S55 
 
 ■^^. 
 
 1\^^' 
 
 Ail' 
 
 
 'M^ 
 
 
 r^S 
 
 ^ 
 
 m^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 ^^* 
 
 ■i^- 
 
 
 
 ^«?\<* 
 
 ■^/i: 
 
PtA 
 
 .^^^ 
 
 ft 
 
 ^ S2) 
 
 CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 FROM 
 D.S. Kimball 
 
NOV 11 1953 D!f 
 
 flQJJ^W^^^^f^ 
 
 
 Cornell University Library 
 PM 848.S53 
 
 Chinook iargon and how to use it; 
 
 3 1924 027 107 899 
 
The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924027107899 
 
THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 CHIEF AUTHORITIES. 
 
 Myron Eells, D. D., (manuscript). 
 
 George Gibbs, (Smithsonian Institution), printed. 
 
 Horatio Hale, M. A., F. R. S. C, (printed). 
 
 Charles M. Buchanan, (Haskell Institute), manuscript. 
 
 Dr. Franz Boas, (printed). 
 
 Alexander Francis Chamberlain, (printed). 
 
 Rev. Paul Gard, (manuscript notes), French words. 
 
 W. S. Phillips, (El Comancho), criticism. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Alfred (Indians), Suquamish, Wash. 
 
 Indians, (numerous), Puget Sd., Neah Bay and West Coast. 
 
THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 AND HOW TO USE IT 
 
 A COMPLETE AND EXHAUSTIVE 
 
 LEXICON OF THE OLDEST TRADE 
 
 LANGUAGE OF THE 
 
 AMERICAN CONTINENT. 
 
 By 
 GEORGE C. SHAW 
 
 1909 
 
 Seattle 
 
 Rainier Printing Company, Inc. 
 
 116 Third Avenue So. 
 
^7 r 
 
 Copyright 1909 by 
 George C, Shaw 
 
To 
 
 Erastus Brainerd 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 In offering the present work to the 
 public, it is the author's hope to supply, 
 with respect to other dictionaries of the 
 Chinook Jargon, a desideratum hitherto 
 unsupplied in the fifty or more editions 
 of small vocabularies Issued during a 
 period of seventy years. 
 
 It has been the aim to give the origin 
 and derivation of every word treated, 
 whenever such is known, and to record 
 under each every authoritative reference 
 thereto. Also a reference to the author- 
 ity is noted. 
 
 With regard to the spelling, it is be- 
 lieved that a sufficient number of forms 
 is recorded to enable the student to 
 identify practically every word, as well 
 as to trace the origin of many words of 
 undetermined derivation. 
 
 A valuable feature is the index to use- 
 ful words in the main vocabulary. An- 
 other feature worth mention is the sup- 
 plemental vocabulary of about two hun- 
 dred uncommon words, which are of 
 such limited use as to preclude a neces- 
 sity for their appearance in the main 
 vocabulary. One of the best features, 
 perhaps, is the Guide to Pronunciation, 
 with the Key to the Symbols. This 
 pronouncing vocabulary records two 
 hundred and seventy-five words, employ- 
 ing the diacritically marked letters, and 
 is the work of the late Myron Eells, 
 than whom no higher authority ever 
 lived. 
 
 "The origin of this Jargon, a conven- 
 tional language similar to the Ijingua 
 Franca of the Mediterranean, the Negro- 
 English-Dutch of Surinam, the Pigeon 
 English of China, and several other 
 mixed tongues, dates back to the fur 
 droguers of the last century. Those 
 mariners whose enterprise in the fifteen 
 years preceding 1800, explored the in- 
 tricacies of the northwest coast of 
 America, picked up at their general ren- 
 dezvous, Nootka Sound, various native 
 words useful in barter, and thence trans- 
 planted them, with additions from the 
 English, to the shores of Oregon. Even 
 before their day, the coasting trade and 
 warlike expeditions of the northern 
 tribes, themselves a seafaring race, had 
 opened up a partial understanding of 
 of each other's speech; for when, in 
 1792, Vancouver's officers visited Gray's 
 Harbor, they found that the natives, 
 though speaking a different language, 
 understood many words of the Nootka. 
 
 On the arrival of Lewis and Clarke 
 at the mouth of the Columbia, in 1806, 
 the new language, from the sentences 
 
 given by them, had evidently attained 
 some form. It was with the arrival of 
 Astor's party, however, that the Jargon 
 received its principal impulse. Many 
 more words of English were then 
 brought in, and for the first time the 
 French, or rather the Canadian and 
 Missouri patois of the French, were in- 
 troduced. The principal seat of the 
 company being at Astoria, not only a 
 large addition of Chinook words was 
 made, but a considerable number was 
 taken from the Chihalis, who immediate- 
 ly bordered the tribe on the north, — 
 each owning a portion of Shoalwater 
 Bay. The words adopted from the sev- 
 eral languages were, naturally enough, 
 those most easily uttered by all, except, 
 of course, that objects new to the na- 
 tives found names in French or Eng- 
 lish, and such modifications were made 
 in pronunciation as suited tongues ac- 
 customed to different sounds. Thus the 
 gutturals of the Indians were softened 
 or dropped; and the f and r of the Eng- 
 lish and French, to them unpronounce- 
 able, were modified into p and 1. Gram- 
 matical forms were reduced to their 
 simplest expression, and variations in 
 mood and tense conveyed only by ad- 
 verbs or by the context. The language 
 continued to receive additions, and as- 
 sumed a more distinct and settled mean- 
 ing, under the Northwest and Hudson's 
 Bay companies, who succeeded Astor's 
 party, as well as through the American 
 settlers in Oregon. Its advantage was 
 soon perceived by the Indians, and the 
 Jargon became to some extent a means 
 of communication between natives of 
 different speech, as well as between 
 them and the whites. It was even used 
 as such between Americans and Cana- 
 dians. It was at first most in vogue 
 upon the lower Columbia and the Wil- 
 lamette, whence it spread to Puget 
 Sound, and with the extension of trade 
 found its way far up the coast, as well 
 as the Columbia and Fraser rivers; and 
 there are now few tribes between the 
 42nd and 57th parallels of latitude In 
 which there are not to be found inter- 
 preters through its medium. Its preva- 
 lence and easy acquisition, while of vast 
 convenience to traders and settlers, has 
 tended greatly to hinder the acquire- 
 ment of the original Indian languages; 
 so much so, that except by a few mis- 
 sionaries and pioneers, hardly one of 
 them is spoken or understood by white 
 men In all Oregon and Washington 'Ter- 
 ritory. Notwithstanding its apparent 
 poverty in number of words, and the 
 
