen Cattle was all that Mr. Morgan had at Post St. Vincent?' "Anto: Renaue.-^-T understood from the people that deliver'd them to me that Mr. Morgan had no more than fourteen head of Cattle at Post St. Vincent. One of the Ten above mention'd was Drown'd in Crossing the Kas- kaskia River.' "Mr. Bacon to Mr. Morgan.— 'Did you Mr. Morgan never hear, or receive any Account of the Two Cows Charg'd to the plantation, which you bought from Madam Nichola?' "Mr. Morgan. — 'I Dont Recollect I ever did, but it shall be Enquir'd into & Justice done.' "Mr. Bacon to Antoine LaSource. — 'What Value do you put on the two Oxen, Two Horses, & one Cart & Gears; at the time that Mr. Morgan made the Exchange with you for a Negroe?' "Monsr. LaSource. — T fix'd no particular Value oft the Two Oxen, Two Horses, & Cart & Gears. But Excang'd them with Mr. Morgan for a Negroe, which negroe I had my Choice of from four or five, or more.' "Mr. Bacon. — 'Did you Monsr. LaSource look upon the Negroe you Receiv'd from Mr. Morgan, to be a Sound Negroe, & in health, & worth Eighteen hundred Livres?' "Monsr. LaSource. — T had him Examin'd by Monsr. Bluen. I look'd upon tiim as a Sound good Negroe, and well worth Eighteen hundred Livres, as Negroes Com- monly Sold at that time for Two Thousand Livres.' "Mr. Morgan to LaSource. — 'Please relate to the Court Monsr. La Source, how this Negroe turn'd out, and how you are now pleas'd with him?' "Monsr. La Source. — T never wou'd desire a better Negroe than he has turn'd out to be, and am now Ex- 316 EARLY ILLINOIS. treamly well pleas'd with the bargain I made with Mr. Morgan.' "Mr. Bacon to Monsr. La Source. — 'What Age was the Cattle, and what did you value them at, that Mr. Morgan got from you for the Negroe?' "Monsr. La Source. — 'I Cannot put A Value upon them at this Time as I put no value upon them at the Time I agreed with Mr. Morgan. I Exchang'd them for a Negroe with Mr. Morgan which he likewise set no Value Upon. The Cattle was between three & four years old.' "Mr. Bacon to Mons. La Source. — 'Did you not Monsr. LaSourse pay Mr. Morgan some difference regarding the Exchange you made with him for the Negroe?' "Monsr. La Source.— 'No. Nothing at all. But on the Contrary Mr. Morgan gave me One Hundred & Fifteen Livres & a Side of Tanned Leather Value Thirty Livres.' "This appears to be a very just & Impartial Account of the matter, as appears by Mr. Morgan's Books, also by a Bill of Sale & Receipt which is as follows: '"I Certify that I have Bought & Receiv'd of Monsr. Antoine La Source Two Oxen, Two Horses with a Cart & Gears, for which I have paid and deliverd to him one Male Negroe & one hundred & Fifteen Livres on account. 30th April 1768. Geo. Morgan.' "By a Paper deliver'd to the Court this morning which is herewith Annex'd, & which was Publickly Read by the Judge Advocate, All Parties being present; Mr. Bacon there Says — 'Mr. Morgan, who, tho he pretends to say, he will yet make things Satisfactory, has as I have observ'd before, put me off from time to time and Abus'd me for Demands so Just and Reasonable.' Three letters being produc'd in Court by Mr. Bacon, Wrote to him by Mr. Morgan. Said Letters by the request of Mr. Bacon were Publickly read in Court by the Judge Advocate. It ap- pear'd to the Court that they abounded with the most BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 317 wholesome & Good advice to Mr. Bacon; and Clearly indicated that Mr. Morgan wish'd to Settle the Plantation Accots. with him as soon as Possible. "Mr. Morgan inform'd the Court that Mr. Elliott was present when he Impress'd a Settlement of Accounts with Mr. Bacon, & desir'd that Mr. Elliott wou'd relate to the •Court what he heard pass between them — Mr. Morgan & Mr. Bacon. "Mr. Elliott Says, that he was at Mr. Bacon's one Even- ing with Mr. Morgan, about three weeks or a month after he arriv'd in this Country. He heard Mr. Morgan and Mr. Bacon talking about the Cattle they had lost, & that Mr. Morgan Said to Mr. Bacon, that he shou'd not be Easy, before he knew how the Accounts of the Plantation stood. Mr. Elliott adds, that he told Mr. Bacon, that he heard Mr. Morgan Say, that if any of the Articles in the Accounts between Mr. Bacon & him were overcharg'd, he shoud be very happy to rectify them, and make every allowance to Mr. Bacon that was reasonable. The Court adjourns on Acct. of Ens. Conolly being taken Sick, till nine oclock to morrow morning." "Friday the 20th September 1770. The Court met agreeable to adjournment & on account of some of the Members being Sick, The Court is adjourn'd till Monday next the 1st of October, when they will meet at nine of the Clock." "Monday the 1st of October 1770. The Court met this day pursuant to adjournment at 9 of the Clock. Mr. Bacon Observ'd to the ■ Court that in Consequence of a Letter he had receiv'd from Mr. Morgan, desiring him '(Mr. Bacon) to send Mr. Morgan, an Exact State of the Stock, utensils of Husbandry &c; on the plantation: — That he (Mr. Bacon) on Receiving said Letter did send an Inventory of every thing on the plantation about Six Weeks ago; and that he went sometime afterwards on 318 EARLY ILLINOIS. purpose to obtain a Settlem't with Mr. Morgan, but coud riot accomplish it. "Mr. Morgan says in answer to what Mr. Bacon hath above asserted, That Mr. Bacon did come down to Kas- kaskia, but he never Asked or Demanded A Settlement with him. "Mr. Bacon to Mr. Elliott. — 'Did not you understand that when you and I went down to Kaskaskia, about three weeks or a month ago, that I went on purpose to Settle Accots. with Mr. Morgan?' "Mr. Elliott. — 'I heard you Say so. But at the Same time I understood from Mr. Morgan, that you ask'd nor demanded no Settlement with him.' "Mr. Morgan. — 'Did you Mr. Elliott hear Mr. Bacon request to Settle Accots. with me?' "Mr. Elliott— 'I did not' "Mr. Morgan.— 'Did I not Mr. Bacon on or about the 1 2th of September last ask you whether or not you had brought your Books or accounts in order to have a Settle- ment?' "Mr. Bacon. — 'You did, the day after I lodged my Complaint with Colo. Wilkins, I at the same time told you that I did not think it worth my while to bring the accounts down, having used me so ill Some time before.' "Mr. Bacon to Mr. Elliott. — 'Do you not think it is of great prejudice to me, that you are Settled so near me?' "Mr. Elliott.— 'I Dont think that I can be of the least prejudice to you unless the land I am Settled upon belongs to your Plantation. — if this is the Case I must be of great prejudice to you.' "Bacon to Elliott. — 'Did you not hear Mr. Morgan ask me where his land terminated towards the East, in the Grand Prairie?' "Mr. Elliott. — 'I heard Mr. Morgan ask Mr„ Bacon where the bounds of the land was, but whither Mr. Morgan said BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 319 our Lands, or his Lands, I cannot Recollect. Mr. Bacon pointed to a bunch of Trees, which stands in the Grand Prairie, and said that was the place which you (meaning- Mr. Morgan) told me was the Boundaries on that quarter sometime before.' "Mr. Morgan Observes to the Court that the Bunch of Trees which Mr. Bacon alludes to, is the Estern Boundary of his Second Purchase. "Mr. Morgan produc'd to the Court a Recorded Deed Dated the 10th of March 1760, for the plantation on which he Settled Mr. Bacon; by which it appears that said plan- tation contains no more than Seven Square Acres in Front. "Mr. Bacon being ask'd by the Court, whether he had any more questions to propose, or any more Evidences to Examine : — Answd: he had not. "Mr. Morgan to Mr. Elliott. — 'Did I not express my Surprise at Mr. Bacon, for Building his Barn where he has, during my Absence, the first time you & I went to the Plantation, after our Arrival in the Illinois?' "Mr. Elliott. — 'You did, and also said, that Mr. Bacon must put a Value upon the Improvements, as that was the Land you intended to Settle me upon.' "Mr. Morgan Desires that the^ Court will allow Mr. Elli- ott to relate, what Mr. Bacon told him relative to what a Certain Gentleman told Mr. Bacon about Mr. Morgan bringing him (Mr. Elliott) to this Country on purpose to Enslave him, as well as he had already done Mr. Bacon; & if said, Certain Gentleman had not declar'd, that neither he [Mr. Bacon] nor Mr. Elliott wou'd ever get a Six pence for their Labour; and also what Proposals you receiv'd from said Certain Gentleman, by Mr. Bacon. "Mr. Elliott. — 'Sometime after I came to this Country, I happen'd to Call upon Mr. Bacon. Walking with him in the Garden Mr. Bacon told me that Mr. Rumsey had been 320 EARLY ILLINOIS. with him sometime before, & told him that he wou'd not make so much of the Plantation as he might Imagine — that when his accounts came to be Settled, that he wou'd have but a very Small Balance to receive &c ; Mr. Bacon told me that Mr. Rumsey had Enquir'd of. him on what Terms I was Settled on the Lands I now Occupy. Mr. Bacon told him he did not know, Mr. Rumsey answd. that Mr. Morgan's Intention was only to get Some Work out of me, and that was all I need to Expect. Mr. Bacon at the same time Seem'd to think, that what Mr. Rumsey might have said, might be merely out of Pique or resent- ment to Mr. Morgan, as he was Informd they had, had some Difference sometime before.' '"Mr. Bacon & I had a good deal of discourse concerning this matter, & mutually agreed not to pay attention to Such reports, till we had some more substantial proofs of Mr. Morgan's Designs against us: Mr. Elliott also Says that about two weeks ago Mr. Bacon Came to him, with a Verbal message from Colonel Wilkins — telling him that Colo. Wilkins desir'd I woud leave the Plantation Immedi- ately, Mr. Morgan having no right to Settle me thereon. I had not an Oportunity of waiting immediately on Colo- nel Wilkins. Mr. Bacon Came to me tob days after, & told me that he had come with a Second Verbal message from Colo. Wilkins & that the Colonel desir'd him to tell me, that he had done me the honour to warn me A Second time, to leave the Plantation; and that if I did not remove Instantly, he (the Colonel) wou'd send a party of Soldiers & take what property I had from me. Mr. Bacon likewise told me, that he had Seen an Order in writing from Colo- nel Wilkins in the Possession of Mr. Rumsey to turn me off said Plantation. Mr. Bacon also told me a few days before that he had seen a permission in writing that Colo. Wilkins had given to Mr. Rumsey, Sign'd by the Colo's, own hand, giving him full possession of the Lands I am BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. . 32 1 now Settled upon — And that this permission extended to A Run about half a mile East from where I am Settled, to another Run, on the west of where Mr. Bacon lives, on the Land towards the Back of the Roches. I asked Mr. Bacon if he was Certain of this. He answerd me — that he was Very Certain, for he had the permission in his hand (writing] & that he read it.' '"Mr. Bacon likewise acquainted me that Mr. Rumseyhad asked of him, if ever he had told me, that he (Mr. Rum- sey) was in possession of Such an Order or Permission. Mr. Bacon told Mr. Rumsey that he had not Spoke to me About it. Mr. Rumsey then told Mr. Bacon that he might tell me, that he (Mr. Rumsey) had such an Order, or Per- mission in his possession. Mr. Rumsey at the same time it seems Express'd his Concern for my being put to So much Inconvenience & Distress, & said that he wou'd do me the favour to Apply to Colonel Wilkins for any Tract of Land that was not already possessed; and that as I had Come into the Country, on purpose to Settle, that he wou'd fur- nish me with money, or any Necessarys that I requir'd till Such Time as I cou'd Conveniently pay him.' "Mr. Morgan to Mr. Elliott. — 'Was this proposal made by Mr. Rumsey, thro the Channel of Mr. Bacon, Since Mr. Bacon Lodged the Camplaint Against me with Colonel Wilkins?' "Mr. Elliott— 'Yes — I understood that Mr. Bacon had Lodged a Complaint against you with Colonel Wilkins.' "Mr. Bacon, Observ'd to the Court, that after he had deliver'd the Colonel's Letter to Mr. Morgan at Kaskaskia, In Returning from hence he met Mr. Elliott, after having some Conversation together Concerning Colo. Wilkins's turning him off the Plantation &c; He told Mr. Elliott, that Mr. Rumsey had a Plantation, and that he des'rd to say that Mr. Rumsey would Settle him upon it; or if he wou'd apply to Colonel Wilkins he made no doubt that 322 EARLY ILLINOIS. Colo. Wilkins wou'd. Mr. Bacon denys that he ever told Mr. Elliott that he Saw an Order from Colonel Wilkins giving Mr. Rumsey Possession of said Land; But that Mr. Rumsey told him he had "an order from Colo. Wilkins to take Possession of the Lands Mr. Elliott is now Settled upon. "Mr. Morgan Observes to the Court, that as Mr. Bacon, has given it under his hand, that he will come to no Com- promise with him, and has also verbally declar'd, that if he did not obtain the Satisfaction he wish'd for, from this Court, he wou'd make the most he cou'd by the Plantation, & leave every thing in such a Huggermugger way, that He (Mr. Morgan) wou'd never be able to make anything by it. He therefore humbly presumes to hope, that this Court will Oblige Mr. Bacon to find some kind of Secur- ity for the true Performance of his Agreement with him, as pr. Annex'd Articles of Agreement. "Mr. Bacon Denies saying that he wou'd leave the plan- tation in the bad way represented above, or in any other way. "Mr. Morgan Desires that Ens: Hutchins will relate to the Court, what he heard Mr. Bacon Say, when he (Mr. Morgan) propos'd to him, to Appoint Two Gentlemen to Settle their Affairs, and that he, (Mr. Morgan) wou'd go to any place Mr. Bacon wou'd Appoint, and take his Books along with him. "Mr. Hutchins Informs the Court that he heard Mr. Bacon Say that he wou'd leave it to no other Person but Colonel Wilkins. Mr. Morgan said it was very well, tl that he wou'd Refer to the Articles of Agreement which was very Clear. Upon which Mr. Bacon reply'd — 'Is that the way you intend to Come Over me?' Upon which Mr. Morgan, said, that he Imagin'd, the Phrase had its Deriva- tion from New England being both uncommon & ungen- teel. BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. , 323 "Mr. Morgan Observes to the Court, that as Mr. Bacon has denied Some things which he has related to the Court particularly with respect to his leaving the plantation, hop'd the Court wou'd allow Mr. Elliott to point out where he has Erred. "Mr. Elliott declares that as him and Mr. Bacon were riding together, that Mr. Bacon did then Say, that he wou'd make what he Cou'd by the plantation & leave every thing in a Huggermugger Way. Mr. Morgan being on his Defence, says that he went to the Plantation with Mr. Windsor Brown and Mr. Patrick Kennedy (they both speaking French) to get the French People, from whom he purchas'd the Lands, to point out the Boundaries of said Lands. Monsr. Louviere from whose father I purchas'd the Tract of Land on which M. Bacon is now Settled, and for which Land I have produc'd Monsr. Louveire's Deed Dated the 10th March 1768 pointed the Boundaries out to us. It begins at the point of A Roche, where hath been a Lime Kiln — a few Perches from the vyest side of a Run of water, that you Cross in Entering the Grand Prairie going From Fort Chartres to Kaskaskia. Mons. Louveire Pointed, and said, it was from thence towards the East Roche Six or Seven Acres in Front, and that the same Extended from those Roches Southward to the Mississippi. He then went to Shew us how far the Seven Acres did Extend, and took us to a lane or Passage, which Mr. Bacon had left between Two Corn Fields, & said that there, or thereabout, was the Boundary which his Father had Shewn to him. Monsr. Boutelet also went with us, and informed us that the land which he sold to me, (agreeable to the Deed which I have already Shown to the Court, Dated the 15th March 1769,) began where Monsr. Louveire's Land Ended, at a run Eastward Six Acres in Front, & Shew'd us a white Elm Tree as his Eastern Boundary. "Mr. Brown, being Call'd upon by the Court, perfectly 324 . EARLY ILLINOIS. Corroborates with Mr. Morgan, in every thing he has asserted respecting the Boundaries of The Plantation. "Mr. Morgan, proceeds and Says, that he then got Mr. James Elliott and Mr. Patrick Kennedy to measure the Distance from, the first mention'd Lime Kiln to the lane pointed out by Monsr. Louveire, as the Boundaries of the Plantation purchas'd from his Father. Those Gentlemen Inform'd me, that the Distance was exactly Ninety Six Perches; and from thence to the white Elm Tree, pointed out by Monsr. Boutelet, as the Eastern Boundary of the Plantation Purchas'd from him was Fifty Eight Perches; within this last Boundary about Thirty two Perches East of the Lane Mr. Bacon has built his Barn. "Mr. Elliott, as one of the People that measur'd the Land, Declar'd that every thing that Mr. Morgan had related to the Court with regard to the measurement was Strictly true. The Court adjourns till to morrow at 9 of the Clock when all Parties will Attend." "Tuesday 2d October 1770. The Court met this morn- ing at nine of the Clock in the morning Pursuant to Adjournment. "Mr. Morgan, Produc'd to the Court the Accounts of the Plantation, Some of the Articles of which Mr. Bacon & him had mutually Agreed upon; others Mr. Bacon not being fully Satisfied about, Mr. Morgan thereupon Deliv- er'd the Accounts to Mr. Bacon, & gave him three months or what time he pleas'd to make his objections, & said that Notwithstanding it is left to the Court to Settle our matters, yet if any thing shou'd escape the Notice of the Court, it shou'd be hereafter rectify'd to Mr. Bacon's Satis- faction. "Mr. Bacon Objected to the Articles of Rum, Sugar & Tea, being Charg'd to his Private Account, he thinking those Articles shou'd be Charg'd to his Publick or Planta- tion account. BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 325 "Mr. Morgan says he never promis'd Mr. Bacon any Allowance of Rum, neither does it appear by the Articles of Agreement that Mr. Bacon is entitled to any Allow- ance. But Mr. Morgan Says if Mr. Bacon has given any of the Rum expended at the Plantation for the use of Carrying on the plantation business, he with Cheerfulness will Allow it. "The Court is of Opinion that Tea, Sugar, & Coffee, shall be Charg'd to Mr. Bacon's private account, and that such part of the Rum as appears to be Expended for the benefit of the Plantation, shall be Charg'd to that account. "Mr. Morgan, after having Examined what Evidences he thought necessary, Deliver'd to the Court his Defence in writing which was Publickly Read by the Judge Advo- cate, & which is herewith Annex'd. Sign'd Alexr. Fowler, Lieut: Acting Deputy Judge Advocate." "In Consequence of an order from Colonel John Wil- kins directing us to enquire into the affair of Mr. Richard Bacon, and George Morgan Esqr. the Court accordingly proceeded to Enquire into the many different Charges Exhibited by Mr. Bacon against Mr. Morgan; and after hearing every matter of Charge, Set forth by the Com- plainant, as well as Examining the Witnesses he Call'd upon to Support his Charges; and hearing what Mr. Mor- gan (the Defendant) had to offer in his Defense; and hav- ing well weigh'd and maturely Consider'd the Same, do think, & are unanimously of Opinion, that Mr. Bacon's Grievances seems to be altogether Ideal; that his Charges in General are of a Litigious & Captious Birth, and are by no means Supported; and that his Allegations, are alto- gether Scandalous, Groundless & malicious; and do there- fore most honourably Acquit Mr. Morgan of all & every part thereof. 326 EARLY ILLINOIS. "And he is hereby most honourably Acquitted Accord- ingly. "[Sign'd] Alex: Fowler, Lt. i oth or Royal Irish Reg't : Acting Deputy Judge Advocate Signd Lewis Wynne, Lt. Presdt: Alexr. Fowler, Lt. ^ Thos. Hutchins, Ensn : f Mero- Wm. Richardson, Ensn : j bers. Wm. Conolly, Ensn :" * ) The court, evidently from the beginning, ruled in favor of the defendant, Morgan, but the complainant, did not relinquish all hope of at least a partial redress of his grievances until on October 2, when the conclusion was reached and published which pronounced his complaint ■"altogether ideal." This was too much, and he forthwith filed his petition with the commandant for a rehearing. Whether it grew out of the present controversy or other disturbing causes, the former friendly relations existing between Colonel Wilkins and George Morgan were now undoubtedly strained. However this may have been, a new hearing was accorded Bacon and the court of enquiry was reconvened for a revision of its judgment — the colonel cal- ling attention in their order to points in the evidence in the complainant's favor which had not received, in his judg- ment, their due weight or had been overlooked by the court. The comments by the colonel, and the answers thereto, make very refreshing reading: Application for a New Hearing. "To John Wilkins Esqr., Lieut. Colo, of His Majesty's 18th or Royal Regiment of Ireland Governour & Com- mandant of the Illinois & its Dependancies: "The Remonstrance of Richd. Bacon Inhabitant, Hum- bly Sheweth, That Impressd with the deepest sense of Gratitude & respect, for your kind acquiesance in Granting * Endorsed: — "Minutes & Sentence of a Court of Enquiry on Geo: Morgan Esqr. & Richard Bacon, Commencing the 24th September 1770 & Ending 4th October following. Fort Chartres in the Country of the Illinois. " BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 327 him an Examination into the Grievances pointed out in his Petition of Septr. 1770 against Mr. Morgan; he is En- courag'd to address you by the same means with respect to the proceedings of the Court Order'd & the Surprize with which he is Struck at the nature of the Sentence or Opinion. What I have said, pointed out, & which by the proceedings Deliver'd, Sir (a perusal of which you have at my request Granted), are not disprov'd, [and] must in my poor Opinion, render an unanimous acquital of all & every part of that Gentleman's Conduct, Surprising; abstracted from the other part, wherein notwithstanding I have abso- lutely deny'd myself to have been advis'd, the Letigious & Captious Birth of my Complaints," alluding to a third person, are Call'd malicious, Groundless, & Ideal. For which reason, as I am Conscious to myself, I Can yet prove many of my Assertions (tho not already done to the Satisfaction of my Judges). I Humbly beg leave to appeal to your Judg- mt: from the said Sentence or Opinion; & that this may not appear an unreasonable demand, I hope the following reason* will render such request no more than just & equitable, & what I am bound to do in order to Exculpate myself from the reflections Cast upon my Character, as well as to do Justice to a third person who has been Vilely tho indirectly traduced by Mr. Morgan during the whole Course of the Procedure. In the first place, why this Shooting in the Dark at a person entirely unconcern'd with the matters in question, Should be admitted I must own I am not Capable of resolving. However there is such a Stress thro the whole part thereof upon this adviser of mine that I Cannot help observing, It is very little to the purpose whether I had or had not an adviser, or on the other whether it was" Mr. Rumsey or any other person, all I Contend for is this, that I am now, was & ever shall be Sensible of the Injuries I have Suffer'd & do for myself most religiously declare what must be evident from the 22-34-7 328 EARLY ILLINOIS. Nature of my Complaints, that they Cou'd proceed from no other Person but myself. "The Second remark which I most humbly Submit to your better Judgment is that pursuant to the veryTenour, Style & Nature of my aforesaid Petition is, that instead of Sticking to the Charge therein represented, Mr. Morgan has Enter'd into matters entirely foreign to the purpose, & by a useless Display of a multiplicity of Books & papers has occasion'd a Letigious Enquiry into matters that by no means set aside the facts I have exhibited which was a Breach of our Articles of Agreement, and was not attended to (nor does the same appear but where they Lean'd to Mr. Morgan's favour, allso the personal abuse which Can be prov'd to this moment tho he avoids the latter only by an insidious Expression against a third person at my Ex- pence) by Changing the mode of Expression against the Still Certain Gentleman whom he is ready to make oath of, never hinted to him any thing of the kind. "The breach of Articles is I think Still Clear & demon- strative, therefore I most humbly Entreat you Sir to Ex- amine the Same, & Judge whether or not by the Articles & the Charges (as yet unprov'd) which I deliver'd in, if I am not Injur'd by the Settlement of Mr. Elliott as well as the Encouragement given to him in Opposition to me, — who by the Tenour & meaning of the Same Cannot but be Injur'd by the Encroachment Support & Vicinity of Another. "Is it not the business of the person Accus'd Sir to dis- prove the allegations Exhibited against him by Something more than mere Declaration (even frequently faultring) and is it not necessary that some Evidences at least shou'd entirely disprove particular Charges laid against him? "The Article of the Ox & Cow bought of Monsr. Beau- vais which he kil'd & did not Credit the plantation for at that time, and my remark allso for the Cows taken for his BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. . 