E.r,-lri|.5iFSKS.^-.rj ; — ■ - V -,-.!• ^.i». .- jr .■...,'.-,: -i^jp SlM 1 n> 4J arf :«i'. i"..' Ji > .Id fSi^W ^SlK m==bL-" y*", : f-. 'Kl :-ii.n-.5a.a3!' ■: -■: ■ : .: -S^ .-■■" iV.^-.v.-vlv". .: .-. i-"j. >ii'"- ■-'■'". .M^ ,.K.j;__:.fji --»ii- Hrrri..^ si -•■. J^- f l>7 ?7/ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ;. FROM -£ Date Due ^SM ^fm. ■'tr^-s ^OT^. mM ^ 1^ - - ® 23 233 titoc^ Aw-^«nh>T,M.W(Wi! /-^^ / ^::p/ Cornell University Library F 144D7 P71 Dover dates, 1722-1922: a b centennial h olin 3 1924 028 828 774 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028828774 1722 DOVER DATES 1922 A Bicentennial History of Dover, New Jersey- Published in Connection with DOVER'S TWO HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION Under the .Direction of THE DOVER FIRE DEPARTMENT AUGUST 9, 10, 11, 1922 CHARLES D. J'LATT, Author and Publisher DOVE^. NEW JERSEY Copyright CHARLES D. PLATT" 1922 Printed by THE JERSEYMAN, INC MoriistoWDi New Jeiser PREFACE In 1914 my "Dover History" was published, containing personal reminiscences of Dover people, with other historical matter relating to the period 1722 to 1869. In the summer of 1921 I began to compile a chronological review of facts contained in the Dover History, collated with other facts from various sources, endeavoring to suggest the rela- tion of Dover to the State of New Jersey, to the United States, as his- torically developed, and to European history, thinking that such an arrangement would be useful for the interpretation of our local history in view of our approaching bicentennial year. In October, 1921, although no formal committee had been appointed as yet to consider the advisability of any public recognition of that anni- versary, I conferred with our local editors, Harry R. Gill of The Advance, and William G. Hummel of The Index and they heartily sup- ported me in bringing before the public a series of articles entitled "Dover Dates," published in the latter part of 1921 and the early part of 1922. It was our intention to publish this historical information later in pamphlet form, and I am greatly indebted to my two friends, the editors, for their co-operation in preparing to carry out this plan. Among other readers of the newspaper articles, the Firemen of Dover became inter- ested and determined to have a bicentennial celebration. With their cus- tomary enthusiasm and energy they organized committees and made arrangements to do honor to their Home Town, inviting me to join them as an honorary member of their committee. In time, it was thought best, with the co-operation of the Firemen, to print "Dover Dates" as a bicentennial book. The Jerseyman of Morristowti made an offer acceptable to all concerned, to print this book and promote its sale. This offer was accepted by the Firemen's Committee. Our thanks are due to The Jerseyman for the generous and able way in which they have helped us carry out the plan and publish this book. I am indebted to Frederic A. Canfield, deeply versed in local lore, for his kindness in making a few corrections and adding some items of interest relating to the early chronology of Dover. In undertaking this work of local historian I have been led further than I anticipated. Not myself a native of Dover, I have gained much of my knowledge from others who have resided here longer than I. In this connection my thanks are due to the many persons who have, first and last, contributed articles based upon their special knowledge, making this book a symposium illustrating many phases of our modem community and its environs. "Dover Dates" is a supplement of "Dover History" and contains much new and up-to-date material relating to the period 1869 to 1922, especially 1922. The municipal departments of the present day are represented, also the militarj' organizations of recent years, and the larger industrial concerns of Dover and vicinity. CHARLES D. PLATT, Editor. DEDICATION How. dedicate these Dover Dates? Who has this labor o' love inspired? Who but our Dover ? Tete-a-tetes With her have slumbering genius fired. The kindly old folks who recall The scenes of youth, the happy days That here they spent ; who tell me all That charmed them once, the old-time ways. The business man of many cares. Whose bosom swells with local, pride As he surveys his shops, his wares. And waits the turn of Fortune's tide. The younger folks — ^the girls and boys, Now in succession apostolic ; Grasping life's sweet but fleeting joys, They conjugate the verb "to frolic." The sober housewife, who presides O'er hearth and home with patience rare To raise her hopefuls ; who provides For endless wants with constant care. The teachers, who inform the mind And guide young hearts through realms of knowledge; Who train crude youth to arts refined,- Prepare for life — ^perchance for college. The City Fathers — may this lore Of Dover Dates and Dover's story Endear the Dover loved of yore And clear her path to future glory ! CONTENTS PART I. EARLY CHRONOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY AND DOVER Preliminary Dates. The Dutch Rule, 1609-1665. 55 years. The English Proprietary Rule, 1664-1702. 38 years. East and West New Jersey. William Penn and the Quakers. The English Colonial Governors, 1702-1776. 74 years. The Capitals of East New Jersey, 1665-11776. iii yfars.' PART n. r - / LOCATION. ENVIRONMENT Two Old Roads, Townships. Ferromont. 1713 — The Quakers of Randolph. Poem : . Richard Brotherton. The Friends' Meeting House. The Old Presbyterian Church at Rockaway. The Old Methodist Church at Millbrook. Alonzo B. Searing. Poem: Old Millbrook. Theodore F. Mott. On Poetry. The Iron Era : Poetic. Crane Hill A Dover to Mine Hill Ramble. Poem : The Life at Mine Hill. From My Porch. Poem, 1919. Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the P. O. S. & L. C, igar. Poem. Scenes from Hurdtown. Lefevre, Artist. Dover and the Greater New York. Dover and Pennsylvania. PART III. MUNICIPAL AND CIVIC. The Mayors of Dover, 1869-1922. The Manual of Dover, 1922. The Police Force. The Police Court. Justice of the Peace, Constables. The District Court. The Dover Fire Department. The Dover Water Department. George F. Steffany. Poem : Hygeia. The Dover Board of Health. The Dover General Hospital. N. Eleanor Hulsart. The Woman's Auxiliary of the Hospital. Mrs. Fletcher Fritts. American Red Cross : West Morris Chapter. History Committee. Poem : Woman's Work in the Red Cross. Minerva Freeman. The First Decade of the Woman's Club. Minerva Freeman. Poem : The Rhyme of the Woman's Club. Minerva Freeman. Kurd Park. P. C. Buck. Dover Post Office Facts. Charlotte S. Hurd. The Dover Free Public Library. Martha A. Burnett. Poem : What Dover Wants for Christmas. EDUCATIONAL. ^''rom Supt. Thurber's Report of Morris County Schools, 1876. Reminiscences of Dover Schools, 1876-1881. Edward M. Young. Thirty Years' Growth and Progress of the Dover Schools, 1890- 1922 J. Howard Hulsart, County Superintendent. The Dover Schools in 1922. Rosv/ell S. Bowlby, Supt. of Dover Schools, 1920— Presidents of the Board ofEducation, 1910-1922. Song: Dover High. Prize Essay : What the Flag Means to Me. Ruth Meyer, class of 1922. PART IV. OTHER INSTITUTIONS. The National Union Bank, 1872. J. B. Tonking. The Dover Trust Company, 1902. E. W. Rosevear. ^Waste Not, Want Not: poem. The Newspapers of Dover -Dover Real Estate. THE CHURCHES. Sunday School, 1816. The First Presbyterian Church, 1835. "Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, 1838. The First Methodist Episcopal Church, 1838. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, 1845. The Free Methodist Church, 1871. St. John's Episcopal Church, 1849. The Chrystal Street Chapel, 1879. The Swedish Trinity Lutheran Church, 1889. Th€ Swedish Baptist Church, 1889. The First Baptist Church, 1893. The Swedish Bethlehem Church, 1894. The Salvation Army, ,1900. The Church of the Sacred Heart, 1903. The First Church of Christ Scientist, 1908. The Jewish Orthodox Congregation. Mt. Zion Baptist Church. The Gaines A. M. E. Mission. International Bible Students. The Christian Alliance. Mine Hill. The Mine Hill Presbyterian Church, 1874. CEMETERIES. The Old Morris Street Burying Ground. The Dover Cemetery Association, Orchard Street, 1854. The Locust Hill Cemetery Association, 1867, The Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association, Rand olph (1748) 1898. The Mt. Sinai Cemetery Association, 1899. PART V. Hymn for Independence Day. The Grand Army of the Republic. The Spanish-American War. The Boys' Brigade. The Dover Home Defense League. The Dover Home Guards. The Dover Guard. Battery D. The American Legion in Dover. PART VI. Warren Surnburger. Miller Roff. George R. Flartey. C. H. Benedict, Jr. Edward W. Larsen. Stewart Kahler. George R. Flartey. INDUSTRIALS. CLOTHING. The Silk Mills of Dover, 1881— The Swiss Knitting Mill, 1890. The Brotherhood Overall Factory, 1890. Paul Guenther, Inc., 1897. The Sussex Overall Factory, 1918. Cook's Laundry Inc., 1894. The Progress ofAgriculture PUBLIC SERVICE New J ersey Gas and Electric Company. New Jersey Power and Light Company, 191 5. More Poetry: Reminiscences New York Telephone Company, 11880. Highways of Speech : Poem. Crystal Ice Company, 1922. Ulster Iron Works Inc., (i745) I903- Fred W. Batten. James O. Cooper. B. S. Woodman F. J. L. Doyle. Otto A. Marquard. EXPLOSIVES. The Hercules Powder Company, 1871. S. B. Moore. Picatinny Arsenal, 1880. Howard S. Deck. The Atlas Powder Company, 1883. Naval Ammunition Depot, Lake Denmark, 1891. IRON Dover Boiler Works, 1874. W. E. Goldsworthy. McKiernan-Terry Drill Company, 1895. Downs-Slater Iron Foundry Company, 191 1. Lackawanna Frog and Switch Shop, 1912 C. B. French. Richard Mine. Replogle Inc., 1919. North Jersey Steel Company, 1920. H. M. Roche. Developing North Jersey Iron Ores. E, C, Kreutzberg. PART VII. TRANSPORTATION. The Morris Canal, 1831. Early Days of theMorris and E^sex Railroad, 1848 — The Lackawanna Railroad in Dover. Charles E. MilK The Central R. R. of New Jersey, 1880. The Morris County Traction Company, 1889. PART VIII. ODDS AND ENDS. An Old Account Book of 1821-30. A Dover Fourth of July in 1823. Three Odes of 1823. The Loan Exhibition of 1879. The School Pageant of 1920. PART IX LOCAL HISTORICAL POEMS. John Jackson, 1722 — A Song of Iron The Mine Hill Blacksmith Forge and Song When Greatgrandmother was a Girl, 184c Log Cabins Ovens Uncle Byram 1792-1888. A Race Father Byram's Christmas, 1866. Ford's Pond William Young, 1802-1875. Tave. 1842-1902. Rapid Transit The Town Clerk, 1922. The Firemen, 1922. The Song of Dover. INTRODUCTORY Blest, is the man who can relate The story of his native State. In view of our approaching bicentennial year, I have tried to construct a chronological Summary of leading events and picturesque incidents in the history of Dover. We may as well start with the date when Columbus discovered America and a few other dates which affected our historic destiny. While some of these dates may seem far-fetchedi, they furnish historical perspective and indicate great dramatic forces upon which the future of Dover was depending. Whether we shotild be a dependency of Spain, Holland, France, Great Britain, or Sweden, whether we should be governed under a feudal patroon system, by an absolute monarchy claiming the divine right to rule, or conducted to an earthly Utopia by Puritan or Quaker or John Locke's Model of Government, or whether the principles of Magna Charta should mold a new form of government for the new world, remained to be seen. Our public library contains many books which will enable the inquiring student to follow up these scanty hints more thoroughly and trace the relation of our town history to the development of the state and nation and the world at large — a study which is full of interest. Preliminary 1492 — Columbus discovers America, October 12. 1497 — ^John and Sebastian Cabot explore the North Atlantic Coast and claim North America for Henry VII of England. 1564 — French at Florida,, destroyed by the Spanish in 1565. 1567 — The French destroy the Spanish settlement in Florida. 1584-90 — Raleigh's ill-fated colonies in North Carolina. 1 588-— The Spanish Armada attacks England and is destroyed. Holland thus becomes independent and becomes a sea power with trade and colonies in America. England, freed from Spanish interference, can use the southern route by the Azores to Virginia. The future of the United States (to be) and Canada depends upon the supremacy of the seas, whether it shall be held by Spain, France, Holland, or England. 1607 — ^Jamestown, Virginia, is founded by the London Company. Captain John Smith, Pocahontas and John Rolfe. 1609 — Henry Hudson, in the employ of the Dutch East India Com- • pany, discovers the Hudson River and views New Jersey, which the Dutch claim and rule until 1664. 1664 — The English assert their claim and rule New Jersey by Pro- prietary Government until 1702. 1702 — New Jersey a Royal Province until 1776. 1776 — The United States of America assert their independence. 1526— One hundredth and fiftieth anniversary of Declaration of Inde- pendence. One hundredth aiiniversary of the incorporation of Dover Village. ' TO THE DUTCH RULE 1609 — Henr}' Hudson, in his ship The Half Moon, explores the Hudson River, Manhattan Island, and the Jersey shore. Hence the Dutch claimed the territory which he explored. As he was an Englishman the English claimed it, basing their claim also upon the earlier discoveries of the Cabots. 1613 — The Dutch founded a trading post at Manhattan, called New Amsterdam. The surrounding country was called New Netherland. 1614 — They built a redoubt at Jersey City Point. 1620 — ^The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts. Capt. John Smith had previously explored and chartered the coast and named the country NEW ENGLAND. The Plymouth Com- pany ruled here. 1638 — to 1640 — English colonies were founded at New Haven and vicinity. From these colonies many went across Long Island Sound and settled on Long Island, at Huntington and else- where. The New England settlements are intimately related to the early English settlements in New Jersey. 1643 — The Dutch have trouble with the Indians of New Jersey and massacre some of them. Fear of the Indians keeps the white men, for some years, from settling in New Jersey far from the coast. 1 65 1 — The Dutch begin to take up land in New Jersey under a patroon system of large landed proprietors, like the old feudal barons of Europe. A large tract is taken up by Cornelius Van Werk- hoven, extending from the Raritan to the Passaic and beyond. Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, has schemes for founding a New^ Sweden, with settlements on Delaware Bay and in New Jersey. 165 s — The Dutch bring New Sweden under their rule. 1655 — ^The Indians retaliate for the massacre of their people in 1643. They massacre Dutch colonists at Pavonia, Hoboken, and Staten Island. Fear checks further settlement for a time. 1660 — Bergen was founded, the first permanent settlement in New Jersey. The first school in New Jersey was probably estab- lished here in 1662, taught by Engelbert Steenhuysen. 1664 — The Dutch remained in possession of New Netherland (and in control of New Jersey) until 1664. They left their mark upon the population, the land titles, and names and customs of a great part of the low lands of New Jersey and their posterity have been honored and influential in the later history of the State, penetrating farther into the interior. If their rule had continued, our Dover might have had another name, such as Stuyvesant, in honor of the redouljtable Peter, and Blackwell street might have been Goedenhuyzen avenue, or some such name. A good story might be written in the manner of Washington Irving, on our present possibilities, in such a case. II THE ENGLISH PROPRIETARY RULE 1660 — Charles II was restored to the English throne, May 29. He wished to bring the whole Atlantic Coast of North America into immediate dependence on the English Crown. The Royal African Company — slave traders — was chartered, with James, Duke of York, brother of king Charles, as its presi- dent. 1664 — He obtained from the king a grant of Maine, the islands of New England, Long Island, and the land from the Connecticut River to Delaware Bay, including land previously granted to Connecti- cut and including New Netherland. "A very cool proceeding and a clear case of usurpation." The Duke of York sent Col. Richard NicoUs with four ships-of- war and a Commission to act as deputy-governor within this tract. Asserting the earlier claim of the English to Manhattan and New Netherland, Nicolls called upon the Dutch to surrender their possessions and their rule. They did so. Many of the settlers were glad to have a change of government, hence made no resistance. 1664 — June 23. The Duke of York conveyed New Jersey to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, the latter from the Isle of Jersey north of France, called in Latin "Insula Caesarea," after Julius Caesar, the "farthest North" explorer of his day. Carte- ret applied the name "Nova Caesarea" or New Jersey to his new possessions. Thus the name of the Roman Caesar has descended upon our State. 1664 — Elizabeth Town was founded by English settlers from Long Island and Connecticut. The Dutch had denied them any share in the government and had refused their request to settle in New Jersey. Four weeks after the surrender of the Dutch these English families made their petition to Gov. Nicolls, who promptly "consented unto the proposals." The settlers obtained liberal "concessions" of local self-government, far in advance of the age. 1665 — Philip Carteret was appointed governor of West New Jersey and made the seat of government at Elizabeth Town, which was named after the Lady Elizabeth, wife of Sir George Carteret. 1666 — Newark was founded by English settlers from New Haven and vicinity. In 1676 a school was established, taught by Mr. Catlin. 1667 — Quakers were settled at Shrewsbury. 1668 — The first Meeting House was built at Newark. 1668 — The B'irst General Assembly was held at Elizabeth Town. 1668 — Rev. Jeremiah Peck, first pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Elizabeth Town, also taught school. He lived and preached in Newark the previous year and may have taught school there. One of New Jersey's first "schoolmasters." 1672 — There was an insurrection of the Puritan settlers against Gov. Philip Carteret, feeling that he was encroaching on their rights as "free-born Englishmen." The antagonism and conflict 12 between the independent yeomanry of England and the exactions and assumptions of royalty as represented by Charles II and his Cavalier partisans were perpetuated on this side of the Atlantic. 1673 — The English and Dutch are at war. The Dutch regain New Netherland: When peace is made New Netherland is restored to the English. Cbl. Edmund Andros was appointed governor of New York, claiming also jurisdiction over New Jersey. EAST AND WEST NEW JERSEY 1674 — Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley divided New Jersey by a line running from Little Egg Harbor to the Delaware Water Gap. Berkeley sold his part, West New Jersey, to John Fenwicke and Edward Byllinge, Quakers, for one thousand pounds, with the right of government, March 18. Byllinge sold to William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, Quakers. They sold to others, forming a company of Proprie- tors in Common, with concessions from the Crown. The Quakers were at this time trying to escape from unhappy condi- tions in Great Britain. The New World offered the inducements of freedom and prosperity. They settled chiefly in West New Jersey, along the Delaware, and at Shrewsbury, and along the Rahway River. Shrewsbury became the seat of a Quaker gov- ernment and many Quakers of the better class took up their residence there. They had iron works there. 1674 — ^June 29, the Duke of York received a new patent for the whole territory restored by treaty with the Dutch, February 9. July 29, the Duke of York reconveys East New Jersey to Sir- George Carteret, who now becomes sole proprietor, having sole power, under the king, to settle and dispose of the country. This arrangement appeared to revoke some concessions of 1665. 1674 — In November, Gov. Philip Carteret returned, after two years absence, to his home in Elizabeth Town, with a new commission as Governor of New Jersey. The liberal concessions of 1665, which had attracted the best class of settlers from New England and Long Island, were remodeled, depriving the people of all original jurisdiction, and giving the governor control of the Legislature. 1676 — ^July first, a quintipartite deed was executed between Sir George Carteret, William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, and Edward Byllinge, by which East New Jersey was confirmed to Sir George Carteret, and the partition line between East New Jersey and West New Jersey was described. See Smith's His- tory of New Jersey. 1676 — The Assembly met twice : At Elizabeth in April ; at Woodbridge in October. 1677-— to 1679, the Assembly met annually in October in Elizabeth. There was a conflict of authority between two masters, Gov. Andros of New York, and Gov. Carteret of New Jersey. 13 1678 — August, Andros returned from a trip to Ertgland, with full instructions from the Duke of York to claim jurisdiction over all New Jersey. One matter in dispute was the collection of customs duties from ships. Andros demands that all ships shall clear in New York and pay duties tb^re, before landing in New Jersey. 1679 — Gov. Carteret declares that all vessels that will trade to East New Jersey shall be free. The Assembly declares that ships may clear directly, by way of Sandy Hook, at His Majesty's Custom House, which is at the Governor's House in ElizJabeth Town. The dispute became serious. Finally Andros sent men who haled Gov. Carteret from his bed at night arid took him, unclad, in a canoe, to New York, having treiated him with personal violence to the detriment of his health. Carteret was tried in New York for exercising jurisdiction. Jury's verdict, "Not guilty." The Deputies of New Jersey answered the demands of Andros by claiming their rights as free-bom Englishmen under Magna Charta, as against any King's Letters Patents granted to. the Duke of York. An appeal was made to the Home Government in England. Gov. Carteret, on his return to Elizabeth, stretched his authority to the utmost. The Deputies re-asserted their original rights under the concessions of 1665. Carteret dissolved the Assem- bly. These continued disputes caused some to withdraw from the settlement. But the colonists were forming more and more clearly their convictions as to their rights and the constitutional principles of self-rule. 1680 — Sir George Carteret died. A new administration of East New Jersey became necessary. His widow was made executrix of his estate, becoming the Lady Proprietrix of the Province. 1 68 1 — John Ogden of Elizabeth Town died, a man worthy to rank with the Pilgrim Fathers, the acknowledged pioneer of the town, a pillar of church and State. 1682 — Lady Carteret and trustees sold East New Jersey to the highest bidder, viz., William Penn and eleven others, twelve proprietors, mostly Quakers, for three thousand four hundred pounds. These twelve proprietors took partners, making twenty-four proprietors, called the London Company. Some of them were Scotch. 1682 — March 14. A fresh grant was made by the Duke of York to these twenty-four proprietors. "One proprietor was thus ex- changed for twenty-four, and the Cavalier for the Quaker rule." 1682 — Robert Barclay, a Quaker proprietor in favor with William Penn, was made Governor of New Jersey for life, with the privilege of ruling by deputy. He appointed Thomas Rudyard, one of the proprietors, as his deputy. Rudyard took up his residence in Elizabeth Town, November 13, 1682. 14 Former Governor Philip Carteret died December, 1682. The long contest of the Carteret regime with the people was at an end. Rudyard brought with him kind and conciliatory letters to the planters, as the colonists were called. "He was a man of amiable instincts and courteous demeanor, representing not the lordly Cavalier, but a trading association of Quakers, plain, unassuming men, who had themselves suflFered much from the Crown." 1682 — The four original counties of New Jersey, laid out in 1682, were Bergen, Essex, Middlesex and Monmouth. 1683 — ^July. And yet something went wrong, for tJov. Barclay ap- pointed Gawen Lawrie (Lowrie), one of the proprietors, his deputy for East New Jersey in place of Rudyard. There was still dispute about land titles. The proprietors advised Gov. Lawrie "to use all means of gentleness and tender- ness with the people, not standing much upon small matters." He did so. 1683 — Charles II recognized the title of the twenty-four proprietors. 1684 — ^The "killing time" in Scotland caused many to flee to New Jersey. 1 1684 — ^August I. A Board of Commissioners, known as The Board of Proprietors, was established to act with the deputy-governor and Assembly in settling disputes and establishing titles to land. This board was empowered to establish a new town to be called "Perth" in honor of the Earl of Perth, one of the new Quaker proprietors, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. This town was known as Perth Amboy and became the seat of government of the Province when the General Assembly of the people met here in 1686. 1685 — The Assembly met for the last time at Elizabeth Town, which then ceased to be the seat of government. Perth Amboy was more removed from the traditions of the Carteret regime and nearer to the Quaker population of Shrewsbury and the Rahway valley. 1686 — The Assembly met at Perth Amboy, the new seat of government. Records of warrants and surveys from 1673 to 1738 are still kept there. The Board of Proprietors still meet there. The English Proprietary Rule from 1660 to 1686 was an experi- ment in government by a land company formed to "plant" the new country over the sea. The problem of giving and taking title to land in a newly discovered continent, inhabited by native's of a different race and of a different stage of development, was the great problem of the time, solved by no scheme of absolute moral justice. There was no one then living who could foresee the future or com- prehend all that was involved in the transactions of the day, and the monarchial feudal system of Europe's past was inadequate to the new situation and the ideas and spirit of the new age. Some confusion inevitably resulted from the strange circumstances as well as from the 15 conflicts of nationalities and the varying standards and moral principles of the many individuals concerned. But New Jersey claims that, for the ideas prevalent at the time, her title to the new land was acquired by just bargain and payment, and not by conquest and robbery. If time and space permitted, much interesting discussion of this question of land titles acquired, under the Crown of England, through purchase from the original inhabitants, might be quoted from sources such as the opinion of Chief Justice Marshall, or a monograph by Adrian Lyon, present registrar of the proprietors, or a series of articles by the late Chancellor Magie. But through all the bickering and dickering of the times, it is to be noted that an honest effort was being made to establish a new social system upon a foundation of law rather than by conquest of arms and superior force. 1684 — Gov. Lawrie wrote home glowing accounts of the new country. Others were writing enthusiastic letters to the old country about the charms of New Jersey. "It is not strange, Biancroft, ""that many Scottish Presbyterians of virtue, education, and cour- age, blending a love of liberty with religious enthusiasm, came to East New Jersey in such numbers as to give to the rising common- wealth a character which a century and a half has not effaced." Lawrie continue to reside in Elizabethtown, notwithstanding instructions from the Proprietors, directing him to make Perth Amboy his capital. After four years of Quaker rule and great expense in bringing over colonists the Proprietors were disappointed in results. Law- rie, like Rudyard, was thought to be too intent on his personal interests in taking up the best lands for himself. Settlers holding lands by Indian title had not surrendered title to the new Pro- prietors and were slow in paying the land rental demanded. A new deputy must be appointed, but not a Quaker, this time. The Presbyterians are gaining the ascendancy. To please them Lord Neill Campbell is appointed in 1686. 1685 — Here we must turn back the hand of time to note that on the death of Charles II, his brother, the Duke of York, became James II of England. 1687 — Lord Neill Campbell relinquished his post as governor of East New Jersey and left Captain Andrew Hamilton in charge of the government. James the Second, formerly Duke of York, soon took occasion to settle old scores with New Jersey. He made a decree, 1688 — ^Ap. 7, that the two Jerseys and New York be united with New England under the rule of Andros * * * the whole to be known as "New England." The East New Jersey Proprietors were compelled to give up their right of jurisdiction. Andros appointed Capt. Francis Nicholson Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey, and he took up his residence at Elizabethtown, i6 by which it appears that it was still regarded as the capital of the Province. October 15, 1688. The people seem to have been pleased again at a change in the government, having had enough of the Proprietary riile of the Quakers. 1688— New Jersey, as part of New England, is now a Royal Provmce, ruled by a governor appointed by the Crown. i68g — James II was deposed. William of Orange was made king of England. The reign of William and Mary. William Penn had been very friendly with the Duke of York who became James II. The Quakers of New Jersey remained loyal to James II, hence called "Jacobites." The antagonism of political parties in the Old World had its counterpart of the New World. The Orange Mountains and the towns called Orange must have taken their names from William of Orange. 1690 — The Quaker Proprietors re-asserted their right to rule, which they were compelled to surrender to James II in 1688. 1690 — Gov. Hamilton left the country. Although retained in office by Andros, under James II, on the accession of William of Oraujge, he ceased to be regarded as governor. He was really nothing more than President of the Board of Proprietors, acting as deputy governor. 1690 — Robert Barclay, for the last eight years of his life nominal gov- ernor of East Jersey, died October 3, 1690. Hamilton arrived in England and laid before his fellow-proprie- tors the state of affairs in New Jersey. 1692— Complications followed. Finally Hamilton was appointed gov- ernor in 1692, and was so received by the people. 1693 — By an Act of the Assembly the bounds of townships were defined. Elizabethtown took in Union county, parts of Somerset, Hun- terdon, Morris, Warren and Sussex counties, including Morris- town, Stanhope, Schooley's Mountain, and Newton. It almost included Dover — ^but there was no Dover then. There were disputes about land titles. Some settlers claimed title by purchase from Indians. The Proprietors did not admit such titles. The king and his Council reserved the decision of the Board of Proprietors in a test case and confirmed the Indian titles acquired under Gov. NicoUs. The people of the Province then wished to be rid of the Proprie- tary rule and come under the direct rule of the king, William of Orange. Petitions were sent to the king. 1698 — Finally Gov. Hamilton was superseded by Jeremiah Basse, in April. More complications followed. The people of New Jersey formulated their complaints in peti- tions to the Crown. 1702 — Finally, April 17, 1702, the twenty- four Proprietors surrendered the right of government to Queen Anne, who succeeded to the throne of England on the death of William of Orange, 1702. She re-united the two provinces of West and East New Jersey in one province and made her cousin, Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, governor of the combined province of New York and New Jersey. And so New Jersey remained a Royal Province until the Declaration of Independence, 1776. The combined colonies were called "New England." 1703 — In May, 1703, on the arrival of the royal commission, the Pro- prietary Government of East New Jersey was brought to a per- petual end. Under the Dutch^the English settlers had been denied all share in the governni^. The first concessions of the Duke of York granted ithem fteedom of conscience, political freedom, and a legislature of which the popular branch was chosen directly by the people. To this legislature was committed the making of laws and the laying of taxes, thus establishing early in New Jersey the principle of no taxation without representation. We have seen that in 16^4 there was a recall of these rights. Much of the discontent and trouble of these times was caused by the quit-rent system of the British Colonies, which became a contributory cause, of the American Revolution. By that revo- lution all feudal restraints upon the land were abolished and the right of absolute ownership in the soil was established — a signifi- cant aspect of our law of real property. ( See Bond's Quit-Rent System in the American Colonies.) From 1702 to 1776 New Jersey was ruled by colonial Governors appointed by the Crown. In this period Dover began its career. THE ENGLISH COLONIAL GOVERNORS 1702-1708 — Lord Cornbury, governor of New England, including New York and New Jersey. His rule was not satisfactory to the peo- ple and in 1708 he was recalled. The royal governor, and others before, showed too great a tendency to exploit the Province for their personal benefit rather than to promote the real interests of the people. John Lovelace, the next governor, died soon. 1710 — Ingoldsby was governor until 1710. Then came Gov. Hunter. 1 714 — Queen Anne died. George I became king. 1720 — Gov. William Burnet was appointed. He removed to Boston, 1727. 1722 — Dover, under Gov. Burnet and George I, was founded by John Jackson, who set up an iron forge here. Jackson's Forge. 1727 — George I died. George II became king. 1727-1731 — John Montgomery was governor. 1731-1736 — ^William Cosby was governor. At his death John Ander- son was governor for two weeks. Then John Hamilton for two years. 1738 Le-\vis Morris was appointed governor of New Jersey, separate from New York. He died 1746. i8 1739 — Morris County was set off from Hunterdon County, and named after the new governor. Jackson's Forge, up to this time, had been in Hunterdon County. 1746— John Hamihon, President of His Majestie's Council, became governor. He died soon. John Reading, President of the Council, acted as governor until 1747- 1746 — Princeton College chartered at Elizabeth. Rev. Jonathan Dickm- son of that town was its first president. It was removed to Newark and then to Princeton. 1747 — Jonathan Belcher, former governor of Massachusetts and of New Hampshire, was appointed governor. He came from Boston, published his commission, August 10, at Perth Amboy, the capi- tal, met the Legislature at Burlington, soon became a resident of Burlington. He was a New England Puritan and did not like the Quaker ways which prevailed at Burlington. He had to drive with his coach and four, twenty miles to Philadelphia to attend a church of his liking on Sunday. In 1750, September 26, while attending a commencement of the College of New Jer- sey at Newark, he had a stroke of paralysis. Wishing a change of air, he removed his residence to Elizabethtown in September, 1751. His goods (and the smallpox) were brought by sloops; from Burlington. He occupied a house in Jersey Street, later the home of Dr. Charles Davis, grandfather of the author of "Dover Dates." Elizabethtown thus became again the "seat of government," it seems, from 1751 until 1757, when the governor died, overcome by his infirmities and the excitement of the French and Indian War. He was one of the most notable of the colonial governors of New Jersey. The government devolved for a time upon Lieutenant-Governor Pownall, governor of Massachusetts, who shortly prevailed upon John Reading, President of the Council, to act as governor — as usual. 1758 — Francis Bernard became governor. Bernardsville bears his name. 1760 — Thomas Boone became governor. Boon-ton bears his name. Josiah Hardy was the next governor. 1760 — George II died. George III became King. 1763 — ^William Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin, became governor. He was the last royal governor. The Revolutionary War changed everything. Henceforth Jerseymen would have to settle their own troubles in their own way. We have now traced the English proprietary government of New Jersey to its close in 1703, and given a brief review of the English Colonial Governors to 1776. We have seen that Dover was founded in 1722 in the reign of George the First of England ; that Wm. Burnet was then governor of New England, which then included New York and New Jersey; that 19 the capital of this greater New England was New York City ; and that Dover, for the first fourteen years of its existence, was in Hunterdon County. Dover was not born with a silver spoon in its mouth, but with a hammer in its hand. 1710 — to 1719. Colonel Robert Hunter, governor of New York. He was a Scotchman, a friend of Steele, Addison, Swift and the literati of that day. He was appointed by Addison, who was then Under-Secretary of State. He rejoiced in the title of Cap- tain General, Groverndr-in-Chief of the provinces of New York and New Jersey and territories thereunto belonging, and Vice- Admiral and Chancellor of the same. Of him John Fiske says : "He was the ablest and best of the English governors since Richard Nicolls." 1713-14 — Hunterdon County was set off and named in honor of this popular governor, who had acquired large lands there. In Fiske's "Dutch and Quaker Colonies of America" will be found graphic sketches of the colonial governors. 1719 — Trenton took its name from William Trent, who built mills on the Delaware. 1720 — to 1728 — Gov. William Burnet, a god-son of William of Orange, who stood sponsor for him and gave him his name. He was said to be "a man of gay and condescending disposition, the delight of men of sense and learning, and the admired friend of the ladies." Dover began its career under his political star. 1728 — The Lenni Lenape Indians moved west, but several thousand of them remained in Pennsylvania until a few years later. SUNDAY SCHOOL 1747: — ^As early as 1747 a Sunday School was established at Ephralta, Pa., by Ludwig Hacker, a German Seventh-day Baptist. This was 35 years before the one instituted in England by Robert Raikes. 1786 — ^A Sunday School was established in Virginia. 1809 — Rev. Mr. Steele, Presbyterian, opened a Sunday School in Pitts- burgh,. Pa., in the Court House. 1812 — ^A Sunday School was opened in Hackettstown, in the Presby- terian Church. 1815 — A Sunday School was established by Rev. Burr Baldwin in the Old Academy, Newark. 1816 — Rev. Barnabas King, of Rockaway, organized a Sunday School in Dover. Springfield, Madison and Woodbridge foUow'ed. See Mellick's Story of an Old Farm. THE INDIANS The Lenni Lenape Indians, totemic tribes of the Turtle, the Turkey, and the Wolf, occupied parts of New Jersey. They were eventually subjugated by the Iroquis Indians of New York State and degraded from 20 being independeiit warriors to the status of "women." In 1755, during ithe French and Indian War, Sir Wm. Johnson restored them to their fighting status as "men" again. The Indians in their day, enjoyed our picturesque streams and glens and wooded hills. Doubtless Indian Falls was a favorite haunt of theirs and they must have known and used the pleasant water of the spring in Hurd Park. Lake Hopatcong was a resort to which they iflocked with delight. They marked out the early trails through forest ■and over hill and dale, of which the Minisink path was the most notable. It led from the sea at Shrewsbury Inlet and crossed the Raritan river two or three miles above its mouth, passing through the eastern and northern part of New Jersey to Minisink Island in the Delaware river. No doubt it had something to do with establishing the early communica- tion between Shrewsbury and Dover to which the Quaker element in 'Our history bears witness. Many Indian arrow heads have been found in our fields. The Indians knew the black stone or heavy stone, as they called the ore of Succasunna. (From "Historic Trenton" by Louise Hewitt. 1916. The Smith Press, Trenton, N. J.) 1680 — Mahlon Stacy arrived. 1685— Trenton called Ye Falles of Ye De La Ware. 1 714 — ^Wm. Trent bought property. 1 719 — Court held at Trenton. 1724 — ^Wm. Trent came to Ye Falles of Ye De La Ware. 1724 — Trenton became seat of Supreme Court. 1726 — First Presbyterian Church built. 1734 — Postal service established. 1738 — First Stage Wagon — two trips a week to New Brunswick 1739 — Friends Mortgage House built. 1740 — Royal Charter from George II. 1750 — First steel mill in United States erected and owned by Benj. Yard. (Compare with Gov. Belcher's Report to Parliament.) .i_750 — The Trenton Library established. (Above data relating to our State Capital are inserted for comparison with Dover D^tes.) EARLY RETURNS 1598 — In 1698 Jeremiah Basse was made governor of New Jersey, under William and Mary. Many deeds are recorded as of "Basse's Book of Surveys." 1713 — Among such deeds is one made out, May 19th, 1713, to Joseph Latham, for 527 acres in what is now Mine Hill, and recorded in Basse's Book of Surveys, page 80, the survey being made by John Reading, General Surveyor, by virtue of an order from Daniel Leeds, one of the surveyors general of the western divi- sion of the province of New Jersey surveys. , 1710-1715 — The Proprietors of West New Jersey, owners in common. 21 allotted themselves as individual holder f large tracts of land called "returns," which were surveyed, located, and recorded on the books. Wm. Penn and Joseph Kirkbride took up returns as far as Dover and Rockaway. Titles were derived from locations on the East New Jersey right after the dividing line was settled in 1676. The Latham deed appears to be classed under the "Western division of the province." Locations or returns were mostly on streams and meadow land, as at Mill Brook, Dover and Rockaway. As late as 1693 much of our present Morris County (then part of Hunterdon County) was included in the bounds of Elizabeths town. These bounds were more definitely fixed by the Assembly in 1693, having been first described in 1664. 1713 — William Schooley, of Schooley's Mountain, bought about 600 acres near Dover, including Mill Brook, which was named, no doubt, from the grist mill set up on the stream — the first one in these parts. A flourishing settlement sprang up at Mill Brook, with various industrial activities, before Dover had become more than a hamlet. At Mill Brook were to be found, in due time, besides the grist mill, a fulling mill, a rope walk, a hat factory, an oil mill, a Quaker shoemaker, a blacksmith, a sawmill, probably, a forge, and (if we include the neighborhood known as "Randolph") a school, a church, farming, a store, a butcher. A cooperage was also established at Mill Brook, carried on by David Tuttle and commemorated by Theodore F. Mott in a poem entitled "The Deserted Cottage." But this brings us to the nineteenth century. It was to the blacksmith in Mill Brook that Gen. Winds traded in his "Soard" for two-. and-six-pence in 1782. John Reading took up the Dickerson Mine tract on West Jersey right. 1715 — ^Wm. Penn took up a return, including the Munson farm, later the residence of Leonard Elliott, just inside of Dover limits. 1716 — John Reading sold the Dickerson Mine tract to Joseph Kirkbride; Before that everybody came and helped themselves to the ore, shoveling it from the open cut. The streams, the waterfalls, the easily available ore, the woodland furnishing coal (charcoal), made this an attractive investment. And now these extended "preliminaries" are bringing us to the birth of Dover. THE FOUNDING OF DOVER 1722 — May 31, nine years after Joseph Latham acquired title to his tract of 527 acres in Mine Hill, he sold it to John Jackson, "son of James Jackson of Flushing in Queens county on Nashaw Island, yeoman." The original deed was in the possession of Mr. James H. Neighbour in 1914 and is shown in full of the text in Dover History, pages 453-4. With the property therein described was conveyed in some way or title was assumed to a forge site on 22 Jackson's Brook where Singleton's silk mill stands to-day, above Hurd Park. Here Jackson set up the second iron forge in the county in 1722, building himself a log cabin and becoming the first known settler, The Founder of Dover. Firom this date we count two hundred years to 1922. The extensive woodland on his 527 acres doubtless was pur- chased to keep him in wood from which charcoal could be made for use in his forge fire. His house was probably near his forge — ^possibly near that good spring of water in Hurd Park, there being no city reservoir at that date, you understand. This country was then a wilderness. Remember that Blackwell street was not then in existence. Bridle paths were the routes of travel. In picturing the landscape leave out the Morris canal and the Pine Terrace Inn. Let our local artist paint the scene with two log cabins near the spring and the great forge-hammer wheel in the background. From that day Dover has "forged ahead." "Forge ahead !" might well be her slogan. Much of the preceding history is summarized from Hatfield's His- tory of Elizabeth and other sources. The history of the tide-water settlements, such as Elizabeth, Newark and Perth Amboy leads up to the history of Dover and gives us Dover's historical perspective. At first settlements were made at tide-water for ease of access by ships, that persons and supplies might reach these towns when waterways were the only ways of travel, and for security from the Indians, provoked by the Dutch. Later relations with the Indians were more peaceful, and lands were obtained from them by purchase, under the Nicoll's patent. The first purchasers of large tracts would sell to others. This caused trouble with the Quaker Proprietors who gave independent title, as proprietors, to lands previously acquired through Indian purchase, and tried to col- lect rents from settlers who acquired lands under the first proprietors, as referred to elsewhere. The family names that are found in the early history of Elizabeth and Newark and the Quaker settlements of the Perth Amboy region are found later at frequent intervals among the inland towns, reaching Dover in due time. Hence Dover history may be regarded as beginning in these tide-water settlements and in these preliminary facts and dates that have been given. The following names occur in the early history of Elizabeth. How many of them do you recognize as appearing later in the history of Dover and vicinity? They came chiefly from Long Island and Con- necticut. The same names may be found in Connecticut to this day, for some members of the family remained there. NAMES: — ^Andrews, Bailey, Baker, Beach, Benedict, Blackwell, Burnet, Bryant, Brant, Berry, Bonnell, Blanchard, Qark. Cramer, Crane, Curtis, Dickinson, Egbert, Freeman, Harris, Headley, Johnson, Jones, Kerr, Lambert, Lyon, Marsh, Meeker, Megie, Mellin, More, Ogden, Osborne, Parker, Pierson, Price, Runyon, Searing, Shotwell, Thomp- 23 son, Tucker, Turtle, White, Whitehead, Watson, Wines or Winds, Wood, Woodruff, Young, Carter, Gray, Skillman, Morse, Haynes, Peck, Spinning, Ross, Lawrence, Morris, Wilson, Barber and others. Among the founders of Newark we find such names as: Bruen, Camfield, Kitchell, Baldwin, Day, Albers, Tomkins, Crane, Lyon, Browne, Freeman, Treat, Pennington, Davis, Riggs, Curtis, Burwell, Denison, Wheeler, Bond, Ward, Blachley, Plum, Lawrence, Harrison, Pierson, Johnson, Catlin, Rose, Swaine, Ball, Morris, Tichenor. THE CAPITALS OF EAST NEW JERSEY FROM 1665 TO 1790 The following memorandum was made out from scattered refer- ences in Hatfield's History of Elizabeth. No complete statement like this is found in any of the books on New Jersey. Elizabeth Town 1665 — 1686 Gov. Philip Carteret resided there. Perth Amboy Elizabeth Town New York Perth Amboy 1738 — 1747 Elizabeth Town 1751 — 1757 Perth Amboy Elizabeth Town Elizabeth Town 1783— 1790 Trenton 1686 — 1702 1688 Lieut.-Gov. Nicholson was appointed by Gov. Andros of New York to rule East Jersey. He resided in Elizabeth. 1703 — 1738 When New Jersey was part of New England. East and West Jersey united. 1722 — Dover founded. Gov. Belcher, coming from Boston,' stopped here to present his commission. Gov. Belcher resided there, in house on Jersey street, now owned by War- ren R. Dix, Esq. After the death of Gov. Belcher. The home of the War Governor, Wm. Livingston; but he did not dare live there, for fear of attack by British. Had to wander, like David, in hiding. Gov. Livingston returned to his home. Liberty Hall, in 1783. He died July 25, 1790. November 25, made capital by Act of Legislature. 1758—1776 1776—1783 1790 Gov. Lewis Morris had his home near Trenton. After the Revo- lution New Jersey tried to have the Capital of the United States located at Trenton. To please the Southern States it was located nearer them. Burlington was the Capital of West New Jersey, 1677. After the establishment of Perth Amboy as the Capital of East New Jersey it was arranged that Legislature should meet in alternate years at Perth Amboy and Burlington. 24 Mellick's "Story of an Old Farm" tells much about the guberna- torial tradition and splendor of Perth Amboy. Shrewsbury was, in early times, a sort of Quaker capital and resi- dential center of the wealthy and influential members of the Quaker sect. 1722 — Ore from the Dickerson Mine was brought down to the forge in saddle bags. The blooms were bent into the shape of a letter U to fit over the back of a horse or mule and were so transported to Elizabethtown port, to be shipped by water. 1730 — Iron works were established at Rockaway. 1740 — General European War. England against Spain and France. America becomes a sea power, aiding England. 1741 — A petition was presented to Governor Morris, asking that the duties imposed on iron by the British government be removed. This is a hint of the financial difficulties that gathered like a cloud over the head of our pioneer iron master, John Jackson, now about forty years old. 1744 — Henry Brotherton, the grandfather of Richard, bought 125 acres of the Kirkbride estate, and in 1753 his brother, James Brother- ton, bought 200 or 300 acres on Mine Hill, of the same estate. Henry Brotherton was born in 1724. 1745 — May 30. Joseph Shotwell bought from the Proprietors, 91 acres of land (beginning at a house with lower part of brick, on West Blackwell street, beyond the viaduct), taking in the main business part of present-day Dover. The Shotwells are an extensive Quaker family. Soon iron works, together with a forge, were in operation on the Rockaway river. About this period of time we meet with refer- ences to the "Quaker Iron Works." 174& — There was a Quaker meeting conducted at Lamson's farm, south of Dover, before the present Quaker Church building was put up. On the map of 1832 Morris street is indicated as "The Road to Lamson's Farm." 1748 — 1750 — There was a great advance in the iron trade. 1749 — Middle Forge was set up at Picatinny by Jonathan Osborn. 1750 — An Act of the English Parliament forbade the colonists to set up rolling mills or to manufacture iron into articles of use. They must ship it to England in the bloom. The English manufac- turers would producie the articles of commerce made from iron and then send these back to the colonists to be sold for a price that would cover all expense of such double and distant trans- portation. To this the colonists objected. Whatever manufac- turing they did had to be done in secret and the iron business received a great setback, if not a complete quietus. Gov. Belcher reported to England that there was only one iron mill in New Jersey (one at Trenton), and that diligent search revealed no others. 25 1734 — io 1750 was the period of "The Great Awakening" — George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards were friends of Gov. Belcher and were entertained at his house in Elizabeth. John Jackson was compelled to sell out at sheriff's sale in 1753, and his farm and woodland, the 527 acres, was bought by Harts- horne Fitz Randolph, a well-to-do Quaker of Monmouth county, for about five hundred pounds. It seems to have been a case of getting back an equivalent for moneys advanced as loans or other- wise, as was the case later, when Blackwell and McFarlan took over the property of Canfield & Losey. THE NAME John Jackson is said to have g'one to West Virginia, where the town of Jackson was named for him, an honor which did not fall to the lot of Dover. Dover is thought to have gained its name from Moses Hurd, the first associate of Jackson in Dover, who is said to have come from Dover, New Hampshire. But there seems to be some uncertainty about it. The town once had the name of "Old Tye," which remains unaccounted for. 1753 — When Jackson left Dover (1753 ?) we do not know that this place was known by that name. Nor do we know the exact date of the name Old Tye and its continuance in use. But the name "Dover" is found in an old account book, in a reference to "the Dover Store," January 13, 1798. See Dover History, page 477. The name "Old Tye," as applied to Dover, has puzzled antiquar- ians. Its origin is a subject of conjecture. Let us again consult the oracle of Morris county history, Rev. Joseph Tuttle. 1776 — In 1776, Gen. Winds (then Lieut-Colonel) and many men from this part of New Jersey were at Ticonderoga, New York. Among them was one Joseph Tuttle, who kfept a diary, in which he con- stantly refers to Ticonderoga as "Tie." October 11, 1776, he writes, "Col. Winds made application to go home, but no suc- cess by reason of the senior officers devilish lies told to the Gen'l ; the old Col. is shamefully abused and belied." Nov. 5th and 6th he notes that Col. Winds got an order to "be off" and left Ticon- deroga with 105 men of our Battalion, some say with scandal, but Col. Winds says with honor. On the basis of such memo- randa we may venture a guess. Some old soldier, returning from this expedition, may have referred to his experiences so frequently or in such a way as to gain the nickname "Old Tye," and if he lived here, as Gen. Winds did, the name may have passed over to this locality. Perhaps both names, Old Tye and 'Dover, were synchronous for a while, and Dover "won out" after 1790. 2l0 Mr. Canfield has shown me a map published in 1777, from sur- veys made in 1769. On this map we find "BEMEN'S" where Dover should be. "Beman's" is referred to in a letter of 1790 written by Jacob Losey. 1756 — 63 — French and Indian War. 1756 — The sheriff's sale and the advent of Hartshorne Fitz Randolph mark the end of the first period of Dover's history. Close upon this followed the advent of another notable man, General Winds (or Wines), who came to East Dover from Southold, Long Island, in 1756. He bought a farm of 275 acres from Thomas and Richard Penn, situated where the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western carshops " used to be. He was a dominant char- acter in the county, as has been so well shown by Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D.D., in a biographical sketch of this "hero of Morris county." 1757 — Following General Winds came his brother-in-law, Josiah Bea- man, who purchased, in 1757, the forge and dwelling of John Jackson, situated in Dover. We conclude that by this time Jack- son had left or did leave Dover. Beaman also bought from , Shotwell 107 acres in Dover, mostly north of the river. We find in Dover History, page 475, that Josiah Beaman acquired the "plantation" known as the Baker Homestead at Mt. Pleasant at some time subsequent to 1774 and sold it to Jeremiah Baker in 1792, when he sold his iron works in Dover to Canfield & Losey. 1758 — The "Old Quaker Church" bearing this date is a well-known landmark. It stands facing "The Great Road," as mentioned in the deed of land, and occupies a commanding site with a magni- ficent view. The Quakers could not foresee the coming of the canal and the railroad, but they located along the great thorough- fare of their day, and chose the finest upland of this region for their farms and their rural community of Randolph. Continuing the memoranda of these early settlers which have been so carefully gathered by Dr. Tuttle and published in his "Centennial Collections of Morris County," we observe that the Quaker community on the hills south of Dover kept growing. Henry and Richard Brotherton, two brothers, and Richard Dell, married daughters of William Schooley, of Schooley's Mountain. Dell removed from Schooley's Mountain in 1759, to a tract of land which he purchased from the heirs of Wm. Penn. His son, Thomas Dell, bought land of the Kirkbride heirs in 1786. Daniel Carrell settled at Center Grove in 1739, on lot No. 7, Kirkbride Division. 1761 — There is a note to the effect that one Joseph Prudden sold land in Dover to Josiah Beaman in 1761. 27 THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754-63 — Turning back our historical searchlight, we must note that the French and Indian War was going on from 1754 to 1763. Men from this vicinity enlisted and went north to aid in the conquest of Canada. Gen. Winds was one who was called upon to serve in the field. To quote from Ashley's United States History, "The French and Indian War decided the fate of the French empire on the continent of North America." John Fiske believed that "the triumph of Wolfe marks the greatest turning point as yet discernible in modern history." Gen. Winds had a hand in deciding this turning point, and other men from Dover were with him. This is not the only "turning point" in world history in which the men of Dover have had a hand. 1763 — The Peace of Paris gave England control of North America east of the Mississippi, except Florida. 1765 — Following the French and Indian War the British Parliament, under George III, passed the Stamp Act to recover the costs of the war, in part at least, from the colonies. Stamps were required on law papers, etc. The colonists resented this Act. ' Law papers must be made out on stamped paper sold for the purpose. The Sons of Liberty adopted the motto, "Liberty, Property, and no Stamps." Patrick Henry stirred the people by his resolutions. There was great excitement. 1765 — Gen. Winds, then Justice of the Peace, refused to use the stamped paper in making out his legal documents and maintained his indepeiidence by using birch bark. This local incident of Dover was a prelude to the Boston Tea Party of 1773, and points to the next great event in Dover history as associated with the destiny of the nation, for the Colonies became the United States of America as a result of the Declara- tion of Independence in 1776. 1768 — John Jackson's brother, Joseph, is said to have bought part of John's forge in 1768, selling it, next year, to his son Stephen Jackson of "Mendom," who afterwards became owner of the fine mill property at Rockaway, with large tracts of valuable lands. He once had the honor of entertaining Gen. Washington at his house. He was a man of great energy and died in 1812. Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle thinks that Rockaway may have been settled in 1725 — 30 by the building of a small forge. 1772 — The American colonies have great sea power. Help make Eng- land an empire. Richard Faesch bought up the Richard mine (named after him) which was afterwards operated by the Dover Company of Can- field & Losey, and. by Blackwell & McFarlan, and sold by the latter to the Thomas Iron Company in 1856. Mines and forges are the backbone of Dover history. Further details can be found in Munsell's History of Morris County and in the State Geo- 28 1776— 1783, and New Jersey was no longer under a royal governor. The Revolutionary War occupied the attention of Dover folks from 1776 to 1783 and Morris County was particularly con- cerned in the struggle because of the Winter Camps of Washing- ton and the American army at Morristown, and because of the demand for iron products in carrying on the battle for freedom. Dr. Tuttle has been the intimate historian of the experiences of Morris County people during the Revolution. The "Ballads of New Jersey in the Revolution," based chiefly upon his local sketches, further illustrates the times. 1779 — Jonathan Dicker son, in partnership with Minard Le Fevre, began to buy out the Kirkbride interest in the Succasunna mine. 1790 — The following postofifices were established in New Jersey: Eliza- beth, Newark, Princeton, Trenton, East Bridgeton (Rahway). 1 791 — Only six post offices in New Jersey. 1792 — The rage for building canals and turnpikes broke out. Reached Dover later. 1793 — These postoffices were added : Amboy, Bridgeton, Morristown, Rockaway (which then served for Dover), Woodbury, Woods- town. 1792 — Canfield & Losey bought from Josiah Beaman the iron works in Dover, situajted on the Rockaway river. They built the dam, a rolling mill, a slitting mill, a nail factory and also a dwelling house for Mr. Losey, who lived in Dover and conducted the business. In his house was a store and the first known post office, of which he was the postmaster, as testified by Mrs. Livermore. Jacob Losey was her great uncle. This is the first mention of a "Dover store." Israel Canfield acquired title to extensive min- ing tracts outside of Dover in northern New Jersey. Mr. Losey's garden was notable. He was the first to cultivate the tomato in Dover. His hospitality famous. 1794 — 99 — In an old account book of Baker & Ludlow, at Mt. Pleasant, are found the names of 173 persons living in Dover and vicinity, trading at the store or named as members of the family of per- sons having accounts there. Business had to be conducted in English money, pounds, shillings and pence, even at that date. The English colonial government had discouraged the circulation of money and the habit of trading by barter had long been estab- lished in the colonies. Also credit would be given by transfers on the accounts of persons trading at the one store, in a manner to supply, in a way, the use of bank checks. The entries in the old books throw much light upon the habits and doings and method of living of. that day, as well as providing the nearest sub- stitute for a census of the population with lists of family names. It is said that Dover was at this time (end of the eighteenth cen- tury) full of infidelity and wickedness. (Munsell). Followers of Tom Paine disseminated his sentiments. Standards were low. This was not limited to Dover, for at that time, after the Revolu- 29 tionary War, French infidelity was rife in our States. The "Age of Reason" affected this country as well as Europe. Dr. Dwight, president of Yale College at that time, preached a series of ser- mons on the evidences and claims of Christianity and did much to stem the tide. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY By this time we see that Dover is an industrial town, and that its prosperity is largely dependent on the mines by which it is sur- rounded and the manufacture of the iron which they supply. In look- ing to the future, in planning to establish or to carry on a community, present-day methods of efficiency would demand a study of those ele- ments which belond to any well-developed community, and would doubtless recognize as such elements — 1. Industry, or the means of making a living. This involves the rendering of some service to the world of which we are a part. 2. Communication with the outside world, by letter, by travel. Hence roads. 3. Transportation : The means of carrying our products to dis- tant places and of bringing back the products that we need. Hence, more and better roads, canals, railroads — anything that will carry — even airplanes. 4. A medium of exchange. Barter, or exchange of products, is the foundation of trade; but a monetary and banking system may facilitate business. 5. Family life, involving marriage and the home. The industrial foundation of life is only a foundation on which to rear the edifice, humanity. 6. Education, or the training of the young, demands a place in the complete community. Hence schools, teachers, books, a public library. 7. Furthermore, Religion is a part of life. Hence churches. 8. Entertainment and social life refuse to be overlooked. Hence, places of recreation, outdoors and indoors. 9. Government and all departments of public welfare must be provided for. Hence, municipal organization, public officers. 10. Protection of life and property call for a police force and a fire department, to fight crime and fire. 11. Various public works are devised — water, gas, electricity. Some of these affairs are conducted as private enterprises, but they all enter into the history of a town. 12. A Court and a legal profession will administer the law. 13. Physicians will watch over life and health. 14. Many kinds of private business, and of arts, trades, and sciences will find a place. 15. In carrying on all these activities personal character is devel- oped ; men and women make their mark on the common life of their fellow citizpns. Biography becomes a great part of his- tory. 30 When looking forward we may build ideals for each of these inter- ests. In looking back through Dover history we may search for the answer that Dover has given to all these demands of human life. When we discover that answer we have the history of Dover. To make that history complete is more than we can attempt in the time and space available, but some contribution to such a history may be outlined. History is not a mere mathematical statement of facts and dates. Behind the dates lie countless episodes of comedy and tragedy, and a ceaseless struggle between the forces of good and evil. There is a constant wrestling to achieve destiny, a story of varying success and failure. The dates are merely the frame of the map, marked off to show latitude and longitude. COMMERCE We have traced the vicissitudes of the iron business of Dover from 1750 to 1792, showing how John Jackson was sold out in 1753, and how others took up the work. We have also alluded to family history, to world events, and the Revolutionary War as it was related to Dover and this locality. The prosperity of Dover does not depend upon its own industry alone. We cannot consume all our own iron. Our industries must find outside markets. And such markets are affected by tariff laws, embargoes, wars, peaceful industries of other places, finance, thrift and enterprise the world over. The water in the guage of a steam boiler pulsates with an up and down movement (when the guage is in working order), that reveals the level of the unseen water in the boiler ; and Dover, with its industries in iron, becomes a guage of world conditions, indicated by its smoke stacks. For example, in 1783, after peace was declared with England, British ships thronged our harbors, bringing British goods. United States commerce suffered. In 1793, the United States, as a neutral nation had a great opportunity for trade at sea when England was at war with the French Republic. No doubt Canfield and Losey, of Dbver, profited by this. From 1789 to 1807 there was an unparalleled growth of American shipping and trade. Dover iron, doubtless, had a share in this prosperity. In 1803, the United States was the great carrier of the world's goods by sea. In 1805 Jefferson's Embargo stopped the commercial prosperity of the United States. In 1810, when the embargo was lifted, the foreign commerce of the United States became very great, during the Napoleonic war. In the War of 1812-14, the blockade of the United States coast caused great distress. An extended essay might be written on this theme — The Prosperity of Dover as affected by world conditions during the past two centuries. See Kraft & Moriss's "Sea Power in American History." 31 TURNPIKES 1804— The Union Turnpike was made from Morristown to Sparta. 1806 — The Washington Turnpike from Morristown to Phillipsburg. 181 1 — The Newark and Morris Turnpike firom South Orange to Mor- ristown. These turnpikes had a great influence in developing the resources of the country. 1812 — ^A branch of Union Turnpike from Dover to Ledgewood. CIRCUIT-PREACHERS 1 80 1 — Methodist preachers tried to make an appointment to preach in Dover, but were driven out by threats of a riot. Early in this century circuit preaching was in vogue among Quakers, Presbyterians and Methodists. People were engaged in the struggle for a livelihood. Preachers had scattered parishes. Meetings were held in barns and schoolhouses for want of a regular church building, and at infrequent intervals. Phebe Baker, at the age of ninety-nine, testified that the people attended church in the old stone barn on the Chester road, and came gladly to hear Mr. Sherman when the children brought word from school that there would be preaching next Sunday. 1807 — Rev. Barnabas King was settled at Rockaway Presbyterian Church, having for his parish Dover, Berkshire Valley, and Sparta. Previous to this the church at Rockaway, although organ- ized and partly finished, had services from time to time. People from Dover would ride or walk to Rockaway to attend church or religious meetings, the children walking barefoot to save their shoes. Bariiabas King was pastor for more than fifty years. Then came Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D.D., author of the Centennial Col- lections of Morris County. 1810 — Dover had ten to fifteen dwellings. 1812 — ^The War of 1812 grew out of embargoes on sea traffic. In Dover Byram Pruden was probably the last veteran of that war. 1816 — Rev. Barnabas King organized a Sunday school in Dover. Prayer meetings were also held here. Although I have never seen a prayer meeting mentioned in a school history, I take the liberty of recording the fact that prayer meetings have long been held in Dover, but they are not so largely attended as some other meet- ings. 1816 — December. Petition of Iron Masters of Morris County sent to Congress. 1817 — Blackwell & McFarlan of New York City took over the prop- erty of Canfield & Losey in Dover, to settle accounts due. It is said that there were scarcely twelve dwellings in Dover at that time. The iron business had been depressed after the War of 1812. 1820 — There was a post office in McFarlan's office. Jacob Losey was postmaster. Fourth census of the United States. 32 In the nineteenth century historical events of vast proportions crowd the stage of our national history, events intimately related to the develop- ment of Dover and following each other in rapid succession so that one is tempted to expand these brief "Dover Dates" into a bulky volume. But this cannot be. And it is needless. The work has already been done. Our method stands revealed. Once get thoroughly interested in the history of your home town, in its vital features, its larger interests, and the his- tory of the State and the Nation — even of the world — ^takes on new meaning. Looking out through the windows of these local facts and dates, one feels more keenly the succession of remoter events through their parallelism with our own story. They say that hard times in Europe are driving some people to study more earnestly than they ever did in their school days to find out what has happened lately, why it happened, what it means, what is going to happen next and what they are going to do about it. In such a "preparedness" effort we cannot afford to be behindhand. A good drive in United States history, with all its world-wide bearings, makes a good setting-up exercise for us all. We need to find out what the United States stands for, in world history, what the nations think we stand for, what we ought to stand for. Our book mart is flooded with books of real value and of fascinating interest on these themes. Ask oui: free public library. And our new county library, when it comes. Our educational institutions, in school and college, are presenting such subjects with renewed emphasis and enthusiasm to those who are still within scholastic halls. We need a generation trained and informed as never before iii statesmanship, for home and foreign service. The liberty known within our borders for nearly a century and a half may indeed have done something to "enlighten the world," and we may yet — to speak modestly — ^trim the lights so as to cast a brighter ray across the waves. 1823 — A Fourth of July celebration was held on Morris street, a sort of basket picnic in the woods, with speeches appropriate to the day, and three odes expressive of the patriotic sentiment of that time were sung. This we learn from an old program of the occasion. 1824 — The Morris Canal and Banking Company incorporated, Decem- ber 31, 1824. 1825 — The Morris Canal was being dug through Dover, as noted in an old letter. Completed to Newark in 1831. Fully completed 1836. (Leased to Lehigh Valley R. R. 1871.) Blackwell & McFarlan had a map made of Dover, showing all shops and buildings belonging to the Dover Iron Works, and the streets of Dover, as laid out by them in order to effect the sale of building lots. The map was made by Van Winkle. See Dover History, page 459. A real estate boom ! 1826 — Blackwell & McFarlan had the village of Dover incorporated. . 1 827-— Town lots in Dover are sold. See McFarlan's Descriptions, page 460, Dover History, and advertisement, page 467, calling atten- tion, to the advantages of Dover from its location on the canal, 33 the turnpikes that pass through it, the Lehigh coal brought by the canal, communication with the New York market, and that "near loo Forge fires is in operation within a few miles of the village." 1828 — ^Wm. Ford's advertisement of this date shows his Blacksmithing Business is in operation. He had a shop at Ford's Pond, and his residence was near it, as usual in early times. Zenas Pruden, the wheelwright, had his shop on the corner of Dickerson and Morris streets, adjoining his residence. Other items; of the time can be gleaned from old advertisements and scattered remarks of those who contributed to the Dover History. A chapter might be written on the early stores of Dover and vicinity, such as the Hoagland store at the site of the Central Railroad Station, the Moses Hurd store on Morris street, the Old Stone Store next to the National Union Bank, Felix Hinchman's General Store, where Turner's is to-day, the Losey Store and others. Consult the index of Dover History and the list of additional references given with Dover Dates. The history of commerce in Dover would require a volume. From "The Jerseyman" of August 20th, 1828: MEETING OF THE WATERS A number of the inhabitants of Dover and its vicinity friendly to the Morris Canal assembled on thfe i8th inst., at 4 o'clock P. M., to witness the meeting of waters of Lake Hopatcong with those of the Rockaway River. As soon as they were seen to mingle the following toasts were drank, each being succeeded by the firing of cannon and hearty cheers : 1st (toast). The memory of Jonathan Dickerson-r-who forty years ago predicted that within one century there would be a canal formed from the Delaware to the Passaic, supplied with water from Lake Hopatcong. Note : — The other toasts were not copied. — F. A. C. 1829 — Complaints about the educational shortcomings of the time led to an Act of Legislature to establish schools and introduce much- needed reforms. Too many of the haphazard teachers of ithe country schools were addicted to intoxicating beverages, with sad results in the schoolroom. A drunken teacher has been known to "wale" a boy until the iron ferrule of his cane was embedded in the flesh of the boy's back, as I have heard from one who saw it. (The first law providing for public schools was in 1693.) 