X 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 absence of grammatical forms, it pos- 
 sesses much more flexibility and power 
 of expression than might be imagined, 
 and really serves almost every purpose 
 of ordinary intercourse. 
 
 The number of words constituting the 
 Jargon proper has been variously stated. 
 Many formerly employed have become 
 in great measure obsolete, while others 
 have been locally introduced. Thus, at 
 the Dalles of the Columbia, var.ious 
 terms are common which would not 
 be intelligible at Astoria or on Puget 
 Sound. In making the following selec- 
 tion, I have included all those which, 
 on reference to a number of vocabu- 
 laries, I have found current at any of 
 these places, rejecting, on the other 
 hand, such as individuals, partially ac- 
 quainted with the native languages, have 
 employed for their own convenience." — 
 George Gibbs, in "A Dictionary of the 
 Chinook Jargon or Trade Language of 
 Oregon," prepared from materials col- 
 lected by himself during a residence of 
 twelve years on the Northwest Coast of 
 North America. 
 
 "CHINOOK." 
 
 "The 'Trade Jtangvage,' which came 
 afterwards to be known as the 'Chinook 
 Jarg'on,' grew into existence. As finally 
 developed, it has become really an 'inter- 
 national speech' widely diffused _amon^ 
 the fifty tribes of Oregon, Washington, 
 British Columbia and Alaska, and of 
 inestimable service, not only to com- 
 merce, but to science, to missionary ef- 
 forts, and to the convenience of travel- 
 ers. • * » The British and Ameri- 
 can trading ships first appeared on the 
 northwest coast during the closing years 
 of the last (eighteenth) century. The 
 great number of languages spoken by 
 the native tribes proved to be a, serious 
 hindrance to their business. * * * 
 Unfortunately, all these languages — 
 the Nootka, NiBilually, Climook, Cbl- 
 liaillsli, and others — were alike harsh in 
 pronunciation, complex in structure, and 
 each spoken over a very limited space. 
 But, as the harbor of Nootka was at 
 that time the headquarters or chief em- 
 porium of the trade, it was necessarily 
 the case that some words of the dialect 
 there spoken became known to the 
 traders, and the Indians, on the other 
 hand, were made familiar with a few 
 English words. These, with the assist- 
 ance of signs, were sufficient for the 
 slight intercourse that was then main- 
 tained. Afterwards the traders began 
 to frequent the Columbia River, and 
 naturally attempted to communicate 
 ■with the natives there by means of the 
 words with which they had found in- 
 telligible at Nootka. The Chinooks, who 
 are quick in catching sounds, soon ac- 
 
 quired these words, both Nootka and 
 English, and we find that they were in 
 use among them as early as the visit 
 of Lewis and Clark in 1804. But when, 
 at a later period, the white traders of 
 Aster's expeditions, and from other 
 quarters, made permanent establish- 
 ments in Oregon, it was soon found 
 that the scanty list of nouns, verbs, and 
 adjectives then in use was not sufficient 
 for the more constant and general inter- 
 course which began to take place. A 
 real language, complete in all its parts, 
 however limited in extent, was required; 
 and it was found by drawing upon the 
 Chinook for such words as were requi- 
 site, in order to add to the skeleton 
 which they had already possessed the 
 sinews and tendons, the connecting liga- 
 ments, as it were, of a speech- These 
 consisted of the numerals (the ten 
 digits and the word for hundred), twelve 
 pronouns (I, thou, he, we, ye, they, this, 
 other, all, both, who, what), and about 
 twenty adverbs and prepositions (such 
 as now, then, formerly, soon, across, 
 ashore, offshore, inland, above, below, to, 
 with, etc.). Having appropriated these 
 and a few other words of the same 
 tongue, the Trade Language — or, as it 
 now began to be styled, 'the Jargon' — 
 assumed a regular shape, and became 
 of great service as a means of general 
 intercourse. But the new idiom received 
 additions from other sources. The Ca- 
 nadian voyageurs, as they are called, 
 who enlisted in the service of the Amer- 
 ican and British fur companies, were 
 brought more closely in contact with 
 the Indians than any others of the for- 
 eigners. They did not merely trade, 
 they traveled, hunted, ate, and, in short, 
 lived with them on terms of familiarity. 
 The consequence was that several words 
 of the French language were added to 
 the slender stock of the Jargon. Eight 
 on ten words were made by what gram- 
 marians term onomatopoeia, — that is, 
 were formed by rude attempts to imi- 
 tate sound, and are therefore the sole 
 and original property of the Jargon. 
 All the words thus combined in this 
 singularly constructed language, at that 
 stage of its existence, were found to 
 number, according to my computation, 
 about two hundred and fifty. Of these, 
 eighteen were of Nootka origin, forty- 
 one were English, thirty-four French, 
 one hundred and eleven Chinook, ten 
 formed by onomatopoeia, and some 
 thirty-eight were of doubtful derivation, 
 though probably for the most part 
 either Chinook or Nootkan. But as 
 might be expected, the language con- 
 tinued to develop. Its grammar, such 
 as it was, remained the same, but its 
 Lexicon drew contributions from all the 
 various sources which have been named, 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 XI 
 