329 own use will Certainly render all my Charges not merely Ideal — neither do I see any thing therein which can merit altogether the Opinion of a malicious & Groundless Charge. "I had indeed many other things to relate but was so often reprov'd & told that every thing was going against me; that in absolute despair of doing myself Justice I forbore. In short I was prejudic'd disheartened & was resolv'd to give up all hopes when I waited upon you & acquaint'd your honour with the Terms in which I was address'd. Submission & Respect Govern'd me in all my Actions, But I found that to Exhibit Severe Charges (tho Facts) against so powerful an antagonist was Construed in another light. "Fourthly, In allusion to the latter part, I must now beg leave to mention the Affair of the Ox — ^said by me to be a notorious & present detention; with my remarks thereon which gave so much offence that I was told even by one of the Judges, .was a matter if not prov'd that merited the Consequences of a Civil Law Suite, upon which I made my bow, and do with the same Submission & res- pect Appeal to your Judgement whether or not that matter is Clearly disprov'd. Look I beseech you, Sir, to the Evi- dence in favor of Mr. Morgan, his Answer — How Vague & Inconclusive. "The Evidence of Mr. Brown is particularly worthy your Impartial Observations in many respect, his positive declaration respecting the Entries more so, that Gentle- man as I observ'd to you with Mr. McFee were openly in the most derisive manner exulting in every little piece of wit, which appear'd to them, so Extreamly Severe & pointed, & Exasperated me frequently in such a manner that I was much Confus'd upon the Occasion. "I forgot to mention that La Source the Frenchman Call'd upon by Mr. Morgan as an Evidence respecting the 330 EARLY ILLINOIS. Negro given for the Cart Oxen & horses, after he left the Court told Mr. Kennedy that the Negro was Sick & among the remains of the Cargo, & Mr. Elliott himself, tho ad- mitted as an Evidence notwithstanding a party Concern'd, declar'd to me before the same person that he could not but acknowledge he was a prejudice to me in his being Settled on that Land for many reasons which he gave at the same time, & Concluded by Saying that I Cou'd not blame him for it. This last Gentleman's Evidence Respect- ing a message he declar'd I deliver'd him from Mr. Rum- sey is in every Part false, Infamous & Groundless, that Gentleman never having mention'd a thing of the kind, but what is that to the purpose, had it even .been true it Cou'd have no kind of Effect with respect to my Complaint of Mr. Morgan; the papers I deliver'd to the Court plainly Shew that I want nothing but what is reasonable. "Fifthly, with respect to the Local Situation of this Plantation or the other, what Can it avail? I have Culti- vated the land Shewn to me, Mr. Morgan acknowledges I have been Industrious & have done my Duty untill Lat- terly & I lay no Claim to any land whatsoever. By my Articles of Agreement I Cede all right & Title thereto in Consideration of promised matters not Complied with. I ask no more than to be quit with him, & rely'd on the Judgment of the Court for. what they shou'd Esteem with your Approbation Equivalent for my Labours. Mr. Mor- gan falls into Invectives reflects upon my Poverty (which I Imagine Cannot Effect the honesty of any man) and tho he declares I have wrote him many Insolent Letters, de- sir'd by me to be produc'd to ye Court, Answers — that he had made a very dirty use of them, at the Same time takes notice of a new English Expression, by no means so becoming in my opinion. In his defence which is the last matter I shall touch upon, he begins, Continues, & ends with Scurrility upon a Certain Gentleman, mentions BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 331 a matter of some Garden Seeds, Surveying of different Lots, & Concludes, by taking it for Granted that he is en- tirely acquitted; that I act only from the Spleen & malice of another, & every body seems Surpriz'd that I shou'd not make it up, Condemn the only man who look'd upon me, and become the basest of mankind by a Step, that must render me unworthy of your Protection. "Therefore most Humbly entreat you to give me a Hearing yourself, or by some other means prevent my Ruin. And your Petitioner as in Duty bound will Ever pray. (Signd) Richd. Bacon. "I Forgot to mention a number of Cattle Charg'd to the plantation which was never Deliver'd, which was never taken notice of. Mr. Morgan Slept allso every night in the room of one of the Gentlemen of the Court."* Order for a Rehearing: "FORT Chartres, 16th Octqber, 1776. "Gentlemen of the Court of Enquiry — Whereas an appeal from the Opinion of A late Court of Enquiry Order'd to Examine into some Charges preferr'd Against Geo: Morgan Esqr. by Richard Bacon, has been deliver'd to me by the latter Setting Forth the reasons for such a demand, which reasons in my Opinion are neither frivelous nor malicious but of a" very Clear & equitable nature, I am therefore Extreamly Sorry to find it absolutely necessary to Order a Revisal of the* said proceedings & that they abide by the Charges Exhibited; instead of which it is obvious that Mr. Morgan by a useless display of a number of Books and papers has not only taken up the Time of the Court by an unnecessary enquiry into matters foreign from the purpose, but by that means allso Eluded in a great measure the Facts Exhibited. It does not appear * Endorsed:— "Richard Bacon's Appeal, No. 6." 332 EARLY ILLINOIS. even by the proceedings that Mr. Morgan has Clearly disprov'd many things laid to his Charge, and the whole Tenour of his Style is nothing but a piece of Scurrility and invective against a third Person. "The Indecency of Mr. Brown & Mr. McFee was not unnotic'd, neither has it pass unobserv'd by Mr. Bacon. Even the appearance of a partial Indulgence shou'd be avoided, then Mr. Bacon wou'd have less Cause to Com- plain. "As the man Justly Observes what Signifies the local Situation of the plantation, he cultivated the Land Shewn him, Claims none as his property, but Conceiving an Evi- dent Breach of Articles in the Settlement & Encourage- ment of another man just under his Nose> he applys for Justice and Submits his Case to the Court promising to abide by any Sum they with my approbation shou'd think equivalent for his Labour, adding thereto only the abuse which he said he receiv'd from Mr. Morgan both of which Circumstances Clearly appear. "The appeal will be read by the President or Deputy Judge Advocate & Return'd to me with all the Original Papers refer'd to in said proceedings, and Exact Copies of the Deeds and Titles therein mention'd. I shall hereunto Annex'd Show you my Observations on each Page of the Courts proceedings only, and must request and order that you give me your answers thereto, opposite to the observa- tions on each Page. "I am Sorry the Court had so much Trouble in this Affair and that a Revisal of the proceedings will add thereto, I must recommend it to them to be particularly Attentive to Each Charge, and my Observations on the proceedings allready given in. "I Did not intend to have Examin'd further into this Dispute, than what Appear'd in the proceedings of the Court from the 24th Septem'r to the 4th October 1770, BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 333 But have Since, perus'd the papers Deliver'd to the Court by Mr. Bacon, marked No. 1. 2. & 3, & which in my Opin- ion are absolutely necessary to be attended to, more min- utely than they seem to have been; I have allso perus'd the Articles of Agreement at least a Copy thereoff; & by which it appears A Copartnership;. and in the 4th Article of said Agreement Mr. Bacon was to be furnis'd what he requested as necessary to forward their mutual Interest for Seven Years. Was it not then Equitable that Bacon shou'd have been Consulted in the Sums laid out? Otherwise at the Closing of Accounts, one party might be great Gain- ers, and the other little the better after seven years Ser- vice; It is my Duty to Give my Opinion on those matters & yours to weigh every Circumstance, that your Opinion & Judgement may Determine the affair to the Satisfaction of both parties at least that there may be no Cause of further Complaint. I am Gentlemen Your most Obedient & Humble Servant. "To Lt: Wynne Presidt: (Signd) JNO. WlLKlNS, & the Members of a Court of Enquiry. Lt. Colonel." Observations* by Colonel Wilkins. — "(Page 1) I have to observe from the 1st to the 3d Page of the proceedings, that Bacon in answer to Mr. Morgan declares that Elliott has Settled on a place which Bacon had Clear'd & improv'd {[p.] 2) that and a Spring &c, &c, and taken from him a Shade [shed] built by Bacon. Was Bacon to Consult Mr. Morgan about Building said Shade or ([page] 3) making Improvements; if so, why [should] not Mr. Morgan take Bacon's Opinion in the vast Sums laid out; their obliga- tions in the Agreement Seem mutual? Court's Answer. — "It appears to the Court, that the only Improvements made by Bacon, on the land on which * These observations of Col. Wilkins are written on one-half of the page and the answers by the court on the other. 334 EARLY ILLINOIS. Mr. Elliott has lately Settled, was an old Shade, for which Mr. Morgan offers to pay him, which offer the Court look upon as a Great Indulgence, as Mr. Bacon ought to have Consulted Mr. Morgan (to whom the land belong'd) before he built that Shade, as a Coursory Leave to improve was by no means a Sufficient Title, for him to go build a Shade. The Court think that Mr. Morgan might with propriety purchase Cattle, without Consulting Bacon, as Mr. Mor- gan advanc'd the money, was more in the way of making Cheap purchases, which as a Party Concern'd it is to be Suppos'd he wou'd do. It also appears by the last article of their Agreement that there was no Compulsion upon Bacon to take Cattle, he did not approve of. Their obliga- tions are so far mutual that they are both to Act for the Advantage of the Plantation. The part of the Company is to advance all monies & to purchase, what may be neces- sary. That of Bacon's to labour, Oversee, Negroes &c, &c. ; in Short to do every thing necessary for the benefit of the Farm. If there was any Benefit (which Mr. Bacon wou'd insinuate) to arise in purchasing Cattle; which cou'd only proceed from his purchasing with merchandize, The Court are of Opinion it ought to belong to Mr. Morgan & Co., as some Equivalent for ye Interest of the large Sums of money they have laid out, without having any Security on the part of Bacon. Col. W.— "(Page 4.) The Court Seem to have had Enough of That Charge. Ans. — "It appears by the minutes of the Proceedings that the Court (as Colonel Wilkins very justly observes) was fully Satisfied of this Charge, as well as the Generality of Bacon's Charges, as appears very obvious by refering to their Opinion, the 4th Octr. Inst: Col. W.— Page "5. And begins on the Personal Abuse in which Page Mr. Morgan is pleas'd to Address the Court & Concludes with bad Language of a Certain Gentleman not Named. BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 335. Ans.— "As the Charge in the 5 fo:, is not at all Sup- ported by Mr. Bacon, it was Impossible for the Court to pro- nounce Mr. Morgan Culpable, and if any man Cou'd be so base as to accuse another falsely, he Certainly ought to be told of it, in Language Suitable to his Deserts. Col. W.— Page "(6). The Court are amus'd with Mr.. Morgan's Books & then Adjourn'd in order to give Mr. Bacon & his friends time to recollect themselves. Ans. — "The Court did inspect Mr. Morgan's Books, as- they thought it highly necessary, in order to assist them in making a proper Enquiry. They then adjourn'd as a great indulgence to Mr. Bacon, as they thought both himself and Friends had need of recollection, they having that day made a very poor hand of their Prosecution. The Court allways find Amusement in doing Justice. Col. W— Page "(7.) The Court meet & Credit Mr. Bacon for an overcharge of 270 Livres. Mr. Morgan again Addresses the Court to Show that those Charges was made in his Absence; why [was] not the person Call'd on who made those Charges ? Ans. — "The Court after inspecting the accounts (which the Lt. Colonel is pleas'd to call an amusement) between Mr. Morgan & Company & Mr. Bacon, which amounted to upwards of 60,000 Livres, they found the Articles objected to by Bacon, did not amount to more than 270 Livres r which Sum Mr. Morgan did Credit Bacon with, sooner than take up the time of the Court in proving the Charges to be just. It appear'd plainly, the Charges were made in Mr. Morgan's absence & the hand writing of the' person who made them so well known, that the Court thought his presence needless; & that it would be a restraint upon him to be in Company of one, with whom he was at Vari- ance. Col. W.— Page "(8.) Of Horses, Cart, &c; and 26 head of Cattle bought by Mr. Morgan, without consulting Mr, 336 EARLY ILLINOIS. Bacon, who was to be charg'd for those Articles as Ob- serv'd on in Page i to 3 ? Ans. — "Fully Answer'd in first observation — Mr. Bacon was not under the necessity of having any Concern with more Cattle, than was perfectly agreeable to himself — moreover, the Cattle that Bacon Complains of being Over- charg'd in, is allow'd by Mr. Winston & the Court, to be altogether Equitable & Reasonable — See p. 8 of the Pro- ceedings. Col. W. — Page "(9.) Mr. Winston declares that Bacon had Mr.|Morgan's Permission to improve the Spring & Land Contiguous to the plantation. In this page the Court Credit Mr. Bacon for an overcharge of 37 Livres 10 Sols. Ans. — "Allowing Mr. Morgan did give leave to Bacon, to improve the Spring, & the Land, Contiguous to the plan- tation, The Court are of opinion Mr. Morgan had it in his power, to recall that Permission, when he found Mr. Ba- con's behaviour, no'longer merited such indulgence. Lt. Colo. Wilkins has Certainly made a mistake in his obser- vations on the last part of fo: 9 relative to a credit of 37 Livres 10 Sols as will appear by referring to fo: 9 & 10 of ye Proceedings. Col. W. — Page "(10.) Mr. Brown I must confess has Carried his Fedility to Mr. Morgan a great length, I must however Observe thereon that his Oath Shall never be esteem'd A Sufficient voucher, for an Entry without proof of the delivery of any thing. Ans. — "The Court think Mr. Brown has Acted with the Fidelity becoming every honest man, and as a Merchant's Book keeper's oath, all Over the world is Esteem'd a Suffi- cient voucher for the Books, it of Course must have the due weight with us. Col. W.— Page "(n.) Of an address to the Court by Mr. Morgan concerning a negroe man, the affair Settled to Mr. Morgan's Content, but can it be reasonable that Bacon BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 337 or any other Person shou'd be answerable to Mr. Morgan for Charges he Chuses to make for what he says is given to Indians without the approbation of the party concern'd; but what has this long Story to do with Mr. Bacon's Com- plaint, was not the, Negroe Equally Mr. Bacon's property? Query, was he detain'd or not? Ans. — "It does not appear to the Court that Mr. Mor- gan, has charg'd Bacon anything for Paying Indians for the Negroe, But are of Opinion, that in Case Mr. Morgan shou'd be under the necessity of paying 150 Dollars or any part thereof, that Mr. Bacon shou'd be Charg'd with his propor- tion of it. They think the long Story was very necessary to be attended to, in order to throw a proper light on Mr. Bacon's Complaint. The Negroe was not detain'd as it appears Clearly he refus'd to Return to Bacon, and de- clar'd shou'd there be any attempt made to force him, he was resolved to destroy himself. As to his being sold, that affair was Settled to their mutual Content, as appears by the nth Line of fo: 12 of the Proceedings. Col.W. — Pages "(12, 13, 14, 15, & 16.) Is taken up with the remarkable Ox in dispute, it would seem Strange that Mr. Morgan or his people shou'd go such Lengths, as to Con- fine & intended to kill the Ox if they did not know some history thereof. I had some talk with Lt. Chapman when at Kaskaskias of this remarkable fine Ox, and must desire that a Strict Enquiry may be made thereinto. Ans. — "The Ox may be remarkable, but the Dispute is undoubtedly so, Strange as it may appear, we cannot think that Mr. Morgan Clandestinely detain'd the Ox, as is maliciously & Injuriously Alledg'd by Bacon, on the Con- trary it appears by the very Evidence of Bonthorn, who Mr. Bacon Call'd on as an Evidence to Support his cause, that Mr. Morgan never so much as Disputed the remark- able ox with Bacon. Perhaps as Lt. Chapman knows Something of this Ox; it might have been necessary for the Court to have asked him a few questions. 338 EARLY ILLINOIS. Col. W. — -Page "(t6.) Two Cows are Demanded from Mr. Morgan who promised to do Justice. — See observation on Page i to 3 & page 8. Ans. — "Mr. Morgan in presence of the Court, Promis'd that he wou'd Enquire after the Cows mention'd & do Jus- tice; & they are of opinion, that nothing but his attention & time; being taken up, in attending this Court wou'd have prevented him from Performing his promise — See our answer to Observation on fo: I to 3 & fo: 8. - Col.W. — Page "(17.) As the Company and Bacon was in a mutual Agreement, how cou'd Mr. Morgan with propriety ascertain the price of the 2 Oxen, 2 Horses Cart & Gears, or the price of the Negroe (which did not belong to the Plantation) without taking Bacon's Opinion thereon ? Ans. — "It appears to the Court by the 4th Article of the Agreement, that the Company have reserv'd to themselves the power of purchasing what Cattle they shou'd Esteem necessary, without consulting Bacon, it not being men- tion'd in any part of the Articles that Bacon is to be consulted. They also think that Mr. Morgan was a very proper [person] to value the Negroe, as he had at that time a Parcel for Sale, & it appears to us that good ones Sold for 1800 to 2000 Livres — they refer to fo: 17. Col. W.— Pages "(18 & 19.) Mr. Bacon still demands the accots : to be Settled, Mr. Morgan's Letters produc'd Show fair Promises; but why not the accounts Settled? I dont find by the proceedings that Bacon hath any Books to amuse the Court, did not Bacon go to Kaskaskia for that purpose, & doth not Mr. Elliott Declare that him and Mr. Morgan had some Talk on that head, tho' nothing was done to Stop this disagreeable Enquiry, till Steps were taken to bring it to a hearing ? Ans. — "We have to the best of our Judgment Settled Mr. Morgan's Accounts & it is our Opinion that the Sum of 27629 Livres and Six Derniers is Justly due from the Plan- BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 339 tation to Boynton Wharton & Morgan, and the Sum of 1591 Livres 4 Sol & Eight Derniers is justly due from Bacon on his private Account to the Aforesaid Boynton Wharton & Morgan, Agreeable to the Accounts Stated & .Certified by us, which sums we do conceive ought to be immediately paid, Tq the said Boynton, Wharton, & Mor- gan. It is true Bacon had no Books to amuse the Court; But he had Abundance of disagreeable matter to trouble them with and his Impertinent Libells (which we Suppose he Terms addresses) Cannot be read by any man (that has the least degree of care for his character) without Indigna- tion; and the adviser & abbettor trifling man, we cannot but Esteem in a disagreeable light, & must hold in the utmost Contempt. We think every thing was done by Mr. Mor- gan to Stop this affair — But it was not to be Stop'd — and it Still remains a Doubt where it may Stop. Col. W.— Page "(20.) Mr. Bacon questions Mr. Elliott whether the latter being Settled is not a prejudice. to the former. Mr. Winston in the 9th Page declares that Mr. Morgan gave Bacon Permission to Settle & improve the lands contiguous to Him & it wou'd seem so or why [should] Mr. Morgan pay Bacon for a Barn unjustly built? Ans. — "The chief points, as they appear to the Court, are whether Mr. Elliott is Settled, or has incroached on lands belonging to Bacon's plantation. It appears by Bonthorn's Evidence that he has done Neither, if so Mr. Elliott Can- not be any farther a Prejudice to Bacon than one farmer woud be to another, on Acct. of being Situated near him. They Refer to their answers to the Observations on fo: 9.. They look upon Mr. Morgan's offering to pay Bacon as an Indulgence, they fear hee'l hardly merit. See fo: 7 & 8 of the Revisal. Col. W. — Pages "(21 & 22.) Mr. Morgan Introduces thro a third person (Mr. Elliott) what a Certain Gentn: Shou'd Say, why not? Mr. Rumsey call'd on by the Court to 340 EARLY ILLINOIS. answer for himself thro' the whole proceedings as a princi- pal concern'd. And why am I brought on the Carpet as having sent messages to Mr. Elliott & giving Permission to Settle &c, &c; Mr. Elliott might have Acquainted the Court with the answers I gave him when he Spoke to me on that head lately, but this I shall take more cognizance of in due time. Ans. — "Mr. Elliott did mention to the Court a Con- versation he had with Mr. Bacon, in which Mr. Bacon in- troduc'd A Dialogue between him and Mr. Rumsey which they by no means think redounds to the credit of the latter. The Court in charity declin'd calling on Mr. Rum- sey (tho' they clearly perceiv'd him to be the principal Manager of ye Puppet) But resolv'd, to let him go on working in the Dark, as they fear not many of that Gent'ns actions, wou'd not bear being brought to light. As Lt. Colonel Wilkins's Name was not disrespectfully men- tion'd, but only introduc'd in Relating matters of Fact The Court are not conscious of any impropriety in permit- ting it. Col. W. — Page "(23.) Mr. Elliott Seems to have been a busey man in this hearsay Enquiry, & it wou'd Seem time Enough for Mr, Morgan to bring in the Huggermugger proceedings when they commence, which in All probability never wou'd have been the case if Mr. Elliott had not made Encroachments on his Improvements: Ans. — "In answer to the Observation on fo: 23. The Court are Sorry to differ in Sentiment from Lt. Colonel Wilkins, they are far from thinking that Mr. Elliott Acted otherwise than as an honest man. The Enquiry on the part of Bacon, may be justly term'd an hearsay, as he has not brought One Single Evidence. able to Support his Allegations, he brought one Bonthorn (O Rediculous) to relate a Story to the Court which he had from Bacon him- self, this may Justly be deem'd hearsay. The Court are BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 341 of Opinion the Huggermugger Proceedings have long Since commenc'd. It does by no means appear to the Court that Elliott has incroach'd on Bacon. Col. W.— Page "(24.) Mr. Morgan Enters on his Defence with Assertaining his property or lands in Dispute, But when Mr. Winston was desir'd by the Court to take some French- man's Opinion on like occasion, I return'd for answer, that the Deeds only Shou'd carry Weight in that affair & hoped the Court would be of same Opinion. Ans.