1829 — The Stone Academy on Dickerson street, opposite the old frame building also known as "The Academy," was erected by Henry McFarlan, Sr., for use as a school and partly for religious meet- ings. The McFarlans took an active interest in the welfare of the community. Under their regime we find constant traces of a head and heart planning for the good of the people in their home life as well as for the community as a whole. They were pioneers 34 in "community planning." For instance, not liking the shabby appearance of the houses, Mr. McFarlan laid in a supply of pamt which he distributed to the inhabitants for the purpose of using it on their houses, thus improving the appearance of the village- Maple trees were set out along the street— the first trace of a "Shade Tree Commission"— except -that Jacob Losey set out a row of willows where East Blackwell street is now. The last one has just been cut down, near The Advance office. 1830— The death of Henry McFarlan, Sr., occurred suddenly. He was succeeded by his son Henry, who conducted the business until 1869, assisted by Mr. Guy M. Hinchman as superintendent. Mr. McFarlan and Mr. Hinchman, on opposite sides of the main vil- lage street, carried on a friendly rivalry in cultivating beautiful gardens. An interest was taken in actually beautifying this tow» of smoky iron mills and developing the spirit of love for the "home town." The older inhabitants bear witness to this in their reminiscences. 1831 — ^The Morris Canal was completed to Newark. The first canal boat. The Dover of Dover, made its maiden trip under the com- mand of Captain Byram Pruden. The people gathered at the Canal Basin and gave them a great "send-off." The Freight House on the Basin became a busy center of new prosperity for the town — it is now a neglected ruin. The railroad has changed all that. 1832— Mr. Thomas B. Segur came to Dover to be cashier of the Dover Bank, which was established by Phelps, Dodge & Co., of New York. He resided in the building since known as the Stone Hotel, and the bank was in the same building^ Barter was now assisted by banking, another step in the progress of the village. Thomas B. Segur left three sons: Elisha B., Anson, and Warren. The latter was cashier of the Union Bank of Dover, which stood where the Tf ust Company now is. 1834 — ^Dover has a bank, two academies, a Sunday school, thirty dwell- ings, iron works, blacksmithing establishment, canal, the Mansion House Hotel, new streets; things are picking up, building lots on the main sftreets are being taken up (see Dover History, pages 460-462), and the place begins to look more attractive. Business and population begin to come to Dover instead of going to Ran- dolph, Mill Brook, Mt. Pleasant, Mine Hill — owing tp the canal, and the McFarlans, and some other "town-bmlders." Next we need a church of our own. What is a town without a church? Why, they started a church the first thing in Newark! Before they started the town! 1835 — ^April 23. The First Presbyterian Church of Dover was organ- ized, under the Presbytery of Newark, with a membership of seven men and thirteen women. Services were held in the Stone Academy until 1842. 1836— Dover population about 300. Sunday school has 150 scholars 35 and 28 teachers, 1837 — Business depressbn affected the country. 1838 — The First Methodist Episcopal Church was organized and a build- ing dedicated in December. The Methodist Church at Mill Brook was erected at the same time. 1839 — R^v. Burtis C. Megie became the stated supply of the Presby- terian Church at a salary of $500, with donation visits. 1839 — ^We hear of a Dover Lyceum or literary society, at which poems were read — a new departure for the iron town. A poem by Dr. Jacob Lundy Brotherton, a Quaker, of Randolph, celebrates the beauties and advantages of Dover. Dover in 1839 had less than 400 population. The houses were on the low land. The hills were covered with forests. A stage coach arrived from Newark three times a week. There was a stage to Morristown. No busses or street cars were known then in New York City, the city limit of which was at Tenth street. The First Presbyterian Church of Dover had 37 members. The Sons of Temperance (S. of T.) was founded by Mr. Segur. A library for them constitutes Dover's first public library. Dover becomes the banner temperance town of New Jersey, and this was one of the considerations that influenced Wm. Young (1847) to leave Brooklyn with his family and set up his bake shop on Dickerson street, corner of Sussex. It is worth while to have a reputation as a banner temperance town if it induces a man like Wm. Young to become a member of the community. He became a school trustee and a "leading citizen." DOVER'S INVENTIVE GENIUS 1840 — ^Joshua H. Butterworth made patent locks in 1846. He was a Scotchman and was headman for McFarlan. He invented rivet machines. He owned the corner since known as the Baker corner, at Blackwell and Warren streets, southeast. Here he had his dwelling. About where Hummer's real estate office now (1922) is, he had a little shop where he made clocks, repaired watches and tinkered in his spare time and when the iron works were inactive. His lot, bought in 1840, comprised 11,000 square feet. Mr. Butterworth invented a shuttle for a sewing machine and is said to have been the father of modern bank combination locks. Mr. Canfield has two specimens of such locks made by Butterworth, requiring five or six keys to operate them. 1842 — Presbyterian Church dedicated its first building. 1844 — There was great social unrest. The present State Constitution was adopted, and needed reforms were made in regard to impris- onment for debt and bankruptcy and the legal status of married women. i, ,; 36 1840-48 — Market day was an institution at Dover, wagons coming in from the country with produce, and people gathering around them to buy from the producer direct. — D. H., p. 384. 1846-47— The Mexican War. Oregon acquired in 1846. CaHfornia ceded to the United States at the close of the Mexican War. These acquisitions of territory, together with the acquisition of Florida and Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana territory, called for a great migration to take up the new land — one reason why more people did not come to Dover, in "The Daily Advertiser" of Newark, 26 February, 1848, is a letter describing the first temperance meeting held in Dover in 1833, February 12, at which Rev. Dr. Tuttle gave an address. About that time one store sold $2,000 worth of ardent spirits in one year. "The Jerseyman" of March 2nd, 1848, quotes from "The Newark Daily Advertiser" thus : Dover, in 1833 ^^^ ^33 families, 753 inhabitants. 1839 " 128 " 961 1845 " 210 " 1,201 (These figures differ from statements given in Dover History, pages 417, 450, 478.)* Monday, July 31, 1848, the Morris & Essex Railroad was formally opened to Dover. * In 1840 the school trustees of Dover reported 136 children between the ages of five and sixteen. In 1853 there were 275 enrolled. 1848 — The Morris & Essex Railroad comes to Dover. The first train offers a free ride to Morristown. A big time and a public dinner. More facilities for transportation and business. Here is where Dover forges ahead of Mill Brook. i849^Gold discovered in California. John W. Hurd and Sandy Young go to California. (Hurd, the donor of Hurd Park, later.) 1849 — St. John's Episcopal Church is established under the charge of Rev. Charles W. Rankin, of Morristown. Henry McFarlan was appointed lay reader. He donated the property on which the church stands, and was a liberal supporter of it. Their first meetings were held in the upper room of the Stone Academy. 1850 — Dover claims 700 population. The names of many citizens may be found on page 384, D. H. A railroad station is established nearly opposite Wm. Young's bake shop and not far from Wm. Ford's residence. Probably Wm. Ford found it necessary to remove his machine shop to Sussex street on the lot that was later occupied by the Morris County Machine Shop. He removed his residence also. The railroad needed his Dickerson street property. The Quakers are advocating the Abolition of Slavery and past- ing Whittier's poems into their scrapbooks at Randolph. 37 1856 — "The era following the close of the War of 1812 until the open- ing of the Civil War was one of stupendous activity. Interrupted only by the financial depressions of 1817 and 1837, and slightly retarded by the Mexican War, the progress of New Jersey was beyond the wildest dreams of the enthusiast, Alexander Ham- ilton. Jersey City, Newark and Paterson were growing great. The public school system was established, reforms instituted in the care of the defective, delinquent and dependent classes of society, railroads and ferries built, banks established, post offices opened and newspapers printed." — Legislative Manual of New Jersey. 1861 — The Civil War. How the boys and girls of Mr. Hall's School in Dover made and raised a school flag is told in D. H., page 387. The Memorial Day services conducted every year in Dover under the auspices of the Grand Army of the Republic bear witness to the part that Dover took in that great struggle for the preserva- tion of the Union and the Abolition of Slavery. 1869 — After the Civil War, business being dull, Mr. McFarlan closed up the affairs of the Iron Works and suspended operations. Little of consequence was done with these works until Mr. McFarlan sold them in 1880 to The Dover Iron Company, organized by Judge Francis S. Lathrop. This company repaired buildings, made improvements, and revived the enterprise which means so much for the prosperity of Dover. The High Bridge branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey was extended'from Port Oram to Dover and Rockaway in June, 1881, causing an increased demand for labor. It is the Longwood Valley R. R. from Ger- man Valley ,to Wharton. 1869 — A Town Charter was obtained for Dover, April i. See "Charter of Dover" with by-lawrs and ordinances. George Richards, Mayor. 1873 — ^The panic that followed the Civil War affected Dover. Dover Fire Department organized. 38 "PUTTING DOVER ON THE MAP" When did Dover first "get on the map?" In my "Ballads of New Jersey in the Revolution," there are two old maps of the seventeenth century. One was made from a MS. map of R. Eskine, F. R. S., used by the army in 1778-80. As shown by the note below this map, Dover was not on it. Hibemia, Mt. Hope, Mt. Pleasant Forge, Longwood Forge, "Backshire" Forge, Franklin Forge and Benson's Forge were shown, but not Rockaway or Dover, aldiough iron works existed at both places previous to that date. On the other old map, made when Philadelphia was the national capital, previous to 1800, Rockaway and "Percipany" are shown, but not Dover. It would be interesting to find a copy of the first map on which Dover appears. Some of the things that have "pot Dover on the map" are referred to in the following rhymes, entitled "The Dotver Primer." There was once a "New England Primer," you know, that was quite famous. It contained the following rhyme — Z — "Zacche-us he, did climb a tree His Lord to see." 1722— THE DOVER PRIMER— 1922- Of blessed memory is he Who knows his Dover A, B, C. A — Stands for AGE, and our DOVER, we hear. Has really arrived at her two-hundredth year. A— THE ADVANCE, whose two Editors seek To give you the news of the town twice a week. B— Is for BEMAN, who followed the lead Of JACKSON in trying by iron to succeed. B— Is for BLACKWELL, our Dover "Main Street," Where the great congregation of people doth meet B — Is for BIRCH and his Boiler workshop, Where Stacks, too, are made, to go over the top. C — Stands for CANFIELD, who built dam and nrilf. With LOSEY as partner, to run things at will. C— Is for CANFIELD and LOSEY; 'bout tiien "Old Tye" grew to DOVER, but who knows just when? "C — Stands for CHURCHES, and Dover has some; If you want to hear more, to the Meeting House Come. 'C — Is for CENTRAL, a branch that comes down From High Bridge to gather up freight from our town. D— Stands for DOVER; D. D., DOVER DATES; Dover's found on the map of the United States. D — Is for DRILL WORKS, whose trade, it appears, Extends to the nations of two hemispheres. E— Is EAST DOVER ; a hero lived there. Renowned for his voice, heard in battle or prayer. E— Is EAST DOVER, and there they make FROGS— The kind that were never long-tailed PoUiwogs. F— Is for FIREMEN, who at the alarm 39 Fight the flames, risking danger to save folks from harm, F — Stands for FORGE, and a Forge, it is said. Was the cradle of Dover — we still "Forge Ahead!" *G — Stands for GEORGE; George the First was our king When Jackson's trip-hammer first made anvil ring. G— Is for GUENTHER, whose Athletic Field O'er lovers of sport fascination doth wield. H— Is for HOSKINS, elected to steer Our town through her great bi-centennial year. H— Is for HOSPITAL, please lend a hand; A place we all visit when Doctors command. H— Is for HURD— and HURD PARK, near the spot Where the Hurds of oldtime had their first building lot. I — Stands for IRON, the magnetic kind. That long from our neighboring hills has been mined. I — Is the INDEX, in which may be found News items from Dover and sections all 'round. J — Stands for JACKSON, who first built a forge On the brook that comes down from our picturesque gorge. K— Stands for KATTERMAN'S Sw-iss Knitting Mill, Where garments are made that will just fill the bill. 'L — LACKAWANNA, whose many trains roll Through Dover with passengers, milk, freight and coal. L — Is for LAUNDRY, and Cook knqws the way To save you the trouble of Blue Washing Day. L— Is for LIBRARY; Dover is proud To have one, sufficiently— ^not too — high-browed. L — Is for LOSEY, first postmaster, he; Far-famed as a host for his chef's cookery. M — Means McFARLAN, a name that long stood For progress, prosperity, thrift, "making good." M— Is for MORRIS CANAL, in its day, The hope of our village; now railroads hold sway. N— Stands for NEIGHBORS, and we have a few; Millbrook, Wharton, Mine Hill, Mt. Fern fair to view. O — Is for OVENS, and we make them here ; The RICHARDSON STOVE WORKS promulgate good cheer. P— PICATINNY is not far away. Where Dover, folks work, and get very good pay. Q— Is for QUAKER; the Quakers bore sway Over all of New Jersey in WILLIAM PENN'S DAY. -R — Is for RANDOLPH, the township we're near. Named after the Quaker Fitz Randolph, 'tis clear. R — Is, for ROLLING MILL; that's where we make The toughest iron rivets^ that bend, but don't break, S — Is for SILK, and we have quite a trade. For Singletjon spins silk where iron was made. 40 S— Is SILK STOCKINGS, that famed ONYX BRAND That Guenther produces — ^the best in the land, T— Is for TEMPERANCE ; Dover's the town That once had State Temperance Banner renown. T— Is for TEACHERS, who do their full share Each new generation for life to prepare. U — Is for US ; here we are ; look us over And see if you don't want to settle in Dover. V— Is for VARIOUS City Departments : Board of Health, Firemen, Streets, all in separate compartments. W — Stands for our first President, Who counted each forge, on munitions intent. W— WATER WORKS ; Steffany told How Water's provided for young and for old. X — ^Always stands for some factor UNKNOWN, Like the Future, that's hid till we make it our own. Y — Stands for YOUNG, a shrewd Scot who once came To Dover and helped us maintain our good name. Y — Is for YOUTH ; may our Young People be The Jewels of Dover, delightful to see. Z — Is the end, and it may stand for ZEAL, Which keeps towns from getting run down at the heel. & — Now I must stop ; but I wish I could view The DOVER of two-thousand-two-twenty-two. P. S. — ^And many more rhymes may be made on this plan — Bi-centennial notes that two centuries span. To Conclude: B— BENEDICTION : May God's Blessing crown The DOVER that you and I call our Home Town ! PART II Location and Environment 43 TWO OLD ROADS In Book of Roads A at the County Clerks Office, Morristown, on page 213, we find this record: ROADS IN MENDUM. ROAD near BEEMAN'S FORGE in Mendhain. Beginning at the northwest corner of the schoolhouse near Israel Canfield's forge that was formerly Josiah Beemans thence running (we abbreviate) i) N 36 degrees, W 5 chanes 39 links 2) N 66 W 8 21 3) N 51 W 6 38 4) S 81 W14 64 5) N76 W I 35 6) N 62 W 2 66 7) (no figures) 8) (no figures) 9) N 88 W3 89 10) (no figures) 11) N 62 W3 50 12) N 22 West to the middle of the bridge ledeing over a smale streme nere Josiah hurds one chane and being a three Rood Road. Dated "Mendham Town Ship, August 11, 1792. Here we find a clear reference to Dover under the name of "Beeman's Forge" in 1792, with the fact that it had now become Israel Canfield's forge. The name "Dover" apparently came into use soon after, instead of continuing the practice of using the owner's name. Otherwise the place might have been known as "Canfields Forge,'' and then by some other name. At the bottom of the same page we find a description of a "Road near Beeman's Forge in Pequanack a three rod road, beginning at the end of a bridge in Pequanack, crossing the Rockaway River by Josiah Beeman's dwelling house." Dated August 11, 1792. The second road mentioned above is described as follows: i) N 8 degrees W 3 chaines 39 links 2) N 39 W 2 65 3) N 27 W 5 33 4) N 60 E 5 37 5) N 55 E 4 35 6) N 53 E 6 7) N 84 E 2 63 8) S 8s Eio 57 The First Road. — ^Where was that schoolhouse? As the road was on the south side of the river (being in Mendham), the school- house was south of the river. A schoolhouse at the foot of Morris street would give us a good start, from its northwest corner. McFarlan located a school here later. Was there a school there from earlier ijauoos JO z6^i — S3UII1 44 The map of 1825, Dover History, shows a road running from the foot of Morris street northwest, on a diagonal line, to the canal, then being made. The canal lock made it necessary for any road headed in this direction to be changed and brought over the Rockaway below the lock, as shown in this map, where Sussex street is indicated as a new street. But observe the direction of this diagonal road. Old roads of that; time were not laid out in straight lines, crossing others at right angles. Tliey followed old Indian trails, in conformity with the lay of the land and the winding of streams, aiming at the easiest ford or crossing of streams. Such was this road, coming from Frank- lin around the point of the mountain, keeping to the base of the moun- tain south of it to avoid the river north of it, then spreading much further than its present limits and making swampy ground. This diagonal road, coming to the northern end of what is now Warren street, led, on the north, to a bridge over the river, and continued northward, in Pequanack township, to what is now Pequan- nock street. The remains of a stone foundation for a bridge are still shown at that place of crossing. And the river was once fordable there. The road north of the bridge, in Pequanack, is the second road mentioned on page 213 in Road Book A. From the southern end of this bridge a road ran along the river and south of it, westward, as described, to the "smale streme nere Josiah hurds." The canal "stole this roadway" as John W. Hurd said, making a new road necessary, south of the canal, as we now have it. But the cuts through rock and the grading down to lower lines came later. Mr. Magie tells of the road running north of Jacob Losey's house before Blackwell street was opened. "Josiah Hurd's dwelling." — The Josiah Hurd of 1792 lived where John W. Hurd lived when he gave the land for Hurd Park. Tliis property has recently been bought by M. Friedman, who now lives there. There was another Josiah Hurd (junior) who lived on the Phillips tract, west of the Pine Terrace Inn. That house was removed a few years ago. Dr. Magie says that an Indian village was located where the first Hurd dwelling stands, doubtless taking advantage of the noted spring of water in Hurd Park, and the good fishing in brook and river. Blackwell street was not made until about 1825- 1832, to supply the place of the road that was crowded out by the canal. The Second Road. — This was near Beeman's Forge in Pequannock (north of the river), crossing the river by Josiah Beeman's dwelling house. His house was a long, low dwelling north of the river. Just north of the river and east of the road stood the Hoagland House. The site of it was between the present municipal building and the station of the Central Railroad. Perhaps the northwest corner of municipal building impinges on the site. But I leave it for some surveyor to plot the course of this second road. 45 TOWNSHIPS Let us now elucidate the subject of townships, referred to above as Mendham and Pequannock. In 1921 reports were rendered by Frederick A. Canfield, representing Randolph Township; James B. Tbnking, for Dover; and John Yetter, for Rockaway Township; together with Theodore Ayres, neutral, from Morris ; Edward Howell, civil engineer; and Lawrence Day, counsel. This commission was appointed to clear up uncertainties existing in regard to boundaries of Rockaway and Randolph townships and the town of Dover. The original reports are in the Clerk's Office, Morristown, with maps and full description, furnishing the following data. Until 1739 Hunterdon County extended on the north to the Rock- away River, Dover being in Hunterdon, which was taken from Burl- ington in 1714. In 1739 Morris was taken from Hunterdon. 1740 Morris County consisted of three townships — Morris, Hanover and Pequannock, to which Roxbury was added later in 1740. 1749 Mendham was forrned from Hanover, Morris and Roxbury. It included Dover's location, south of the river. 1804 Jefferson was formed from Roxbury and Pequannock. 1805 Randolph was formed from Mendham, and named in honor of Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, who made his last will March 31, 1806. Randolph took in also parts of Dover north of the river. 183 1 Dover town (incorporated as a village in 1826) was "formed in Randolph township. 1869 Dover was incorporated, containing iioo acres, in Randolph. 1871 Dover limits were enlarged. 1896 Dover was separated from Randolph township. Note on Josiah Beeman's dwelling. This dwelling (1792) is referred to as a landmark for the second road above. It was north of the river. Another reference states that "the beginning corner of Schooley's Forge was about one chain from Josiah Beeman's house." Where was Schooley's Forge? In 1768 Robert Schooley conveyed to Joseph Jackson and his son Stephen of Mendham, Bloomer, one- fourth of a property known as Schooley's Forge. Did Robert Schooley acquire the forge property of John Jackson, who was sold out in 1753 by sheriff? It was then in Mendham. I find this statement about Schooley's Forge — "This was at Dover (named so later) back of the house recently (1876) built by Alpheus Beemer, on the south side of the road to Succasunna." The Alpheus Beemer house referred to stood on or near the site of the Pine Terrace Inn of later years. It looks as if Beeman first resided in John Jackson's dwelling, within one chain of Jackson's forge ; then 'Beeman sold the property to Robert Schooley, who sold one fourth right in it in 1768. And that Beeman afterwards removed his dwelling place to the north side of the river, where his other forge and most of his land was, this dwelling being in Pequannock near the bridge over the river, as stated in the road book for 1792. 46 ENVIRONMENT To give a complete account of Dover's environment would be a long story. One would have to do justice to the scenery and the inhabi-, tants of Mt. Freedom, Center Grove, Randolph, Mt. Fern, Crane Town, Millbrook, Union, Franklin, Shongum, Mt. Tabor, Denville, Rockaway, Hibemia, Mt. Hope, Mt. Pleasant, Bowlbyville, Richard Mine, Thomas Mine, Mine Hill, Kenvil, Succasunna, Ferromont, Berkshire Valley, Wharton, Luxemburg, Hopatcong — ^perhaps Stanhope and Netcong and a few others. Here is a good opportunity for historians of the future, or for our school classes in composition to distinguish themselves. We have touched on a few of these inviting topics in prose and verse. FERROMONT, 1713 At Ferromont, Mine Hill, may be seen the old mansion of Governor Mahlon Dickerson. Across the road from the house is the shaft of the famous Dickerson Mine, which figured so conspicuously in the early history of this region. The mine is now closed. At first the ore was obtained from the open cut, to supply the forges near by, 1713 — . In the Dover Public Library fuller information may be found about Governor Dickerson, whose career is summarized as follows: Bom, Hanover, N. J., April 17, 1770. Graduated at Princeton College, 1789. Admitted to the bar of New Jersey, 179.'^. Commissioner of Bankruptcy, 1802. Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania, 1805-1808. Removed to Morris County, N. J., 1810. Member of New Jersey Assembly, 1812. Justice of New Jersey Supreme Court, 1813. Governor of New Jersey, 1815-1817. United States Senator, 1817-1833. Declined appointment as Minister to Russia, 1834. Secretary of the Navy, 1831-1838. Judge of U. S. District Court for New Jersey. Died at Succasunna, October 5, 1853. Here, too, is the home of Frederick A. Canfield, with his notable collection of New Jersey minerals and historical data. THE FRIENDS' MEETING HOUSE IN RANDOLPH The annual meeting of the trustees of the Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association of Randolph Township was held at the meet- ing house, near Dover, on Tuesday afternoon, June 2, 1914, at 3:30 o'clock. The present trustees of the association are Eugene A. Carrell, of Morristown, who is also the president ; Elias B. Mott, of Rockaway ; M. Wheeler Corwin, of Kenvil ; Henry Alwood, of Succasunna ; Charles Brotherton, of Dover; William H. Baker, of Dover, who is treasurer; and Fred Hance, of East Orange, who w(as elected trustee and secretary to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father, Edward S. Hance, 47 who capably filled these offices of the association from its organization on October 22, 1898, when it was formed for the purpose of preserving the historic old building and to keep the cemetery grounds in order. The following new members were admitted at this meeting: — Fred Hance, of East Orange ; Dr. A. L. L. Baker and Mrs. Ellen B. Baker, of Dover ; Mrs. Phoebe J. Corwin; Mrs. Laura C. Alwood, and Charlotte H. Meeker, of Succasunna, and E. Bertram Mott, of Rockaway. The following brief history, compiled by the late James W. Brother- ton, will perhaps prove of interest to the public. As early as 1740 several families of Friends, most of them from' Woodbridge Township, settled in Randolph (then Mendham) Township, and meetings were held at their homes. Among these early settlers; were William Schooley, James Brotherton, Robert Schooley, Jacob Laing, and Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, with their families. In 1740 meetings for worship were being held on first days at the- home of William Schooley, a log house about three-quarters of a mile- east of the present meeting house. On 8th Mo., 15th, 1758, one acre of land, the site of this house,, was deeded by Robert Schooley for four pounds of the current money of the Province of New Jersey, to Jacob Laing and James Brotherton, trustees, who are to hold the land in trust as a place to bury the dead of the people called Quakers, "then residing in the vicinity, but members of the monthly meeting at Woodbridge, N. J." In 1758 the sum of seventy-three pounds was raised and the present structure was built and a regular meeting was established, subordinate to the Woodbridge Monthly Meeting. For many years meetings were- held regularly on the first and fifth days of the week at 11 A. M. In pleasant weather the meeting house was on first days well filled both- above and below, people driving in or coming on horseback several miles to attend. Richard Dell and others ministered acceptably to their spir- itual needs. During the years from 1820 to 1830 or thereabouts, many valued members of this meeting, with their families, migrated to Western New York State and settled there. This so depleted the home meeting that it began rapidly to decline. Mid-week meetings were dropped and in- 1864 meetings for worship, except by appointment, were discontinued altogether. About the year 1870, John Hance, Isaac Alwood Vail, and others whose ancestors and relatives were buried in the graveyard, contributed' money to build a stone wall to enclose the grounds. The wall was relairf and completed in 1880-1 by Isaac Alward, and an iron fence constructed across the front by subscriptions raised by John Alwood Vail and John- Hance. A row of sheds at the rear of the meeting house formerly shel- tered the horses in unpleasant weather, but this fell into decay and was not rebuilt. By the will of Edward Dell $500 was left in trust, the interest to be used in caring for the graveyard. The year 1897 found the building and grounds sadly neglected. James W. Brotherton and Rachel B. Vail, the only surviving members 48 residinq^ in the vicinity, requested of the Rahway and Plainfield- (form- erly Woodbridge) Monthly Meeting, that the property belonging to the Randolph Meeting be deeded to them, promising to provide for the care and oversight thereof, that the property should be kept in suitable con- dition for the purposes for which it was intended. On loth Mo., 14th, 1897, the trustees of Rahway and Plainfield Monthly Meeting deeded the Randolph Meeting property for $1 to James W. Brotherton and Rachel B. Vail under the above agreement. On the 6th Mo., 28th, 1898, there convened a number of those whose ancestors of years ago or relatives of more recent date had been laid at rest in the old burying grounds. These interested persons, tak- ing the necessary legal steps, formed themselves into an association to be known as The Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association of Randolph Township. On October 22, 1898, James W. Brotherton and Rachel B. Vail deeded the property for $1 to the aforesaid association, which association agrees to carry out the promises made by them. The members of the Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Asso- ciation of Randolph Township at this time were : President, James W. Brotherton, Dover, N. J. ; secretary, Edward S. Hance, Wharton, N. J. ; treasurer, William H. Baker, Dover, N. J. ; Eugene A. Carrell, Morris- town, N. J. ; Henry Alward, Succasunna, N. J. ; Elias B. Mott, Rock- away, N. J. — From "The Index," June 12, 1914. THE QUAKERS When John Jackson sold out his Dover property in 1753, it is said that he went to the Western part of Virginia and started someSiing there. You will find a town named "Jackson" in Jackson County on the map of West Virginia. He must have been then over fifty years old. His property was sold in two portions. The forge and the land on which his dwelling stood in Dover went to Josiah Beman, "Bloomer." A bloomer was one who made rough blooms of iron at such a forge as Jackson's. A bloom of iron is the rough ball or lump of iron obtained by roasting the ore on a charcoal fire in the forge oven. The extended farm lands which Jackson had acquired in 1722, situ- ated now in Mine Hill, adjacent to Jackson's brook, were sold to a Quaker named Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, who afterwards added to this property until he had an estate of about 1,000 acres. At this point, therefore, the history forks — one fork leading to the continuance of the iron works in Dover and the other fork leading to the Quakers of Mine Hill, Randolph and Millbrook. William Penn was one who early located large "returns" of land in this region, taking up with the Kirkbrides some thousands of acres. Leonard Elliott's house, once known as the Munson Homestead, was in the Penn Return of 1715 (Dover History, page 473). Thus we see that Dover touched the hem of William Penn's garment, so to speak. The Richard Brotherton farm, it is said, was bought from William Penn and has stayed in the family ever since. Richard Brotherton mar- ried Mary Wilson, a great-great-granddaughter of the Robert and Ann 49 Wilson who came over from Yorkshire, England, 1683, in the same ship with William Penn. In 1681-82, Lady Elizabeth Carteret sold the Province of East Jersey to an Association of twelve persons, mostly of the Society of Friends, among them being William Penn. William Penn's object in taking up so much land appearsTo have been to provide a place of refuge for the Quakers who were persecuted in the Old Country. He gathered them together and led them out of the land of persecution into the wilderness of Pennsylvania and New Jersey — a regular exodus into a new Promised Land. Randolph and Mill- brook, then, were parts of this Promised Land in the New World. Perhaps the present inhabitants have forgotten that fact. Some of the country schools in the vicinity of Dover might get up excellent historical programs based upon their interesting past and it would be a good lesson in American history. Morris County is full of historical interest. A volume might be written about the Quaker settlement, and much about these Quakers may be found scattered through the pages of Dover History. They were strong for the Abolition of Slavery. From 1800 on the Quakers were agitating in a peaceful way for the emancipa- tion of the slaves, and felt it their duty to assist runaway slaves in their escape to Canada. The "Underground Railway," as it was called, had one station at Randolph. Let me conclude this article with a brief sketch of Richard Brother- ton, a typical saint of the Quaker faith. Although following the butcher's trade, not now regarded as a suitable setting for a moving picture hero, he ennobled his calling. The poet George Herbert says, in one of his religious poems: "Who sweeps a room as for Thy laws Makes that and the action fine." It was in this spirit that Richard Brotherton followed his humble calling and became a lighthouse on the hills of Morris County. In the same spirit other men of those early days followed the necessary callings of village baker, blacksmith, preacher, carpenter, farmer, wagon-maker, ironmaster, and many of them — ^not all — shine as stars in the spiritual firmament of these iron-bearing hills. In our Dover History studies we are trying to "follow the gleam of that light." RICHARD BROTHERTON The story of Dover would not be complete Without "Dicky Brotherton," "honest man" he, The Quaker of Randolph, who sold the folks meat And won wide renown for unfeigned piety. With wagon well stored he would ride far and wide O'er these rough roads and hills to each customer's door Have a chat, leave a "roast" — Morris County beef — I'd Like to meet him to-day on his rounds, as he bore Choice viands to Dover, Mine Hill and Millbrook. The widow and orphan he never forsook ; But gladdened the desolate when he drew near With kind words and solid, substantial "good cheer." 50 "A dear, good old man," well belov'd ; true respect He won in his day — he was surely "elect." Just a butcher, of course, but he made his trade fine By the honest, kind-hearted and neighborly grace That illumined his deeds and his speech and his face. In the quaint Quaker meetings out there on the hill He presided for years — just a slim "two or three" Attended, at last — everything was so still ! The men sat on one side and lest they should see The women, a board fence was let down between, Long silence — ^more silence — ^no music — no hymn — No remarks — meditation — no tableau — no scene! Just plain Dicky Brotherton sitting up there With his plain Quaker coat and his Quaker broad brim. Till at last this brief word breathes upon the still air — "We must do the right !" — a tap-tap on the floor With his patriarch staff and the meeting is o'er. Those Quakers stuck to it when slavery tried To rule this fair land, when it fain would enthrone Its power o'er our future: Let no man deride The faith of the Quakers. They could not condone This blot on our scutcheon; they clung to this plank — "God made man for freedom; no slave chains must clank In this great land of ours — Do the right ! Do the right ! Heed the still voice of conscience, the true inner light !" Out here on these hills, where God's free breezes blew. Came Whittier's voice to a conscience refined By the breath of God's spirit — the message rang true. It rang through the nation at last, unconfined — "Do the right ! Do the right ! We must do-^we must do — We must do the right !" — ^and the faint whisper grew Till in bloody encounter and death-toll this land, This fair* land of freedom at last took its stand, Led by Abraham Lincoln ! Now all men are free Who are born 'neath our banner, from mountain to sea ! DOVER'S MOTHER CHURCH The history of religion in Dover is not complete without some account of the Mother Church at Rockaway. Rev. Barnabas King came from New England in 1805, according to Dr. Megie's statement. He began preaching at Berkshire Valley. Did the name "Berkshire" come with him from the Berkshire Hills of Connecticut? He was installed pastor at Rockaway in 1808, and died in 1862, in the fifty-fifth year of his pastorate, as noted on his tombstone in Rockaway; He was a gradu- ate of' Williams College, 1803, in the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts. Rev. Joseph S. Tuttle, D.D., in an historical sermon, speaks of him- self as the colleague of Barnabas King from 1847 to 1862. Dr. Tuttle afterward became president of Wabash College, Indiana; but before going West he wrote many historical articles about Morris county. To him we are indebted for the information that George Bowlsby deeded land in Parsippany to "the religious society of people commonly called Presbyterians." This was in 1745. And he dates the birthday of the old church at Rockaway on the second of March, 1758, for then the first subscription paper was starte dthus: "We, the subscribers to do by these mannefest It to be our desier to Joyn (pronounced 'jine') with pasipaney to call and settel a minnester to have the one half of the preachen at posipaney and the other half at rockaway and each part to be eakwel to payen the minnester." A second memorandum states that the "inhabitenc of rockaway pigenhil and other places agesant" (adjacent) met and agreed upon a "suitable place above bemans forg, below the first small brok upon that rode up to Samuel Johnson." Dr. Tuttle explains that the congregation was gathered from the then sparsely settled region which included Denville, Rockaway Valley, Horse Pound, Meriden (a school district). Mount Hope, Denmark, Berkshire Valley, Franklin, Dover (not then known by that name, prob- ably) and the region beyond. This first "meting hous" was raised in 1759, and partly enclosed. Glass, paint and floor boards were bought the next year to finish the house. The founders were assessed to "pay a prespetering minister." The building was not ceiled nor plastered. The people did not wait for their church to be finished and "all decorated up" before they used it. It was said to be ghastly in its incompleteness. In 1780 it was voted "to make a Ladder to go up Galeryes and Lay Down boards on the galery Beams and make seates to set on." And yet nothing was done until 1794. We must remember the distractions and sickness of the Revolu- tionary War. This building continued in use until 1832. In Rockaway they have a pen sketch of this old building, a contemporary of our old Quaker Church and very much like it in design. In 183 1 a new building was started, and this was dedicated in 1832. By this time there were enough people in Dover to think it worth while to organize and form a Dover church, instead of subscribing longer to a Rockaway church. So we find in the records of Rev. Barnabas King that eighteen* members Ivere 52 dismissed in 1835 to form a Dover church. And we find in the Dover records that the Dover church began its life April 23, 1835, with a mem- bership of seven men and seventeen women, whose names are given in Dover History, page 415. Let us conclude this brief sketch with two short ballads, which take us back, in spirit, to Dover's Mother Church of I7fi8-i832. I. AUNT ABIGAIL'S MEETING Aunt Abigail Jackson was very devout. And this is the story that comes down about This old-fashioned saint — 'tis an anecdote quaint, Well attested, it seems, without mythical taint. The Rockaway folks — seventeen tifty-nine — Decided to ask all their neighbors to "Joy*i" (ji^e) And set up a Meeting House handy for all, Above Beman's Forge, near a brook that was small. They called the inhabitants of Rockaway, Pigeon Hill, Horse Pound, Meriden, Denmark, they say, Franklin, Dover and Berkshire and further away,. To meet and consult on a place that would suit. Where a new Meeting House would be sure to take root. It soon was agreed, so with zeal they began To lay the foundations and work out the plan. So eager they were the first meetirigs to hold They began with loose boards laid on beams, we are told. But interest waned, and soon meetings were few. Till one faithful soul started things up anew : Aunt Abigail Jackson was so filled with zeal That she held a grand meeting which made its appeal. What though floors were lacking, no parson in sight. Though side walls and ceiling were in sorry plight, She just sat on a beam and sang hymns ; she could sing Like a bird ; but no bell was yet ready to ring And no organ led off. When the neighbors inquired, "Who all was at meeting?" Aunt Abbie said, "Three — The Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost — ^me; That makes four ! — a good meeting as could be desired !" More came the next time; so folks, in that day, On the beams held their meetings in old Rockaway. si II. GENERAL WINDS OF ROCKAWAY 1776-7 O, have you heard the General pray, Brave General Winds of Rockaway, In the deacons' meetings that they hold, Where patriots meet, both true and bold? 'Twas there I heard him, many a day. Brave General Winds of Rockaway ! In the old, unplastered church they met; No parson was there the text to set: But when the General once began. Loud waxed the voice of that valiant man. Oh, yes, I've heard him many a day. Brave General Winds of Rockaway! In thunder tones he prayed the Lord And fervently His name implored To break the oppressor's yoke and free This land — the home of liberty. The people loved to hear l)im pray. Brave General Winds of Rockaway! And when at Chatham Bridge he stood And faced the foe, they thought it good To take a hint that the General dropped. So they took to their heels and never stopped; For he. could fight as well as pray, Brave General Winds of Rockaway! The first Sunday school in Morris county was started in 181 5 by Mrs. Joseph Jackson (Electa Beach, the Colonel's second wife), who gathered the children together in the old red schoolhouse near the church. Before this date she and Mrs. James Jackson had instructed the children in their own homes. For several years the Mother Church was racked by the music question. Should the hymns be "lined out" or sung without such pre- liminaries? The old-style precentor, David Beman, led the party that stood by the old custom. Young Benjamin Jackson led the younger ele- ment of progressives. A compromise was tried, by which one party should have charge of the morning service and the other party have the afternoon service. Finally, after a long "unpleasantness," the progressives won a permanent victory in 1792, due, perhaps, to the high repute of Benjamin Jackson as a singer. There was no Caruso in those days, but one who could lead the singing in meeting as wonderfully as Benjamin Jackson could do it enjoyed an equally enviable renown in these parts. 54 THE METHODIST CHURCH AT MILLBROOK NOTE : — In a former article we spoke of the Presbyterian Mother Church of Dover. Since then Mr. Alonzo B. Searing has furnished me with his excellent narrative of the Methodist Mother Church of Dover. This was published sixteen years ago. I give it here in somewhat con- densed form, but mostly in Mr. Searing's own words. Mr. Searing has done a fine piece of historical work. The story of these self-reliant and godly people who maintained the influences of the Gospel among these picturesque, sequestered hills is worthy of record. It is a part of Dover's moral environment. This Mother Church now desires to build a parsonage and so provide a dwelling for a resident pastor to carry on the good work of former years among the hills South of Dover. The Methodist Episcopal Church at Millbrook celebrated its sev- enty-third anniversary September 1 6, 1906, having been dedicated July 1st, 1883. This was the first Methodist Church erected in Randolph Township. The committee in charge of the celebration in 1906, con- sisted of William S. Dalrjrmple, Ella Dalrymple, John Pugsley, Charles Palmer, William C. Spargo, William W. Searing and Alonzo B. Sear- ing. The pastor was Rev. S. O. Rusby. Alonzo B. Searing read an historical address of which a synopsis is given herewith. MR. SEARING'S NARRATIVE The germs of Methodism were first planted in Morris County by those sincere and earnest Christians, Philip Embury and Barbara Heck; who emigrated to this country from Ireland, landing in New York on August ID, 1760. Philip Embury was happily converted under the preaching of John Wesley in 1752, and in the year 1766 preached his first sermon in his own house in Park Place, New York, to an audience of five persons, among whom was his devoted friend, Barbara Heck. They then formed a class which increased in membership until it was deemed advisable to erect a chapel in John street, New York, in 1768. In the British army, at that time occupying New York, was Cap- tain Webb, an earnest Christian soldier, who, with Embury, preached several times a week to large numbers of people, many of whom were converted and joined the church. In 1770, two more churches were built, one in Maryland and the other in I'hiladelphia. In 1769, John Wesley, recognized the need of missionaries to aid the infant societies, sent Richard Boardman and Joseph Pilmoor from England to this country. In 1771, he^sent Francis Asbury and Richard Wright, and in 1773, George Shad ford and Thomas Rankin. Philip Embury was the first Methodist class leader and local preacher in Morris County. In June, 1773, the first American con- ference was held in Philadelphia. There were then 1,160 members in the society, 200 being in New Jersey and the remainder in Virginia, Maryland and New York. In 1776, the Methodist of New Jersey num- bered about 400. The growth of the church was somewhat disturbed by the struggle for independence. 55 At the general conference held in Baltimore, December 24, 1784,. Francis Asbury and Thomas Coke were received as bishops. The Methodist Church then had eighty-three preachers and 14,988 members. In 1799 there were about 60,000 members. The first Methodist house of worship in New Jersey was built in 1799 in Greenwich Township, Gloucester County. It was about 5799 that we have the first account of any established place of worship in Randolph Township, this being in a large two-story frame house owned by Sylvanus Lawrence, near the place where Albert DeHart resided for many years, on the road from Center Grove to Succasunna Plains. This ^ouse had formerly been used as a hotel and town meetings had been held there. The society later built a more suitable stone house on the crossroads, near the David Horton mine, to be used as a meeting house and school house, with the name "Lawrenceville" inscribed over the doors. But, as the building was not centrally located, it was not finished for the purpose intended and for several years Methodist meetings were held in a large stone barn near there belonging to Daniel Lawrence. Here, with the horses and cattle in their stalls and the spacious barn floor cleanly swept and rough seats arranged for the comfort of the attending worshippers, those faithful servants of God, Rev. Francis A. Morell, Mr. Morrow and others preached for several years. As a majority of the members lived in Millbrook, the meeting place was finally transferred to this village and services were held in the old schoolhouse, which was built by Calvin Lawrence and formerly stood by the side of the brook at the foot of the hill, near the present (1906) schoolhouse. Rev. Solomon Parsons, when a young man, taught school in the old schoolhouse. "There in the beautiful valley lying below us, with the gentle murmur pf the flovfing waters of the brook as it rippled over the stones and pebbles, the sound of which often came gently steal- ing in the schoolhouse windows, mingling with the voice of prayer and hymns of praise, for several years, the Revs. John Hancock, Alexander Dickerson, Thomas Lovell, Isaac Winner and others labored with marked success." "In 1826, or 1827 the Rev. TIjomas Lovell took up a subscription to build a church in Dover, but for want of interest the project failed and the society at Millbrook increasing, on or about 1831, they resolved to build a church on the beautiful hill overlooking the village in the valley. On the twenty-fifth of April, 1832, Horace S. Cooper and Eunice, his wife, executed a deed by which, for twenty-five dollars, they sold half an acre of ground to Halmah Francisco, James Morrison, Jacob Lawrence, Horace S. Cooper, Robert Parsons, Jr., Elihue Mott and Alexander Dickerson, trustees of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, in the township of Randolph, County of Morris * * * land for the new church. The timber for the frame of the new building was freely donated by different one* living near, and Messrs. John Powers, John Carrell and other kind friends went in the woods and hewed out the. larger timbers, while the smaller pieces and floor boards of oak were sawn out by Sam- uel Searing at his mill and given to th? society. 56 As these timbers were not seasoned, a kiln was built in which to dry them and a man employed to watch the drying process. At that time temperance societies were almost unknown. The watchmaii imbibed too freely of the juice of Jersey apples, neglected his duties, and one Sabbath morning the kiln and its precious timbers were con- sumed by fire. In no wise discouraged, David Lindsley and Simon Sear- ing took their teams and heavy wagons and drove forty miles to Easton,. the nearest lumber yards, bringing back with them suitable timber for immediate use. The building contract was given to James Morrison, for a building 30 X 38 feet in size with a gallery in the west end. The seats were made of plain pine boards. The church was warmed in winter by a wood fire in a large square iron stove. Ground was broken for the foundation of the new church in 1832 and the public generally turned out and raised the frame. Among those present were the late Solomon Dalrymple and John A. Briant, of Rockaway, who used to sing in the choir. A Presidential campaign was then in progress between Andrew Jackson, Democrat, and Henry Clay, the Whig candidate. James Mor- rison, the builder, was an ardent Whig, whilst David Trow'bridge was a Jackson Democrat. As the shades of evening approached, Trowbridge secured a hickory bush and nailed it on top of the gable end, where it was discovered by Morrison in the morning and hastily pulled down. About September the cornerstone was laid and during the fall and winter the church was enclosed, completed, and on July i, 1833, was dedicated to the service of God by the same good man who laid the corner-stone. Rev. D. Kennedy, of Brooklyn, N. Y. That date was made historic in the family of Jacob Searing by the birth of a son, whom he named Martin Van Buren, in honor of the Vice-President. At that time the circuit or conference extended from Whippany to Easton, and quarterly meetings would last two days. Visiting members would lodge over night with friends belonging to the church where the conference was held. Among the First Preachers Among the first preachers here were Rev. Caleb Lippincott and Mr. Vliet. They preached alternately, and were succeeded by Rev. Vincent Shepherd and Rev. James Hudson. About that time Dover was added to flie Rockaway and Millbrook charge. In 1838, Rev. James O. Rogers was appointed to Millbrook and Dover. The people of Dover having long worshipped in a schoolhouse, it was resolved to build a church there, 34 x 44, at a cost of $1,400, without painting. The Dover church was finished and dedicated on December 27, 1838. Rev. James. O. Rogers labored here with much success until 1839. He was succeeded by Rev. James M. Tuttle, who stayed two years. In the one hundredth, anniversary year of Methodism he collected $74 for the centenary com- mittee of the New Jersey Conference. The Methodist custom of changing ministers frequently brought many preachers to this charge. Rev. Rodney Winans came in 1841 ; Rev. William E. Perry in 1842 ; Rev. Michael E. Ellison in 1843, Rev. 57. N. Vansant in 1844; Rev, Joseph E. Dobbins in 1845 ; Rev. W. Burrows in 1846; Rev. Jacob P. Fort in 1848. In 1849, Halmah Francisco bequeathed $1,000 to be placed at inter- est for the support of the minister having charge of the Millbrook and Dover station. In 1850 came Rev. William Williams Christine. In recording mar- riages he made such entries as : "For this I received the large sum of $1." In 1 85 1 came Rev. Edward M. Griffith. In 1852 the church was remod- eled and refurnished, with new seats and two aisles and other improve- ments at a cost.of $435.75. In 1853 came Rev. J. Ogden Winner; in 1854, Rev. Abraham M, Palmer; in 1856, Rev. Garret Van Home. His salary was $500. There were then 115 members and twenty-six probationers in the Millbrook and Dover charge. Rev. Stacy W. Hilliard came in 1858, followed by Rev. John Scarlett, Rev. E. A. Hill, Revs. Martin Herr, John W. Seran, Charles S. Bolt. In 1872 the Millbrook Church was separated from Dover and placed with the Walnut Grove Church (established in 1843). ^^ this charge Rev. Ira Wilson was succeeded by Rev. Daniel Halleron. On June 24, 1874, Messrs. Mahlon D. Coe, John Rodgers, Theodore F. Mott, Martin V. B. Searing and D. S. Morrison were appointed a building committee to repair and enlarge the church by an addition of ten feet in the rear. The work was done by Mahlon D. Coe, at a cost of about $400. The following ministers succeeded to the charge — Revs. J. T. Michael, Henry Bice, E. H. Conklin and Thomas Rawlings. During 1881-3 Millbrook was again placed with the Dover First M. E. Church, in charge of Rev. H. D. Opdyke. A new organ was bought, the cemetery fenced, the church papered and painted, and other improvements made at a cost of $408.50, including labor given. ' In 1884, this charge was placed with Mt. Fern Church, recently built. Here John Melroy preached for one year, succeeded by Henry J. Hayter, who preached at Millbrook, Walnut Grove and Mt. Fern until April i, 1888. After him came F. J. Tomlinson. In 1891, Nelson J. Brown was sent to Millbrook and Walnut Grove, followed by Jacob Tyndall and Andrew J. Henry, the latter from 1896 to 1900. Rev. Merritt C. Reed followed. The church was improved and made more beautiful with a new pulpit and altar railing. Mr. Reed died in 190 1, in the parsonage at Mt. Freedom. (The name Mt. Free- dom was changed to Walnut Grove by the first postmaster there. After- wards th? name was changed back to Mt. Freedom.) After Mr. Reed came Asa C. Covey and Samuel O: Rusby. The beautiful maple trees which surround the church were given by Robert Parsons as a living memorial of himself and wife. He died in 1864. His son. Rev. Solomon Parsons, presented the bell which since 1893 has sounded over the surrounding hills and valleys. "To-day (1906) we would remember our former class leader, John Spargo, whose familiar question, 'How does your soul prosper to-day?' still lingers in our minds. And Jacob Searing, Sr., for many years ^8 the superintendent of this Sabbath School, whose earnest voice in prayer those who heard it will never forget. With loving memory we recall the familiar faces of D. S. Morrison, John Rodgers, Mrs. Mahlon D. Coe, Melinda Gillen and many others. "To my parents I am indebted for a large part of this historical account. My mother, Mrs. Samuel J. Searing, who loved this church and served the Lord for about sixty years, died August i, 1895, in her eighty-fifth year. My father, Samuel J. Searing, who was a faithful attendant at the church services for a large majority of the time since its erection, took an active and loving interest in serving as its sexton until his death, which occurred February 24, 1890, in his eighty-first jear." MILLBROOK We have paid our respects briefly to Rockaway and its religious "dependencies. Let us now turn for a few moments to Millbrook, which, with the Quaker settlement at Randolph, pnce surpassed Dover in com- mercial prosperity and diversity of industries, besides having a meeting house of its own in the old Quaker Church, founded in 1748, built 1758. For a poetical sketch of this village we are indebted to Mr. Theodore F. Mott, of East Orange, whose younger days were spent at Millbrook, the home of his ancestors. The family of De la Motte was of French Huguenot extraction. When religious persecution drove many of the "best families of France from their native land, America profited by the migration to her shores of these most desirable pilgrims, and some of them penetrated the wilds of New Jersey, mingled with the Quakers, and settled on the hills back of Dover. Mr. Mott is now about eighty-three years of age, and feels the "weight of infirmity that comes with years. In this poem he presents to us his affectionate reminiscences of his native village. The village that lie knew has indeed vanished, but Millbrook is still alive, if we may judge from the sixty members of the Sunday school held in the Metho- "dist Church, a building erected in 1833. Sooner or later many of the joung people of Millbrook find their way to the Dover High School. There is said to be more building going on in Millbrook than for twenty-five years back. This may lead to a new prosperity in place of the industrial supremacy that once marked the village by the brook. Mill- brook is already, and may become still more, a residential suburb to Dover's commercial center. Those salubrious hills back there, with an elevation of eight hundred to a thousand feet above sea, are being appreciated once more. The early settlers made no mistake in picking out a good building site when they located the Quaker Church, and the automobile is now making these picturesque hilltops available as never before for rural villas, to rebuild the waste places of "the vanished village." 59 OLD MILLBROOK A Vanished Village A letter from Theodore F. Mott to a far-away friend My dear old friend : — This stormy night I sit alone ; the clock strikes nine. In reminiscent mood I write, As you request, of Auld Lang Syne. Then let us to the Jersey hills On fancy's ever-ready wings, And view the dell, once strewn with mills — Now vanished and forgotten things. "Your memory recalls the dell We knew so well in other days: That picture bid a long farewell; Those scenes no longer meet our gaze. 'Tis true, the valley still is there And opens, as in by-gone days. On meadows green and woodlands fair And grassy fields where cattle graze. The lofty, wooded southern hill Still casts its shadow o'er the dale; The pleasant northern landscape still Descends to meet the lonely vale. The rills still run to meet the brook; The brook still hastens to the river; Yes, Nature wears her old-time look; 'Tis what Man wrought that's gone forever — The men of old who walked its street, Who did their work and said their say. Whose old-time ways no more we greet. Who lived their lives and passed away. The industries our fathers knew. The places where they toiled and spun, Have also vanished like a dew Beneath a risen summer sun. You say decades have come and gone .Since last you saw the dear old spot ; 6o Well, then my pen shall dwell upon Some things nerhaps you've half forgot. Remember you the old-time bridge That spanned the brook from many a hill — The brook that skirts the mountain's edge To reach the pond of the old grist mill ? Remember you the long rope walk, The race, the flume, the big stone mill. The three mill ponds where the frogs would talk When night fell down and the air was still ? Remember you the cooper shop That stood hard by a cottage door. And the giant walnut tree whose top Towered high the shop and cottage o'er ? Remember you the old shoe shop Hard by the pond where three roads meet, And the little old man (whose name we'll drop) Who cobbled shoes for his neighbor's feet? Remember you the old-time forge Whose fires glowed far the darkest night? ('Twas said that in that cave-like gorge They first made iron with anthracite.' All these and many other things That met our vision long ago Have vanished like the curling rings Of smoke when northern breezes blow. The old-time schoolhouse by the brook Stood in a landscape passing fair; We passed that way and pause to look — r There's naught to show 'twas ever there. The old-time sawmill up the stream, Whose buzz we hear din days of yore, Shows here and there a wasting beam. And the ancient wheel goes 'round no more. The old bark mill, whose ponderous beams And gray sides weathered many a. gal Now, save in memory's transient gleams. There's nothing left to tell the tale. 6i Beside this mill no schoolboy dreams That, near a hundred years ago A tan yard lay ! to-day it seems A patch of land where wild things grow. The old-time grist mill, down the dale, Still stands beneath the wooded hill ; The brook goes murmuring down the vale ; The old, deserted wheel stands still. And so from place to place we go As in a dream one wanders 'round ; We seek a home we used to know. And find the spot forsaken ground. So vanish in the shadowy past The old landmarks we used to see, And, though we're living still, at last The same will happen to you and me. "lis true, old friend, our journey's end Is drawing near — almost in sight; Old times are gone ; we journey on Till our day, too, is wrapped in night. The clock strikes twelve. The storm has passed; The stars and full-orbed moon now shine, And o'er our vale their soft light cast As in the days of Auld Lang Syne. Mourn not of vanished things as strange; The wide, wide world is like our dell; If men progress, there must be change; And now, old friend, good night, farewell! P. S.— When next I write, I'll try to tell What old tradition says befell, Before our time, the busy dell. Again, good night, and fare thee well ! East Orange, N. J., July 26, 191 5. 62 THE IRON ERA: "POETIC" The Iron Era was founded in 1870, as we read on the face of its successor, The Advance. It was truly an era in town history to have a. newspaper and one with such an editor as John S. Gibson. Benjamin. Vogt was first editor and proprietor. To give an adequate sketch of The Era in all its functions is beyond my present purpose and ability. Others could do it better. But I am prepared to say something about one of its features that may be regarded as of least importance, namely, the little space that bore the heading, "Poetic." Under this title — and it was no misnomer — ^appeared a number of short poems signed "Felix Danton." There was no one in Dover by that name, and readers of the history of the French Revolution saw in it a nom-de-plume, for the writer of such poems as "The Old Quaker Church at Millbrook," "Dover in 1879" and "An Echo from the Mine"' was evidently interested in Dover. Considerable curiosity was aroused in the "iron town" to know who could be extracting poetry from its furnaces and smokestacks. One and another were charged with being "the guilty party," and the accusation was finally directed against a young man, a carpenter by trade, one who from boyhood had worked in the iron mills, well acquainted with hard labor. To him the question was- put, plump : "Are you Felix Danton ?" Not being skilled in the arts of evasion, such as the author of the Waverley Novels employed, he could not escape the imputation. It leaked out that the writer of those poems, printed in the local paper, was Uzal Newton Crane, of Crane Hill, and he was pestered not a little by the remarks that followed this discovery. Being a modest and sensitive soiil (as all young poets should be), he reaped quite a harvest of misery (as many others have done) from this apparently capital offense. Mr. Gibson, the editor, encouraged the village bard to keep on writ- ing, and thus a small collection of verse was published in "The Poet's Corner" of The Era. I, as local historian and gleaner of Dover verse, have come into possession of a baker's dozen of these poems, and con- sider them worthy of the term, "poetic." Mr. Crane's immediate ancestors had come up from Springfield, near Newark. No doubt they were a part of that great clan descended from the Newark Cranes, a clan that soon spread over the adjacent parts of New Jersey, being found in Elizabeth, Bloomfield, Caldwell, and at Montclair when it was known as "Crane's Farms." They now number thousands, and are scattered far. The "Crane Book" is a bulky volume, and reaches back into European history. But the poet of Crane Hill, at Dover, knew nothing about such genealogical lore. As a little boy he attended the district school at Center Grove, and was a pupil of Miss Carrie A. Breese, the sister of Miss. Harriet Breese. Their father kept a store where the Richards store now stands in Dover. Miss Carrie Breese was a poet. Her pastor. Rev. Dr. Halloway, collected and published a volume of her poems. In brief, the little schoolhouse at Center Grove is hereby credited with having 65 on its roll of fame one teacher who was a poet and one pupil who became one. The course of study at Center Grove was limited in extent, but good as far as it went, judging from results. Dover High School still draws recruits from this retired seat of the muse POEMS OF UZAL NEWTON CRANi. First Published in The Iron Era DOVER January 17, 1879 "The gray barns, looking from" our "hazy hills" Stand "blind and blackening" in the bitter gales ;. They send no greeting to our silent mills, "On the dull thunder of alternate flails." Our city, soon, like Auburn, to become A sad, "deserted village" of the plain. Lulled by the echoes of departed hum. Spreads her dark mantle for repose again. No more sweet music from her mills arise. Where rolls the sullen Rockaway to sea ; O'er once bright waters swings a "bridge of sighs," As dark as old Venetian dungeons be. Spurning the frozen fetters on its breast. It leaves the icy arches far behind, And leaves our city in her gloomy rest To dream of greatness that she will not find. Oh! must she longer in her languor lie. Her strong arms from all enterprise kept chained ? "Awake, St. John!" and Dover will not die; She yet may be a "Paradise Regained !" At the time this was written the rolling mills were shut down, and other industries of the present (1921) were unknown. AN ECHO FROM THE MINE Ye wise and good men, ye who stand By old Potomac's side, In the high councils of a land That millions claim with pride, Let not the subtle words that s\n^eep Like sirens' voices o'er the deep. Enslave our hands, by toil made brown. Nor throw our labor's rampart down. :64 The banner of bright stripes and stars From sea to sea that waves Was not defended in the wars To be the flag of slaves. Let Europe's bondman, seeking yet A home where those stars never set, Lose here his fetters and his frown; Oh, take not labor's rampart down ! The flames of furnace, forge and mills That night's low clouds enfold Are fair as those on Persian hills Which virgins fed of old. So deems the f reeborn son of toil Who turns him homeward with a smile. And feels prosperity his crown; Oh, take not labor's rampart down ! THE DAWN OF BETTER TIMES- Behold the dawn that breaks upon Our fair and favored shore ! O'er land and sea prosperity Comes smiling back once more. A rosy ray illumes to-day Our long dark-clouded climes; The night is spent, the Orient Is bright with better times. Oh, welcome light that drives the night Of dull depression by ! Her dragon wing no more shall fling A shadow on our sky. To cheer the earth a song goes forth As sweet as silver chimes ; It is a song unsung so long — • The hum of better times. The furnace blast' sends up at last A shower of fiery spray; The hammers ring, for iron is king, And Vulcan's clans are gay. The farmer toils — the grocer smiles, Delighted with his dimes. For he is blest beyond the rest Through all the better times. 65 REMEMBRANCE We bring new garlands for his bed In all the beauty of their bloom ; With love that will not fade we spread Our sweetest tokens on his tomb, More than a hero sleepeth here Under the shading cypress green, Whose dauntless deeds have made him dear Beyond all heroes ever seen. No shining chaplet for his brow Can charm him from his glory sleep; Nor words of praise awake him now, Though loud and like the thunder deep. With love, far-reaching as the sky We deck the soldier's bed with flowers ; He bravely bought us victory And made its glad fruition ours. Henceforth we can but emulate His noble deeds, should war betide. Our Union to perpetuate And the dear flag for which he died. A DOVER-TO-MINE HILL RAMBLE One Sunday afternoon I strolled out to see where John Jackson had located his forge. In imagination I traced his pioneer trail along the brook that flows through Hurd Park and saw the log cabin that he built near the spring of water on the north side of the park. Then I went on to the probable site of the forge, near Singleton's Silk Mill. I was picking my way over the brook and exploring the old roadway when I met a fellow citizen of Dover, who was also out for a stroll. He seemed to be treading familiar ground, for he leaped nimbly over the water-courses and threaded his way through the bogs, never at a loss which way to turn next. I told him of my interest in the old landmarks, and he promptly entered into the spirit of my quest and volunteered to he my guide for further research. He became the leader and I the fol- lower. We visited the Catholic cemetery, and here we met the priest of St. Mary's Church. We followed the old trail west of Granny's Brook leading to the Dickerson Mine, and noted the houses now accessible by automobile where once had been a bridle path through the wilderness. Beyond Indian Falls we scrambled through the woods in search of the 66 hermit's hut, and finally discovered the stone walls of the cellar and storeroom and the fallen chimney stones and the byre for the cow. The clearing through which we passed to reach the hut gave evidence of former plowed fields and a garden spot belonging to this retired forest home, last occupied by Elias Millen in hermit solitude. When George Jenkins and Pearce Rogers were boys they once were roaming in these woods with other boys, and the hermit invited them to enter his cramped dwelling. He asked them if they could eat any buckwheat cakes hot from the briddle. They expressed a readiness, so he cooked flapjacks for them as long as they could stow them away, adding to the menu from his store of hickory nuts. I was much impressed with the wild beauty and romantic surroundings of the hermit's hut, and felt a secret longing to restore the hermitage. I took note of the approach on the south side, where a grapevine ran wild among the branches of a tree in the line of a stone fence. Did the hermit cultivate grapes? There were signs of apple trees here and there — now wild and forlorn. From this point we came out into an open pasture lot not far from Mt. Fern Church, and made our way along through open fields until, somehow or other, we found ourselves jumping this way and that, like a pair of frogs, through a big boggy pasture that sloped down to a stream and a road that led past an old reservoir from which water once descended to turn a wheel on Granny's Brook, and the wheel turned an iron rod, if I remember, which was so designed that it could pump water from a mine, if I am not mistaken. And if you grasped this iron rod with your bare hand on a frosty morning you would have hard work to tear yourself loose from it, as some boy once discovered to his cost, learning a lesson in physics. We next traveled along a road that led to Tom Johnson's old home, or the hole in the ground that used to be the cellar. Oh, yes, my com- panion was Thomas F. Johnson, the monument man, who had led me through bog and briar bush to the place where he was "once a little lad," years ago. But on the way — and I have not described our course with the precision of a mariner — ^he had told me about the days when he used to trudge to school through the woodland paths that he had traversed, still dear to his heart through old associations. And so I got an intimate view of the life once lived out there in those rugged fastnesses where the hermit, like the prophet Elisha at Cherith, once drank from the brook (the brook is tiiere yet). As we turned toward Mine Hill Church, somewhere out there we came to a corner where a great iron ring was suspended. In case of fire this was struck by an iron hammer, thus giving the alarm in earlier days or even yet. And now we stumbled upon the modem world again as we reached the vicinity of the old Hartshorn Fitz Randolph mansion, destroyed by fire in 1876, 4th of July. Hartshorn Fitz Randolph was the Quaker who in 1753 bought John Jackson's tract of 527 acres. What a tale we might unfold here about the old Quaker! But the modem world revealed itself at this point in the form of an automobile pertain- 67 ing to a party of Mine Hill prospectors for church subscriptions, and almost before we were aware, we were gliding homeward smoothly and swiftly in William Bassett's up-to-date car, thus reaching Dover in good season for supper, after our historical ramble. Not long after I found the following verses among my papers, relat- ing to the life at Mine Hill sixty years ago. I think Tom Johnson must have slipped them into my overcoat pocket when I was not looking. THE LIFE AT MINE HILL (About i860) i Simple the life they lived — barefooted boys in the morning Trudged to school through the woods, or broke the ice with a heel-tap. Springtime brought the birds ; a pheasant's nest by the wayside, Hidden among the leaves, was not overlooked by the schoolboy. Jackson's Brook had its trout; arbutus bloomed in profusion. Hemlocks filled the glen; and the brook was swelled by the waters Pumped from the Millen Mine when times were good and the forges Called for iron ore and the miner's hands were kept busy. Those were the days of thrift, plain fare and plenty ; each household Kept its cow in the big boggy pasture ; the children at evening Had great bowls of milk — reward for bringing the cows home. When the panic came and times grew hard you could scarcely Find a stick of wood on the forest floor ; all were gathered. Tied in faggots and brought by the children home for the winter. One slight lad or lass would carry a hundredweight, staggering Under the load through the woodland paths, to replenish the woodpile, Bassett came, and the cows that once were kept by each household Now gave way to a herd of western cattle; the milkman Called at each door betimes, and his bell, with its insistent clangor. Summoned the housewife, where once she heard a musical tinkle Telling of one home-coming cow with udder full for the milking. ON POETRY Dear Readers : I have invited several persons to co-operate with me in keeping up this column, but at the present moment I am without an article for the next issue of THE INDEX. However, I can always fill a column with poetry, if all else fails. (Call it verse if you prefer.) I can assure you that some serious matters are receiving attention ; but now let us turn to poetry. In the first place I should be pleased to know whether you regard poetry as a serious matter or not. For my part, I am and always have been a lover of Mother Goose. I have a large edition of Mother Goose containing all varieties of nonsense verses, many of them traced back for centuries by students of folklore. There is something about these rhymes and jingles and their non-chalant style of wit and humor and 68 sheer nonsense that is quite refreshing to the mind after reading Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War. I feel that Mother Goose is full of poetry and tluit Caesar's Commentaries are not. If Caesar had written the Commentaries in poetry perhaps there would have been fewer Gauls slaughtered and fewer sold into slavery. He might have "had a heart" or might have charmed the enemy into willing submission by means of the gentle art. Many of us had the pleasure last week of hearing our distinguished neighbor, Hudson Maxim of Lake Hopatcong, deliver a lecture on poetry, saying that real poetry is suffused with emotion and possesses a transcendent quality which lifts it above the regions of common sense and mathematics into the realms of figurative and imaginative speech to such a degree that, if judged by mere common sense, it would appear to be sheer nonsense. Whether it was his intention to include Mother Goose rhymes under this definition of poetry, I am not so sure. From one point of view it would seem that nonsense is not always poetry, and from another point of view we are told that real poetry is always non- sense. Paul speaks of "the foolishness of preaching," and Mr. Maxim declares in effect that there is likewise a "foolishness of poetry." Quite right. He hit the nail on the head and yet he had no hammer and nails on the stage. I have often tried to get my friends to tell me whether I wrote poetry or verse, but critics are inadequate to the task. Some have said frankly that my verse was prose, but very good prose. One should not take offense at sincere and kindly criticism. Malicious and spiteful remarks are apt to wound the feelings of sensitive persons, but that is another matter. We can all welcome the search for truth. And this topic is now receiving wide-spread attention. I acknowledge that I do often write verse, slightly removed from prose, and then again a little more removed, and I have felt like testing the critics quite as Mr. Maxim did by his shrewd device, but on a different line. So many higher critics are ready to assure us just which play Shakespeare wrote first and which last, which epistle Paul wrote first and which last, that I wonder if they could pronounce judgment with equal infallibility upon my writings. In my case I have dated all my manuscripts, so that my heirs may be able to check up the critics in their conclusions. The critics would have been spared much worriment if Shakespeare had been equally thoughtful. But I must not pursue this discussion too far or as far as half a century of research would enable me to do, with quotations from the Greek, the Latin, the Germans, French, modern English and Old Eng- lish, and dialects thrown in. This column is dedicated to "Dover Dates." Let me add a few poems written by Dover poets and see if anyone can tell whether these specimens are verse or poetry and who wrote them and whether written early in life or at the end or middle of a career. Inci- dentally they illustrate the history and the poetic art of Dover, and Valentine's Day is coming. 