 and from some others. In 1863, seven- 
 teen years after my list was published, 
 the Smithsonian Institution put forth 
 a 'Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon,' 
 prepared by the late George Gibbs, a 
 thoroughly competent investigator. His 
 collection comprised nearly five hun- 
 dred words. Those of Chinook origin 
 had almost doubled, being computed at 
 two hundred and twenty-one. The 
 French had more than doubled, and com- 
 prised now ninety-four words. The 
 ISnglish terms were sixty-seven. The 
 great Salish or 'Flathead' stock, with 
 whose tribes, next to the Chinook, 
 the Oregon traders had the largest re- 
 lations, furnished thirty-nine words. 
 The Nootka, in its various dialects, now 
 yielded twenty-four. The others, about 
 forty, were due to the Imitation of nat- 
 ural sounds, or were of casual or un- 
 determined derivation. There can be no 
 doubt that it will remain a living and 
 useful language so long as the native 
 tribes continue to speak their own dia- 
 lects. Rude and form^less as it is, the 
 spontaneous product o'f the commercial 
 needs of mingled races, it has been the 
 source of great and varied benefits. It 
 may well serve, if not as a model, at 
 least as a finger-post to direct us to 
 some higher invention for subserving 
 the larger uses of an advanced civiliza- 
 tion. Viewed in this light, and also as 
 presenting one of the most curious 
 specimens of a 'mixed language' which 
 philologists have had the opportunity of 
 analyzing, the Jargon seems to merit 
 a somewhat careful study." 
 
 Another View. — "The Chinook Jargon 
 was invented by the Hudson Bay Com- 
 pany traders, who were mostly French- 
 Canadians. Having to trade with the 
 numerous tribas inhnbiting the coun- 
 tries west of the Rocky Mountains, it 
 was necessary to liave a language un- 
 derstood by all. Hence, the idea of 
 composing the Chinook Jargon. Fort 
 Vancouver being the principal post, the 
 traders of the twenty-nine forts belong- 
 ing to the company, on the western 
 slope, and the Indians from every part 
 of that immense country, had to come 
 to Vancouver for the trading sea,§on. 
 They used to learn the Chinook, and 
 then teach it to others. In this manner 
 it became universally known. The two 
 first missionaries to Oregon, Rev. F. N. 
 Blanchet, V. G., and his worthy com- 
 panion. Rev. Mod. Demers, arrived from 
 Canada to Vancouver on the 24th of No- 
 vember, 1838. They had to instruct 
 numerous tribes of Indians, and the 
 wives and children of the whites, who 
 spoke only the Chinook. The two mis- 
 sionaries set to work to learn it, and in 
 a few weeks Father Demers had mas- 
 tered it, and began to preach. He com- 
 
 posed a vocabulary which was very use- 
 ful to other missionaries. He composed 
 several canticles which the Indians 
 learned and sang with taste and de- 
 light. He also translated all the Chris- 
 tian prayers in the same language. Such 
 is the origin of the Chinook Jargon, 
 which enabled the two first missionaries 
 in the country to do a great deal of 
 good among the Indians and half- 
 breeds." — Rev. L. N. St. Onge. 
 
 Jnd^e SwEUi's Opinion: "This Jargon 
 is composed of Chinook, French and 
 English languages, and is supposed by 
 many to have been formed by the Hud- 
 son Bay Company for trading purposes. 
 Such, however, is not the fact. There 
 have been constant additions to the Jar- 
 gon since the advent of the Hudson Bay 
 Company, for many of the words now 
 in general use in this language are of 
 French and English origin, but I think 
 that, among the Coast Indians in par- 
 ticular, the Indian part of the language 
 has been in use for years. The first 
 mention I have seen made of this Jar- 
 gon is in Meare's voyages in 1788, where 
 in giving an account of a chief named 
 Callicum, who hurt his leg while climb- 
 ing on board ship, and then sucked the 
 blood from the wound, Meares states 
 he "licked his lips, and, patting his 
 belly, exclaimed, cloosli, cloosh, or good, 
 good." 
 
 ClooBh, or klose, or close, are all the 
 same, and mean good. The different 
 manner in which words are spelled is 
 no evidence of a difference of meaning, 
 for no two writers of Indian words 
 fully agree as to the proper method of 
 spelling. (Xloshe is spelled in the fol- 
 lowing ways: Close, Closche, Cloncli, 
 klosclie, klose, Iclosli, kloosh, tloos, tlosli, 
 tloBli, etc. — Editor). Still later than 
 this, in 1803, Jewett, in his narrative 
 of the ship Boston, at Nootka, gives a 
 vocabulary of the words in common 
 use among the Nootkans. ■• * "It is 
 a language confined wholly, I believe, 
 to our Northwestern possessions west 
 of the Rocky Mountains. It originated 
 in the roving, trading spirit of the 
 tribes, and has been added to and in- 
 creased since the introduction of the 
 whites among them." — The Northwest 
 Coast. 
 ABBBEVIATIOirS AND EXFI^ANA- 
 TOBT NOTES. 
 