—" By desire of the Court, Mr. Morgan did prove his Titles, to the Lands which he had purchased in the Grand Prairie, which they Look'd upon to be well authenticated, as they were Sign'd by the register as being properly re- corded. The Attention the Court paid the Deeds has confirm'd them in their Opinion, which they are determin'd to abide by. Col. W. — Page "(25.) Mr. Brown Corroborates perfectly with Mr. Morgan in every thing he has asserted Respecting the Boundaries of the Plantation, & Messrs. Elliott, Kenedy, & Louverie have measur'd & Settled the Boundaries & Distance &c; without my Seeing any Title thereto. Ans. — "It Appear'd to the Court, that Brown, Elliott, and Kennedy did measure the lands for Mr. Morgan, & they are all clear and Exact in their Accounts of the Limits. The Court are of Opinion the Records of which Lt. Colo- nel Wilkins, is in Possession, wou'd if Examin'd, Suffi- ciently Shew the Titles, Notwithstanding Lt. Colo. Wil- kins was pleas'd to assert in Court, That Records were no proofs, & that he shou'd Pay no Attention to them. Col. W. — "-N. B. No notice is taken in the proceed- ings of Mr. Bacon's Assertion respecting Mr. Morgan's Declaration to Elliott, Viz.— That they had made Nine thousand Livres by the Plantation the first Year. Bacon's Observations thereon are worthy the Notice of the Court, by which means they will be better able to Judge of Mr. Bacon's Deserts. (Sign'd) John WlLKINS. 342 EARLY ILLINOIS. Ans. — "From the Large Sums Expended by Mr. Mor- gan for the Benefit of Mr. Bacon & the Company there ought to have arose very handsome Profits, unless Great missmanagement Occasion'd the contrary. The Court had a Sufficient Opportunity during the Course of their pro- ceedings to Judge of Bacon's Deserts. "The Court Possitively Assert that neither Mr. Brown or Mr. McFee, acted in any indecent manner whatever dur- ing their Sitting. They are Sorry to Observe Lt. Colonel Wilkins has paid more attention to Low Tattle than to Assurances of his Officers in this matter. Sign'd : Lewis Wynne, Lt. President. Alex. Fowler, Lt: Thos : Hutchins, 6oth Regt: Wm. Richardson, Ensign. Wm. Conolly, Ensign." * " Bacon's Impertinent Address." "To the Honourable Court of Enquiry. Gentlemen — I have nothing further to Say more than what I have all- ready mention'd in the pagers given in & the appeal to which I refer, I therein think it Clearly explain'd, that the Settlement of Mr. Elliott or any Person must consequently prove injurious to my plantation, render all my Endea- vours abortive, & finally enslave me by a continuance thereon. Have I not mention'd Cattle taken from me to be deliver'd Mr. Elliott? Mr. Morgan depriving me of my Customers? Is not the Settlement of another person divid- ing his powers to Serve me? And is it natural to imagine that I can proceed with the Same Industry after depriving me of that which was the only means of Inducing me to Subscribe to Such Severe Terms. Viz. — all his assistance. The land mention'd in the Articles I never cultivated, my * Endorsed : — " To Colo. Wilkins's Observations on a Court of Enquiry &c&c; No. 6." BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 343 present Improvements are upon the King's Lands upon the Hills. Mr. Elliott fettled there also, & not upon any pur- chase as represented, the high lands never having been Grant'd to any Person. If Mr. Morgan lays any Stress upon the plantation mention' d in the articles (wherein no Boundaries are discrib'd) why did he desire me to cultivate the high lands? or lay out so much money thereon. Surely if I am not to enjoy what I have Improv'd at least for my Seven Years, it cannot be Expected; that I am to pay any proportion of the immense Sums laid out thereon? without my ever being Even consulted. Therefore, I humbly flatter myself, you cannot think me liable for any Sums Mr. Mor- gan shall think proper to charge, without my permission, being a joint partner I declare that I will abide by no charges or Bargains allready or hereafter to be made with- out my knowledge & consent. I mean by this the Immense ' Sums allready said to be Expended, which I hope no Court of honour & Justice will make me Subject to, tho I have been and was this day in the utmost despair, The Honble. Commdt: in this Country has given me a dawn of hope by the Expressions he made use of this day, in de- claring he wou'd be the friend & Supporter of Every hon- est man in -Opposition, to all oppressors, tho the Sufferer be even a Negrpe himself. Although I understood the present Court have only to give their opinion respecting the matter in Debate, I humbly flatter myself it will be Such aa will put my Course in Such a light as to be of Service & feel my Injuries tho' I cant Express them, for the Reasons Set forth this day by Mr. Kennedy, &c; "P. S. I must once more appeal to the papers I have all- ready given in, as I do not clearly understand many of ye questions put to me. "I am with Respect, Gentlemen, Your most humble Servt (Sign'd) . Richd. Bacon. "Fort Cbartres; ioth Octr: 1770." ; 23-34-8 344 EARLY ILLINOIS. . "We do hereby certify that the above is a malicious Insolent Libel. , ' Lewis Wynne, Lt. Alexr. Fowler, Lt. Sign'd:-j Thos. Htjtchins, Ens: 6othReg. Wm. Richardson, Ensh : - Wm. Conolly, Ens :"* Rehearing Proceedings. "By an Order Issued by Lieutenant Colonel John Wil- kins — The Court met this 17th of October nine of the clock in the morning, to revise their proceedings and Sen- tence given in favour of Mr. Morgan, on a matter of Diff- erence between said Morgan & Richard Bacon; as also to answer such remarks and Observations as Colo. Wilkins had made on said proceedings. "The Court being Assembled, all Parties were admitted. The Judge Advocate then Read Mr. Bacon's Remonstrance to Colonel Wilkins for a Revisal of the Proceedings; also a letter from Colo. Wilkins to the Court, with his Opinion, and Observations on the proceedings^ & SentenceAnnex'd. "Question propos'd by the Court to Mr. Bacon. 1 — 'As you complain of a Breach of the Articles of Agreement (in your Remonstrance) between you and Mr. Morgan, you'll be so kind as to point out to the Court wherein con- sists said Breach of Articles?' "Mr. Bacon. — 'I look upon the Land Mr. Elliott is Settled upon as belonging to the Plantation, I agreed with Boynton, Wharton, & Morgan to Improve, as Mr. Morgan gave me leave to Improve it.' "Court to Mr. Bacon. — 'Did Mr. Morgan agree with you or is it mention'd in your Articles of Agreement with him, that he, Mr. Morgan, was not at Liberty to Settle any Person he pleas'd upon any Lands he might in future pur- * Endorsed: — "Richd. Bacon's fourth Impertinent Address to the Court, Dated Ft. Chartres, 18th October, 1770. No. 8.* BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 345 chase after your Agreement with him the 21st March 1768?' "Bacon.— 'I never understood from Mr. Morgan, that he had any Intention to Settle any other person near the plantation he had Settled me upon.' "Court. — 'Do you look upon the Land now Occupied by Mr. Elliott, to be the Lands or part of the Lands alluded to in your Articles of Agreement with Mr. Morgan?' "Bacon. — 'I looked upon it as part of the Plantation, because Mr. Morgan desir'd me to Improve it.' "Court. — 'Was it immediately after your Agreement with Mr. Morgan, that he gave you Liberty to Improve the Lands now Occupied by Mr. Elliott?' "Bacon. — 'No; it was not immediately — it was some time After.' "William Bonthorn a witness of Mr. Bacon's being call'd upon; did not appear. Mr. Bacon being ask'd by the Court, what this Bonthorn was to prove. Answer'd, that he had often heard him Say, that the Plantation was four- teen Acres in Front extending in Length from the Roches to the Mississippi. v "Mr. Bacon complains in his Remonstrance to Colonel Wilkins, of being often Reprov'd by the Court,, and told that every thing was going against him, and that in abso- lute Despair of doing himself Justice he forbore mention- ing maiiy things he cou'd have done. Being ask'd by the Court in what manner he was Reprov'd. He Says, the Court told him that they were very Sorry to observe, that they looked upon him once, as a very Industrious, Sober, honest man, but they thought him now a very, troublesome Litigious Fellow, 'and that if I did not bring Evidence to prove what I had Asserted against Mr. Morgan more clearly than what I had Done, I must turn out a Scoundrel at last: and also that if I did not Support the charge of the Ox brought against Mr. Morgan, that Mr. Morgan cou'd bring an Action against me at common Law.' Mrs. 346 EARLY ILLINOIS. Casey being call'd upon by Mr. Bacon with respect to Mr. Brown (a clerk of Mr. Morgan's) telling Mr. Bacon, that one of his cattle had Stray 'd to Post St. Vincent, and being ask'd by the Court what She knew of thjs matter, Says — that She heard Mr. Brown & Mr. Bacon talking about Twenty Six head of cattle, that were brought from Post St. Vincent to the Plantation; and that Mr. Brown told Mr. Bacon that one of them had Stray'd back to Post St. Vincent. "Mr. Bacon having none of his Evidences present the Court was oblig'd to Adjourn till to morrow morning Nine of the Clock, when all parties were Order' d to give Atten- dance." "Thursday, 18th October, 1770. The Court met this morning at Nine of the Clock pursuant to Adjournment. "William Bonthorn came before the Court as an Evi- dence in favour of Mr. Bacon. Being desir'd by the Court to Relate what he knew of the matter in Debate between Mr. Morgan & Mr. Bacon Says — that he heard Mr. Bacon Say, that he intended to fence in a piece of Ground, which he imagin'd wou'd extend his Plantation Fourteen Acres in Front. He adds that he has heard Mr. Bacon Say, that Mr. Morgan has purchas'd more lands & that he under- stood that Mr. Bacon was to improve the last purchase as well as the First. "Mr. Bacon desires Bonthorn to relate to the Court, what he knows concerning the Improvements he had made where Mr. Elliott is now Settled. "Bonthorn. — 'Some time before I went to Mr. Bacon's lo live which was in Septr: 1768 Mr. Bacon had clear'd a Small piece of Land, and intended he said to make a Field there. I know of no other Improvements, but a Small House that'was built by Agreement for one Camp- bell, who Imagin'd, was to Settle there. We cut some Tim- ber off Said land, for .building A Barn and other Uses.' BRITISH ILLINOIS— 60URT OF ENQUIRY. 34/ t "Court to Mr. Bacon. — 'Mr. Bacon you have Set forth in your Petition that you was told every thing was going against you — be kind Enough to relate to the Court from whom you had this Information?' "Mr. Bacon. — 'Mr. Fowler told me so.' "Mr. Patrick Kennedy was call'd upon by Mr. Bacon to relate to the Court what passed on the 27th September last between the Judge Advocate, Court & Mr. Bacon; Deliver' d to the Court the Annex'd Paper which was Read Publickly by the Judge Advocate, all Parties Present.[:] Patrick Kennedy's Evidence. "Gentlemen: — On the 27th Day of Septemr. I was Call'd upon by Mr. Morgan to attend a Court of Enquiry held at Fort Chartres & during my Stay there happened the following words between the Judge Advocate & Mr Bacon: "Lst. Judge Advocate. — ' Mr. Bacon yo& see that all these witnesses you got this day is all Against you, so I beg you will desist from asking them any more questions.' "Mr. Bacon.—' Gentlemen, I think the Evidences are as .1 much in my favour as in Mr. Morgan's as they make the - Sum one hundred & fifty Livres more than was rnerition'd.' "Court. — 'You have no Right to think about it at all, Sir.' "2d. J. Advocate. — 'Mr. Bacon I must nedds tell you, you have bad Advisers that may lead you into Scrapes, that you wont readily get out of, (I Suppose you will tell that to ,Mr. Rumsey to go along with the rest, you have told him) for my part I dont Care what you tell him, &' you may tell him I said So.' "Mr. Morgan. — 'I have been a Good friend to you Mr. Bacon & does Still intend it notwithstanding what has happened.' "3d. J. Advocate. — 'You see Mr. Bacon what Mr. Mor- 348 EARLY ILLINOIS. gan Says that he will Still be your friend tho you have brought things to Such a head.' "Mr. Bacon. — 'I disregard any Services y l Mr. Morgan may do for me, as I Dont Intend to have any thing to do with him for the future.' "4th. J. Advocate. — 'You are A very impertinent fel- low I must needs tell you, Mr. Bacon, that is no answer to give here, your Character heretofore, was very good in the Eyes of Every one but now we find that you will Appear a Troublesome, wrangling Sort of a fellow, and if you dont bring better proofs to Support what you have Alleged against Mr. Morgan I am afraid you will turn out the Scoundrel & Rascal at last; you have got above your busi- ness, like a great many others when they Come to this Country.' "Mr. Bacon. — 'Gentlemen I am very Sorry that I should Say any thing to Disoblige the Court, & Humbly beg Pardon.' "The above is an Impartial Acct. to the best of my knowledge & remembrance. I am Gentlemen Your Hum- ble Servant. (Signd) Patt. Kennedy." "Mr. Fowler's Remarks on Mr. Kennedy's Evidence: — The first Charge (if it can be Call'd by that Appelation) I partly allow Except the Diction which I absolutely deny. This was as Mr. Kennedy Says on the 27th September, & he might have added, when Monsr. La Source, who was called upon by Mr. Bacon to Support Some charges against Mr. Morgan, was giving his Evidence — see Page 17 .of the proceedings. Whether or not it was my business as Judge Advocate to desire Bacon to desist from calling Evidence that was hurtful to his cause, I leave to the Decission of Colo. Wilkins and every other man of Probity, Impartial- ity & Common sense. To Mr. Kennedy's Second Charge, there was also some such Discourse happened, tho far from BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 349 being Verbatim. As it was Evident that Mr. Bacon cou'd mot write the papers deliver'd to the Court, it was natural to think, & without doubt, he had advisers: And as I .had a Letter from Mr. Rumsey the preceding Evening, hinting to me, not to be premature in giving my Opinion of a man I had yet little knowledge of & who wish'd me well, I was Convinc'd that Mr. Bacon had Commene'd Tatler— & an Infamous, lying, Slandering Tatler, too. I answer'd Mr. Rumsey's Letter to his Satisfaction. I therefore on telling •& advising him to desist, said that whoever was his advo- cate in this matter, I thought him a very bad one: that if it was Mr. Rumsey, Bacon (as he had Commene'd Carry- ing Extraordinary Intelligence) might if his memory cou'd retain it, Communicate what I said to Mr. Rumsey; for what I had Said, or wou'd Say, in that Court, I wou'd Say, if Mr. Rumey and all the world was present. "As to the fourth Charge, from an answer Bacon gave to Mr. Morgan I did Say that I thought he was a very Impertinent fellow & added that I was Sorry for it as I had even heard Mr. Morgan Speak of him with a Warmth, which he little deserved from what he had now said. s 'In the Course of the proceedings & from the Style & nature of the papers Deliver'd to the Court from time to time he has fix'd an Opinion with me which only an Oposite Behaviour of Mr. Bacon can Eradicate. Alex. Fowler, Lt. in the "'FORT Chartres, 18th or Royal Irish Regiment of Foot, 19th October 1770. & acting Dep'y Judge Advocate."* "Mr. Bacon desires Bonthorn to relate to the Court what he knows of him (Mr. Bacon) receiving two Hogs {from one Gotio, for which Mr. Morgan has charg'd him one hundred & Sixty LLvr.es. ' * "Mr. Patrick Kennedy's Evidence — what pass'd in Court 27 Septemr last, with Mr. Fowler's remarks theron. No. 7." 3JO EARLY ILLINOIS. "Bonthorn.— 'I Remember Mr. Bacon r bfingirig one Sow from Kaskaskia, when I was with him in the latter end of Year 1768, but I Remember of no more.' "Mr. Bacon Still insisting that he did not receive the two Hoggs from Gotio for which Mr. Morgan had charg'd him one hundred & Sixty Livres — adding that he was willing to make [an oath] that ho never Receiv'd them. "Mr. Morgan to Bonthorn. — 'Is the Land which you have mention'd to the Court in your former Evidence to be Plow'd or Improv'd by Mr. Bacon; is it, in the Grand Prairie, or on the back of the Roches?' "Bonthorn. — 'It is Situated on the Grand Prairie.' "Court. — 'Has Elliott made Encroachments thereon?' "Bonthorn. — 'I dont think he has.' "Mr. Morgan to Bonthorn. — ' Has Mr. Elliott En- croach'd on the Plantation Assigned to Mr. Bacon in any respect?' "Bonthorn. — 'I know of no Encroachments except Mr. Elliott's calfs getting among his corn may be Esteem'd one: — and I dont remember that there was any Fences to keep them out;' "Mr. Morgan—' Was the House Built by Mr. Bacon Occupied; or did Mr. Bacon make any use of it when Mr. Elliott took possession?' "Bonthorn. — 'No; It was not.' "Mr. Morgan.— 'Had Mr. Bacon ever plow'd the Land he talks of Improving, or had he ever Fenced it in?' "Bonthorn—' No.' "Mr. Morgan.— 'Was the House built by Mr. Bacon of any use or advantage to the Plantation*?' '.-.--■ "Bonthorn.— 'I suppose Mr. Bacon "intended it to be of use, but I dont think it was of any.' "Mr. Bacon desires that Mr. Patrick Kennedy will re- late to the Court, what he has heard Mr. Elliott Say with Respect of his being Settled where he is. BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 35 I "Mr. Kennedy Says he' has heard Mr. Elliott Say in common discourse, that he thought he was prejudicial to Mr. Bacon, by being Settled where he was. and bbserv'd, that by having the use of the Spring & cutting the Tim- ber that Mr. Bacon formerly had the use of, must be of great disadvantage to him. "Mr. Morgan to Mr. Kennedy.^'Did Mr. Elliott say he was Illegally or unjustly a disadvantage to Mr. Bacon ?' "Mr. Kennedy.— 'No. He did not, He said it was of no kind of Consequence to him for that Mr. Morgan was to find him a Plantation.' "Mr. Morgan to Bonthorn. — 'You'll relate to the Court what you know, and what pass'd between Mr. Bacon and yourself regarding the remarkable Fat Ox at Kaskaskia now in Question?' "Bonthorn.— 'One day after Breakfast at Mr. Elliott's, Mr. Bacon was talking to Mr. Elliott about the Ox. They call'd to me — and Mr. Bacon Ask'd me if I remember'd Such an Ox, mentioning the colour. I said I remember'd the Ox, as he was pretty remarkable. I told Mr. Elliott & Mr. Brown what Age I thought he was of; and Mr. Elliott at the same time said that by the Discription I had given of him he Suppos'd it was the same Ox. Some days after this Mr. Bacon went down to Kaskaskia to see the Ox; and he desir'd me to go down afterward, & take some Potatoes to Mr. Morgan, and make myself certain if this was the Ox: I asked of Mr. Bacon what I shou'd Say to Mr. Morgan, when I went down concerning the Ox : Mr. Bacon told me by no means to Speak of the Ox to Mr. Morgan, as I wou'd See him in the Yard Amongst' the other cattle — after I had taken a look at the Ox, I told Mr. Bacon that I cou'd not be positive, whether it was the same Ox or not, as his colour had chang'd ; altho from his Shape & Appearance I thought it was the Ox, YetT cou'd not venture to make Oath that it was.' Bonthorn Adds, 352 EARLY ILLINOIS. that he heard Mr. Bacon Say, that Mr. Morgan did not •dispute, but it was the Ox, and [the one] that he (Mr. Bacon) wanted. "From a complaint Mr. Bacon preferred against Ens: Hutchins in his Remonstrance to Colonel Wilkins, for allowing Mr. Morgan to Sleep in his Appartment. Ensign Hutchins thought it was necessary to Acquaint the Court with Respect to the charge Relative to Mr. Morgan Sleep- ing in the Room of one of the members of the. Court. That During his Acquaintance with Mr. Morgan (which he said was for some years) He has had dealings with him to a very considerable Amount, as well on account of the ■crown, as his own private Account, and always had found his Behaviour like that of an Honest man and a Gentle- man. He therefore Asked Mr. Morgan to Sleep: in his Room, as it wou'd be more convenient to him during the Setting of the Court than going every Evening to the Village, particularly as the beds in his house were Occupied toy Sick persons; and not Imagining it cou'd be the least Reflection on the Court or himself, as he had first Ask'd, ■& obtained Colonel Wilkin's Permission for Mr. Morgan to Sleep in the Fort. Ens: Hutchins further adds, that he -cannot help Expressing his Surprise at Colo. Wilkins allowing of a complaint of this nature to be Exhibited, as he very well know Mr. Morgan Sleeping in the Fort, was by his (Colo. Wilkins's) Own Permission which was ask'd in writing eve.ry Evening during Mr. Morgan's Stay in the Fort. This Mr. Hutchins can prove, as well as Colonel Wilkins' Permission by his Servant, who carried his written requests & brought the Colonel's answers to them. - "The Court desir'd Mr. Bacon to Inform^ if he had any more questions to ask the Evidences present or if, He had any more Evidences to Examine before the. Court. He answer' d, he had not. "Mr. Bacon Deliver' d this Evening to the Judge Advo- BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 353 cate (after the Court was Adjourn'd) the Annex'd Paper, which was Read by him to the members of the Court, and was deem'd by them a trifling Insulting Libel, upon the conduct of the Court, & of no kind of use, in Settling the matter of difference between Mr. Morgan & Mr. Bacon. "Mr. Morgan Deliver'd to the Court, a certificate sign'd by Mr. James Elliott, and Witness'd by Mr. Thomas Mc Fee, which Runs as follows: '"I Do hereby Certify that Mr. Bacon has at Sundry Times, said, that he never woud have made the complaints, he has against Mr.' Morgan, had it not been his knowing that Mr. Morgan was not upon good Terms with Colonel Wilkins & with Mr. Rumsey, and that he, Mr. Rumsey, had Influence Enough over Colo. Wilkins to make him his Friend in said Dispute: and Likewise that Mr. Rum- sey had promis'd to Support him therein, & carry him through it. Witness my hand this 16th October 1770. "Tn the presence of (Sign'd) James Elliott.' Thos. McFee.'" "This Certificate the Judge Advocate [read] Publickly in Court: after which the Court was clear'd, when they proceeded to answer the Remarks and Observations made by Colo. W 7 ilkins; to Deliberate on what had pass'd in Court between Colonel Wilkins & Mr. Morgan; and Finally to give their Opinion on the whole of the proceedings & Revisal all of which is Faithfully Transcrib'd by (Sign'd) Alexr. Fowler, Lt. in the 1 8th or Royal Irish Regimt: Acting Dep'y Judge Advocate. "N. B. A mode of Agreement concerning A Tract of Land Granted by Colonel Wilkins (if approv'd of by the General) To Mr. Galloway, Mr. Boynton, Mr. Wharton, Mr. Morgan & Mr. Rumsey, with one Sixth Reserv'd for Colonel Wilkins, was Read by the Judge Advocate. 354 EARLY ILLINOIS. "A Breach of the Articles of Agreement, being the only matter in Our Opinion, Bacon shoud have attended to, yet this was Artfully Avoided: and when Mr. Morgan was desiring & Impressing Mr. Bacon to prove His allega- tions with respect to A Breach in the Articles of Agree- ment, Colo: Wilkins being present repremanded him; and tpld him that he disturb'd the Court; and also said in open Court, that he was Convinced Mr. Morgan was Guilty of a Breach of Articles ; and that the Court had no Right to give Sentence, only to give their Opinion. "The Court thinks that they were Interrupted in their proceedings by Colonel Wilkins being present ; and also thinks that Colonel Wilkins from what he said looks upon the Gentlemen that constitute this Court in so Cypherical & Indifferent a sense, as to be Incapable of giving an honest Impartial Opinion. This the Gentlemen of the Court are sorry to observe, and it is with the utmost con- cern they mention it. But from Colonel Wilkins allowing of an Appeal, thro the Channel of Himself; couch'd in a collection of words foreign to the Dispute; Replete with bitter Ill-timed Invective; with Impertinent & Groundless Reflections, and with A Variety of False, Scandalous, & Imaginary Assertions, they cou'd not with Safety, & Jus- tice to themselves, Pass it Over altogether Unnotic'd. "What they have done, has been done Cooly & Deliber- ately; is the Dictates of honest, upright Hearts, Supported by clear & uninterrupted Imaginations; Free, & ■ unfetter' d,' by malice, Envy, Prejudice or Partiality, we have here- unto Annex'd our Opinions. Conscious of this (tho much concern'd for Differing so widely in Opinion from Colonel Wilkins) we have Subscrib'd our Names, without Trembling with Guilt, as Bacon wou'd Intimate, or without Shaking for the consequences." "The Court in Consequence of Colonel Wilkin's Ordecs of the 16th of this Instant met to revise their Proceedings, BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. 