69 PROSE AND POETRY Call it music, call it magic, Call it what you may ; Be the story grim and tragic, Be it blithe and gay; When the poet tells it, somehow, Words will dance along: "Ho !" they seem to carol, "Come now ! Listen to our song!" More than plodding words, they tingle Now with tune and time, As they cunningly commingle Sound and sense and rhyme. Prose may trudge through shine or vapor To the journey's end ; But the poet cuts a caper, Makes the world his friend. Is it cadence, rhyme or meter — Fancy's imag'ry? Something makes a music sweeter — Swaying melody ! Miracle of art, transcending Common sense; sublime, Inspiration mounts, ascending Heights prose cannot climb. TO MY MOTHER My Mother, I've been wont to dream An hour away, of some fair stream, Or tranquil sea — Of flowery fields, with the soft gleam Of stars on me: To-night I have a dearer theme — It is of thee! Thou hast been here as though alone, While I so far from thee have flown On Fancy's wing ! But not forgotten. Mother dear, Thou art the first whom I revere. While wandering. I'll stay to-night, thy heart to cheer, And tribute bring. 70 I have no jewels nor broad lands, No gold to bring thy aged hands, Nor laces fine. Had I the gem's of Afric's sands, They should be thine. I bring my heart and love's warm smile, And faithful hands to help thee while Thy days der.line. A SONG OF DOVER O DOVER dear, thou art our light. Our hope for future days. And here within thy tranquil heart We'll always chant thy praise. To thee we dedicate our lives, O town of true delight. To seek the day and shun the dark By justice, peace, and right. Long may'st thou live, O Dover, fair With vale and verdant hill ; Thy charms, thy moods, thy rustic scenes. Our hearts with rapture thrill Time's fleeting hours we'll ever use To make a heaven on earth And cherish, thought we far may roam, Thy name of noble worth. So on through life, O Dover dear, Thou'U still remembered be. And Time shall but more closely bind Our heart of hearts to thee. No storm shall turn thee from thy course Where dauntless virtue leads. For we shall e'er be by thy side With good and noble deeds. DAVIE FIlvjKEL , There's a lad named Davie Finkel And his eyes are all a-twinkle, As he joins the lads and lassies from Mt. l<'reedom far away. When they ride to school each morning, Eager for the bright adorning That the Dover High bestows upon its pupils blithe and gay. 71 While the stars are still a-twinkle, He must rise, this Davie Finkel, Feed the cattle and the chickens — snatch a bite for Davie, too ; Then get ready for a sleighride, For a jingling, tingling gay ride ■ In the carry-all for Dover with its merry-hearted crew. You can hear the cowbells tinkle, As you ride with Davie Finkel Past the pastures and the meadows in the merry month of May. And the lads and lassies merry Vie with bloom of peach and cherry, As they breathe the spicy fragrance of the orchards by the way. Yes, when April showers sprinkle Fields and flowers, Davie Finkel Loves to hail the curtained coach that comes to carry him to town ; And he smiles his smile so cheery. Spite of breezes bleak and dreary. When the winter suns so early with the mercury go down. Who can say what Davie Finkel, With those snappy eyes a-twinkle, May become when time has added magic of the passing years ; Be he business man or farmer. He must buckle on his armor And sturdily stand for the right, triumphant over fears. And when time has added wrinkles To his brow, some little Finkels May be calling him "Dear Grandpa !" as they climb upon his knee. Oh, we never know what's coming. While the wheels of time are humming And the years go rolling, rolling, rolling over you and me ! FORD'S POND In our town on a warm Spring day The children, busy with their play. Flock to their favorite playmate fond. Dearest of all— BILLY FORD'S POND. BILLY FUKU knows many a game — You may have heard of his wondrous fame — "Robinson Crusoe," "Digging for Pearls," Sailing rafts to terrify girls. 72 Fishing and swimming are the games BILL can play. And even others on a cold winter day ; Then grown folks with hockey club vigorously skate And worship old BILL for a winter playmate. But in the summertime, sad to behold, Poor old BILL'S fate is sad to be told ; For then his vacation he takes for months always, And drains far away till the colder days. The reason is, BILL'S constitution so light Simply can't stand the mosquitoes' keen bite; But we hope sincerely that the town will endeavor To keep poor old BILL in their memory forever. TO MY MUSE My heart delights in freedom most When fettered close to thee ; For then it can an Eden boast Of true felicity. Then from my mind the shackles fall Of irksome, dull constraint; Then voices from my kingdom call And banish sad complaint. Then I can be myself, can feel Myself a living soul; Then Love's sweet magic doth reveal The joy that makes life whole. 73 FROM MY PORCH (An Address to the Port Oram Social and Literary Club, delivered July 31, 1919, by Charles D. Piatt.) From my perch on my porch, as I lift up my eyes To the hills in the North, two great chimney stacks rise; Above the horizon line darkly they show While a huge slag-heap gray stretches out just below; S And off to the westward, half-hid 'mid the trees. Is the village of WHARTON, as snug as you please; Not a summer resort, but some good folks live there Who know how to husband their earnings with care — Hardvrorking, intelligent; that's where you'll find 10 THE PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LIT'RARY CLUB : There they meet every Thursday to tune up the mind. Get their thoughts off of shop and their hands from the tub. There their wise men and women discuss and debate The welfare of nations, grave problems of state, 15 And how this old Universe ought to be run — Yes, all that is, has been, or yet shall be done, They study and ponder, with searching of hearts — The arts, science,, statecraft, the poets, the marts. Believe me, good friends, I'm propounding no joke. 20 Those chimney stacks, crowned with a halo of smoke, Mark the great WHARTON FURNACE, where tons upon tons Of iron are extracted from ore — see! it runs White-hot into molds; hear the solid bars clink, In the night, as they fall into cars; and then think, 25 As you watch the hot metal from huge cauldrons pour. How those same little pigs helped to win the great war; How skyscrapers, tunnels, plows, dreadnoughts, airplanes. And hammers and hatchets and jackknives and nails Are born from iron ore by the help of man's brains 30 And the hands, hard and grimy, that tote dinner pails. At night all the sky is lit up by the glare. The flare and the glare of the dumpheap up there. When the slag, glowing hot, is thrown out: years ago, I wondered, in Morristown, seeing that glow, 35 At the outburst of glory, so sudden, so bright. That flares up and quivers and shivers and thrills From WHARTON, way back in the North Jersey hills. — Even so the bright gleam of this CLUB that meets here Shines forth like a beacon of hope, far and near. 40 A pillar of cloud from these smokestacks by day Rises up to the sky and anon drifts away; And a pillar of fire from the slagheap at night Starts me up out of bed to behold the weird sight. So we people in DOVER see there in the North 74 45 The portents of work and of wages gleam forth ; Bright days of Prosperity ride on the cloud That darkens the landscape, but brings in the crowd, Till our trolleys are thronged and our merchants rejoice And fill up their shops with all merchandise choice : 50 Keen for the NEW ERA, with far-reaching eye, In vision they see it from WHARTON draw nigh. Such visions I see from my house on the hill. In DOVER, as, scanning the landscape, I muse On the map spread before me — ^the iron mine, the mill, 55 The factory, shop, store — I cannot refuse My blessing upon them — the schoolhouse, the church. The homes of the people; through all these I search. Is this fairyland here? — and you answer — "No, no!" But a scene full of meaning I see spread below. 60 These homes swarm with children, young lives spring up here. And fill the whole landscape with hope and witik cheer. Like ore from the mines, precious ore, soon to be Transformed into .men, women, happy and free; • Into workmen, workwomen, and fathers and mothers, 65 Into storekeepers, teachers and preachers and others. All made from this ore that comes out of the homes That you see from my porch as your eye widely roams. And tiiere in the offing lies WHARTON, you know. And the PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LIT'RARY CLUB That meets in the schoolhouse — 'tis there I must go, 70 Getting out of my own philosophical tub. And talk about POETRY, POETRY, PO— Yes, POETRY, under the shadow, almost. Of those stark, sooty stacks that seem built up to roas' The stars in the heavens. Now what can they know 75 Of POETRY, over in WHARTON ?— Hello ! A program! Let's see! 'Tis their twenty-third year; Organized, '96; wonder how I will fit In with all this exhibit of culture? — See here! A pure feast of reason, a menu of wit 80 And wisdom is temptingly served a la Mill ; And current events have their place, as you will. (These people are adepts; this looks like high art!) Peace Treaty discussion by Ely, Rosevear; (These men are old stagers and critics, I fear.) 85 Art Lecture by Miiller, Hopatcong — ^yes, yes! (The father of two of my pupils, I guess.) (This dish Mrs. Ely of DOVER prepared: Ah, so ! woman's wit in this orgy has shared !) The World War, its lessons, by Beams, Elmer E., 90 And Smith, Ryan, Williams (my schoolboys I see Among these old heads). Why, this looks rather nice! 75 A Scotch night with Hunter — ^the chef, Dr. Kice; IDebate, Bolshevism — Hart, Spargo & Co. (Surely these are the names of good people I know.) The Philippines— ladies' night— Totten and Ely '95 (The women are getting intelligent — really!) The POETS — ^Walt Whitman, Lanier — ^here the preacher Is paired off with Beeman — the preacher and teacher: While Labor and Capital call for debate By Dor f man and Williams (they're right up-to-date). lOO American Music by Mrs. Duquette, Arranged a la Totten (Art, music — what next!) Then P'oland and Slavic Republics, Serbs, Greeks, The Balkans, by Roseyear and Honeychurch, Fred. (With great fear and trembling these measures I treads !ios Like a Will o' the Wisp flitting 'round mountain peaks), fOuld Oireland by Ryan, A. M. (That's our "Andy." There's no one in WHARTON with blarney so handy!) And China, Japan — how related — dear me! TIG I never can measure my wits with those three. With Rosevear, and Honeychurch, Ryan — that's Andy, And C. Stanley Smith from Pahree, the Jim Dandy! My Muse is not growing too giddy, I trust. As she zig-zags about in this presence august; at 1 5 But now she must look for a landing and try To come down to earth as she drops from the sky. We've made a wide survey — how fast the sands run And we all want to hear from our friend Robinson. (They say that he knows all our poets; was raised '120 Right where they grew up — all the Muses be praised ! But this time I'll stump him : he never has heard This poem I've read you to-night — mark my word!) THE PORT ORAM SOCIAL AMD LITERARY CLUB The Port Oram Social and Literary Club, founded by citizens of Wharton, formerly Port Oram, meets regularly every week in the schoolhouse at Wharton. While our neighbors may rightly claim the honor of originating and maintaining this unique institution, we of Dover, yielding to kindly persuasion and invitation, find ourselves mak- ing occasional visits, appearing as guests on "festal nights," and even !becoming regular members of the P. O. S. and L. C. And we observe, too, that members from Wharton come to Dover to shop or to earn their livelihood; so we may fairly claim that the progress and prosperity of this lyceum calls for recognition in our "Dover Dates." The institution is part of our environment, and we are 76 part of its environment. You all know how much emphasis is placed upon "environment" by recent science. And the fact of our -interdepend- ence was clearly shown on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the club. In giving brief sketches of Dover's environment we cannot do better than select this club to represent Wharton, a neighbor with whom we have been intimately associated in industrial enterprise, in trade, in edu- cation and social life. The following verses, written at the request of the P. O. S. and L. C. give some inkling of the scope and aims of that society. TO THE PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LITERARY CLUB, ON THEIR TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY DECEMBER 29, 1921 You ask me to write, as if asking were all That is needed to bring forth a poem ; one Paul Wrote letters, in prose, to commend or to warn ; Words weighty with wisdom in such guise were born : One Horace, in verse his shrewd sentiments penned, Invoking the Muse due assistance to lend That truth might with suavity graciously blend And charm while it healed ; but my task is less stern ; No reproof is my theme ; as your guest may I learn On this glad festal date what attractions unite Such various minds and vocations to-night. What holds you together in brotherhood kindly Through storms of debate and discussion? Not blindly For twenty-five years have you triumphed, been humbled. While o'er the world's problems you've vaulted and tumbled ; No, some inspiration of wisdom must guide you; I hear of no heartburns that vex and divide you. You strive in sham battles and thus learn the art Of striving, while brotherly love rules the heart You cherish the Muses, you fence off a space Where mind grapples mind, where man sharpens man's face ; Where knowledge grows gracious and sparkles serene In the light of good fellowship — friendship your queen ! You circle and soar in the vast empyrean Of "whate'er is lovely" — a jaunt Cyclopean! You keep, 'mid life's turmoil, an hour set apart For things of the spirit, for joys of the heart; For "communion of saints" you put "converse of friends," A cordial that many of life's ailments mends.. While not of your number who meet every week, I hear that you have a most sociable clique. Your latchstring is out, as I read on your card, ' And you chant the refrain of a popular bard : "Why don't you come over and play in our yard? We'll make you right welcome — no dragon on guard !" 77 And so you draw in, to your playground of reason, The parson, the doctor, and call it no treason To gather all parties — religious, political — Beneath your one tent — a commixture oft critical. One secret of yours I've discovered ; you find A vent for the fads that oft weigh on the mind. "Out with it !" you cry ; "tell your story ! Express The innermost thoughts of your true inwardness ! The birth-pangs of genius oft cause sad distress When no fit occasion is found to express The heart's fond desire or its shy, secret leaning To something that gives this dull life a real meaning. A fancy, a bee in the bonnet, a hobby Demands some seance where one gets hob-a-nobby. True, business is business, and has the first claim. But shop is not all of life's various game. Suppressed and restricted forever, one pines Por moments when pleasure with duty combines. Even saints may default, if they never give way To the God-given impulse that cheers work with play. Like the boy on an errand, who trundles a hoop, Forgetting to grumble — ^play's light-hearted dupe. So gladness enlivens this dark vale of tears When mind finds its fellow, and fellowship cheers.' Yes, such is the argument that you present To coax the wayfarer to enter your tent. The banker, the merchant, the teacher, all meet On terms of equality, each glad to greet His neighbor and learn how to speak out in meeting. Stand up, face the folks, do his bit, take a beating — If need be — in argument; gain savoir faire, An art that is useful in life everywhere. You canvass great questions, deep problems you probe ; In fancy you travel all over the globe ; You love wit and humor, new books you review ; In science you delve to learn how the world grew. On labor and capital topics you shed The light of your wisdom, without seeing red. You scan the horizon for signs of that age When Mars and his minions no longer shall rage. You reach for the moon — for art, music and learning ; Infinity baffles, conceit yields to yearning. But where am I wandering, chasing my rhyme. As the boy does his hoop, and forgetting the time ! I'm dazzled, perchance,< by the welcoming light 78 That beams from each face on this rare festal nigfht.. But now, lest I wander too far and too long, Let me here make an end of my gad-about song. May the spirit of fellowship, letters and learning Abide with you ever, fulfill all your yearning ! December, 192 1. SCENES FROM HURDTOWN LEFEVRE— ARTI ST A dark, damp day and dark, drear thoughts — Do you ever feel that way? But the mind may choose its own weather, it may,. And defy these Juggernauts. So I search the sky of the realms where 1 Resort when I rise above Life's petty care with its stifling air And think of the things I love. A schoolboy's name let me now acclaim, A Dover schoolboy, he; Let me touch in rhyme one who, for a time, Went to school to "Miss Magie." For Miss Magie was a power when she Taught school in days gone by ; I can't say more, right here, friends, for I must stick to my text — that's why. My text is a lad whose heart was glad When he roamed the wildwood free; •And this Jersey boy found hope and joy In the things that he could see. In the stony field he could see revealed A beauty passing fair ; And our rugged hills with their rippling rills Were enough to banish care. He felt the call to harvest all This beauty everywhere ; So he sketched and etched what his fancy fetched From scenes where all seemed bare. 79 His own heart chose — not the lovely rose, But the barnyard and the field, The rustic bridge and the stony ridge And the cowpond fast congealed. "A Windy Day," and the sheep astray. Or the cows in the pasture lot ; Or the old ox-team caught his fancy's gleam, Or a lowly rural cot But to Madame Cow he made his bow, His very best bow, indeed ; He found more cheer in her eye sincere Than some folks find in their creed. "Drivmg Home the Cows," and Cows, Cows, Cows ! "At the Pond," "Eating Apples"— Oh ! He portrayed cows with their gnarly brows In clover and in snow. He schooled his heart to learn high art By finding close at hand Some glint of the gleam that makes Earth seem — Right here — a Holy Land. DOVER AND THE GREATER NEW YORK Once a remote mining Tiamlet on the frontier, Dover now finds itself within the rim of that expanding commercial wheel of which New York City is the hub. From the New York papers of May, 1922, we learn that a far-reaching scheme for bettering New York and environs is being promoted by the Russell Sage Foundation. The intention is to guide the future construction engineering works of this densely popu- lated area included within a radius of fifty miles of the metropolis. Dover is well within this circle, being thirty miles west of the upper end of Manhattan Island. This fifty-mile circuit is said to contain 9,000,000 persons now, with the prospect of having 16,000,000 in the next twenty-five years. The people within this area constitute one of the world's greatest markets, having a large per capita purchasing power distributed over a vast variety of products. Four surveys planned: I. Economic and industrial. Fundamental reasons for the exist- ence of this great center. 8o 2. Physical. Mapping out all natural and constructed features. 3. Legal. Three states are involved. Shore rights, under-water rights, city maps. 4. Social and living conditions, housing and home conditions. By comprehensive planning it is hoped to avoid much of the waste that results from haphazard development. It is evident that Dover will become an active partner in this huge metropolitan corporation, contributing to the progressive result as well as receiving many advantages from her relation to this great cosmopoli- tan community of our Atlantic seaboard. DOVER AND PENNSYLVANIA Dover, from early times, touched the hem of William Penn's gar- ment, if we may so allude to his "returns" of land. And many people have come to Dover from Pennsylvania or Pennsylwania, as some pro- nounce it. There has been more or less of a flow of migration and visi- tation back and forth, assisted by highways, the canal, and our two railroads. (Some of our people, too, are conversant with Pennsylvania Dutch.) New industrial possibilities of this connection have been recently pointed out in the public press and in circulars of investment issued by the New Jersey Power and Light Company. Electric power may be brought, in time, from the great rivers and coal fields of Pennsylvania, they tell us, to be applied to railroads and industries. Such are the projects entertained by the Super-power Trunk Line. We gather from "The Newark News," of May 17, 1922, that the New Jersey Power and Light Company, together with the Metropolitan and Pennsylvania Edison Companies are subsidiaries of the General Gas and Electric Company under the management of the W. S. Barstow Management Association of New York. It is proposed to build a dam across the Delaware river below Eas- ton in the near future and construct an electric plant capable of generat- ing 200,000 kilowatt. Our Dover plant has a capacity of 7,000 kilowatt. It can be reinforced when necessary. Another high power plant is planned for York Haven on the Sus- quehanna, to be connected with Reading and Easton. The puffing and panting of the locomotive may cease to resound through our narrow valley. Dover is a distributing center of this new industrial force in Northern New Jersey. Our great industrials are already operating by electricity. Consider, then, Dover's strategic position: on the one hand the influx of power from Pennsylvania, equal to our future industrial demands; and on the other hand the great purchasing market of the Greater New York, not to mention the world-wide outlets of Port Newark and New York Harbor, so near at hand. PART III Municipal and Civic Institutions ?.:•' :. ■■■ ■ ^ '83 1922 MANUAL OF THE TOWN OF DOVER Morris County, New Jersey (Incorporated, April r, 1869) CENSUS 1900 National 5,938 1910 National 7,468' 1915 State 8,971 1920 National 9,817 MUNICIPAL BOARD Mayop Hon. William H. Hosking. . ; • Jan., 1924 Aldermen First Ward — Etta C. Searing Jan., 1923 Arling M. MacFall Jan., 1924 Second , Ward — James T. Kerr Jan-, 1923 J. Willard Farrow Jan., 1924 Third Ward — Floyd S. Carling Jan., 1923 Ralph B. Dunham Jan., 1924 Fourth Ward — Samuel H. Francis Jan., 1923 Simon C. Hume. Jan., 1924 Meets every second Monday — 8 p. m, STANDING COMMITTEES Finance Farrow Searing MacFall Streets and Highways Hume Kerr Dunham Insurance, Printing and Elections Carling Dunham Francis Fire Department and Street Lighting Kerr Carling Searing Police Department Dunham Farrow Hume Officers and Salaries MacFall Hume Francis Licenses Searing Carling Kerr Ordinances Francis Farrow MacFall District Taxes (Advisory; Mayor arid Board of Aldermen 84 : • OFFICERS Clerk Jos. V. Baker Jan., 1925 Chas. A. Gillen, Deputy Treasurer John Moller Jan., 1925 Assessor of Taxes Leonard Elliott July, 1925 Collector of Taxes Richard L. Maloney Jan., 1925 Town Attorney Charles S. Cooper Jan., 1923 Town Surveyor Raymond Sharp ♦ Jan., 1923 Street Commissioner Charles A. Nelson Jan., 1924 Building Inspector Charles A. Nelson Jan., 1923 Police Justice William Gardner .Jan., 1924 Overseer of the Poor William Gardner Jan., 1927 Police Surgeon Augustus L. L. Baker, M.D Jan., 1923 Keeper Public Pound William J. Parker Jan., 1923 Keeper Municipal Building L. Briant Hedden Jan., 1923 Auditor of Accounts Floyd M. Diehl July, 1922 Child Hygiene Nurse Mrs. Mabel E. French Jan., 1922 DEPARTMENT OF POLICE Charles U. Counterman Chief John W. Hart Lieutenant John T. Gallagher iSergeant Motorcycle Police Harry C. Fine George Youmans Patrolmen James T. Hart Walter D. Bums DEPARTMENT OF FIRE Engineers Geo. B. Carhart, Chief Manchus H. Hann, ist Ass't Charles W. White, 2nd Ass't Otto A. Marquard, 3rd Ass't 85 Operators Jacob Nicho,ls, Chief J. L. Corey, Ass't Reliefs A. H. Goodale C. E. Ripley, Jr. H. W. Squires DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Members George F. Steflfany Jan., 1923 Edna E. Fogarty (Mrs. T. B.) Jan., 1923 William G. Hummel, Pres Jan., 1924 Augustus J. Lauenstein Jan., 1924 William F. Costello, M.D Jan., 1925 John G. Taylor, Health Officer and Reg. V. S. Wm. H. Tonking, Sec'y-Treas. Martin E. Alpers, Bacteriologist Meets every fourth Monday — 8 p. m. FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY Trustees Charles D. Piatt, A. M Jan., 1923 Lucy Killgore (Mrs. Robt.) Jan., 1924 Grace Neighbour (Mrs. E. D.) Jan., 1925 Dennis B. O'Brien, Pres Jan., 1926 Louis Harris Jan., 1927 Mayor of Dover Superintendent of Public Schools, Ex-officio Martha A. Burnet, Librarian (Secretary) Nina E. Woodhull, Ass't Librarian Mildred Powers, Sub. Librarian Meets every first Friday — 8 p. m. SHADE TREE COMMISSION Commissioners Charles H. Munson Jan., 1924 Edward D. Neighbor, iSec'y Jan., 1925 Peter C. Buck, President Jan., 1926 Meets every second Wednesday — i p. m. SINKING FUND COMMISSION Commissioners Charles S. Clark Jan., 1923 , Sanford C. Gerard, Sec'y Jan., 1924 Howard H. King, President Jan., 1925 Mayor of Dover Ex-oMcio Town Treasurer Ex-oMcio Jos. V. Baker, Clerk John Moller, Treas. Meets first week in January and on call 86 DEPARTMENT OF WATER Commissioners Emil Heller Jan., 1923 Charles W. White Jan., 1924 George F. Steffany, Pres Jan., 1925 Jos. V. Baker, Clerk John.Moller, Treas. William M. Hedden, Superintendent Meets every second Wednesday— r8 p. m. . . BOARD OF SEWERAGE Commissioners Edward Kelly, President Edward M, Searing John K. Cook Michael F. Mullen, Secretary Meets on call of President BOARD OF EDUCATION , Arthur W. Condict, M.D., Pres Feb., 1923 Henry Heiman Feb., 1923 Estella Totten (Mrs. Leo).. Feb., 1923 William L. R. Lynd Feb., 1924 Emil G. Kattermann Feb., 19124 Lenore D. Allen (Mrs. Jos. L.) Feb., 1924 Coleridge H. Benedict, Dist. Clerk Feb., 1925 William , Otto Feb., 1925 John D. B. Vreeland Feb., 1925 Roswe;ll S. Bowlby, Supt. of Schools Meets every first Tuesday— 8 p. m. $7 MAYORS OF DOVER, 1S69-1922 f Town of Dover, iNCORPORAXEaD April i, 1869 ' ■ , First Mayor and Council George Richards, Mayor 1869^1871 James H. Neighbour, Recorder. 18^-1871 Ephraim Lindsley, Alderman. 1869-1871 Mahlon H. Dickerson, Alderman 1869-1871 Thomas J. Halsey, Common Councilman 1 869-1 871 Daniel G. Wiggins, Common Councilman 1869- 1871 Alpheus Beerner, Common Councilman 1 869-1871 Mjartin V. B. Searing, Common Councilman 1869-1871 William H. McDavit, Common Councilman 1869-1871 Mayors following ' Anson G. P. Segur, Mayor 1871-1873 George Richards, Mayor 1873.-1887 Sedgwick R. Bennett, Mayor 1887-1891 Horace L. Dunham, Mayor. ^1891-1803 George McCracken, Mayor .1893-1895 Ferdinand V. Wolfe, Mayor .1895-1896 Town of Dover changed to City of Dover — May 4, 1896 : George Pierson, Mayor 1897-1899 George A. Raynor, City Councilman (Chairman) John A. Lyon, City Councilman , John H. Stumpf, City Councilman George B. Carhart, City Councilman City of Dover and officials ousted from office March 21, 1899, the former government taking control, Ferdinand V. Wolfe assuming his office as Mayor. Ferdinand V. Wolfe, Mayor , . 1899-1899 Frederick H. Beach, Mayor , 1899-1901 Harry S. Peters, Mayor 1901-1903 Isaac W. Searing, Mayor 1903-1906 George Pierson,, Mayor 1906-1910 John Mulligan, Mayor 1910-1914 William L. R. Lynd, Mayor 1914-1916 Richard W. Whitham, Mayor 1916-1920 Pursuant to an Ordinance adopted May 26, 1919, the governing body attained the designation of Mayor and Board of Aldermen. William L. R. Lynd, Mayor 1920-1922 William H. Hosking, Mayor 1922- Floyd S. Carling, Alderman Ralph B. Dunham, Alderman J. Willard Farrow, Alderman Samuel H. Francis, Alderman Simon C. Hume, Alderman James T. Kerr, Alderman Arling M. MacFall, Alderman Etta C. Searling, Alderman 88 THE DOVER POLICE FORCE For the first twenty years of the twentieth century Ethelbert Byrani was Dover's efficient Chief of Police. He is now Sheriff of Morris County and resides in Morristown. In November, 1921, Charles U. Counterman, after ten years of experience on the Dover police force, was appointed Chief of Police. Other officers of the police force are Lieutenant John Hart ; Sergeant John Gallagher; Harry Fine and George Youmans, motorcyclists; James Hart and Walter Bums, patrolmen ; and forty-two special police- men. Special policemen are also employed by the banks. For three years the local police department had a one hundred per cent, record for efficiency. Among the usual duties of the police are the oversight of school children at street crossings at noon and at the close of the school day, especially at the Northside school and at the comer of Blackwell and Sussex streets. On holidays it is part of their duty to handle the crowds and keep traffic moving without accidents. The police office is in the municipal building on Sussex street. A police court is at hand and cells for persons under arrest are close by, where such persons may be confined for twenty-four hours. For longer periods of detention the law requires them to be taken to the county jail at Morristown. Across the street from the new municipal building, on the south side of the canal, may be seen a little old room of detention that for many years served as the local "jug." Even when there were no human occu- pants of this apartment it had numerous inhabitants, they say, who were always eager to welcome a new "boarder." For a town of its size Dover has provided very limited accommo- dations for law-breakers. Charles U. Counterman, our chief of police, has been elected a member of the National Police Conference, which is under Federal authority and maintained by Federal funds. A national police bureau is to be located at Washington, D. C, to receive, compile and investigate police information and criminal intelligence throughout the country. The bureau is to conduct studies and make recommendations upon the stan- dardization of police methods and procedure throughout the country, aiming also to make street and highway traffic regulations more effective. The safeguarding of the public upon streets and roads is becomii^ a subject that demands much of the time of a police force. The study of criminology is another department of their work that is being recog- nized as a special department of psychology and physiognomy, if not genealogy. Many special magazines and treatises are being published upon such subjects and an up-to-date police department might be expected to have a library all its own, equipped with the growing litera- ture of the subject, from Victor Hugo's "Jean Valjean" to the latest study of finger-prints of men and the nose-prints of cattle. 89» For the six months ending July first, 1922, the Dover Police Department has a record of "93 per cent, efficient." Improvements costing over $400 have been made in the rooms of the Department. THE POLICE COURT The jurisdiction of the Police Justice of the Municipal Court of the Town of Dover, New Jersey, is indicated as follows : To hear all criminal complaints of acts committed within the muni- cipality, holding offenders to bail or committing them to await the action of the Grand Jury. To enforce all Ordinances of the Town of Dover and local Board of Health. To try and determine such cases and fine or imprison upon conviction. To enforce all Motor Vehicle and Traffic violations committed with- in the Town of Dover. To solemnize marriages. Jurisdiction over Fish and Game Violations committed in the County. To compel persons who make threats to give sureties to keep the peace. To hear all complaints of children being incorrigible, paroling them or committing them to await trial by the Juvenile Court in Morristown. To deal with deserters of families, vagrancy, disorderly persons,. cruelty to animals, and cruelty to children. William Gardner, Police Justice. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE There may be a Justice of the Peace in each ward of any town to represent the county in criminal matters; but offenses committed within the corporation are subject to the jurisdiction of the Police Court. The Justice of the Peace holds preliminary hearings in crim- inal matters of his jurisdiction and binds over the parties to appear before the Grand Jury. Justice of the Peace is a constitutional office, while the Police Court is statutory. The Justice of the Police court is appointed by the Council for five years. The Justices of the Peace are elected by the County for a term of five years. They take office May first, after the general election and are sworn in, giving a bond for $2,000. John H. Martin is Justice of the Peace for Dover in 1922. His office is in Sussex street. CONSTABLES There are now six Constables in Dover: George Youmans, Charles Parker, William Parker, Isador Less, A. Judson Coe, Joseph Voelker. They are elected by the County and can make arrests on the warrant of any Justice of the Peace in any part of Morris County^ V ,99 In order to follow a criminal in other counties the warrant may be indorsed over to Justices in such county; but offenders must be tried in the county where the offense was committed. Constables must now give bonds for $i,ooo. THE DISTRICT COURT The Second Judicial District Court of the County of Morris was established by special act of the Legislature in 1918 and is controlled by an act of the Legislature entitled, "An Act Concerning District Courts," passed in 1898. The territorial jurisdiction of every district court is co-extensive with the limits of the county in which it is established and it has jurisdiction of every suit of a civil nature at law or to recover any penalty imposed or authorized by any law of this state where the debt, balance, penalty, damage or other matter in dispute does not exceed, exclusive of costs, the sum or value of $500. District Courts also have jurisdiction in proceedings between landlords and tenants and in actions of forcible entry and detainer, and in actions of replevin, and in attach- ment, as provided in the above mentioned act arid in such other cases as are now or may hereafter be provided by law. Special jurisdiction is given district courts under various statutes as, for instance. Agriculture, Biological Products, Carriers, Cattle Pasturing, Employment of Chil- dren and Females, Commodity Sales, Corporations, Cruelty to Animals, .Employment Agencies, Fish, Game and Birds, Mechanics' Liens, Milk and Cream, Tenement House Supervision, and various other acts. Dis- trict Courts are courts of record and have power to punish for contempts of court, the court having common law power in this respect. Wher- ever district courts are established. Justices of the Peace have no juris- diction of civil matters coming within the jurisdiction of the District Court as above mentioned. Morris County has three District Courts, known as the First, Second and Third Judicial District Courts. The First District Court is located at the Court House in Morristown ; the Second District Court at No. 14 W. Blackwell street, Dover; and the Third District Court, in the Town Hall, Boonton. Each District Court has a Clerk whose posi- tion is permanent under the Civil Service Act and it is the duty of the Clerk to issue all writs and summonses and keep the records. In the Second Judicial District, court is held on Wednesday of each week at the Court Room in Dover, except in the case of Jury trials, which trials are held on Friday, as the Court designates. 91 . TPE ASSOCIATION OF EXEMPT FIREMEN OF THE ;,; , CITY OF DOVER, NEW JERSEY The Association of Exempt Firemen of the City of Dover was incorporated May 24, 1897, under the provisions of an Act for the Incor- poration of Associations of Exempt Firemen and the formation of a 'Sta,te Association of Exempt Firemen, approved February 25, 1889. The first officers ejected were : William W. Sickles, President ; J, J. Vreeland, Vice-President; Robert C. Vreeland, Secretary, and Guido C. Hinchman, Treasurer. ' The object of this Association is to provide and maintain a fund for the relief, support, and burial of the members and their widows and orphan children, to perpetuate the social relations existing among the members of the Dover Fire Department, and to render such assistance in case of fire as the officers of the association may deem proper to direct, by the advice and. consent of the constituted authorities of the city! THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF DOVER Mr. I. W. Searing's Story Elliott's Foundry stood, in 1873, where Birch and Bassett's Coal and Automobile Office stands now. In the second story of the foundry was Palmer and Allen's carpenter shop. This was an unhappy combina- tion — shavings above and sparks below. In some way the carpenter shop took fire at noon one December day, when the snow was on the ground. The fire started when everybody was out of the building at dinner time. The town then had no organization for fighting fires. But people scur- ried around and brought what ladders and pails they could. No houses wfere very near, and the fire was confined to the carpenter shop. This was quickly consumed by the flames. Everybody began to talk about the necessity of taking measures to fight such fires in future. Dover was helpless. There had only been two fires in Dover from 1856 to 1873. One was a building on Orchard street, adjacent to the cemetery. The other was a building on William Ford's lot, near the pond. A meeting of citizens was called to meet in Whitlock & Lewis's store, corner of Morris and Blackwell streets, now Lehman's. Few came to this meeting. The following were present: J. H. Neighbour, Titus Berry, William L. Young, George McCracken, I. W. Searing, M. C. Whitlock and Jas. B. Lewis. It was decided to call a second meeting and try to bring out a larger attendance. Col. Stites, of Mor- ristown, was invited to come over and address the meeting, telling how to organize a town fire department. They had a well-attended meeting. Col. Stites, an engineer, spoke. The need of a water supply was seen and it was decided to build cisterns in different parts of town that were remote from the water supply afforded by the river and the canal. Only two such cisterns were actually constructed, one at the corner of Chest- nut and Prospect streets and one on Gold street near Prospect. It was also decided at this meeting to build catch-basins along the river, so as to have a depth of water where the suction pipe would work when the river was low. 92 But in the town charter of 1869 there was no provision made for taxing the town to maintain a fire department. It became necessary to obtain from the Legislature an enabling act to permit the town to raise the funds for the purpose. A committee called on George Richards, the mayor, to discuss this point and he recommended that the business men assume the immediate responsibility for this expense until it could be formally provided for by vote of the people and act of Legislature. Mr. George McCracken took around a subscription paper which was signed and generously supported by the business men of the town. A fire ordinance was passed and organization effected as told in the First Annual Report, quoted elsewhere. As to the period previous to the organization of 1873, there is one old relic in evidence, still kept on the premises of the Dover Lumber Company and exhibited on parade on rare occasions. This old Engine No. I, which Mr. McFarlan had in earlier days for the protection of the Iron Works, he finally presented to the town — a reminder of the days when pumping was done by man power and not by steam. There was but one such engine here, but in other towns they sometimes had several and placed them in line so that one engine would pump from the river into the next engine and number two would pump the water along to number three and so on until the last engine discharged the stream into the fire. In February, 1874-5, a supplement to Dover's charter was passed by Legislature authorizing the issue of fire bonds to the amount of $12,000 at seven per cent, interest to be refunded in twelve years. William Sickles, in conversation with me, has briefly alluded to the following fires: (i) Gage's Saw Mill, (2) Maze's Saw Mill, (3) Searing's Lumber Yard, (4) The Skating Rink and Force's barns, (5) Birch- and Bas- sett's Garage, in the building that was once the Old Academy, (6) Rich- ardson & Boynton's. The dates of these fires may be found in your fire records. (7) The Lindsley block. At the Richardson & Boynton fire there was trouble in getting enough water, until the engine got to the river and took water from that. At the skating rink fire they got the engine going just in time to save the houses east of the fire. The wind was blowing to the east. These barns and the rink were between the canal and the present Index building. At the Birch & Bassett fire the men had to fight burning gasoline, as the garage contained many automobiles. Some of these automobiles were saved and many were wrecked by fire as they stood in the building. After this fire Birch & Bassett secured the brick building next to the Index Office, formerly used by the Electric Company. On the day of the Birch & Bassett fire the firemen were out of town on a fire parade, but fortunately the apparatus was left in Dover. Mr. Sickles spoke in some detail of the Lindsley block fire. In this he helped save the Mansion House by getting inside the building with the hose and working to extinguish the flames that ha^ penetrated 93 between the ceilings and the rafters and in the cornices of the roof, threatening to jump across Sussex street and reach Kilgore & White's store. The Bennett house, next to the Lackawanna Restaurant was also saved by covering it with old carpets and keeping it wet. Mr. Sickles was a member of the first company formed in 1874. The First Annual Report of the Chief Engineer of the Dover Fire Department, for the year ending March i, 1873, gives the story of the founding of this department. The following is the list of Department Officers for that year: Chief Engineer, William H. McDavit; Assistant Engineer, William H. Worthen; Fire Committee, F. H. Lindsley, Thomas J. Halsey, Thomas B. Jarvis ; Board of Fire Wardens, C. H. Munson, foreman; William T. Allen, assistant foremfan; Jas. H. Neighbour, clerk; T. J. Halsey, M. C. Whitlock, A. Taylor, H. C. Byram, C. B. Gage, I. W. Searing. PALMER AND ALLEN In 1873, Stephen J. Palmer had a carpenter shop near the present Birch and Bassett Coal and Automobile office between the canal and the Central Railroad. This carpenter shop caught fire about noon and burned down. This fire made such an impression on the community that a meeting was called that same evening to consider measures of safety for the future. In December, 1873, a committee of the Common Council, consisting of Messrs. Frank H. Lindsley, James H. Neighbour, and William H. McDavit, were instructed to visit manufacturers of fire apparatus and also the fire departments of neighboring cities and report upon the subject of purchasing a fire apparatus for Dover. The result of that Committee's work was the signing of a contract, June 20, 1874, with Messrs. Harrel & Hayes, of Paterson, N. J., for the con- struction and delivery to Dover one fourth size Steam Fire Engine, 100 feet of Rubber Hose, one Hook and Ladder Truck, one Hose Tender, one Hose Jumper. During the month of February following the "Fire Ordinance" was passed, the Board of Engineers and Fire Wardens appointed, the three companies of firemen organized and accepted by the Common Council, and the apparatus delivered, submitted to trial, and accepted. From the arrival of the apparatus until February, 1875, it was housed temporarily in Tabernacle Hall. On the evening of February 20th the entire apparatus was removed to its present admirable and com- modious quarters on Sussex street. During the year the department has been thoroughly drilled, twice! in each month in the summer, and once in each month in the winter. As a result we have three most efficient and active companies, thoroughly understanding the working and han- dling of their respective apparatuses. During the year 1874 there have been seven fires. Uninsured losses, $13,150. Insured losses, $3,035. Total, $16,185. I would also recommend the building of at least five fire cisterns — two on Morris street, one on Gold street, one on Prospect street, and 94 one on Mt. Hope avenue. The estimated cost of these cisterns ten feet square by ten feet deep, built of brick, includine all the necessary excava* tion, is $225 each. There should also be set in the river bank at the foot of each street leading down to the river a wooden box, four feet wide by six feet long. By sinking the bottom of the box to the lower part of the river bed we can have abundant water supply in the dryest season. The estimated cost of boxes, including setting, is $25. Wm. H. McDavit, Chief Engineer. The above extracts from Chief McDavit's report indicate how the Fire Department of Dover was started. The department was then organized in five divisions : li City of Dover Engine Company No. i. 2. Vigilant Hose Company No. i. 3. Protection Hook and Ladder Company No. i. 4. Board of Fire Wardens. 5. Board of Engineers. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF DOVER, N. J. Narrative of George B. Carhart, April 20, 1920 The following is an account of the most important fires that have taken place in Dover in the last forty years. , I. The Lindsley Fire on Blackwell street where now stands what is known as the Brick Block, east of the Mansion House, occurred about October first, 1880. 2. Following that in February, 1881, was the burning of the Car Shops on a very cold night. This fire was fought with one steamer. City of Dover, known as Number One. The night was very cold and the water was taken from a brook on the Oram property by building a dam to hold enough to supply the pump. After the fire was out and we went to take up the hose it was found frozen. It was considerable trouble to handle it. A member by the name of Dr. Rossi made the remark that we might as well try to wind up the stove pipe. 3. Then came the Dover Lumber Company Fire. That was a bitter cold night. The clothes froze on the men fighting the fire. The late J. B. Jolly of the Mansion House sent the men hot coffee, much to their relief. 4. Following that fire came the Baker Corner, where now stands the Brick Building, corner of Blackwell and Warren streets. This fire started at about six o'clock P. M., in a clothing store about where the Insurance Office of D. R. Hummer is now. This turned out to be one of those terrible nights in winter with rain falling and freezing until the traveling was almost impossible, because of the ice underfoot. The engine was placed at the end of Warren Street next to the canal and things went well at first. The fire was well under way and five minutes more would have ended it; but unfortunately the hose burst and we had to stop the engine. When the hose was replaced and ready to start again the pump refused to work and when it did start the wind had fanned 95 the flames so that they spread through the building. It was impossible to stop the fire until it reached the Brick Building of W. H. Goodale on Blackwell street and the open alley on Warren street, when it practically burnt out. These fires seem to have occurred within a few years of each other. I forgot to mention the calling of a steamer company from Morristowh to assist at the Lindsley fire. Had it not been for this assistance the loss would have been much greater. These fires have been the most destructive. The town decided to relieve the danger in 1885 by purchas- ing the steamer known as Number Two, made by Capp and Jones, I think, at Hudson, New York. Following this, George Richards, then Mayor of the town, advocated a Water Plant, which is now a part of our present system. That gave us. a water pressure of 74 pounds at the Mansion House Corners, 90 pounds at Point of the Mountain, 45 pounds on School House Hill, 35 pounds on Morris Street Hill. The system was completed and on the tenth day of December, 1887, the water was let in for service. I think the first hose connection was at the Baker Corner and the hose burst, causing a fountain in the street. The late James P. Kelly had a device similar to a pair of tongs to fit around the hose, having the same circular measurement as the hose when filled with water. This proved to be very good at the time for shutting off the water. This was made previous to the day when used. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF DOVER IN 1922 The officiary of the Dover Fire Department in June, 1922, is as f oUoiws : Board of Engineers: Chief, George B. Carhart; First Assistant, Manchus H. Hann ; Second Assistant, Charles W. White ; Third Assis- tant, Otto A. Marquard. Dover Engine Company Number One: President, A. B. Van Syckle; Foreman, Alex Ackerman, Jr.; Assistant, George A. Parker; Qerk, Frank S. Hill ; Steward, A. Russell Baum. Vigilant Engine Company Number Two : President, Dr. A. L. L. Baker; Foreman, John M. Dehler; Clerk, Ernest L. Mortimore; Assis- tant Foreman, Charles E. Ripley; Steward, Daniel M. Dehler. Protection Hook and Ladder Company, Inc. : Foreman, Dr. Lewis R. Fritts; Assistaiit Foreman, Thomas Baker; Clerk, Charles K. Ely; Steward, Jacob Nichols. Board of Fire Wardens: President, Charles P. Cook; Foreman, Archibald Percy; Assistant Foreman, Sigvard M. Larson; Clerk, Arthur H. Goodale. EQUIPMENT The eqaipment of the Dover Fire Department consists of the fol- Howing : The Gamewell Fire Alarm and Telegraph System is installed in the town. We have two hundred hydrants within the town limits, with a water pressure varying from 176 pounds at low point, to 40 pounds per square inch at high point, capable of taking care of a very dangerous fire should such visit the town. We have 5,100 feet of 2j4-inch hose over three-quarters of a mile in length. Then comes the steamer that has stood ready for action for many years. We have chemical and hose car to carry our hose company to and from the fire. We have a Mack Fire Truck, plenty of ladders .•and pike poles and other necessary tools for the Truck Company's use. We also have placed in different parts of the town hose carts pro- vided with 400 feet of hose. Should a fire occur in such parts the citi- zens have access to the hose. A fire patrol autocar, carrying rubber blankets to protect goods in a Ijurning building, has recently been added to our equipment. It belongs ito the Board of Fire Wardens, who thus form a salvage corps. George B. Carhart, Chief Engineer. RECENT FIRES In reviewing the fires of the past two years it can be said Dover has Tjeen very fortunate. There have been a large number of calls, both general and still alarm, but not of such a serious nature as the one of February tenth at the National Union Bank, where the firemen found the bank officials had made such thorough protection in regard to burg- lars that we had considerable difficulty in gaining entrance. The fire at the Eagle Barber Shop, located in the Baker Building at the corner of Warren and Blackwell streets bid fair to be serious but for the fact that the metal ceiling held it down from above, giving the iiremen a better chance to hold it where it started. THE BICENTENNIAL In relation to the two-hundredth anniversary of the town the firemen as a whole are trying to put forth every effort in promoting, conducting and directing tiie success of this historic event. 97 DOVER WATER DEPARTMENT This year commemorates the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Town of Dover. There is no doubt but Dover ranked well among towns of its size two hundred years ago, for it is located in one of the most peaceful and beautiful natural valleys to be found the world over. As the progress marked in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries brought in comforts, such as are experienced by the introduction of canal transportation, steam railroads, gas for cooking and lighting, elec- tricity, with its manifold uses, telephones, phonographs and radio, so the people of Dover, sticking to the true principle of progress, set out, in the year 1887, to promote and use a water works system and procure a potable water supply from the springs located on the George Richards, Brotherton and Bryant tracts, located to the South of Prospect street. A water company was formed, known as the Dover Water Company, and two three-million gallon steel reservoirs were built by the said water company on the property of George Richards. The springs were piped down to these reservoirs as the supply and the discharge was carried down into the town. For years this served its purpose, supplying potable water and fire protection to the homes of our prospering town. It was ever the aim to deliver the most excellent water supply, but, as the outskirts of the town grew, the possibility of pollution to the springs was constantly feared, and in some cases actually met; so it became necessary from time to time to cut off some of the springs from the source. The Dover Water Company could not be considered in the full sense as a money-maker for the original investors, and the Town Council, realizing the desirability of many improvements and the exten- sion of the water system, very wisely, in the year 1902, took over the Dover Water Company by purchase, issuing bonds to the extent of $200,000 to cover the purchase price and to allow of extending the system and adding necessary improvements thereto. A Water Commission was then formed by the Town Council to operate the said water department. Mr. Leopold C. Bierwirth vras president of the first Board of Water Commissioners. For the purpose of increasing the water supply two six-inch wells were driven, one on George Richards' property and the other on the Bryant tract. It was the hope that in driving a well 80 or 90 feet a good and strong flow of pure water would be secured. This, however, did not develop as favorably as hoped for, the well on the Richards lot flowing but 10 gallons of water per minute and the one on the Bryant tract developing but one gallon per minute. To protect their remaining springs, the Dover Water Commission bought the Bryant tract of forty acres of woodland for $2,000.00 in the year 1912. 98 The natural growth of the town made it necessary that additional water be procured and a Board of Water Commissioners, of which Mr. Martin V. B. Searing was president, in the year 1902, developed wells in the flat lands lying between the Rockaway river and the D., L. & W. Railroad. They found water at this point in good quantity, and purchased a tract of land consisting of about 6^ acres. A pumping house, well-designed and well-built, was then erected and a 450-gallon per minute triplex plunger pump was installed, together with a gas engine as a motor power. Two new reservoirs of approximately one million gallons each were erected on the hillside south of West Blackwell street, the lower one of which was erected at a height equal to the six million gallon reservoirs on the George Richards property, and by means of cast iron pipe tied into the new million-gallon reservoir, the levels of the Richards reser- voirs and the new one being equal and tied together, it was possible to store up a reserve of seven million gallons. As the town kept growing, the town's people realized that perhaps the best building sites for homes were located in the upper hill section, and many homes were located on these elevations. The water pressure from the Richards reservoirs and the new million-gallon reservoir were not equal to supply the higher pressure. Therefore, the second million- gallon reservoir above mentioned was built at the high point of the moun- tain (900 feet above sea level), and supplied from the same 450-gallon per minute pump located in the flats and the same lo-inch pipe line feed- ing the new reservoir. With this high pressure system supplying water to the hilltop section of the town considerable activity was shown in the building of additional homes at the most prominent and desirable high points to such an extent that it became necessary in the year 1913 to further increase our water supply and two additional pumps were Sien installed in the pump house, one of 315-gallon capacity per minute and the other 285-gallon capacity per minute. These were driven by an oil engine, giving a total available pumping capacity of 1,050 gallons of water per minute from the three pumps, which, however, were not needed ; but the consumption of water was so great as to make it essential that a factor of safety be preserved and the over supply of pumping capacity per minute be maintained, so that any break of machinery in one pumping station might not cripple the water works system. The Water Works, being a municipally owned and operated depart- ment, was never intended to be a money-making proposition, but simply a self -maintained department of the Town and the water has always been sold at a very low rate. Nine-tenths of the water used to-day in Dover is pumped from the low level, which item of expense is considerable. Water meters were installed in service pipes where it was generally thought the amount of water consumed was greater than the vrater allowable under the minimum charge, but by only partly metering tiie service pipes, waste was allowed, due to carelessness or lack of attention on the part of the consumer. So it was concluded to 100 per cent, meter the town, and this became an accomplished fact in 1921. 99 The gas engine, our first motor power in the pumping station, hav- ing served several years of useful work, finally became worn out. This was replaced with a 75-horse power electric motor. The oil engine, having worked laboriously and well for years, being greatly in need of repair, was taken apart, repaired, set aside as an emergency factor and the two pumps which it had driven are now driven with two electric motors, the gas engine being held in reserve with the- possible fear of some mishap at the electric power station, which might deprive us of our motor force. Our present consumption of water is about 600,000 gallons per day. It is generally felt that with the introduction of sewers in Dover a great building boom of general advance will occur and a much heavier demand will be made on the water system than even now exists. The replacement value of water works system as to-day existing is approximately $1,000,000.00. Due credit should be given to the Honorable Mayor and Council who, in years gone by, had the foresight to see the desirability of pur-, chasing the Dover Water Company's property, for it has greatly advanced in value, and in the meantime the citizens of Dover have been; enjoying water at a very low rate, which is cheaper than is usually' charged by privately-owned public service corporations. George F. Steffany. ODE TO HYGEIA Hygeia, well-beloved Muse, Who would to thee a place refuse Among the mythologic powers That regulate this life of ours? To thee we would pay honor due ; To thee we would for favor sue. Hygeia, comrade of our youth. Help us elude Time's envious tooth! Not length of days alone we seek, But health and strength, the vim to wreak Our finest powers upon our work. To toe the line and not to shirk. But if the burdens grow too great, At least attend and cheer our late. Our lingering years, if such there be, With memories sweet, from grievance free. Hygeia, well-beloved Muse, Old Friend, inspirer — ^who renews Our youth, as thou, when years increase ? May such good fellowship ne'er cease! loo HEALTH, PERSONAL AND PUBLIC The health of an individual depends upon many causes, some of which may be within his control, and some not. He is launched upon his career by heredity and the care provided by the home, but must gradually assume a dependence upon his own powers of self-determina- tion as applied to personal habits, self-control, morals. He is aided by instinct, good sense, intelligence, conscience. But the individual who lives in a community cannot wholly deter- mine by personal hygiene all the factors which affect his health. Some of these factors, such as contagious diseases and public nuisances, have him at their mercy unless he can devise some way of protecting himself. Hence arise laws and regulations emanating from the National Gov- ernment, the State, the community. The local Board of Health is granted a legal authority and the means of exercising and applying that power which the individual needs when he comes to the end of his personal power over fellow citizens who endanger his health. The public Board of Health is a specialized arm of civic government. Dover has such a board. Its history began in 1882, consequent upon an act of Legislature dated April i, 1880, "An act concerning the protection of the public health and the record of vital facts and statistics: relating thereto." Sections i and 2, "enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey," provide for the establishment of a Board of Health in every city, town and borough; said board to con- sist of five, six or seven members, including a keeper of vital statistics, a city physician and city health inspector ; said board to be nominated by the Mayor and approved by the Common Council or other governing body, and to serve for not less than three years. Not more than three of the members shall go out of office at any one time, unless in case of removal by death or change of residence. A health officer is required in all cities having more than ten thousand inhabitants. And more inspectors may be appointed as needed. In townships outside of city limits the township committee, together with the assessor and township physician, shall constitute the Board of Health. The local board is required to prepare an annual report of the district and to forward a copy to the State Board of Health at Trenton. The following is a schedule oi some of the subjects to be included in such reports : A — Location, population, climate. B — Geology, topography, contour. C — ^Water supply. D — Drainage and sewerage. E — Street and public grounds. F — ^Houses and their tenancy. G — Modes of lighting. H — Refuse, excreta (how managed). I — Markets. lOI J — Diseases of animals. K — Slaughter houses, abattoirs. L — Manufactories, trades. M — Schools, school buildings, other public buildings. N — Almshouse, hospitals, other charities. O — Police, prisons. ' P — Fire guards. Q — Cemeteries, burials. R — Public health laws, regulations. ' S — Registration, vital statistics. T — Quarantine, contagious diseases. U — Sanitary expenses. V — Heat and ventilation for dwellings. This outline indicates a wide field of activity for public Boards of Health working under the direction of the State. Other details are provided for relating to finances, vaccination, public nuisances, authority to enforce the law, epidemics, schools. Specific ordinances are passed! from time to time. DOVER'S BOARD OF HEALTH i The history and working of the Dover Board of Health is recorded in their minutes and in their annual reports. The first meeting was held May i8, 1882, in the office of the Dover Printing Company; pres- ent, Messrs. Crittenden, Whitlock, Covert, Gibson and Lambert. Dr. T. R. Crittenden was elected chairman, and William H. Lambert secretary and recorder. Meetings were to be held monthly in the council room at the engine house. Meetings proved to be quite irregular up to 1893. In April, 1893, a "Sanitary Code of the Town of Dover" was published, John S. Abel being then president, and Joseph V. Baker secretary. Various details were therein specified in print for the instruction of the community. March 31, 1887, an ordinance was passed making Dover's Board of Health consist of five members serving four years, Horace L. Dunham being then Mayor, the members to be appointed and elected by ballot by the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and Common Council at their regular meeting in May. Two hundred and twenty-five dollars was appropriated to pay salaries and expenses. April i, 1894, the annual report was pub- lished in the local paper. Meetings were held frequently, and annual reports published, as shown in the minute book which ends January 25, 1909. At a later date the terms of service of members of the board was changed to three years. July 26, 1897, an ordinance was passed relating to the adulteration of food or drink and to prevent the sale of articles unfit for food ; also an ordinance to prevent epidemics from spreading ; also an ordinance to compel the return of all births, deaths and marriages by physicians, mid- wives, nurses, clergymen, magistrates and others professionally officiat- ing. 102 July 17, 1899, John G. Taylor was elected health inspector, Eugene Buchanan being then president, and G. C. Hinchman, secretary. July 31, 1899, the by-laws for the regulation of the Board are spread upon the minutes in full in the clear handwriting of G. C. Hinchman, secre- tary. In 1912, John G. Taylor passed the required examinations and was licensed a health officer. This qualifies him to act in this capacity in any ■city to which he may be appointed in New Jersey. Many details are given in the minutes of the board relating to the . application of the law to individual cases, showing the gradual growth of the Board's activity in protecting the health of the community by abat- ing nuisances and fighting epidemics. The Board of Health has been a veritable guardian angel of Dover. Some extracts from the report of 1921 will indicate the scope of their work for the year ending December 31, William G. Hummel, ^president. General health, good. Cases of communicable diseases, 423, of whom sixteen died. More diphtheria and scarlet fever than in any year since 1905. (Note. — Diphtheria was more prevalent in every State in the Union.) Five deaths from diphtheria, and none from scarlet fever, ^eath rate lowest since 1914, viz : (10.5 per 1,000 of population. Infant mortality low, being 67.3 per 1,000 living births, as compared with 102 per 1,000 in 1920. Mrs. French has helped to bring about this improve- ment by her work in behalf of the babies. The construction of sewers is imperative. (Action on this matter is hoped for this year.) A new milk ordinance requires pasteurization of milk unless obtained from tuberculin-tested cows. Milk to be graded according to bacteria count and dairy /•.cores, and labeled. This is in accordance with the most modern ideas of preventive medicine. Our food stores compare favorably with any in the State. The disposal of gatbage requires to be better provided for. Estimated population of Dover, 10,200. Marriage rate, 9.4 per 1,000. Birth rate, 21.8 per 1,000. Death rate, 10.5 per 1,000. A tabulated view shows the precise number of inspections relating to quarantine, cesspools, chicken coops, streets, dumps, stables, ice houses, nuisances, violations of code, communicable diseases, being a total of -1,455 inspections. , THE LABORATORY OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH '. ' By Martin E. Alpers, Bacteriologist ' "The laboratory of the Board of Health was started about 191 1, in the rooms the Board occupied in the National Union Bank Building. The quarters were so limited and the equipment so small that very little actual work could be done^ When the old fire house was remodeled so that it would house all the various departments of the town, the Board 103 obtained two rooms, one of which was fitted out as a laboratory with wood and stone-covered benches, running water, gas outlets, incubators, glassware and a good microscope. The actual work that the laboratory started with was mainly the examination of the milk supply of Dover. This was gone over thor- oughly. The chemical analysis consisted of taking the specific gravity, the amount of dirt present, the estimation of the fkts, total solids and solids not fat, taste, odor and temperature. The bacteriological analysis consisted of the total bacteria count per c.c. The analysis of the water supply is now one of its chief functions. The analysis consists of a microscopical and a bacteriological examina- tion. The microscopical analysis consists of the enumeration of the actual number of species of the various algae, desmids, diatoms and animalcules that affect the odor or taste of a water supply. The chief cause of a noticeable taste in our supply is due to the growth of the diatom Asterionella. Its most active period of growth is about the first of March. Often the trouble can be remedied by flushing the mains, as large numbers may be pocketed in some parts of the system. As far as known, none of these various algae or animalcules have any effect on a water in regard to health except being slightly offensive to taste or smell. The bacteriological examination consists of testing the water for the presence of the bacillus Coli Communis, commonly called the B. Coli. These bacteria are normal inhabitants of the intestines of human beings and animals. The presence of these bacteria in a water supply is presumptive evidence that the supply is being contaminated by sewer- age. B. Coli found in a water supply in a smaller amount than 5 c.c. of water indicates danger not in the B. Coli itself, but as showing that typhoid fever may be in the water, as both bacteria come from the same source, the excreta of humans or animals. The clinical work of the laboratory consists mainly of the examina- tion of sputum for the finding of the tuberculosis bacilli, the making of cultures from swabs taken' by physicians from the throats of their patients for the finding of the diphtheria bacillus, and the examination of slides of gonorrheal smears sent in by the physician for the finding of the gonococci. The making of these analyses is very important. Often tubercu- losis can be recognized by the presence of the T. B. in the sputum before the physical signs are too apparent and the sufferer can and will go to some place where he will receive proper treatment. The finding of the T. B. is as conclusive evidence as can be that the patient has tuberculosis. The not finding of the T. B. does not mean that the patient has not the disease, as often they are deep-seated and easily absent in the sample of sputum. The diphtheria analysis is also of great importance. In the early stages, if found positive, it calls for the giving of the diphtheria anti- toxin, which so absorbs the disease as to almost remove the fear and dread that this disease once caused. Also, in the final stages, the making 104 of cultures is of the utmost importance, as after the patient seems to be entirely recovered the diphtheria bacilli are sometimes harbored in the throat for months. If persons' so affected were released from quarantine,, they might easily inoculate a great many others with diphtheria. OTHER PROMOTERS OF HEALTH To the above summary of the history of our local Board of Health we add a few statements in regard to other agencies working for the public health of the community. Our local Red Cross is still active in promoting community health. The history of our Woman's Club shows that they have been able allies of the Board of Health. A special chapter could be written about the influenza year. Con- sult the report of the Red Cross and the Woman's Club, given elsewhere. The historian who tries to record all the good deeds done in Dover has his hands full. The State Board of Education has emphasized instruction and drill in health and hygiene, and the teachers in the public schools have done much special work in this regard during recent years. Dr. Emma Clark is retained as the school physician. Our public magazines and published books contain a vast amount of literature disseminating information upon countless details of private and civic life. Hospitals and the profession of nursing and specialization in clinical practice, together with improved instruments and methods of work, have added much to the alleviation of sickness and the prevention of death. Life Extension Bureaus make it their special study to ejcamine and safe- guard those who by advancing age are more liable to the attacks of disease and sudden death. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company employs nurses, gives physical examinations, and disseminates valuable information upon matters of hygiene among its members. A mere list of titles and some of its "slogans" is suggestive of the extent of their influence, and statistics support the claim that much good is being done in the way of prevention, The following is a list of titles in the Dover ofiSce of this company: Statement to Legislature, State of New York, upon a Constructive Plan for Health Conservation, issued by the National Civic Federation through its Social Insurance Department. Health Campaign : Six Principles : Clean Homes, Clean Milk, No Flies, No Mosquitoes, Well Babies, No Tuberculosis, Pure Food. The best weapons against Tuberculosis are Sunshine, Cleanliness and Good Food. The Child : Directions for the care and feeding of babies. Care of the Teeth. The "Flu" and You. The Metropolitan Mother Goose for Children. Beautifully illus- trated. The Health of the Worker. Danger to health in shop and factory- and how to avoid them. 105 All About Milk. Illustrated. How to Live Long. By Irving Fisher, Yale University. The Prevention of Pneumonia. Child Health Alphabet. Illustrated. Food Facts. Fake Consumption Cures. Tuberculosis is Preventable. Your Friend — the Nurse. Diphtheria. Stamp Out Smallpox. Clean Up. The Metropolitan, a magazine published in various languages, relat- ing to health topics. Some results of these efforts to deal with disease and promote good health are shown by the vital statistics of the year 1921 for the United States and Canada, for insured members. From the "New York World," February 26, 1922: "Mortality 8.54 per 1,000 (31.9 per cent, lower than 1911). If the death rate of 191 1 had prevailed in 1922 there would have been 54,942 more deaths." This reduction took place largely in the death rates for tuberculosis, pneumonia and influenza. But diphtheria is on the increase. To contend against this a new method is in use, consisting of the use of the Schick test and the admin- istration of antitoxin to those who are found by this test to be most sus- ceptible to this disease. New York State is inaugurating special meas- ures to combat this disease. ("New York Herald," March 19, 1922.) Deaths from alcoholism showed an increase of over fifty per cent, among Metropolitan industrial policyholders in 1921, as compared with 1920. The Board of Health receives an appropriation from the town, now amounting to $4,000. In case of an epidemic or a pandemic the neces- sary funds are provided. The members of the board serve without pay. The Attorney-General of the State recently made a ruling that a paid employee of the Board could not at the same time be a member of the Board. In consequence of this ruling, W. H. Tonking resigned as a member of the Board in order to continue his work as secretary, a posi- tion which he has filled since 1910. Martin E. Alpers also resigned in order to continue his work as bacteriologist. The care of community health is a far-reaching problem, depending in part upon the co-ordinated efforts of contiguoi|s communities. The authority and work of the Board of Health extends to animals as well as human beings, as shown by their inspections of dairy herds. Human life and health depend in part upon the healthy conditions of domestic animals. As a community becomes more populous and more thickly settled the work of a Board of Health becomes more necessary and should be more strictly exercised. Since 1910 the Dover Board of Health has io6 greatly increased its vigilant and scientific regulation of public health. There is always a disposition on the part of some individuals to resist or to speak lightly of such increasing vigilance, assuming that the cus- toms of a century ago are good enough for the present day. But it should be remembered that many factors in the health problem have changed. The watchword of the Dover Board of Health reads as fol- lows: "Eternal vigilance is the price of public health." The public should appreciate their earnest efforts to conserve the health of the town and to maintain the high record shown in the vital statistics report. The time to relax such vigilance has not yet arrived. RECENT PRESIDENTS OF BOARD OF HEALTH 1910 and 191 1 — Arthur P. Van Gelder. 1912 and 1913 — Dr. A. J. Carroll. 1913, 1915 and 1916 — Emil J. Riederer. 1917 and 1918 — Martin E. Alpers. 1919 and 1920 — George F. Steffany. 1921 — William G. Hummel. CHILD HYGIENE IN DOVER By Mrs. Mabel E. French, R. N. Much is being done to improve the health and well-being of our mothers, babies and children. After a two-year demonstration of the work by the State Depart- ment of Health as to what a great help a baby keep-well station would be for our town, Dover decided to support this good work for the good and well-being of its mothers and children. The function of this work and clinic is to stimulate interest and induce the right ^methods and, with healthful, systematic care, make life more vigorous, disease less frequent, decay less rapid, death more remote. It is preventive hygiene and its accomplishments that is measured not by reduced mortality alone but by increased health rates. Effective hygiene work consists of teaching the expectant mothers before babies are born and then supervising these babies up to adolesc- ence, that is the infant through two years, then the pre-school child, two to five years, and in some localities where there is no school nurse, the school child. So much of the school work done for the child would be unneces- sary if all babies were looked after during the first two years, as it is known by experience that this is the time when the foundation is laid for a sound, healthy physique for our future women and men. The child hygiene bureau feels their work is not only life saving, but is the means of establishing good citizenship, which means self-con- trol and self-denial, which after all are most important factors. The hygiene nurses teach expectant mothers personal hygiene that babies may have their birthright maternal nursing. Through the medium of birth records, mothers and babies are vis- ited before (if possible) the baby is two weeks old, so as to encourage and insure maternal nursing. 107 This is the solution of infant mortahty, as twenty-seven bottle-fed babies become sick with diarrhea to one that is breast-fed. Ten babies bottle-fed die to one breast-fed. Visits to babies and mothers are made as often and as long as necessary in most cases once a week until baby is one month, then once a month for one year. It is estimated ninety per cent, of the best work is done in the home visits. But the proof of the results and proper growth and development is through the clinics at the Baby Station, where babies are weighed and measured and records systematically kept of each baby. The proper feeding of the infant during the second year must not be minimized by the stress of the first year. During first year's visits the nurse will have illustrated the value of proper care and administration of food, the control of rest and play, so that after one year and before if possible mothers will seek advice at the station, releasing the nurse to younger babies and expectant mothers. Then comes the "dark no man's land" of childhood. The children are watched carefully for defects, that they may be corrected early before they becorne permanent. In many instances defective sight and hearing, impaired speech, curvatures of limb and spine have been corrected which might have become permanent if not corrected in time. In 1921 there were 75.6 deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 living births, while there were only 34.2 per 1,000 living births of the babies supervised, making the birthrate of the State more than twice that of the supervised babies. At present 177 communities are carrying on State Child Hygiene programs under State supervision. Twenty-two of these are supported by their own municipalities or private organizations. We are more than proud to say Dover is among these twenty-two stations, which rheans Dover cares and is providing a means whereby mothers and babies can be helped, be healthy mothers and babies. Dover mothers should avail themselves of this great privilege and jjlerive the benefit of the hygiene work your town is oflEering you. Clinics every Wednesday 9:30 to 11:30 A. M. Dr. Costello in charge, Jttly. Northside School. io8 THE DOVER GENERAL HOSPITAL The idea of a Hospital in Dover was first conceived by the late W. W. Halloway, D.D., who in calling on the members of his parish very frequently would find the members of the Nos Ipsae Club, a social organization, assembled. He was always delighted to meet them and invariably left with these words: "Why don't you ladies start a Hos- pital for Dover?" The little seed sown finally began to sprout. The ladies began to think and talk about it. Why not do something worth while for Dover ? The decision was made and with the co-operation of Dr. Halloway and other influential citizens of the town, the Hospital project was first brought to the attention of the people of Dover, on September lo, 1907. A public meeting was held in Library Hall for the purpose of per- fecting an organization with the view of establishing a Hospital in Dover. The Committee chosen for this purpose was: L W. Searing, Chairman; Dr. Emma Clark, Max Heller, and Dr. J. W. Farrow. In the initial stage of the development of the Hospital movement the greatest enthusiasm was manifested. The organization was about completed. A certificate of incorporation was presented for adoption and many of the representative and influential men of Dover and vicin- ity were named as incorporators. The articles of incorporation set forth that the institution should be called The Dover General Hospital. It was at this period of growth that opposition undreamed of arose and as a consequence most of the men named as incorporators declined to act and the most influential men of the organization withdrew their support. After due deliberation at a public meeting, held November 13,, 1907, a committee of five was appointed to wait on the Nos Ipsae Club and ask them to form the desired incorporation. Discouraged, but still hope- ful, the ladies did complete the organization and the certificate of incor- poration was filed with the Secretary of the State, January 2nd, 1909. A Hospital fund was started and a Woman's Auxiliary was organ- ized. The incorporators, who constituted the first Board of Trustees were : Mary Augusta Searing, Mary Waer, Nellie Cook, Bertha McDavit, Anna Hairhouse, Lena Dott Allen, N. Eleanor Hulsart. Dr. W. W. Halloway, George Pierson, J. H. Hulsart, and Wm. H. Baker were selected as the Advisory Board. For seven years the establishment of a Hospital was agitated and money was slowly, but steadily added to the fund by collections, dona- tions and various other means. In May, 1914, a part of the large estate of the late Richard George was purchased by the Board of Trustees for $7,000. With the purchase of the property came new inspiration, renewed interest and new friends for the cause. The Board was re-organized and the number increased to thirty members. 109 Work on the building was started at once and by the co-operation of the physicians and the Woman's Auxihary with the Board of Trus- tees and by the generous spirit of the people of Dover and vicinity the building was completely remodeled and equipped. Gratitude is due the following organizations and individuals who took a room in its original condition, and iitted it up for occupancy: Dover Fire Wardens, Knitters' Union and German Turn Verein, Mt. Fern Social Club, Mrs. Caroline Smith and daughters, Mrs. E. M. Bell, and Mrs. John Taylor, Harry L. Schwarz and Mark H. Schwarz. The Nos Ipsae Qub of Dover and the King's Daughters of Rock- away each donated a bed in the Woman's Ward. The Hospital was dedicated January 9, 1916. The dedicatory address was delivered by W. L. R. Lynd and the main address was given by Dr. F. D. Gray, President of the State Medical Society. The first patient admitted to the Hospital was a man ill with pneu- monia, sent from Port Morris, January 13, 1916, by Dr. Miller, of Netcong. Miss Annie Wiley, of Paterson acted as Superintendent until Miss Elizabeth Miller of the Presbyterian Hospital of Newark, was engaged. Seventeen patients were received during the first month of the Hospital's existence. The Hospital was dedicated with Mrs. Munson Searing, the "Mother of the Hospital," as President, and A. P. Van Gelder, acting president. During his two terms of service Mr. Van Gelder had visions of a new modern hospital and before leaving he donated a complete set of plans for a new building. In 1918, Mr. Max Heller was elected president and has proved a most efficient and worthy official. Mr. Heller inaugurated the annual subscribing membership plan, resulting in thousands of dollars being added to the Hospital's treasury. During his administration the mort- gage of $5,000 on the property was cancelled and to-day the Dover General Hospital stands free and clear of any incumbrance. The first paid endowment was received in 1920 from the estate of the late Ruth C. Webb, amounting to $2,615.06. The first bed was endowed by David Misel, of New York City, in memory of his brother, Henry J. Misel, of Dover. One thousand dollars was received. The Dover General Hospital to-day has twenty-four beds, eight regular nurses, an efficient corps of administrative officers, a well equipped operating room, a pathological laboratory and an X-ray room. Great credit is due Miss Miller, the present Superintendent, who by her untiring efforts has built up the Hospital to the high standard it now attains. During the year 1921 there were five hundred and six patients treated in the Hospital. N. Eleanor Hulsart. no THE WOMAN'S AUXILIARY OF THE DOVER GENERAL HOSPITAL As has been stated in the Hospital article, the Nos Ipsae Club was- the nucleus of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Etover General Hospital. After the Hospital was incorporated in the year 1909, the women formed an Auxiliary to work in co-operation with the Board of Trustees, and help them wherever possible, either morally or financially. At first their work consisted chiefly of collecting money by various means, but after a time they began to find other avenues of usefulness and the membership steadily increased until it now has about 375 members. The dues have always been one dollar a year, as it has been the aim of the organization to get the interest, good will, and co-operation of as many people as possible. Three units of the Auxiliary have been formed : One at Wharton -^ one at Flanders; and the Roxbury Unit, which includes the territory from Lake Hopatcong to Kenvil. Monthly meetings are held from September to June, inclusive. Besides transacting the regular business of the organization we have many prominent speakers, who come to us with messages of interest and instruction. The Hospital was really purchased with money collected by the Auxiliary, and various sums have been given for repairs and fixtures during the past years. It has been found that a Nurses' Home is a necessity. It is a very great expense to have most of the nursing staff graduate nurses and by having a Home it is possible to have a training school, the pupils of which will supplement the graduate nurses, thereby raising the stand- ing of the Hospital and lowering the cost of maintenance. The Aux- iliary has taken the responsibility of raising the money for such a build- ing and at the present time has nearly $3,000 in the fund. Each year a donation week is held by the Auxiliary, when the citi- zens of Dover and all the surrounding communities are asked to con- tribute something to the Hospital. The response to that call is always very generous and eatables of all kinds are given; also a considerable amount of money. This lowers the cost of living at the institution to a great extent and is sincerely appreciated. The 'work of the Auxiliary is organized under the following com- mittees: the Sewing Committee, which makes Hospital garments, bed sheets, draw sheets, etc., as needed; the Linen Committee, which col- lects old linen wherever possible, to be used in the Hospital ; the Visiting Committee, whose members frequently call upon the patients at the Hospital and carry them messages of comfort and cheer which are greatly enjoyed; the Program Committee, which arranges for all speakers and entertainment; and the Membership Committee, whose duty it is ta attend to the renewal of memberships and solicit new members. 1 1,1 The staff of physicians and the administrative officers of the Hos- pital feel that they could not carry on their splendid work without the aid of the Auxiliary, which expects to continue its activities and hopes to be able to help realize the ambition of the staff and of all public- minded citizens for a modern, well-equipped Hospital and Nurses' Home in an ideal location. Mrs. Fletcher Fritts, AMERICAN RED CROSS West Morris County Chapter, Dover, New Jersey Note: — The History Committee of our local Red Cross has con- tributed by request the following facts and figures pertaining to its work — an impressive record of the response made by Dover and neighbor- ing communities to the call for service that reached us in April, 1917. But figures fail to express the full meaning of the loyalty, devotion and helpfulness to which they point. "Dover Dates" takes on new meaning when such facts and figures as these are added to the story. And the work of our Red Cross Chapter is a "continued story." I. Introduction. A local newspaper gives the following account of the formation of the chapter: "Dover is to have a part in the great work now being carried on by the American Red Cross. A meeting of patriotic citizens was held in St. John's parish house last week (March 20, 1917) to consider a plan by which Dover might do its part to aid in the great national crisis. After much discussion it was decided to ask for a charter to form a chapter of the American Red Cross, to be known as Dover Chapter. It will be the purpose of the chapter to give instruction in first aid, home care of the sick, field nursing, and prepare bandages and surgical dressings and comfort bags for the use of soldiers. The Rev. Walter E. Howe was elected temporary chairman, and Miss Martha Burnet temporary secre- tary. "As soon as authority has been received from national headquarters, a public meeting will be called to formally organize the chapter and begin work. The use of St. John's parish house has been tendered for a head- quarters for its operation. "A hearty response, made with the suggestion that Dover take up this work, indicates that there is no real lack of patriotism here and that, should war break out, our town is ready to give of its best support to the government." On April 10, 1917, a mass meeting was held at Elite Hall, at which West Morris County Chapter, A. R. C, was formally organized with the following officers : 112 Chairman — Rev. Walter E. Howe. Vice-Chairman — Mrs. James T. Lowe. Secretary — Miss Martha A. Burnet. Treasurer — J. D. B. Vreeland. And the name "West Morris County Chapter" adopted at the requests of the Atlantic Division. The geographical limits of the chapter were defined as follows: Morris County, except that part covered by Madison Chapter, and the Town of Morristown, which was assigned to Morristown Chapter, and the Town of Stanhope, in Sussex County. At a later date the Atlantic Division found that Mendham was included in the territory of Morris- town Chapter. Still later, after Morristown Chapter had taken over, without our consent, an auxiliary organized at German (now Long) Valley, this town was relinquished to Morristown Chapter. In 1918, by agreement with Sussex Chapter, Byram Township was added to our territory. Morristown Chapter has invaded the territory of West Morris County Chapter at Mt. Freedom, and has collected funds at Rockaway and Mt. Tabor. By April 14 the membership of the local Red Cross had increased to 250, permanent headquarters had been established in the parish house of St. John's Church, through the courtesy of the vestry, and the follow- ing committees were organized: Extension, Canteen, Educational, Finance, Headquarters and Enrollment. Branches and auxiliaries were organized as follows : Branches — Wharton, April 23, 1917. Boonton, April 29, 1917. Rockaway, May 8, 1917. Musconetcong, June 11, 19 17 (including Stanhope, Netcong, Budd Lake). Auxiliaries — Denville, May 3, 1917. Roxbury, May, 1917 (including Succasunna, Ledgewood, Flanders) Mountain Lakes, May, 191 7. Towaca, June 12, 1917. Parsippany, June i, 1917. Hopatcong, July 11, 1917. Rockaway Valley, September 7, 1917. Port Morris, October 12,^ 1917. (Disbanded January 6, 1918. Merged with Musconetcong.) Mine Hill, February 9, 1918. (Disbanded February, 1919.) Mount Hope, May 20, 1918. Teabo, July, 1918. IL Personnel. Chairman — Rev. W. E. Howe, Rector St. John's Church, April 10, 1917- November 28, 1917. "3 Warren C. Van Benschoten, December 12, 1917-November 27, 1918. Robert Richards, Alderman, Town of Dover, November 27, 1918- Vice-Chairman — Mrs. James T. Lowe, April 10, 1917-October 24, 1917. Robert Richards, October 24, 1917-August 28, 1918. W. H. Hosking, November 27, 1918-January 8, 1919. Charles B. Boyd, January 8, 1919- Secretary — Miss Martha A. Burnet, April 10, 1917- Miss Minerva Freeman, October 24, 1917- Assistant Secretary — Miss Mary Sutton, May 20, 1918- Treasurer — J. D. B. Vreeland, April 10, 1917-November 28, 191 7. Samuel Male, December 12, 1917- January 30, 1918. Harry A. Armitage, February 27, 1918-November 27, 1918. Fletcher L. Fritts, November 27, 1918-July i, 1919. Mrs. Edward G. Lewis, July 25, 1919- August 13, 1919. Miss Mabel Herrick, August, 1919- Committee Chairmen — Membership — Miss Ada Chandler, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. Mrs. S. C. Hume, November 27, 1918- Surgical Dressings — Dr. Julia Mutchler, October 24, 1917-August 7, 1918. Assistant — Mrs. F. F. Hummel, March, igi8-September, 1918. Mrs. Peter MacMillan, August 7, 1918-November 27, 1918. Hospital Supplies — Mrs. Louise Fanning, April 10, 1917-August 7, 1918. Mrs. T. B. Fogarty, August 7, 1918-November 27, 1918. Supplies — Mrs. Emil Kattermann, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. Assistant — Mrs. James Govern, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. Mrs. Peter MacMillan, November 27, 1918- Financfr — Harry R. Gill, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. James V. Laughlin, November 27, 1918- Chapter Production — Miss Mary F. Rose, November 27, 1918-July 2, 1918. Extension- Rev. W. E. Howe, October 24, 1917- Junior Work — Mrs. Max Heller, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. Miss Minerva Freeman, November t.'j, 1918- 114 Civilian Relief — Capen A. Fleming, November 28, 1917-November 27, 1918. Mrs. J. W. Estler, September, 1917- Mrs. T. B. Fogarty, November 27, 1918- Influenza Epidemic — Mrs. Peter MacMillan. Publicity — Mrs. Rae M. Silberg, October 24, 1917-November 2-], 1918.. Miss Martha A. Burnet, November 27, 1918- III. Okganization. April 10, 1917, according to A. D. No. 149. Reorganized October 24, 1917. Reorganized November 27, 1918, in accordance with latest instruc- tions from the Atlantic Division embodied in pamphlets entitled "Chapter Organization" and "By-Laws." IV. Method of Work. Methods of work were those prescribed by the Atlantic Division. The chairman of hospital supplies and of surgical dressings frequently visited Atlantic Division headquarters in New York for conference with the head of those departments. V. Record of Work. 1. Drives — First Red Cross War Fund $639.84 Second Red Cross War Fund. . . 45,723.29 Christmas Roll Call, 1917 5,643.24 Christmas Roll Call, 1918 8,779.00 2. Supplies Manufactured — Three hundred and six cases containing surgical dressings, knitted' articles, hospital garments, refugee garments and comfort kits. 3. Surgical Dressings Classes and Work Rooms — During the first months of 1918, classes in surgical dressings were held by Dr. Julia Mutchler and Miss Killgore at different places, so that there were many trained workers throughout the chapter. An advanced or normal course was held at Mountain Lakes and Boonton. Early in the spring these classes were discontinued by order of the Atlantic Divi- sion. Fifteen work rooms were maintained until August, 191 8, when the curtailment of surgical dressings was ordered. For many months, six rooms were maintained for work on the allotments ordered by the Atlantic Division. In addition each branch and auxiliary did local work in connection with the influenza epidemic, each supplying its own com- munity with pneumonia jackets, face masks and hospital supplies. Pica- tinny Arsenal was also furnished with similar supplies from the work rooms in Dover. 4. First-Aid Classes — Dover 3, Rockaway i Succasunna ; . . i Wharton ...... i Mountain Lakes ... t "5 Instructor Enrolled Graduated Dr. W. F. Costello 41 27 Dr. G. H. Foster V2 8 Dr. C. A. Plume . . 10 9 Dr. H. W. Kice 34 14 Dr. Bernstein 20 14 Most of the other places ignored the chapter and sent lists directly to Washington. 5. Junior Activities — Junior auxiliaries, 13; membership, 3,402, as follows: (139 Boonton (one organization, three schools) . . ( 184. ( 468 Denville ~ 106 Dover Northside School '. 1,150 Dover Southside School 329 Marcella 48 Mine Hill 42 Mount Hope Avenue, Rocka way Township. . 42 Mountain Lakes 132 '. Morris County Children's Home 25 Rockaway (one organization, two schools) . ( 251 ( 341 Towaco 100 i St. John's School, Boonton 4^ Total ; 3)402 Their work consisted of 1,255. sewed and 681 knitted articles, also poultry raising and gardening ; funds contributed to National Children's Fund, $280.61. 6. Belgian Relief — Used clothing. Mrs. Luther Tompkins and Mrs. Edwaird G. Lewis. First drive, September 23-30, 1918, 8,450 pounds; second drive, March 24-31, 1919, 5,241 pounds. 7. Military Relief — Knitted garments (sweaters, caps, helmets, scarfs) furnished to soldiers at Picatinny Arsenal and marines and sailors at Naval Ammu- nition Depot, Lake Denmark, N. J., in accordance with directions received from John Magee, director. Military Relief, Atlantic Division. 8. Civilian Relief. In addition to the cases that came under the care of the home service committee, this chapter co-operated with the town authorities in furnishing and maintaining an emergency hospital containing twenty beds and seventy patients in St. John's parish house during the Spanish influenza epidemic, October-November, 1918. Musconetcong branch organized and maintained an emergency hospital at Stanhope, New Jersey, In other branches and auxiliaries persons who had taken first- aid courses rendered valuable aid in caring for the sick in their homes. Ii6 . • ' 9. Publicity-^- The chairman has received all communications from the Atlantic Division, intended for publication, through the local chapter ; has taken extracts therefrom and had same published in the local newspapers weekly and sometimes semi-weekly. The public has been given detailed monthly reports of all meetings of the executive committe, also items of interest to local Red Cross activities. 10. Membership — 9,011. 11. Celebration for "boys," supper and parade, July 16-17, 1919. The chairman of the luncheon committee, Mrs. Louise Fanning, reported that on July 16 a supper was served in Arcanum Hall to the soldiers and sailors of the Second District of Morris County, by the members of West Morris County Chapter. In addition to contributions of money from the various branches and auxiliaries, one hundred quarts of ice cream were donated by W. C. Van Benschoten, and one hundred cakes were donated by members of the Red Cross. After the supper a sale of ice cream and cake was held, netting $36.55, and the remainder of the cakes were donated to Dover General Hospital, the local Salva- tion Army, and the Children's Home, at Parsippany. The treasurer. Miss Mary Sutton, reported receipts amounting to $194.65, and expenses $107.23, leaving a balance of $87.42, which, plus 75 cents, was donated to the World War veterans. Chapter History Committee, Walter Edwin Howe, Mary Sutton, Louise Fanning, Minerva Freeman, Chairman. HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE Robert Richards, Chairman, West Morris County Chapter. The month of February, 1922, has come and gone, with its patriotic holidays in honor of Lincoln and Washington, long celebrated in our schools by special exercises commemorative of these great Americans and the principles for which they stand. We now face a new day with its international conferences consequent upon a greater struggle than Lincoln or Washington knew. May their noble example still be potent in leading us forward to a world peace founded upon true principles of -world statesmanship. America means mope to the world than it did fifty years ago. We incorporate in our "Dover Dates" the history of the American Legion and the report of the West Morris Chapter of the American Red Cross as one means of commemorating the patriotic services of men and ■women in Dover and vicinity. And we should remember that many not prominent in these orgEtfiizations contributed in other ways to the sup- port of those who were at the front. The plain facts and figures of the Red Cross report should be read with sympathetic interest by thinking men and women. Those facts and figures are illuminated by the following verses contributed by Miss Freeman, sujggesting in other terms than statistics the spirit in which the West Morris Chapter did its part. The committee expressed their appreciation of Miss Freeman's efficiency as secretary by presenting her with a Red Cross service medal. 117 WOMAN'S WORK IN THE RED CROSS While the men of our nation do battle In the blood-drenched fields of France, And with Briton and Gaul and Fleming Are checking the Hun's advance, 'Tis the ancient lot of us women To practice each homely art, To wait at the rear and' the sidelines, And loyally do our part. So, under the banner of service We, too, enlist for the fight, And never our hearts shall falter Until the great triumph of Right. In city and town and in hamlet And places remote from our ken We women have answered the summons And we follow the steps of our men. In humble cot and in mansion. From dawn until late at night. In the hands of women and maidens The needles are flashing bright. And under our busy fingers The piles of garments grow — Sweaters and caps and mufflers. In cases, row upon row; Comfort kits ,for our soldiers. Surgical dressings, supplies. And millions of "refugee garments," For the needs of our brave Allies. Beneath the red cross of our banner. With its field of snowy white. Eager, devoted, untiring. We women toil on, day and night. And though our bodies be weary, Our labors shall never cease Till the jangling tocsin of warfare Gives way to the joy-bells of peace. ii8 THE FIRST DECADE OF THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF DOVER By Minerva Freeman One of the undertakings of the Woman's Club which involved a great amount of labor, with a corresponding^ amount of satisfaction, was its share in checking up the 1917-1918 birth record. The State register of vital statistics for that year was known to be incorrect, and the woman's committee of tiie State Council of National Defense requested the Woman's Clubs throughout the State to make a house-to-house canvass in their districts, examine baptismal records in the churches, and check up their findings with the local registrar of vital statistics. The district allotted to the Dover Woman's Club included Dover, Whar- ton, Mine Hill, Shongum, Millbrook, Center Grove, Mt. Freedom and every house along the roads leading to these towns and villages. The civics committee organized the town into districts,, and with the aid of residents in the other communities a thorough canvass was made. A list of more than 240 babies was made, including names of babies whose births had not been recorded and which were added to the State register of vital statistics. The Woman's Club takes pleasure in acknowledging the splendid co-operation of John G. Taylor, local health inspector and registrar of vital statistics. For this work the Woman's Club received special commendation from the State chairman of the woman's com- mittee, New Jersey State Council of Defense, at a social gathering of all the "workers" held at the home of the club president when the work was completed. The Woman's Club has always co-operated with the public library in every possible way, and has accumulated a small sum of money to be contributed some time toward the construction of a permanent library building. For several years the Woman's Club has been a member of the Travelers' Aid Association, and the club's representative, Mrs. Walter E. Howe, has on many occasions rendered valuable assistance to inexpe- rienced travelers, young children who were traveling alone, etc. The entire time of the club members has not been spent at "hard labor," as might be imagined. Once a month a program meeting has been held, and some of these meetings have been addressed by very distinguished speakers. A partial list includes : May Riley Smith, former president of Sorosis. Jessie B. Rittenhouse, Poetess. Mrs. Beatrice Stern, of Newark, "Woman and Labor." Mrs. Alice Jaynes, secretary of Consumers' League. Dr. J. J. Savitz, principal State Normal School, Trenton, on "The Relation of the Home to the School." Colonel Edwin A. Stevens, of Hoboken, State road commissioner. Mrs. William T. Ropes, president. New Jersey State Federation of Woman's Clubs. 119 Mrs. John R. Schermerhorn, president. Mrs. Charles W. Stockton, president. Miss Sarah Askew, State librarian, Trenton. Mrs. Julia Heath, founder of the National Housewives' League. Dr. Katherine Bement Davis, former police commissioner, New York City. Dr. Mary Gordon, of England, relief work with Serbian army. Sergeant Ruth Farnham, officer of Serbian army. Mrs. E. F. Feikert, State Republican vice-chairman for women voters. Mrs. Otto Wittpenn, State Democratic vice-chairman for women voters. Hon. William N. Runyon, Senator and ex-Governor of New Jersey. C. L. Stonaker, secretary State Charities Aid and Prison Reform Association of New Jersey. The following is a list of the presidents of the club during the first decade of its existence : Mrs- R. A. Bennett, Mrs. S. J. Palmer, Mrs. T. J. Winslade, Mrs. Seth Ely. A series of informal lawn and porch parties are usually held at homes of members during the summer, as well as the annual whist and dance which is given each winter. The Woman's Club celebrates its birthday each year by an annual birthday party, at which a special entertainment is provided for the mehibers and a donation presented to the Salvation Army to be used for the children's Christnjas celebration. For several years the little Belgian Christmas stocking has received a generous contribution for the little children overseas. The directors of the music department have always utilized the talent of the club members and their friends by presenting delightful vocal and instrumental selections at every meeting, and for several years the Woman's Club had a splendid orchestra, under the efficient direction of Miss Alice Rogers. One pleasant feature of each meeting in recent years has been ten or fifteen minutes devoted to community singing. The dramatic talent of many club members was discovered and developed by Miss Ruth Beth Watts, and several noteworthy productions have been given. In addition to the annual high-class vaudeville given by the club members for several years, the club gave finished and artistic presentations of Tennyson's "Princess" ; "The Taming of the Shrew" ; "The Worsted Man," by John Kendrick Bangs. The Shakespearean tercentenary was celebated by presenting scences from "As You Like It," "Romeo and Juliet" and "The Taming of the Shrew." In recent years Miss Jane Lynd has arranged a number of very charming little plays and folk dances by children, and a beautiful old English Christmas pageant for the club's seventh anniversary. ,I20 ' The Woman's Club of Dover boasts three daughter clubs, at Long Valley, Chester and Succasunna. It has always maintained most cor- dial and intimate relations with these clubs, as well as the Boonton and Mountain Lakes clubs, and many delightful friendships have grown out of these club visits. While the Woman's Club is proud of its achievements during the past decade, the members realize that they are deeply indebted to the kindness of the men who have so generously co-operated with them and aided them in every undertaking, viz. : S. J. Palmer, for the use of Palmer Hall without charge. Board of Education, for the high school auditorium. Vestry of St. John's Church, for the parish house. Mayor and Councils, for co-operation in many enterprises. Charles Munson, host of club at Pine Terrace Inn. Dover merchants, for financial support. Editors of local papers, for many courtesies. The club has reached the stage where it feels the need of a perma- nent home, and members are devoting their energies to accumulating a fund to be used eventually for the purchase of a club house, which shall also serve the town as a much-needed community house. "Woman has found a joy in all her work. Because through it she may express herself, Her longings, aspirations and desires. She feels herself a part within the plan Of all the universe. With lonely heart No longer does she stand, but, joining hands With all the hosts of women through the world. Works with them for a common goal at last. And sees attainment, where before there was Much drudgery and weariness and doubt. In magic uniform she now keeps step. Obeys, commands, accomplishes; and Hope, Resplendent, crowns her efforts day by day." t THE RHYME OF THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF DOVER NEW JERSEY 1912-1919 By Minerva Freeman, Sometime Secretary Dear friends, we give you greeting fair on this our festal day ; We bid you in our gladness share, with spirits light and gay. As one who, having reached a height, surveys the scene below. Obstacles vanishing from sight, only the beauties show. So, having climbed for seven years, we look back o'er our past — Vanished the ridicule and jeers ; only the pleasures last. To tell you all the aims we've sought would be an endless task ; To mention some achievements wrought, permission we will ask. The civics group found dirt a foe to proper sanitation ; 121 Whate'er is done they do it well ; they always draw a throng. Straightway they set to work, and so soon changed the situation. They purchased rubbish cans galore, and "Clean-Up Week" they founded Where weeds had flourished rank before, fair flowers now abounded. Each opportunity they seize the town to beautify ; A row of splendid maple trees to Hurd Park they supply. This year, in August's scorching heat, the State requested aid ; Its tale of births was not complete ; a survey must be made. So, not alone in Dover, but in the county 'round They traveled, tireless, up and down, and every infant found. The Housewives' League lagged not behind; they made sharp-eyed inspections Of every dairy they could find, searching in all directions. The stores and shops, the bakeries too — no place they missed or slighted ; Painstakingly they brought to view all things that germs invited. No hidden spot escaped their glance if microbes there might lurk ; Unceasing was their viligance; untiring was their work. Next, in associative bands, they home and school united ; The welfare of our land demands that youth should not be slighted. The club donated many seeds to children of the schools ; Fiercely they battled with the weeds ; they followed all the rules. Till stalwart stalks of Indian corn, asters of varied hue. Were proudly to the club rooms borne when harvest time was due. Later a Christmas party came; 'twas filled with glad surprises; With laughter sweet and hearty joy they all received their prizes. And many other things we've done, well worthy your attention. But since the time is speeding on, none but a few we'll mention. To make our town a healthful place we strive with might and main ; We've sent our nurse, with heart of grace, to ease the pangs of pain. We instituted "Baby Week," with weight and measure test ; The mothers were not far to seek — they came at our behest. Each worthy cause we help along ; we aid the best we can ; We labor hard to right each wrong with money, work or plan. When war was taking toll of lives, unceasing was our toil ; We helped /'put over" all the drives — faithful we were and loyal. For the Red Cross vre served with zeal, our fingers flying fast ; We gave our time to others' weal ; ourselves considered last. Not all our energies we spent in public enterprise, For in this club is no intent all pleasure to despise. In the dramatic art we found performers not a few ; Plays over all the world renowned they placed before our view. In vaudeville our girls excel in both the dance and song ; 122 The charms of music always thrill our hearts to ecstasies ; Our orchestra with rarest skill makes sweetest melodies. In wisdom's way our pathway lies. Eager to know each thing, We humbly hear the message wise that learned speakers bring. And now, before we separate to go our various ways, Our friends we wish to celebrate with their due meed of praise. The officers, who guided us with wisdom, tact and skill. Faithful,' whate'er betided us, their duties to fulfill ; Our members, too, leal women all, who strive with all their might Always to answer duty's call, strong to uphold the right ; The host of men, who^. year by year, their aid and counsel give — We owe to them our thanks sincere ; they help our club to live. Much happiness the past contained ; the future holds still more ; For us the goal is not attained ; our prizes lie before. Now let us take to-day, dear friends, our motto tried and true, "By noblest means the noblest ends" we strive our work to do. Then will be heard a glad refrain, acclaimed the whole town over ; Thousands will rise to bless our name — the Woman's Club of Dover. HURD PARK Donated by John W. Hurd and Dedicated, October I2th, 191 1 I lived a neighbor to Mr. Hurd for thirty-one years and knew his mother and sister, wife and two daughters, who all lived together. We visited back and forth and they were among our best friends. After a few years' acquaintance, his mother and sister died, next his oldest daughter, then his wife, and last his youngest daughter passed away and left him all alone. About two years before he died, knowing he had no immediate rela- tives to leave his property to, I spoke to him about leaving the meadow (as we used to call it) to the Town for a park. He was a good-natured, jolly, unassuming old man, but was very slow in committing himself ; so he smiled and passed it off and there was no use pressing the matter and so it went on for some time. Nearly every time I would call on him I would ask him to consider the matter and finally I said to him one night, "Your family was one of the earliest settlers of Dover and among the prominent families of the town and you are the last one of the family. A short time after you are gone, the family name will be forgotten. Leave this land across the street to the town and we will call it Hurd Park, and it will be a monument to you and your family forever." He smiled and said he would think it over. I repeated the above to him from time to time and at the end of two years he sent for me to come down to his house. He said to me, "Mr. Buck, I have thought the matter over and decided to give the town the land for a park." A deed was made out the following day. 123 At the next Council meeting, I presented to the town, on behalf of Mr. John W. Hurd, the deed for the land, consisting of about nine acres to be used for a park and for no other purpose. I consider the property at this writing worth about $100,000.00. He was criticized by people for unloading it on the town, that it was not worth paying taxes on and so forth. Same old story, God himself could not please every- body. ' The Council then appointed Mr. Emil Katterman, D. R. Hummer and myself Park Commissioners and about thp first thing we did was to put our hands in our pocket for money to buy an iron flag pole, and the Hoagland Guards presented the flag. On October 12th, 191 1, the Hurd Park was dedicated. There was a great procession of the fire department, lodges, school children and soldiers from the Arsenal and it was one of the biggest days in the history of Dover up to that time. Mr. Hurd sat upon his porch and enjoyed it all and it was one of the happiest days of his life. He died on December thirty-first following the dedication. A short time after the dedication, the Park Commission was changed by the Common Council to a Shade Tree Commission and we came under the State Law of Shade Tree Commissions, with an income of one-tenth of a mill per dollar on the total assessment of the town. In other words, when the total assessment is $5,000,000.00 the Shade Tree Commission, under the law, receives for working capital $500.00 a year. One or two years it took all our income to spray the elm trees of the town. Once in a while the Town Council would appropriate an extra $500.00 a year, which we applied to do a little work in the park, princi- pally in cutting the grass and filling it in. Then the World War broke out and labor was so high, it was impossible to think of developing the park at such prices, so things lay dormant until the matter of a Soldiers' Monument came up in 1921 and it^happened in this way. I had noticed in driving through the country in my car that several towns had secured a couple of cannons from the Government and I wrote to the Secretary of War for two cannons to place in Hurd Park, and I succeeded in securing them, but it was necessary to have Mayor Lynd sign the appli- cation, so I attended the following nieeting of the Council and stated my case and they all seemed pleased that we had secured something for the Park. Then it occurred to me and I told the Council, I had seen a number of towns where they had brought in a large rock from the moun- tains and put a bronze tablet on it, with an inscription like this, "In memory of the Veterans of the World War," put a flower bed around it and a cannon on each side, and why not do the same thing for Dover? The Mayor and Council thought it would be a fine idea, just what was needed and asked me if I would try and get up something and place it -in the park. I replied, "I would see what could be done and report later." The next day I thought the matter over and decided that such a monument was on entirely too small a scale for a town like Dover. I then thought of three or four stones. I went out in the woods and secured half a dozen, but that was a failure, so I went again for more 124 stones and repeated it a number of times and built up a mound of stones in my office. Then the idea of a stone for each man, with a bronze plate — ^with his name on it, struck me and I pasted a small piece of paper on them to represented the bronze plates and then came the idea of planting flowers in between the stones and I went home and had Mrs. Buck get out some of her old hats and give me the flowers that were on them to put between the stones and then Rhad a miniature of the present monument. Mayor Lynd came along and I showed it to him and he was so favorably impressed with it that he asked me to set it up in the Council room for their next meeting, the following Monday evening. I did as he requested and they all thought so well of it that they passed a resolu- tion adopting the model as a plan for a Soldiers' Monument and instruct- ed me to place it anywhere in the Hurd Park I thought was suitable, and before I left the Council Room I had $100.00 subscribed to it. Had I not gone to the Council meeting to get Mayor Lynd's signature I would never have built the monument. Then our newspapers, the "Dover Advance" and the "Dover Index," took the matter up and boosted it and subscriptions began to come in and grow and started the foundation, which is eighteen feet in diameter and four feet deep and had to build fires around it to keep the concrete from freezing till we got it finished. Winter set in and stopped any further work until Spring. As soon as the snow disappeared in March, we started to look for native stone that had lain in the weather for thousands of years and were still sound and without any flaws in them and it was like going up Broadway in New York looking for a perfect man — ninety-nine out of a hundred had a flaw in them and we scoured the country, east and west, from Hibernia almost to Andover and north and south the same in order to find enough to build the monument. Then the loading and sorting was very expensive. Many of them weigh from one to three and a half tons ; some a little smaller, that were easier to handle. Next came the placing of them in the monument. Take a stone weighing two tons and place it here. "No, turn it over." "That will not do." "Try it over there." "Well, that won't fit; here is an opening ; try it over here." "Let it rest there for the present and we will find a place later." And so it was all the way from the bottom to the top. It is much harder to lay stones as they are in the monument than to build a solid stone wall, and very slow and expensive to handle such large stones. Then began the criticisms and faultfinders, who never gave a cent towards it ; but subscriptions kept growing without my asking for a dollar. A few of my best friends, who could well afford it, never mentioned monument to me or I to them, and they never gave one cent towards it, but we got along without them. We will not have to write their names on the list to be framed and hung up in the Council Room. And people who could the least afford it, came forward and gave liberally and really more than their share. One man said to me, when the monument was nearly completed. "Here is $5.00, Mr. Buck; all I can afford; but I 125 feel I would be ashamed of myself hereafter if I did not contribute something to such a memorial as you are building for our heroes and veterans, and which will be a credit to our town. The Soldiers' Monument of the Second Selective District of Morris County was dedicated at the Hurd Park on Memorial Day, 1922, with the following program : Capt. J. W. Farrow, Chairman OPENING Mr. Peter C. Buck President Dover Shade Tree Commission CHORUS— "America" Arcanum Band School Children and Assemblage ADDRESS OF WELCOME Hon. W. H. Hosking Mayor of Dover CHORUS— "Memorial Day Song" School Children INVOCATION Rev. J. F. Bindenberger, Pastor First M. E. Church, Dover One minute of silence will be observed by the assemblage in honor of deceased soldiers and sailors of wars of the United States and the bravest of the brave, their mothers, wives and sisters, who gave their loved ones for their country. REMARKS Adjutant Alonzo B. Searing James McDavit Post, No. 54, G. A. R. READING ROLL OF HONOR Capt. J. W. Farrow REMARKS — Spanish War Sergeant Warren Sumburger GETTYSBURG ADDRESS Miss Ruth Meyer LIST OF HONORED DEAD in whose memory the monument is erected, by F. F. Apgar, Commander, W. H. Baker Post, American Legion. ORATION. Hon. William N. Runyon DEDICATION by Edward A. McGrath State Adjutant, American Legion UNVEILING by Miss Florence Baker "STAR SPANGLED BANNER" Arcanum Band Assemblage Standing at Attention RIFLE SALUTE U. S. MARINES TAPS EXIT MARCH— "Over There" Arcanum Band The monument was unveiled by Miss Florence Baker, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Baker and sister of William Hedges Baker, for whom the Dover Post of the American Legion is named. It is to be regretted that Hon. William N. Runyon could not attend, having a previous engagement. 126 All credit for raising the money to build the monument is due to our newspapers, the "Dover Advance" and the "Dover Index," who kept in touch with me and kindly published items from week to week, free of charge, from start to finish, and the "Rockaway Record" also assisted us, which if we had to pay for it all would place them among our largest subscribers. Thanks to our newspapers. The bronze statue is entitled "The Spirit of the American Dough- boy," and was recommended by the National Memorial Committee to the National Executive Committee of the American Legion, as one hundred per cent, perfect, in the selection of a National Memorial Statue in Centralia, Washington. It was designed by the American Doughboy Company of Americus, Georgia, and made in Chicago. The large bronze tablet was donated by Charles N. Polasky and has the following inscription on it: "In Memory of the Veterans of the World War and the Men who gave their lives for their Country from this District, whose names appear on the stones below." Erected 1922. There were thirty-eight men who died, from the Second District of Morris County, and there is a stone for each man, with a bronze tablet with his name on as follows : Harry B. Anderson Herbert Atkins William H. Baker John R. Booth Charles C. Buck W. Joseph Bickert Thomas A. Cannon John Castimore Bertram Chamberlain Samuel Chiarella Bertram F. Cox James A. Donaldson Frank Feeley William H. Flatt Ernest J. Harner Michael J. Hartford James C. Hennessey William J. Hocking Peter V. Farley John Thomas Stephen Huested Anthony Kepler Michael Kedzuf William W. Lewis Vincent Manning George E. McKenna Alward W. Meeker Henry F. Meeker N. Leslie Mulligan Richard S. Parke LeRoy Quail John J. Reiley Frank E. Reynolds Edgar B. Rogers Herbert Smith Henry Stark George T. Swackhammer Anthony Sylvester. 12/ The following is one copy of many letters received from families of- the soldiers, who gave their lives for their country, showing their appreciation of the Soldiers' Monument, built in memory of the World War. June 7th, 1922. Mr. P. C. Buck, Dover, New Jersey. My dear Mr. Buck : Enclosed is a check to be added to the monument fund. Those of my family who have had opportunity to see the monument consider' it not only an appropriate memorial, but also a lasting work of rugged beauty. The appreciation of the whole community is due you for bringing about the erection of it. To some of us that monument is more than just an orna- ment of public interest and your efforts go beyond those of a public-spirited citizen. Cordially yours. It was estimated that there were about six thousand people attend- ing the dedication exercises. It was a beautiful day, but quite warm, and was a day long to be rememberd by everybody. During the Winter, the Mayor and Council appropriated $10,000 for permanent improvements in Hurd Park and we hope in a few years to complete the park, which will be a big asset to our town, and we hope in the future that others will do like Mr. Hurd, leave the town a little something to remember them by and to beautify and make Dover a better place to live in. P. C. Buck. DOVER POST OFFICE FACTS Note: — In Miinsell's History of l^orris County (1882) we find that Col. Joseph Jackson was appointed by George Washington as the first postmaster at Rockaway in 1791. Dover people made that their post office until Jacob Losey was made postmaster here, which may have been in 1820 or earlier; probably earlier. Other postmasters of Dover following Jacob Losey were David Sandf ord, Sydney Breese, John Mar- shall Losey (until 1857), Maria B. Losey (until 1863), Ephraim Lindsley, Wilmot Thompson, Alpheus Beemer, Guido M. Hinchman (1882). Thus we have the "apostolic succession" of postmasters (1791- 1922). The names of John Marshall Losey and his widow, Maria B. Losey, have been interpolated from information given in a letter of their daughter, Mrs. Livermore. Editor. Mrs. Charlotte S. Hurd ^as contributed the following data: Names and Appointments of Postmasters from 1888 to 1922 : 128 James S. Melick 1888 C. H. Bennett 1908 Capt. D. S. Allen 1892 F. F. Hummel 1916 Wm. Pollard 1894 J. W. Hummer, Acting 1918 Geo. McCracken 1896 C. S. Hard, Acting 1919 G. C. Hinchman 1901 C. S. Hurd, appointed 1920 (present incumbent) Dover was a third class office until July first, 1901, when the receipts of the office warranted the establishment of city delivery service, employing four city carriers. In 1914, parcel post matter not exceeding twenty pounds in weight was accepted for mailing, with provision made for insurance of valuable parcels, and a C. O. D. system was also installed. The growth of the business was so rapid that the weight of parcels was shortly increased to fifty pounds and since then to seventy pounds. The business of the Dover office has outgrown three buildings since the present incumbent has been engaged in postoffice work. Part of the building now occupied by the National Union Bank was used for postoffice quarters for a number of years until the office was classified as a second-class office and the establishment of city delivery in 1901, when the space was found inadequate and new quarters were sought in the building now occupied by A, M. Ryan as a shoe store and W. O. Brown, wholesale music dealer, a short distance east of the First Methodist Church. This building was occupied from 1900 to 1910, when a new office was built at 5 Warren street by W. H. Baker, giving much more room and better working facilities. At the expiration of ten years these quarters were found too small for the business transacted and we were again forced to seek new quarters, since the office had advanced to a first-class office. The W. H. Baker Estate built the present postoffice building a short distance south of the 1900-1910 building, and equipped it with up-to-date equipment, providing for growth of business for ten years at least. We now have a force of eight clerks, eight city carriers, two rural carriers, also special delivery and mail messenger. Parcel post matter is delivered daily by automobile, whereas in 1914 to 1915 it was deliv- ered by carrier on foot. Then a horse and wagon delivery was made, semi-weekly, until 1920, when a motorcycle with side car was installed for delivery of parcel post, and in February, 1922, the postoffice depart- ment furnished a Ford truck to be used daily in delivery of parcels, since the business at the local office had outgrown former methods of delivery. 129 THE DOVER FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY In 1839 there was a lyceum or literary society in Dover. Jacob , Lundy Brotherton read a poem at one of its meetings, ending with these lines: Dover ! gem amid the hills, Smiling with morn's benignant face, Thine industry shall weave a crown That thou shalt wear with regnant grace. Possibly this society may have gathered together a few books in the interests of literary culture. But we do know that the Sons of Temper- ance, another society that was formed about this time, had a small col- lection of good books for circulation among the people and this was known as "The S. of T. Library." Among these books was a set of , Prescott's histories. When the S. of T. could no longer provide housing for these books, William Young gave them a place in his bakery on Dickerson street and acted as librarian. In October of 1901 the Octagon Club of Dover decided to form a public library. This was a Club of ladies who met for reading, to "improve their minds." The club consisted of Mrs. Louise M. Whipple, Miss Sue H. Crittenden, Dr. Elizabeth W. Griscom, Mrs. E. D. Neigh- bour, Mrs. Potts and Mrs. Robert Killgore, Mrs. A. T. Van Gelder and Miss Marion D. Beach. In December they asked for the use of the study of the old Pres- byterian Church, opposite the present Memorial Church. This was granted and Rev. Dr. Halloway also loaned them his bookcases that remained in the old study. The ladies secured a traveling library from Trenton and took turns being librarian. They had no library funds, except as they secured private subscriptions. Miss Harriet A. Breese was finally appointed the first regular librarian and continued so until she went to California for her health and the town took over the library in 1904. Tlus brief historic note may serve to introduce the latest report of the Dover Free Public Library, given herewith in the "Dover Dates" column, as a significant and worthy feature of the history of this com- munity, functioning in this bicentennial year and having possibilities of increasing usefulness in the future. Library Staff — Miss Martha A. Burnet, librarian; Miss Nina Woodhull, first assistant; Miss Mildred Powers, second assistant. Library Trustees for 1922 — Mr. D. B. O'Brien, president; His Honor, W. H. Hosking, Mayor of Dover; Roswell S. Bowlby, super- intendent of schools ; Mr. Charles D. Piatt, Mr. Louis Harris and two of the founders of the library, Mrs. Robert Killgore and Mrs. E. D. Neighbour. 130 LIBRARIAN'S REPORT FOR 1921 The Seventeenth Annual Report of the Free Public Library, and the tenth report under the administration of your present librarian, is; herewith respectfully submitted. The Library has been open 301 days, being closed on Sundays and holidays. Number of books issued for home use 4i,;'io, an increase of 7,013 over 1920 and the largest circulation on the records of the Library. Number of books added 763 ; by purchase 710, gifts 53. These books; had been accumulating for some tirfte and many were worn past repair or even rebinding. One hundred seventy of the best were sent to the Summer Camp of the Rahway Reformatory. Five hundred sixty new borrowers were added during the year, making a total registration of 8,87s since the opening of the Library. No effort has ever been made to keep a record of the number of persons using the library for reading and reference, but from a conserva- tive estimate we find that the use of the magazines and reference books, has increased in a marked degree, a large percentage of these readers, being men and boys. The new schedule of hours has been in operation for the past year and wider use of the library has shown the desirability of the lengthened hours of service. The additional space which was added to the Library last spring has been of great advantage. Not only is the office more con- venient, but the main room provides more space for the Girls' and Boys' Section, but even with this addition we are greatly over-crowded. The two book stacks made by the, pupils of the Manual Training- Department of the High School have been in constant use and add greatly to the attractiveness of the Library. The report of the work with the schools is almost a repetition of that of last year, except that it shows ani added growth in all lines. The classes of instruction in the "Use of Books and Libraries" were held from October to April and on June 21st, no certificates were presented by the Library to the graduates of the Grammar School. Libraries have been placed in five more class rooms and at the beginning- of the school year a library of seventy-five books was sent to the High School. The total number of books for school use, purchased from the "Special School Library Fund," is now 1,265. Statistics submitted by the schools show a circulation of 4,724, which represents many hours of reading, both for pleasure and profit. In addition to the "Class Roomi Libraries," 150 of our owtt books were set aside for High School reading, and, as usual, a large part of the reference work was in connec- tion with the schools. Pupils were sent to the Library each day for information on various subjects, as well as for debate and theme material. In view of the growth of the reference work the Library stands in great need of a recent edition of the International Encyclopedia to replace the out-of-date set now in use, and the Encyclopedia Britannica for adult use. 131 The librarian has spoken at three meetings of the Home and School Association and told stories to the children in several class rooms. During "Good Book Week," a special collection of books was bor- rowed from Trenton and displayed in one of the show windows of the New Jersey Power and Light Company, and a talk on good reading was given to the older pupils of the North Side School. In April an exhibit of books on gardening was shown in the window of Berry's Hardware Store, with the result that, during the Spring, garden books were in great demand. As the year 1921 was the six hundredth anniversary of the death of Dante, an eflfort was made to interest our readers by featuring the Dante collection, together with a few attractive pictures borrowed from the Newark Library. The Bulletin of our Dover Library has been continued and has served as a medium to bring to the attention of our patrons books on current topics as well as the new books. Book lists have also appeared in the local papers. One of the most forward steps in the interest of education in Morrisi County was the decision at the November election to establish a County Library. A long and intensive campaign had been carried on by municipal libraries to bring about this result. A County Library will be of material aid to the Dover Library, as the out-of-town borrowers will be transferred to the County Library and we will be on the exchange list. The Dover Library was represented at the meetings of the New Jersey Library Association, held at Atlantic City and East Orange, at a special meeting at the- Morristown Library during "Good Book Week," also at the annual meeting of the New Jersey Congress of Mothers and Parent- Teacher Associations held at Trenton. Gifts of books, pictures and periodicals have been received and are greatly appreciated. The Library is also indebted to the local newspapers for printing book lists and library news. Through the courtesy of neigh- boring libraries many of our patrons have been supplied with books on special subjects. The Library staff remains the same as last year and the creditable work accomplished is demonstrated in this report. The librarian attended a weekly course in Library Administration at the New York Library School for three months and gained many new ideas which have been successfully carried out during the past year. The librarian would acknowledge her indebtedness to the members of the Board of Trustees for their consideration and assistance, and would again emphasize the fact that no library can take its proper place in the life of a community, when, as for the last ten years, the work is carried on in inadequate rooms. The year 1922 should see steps taken to procure a permanent building and a branch library established in the northern section of the town. The Library met with a great loss during the past year in the death of Mr. Isaac W. Searing. The following memorial has been adopted by the Board of Trustees. 132 MR. ISAAC WEBB SEARING AND THE DOVER LIBRARY Mr. Isaac W. Searing was president of the Board of Trustees of the Dover Free Public Library in 1904 and 1905, and from 1907 to 1917. The Library was first started as a private enterprise and was tdsen over by the town under Mr. Searing's administration as Mayor, in 1904. After he ceased to be Mayor he continued to be president of the Library for many years, and was deeply interested in its success and growth, doing all in his power to devise ways and means for the main- tenance of the work from year to year, and studying its needs for the future. Under his administration the Library grew from one thousand to eight thousand volumes, the number of persons who resorted to it increased greatly, and the public came to realize more fully its usefulness to the community. Mr. Searing presided over the monthly meetings of the Trustees with kindly dignity and genuine interest. His business acumen was of great service and he took delight in discussing Library affairs with his associates. He was, himself, a library of information on local matters and his reminiscences have been incorporated in Dover History. By these his- torical recollections an(4 by his long term of service as president of the Library he made a unique contribution to the social and cultural interests of his home town. 133 WHAT DOVER WANTS FOR CHRISTMAS 1920-21 Dear Santy Claus, I pen these lines To tell you what I want next year When Christmas comes; I have designs Upon your purse, my Santy dear! So save your dollars, don't spend all On poorhouse, on police and jail And various things I can't recall — Strike out upon a different trail ! I want a Christmas gift that makes No paupers; but makes many rich; / That gladdens many a home and breaks No hearts — leaves no one in the ditch. I want a building fitly framed To be the home of noble minds, A house where Wisdom is proclaimed, Where Truth a cordial welcome finds. I want a temple where the shrine Of Freedom finds a fit abode; Where Muses may the heart refine And guide us on life's rugged road. In short, I want a quiet nook Where folks may turn aside and find The solace of a friendly book To cheer the heart, inform the mind. A place that I can call my own, A Dover Public Free Library, No rented quarters, soon outgrown — A home more spacious, cozy, airy. So, Santy, if a hint you need. You have it here; you know my heart: Now jingle, bells ! and, reindeer, speed To Fairyland and do your part! 134 EDUCATIONAL DOVER SCHOOLS IN EARLY DAYS In the Centennial Collections of Morris County, published in 1876, there is an extended History of Morris County Schools, by L. W. Thurber, School Superintendent of Morris County. In this thorough and painstaking history the endeavor is made to trace out the earliest beginnings of education by townships. Incidentally much history of New Jersey is woven in with the story of the schools. This work of Superintendent Thurber's is well worthy of being republished as a valuable monograph on the history of education, preliminary to any account of education in Morris County after 1876. By this report Mr. "Thurber takes high rank among the historians of Morris County. Superintendent Thurber had previously been the Principal of the 3Dover schools and is still remembered by some of his old pupils, who •credit him with high ideals of school efficiency and with the ability to scarry such ideals into practical execution. After his retirement from active work Mr. Thurber resided for some years on Morris street, Dover. Later he went to Connecticut and now lives in Morris- town. Mr. Thurber's intellectual thoroughness and quality of mind is clearly shown in the history above referred to. I once tried to get him to write out his reminiscences of Dover for me, but could not persuade him to do so. Under the head of "Randolph" Mr. Thurber pays a fine tribute to the school maintained by the Society of Friends from 1758, if not earlier. "In its day it rendered a noble service to the cause of education ; for in it some of our worthiest townsmen began and completed their educa- tion ; and here, too, were carefully inculcated good morals and brotherly love — the fruit of which instruction was seen in the humanity and philanthropy of such men as the late excellent Richard Brotherton and his kindred." Before the public school system began there was a school at Dover, dating back perhaps as far as 1776, taught in the rooms used later by Mr. J. H. Neighbour as a law office. About 1796 permission was given ^to build a school house near the foot of the "Road to Lamson's Farm" »(on the south side of the Lackawanna R. R., where Lehman's wholesale •storage building is, in 1922). No deed of this grant of land was •recorded. To quote Mr. Thurber: "A public school was maintained in this building for forty years, when the stone 'Academy' was built for the combined purposes of church and school and the old school house was taken possession of by the owner of the land. The matter did not cend here, for the district was unwilling to give peaceable possession of ■the old building, and refused to occupy the new. The controversy rbecame exciting, and the citizens were compelled to turn out with muskets and clubs to save the house from destruction. School was continued in the old house, which was repaired, and in 1843 was enlarged and remodeled and used until 1871, when the present building 135 (Northside) was erected. This contains six good rooms, and will accommodate 400 pupils, and there are now six teachers and one prin- cipal employed (1876). The building and grounds cost $15,000. Five teachers receive $450 each, per annum, the vice-principal $700, and the principal $1,200, making an annual expense of $4,150 for teachers' salaries. The' price of tuition before free schools were established varied from $2 to $3 per quarter — all pupils paying the same. Until the erec- tion of the new school house the seats were defective and too few ; first, slabs on pegs, and without backs, extending around the room. These were removed and seats put in, each accommodating four pupils. The mode of instruction has also gradually improved and we find that its influence is seen in the advanced studies embraced in the course, for instead of the Three R's comprehending the studies of the school, the pupils are carried through U. S. History, General History, Hygiene, Natural History, Natural Philosophy, Algebra, Geometry, Surveying, Latin, Drawing, Music and Bookkeeping, with some other branches. *** Other notes on the Dover schools are to be found in "Dover His- tory." REMINISCENCES OF DOVER SCHOOLS A narration of events and of my personal experiences in educational work, as vice-principal, and later as principal of schools, including par- ticipation in the musical activities of Dover, while a resident, and later as a regular visitor, begins with a date indelibly fixed in my memory, that of May 26th, 1876. As yet a mere boy attending for the last year a country school, I presented myself at the old North Side Schoolhouse for examination for a teacher's certificate. My task completed, late in the afternoon found me walking back and forth up Black well street from Warren street to the Presbyterian Church, which was then a town block of surpassing beauty, large maple trees completely arching the street, Dr. Crittenden's residence on the left, including one or two other fine residences, and McFarlan Park on the right. While waiting for a long over-due train East on the Boonton Branch, the last broad guage train to run, there being at that time a third rail, I solaced myself with that walk and its charming vista until late in the evening. Three years of preparatory work as teacher then found me, through the good offices of Mr. L. W. Thurber, county superintendent of schools, engaged in teaching in Dover. Mr. Thurber, in addition to his county work, for a nominal retainer was employed by the Board of Education to give, as he termed it, a rainy-day supervision over the city school. Progressive in his tendencies, Mr. Thurber was what might be called a patron of the arts as well, and at his suggestion, weekly instruction in all the grades was added to the daily musical work in my own class. A few years prior to this, Mr. Thurber was himself the efficient principal of the Dover school, and the excellent results that he obtained 136 attracted the attention of Mr. J. R. Runyon, of Morristown, then super- intendent of Morris County schools, and later postmaster of Morristown. Mr. Thurber was a disciplinarian of the first rank, and though always holding to the truism that "Order is Heaven's first law," nevertheless, through his original methods, he made the work of his school so attractive to teachers and pupils alike, that Mr. Runyon desired that he should become his successor as Superintendent of Schools. Thus it can be easily understood why the Dover Board of Education wished Mr. Thurber to have a guiding hand in the school management during the time of which I am writing. A period of weak discipline, and rather high-handed maneuvers on the part of pupils, subsequent to Mr. Thurber's occupancy of the prin- cipal's chair, caused Mr. Wm. H. Lambert, familiarly known as "Boss Lambert," President of the Board, to appeal to Mr. Thurber to assist in finding a suitable principal. This Mr. Thurber succeeded in doing in the person of Mr. John E. D. Naughright, whom he discovered teach- ing at Parsippany, N. J. Mr. Naughright was physically a stalwart, mild in manner, bu%firm and determined in his method of management, and one day's bout with a few refractory leaders among the boys convinced the attending pupils that it was he and not they who was going to run the school. It was an interesting sight to see the boys at the close of school sessions, passing all the way from the upper floor to the street with arms folded behind them, keeping step with the music of the piano- until the lower floor was reached, where the drum (which I often beat myself, having charge at that time of the lower floor) gave them the time for marching until they reached the sidewalk. The boys enjoyed it more than being permitted to run, helter-skelter, through the halls, yell- ing and pushing one another, as is sometimes the case, even in schools: of the present day. I succeeded Mr. Naughright as principal in the spring of 1883, returning to Boston in the fall to continue my musical studies in the New England Conservatory, from which I graduated in 1886. During the winters of '79, '80, and '81, I was an active participant in the work of the various church choirs, which included those of the Presbyterian, First Methodist, and Episcopal Churches. It was in the Episcopal choir where I first learned the Episcopal service and found it a valuable asset, when shortly afterward I was initiated into the choir loft of Dr. Phillip Brook's church in Boston. I recall with pleasure a men's chorus in Dover that was drilled under the baton of one Reuben Rowe, and at a concert given by the club during the winter of '79 and '80, in the old Whitlock Hall, I accom- panied at the organ a baritone solo rendered by Mr. Emil Rossi, a civil engineer by profession, and son of Dr. Rossi, organist of the Catholic church at Port Oram, now Wharton, who was a practicing physician in Dover and vicinity at the time. The Rossis were doubtless the most; capable musicians at that time in Dover, and many a time they attracted eager listeners beneath the windows of their residence on Sussex street,, while they discoursed music of the classic order. 