 Adj. Adjective. "The adjective pre- 
 cedes the noun, as in English and Chi- 
 nook; as, lasway bakatschum, silk hand- 
 kerchief; mesalicliie tiliknm, bad peo- 
 ple." — Hale. 
 
 Adv. Adverb. "The adverb usually 
 precedes the adjective or verb which it 
 qualifies, though it may sometimes fol- 
 low the latter." — Hale. 
 
XII 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Belbella. Bellabella. "The popular 
 name of an important Kwakiutl tribe 
 living on Milbanlc Sd., Brit. Col. The 
 language spoken by this tribe Is a 
 peculiar dialect of Kwakiutl, called 
 Heiltsuk from the native name of the 
 Bellabella. When voyagers first began 
 frequenting the N. Pacific Coast Mil- 
 bank Id, was often visited, and its in- 
 habitants were therefore among the first 
 to be modified by European contact." — 
 Hodge. See Olallie. 
 
 (C.) Cliiiiookau family of languages. 
 In 1841 the number of Chinook words 
 in the Jargon numbered 111; in 1863, 
 221; in 1894, 198, the number given in 
 this dictionary. The letters C.» E., P., 
 N. and S. refer to the derivation of 
 words, and signify Cbiaook, Eng'lish, 
 French, Nootka, and Salish. See Chinook. 
 
 (C. 8e E.) Chinook and Engllsli. The 
 letters C. & E. refer to the derivation of 
 the word. 
 
 (Can. Fr.) Canadian French. The 
 Canadian voyag'eurB, as they are called, 
 were more closely in contact with the 
 Indians than any others of the foreign- 
 ers, from 1810 to 1855. See, bread, flour, 
 overcoat, hat, axe, pipe, mill, table, box, 
 head, mouth, tongue, teeth, neck, hand, 
 foot, run, sing, dance, etc. When the 
 Hudson's Bay Company removed from 
 Oregon and Washington these Canadians 
 also largely left, so ?l large share of 
 these words of French origin have been 
 dropped. 
 
 Cathlajnet. A Chinookan tribe form- 
 erly residing on the south bank of Co- 
 lumbia river, near its mouth, in Oregon. 
 They adjoined the Clatsop. As a dialect, 
 Cathlamet was spoken by a number of 
 Chinookan tribes on both sides of the 
 Columbia, extending up the river as far 
 as Rainier. It is regarded as belonging 
 to the upper Chinook division of the 
 family. — Hodge. See, Skwls-kwis. 
 
 Chihalis. ChehaliB. A collective name 
 for several Salishan tribes on Chehalis 
 river and its affluents, and on Grays 
 Harbor, Wash. By many writers fhey 
 are divided into Upper Chehalis, dwell- 
 ing above Satsop river, and the Lower 
 Chehalis, from that point down. This 
 dictionary gives 36 words of Chehalis 
 origin. See Elip, moosum, etc, 
 
 Chinook (from Tsinuk, their Chehalis 
 name). The Chinook were first de- 
 scribed by Lewis and Clark in 1805, 
 though they had been known to traders 
 for at least 12 years previously. From 
 their proximity to Astoria and their in- 
 timate relations with the early traders, 
 the Chinook soon became well known, 
 and their language formed the basis for 
 the widely spread Chinook Jargon. 
 Linguistically they were divided into 
 two groups: (1) Lower Chinook, com- 
 prising two slightly different dialects. 
 
 the Chinook proper, and the Clatsop; 
 (2) Upper Chinook, which included all 
 the rest of the tribes, though with nu- 
 merous slight dialectic differences. The 
 dialects of the Lower Chinook are now 
 practically extinct. Upper Chinook is 
 still spoken by considerable numbers. 
 See Cathlamet, Clatsop, Wasco. 
 
 Chippeway. Chippewa. One of the 
 largest tribes north of Mexico, whose 
 range was formerly along both shores 
 of Lake Huron and L. Superior, extend- 
 ing across Minnesota to Turtle Mts., N. 
 Dakota. See Tatoosh. 
 
 Clallam. A Salish tribe living on the 
 south side of Puget Sound, Wash., form- 
 erly extending from Port Discovery to 
 Hoko river, being bounded at each end 
 by the Cliimakum and Makah. Subse- 
 quently they occupied Chimakum terri- 
 tory and established a village at Port 
 Townsend. — Hodge. See Tolnks. 
 
 Clatsop. A Chinookan tribe. The 
 Clatsop is merely a dialect of the Chi- 
 nook. The language is now practically 
 extinct. 
 
 ClayooLuot. A Nootka tribe living on 
 Meares Id., and Torfino inlet; Clayoquot 
 Sd., Vancouver Id. See Cbako, kokshut, 
 kiimtnks. 
 
 ConJ. Conjunction. "Only two con- 
 junctions, properly speaking, are found 
 in the language, pe and spose." — Hale. 
 
 Cree. An important Algonquian tribe 
 of British America. The Cree are close- 
 ly related, linguistically and otherwise, 
 to the Chippewa. They were friendly 
 from their first intercourse with the 
 English and the French and the Hud- 
 son Bay Co. See lOitass, moosmoos, 
 siskiyoo. 
 
 Ez. Example. 
 
 (E.) English. "The words of English 
 origin numbered in 1841, 41; In 1863, 
 67, and- in 1904, 570. Many words of 
 French and Indian origin have been 
 dropped. The English words are used 
 both by Indians and whites when they 
 talk Chinook, and so have become a part 
 of the language." — Eells. 
 