355 and Sentence pass'd the 4th of this Instant on a matter of Difference between Geo: Morgan Esqr. & Mr. Richard Bacon, as also to answer such Remarks, and Observations, as Colonel Wilkins had made on said proceedings, And after having carefully Revis'd said proceedings, & Exam- in'd what other Witnesses Mr. Bacon Call'd upon to Sup- port his charges, as well as Read and Heedfully meditated on his Remonstrance, and his paper deliver'd to the Judge Advocate the 18th Instant; are unanimously & Firmly of Opinion, that his Remonstrance, as well as paper of the 1 8th, are Infamous, Impertinent Libels, on the Proceed- ings of the Court; And that neither they, nor the wit- nesses he has call'd upon, has in any Degree whatever, Prov'd, that Mr. Morgan has oppress'd Mr. Bacon, & therefore we must beg leave to Refer Lieut. Colonel Wil- kins to the Sentence or Opinion given by us the 4th of October, which is Annex' d to the Proceedings, and which we must out of regard for our own Honour, as well as Justice to the parties concern'd Religiously Abide by.. "And we do hereby Refer Lt. Colo. Wilkins To said • Sentence or Opinion Accordingly. (Sign'd) A. Fowler, Lt. in 18th or Royal Irish Regt: of Foot, Acting D'y Judge Advocate. f Lewis Wynne, Lt. & Presdt. Alex.r. Fowler, Lt. Sign'd: *j Thos. Hutchins, Ens. 60th Regt: I Wm. Richardson, Ensn: [Wm. Conolly, Ensn:"* The court certainly came out ahead in the matter of the rehearing. It not only reaffirmed its former judgment and reiterated in additionally strong language its former opinion of the defendant, but insinuated as positively as it could, * Endorsed:— "Minutes on the Revisal of a' Court of Enquiry on a Matter of Difference between Geo: Morgan Esqr: & Mr. Richard Bacon, Commencing the 16th & Ending the 20th October 1770." '356 EARLY ILLINOIS. within courteous bounds, its opinion of the commandant. It was doubtless out of this and other like proceedings, and his disposition to make grants of land to favored pur- chasers, reserving an interest for his own benefit, that there grew up a very bad state of feeling in the Illinois country between the commaridant and the different classes of citi- zens, which increasing in factional bitterness finally resulted in bringing charges against Col. Wilkins for mal-adminis- tion, especially in charging the government with sums ex- pended for his private account. He invited an investiga^ tion and tendered his resignation in September, 1771, but was not superseded in his command until the following ' spring, when he left for New York and sailed for London in July, 1772.* We have no account of the result of the investigation, nor of the colonel's subsequent career, except that it is stated that he died or left the army at the close of the year 1775, his name not thereafter appearing on the army- list.f * Brymner's "Calendar of Canadian Archives, report of 1884," pages 54 and 56. t " Colonial History of New York," VIII, 185. FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, Kos. 31, 32, 33, and 3 4. INDEX EARLY ILLINOIS PARTS I, II, III, AND IV. Abbe, Francis Noize, dit 1', St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 81, 85, 90, 91. Abbott, Lieut. -Gov. Edward, at Vin- cennes, 242, 24211, 262, 264, 265, 267, 272, 273, 277, 279, 280 n, 288. Aboite River, 208 n. Acadians, Rocheblave's plan for set- tling on the Mississippi, 249. Adams, John Quincy, president, 21, 40. 134- Aime, Charles, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Alaint, , head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1790, 77. Allaire, Louis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85- Allard, Augustin, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Allard, Pierre, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Allary (Alary, Alari), Baptiste, 74. Allary, Bazil, Kaskaskia militia, 75, 85, 95- Allary, Clement, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 67, 70, 71; St. Clair -Co. militia, 1790, 80, 88. Allary, Domitilde, widpw, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Allary (Alary), Lieut. Jean Bap., head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 67, 70, 71, 73, 85, 93; Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 84, 85, 88. Allary, Joseph, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 70. Allary, Marie, wid. of Joseph, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 71. Alleghany Mountains, 19, ioo, 156. Allemand, Jean 1', head of fam., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Allison, John, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 61. Almon's "Remgiribranper, » cited, 244^ Alphonso, , St.Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 88. Alps, France, 231. Arnelin, Laurent, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 71; St. Clair-Co r militia, 1790, 84, 88. American Fur-Co., 44, 45, 46,47, 49. "American State Papers," cited, 58n, io3n, I20n, I27n, 128% 25m. Anderson, David, juror in Rice- Jones- murder case, 149. Anderson, John, juror in Rice-Jones- murder case, 149. Anderson, Joseph, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 76?, 85. Andre, Jean, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 61. Andre, jr. (Jean>), entitled to dona- tion,. 95. Andre Sonn, , res. of Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Andrews, Joseph, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70. " Annals of Congress, " cited, 1 1 7 p. Antalliard, Felicite, wid. J. B. Dumas, head of fam., St. Clair Co., 1783, 71. Antaya, Anfoine, jr., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. v Antaya, Antoine Pelletier, sr. , dit, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 86, 87 Antaya, Michel, dit Pelletier, head of fam., Kaskaskia, 1783, .61,69; 1790, 76;. St. Clair-Co, mil,, 71, 73, 84, 88. Antaya, Toimetre, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 74. Apalachians, 272. "Appleton's Cyclopaedia of Biogra- ■ phy, " cited, 22. Archambeau, Joseph, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 82, 88. Ardouin, , head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68. Ardoin, , heirs of, in St. Clair Ca, 1783, 7P-7I- 358 EARLY ILLINOIS. Arkansas Territory, 136. Arkouet, Antoine, head of family, Kas- ' kaskia, 1783, 61. Armstrong, John, secretary of war, 21, 39- Arundel, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 88. Ashley, Gen. Wm. H., senator from Arkansas, 123. Askin, John, letter to, cited, 256 n. Astor, John Jacob, 45. Atchison, Alexander, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 88. Atchison, Lieut. George, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 78, 89, 93. Aubuchon, Gabriel d', residing at Kas- kaskia, 1790, 77, 95. Aubuchon, Mary Louise, head of fam- ily, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Aubuchon, Raphael d', St. Clair- Go. militia, 1790, 89. Aumie, Jean Baptiste, entitled to do- nation, 95. Austin, Moses, with J. R. Jones erected first'eupola furnace in U. S., 118. Austin, Texas, San Felipe de, 129. Austin, Hon. Stephen F., 129. Babcock, Mrs. Gen. Orville E., 137 n. Backus, Elijah, of Kaskaskia, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150. Bacon, Richard, of Kaskaskia, pro- ceedings in court of enquiry, 294-356. Badollet, John, commissioner of land- office at Vincennes, 34, no. Bahatte, Antoine, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Baily, Amoris, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 93- Ballew (Bellow), Timothy, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790^ 61, 71, 89. Balme, Col. Augustin Moltin de la, 207, 20711, 210, 26on. Barbau (Barbeau), Andre, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 95* Barbau, Capt. Jean Baptiste, jr., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, ,1 783, 66, 67, 88. Barbau, Capt. Jean Baptiste, sr,, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1 783, 1 66, 66n, 67; com'd't of Prairie du' Rocher, 164; of the Court of Kas- kaskia, 165. , , ■ Barbour, Capt. Philip, 219, 220. Barger Bros., of Vincennes, 103. Barger, Christina, of Vincennes, wife Barger, Elizabeth, wife of Baptiste la , Chapelle, 128. Barger, Frederick, 127. Barger, George, 127. Barger, George, jr., 127. Barger, Margaret, 127. Barger, Mary, second wife of John Rice Jones, 126, 127, 128. Barger, Peter,, 127. Barger, Susan, wife of Wm. Shannon, 128, Barker, Mathias, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Baron, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 89. Barrois, Francois, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Barron, , Courf of St. Vincennes, 165. Barron, Gabriel, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70. Barron, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 71; St. Clair- Co. militia, 1 790, 82. • Barron, , widow of Gabriel, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 71. Barrow, Richard, St. Clair-Co. militia, '795. 93- Barry, Hon. Wm. T., 123. Bartalon, , death of, 262. Barton, Hon. David, 122, 123. Barutel, Antoine, called Noel Toulouse, Kaskaskia militia, 1 790, 85, 86. Barutel (Bautel), Blaise, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783,' 61,' 75. Barutel, dit Toulouse, Henry, Kaskas- kia militia, 1 790, 85. Basque, Pierre le, Kaskaskia militia, 1790. 8S. 95- Basye, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 93- Basye, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, •795. 93- Bates, Hon. Edward, 38^123. Bates, Frederick, secretary of territory Upper Louisiana, 37,; note on, 37 n, 120. Bates, Thos. Fleming, father of Fred- erick and Edward, 37. Baubin, , partisan at the Miamis, 1780, 210. Baugi, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Bauvais, Alexis, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61, 75. Bauvais, Antoine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783; 61; member of Court, of Kaskaskia, 166, 179, 180, 181, INDEX. 359 Bauvais (Beauvais), Jean Baptiste St. Geme, head of family, Kaskaskia, : 1783, 61, 77 n; Court of Kaskaskia, 1787, 166, 179, 1 80, 181, 183. Bauvais, Marie Helene Ste. Geme, wife of Nicholas Canada, 26. Bauvais, Marie Louise, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Bauvais, — , of Kaskaskia, 311, 328. Bauvais, Therese St. Gemme, resident of Kaskaskia, 20; reference, 26, 28. Bauvais, Ursule Ste. Gtme, 26. Bauvais, Vital, jr., Kaskaskia militia, ' 1799, 85/ Bauvais, Vitale Ste. Geme, head of fam- -.' ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 77, 77n, 96, 166, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184. Bavarel, Tousaint, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Bayatte, Antoine, 76. Bayly, William, of Kaskaskia, 182. Beaudoin, Jean, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Beaulieu, , of Cahokia, 71 n. Beaulieu, Capt. , Cahokia militia, 1779, 164; member Court of Caho- kia, 1779, 165. Beaulieu, Bazile, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Beaulieu (Beaulieux), Jean, St. Clair- County militia,' 1790, 82, 89. Beaulieu, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, ■ 1790, 89. Beaulieu, Sergt. Michel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Beaulieu, (Chauvin), widow, head of , fam., Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70,71, 71 n. Beauregard, Louis Tousaint, merchant of New Orleans, 184, 218, 228. Beaver Lake, Indiana, 48. Becassej Jean Bte. Chartr6n, alias la, St. Clair-Co. militia, 179°, 81, 89. Becquet, Srs. — — , 279. Bedford County,- Va., 155- Beguain, Pierre, Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. Beguiere, Joseph, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 68, 70. Beland, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 89. Bellecour, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 80, 89. Bellecour,- Joseph, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 96. Bellefountain, settlers of, in 1 795, 93 n. Belleville News- Democrat, 146. Bellow, Timothy, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61, 71, 89, 93; Behtley, Madame — : — , store-keeper, Kaskaskia, 186. Bentley, Thomas, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 6r, 210; petition of, 256; note on, 259-60. Benton, Col. Thos. Hart, senator from Missouri, 122, 123, 130, 134. Bequet, Andrew, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 84. Bequet, Isabel, widow, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. Bequet, Jean Baptiste, heirs of, in St. Clair County, 1783, 71. Berger, Laurent Jean, - St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Bergeron, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 71, 80, 89. Bergeron, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Bhertelmi, Richard, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76; see Richard. Bibeaux, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Bienvenu, Antoine, jr. , head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 76. Bienvenu, Antoine, sr. , head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Bienvenu, Henry, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 74, 85, 96. Bienvenu, Michel, Kaskaskia militia, 179°, 74, 85, 96. Bienvenu, Pierre, Kaskaskia, 1783, 75. Big Spring, Monroe Co., 111., 79 n. Biggs (Bigges), George, St. Clair-Co. • militia, 1790, 78, 89, 93, 96, 182. Biggs, Thomas, 182. Biggs, William, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 71, 105. Bilderback, Capt. , of Kaskaskia, 148. Biron, August, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Biron, Henry, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Bisson, Louis, St. Clair - Co. militia, 1790, 85, 89. Bissonet, Jean Marie, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 89. Bissonet, Joseph, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 68, 70; heirs of, in St, Clair County, 1783, 71. Blackfish, Indian chief, death of, 206. Black Hawk, Indian chief, 134. Black-Hawk war, 1832, 51, 53, 133. Blain (Blin), George, widow of, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 71. Blaine, Hon. James G., 135. Blay, Joseph, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Blay, Joseph, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 96. 360 EARLY ILLINOIS. Blay, Louis, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96., ,. Bleakley, Josiah, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Bledsoe, Judge Jesse, 123. Blouin, Daniel, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Blue Licks,, battle of, 157. Blue- Ridge Mountains, 100. Bluen, , 315. ' Blundey, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 93. Board of (Virginia) Comm'rs to Benj. Harrison, goyernoijjof Virginia, con- cerning. Col. John Todd's, jr., ac- counts, etc., 218. Bogy, Lewis V., U.-S. senator, 128. Boison, , 255. Boisverd (Bois Verre, Bbls Vene), Jean Baptiste, head of family, St- Clair County, 1783, 68, 71. Boisverd, Joseph, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 72, 84, 89. Bond of comrniss'rs, to Col. Todd, 1 70. Bond, Shadrach, jr., gov. of Illinois, 6l, 72, 78, 78n, 93, IDS, 109, 112, H3. "49- Bonin, Marguerite, Pierre Menard's mother, 18, 41. Bonneau, Pierre, 25, 28. Bonthorn, 'William, witness at Court of Enquiry, 339-35 '■ Bonvouloir, Joseph, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Boonesboro, Ky., 155. Boquet, Andre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. , ... Bosseron, Maj. Francois, St. Vincennes militia officer, 165, 194, 279. Boston, Mass., 327. Bostonians, 185. Botetourt County, Va., 155. Bouchette's " Topographical Dictionary of Lower Canada," cited, 18 n. Bourassa, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82. Bourassa, Rierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Bourbonais' Grove, 48, 53, 54. Bousseau, Francois, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Bouteillet, Jacque, head of fam., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 323, 324. Bouvet, Rene, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72, 84, 89. Bowen, Ebenezer, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Bowie, Col. James, 129. Bowman. Isaac, km. uk. Bowjnnan, Col. Joseph, 211, 212, 244. Boyer, Antoine, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 82, 89; heirs of, in St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Boynton, John, of: Boynton, Wharton & Morgan, 294, 313. Boynton {John), Wharton (Samuel) & Morgan (George),; merchants, 292, 294, d seq.; articles of agreement be- tween Samuel Bacon and,: 294. . Braddock, Gen. Edward, 232. Bradley, Thadious, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 89; 1795, 93. Bradley, Thomas, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 78, 82 n. Brady (James) & MeKnight (Thomas), merchants of St. Louis, 137 n. Brady, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1790,89. Brady, Thomas, Kaskaskia, 17.83, 68, 70, 72, 80, 80 n, 82 n, 89, 137 n. Brady, Thos., of MeKnight & B., 137, 137 n, 138. Brand, John, St. Clair-County militia, I79S, 93- Brandywine, battle of, 79 n. Branham, William, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1795. 93- Brashears, Richard, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. . Brashears, Capt. Tobias, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 209. Brazaux (Brazot), Louis, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 166; of Court of Kaskaskia, 179-184. Brecon, Brecknockshire, Wales, 140. Breese, Hon. Sidney, 109. Breton, Francis, mined first lead in Missouri, IJ9. Brigandage in the Mississippi, 281. BriggSj Emily, second ■ wife of Pierre Menard, jr., 23. Brindamour, see Michel Menard. British Army-Lists, R. G. Thwart's ex- amination of, cited, 253n. British Board of Trade, cited, 291. British Illinois, Philipe de Rocheblave, sketch of, by E. G. Mason, 253. British Museum, 208 n, 23m. British use of Indians in war, 160. Brocus, William, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Brouilet, , militia officer, St. Vin- cennes, 166. Brookes', , daughter, wife of Capt. Tobias Brashears, 209. Brown's, John Mason, "Address at the Centennial Commemoration of the Battle of the Blue T.inks " ritcrl t cRn, INDEX. 36l Brown, Lionel, of Petosi, Mo., nephew of Aaron Burr, 130. Brown, Windsor, witness before Court of Enquiry, 314, 323, 329, 332, 336, 341, 346, 351- Brusegard, see Beauregard. Bryan (Brian), James, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 78, 89, 96. Bryant's Fort, 206, 217. Brymner's " Calendar of Canadian Ar- chives," cited, 356 n. Bryson (Brisson), Alexis, St.Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Bryson (Brison, Brisson), Isaac, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 78, 89, 96. Buchanan, President James, 133. Buckner, Judge Alexander, 123. Buissiere, — — la, state's -attorney at Kaskaslcia, 1782, 159. Bull, Ruth, of Danville, 111., first wife of Noel leVasseur, 54. Bullitt, William, no. Burnet, David G., president of Repub- lic of Texas, 129. Burr, Col. Aaron, 130. Buteau, Charles, jr., St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 89. Butteau (Buteau), Charles, sr., head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 82. Buteau (Butteau), Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 81, 89. Buteau (Butoe), Joseph, jr., head of family, St. Clair,. 1783, 72. Buteau, Piere, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 84. Butler, Henry, examination of, before Rocheblave at Fort Gage, 269, 271, 272. Buyat, Anthoine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. .Buyat, Anthoine, jr., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85. Buyat, Louis, head of family, Kaskas- lcia, 1783, 61. Buyat, Louis, jr., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85. Byram, Benjamin Joseph, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Cabassier, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 84, 89. Cabassier, Charles, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 84, 89. Cabassier, Francois, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 84, 89. Cabassier, Jean Bapt. , St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 84, 89. Cabassier, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 89; heirs of, in St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Cabassier, Sergt. Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 89. Cabassier, — — , widow, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. Cadien, Pierre Roy alias, heirs of, in St. Clair Co., 1783, 69, 71, 73. Cadron, Charles, called St. Pierre, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 72, 82. Cadron, Charles, jr., St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 89. Cadron, Etienrie, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Cahise, , of Kaskaskia, 148. Cahokia (Kahokia, Kohos), 111., and environs, heads of families at, 1783, 67, 69, 71; military officers at, 1779, 164; civil officers of, 1779, 165. Cailloux, Pierre, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Calais, Joseph, Kaskaskia militia, 1 790, 77. 85, 96. Caldwell, Robert, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 93- Calhoun, John Caldwell, senator, 130, 134- Callahan, Thomas, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85. Calloway, Richard, of Kentucky, 156. Calumet River, 80 n. Campbell, Mrs. Benjamin, 137, 137 n. Campbell, Col. Geo. W., of Chicago, 137- Camp, George, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Camp, Ichabod, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Camp Tippecanoe, battle of, 49; treaty- ° f > 5°. 5'. 5 2 - Campeau, Francois, St. Clair-Co. ^mili- tia, 1790, 82, 89. Camus, Francois, head of fam., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Camus, Pierre, Prairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87. Canada, Nicholas, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 26, 28, 42, 62, 74, 74n. "Canadian Archives, "cited, 227, 227n, 231, 231 n, 234 n, 235 n, 237n, 238 n, 240 n, 254, 256, 256 n, 260, 260 n, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, 269, 272, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 289, 290 n. Canadians in Illinois, 36, 233, 250, 262, 266. 3^2 EARLY ILLINOIS. Canadien, Sanson, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. CarHonneaux, Louis Pierre Francois, notary public of St. Clair County, 20, 28, 62, 65, 75, 96, 165, 180, 185, 220, 260, 261, 271, 272. Cardinal , " refused to serve, " in Court of St. Vincennes, 165. Carleton, Sir Guy, British commander of Canada, 237, 23.8, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 246, 261,, 263, 204, 265, 266, 267, 269, 272, 280 n; petitions ■ to, cited; 235 n, 236 n, 238 n; letters of, cited, 237 n, 238 n, 239 n, 240 n, 24m; letters to, cited, 24m, 242 n, 243 n ; letter to Rocheblave, 253 ; to Germaine, 265, 278; petition of Thos. Bentley to, concerning Rocheblave, 256; letter of Rocheblave to, 283. Carney, Martin, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Carolina boundary, 200. Carondelet, Mo., 23. Cartabonne, Don Silvio Francisco de, Spanish governor of Ste. G en evieve, Mo., 162 n, 174. Casbold, Robert, St. Clair-Co.. militia, i795.,93. ■■; Cascaskia, see Kaskaskia. Cass, Gen. Lewis, commissioner to make Indian treaties, 21, 40. Casson, Antoine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Casson, Catherine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Cassou, Nicholas, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85. ■Casterique, Baptiste, of Peoria, in 1778, 269. /Casterline, Peter, St. Clair-Co. •militia, 1790, 78, 89, 93, 96," Cataraqui, on Grand Isle, 250. iCecil, , of Kahos,,254. Cecire, Joseph, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Cerre, Gabriel, of Court of Kaskaskia, 165, 174, 262, 280, 290; declaration of, 260, 261. Chalfin, Isaac, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 89. Chalfin, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 78, 89, 93, 96. "Chambers' Encyclopedia, "cited, 14m. Chambers, Benjamin, president of leg- islative assembly of Indiana Terri- tory, 107, 109. Chambly, M. de, 18. Champlain, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia. 1700. 