137 Dover, in those days, was not without its band, and at times, I was an interested listener at rehearsals where Mr. Frank Kenstler showed that he could justly claim, in addition to his tonsorial artistry, skill in that other art of playing the brass wind instruments and telling the various band members vehemently where to get on and off in their attempts to master their parts. The baritone horn was a favorite with Mr. Kenstler, and I recall a concert given in the old Presbyterian Church at which he rendered several solos to my accompaniment at the piano. Other partici- pants at this concert were Miss Abbie Condict, a lady much admired, both for her personal charm and her ability as a reader, and Miss Bertha Gage, later Mrs. Dr. Flagge. Miss Gage was accomplished both in vocal and instrumental music, and the Dover schools, for many years, profited through the exercise of her talents. Dover, in those days, was visited periodically by some eminent musi- cians who taught and gave musicales. Among them was a Prof. Watson, an accomplished violinist, a long time friend, I believe, of Mr. Horace Dunham, a well-known Doverite and a connoisseur in that line. I also met a visitor at that time, Mr. A. N. Johnson, the author of a well known text-book on harmony. The occurrences of those years and the succeeding decades give evi- dence that Dover has kept pace with other communities, and to-day finds the citizens with an adequate equipment of church organs, auditoriums, and musical talent capable of worthily using these facilities. Three-part and four-part singing was a common occurrence in the Dover school during those eventful years, and while there are doubtless many residing in Dover at the present time who could testify to the accuracy of that which is herein recorded, I recall the names of two well-known citizens, whom Dover still delights to honor. Alderman Etta C. Searing, and Mr. William Otto, cashier of the National Union Bank, both of whom laid the foundation of their future usefulness, as did many others, in those "unforgotten days." Edward M. Young. THIRTY YEARS' GROWTH AND PROGRESS OF THE DOVER SCHOOLS 1892 — 1922 In September, 1891, I began my administration as Supervising Principal of the Dover Schools. During the preceding four years there had been three different principals and the schools were in a rather chaotic condition. The Board of Education at that time was composed of five members: Capt. Sedgewick R. Bennett, President; Rev. Fred Bloom, District Clerk; and Messrs. Isaac W. Searing, Martin V. B. Searing and Russell S. Penniman. At the annual election the following spring there were three vacan- cies to fill, caused by the .expiration of the terms of Mr. Isaac Searing and Mr. Penniman and by the resignation of Mr. Bloom. These three vacancies were filled by the election of Messrs. Fred H. Beach, Edwin 138 J. Ross and Henry W, Crabbe. The Board then organized with Mr. Beach as President and Mr. Crabbe as District Clerk. This organization remained until the Township Law went into effect and the Board was increased to nine members. The Board has continuously consisted of nine members since that time with the exception of two years, during which Dover was under city government, when four members, one elected from each ward, constituted the City Board of Education. When I took charge of the schools there were fourteen teachers — ten in the old North Side Building, two on the first floor of Odd Fel- lows Hall and two in a private house on Pequannock street. The South Side School was then under construction. It was occupied the following spring — ^April, 1892 — with Mr. Albert J. Titman as principal teacher. The annexes were then abandoned, two additional teachers engaged and six rooms opened in the new school. This enlarged faculty of sixteen teachers in 1892 appears surprisingly small when compared with the present corps of 65 day school teachers in the Dover schools. When the schools re-opened in September, 1893, all eight rooms of the South Side School were occupied, and two years later rented annexes were again resorted to. The number of teachers in annexes grew until before the opening of the East Side School in 1901 there were eight teachers with their classes thus housed — six in the old Iron Era building at the foot of Morris street and two in what had been a blacksmith shop on Pequannock street. The more recent school constructions in Dover have been the erection of the new North Side Building in 1908, with more than double the capacity of the old North Side Building, and the new High School in 1918. During the school year ending in June, 1892, the statistics of enroll- ment and attendance were as follows : Total Enrollment 945 Average Attendance 595- Percentage of Attendance 89.8 Pupils Present Every £)ay 23 Tardy Marks 820 In 1 901 the following growth and improvement may be noted: Total Enrollment 1,31 1 Average Attendance 997 Percentage of Attendance 93.7 Pupils Present Every Day 116 Tardy Marks 400 For the year 1921-22 the statistics are as follows: Total Enrollment 2,283 Average Attendance 1,906 Percentage of Attendance 93-3* Pupils Present Every Day 167 Tardy Marks 908 139 * The former method of estimating percentage of attendance would make this percentage considerably higher. When I took charge of the Dover schools there were a number of studies being carried on of a more advanced character than those belong- ing to elementary grades. These, with some additional subjects, were promptly arranged into a two-year English high school course. This course was approved by Dr. J. M. Green, Principal of the Trenton State Normal School, which allowed the graduates to enter that institution without further examination. Two years later — 1893 — an optional three-year high school course was arranged, which included all of the shorter course with the addition of three years of Latin. The first class to complete this advanced course was graduated in June, 1896. At the time of its graduation this class was composed of six girls, who were graduated with eleven others who had completed the shorter or two-year course. The six young women who were the first graduates from the three- year course were Bessie Coe, America Davis, Augusta Howell, Bertha Richards, Grace Richards and Jennie Sayre. They were not only excel- lent students, as their choice of the advanced course would indicate, but they were all both present and early every day during their entire Senior Year. This is the only class that I have ever known to be absolutely perfect in attendance as a class during an entire year. In 1898 the high school courses were rearranged and enlarged. The optional two-year and three-year courses were extended to those of three years and four years. The first class taking the four-year course was graduated in June, 1901, together with fourteen students of the shorter or three-year course. At the time of its graduation this first four-year high school class was composed of six students, as follows: Robert C. Baker, Belle Champion, C. Raymond Hulsart, Raymond C. Matthews, Marion Richards and Luella B. Sands. The three-year course was later abandoned and for graduation from the Dover High School the completion of a full four-year high school course was required of all students. Manual Training, Domestic Science, Physical Training and Modern Health Instruction have been more recent additions to curricula of the Dover schools. In comparison with the various curricula now offered to its students by the Dover High School our modest two-year course of thirty years ago appears meager indeed. The foregoing sets forth briefly the growth and development of the Dover schools during the past thirty years. What may we expect in the line of educational development during the thirty years to come ? J. Howard Hulsart. Superintendent of Schools in Morris County. I40 DOVER SCHOOLS IN 1922 Roswell S. Bowlby The schools are directed by a Board of Education of nine members elected by the people, and administered by a staff consisting of a super- intendent, four principals, and sixty-one teachers. There are four schools, McFarlan street, with an enrollment of 798; Academy street, 373; Belmont avenue, 478; and Myrtle avenue, 634; making a total enrollment of 2,283 pupils. Work as far as the Fifth and Sixth Grades is carried on in the Academy street and Belmont avenue schools respect- ively. All Seventh Grade work is done on the departmental plan in the McFarlan street school. The Eighth Grade, also on the departmental plan, and all High School classes are housed in the Myrtle avenue build- ing. This is known as the High School building and is a fine structure of which Dover may justly be proud. It is fireproof and modern, being splendidly adapted to meet the needs of the community as well as of the High School. It contains chemistry and physics laboratories, manual training shops, cooking and sewing rooms, a large gymnasium and an attractive auditorium'. Many concerts and civic meetings are held here. Dover is one of the very few towns in the State which have half- yearly promotions. This form of organization was introduced years ago by Dr. J. Howard Hulsart. Pupils who fail in the work of any particu- lar grade are required to repeat the work of one-half year instead of one full year. It is possible for the bright pupils to skip a half-year's work, when they might find it extremely difficult to skip a full year's work. Two forms of classroom procedure much stressed by educators in recent years are the socialized recitation and the project method. These were introduced by former superintendent W. V. Singer. They are widely used in our schools to-day. Nearly all of the elementary teachers are graduates of an approved Normal School and many of the high school teachers hold college degrees. The work of the High School is approved by the State Department and its graduates are able to enter most colleges without entrance examina- tions. Both boys and girls have entered some of the colleges of highest standing, where, with few exceptions, they have done very creditable work. Many have reached high places in business and professions. The High School has made an excellent record in almost every kind of activity that is found in a modern school. In debating it has won several championships. In athletics, its best records were made in football and baseball. It has numbered amon-^ its defeated opponents some of the largest high schools in the State. Many excellent plays and operettas have been presented and several prizes have been won in literary competition. Besides the day school, there are two other types of schools — eve- ning and continuation. The former runs during the winter and its chief feature is the work of teaching English to foreigners. The continua- tion school was established two years ago for all boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 16 who have regular employment. They are required to attend school six hours each week. The enrollment is about 100. 141 Under Dr. Emma C. Clark, the medical inspection of the schools lias become very efficient. A full-time nurse is employed. Miss Lucy D. Coe, the attendance officer, maintains a high standard of attendance, the percentage this year being 93.35. The emphasis by Dr. Hulsart upon punctuality and attendance created a community attitude which still •persists. One of the outstanding features of present-day school interest is the Home and School Association movement. Several years ago, under Mr. Singer's regime, an association was organized in each school. These 'have grown in size and importance and have proved to be very helpful. The forms of service which these associations are rendering are num- >erous. Clothing, shoes, and surgical operations for some of the unfor- tunate ones have been provided. Playground equipment, Christmas parties, and hot cocoa at lunch time are some of the things which are making the modern school pleasanter stnd more healthful. But perhaps the greatest benefits come from the closer relations between teachers rand parents. Visits to the schools are more frequent and parents and teachers are helped to appreciate each other's problems and difficulties. This tends to produce sympathetic co-operation and results in more •effective school work. Members — Board of Education — Emil G. Kattermann, President William Otto, Vice-President Coleridge H. Benedict, Secretary William L. R. Lynd Arthur W. Condict Henry Heiman Estelle F. Totten Lena Dott Allen John D. B. Vreeland Superintendent of Schools — Roswell S. Bowlby Officers — Home and School Associations — Academy Street School — Mrs. Chas. E. Powers, President Mrs. William Herridge, Vice-President Mrs. Harry Mulroy, Vice-President Mrs. Eskel Danielson, Vice-President Mrs. Benj. Cleve, Vice-President Mrs. John Byram, Secretary Mrs. Arthur Longcor, Treasurer Belmont Avenue School — Mrs. W- A. Sellers, President Mrs. R. Bruland, Vice-President Mrs. Chas. MacFall, Vice-President Mrs. Wilson Davis, Vice-President 142 Mrs. Henry Wilts, Vice-President Mrs. Edward Jensen, Secretary Mrs. Edward Northey, Treasurer Central — Mr. Harry Armitage, President Mrs. Max Heller, Vice-President Mrs. Lawrence K. Diffenderfer, Vice-President Mrs. James T. Lowe, Vice-President Miss Minerva Freeman, Vice-President Mrs. R. F. WoodhuU, Secretary Mr. Seth H. Ely, Treasurer McFarlan Street — Mrs. Richard Washburn, President Mrs. Edw. Ackerman, Hon. President Mrs. Clarence Hance, Vice-President Mrs. Clarence Petty, Vice-President Mrs. R. Liftman, Vice-President Mrs. Allen J. Hahn, Vice-President Mrs. C. H. Williston, Vice-President Mrs. J. H. Tillyer, Vice-President Mrs. John Cook, Jr., Vice-President Mrs. Walter E. Howe, Secretary Mrs. John Drake, Treasurer PRESIDENTS OF THE DOVER BOARD OF EDUCATION 1909 — 1922 J. Willard Farrow, M.D., 1909-1915 Coleridge H. Benedict, 1915-1917 Arthur W. Condict, M.D., 1917-1921 Emil G. Kattermann, 1921- DOVER HIGH Air: Sweet Genevieve O Dover High, dear Dover High ! We come to thee from far and nigh; Mt. Freedom, Wharton, Mine Hill vie To fill thy halls, dear Dover High ! O Dover High, dear Dover High! Thy lads and lassies charm the eye; But when their genius burns — O my! The sun's eclipsed by Dover High! O Dover High, dear Dover High! We love thee as the years go by, And when we come to say goodbye ! We love thee more, dear Dover High ! 143 ' ELKS' PRIZE ESSAYS DOVER STUDENTS TELL WHAT FLAG MEANS TO THEM To stimulate patriotism and encourage greater interest in Flag Day each year, Dover Lodge of Elks has awarded prizes to two D. H. S. students in an essay contest open to all high schools, within the juris- diction of the local lodge, including schools at Newton, Hackettstown, Wharton, Rockaway, Roxbury Township and Franklin. All of the essays were gathered from the three counties participating, Warren, Sussex and Morris, and carefully inspected by competent judges, result- ing in Miss Ruth Meyer being awarded first prize of $15, and Stewart Hunter second prize, $10. Members of the Elks* Committee in charge of the essay contest were W. V. Singer, J. J. Vreeland and Andrew M. Ryan. A final report will be made at special Flag Day services in the lodge room. WHAT THE FLAG MEANS TO ME By Ruth Meyer, Dover High School, Class of 1922 "Have you ever stopped to consider what the American flag really means? Most Americans regard it merely as their flag, to be saluted, respected and loved. But the flag is more ; to me it enfolds volumes of history, a depth of meaning. "The American flag is symbolic of the greatest country on earth, of the most democratic population existing and of the most sacred prin- ciples of mankind. "When first the American flag was unfurled, the birth of the nation was proclaimed ; a new nation, a land of forests and fields, undeveloped, unprogressed, in its infancy. Since then, at each step in its progress, at each great development, the flag became more significant. At each war, when the flag was floated, it proclaimed that the American people were joined into one in every battle ; it meant that this country was lined up against its enemies, behind that flag, united powerful and determined. "The flag has always meant a great deal to the people of America, but to the coming generation its greatest meaning was revealed during the World War. We lived while that great historic conflict was raging. History was being made by us, by our generation. To me, at that time, the American flag attained its greatest glory and its meaning was por- trayed in its fullest sense. First, just before our entrance into the war, when international law was being ignored, when our neutrality was being disregarded, when our ships were threatened with destruction and the threats were being carried out by an aggressive and militaristic nation, our flag was being disrespected, and therefore our honor as a nation. Would America tolerate such a condition? Indeed not, but in defense of that flag and that honor, America's name was added to those already lined up against autocracy. Immediately, every dollar, every industry, every conceivable resource was set to work to be utilized in 144 the great cause ; every person gave willingly of his time, his money and his energy. For it is agreed by everyone that either victory or defeat, either restoration or destruction, either freedom or despotism, depended upon whether or not America entered the war. "While our money was rendering priceless aid to our comrades, our army was being trained and all the machinery of war being prepared. At the end of nearly a year, our boys were sent three thousand miles across the ocean, to an unknown land, to horror, to suffering and to death to defend that flag. That is what it meant to me and to every American in the land. When our soldiers arrived and the American flag was planted on French soil, signifying that American soldiers were in the battlefield, it meant victory to us and our friends and defeat to our enemies. Of course, this was not accomplished all at once, but from the time the American flag and all that was there to back it appeared on the scene, the tables were turned. "With the aid and leadership of our well-equipped army, with their unequalled perseverance and grit that all the world admired, yards were gained, and miles, the enemy was forced back and victory was achieved. The nations of the world looked up to our flag vdth prayerful thanks for its great and human work. The flag, and all that it meant, was proclaimed anew, more glorious, powerful, inspiring and everlasting than ever before. For that flag, our gallant youth, the flowers of the great garden of America, were given. For that flag, they left their homes, their happiness and their loved ones and went to answer their country's call, the call of the flag. And for that flag, they fought, they suffered and they died. America will never forget the tribute paid by this incalculable loss. It will ever remain a memory, and a glorious one, in the hearts and minds of humanity. "To-day, perhaps in the busy whirl of commerce, in the hustle and rush of our daily tasks, we Americans do not think of the value of this flag, but lest we forget, let us turn our eyes for a moment towards the thousands and thousands of little iron crosses in the cemeteries of both Flanders and America — ^mute testimony of the tribute paid for that flag. This is the most sacred meaning of the American flag to me. "The country behind that flag is to-day the greatest nation on this earth — in riches, yes, but more important and by all means more worthy, she is the moral leader of the world. That, in my mind, is America's most commendable achievement and in that leadership lies the true basis of her magnanimity and that of her emblem. "All this is what the flag means to me, and in concluding, may that flag, representative of our country, ever be loved and reverenced by mankind, may it be a glorious monument of freedom, protection and justice, in the eyes of all nations, all people, throughout all the ages." PART IV Banks, Newspapers, Real Estate Churches and Cemeteries 147 THE NATIONAL UNION BANK, DOVER^, N. J. By James B. Tonking On the ninth day of March, 1871, George Richards made an application to the U. S. Banking Department at Washington, D. C, to open a National Bank at Dover, N. J. This was made through U. S. Senator F. F. Frelinghuysen. After considerable correspondence, which took up some time, the matter progressed to the point where, on October 17, 1872, the necessary papers were received from Wcish- ington to be executed for organization and, on November 21, 1872, permission was received from the Comptroller to organize with a capital of $150,000. On December 19, 1872, the first meeting of the Stockholders was held and the following Directors were dected. Columbus Beach» George Richards, I. B. Jolley, Isaac W. Searing, Ephraim Lindsley^ Jas. H. Neighbour, Hudson Hoagland, Albert R. Riggs, Alpheus BeeK mer, Richard George, John W. Jackson. The newly elected Directors, then selected Columbus Beach as the first President of the National Union Bank of Dover, N. J. On December 26, 1872, the Comptroller'a approval of the organization was received. On December 27, 1872,, Jay S. Treat of Newark, N. J., was elected as the first cashier. The Bank Building is located at 7 and 9 West Blackwell street,. Dover, N. J., in the heart of the business section of the town of Dover and is conveniently located to care for the interests of a large sur^ rounding territory, including the iron mines, arsenals, furnaces, mills; and factories, not/onjy of the home town, but of adjacent towns of Wharton, Mt. Hope, Succasunna, Kenvil, Chester and other places having large industrial plants, probably representing, all told, a popula- tion of 30,000 people. On January 15, 1873, this building was secured from the Segur Banking interests and possession was given February IS. 1873. While the bank was authorized to start with a capital of $150,000, the same has been changed from time to time to m,eet the new condi- tions which presented themselves. On June 28th, 1892, it was voted to make the capital stock $125000, which has obtained up to the present time. The present capital stock has behind it $250,000 surplus, besides about $60,000 undivided profits. The growth of the bank has been steady and, on referring to records, we find that, April 15th, 1878, the deposits were $97,599.20 and, on May 11, 1922, $4,041,004.13. During the year 1907 it was found that facilities for carrying on the business were inadequate, and plans were commenced for a complete remodeling of the inside of the bank building. In the years 1908-9, the rooms on the third floor and officer on the second floor were renewed and brought up to modern practice; the main banking room was made up-to-date with laminated steel vault, circular door, safe deposit boxes and outside cover of 15-inch concrete walls around the entire vault. 148 It can with confidence be stated that no better facilities for the transaction of business can be afforded the people of this section of our County and State, the bank being prepared at all times to negoti- ate the purchase or sale of marketable securities, such as Government, Railroad or Municipal Bonds, to collect foreign or domestic bills, drafts, or letters of credit, and to transact such business for the accommodation of the public as any well managed institution of this character can undertake. It is a well recognized fact that this bank from its inception has been conservatively managed; in fact, some of its best friends claim for it that it is ultra conservative and, for a Banking Institution, this is one of the best things that can be said of it, as depositors and all people doing business with a bank are interested in having it safe- guarded and protected to the limit. Courtesy to its clients and careful attention to every business transaction for them is the aim of the directors, oflScers and employees. The selection of employees of this bank is largely made from Dover High School graduates and our local business college. Only those of good family and with best recommendation from teachers and principal are considered. These young men are carefully trained in the work and, with proper initiative on their part, should be fitted to fill at a later date high official positions as bankers at home and abroad, if called. It is with pride that the bank refers to the list of splendid, sub- stantial men who have served on this Board of Directors and whose services continued up to the close of their lives, except a few who, for business reasons, decided to sever their connection, owing to removal from this vicinity and press of their private business: Columbus Beach, George Richards, Isaac B. Jolley, Isaac W. Searing, Ephraim Lindsley, James H. Neighbour, Hudson Hoagland, Albert R. Riggs, Alpheus Beemer, Richard George, Henry McFarlan, Josiah Meeker, James W. Brotherton, John W. Jackson, John H. Pierson, Wm. H. Lambert, Thomas Anderson, Samuel Tippett, Fred H. Beach, Leopold C. Bierwirth, Mahlon Hoagland, Jr., Cadwallader R. Mulligan, Rus- sell T. Penniman, Robert Killgore, Elbert H. Baldwin, Emil M. iowenthal, John H. Bonsall. The men who so ably filled the position of President of this bank :since its organization, whose valuable services .are reflected in the •success of the institution are: Columbus Beach, George Richards, Hudson Hoagland, Cadwallader R. Mulligan, Thomas H. Hoagland! The men who served the bank as Cashiers, so ably and efficiently giving the best that was in them, are Jay S. Treat. George D. Meeker, Elbert H. Baldwin, Charles Applegate, William Otto. The men who are guiding the destinies of the bank at the present time and who are domg their best for depositors, stockholders and all interested parties are as follows : Directors— Peter C. Buck, Thomas H. Hoagland, DeWitt R Hummer, James B. Tonking, John Mulligan, Paul Guenther, William' F. Birch, James N. Goodale. 149 Officers — Thomas H. Hoagland, President; Peter C. Buck, Vice- President; William Otto, Cashier; Sanford C. Gerard, Asst. Cashier. In Conclusion, it is proper to state that this bank, like all others, stood by the U. S. Government in the World War, receiving subscrip- tions for Liberty and Victory Loans, made deliveries to the proper owners and acted as safekeepers for the owners of these bonds, all without charge to the owners and subscribers or to the Government. THE DOVER TRUST COMPANY The Dover Trust Company commenced business January ist, 1902, with a capital of $100,000, succeeding the People's National Bank, which began business 1898 with a capital of $50,000. Mr. James H. Simpson was its first President and was succeeded by Mr. I. W. Searing. Its present officers are Edward Kelly, President ; James L. Hurd, Vice-President; E. W. Rosevear, Secretary-Treasurer; C. S. Clark, Assistant Secretary-Treasurer. The following is a list of its Directors : John S. Dickerson E. J. Neighbour Max Heller Robt. p. Oram James L. Hurd , ^ ^ Rosevear Emil G. Kattermann Edward Kellv R°y E- ^ynd Elmer King Reinhard Huettig T. O. Bassett Howard H. King Its present resources are in excess of $3,000,000. This institution has been remarkably successful in the develop- ment of thrift and saving. It has aided in the erection of homes and the general prosperity of Dover and vicinity. It safeguards financial interest, provides adequate security for valuables, advises as to investments by its patrons and friends, furnishing information free of cost to them. It encourages all efforts for the advancement of the general good and recommends accounts by the young. The chief asset of a bank clerk is honesty, courtesy, and willing- ness to serve the public. Studiousness and a desire for greater effi- ciency, a requisite of great value to them. The higher the education attained the better fitted to fill whatever position may be open to them. It is difficult to measure a bank's influence. Absolute integrity is required. Confidence of the public must be maintained. The per- sonnel of directors, officers and employees must be unquestioned. All this the Dover Trust Company has, and sets the highest standard of moral and financial integrity in all dealings with the people and public interest. J50 A trust company has for its depositors, individuals, firms, corpora- tions. It can act as Executor, Administrator and Trustee under wills or by appointment of the Court. It is under strict control and con- stant supervision by the State Department of Banking and Insurance. WASTE NOT, WANT NOT "WASTE NOT, WANT NOT"— how shall we mortals marry I These words to action in our little sphere ? How gather in the wealth they seem to carry. How heed the voice of thrift, the summons clear? Each man, each child may be an engineer Of fortune, as Poor Richard taught of old; The banks were filled with savings in a year. When thrifty Ben this open secret told. "Waste not your substance," said our frugal Bennie; "Don't pay too much for whistles, but put by J"rom day to day a dollar or a penny And so win independence; do not cry And shout aloud, 'We're freemen, free!' — the lie Sticks in your throats when you are slaves to debt ; For freedom must be earned, and this is why Some folks, freeborn, have not found freedom yet." And so the printer's lad became our Moses, Our prophet, leading to the Promised Land; A¥hile others heavenward gazed with upturned noses. He saved his pennies, firmly took his stand Upon this text — "Waste not, want not" ; no grand Ideal of the Future made him blind To common sense, to dollars in the hand. To nearby fortunes that the thrifty find. BEN, we have canonized you lately; many Are making pilgrimages to your shrine ; Your shrewd, plain preaching holds its own with any Taught by rapt seer or eloquent divine. For January 17, the birthday of Ben Franklin. iSi THE NEWSPAPERS OF DOVER By Harry R. Gill We have been told that "a man is known by the company he keeps," and in a great measure, we have come to learn that a town is judged by the newspapers it supports. Since 1869 Dover has not been without a newspaper, On April 1st, 1869, The Dover Enterprise came out as the town's first paper, published by Edward L. Dickerson and Frank N. Lindsley. Tlie type was set in a small shop over the present Dickerson store in East Blackwell street and the forms taken to New York for printing. The Enterprise was a weekly and this farming-out process continued until June I, 1870, when the paper was taken over by W. J. Bruce, a prac- tical printer, who put in a plant and changed the name to The Dover Mail, not a very large sheet, but surely large enough to carry the events as they happened way back in the seventies. In those days the advertisements were more or less in the nature of reading notices and it is more than likely that Editor Bruce gathered his own news, set his own type from the case, and "got out" the newspaper himself. We are also reasonably sure that Dover's pioneer publisher had very little trouble with the "newsies" and that he knew nothing of the blessings of the telephone as the newspaper's greatest friend in the gathering of news. It took a genius to publish a paper in those days — nowadays a fat bank account is the greatest asset. In those days the typesetting machine was only a dream — but those were the days when the versatile printers were made. Now they are specialists, each doing his part in the great organism that groans for lack of time in which to do more and to do it more quickly. To ' -niss the mail" in Bruce's time perhaps gave him little concern. The coming of plate and type- setting machines was to the newspaper office what a copious shower is to the parched soil. In 1870 The Iron Era, founded by Benjamin Vogt, also came into the journalistic life of the community. As a paying newspaper proposition The Era was perhaps the most successful until more recent years. During the regime of the late George Richards, who was recognized as one of the leading political factors of Northern Jersey, The Dover Printing Company was able to pay what was considered in those days a handsome dividend. At that time the late John S. Gibson was its editor, and it has been conceded that Editor Gibson was the ablest newspaper man of whom North Jersey can boast. Editor Gibson went from The Era office to The Newark Commercial- Advertiser and from that time on the career of Dover's strongest paper became more or less checkered. In the meantime Mr. Richards passed away in 1900, with some of those whose political' patronage was neces- sarily withdrawn. In 1875 The Dover Index was founded by Francis F. Hummel and Lorenzo D. Tillyer, upon the discontinuance of The Dover Mail, Mr. Hummel came to Dover from Mauch Chunk in 1874 as foreman 152 of The Mail, under Mr. Bruce. Both Mr. Hummel and Mr. Tillyer are now deceased, but, like Tennyson's brook. The Index goes on for- ever. William G. Hummel, brother of the founder, is the present publisher. In the earlier days of journalism, newspapers had an ambition — for "the most part political — ^more so than now, when profits are more to be desired than a principle fought for. The Era was the Republican mouthpiece and The Index the Democratic. So, on the assumption that temperance or prohibition was a burning issue in the breasts of many, a number of local enthusiasts, known then as "prohibition cranks," formed a stock company, and The Morris County Journal blossomed forth as the noonday sun — one of the very few prohibition papers in New Jersey. Its first editor was James S. Bradbrook, a Free Methodist preacher, who got out its first number in 1890. The publication office was on the top floor of the Alexander Wighton Build- ing, now owned and occupied by James T. Lowe. Of course its income was restricted and consequently its existence was not the smoothest. Editors came and went. Bradbrook was succeeded by Edward Jones, another Free Methodist preacher, who remained at the helm the longest of any of its editors. He was a widower and practically lived in the office, hence a little salary went a long way with him, for he was working for the sake of principle and stuck to the ship as long as he could. Jones was extremely bitter in his writings, but none too strong for some of those on his board of direct- ors. However, he finally came into disfavor and stepped out "on his own hook," equipping a small printing plant in a residence in Sanford street, where he continued to publish his literature in tract form and offered it for public distribution. During this period he was maintained by a few of his friends, who still had confidence in him and the work he was trying to accomplish. Jones was succeeded by Norton Wagner, who came from Scranton. In a short time Wilton R. Capps, now a resident of Newark, succeeded Wagner, but only for a brief period. During his time, however, Mr. Capps attempted for the first time in the history of^ the town to publish a daily paper. He made a noble struggle — ^but he was only a pioneer. The Journal appeared as a daily but for a few weeks. It was a money-loser as a weekly, but more so as a daily. Then along came Rev. David Spencer, a Baptist minister, who had the Ledgewood church as his pastorate. He came from Racine, Wis. Through his forcefulness he was able to form a stock company of such representative business men as William H. and Andrew K. Baker, Martin V. B. Searing, Isaac W. Searing, Charles E. Qark, David S. Allen, Jacob J. Vreeland, Sr., Alex Kanouse and others. The paper was reorganized as The Morris Journal and the company known as The Morris Publishing Company. During this regime Dover was given its newsiest and best printed newspaper. It was all hand- set but, although its patronage was generous, its income was not suffi- IS3 cient and it went into the hands of a receiver. At the sale the paper was taken over by George Richards and absorbed into The Iron Era. The plant was dismantled and taken to Morristown and used for sev- eral months by Morey Bros, in publishing The Daily Record, and later the Morris County Standard, edited by John W. Williams. The Standard was absorbed by the the Morris County Chronicle, and The Standard and Chronicle, in time, were absorbed by The Jerseyman. Editor Gill, of The Advance, got out the first issue of The Daily Record with the old Morris Journal plant, in a shop at the rear of a building in Morris street near the yards of the Mills Wood Working Company. He still has in his possession the first copy of The Record off the press. On March 9, 1903, The Dover Advance first saw the light of day. Harry R. Gill, the present owner and publisher, conceived the idea of a twice-a-week paper while employed as foreman of The Daily Record in Morristown. Before starting the paper, however, because of limited financial means, he took in partnership, with him Oron P. Cole, who was then employed as a compositor on The Dover Index. Together they worked diligently for months building up their a,lready small business, for they had made a new start. Their competitors, The Index and The Iron Era, had been in existence for years. The novelty of a semi-weekly paper seemed to meet with popular approval and the business took on a healthy growth from its inception. Shortly after The Advance appeared. The Index came out as a daily, the second attempt for Dover, and it proved as disastrous as the first, except that its publishers had stronger backing and greater prestige in the community than The Daily Journal had when Mr. Capps attempted it. It was a disagreement over the continuance or the dis- continuance of The Index as a daily that led to the dissolution of part- nership between Hummel and Tillyer, the latter of whom retired from the business and built the Fair Building in East Blackwell street, now occupied by F. A. Rinehart. Failing in this enterprise as a novelty store, he engaged in the newspaper business at Hightstown, where he conducted for several years The Highstown Gazette. The Index was published as a daily for about seven months. In May, 1905, Mr. Cole sold his interest in The Advance to the present owner, who has since operated it personally. In May, 1914, at a chattel mortgage foreclosure sale. The Iron Era and its plant was bought in by Harry R. Gill and absorbed into The Dover Advance. Older residents in the town will rememiber the names of some of the former editors of The Iron Era: Benjamin H. Vogt, John S. Gibson, Frank Everett, Frank J. McDeede (now a surgeon in Pater- son), A. E. C. Mindermann, James E. Williams and Frank E. Porter. 154 DOVER REAL ESTATE I never intended to become a real estate agent, but I find that 1 have been accumulating material that might easily form a history of the growth of Dover real estate. We are sometimes told that there can be no sound where there is no ear to perceive it, no music except as it is performed and heard. Real estate appears to belong in the same class of phenomena. Land becomes real estate when it gets related to human use. Real estate grows or develops as it becomes more intimately or extensively related to the service of man. Hence its historical changes in value as indicated by prices paid at successive periods of time, illus- trated in the case of Dover. The late James H. Neighbour allowed me to have access to his old deeds, maps, and his copy of McFarlan's Descriptions of Dover real estate from 1827 to 1849, ^^ which a methodical account was given of each lot on the principal streets, with area, date of sale and selling price and purchaser. Much of this information may be found in "Dover History," together with the full text of the available deed concerned with John Jackson's real estate transactions, 1722 and 1753, briefly noted in "Dover Dates." Mr. Neighbour told me that Silas Dell is thought to have originated the first detailed map of this region in his endeavors to locate bits of land yet unappropriated. He showed me Silas Dell's map. THE SHOTWELL RETURN From Edward Howell, Civil Engineer, Morristown, I have obtained the following memorandum of the Shotwell Return, which he took from the original record at Perth Amboy. "JOSEPH SHOTW'ELL. S-2-98. May 30, 1745. Martin Ryer- son. Deputy Surveyor. A tract (in Morris County) at the place called 'Quaker Iron Works.' Beginning at a Hickory Sapling marked on four sides, standing in the line of a former survey made for Joseph Latham at the west side of a rocky hill. "First:— I ) N 44d E 30.00 2) S 46d E 3.00 3) S 44d W 29.00 4) N 7od W 3.00 to beginning, containing 9 acres strict. Second : — ^Also that tract of land lying on both sides of the Rockaway River, beginning at a Black Oak tree standing by the south side of said Rockaway River by a point of Rocks distant from the N E corner of the above mentioned lot upon a S 69d E course 99c & J^ from thence N Sid E 40, S 43d E 29, S 13d W 13^, N 78d W 49 to beginning, containing 91 acres and both tracts together contain 100 acres strict." Note that the first place was called Quaker Iron Works previous to 1745. This may mean that the Schooleys, had a forge here at an earlier date. Was John Jackson a Quaker? William Schooley took up land at Millbrook, 171 3. Also note that Joseph Latham had a tract within Dover's present limits, in addition to the tract of 527 acres which he 30ld to John Jackson iri 1722. Possibly John Jackson acquired the land for his forge and dwelling from the same Latham, but we find no record of the deed, as is common for that time. This Shotwell return took in the business center of Dover. The late Frederick H. Beach gave me access to the original books, ■maps, and surveys of the McFarlan estate, going back to the land pur- chases of Israel Canfield, made with a view to mineral rights. These documents were then kept at Morristown in the law office of John Bon- sai!, nephew of Mr. Beach. They are important records of Dover history, and of a still wider territory. Alexander Mott of Rockaway informed me that the entire tract from Turner's Corner (Sussex street) eastward to the first Blackwell street bridge over the Rockaway river (formerly known as "the wading place") was once offered to a certain individual for $500. The man to whom it was offered declined to sink his money in such a swamp as the property then appeared, and said he would buy land where it was worth something. So he bought a farm in Millbrook, which was then the flour- ishing industrial section of this region. No doubt he made a wise choice for his time. Real estate values are made by other considerations than the number of acres in a tract. The canal came. The railroad came. The trolley came. Industries came. Building lots in the rejected tract are now sold at $5,000. Harry L. Schwarz, who has made a lifelong study of Dover real estate, has greatly assisted me in securing accurate data that illustrate the changing real estate values of the past fifty years. But before we take up these later details let us take a brief historical survey, gathering from our "Dover Dates" certain real estate facts, for this book goes to show how New Jersey ever became "real estate." 1497 — The Cabots claimed North America for England by discovery. (This included Dover, of course.) 1607 — Henry Hudson claims New Jersey for the Dutch, by discovery. 1664 — England asserts her prior claim and Charles II grants New Jersey to his brother, the Duke of York. The Duke conveys New Jersey to Berkeley and Carteret. 1674 — Berkeley sold West Jersey to Quakers for f 1,000. 1682 — Lady Carteret sold East Jersey to Wm. Penn and others for £3,400. 1713 — ^Wm. Schooley took up 600 acres at Millbrook. 1722 — John Jackson bought 527 acres at Mine Hill for £5. (about $25). 1745 — The Shotwell Return includes 100 acres of Dover. No price. 1753 — Fitz Randolph bought at Sheriff's sale Jackson's' 527 acres, for £555. Values have risen. J817 — Blackwell & McFarlan introduce a new era in village real estate, making the map of 1825 and laying off streets and selling many building lots. The storv of the corners all along Blackwell street is particularly 156 significant. The four corners of Blackwell and Sussex streets may be indicated as NW, NE, SW, SE. 1827 SW sold to Minton 2,500 sq. ft. $400. Now Killgore. 1827 SE sold to Hurd 5,000 sq. ft. $475. Mansion House. 1835 NW sold to McDavit 7,500 sq. ft. $500. Richards. 1836 NE sold to Hinchman 5,000 sq. ft. $750. Turner. Real estate values progress by epochs marked by certain great causes, such as transportation facilities, industries, growth of popu- lation, cost of labor and building materials, market value of commer- cial products (which depend on how other people are prospering in other parts of the world). Dover's land values, therefore, were successively affected by the changes in modes of travel, and trans- portation from teams and stage coaches to canal (1831), D. L. & W. Railroad (1848), Central R. R. (1880), trolley (1904), and trucks, and automobiles; and by the coming of new industries, as suggested by the following table: 1874 Birch Boiler Works. 1881 Singleton's Silk Mill. 1884 E. J. Ross, Silk. 1890 Kattermann, Swiss Knitting Mill. 1893 Laundry, Qark-Cook. 1894 I'eters' Overall Factory. 1896 Richardson & Boynton Stove Works. 1897 Guenther's Silk Hosiery. 1900 McKiernan Drill Works. 1912 Lackawanna Switch & Frog Works. 1914 Artificial Ice. Hygeia — Crystal. 1915 N. J. Power & Light Company. 1 916 Downs & Slater's Foundry. 1 91 8 MacFall's Factory. Outside industries have aided the prosperity of the town, such as,. 1871, Hercules Powder Company, 1880 Picatinny Arsenal, 1883 Atlas Powder Co., 1891 U. S. Navy Depot, 1907 Wharton Steel Co. — Replogle, Inc. The McFarlan land boom can be traced street by street and corner by comer, and the later industries have left their impress upon the expanding map of Dover, with new streets and new residential tracts. To trace in detail the real estate reaction to each change in transportation and industry would be an extended but illuminating- study. The McFarlan regime lasted about half a century. Then it ceased. McFarlan Park, the pride of the village, was sold and soon all traces of the old gardens on both sides of Blackwell street gave way to the show windows of thrifty storekeepers, the billboards of the- Baker Theatre, the Hoagland Memorial Church. Before quoting the sales which converted McFarlan's Park into- marketable real estate, let us note that Mrs. Losey, further down the street^ sold her vegtable garden to W. H. Goodale for $1,000 in 1850, - 157 and he built on it the first brick building in Dover — Goodale's Drug Store of to-day. When Mr. Goodale asked the little son of Mrs. Losey to tell his mother that $i,ooo was offered for her garden plot .she thought the child was "kidding" her and paid no more attention to it — who would pay such a fabulous sum? Mr. Goodale had to explain later that he really meant it. And in 1872 Leopold D. Schwarz bought the Steel Furnace lot on Sussex street for $2,500 and erected the Central Hotel from the old bricks of the Steel Furnace, this being the second brick building in Dover. To secure a right of way through this Sussex street property in 1880, for the Central Railroad of New Jersey, George Richards made a bargain with Leopold Schwarz, giving him the Old Stone Store (now Friedman's) near the . National Union Bank, in exchange for said right of way. Hence said store on Blackwell street was rated as worth a fraction of $2,500 in 1880. To resume the story of McFai-lan's Park: — the portion from the corner of Blackwell and Warren streets to the Woolworth store near the Baker Theatre was sold to Mayor Pierson for $5,500 about 1885. W. H. Baker bought the rest of it for $8,000. From the Baker purchase 125 feet was sold to the Hoagland Memorial Church for $15,000 in 1899. Every street has its real estate story and of these Blackwell street is the most startling. The Business Men's Association might well devote an evening to swapping real estate stories about Dover's main street. Old Dickerson street, once the Fifth ave- nue of the village, also has a tale to tell. Our new Americans from classic Greece and Italy now delight in the mansions of Dover's "old families." In 1912, the Presbyterian Church (the original name for the Hoagland Memorial) sold its old building and lot on the south side of Blackwell street and opposite its present edifice for $6,500. In 191 1, Edward Jenkins and Price, the photographer, bought a lot (50x120) from Miss Mary Rose for $15,000. In 1922 the lot known as the "White property" (50x100), opposite the Jenkins & Price purchase, was sold for $30,000. It is said that the Killgore corner (25x50) which sold in 1^27 (2,500 square feet) for $400, was sold in 1922 for something between $40,000 and $50,000. Another Blackwell street corner worth noting is that at the north- west corner of Essex street. The late Robert F. Oram had a mort- gage on this lot (50x100) and a small strip (18x50) in the rear, with River street between the two lots. The mortgages were for $3,261.72 and $526.47. At public vendue in 1889 the two lots sold for $3,100. In 1919 this property was sold for $30,000 to Pasqual Nazzaro, who has since sold it at a profit. The property at southeast comer of Blackwell and Warren streets, 158 opposite the Trust Company, was recently sold to Wm. S. White. The price was said to be $75,000. The corner is occupied by a brick building, three stories high. There are six stores on the first floor. Lot 35 xiosJ^. This makes a price of ^.77 a square foot. Lehman's comer (Morris and Blackwell street), was bought in 1902-3 for $19,000 (75x100). Two years before that date it could have been bought for $12,000. All taxes on this property, where bought, amounted to $166. The property was formerly occupied by Sovereign's Mercantile and Savings Association, and by the residence of Sidney Breese. The lot on which Pierson's Clothing Store long stood, sold in 1872- for $6,000 with no building on it. In some such way a table or chart of real estate transactions could be made out and the rise in value of each city lot recorded in chrono- logical order. Then we should have that complete guide to Dover real estate values which I feel myself unprepared to furnish. Besides, my interest in the subject is purely academic. The Trust Company, by the way secured their comer (30x65) for $22,500 in 1912, and have since added a lot (30x35) in the rear for $13,500. With some incidental expenses this brings the purchase price of their property up to $36,000 and more. If we should add to these statistics of commercial real estate the story of the mining properties by which Dover is surrounded — farms and hillsides with "mineral rights" — we should have another chapter of thrilling interest, leading up to the recent gathering up of the old mining lands by Replogle, Inc. There is still another side to our real estate story, and that is the chapter that tells of the many cozy homes for working people of whatever occupation, erected by their thrift and often, in great part, the work of their own hands, aided perhaps by the Building and Loan Association, founded in 1882. This is the real crux of Dover's pros- perity — how can the man or woman of moderate means secure a com- fortable and satisfactory home? Many interesting answers to that question have been worked out in Dover and on all the hills surround- ing the town, where choice building sites become more and more available through the increasing possession of automobiles. The air- plane may yet lead some of our good folks to "mansions in the sky" ,: but, if. you fall short of that, try the vicinity of Quaker Church or Mt. Fem for delightful scenery at an elevation of 800 to 1,000 feet above sea. Or West End Heights and Mine Hill. Low-lying plains; beyond these toilsome heights may be found at Kenvil, with plenty of elbow room. Elycroft on the east is also holding out inducementsi. But I am not an agent. In addition to the above historic facts the following considera- tions may be noted. Real estate values in New Jersey have been notably afifected by a growing appreciation of landscape beauty and picturesque scenery and mrroundings. There was a time when land was valued chiefly for te productivity and this always holds for farming properties. 159 But after the Civil War and especially during the last quarter century, beauty of rural and suburban scenery has become a distinct factor in real estate values — ^witness the developments at Morristown, Summit, Short Hills, Far Hills, Peapack, Lyons Farms, Montclair and numerous modern residential tracts. With the application of landscape gardening and the erection of attractive villas many of the old farms have risen in market value from $60 to $1,000 an acre. Another potent factor in causing such values is the social charac- ter of the community. This may become exclusive or exaggerated; but it cannot be denied that land rises or falls in value by the charac- ter of those who reside on it or near it. Good neighbors are an asset to any man who wishes to put his property on the market. Accessibility to daily work is another consideration. In old times it was a marked feature of our village life, as when Zenas Pruden had his shop at one end of his garden spot and his dwelling at th6 other, at the corner of Morris and Dickerson streets, N. W. With the growth of a great population of commuters to our cities suburban real estate has acquired new value. In a local way it may be noted that Guenther's factory has raised land values to and beyond the Rockaway Township line from about $150 or $200 a building lot to $1,000. The Richardson & Boynton Stove Works has added greatly to the real estate possibilities of , the Baker tract and North Dover as well as other parts of the town. Architectural beauty also enters into ultimate values of residen- tial and even business-block properties. The architectural fitness, vari- ety, harmony and tout ensemble of a village, town, or city creates positive market value. Well designed buildings such as public schools and libraries, churches, banks, municipal buildings, stores and even factories may be so treated, grouped and harmonized as a whole that the general effect is a real asset to all property owners in such a community or neighborhood. I have even heard the remark that if a group of houses that may be seen at one view along a country road were well harmonized in their color scheme instead of seeming to "swear at" one another, the result would bring artistic blessings to humanity if not dollars and cents to the owners. In towns and cities a building commission may do much for the general good. Europe learned this lesson long ago. Our Trust Company Building marks a forward step in Dover. When the post-sewer building craze sets in, then engage a competent architect that a new Dover may rise majestic from the ancient foundations ! The completion of a sewerage .system will be another great step forward in the history of Dover real estate. Sanitation is a founda- tion stone of good living and real estate value. Dover's future, in this respect, is bound up with that whole area which includes New York City and a circuit of fifty miles about it, for which the Russell Sage Foundation is endeavoring to raise up competent constructive advisors. i6o Any changes that our railroads may make in shifting their line of road building will inevitably cause some shift in real estate availa- bility. We are all watching to see which way the Lackawanna will jump when it seeks a better line of traffic through the awkward turn at Dover, going west. The ultimate fate of the Morris Canal is another factor. Dover's diversified and picturesque scenery makes possible build- ing sites in great number, beautiful for situation, and outlook — situa- tions that would cost much more if nearer New York. We are here at the gateway of the Switzerland of New Jersey. Lake Hopatcong is eight miles west of us, and many smaller lakes and ponds dot the landscape of the State as one flivvers through this Schooley's-Moun- tain peneplain of New Jersey. CHURCHES THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH The First Presbyterian Church of Dover was organized in 1835 and held its first services in the Stone Academy erected on Dickerson street by Henry McFarlan, Sr., to serve in part for church use. The first building erected by the Presbyterians was located on land donated by the executors of Henry McFarlan, Sr., on the south side of Black- well street, at the west comer of Prospect street. It was dedicated in 1842. The first building was later moved across Prospect street to the triangle where Totten's Garage now stands. The second building (now used as Arcanum Hall) was erected on the site of the first and dedicated in 1872. Elder J. L. Allen left $10,000 towards the erection of this building, and $5,000 for a parson- age, located on Prospect street, further up the hill. The third and present building, known as The Hoagland Memorial Church, was erected, 1899, on land purchased from Wm. H. Baker, opposite the former site of the old church buildings. The third build- ing (with the land on which it stands) was donated by Hudson Hoag- land as a memorial of his wife, Martha D. Bigelow. These gifts are recorded in recognition of the generosity of the donors. The pastors of this church have been as follows : Rev. James WyckofT 1835-1838 Rev. Robert R. Kellogg. 1838- Rev. Burtis C. Magie, D.D 1839-1876 Rev. William W. Halloway, D.D 1876-igio Rev. Peter McMil,lan, D.D 1910- Previous to the organization of this church prayer meetings had been held in Dover and a Sunday School established in 1816. A series of special, religious meetings was conducted in Dover in 183 1 by Rev. Edwin F. Hatfield, later known as the author of Hatfield's History of Elizabeth, N. J. These meetings, apparently, were a prelude to the organization of the church in 1835. It was "set off" from the Rockaway Church in 1834. GRACE MetfirbfilSt fiP'lSCOf»AL CHURCH The first organized' Meth6d!st society' in Dover was an off-spring from Millbrook Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1838 the first Meth- odist Episcopal dhurt;h iri DoVer was eirdfcted' 6n the' coi^ner df S'dssex arid McFarlan sttSet's; Fof fifty-two years this' church ^odd as the' pride atid honor of Methddism in Dbvef. In I'Sgd this old church #as sdld to H. P. Hopleir, as it had served its day aiid generation and' ' must give plslce to' th6 new. It wds removed to its present site' oh Sussex street and' tiiirhed ihtJo a dwelling hoUse'. It is still ownfed and' occupied by its original purchaser, H. P. Hbpler. On July 23rd, 1890, the cornerstone for the new church was laid. On the 2'8th dky of January, 1891, the new church, now known a-s Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, was dedicated. With few minor changes, this buildiilg has beeri used ftir the' glory of God- for a period of thirty- three ye'ars, and is in good condition to-day. The present membership is about 150. Number on roll in Sunday School, 280 ;, members in the Epworth League, 135 ; number in Ladies' Aid, 40; in Sisters of l^ethany, 28; in Boys' Club, 25; Girls' Club, 85. Tlie pastors' who have served the church sirice 1876 are as follows: W. H. McBride, one year; A. M. Palmer, one year; W; I. Gill, threfe' years; W. H. McCormick, three years; J. R. Daniels, three years;' Fred Bloom, five years; Thomas Hall, one year; S. D. Decker, one' year; W. M. Trumbower, two years; 'W. J. Hampton, three years; J. F. Maehmanj.one yearjM. T. Gibbs, four years ;S. H. Jones, four years; E. V. King, one year; H. P. King, one year; A. B. Fitzgerald, five years ; Nathaniel Brooks',- seven years'; 'Willianri H. Hudson, present' pastor, one year. THE FIRST METHODIST EPiSC'OPAL CHURCH The First Methodist Episcopal Church, like the Grace M. E. Church, dates its organization from the first church building. erected ii* Dover in 1838 oh the cdrft'er' of North Sussex street and McFarlan^ stteet. They removed ffom the" old site an'd put up a stoiie church- in 1872, oil-North Essex street, corner of Bl'ackw'ell street. In 1907 they erected the present large and beautiful stone buildirig on Blackwell street, to which the building of- 1872 becbmes an' annex for the* use of the- Suftd'a-y School-and other purposes. The present pastor is- the Rev.' J.' Fred. Btedenderfet; who sue-' ceeded Rev. Geofge Whitehead, whofMld'wed Rev. Christopher Von Glahn. l62 ST. MARY'S R. C. CHURCH ST. MARY'S PARISH In the matter of church history St. Mary's has set us all ani example by publishing, in connection with its seventy-fifth anniversary^ a pamphlet containing a history of the parish, illustrated. _ In it are shown pictures of the church buildings, higher dignitaries of the church, pastors and others— 23 illustrations, such as every church ought to have. From this pamphlet the following data are obtained., 1774 Earliest record of missions in Morris County. Baptism by- Rev. Father Schneider. 1844 Rev. I. P. Howell visited Dover, stopping with Mr. and Mrs.. William Phillips. Father Dominic Senez of Madison followed^ Mr. and Mrs. Phillips donated ground for a church. 1845 Work was begun on it. Father Senez was pastor. 1847-1867 Father John Callen. Parish School established in base- ment of old church. 1867-1869 Rev. Bernard Quinn. First school building 1868. 1869 Rev. P. Byrne and Father Fitzsimmons. 1870 Rev. Pierce McCarthy. New cemetery acquired. 1873 Cornerstone of new stone church laid. 1878 Rev. James Hanley. 1883 Rev. John A. Sheppard. 1884 Rev. Nicholas Hens. 1885 Rev. Gerard Funke. Brick school and new rectory built. 1908 Rev. Paul T. Carew. 1914 Rev. E. J. Miskela. Sisters' Home built. 191 7 Rev. P. A. Maher. 1920 Seventy-fifth anniversary. ST. JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH Note: — At the time of the seventieth anniversary of St. John's Church a history of the church was published in the local papers. It. was not possible to obtain such a history in 1913 for the "Dover His- tory" and I now include this history in "Dover Dates" the better to- preserve it. — Editor. 1919. The Seventieth Anniversary. On Sunday morning there was corporate communion of the parish;, in thanksgiving to God for His years of care. On Sunday evening the service was in charge of five of the former pastors, the Rev. Messrs.. Butterworth, Butler, Pickslay, McCleary, and Thomson. Special music was rendered at both ?ervices by the choir under the direction of Miss; Mabel Banghart. On Monday evening there was an informal reception to former pastors and communicants in the parish house, to which the local clergy were invited. The townspeople of Dover were invited to attend the anniversary exercises. 163; PARTIAL HISTORY OF THE CHURCH In the month of November, 1849, the Right Rev. George Washing- ton Doane, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of New Jersey, placed the village of Dover under the charge of the Rev. Charles W. Rankin, Rector of St.. Peter's Church of Morristown. Henry McFarlan, Esq., of New York, had in years past manifested, his interest in the establishment of the church in Dover by designating a commanding piece of ground as the site of a parish church and pro- viding a large folio Bible for the use of the minister officiating in that village. His son, Henry McFarlan, Esq., residing in Dover and inheriting his father's spirit, was the first to encourage the revival of the church's work and has been foremost in every labor of love to carry it forward to a successful end. The above, taken from record made by Dr. Rankin, is in brief the tale of the beginnings of the work of St. John's Church which is now keeping its seventieth anniversary. On the evening of the eighth of November of that year the first service was held in an "upper chamber" of the Academy building then located on what is now Dickerson street, where Snyder's restaurant now is. The room could hold about a hundred people and is reported as being well filled. So well was this enjoyed that it was then determined to begin a weekly service, which has been continued ever since. On November 23, the saicrament of Baptism was first administered by the pastor. The three children of Asa M. Clark, George C, Augustus H., and Mary E., were presented and their names are the first entered upon the parish register. The following January it became needful to enlarge the meeting place and a number of repairs were made so that the room might have "a neat and pleasant appearance." Shortly afterward a Sunday School was organized under the superintendence of Henry McFarlan. Because it was not possible to have the services of a clergyman in the morning, no Communion service was held until January 12, 1852, when the Bishop himself officiated. The service consisted of the Litany and Holy Communion and nine communicants were reported. Encouraged by this visit of the' Bishop, the people determined to effect a parish organization and this was done at the first Parish meet- ing, held on February 28, 1862. At this meeting Henry and Charles McFarlan were chosen Wardens and Asa and Henry Phillips, William Losey, Thomas T. Lewis and Joshua Butterworth, Vestrymen. Amon^ the early members of the congregation were many whose names are familiar to all who have traced the history of Dover. McFar- lan, Blackwell, Cooke, Elliott, Richards, Munson, Tippett, Tremain, Stickle, Mott, Jackson, Phillips, Clark, Tonkins, and Green are names known and still to be found in our community. These communicants came from Dover, near Dover, Succasunna, Mt. Pleasant Mine, Rock- away, Denville, Lake Hopatcong, Mt. Hope, Mott Hollow, Mine Hill, Long Pond, Swede's Mine, Iron Dale, Scrub Oaks and Ferromont. r64 St. John's treasures the first prayer book used at this time. This book was used by the first rector of St. Peter's Church in Morristown, Rev. Benjamin Holmes, and its services wefe marked for punctuation and eftiphasis by Rt. Rev. John Croes, who was one of the first bishops of the American Church. It was in continuous use there from 183O to 1849, and when the services were begun in Dover, was presented to the xiew mission by the parent church. The Church grew and prospered and on October iS, 1866, work "was begun upon the present stone edifice upon the plot which Mr. McFarlan, Sr., had promised. His son, Henry, fulfilled this promise "by deeding the land which has become so valuable to the parish, on December i, 1866, for the purposes of a church, rectory, and parish school. The work of building became burdensome to the little congrega- tion, and after foundations were laid the work ceased and services were "continued in the Academy. When Rev. John F. Butterwbrth became rector the project was r*evived and under his energetic leadership the church building was completed and was consecrated by Bishop Oden- lieimer in 1871. The total cost was $15,037.19, a large sum for those days. Dtiring the rectorship of Dr. Wm. M. Pickslay, the present parish ^ouse (since enlarged) and the rectory were built. Much of this work was superintended by Mr. Cadwallader Mulligan, who is still a member 'of the Vestry. St. John's has always evidenced a community spirit and co-operation in movements for the benefit of the town, and for some years the school 'conducted in the Academy was under its jurisdiction. Pupils are still living who studied under the Rev. H. C. H. Dudley, and Piatt's Dover History remarks that documents from the Parish School conducted by Rev. James A. Upjohn constitute a report on education in Dover in 1869. It may be interesting to note that the curriculum embraced Cate- chism, Sunday lessons, Latin, Arithmetic, Spelling, Reading, Gram- Ttnar, Geography, History, Astronomy, Writing, Dictation, Composition, Declamation, Drawing, Vocal and Instrumental Music, and French, ^uite a formidable list when we know that he had only one assistant, Miss Forgus. During the influenza epidemic last year (1918), the Parish, House \iras used by the town as a hospital for those unable to secure medical attention elsewhere. During the years of its life St. John's has had the following clergy as settled pastors : Rev. Charles W. Rankin. .,....*., 1849-1852 Rev. .Charles S. Little. , 1852-1853 Rev. J. B. Berry 1853- Rev. Nathan W. Munroe ,1853-1854 Rev. Charles F. Hoffman 1855-1856 Rev. Francis D. Canfield , . 1856-1857 Rev. H. C. H, Dudley , 1857-1860 i65 Rev. Thomas W. Street. .,.,,, , , , , . . . 1860-1861 Rev. Thomas Margot 1861-1862 Rev. James A. Upjohn. , , , 1863-1869 Rev. John F. Butterworth , , , , , 1869-1871 Rev. Edwfin E. Butler , . , . , 1871^1880 Rev. David D, Bishop 1881-1883 Rev, James B, Mead 1883-1887 Rev. WilHam M, Pickslay , 1887.-1897 Rev. C. R. D. Crittendon 1897-18^ Rev, C, Harvey Hartman , . , i898''i904 Rev. Edgar E. Brooks , , 1904-1908 Rev. James A, McCleary 1908-1912 Rev. Robert J. Thompson, . , 1912-1914 Rev. Walter E. Howe 1915- After his return from Germany, where he represented the Amer- ican Church for a Jong period, Dr, Butterworth was elected Rector Emeritus, His death occurred May, 1921, Walter E. Howe. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH Corner of Richards Avenue and Union Street The first meeting which led to the organization of the First Baptist Church of Dover was held in Bennett's Hall on Blackwell street, Fqb« ruary 212, 1892, under the leadership of Rev. W. H- Shawger, pastor at Netcong, and Wm. H. Morey of Dover, The prganization of th^t church was completed on September 18, 1893, by request of thirty-* nine members of the Netcong Baptist Church and residents of Dover who withdrew froni Netcong, with deacons and trustees as follows; Deacons — 'Obadiah Parker, Sr., Charjes Parker, Peter Swayze; Trustees— James H. Rhone, Eugene Ayres, Thomas Headland, Wm, Morey. Clerk and treasurer, Wm. Morey, The laying of the cornerstone of the church building took place on Sunday, P. M., December i, 1895, Rev. David Spencer, D',D., giving the address and laying the stone. Dedication of the church edifice took place on Sunday afternoon, April 5, 1896. Dedication sermon waa preached by Rev. D. De Wolf, superintendent of missions, of Newark, Rev. E. 0. Wilson was appointed pastor in 192 1, Pastors of the Church : 1 i Rev. W. H. Shawger 1893- Rev. Melvin Shelford 1902-1904 Rev. John H. Earle 1904-1906 Rev. Robert Gordon 1906-1908 Rev. John A. Cortright- , . . • ■ • ■• ■• 19D8-1910 Rev. T, J. Winslade, Ph.D., , , 19JO-J918 Rev. F. P. Bemensderfer ,..,,....... 1918-1920 Rev. Edwin O. Wilson 1921- t66 CHRYSTAL STREET CHAPEL Trom Mrs. Stephen A. Broadwell (Rachel A.) I have obtained the' following information about the Chrystal Street Ghapel. On November i6, 1879, Mrs. Alexander Searing (Jane), residing m the Mi^sjfinary Institute at Nyack, N. Y., a training school, undenominational and int^d^i^Lp^^nati.onal, fatnjided by ^f Ta|e Rev. A. B. Sjbnpso^, P.D.,, a Presbyterian minister pf Npw Yprtc City and Canada* The society has 350 missionaries in ^ghteen mission fields. The Swedish Methodist Church has ceased to bold services. The • me^^ers ha;^, for ^ ^Qst if^jrt, jpined tfee qiher Methodist churches ifL ^owp. The buiJLcl^pg whip^ tb^y gnce pccupied pn Jlijdson street is. now rented to tlie Christian Ajliagce, whpse p^stpr i;S Rev. Paul QMfis^ The Salvation Army has carried on in Dover since about igQiau. Their Captain noiy is Arthur Wqodn^ aiyi they occupy a newly fitted- up Chapel at 14 South Morris street, next to liie playhouse. They conduct a Sunday School numbering 150 to 175. Tfeey plan to equip the top floor of their building as a public gymnasium." They have an Advisory Board : Albert Sedgman, Chairman ; Eugene L. White, sec- retary ; Edward Jenlcjns, treasurer ; William F. Birch, Paul Guenther, q^j-fes N. Pplaski, Wilfeip S. White, R. F. WoodhuU, Emil Katter- nianp, ^nd Jol^n Ppce. The Q^j?J.es A. M- E- Missipji has feefn holding religious services, in the Annex of the Northside School. The Mt. Zion Baptist Church has been holding services in Youngle- son's Hall for about four years. There are in Dover about twenty-five disciples of Pastor Russell! of Brooklyn. They take the nam^e pf InterniitignaJ Bible Students, and meet "for Bible study. Adath Israel of Dover, New Jersey, Inc., is the name of the Orthodox Hebrew CongregatsaB that meets Friday evening and Satur- day nv3.rning apd eye^ing j^ ti(j? hftll pv^r Pierspa's Oothing Store, 6 West piac^well street, gervices. are hdji in Hebrew. The society was organized October 18, 1917, with thirty-two charter members and the following offieeFs; Barney Harris, president; Rev. Solomoa Nimoityn, vice-presid^t ; Qiarles Harris, treasurer; Milton Goldman^ MINE HILL The Mine Hill Presbyterian Church has been associated with the First Presbyterian Church of Dover in such a way that it may be allow- able to include a notjce of it in this hook of Dover and vicinity. In the Magie history of Dover churches we learn that Welshmen employed in the mines of Mt. Pleasant and Mine Hill u^ed to assemble for religious service in 1850, led by a Welsh preacher, John R. Jenkins. Mr. Jenkins removed later to Ohio. In 1859, this Welsh congregation united with the Dover Presbyterian Church. In 1869, twenty-eight members of the Dover church withdrew to constitute the Welsh Presby- terian Church of Richard Mine, and Rev. John R. Jenkins, returning from Ohio, became their pastor. Meantime Pearce Rogers had conducted religious services in the schoolfaouse_ at Mine Hill, with a Sunday School superintended by David Jenkins. The pastor of the Dover church often preached there. In 1874, tw«nty-foiir members of the Dover church withdrew to consti- tute the Presbyterian church of Mine Hill, Rev. Pearce Rogers, was regularly installed as pastor, September .22, 1874. A church edifice was erected and, iji the summer of 1879, dedicated free of debt. Mr. Rogers continued as pastor until his death, January 8, 1893. The Mine Hill church was under the care of Dr. Halloway of Dover, for a time, who arranged for religious services there. Hilliard Gafe preached here for a time. Rev. Mr. Todd was pastor for a brief tjrae. Then Rev. Theodore F. Chambers became the pastor, conducting services also in Luxemburg and Berkshire Valley. The present pa-stor. Rev. George MePherson Hunter,, was installed, September, 1917. Mr. Hunter has written short stories published in various magazines and is the autlior of the following books: Morning Faces, When I Was a. Boy in Scotland, and Gardens of Green. In considering how best to secure information about our churches, I first thought it would be well for the ministers' club, if they had one, to take up the matter, collect data, and appoint one of their number to write a diiscourse-on The Function of the Church in the Development of This Community — or any community, for that matter. But this has not been done. If' you want to hear from the clergy, attend any church in Dover. I am doing the best I can in the circumstances, as a mere layman. But I want something besides statistics and dates to represent "The Function of the Church," of Religion, in the upbuilding of com- munity life. To fill' this gap my historical poem on Mine Hill Church, in commemoration of their pastors, may do duty, although not written for this purpose; and its concluding summary of a sermon by Mr. Chambers, may serve as the utterance of the clergy, for which I was seeking, upon this theme. 17° MINE HILL CHURCH LANDMARK seen from afar, stands Mine Hill Church on the hilltop. Lifting its spire to the sky, a beacon light of the Gospel. Here vras a mining town, the Dickerson Mine and the Byram Made it a busy place, the folk were numbered by hundreds. 