 (P.) French. In 1841. 34 words of 
 French origin were in use, in 1863, 94 
 words, and in 1894, 153 words. For 
 words of French origin see letter Ii. 
 About thirty words are in use now. and 
 these will soon be dropped, as they are 
 seldom used, except by the old folks. 
 
 Interj. Interjection. Of these there 
 are sixteen words and two phrases. 
 
 (J) Jarg'on. Words marked J are con- 
 sidered to be the peculiar property of 
 the Jargon, as having been formed 
 either in imitation of sounds or by some 
 casual invention, — Hale, Seee Onoma. 
 
 Kalapnya. Ealapooian Family. A 
 group of tribes formerly occupying the 
 valley of Willamette river, N, W, Ore- 
 gon, and speaking a distinct stock Ian- 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 XIII 
 
 guagre. 
 
 Klaokwat. See Cla7oq.not. 
 Kllkatat. Klikltat. A Shahaptian 
 tribe whose former seat was at the head 
 waters of the Cowlitz, Lewis, White 
 Salmon, and Klickitat rivers, north of 
 Columbia river, in Klickitat and Skama- 
 nia counties. Wash. Their eastern neigh- 
 bors were the Yakima, who speak a 
 closely related language, and on the 
 west they were met by various Salishan 
 and Chinookan tribes. They were en- 
 terprising traders, widely known as in- 
 termediaries between the Coast tribes 
 and those living east of the Cascade 
 range. The Topenish are probably their 
 nearest relatives. — Hodge. See Moos- 
 moos, ITawitka, Hoolhool. 
 
 Iiuminl. A Salish tribe on and inland 
 from Bellingham Bay, N. W. Wash. 
 The Lummi are now under the jurisdic- 
 tion of the Tulalip school superintend- 
 ent, Washington. See Xullag'lian. 
 
 Makali. The southernmost tribe of 
 the Wakashan stock, the only one within 
 the United States. They belong to the 
 Nootka branch. By treaty of Neah Bay, 
 Wash., Jan. 31, 1855, the Makah ceded 
 all their lands at the mouth of the 
 Strait of Juan.de Fuoa except the im- 
 mediate area including Cape Flattery. 
 The Ozette reservation was established 
 by order of April 12, 1893. — Hodge. See 
 Kloslie, Mahkook. 
 
 n. Noiiu. "There are far more nouns 
 in the language than there are words 
 in any other part of speech or even in 
 all the other parts combined." — Bells. 
 
 (W.) The letter IT. refers to the deri- 
 vation of the word, and signifies Nootka. 
 Nootkas, the conventional generic name 
 of all the tribes in Vancouver and oppo- 
 site coast, many of whom speak totally 
 different languages. — Keane. 
 
 (N. Sc E.) The letters N. & E. refer 
 to the derivation of the word, and sig- 
 nify Nootka and English. 
 
 ITisg,naIl7. "A Puget Sound (Colum- 
 bian) nation, with many sub-tribes 
 whose names end mostly in mlsli, and 
 will thus be recognized without requir- 
 ing to be indexed. — Keane. 
 
 Nlttinat. The Tokwaht, Nittinat and 
 Makah quoted in the dictionary are 
 dialects of the Nootka. (Ahts.) The 
 generic name of most of the tribes on 
 the west coast of Vancouver Island. All 
 speak dialects of the same language. 
 See klatawa, mahkook, mowitsh, peshak, 
 wawa, winaple. 
 
 Onoma. Onomatopoeia. Eight or ten 
 words were made by what grammarians 
 term onomatopoeia — that is, were 
 formed by a rude attempt to imitate 
 sound, and are therefore the sole and 
 original property of the Jargon. Con- 
 sidering Its mode of formation, one is 
 rather surprised that the number of 
 
 these words is not greater. — Hale. See 
 llplip, tlnttn, poo, tlktik, tumtvun, tum- 
 wata, mahsli, klak, etc. 
 
 prep. FrepoBltlon. There are nine 
 words and three phrases which are used 
 as prepositions. The principal words 
 are kopa sag'lialle, over; keekwulee, un- 
 der; and kunamokst, with; kopa Is, how- 
 ever, used more than all the others, as 
 it has a great variety of meanings, 
 which can only be known by the con- 
 nection, some of which are entirely op- 
 posite to each other. 
 
 pron. f Tonoun. The pronouns are ten 
 in number in the words and seven in 
 the phrases, nearly all the latter being 
 formed by the addition of self to the 
 personal pronouns, as mika self, etc. 
 
 Quaere u. d. Unknown or of unde- 
 termined derivation. Unmarked words 
 are of doubtful origin. 
 
 (S.) Salisli. "Salishan tribes held the 
 entire northwestern part of Washington, 
 including the whole of the Puget Sound 
 region, except only the Macaw territory 
 about Cape Flattery, and two insignifi- 
 cant spots, one near Port Townsend, 
 the other on the Pacific coast to the 
 south of Cape Flattery, which were 
 occupied by Chimakuan tribes. — ^Pilling. 
 
 Tokwaht, Merely a dialect of the 
 Nootka. 
 
 Twaua. A Puget Sound tribe, former- 
 ly Twana, but later known as Skoko- 
 mish; west side Hood's Canal to the 
 Olympics, from Skokomish river on the 
 south to Quilcene, near Port Townsend, 
 on the north. 
 
 V. Verb. Verbs come third in num- 
 ber in the words, being exceeded by 
 nouns and adjectives, and second in 
 phrases, and second in both combined. 
 The word mamook placed before vari- 
 ous other words forms 209 of these 
 phrases. 
 