80. Champlain, Samuel de, explorer, Chance, Joseph la, St. Clair-Co. tia, 1790, 81, 90, 93. Chance, Nicholas la, jr., head of ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Chance, Nicholas la, sr., head of ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62; liei militia, 1779, 164; judge, 165. Chanse, la, Court of Kask: 1787, 166,' 179, 279. Chanse, Lieut. Jean Bapt. Caillii St. Clair-Co. militia, 1796, 26 75, 86, 273. Chapman, Lieut. , 337. Charleville, Baptiste, first lieute District of Kaskaskia, 164, 185, Charleville, Charles, second lieute District of Kaskaskia, 1783, 62, 185; judge, 165. Charleville, Francois, head of fa Kaskaskia, 1783, 62, 77, 185. Charleville, Joseph Chauvin, he: family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Charleville, Louis, Kaskaskia m; 1790, 62, 85. Charleville, Marie Louise, head of ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Charlevoix's " History of New Fra cited, 180. Charli, Michel, head of family, hei in St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Charpantier, Francois, head of fa Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Chartier, Michel, St. Clair-Co. m 1790, 84. Chartier, Pierre, St. Clair-Co. m 1790, 82, 89. j Chartran,. Alexis, St. Clair-Co. m 1790, 81, 89. : Chartran, Catherine, head of fa Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Chartran, Sergt. Jean Bt., alias Be< St. Clair-Co. militia, (790, 70, 8 heirs of widow of, in St. Clair 1783, 72, 84. Chartran, Mary, widow, head of ily, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 72. Chartran, Michel, St. Clair-Co. m 1790, 89. Chartran, Thomas, St. Clair-Co. tia, 1790, 84, 89. Chartran, Corp'l Tousajnt, St. ( County militia, 1790, 84, 89. Chartranc, , finger cut off b Renards, 255. Chase, Salmon P., senator, 134. Chatele, Louis, St. Clair-Co. m 1790, 68, 70, 72, 81, 89. INDEX. 363 :hemie, John Baptiste, St. Clair-County ' militia, 1790, 82, 89. 3ienie, Joseph, St. Clair -Co. militia,_> __ 1790, 82, 89. ^henier, Antoine, head of family, Kas : - ■ kaskia, 1783, 62. Dhenier, Arcange, widow, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. "henier, Claude, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 72, 82, 89. Cherokee Indians, mention, 185. Chester, 111., 158. Chevalier, Charles, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Chevalier, Francois, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 89. Chevalier, Joseph, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85. Chevalier, Pierre, head of fam. , Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Chicago, first dry-goods store, 44; men- tion, 48, 49, 52, 54, 78 n, 137, 249. . Chicago Historical Society, 21, 54, 6b, 158, 159, 251, 25m. Chicago River, 48, 52. Chicago Times, 138 n. Chickasaw Indians, 195, 200. Chippewa Indians, 40. Chissolm, Hugh McDonald, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85. Chouteau, Francois C, St. Louis, 23. Chouvin, — — , French officer at Fort Chartres, 71 n. Chretien, Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 89. , Christopher (Christofal, Pedro), Pierrie, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 77, 85. Church of the Immaculate Conception, Kaskaskia, 17, 20, 22, 42. Cilley, Hon. Jonathan, M. C. from Maine, 134. Cincinnati, - Indianapolis, - St. Louis - & - Chicago Railroad, 48. Ciree, Jean Baptiste, called St. Michel, 18, 41, 42. Ciree, Louise, dit St. Michel, 41, 42. Ciree, Marie Francoise, called Saint Michel; mother of Pierre Menard, 17, 18, 41, 42, 43. " Clark's Campaign in the Illinois, " ref- erence, 243 n, 244 n. Clark, Francis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85, 182. Clarkj Col. George Rogers; of Virginia, mention of his expedition to Illinois, 61 n, 62 n, 63 n, 64 n, 66 n, 78 n, 79 n, 8on, 9111, 92 n, 100, 101, 102, 156, 160, 161, 162, 163 n, 167, 175, 187, i8q. iqo. iqi, IQ2, 193, 194, 198, 200, 20I, 207, 212, 213, 214, 215, 220, 222, 222 n, 223, 224, 225, 22 <>. 227 n, 228, 229, 240, 243, 244, 245, 251, 256, 260, 289; letter of, to Col. Todd; 195; letter of Gov. Henry to, cited, 25 j n. Clark, John, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62, 182. Clark, Lardner, 29; head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Clark, Gen. William, agent of Indian affairs at St. Louis, Mo., 39; St. Clair- Co. militia, 1795, 93. Clarkesville, n6. Clay, Henry, senator, mention, 40, 123, '34, 135- Clermond, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Clermont, Augusts, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 83, 89. Clermont, Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, '79°, 83, 86. Clino, John, witness in Rice -Jones' murder case, 147. Clover; Adam, St. Clair-Couiity militia, 1795.93- ' Clover, Jacob, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 93- Clover, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, '795. 94- Cochon, Margaret, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Cochran, John, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Cochran, Samuel, of Kaskaskia, 149. Cole, Col. Edward, British comman- dant at Fort Chartres, 292. Coline, Francois, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. "Colonial History of New York, " cited , 355- Columbus, Texas, 131. Comparet, Jean Marie, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 81, 89. Corrite, Ayme, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Comte, Ayme, sr., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Comte, Joseph, Prairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87, 96. Comte, Pierre, Prairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87, 96. Condemnation Proceeding, Court Rec- ord, 178. Connecticut, 79 n. Connolly, Ensign William, member of Court of Enquiry, 297, 317, 326, 342, 344, 355- Connor, Henry, 149. 364 EARLY ILLINOIS. Conrad, Jacques, head of family, , Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Continental Congress, 56, 57. Continental Treasury, 173. Contract, Ante-Nuptial, between Pierre Menard and Therese Godin, 25. Cook, Adam, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85. Cook, Henry, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85. Cook, John, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 74* 85- ■■ .-. Cook, John, jr., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 74, 9°- Cook, Judge John D. , justice of supreme court, Missouri, 123. Cook, Nathaniel, candidate for senate from Missouri, 122. Copy of the Instructions, etc., on the Borrowing Fund of Kohoskia, 169. Core, Jemi, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Cornwallis, Lord Charles, 247. Corset, Francois, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62; of the Court of Kaskaskia, 1779, 166, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184. 1 Coste, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790,83,89. .,-.,..:. Cotinault, Antoine, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1 783, 66. Cotinault, Elizabeth, \}eaA of family, Prairie da Rocher, 1783, 66. Cotine, Jean Bte. , entitled to dona- tion, 96. Council Bluffs, Iowa, 53. Courier, Francois Lefevre, alias, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 68, 70, 72; St.Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83. Courier, jr., Pascal Lefevre, alias, 83, 91- Courtois, Alexis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 89. Craig, John, jr., appointed commissary- general by Col. G. R. Clark, ioi. Creath, George, juror in Rice-Jones murder case, 149. Creli, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Creli, Jerome, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62, 98. Crely, Joseph, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Crittenden, John J., senator, 134. Crittenden, Maj. John, Kentucky, 213. Crockett, Col. David, of Texas, 129. Crockett, Col. Joseph, 202, 205, 206, 211 Croghan, , witness in Court of Crow, Mary, widow, head of fa Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Crow, William, St. Clair-Co. mi 1790, 84, 89. Crown Point, N.Y., 253. Crutcher, Henry, commissioner of hoskia fund, 170, 173. Culmaut, Jean Bapt., Prairie du R< militia, 1790, 87. Cumberland Gap, 100. Cumberland River, 195. Cure, Pierre, head of family, Ka: Ida, 1783, 62. Currency, notice concerning calle 177. Curry, James, head of family, Kai kia, 1783, 62. Dagne, Ambroise, 26, 28. Damour, Jean Baptiste, head of fai Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Dalton, Capt. Valentine T., 101. Danis (Dany), Charles,! second liei ant, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1779, 42, 62, 76, 76 n, 164. Danis, Charles, jr., Kaskaskia mi 1790, 85. Danis, Jerome, head of family, Ka kia, 1783, 62, 76. Danis, Jean, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Danis, J os. , Kaskaskia militia, 1 79c Danis, Michel, sr. , head of family, kaskia, 1783, 62, 76 Danville, 111., 48, 50. Darby, John F., 123. Darby's, William, " Personal Rec< tions, " cited, 123 n, 137 n. Dauphine, France, 231. Davidson (Alex. ) & Stuve's (Ben "History of Illinois," cited, 17 Davis, Jefferson, 134. Davis, John, entitled to donation, Davis, Thomas T., one of first trt of Vincennes University, no. Deane, Silas, 207 n. Decelle, Joseph, head of family, P du Rocher, 1783, 66. Decker, Luke, member of slavery vention at Vincennes, 1802, 105, Docochi, Gabriel, head of fam., P du Rocher, 1783, 66. Docochi, Gabriel, jr.:, Prairie du Ri militia, 1790, 87,; 96. Degagne, Jacques, head of fam., P du Rocher, 1783, 66. Degagne, Jean Baptiste, head of fa INDEX. 365 Degagne, Pierre, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Degagne, , widow, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Degenest, .Court of St. Vincennes, 165. Degonier, Bte., at Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Dejean, Philip, [a justice-of-the-peace] • of Detroit, 281, 282. Delaware Indians, 185, 233, 264, 272, 280. Deline, L.E., member of the Court of St. Vincennes, 1796, 165; second cap- ■ tain, St. Vincennes militia, 1796, 166. Delinel, Ambroise, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 75- Delines, Antoine, entitled to donation, 96. Delisle, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Delisle, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Delisle, Louis, head of family^ Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62. ' Delisle, Marie Louise, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Deloge, Joseph, alias Poirier, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 84, 89-; see Desloges. Delorme, Hubert, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 89. Demarais, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 89. Demete, Franjois, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 89. Dempsey, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, • 1795. 94- Demumbrunt, Timothe, head of family, ■ Kaskaskia, 1783, 62, 180, 186. Dennis, Alexander, St. Clair-Go. mili- tia, 1790, 78, 89, 94, 96. Derouse, dit St. Pierre, Franjois, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 64, 75. Derousse, dit St. Pierre, Jean Baptiste, Kaskaskia militia, 1 790, 86. Derousse, dit St. Pierre, Jerome, Kas- kaskia militia, i79°> 86. Derousse; dit St. Pierre, Joseph, Kas- kaskia militia, 1 790, 86. Derousse, dit St. Pierre, Michel, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 64. Derousse, dit St. Pierre, Philip, Kas- kaskia militia, 1 79b, 86. Deruisseau, Paul, head of family, Kas- ikaskia, 1783, 62. Desloges; Joseph Poirie, sr., dit, head of family, St. Clair Col, 1783, 73; St. ■Clair-Co. militia, 1 790, 84, 89,92; see Deloge. Desloges, Joseph, jr., St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 84, 89. Desloges, Paul Poirie, dit, St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 84, 94. Desplaines River, 111., 48. Detehemendy, Cpnstance, 23. Devaignais, Jac. , Kaskaskia, ■ 1 790, 76. Dickenson College, Carlisle, Pa., 64. Dilailite, Josette, widow, head of fam- ily, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Dillon's (John) " History of Indiana, " cited, 10m, ro2n, lion, Ii6n, I27n. Dion, Francois, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Dodge, Col. Henry, 123, 129, 130, 133. Dodge, Israel, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62, 159. Dodge, Capt. John, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62, 159, 182, 183; Indian agent, 205, 269. Dominque, Antoine, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Donation Lands, lists of those entitled' to, 61, 66, 67, 69, 71, 74, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 93, 95, 97- Dore, Louis, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Dorion, Jean Marie, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 81, 90. Dormeur, Joseph Poire alias, head' of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73. Douberman, John J., of St. Louis, pupil of Chester Harding, portrait of John Rice Jones by, 99. Douglas, Alexander, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Douglas, Stephen A., senator, 134. Doyle, Benj. H., prosecuting-attorney at Kaskaskia, 149. Doza, Alexis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 75, 86, 96. Doza, Arcange, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Doza, Joseph, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62. Drouard, Franjois, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1 783,' 62: Drury, Clement, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 66, 78, 90, 94, 96. Drury, Ralph, entitled to donation, 79> 9°- Drury, Raphael, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 87, 90, 9°- Drury, Wm., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 62, 66. Dubois, Pierre, sr., head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. Dubois, Pierre, jr. , St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 83, 90. 366 EARLY. ILLINOIS. Dubuque, Capt, Jean Baptiste, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 68,69, 70, 72, 73; St. Clair-Cpunty militia, 1790/82., 83, 84, 90, 93. , . Dubuque, Julien, founder of Dubuque, Iowa, 83 n. 1 .... ■ Ducharme, Charles, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73; St.Clair-CountymiHtia,l790, 83. 90, Duchasfpurt de Louvieres, Antoine, member of Court of Kaskaskia, 165. DuClos, Antoinq, , Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. DuClos, Jean Bapt. , Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Duff, Daniel McEl, Kaskaskia, 1788, 182, 183. Duff, John McEl, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62, 182. Dufresne, Jacques Michel, of Kaskas- kia, 1763, 234. Dufresne, Michel Marie, wife of Philip de Rocheblave, 234., Dulude, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Dumartin, Jean Baptiste, head of fam- ily, St. Philips or Prairie du Rocher, on or before 1783, 66. Dumas, Bartholomew, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Dumas (Dumay), Jean Baptiste, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 71. Dumont, Peter, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Dunfield, Frederick, of Kaskaskia, 310. Dunklin, Gov. Daniel, of Missouri, 131. Dunklin, John P, , married a daughter of Gen. Augustus Jones, 131. Dunlap, Dr. James, tried for murder of Rice Jones, 143-50. Dunn's (J. P.) "Indiana," cited, 101 n, I02n, mn, H2h, H3n, H5n, Ii6n, H7n, I42n. Dunn, James, Kaskaskia militia, 1 790, 77- ■ . . , Dunn, Thomas, treasurer-general of Province of Quebec, letters to, cited, 242 n, 243 n, 253, 281, 282, 288, 290. Duplasi, Catherine, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Duplasy, Joseph, captain in Kaskaskia militia, 164; Court of Kaskaskia, 165, 210. Dupuy, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Dutremble, Joseph, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70; heirs of, in Edeline, see Deline. Edgar, Gen. John, merchant of Kas! kia, 20, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 42, 59, 67, 74, 74 n, 87, 88, 104, 109, i 148, 182,, 183. Edgar, Rachel, wife of John Edgar, Edwards, Gov. Ninian,' 109, 1 14 n, ] 153 n. E. a. M., see E. G. Mason. Elliott, Henry, candidate for sei from Missouri, 122. Elliott, James, farmer at Kaskasl 297, et set/. Elliot, Robert, claim against Statt Virginia, 220. Engel, Capt. Philip, St. Clair-Cou militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84, 85; English Turn, Mississippi River, 23 Enochs (Enix), Isaac, St. Clair-Cou militia, 1790, 79, 79 n, 90, 94, gt Espagne, Louis Levasseur d', heac family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, Espy, James, St. Clair-County, mili 1795. 94- Everett, Hon. Edward, 113 m Everett, John, St. Clair-County mili 1795. 94- Ewing,. Nathaniel, one of first trusl of Vincennes University, 1 10. Fagot, Andre, head of family, Kasl kia, 1,783, 62. Falls of the Ohio, ioo, 187, 194, 2 203, 222, 223. Farmer, Maj. Robert, British comm dant at Fort Chartres, 1 765, 292. Feire, - de, merchant of Montn 290. Fernande, Joseph, Kaskaskia. mili 1790, 86. Ferrier, Joseph, Prairie du Rocher n tia, 1790, 87. Finney, James, adherent of Dr. Jai Dunlap, 148, I48n, 150,, 151. Fisher, Myers, of Philadelphia, 10c Flanary, Daniel, jr., head of fam Kaskaskia, 1783, 62, Flanary, Elijah, head of family, K kaskia, 1783, 62, Flanary, Thomas, head 1 of family, K kaskia, 1783, 62. Flandre, Jean, head of famfly, Pra dn Rocher,. 1783, 66, 96. Fleming, Wm., one of commissioi INDEX. 367 Fleurant, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 90. Floyd, Davis, raemher of slavery con- vention at Vincennes, 1802, 105 "Floyd & Co., 1794," p aper water . mark, 97 n. Folk, — — , of Kaskaskia, 148. Ford, Gov. Thomas, lawyer of Peoria, "History of Illinois," cited, 143 n. Fort Carillon, 254. Fort Chartres, Court of Enquiry at, 1770, by Hon. John Moses, 291 ; 20, 56, 57, 58, 81 n, 235, 291, 297, 310, 323, 33i. Fort Chissel, 100. Fort Cumberland, 233. Fort Delaware, 135. Fort Duquesne, 231, 233. Fort Gage, 239, 261, 262, 263, 265, 268, 269, 277,' 278, 279, 281, 282, 289, 290. Fort Henry, 135. Fort Jefferson, 79 n, 183, 183 n, 200, 205, 219, 226. Fort Lafayette, 134. Fort Niagara, 233. Fort Pitt, 100, 210, 233, 242, 254 n, , 269, 271, 274, 279, 283, 285, 300. Fortin, Marie ; Rose, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Foubert, Pierre Jacques, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 90. Fowler, Lieut. Alexander, member of Court of Enquiry, 297, et seq. Fox Indians, 40, 263. Fox River, III., 52. Fox River, Wis., 46, 47. Franchere, Elenore, 54. Franklin, Benjamin, 100, 207 n. Franklin, George, juror in Rice-Jones murder case, 149. French Lick on Cumberland, 195. French River, Canada, 45 n. French in Illinois, 56, 160, 161, 171, 234- French militia of Kaskaskia, 197. Fulton, James, juror in Rice- Jones mur- der case, 149. Funk, Jacob, juror in Rice- Jones mur- der case, 149. G Gage, Gen. Thos., British commander at New York, 235, 236. Gagne, Amable, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. ; Gagne, Joseph, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 63, . ; Gagnie, Raphael, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 68, 70, 72. Gagnion, Louisj head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68; heirs of, St. Clair Co., 1783, 72. Gagnon, Marie, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Gallaher, Philip, Kaskaskia militia,. 1 790, 86. 1 , . Galloway, — 1 — , interested in land-grant with Boynton, Wharton & Morgan,. 353- Galveston, Texas, 22. Galvez, Don Bernardo, Spanish gov- ernorat New Orleans, 191, 192; cap- tures Mobile, 193. Gamelin, Capt. Pierre, St. Vincennes- militia, 103, 127, 166, 191 ; member oftbe Court of St; Vincennes, 165. Gard, Department of, France, 18. Garrison (Garretson, Garatson), James.. St. Clair-Co. militia, 1 790, 62, 72, 79,. 90, 94, 96. Gaud, Louis, jr., St. Clair-Co. militia, I790, 83, 90. Gaud, Louis, sr. , St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 7<5, 72, 83, 90.. Gautiaux.'Ensign Jacques, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 76, 96. Gatien, Pierre, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70. Gayarre, Chas., letters of, cited, 234 n. Geins, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94- GelaspiBj William, 208. Gendron (Gandron), John Bapt'e, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783,62,65, 76. Gendron, John Baptiste, jr. , Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 76, 86, 96. Gendron, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, I790, 83, 90. Gendron, Perre Bte., res.fof St. Clair County, 1790, 76. Genereu, Joseph, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. George, Capt. Robert, 219, 220. Georgian Bay, British America; 45 n. Gerard, Francois, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. 1 Germain, Ensign Charles, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 73, 84, 90. Germain, Jean Baptiste, Kaskaskia. militia, 1790, 86. Germain (Germin), Louis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 62, 74, 86, 96. Germain, Louis, jr., Kaskaskia militia,. 1790, 75- Germaine, Lord George, 237, 237 n, 238n, 239n, 24cm, 241, 265, 266, 278. 568 EARLY ILLINOIS. }ermans, plan for settling, on Missis- sippi, 347. 349- ieronie, Francis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 90. Jervais, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 90. Jervais, Ensign Phillip, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 81, 90. iervaise, , priest, of St. Antoine de Richelieu, Canada, 41, 42. Jeyerj Hon. Henry S., 123. Jibault, Pierre, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Jibbons (Givoon), John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94. Jibson, John, secretary of Indiana Ter- ritory, 21, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 104, 109, no, 133. Jilbreath, James, Kaskaskia, 147, 148, 150. Jill, Charles, St. Clair-Cottnty militia, 1 790, 62, 79, 84, 90, 96. Jillham, Isaac, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94- Jillham, James, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Jillham, Samuel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795* 94- lirard, Augustin, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Jirard St. Jean Pierre, Jean Bte., St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. Jirardin (Gerardine), Antoine, jr., St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 90. jirardin, Antoine, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 68,' 70^72, 73; member of Court of Kohokias, 165. Jirardin, Michel, head of family, Caho- kia, 1 783, 68, 70; heirs of, in St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Jirardot, , widow, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Mroux, , head of family, St. Clair County, 1 783* 72. >iroux, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, , 1790, 9°- Jirradin, Lieut. , District of Ko- hokia, 164. lirty, Simon, 157. ilinel, Ambroise, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. ioden, Lieut. , St.Vincennes mili- tia, 166. lodin, Jean Noel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 90. Jodin, Sergt. Pierre, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 84, 90. JJodin, Therese* wife of Pierre Menard, Godin,"dit Touranjeau, Michel, member of Court of Kohokia, 20', 76n, 164, 165. Gogis, Charles, 27 r. Going, William, jr., St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94. Going, William, sr., St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94. Goldihg, Henry, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Gomer, Jean, Prairie du. Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 77, 87. Goneville, Jean Baptiste Rupalais, alias 81, 92. Goneville, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 83, 90. Goneville, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790,83,90. •" Gossiaux, Jacque, Kaskaskia militia, ■ 1790, 86. ."- • Gotio (Goho), , Kaskaskia, 307, 349, 35o. Grandbois, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 90. Grant, Gen. Ulysses- Simpson, mention, 137. Gratiot, Charles, member of Court of Kohokia, 165, 186. Graves, William J., representative, of Kentucky, 134. Gray, David, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Great Wilderness Road, 100. Green Bay, Wisconsin, 46. Green, Thos., of Kaskaskia^ 182, 183. Grenier, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790,90. .;, Grenier, Pierre, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Griffin, George, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94- Griffin, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94- Griffin, Hon. John, judge of supreme court, Indiana Terr'y, 21, 32, 33. Grignon, Augustin, for sketch of see "Wisconsin Historical Society's Col- lections," 251. Grondine, Francois, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 81, 90. Grondine, Ignace, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 90. Grondine, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 90. Groots (Grotz), 1 Jacob, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62; heirs of, in St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Groots, William, St. Clair-County mili- INDEX. 