5 Men from Cornwall and Wales came over the ocean to labor Here in these New World mines and delve for iron in our hillsides ; Men whose sires were skilled to garner deephidden treasure, Iron and coal and tin — shrewd men with a lineage hidden Far back in times when daring Phoenician seamen and traders lo Sought for the Briton's tin to mingle with copper, so making Weapons of bronze and utensils better than those of their fathers. Better than wood and stone, for betterment comes with the ages. Long ago were those days when the mystic relics of Stonehenge, Huge, unshapen stones, were marshalled in order mysterious ; IS Long ago were the days, when, deep in the forest, the Druids Ruled those tribes of the dawn, whose hearts were thrilled by the awesome Gloom of the ancient oaks of the wood with wide-spreading branches. Gleam of the glittering stars of the sky, that change with the seasons And by the still, small voice of a Spirit within them and o'er them, 20 Round about them, creative, life-giving, earth-shaping, heaven- ruling. From those far-away days we come to the church on the hilltop, Landmark seen from afar, the Mine Hill Church where the pilgrim Miner folk of these hills, strong men and women and children. Met for worship when Dominie Rogers stood in that pulpit. 25 Godfearing men they were and here they builded their temple, Lifting their hearts to the God of light who rules in the heavens, Building their lives on his gospel truth, revealed by the Saviour. Heartily they rejoiced in their new built church on the hilltop ; Thronged was the house of God — four hundred gathered to worship, 30 Led by their pastor beloved, Pearce Rogers, son of a miner. Miner himself, for gold, then teacher and preacher and head man Over the Millen Mine: he knew the hearts of his people. Knew their ways and their work, their trials, sorrows and hardships. He was a Cornish man, but he knew the Welsh and their country, 35 Knew how to comfort his flock with solace drawn from the Scrip- tures, Not so learned in books as in the life of his people. Skilled in the winning of souls, more precious to him than hid treasure. Who are the folk who have met in days gone by at this altar? What are the names of those who have rallied so long with their children ? 171 40 In this house of God to hear His word, sing His praises Cornish names we find, and mingled with them are Welshmen — THOMAS and JENKINS and BRAY, and CURNOW and ENNOR and WILLIAMS, BATH and POWELL and WHITTEMORE, TONKING. TREDINNICK and others, MARTIN, MILLEN and BASSETT— but who can tell all the faithful? 45 Music-loving, fervent, eloquent, orderly, steadfast; Not much given to waves of excitement, but holding the standard Ever aloft, though few were their numbers and short were their purse-strings. David Jenkins, a genuine Welshman and Elder beloved. Founded the Sabbath School, the righthand man of his pastor. 50 Head of the Byram Mine was he, well versed in his calling. Knowing the working of ore and how to deal with his workmen. Caring most for the Kingdom of God, for treasure in heaven. Rogers and Jenkins, they stood shoulder to shoulder as brothers, Pillars, upholding the Church, with hearts of zealous devotion, 55 Seeking and finding the truth divine of the Holy Scriptures As strong men who think for themselves and cherish the wisdom Found in that grand old book, the treasure-trove of the ages. Soon came the long, lean years, when panic reached to these hill- tops. Years when the mines shut down and the iron foundries of Dover 60 Ceased from their wonted toil, when plenty failed and dread hunger Drove men forth from their homes to seek their fortune wherever Work could be found. First the younger men, lighthanded, light- hearted. Had to go out and find for themselves, as their fathers before them, Where the world had need of their young blood, vigor, and courage, 65 Founding new homes and learning new trades, if need be, but keeping, Deep in their hearts the love of the old folks and cherishing ever Memories of the faith and love that nourished their childhood. Now, when the time drew near that many must go from this parish, Dominie Rogers bade them assemble and hear from this pulpit 70 Words of kindly farewell and admonition and counsel. Taking his text from Job, he preached an old-fashioned sermon. Canst thou bind, said he, the Pleiades fast in the heavens? Freely they wander from zone to zone like the wandering miner. Seen in all parts of the world and shedding sweet influence — like them 75 May you be where you go. I ask you then to look upward. Find these stars in the sky and see them shining above you, Just as they shine to-night — ^then think of father and mother. Think of the Church on the hill and say, "God bless you and keep you !" 172 So he touched their hearts, He loved the stars and observed them, 80 Searching the sky with his glass, as their gleaming hosts shone in glory, Clearly seen from his house on this wind-swept, heaven-kissed upland. Far, 'neath the southern skies, a lad from that number, years after. Driving his engine up the Chilean slopes of the Andes, Leaning far out from his engine cab, saw, shining above him, 85 Brighter than ever, that wandering cluster, the Pleiades, shining. Cheered was his lonely heart at the sight and he greeted them gladly, "God Mess the Mine Hill Church !" he cried, as he climbed the great mountains. So, from hillside and glen, the young men went on their travels ; Older men, with homesteads fixed and upspringing households, 90 Stayed and found some wiay to keep things going ; a remnant Clung to the once-fiHed Church with ever-stedfast devotion. ' So, fpr a score of years, Pearce Rogers preached from this pulpit. Then his voice was stilled, his work for Mine Hill was finished. When Pearce Rogers was called to his rest, when ended his labors, 95 Doctor Halloway then, of Dover, for a brief season. Took us under his wing and brought us teachers and preachers. Hither came Hilliard Gage, a stripling then, full of promise, Bringing the word of truth as taught in the School of the Prophets. Elders Meeker and Ross from Dover Church put their shoulders 100 To our chariot wheels — their memory lingers among us. Parson Todd, for a time, upheld us. Then Dominie Chambers Took his place in the line of Apostolic Succession. When to the little flock of stedfast souls on the hilltop Dominie Chambers became shepherd of souls, but a remnant 105 Yet remained of those who had filled the church to the doorways. "Hold fast !" now was the word, as Doctor Halloway put it, When he preached on the hill at their twenty-fifth anniversary. "Hold fast that which thou hast — no crowded meetings await you. Here is no stately dome, no splendor of rites or of riches. no Staying power is the test of faith and devotion and valor — Sheer, unconquerable grit that stands by its guns undefeated When the first glad cheers give way to the shock of the combat." Such were the words of greeting that Doctor Halloway uttered When to these wild, rough hills his brother pastor he welcomed. 115 Here for eighteen years, with quiet courage and patience, Dominie Chambers stood at his post and preached the pure Gospel. Preachers, like works of art, are different, not a mere copy One of the other, and so the flock may thrive by the changes Brought about by time and Providential disposing. 120 Son of a scholarly sire, of metropolitan nurture, Versed in the lore of the schools, in art, in science, in letters, Delver in genealogical mines, a local historian. m Parliamentarian apt, in councils auguSt pfesbyterial, Weighing with critical judgment and philosophical insight 125 Arguments pro and con, and holding fast to the better, Dominie Chambers made his mark, a man of broad culture. Teaching by what he was, a man withal who could cherish Friendships rooted deep, heartening, cordial, and lasting. Not as a man of the mines, a miner to fellow miners, 330 Spake he to his flock, as did his good predecessor; Times had changed and he wrought among a new generation. Those who knew no birthplace beyond the billowy ocean. Growing to manhood here, and womanhood, speaking our language, Taught in American schools, and seeking other vocations, 135 Learning other ways than those of their fathers, the pilgrims — These, the upspringing race, confronting new times and new notions, Found in Dominie Chambers a leader and guide, an instructor. Well abreast of his times, yet holding fast to the Saviour, 140 Steering by that Pole Star and never swept from his moorings When the clear, firm faith that cheered the fathers was challenged. Let me tell you now of a sermon that Dominie Chambers Preached in his time : it pleased a friend and the sermon was printed. So that we have his words: already I've told you the story 14s Of one sermon preached in this Church — the Pleiades sermon, Preached to men who were leaving their homes and the Church on the hilltop. Found in the ancient psalms, the text is now "A Church-goer" — One who went up to the house of the Lord and worshipped with gladness , When the tribes went up to praise the Lord in Mount Zion. 150 Climbing a hill was then a prelude to worship, a lifting Up of the eyes to the heights, a drawing nearer to heaven. Breathing a finer air with exhilaration of spirit, Taking a wider view of life, rejoicing with others In the name of the Lord, the fountain-head of thanksgiving. 155 Can we catch to-day, with all our inventions and progress — Can we feel and value aright the perennial freshness Of those age-old lyrics of worship sung on Mount Zion? Human hearts were then as deeply thrilled, as responsive To "the joy of the Lord" as now and uttered their praises 160 In as noble a song as any latter-day choral Sung by a tuneful choir : we still repeat the old anthems, Learning from ancient bards to join in hymning the goodness, Loving kindness and mercies untold of God our Redeemer. So the bid tribes went up — Judah and Benjamin, joining 165 With their brethren — never so mighty, so glad, so united As when they met in the Mount of the Lord and sought for his blessing. When on their waiting hearts the spirit descended, they cherished 174 Memories of such hours as life's most precious possessions. Is there still a way for us to seek and to find Him? 170 Are there heavenly gates that we may enter and stand there Rapt in ecstasy keen as theirs, with faith as well founded ? Yes, we may come to His house, may enter His other-world portals, Not forgetting our work-a-day life, the duties that bind us Close to our fellowmen, the human ties that unite us, 17s Like the tribes of old, in brotherhood— union ennobling! Could all nations be led to one great Mount of Assembly, Join in anthems sweet of brotherly kindness and worship, Lift united hearts in prayer and praise to their Maker, 180 Where were then the strife, the envy, bloodshed, and hatred Century-old — the curse that haunts man's history ever? Eray for a City blest and well-compacted together. Whither the tribes go up, where thrones are set, thrones of judg- ment. Pray for the peace that reigns within the portals of Zion, 185 Pray for the Coming of Him whose Word of Peace is Hope's anchor. Then shall this world return as the wandering Dove came to Noah, Then shall the tribes of Earth be glad indeed when the Spirit, Gift of Pentecost, shall dwell in the hearts of God's Children. Such was the faith that was preached from this pulpit by Dominie Chambers, 190 Leading his folk to the Mercy Seat of God our Redeemer. Written for the Memorial Service of January 30, 1921. 175 CEMETERIES There are persons who remember that there was once a burying ground on Morris street, just about northeast of Ford's Pond. This was done away with after the Dover Cemetery Association was organized in 1854 under the Act of 1851. Wilham Young, the baker, of Dicker- son street, had acquired a garden plot at the end of Orchard street. When the Cemetery Association wished to acquire his garden plot to be a part of the new cemetery, he relinquished it in exchange for two lots on Orchard street. The "first voters" of the new association were John Sandford, Sidney Breese, Samuel Searing, Moses Hurd, Jabez Mills, Titus Berry,, William A. Dickerson, Zenas Pruden, Jacob Segler, Aaron Doty, Byram . Pruden, Cornelius B. Gage, William Ford, Edward T. Thompson, Henry D. Tuttle, Jabez L. Allen, James H. Neighbour. William Young was made president. At the present time (1922) A. Judson Coe is president, and Lyman M. Smith is secretary-treasurer. Locust Hill Cemetery Association was incorporated July 27, 1867. Wm. W. Sickles has been president since 1902. Lawrence R. Hancy is vice-president and Harry R. Gill, treasurer. The ground was form- erly occupied in part by the Kelso family for their residence and garden. The place was known as Kelso Hill. One of the earliest graveyards about here was that of the Quakers at Lampson's farm (1748) where there is now an apple orchard. The graves, in accordance with Quaker custom, were not marked. All the dead were laid to rest on terms of perfect equality, as far as the arrange- ment of burial ground was concerned. A new burying ground was laid out back of the new meeting house of 1758, about a mile west of the one on Lampson's farm. Here, too, the graves showed no names marked on headstones. But Mr. James Brotherton knew the name of each "by heart." When he passed away the knowledge of names and locations was lost. To care for the meeting house of 1758 and the burying ground back of it "The Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association of Ran- dolph Township" was formed on 6th mo., 28th day, 1898. The Trustees are at present: Eugene A. Carrell, president; Fred Hance, secretary; Charles H. Brotherton, treasurer; Henry Alward, Wheeler Corwin, E. Bertram Mott, Thomas Baker. 176 THE MT. SINAI CEMETERY ASSOCIATION The Dover Hebrew Society was organized in 1882 with ten mem- bers, as follows : L. D. Schwarz, George Feder, Wm. Simon, M. Kings- burg, S. Battlestein, D. Less and H. Heiman of Dover; A. Kaufman of Rockaway, George Harris of Boonton, and B. Fogelson of Stanhope. A Sunday School was organized by the Society with twertty-two children enrolled. The average attendance was tweftty, that of the Dover children bein? 98 per cent. The Society was in existence until December 14th,. 1886— -four years; after which most of the original members had moved away from Dover. There are now left but two of the original members — ^Wm. Simon and H. Heiman. In 1897 the Dover Hebrew Literary Society was organized with ten charter members, as follows: S. Heller, Wm. Simon, H. Rassler, C. Polasky, J. Lowrie, L. Shreur, P. Livingston, L. Livingston, and H. Heiman. A few months later the members'hip was increased to twenty. In May of the same year the Society gave its first strawberry festival, which netted a fine profit. In February, 1898, the Society held its first anniversary, which netted $110.03. ?n May of the same year a deposit of $175 was made in the Dover bank. The treasurer's report in July showed -receipts $311.37 and disbursements $109.66, leaving a balance of $201.71. Part of the disbursements were for aid to poor families, amongst whom were some of other faiths. In September, 1899, the Society bought about two acres of ground for a cemetery, for which was paid $250. Over $350 more was spent on improvements^ In May, 1898, when the United States called out our boys for service in the army, the Society was the first to appropriate $50 to assist the families who were in need of help. In September, 1899, the name of the Dover Hebrew Society was changed to the "Mt. Sinai Association." In 1904 the Association donated $75 to the Kishineff relief fund and also helped many families who were in need. The officers of the Association are: Henry Heiman, president; Abram Schoenbrun, vice-president; William Simon, treasurer, and Alexander Davis, secretary. PART V Military Organizations 178 HYMN FOR INDEPENDENCE DAY Lo ! 'tis the morning when Liberty rose, Qaiming her birthright, my Country, in thee; Liberty, child of a world's mighty throes. Gift of the Father, who reigns ever free. Far, from the East, see her banner advance, Bright with the life-blood of heroes of old. Fair with the hopes of the day's cloudless glance. Gleaming with light from night's lamps manifold.. Welcome, glad welcome, from ocean's wild wave! Here plant thy banner our coasts to defend ! Welcome, glad welcome our forefathers gave; Blessings for aye on our children descend! God of the nations, to Thee is our prayer ; Be Thou our helper, our guide evermore ; Grateful, we praise Thee ; O let us still share. Share in Thy smile, as our fathers of yore. God of the nations, we pray not alone For the young land that our forefathers knew; Far may Thy kingdom of mercy be known. Wide as the sweep of Thy heaven's own bluet 179 MILITARY The Colonial and early wars of our country have been fully recorded in other books, accessible in our Public Library, such as Stryker's "Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War," and Munsell's History of Morris County (1882). Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D.D!, of Rockaway, gathered up the Morris County traditions and local legends of the French and Indian War and the Revolution. Upon his work, chiefly, are based the "Ballads of New Jersey in the Revolution," which narrate many of these stories of Morris County, In "Dover Dates" we are giving material not published before. Alonzo B. Searing tells how, as a boy, he used to walk from his home in Millbrook to attend the military parades held then in Succa- sunna on patriotic holidays. There he would hear the orators of the day and see three veterans of the War of 1812 ride in the procession,, which was lead by a venerable veteran carrying on a pole a Liberty Cap' of red, white and blue. The three veterans of 1812 were Byram Pruden, James Ford, andl John D. Sickles, father of our veteran fireman, Wm. W. Sickles — all o£ Dover. General Winfield Scott, of the Mexican War, resided in Elizabeth, N. J., and there the author of "Dover Dates" has seen him ride out on horseback or in a carriage drawn by a handsome pair of grays. My grandfather was his family physician and I have dazzling recollections of a brilliant "party" at the old mansion, which I attended when a child. But in time the old mansion stood empty and deserted. We boys used to climb up on the back porch roof and enter the second story windows, roaming about the vacuous rooms, almost fearing to see the old General appear before us. We raised terrific warwhoops to keep up our courage. But the echoes died away in desolation. Sic transit gloria mundi. His mansion is now well preserved as one of the historic land- marks of Elizabeth. THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC July 19, 1881, the Dover veterans of the Civil War instituted the Major Anderson Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, naming it in honor of the loyal commander of Fort Sumter. In a few years the name was changed to "James McDavit Post," in honor of James Mc- Davit of Dover, who was killed, at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, while binding up the wounds of his commander. Captain Thomas J. Halsey. There were twenty-eight charter members of the Post, of whom three now survive — George H. Wolfe, James Brannin, and A. B. Sear- ing. The Post now numbers sixteen members, who meet in March, June, September, and December, on the second Friday of the month, having the following officers : E. G. Rockwell, Commander; A. B. Sear- ing, Adjutant; and John Burrell, Quartermaster. t8o Alonzo B. Searing has long been the recognized historian of Dover's part in the Civil War of the sixties. Many will remember his patriotic addresses to our schools on Memorial Day occasions and the unaffected eloquence with which he has told of Dover's share in preserving the Union. "The History of the Eleventh New Jersey Regiment," by Sergeant Thomas D. Marbaker, of Trenton, formerly a resident of Dover, contains material furnished by Mr. Searing, relating to men of Dover who served in that regiment. It has long been the wish of Mr. Searing's heart that a fitting monu- ment should be erected by Dover and Randolph Township to the soldiers of all wars from the Revolution to the present, and this wish was expressed by him and others on our last Memorial Day, when the statue for the soldiers of our late war was unveiled in Hurd Park. An extract from a poem by our fellow townsman, Uzal Newton Crane, well expresses the sentiments that have long been cherished by our Memorial Day Exercises in honor of the Grand Army of the JRepublic. OUR FALLEN HEROES Cover their dust with the brightest flowers blooming, .; Affection so deep the cold worid has ne'er known; 'Twill live in some hearts till Time, ail-consuming. Effaces all epitaphs graven in stone. Children unborn shall yet rise to succeed us. And heap up new honors where sleep the brave slain, Who saw but decay where disunion would lead us. But Liberty's tomb when our land lay in twain. Deck ye their dust! the dire conflict is over. The warriors are mute to the madness of war ; Peace, like a halo, around them doth hover. She beams in our skies as a bright polar star. Strewn be their beds with floral profusion, From Green Mountains down to the stormy Gulf -side. They gave not their lives to giddy delusion, ' ' ', Nor mighty ambition, as monarchs have died. Theirs was the task which the right ever urges. Incumbent on all loyal men to uphold — ■ Strewn be their graves from Atlantic's long surges To far California's famed flowers and gold ! : I Soft be the dirge o'er the soldiers' low pillows, ^ Bright the banners that wave while the blossoms ye strew ; Firm as the rocks by the storm-beaten billows May the North and the South stand united and true! May, 1878. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, 1898 From a tattered copy of "The Morris Journal," of May 5, 1898, we glean a few facts about Dover in the Spanish-American War. This information is eked out by a little pamphlet, "Roster and Addresses of the Second New Jersey Volunteer Infantry in the Spanish-American War, 1898," printed at Paterson, N. J. The Dover men belonged to Company M, having the following officers: Captain, Edward L. Petty; First Lieutenant, John W. RoflF; Second Lieutenant, Ernest W. Goodell; First Sergeant, Adelbert P^ McDavit; Quartermaster Sergeant, Warren Surnburger; Sergeants, Charles F. Roderer, Arthur D. Kelly, Ernest C. Dalzell, John Koerferl. With the Dover men were a few men from Morristown and other places, making eighty-five privates and twenty-five others — officers, corporals, artificer, wagoner, and musicians. The Regiment Adjutant was Captain John T. Hilton of Paterson, N. J. The Colonel of the regiment was Edwin W. Hine of Orange, N. J. A "Brief History" included in the Roster informs us that this regiment was organized in Passaic, Bergen, Essex, and Morris Counties, with headquarters at Paterson. It arrived at Sea Girt, May 2, 1898, and was mustered into the United States service May 13, 14, and 15, 1898. Left Sea Girt, June i, 1898, and arrived at Camp Cuba Libre, Jackson- ville, Fla., June 3, 1898. Was assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division, Seventh Army Corps, commanded by Major General Fitzhugh Lee. Remained at Camp Cuba Libre until September 2, 1898. Owing to the large number sick with typhoid fever the regiment left Florida, September 20, 1898, and arrived at Sea Girt, September 22, as per orders from the War Department, to be mustered out. The regi- ment was finally mustered out November 17, 1898. On Monday, May second, Company M left Dover for Sea Girt. The streets were early astir with people. Flags were flying. Photog- raphers and amateurs were taking pictures. At the armory, soon after eight o'clock, the men fell into line and the roll was called. Chaplain McCormick, in behalf of William S. Collard, presented a beautiful American flag. Three cheers were given for the flag, three for Company M,. three for Captain Petty, three for the officers. Captain Petty then called on Dr. David Spencer for a parting word to the Company. He based his remarks on the name "Company M," of which he made an acrostic. i C is for Country, the whole country. O is for Obedience. M is for Mettle. P is for Patriotism. A is for American, the American continent, which takes in the United States and Cuba, too, for right and humanity. N Notable. You are a notable Company. Y Yankee, which used to stand for excellence, as "A Yankee good soldier." ' M stands for Manhood. You comprise the manhood of Dover. 1- :i82 The Armory was a large building, once used as a skating rink, occupying the ground where Birch & Basset's garage and the "Index" office now are, on Essex street. Here Company M had been accustomed to meet and drill before the war was thought of. The line of march from the armory was led by the Enterprise Band, followed by Chief of Police Hagan and assistant McElroy, McDavitt Post G. A. R. was the escort of honor. It was a fine sight to see the veterans of '6i with their magnificent Post flag, leading off the "boys of '98." Then followed the Dover Council No. 6, O. U. A. M., and a large concourse of citizens with Mayor Pierson in the front line. The route taken was out Essex to Blackwell, up Blackwell to Warren, up Warren to the depot. Farewells were soon spoken. The 9 45 train was taken. Attached to it were two cars of the Pennsylvania Railroad on which Company M v/ere to go through to Sea Girt. The train was in charge of Conductor James McKay, engineer Michael Dunn, fireman Michael Duy, with Fred Stager, Al Weaver and Ed Streeter as members of the crew. With the American flag in front and the American and Cuban flags in the rear the train moved out amid tears and cheers, the music of the band and the waving of flags, hats, and handkerchiefs. In connection with the departure of Company M the incident of the peanut stand, recalled by many, caused great excitement. A for- eigner who kept a peanut stand on Warren street by the Baker Building, when he saw the men of Company M marching in the street, said that he hoped they would never live to return from the war. This was afterwards acknowledged by the man. Mr, W. H. Baker ordered him to remove his goods from the cellar of the Baker Building. Mayor Ferdinand Wolfe ordered him to remove his stand from the street. Eventually some of the young men and boys in town battered clown his stand and burned it as Company M was marching by to the railroad station. The offender escaped. While the Dover men saw no active servi-e in the war of i8g8, they received drill and experience of camp life. This military drill and expe- rience came into play later in a way never anticipated at the time of the Cuban war. Lieut Rofif of Company M organized a company of bpya and young men, entitled The Hoagland Guards, whom he drilled in the rooms of the Hoagland Memorial Church. Many of those who received this instruction became officers in the war of 191 7, and took part either in the operations of the regular army or in drilling our Home Defense companies, as shown in their history. Others, not in the Hoagland Guards, but having been drilled in 1898, helped drill the men of 191 7. Thomas J. Conlan, David W. Heiman, and A. P. McDavitt helped organize our first Home Defense League, and Obadiah S. Parker, Jr. served as Second Lieutenant of the Militia Reserves throughout the war of 1917-19. The columns of "The Morris Journal" contain poems, expressing the sentiment of the time. We quote the following stanzas from a poem by Peter Egbert Galligan of Boonton: i83 THE MARCH OF THE FR]fcE From the northland and the southland, From the east and from the west, From the noble Alleghanies, To the Rockies' snow-capped crest. From the glowing hills of vintage, From beside the sunny sea, We are marching on to Cuba 'Neath the flag of liberty. We are marching forward ever With our standard to the air. And its crimsoned bars of glory With the stars float freely there. And the winds that rule the forest, With the winds that rule the sea, Tell the story of our mission — "We are come to make man free." The men of Company M did not get to the front. Their worst enemies were the typhoid fly, rations unfit to eat, ignorance, incompetence and neglect as shown in camp management. Company M had a good officer in Captain Petty, who did his best for his men. Lieutenant John W. Roff proved himself a competent and faithful officer, always study- ing to improve and caring for his men. Quartermaster Warren Surn- burger did all he could to make the best of things and when the Gov- ernment sent on loo pound boxes of baking soda to feed the hungry men, he succeeded in trading it off at the corner grocery for something more Satisfying. This' is only one instance of the continual battle for food. Camp sanitation was at its worst. Governor Foster W. Voorhees saw that our men received full -equipment, even to overcoats, before they reached the balmy climate of Florida. These blue overcoats with bright brass buttons were quite ornamental when strapped outside of the knapsacks, and carried on the back. Some regiments were not nearly as well equipped as the Second New Jersey. The Southerners were amazed at the toggery of Company M, including those overcoats. "Where be you uns all from ?" they said. Answer: "From New Jersey." Reply: "What State is New Jersey in?" When the men were mustered out and reached home they looked like skeletons. The experiences of this war led to some needed reforms in the military service. The lessons of the Russo-Japanese War and the Boer War were also observed, leading to other changes in tactics, equipment, and sanitation. Even then, our peaceful pre-occupatibns and purposes left us almost defenceless at the outbreak of hostilities in Europe in 1914. i$4 Quartermaster Warren Sjirnburger did his utmost to provide for and care for his men, by securing suitable food and accommodations. On their first trip to Florida they suffered greatly for want of eatable rations. You should hear Sergeant Surnburger give his personal reminiscences of their experience. I have tried to get him to write them out for this book. Like all Dover people he is "very busy." What he can tell in an hour would make a long story. Among other things he tells, how grateful the men were for certain money raised by the people of Dover for their benefit, which helped them to reach home alive after long sickness. The people of Morristown sent down a box filled with all sorts of articles which added greatly to the comfort of the men while in camp. But the other side of the story — the lack of sanitation, the mis- management, the downright dishonesty encountered in many ways — was no credit to our country. THE BOYS' BRIGADE Bv H. Miller Roff J. Wesley Roff was First Lieutenant of Company M, the Second: Regiment of the New Jersey Volunteers and served in the Spanish- American War in 1898, enlisting May 2, discharged November 17, 1898. Believing in the need of a military company in Dover, having seen the necessity of trained soldiers during his soldier life in the United States- Army, upon his return he made plans for an organization of such a. character in Dover. Lieutenant Roff was janitor of the Memorial Presbyterian Church, in which church the military company was formed. He was also State Corresponding Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. A few boys whom Mr. Roff' knew at the time were taken and on October 13, 1-899, ^ company was formed with eleven members, being boys whose ages ranged from: twelve to fourteen years. A boy who was big for his age would be permitted to join under the age of twelve, but the minimum for the average built boy, was that age, accepting youth of any church denomina- tion or nationality, despite the fact that all, drills and entertainments; were held under the roof of the Presbyterian Church, The trustees of the church gave the boys the use of the lecture room in the church and. built gun racks for them. The boys' first guns were made of wood. Better guns and regula- tion rifles were obtained later. The organization was named the "Boys" Brigade." The membership grew to nearly two hundred members^ maintaining the policy of allowing any boy to join with the consent of his parents. The reason why the church took such an interest in this, work was that a., number of attempts had been made to form an unde- nominational Men's Club. Although such plans failed, the Boys' Brigade carried out this purpose in a different way. The organization grew to such numbers that two companies were formed, known as Company A and Company B.. Later a third company i85 had to be foflMed, fenown as Company C. Later on, as the boys in Company A were becomiwg men, the older ones formed an artillery company known as Battery A, all of the companies being under command of Lieutenant Roff. The honorary title of "Colonel" was bestowed upon Mr. Roff by the members in the late years of the organization. Meanwhile, because the boys were well on into manhood and because the organization was so closely associated with the church, the name of the Boys' Brigade was changed to "The Hoagland Guards," which was taken from Hudson Hoagland, the donor of the church, who had done so much for the boys during his lifetime. When organized but a year the Hoagland Guards went into camp and continued to do so each year until they disbanded in 191 1. For four years they encamped at Budd Lake and for a few years they went to Lake Hopatcong; but in the later years Budd Lake was chosen as the most suitable place. They named their camp "Camp Hoagland." It attracted much attention among summer visitors, receiving favorable comment. Because of their youthfulness full military discipline was not adhered to. From the beginning of the organization Annual Inspections were held, showing the progress made. All kinds of drilling, games, and exhibitions were featured in these annual events. An Annual Bazaar, held in the rear of the church, was another event always looked forward to by the boys. The organization of two basketball teams was a big addition to the athletic activities, a gymnasium having been provided for in the church when it was built. Later on, the old church, then known as Library Hall, was used for drilling and athletic work. They also had a baseball team. Both the basketball and baseball teams were very successful in their exhibitions, having won many laurels, accepting in good nature also a number of defeats. As the boys proceeded in their work, those best fitted were advanced in rank to be corporals, sergeants, lieutenants, and so on until some were made honorary majors. The organization was practically self-supporting, but so popular that citizens suggested regular subscriptions. Through their own efforts they were fully equipped and, after they were disbanded, these boys left with such qualifications for military life that some of them, in the late World War, were immediately promoted to be commissioned and non- commissioned officers. They gained additional training in the Dover Guards and Home Defense League, becoming officers in both of these organizations. The following is a list of men so promoted from time to time : Dr. A. A. L. Baker Benjamin Hosking Coleridge H. Benedict, Jr. Jeffrey Hosking Raymond Cox Orray Ayres George R. Flartey Martin Schimmel Charles A. Gillen Horace Woodhull Sidney M. Gillen i86 Thomas Swayze H. Miller Roff James Armitage Harold Richards William Rule Carl Searing Edgar Parker Raymond Stringer Fred H. Roff Wm. Turner Roy H. Parcell THE DOVER GUARD By Edward W. Larsen On February 7th, 1916, thirteen men met at The Baker Theater Annex for the purpose of forming a local military company. Rev. T. J. "Winslade presided at the meeting, at which time plans were discussed and such enthusiasm was manifested that officers were elected and committees appointed to proceed with the organization. The following ofiScers were nominated and elected: Captain, H. J. Hasselbauer ; First Lieuetenant, Wm. J. Robertson ; Second Lieuten- ant, R. E. Stringer; Chaplain, T. J. Winslade; Adjutant, H. J. Sutton. The committee appointed to secure quarters were successful in obtaining Roth's Hall at the corner of Blackwell and Essex streets for drill and meeting purposes. At the second meeting held a week later, there were about fifty young men who signified their intention of joining the company and the . first drill was conducted that night. It was at a business meeting held after this first drill that the name "The Dover Guard" was adopted. Rifles were borrowed from the Hoagland Memorial Church, uni- forms were shortly secured, each member paying for his own, and the work of drilling was begun in earnest. The organization grew with leaps and bounds and in a short while it was decided to split the company and form a battalion. The election of officers for the battalion resulted as follows : Major, H. J. Hasselbauer; Adjutant, H. J. Sutton; Chaplain, T. J. Winslade ; Captain Co. A., Wm. J. Robertson ; First Lieutenant, E. W. Larsen; Second Lieutenant, R. E. Stringer; Captain Co. B., A. L. L. Baker; First Lieutenant, Edgar Parker. The plans of The Dover Guard having worked out so well, neigh- boring towns were asked to form companies and invited to join with ours in forming a regiment. At a meeting held in Hotel Dover, a regi- ment was formed and was to be known as The New Jersey Civic Reserve, Major Hasselbauer was elevated to the colonelship of the regiment. This necessitated an election for Major in The Dover Guard, to which position Captain Robertson was promoted. E. W. Larsen was advanced to the captaincy of Company A, and R. E. Stringer to First Lieutenant. The Life of The N. J. Civic Reserve was not long, however; but The Dover Guard continued to flourish under the able leadership of Major Robertson. i87 Shortly after the formation of The Dover Guard, it became affili- ated with The National Rifle Association, through which five Krag rifles and I20 rounds of ammunition per man were secured. A res;ulation rifle range was constructed on Captain Baker's property at Millbrook. Once each week the members of the companies would participate in rifle practice and, to stimulate interest in shooting, contests were held between the two companies. At the time of the entrance of the United States into the war, the Dover Guard at the request of Mayor Whitham, undertook the duty of ■guarding the town's water works. It was here that the young men of the Dover Guard received much of the training which benefited them so much, when later they entered the national service. Each night a squad of men was detailed to each of the water plants and their tour of guard duty was carried out as near to that prescribed by the War Department as it was possible to do. Mayor Whitham, appreciating the work of these young men, called a meeting of the citizens of Dover, who subscribed enough money to •equip the company with Krag rifles and woolen uniforms. The first appearance of the Dover Guard in their new uniforms and rifles was on the Fourth of July and received much applause and commendation for their splendid military behaviour. The Dover Guard was very prominent in all the Liberty Loan and Hed Cross drives and there never was a detachment of Dover men to leave for Camp Dix, but what the Dover Guard was on hand to escort them to the depot. Scores of young men received their first military training in the Dover Guard, who upon their arrival at the training camps were imme- diately taken out of the rooky squads and made corporals and in some cases sergeants. Some time before Captain Baker was commissioned in the Regular Army his infantry company in the Guard was made into a Battery. Possession was gotten of a field piece belonging to the State and in ■custody of Ex-assemblyman J. J. Vreeland. Major Robertson remained in command of the Dover Guard until the formation of Company D, N. J. State Militia. All the officers entered the services of the State, except Captain Larsen, who remained with the few who did not or could not join the Militia. A reorganization of the Guard was effected and the work of pre- liminary training was again started and became so efficient that it was looked upon as a sort of training school for the State and Government forces. Captain Larsen was very ably assisted in the later work of the Dover Guard by First Lieutenant Floyd Hann and Second Lieutenant Lloyd Reeves, together with a splendid corps of noncommissioned offi- cers. When its ranks were depleted by enlistments to the militia and the army the Dover Guard was disbanded and its equipment turned over to the town officials. i88 DOVER'S HOME DEFENSE LEAGUE When the strained relations between the United States and the Central Powers were gradually reaching the breaking point early in March, 1917, a group of patriotic citizens met with the Mayor and Board of Aldermen to discuss the subject of a Home Defense League. Following several informal meetings it was decided to arrange a mass meeting for April 12, 1917, in the Northside School auditorium. More than five hundred citizens attended. Mayor Richard W. Whitham was elected president; Robert Richards, vice-president; George R. Flartey, secretary; and Charles S. Clark, treasurer. On the date when war was declared between the United States , and Germany, April 6, 191 7, nearly eight hundred persons crowded into Elite Hall, where stirring addresses were made, committees appointed and subscriptions totaling $4,622.43 offered toward a fund to properly arm and equip the members of the military companies to be formed for the defense of the town in case of emergency. The by-laws of the organization stated the subject as follows : "The object shall be the preservation of life and property of the citizens of the town, to assist the Mayor and Board of Aldermen in promoting peace and harmony, and for such other legitimate and patriotic purposes as may develop from time to time, excepting industrial disputes." Within three weeks following the Declaration of War, four com- panies of Home Guards were organized. Regular drills were held, uniforms procured, and rifles and ammunition provided. A military census was conducted by the league and assistance was rendered in the registration of men between the ages of twenty-one and thirty-one on June 5, 1917. Alderman William T. Ayer assisted Mayor Whitham in the formation of the four military companies, which were designated as follows: Company A — Captain J. E. Brown; Company B — Captain C. H. Benedict, Jr. ; Company C — Captain Sidney M. Gillen ; Company D — Captain George R. Flartey. The battalion commander was Adelbert P. McDavit, with the rank of major, and his adjutant was Captain Harry J. Hasselbauer. Later Captain Hasselbauer succeeded Major McDavit, who resigned. The funds subscribed by the townspeople were expended for uni- forms, rifles, ammunition, etc. The League rendered every assist- ance possible to the Second Selective Service Board of Morris County. The military units were in readiness at all times to respond to riot calls, conduct secret work for the town, state and nation, and to co-operate with the police department in every way possible. Enlistments in the army and navy, combined with the formation of a national guard company and the operations of the Selective Serv- ice law, depleted the ranks of the four companies until but one com- pany remained. This company was placed in command of Captain C. H. Benedict, Jr., and his appointment was confirmed by the mem- bers at an election held in Elite Hall. This company became affiliated i89 with the State military forces early in 1918 and its achievements are presented in detail by Captain Benedict elsewhere in this book. Tlie record of Dover's citizens during the period of the World War, as revealed in their interest in the Home Defense League, was very commendable, and while a great amount of the work proved to be precautionary, the unanimous support of the townspeople was given. Dover's citizens responded in every way possible to the suc- cessful prosecution of the war, and the results were very gratifying to the state and' national defense organizations. The record achieved is one which stands out in the history of Dover as an example of patriotism. The degree of success attained in every department of war work showed to the world that Dover was "doing its bit." It was a period when men put aside all pleasure and made sacrifices in their business and at home to stand ready to lend a hand in the defeat of autocracy. When the glad tidings were flashed across the seas that the war had ended, the Home Defense League arranged a Peace Day Celebra- tion and while hundreds of our own Dover soldier boys, with the great arniy of four million Americans, turned their thoughts to home and family and friends, our townspeople enjoyed a celebration which will never be forgotten by those who participated. In closing it is the sincere wish of the writer that you, dear reader, will never forget those brave lads who gave their lives that we might live. N'or can you forget the disabled, who are the living monu- ments of the heroic deeds of America's part in the war. George R. Flartey^ Secretary. THE DOVER HOME GUARDS Early in the summer of 1917 there were organized five companies of Home Guards, as follows: Company A — ^A. P. McDavit, Captain; Thomas Conlan, First Lieutenant ; D. W. Heiman, Second Lieutenant. Company B — C. H. Benedict, Jr., Captain; O. S. Parker, First Lieutenant; Benj. Hosking, Second Lieutenant. Company C — John DeB. Vreeland, Captain. Company D — Jesse Dennett, Captain. Company E — Geo. R. Flartey, Captain. These companies were drilled in the streets at night, also in MoUer Hall on Sussex street. Uniforms were secured by popular 'subscription. The several companies were organized into a battalion with Cap- tain McDavit as major. Lieutenant Conlan taking his place as Captain of Company A. Lieutenant H. J. Hasselbauer was appointed adjutant. Captain Conlan resigned his command and Captain Brown took his place. Captain Brown being sent out of town by the Government as a' powder inspector, Captain Sebring was elected in his place. October :29lfli a meeting was lield in the Municipal Building and the igo five companies were re-organized into two companies, A and C form- ing a new A company, Captain Sebring; Lieutenant D. W. Heiman; B, D and E forming a new B company, C. H. Benedict, Jr., Captain ; H. J. Hasselbauer, First Lieutenant; O. S. Parker, Second Lieutenant. About this time the State offered recognition and help to those Home Defense Units which would recruit up to sixty-two men and take the oath of enlistment. At a meeting of Companies A and B held January 21, 1918, it was decided to form one company to be known as the Dover Home Guard, S. M. R. Captain C. H. Benedict, Jr., was elected Captain, H. J. Hasselbauer, First Lieutenant, and O. S. Parker, Second Lieutenant. A recruiting campaign was started and. the necessary men (fifty-nine men and three officers) were enlisted and mustered in, June 6th, 1918, by Lieutenant Ray Stringer of Com- pany D, S. M., as mustering officer. At this time, by request of Captain Benedict, a Lieutenant Scott of the 42nd Regiment, U. S. A., was detailed by Col. Daimler to assist in the formation and drilling of the company. This company was active in all Liberty Loan campaigns, Y. M. C. A. or Red Cross Drives, furnished an escort for all drafted men leaving for camp, took part in all parades, was reviewed by Gov. Edge at Branch Brook Park, September 15th, 1918, going to and from Newark by trolley. November 10, 1918, was spent at the Navy Rifle Range at Cald- well, N. J., where a number of the men qualified as marksmen and sharpshooters. The company held a smoker in Elite Hall, March 17, 1919, which was greatly enjoyed by the members and on April 28th, 1919, a dance was given for members and their ladies. It was largely attended and everyone had a fine time. While this company never had any active duty to perform, it was held ready to mobilize at a few hours' notice, and in case of riot or other trouble it was ready to answer at once, the riot call to be given on the fire alarm. Privates Edward Lynn and Wallace Hall died while active mem- bers of this company and were given appropriate burial. After the Armistice was signed between the Allies and Germany and the country began to resume its way of peace, permission to muster out was requested from the Governor. It was granted and the com- pany was mustered out by its officers under orders from the Adjutant General's Office, dated August 28th, 19 19, and the officers who were commissioned by the Governor were given their honorable discharge. C. H. Benedict, Jr. igi BATTERY D, 308 FIELD ARTILLERY In the World War of 1914 to 1918, Dover furnished one of the most important fighting units in the United States Army, "Battery D, 308 Field Artillery." Being composed of the first body of Selected Service Men to leave this town, it always seemed fitting and proper that this should be called Dover's Battery. The War Department did not sanction the naming of these units after the towns from which they came; but the men in the Battery, as well as the people in their home town, always felt that this particu- lar company represented Dover, as being the first body of men to go to War. On September 19th, 1917, ninety-seven of these men left the town for service in France. After a hard and strenuous training, covering a period of nine months, they were ready for the trip. to Europe to engage in the deadly conflict. During the last few days in camp on this side seventy-nine of these men were transferred to other units of the Anny, leaving only eighteen of the original men from Dover in the outfit, all of whom were Non-Commissioned Officers. In this depleted condition, it became necessary to fill the vacancies with other men from all over the United States ; but as the governing body were all Doverites, the same old feeling prevailed. On May 25th, 1918, they boarded the Transport in New York harbor and sailed away. Braving (the deadly submarines and terrific ocean storms for twelve days and nights, they landed at Liverpool, England. After a short stay of three days in that country they were transported across the English Channel, then infested with submarines and the deadly mines which the Germans had succeeded in planting in the waters of this section. They landed at the French seaport bi La Havre. From here they were conveyed across the country to the ancient city of Vannes, on the Bay of Morbihan. At this place the Chinese coolies had erected barracks for the American forces. After a very intensive training in the arts and science of modern warfare, ^ they proceeded to the front and took their places alongside the other American troops in the Toul Sector, directly in front of the heavily fortified city of Metz, in Alsace Lorraine. This ancient city had been captured by the Germans in 1914 and the inhabitants had suffered untold hardships at the hands of their captors for this long period. Equipped with the famous French 75 cannons and a small supply of ammunition, the Dover boys fired their first shot into the German lines on the eighth day of August, 1918. It did not take the enemy long to answer them, as they knew some one had called on them and intended to stay awhile. From the first hour after their arrival on the front, the Germans kept up a continuous fire on the Dover Battery, trying to force them to retreat. But I am proud to say that they had not heard the meaning of this word. Fortune spared the men in this position, as none were killed or wounded here. No advance worth 192 mentioning took place at this particular point, until the morning of September 13th, when the greatest drive of the American Forces began. Starting at promptly one o'clock in the morning, all the guns on the American front let loose their rain of shot and shell. High explosive, deadly gas, shrapnel and murderous bombs were showered on the German lines for a period of six hours, for the purpose of wiping out the wire entanglements and concealed mines that the Germans had prepared for the trapping of our infantrymen, as they went over the top. At exactly seven o'clock the Artilleries stopped firing and the brave and dauntless heroes, the infantrymen, climbed out of their tenches and dashed into the enemies lines. The hand to hand encounters for life and death began. A few of the remaining Germans put up a stiff battle, but, owing to the tremendous number of Americans opposing them, were easily defeated. A large number were killed and wounded. At exactly eleven o'clock in the morning, just four hours after the infantry had gone over the top, a strip of enemy territory eighteen miles long and fifteen miles wide had been taken by the Yankees, together with eighteen thousand prisoners. To have stood along the road-sides and observed the long lines of German prisoners being marched to the prison camps in the rear, one thought was, that the war was over and that Germany was calling on France. This particular battle was known as the St. Mihiel. The French had held the enemy in this location for a period of four years, not having been able, in all that time to drive them back. On Sunday evening, September 15th, 191 8, at ten o'clock, this Battery suffered its first heavy loss. By getting on a strange road in taking up an advanced position, they suddenly found themselves in No Man's Land, with their own infantry behind, and the Germans all around them. Hemmed in on either side by the enemy, and unable to turn back on account of the road being too narrow to turn the guns around, they were discovered by the German Batteries, who immediately began shelling them. In this predicament the men were subjected to a rain of shells and gas for the space of thirty minutes. While the Germans had no direct aim on them, on account of the darkness, nevertheless they were accurate enough with their fire to kill nine men and wound seven, also killing nineteen horses and wound- ing ten more. Orders were immediately given to unhitch the remain- ing horses and advance. Going ahead a few yards, the battery discovered an old stone quarry that afforded protection for the men and horses. Here they were safe until morning. When daylight came the enemy saw that these men were virtually held prisoners, only the Germans were afraid to take the chance of coming out of their trenches to capture them, as they would be immediately fired upon by the other artillery batteries in the rear. Sending out a few scouting parties, the officers of the battery discovered a few aban- doned dugouts, built by Germans, and lately evacuated by them in the St. Mihiel drive. Making a run for these in full view of the enemy, they succeeded in getting the men and horses safely out of sight of 193 the German gunners, staying here for three days and two nights, ■during which time the only food they ate was a few hard tack and some canned beef that some of the men were fortunate enough to have carried with them. On the night of September the i8th, they were rescued by the 303rd Engineer Regiment connected with their Divi- sion. During the short stay in this confined position they suffered the loss of five more men, who were killed trying to bring water to the horses from the Moselle River, whose opposite bank was lined with the enemies' machine gunners. The following day an attack was made on the enemy, who were driven back far enough to enable the battery to obtain their guns and ammunition that had been abandoned several nights before in their haste. After repairing the damage done to these, and filling the places •of the men who had been killed and wounded, they resumed firing on the •enemy. The next battle fought in this territory was the Suppe-Moselle, •during which Battery D drove the enemy back three miles nearer Berlin in a single night. From this position in Alsace Lorraine they moved to the Argonne Forest, at that time thickly populated with the best German and Prus- 'sian forces. The losses in this particular drive were terriffit, as the enemy had stored up enough ammunition and guns to blow up the •earth. No one who was not there has any conception of the losses suffered by the American forces and the gallant men who laid down their lives for the defeat of German Rule. In the first charge the ■ground was covered with dead American and French soldiers. But by the tenacity of the men, anxious for revenge, this vast woodland or jungle was cleaned out in the space of about twelve days' time. The next battle for the Dover men was at Chattel Cherey, a small ammunition center occupied by some captive French peasants and German officers. This town is situated along the southern border of Belgium. After three days more of hard fighting they advanced to within one kilometer of the ancient city of Grand Pre. This old his- torical town had not suffered a large amount of shell fire, as the French officers wanted to spare it. This information reached the Germans, who massed their reserves and determined to hold it at any cost. In the course of fighting their way through the batteries of machine •guns, secreted in concrete vaults and steel-clad dugouts, the 309th and 310th Infantry Brigades suffered the heaviest losses in the entire time the Americans were on the front. The writer of this article, Sergeant 'Stewart Kahler, being an eye witness to this terrible slaughter, reports that the street running through the center of this town was almost a river of human blood, and that the bodies of the Newark men were piled in rows as a ratowing machine cuts the grain in furrows. The Germans lost very few men, as they were concealed in these bullet- proof hiding places and fired on the advancing troops without stopping, until either killed or captured. Filling up the gaps with reserves, rushed to the aid of these two companies, the town was finally taken by the Americans. From this point the enettiy kept up a steady retreat until on the 14th day of November, 1918, they were forced to surrender to the Allies. The Dover Battery participated in five minor and two major, battles while on the front, and were still fighting near the walled city of Stenay, at eleven o'clock on the morning? of the day the Armistice was signed. The following men served as Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers in Battery D, 308th, Field Artillery— 78th, Lightning Division, New Jersey : 2nd Lt. P. Powers Kinnaman Cpl. Thomas Loughlin ' 1st Sgt. John Thomas (killed in Cpl. John Maher action) Cpl. Fred Anderson 1st Sgt. Stanley A. Warner Cpl. A. Anderson Signal Sgt. Stewart ICahler Cpl. LeRoy Seals Sgt. Charles Rassler Cpl. Frank Shaw Sgt. Jack B. Schwer Cpl. John Rh Club is situated a few bundiTcd ieet Imm. the gate and during the war housed about 35 tech- 222 nical men. The Hercules Club of Kenvil is more than a Recreationt Club House for the employees of the Plant; it has become the com- munity center for the surrounding country and villages. The Ciub« is equipped with bowling alleys, pool tables and a store. The Plant and its auxiliary dwelling houses and clubs constitutess a community which can almost be described as self-contained, merely lacking a store to make it justify that description. THE PICATINNY ARSENAL By Howard S. Deck The Picatinny Arsenal is located in; the Middle Forge Valley, Rockaway Township, Morris County, New Jersey. It includes I,6i6 acres surrounding Picatinny Peak and Picatinny Lake; also a strip of land 50 feet wide from the Arsenal grounds proper to Spicertown. The original tract included also 315 acres, now a part of the Naval Storage Base. Roughly, the tract extends from Mt. Hope and Hickory- Hill on the east to the ridge of Green Pond Mountain on the west, and from the southern end of the mountain on the south to the foot of Lake Denmark on the north. Tliere are several interesting items in the geological history. Here originated the celebrated "Pudding Stone'*" or Green Pond Mountain conglomerate. It is believed that glaciers covered this territory on at least two widely separated periods. To those who can read the trail, the spoor left by these rivers of ice is. plainly marked in many parts of , the Arsenal grounds. The leveling of the mountain spur, which once extended south from the Peak, is such a trail mark. The reversal of the flow of Green Pond Brook is also laid to their charge. Before the days of the mastodon, the bones of a number of which have been found within 20 miles, this brook flowed northward and emptied into Lake Passaic. The Indians who at a later date claimed the vicinity as hunting ground were of the Lenni Lenape tribe and known to the early settlers as Rockawaks. Their claim to the land was covered in the treaty of Easton (Pa.) in 1758. The following is a brief list of the early owners : Dutch by right of discovery; King Charles II by conquest. Treaty of 1664; James, Duke of York, by deed ; Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkley, by deed; the Twelve Proprietors, by deed. The returns on the Arsenal tract w'ere taken up by John Reading, one of the Proprietors, in 1723. In. 1749, Jonathan Osborne purchased the site at the foot of Pica- tinny Peak, built a dam and erected a forge. Later, when a forge was built at Lake Denmark, the Picatinny Peak forge was known as the Middle Forge, presumably because of its location on Green Pond Brook midway between Mt. Pleasant and Lake Denmark forges. Little is known of the early history of the forge or its owner. Ore was transported on horseback in leather bags and the finished bar iror in the shape of a horseshoe on pack saddles. Four hundred to five. 223 hundred pounds was considered a pack load, under which horses made fifteen miles per day. From Middle Forge the route to tide water lay over Mt. Hope to Rockaway. In 1772 the Forge was acquired by Col. Jacob Ford, builder of the historic continental powder mills at Mbrristown. It was at Middle Forge that the "largest loop" forged in Morris County was made by Col. Ford, in celebration of which we believe his wife baked him a "short cake." This loop or bar weighed 28J4 pounds. The Forge was conveyed to Jacob Ford, Jr., in 1773, and by his executors to John Jacob Faesch in 1778. Faesch was a Swiss, naturalized by special Act of Congress. He was a master iron worker, operating a number of forges. Under his management the Middle Forges made "cannon, shot, bar iron, shovels, axes, and other iron implements for the Revolutionary Army." Copies' of correspondence record that the price asked for cannon was "7d York money per pound," the Continental government furnishing the patterns for the castings. In connection with this work General Washington visited Faesch, Esq., and arranged with him for the services of 250 Hessian prisoners for cutting wood, burning charcoal, and operating the forges. Faesch paid nothing for the services of these men, supplying them only with clothes, shelter, and food. It will be recalled that the King of England hired these Hessian soldiers to fight against the colonies, agreeing to pay not only for their services, but also a per capita price on all men not returned. As many of the sur- vivors preferred to remain in the New World, the bill to the King must have seemed unjustly high. In 1800, General John Doughty, as Commissioner, conveyed the Forge and a large tract to Moses Phillips, Jr., who rebuilt it and oper- ated it as a single fire forge under the name of Aetna Forge. Early in the century, the iron industry had some lean years. On December 18, 1816, the Aetna joined with the principal other forges in Morris County in a "petition to the house of congress for the relief of persons inter- ested in the manufacture of bar and cast iron in the U. S." During Mr. Phillips' ownership noteworthy progress was made in methods of transportation. In 1804, the turnpike from Dover to Sparta was built. In 1806, the turnpike over Mt. Hope connecting with the Efover-Sparta ro?id was built. This marked the passing of the pac" saddle and consequentlv of "loops" bars. At about the time of the opening of the Morris Canal, 1823-1833, the weight of "bars" was about 50 pounds. The following extract from an advertisement, appearing in the August 14, 1830, issue of "The Jerseyman," is of interest and indicates that iron in the community was not only an article of commerce but accepted as "coin of the Realm" : " ^all the above articles are made by the subscribers and warranted of the best quality, for sale at reduced prices for cash or Bar Iron. — McFarlan & Ayres, late Blackwell & McFarlan." 224 In i8^, die Foife casiae into the possession of Jacob Richter and in 1853 of George E. Richter, who operated it for several years, and then allowed it t« fali into decay. It was purchased by the Government in 1879. It is bdieved thai, in its best days, Middle Forge employed not less than 60 men, and produced 10 to 20 tons per week. During its early years it shared prosperjiy and adversity with the industry in gen- eral. Prior to 1776, rolled bars could not be made here, owing to a prohibitory act of Parliament which fixed a penalty of 200 pounds Ster- ling on each rolling miH. The trip hananer anvil and tools used at Middle Forge are on exhi- bition at the Arsenal. 'Hie anvil is about two feet square and weighs roughly 4,000 pounds. The hammer has a 14-inch square face and weighs about 600 pounds. While gathering data for this paper another hammer was found among the ruins near the old Forge site. There was also found a "puddle" of iron and slag, probably the remains of the last "smelt" at Middle Forge. The charcoal production rose and fell with the iron industry. Large quantities of charcoal were consumed by each furnace. In 1777, Gen- eral Washington reported the number of "iron works large and small" in Morris County at between eighty and one hundred. The history of the iron industry records instances where the consumption of charcoal was so enormous that its use was regulated by law. The need of a Government controlled place for the manufacture of black powder was seriously felt during the Civil War, as was, also, the need of Government owned storage. The records of the War Depart- ment show that in 1866, a board of officers was convened in New York City to consider the question and to recommend location of an Atlantic Powder Depot. In July of 1879, the recommended tracts were inspected by Major F. H. Parker, and later the Middle Forge tract became the property of the Federal Government, Major Parker being the first Com- manding Officer. On September 10, 1880, on the recommendation of Major Parker, the Depot was designated the "Picatinny Powder Depot." In July, 1883, the name was changed to "U. S. Powder Depot at Dover, N. J." Again in 1907 the name was changed to "The Picatinny Arsenal." The orders, reports, and correspondence relating to this period of the Arsenal's history have been published a number of times. The meaning of the name Picatinny Peak or Pickatinny Beak, as it appears on earlier maps, has been the occasion of extended and not altogether fruitful search. The interpretation, "The smaller end face of the endless hills," is partial. The name also implies locality, but just what the boundaries of this locality are has not been determined. From 1880 to 1890 the storage of black powder received first con- sideration. For this purpose a number of buildings were erected. Late in 1886 the Morris County Railroad (now Wharton and North- em), was built, connecting the depot with the country's transportation lines. From 1890 to 1900 no active effort was made to establish a black 225 powder manufacturing plant at the Arsenal. The storage! capacity was increased and unsuccessful efiforts were made to obtain authorization and funds for an experimental smokeless powder laboratory. In 1906, Congress appropriated funds for this purpose and manufacture began early in 1908, with the factory at a rated capacity of 3,000 pounds per day. The following year this was increased to 9,000 pounds per day. These figures will perhaps mean more by way of comparison. At the time of the signing of the Armistice of 1919, this was less than one per cent, of the country's daily production of •smokeless powder. Viewed from anotheir angle,, this amount would load 6,000 rounds for the French 75s or 250 rounds for the famous 155s, and but ten full charges for one of our larger seacoast defense guns. It must not be assumed that the powder for these guns is inter- changeable. Powder is made for and can be used in particular models of guns only, and it is rarely interchangeable. For this reason the large quantities of smokeless powder made during the World War for Field Artillery cannot be used in our coast defenses. Practically all standard smokeless powders are cylindrical, rang- ing in size from the diameter of a pin to the familiar broom stick. The length is usually several times the diameter. Small grains have one perforation through the long way of the grain; larger grains have several. The grains are hard like bone and have the general dark brown appearance of polished American walnut. Early in the present century the use of modern high explosives as a "bursting charge in projectiles received much consideration, and after several years of experimenting, a rather complete plant was put into operation. The machine shop in which the final work on projectiles was done stood on the site of the old Middle Forge. In 191 1 Congress appropriated funds for the erection of a factory ior the manufacture of Explosive "D," the authorized bursting charge for armor piercing projectiles. Production was maintained until the summer of 1918, when the more pressing need for personnel in other lines of production led to a shut down. The factory has since been dismantled and replaced by equipment that will permit of more varied production. Contemporary with the addition of factories there were added the necessary chemical and physical laboratories for the control and test of the material in the manufacturing process. With the develop- ment of the work, there came demands for research, testing, and prov- ing, for which equipment was added from time to time. With the entry of the United States into the World War we find the Arsenal with factories fitted to manufacture on a small scale, to develop new processes, and to do research work on active agents that go into ammunition. Of greater importance than all of these was the personnel educated in the work and in Government ways and methods. The Arsenal's greatest contribution to the cause of the Allies lay in the training it had given to these men, many of whom, because of the knowledge thus acquired; came to stand high in the councils of 226 the War Department, and assisted in building the great structure on which the production of munitions was built. The Names of the Commanding Officers of the Arsenal with the dates of assuming and relinquishing command are as follows: Major F. H. Parker. Sept. 6, 1880— :Nov. 29, 1882. Major J. P. Farley. Apr. 4, 1883— June 27, 1887. Major F. H. Phipps. July i, 1887— Oct. 22, 1890. Major J. W. Reillv. Oct. 22, 1890— Jan. 21, 1892. Col. J. M. Whittemore. Mar. 10, 1892— Mar. 23, 1897. Col. A. R. Buffington. Mar. 23, 1897— April 7, 1899. Col. L. S. Babbitt. May 5, 1899— Feb. 18, 1903. Col. O. B. Mitcham. July 16, 1902— May 14, 1907. Major B. W. Dunn. Mar. 26, 1907— June 10, 1907. Major O. C. Horney. June 10, 1907— July 14, 1915. Lt. Col. J. C. NichoUs. July 14, 191S--N0V. 9, 1915. Col. J. W. Joyes. Nov. 9, 1915— May 27, 1917. Col. J. C. Nicholls. May 27, 1917— Oct. 22, 1918. Lt. Col. R. L. Maxwell. Oct. 22, 1918— Jan. 5, 1919. Lt. Col. R. W. Pinger. Jan. 5, 1919— Aug. 22, 1919. Lt. Col. F. H. Miles, Jr. Aug. 22, 1919— July 22, 1920. Lt. Col. E. M. Shinkle. July 22, 1920— Feb., 1921. Major F. H. Miles, Jr. Feb., 1921— Aug. 31, 1921. Major J. H. Pelbt. Aug. 31, 1921— The names of officers who have served at Picatinny Arsenal as assistants are as follows: Major W. H. Tschappat Lieut. L. J. Ahern Capt. D. C. Seagrave Lieut. C. E. Patridge Capt. T. L. Coles Capt. C. T. Harris Major J. C. Nicholls Capt. J. B. Fidlar Capt. J. H. Burns . Capt. G. R. Hartrick. Lieut. F. G. Wallace A partial list of the emergency officers who trained at Picatinny Arsenal is as follows: Major A. L. Kibler Capt. J. A. Marshall Capt. J. S. Bates Capt. E. H. Davis Capt. C. A. Tibbals Lieut. A. Given Capt. G. R. Roe Lieut. D. L. Rehlaender. Capt. J. F. Cyphers The activities of the Great War brought no extensive increased facilities or production to thei Arsenal. On a broader plan, the knowl- edge gained was used in initiating production at points and under condi- tions favoring production on a larger scale. The facilities and labora-. tories at the Arsenal were used to train novices in the arts of ammuni- tion production and in War Department methods. Thus the Arsenal became a Bureau of Standards for makers of ammunition. 227 The Armistice found the Arsenal with no plans for the future. The imperative need of storage facilities for housing, first, the tre- mendous amounts of war material in this country, and, second, the equally large amounts returnable from abroad overshadowed all else. In helping to solve this problem Picatinny did more than its full share. No one associated with the Arsenal during the past three arid one- half years will deny the herculean proportions of this task. During this period of production inactivity, the peace time pro- gram for ammunition was worked out. Picatinny Arsenal was desig- nated as the ammunition Arsenal for the Army, and charged with the responsibility of keeping alive all the arts in connection with the production of ammunition. Work preparatory to carrying out of the program then outlined is now nearing completion. To-day the Arsenal employees number about one thousand, nearly all of whom are drawn from the Dover-Wharton comimunity. The office stafif, with the exception of officers and technical men, is com- posed almost entirely of men and women who were educated in local institutions. The following is a list of official personnel and their work: Major J. H. Pelot — Commanding Officer. Major H. C. Davis, Jr — Metal Components and Planning Divisions. Major J. Herbert Hunter — Explosives and Chemical Divisions. Capt. J. C. Vickery — Adjutant. Capt. J. P. Harris — Loading and Service Divisions. Capt. D. C. Hall — Ammunition School. Lieut. M. H. Davis — Storage Division. In the preparation of this synopsis, much information was obtained from the records in the Dover Library, various publications, the historical societies of New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The files of Dr. George Lebaw, author of "The History of Preakness," and Mr. William Roome, who is in possession of the records of the original Middle Forge survey, were called on for dates and informa- tion. ATLAS POWDER COMPANY The Forcite Works of the Atlas Powder Co., of Wilmington, Del., had its beginning thirty-nine years ago. Its founders were mostly Belgians and Swedes, wiho July, 1883, on the Southern end of Lake Hopatcong, near Landing, N. J-, began the construction of a plant which was known as the American Forcite Powder Manufacturing Company. Mr. Eisler was superintendent in charge of construction. Tlie first employee was Mr. Charles Tice, who has remained continu- ously in the employ of the company. Mr. John Anthony Johnson, still employed at the works, and Mr. Lewis Brown, recently retired on pension, were also among the first employees. Mr. Eisler remained as superintendent until April i, 1884 when Mr. J. K. Sundstron was appointed to that position. From that time up to the present the ,228 superintendency was held by a number of men. Their names and the terms of their office were as follows : March, 1887 to Oct., 1887— Mr. A. W. Nibelins. Oct., 1887 to Jan., 188— The late Mr. Gustaf Reinberg. Jan., 1888 to April, 1892— Mr. J. B. Smith, of Succasunna, N. J. Superintendent Smith was killed at the Forcite Works by the explosion of April 18, 1892. April, 1892 to Jan., 1894 — Mr. Bromaine. Jan., 1894 to May, 1900— The late Mr. T. H. Johnson. May, 1900 to May, 1906 — Mr. Geo. E. Potts. Mr. Potts resigned May i, 1906. May, 1906 to July, 1906 — Mr. Chas. A. Patterson. Mr. Patterson was transferred to one of the other works as Superintendent and was succeeded by : July, 1906 to Dec, 1912 — Mr. A. P. VanGelder. Jan., 1913 to July, 1917 — Mr. E. J. Riederer. July, 1917 to Nov., 1917 — Mr. J. T. Power. Nov., 1917 to Nov., 1921 — Mr. A. Nelson Chase. Mr. Chasef was transferred to another works of the company and Mr. J. B. Turner was appointed Superintendent. A Mr. Sundholm appeared to have been the active head of the original plant until about 1890 when Mr. Clarence W. Markey obtained control of the stock of the company. In about 1900 the du Pont Com- pany obtained control and held it until December 31, 1912, when, due to a decree of the U. S. District Court, the' du Pont Company was divided into three independent companies. The Forcite Works then passed into the hands of the Atlas Powder Company, one of the three new companies formed. The probable reason for establishing the Forcite Works on the shores of Lake Hopatcong was no doubt due to the proximity to New York and the various iron and zinc mines in Morris and Sussex Counties. At that time the shores of Lake Hopatcong were very thinly populated. It had yet to become the summer resort it now is. The first gelatin dynamite to be made in the United States was manufactured at the Forcite Works on April 2, 1884. The product was known as 75 per cent, gelatin. The formula for this explosive was worked out by a European concern and the American Forcite Powder Manufacturing Company was licensed to make it in America. At that time( the gelatin dynamite was mixed in a copper bowl. Two men working with wooden paddles, mixed the ingredients by hand. In 1895 dynamite was manufactured at Forcite. All of this was hand packed until August, 1900, when the hand Quinan Packing Machine was installed. This machine was replaced in 1908 by the Hall Packing Machine. „... ^" ^917 Mr. Riederer was transferred to the General Office at wilmmgton. 