 Wasco. A Sahaptin (Columbia) tribe, 
 between the Rocky Mountains and the 
 John Day river. 
 
 Yakama. The Yakima and Kliliitat 
 are dialects of one of the Sahaptin lan- 
 guages. 
 
 BIBIiIOGRAFHICAI^ ITOTES. 
 
 Allen.. Ten Years in Oregon. Ithaca, 
 1848; 1850; Thrilling adventures, N. Y. 
 1859. 
 
 Armstronsr. Oregon. Chicago, 1857. 
 
 Bancroft. The Native Races, vol. 3, 
 pp. 556-567-631-635. S. F., 1882. 
 
 Blanchet. Dictionary. McCormick, 
 Portland, 1856; 1862; 1868; 1873; 1878; 
 1879. 
 
 Boas. Chinook Jargon Songs. In Jl. 
 Am. Folk-lore, vol. 1, 18S8. 
 
 Boldnc. Mission de la Colombie. Que- 
 bec, 1843. 
 
 Buchanan. Elementary lessons in the 
 Chinook Jargon as used by the Indians 
 
XIV 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 of Puget Sound. (Mss.) Tulalip, 1900. 
 
 Cbamljerlam. Words of Algonkian or- 
 igin in the Chinook Jargon, in Science, 
 vol. 18, 1891. 
 
 Ctaarency. Review of Horatio Hale's 
 "International Idiom," in Le Huseon, vol. 
 10, 1891. 
 
 Cloug'li. On the existence of mixed 
 languages. London, 1876. 
 
 CoolE. A voyage to the Pacific Oceon, 
 vol. 2, lip. 335-336; vol. 3, pp. 540-546. 
 London, 1785. 
 
 Coomes. Dictionary. Seattle, 1891. 
 
 Cox. Adventures on the Columbia Riv- 
 er, vol. 2, p. 134. London, 1831. The Co- 
 lumbia River. London, 1833 (2 vols). 
 Adventures on the Columbia River. N. 
 Y., 1832. 
 
 Crane. The Chinook Jargon; a review 
 of Hale, in Brighton (England) Herald, 
 no. 4883, p. 4, July 12, 1890. 
 
 Seiners. Deflnitio Dogmatis Immac- 
 ulatae Conceptionis Beatissimae. (The 
 Dogma is first given in latin, followed by 
 the translation into the Chinook Jargon.) 
 Typis Joannis Mariae Shea, Neo Ebora- 
 censis, 1860. , 
 
 Demers, Blanchet, and St. Onge. Dic- 
 tionary, Catechism, Prayers' and Hymns. 
 Montreal, 1871. 
 
 Dictionary of Indian Tongues . . 
 Tsimpsean, Hydah, and Chinook Jar- 
 gon. Victoria, 1862; 1865. 
 
 Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon. 
 (For the most part a reprint, with omis- 
 sions, of Gibbs-Pilling). Victoria, 1871; 
 1877; 1883; 1887; 1889, etc., to 1908. 
 
 Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon. 
 Olympia, 1873. 
 
 Dunn. History of the Oregon Terri- 
 tory. London, 1844; 1846. 
 
 Durieu. Bible History . . translat- 
 ed into the Chinook Jargon. Benziger, 
 N. T., Cincinnati, Chicago, and Kam- 
 loops, B. C, 1893. 
 
 Bells. Manuscript Dictionary of the 
 Chinook Jargon, 5 vols, folio. Note from 
 Eells' Introduction: "A number of dic- 
 tionaries have been published in the 
 Chinook Jargon language, and it may 
 seem superfluous to write another; still 
 thus far all of them are small and are 
 based on the language as it was forty or 
 fifty years ago. Gibbs' Dictionary was 
 for many years by far the best, and is 
 yet in many respects, as it gives the ori- 
 gin of nearly all the words and much 
 other valuable information, but it was 
 written nearly forty years ago. I have 
 used it very much in preparing this 
 work. Hale's Trade Language of Ore- 
 gon or Chinook Jargon is recent and is 
 excellent, especially in its Introductory 
 part; far better than any which preceded 
 it, but that excellent man and scholar 
 has labored under the disadvantage of 
 not having mingled much with those 
 who have used the language for 
 about fifty years, and so has been un- 
 
 able to note a great share of the changes 
 which have taken place. The dictiona- 
 ries of Gill, Hibben, Tate, Lowman and 
 Hanford and Good are all small; are in 
 as condensed form as possible, being in- 
 tended for pocket use for travellers, 
 traders and learners, and in this way 
 have done good work for what they were 
 intended. The two latter, however, only 
 have the Chinook English part. The 
 dictionary of Durieu is very meager, 
 while that of Demers and St. Onge is 
 out of print, and both are intended rath- 
 er more for use by the Catholics than 
 by the public." . . . "Having used it 
 (Jargon) for eighteen years, having 
 talked in it, sung in it, prayed and 
 preached in it, translated considerable 
 into it, and thought in it, I thought I 
 knew a little about the language, but 
 when I began to write this dictionary I 
 found that there was very much which 
 I did not know about it, but which I 
 wished to know in order to make this 
 dictionary as perfect as it should be. 
 This is especially so in regard to the 
 pronunciation of words which are not 
 used on Puget Sound, the introduction of 
 new words, and the marking of those 
 which are obsolete. In preparing these 
 pages, I have tried to note the follow- 
 ing items, — the different ways of spell- 
 ing each word with the authority for 
 each, the proper pronunciation, the ori- 
 gin, part of speech, meaning, the place 
 where it is used, if used at all, a sen- 
 tence or more to show the use of a large 
 share of the words, and the phrases 
 which are derived from a combination 
 of words, which answer to a single 'word 
 in English." — Skokomish, Union City, 
 March, 1893. 
 