369 Grosle, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 84, 90. Groselliers, Sieur des, at Kaskaskia, 1778, 280. Guiguelle, Johannes, entitled to dona- tion, 96. •Guise (Guice), David; St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79, 90, 94, 96. Guitar, Corp'l Jean, St. Clair - County militia, 1790, 84, 90. Guitar, Pierre, sr., St.Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 68, 70; 84. Guitar, Pierre, jr., St. Clair-Co. militia, I790. 84, 90. Gwathmey, Samuel, of Illinois, 107, 109, no. H Haggins,; Judge James, 123. Hagon, Chas. Lacroix, alias, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 72. Haldimand, Maj. -Gen. Frederick, Brit- ish gov.-gen., 1773, 227n, 236, 237n, 240, 245 n, 246, 247, 247 11, 248, 249, 249n, 250, 251, 251 n, 26on; letters to de Bude, 240 n; to Hamilton, 246n; to Holland, 25on; to Peyster, 247 n, 248 n; to Rocheblave, 248 n, 250 n. Haldimand Papers, 61 n, 187 n, 208 n, 227n, 23m, 235n, 239n, 240^-245 n, 247n, 248 n, 249 n, 250 n, 251 ri, 254. Halfpenny, Thomas, St; Clair-County militia, 1795, 94. Hamilton, Hon. Alexander, 130. Hamilton, Lieut.-Gov. Henry, of De- troit, 19S, 237, 239, 240, 241, 246, 266, 269, 273, 275, 280, 289ns made prisoner by Geo. Rogers Clark, 244, 245 ; letter to Haldimand, cited, 246n. Hamilton, Maj. Robert, British com- mandant at Fort Chartres, 254 n. Hamilton, William, * St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94. Hamtramck, Maj. John Francis, com. of "Wabash regiment," 103, 127. Hand, Brig. -Gen. Edward, 271. Handley; Samuel, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Hanover County, Virginia, 138, 155. Hanson, John, of Kaskaskia; treacher- ous to British cause, 289. .Hard, James, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79. Harmand, alias Sansfacon, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72. Harmand, Antoine, jr., St. Clair-Co. militia, 174°, 83, 9°- Harmand (Hermand), Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 90. Harmand (Hermand), Louis, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 83, 90. Harmar, Gen. Josiah, expedition against Miamis, 1787,' 103. Harness, Leonard, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, ;790, 79, 90, 94, 96. Harralson, Paul, juror in Rice -Jones murder case, 149. Harrison, Benjamin, gov. of Va. , Board of Com'rs to, 218, 221. Harrison, Richard, witness to commis- sioner's bond, 170. Harrison, William Henry, governor of Indiana Territory, 21, 31, 33, 34, 36, 105, 109, no, 112, 113, 115. Harrisonians, oppose division of Indi- ana Territory, 112, 114, 115, ir6, 141, 142, 145 n. Harry, John, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 63. Hauslay, Jonatame, Kaskaskia militia, before 1795, 77. ; Havana, Cuba, specie shippedfrom, to Illinois; 193. Hawkins,: Maj; James, of Mo., 129. Hawkins, Jane, wife of Col. John Todd, 157. Hay (May), Jean de, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72, 107, 109. Hay, Lateau, of Peoria, 1778, 269. Hays, John, sheriff of St. Clair Co., 1798-1816, 81, 81 n, 90. Head, James, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 90, 94. Hebert, Edward, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790. 83, 9°- Helm, Capt. Leonard, 177. Henderson, James, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 79, 90, 94, 96. Hendricks, George, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 79, 90, 94, 96. Henry, Patrick, governor of Virginia, 155, 156, 159, 164, 244; instructions to Col. Todd, 159, 251, 25m. Henry, Moses, 185. Henry, William Wirt, 158 n. Herrington, Elisha, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94. Herrington, William, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94. Hicks, David, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 63. Hilaire, Alexander, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Hite, Isaac, letter to, from Capt. Bow- man, cited, 244 n. 'O EARLY ILLINOIS. offman, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795,94- ,,.■■: ogan, Gen. , of Little Rock, Ark. , killed by Hon. Andrew Scott, 1827, 136. .. ogan, Joseph, St. Clair 1 Co. militia, 1795. 94-. ■ , olloway, John, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. ouse, Adam, St. CIah>County militia, 1795.94- ouston, Gen. Sam, of Texas, 129. owe's " The Laws and Courts of the Northwest and Indiana Territories, " lion, ubbard, Gurdon Saltonstall, 44, 47, 49, 5o. 51. 53. 54- uff, Michael, St. Clair-County militia, 79, 90, 96, 182. ughes, Thomas, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783* 63. oil, Daniel, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 94- ! ■ - ; ..- ■ ull, Geils, St. Clair.- County militia, '795. 94- ull, Ensign Nathaniel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 66, 79, 90, 94. lurst, .Henry, one of trustees of Vin- cennes University, 1 10. uslands, Ilarman, St.Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1795, 94- • tutchins, Ensign Thomas, afterward surveyor-general of the U.-S. ; mem- ber of Court of Enquiry, 293, et seq. [ymen, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, '79°. 83, 90. llinois battalion, 222 n, 256 n. llinois cavalry, the Twelfth, 54. llinois citizens, lists of early, 55, 61, 66, 67, 69, 74, 78, 80, 82, 84, 87, : 88, 93, 95- llinois Country, grants of land to set- tlers in, 58, 59; expedition of Geo. Rogers Clark to, 156, 160, 161; scar- city of currency in, 188, 194; British designs against, 195, 205, 213, 222; surrendered by France to Great Brit- ain, 1765, 234; John Todd its first governor under Virginia, 244. ■■ • llinois, list of commissions in, military and civil, 164. llinois separation from Indiana, strag- gle for, 141, 142. mlay's " Topographical Description of the Western Territory of America, " Indiana, Historical Society of, 55. Indiana State University at Blooming- ton, iio. ~ Indiana Territory, 21, 104; laws of, no, 141; 142. Indian allies, 201. Indian grants, difficulty of validating; size of, 188. Indians', trading with, 47; defeat John Todd at Blue Licks, Ky., 156-7; Illi- nois an outpost against, 161; John Todd's instructions respecting; treat- ment of, 162; their assistance sought by the British and Americans, 155; recruited by Col. de la Balme, 2o8n>; capture Todd's horses, 212, 214, 232; sell land to Daniel and Wm. Murray, 256 n, 272. See also under separate tribes. Indian title extinguished by treaty of Camp Tippecanoe, details, 52. Iron banks on east side of Mississippi, below junction with Ohio, site of Fort Jefferson, 183 n. Iroquois country, 49. Jack, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 9°, 9&- Jackson,. President Andrew, 130, 134. Jacquemin^ Jean Baptiste, head of fam- ily, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Janis, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63; ensign, District of Kaskaskia, 1779, 164. Jariis, Capt. Francois, 25, 28, 42, 59, 75, 75 n, 78, 86, 96, 185?. Janis, Capt. Nicholas, 63; res. of Kas- kaskia, 1790, 164; member Court of Kaskaskia, 1779, 165; order of Col. Todd to, 1 72. Janis, P., 75. Jarrad, Guy, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 63. Jauntetot, Louis, of Peoria, 1778, 269,* Jean, William, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Jefferson County, Ky., militia of, 212; settlements in, 213, 215, 216; board of commissioners in, in 1783, 218. Jefferson,' Thomas, gov. of Va., 38 n, 1130; president; 106, 134; appoints Col. Todd colonel of Fayette Go. , . Ky., 1782, 159; letters of Col. Todd to, 193, 200, 204, 205, 211, 213; letter ■of," to Va. house, 199; letters of, to Col. Todd, 227, 227 n, 229, 245; INDEX. 371 Jesuits, held property in Kaskaskia, 77 n. Jeunbergere, Laurent, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 81. Jodouin, , widow, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 63, 66. Johnson, Maj.-Gen. Bushrod R., 135. Johnson, James, one of first trustees of Vincennes University, no. Johnson, Judge John, 109, 1 io. Johnson, Col. Rich'd Mentor, 123, 152. Johnson, Sir William, at Fort Niagara, 233. Johnston, Gen. Washington, 109, 1 10. Joliet, Louis, discoverer, 46 n. Jones, Andrew Thompson, son of Myers Fisher Jones, 133. Jones, Gen. Augustus, second son of John R. Jones, 1796-1887, 128, 130. Jones, Augustus Dodge, son of Gen. Augustus Jones, publicist of reputa- tion, died in 1885, author of "True Method of Electing the President and Vice-President of the U. S.," 131. Jones, Chas. Scott Dodge, son of Gen. G. W. Jones, 135. Jones, Eliza, daughter of John Rice Jones, 128; married Hon. Andrew Scott, 136. Jones, Geo. Rice Gratiot, son of Gen. G. W. Jones, 135. Jones, Gen. Geo. Wallace, son of John Rice Jones, 128; sketch of his life, 133; mention, 60, 61 n, 66 n, 123 n, 138 n, 152. Jones, Harriet, dau. of John Rice Jones, 128; first husband, Thos. Brady of St. Louis; second husband, Hon. John Scott of Ste. Genevieve, Mo., 137. Jones, Henry, St. Clair-County militia, i795> 94- , ■ T Jones, John, father of John Rice Jones, 99- Jones, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94; son of John Rice Jones, 125. Jones, Judge John Rice, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1790, 66 n, 75, 75 n; Kaskaskia militia, 86; paper on, by W. A. Burt Jones, 99; born in Mall- wyd, Wales, Feb. n, 1759; practised ■ law in London; came to America, 1784, 99; joined Geo. R. Clark's ex- pedition, 100; commissary -general, 101 ; took part in Gen. Harmar's ex- pedition, 103; large land- owner, 104; attorney-general of the Territory in 1 801; pro-slavery sentiments, 105; settled at Kaskaskia, 107; compiled laws of Indiana Territory; promoted Vincennes University, no; rupture with W. H. Harrison on division of Indiana Terr'y, U2; removed to St. Louis in 1810; good linguist, 117; engaged in lead industry, 118; one of framers of Missouri constitution, 121; justice of the Missouri supreme court, 123; his character, by Gov. Reynolds, 124; married, 1759, 125; second marriage, 127; mention, 60, 61, 68, 123 n, 139, 140, 141, 142, 145, 146, 150.- Jones, Gen. John Rice, son of John Rice Jones, born Jan. 8, 1792; one of first settlers in Texas; died, 1845, 128, 129, 130. Jones, Mrs. J. Russell, 127. Jones, Maria, daughter of John Rice Jones, i'26. Jones, Michael, attorney, of Kaskaskia, administers oaths of office to Pierre Menard, 35, 36; indicted for abet- ting the murder of Rice Jones, 144-5 > candidate for congress in 1808, 145 n; admitted to bail, 280; acquitted, 150. Jones, Hon. Myers Fisher, son of John Rice Jones, engaged in industrial pur- suits, 126, 128. Jones, Nancy, daughter of John Rice Jones, 128. Jones, Judge Obadiah, 149. Jones, Oscar Peery, son of Myers Fisher Jones, 133. Jones, Peter, one of first trustees of Vincennes University, no. Jones, Rice, son of John Rice Jones, 107; assassination of, 118; birth of, 125; memoir of, by W. A. Burt Jones, 140-53; born at Brecon, Wales, 1781; studied law at Litchfield, Conn., 140; practised at Kaskaskia, 1806; pro- slavist, 141; representative for Ran- dolph County to the legislature, 142; fought duel with Wm. Morrison, 144; assassinated by Dr. James Dunlap, 146; his abilities, 151. Jones, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790. 79. 90, 94- Jones, William Augustus Bodley, son of Gen. Geo. Wallace Jones, 135. Jones, W. A. Burt, of St. Paul, Minn., sketch of John Rice Jones by, 99; sketch of the life of Rice Jones by, 140. Jones, William Ashley, son of Gen. Augustus Jones, publicist and sur- veyor; died in 1856, 131. Jones, William Powell, U. S. N., son of Jolm Rice Jones, 126, 129, 135. 372 EARLY ILLINOIS. Journal of Congress (of the Confedera- tion), cited, 57 n. Judy, Jacob, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Judy, Samuel, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86, 94. Julien, Francois, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. K Kahokia, see Cahokia. , Kali os, see Cahokia. .- Kane, Elias Kent, see'y of state, 109. Kaskaskia ( Cascaskia, Kaskaskias, Kas- kaskies), III., parish register, Church of the Immaculate Conception, cited, 17, ,20, 22, ,42; heads of families at, 1783 and before, 61; residents at, in 1790, 74; militia, list of, in 1790, 85; military commissions, 1 779; 164; civil officers, 1779, 165; 1787, 166; order to hold court at, 1779, 174; parish records, 23 1 n, 234 n. Kaskaskia Indians, 203, 308. Kekionga, on the Maumee River, 208 n. Kemp, , of Kaskaskia, 186. Kennedy, Patrick, of Kaskaskia, 63, 255. 256. 25611, 271, 272, 293, 323, 324, 33C, 34i. 347, 348. 349", 35«- Kennerly, George H., son-in-law of Pierre Menard, 23. Kenon, Lawrence, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94- Keokuk, Indian chief, 134. Kenyon, Lawrence, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 66, 79, 90, 96. Kickapoo Indians, 261, 263, 264. Kincade, James, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Kinney, Abraham, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94- Kinney, Andrew, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Kinney, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, I79S. 94- Kinney, Samuel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Kinney, Winder, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Kohos, see Cahokia. Kohoskia fund, 169, 170. Kuykendall; Jacob, one of first trustees of University of Vincennes, 1 10. Labiche, Elizabeth, head of family, Labriere, Antoine, Kaskaskia mili 1790, 86. Labriere, Raymond Normand, heat family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 75. Labrosse, Marie^ head of family, Pra du Rocher, 1783, 66. Labuxiere (Labusiere), Antoine, i Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 90. Labuxiere, Francois, St. Clair -Cou militia, 1790, 90. Labuxiere, Joseph, head of famil Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Labuxiere ( Labusiere), Louis, St. CI: County militia, 1790, 83, 90. LaChapelle, Ensign Antoine, Kask kia militia,, ,1790^74, 74 n, 86, 96 LaChapelle, Baptiste, Kaskaskia m tia, 1790, 74, 86, 96, 128. LaChapellej Bazile, Kaskaskia milil 1790, 74, 74 n, 86, 96, 128. LaChapelle, Charles, head of fami Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. LaChapelle, Jn., res. of Kaskask 1790, 74. LaChapelle, Joseph, Kaskaskia milit 1790, 86, 96. LaChapelle, Louis, Kaskaskia milit 1790, 86. LaChapelle, Marie Louise, widow, he of family, Kaskaskia, 1 783, 63, 7.1 LaChoisie, , French soldier, Rod blave suspected of having assas inated, 232. LaCoste, Pierre, head of family, K kaskia, 1783, 63. LaCourse, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. m tia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84, 90. LaCouture, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. m tia; 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84, 90. LaCroix, alias Hagon, Chas., St. Cla County militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, i 90. LaCroix, Isedore, St. Clair-Co. milit 1790, 81, 90. LaCroix, Jean Baptiste, head of fami Cahokia, 1783, 70, 72 ; sheriff of ( hokia, 1779, 165, 173, 176. Laderoule, Baptiste, head of fami Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 76. Laderoute, Jacque, Kaskaskia milit 179°, 77. 86, 96. Laderoute, dit Seguin, Louis, Kask: kia militia, 1790, 76, 86. Laffont, Jean Baptiste, head of fami Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Laflamnie, Bazile, St. Clair-Co. milit 1790, 83, 90. Laflamme, Louis, St. Clair-Co. milit INDEX. 373. Lafleur, Paul Poupard alias, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73. LaFleur, Pierre, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70. Laforme, Chas., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Laforme, Chas., jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Laforme, Hipolite, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. LaGaudiniere, Michel, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Lagauterie, Ignace, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. LaG^ave, Michel, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Lajeunesse, Sergt. Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1 790, 8 \, 90. Lajoie, Thereze, widow, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Lajoye, Jean Bapt., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Lajoye, Pierre, Prairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87, 96. Lake-Pepin Reservation, 131. Lalamet, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 90. , LaLancete, Sergt. Joseph, head of fam- ily, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72, 84. Lalande, Alexander, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Lalande, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 84, 90. Lamar, Mirabeau B., 129. Lamarche, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 70, 72, 81, 90. Lamarche, Jacque, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 90. Lamarche, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 90. Lambert, Eustache, of Peoria, 2.69. Lambert, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia; 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84, 90. Langlade, Chas. de, 231, 232, 233. Langlois, , of Kaskaskia, 148. Langlois, Catherine, widow, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. Langlois, Etienne, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Langlois, Gabriel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790,81,90. Langlois, Gerard, head of family, Prai- rie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Langlois, Pierre, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Langlois, Raphael, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 90. Langlois, Therese Poupard, widow, '"head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 73. Languedoc, province of, France, 18. Lapence (Lapensee), Sergt. Francois- Xavier, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83>9i- Lapence (Lapensee), Jean, St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84,. 9i- r • i Lapence (Lapensee), Lieut. Joseph, St.. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 83,91; heirs of, St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Laperche, Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Laplante, Alexis, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Laplante, Joseph, St. ClairTCo. militia,. I790, 83, 91. LaPrairie, near Montreal, 19, 22. Larkin, , St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79. Laroche, Pierre, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1 783, . 67. Larue, Jean, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 11783, 63. Lasablonier ( Lasabloniare), Jacques, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67; at Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. LaSource, Antoine, witness before the Court of Enquiry, 315, 316. LaSource, Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1 783, 63, 63 n, 64 n. Lasource, Catherine, widow, head of , family, Kaskaskia, 1 783, 63. Lasource, Helen, widow, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Lasource, Jacques, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63, 63n, 64n; member of Court of Kaskaskia, 1779, 165. Lasource (Lasassese), Michael, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 78, 86. Lassonde, Louis, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. Latulippe, Capt. Pierre (Guery), one of witnesses at marriage of P. Menard and Therese Godin, 1792, 25, 28; member of Court of St. Vincennes, 1779, 165; militia officer at St. Vin- cennes, 1779, 166. Lavertue, Dennis, St. Clair-Co. militia, I790, 83, 91. Lavigne, Ambroise, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Lavigne, Antoine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63; St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 75, 97- Lavoie, Joseph, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. Lavoye, Joseph, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Lawrence's Creek, 214. 374 EARLY ILLINOIS. Law's (John) " The Colonial History of Vincennes-, " cited, 103 n, 127 n. Leach, George, no. Lead-mines of Missouri, 120. Lead-mining in Mo., pioneers of, 1 18. Leavens, Henry, surety for Miehael Jones, 149. Leavens, Thomas, surety for Michael Jones, 149. LeBasque, Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militiaj 1790, 77. Leblanc, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, I79°> 9'- Leboeuf, Marianne, widow of Phillip, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Leboeuf, Phillip, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 91. Lebrun, Sergt. Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 81, 91. LeCompte, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 83, 91. LeDuc, Hon. Marie P., of Missouri legislature, 122. LeFevre, Chas., head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. LeFevre, Francois, alias Courier, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 68, 70, 72. 83. LeFevre, alias Courier, jr., Francois, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 91. LeFevre, Jean Marie, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. LeFevre, Laurent, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 91. LeFevre, alias Courier, Pascal, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. LeGrand, Gabriel, clerk of Court of St. Vincennes, 165. LeGras, Col. J. M. P., 165, 190, 191, 198, 199, 228, 289. Lemen (Lemmon), James, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 91, 94, 96, 182. Lemieux, Claude, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63, 75. Lemieux, Francois, Kaskaskia, 1790, 75, 86, 96. Lemieux, Louis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 75, 86, 96. Lepage, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. militia, I790. 83, 91. Lepage, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 71, 83, 91. Lepage, Leon, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Lepage, Simon, St. Clair-Co. militia, I790> 83, 91. Lepage, -? — , widow, head of family, Letang, Pascal, St. Clair - Co. milit 1790, 81, 91. Letourneau, Jacque, St. Clair - Coiii militia, 1790, 84, 91. Levy, Isaac, head of family, Cahok 1783, 68, 70; heirs of, St. Clair C 1783,-72; mention, 254. Levy, Louis Pierre, St. Clair-Co. m tia, 1790, 91. ' Lewis, Gen. Andrew, 155. Lewis, Meriwether, governor of Loui ana Territory, 21, 36, 37. Leyba, Don Ferdinande de, Span: commandant, 175. Libberville, Joseph, head of fami Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. License for trade, in 1796, 166. Limestone Creek, 156, 221. Limestone Run, 214. Lincoln, President Abraham, 133. Lincoln County, militia of, 212. Lindsay, , T89, 192, 201, 208, 2< 212. Linitot, Godefroy, 228. Liny, W., 271. Lionnais, -, of Peoria, 269. "Liste des Habitans resident aux K kaskias en 1 790, " 74. Litchfield, Conn., law-school of, 14c Lize, Pierre, St. Clair-County milit 1790,81,91. Locat, Rene, head of family, Cahok 1783, 68, 70; heirs of, St. Clair C 1783, 72- Lock, John, St. Clair-County milit 1795, 94- Locuyer dit St. Sauveur, Pierre, Clair-County militia, 1790; 92. Logan (Tah-gah-jute), Indian, 206. Logan, Col. Benjamin, 215, 216. Logan's town, 206. Loisie, Mary Jeane, widow, head family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71. Longchamp, Louis de, head of fami Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Longtemp (Loncting), Constant, Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81,91. Longval, Francois, head of fami St. Clair County, 1783, 71; St- Cli Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Longval, Francois, sr., head of fami Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 72; St. Cli Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Longval, Hippolite, St. Clair-Co. m tia, 1790, 83, 91. Longval, Hubert, St. Clair-Co. mili 1790, 91. Longvalle, Jn., Kaskaskia militia, 17 INDEX. 375 Longval (Lonval), Joseph, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 86, 96. LongvaI( Lonval, Louvalle), Louis, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 75. Longval, Michel, St. Clair-Co. militia, , I790, 83, 91. 'Lord, Capt. and Maj. Hugh, 236, 237, 2 37n, 238, 244, 246, 250, 253, 25311, 2 54P, 257, 259, 262, 266, 278, 290. Lord, Richard, 104. Loups, chiefs of the, 280. Louviere, Antoine du Chasfourt de, jr., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783. 