229 In 1913 electric power was supplied throughout the plant. Pre- vious to that time compressed air and steam were the only forms of power used. No raw materials for the manufacture of its products are obtained in the vicinity of the Forcite Works. Supplies must he obtained from many sources, some of them from foreign countries. The class of labor required for the manufacture of explosives is probably above the average. It is endeavored, at all times, to obtain men who use the utmost care in following their vocation. Foremen are usually men who have been advanced from the "ranks." Super- intendents, Assistant Superintendents, Chemists and Supervisors are mostly professional men who have completed a college training, but there are numerous exceptions to this rule. The Forcite Works has furnished explosives for many notable enterprises. Among the most important was the construction of the D., L. & W. "Cut-off" from Port Morris, N. J., through Blairstown tQ the Delaware River. Practically all the explosives used in this project were made at Forcite. During the late war, Forcite Works made large quantities of sulphuric and nitric acids which were used in other industries making: war materials. The main product was nitro-cotton for smokeless, powder manufacture. Large quantities of Nitrate of Ammonia were also made, and shipped to other points where it was mixed with T. N. T. and other ingredients for High Explosive Shells. At. the close of the war, the plant was re-arranged to again manufacture only Nitro Glycerine and dynamite used in mines, quarries, etc., and nitric and sulphuric acids used in various industries. In June, 1922, the Forcite Works employed one hundred and eleven men, nine of whom live in Dover. Mr. Marshall Sanders of Dover has been transferred to the Works at Wilmington, Delaware. NAVAL AMMUNITION DEPOT, LAKE DENMARK, DOVER, N. J. Th Naval Ammunition Depot, Lake Denmark, Dover, N. J., located in the township of Rockaway and near Lake Denmark, seven miles from the town of Dover, N. J., was established in 1891, and is under the cognizance of the Bureau of Ordnance, Navy Department. The original tract of land comprising this Depot was ceded by the War Department to the Navy Department in 1891 and comprised 315 acres. In 1902 two additional tracts of land containing 78.58 acres were purchased and by proclamation of the President of the United States, dated August 7, 19 18, 67^ acres of land were commandeered^ making the present total acreage of this Depot 451.08. The first appropriation of any large amount made by Congress for the development of the Depot was contained in the Naval Appro- priation Act of June 7, 1900, and from that date until the entrance of the United States into the World War in 1917 the growth of the Depot was steady. During 1917 and 1918 the storage capacity of this plant was more than doubled. 230 This Depot is served by the Wharton and Northern Railroad and connecting lines, has its Own interior system of railroad tracks, switches, locomotives, power, electric light and water systems. The •principal activity of the Depot is the storage of Ammunition and Ammunition details for the Navy Department. The classes of labor employed are the necessary clerical, mechan- ical, and common labor required to meet the demands of the Bureau of Ordnance in handling the material shipped to and from the Depot. This Depot was originally under the jurisdiction of the Com- mandant, Navy Yard, league Island, Philadelphia, Pa., and later Tinder the Commandant of the Navy Yard, New York. In 1910 the Lake Denmark Depot, together with the other Navy Ammunition Depots in the New York District were placed under the Command of the Inspector of Ordnance in Charge, Naval Ammunition Depot, lona Island, N. Y., and in September, 1919, it became an independent activ- ity of the Third Naval District. The present Inspector of Ordnance in Charge is Commander David Lyons, U. S. N., and the following officers have been in charge of the Depot at various times. Commander J. B. Coghlan, U. S. N. Gunner P. Lynch, U. S. N. Gunner G. Albro, U. S. N. Chief Gunner C. Dugan, U. S. N. Lieutenant M. W. Gilmartin, U. S. N. Gunner T. B. Watson, U. S. N. Chief Gunner H. Johnsen, U. S. N. Chief Gunner C. B. Babson, U. S. N. Lieutenant H. Sinclair, U. S. N. . ^ Chief Gunner J. C. McDermott, U. S. N. ^" ^ Lieutenant Samuel Chiles, U. S. N. Chief Gunner W. J. Creelman, U. S. N. IRON WORKS, MINES, PIG IRON, STEEL [. IRON i , ULSTER IRON WORKS, INC. The Ulster Iron Works of Dover now occupy the site where iron works have been carried on, under changing proprietors, since 1745 or thereabouts. The first forge, built by John Jackson in 1722, has already been described in this book. Joseph Shotwell's purchase 'of 91 acres in 1745— the heart of Dover— has been mentioned. Iron works on the Rockaway River at that period have been referred to. Hence it seems safe to say that iron works have been carried on upori the present site of the 'Ulster Iron Works for about 175 years The succession has been traced in other parts of this book Joseph Shotwell 1745, Robert Schooley, Joseph and Stephen Jackson 231 1768, Beman 1757, Canfield & Losey 1792, Blackwell & McFarlan, 1817-1869. (See Dover History.) An old map of 1825 shows that Dover at that date consisted chiefly of the iron works on the Rockaway of which Blackwell and McFarlan were then proprietors, having taken them over from Canfield and Losey in 1817. On this map different buildings are marked by the letters of the alphabet and explained in a key to the list, showing seven dweUings, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, saw mill, coal (char- coal) house, new rolling mill, rolling and slitting mill, new iron house, chain proof, turning mill, cyder house, forge, another carpenter shop, wood house, new coal house, grindstone, another blacksmith shop, chain shop, another coal house, tavern, barn, chair house, store, school, steel furnace,, stone buildings marked xx and frame buildings yy. Henry McFarlan, Jr., closed the old iron works in 1869, retiring from active business, and sold the property in 1880 to the Dover Iron Company, organized by Judge Francis S. Lathrop, receiver of the Central Railroadi, from stockholders of that i^ailroad. (See thie article on C. R. R. in this book.) The UJlster Iron Works originated at Saugerties, Ulster County, New York. Building operations were commenced in 1825. In 1827 the Ulster Iron Works Company was formed with William Young, president. Various changes occurred in the control of the works dur- ing the next fifty years, in the course of which C. R. Mulligan and his brother William became associated with the business. C. R. Mulligan retired from the firm in 1876 and in 1883 took the management of the Dover Iron Works at Dover, N. J. In 1884 th^ manufacture of Ulster Iron at Saugerties became unprofitable, owing to lack of railroad connection. The business was then trans- ferred to Dover, where the Dover Iron Works organized by Judge Lathrop had the advantage of the new branch of the Central R. R., recently constructed. In 1903 C. R. Mulligan and his son, John Mulligan, bought the property of the Dover Iron Works from tiie stockholders, and charged the name of the concern to "Ulster Iron Works, Inc.," carrying on in Dover the manufacture of that special grade of iron long known fav- orably to the trade as "Ulster Iron" from Saugerties, N. Y. During the Saugerties history John Simmons figured prominently in the early development and success of the Ulster Iron Works. Tb him has been ascribed the introduction of the Double Puddling Fur- nace as well as some other developments of furnace construction -which are still employed in the manufacture of Ulster Iron. It is also claimed that puddling was first practiced in this country at the Saugerties Mill. 232 At the present writing (1922) the firm is organized as follows: President, C. R. Mulligan; Vice-President, John Mulligan; Secretary- Treasurer, J. D. B. Vreeland ; General Manager, Frank W. Hamilton. The output is marketed by Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, 30 Church St,,. New York. , The works employ, when running to capacity, about 450 men, con^ sisting of puddlers and puddlers' helpers, heaters and helpers, rollers and roll hands, and ordinary laborers. The business depends upon the prosperity and general conditions of the railroads, the prospects being fair at the present time for a revival of activity. The process employed at these works consists of the conversion of pig-iron (cast iron) into wrought iron by means of puddling fur- naces and the 'subsequent rolling of the material into merchant bars. The principal raw materials used are pig iron from Pennsylvania and New Jersey blast furnaces, charcoal pig-iron from the Lake Superior district, ore for fettling from mines of Witherbee, Sherman & Co., Port Henry, N. Y., and bituminous coal from Pennsylvania coal mines. The equipment consists of double puddling furnaces, heating furnaces and roll trains of the type usually employed in this line of business. The products are Ulster special locomotive staybolt iron and Ulster engine bolt iron. Only pig iron of the gray forge grade is used and. no scrap whatever is charged into the puddling furnaces. Extensive additions to the original plant of the Ulster Iron Works have been made in recent y^ars, at some distance further north on the Rockaway River. A description of these additions and improve- ments was published in the Iron Trade Review of March 13, 1919, from which the following abstract is taken. Expansion of the merchant bar iron industry in the eastern states has proceeded very slowly during the past few decades. Few of the plants devoted to this product reflect any marked improvements or extensions. Most of them have been in existence for many years- and the methods and the equipment in use have not been affected noticeably by the passing time. In view of this situation the erection of a new and modem puddling mill by the Ulster Iron Works, Dover, N. J., looms up as the most important recent development in the progress of this industry in the East. The company will have a capacity of from 80 to 100 tons in 24 hours, or more than double its best previous, output when the new mill is in operation. Its old plant has eleven double puddling furnaces. The new plant now contains eleven com- plete double puddling furnaces and space is provided for a second group of eleven furnaces, for which the brick and other materials are now at hand. Ultimately the puddling capacity of the entire works will be 125 to 150 tons daily. 233 Tlie new plant in its entirety was laid out in accordance with ideas advanced by John Mulligan, working in conjunction with the T. W. Price Engineering Company, Woolworth Building, New York City. The latter interest had charge of designing a large portion of the work, and also the superintendence of construction and contracts. In the new plant are to be found all the devices which ingenuity may suggest for the saving of time and labor, such as a monorail system, two overhead conveyors, a magnet crane for unloading pig iron from incoming cars. Consideration for comfortable working conditions for the men has been one of the dominating factors determining the design of the new plant. The sides of the building can be opened in hot weather and the rolling of the hot iron is done away from the vicinity of the puddling furnace standings. The power used in the Ulster Iron Works is mostly steam, although there is electric connection for certain purposes. DOVER BOILER WORKS The Dover Boiler Works was started in 1874 by Foster F. Birch, for many years a well-known citizen of Dover and father of the present owner, William F. Birch. It originally occupied a small rented building on the premises of the Ulster Iron Works; later moving to the old school house at the foot of Morris street, this site now being occupied by Mr. Heller as a wholesale grocery warehouse. From a small repair shop only doing hand repair work, and having only one or two men, the plant has grown until at present it is the largest and best equipped con- tract Plate Work Shop in the New York District and possibly the entire East. The work manufactured consists of a general line of steel plate work, such as, tanks for all purposes, stacks, flues, flumes, stills, dryers, coal bins, ash hoppers, etc. These are made of steel plate and shapes such as angles, I-beams, channels, rounds, squares, rivets, bolts, cast- ings, etc., etc. These materials are secured from the large steel mills, such as, Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa. ; Midvale Steel Company, of Johnstown, Coatesville and Philadelphia ; Lukens Steel Company of Coatesville, Pa. ; Worth Steel Company of Claymont, Del. ; Central Iron and Steel Company of Harrisburg, Pa. ; The Phoenix Iron Com- pany of Phoenixville, Pa., etc. Practically all of this steel is made from ore coming from the famous Messaba Range in the Lake Superior district. The output of the Dover Boiler Works goes all over the United States and practically all over the world. The most famous buildings in the United States have Dover Boiler Works equipment in them. The Woolworth Building in New York City, the highest in the world, has the stack and also the tanks made by the Dover Boiler Works. 234 The Equitable Building, the largest building in the world, has the stack built by the Dover Boiler Works. TWs stack is ii feet in diameter and 640 feet high. On the Pacific Coast, in Seattle, Washington, the L. C. Smith Building, which is 40 stories high and the highest on the West Coast, has a Dover stack in it. Troubled Mexico has a great deal of Dover equipment in its oil refineries, mines and plantations. Porto Rico, Cuba and the West Indies have many Dover installa- tions helping to operate sugar plantations, oil refineries and asphalt plants. South America is dotted with equipment from Dover. In the silver mines of Peru, among the peaks of the Andes, in Brazil and the Argentine, Dover helps to recover silver, produce electric current, operate abattoirs and other enterprises. In distant India the most modern of blast furnaces are partly Dover equipment. Far away China has several installations for handling and refin- ing Soya Bean Oil. It also has modem cotton mills, some of which are operated by Dover equipment. In Penang there are cement mills with equipment from Dover. In the Philippines are several sugar plantations, cocoanut oil sta- tions, etc., with materials from Dover. Snowy Siberia has also some Dover equipment in its gold mines. Norway produces aluminum in large quantities and Dover appar- atus is helping to do it. In Old England, in Sunny France, in Africa and in practically the whole world, equipment manufactured by the Dover Boiler Works helps to do the world's work. The Dover Boiler Works is owned by Mr. William F. Birch, who is also the General Manager. The products of the Works are sold from three offices, viz : One in Dover, New Jersey, with Mr. J. V. Loughlin in charge; one in New York City with Mr. Walter Goldsworthy in charge ; one in Philadelphia, Pa., with Mr. Henry F. Vache in charge. Dover is an excellent location for a works of this character. Being only 38 miles from New York City, it is easily and quickly reached by freight; but, if necessary, work is trucked to its destination, thus avoiding freight delays. About one hundred and fifty persons are employed, including engi- neers, bookkeepers, stenographers, clerks, boilermakers, machinists, blacksmiths, welders, flangers, pipe-fitters, patternmakers, electricians, handymen and laborers. 235 THE McKlERNAN-TERRY DRILL COMPANY DO'VER N. J. Mr. Samuel G. McKiernan, a contractor of Paterson, N. J., along about 1890 developed a rock drill of what is now commonly known as the tripod type. At the same time Mr. Gustave Reinberg, associated with the Atlantic Dynamite Co., was furnishing Mr. McKiernan with powder sn his contracting work, and a friendship grew out of this "business association which later brought the two together as partners. McKiernan at that time had his drills manufactured in Paterson and Mr. Reinberg undertook their exploitation in the territory which he -was traveling for the Powder Co. The business prospered and in 1895 ^ corporation was formed known as the McKiernan Drill Co. To increase the market for the McKiernan drill, an air compressor was manufactured for the new company by the Lambert Hoisting Engine Co. of Newark. The busi- ness continued to grow to such an extent that in October, 1900, a piece of property was purchased on Richards avenue, Dover, N. J., where its plant was established and which it has occupied up to the present time. At about the time the Dover property was acquired there began to be an occasional demand for pile hammers for driving wooden sheet- ing in trenching operations. This device was an adaptation of the standard rock drill which the company was building. The McKiernan drill became well and favorably known among mines in the regions about Dover and for a number of years was stand- ard equipment with them. Several large quarry companies in the Hud- son River valley also became converts to McKiernan apparatus, so with the growing trade, new machinery was installed in the factory and the facilities for production largely increased. In 1910 the McKiernan Drill Co. absorbed The Terry Core Drill Co., the latter organization being manufacturers of a core drill fof exploratory work which had gained a considerable reputation at home and abroad. With the consolidation there came into the organization a new personnel, and with the exception of Mr. Gustave Reinberg, who died in 1915, the same ofificial organization is still in charge of the enterprise. In mechanical lines style§ change as well as they do in other industries, and so in 1910 there was a departure from the conventional ' type of drilling equipment and the introduction of what is now com- monly known as the "one man" drill. At the same time there came about an increased demand for pile-driving equipment incident to the exploitation of steel sheet piling, which was introduced into the market l>y some of the large steel manufacturers. The growing business in this line made necessary the development of very much larger pUe hammers than the Company had made before. For the successful oase of steel .sheet piling it was necessary to have a reliable pile-driving 236 hammer, and so it can readily be seen that the success of one depended' largely upon the other, and so it follows that with the introduction of steel sheet piling throughout this country and in foreign lands, the pile hammer followed as a companion to it. Other articles of manufacture are lifting jacks, known in the trade as the "Doughboy Jack," a name to which it is justly entitled as it represents a development far ahead of anything of its kind hereto- fore made. Drills, of course, are one of the standard products and^ like any household tool, are too well known to warrant describing. The addition of a large building during the war period increased the capacity of the plant and with improved business conditions, the company will have accommodation for an increased volume of trade which in the future will inure to the benefit of the community. To-day McKiernan-Terry products are a familiar name in every country throughout the world, its pile-driving apparatus in particular being standard not only with all large engineering and construction firms in the United States, but also in all other countries in the world where pile-driving of any kind is done. During the world war McKiernan-Terry Pile Hammers played their part. They drove practically all "of the piling, several miles in extent, for the new harbor at Richboro, England, from which point the British shipped the bulk of their supplies and troops to France. This was what was known as "The Netted Way." Their use in English dock-yards and for artillery foundations; and ibuilding foundations, was another place where th(ey ifiguiied conspicuously. In France the French engineers used them at the front for driving^ piles for the emplacement of guns. They also came into use when temporary bridges were erected and their speedy work was greater than would have been possible had the engineers been obliged to resort to the old type of drop hammer. At the conclusion of the war the French engineers made special mention of McKiernan-Terry pile hammers in a report which they submitted to this Government. In our own country, this apparatus played its part in the war period at such places as the great shipyard at Hog Island and other large ones 4n the South and on the Pacific Coast, at some of the cantonments, quartermasters' terminals, and in many other important and necessary projects of the time. As a peace-time device, it has played an equally important part in the construction of great engineering enterprises throughout the world. In the building of subways in the United States it has predomin- ated. It has played an important part in similar work in Paris, Buenos; Aires, and Tokyo. In the building of dams the call for McKiernan-Terry pile ham- mers has come from many large cities in India, South Africa, Siam, 237 ■on the Murray River in Australia, and such other remote corners as New Zealand. In the building of highways for transportation, Nome and Fair- Tjanks, Alaska, join hands with Cape Town. Through the Strait Set- tlements into the Jungles of Java, in fact, there is scarcely any place in the world where any important engineering operation has been performed, that McKieman-Terry pile hammers have not followed in the wake of the engineer. Mr. T. E. Sturtevant, long a resident of Rockaway, N. J,, has been associated with the company since 1900. To his effort is attrib^ uted the development of the various lines which the company is now manufacturing. Mr. Sturtevant was in charge of the plant for a number of years and also served as an officer of the company. Later ■on he became the company's Chief Engineer, which position he sti,ll 'Occupies, as well as that of Treasurer. He is the only one of the orig- inal McKiernan Drill Co. officials, who is still active in the organiza- tion. Mr. A. W. Buttenheim, President, came into the organization with The Terry Core Drill Co. in 1910. Mr. Buttenheim is Vice-Presi- •dent of The Frederick Snare Corp., a large and successful engineering and contracting concern in New York. Despite his many duties inci- dent to that business, he has been able to give valuable time and atten- tion to the interests of the McKiernan-Terry Dirill Co. Mr. Buttenheim's brother, Lester H. Buttenheim, from 1910 until 1921 was attached to the sales organization of the company in New York City, since when he has become Vice-President and Super- intendent of the Dover Works. Mr. Charles S. Ackley, Secretary, with headquarters in New York, and also a Terry Core Drill officer, has been in charge of sales since 1910. After Mr. L. H. Buttenheim left the selling organization to assume his duties in Dover, his place was filled in the New York office by Mr. Earle R. Evans, who is also Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer of the Company. A word with reference to the employees of the organization may not be amiss. Many of those who started with the company at its Dover plant in 1900, are still members of the organization. Sev- eral have never had employment in any other concern and have grown up and developed there as skilled artisans. Practically 90 per cent, of the factory employees are skilled workmen, such as tool makers, pattern makers, blacksmiths, machinists, draftsmen, etc. By reason of the depressed condition in business, the number of employees at the present is only about one-half of those engaged in normal times. It is expected, though, that with a betterment in trade conditions, both foreign and domestic the number of employees will be much larger than at any time in the past. The handiwork of these crafts- •;men has been attested by mechanical critics both in this country and abroad. This, in itself, is a commentary on a few of Dover's citizens iin which the town should take pride. 238 The fact that many of the company's employees have seen service for two decades, is proof of the fairness of the company's manage- ment toward them. Many of the workers are stockholders in the company and it has been a policy of the management to interest all those who are able to do so in the purchase of its shares in order that they may feel that they haye a real interest in the success and prosperity of the McKiernan-Terry Drill Co., and as a safe invest- ment for their savings. After twenty years of persistent work and the advertising of its product, there is no longer any doubt in the minds of a prospective buyer as to where the factory of the McKiernan-Terry Drill Co. is located. Unfortunately the business has suffered in common with all others during the post-war adjustment. The peak of prosperity cul- minated with 1920, since when business dropped to a point comparable with that of 1914. At present there are strong indications of a better business tone and, strange though it may seem, the export business has taken a new turn and a substantial portion of the output is now going to foreign fields. There are but three manufacturers in the United States of equip- ment of the type made by the McKiernan-Terry Drill Co. and as they have no foreign competitor worthy of mention, the export market is not only large, but is just beginning to grow. The growth of the business bears a close relationship to the product which was built in 1900 and that of the present day. Take, for instance, the pile hammer line: In 1900 a large McKieman pile hammer weighed but 145 lbs.; to-day it is not uncommon to find a McKiernan-Terry hammer that weighs 13,000 lbs. at work either around New York City, London, or in some far-off corner of Asia. The company extends credit for assistance rendered by many of Dover's citizens and business organizations who have helped to develop a growing industry in which it is beheved this community must take •a just pride. THE DOWNS-SLATER IRON FOUNDRY, INC. Founded 191 1, by John W. Downs and Walter Slater. Located at the old Washington Forge, Wharton, N. J. Removed to Dover, to a new foundry on Salem street, in September, 1916, for the convenience of customers and better railroad facilities. The firm consists of John W. Downs, President; Walter Slater, Secretary and Treasurer; Charles M. Downs, Vice-President. These are the officers and sole owners. The company employs eleven molders, one coremaker, two pattern- makers, one carpenter, one stenographer, one cupola-tender, four lab- orers. The raw materials used by the foundry consist of wood from Dover, 239 sand from Pennsylvania, pig iron from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, coke from New Jersey, flour and linseed oil from Dover. The foundry turns out iron grey castings and general jobbing work for Dover and vicinity, doing practically all the work of this kind that they require. The power employed is electricity. The equipment of our pattern shop is as good as any between Dover and Newark. Transportation of products is by trucks. Central R. R., and Lacka- wanna R. R. Business is improving and growing. This is the only foundry doing general work in Dover. THE FROG AND SWITCH SHOP The Frog arid Switch Shop of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company is located at East Dover, N. J. At this plant all maintenance of way material such as frogs, cross- ings, switches, switch stands, etc., are manufactured. In addition to this a large amount of metal fence, push cars and hand cars are manufactured and gasoline motor cars are repaired and also a large amount of miscel- laneous other work is turned out at this plant, such as repairs to track and tools. All new track tools for the entire Lackawanna System are distributed from the store-house in connection with the plant. This industry was moved to Dover in 1912 from Kingston, Pa., where it was operated from 1899 to 1912. The raw material used at this plant consists of steel rail of sections to correspond with the sections in main track of this company. It is furnished by the dififerent rail mills in the Eastern District. In addi- tion to this, a large quantity of bar iron and mild steel is used in the manufacture of frogs, crossings, and switches. The product from this plant is shipped to every point on the Dela- ware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, this being the only mainten- ance shop of its kind on the system ; and, in fact, there is no other plant of its kind on any other railroad so extensively engaged in the manufac- ture of track material. The machinery is largely of special type, in that machine tools used for this class of work must necessarily be very rigid and powerful. This machinery is purchased from time to time and the machines now in use in this plant came from practically all parts of the country. The location of this shop is particularly advantageous to the Dela- ware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, for the reason that the larger portion of its output is used on the Eastern end of the road. The plant is in the Engineering Department, Mr. A. J. Neafie, Principal Assistant Engineer, being in direct charge of this plant, to- gether with everything pertaining to maintenance of way. The super- visory officer in charge of the plant proper is Mr. C. B. Fretich. The other employees consist of six office men, nine blacksmiths, 22 machin- ists, 35 helpers to mechanics, and five apprentices, making a total of 100 employees who are steadily employed the year round. The yearly payroll at this shop, for 192 1, was something in excess 240 of $140,000.00. During the year 1921, this industry handled material shipments, including track tools and other product, worth something over $725,000.00. Close to the shops are located two hot-houses for growing plants to be placed in the station grounds along the line of the road. Between 48,000 and 50,000 plants are used per annum. There is also a concrete post manufacturing plant, where concrete posts for use along the right of way are manufactured. At the present time it is turning out approximately 240 posts per day. C. B. French, General Shop Foreman. IRON MINES— PIG IRON— STEEL RICHARD MINE The Richard Mine, owned by The Thomas Iron Company, is located in Rockaway Township. The property was purchased by the present owner on October 30, 1856, and has been in continuous opera- tion since 1857. The total production during this period is approxi- mately 3,500,000 tons of magnetic iron ore, all of which was shipped to the furnaces of The Thomas Iron Company. During the past few months the concentrating mill has been modernized under the direction of Roche & Stoddard, Consulting Engineers. Upon its completion in the near future it will be as modern as any concentating mill in the United States. In 1918 the adjoining Allen and Teabo Mines, owned by Wharton Steel Company, were purchased. Such ore as is found in this property will be mined and milled through the plant on the Richard property. Note: — This is that mine that Richard B. Faesch advertised for sale or rent, in 1816, described as lying in the Township of Pequan- nock, near Mt. Pleasant, adding that "a new whim has lately been erected for the purpose of raising the ore with a horse." John Jacob Faesch, of Revolutionary times, named this mine after his son, Rich- ard. — Ed. THE REPLOGLE STEEL COMPANY REPLOGLE STEEL COMPANY :— Successors to the Wharton Steel Company, organized and incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, October 30th, 1919. HOME OFFICE :— Furnace avenue, Wharton, New Jersey. LOCATION OF PLANT :— Wharton, New Jersey. OFFICERS :— Chairman of Board, J. Leonard Replogle President, Leonard Peckitt Vice-President, Charles M. MacNeill Vice-President, Lewis P. Ross Secretary and Treasurer, S. H. Bell Assistant Secretary and Treasurer, E. F. Nickerson Auditor, L. R. Dohm 241 FURNACE PLANT :— The furnace plant consists of two blast fur- naces including all necessary auxiliary equipment for economical operation. POWER USED :— Steam and electricity. PRODUCT: — The product consists of pig iron only. VARIETIES: — The various grades of pig iron produced are: Basic, Bessemer, Forge, Foundry, Malleable. TRANSPORTATION :— The plant has excellent railroad facilities, being served by the Central Railroad of New Jersey, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western and Wharton and Northern Railroad Companies. OPERATIONS : — At the present time only one furnace is being oper- ated. MINING PROPERTY:— In addition to the furnace plant, the com- pany operates a well-developed mine at Replogle Village (Scrub Oak) , within two miles of the plant itself. Mining operations are not being conducted at the present time. WHARTON STEEL COMPANY :— Wharton Steel Company, of which Replogle Steel Company are successors, was organized and incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey, Novem- ber 8th, 1907. OFFICERS : — The officers elected at the first meeting of the directors after incorporation were: President, Joseph Wharton Secretary, Harry C. Wenner Vice-President, J. Bertram Lippincott Treasurer, Harrison S. Morris The Jerseyman of August 26, 1922, states that the Replogle Steel Company, which increased its holdings this spring by the purchase of the Empire Steel and Iron Company, is now employing 1,000 persons. The history of the company prior to the incorporation of the Whar- ton Steel Company involves that of the Port Oram Iron Company, New Jersey Iron Mining Company and several lesser mining and blast fur- nace operations, all of which were purchased at different times by Joseph Wharton and finally lost their identity through incorporation as Wharton Steel Company. THE WHARTON AND NORTHERN RAILROAD The Replogle Company operates the Wharton and Northern Rail- road, which is a common carrier, having 23 J/^ miles of main track extending from Wharton to Green Pond Junction, N. J. This road' serves tfie army and navy arsenal at Picatinny and also has an extensive cross-over business in raw material with three important lines. It con- nects at Wharton with the D., L. & W. Railroad, at Wharton and Lake Junction with the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and at Green Pond Junction with the Erie Railroad. There is also a trackage agreement with the Central Railroad of New Jersey for the operation of trains between Lake Junction and Hopatcong Junction and in this way the blast furnaces are connected with the Replogle mine. 242 THE NORTH JERSEY STEEL COMPANY .1. Name and Location: North Jersey Steel Company, incorpo- rated June 29, 1920, under the laws of New Jersey. The only plant in operation at present is the Beach Glen Mine, located two miles north of Rockaway, N. J. The business office of the company is in Dover, in the National Union Bank Building. 2. Officers : H. M. Roche, President and Manager ; H. P. Hen- derson, Vice-President and Consulting Engineer ; W. E. Shaw, Jr., Secretary; E. Chegwidden, Assistant Treasurer; J. C. Stoddard, Chief Mining Engineer. 3. Number of employees ranges from 100 to 300, depending upon the demand for ore. Class of labor includes Americans, Italians, Span- iards, Russians and Slavonians. Principal number of men are employed underground and are Russians, Slavonians and Spaniards. 4. At the present time the average wage paid per man is $3.50 per eight-hour day. 5. Value of year's output depends upon business conditions. Average price of iron ore f . o. b. Mines for the past ten years and prior to the war was $3.50 per ton; a price of $4.50 per ton may be expected at the present time. The output of the mine will range from 50,00a tons as a minimum to 250,000 tons per years as a maximum. As a by- product crushed stone and sand are produced from milling operations, and at the present time the selling price f. o. b. Mines is $1.25 per ton for crushed rock and $0.80 per ton for the sand size. The tonnage of crushed rock will vary from 25,000 to 100,000 tons per annum, and the production of the sand size will vary from 50,000 to 150,000 tons per annum. 6. A great variety of machinery, of course, is used in mining and concentrating iron ores. The principal manufacturers of mining machin- ery are: IngersoU-Rand Co., Sullivan Machinery Co., Denver Rock Drill Co., and the Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. The principal manu- facturers of milling machinery are : Traylor Engineering & Mfg. Co.,, Stephens-Adamson Mfg. Co., and Dings Magnetic Separator Co. 7. The product of this company at present is a Bessemer ore run- ning 60 per cent, in iron and 0.03 per cent, phosphorus. As by-products crushed rock of various sizes and sand are produced. 8. Concentrated iron ore is sold to a number of blast furnaces in Eastern Pennsylvania, ^while the crushed rock and sand are disposed of throughout Northern New Jersey to contractors. 9. At the Beach Glen Mine electric power is used, purchased from- The New Jersey Power & Light Co., at Dover. ID. Re-opening of old mines in Northern New Jersey should be of special interest to people of Dover, as Dover is the center of the iron ore district in the northern part of the State, and should a number of the old mines be re-opened, Dover perhaps would benefit more than any other town. The aj)plication of better mining methods and the very considerable advance in the art of concentrating iron ores has made it possible to re-open many of the old mines in the vicinity of Dover and operate them with a very considerable profit. 243 DEVELOPING NORTH JERSEY IRON ORES By E. C. Kreutzberg Real Development Work Began in 1912 Iron ore mines in New Jersey were first worked in 1710 and from that time to 1912 mining continued on a more or less intermittent scale with practically no change in methods and without the use of adequate equipment. Blast furnace men have long known of New Jersey iron ores, but it is only since 1912 that the value of these ores and their extent has been fully realized. In the last two years the importance of. these ores to eastern blast furnaces^ has become pro- nounced, the change being due not only to the increased freight rates on Lake Superior ores but also on account of the fact that a consider- able advance in the art of concentrating the iron ores has been made. The concentrated ores are now much more desirable, from the furnace- man's point of view, than formerly. Since pre-revolutionary days New Jersey has been noted for its iron mines, although from 1883 to 1912 production declined, owing to the influx of cheap western ores to eastern furnaces. Since 1912 the situation has changed decidedly, as New Jersey concentrated iron ores; now can be delivered to eastern furnaces at a considerably lower cost than western ores, on account of the introduction of new methods in mining Jersey ore deposits and on account of the development of mag- netic ore concentration to a high state of efficiency. Another important factor that helped to revive Jersey iron mining is the very large increase in the cost of transporting Lake Superior ores to eastern districts. Quite recently two of the old New Jersey mines have been reopened, one of these being the Beach Glen mine. The Beach Glen iron ore property, near Rockaway, N. J., was taken over by the North Jersey Steel Co., July i, 1920, and ore shipments from the mine com- menced January i, 192 1. Diamond drilling disclosed four ore shoots. The property is estimated to contain 10,500,000 tons of crude ore as follows: One million five hundred thousands tons copper free, low phosphorous ore ; 3,000,000 tons bessemer ore and 6,000,000 tons non- bessemer ore. Location of Property The Beach Glen property is located two miles north of the town of Rockaway, in Morris County, New Jersey. The mine is thirty-eight miles northwest of New York harbor and is in the center of the iron ore region of the New Jersey highlands. The Hibemia branch of the Central Railroad of New jersey passes within 1,000 "feet of the plant at the mine and rail connection is made through a switch 2,000 feet long. The Beach Glen mine property, controlled by the North Jersey Steel Company, is 1.4 miles long by 0.6-mile wide and contains approxi- mately 500 acres. The ore shoots extend entirely through the property in the direction of its longitudinal axis. Beach Glen is one mile southeast of the Hibernia mine and the strike of the Beach Glen ore is parallel with the strike of the Hibemia shoots. In the same district is the Mt. Plope mine, owned by the Empire Steel & Iron Company; the Richard mine, owned by the Thomas Iron Co., and the Replogle mine owned by the Wharton Steel Company. 244 History of Beach Glen Mine It is probable that this mine was first operated about 1760 as in that y«JH- there was a charcoal forge built at Beach Glen on the borders of Beach Glen pond and within 200 feet of where the main Beach Glen ore shoot outcropped. This forge continued in operation for many years and was dismantled in 1854. The first mining work of record was in 1808 when the surface was stripped and the ore' excavated for a depth of a few feet. It is not known how. long work continued at that time but the place was shortly after abandoned and was reopened in 185 1. At that time the ore was taken from two shafts one on the southwest edge of the hill and the other 400 feet farther northeast, both openings being made on the same ore shoot. There is no record as to whether or not the mine was worked continuously from 1851 to 1868, but in the latter year it was operated and continued in operation until 1875 when work was again stopped. The mine was reopened in 1879 and ore taken from two ore shoots. The mine then closed down in September, 1885, and was reopened in 1896, being operated continu- ously up to 1900. In 1901 the mine was reopened and a three-com- partment «haft was sunk to a depth of 460 feet. The shaft was in ore all the way and ore also was hoisted from small stopes through this shaft. In 1903 the mine closed down and had not been worked up to July, 1920, when the North Jersey Steel Company took over the property. The early work at the mine was mostly confined to the western- most ore shoot from which a bessemer grade of ore was produced. The total production of this mine up to 1920 was approximately 200,000 tons. The mine was formerly worked at periods of good times and when the price of iron ores was high. As is the case at all New Jersey mines, the ores must be concentrated before shipment to furnaces and in the early days the only method by which these ores were prepared for market was by hand-cobbing. The early miners had practically no machinery and as long as activities were confined to hand-drilling and hand-cobbing, the mines could only be worked when the price of ore was extremely high. In recent years, however, •conditions have changed so that New Jersey iron ores now may be jtWined, prepared for market and delivered to consuming furnaces in leastem Pennsylvania at a lower cost than iron orei from any other .source. L^mard Peckitt, president of the Empire Steel & Iron Co., prob- ably was the first to realize the importance of modernizing operations at the New Jersey mines. The Empire Steel & Iron Co. had operated the Mount Hope and Oxford mines from 1899 to 1912 by practically the same methods that had been used for the past 100 years. In 1912 Mr. Peckitt employed Wilkens & Devereaux, of New York, as con- isulting mining engineers for the Mount Hope! and Oxford mines. He ag:reed to a scheme presented by the engineers for modernizing the mine at an expenditure of several hundred thousand dollars. H. M Roche, now president of the North Jersey Steel Co., was' given active 245 charge of this work and was superintendent at Mount Hope in charge of construction and development work and in charge of mining for a period of five y^ars. The excellent results obtained by Mr. Roche at this mine no doubt were among the principal factors that influenced J. Leonard Replogle to purchase the old Wharton Steel Co. properties in 1917. Mines Are Consolidated In 1916, the Beach Glen mine and the two adjoining properties known as the Misel and Cobb tracts, were consolidated by Mr. Roche. The Beach Glen mine was then unwatered, surveyed and the ore shoots thoroughly sampled. Concentration tests were made on the ore and the property was at that time diamond drilled. The work of unwater- ing, sampling and diamond drilling covered a period of ten months and was concluded shortly after Mr. Replogle bought the Wharton Steel Co. properties. Mr. Replogle, after acquiring the Wharton, properties, offered the position of general superintendent of mines to Mr. Roche, who accepted, as financing a mining property such as Beach Glen in war times seemed to offer considerable difficulty. Mr. Roche remained with the W'harton Steel Co. for a period of two and one-half years, during which time he developed the Replogle mine, constructed the surface plant and built and operated the concentration mills at that mine. On January i, 1920, Mr. Roche severed his connection with the WhartonSteel Co. and immediately took up the development of the Beach Glen property. The New Jersey iron mining industry owes a great deal to the work of Mr. Roche. He has always been enthusiastic about the possi- bilities of the iron ore deposits of northern New Jersey, and in his nine years' work as superintendent of the Mount Hope and Replogle mines and as consulting engineer for the Richard mine, has introduced many changes in the mining and milling methods and has been signally successful in producing large tonnages at low cost. The prominence the New Jersey iron ore .deposits have recently attained is partly due to the efforts of Mr. Roche to place them on their proper footing. Considerable credit, however, should go to Leonard Peckitt of the Empire Steel &; Iron Co., to W. A. Barrows, Jr., of the Thomas Iron Co., and to J. Leonard Replogle of the Replogk Steel Co. New Jersey will ever owe a debt to these men for re-establishing her iron mining industry, as this has been accomplished principally by their vision and energy. The ore of the New Jersey deposits is almost wholly magnetite. In two of the mines operating at present hematite is found mixed with the miagnetite. Magnetite occurs in the gneisses of pegmatites and limestones, but the ore bodies associated with the gneisses thus far have proved the most important and valuable. The gneisses of the New Jersey highlands consist of approximately parallel layers of different varieties of gneiss, all of which present a more or less well- defined linear structure in the arrangement of their constituents. The layers of gneiss generally strike northeast, dip steeply to the southeast 246 and pitch to the northeast at low angles of from 10 to 20 degrees. The ore occurs in the gneiss as layers, some of the ore layers being roughly elliptical in shape while others are of tubular form. The ore layers are locally called ore bodies, lenses, veins or shoots, the latter desig- nation being most commonly used. The ore shoots are all conformable to the enclosing gneiss, one peculiarity of both the gneisses and ore shoots being their uniform pitch at low angles to the northeast. At the Beach Glen mine there are four parallel shoots of ore, three of which are being developed at the present time. The series of ore shoots dip with the dip of the associated gneiss and pitch parallel to the pitch of their structure, the ore shoots having well-defined top and bottom limits. The rock overlying the shoots is called the top rock and that underneath the ore the bottom rock. The ore shoots vary considerably in width and height but along their strike they persist for unknown distances. In fact, there is no known case where any ore shoot has been found to die out or become smaller in the direction along its strike. In some cases the downward course of thd ore shoots is interrupted by faults, but the faults are all later than the ore deposits and cannot permangitly terminate them. In all cases where an adequate amount of development work has been done in search of faulted ore shoots, the continuations have been found. At the Hiber- nia mine, one mile northwest of the Beach Glen mine, the Hibernia ore shoot was worked for a distance of 8,500 feet on its strike with no variation in size or value of the ore. Authorities state that there is about 200,000,000 tons of present day commercial iron ore in northern New Jersey, of which 90 per cent is within the boundaries of Morris County. About 75 per cent, of the known ore reserves in Morris County is controlled by four companies, as follows: North Jersey Steel Co., 10,000,000 tons ; Empire Steel & Iron Co., 20.000,000 tons ; the Thomas Iron Co., 15,000,000 tons; Replogle Steel Co., 90,000,000 tons, or a total of 135,000,000 tons. Preparation of Ores for Market The bulk of the ores in northern New Jersey range from 35 to 50 per cent, in iron content in their natural state, and, therefore, must be concentrated before shipment to blast furnace plants. All of the ores which are being mined at the present time are magnetic, with the exception of ores mined at the Replogle and Ringwood mines. At both these mines about 30 per cent, of the iron in the crude ore is hematite, the balance being magnetite. The method of concentration is crush- ing, sizing and separation by magnetic separators, except at the Rep- logle and Ringwood mills where magnetic separation is supplemented by means of tables or jigs. On an average the grade of the ores is raised by concentration to 60 per cent, in iron, while a large percentage of the silica and phosphorus in the crude ore is eliminated. The ores generally are crushed to a 2-inch size or smaller before concentration is commenced, and the concentrated ore is in such physical condition that it can be readily used at furnaces. The moisture in the concenerated ore as shipped is negligible as most of the ores are dried before milling. The concentrate resulting from magnetic concen- 247 tration contains practically no moisture, does not freeze in cars and is shipped the year round from the mines to the furnaces. Another advantage in concentrating the ores is the fact that freight rates are paid per ton on an exceptionally high grade iron ore containing 60 or more units of iron and but very little moisture, while Lake Superior ores as shipped are generally from 5 to 12 per cent, lower in iron per ton and in many cases contain 10 per cent, or more moisture. On account of their excessive moisture content consider- able difficulty is experienced through freezing of ore in cars or on stock piles in cold weather, a difficulty which is not had with New Jersey concentrated ores. Within a radius of 250 miles of the iron ore mines of Morris County are 37 blast furnace plants. These blast furnace plants, with a total of 89 stacks, consume annually 12,000,000 tons of iron ore when running at full capacity. Most of the iron ore used by these blast furnaces is obtained from the Lake Superior region or from foreign countries. Freight rates on Lake Superior ores to eastern Pennsylvania blast furnaces are extremely high as compared to freight rates from northern New Jersey mines to the same furnaces. In view of the freight differential in favor of New Jersey ores, it has been said that this one factor alone should restore New Jersey ores to favor. For instance, where in the past an eastern Pennsylvania blast furnace plant had been consuming 250,000 tons of Lake Superior ores per annum and found that at the present time it could replace this tonnage with New Jersey concentrated ore, the saving to the furnace would be over half a million dollars annually in freight charges on such replacement of iron ores. Concentrating the Ore The improved methods of concentration now employed make it possible to market Jersey ores in competition with those imported from Cuba and Chile and those from< the Lake Superior region. High freight rates which handicap the distribution of lake ore to eastern fur- naces, have been an incentive in developing the North Jersey miines. In the latter part of 1920, an experimental magnetic concentrating mill with a capacity of 100 tons per day was erected at Beach Glen, and shipments of concentrate were made to two furnace plants. After shipments had gone forward for two months from the small mill to the furnaces, work was started on a concentrating mill with a capacity of 1,500 tons of crude ore per day. Shipments from the experimental mill have been kept up steadily to furnaces until the present time, but this mill has been dismantled as the large mill now is completed and in operation. The first step taken in designing the large concentrating mill was the construction of a model of the proposed mill shown in Fig. 8. The model was built on a scale of i inch to i foot. All machines and equipment were built into the model, shafting put up and belts placed from shafting to machines. The model was found most useful during the erection. of the mill and there were no corrections to be made nor 248 remodeling of the mill or rearrangement of equipment after the mill was completed. In building the model attention was given to safe- guarding all moving machinery and details of this part of the work were so well worked out that the department of labor of the state of New Jersey requested the model be given them to bei placed on perma- nnt exhibition at the department of labor building, 571 Jersey avenue, Jersey City, N. J. In general, the new Beach Glen mill, as shown in Fig. 9 differs from other magnetic mills treating similar ore in that it has about 60 per cent, less floor area than other mills of equal capacity, and that in treatment the entire run of mine crude ore, after passing the first crusher, is given a thorough washing before further treatment. This is clearly indicated in Fig. 7. After washing the ore is classified as "coarse ore," that is, plus ^ and minus 2 inches in size, and as "fine ore" or minus 54 inch in size. The coarse material, or plus % inch,, is further screened into two sizes as follows : Plus % and minus ^ in. and plus ^ and minus 2 ins. The fine material or minus % in. size. is. further screened into two sizes as follows: Minus J4 inch and plus- 20 mesh, and minus 20 mesh. The two coarse sizes are treated on dry drum separators, shown in Fig. 11, where concentrate and mid- dling is made. The middling then is discharged on to high intensity pulley type machines where the pure rock is thrown off as tailing and the middling made by these machines sent to rolls, sho^n in Fig. 10, to be recrushed and then further treated. There are two closed crush- ing circuits in the mill. The ore as it comes into the mill is first crushed by a 24 x 36-inch jaw crusher and elevated to a trommel screen with % and 2-inch round screen openings. The oversize from the 2-inch screen is sent to an 8-inch gyratory crusher and the crushed ore from the gyratory sent back through the trommel again until all the ore has first passed either a ^ or 2-inch screen opening before going to the separating machines. After the middling from the high intensity pulley-type machines is recrushed, it is elevated to the top of the mill and discharged over vibrating screens with J^-inch square screen openings, the oversize from these screen being returned to the rolls until all the middling has been crushed to pass a J^-inch screen: opening and is joined to the minus j4-inch material which was in the original feed to the mill and which was first washed in the trommel; and later screened through j4-inch screens. The minus J^-inch and plus; 2Q mesh size is treated upon wet magnetic drum separators and the minus 20 mesh material is treated by water concentration sand tables.. The wet magnetic drums and sand tables make concentrate and tailing only. Avoids Evils of Drying Heretofore magnetic ores have first been dried by means of tower- dryers and all the ore has been separated upon dry magnetic machines. These ores either have to Ij^e dried before separation or the fine ores treated on wet machines with additional water added because the run of mine ore, or minus yi-mzh size, contains so much moisture that it 249' is too sticky to be concentrated in its natural emditim. The objection to drying ores is that a tremendous amount of dust is created in the mill which is not only injurious to mill operators but is the cause of considerable loss of operating time due to the breakdown of equipment. It also is difficult to obtain first class mill men to work in dusty mills. Another objection to all dry concentration is that each individual piece of ore becomes cog.ted with dust which contains phosphorus and the resulting concentrate is lower in iron and higher in silica and phos- phorus than if washed before treatment. Generally concentrate made in dry mills ranges between 56 and 58 per cent, in iron while in mills- where the ore is washed before treatment and the fine ores separated on wet machines, the concentrate will be found to range from 62 to 6/ per cent, in iron. This grade of ore is more desired by furnace mem and the freight rate per unit of iron is reduced by shipping a higher grade ore. Designers Are Named The 48-inch by 42-foot pan conveyor was built by Stephens-Adam- son Mfg. Co., Aurora, 111., as were the belt conveyors. The gyratory crusher was manufactured by the Traylor Engineering' & Mfg. Co., Allentown, Pa. The magnetic separators were built by the Dings Mag- netic Separator Co., Milwaukee. All mill equipment is driven by a 200-horsepower induction motor, except the trommel screen and elevators which are driven by a 50-horse- power induction motor. Tbe 200-horsepower unit was built by the Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh, and the so-horsepower motor by the General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. The 3-phase, 60-cycle current is delivered to the motors at 2300 volts. The vibrat- ing screens take current at 440 volts. The direct current for the magnetic separators is generated by a 280-ampere, i2S-volt, motor generator set built by the General Electric Co. In the mill and from railway cars to the mill "heavy parts are handled by 5-ton, hand-operated cranes manufactured by the Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., Cleveland, The mill has been built to handle bessemer ore although non-bes- semer or low phosphorus ores can be treated equally as well, the general treatment applying to any of the three grades of ore found in the mine. Plans for a smaller mill for the separate treatment of low phos- phorus ores now are being made, and it is expected that the low phosphorus mill will be built at once. The new Beach Glen mill has a capacity of approximately 1000 tons of concentrate per 24 hours and the low phosphorus mill will have a capacity of 300 tons of concentrate per day. While the experimental mill was in operation, the different Beach Glen ores were concentrated so as to determine the grades of concen-^ trate which will be placed on the market. Partial analyses of the three grades of Beach Glen concentrated ore appear in the accompanying table. .^50 General Surface Plant Electric power for the entire Beach Glen operation is purchased from the New Jersey Power & Light Co. and is delivered at 2300 volts. A transformer station has been built at the mine where the current is stepped down from 33,000 to 2300 volts. Two Ingersoll- Rand 22 x 13 x 16-inch electrically driven air compressors with a total capacity of 2400 cubic feet of air per minute are in use at the present time. A blacksmith and drill sharpening shop has been built on the surface near the inclined shaft collar. This shop has been equipped with drill sharpeners and coke forges for heating steel built by the IngersoU-Rand Co. Later this shop will be moved underground to do away with the transfer of steel. A steam heating plant consisting of one 150-horsepower locomotive-type boiler has been erected and the entire surface plant is heated with steam at 25 pounds pressure. A well equipped warehouse is established at the mine and the mine offices are in the same building. Considerable attention is paid to safety features and to the welfare of employees. The success of this work is demonstrated by the fact that the North Jersey Steel Co. has built up an efficient organization. For data given in this article the writer is indebted to the admin- istrative and operating offices of the North Jersey Steel Co., Harry M. Roche, president and manager; Joseph P. Stampher, underground superintendent ; Jesse C. Stoddard, chief mining engineer, and Arthur C Noble, master mechanic. The preceding extracts are from The Iron Trade Review of No- vember 10, 17, 1921, published at Qeveland, Ohio. ANALYSES OF ORES Low Phosphorus Ore Per cent. Iron 1 65.00 Silica 5.00 Phosphorus 0.006 Limje 0.56 Alumina 1.71 Magnesia ,. 0.98 Copper 0.00 Sulphur o.oi Titanium 0.13 Vanadium 0.14 Chromium , o.oi Moisture 0.68 Bessemer Ore Iron 63.00 Silica 8.20 Phosphorus 0.04 Lime ' " 0.78 251 Alumina 1.25 Magnesia 1.12 Copper 0.00 Sulphur , 0.05 Titanium 0.16 Vanadium 0.13 Chromium 0.02 Moisture 0.71 Nonbessemer Ore Iron 58.00 Silica 10.00 Phosphorus 0.25 Lime .'. 0.68 Alumina 2.38 Magnesia i.io Copper 0.00 Sulphur 0.03 Titanium o.t2 Vanadium 0.14 Chromium o.oi Moisture , 0.80 PART VIII Transportation STAGE COACH DAYS Opposite the Free Methodist Church in Dover is a little shoe shop in which William L. Guise is active. The other day Mr. Guise produced a copy of The Jerseyman of January i6, 1833. The paper is in tatters. The editor was C. Robbins, and the print- er, G. W. G'.ason. The editor will take firewood in payment of subscriptions. The motto of the newspaper, was "We hold this truth to be self-evident ; that all men are created equal." A schedule adopted by the "Western Line of Stages," reads : "New arrangement of the Western Line of Stages daily ex- cept Sundays. This line of stages will leave Joseph I. Roy's Steam- boat Hotel, Jersey City, on Monday, Wednesday and Friday morn- ing at three o'clock A. M. by way of Newark, Chatham, Morris- town, Suckasunny Plains, Stanhope, Newton and AUgusta for Milford. "On Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday by the way of Pater- son, Pompton, Newfoundland, Hamburgh, Deckertown, to Milford, where the two lines connect and run six times a week through Canaan, Carbondale, Dundaff, Montrose to Owego and from thence through ItTiaca to Geneva daily. "At Newton this line interests a line of stages running through Easton to Philadelphia, etc. THE HOUNDS AND HORN: Newark Four Comers, 1790. D'ye see that sign on the corner there, A sign no man would scorn? — It swings from its post, our pride and boast. The sign of The Hounds and Horn ! You'll see the hunters on horseback. The Tiounds and the fox forlorn. And t"hat''s tlie sign where we shall dine. The sign of The Hounds and Horn ! It's a long, long run from Trenton town. We started f resTi at mom : But 1 tell you, lad, we'll all be glad To stop at The Hounds and Horn ! There man and Tieast will be cared for, Thougli Tiungry, weary, and worn : For that's the sign where we shall dine. The sign of The Ht)unds and Horn! CHORUS — So blow now, to show now we're dashing into town. And we shall find tliere the best of fare. Such is mine "host's renown ! From unpublislied 'Toems of Newark" by Charles D. Piatt. 254 THE MORRIS CANAL The basin of the Morris Canal was once crowded with canal boats> as they stopped in Dover over Sunday, so that a boy could run all over the basin, jumping from boat to boat, as some may remember. The old freight house was the busy center of transportation. The boathouse of William Pragnall was the repair shop for boats of the line. Navigation by water from Easton to Jersey City (102 miles) opened a great avenue of commercial prosperity to this landlocked village. But speedy railroads have now supplanted the slow canal. The towpath yields to the steel rail. Schemes for canal abandonment are now debated pro and con at greater length than can here be quoted. It is hard for some of us to follow the details of the Roegner Bill and the Parry Bill as discussed in our Legislature or the proceedings of the Court in adjusting the points in dispute between the State and the Lehigh Railroad. Future uses for an abandoned canal right of way are planned. Lake Hopatcong and Dover, it is said, would be the gainers if the canal were abandoned. The interests of Lake Hopatcong as a sum- mer resort seem paramount. Riparian rights are affected by any changes in the .level of the lake waters. Seepage from the canal creates a financial problem, if the canal should be maintained. The Morris Canal has become a Rip Van Winkle affair. EARLY DAYS OF THE MORRIS & ESSEX RAILROAD The Morris and Essex Division was originally a railroad all by itself with a charter of its own granted by the State Legislature of 1835. Its intention, as its name indicates, was to run through Morris and Essex counties to Newark. When the trains reached Newark the passenger cars were hitched to horses and drawn down Broad street to the Centre street depot of the New York and Philadelphia Railroad. This, however, was an improvement which did not come into effect until 1840; in '39 there was no connection at all and passengers were transferred in stages from one depot to another. The New York and Philadelphia Railroad was able to make the distance from citv to city in six hours — ^fifteen miles an hour being a good rate of speed for trains in those days. The first train that ran over the Morris and Essex tracks made the trip on an October day in 1837. Tlie maker of the first engine — Mr. Seth Boyden, whose statue ig now in Washington Park in Newark — ran the train himself and Mr. Myers of Newark acted as conductor. The train passed through Summit at two o'clock in the afternoon and 255 you may imagine the interest it occasioned to the few people who. made up the population then. It ran to Madison only, for the road was not finished to Morristown until later. When it arrived in Madison and the first passengers were unloaded, a group of Morristown and Madison people who had gathered there for the purpose of a ride were loaded on and carried back to Newark. From Newark to Bottle Hill — or Madison — was the limit of the road in the fall of '37, when it was extended first to Morristown, then to Dover, then Hackettstown, then to Phillipsburg. At first there was but one track and the original cars were about as big as horse cars — say twenty feet long. The road bed was made by laying down two logs lengthwise of the track with timers fastened crosswise over these. Then another piece of wood was laid on this bed for a sleeper and on this astrap of iron about a half inch thick and three inches wide was spiked fast. Every day a man was obliged to walk the track and drive down the spikes, which would work out because of the jar from the trains. Even in spite of such precautions it was not unusual for an end to get loose and curl up as a passing train caught the end of the strap and the end would protrude through the floor of the car in a "snake head," endangering the lives of the passengers. Only wood was burned for the engine fires and green wood at that. Often, as the train climbed the hill to Summit from Millburn, the steam would give out, and then woe to the rail fences, for the firemen carried good axes. It was no uncommon thing for the engines to jump the tracks when rounding the many curves of the road; but as they were going so slow there was little damage done to anything except the patience of the travelers, who were obliged to sit still and wait or get out and stroll about, looking at the scenery for a couple of hours until the train crew "got her on" again and rang up the passengers from their excursions after flowers or huckleberries. If any of the pas- sengers were in a hurry they were apt to fume and blow up the train- men and swear at the rai,lroad, but all hands were used to that. After all, what did it matter if one did arrive at Morristown an hour or so later than usual! There were no freight trains before about 1845 and coal cars were not put on until later than that. There was no coal brought here by the railroad and sold by the ton until 1861. The First Collision It was in January, 1850, about a mile east of Summit station, at about five o'clock in the afternoon, that the first collision occurred on this road. The "Double Driver" engines had just begun to be used; but only on the freight trains. The freight from New York was to lie over at Millburn (there was but one track then) until the passenger train had passed it. The time permitted for waiting had already gone by and the freight had the right of way to Summit ; but the :256 -passenger itraki $rma Mwifi'Stown had not yet gone by. It had been field at Chatham tP acfionsjiodate some lawyers who were trying a ;case of damag^rforilsilting a cow, and as there was no other train to New York i:that rday, ihgn tiad persuaded the passenger train's con- eductontordisdfeey orders asad wait for them. When they started down utoMillbum '.the [freight had parted up. I was watching the two trains as I -saw tthem rqutiding ;their opposite curves and heading for each <^ther, and my ^sensations can be better imagined than talked about. The f reightfs !large engine just "scooped up" the light little pas- ssenger loeomotive .and the iatter went climbing the freight's smoke- stack, which was twelve or fifteen feet high. Fortunately there were "but few passngers and no one was badly hurt ; but it took three days tto clear rthfi tracks, and the lawyers make little haste by their efforts tto catch ! that train, as they had to walk back to the station and get «down'to NewatJctthe'begt way they could. Time Tables The origiudl time table between Morristown and Newark and New Yorkrshowstthatttwottrains left in each direction every day. The cone at 6:45 a. m. ^from Morristown arrived in New York jabout a ^quarter before t ten. There was another train down in the afternoon at a quarter: before three. The afternoon train up from New York which left at 4 p. im,, arrived in Morristown at 7 in the evening. "Yet there seem -to have been brave souls even then, for the' commuta- (tion rates were given as$ioo a year. Thetimiettable given in ^the New Jersey Eagle of August 3, 1841, ■just seventytwo yeacs ago (from which it appears that this article was written; in 191 3) explained that "by this arrangement of trains, tone could leave 'Morristown in time for both Philadelphia trains, one leaving at a quarter before ten in the morning and one at half past five in the afternoon." Thus it may be seen that the journey from Morristown f to Philadelphia eotlld be made by all rail in about nine hours. This was a decided improvement upon "Scotch Johnnie's" boat -trip from New York to Philadelphia some fifty years before, which was at all times dependent upon''-'wind and weather." It went by the way • of Newark Bay and the' Delaware River, and the route was advertised as "generally -diaer ithan the route between New Brunswick and ■Trenton." The rat«S"of;faferGni the 'Morris and Essex Railroad were as fol- ' lows : ,, . To N. Y. To Newark .Mornstown ,..,.,,....,,.,.. 10 shillings 8 shillings "Madison 8s 6d 6s Chatham ,....., ^ 7s 6s ; Summit , .,. 6s 4s .Millville(Miilburn) ,.,.,..... 5s 3s :S. Orange , . , , 4s 6d 2s .N.Orange ,. 3s 6d is 6d Fromja^Hewsp^gercGlteype. Writer not known. 257 THE LACKAWANNA RAILROAD Mr. Charles E. Mill, ticket agent at Dover, has furnished the fol- lowing facts about the Lackawanna Railroad in its relation to Dover. The railroad distance from Dover to Hoboken by the Lackawanna, formerly known as the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, is forty miles, the average of the Paterson branch and the Morris & Essex division, for Dover has the use of two routes to New York. Dover has about 225 commuters to New York and stbout 100 way commuters. Fares to New York at present are: Commutation, $13.94 a month; so-trip family ticket, $41.32; lo-trip ticket, $10.37; excur- sion ticket, $12.84. The number of the Lackawanna employees living in Dover is approximately 425 to 450 persons; probably more when business is good. Passenger Service Dover commuters can reach New York in one hour. Trains are run at convenient hours for those who work in New York. Several western trains stop at Dover on flag; in fact, only one train in each direction goes through without stopping. Westward trains pass through Hackettstown and Washington to Phillipsburg and Easton. Eastbound trains by way of Boonton pass through Rockaway, Mountain Lakes, Boonton, Paterson, Passaic; by way of Morristown they pass through Summit, the Oranges, Newark. Western sleeping cars and coaches are operated to Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago in connection with the Wabash and Nickel Plate Roads. Reduced fares are arranged to Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, St. Paul, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Portland. The Chester, Sussex and Phillipsburg branches have good serv- ice to and from Dover for both freight and passengers. Freight Service Freight rates to tide-water are reasonable, so that Dover is an ideal location for export shipments. Our proximity to Port Morris gives easy connection with the Lehigh and Hudson Railroad, which, in turn, has extremely good connections with the entire New England territory. At Buffalo the Lackawanna connects with all boat lines on the Great Lakes, as well as with every western point. Cai^loads from Dover to New York reach New York the morning following the loading. The Lackawanna publishes a schedule of through merchandise. Service from all Greater New York and New Jersey stations to principal distributing centers, showing the time taken en route. Freight from Dover is scheduled as follows: arriving at Scranton second morning; Detroit, third morning; Chicago, fourth morning; Kansas City, sixth morning; Denver, ninth morning; San Francisco, 15th morning. 