 Eells. How Languages Grow, in Ad- 
 vance, March 25, and July 8, 1875, — re- 
 lates wholly to the Chinook Jargon. Chi- 
 cago, 1875. Hymns in the Chinook Jar- 
 gon, Portland, 1878; 1889. The Chinook 
 Jargon, in the Seattle Weekly Post-In- 
 telligencer, vol. 1, no. 52, p. 4, column 8, 
 Seattle, September 29, 1882. History of 
 Indian Missions, Philadelphia, 1882. Ten 
 Tears of Missionary Work. Boston, 1886. 
 The Twana, Chemakum, and Klallam In- 
 dians, in Smithsonian Institution, Annual 
 Rept. of the Board of Regents for 1887, 
 part 1, pp. 605-681. Washington, 1889. 
 Aboriginal geographic names In the state 
 of Washington, in American Anthropol- 
 ogist, vol. 5, pp. 27-35. Washington, 1892. 
 
 Gallatin. Hale's Indians of N. W. 
 America, in American Ethnological Soc. 
 Trans., vol 2. N. T., 1848. 
 
 Oatscbet. Indian languages of the 
 Pacific states and territories, in Maga- 
 zine of American Hist., vol. 1, pp. 145- 
 171. N. Y., 1877. 
 
 GiblJS. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- 
 lections (161). A Dictionary of the Chi- 
 nook Jargon. Washington, 1863. N. T., 
 
AND HOW TO USB IT. 
 
 XV 
 
 Cramoisy press, 1863. 
 
 am. Dictionary, (ninth edition), Port- 
 land, 1882; 1884; 1887; 1889; 1891. 
 
 Good. Dictionary. Victoria, 1880. 
 
 Qreeu. Extracts from the report of an 
 exploring tour on the N. W. coast of 
 America in 1829. in the missionary Her- 
 ald, vol. 26, pp. 343-345. Boston, 1830. 
 
 Haines. The American Indian. Chi- 
 cago, 1888. 
 
 Hale. United States exploring expedi- 
 tion, vol. 6, Philadelphia, 1846. An In- 
 ternational Idiom. London, 1890. 
 
 Hazlitt. British Columbia and Van- 
 couver Island. London, 1858. The Great 
 Gold Fields of Cariboo. London, 1862, 
 
 Jewltt. A narrative of the adventures 
 and sufferings of John R. Jewitt, — (writ- 
 ten by Roland Alsop). Middletown, 1815. 
 Second edition, 1815. N. Y., 1816; Mid- 
 dletown, 1816; Middletown, 1820; Edin- 
 burgh, 1824; Ithaca, 1849. 1851. The 
 Captive of Nootka, by Peter Parley, 
 Philadelphia, 1861; 1869, and various oth- 
 er editions. 
 
 Latham. The natural history of the 
 varieties of man, London, 1850. 
 
 lee and Prost. Ten years in Oregon, 
 N. Y., 1844. 
 
 leJeune. Practical Chinook Jargon 
 vocabulary, Kamloops, 1886, 1892. Kam- 
 loops Wawa, a periodical in the Chinook 
 Jargon, 1891, etc. Chinook Primer, — 
 Chinook and Shorthand, 1892. 
 
 lelaud. The Chinook Jargon, in St. 
 James Gazette, vol. 17, no. 2529, p. 6, 
 London, July 13, 1888. An International 
 Idiom, a review of Hale, in the Saturday 
 Review, vol. 30, no. 1822, pp. 377-378, 
 London, Sept. 27, 1890. 
 
 Uonnet. Vocabulary, Washington, 
 1853. 
 
 Macdonald. British Columbia and Van- 
 couver's Island, London, 1862. 
 
 ISacfie. Vancouver Id. and B. C, Lon- 
 don, 1865. 
 
 Macleod. History of the Devotion to 
 the Blessed Virgin Mary in America, New 
 York, 1866. 
 
 Montg'onieTie and De Horsey. A Few 
 Words collected from the languages 
 spoken by the Indians in the neighbor- 
 hood of the Columbia River and Puget's 
 Sound, London, 1848. 
 
 ' n'icoll. The Chinook language or Jar- 
 gon, in Popular Science Monthly, vol. 35, 
 pp. 257-261, N. Y., 1889. 
 
 IToxris. The Calumet of the Coteau, 
 Philadelphia, 1883. 
 
 Palmer, journal of Travels over the 
 Rocky Mountains, Cincinnati, 1847; 1850; 
 1851; 1852. 
 
 Parker. Journal of an exploring tour 
 beyond the Rocky Mountains . . in 
 the years 1835-'37, Ithaca, 1838; 1840; 
 1842; 1844; Auburn, 1846. 
 
 Phillips. Totem Tales, Chicago, sev- 
 eral editions. 
 
 Pilling'. Bibliography of the Chinook- 
 
 an Languages, including the Chinook 
 Jargon, Washington, 1893. Bibliography 
 of the Salishan Languages, Washington, 
 1893. Bibliography of the Wakashan 
 Languages, Washington, 1894. 
 
 Proscli. Dictionary of the Chinook, 
 Seattle, 1888. 
 
 Reade. Chinook versus. Greek, in 
 Montreal Gazette, vol. 119, no. 239, p. 4, 
 October 6, 1890. 
 
 Ross. Adventures of the First Settlers 
 on the Oregon or Columbia River, Lon- 
 don, 1849. 
 