67, 323. 324. 341- Louviere, Antoine du Chasfourt de, sr., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, !783> 6 7. 3 2 3> 324; of the Court of Kaskaskia, 1779, 165. Louviere, Pierre, head of fam., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. Lucas, Judge John B. C, 122. Lunceford (Luntsford), Geo., St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 79, 91, 94, 96. Lyle, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 91- Lynn, William, 220. M McBride, William, juror in Rice-Jones' murder case, 149. McCall, , witness of murder of Rice Jones, 147. McCan, Daniel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- McCarty, Richard, of Cahokia, license to trade, 1779, 166; sketch of,'HJ7,n, 2 55 n; goods delivered to, 184; cap- tain in Illinois regiment, 205 ; IStter to John Todd, 206; letter to RocKe- blave, 168, 254. McConnell's Station, Kentucky, 204. McCormick, John, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. McCrosky, Pat., 177. McDonough's "History of Randolph County, " cited, Il7n, 145 n, 15cm. McDowell, John, secretary, 192. McFee, Thos., of Kaskaskia, witness in Court of 'Enquiry, 329, 332, 353. McFerron, John, surety for Michael Jones, 149.' McGirk, Judge Mathias, Missouri, 123. McKee, Samuel, one of first trustees of Vincennes University, no. McKnight [John] & Brady [Thomas], of St. Louis, merchants, 137. McKnight, Thomas, of Brady & Mc- Knight, 137. 2t.-1.d-ld, McLaughlin, Henry, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 91, 94. McLaughlin, William, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94. McLosky, Alexander, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. McNabb, Alexander, Kaskaskia mili- tia, 1790, 77, 86, 96. McNabb, Archibald, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 149. McNabb, James, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 77. 86, 96. McNair, Gov. Alexander, of Missouri, 121. McNamee, Elias, one of first trustees of Vincennes University, no. McRoberts, James [father of Senator Samuel and Judge Josiah], St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 91. McRoberts, Judge Samuel, 123. Macon, Amable, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 9'i • Madison, James, secretary of state, 38. Maillet, F., of Peoria, 268. Maisonville, Joseph, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63; a merchant of Detroit, witness to deposition of Gabriel Cerre at Ft. Gage, April 29, 1777, 260, 261; at Detroit in 1778, 276. Manegre, Corp. Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Manuel, negro, warrant for execution of, by burning alive, 172. Marechal, , widow,' head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. Marie, Joseph, St. Clair-County militia, I790, 83, 91. Marin, Sieur. Perriere, in Wisconsin in 1759. 233, 269. Marleaux (Marlow), Andrew, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 84, 91. Marleaux, Gabriel, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 81, 91. Marleaux, Gabriel, jr. , St. Clsur-County militia, 1790, 91. Marleaux, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 91. Marquette, Jaques, explorer, 46 n. Marrois, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Mars (Marr), Thomas, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79, 91, 94. Marshall, T. , member of Virginia com- missioners, 221. Marthen, P., lieutenant in District of Cahokia, 1 64; member of Cahokia Court, 165. Martin, Corp. Pierre, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 69, 71, 72, 85, 91. 376 EARLY ILLINOIS. Martin, Pierre, jr., St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 85, 91. Mascoiitin Indians, 261, 264, 268. Mason, Edward Gay, sketch of Pierre Menard by, 17; lists of early Illinois citizens, introduction by, 55; sketch of Philippe de Rocheblave, by, 231 ; and various notes throughout the vol- ume signed E. G. M. Masterson, Michael, St. Clair- County militia, 1795, 94. Mathers, Elihu, St. Clair -Co. militia, I79S. 94- Mathews, Capt. R., secretary of Gen. Haldimand, 248; letters cited, to Rocheblave, 249 n; to Maj. Lord, 250 n; to Haldimand, 251 n; from Rocheblave, 248 n, 250, 251. Maxwell, Elizabeth, 42. Maxwell, Hugh H., 23. Maxwell, Col. Lucien, of "Maxwell land-grant," 23. " Maxwell land-grant, " 23. May, le, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. May, Francois le, St. Clair-Co. militia, I790. 84, 91. May (Hay), Jean de, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 72. May, Mary Louise, widow of Louis, le, alias Theophile, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. May field, -, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Mayiot, Jacque, St. Clair-Co. militia, I790;85, 91- Mease's, E. , notes on maps in Pitman's "European Settlements, " cited, 234n. Menard, Amedee, son of Pierre, 24. Menard, Mrs. Augustine (Ste. Gemme), 24; letters of, cited, i8n, I9n, 2on. Menard, Alzira, daughter of Pierre Menard, 23. Menard, Berenice, daughter of Pierre Menard, 23. Menard, Edmund, son of Pierre Men- ard, member of legislature for Ran- dolph County, 23. Menard, Francois P., son of Pierre Menard, 23. Menard, Hippolite, brother of Pierre Menard, 19, 22. Menard, Jean Baptiste, called Brinda- mour, father of Pierre Menard, 17, 18, 19. 41. 42> 43- Menard, Jean Francois, brother of Pierre Menard, 19, 22. Menard, Jean Marie, brother of Pierre Menard. 18. Menard,{John, 147. Menard, Louis Cyprien, 23. Menard, Matthew Saucier, son of P Menard, 23. Menard, Michel, brother of Pie: Menard, 19. Menard, Michel [Brindamour], nef of Pierre Menard, elected chie Shawnees; one of the founder Texas, 22. Menard, Odile, daughter of Piei Menard, 23. Menard, Peter, son of Pierre, 23. Menard, Pierre, dit Brindamour ( trait), 19; sketch of, 17-24; born 7, 1766, at St. Antoine, Lower 1 ada, 17; at Vincennes in 1788, interviews Gen. Washington in 1 20; marries Therese Godin in 1 married again in 1806 to Angel Saucier, 20; list of positions hel him, 21 ; died in 1844, 22; first ele to public office in Kaskaskia, I 20; res. of Kaskaskia, 1790, 77; lieut. -gov. of Illinois, 77 n; 2d the dau. of Francois Saucier, S Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86; ent to donation, 96; mention, 74 n, ; 104, 105, 107, 109, 123, 148, 25 Menard Papers, Pierre, by Ed wan Mason, 25-43; ante-nuptial cont 25; commission as major of mi 29; as judge of Randolph Cov as associate-judge of criminal ci 31; ,to take testimony in land-( claims; as judge of court of com ple£s, 34; as lieut. -colonel of mi 35, 38; as captain of infantry, 3< Indian agent, 39; to make In treaties, 40; birth and family, 4 Menard, Sophie A., dau. of Pi Menard, 24. Mendoza, Sergt. Joseph, St. Claii militia, 1790, 83, 91. Mercier, Hubert, St. Clair-Co. mi 1790, 91. Mercier, Jacques, head of family, kaskia, 1783, 63. Mercier, Sergt. Jean Baptiste, St. C Co. militia, 1790, 69, 71, 72, 81 Mercier, Julien, St. Clair-Co. mi 1790, 81, 91. Mercier, Mary, head of family, C kia, 1783, 69. Merney, John, St. Clair-County mi 1795. 94- Messinger, John, elected to Iegisl of Indiana Territory, in St. Clair 114.. 142. INDEX. 377 Mesuri (St. Genevieve, Mo.), 220. Methode, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. - militia, 1790, 91. Metioier (Mitevur), Michel, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 85, 91. Meurin, Father, 235. Miami Indians, 103, 208 n. Miault, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Miault (Miot), Magdalen Angelique, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Milam, Col. Benj. R., of Texas, 129. M ilitia of St. Clair Co. , Aug. 1 , 1 790, 88. Militia rolls, 74, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, 87, 93. 95- Mine a Breton, now Potosi, Mo., 118, 120. Misere, see Ste. Genevieve, Mo. Mitot, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83. Monast, Mrs. (Carrie le Vasseur), wife of Dr. Pierre Louis, of Chicago, 54. Monroe, President James, 136. Montague's "Directory and Historical Sketches of Randolph Co.," cited, 17 n. Montcalm, Gen. Louis Joseph de St. Viran, Marquis de, defeat of, in 1759, 234- Montgomery, Gen. Richard, 19. Montgomery, Col. John, head of fam., Kaskaskia, 1783, 63; commanding at Kaskaskia, 178, 184, 185, 193, 209, 210, 218; letter of, to Board of Com. for settlement of West'n Acc'ts, 221, 222 n, 256; mention, 205. Montreuil (Montureulle), Jean Bapte., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 76. Montrie, Francois, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Mooney, Mary, widow of James, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 72. Moore,'' James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 63; oath of allegiance of, '79- Moore, John, St. Clair-County mihtia, 1790. 79, 91. 94, 9°- Moore, , widow of James, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 72. Moore, Stephen R., of Kankakee, 111., memoir of Noel le Vasseur by, 44. Moore, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790. 9V94- Morace, a slave, 173. Moraniy, Jac, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Morensi, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 17B3, 63. Morgan, George, of Kaskaskia, mer- chant, 56, 270; of Boynton, Wharton & M., 292; Court of Enquiry to ad- just disputes between certain French citizens and, 291, et seq. Morgan memorial, before Continental congress, 57- Morin, Antoine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Morin, James, Kaskaskia, 1790, 272. Moiin, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 91. Morris, Alexis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Morris, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 63. Morris, Jean Baptiste, Kaskaskia mili- tia, 1790, 86. Morris, Samuel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790. 79. 9i. 96. Morrison, Judge John, of Waterloo, 111., 146. Morrison, Robert, of Kaskaskia, 104, 105, 147. Morrison, William, of Kaskaskia, 20, 42, 65, 67, 74>n,. 77, 77 n, 86, 87, 104, 143, 147, 148. Moses, John, introduction to "Court of Enquiry at Fort Chartres" by, 420, et seq. Mothe, Capt. Guillaume la, 263. Mount St. Mary's College, Emmets- burg, Maryland, 23". Mullowney, Dr. Stephen, U.-S. consul to Monterey, Mexico, 131. Mulotte, Jacque, St. Clair-Co. militia,, 1790, 81, 91. Mulotte, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair -Co. militia, 1790, 69, 71, 73, 81, 91. Munier, Jean, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83. 91- Murdoch (Moredock), Maj. John, of Kaskaskia, 79, 79 n, 91, 94, 96, 105. Murray, Daniel, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64; trader, sketch of,. 256 n, 259 ; treacherous to British cause, 289. Murray, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790. 79. 79 ». 9i, 94, 96; sketch, 256 n. Music, David, St. Clair-County militia, 1 795. 94- Music, Eli, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 94- N Nathan, Simon, purveyor to Geo. R- Clark's army, 198, 219, 228. 378 EARLY ILLINOIS. Navelle, Antoine, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 77. Navelle, Marque, Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. Nehaume, Paul, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Nelson, Elijah, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. New Design, settlers of, in 1795, 93 n. " New -York Colonial Documents," cited, 232 n, 23311. Nichola, Madam , 315. Nicholle (Nicolle), Etienne, St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 81, 91. Nicholle (Nicolle), Julien, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 91. Noize, Francois, dit 1' Abbe, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1 790, 85. Normand, Jean Baptiste, Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. Northwestern Fur-Company, 251. •■ Norton, James, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94- Obuchon, Gabriel, sr., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 86. Ogle, Benjamin, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79. 91. 94- Ogle, Jacob, St. Clair- County militia, I795- 94- Ogle, Joseph, jr., St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 91. 94, 9°- Ogle, Joseph, si*., St. Clair-Co. militia, I79P, 79, 79", 91, 96, 182. O'Hara, Henry (henerey oharo), head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 79, 94- O'Hara, Henry, jr., St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 91. O'Hara, James, 96, 104. O'Hara (Oharro), John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790,. 79, 91, 94, 96. ■Old Settlers' Association of Iroquois County, Illinois, 44. ., .!< •Olivier, Nicholas, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. •Ollivier, Donatien, priest of Kaskas- kia, 20. Omier, Jean Baptiste, Kaskaskia mili- tia, 1790, 87. Ordinance of 1787, mention, 56, 106, 108, in. O'Reilly, Don Alexandra, Spanish com- mander at New Orleans,. £35, 236. Orr, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64, 182. Ottawa Indians, 40. Owen, Hannah, mother of John Todd, Pagan, David, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64. Page, Etienne, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64, 74. Page, Joseph,- head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64, 78, 97. Page, Lieut. -Gov. John, letter to John Todd, 190. Pancrass, Francois, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 81, 91. Pancrass, Marrain, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 91. Panerasse, Therese, widow, head oi family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71; heirs of, St. Clair County, 1783,. 73. Parard, Etienne, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 77. Parisien, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Parke, Benjamin, delegate from Indi- ana Territory, 108, 109, no, III. Pazet, Mile. , 254. Pearson, Capt. , at Quebec, 1777, 266. Pecard (Picard), Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1 790, 83. Peck, Judge James H., 123. Pees, see Peoria. Peltier, alias Antaya, Capt. Antoine, militia of Randolph Co., 1790, 86, 87, 96. Peltier (Pelletier, Pettie), Joseph, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 69, 71, 73, 85, 91- • Peltier (Pelletier)i Michel, alias Antaya. head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73- Peltry account, 1779, 184, 218, 219. Penn, William, 54. Pensoneau (Pinsonneau). Etienne, St Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 92. Pensoneau (Pansinneau, Panconneaux) Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790 81, 91. Peoria, 111., formerly Fort Clark, 23 268; letter of inhabitants of, to Roche blave, 268. Syn., Le Pe, Lee Pee Opa, Pay, Pays, Pe, Pees, Au Pay. Perie, Joseph, St. Clair-County militia 1790, 83. Perier, Baptiste, entitled to donation 97. Perier, Catherine, widow, head of fam. Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. Perio, Jean Baptiste, head of family Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71. INDEX. 379 Perrin, Jean Baptiste, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64; Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Perrot, Nicholas, member of Court Vincennes, 165. Perry, Rev. Francis Noel, grandson of Noel le Vasseur, 54. Perry (Perrey), Jean Francois, St. Clair County militia, 1790, 92, 105. Peyster, Maj. Arent Schuyler de, 227 n, 247, 26011, 263; letter to Haldimand, cited, 248 n; letter of, cited, 256 n. Picard, Pierre, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64; St. Clair-Co. militia. 1790, 83, 87, 92, 178. Pickaway, the, 206. Pierce, President Franklin, 131. Piggot, Capt. James, St. Clair-Co. mili tia, 1790, 59, 64, 73, 78, 79, 79 n, 80, 9 Z , 93, 94; r °ll of company of, in first militia regiment, Apr. 26, 1790, 78 Sept., 1795, 93. Piggot, Levi, St. Clair-County militia 1790, 92, 94. Piggot, William, St. Clair-Co. militia !79o, 79, 92, 97- Pilet, Charles; St. Clair-County militia 1790, 81, 92. Pilet, Louis, head of family, Cahokia !783, 69, 71, 73; St. Clair-Co. mili tia, 1790, 8i, 92. Pilet, Michel, St. Clair-County militia. .1790, 83, 92. Piper, Daniel, entitled to donation, 97 Pipps, Windsor, head of family, Kas kaskia, 1783, 64. Placey, Capt. , 173. Point Pleasant, battle of, 155. Poirier, Joseph, alias Desloges, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 89, 92; head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68. Poirier, Joseph, jr., alias Desloges, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1790, 84, 89. Poirier, Paul, dit Desloges, St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 84, 92. "Poliuto," Franc B. Wilkie's nom de p'ume, 138^ Polk, President James Knox, 133. Pollock, Oliver, of New Orleans, let- ters, Col. Todd to, 191; to Col. Todd, 193; mention, 192, 213, 218, 219, 220, 223, 228. Pond, John, St. Clair-County militia, ■ « 795. 94- Pope, Nathaniel, sec'yoflll. Ter., 21, 38; fac-simile, 39; 109, 123. Pope, Pierre la, Cahokia, 1783, 72. Portage des Sioux, Mo., 20, 81 n, 83 n. Porter, Gov. Geo. B., of Michigan, 133. Porter, John, St. Clair-County militia, !790, 79, 92. 94, 97- Porter, R., of Kaskaskia, 147. Portugais, Manuel, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Post of Arkansas, 136. Post St. Vincent, see Vincennes, Ind. Potomac River, 100, 233. Potosi, Mo., formerly Mine a Breton, 118, 139 n. Pottawatomie country, 49. Pottawatomie Indians, 40, 44, 47, 51, 78 n, 255, 264. Poupard, Joseph, alias Dormeur, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 73; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 92. Poupard, Sergt. Paul, alias Lafleur, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Poupard, Therese, wid. Langlois, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73. Powell, Gen. Henry Watson, 256 n. Powell, Eliza, first wife of John Rice Jones, 125. Powell, Richard, 125. Powell, Mary, 125. Powers, George, St. Clair-Co. militia, i79o, 79, 92, 97- Poweshiek, Indian chief, 134. Prairie du Chien, Wis., 46. Prairie du Pont, etc. , in 1 783, heads of families at Cahokia, 71, 55. Prairie du Rocher and St. Phillips, in- habitants of, in 1783, 66; militia officer of, 1779, 164; mention, 55, 56, 58, 63. Pressley, Peter, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Prideaux, Gen. John, 233. Prince of Wales' Own Regiment, 75th foot, 254 n. Prince, Wm., member of slavery con- vention at Vincennes, 1802, 105. Pring, Nathaniel C, 84. Provant, Antoin, res. of St. Clair Co., i79o, 75- Provost, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 92. Provost (Prevost), Corp. Bartholomew, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 92. Provot (Provau), Pierre, head of fam., Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 75. Quiquette, John, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 76. Quirk, Capt. , 205. 3 8o EARLY ILLINOIS. Racine, Marie, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64. Radford, J.ohrtD., of St. Louis, 24. Raine, Elizabeth, widow, head of fam- ily, St. Clair Co., 1783, 64, 73. Ralls, Hon. Daniel, 122. "Randolph, Monroe, and Perry Coun- ties, 111., History of, " cited, I7n. Raper, Daniel, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790. 79. 92, 94. . Rapelais, Jean Baptiste, alias Genville, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 92. Raphael, Theresej 42, 43. RassStte, , widow of August, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71. Raven, Village of the, on the Illinois River, 261. Raynor, Jesse, St. Clair-County militia, 179°. 92, 94- Reaume, Paul, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64.' Reboulla, Madeleine, grandmother of Pierre Menard, 18, 41. Rector, William, 149. Relle, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83. Renards (Fox Indians), 255. Renard, Jean le, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 91. Renaud, Antoine, head, of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64* 98, 314. Renaud, Charlote, 98. Renoue, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64, 67. Renousse, Francois, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 85, 92. Renoux, Charles, head of fam. , Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 64; 67. Reynolds, Gov. John, 123, 124, 125, 151, 153; "Pioneer History of Illi- nois," cited, 17 n, 1911, 22n,.8in, U2n, u6n, njn, n8n, 14m, I58n, 243 "• Reynolds, Hon. Robert, father of Gov. Reynolds, 105, 109, 124, 148 n. Richard, Bartholomew, in Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Richard, Henry, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Richard, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. - Richard, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64.;, Richard, Pierre, res. of Kaskaskia in 1783. 199; in I790. 64* 75- Richardson, George, St. Clair-Coupty Richardson, Ensign William, mer of Court of Enquiry, 297, 313, 342, 344. 355- Richelieui River, known also as CI bly, Sorel, St. Louis, and St. Ji in Lower Canada, 17, 18. . Richerville, , St. Vincennes; mil 1787, 166. . Riddick, Thomas F., 38. Rigby. Josh., 296. Ritchie, John, St. Clair-County mil 1790, 81, 92. Roberts, George, St. Clair-Co. mil 1795.95- Roberts, John, of Kaskaskia, 1 70. Robertson, Edward, St. Clair-Co militia, 1795, 95. Robin, Charles, head of family, ' kaskia, 1783,64,64^ Robin, Charles, jr., Kaskaskia mil 1790, 86. : .1.., Robins, William, St. Clair-Co. mi 1790,92,95,97. Robinson, , of Kaskaskia, 147; Roche, Michel, St. Clair-Co. mil 1790, 92. . ■ Rocheblave, Jean Joseph de Ra Marquis de, father of Philippe, Rocheblave, Madame Marie de, of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64* 254; letters of, to Haldimand, c 237 n, 245 n, 250 n. Rocheblave, Noel de, nephew 1 Philip, 251. Rocheblave, Philippe Francois de tel, Chevalier de, Noel le Vasse employ of, 45 ?; head of family, kaskia, 1783, 64; res. of Kaska .1 790, 76; Kaskaskia militia, ent to donation, 97; Gov. Henry': structions regarding his family, sketch of, 231-52; letters of, to Gov. Abbott, 263,. 264, 281; c 242 n; to Lt.-Gov. Hamilton, 280; cited, 240 n; to Bisseron, to Thomas Dunn, 281, 282; c 242 n, 243 n; to Carleton, 272, 289; cited, 24m, 242 n, 243 n; Carleton to, 253; cited, 239 r Gen. Haldimand, cited, 231 n, 2 24611, 247n, 248 n, 249 n, 25on; Gen. Haldimand to, 248 n, 250 Mathews, cited, 248n, 249n; Mathews, '.cited, 249 n; to Germ 266, 278; cited, 23m, 234n, 2 238 n, 368 n, 240, 241 n; from R McCarty to, 254; Thomas Ben petition to Carleton concerning, INDEX. 381 260; Carleton to Germaine concern- ing, 265 ; letter of Peoria inhabitants to, 268; examination of Henry But-- * ler before, 269; plans of, cited, 246 n; warrants to, cited, 247 n, 248 n. Rocheblave, Pierre de, nephew of Philip, 251. Rock, , St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 85. Rock Village, Illinois, 48, 49. Rodrigues, Christina, nee Barger, 128. Rodrigues, Diego, 128. Rogers, Benjamin, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 79, 92, 95, 97. Rogers, Col. David, 187, 189, 192, 196. Rohle, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. Roi (Roy), Andre, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1 790, 87, 97. Roi (Roy, Roine), Pierre, alias Cadien, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71; heirs of, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73. Roilhe, Pierre, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. Ronn, Jesse, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79. Rouband to Haldimand, letter of, cited, 250 n. Rougas, Joseph, militia officer of St. Vincennes, 1779, 166. Rouliard, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, I79°> 83, 92. Rousseau, Francois, entitled to dona- tion, 97. Royer, Augustin, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Rozier, Ferdinand, of Ste. Genevieve, Mo., 137. Rumsey, J. , of Kaskaskia, 296, et seq. Rupalais, alias Goneville, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81. Russell, — — , 157. Rush, Dr. Benjamin, of Philadelphia, Penn., 100. Rutherford, Larkin, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 95. Ryan, Catherine, widow, head of fam- ily, Prairie du Rocher, 1 783, 67. Ryan, Josiah, St. Clair-County militia, 1790,' 67, 80, 92, 94, 97. Sac Indians, 40, 51, 52, 263. Sanba, Catherine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Sansfacon, Ensign Antoine Harmon, dit of the District of Cahokia, 1779, 7 2 » Saratoga, battle of, 79 n. Sargent, Winthrop, secretary of North- west Territory, 58, 63 n, 96, 96 n. Saucier, Ahgelique, second wife of Pierre Menard, 20. ■ Saucier, Capt. Francois, 20; head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 81, 81 n, 92; clerk of Court of Cahokia, 1779, 165. Saucier, Lieut. Jean Baptiste, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73, 83 n; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 81 n, 82, 92; member of Court of Cahokia, 1779, 165. Saucier, Ensign Mathieu, head of fam- ily, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81 n, 83, 92. Schoolcraft, Henry R., 119. Scharf 's " History of St. Louis City and County, " cited, 138 n. Schieffelin, Lieut. Jacob, of Detroit Volunteers, 246. Scioto towns, 155. Scott, Judge Andrew, of Virginia, 136, 137, I38- i- Scott, James,- St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Scott, Hon, John, of Ste. Genevieve, Mo., 123, 138. Scott, John R. Homer, 137. Sequin dit Laderoute, Louis, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 77, 86. Seve, de, Montreal, 276. Severns (Sovereigns), Ebenezer, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 97. Seward, Wm. H., sec'y of state, 134. Seybold, Robert, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Shabonee (Shaubena), Indian chief, liv- ing at Peoria, 51, 53. Shannon, William, of Ste. Genevieve, 128. Shawanasee, chief of Peoria Indians, Si. S3- o Shawnee Indians, 22, 185, 206, 212, 232, 233. Shawnee's towns, 204. Shelby, Col. Evan, 222. Shultz, Daniel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Simpson, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 95. Simpson, John Knaresborough, Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 86. Sink, Daniel, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 95- Sioux nation, 131. Slaughter. Col. Geo.. 170. 