258 C. A. Arentzen is General Eastern Freight Agent, at 302 Broad- way, New York City; W. F. Griffitts, Passenger Traffic Manager; J. G. Bray, Division Passenger Agent, Newark, N. J.; E. M. Rine, General Manager, 90 West Street, New York City; W. H. Truesdale, President, 90 West Street, New York City. THE CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY The Central Railroad Company of New Jersey enters Dover over the Dover & Rockaway Railroad, a leased line, which was incorporated in 1880 and opened for traffic in the following year. This road, built primarily as a connection between the Longwood Valley Railroad, which was controlled by the Central, and the Hibemia Mine Railroad, was organized by George Richards, Columbus Beach and Henry McFarlan of Dover and other men from New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts who were interested in the iron mines of the vicinity. The primary object of this road and the other roads and branches now forming the High Bridge Branch of the Central was to carry the iron ore to the furnaces at High Bridge and in the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania for use with the Pennsylvania ores. From the commencement of carrying iron ore, this railroad has oroved a valuable addition in transporting freight by reason of the traffic interchange arrangement with every other trunk line reaching tidewjater at New York, enabling shippers or receivers of freight at Dover and vicinity to secure fast freight service in connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio R. R., New York Cen- tral R. R., Lehigh Valley R. R., Erie R. R., Ontario & Western, and all the New England lines, with equally expeditious service to and from points in the South via the Virginia gateways as well as the Ohio River gateways. Tliis means that a shipper of freight at Dover desir- ing to forward traffic in connection with the C. R. R. of N. J. and New York Central, for example, to Chicago and beyond, can do so at current through rates. These advantages are fully appreciated and recognized by the large number of industries located on the New Jersey Central and are some of the reasons for their being so located. It should also be an inducement in encouraging new and additional indus^ tries to locate in Dover. The passenger service maintained by the New Jersey Central Railroad is fully adequate to take care of the business tributary to Dover reached via its lines, offering convenient trains to do business in Dover and return home the same day at suitable hours. It affords direct connection without transfer from one station to another between Dover and other points in central and southern New Jersey as well as connections for Philadelphia and points in eastern and central Penn- sylvania. 259 THE MORRIS COUNTY TRACTION COMPANY One of the industries closely relating to the growth of Dover and vicinity is the Morris County Traction Company. This Company was incorporated on June 13th, 1899, with the following officers and directors for the first year: Robert D. Foote, President ; George W. Stickles, Vice-President ; R. D. Moriarity, Secre- tary, and John H. Capstick. From the date of incorporation until June, 1903, efforts were con- stantly made by officers to secure consents and rights of way. The first franchise granted was by the Council of Dover in August, 1903. This was followed by franchises from the Borough of Rockaway in 1904. In April, 1904, agreement was reached for the construction of a bridge or viaduct on Blackwell street, Dover. Records indicate that the construction of the line through Rockaway Township, Rockaway Bor- ongh, Dover and Wharton was completed about June 15th, 1905. The first car was operated in Dover on July 1st, 1904, from the Lackawanna crossing on Blackwell street, Dover, to the Company's car barns at East Dover. The earnings for the first day of operation were $80.00. From June, 1905, to late in 1908, the activities of the Company consisted in the operation of the line from Rockaway Township to Wharton, the acquiring of franchises and construction in various munici- palities, so that at the close of 1909, the road was operating from Eliza- beth and Maplewood to Summit ; from Police Headquarters in Morris- town along Speedwell avenue to Morris Plains; from Denville through Rockaway and Dover to Wharton. About this time a lack of finances prevented the continuation of construction. A new interest took up the work and during the years 1909, 1910 and 191 1 connected up the various lines, putting in through operation from Elizabeth and Maplewood to Wharton and Lake Hopatcong. From June 20th, 1910, until December, 1919, Mr. Henry R. Rea was President ; Joseph K. Choate, Vice-President ; O. G. Schultz, Secre- tary and Treasurer. On the death of Mr. Rea, in 1919, Mr. Joseph K. Choate succeeded to the office of President; C. I. Shannon, Vice-Presi'- dent; and O. G. Schultz remained Secretary and Treasurer. The same Board of Directors and officers continue in office at the present time. The Company maintains its repair shop and division office at East Dover and practically all the employees are residents of Dover and vicin- ity. At the present time, the Company employs at its Dover plant sev- enty (70) men as dispatchers, motormen, conductors and inspectors. In its Mechanical Department eighteen (18) men; in its Track Depart- ment, from twelve (12) to twenty- four (24) men. There were 42,716 passengers carried from July ist, 1904 to June 15th, 1905; and from January ist, 1921 to December 31st, 1921 there were 7,642,997 passengers carried. The Company is operating a half -hourly schedule at its present time on its Main line as follows : Wharton, Dover, Rockaway, Moiirit 26d - - ' Tabor, Denville, Morris Plains, Morristown, Convent, Madison, Chat- ham,. Summit, Springfield, Millburn to Maplewood. The Company operates the following connecting lines: From Dover to Mine Hill, Kenvil, Succasunna, Ledgewood and Landing; from Denville through Mountain Lakes to Boonton; from Morristown through Morris Plains to State Hospital; from Springfield Junction through Union to Eliza- beth. A fifteen minute service is maintained from Rockaway to Whar- ton, from Morristown to Morris Plains and from Summit to Maple- wood. At Maplewood^connection is made with the Public Service, Rail- way, so that people living along the Main line of the Morris County Traction Company can reach Newark and Elizabeth with one change. The Company in its early operation met with considerable opposi- tion; but in the late years, due to the service given and the necessity thereof, the early opposition has been entirely obliterated. Invested capital, $4,479,000. ODDS AND ENDS OLD ACCOUNT BOOK FOUND IN RAFTERS An account book nearly 100 years old was recently found in the rafters of the old carpenter shop of the Ulster Iron Works by Robert Bopp, a master mechanic, employed at the works, which contains a les- son in the construction of Dover history from original sources. The book is in a good state of preservation, although one part of the cover is torn off and the collection of soot and dirt soiled the pages somewhat. It is about an inch in thickness and measures 6%" x 16". The earliest date recorded is October 3, 1821, and the accounts extend to January 30, 1830. The record book must have been the property of Blackwell & McFarlan, the firm that conducted the only iron industry in this town at that date. The first entry was October 3, 1821, under the name of Jesse King and on the same date was an entry of William Ford. During the follow- ing year the entries included John B. Miller, Ebenezer Stiles and Stephen Vail. William Ford carried on an extensive business in chain cables, shackles, studs, swivels, links and scrap iron, extended to January 30, 1830. Until the canal was completed in 1831 all the necessary hauling was done by horses and mules. The canal was opened for traffic in 1831 and the first railroad train reached Dover in 1848. These facts are interest- ing in examining the old accounts of "Goods received from New York." 26l The dates of these accounts extend from December 5, 1826, to Febru- ary, 1830. In these accounts many personal names are interspersed, revealing the names of about eighty persons then doing business hetfe and the purchases they made in the form of iron and other articles such as sand from Flanders, pork, cider, forge hammers and flour. List of persons trading with Blackwell & McFarlan, 1826-1830: Isaac Hance, Abijah Abbott, William Searing, Ab'm H. Smith, William Ross, John Mitchell, Elic Hance, S. Searing, Ebenezer Pierson, John Q. Condict, Ira H. Cox, John S. Beach, Jos. Dickerson, Martin Bowlsby, Stephen Conger, B. & McFarlans, D. Ayrs, Mahlon Johnson, Simon Searing, D. Ross, Daniel Lindslev, Arch. Broadwell, John Shermari, William H. Ross, David Paddleford, Aaron Ogden, B. L. Condit, Asa Berry, Nathaniel Bowlsby, A. Beedell, Thos. Bowlsby, F. Chapin, Simeon L. Casterline, D. Lyons, Christopher Medler, Samuel Garrigues, Isaac Garrigues, Daniel Lyon, L. & Lawrence, Wm. Headley, E." '!F. Smith, Philip Losey, Wm. Leek, C. F. DeCamp, Jos. I. Minton, William Dixon, John Bryant, Milton Scott, Benjamin L. Condit, Michael Cavi- nough, John E. Cortis, Lewis Bryant, Thos. E. Bowlsby, C. F. Ran- dolph, Peter Dunham, Henry Cobb, Calvin Dixon, Hiram Smith, Jos. C. Righter, Warner Tucker, Wm. Slockbower, L. F. Lawrance, Mrs. Pamelia Adams, Alx Dickerson, E. I. Howell, D. C. Solman, John Her- rion, Johnson Minton, Joseph Herrion, D. C. Salmon, Wm. Churchell, Thomas Vail, Robert Godden. This list may have value for those who make research in genealogy, titles, etc. It indicates the date at which certain persons were doing business with Blackwell & McFarlan and what they traded in. It indicates the large place that iron had in the building of the community and the State. It shows when Lehigh coal. Nova Scotia coal and other kinds of coal began to come in on tiie canal. It indicates the different kinds of iron in use and the articles made from iron. There are entries about brick, sperm oil, candles, stove pipe, grates, teams, fish, crackers, moulding sand, stoves from Morristown, plaster, wheat flour, soap, sugar, beef, yellow ochre, looking glass, white lead, Rhode Island lime. 7x9 glass, borax, paint, putty, mittens. There must have been a store somewhere, where these goods were handled. This book indicates, in part, the business that was carried on here in the days of teaming and, later, the canal, before the railroad came Clothing, shoes, and other necessaries of life are not mentioned. There must have been some other place where spring bonnets, dress goods, groceries and drugs (if they used them) could be obtained, either here or in Morristown. A few school books must have been smuggled in to supply the pupils in the two old academies. But the Stone Academy was not built until 1829. There was no bank, no church- just a rough settlement, not even a village until 1826. By means of old maps one might trace where some of these old settlers lived. There was a tavern here in 1808, and a blacksmith shop. A wheelwright, Zenas Pruden. settled here. A few stores sprang up. From scattered references one mdght build up quite a mental picture 262 of the Dover of those days when this old account book was kept, from 1&21 to 1.830. It gives a pretty good census of the population, amount- ing to some eighty names, each of which may stand for a family — ^pos- sibly four hundred persons, some of whom may have lived beyond Dover limits. And yet we are told that there were only ten or fifteen dwellings here in 1810. This list may hav6 a bearing on that point. There was a post oflSce here in 1820, in Mr. McFarlan's house. In 1839 there were about 700 peojijle in Dover. (Dover History, page 3%.| So it does not seem unreasonable to assume that 400 persons were "here in 1830. Jacob Losey was postmaster previous to 1826, and Jthn Marshall Losey followed him. Much may be learned from an old account book. Those who under- stand iron could read between the lines of this book a story that lean not so readily decipher. GLIMPSE OF A HOLIDAY IN DOVER IN 1823 Odes Sung in Observance of Fourth of July We are indebted to Major Andrew Baker Byram for the loan of an old and tattered leaflet containing three odes sung at Dover in 1823, on the Fourth of July. We print, below, a copy of these odes with the old style punctuation. The Fourth of July was full of its original inspiration in those early days. Celebrations were frequent throughout the land and on other occasions, too, the spirit of new-foufid liberty was gloriously celebrated. Such a spirit was not confined to Dover nor to the United States of America in the year 1823. It was abroad in the world. It found extravagant and disorderly manifestation in the orgies of the French Revolution. The English poet Wordsworth was intimately associated with this struggle for freedom in Fralnce and greatly distressed at the outcome. Goethe speaks of it in his notable epic, "Hermann und Doro- thea." Schiller embodies it in his "William Tell," We were fortunate enough to escape the murderous and chaotic expressions of that spirit. We may be thankful that in Dover, in 1823, such odes as those here shown could be religiously and soberly sung by ■our people. Note what is happening in Europe to-day. These odes are a significant study in American history. They are not yet out of date .even though they may appear quaint and old-fashioned. If the celebra- tion of our patriotic holidays loses that old-time spirit of sincerity, eam- «stness and high purpose, it will be a sorry day for America. We have learned to smile at the old-fashioned; but let us not fall below our forebears in earnestness and intelligence. Those Fourth of July odes— what music were they sung to ? We have no trace of it. Possibly they could be rendered to some old hymn tunes well enough to bring out the spirit of the past. And if too lon^ for a modern, crowded program, we might sing the first stanza and the last? That has a familiar sound. ^3 Who wrote those odes ? Perhaps the minister at Rockaway. That is where Dover went to church in those days. The children walked barefoot, carrying their new shoes in their hands, and then sat down by a brook, washed their feet, put on the new shoes and walked into the sanctuary — tableau ! And perhaps Dover had some such tableau, in connection with the Fourth of July celebration, as we find described on page 357 of Dover History — ^A Tribute to Liberty, done in 1858. According to' these old odes the faith of our founders was not pinned exclusively to Democracy and Americanism; but they believed that the principles of true religion would make a democracy and an Americanism that would stand, where other historical examples of democracy had fallen. . (Odes to be sung on the Fourth of July, 1823, at Dover) ODE I. Hail Independence! mighty theme! To gain thee, heroes fell ; And e'er shall thy resplendent beam. Rude tyranny dispel. Sweet Liberty's etherial form, Smiles on this happy day. And bids us hail the sacred morn That saw our country free. In her high temples sat fair Fame, In council, to discern What deed the loudest should proclaim To ages yet unborn. Tyrants had fought— had bravely fought, But not in Freedom's cause ; 'Twas dire, despotic sway they sought. And sycophant's applause. In doubtful musings Fame would wave, Suspending her decree Till Freedom triumphed — then she gave To us the victory. Now o'er each brow a laurel crown, A never fading wreath. Be placed, to grace such high renown — To decorate such worth. 264 Now, mighty God! still o'er us reign, And shield us from the foe ; Then Liberty shall be our theme While we remain below. ODE II. Let us again our voices raise, In joyful strains of grateful praise. To Heav'ns Almighty King, whose hand Subdued our ioes and sav'd our land. God was our light in darkest hour ; He was our hope and he our pow'r. He led our armies to the field. He was their strength and he their shield. Then let each son of Freedom sing, "The God of Heaven is our King; "Let others own a tyrant's nod, "We have no other King but God." He did the Statesman's breast inspire. He filled the Patriot's heart with fire. He gave to us our Washington, And bless'd Columbia in her son. 'Twas God that quell'd the haughty foe. And laid his high ambition low; He gave the vic'try to our band And bless'd an independent land. Then let each son of Freedom sing, "The God of Heaven is our King; "Let others own a tyrant's nod, "We have no other King but God." Now thro' Columbia's wide domain, O'er hill and valley, wbod and plain, Fair Freedom's cheerful smiles extend. And Liberty and Peace attend. Long may such blessings be enjoyed, And tiiis returning day employ'd, 'Till time shall cease to number days, In joyful strains of grateful praise. 26s Then let each son of Freedom sing, "The God of Heaven is our King; "Let others own a tyrant's nod, "We have no other King but God." ODE III. The wheel of time rolls swiftly on — 'Tis coming and 'tis past; This glorious day is quickly gone, And life is fleeting fast. The splendid f abrid built to-day, To-morrow lies in dust; — All things before have passed away, And so the present must. Great Babylon once raised her walls On the Assyrian plains, But now of all her costly halls A vestige scarce remains. And Rome in mighty grandeur rose, The mistress of the world, And round on all her trembling foes. Death and destruction hurl'd. But haughty Rome and learned Greece Are fallen and forgot; — Egypt and Carthage, with their race, Have shared the common lot. Columbia, too, shall gain her height. And shine in all her pride. Thou sing in dark oblivion's night — Borne down the dreadful tide. But e'er Columbia's glory fade, And all her pride be t^wn, May science, wisdom, worth pervade And claim her for their own. May centuries pass and time grow old. In our dear land's success; And ages yet unborn behold Her glories still progress. 266 And may her sons in virtue rise. Taught by the laws of Heaven, And to the God Of earth and skies Be all the glory given. On pages 470-1 of "Dover History," are given the details of a Fourth of July celebration in Morristown, 1828. Three odes appear on the program. THE LOAN EXHIBITION OF 1879 Among the treasures of the past which have come into my pos- session is a little blue-covered pamphlet containing quite a story on the front cover, viz. : "Dover Loan Exhibition in the Segur Mansion, com- mencing, Wednesday, September 24th, 1879, continuing four days, open afternoon and evening. For the benefit of the Presbyterian Church Y. P. U." In this little book are listed 989 articles of interest, antiquity or curiosity, interspersed with local advertisements of the day that now stir historic reminiscence, such as "E. Lindsley & Son, Dry Goods, Groceries, etc., established 1835;" or "Vought & Killgore, Druggists and Apothecaries, 1850-1880." First is a list of "Paintings, Engravings and Chromos," 104 in number, ranging from "Can't You Talk" to an Albrecht Durer. The name of the person who loaned each picture is given and we thus see a complete catalogue of the works of art cherished in the homes of Dover's citizens, including a dozen or so loaned by Mrs. Henry McFar- lan, and a dozen more by Dr. Columbus Beach, who seem to have had the largest and most classical assortment. Next come "Bronzes and Statuary" and "Ceramics." Mr. Charles McFarlan leads in the latter, with Mrs. Henry McFarlan and Mrs. George Richards in close competition. "Foreign Curiosities" — 169 of them. Here Mrs. E. W. Stoddard outshines all others. Miss Hinchman making a good second. "Antiquities." Here Mrs. Vail, the Quakeress, leads, exhibiting an old pair of knee buckles and the "Spectacles woirn by Mr. Wilson who came to America with Wm. Penn." This list has real local interest, containing many articles of use in our American households of colonial and revolutionary times and later: — spoons, chairs, tables, sugar tongs, ladles, foot stoves, bed warmers, bellows, fender, spinning wheel, quilt, hatchet, stone from Port Ticonderoga, Dr. Jackson^s violin, Masonic apron, etc. 267 "Old Books, Manuscripts, Autographs." Here we find ancient tomes of 1666, 1754, 1806, old Bibles, specimens of penmanship by G. M. Hinchman, Life of Brainerd 1749, old newspapers, old deeds, Cincin- nati Certificate, singing books, and law reports. Mr. J. H. Neighbour leads all with his collection of historic "deeds," such as John Jackson's "deed of 1722. Rev. W. W. Halloway follows with books published in the early nineteenth century. E. D. Halsey shows historic papers. "War Implements and Relics." Here we find swords, pistols, guns ; among them "the gun that shot the Morristown Ghost," exhibited by Hon. A. C. Canfield. "Indian Relics." Mrs. Evans shows the largest set. "Coins and Currency." Continental and Confederate money, etc. "Minerals." "Woman's Pavilion" and: "Miscellaneous" bring us to the end, after which comes a "Supplement," and then a continued sup- plement. Here we find the rifle with which Putnam shot the wolf, two paintings, by Samuel Woodruff of Dover and "shoes and stockings, very old" — we do not have to go to a museum to find them. This catalogue of The Loan Exhibition was given to me by Miss Mary Rose, one of the enterprising young people who got up this enter- taining and instructive affair. It must have stirred up much interest in local history. The collection of these relics and the returning of them to their proper owners is said to have been a heart-rending task, never to be undertaken again ! But how appropriate it would be for a bicentennial ! And by charging admission you gain funds for the new Nurses' Home or something like that. By this time a new line of relics has come into the field. THE SCHOOL PAGEANT OF 1920 In April, 1920, the school children of Dover, under the direction of Superintendent W. V. Singer and Miss Jane Lynd, gave a pageant of Dover history. The performance was staged in the auditorium of the new High School on Myrtle avenue. .Ten scenes from the past were arranged — ^four from the period of 1722-1826, six from the period of 1826-1869. The period from 1869 to 1920 was untouched, except that the program included one scene representing the organization of Dover's Fire Department in 1873. The time limit of an evening's enter- tainment made it necessary to. omit many scenes of interest. The exer- cises were well attended, the house being crowded to capacity. The pupils of the Domestic Science Etepartment, directed by Miss Harris and assisted by Miss Mitchell, of the Art Department, worked out the costuming and stage decorations. Many old dresses were gathered from the trunks and. garrets of old residents for the occasion. The boys of the Manual- Training Department, directed by Mr. Griffin, rigged up a model -of an old water-wheel and forge, and a canal boat that added .much .to the effectiveness of certain scenes. The teachers 268 to whom scenes were assigned did their utmost to prepare dramatiza- tions and drill the pupils. The pupils entered into the spirit of the celebration with intelligent interest and made the occasion one that was greatly enjoyed by all present. We give this historic program herewith as a momento of the pageant of 1920. It was given at that early date in anticipation of the approaching bicentennial, to point the way to any later celebration that might take place. One result of the performance was that funds were thereby secured to square the accounts of the athletic teams for the season. Editor; LIST OF PATRONESSES FOR PAGEANT Mrs. T. O. Bassett Mrs. W. G. Hummel Mrs. Coleridge Benedict, Sr. Mrs. Emil G. Kattermann Mrs. R. A. Bennett Mrs. James T. Lowe Mrs. Wm. F. Birch Mrs. W. L. R, Lynd Mrs, George R. Buck iMlrs. Stephen Palmer Mrs. A, W. Condict Mrs. Albert Sedgeman Mrs. Harry R. Gill Mrs. W. V. Singer Miss Gussie Heiman Mrs. Thomas Smith Mrs. J. H. Hulsart Mrs. Leo Totten. THE DOVER SCHOOL PAGEANT The Dover Pageant now draws nigh, With scenes that show the olden time; Here visibly before the eye Will pass the Indian pantomime. Jackson again will haunt the scene Of those bright hopes that lured him on To start this settlement : you'll glean Brief glimpses here of days by-gone. The warrior chief, the Quaker staid Will pass before you in review; The matron and the dimpled maid Will on the stage their life renew. Ask not too much; with kindly eye Regard our home-made pageant play ; Let fancy work and so supply More than our humble eflforts may. Give praise where praise is rightly due; Co-operation wins the day ; Teachers and pupils — ^parents, too, — Have lent a hand to make this play. 269 PROGRAM Spring Festival of Song conducted by Miss Temby. . Scenes from Dover History presented by pupils of the Myrtle Avenue School under the direction of their teachers. Part I. I — Indian Life in Dover. Pantomimic production planned and executed by the pupils of the Industrial History Qasses under the direction of Miss Katherine Rusch. Introduction — Harold Hall. I. Twilight Scene near Indian Falls. Cast — Indian Chief, Nelson Terry; Braves, Ferdinand Loeffler, Willard Cummings, Rus- sell Jones, Allan Wolfe, Harold Hall. Indian Boys, Virgil Reed, George Lovas. Indian Girls, Pearl Mack, Nellie Flanagan. Squaws, Florence Uren, Hazel Meeker, Isabel Hutchinson. Dog, Franklin Chamberlain. 2. Morning Scene. 3. Indians at Jackson's Forge. II — ^Jackson's Forge. Dramatized and acted by students of Grade 8A under the direc- tion of Mrs. Geddis. Introduction, Edna Kennedy. I. Jackson's Forge, anvil and house. 2. News of Navigation Laws. 3v Sheriff's Sale. Cast — Mr. Jackson, Stanley Cannon ; Mrs. Jackson, Leona Budd ; Mr. Hawkins, Wm. Gillespie; Mrs. Hawkins, Dorothy Richards; Deacon Goodman, Alfred Long; Mr. Hurd, Leon Rummel; Helper, Geo. Thorson; Sheriff, Leroy Bayles; Indians, Robert Guise, Robert WoodhuU, Engelbrecht Sjokvist ; Mr. Fitz Randolph, Robert Mandigo ; Children, Mary Gilligan, Margaret Minervino. The properties used in this play include a vest made in 1751. Ill — General Winds and General Washington. Dramatized by Grade 7A under the direction of Miss Cornelia Crater. Introduction by Syrel Roth. I. General Washington calls on General Winds at his home in Pleasant Valley (now East Dover). Cast — General Winds, John Totten. His wife, Genevieve Bower. Older daughter, Gussie Mishkin. Two children, Thelma Uren and Max Eichelbaum. Slave, Susie Mitchell. General Washington, Eric Herman. General Washington's Staff, Leo Tremberth, Robert Hutchinson, Andrew Jenkins, Walter Vanderbush, Howard Ander- son, Rudy Shubert. IV — Scenes from a Fourth of July Celebration in Dover, 1823. Given by pupils in SB, assisted by pupils from 8A, under direction of Miss King. Introduction by Warford Boyd. I. Gathering of the peopled 2. Reading of parts of the Decla- 270 ration of Independence by George McDavit. 3. Fourth of July- Oration by Ralph Minervino. 4. Tableau, A Tribute to Liberty. Pupils participating in celebration: Friend Randolph, EdwardP. Ackerman; Friend Goodman, Curtis Jenkins; Dr. Crittenden, Willard Hon; Dominie WycofF, John McCarthy; The Audience, Agnes Ho^ ley, Mildred Cook, Beatrice Brj-am, Mary Cole, Mildred Losey, Exlna Hartman, Marguerite Fish, Harry Olmstead, Charles Decker, Donald McQillan, James Grant, George Rumsey. Tableau — ^Tribute to Liberty. Cast — Goddess of Liberty, Beatrice Goldsworthy. The Thirteen Original Colonies: N|ew Hampshire, Hazel Rusch; Massachusetts, Florence Poyer; Rhode Island, Bessie Brown ; Connecticut, May Shaw ; New York, Beatrice Crater ; New Jersey, Ruth Thomhill; Pennsylvania, Arcella Heyward; Delaware, Julia Bornstein; Maryland, Eva Jeffrey; Virginia, Alice Phillips;, North Carolina, Alice Pugsley; South Carolina, Myrtle Skinner;: Georgia, Myrtle Vivian. Remarks — Fourth of July Oration composed by 8B Englisht Class from three Odes sung in Dover on July 4, 1823. Each girl' representing an original colony, in the tableau, wears the seal of the State which the colony became later. Seals drawn and colored by Paul Newman and Warford Boyd. Part II. I — The "Dover of Dover" on the Morris Canal, 1836. Dramatized and acted by students of Grade 8A, directed by Miss; Isabel Hance. Introduction by Abner Friedland. I. A conversation in the boat-yard by several young people. 2. The Sailing of the "Dover of Dover" on its first trip to Newark in- charge of Captain Byram Pruden. Cast — Thomas Sturtevant, acted by William Ely; Charity Ford, by Mildred Livingston; Louisa Chrystal, Georgianna Painter; James- Losey, Joseph Nazarro; crowd of cheerers, boys and girls of 8A. The canal boat used in the scenes was made by Harold Rickley, William Riker and Stephen Zipko. II— William Young the Village Baker, 1847. Coming of the Railroad, 1848. Dramatized and acted by students of IB class in High Schoof English. Teacher. Miss Elsie G. Hedden. 1. Introduction by Serena Baldus. 2. Introduction by Elsie Rumsey. Cast— William Young, represented by Wm. Moor; Mrs. Jacob Searing, Harvey Matthews ; Isaac W. Searing, Charies Concilio ; Mr. Segur, James Murray; Farmer Weeks, Charles Rinehart; Jennie- Young (now Mrs. Chambre), represented by Melda Chambre; Mrs. Wm. Young, by Florence Vezina; Katie Brown, Marguerite Booser;- Susie Smith, Glady Francis; Mr. Brown, Augustus Dalrymple; Mr. Jones, Fred Ward; Mrs. Jones, Marjorie Dorman; Villagers, Lela- Hiller, Meta Lerbs, Florence Gardner, Elsie Rumsey, Arthur Pbwel^ Helen Predmore, Gladys Steffen. 271 Melda Chambre, who plays the part of Jennie Young, is a great- granddaughter of William Young. Ill — ^A Donation Visit. Dramatized and acted by Miss Richardson's 8A Qass. Introduction by Elberta Lynn. Cast — Dr. Magie, represented by Stephen Dalrymple ; Mrs. Magie, by Margaret Benson; Miss Berry, Ruth Lindeman; Mrs. Stickle, Angela Donohue ; Mr. Lee, Francis Milo ; Mrs. Lee, Helen Jones ; Mrs. Oi:am, Helen Armitage ; Mrs. Crittenden, Hilda Newman ; Mr. Sidney Ives, ; Mr. James McCord, Willard Komatowski ; Mr, Charles Noble, John Lerbs ; Mr. Calkins, Robert Burrel ; Other Parish- ioners, Evelyn Singer, Margaret Stromjberg, Mabel Hall, Dorothy Snyder, Evelyn Hiler, Gladys Eades, Gladys Woodhull, Beatrice Goldsworthy. IV — The Quakers of Randolph. Dramatized and acted by students of the lA Special Class in English, High School. Directed by Miss Jane Lynd. Introduction by Elizabeth Hance. 1. The Underground Railway. 2. A Quaker Meeting. Introduction by Fred Armitage. Cast — ^Richard Brotherton, Stewart Hunter; Mrs. Brotherton, Margaret Franklin; Rachel Brotherton, Mary Bray; James Hopkins, Russell Anderson ; Ruth Byram, Dorothy Frick ; Chris j'ohn Dell. Edward McQuillan ; Ruth Byram, Dorothy Frick ; Slave, Richard Maloney ; First Officer, Oscar Bray ; Second Officer, Edward Gilmore. Quakers in the Meeting House Scene — Rosalie Angle, Fred Armi- Hiler, Lillian Lambert, Jessie Lewkowitz, Mary Lyons, Hazel Meeker, tage, Madeline Davenport, Marion Gardner, Elizabeth Hance, Nellie Marion Roderer, Ivah Rinehart, Florence Uren, Margaret Vreeland. The properties used in this scene include a chair one hundred and one years old, lent by Mr. Armitage ; candlesticks a century old, lent by Mrs. Franklin ; dresses of our grandmothers' time, lent by Mrs. Fitz- herbert and Mrs. Davenport, of Spicertown ; and real Shaker bonnets, lent by Miss Williams. The love letter read is a real letter written by a Quaker of Plain- field to a Quaker maid of Randolph. V — The Making of the School Flag, Dover Institute, 1861. Dramatized and acted by pupils of the Seventh Grade under the direction of Miss Dorothy Lynd. Introduction by Marion Rinehart. Scene, a schoolroom in the Dover Institute. Cast — Mr. Hall, principal of the school, represented by Tony Mauriello ; School Boys, Albert Jones, Arthur Goerner, Herschel Prisk ; •School Girls, Louise Ackerman, Margaret Alpers, Emma Anderson, Leotha Blodgett, Merle Dickerson. Lulu James, Mary Ingraham, Edith Lloyd, Bessie Phillips, Marion Rinehart, Ruth Skillman. 272 Among the costumes used in this scene we are indebted to Mrs. D. Palmer for the loan of a pair of pantalettes actually worn by a child during the time represented by the scene. VI — Town Meeting Called to Organize the Dover Fire Department, 1873- Dramatized and acted by Miss Richardson's 8A Qass. Introduction by Beatrice Goldsworthy. Cast — Mayor Richards, represented by Russell Melroy ; Col. Stites, Albert Sedgman; Mr. Sickles, Burroughs Van Syckle; Mr. Hance, George Amerman ; Mr. I. W. Searing, Robert Burrel ; Mr. Berry, Wm. McGill; Mr. Lewis, James Adrey; Mr. James H. Neighbour, Willard Komotowski; Mr. Whitlock, Francis Milo; Mr. McCracken, Patsy Nazzaro ; Mr. Wm. Young, Joseph Angel ; Mr. Lindsley, James Varley. Albert Sedgman, who represents Col. Stites at this meeting, is a great-grandson of Mr. Titus Berry, who was present at this meeting. The program will close w^ith a Pageant Procession of all persons participating in the scenes enacted. The salute to the flag will be given at the signal, followed by the singing of "America." EPILOGUE. We are the Future of the Past; We are the Present in our time ; We are the Future's Past at last; And so Time writes his changing rhyme. We scan the pictured rocks where Man Etched the rude firstlings of his art : What pictures shall we leave ? Who can Make bright the temple of the heart? How can we know what later-bom. More favored times will say of us? When, like dim memories of the mom. We form life's background fabulous? A little while we have our day. As poets sing, upon the stage; We act our part in lifers great play, Then — Exit! with the passing age. Some memory of us may survive; O Time, deal gently ! smooth away Our blundering strokes and keep alive The better part to shine for aye! PART IX Local Historical Poems 274 JOHN JACKSON First Iron-Master of Dover, 1722-1753 "Into the wilderness let me be going, Out to the hills and the rills of the north! There let me work the black ore into iron. Plying my forge by the side of a stream. Out in the wilderness -Maker of Iron! Iron for. plowshares, saws, hammers and axes ; Iron for wagon-bolts, nails, knives, and spades; Iron and muscle will conquer the wilderness. Here's a man's work, to win homes from the wild. Plant a new settlement, build up a State!" Out in the wilderness Nature was smiling, Sunshine and songsters and wildflowers were there; Trees of the forest were beck-ning and whisp'ring — "Come ! there's a fortune out here in the wild !" "Come ! make your fortune !" the streamlet replied. So here he came in the new-dawning era, Came with a heart full of courage and hope; Toiled at his forge and sent iron to the seaboard — That's where they needed it — cities were growing — Newark — Elizabeth — he helped them grow. He and a man from New Hampshire were toiling Here in the hills on the rough, rude frontier. While cities were building, trade growing, farms thriving,. And all wanted iron from the forges up here. But — "Halt! All must stop! Ship your ore oversea !"* "Oversea ship your ore ! The old country will shape it ;■ Shape it and make of it tools to your hand !" That stopped our forges — John Jackson grew weary. His early hopes broken — sold out — sheriff's sale! There's nothing in iron till freedom is gained. Then came the long struggle for freedom ; our forges Again came to life ; now not plowshares, but swords, And cannon and cannon-ball came from these hillsides. And a chain o'er the Hudson to stop the foe's fleet. While the patriot band is encamped near at hand. He failed — Jackson failed; so his story is written; But the work has gone on, and the start that he gave Has not seen its finish, we're here to attest. Dover stands by his vision of youth, still undaunted — The vision that first bade the youth "Forge ahead !" 275 A SONG OF IRON An old song with a new Ending written for it for the use of the Mine Hill Sunday School, Christmas, 1914 , Sing a song of Iron in a mine so deep, Where the mighty mountain watch doth keep; Down must go the miner in the mine so damp, Each one wi^i his pick-axe and his tiny lamp. Here he picks and shovels, working all the day, Never sees the sunlight, not a single ray ; Here he finds great treasure, hidden long ago In its rocky cavern, far, far down below. Rough, black lumps of iron ore — that is all he sees; But he knows the secret, falls upon his knees. Drills and picks and shovels, fills his little car, Push, push, push, then upward through the shaft so far f Now another journey to a furnace door. Where the fierce fire blazing melts the hard black ore Till it glows and sparkles, runs into a mold. Taking form and shape for uses manifold. Here's a jolly jack-knife, here's a needle bright. While the Perfect Cook Stove fills us with delight ; There's a locomotive, there's a stout steel rail; Here's a saw, a hammer ; here's a common nail ! Who could tell the story of the debt we owe To our Friend, the Iron, everywhere we go! Sing a song of Iron, sing a merry lay ! Sturdy, honest Iron, useful every day ! THE MINE HILL BLACKSMITH I am a Mine Hill blacksmith strong. My bellows now I blow; I poke the fire and sing my song. And soon the fire's aglow. Have you a horse that needs a shoe? Then bring him here to me; I'll shoe him right and quickly, too — Ka-link! ka-link! ka-lee! (Striking anvil.) Unhitch your, horse and. bring him in And tie him to the wall; 2/6 His old shoes are so thin, so thin, He must have new ones all ! Tap ! tap — a. pull, off with the old, Then from the beam o'erhead Take down a new one, black arid cold And heat it till it's red ! Then on the anvil, blow on blow, While showers of sparkles fly, I shape the iron all aglow. My busy jjjimmer ply. Now pare the hoof, the shoe nail -fast, And cut the nail ends bent. And trim with file, till all at last Is done to heart's content. For a class of boys in the Mine Hill Sunday School, 1915. Sung to "The Jolly Coppersmith," with whistling chorus — FORGE AND SONG A blacksmith swart and strong am I, Now to my work I go, And as the bellows heave and sigh The coals are soon aglow. The bellows heave, the bellows blow, I sing a merry glee: O tongue of flame, now high, now low, My song is like to thee 1 A horseshoe in the coals I lay, The bellows softly purr; The cold, black iron grows bright as day, The fire I gently stir: The flames leap up in sheer delight. The bellows puff and wheeze — O heart of iron, now dark, now bright, To thee I sing my glees ! Now on the anvil — Skiing, klang, kling! The hammer falls, and Lo ! Sparks fly and flash, while ding, dang, ding! Blow follow^ quick on blow! The glowing iron I turn and smite. And shape it to my will. And sing my song from mom till night — Then forge and song grow still. 277 WHEN GREATGRANDMOTHER WAS A GIRL In Wharton there lives a good lady I know, Who has told me about the old times, long ago. When girls were some smarter than what they be now In doing all sorts of things — Oh, they knew how ! When she was a youngster, just in her first 'teens. She could pose in a tableau for many fine scenes ; They'd make a real Movie of times here in Doyer; Plain living, they called it — they all lived in clover ! If you want to know what a young girl could do then. Just follow these lines as they come from my pen. She ought to have been at our late County Fair ; Why didn't they give the old folks a place there, With photographs, showing the old-fashioned ways In contrast with these more advanced, cultured days? She could sew, she could spin, she could knit, darn a stocking. And feed the farm chickens when all came a-fiocking For supper, ere dark, and for breakfast each morn; Oh, how they would scurry and gobble the corn ! She could milk and could churn — making butter's an art Now done by machinery, we are so smart ! She could wash, starch the clothes, and could iron 'em by hand- No steam laundry then in this whole Yankee land ! She could make pies and cake, bread and doughnuts and cookies — She'd be just the girl to look after our rookies ! She broke in three heifers for milking, one Spring, And kept them all gentle ; but now its "the thing" To milk by a newfangled, 'lectric machine. And milkmaids are rare, if they ever are seen. And then this young lady of those good old times Would go feed the calves and pick berries, betimes. They'd dry all the berries they wished to preserve ; No canning done then. Gentle Reader, observe ! Such apples they had ! nuts to crack ! — ^just the best Of everything! even eggs fresh from the nest! Cold-storage eggs saved from the date of the flood Were unheard of then — now, the prices draw blood! 278 Her father kept cows of his own; thirty sheep Furnished wool all the household in clothing to keep. Homespun was the fashion; a suit didn't cost Half a hundred in those days when no time was lost In gadding about. Your coat came from the back Of the sheep without shoddy ; but, lately, a-lack ! The "wool" is "short fibre," with "filling"— devices That lower the quality — ^not the high prices. They killed their own sheep when they wanted good mutton. And then, just to show that a man wa'n't a glutton. He "divvied" the meat with his neighbors — each took A share for his household, 'twa'n't charged in a book; But share, share about ; now, our butcher bill mounts By airplane to heaven, from recent accounts. "Clam Classes" they had in that primitive time — A topic I've never seen treated in rhyme. A great load of charcoal was taken to town, An ox-team the engine that hustled it down To NEWARK'S tide waters, where clams from the Bay Would fill up the wagon upon the home way. Again the quaint fashion would come into play Of share, share about with the folks 'cross the way. And such was the practice with oysters and shad, A custom "passay," but it wasn't half bad. Enough ! — we now live in an age more progressive Of modern inventions and — prices aggressive! And we smile as we read of those long-vanished ways. And sigh, in our dreams — "Give us back the old days !" But wake from our doze with a start to discover Greatgrandmother smiling — she knows we all love her — To see her greatgranddaughters passing above her And old household arts coming back in new guise — Not "arts" now, but "science" we say, and look wise. October 4, 1919. LOG CABINS Log cabins in Dover! — well, "I want to know!" As the folks say, "down East," when they're hard pressed to show Amazement and wonder at travelers' yarns: Log cabins in Dover there were, not mere barns, But homes where folks lived and raised families, so I've heard from somebody who surely must know. Since houses are so hard to get in these days, O Muse, help me sing the Old Log Cabin's praise ! 279 The neighbors would each bring a log, trimmed and hewn, To fit into place in the cabin that soon Would welcome newcomers who came out to share Our life in the wilderness : all hands prepare To build the new home and in three days the folks Are keeping house in it, the best of good jokes ! No house-rent, no plumber, no gas bill, no 'phone ! Just a cozy log cabin, a home of your ovvn ! No coal bill ! — go out in the back lot — an axe Will garner your fuel — expense, a few whacks ! The chinks of your cabin, well plastered with clay. Were not quite air-tight— good enough in their way. Sometimes the bare ground may have served for the floor, And the latch-string hung out from the rude battened door. A chimney place filled the great room with its cheer; Around it in winter all loved to draw near. The "pie pan" stood ready for baking — they never Used baker's bread then, they just cooked up whatever They wanted, right there in hot coals — a wood fire With its blaze and its glow was a thing to admire. No "Perfect Range" then, no gas stove, no steam heat; Yet life in a cabin of logs may be sweet. So it may, but the Garden of Eden, you know. Was spoiled by a snake, and a snake loves the glow Of a Ibg cabin fire, and the crumbs and tid-bits That fall on the floor — a snake lives by its wits. The mother was ailing ; a nurse, for a spell, Was helping the household till mother was well. The nurse, in bare feet, tip-toed softly about. When suddenly something put good nurse in rout. She had trod, in the dark, on a soft, wriggling snake ; She runs to the candle-tree — quick ! bring a light ! A candle she snatches in haste and affright, For a snake in the dark and bare feet make her quake. She searches and searches, no snake comes to view; The mother is anxious ; her little ones — two— In their low trundle bed are now soundly asleep ; She lifts up the bedclothes and then takes a peep — Sir Snake is right there — copperhead, sure as death ! The mother stands, stares, scarcely dares draw a breath ! Then, quick, snatched her darlings to safety! returned; Drew the sheet by the corners, the snake slipping down, Was held there : she stirred up the fire till it burned With a blaze fierce and hot as the mother's stern frown; 28o Then slid the dread copperhead into the flame — He squealed like a pig!— so this New Jersey dame Saved her home from that shadow of heartrending woe In that cozy log cabin, so long, long ago ! OVENS Illustrating the History of Industry We make stoves in Dover ; the moulders prepare Trim molds shaped of sand with the greatest of care; When ready, the iron is poured into each mold. Where it hardens and cools into shapes manifold. So parts of a stove are first cast, then assembled, To make our new models of cook stoves so fine : The old-fashioned oven of ancient design — The open-air oven — ^but little resembled Our new Perfect Range, polished up, spick and span : The pride of the housewife, this stands in the van Of inventions sought out to rejuvenate Man; But your open-air oven, built out in the. yard. Was an ancient device, all unsung by a bard, 'Most as old as the hills, we might say — Mother Eve Was the first one to use it, I really believe, When she made pies and cookies for Abel and Cain, After moving from Pkradise Row, where, of course. No cook-stoves were known. I have searched, all in vain. For the earliest, primitive, way-back first source Of arts culinary — in vain I inquire For Adam's First Lessons on Lighting a Fire. The Dover Library, though quite up-to-date. Can give me no light on the ultimate fate Of Cain, who ate everything raw; there's a hint That his wife couldn't cook — did I see it in print? Eve didn't approve of her ! Poor Cain ! the man Whose wife cannot cook must fall under the ban 1 But somehow, sometime, Man invented a way To cook and be civilized in that far day. And the oven on stilts, right out there in the yard. Came down through the ages, unsung by. a bard Till I found this great subject, unhackneyed, unworn. Fresh, fair as a rose in the dew of the morn. 'Twas my Lady of Wharton who gave me the cue To this wonderful theme, so old-timey, so new ! I pause just a moment to bow and to greet her. And now I must finish my task in short meter. Four crotched sticks you drive in the ground; other sticks Are then laid across ; thereupon sods you fix. 28l And earth over that ; then flat stones ; next you build An oven of stones, loose, the cracks to be filled With clay, arched a-top ; leave a mouth, make a door And a hole for a draft ; make a flat oven floor ; Put in wood, light your fire ; when the oven is hot Take out all the ashes, bake bread or what not — Roast turkey, roast pig, pies and cakes — tell you whatt That oven could soften a hard heart of stone ! Poor Cain ! if his poor, shiftless wife had but known The secret to soften the heart of a brute By cooking up victuals ! — that diet of fruit Might do for a while, but — roast turkey in season. Has charms, I must say, and no doubt "there's a reason. "^ One thing Eve regretted — that apple?— Oh, yes! But another thing weighed on her spirits, I guess ; The records don't say so — I've searched 'em in vain; But I guess she repented the day she raised Cain. She pondered the matter and hit on a plan To soften the heart of too primitive Man : She invented the oven, as sure as I'm human ! Or — could it be? — was it the man or the woman Who first hit upon this great, wondrous invention? Eve, Eve must have done it, without contravention ! The Richardson-Boynton folks took up the story And covered themselves and old Dover with glory By making the Perfect Cook Range for our nation. And that's why we stand at the head of Creation, Because of our toothsome, well-cooked, perfect ration F UNCLE BYRAM. O Muse, help me sing, not of mythical kings. Blood-curdling adventures and such thrilling things, Nor of love and romance, of fond courtship and wooing^ Of Cupid and Dido, of billing and cooing: All these I renounce — for the moment — ^to sing Of a plain, staid old bachelor. How can I fling A halo of glory about such a man? Looks dubious, does it? — I'll do what I can. He lived with his brother, the wheelwright, whose shop Was a place where old wagons and coaches must stop For repairs when they weakened with age. At the corner Of Dickerson street and the old Lampson road It stood in its day, near his humble abode. You see. Gentle Reader, my Muse is no scomer Of quiet old people who worked at a trade, Respected for character, not what they made. 282 Zenas Pruden made wagons ; his wife was "Aunt Sally," And now to my story my wits I must rally. My hero was born on the Old Pruden farm Near Morristown. There more than one generation Of Prudens grew up. Amid war's rude alarm, When our soldiers were camped there they found Pruden's farm A Godsend in helping them eke out their ration. A brick kiln was there and my hero made brick For the County Court House. But life's changes come quick. At twenty young Byram enlists for the war. On Governor's Island he helps to defend New York from the British until the war's end. Peace comes : Byram Pruden, a warrior no more. In time comes to Dover and uncles the brood -^ Of Aimt Sally's children in Dickerson street. Their love makes his bachelor life passing sweet. Thus have I the life of my hero reviewed To the day when he was, as historians say. The hero, in truth, of a notable day. The Morris Canal, that renowned waterway. From Dover to Rockaway then was complete. Friend Pragnall, boat-builder, has built the first boat, To be christened The Dover, a marvelous feat Of Jersey ship-building. To set it afloat Was a grand ceremony — a launching, in fact. A great celebration it was. From afar The people flocked in to behold this great act In the drama of Dover, and nothing could mar The joy of that day. Uncle Byram was staged For the proud role of Captain, to take full command Of the boat and the launching, and he had engaged To take this new craft, on her brave maiden trip. To Rockaway, then the far end of the ditch. I tell you ! Excitement was at a high pitch When The Dover of Dover set out at a clip That vied with an ox-team ! A red-letter day For Dover it was ! Uncle Byram looked back All his days to that voyage. An admiral may Be proud of his Flagship ; but when the long slack Of the rope of The Dover of Dover grew taut. As the mule on the towpath stepped off — ^you just ought To have stood on the deck with the Captain to steer, While the Basin resounded with cheer upon cheer! " ' ^'"'Jr. 283 A RACE A race! a race! a race, I say! The strangest race in many a day! Not striplings in their 'teens who try To make quick time and show they're spry : No, something better, greater, this ! A race no youngster ought to miss. Three old folks here in Dover town Once ran this race and won renown. One runner was an ancient dame, And Mistress Chrystal was her name, On Patrick Chrystal's farm, you know. Where Jordans lived not long ago. Another was good Elder Ford, James Ford, a man who loved the Lord. And Byram Pruden was the third — Of such a' race who ever heard? They took their time and ambled on Till ten and four-score years were gone. The race began to be exciting When ninety-five was reached and passed. Each wondered who would be the last. The Home-stretch now, at last, they're sighting. Who'll reach the goal, the century mark, Still cherishing the vital spark? Will Uncle Byram win? His span Of life is ninety-five and more. He's out ! Now Elder Ford's the man ! He may win yet ! Ah, no ! his score. That Man's allotted span defies. Is closed at ninety-eight : the prize Our Dover Atalanta wins. Undazzled by life's orbs of gold. As once the ancient tale was told. Her thread of life she slowly spins; She does not swerve, but pushes on And almost sees the century's dawn. She fails to reach the hundred line, But makes a score of ninety-nine! A DOVER CHRISTMAS— 1866 As Narrated by Major Andrew Baker Byram Ting-a, ling-a, ling-a, ling! Hear the merry sleigh-bells ring! Father Byram's at the door. And this is Christmas Day, what's more! 284 "Get in, good wife, and children all ! Come, take a ride and make a call ! We'll drive to Dover this fine day: Let's get the good of our new sleigh !" Well-wrapped and snug, away they glide Down Mine Hill's icy mountain side, Through Dover now they take their way. Up Lampson's Road; then stop and stay. "Jump out ! Jump out !" says Father B. "Walk in ! Walk in, good wife, and see Ydur Christmas gift— this house is yours And here we stay henceforth, as sure's You find it furnished, fit and ready; So make yourself at home, my Steady !" His wife got out, the place to view; The eager children fairly flew From room to room — "New tables, chairs !" "New stoves ! Fires lit !" — They climb the stairs. "Which room is mine?"— "And mine?" "And mine?" "I tell you what, this place is fine !" "Goodbye! Goodbye! Goodbye, Mine Hill! "Stay here we must ! Stay here we will !" "This Christmas present suits us all !" "We've come to stay, not make a call !" "And here's the check that pays the bill — Six thousand! Stay we must and will!" FORD'S POND There once was a dear little pond, fair to see, In the "sixties" renowned as a "lake" — can it be? But now 'tis a rank bed of weeds, with a rill Of water that flows from the Chrystal street hill. Except when it rains ; a big mud puddle then You may find on this spot — till it dries up again. "Ford's Pond" is the name of this woe-begone spot In the good town of Dover — a pond it is not. Beside the stone wall that you see over there Once stood William Ford's famous shop, a place where Young Vulcans were trained to the blacksmithing trade; Here axes were ground and all edge tools displayed; Gunsmithing and turning were done on demand, And axes were made, of the very bek brand. Further down was his house, near the tracks as now seen. With garden and pear-trees and plum-trees, I ween. How changed since that day when the anvil rang loud And the master mechanic of Dover, so proud. Labored here in his smithy from morning till night: His monument's yonder, off there to the right. 28s How often, in winter, when Jack Frost had crowned The pond of those days with firm ice, here were found The boys and the girls, all so blithesome and gay, Now sliding, now gliding the swift hours away ! Released from the schoolhouse there under the hill. They coasted and skated with hearty good will. Nor dreamed of the day when the pond should go dry And the shop pass away and the railroad come by ! But hold ! — when mosquitoes no longer decide Their eggs to its stagnating shoals to confide And keep all the neighbors awake, summer nights. With music that banishes slumbrous delights ; "When the cold gathers keen and the winter grows grim We'll flood the old pond again, up to the brim. And merry young voices shall ring out so free And Challenge the ghosts of the past in their glee ! WILLIAM YOUNG A Ballad of Dover in 1847. When William Young to Dover came In eighteen- forty-seven It was a quiet rural scene — To him it seemed like heaven. 'He came upon a pleasure trip ; He looked the village over : 'Twas love at sight — he pulled up stakes And came to live in Dover. -A tiny house he found, quite cheap; He made a bake-shop there, And soon began to thrive ; in thrift His good wife did her share. "She loved her good man; for his sake She clieerfully forsook The city life, the ballrooms gay Of Brooklyn, and betook "Her pilgrim footsteps to these wilds — Ford's Pond was o'er the way — The frogs in solemn chorus croaked Their 'wish that she might stay. 286 And so she did and minded well Her household and the shop ; And to her loving William she Failed not to be a prop. A rustic little village then Was here — a rolling mill, A furnace, factory, some stores, Boatyard, some land to till, With gardens fair and shaded streets Where now are marts of trade, While seven hundred souls in all. Their home in Dover made. There was no railroad in those days. But William prophesied That through the quiet village soon The noisy trains would glide. The neighbors laughed his words to scorn ; He vowed that he was right ; And in a year or so 'twas plain — He had Scotch "second sight." Oh, what a day of days was that When on the new-laid track The cars came rumbling on their way And then went rumbling back! The people came from miles away The strange new sight to see ; They ushered the New Era in With wonderment and glee. That was in '48 ; next came The gold year, '49 ! When Neighbor Hurd and "Sandy" Young Went west to find a mine. But William bided by his shop And baked his cakes and bread. And found more gold in Dover here Than "Sandy" — it is said. And William proved himself a man, A citizen of worth, A school trustee, a pillar he; In brief— "salt of the earth." 287 Within his shop he made a place For books, the S. of T. Library found a haven here — Snug quarters, cosy, free. And so he fed the inner man With bread and dainties sweet. While doctrines of the "S. of T." Gave strength to wavering feet. One night there was a snow-storm drear ; A stranger came that way And asked a shelter from the stormi — The good wife said him nay. He was far-gone — ^no pleasing guest ; He staggered out, astray ! But William followed through the storm And brought him back to stay. He stayed a night, he stayed a week. From kindly host he learned The secret of a better life And to that light he turned. How can I tell the kindly deeds, The works of William Young? From morn to night hold forth I might, But book must succor tongue. So turn ye to the Chronicles Of Dover, where you'll find The story of this honest Scot — \ A lover of his kind ! TAVE. From Dickerson Street to the White House. Good Aunt Sally Pruden — no better could be — Lived on Dickerson street, long ago, where you see A shoe shop these days. The front window displays A name from the land of the talented Caesar, Whose works we still study in school ; would it please her- Aunt Sally, I mean — her front window to see Littered up with old shoes, where a first familie Of Dover upheld the old town's dignitie? Aunt Sally? — the story is long; I can't fell it Straight on — my pen sturfibles; Time's changes compel it To ramble afar froni those staid, quiet days 288 When Aunt Sally "resided" on Dickerson street. She saw the incoming of new-fangled ways — Canal boats; the railroad, the new church. Her feet Never knew these new fashions in French taper heels. Her good man was wheelwright ; he tired wagon wheels. His shop on the corner, now transmogrified, Once kept each old family coach in repair. Stage coaches, farm wagons he deftly supplied With spokes, hubs and tires — ^not the new rubber ware. To resume : that old house in the sketch I first gave : A picture I have of that old house when Tave Stood before it. His folks are there, too ; a big tree Overshadows the homestead. Why didn't they save That tree? But the folks are gone too. Now we see A shoe shop, show windows, shoes — ^nothing but shoes ! And a name from the land of the Classical Muse! Octavius — Tave, as they called him, the boy Aunt Sally raised here, was his mother's true joy. He went to the war — Major Pruden, ere long ! (This tale is a history more than a song.) But Tave was so skilled with the pen he was shifted From gun-work to pen-work and shortly he drifted Right into the White House, in '^2, And stayed there and stayed : Grant, Hayes — ^he stayed through Their terms and four more ; six presidents he Assisted as "Master of Ceremonie," In ruling the White House. At banquets he knew Where notable guests should be seated, and few Ever wielded a pen with such masterly art : ('Twas right here in Dover he got his first start!) Commissions and dinner cards, papers of state He engrossed and illumined in colors ; so great Was his much admired skill that his work could be found Shown "on exhibition" the whole wide world 'round. So much for the little old house, where one day A great man was seen, on a visit, they say Secretary of State of our nation, the guest Of Aunt Sally Pruden, of memory blest! 28o RAPID TRANSIT 1820-1920 When Dover citizens of yore, Intent on making speed, Would make a rapid transit trip. They knew no iron steed. An ox-team was their motive power. Yoked to a loaded wain; Fast-steppers could, ere supper time. Their goal in Newark gain. The axles may have creaked a bit, The "critters" may have lowed; But, on the whole, a quiet time They had upon the road. Perhaps they blew a horn and cried "Fresh clams!" as they returned; They had "Clam Classes" in those days. As I've from old folks learned. But things have changed, we're faster now And noisier times are here ; By day, by night we start in fright At shrieks that pierce the ear. Four thrilling blasts, five ripping blasts, At dead of night or dawn, Rouse us from sleep and slumbers deep With signal cries long-drawn. And rumbling trains go crashing by With thunderous jolt and jar ; With cars from Kansas, Frisco, freight F«r Buenos Aires far. Anon a high crescendo sharp Wakes echees round the curve. And nearer, nearer shrills the blast While tingles every nerve. The 'Leven-twenty Flier comes — You know the time of day — And with a rush her wheels just brush The rails — ^and she's awajr! 290 And now a yard-train puffs and snorts And shoots it jangling cars This yrzy and that with noisy clat — Clat-clatter — sudden jars ! Till ghosts of those whose bones were laid To rest on Morris Street, Above Ford's Pond, awake and flee In horrified retreat. Such are our daily symphonies. Our modes of transit fleet; We have our moving pictures now And music halls dite. The airplane circles overhead. We ride in motor cars, A team of oxen can't be found, We hob-nob with the stars. THE TOWN CLERK, 1922 The Town Clerk is a busy man — AH day and eke at night He toils and moils to do the work That falls to him by right. Upon his shoulders men bestow Their multifarious cares ; He lifts the load and with it all A dimpling smile he wears. Tall and erect, he strides along With quick and springy pace; Upon our streets and in parades He has a leading place. For he is of the Firemen, now Exempt by service long. And yet his youthful gait reveals A man alert and strong. And he is of the Elks, a clan That has a chapter here ; A "mixer" with "the boys" is he. Abounding in good cheer. 291 When Council meets, 'tis then he shines; He reads the minute book. And gallops through the last (^e|x>rt More swift than babbling brook. He calls the business by the sard. He takes notes with dispatch ; He keeps things moving, brisk and sure — In town is not his match. How to proceed, what to record. To keep a strict account Of bills and monies he is keen, Of large or small amount. When Bicentennial Days draw near. He hoes the longest row. And does his very level best To make all smoothly go. Chief Carhart finds in him a prop, A staff that never breaks ; Comtnittees march and countermarch- J. B. the minutes takes. "JOE BAKER" is the current name By which this Qerk is known ; His deeds I cannot all declare — These few hereby are shown. 392 THE FIREMEN The Firemen are the gallant lads Whose deeds deserve a song ; They've caught the Bicentennial tune And swung it right along. I shall not tell of their good work In fighting smoke and flame Nor how they love a timely lark — Their spirits are not tame. But when they tackle Old Home Week Or Bicentennial Years They surely show a level head Befitting ingineers. They know the ropes, the ins and outs, Each pitfall and each snag. Nor do they dilly dally long Or vainly chew the rag. Right to the point they drive, with clear Shrewd sense and mother wit, And shoulder loads that well might give Less sturdy men a fit. Concessions, street parades and shows Are playthings ; Hookies are At home in contests, prizes, fairs, Music or gay bazaar. Comrades in danger or in fun. They work to beat the band ; Protracted meetings are their forte When such things are on hand. They've asked our friends and neighbors 'round Td help us celebrate A BICENTENNIAL for all— No lonely "Dover Date." The DOVER FIREMEN, gallant lads! They are the lads who got up steam They shine at fires or fetes: To publish DOVER DATES. 293 THE SONG OF DOVER I 722- I 922 My birthplaee was an iron-forge Beside a flowing stream ; The murmuring pines and hemlocks stooc* On either hand in deep amaze And could but stand and gaze and gaze And whisper, "Bodes it ill or good Or is it but a passing dream, This clanging iron-forge? The startled trout from shaded nook Came out to take a wondering look. Then darted back in deep dismay To hear the knell of that long day When Red Men roamed the forest here And fished the streams and stalked the deer. When wolfpacks ranged the hill and glen. When bruin found himself a den Far up the stream, above the Falls, 'Neath overhanging rocky walls. The Red Man came and saw the doom Of his slight weapons tipped with stone; Time, with his ever-shifting loom. Has changed the pattern — weak, outgrown. The pointed flint, the axehead crude Must yield to better art; the change From Stone to Iron begins this hour; This forge points out the way to power. But hope of better days is bom Beside this stream, for Plenty's horn Shall overflow when plowshares bright Prepare new harvests and the might Of steam shall drive the iron horse On, thundering, with resistless force ; When men shall speed from East to West And garner with untiring zest New fruits and riches from the land Where roamed the untaught Indian band. Dread wars shall rise, and shot and shell Drawn from these hills shall break the spell Of naked warriors and their arts Of dealing death by spear and bow. Science its wondrous power imparts. This forge shall deal a mightier blow For Freedom than has yet been dealt By scalping knife and tomahawk. The mind that can the iron ore smelt 294 Shall make new magic; wires shall talk. Strange, humming-birds shall circle high Above Mine Hill and onward fly; Munitions from these hills, and men Shall cross the wide Atlantic sea And do their part to uphold again The law of right and keep Man free. Great furnaces shall gleam at night There in the North. This forge shall rend The very hills that round it bend. From rocky depth shall bring to light The wealth long hid, far, far below These wooded heights. The forge's glow. Shall be the hall-mark of the town That here is born. Time, time shall show The path that leads to world renown. My birthplace was an iron-forge Beside a flowing stream. Where murmuring pines and hemlocks stood On either hand: who then could see "What in two hundred years would be? May coming years bring greater good That still shall follow from the gleam Of that old iron-forge? 395 INDEX DOVER DATES Abolition, 36 Account Book, 1821-S0,2t0 Acftdemy, 3S,S( Adath Israel, 1(8 Advance, The. IBI Aetna Forge, 218 Agrrlculture, 107 Aldermen, 87 AlpexB, M. E. 102 Analysis of Ores, 250 Andros, Bdmund, 12, li Armory, 182 Atlas Powder Co., 227 Awakeningr, Great 25 Baker, Jos. V., 290-1 Baker Homestead, 26 Baker & Ludlow, 28 Baker, Wm. Hedges, 195 Bank, National Union, 147 Baptist Church, 165 Barclay, Rob't, 13 Barstow Management Co., 80,^13 Basse, Jeremiah, 16, 20 Battery D., 191 Beach, Elleeta, 63 Beach Glen Mine, 244 Belcher, Jonathan, IS Beman, David, S3 Beman's Forge, 26, 43,45,48 Beemer, Alpheus, 45 Berkshire Valley, Birch Wm. P., 233 Blackwell & McFarlan, 31 Boiler "Works, 233 Bowlby, R. S. 140 Boys' Brigade, 184 Breese, Carrie A. 62, Harriet Brook, Granny's, 66 Brotherhood Overalls, 202 Srotherton, Henry, 24, 26 Brotherlon, Richard, 48, 49 Brotrerton, James W., 24, 26, 4 Buck, Peter C, 122-127 Burlington, 23 Burnet, Martha A., 129 Burnet, Wm. 17 Butterworth, Joshua H., 35 Byram, Uncle, 281 Byram Bthelbert, 88 Canal, 264 Candle Tree, 211 Campbell, NelU, 15 Canfleld, Pred'k A., 35, 45, 46 Canfield & Losey, 27, 31, 43 Capitals of Bast Jersey, 23 Carhart, George B. 94, 95 Carteret, Philip, 11, 12, 13 Cemeteries, 175 Centennial Collections, 134 Central R. R .17, it>3 Chambers, Rev. T. P., 172 Chapel, Crystal St., 166 Charcoal, 244 Charter of Dover, 37 Christmas, A. Dover, 283 Churches, 160, 167 Circuit preachers, 31 Civil War, 37 Clam Classes, 278, 289 Clergymen (See churches) Commerce, 30 Company M., 181 Concentrating Ores, 247 Consolidated IClnes, 246 ConstaUes, 89 Constitution ,State, 35 Cook, John K., 206 Cornbury, 17 Counties, 14 Court, District, 90, Police, 89 Crane Hill, 62 Crane, Uzal Newton, (2, 63, 180 Commissions, Sewerage, 86 Commissions, Shade Tree, 85 Commissions, Sinking Fund, 85 Committees, Standing, 83 Community, Slements of, 29 Cook Range, Perfect, 281 Counterman, Chas. U., 88 Crystal Ice Co., 218 Denmark, Lake, 229 Dlckerson, Jonathan, 28, 33 Dickerson, Mahlon, 46 Dlckerson Mine, 21, 28, 65 Downs-Slater Iron Foundry, 238 Dover Boiler Works, 233 Dover Iron Co., 37 Dover, 21, 25 Dover Telephone Co., 216 Dover of Dover, 34, 282 Dover, founded, 21, Town, 45 Dover, The Song of, 293; A. Song, 70 Drying Ores, 248 Dutch Rule, 10 Dynamite,, 218, 220, 228 Education, Board of, 86, 141, 142, 134 Elizabeth Town, 11, 16, 18, 23 Elks' Prize Essay, 143 Explosives, 218 Embargo, 30 Employees, (see Industrials) Enterprise, The Dover, 161 Environment of Dover, 46 Exports, (see Industrials) Era, Iron, 62, 151 Faesch, J. J., 218, 240 Faesch, Richard, 27, 240 Perromont, 46 Fires in Dover, 91 Firemen, Exempt, 91 Firemen, Department, 91, 292 Fitz Randolph, Hartshorn, 26, 45, 48 Flav, What it Means, 143 Flartey, Geo. R., 189 Ford, Col. Jacob, 218 Ford's Pond, 71, 284; Forcite, 227 Ford, Wm., 33, 264 Forge, Jackson's, 18, 274, 293 Fourth of July, 32, 262 Foundry (Downs-Slater, 238 Franklin, Gov. Wm., 18 Freeman, Minerva, 116, 118, 120 Freight Service, 261, 252 French, Mrs. Mabel, 106 Friends, 46 Frog & Switch Shop, 239 Gardner, Wm., 89 Gas & Electric Co., George I., 17 George II., 17 George III., 27 Gibson, John S. 62 296 Gill, Harry R., 161 Girl Scouts, 206 Governors, Colonial, 17 Grand Army of Republic, 37, 179 Great erandmother'i poem, 277 Guard, The Dover, 186 Guards, Home, 189 Guenther, Paul, 203 Halloway, Rev. W. W.. 62, 108, 160 Hamilton, Gov., 16 Hanover Township, 46 Hatfield, Edwin, 23 Health, Board of, 85. 100 Hebrew Society, 176 Hercules Club, 222 Hercules Powder Co., 218 Historical Poems, 274, 294 Hosking, Wm. H., Mayor, 83 Hospital, Auxiliary, 110 Hospital, General, 108 Hulsart, J. H., 137-9 Hummel, Wm. G., 3; Francis P., 161 Hunter, Rob't, 19 Hunterdon Co., 18. 19, 45 Kurd, Charlotte S.. 127 Hurd. John W., 36 Hurd. Josiah, 43 Hurd Park. 65. 122 Hurdtown, Scenes, 78 Hygiene, Child. 106 Illumination, 211 Indians, 19, 44 Index. The, 151 Industrial Iron Era, 62, 151 Iron Trade Review, 232, 250 Iron Works, 230 Jacobites, 16 Jackson, Aunt Abigail, 62 Jackson. Benjamin, S3 Jackson, John, 17, 21, 22, 45, 48, 274 Jackson, Joseph, 27 Jackson, Stephen, il James II, 15 Jerseyman, The, Preface Johnson, Thomas F., 66 Justices of Peace, 89 Kattermann, Emil G., 201, 141 Kenstler's Band, 215, 137 Kenvll Plant, 218 King, Rev. B., 31, 19 Kirkbride, Jos., 21 Labor, (See Industrials) Laboratory, Board of Health, 102 Lackawanna R. R., 257 Latham, Jos^ 20, 21 Laundry, Cook's, 205 LawrSe, Gawen, 14, 15 League, Home Defense, 188 Lefevre, artist, 78 Legion, American, 194 Lenni Lenape, 19 Library, Free Public, 85, 129, 133 Livingston, Gov. Wm., 23 Loan Exhibition of 1879, 266 Log Cabins, 278 Long Island, 22 Louisiana Purchase, 36 Lynd, W. L. R., 87. 141 Location of Dover, 43-6 MacFall, Arling M., 204 Magie, Miss, 73 Magie, Rev. B. C, 35 Mail, The Dover, 151 Manual of Dover, 83 Marquard, O. A., 216 ^ilayors of Dover. 87 Maxim, Hudson, 68 McFarlan, Henry, Sr., 33, 34, loS MoKiernan-Terry Drill Co., 235 Meeting House, Friends'. 46 Meeting of Waters, 33 Mendham, 27, 43 Methodist Church, First, 35, 161 Grace, 161; Free, 167 Methodist Church at Millbrook, 54 Metropolitan Life Ins., 104 Meyer, Ruth, 143 Mexican War, 36 Mlllen, Elias, 66 Middle Forge, 217 Military Organiatlons, 176 Mill Brook, 21, 58, 59 Mine Hill, 21, 24, 67„ 169, 170 Mines Consolidated, 245 Morris & Essex R. R., 36, 254 Morris Canal, 32, 'ii, 254 Morris Co. Journal, 152, 181 Morris Co. Traction Co., 259 Morris County, 45 Morrisi Lewis. 17. 23 Mott, Theo. F.. 21, 58 Mt. Freedom, 70 Mt. Pleasant, 28 Mt. Sinai Cem. Association, 176 Mulligan. C. R.. 231 Mulligan, John, 231 Municipal Board, 83 Music, lining out, 53 Map, Dover on. 38 Map of Dover, 44 Name, Dover, 25 Names, Old Family, 22, 261 Naurlght. J. E. D., 136 Naval Ammunition Depot., 229 Neighbour, James H., 154 Newark, 11 New Jersey, East and West, 12 N. J. Gas & Electric Co., 212 N. J. Power & Light Co., 213 Newspapers of Dover, 161 New York, Greater, 79 Nicholson. Francis, 15 Nitro Glycerine, 219" North Jersey Steel Co.. 242 Noubessemer Ore, 251 Nos Ipsae Club, 108 Octagon Club, 129 Odes. Three, 268 Old Tye, 2S Ores, North Jersey, 243, 246 Ovens, 280 Odds and Ends, 260 Officers, (See name of Organization) Officers, 84 Pageant of 1920, 267 ^ Parliament, Act of 1750, 24 Patronesses, pageant, 268 Penn, Wm., 12, 13, 21, 48, 49 Penniman, R. S., 221 Pennsylvania, 80 Pequannock, 43, 45 Peters, H. S., 202 Petition to Congress, 31 Perth Amboy, 14, 23 Perth, Earl of, 14 Phosphorus Ore. 249 Picatinny, 24, 222, 224 Pile Hammer, 236 Pie Pan, 279 29Z Poetry, 67, 215, 274 Police Court, 89 Police Force, 8S Population of Dover, 34, 3u Porch, Prom My, 73 Port Oram S. & L. Club, 73, 75 Postal Service, 20 Postmasters, 128, 127 Post office, 31, 127 Powder, 220 Presbyterian, 15, 160 Presbyterian Church, 34, 51, 16U Primer, The Dover, 38 Princeton College, 18 Proprietors, 11-17 Pruden, Aunt Sally, 282 Pruden, Byram, 31, 34 Pruden, Octavius, 287 Pruden, Zenas, 33, 282 Putting Dover on Map, 38 Quakers, 48 Quaker Church, 26 Quaker Proprietors, 12, 13 Queen Anne, 16 Quit-rents, 17 Race, A., 283 Ramble, Dover to Mine Hill, 6S Randolph Township, 45, 46 Rapid Transit, 289 Reading, John, 18 Real Estate, 154 Red Cross, 111 Reminiscences, 135, 216 Replogle, J. Leonard, 240, 246 Replog-le Steel Co., 240 Returns, 21 Richard Mine, 240 Richardson & Boynton, 3tl, 189, Itis. Richter, 219 Riederer, E. J., 223 Roads, Two Old, 45 Robertson, W. J., 186 Roche. H. M., 242, 24 B Rockaway. 51, 53 Rofr, H. Miller, 184 Rofr, J. Wesley, 184 Rogers, Pearce, Rev., 170 Russell Sage Foundation, T9 Sacred Heart, Church of, 168 Salvation Army, 168 Saugerties, N. Y., 231 Schooley's Forge, 45 Schooley, Wm., 21 Sohooley, Robert, 45 Schools, 33, 134, 135, 140 Sohwarz, Harry L., 155 Schrader, John C, 219 Sea Power, 30 Segur, Thos. B., 34 Searing Alonzo B., 54, 179, 180 Searing, Isaac W., 91, 132 Sewerage Commission, 86 Shot well, Jos., 24, 25, J "=4 Shrewsbury, 24 Sickles, Wm. W., 92 Silk, 201, 203 Singer, W. V., 140, 141 Slavery, Abolition, 36 Smokeless Powder, 221 Snake Story, 279 Sons of Temperance, 35 Soldiers, Names of (See name of ganization). Soldiers, Monument, ,125 Spanish-American W)a.T, 181 St. John's Episcopal Church, 36, 162 St. Mary's Church, 162 Stone Academy, 33, 164 Stores, 33 Sturtevant, Thos. E., 237 Sussex Overall Factory, 204 Sunday Schools, 19, 34, 53 Super-power Trunk Line, 80 Swiss Knitting Co., 201 Swedish Churches, 166-7 Taylor, John G., 102, 118 Tave, 287 Teachers of Dover, 135-6 Telephone Co., 216 Temperance, 35, 36 Terry Core Drill Co., 235 Ticonderoga, 25 Thomas Iron Co., 246 Thurber, L. W., 136, 134 Town Clerk, 290 Tonking, Wm. H., 10'5 Township, 45 Traffic Interchange, 258 Transportation, 252, 260 Trenton, 19, 20, 23 Trust Company, 149 Tuttle. David, 21 Tuttle, Jos. F., 25, 26, 51 Turnpikes, 31 Ulster Iron Wofks, 230 Van Gelder, A. P., 228 Voorhees, Gov. F. W., 183 Washington, George, 27 Water Dept., 86, 97 Wharton, 73, 75 Wharton & Northern R. R., 241 Wharton Steel Co., 240 U J White House, 288 Whltham, Mayor, 18T William of Orange, 18 Winds, Gen. Wm., 25, 26, 27, 53 Woman's Club, Rhyme of, 120 First Decade, 118 World War, 225 York, Duke of, 11, 12, 18, 15 Young, Edward M.. 137 Young, Wm., 36, 280 0»- 29* UST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO DOVER DATES lira. A. Aekarman Utm. Edward V. Alpara Mrs. Andrew And«rao> Arthur Andaraon C. O. Andaraon Harry W. Andaraon Mra. R. U. Ambroae Chaa. W. Apgar Archie the Auto Trimmer Harry A. Armltagra Clinton Ayera Henry Baker Joseph V. Baker Thomas Baker 'Clifford A. Barabe Carl H. Barlow Wm. J. Basaett Mrs. Clara Banghan Fred W. Batten C H. 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