187. iqo. 218. 382 EARLY ILLINOIS. Smith, Christopher, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, gz. Smith, ex-Gov. Henry, 129. Smith, Henry, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64, 178, 183. Smith, Hugh, of Kaskaskia, 186. Smith T, Col. John, duel of, 130, 13cm. Smith, Nicholas, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64; 73. Smith, Peter, St. Clair-Countyi militia, 1795.95- Smith, T., 148. Sonn, Andre, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 76. Sorel, M. de, commander of fort, 18. Sovereigns, Ebeneazar, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 97. Spaniards in Illinois, 101, 194, 195, 203; at St. Louis, 239. Spanish commandant near Kaskaskia, 162; at Ste. Genevieve, 174. Spanish settlement in Illinois, 211. Spanish piastres current in Illinois, 199. Squires, Michel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95- St. Ange (Onge), Jean Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64. St. Antoine, parish in Seignory of Con- trecceur, Co. of Vercheres, 17, 25. St. Antoine de Richelieu, on Chambly, extracts from the parish registers of, 17 n, 18 n, 41. St. Asaph Station, Kentucky, 155. St. Aubin, Claude, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790; 92. St. Aubin, Jacque, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 83, 92. St. Aubin, Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83. St. Clair, Gov. Arthur, 21, 29, 56, 58, 58 n, 59, 60, 72 n, 78, 79 n, 80, 82, 95 n. 97 ii- St. Clair, James, 82 n. St. Clair, Jane, wife of Wm., 20, 42. " St. Clair Papers, " cited, 58 n. St. Clair, Lieut.-Col. Wm;, 20, 42, 69, 73, 82, 83, 84, 85, 93. St. Cyr, John Mary Ireneus, parish priest at Kaskaskia, 43, 43 n. Ste. G6mme, Augustine, wife of Louis Cyprien Menard, 24. Ste. Genevieve, Mo., 23, 77n, 116, 133, 137. 138. 139 n, 143. '62. 23i, 255 ii- St. Germain, Louis, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 81, 92. St. Jean Pierre, Jean Bte. Girard, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. Qf I , ICOI J, \1ir-U £*-. n St. Michel, dame Marie Francoii Ciree, 17, 18. St. Michel d? Yamaska, Canada, 44 St. Philips, village in Illinois, 55, 57, 60,67; inhabitants of, in 1783 St. Pierre, Rev. Father de, 20, 42, St. Pierre, Charles Cadron, dit, hea fani., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66 St. Pierre, Francois Derousse, heai family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 75, St. Pierre, Jerome Derousse, Kas kia militia, 1790, 75, 86, 97. St. Pierre, Joseph Derousse, St. C County militia, 1790, 86. St. Pierre, Michael Derousse, heai family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64; 1 kaskia militia, 1 790, 74, 86. St. Pierre,' Philipe Derousse, res, Kaskaskia, 1790, 75, 86, 97. St. Sauveur, Pierre Locuyer dit, Clair-County militia, 1 790, 92. St. Ursule, 255 n. St. Viateur's College, 53. St. Vincent, see Vincennes. Stanton, Secretary Edward M., 13 Stanwix, Gen. John, 233. Sterling, Capt. Thomas, in comm at Fort Chartres, 291. Stevenson, Samuel, 182. Strother, Hon. Geo. F., 123. Stuart, Judge Alexander, 149. Sullivan (Suliphon), John, St. Clair- militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Sumner, Charles, senator, 134. Sweeney, Jacob, St. Clair-Co. mil 1795. 95- Switzler's " History of Missouri, " ci 121 n, 122 n. Tabeau, Alexis, head of family, Ci kia, 1783, 69, 71; heirs of, 73. Tabeau, Pierre Antoine, St. Clair- militia, 1790, 81, 92. Tangue, Catherine, widow, head family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, Tanguej Francois, Prairie du R01 militia, 1790, 87, 97. Tangue, Joseph, sr., head of fan Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67, 97. Tangue, Joseph, jr., head of fan Prairie du Rocher, 1 783, 67; Pr: du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Tanley, , of Kaskaskia, 310. Tardiveau, Bartholomew, Kaskas militia, 1790, 42, 86. T n ..«... T TJ-_*!_j.- 1 l ft- INDEX. 383 Taumur, Marie Anne, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 6411. Taylor, Waller, of Indiana, no. Tecier (Tetier), Pierre, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Teel (Theel), Levy, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86, 95. Tellier, Amant, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 85, 92. Tellier, Gabriel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790. 83, 92. Tellier, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64; militia, 1790, 86. Tennessee River, 200. Terrell, Wm. H. H., secretary of In- diana Historical Society, 55. Texas, 22, 129, 131, 132. Thaumur, Jean Baptiste, jr., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Thaumur, Mary Ann, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64 n. Theophile, Mary Louise le May, alias, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. Thibault, Charles, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Thibault, Francois, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67; at Kas- kaskia, 1790, 75- Thibault, Francois, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 97. Thibault, Jean Baptiste, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Thibault (Tibeaux), Jerome, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 76, 86, 97. Thomas, Jesse Burgess, of Kaskaskia, 109, in, 142, 149, 152 n. Thomas (Tomas), Mark, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. Thomason, Dr. , of Kaskaskia, 1770, 308. Thuillier, Jacques, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Thuillier, Joseph, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Thwaite, Reuben G., cited, 253n, 2j4n; cor. sec'y Wisconsin Historical So- ciety, 293. Tobins, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80. Todd, David, father of Col. John, 155. Todd, Edward, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Todd, John, jr., mention, 55, 56, 62 n, 63 n, 66 n, 77 n, 244; sketch of, by Edward G. Mason, 155-8; Record- Book of, 159-86; Gov. Henry's in- structions to, 159; proclamations of, 171, 173, 175, 176; Papersof, 187- nprttlnn 9.CT. Todd, Rev. John, uncle of Col. John, 155- Todd, Levi, brother of Col. John, 155, 244. Todd, Hannah Owen, mother of Col. John, 157. Todd, Thomas, 1 St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Todd, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Todd's Station, Ky., 156. Toiton, Simon, Prairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87. Tonton, Francoise, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783^ 64, 98. Tomure, Jean" Baptiste, sr., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 76. Touchet, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, I790, 83, 92. Toulouse, Antonie Barutel Noel, Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 75, 85, 86, 97. Toulouse, Francois Barutel dit, Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 86. Toulouse, Henry Barutel dit, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 85. Toulouse, Joseph Barutel dit, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64. Toulouse, Pierre Barutel dit, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 75, 86, 97. Tourangeau, Capt. Michel Godin dit, of Kaskaskia, 20, 25, 28, 164, 165; see Michel Godin. Tourangeauj Mad. Theresa St. Gemme Bauvais dit, wid. of Michel Godin, res. of Kaskaskia, 1790, 28, 76, 76 n. Trails across the State in 1820, 48. Transylvania (West'n Kentucky), 155. Transylvania University, 133, 140, 152. Travis, Col. Wm. B., of Texas, 129. Treasury notes, a plan for borrowing $33,333^ of, both belonging to this State and to the United States, 168. Trentham, , head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Triggy Col. Stephen, 211. Trotier, Auguste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Trotier, Clement, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Trotier, Francois, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 69, 71, 81; comm't of District and member of Court of Ca- hokia, 1779, 164, 165; heirs of, 73. Trotier, Francois, jr., St. Clair-County militia, 1 790, 81. Trotier, Francois, son of Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 92. Trotier, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 81 n, 92. , 384 EARLY ILLINOIS. Trotter, Joseph, son of Louis, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 82, 92. Trotier, Louis, sr., St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 69, 71, 73, 81, 92. Trotier, Louis, jr., St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Trumbull, Gen. M. M., 134. Truteau, Jyte, of Peoria, 1778, 269. Tureau (Zureau), Rene, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 93. Turgeon, Francois, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 69, 71; 83, 92. Turgeon, Nicholas, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 82, 92. Turgeon, , widow of Nicholas, head .-. of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73. U Union prison on Johnson Island, Lake Erie, 135. Unirat & Eirre, Messrs., 276. Vadbonceur, Louis, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 85, 92. Val, Amable, of Peoria, 269. Valentine, Dennis, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 82, 92. Valle, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64, 65. VanBuren, President Martin, 133. Vandandaigue, Pierre, dit Gadbois, 41, 42. Vanderburgh, Henry, no. Vandet, Jean, St. Claif-County militia, 1790, 92. Vasseur, Ambroise le, Prairie du Roch- er militia, 1790, 87, 97. Vasseur, Carrie le, wife of Dr. Monast, 54 Vasseur, Edward le, 54. Vasseur, Frederick (Alfred), 54. Vasseur, George le, 54. Vasseur, Joseph le, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Vasseur d'Espagne, Louis le, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1 790, 66, 87. Vasseur, Nicholas le, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Vasseur, Noel le, sketch of, by Stephen R. Moore, 44-54; born at St. Michel d'Yamaska, Canada, 1799; in Chi- cago in 1820, 44; entered service of Rocheblave, 181 7, and Amer. Fur- Co., 45; went to Prairie du Chien, 46; trading in the Iroquois with Hubbard, aq: marries Watseka. to- appointed agent for removal of In- dians, 53.; married in 1837; names of his eight children, 54. Vasseur, Stanislas le, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Vasseur, William le, 54. Vaudreuil, Marquis de, French gov.- general of Canada, 232, 245. Vaudry (Vaudiere), Joseph, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73. Vaudry, Joseph, jr., St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 92. Venault, Joseph, of Peoria, 1 778, 269. Vigo, Col. Francis, 19: 105, 109, no. Villaret, Corp. Francois, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 92. Villaret, Louis, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Villiers, Neyon de, 234. Vineennes (Poste Vincene,' Post Vin- cennes, St. Vincent), capital of Indi- ana Territory, 21, 33, 34, 35, 55, 57, 58, 60, 64 n, 75 n, 98, 100, 102, 103, 104, no, 139 n, 140, 142, 152 n, 167 n, 191, 194, 198, 199, 204, 208 n, 223, 241, 242, 26on, 262, 267, 273, 289, 306, 314, 315, 346; petition of certain inhabitants of, to governor of Northwest Ter'y, 97; University of, no; civil and military officers for 1779, 165. "Virginia State Papers," cited, 190,. 193. 195. 199. 200, 204, 205, 206, 208, 211, 212, 213, 216, 221. Virginian Archives, 260 n. Viviat, ' , of Kaskaskia, 259. Vizina, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, §2, 92. Voss, Henry, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 95- W Wabash Company, claims of, based on Wm. Murray's purchases of lands from Indians, 256 n. Wabash Indians, 100, 102, 185. Wabash routes, 272. Wabash Regiment, 103. Wadle, Alexander, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 92, 95. Wadle, David, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 92, 95. Wadle (Waddel), Jesse, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 93, 95, 9,7. Wallace, Caleb, 221. Wallace, George, ilOj 133. INDEX. 38? Ware, -Hardy, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 93. 95- Warrant for execution of negro, John Todd to Richard Winston, 172. Washington, Gen. George, 20, 58, M3n, 245. Watseka, Indian girl, of Rock Village, 111., married to G. S. Hubbard and afterward to Noel le Vasseur, 50. Wattape, , widow, head of family. Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71. Watts, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64. Wea Indians, allied with the British in 1781, 256n. Webster, Daniel, 134. Wells, Heaton (Haydon), head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64. West, Isaac, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 80, 93, 95, 97. Western Military Institute, Nashville, Tenn., 135. Wharton, Samuel, of Philadelphia, a joint owner of land near Kaskaskia; of Boynton, W. & Morgan, 292, et seq. White, Laton (Leighton), St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 93, 97. Whiteside, Davis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 95- Whiteside, George John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95. Whiteside, Jacob, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 95- Whiteside, Joel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 95- Whiteside, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 95- Whiteside, John Johnson, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95. Whiteside, John Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95. Whiteside Station, settlers of, in 1795, 93 "■ Whiteside, Uel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95- Whiteside, William, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 95. Whiteside, Wm. Bolin, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95. Whiteside, William Young, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86, 95. Wickliffe, Robert, married Mary Owen Todd, 157. Wideman, Thomas, of Kaskaskia, 149. Wilkie, Franc B., Chicago journalist,, 138 n. Wilkins, Col. John, British comman- dant of Illinois country, 235, 236, Court of Enquiry at Fort Chartres, 321-56. Wilkinson, George, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 80, 92, 97. Wiley, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64. Will County, 111., 48. Williams, James, of Kaskaskia, 159. Williams, John,, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Williams, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95- Williamsburg, Va., mention, 156, 189, 229, 260 n, 290 n; letters dated at, I 59. I 9°. '98, 218, 227. Willing, James, descends the Ohio andt captures fur-traders, 242, 243, 273, 281, 283, 284, 285. Wilson, James, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95- Wilson, Hon. Samuel Montford, 138. Winn, Thomas, St. Clair-Co. militia, I790, 85, 92. Winnebago Indians, 40. Winona and St. Peter Railroad, 131. Winston, Richard, a res. of Kaskaskia, prior to 1 783, 64; a military prisoner, 1782, 159, 159 n; com'd't at Kaskas- kia, 1779, 164, 335; sheriff of Kas- kaskia, 165; witness, 170; Col. John Todd's instructions to, 172; letter to Col. Todd, 208, 221 n; partner of Pat. Kennedy, 257 n; treacherous to the British cause, 289; a witness in Court of Enquiry at Fort Chartres, 293. 336, 339. 34i. Winston, Mrs. Richard, widow, at Kaskaskia, 1783, 64. " Wisconsin Historical Society's Collec- tions, " cited, 23m, 232P, 233n, 25m. Wisconsin River, 47. Wise, Henry A., congressman, 134. Wistill, Martin, taken prisoner by the Shawnees, 206. Witmer, Geo., St. Clair-Co. militia, 97. Witmer, George, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Witmer, Nicholas, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 97. Woods, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Worley, John, St. Clair-County militia, . I790, 93. 95- Worley, Joseph, 182. Worley, Samuel, St. Clair-Co. militia,. 1790, 80,. 93, 95, 97. Wright, Silas, senator, 134. Wyeth, Dr. Jacob, of Cambridge,. 386 EARLY ILLINOIS. Wykoff, William, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Wynne, Lieut. Lewis, member of Court of Enquiry, 297, et seq. Yankton, Okobojo & Fort Buford Rail- road Company, 131. Yellow-Head, Indian chief, 48, 50. Young, Francois, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 93- Zippe, George, St. Clair-Co. mil 1795. 95- Zippe, Joseph, St. Clair-County mil 1 795. 95- Zippe, Peter, at Cahokia in 1783, 71. 73. 80, 93, 95, 97. Zureau (Tureau), Rene, St-Clair- militia, 1790, 82, 93. FERGtiS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 3 4. EARLY ILLINOIS. FERGUS 1 HISTORICAL SERIES, Nos. 31, 32, 33, and 34. Vol. One— Parts I, II, III, IV. EARLY ILLINOIS. ILLUSTRATED. REPRINTED FROM Vol. IV, Chicago Historical Society's Collections: "Early Chicago and Illinois." CHICAGO: FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY. 1890. FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, Nos. 31, 32, 33, and 34. CONTENTS OF EARLY ILLINOIS PARTS I, II, III, AND IV. PART I. List of Illustrations, ...... 12 Menard, Pierre, Sketch of, by Edward G. Mason, 17 Pierre-Menard Papers: Ante-Nuptial Contract between Pierre Menard and Miss Therese Godin, June 13, 1792, - 25 Pierre Menard's Commissions as Major of Militia, - 29 Pierre Menard's Commission as Judge of the Courts of Randolph County, ------ 31 Pierre Menard and John Edgar's Commissions as Asso- ciate Judges, Criminal Court, Randolph County, - 31 Pierre Menard's Commission to take Testimony in Land- OfEce Claims, ------ 34 Pierre Menard's Commission as Judge of Court of Com- mon Pleas, Randolph County, - - - - 34 Pierre Menard's Commission as Lieut.-Colonel First Reg't Randolph Co. Militia, under the Laws of Indiana Terr'y, 35 Pierre Menard's Commission as Captain of Infantry in Louisiana Territory, - ' - - - - 36 Pierre Menard's Commission as Lieut.-Colonel First Reg't Randolph Co. Militia, under the Laws of Illinois Terr'y, 38 Pierre Menard's Commission as Indian Agent, - 3g Lewis Cass and Pierre Menard's Commissions to make Indian Treaties, - 4° Record of Marriage of Pierre Menard's Parents, - - 41 Record of the Baptism of Pierre Menard, - - 41 Record of the First Marriage of Pierre Menard, - - 42 Record of the Burial of Pierre Menard, - - 43 Vasseur, Noel le, by Stephen R. Moore, - - - 44 Lists of Early Illinois Citizens, Introduction by E. G. Mason, 55 Heads of Families in Kaskaskia in or before 1783, v - 61 Inhabitants of Prairie du Rocher and St. Philips in 1783, 66 • Heads of Families in Cahokia and its Environs in 1783, 67, 69 Heads of Families at Cahokia, Prairie du Pont, etc., 1783, 71 Liste des Habitans resident aux Kaskaskias en 1790, 74 9 10 EARLY ILLINOIS. Lists of Early Illinois Citizens: Capt. Piggot's Company in First Militia Regiment, April 26, 1790, - - 78 Roll of Capt. Francois Saucier's Company, August 1, 1790, 80 Roll of Capt. Jean Baptist Dubuque's Company, Aug. 1, 1790, 82 Roll of Capt. Philip Engel's Company, August 1, 1790, 84 Roll of Militia of Kaskaskia, August 1, 1790, - -85 Roll of Militia of Prairie du Rocher, August 1, 1790, 87 General Return of St. Clair County Militia, August 1, 1790, 88 Capt. Piggot's Company in First Militia Regiment, 1795, 93 Names of the Persons entitled to the Donation, of 100 Acres of Land for Militia Service in Counties of Ran- dolph and St. Clair, - - - - - - 95 Petition of Certain Inhabitants of Vincennes, - - 97 PART II. Jones, John Rice, by W. A. Burt Jones, - - - 99 Jones, John Rice; Gen. Augustus; Hon. Myers Fisher; Gen. Geo. Wallace; William Powell; Eliza; and Harriet, 129 Jones, Rice, by W. A. Burt Jones, ... - 140 PART III. Todd, jr., Col. John, Sketch of, by Edward G. Mason, - - 155 John Todd's Record-Book : Gov. Henry's Instructions to Col. Todd, 159 List of Commissions, Military and Civil, - 164 License for Trade, - 166 Letter to the Court of Kaskaskia, - 167 Plan for Borrowing $33,333^ of Treasury Notes, both be- longing to this State and the United States, - 168 Copy of the Instructions, etc., on the Borrowing Fund, i6g Bond of Commissioner, - 170 Proclamation of, prohibiting New Settlements, fac-simile in English and French, - 171 Warrant for Execution; John Todd to Richard Winston, 172 John- Todd to Nicholas Janis, - - . - - 172 Proclamation of, concerning Continental Money, - - 173 Order to Hold Court, *- 174 Letter to Spanish Commandant at Ste. Genevieve, - 174 Proclamations of, concerning Provisions for Troops, - 175, 176 Notice concerning Called-in Currency, ... ^7 Record of Order on Governor of Virginia, - - 177 - Condemnation Proceeding; Court Record, -. - - 178 Oath of Allegiance; Court Record, - 179 Peltry Account, - - - - - - 184 Entries by Col. Todd's Successor, ... 185 CONTENTS. 1 1 John-Todd Papers : Col. John Todd, jr., to Governor of Virginia, 187 John Page, Lieut.-Gov., to John Todd, Co. Lieut, etc., 190 Col. John Todd, jr., to Col. P. Legras, - - - 190 Col. John Todd, jr., to Oliver Pollock, - - - i QI Oliver Pollock to John Todd, County Lieut, of 111., acknowl- edging receipt of his, by the hands of Mons. Perrault, ig3 Col. John Todd, jr., to Gov. Jefferson, - - - 193 Gen. Geo. Rogers Clark to Col. John Todd, - - ig 5 Lieut.-Col. J. M. P. Legras to Governor of Virginia, -' ig8 Thos. Jefferson to the Hon. the Speaker of House of Delegates, 199 John Dodge, Indian Agent, to Gov. Jefferson, - - 200 Col. John Todd, jr., to Gov. Jefferson, 204, 205, 211, 212, 213, 216 Richard McCarty to John Todd, Esq., - - - 206 Richard Winston to Col. John Todd, - - - 208 Col. John Todd to the Governor of Virginia, - - 213 Board of Commissioners to Benj. Harrison, Governor of Virginia, concerning Col. John Todd's, jr., Accounts, etc., 218 Col. John Montgomery to the Hon. the Board of Commis- sioners, for the Settlement of Western Accounts, - 221 Thomas Jefferson to Col. Todd, - - - - 227 PART IV. British Illinois — Philippe de Rocheblave, Sketch by E. G. Mason, 231 Rocheblave Papers : Sir Guy Carleton to Rocheblave, - 253 Richard McCarty to Rocheblave, ... 254 Petition to Carleton concerning Rocheblave, - - 256 Declaration of Gabriel Cerre, .... 2 6o Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton, - - - 262 Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Abbott, - - 263, 264, 281 Sir Guy Carleton to Lord George Germaine, - - 265 Rocheblave to Lord George Germaine, ... 266 Inhabitants of Peoria to Rocheblave, - 268 Examination of Henry Butler before Rocheblave, at Ft. Gage, 269 Rocheblave to Carleton, ----- 272 Rocheblave to Lord George Germaine, ... 278 Rocheblave to Bosseron at St.Vincennes, - - 279 Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton, - .-. - 280 Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Abbott, - - - 281 Rocheblave to Thomas Dunn, Treasurer, Quebec, 281, 282 Rocheblave to Carleton, - - - - - 283, 289 Court of Enquiry at Fort Chartres, 1770, by Hon. John Moses, 291 Index, - - - - - - - - 357