 Scboolcraft. Indian Tribes of the 
 United States, vol. 5, pp. 548-551, Phila- 
 delphia, 1851-1857; Philadelphia, 1884, 2 
 vols. 
 
 Sconler. Observations on the Indigen- 
 ous tribes of the N. W. coast of Amer- 
 ica, in Royal Geog. Soc. of London, Jour, 
 vol 11, pp. 215-251, London, 1841. On 
 the Indian Tribes Inhabiting the North- 
 west Coast of America, In Edinburgh 
 New Philosophical Jour., vol. 41, pp. 168- 
 192, Edinburgh, 1846. Reprinted in the 
 Ethnological Soc. of London Jour., vol. 
 1, pp. 228-252, Edinburgh, n. d. 
 
 Sproat. Scenes and Studies of Savage 
 Life, London, 1868. 
 
 Stuart. Montana as it is. New York, 
 1865. 
 
 Swan. The Northwest Coast; or. Three 
 Years' Residence In Washington Terri- 
 tory, New York, 1857; London, 1857. 
 
 Tate. Chinook, as spoken by the In- 
 dians of Washington Territory, British 
 Columbia and Alaska, Victoria, 1889. 
 
 Tylor. Primitive Cnlture, London, 
 1871; Boston, 1874; New York, 1874; 1877. 
 
 'Western Volapuk. A review of Hale, 
 in the Critic, vol. 14, pp. 201-202, N. Y., 
 1890. 
 
 'Wilson. Prehistoric Man, vol. 2, pp. 
 429-432, London, 1862; London, 1865, pp. 
 586-588; London, 1876, vol. 2, pp. 334-338. 
 
 'Winthrop. The Canoe and the Sad- 
 dle, adventures among the northwestern 
 rivers and forests; and Isthmania, Bos- 
 ton, 1863 (various editions). 
 NOTES FROM G-IBBS' DICTIONARV. 
 
 "Parker's Journal," pp. 336-388, "Vo- 
 cabulary of the Chenook Language, as 
 spoken about Fort Vancouver. 
 
 Hale's Ethnography and Phlloloe'y of 
 the United States ExpVoxiag Expedition, 
 pp. 636-650. A vocabulary of the "Jar- 
 gon or Trade Language of Oregon," with 
 an essay thereon, and phrases. A par- 
 tial reprint of the above, in Transactions 
 of the American Ethnological Society, 2 
 vols., N. Y., 1845-1848. In vol. 2, pp. 62-70. 
 — under title of "Hale's Indians of 
 North West America." 
 
 Boldnc's "Mission de la Columbie." 
 The Lord's Prayer In Jargon, "et quel- 
 ques mots Tchinoucs et Sneomus." The 
 Snohomish is a tribe of Puget Sound. 
 The Chinook words are merely Jargon. 
 
 Palmer's Journal, pp. 147-152. "Words 
 
XVI 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 used In the Chinook Jargon." 
 
 Ross. Adventures of the First Set- 
 tlers on the Oregon or Columbia River. 
 Boss gives a "Chinook Vocabulary," pp. 
 342-348, and words of the "mixed dia- 
 lect," p. 349. His Chinook is, however, 
 also impure. 
 
 lee and Prost. "A short vocabulary 
 of the, Clatsop dialect." This is likewise 
 Jargon. 
 
 Schoolcraft. History, &c., of the In- 
 dian Tribes of the U. S. Lieut. G. F. 
 Emmons gives a brief "Klatsop Vocabu- 
 lary," In Part 3, pp. 223-224, which is of 
 the same character. Note 1, to article, 
 "Philosophy of Utterance," Part 5, pp. 
 548-551, a "vocabulary of the Chinook 
 Jargon." 
 
 Hounet. Vocabulary. Printed by the 
 Smithsonian Institution, for private dis- 
 tribution. 
 
 Swan. N. W. Coast, pp. 412-422. "A 
 vocabulary of the Chehalis and Chenook 
 or Jargon Languages, with the deriva- 
 tion of the words used in the latter." 
 
 Winthrop. The Canoe and the Saddle, 
 pp. 299-302. "A partial vocabulary of the 
 Chinook Jargon." 
 
 Sunn. History of the Oregon Terri- 
 tory. "A few specimens of the language 
 of the Millbank and Chinook tribes." 
 Chinook tribe; 50 words and phrases, in- 
 cluding digits. These words, as usual, 
 are in great part "Jargon," and belong to 
 the Nootkan, not to the Chinook." 
 NOTES FROM EEI^XiS' MANTTSCBIFT 
 DICTIONABV. 
 
 Farker "gives 103 words and phrases." 
 
 St. Onge "gives 787 Chinook words and 
 phrases with no English-Chinook part." 
 
 lee and ITost. "In the appendix are 
 50 words which the authors say are in 
 the Clatsop dialect, but which Gibbs says 
 are in the Jargon. I think some are 
 Clatsop, but some are undoubtedly Jar- 
 gon." 
 
 Dviun. "Thirty Chinook Jargon words 
 and expressions." 
 
 Swan. "In the appendix is quite a full 
 vocabulary, — 327 words. Judge Swan 
 lived on Shoalwater Bay, Wash., near 
 the Chehalis and Chinook Indians, and he 
 gives quite a number of words which 
 are given by no other writer, which he 
 says are of Chehalis origin. Gibbs re- 
 jects many of these, because he thinks 
 that Swan imperceptibly used them as 
 Chinook Jargon, but that they did not 
 properly belong to the language, but to 
 the Chehalis. I have inserted them as 
 being a part of the Jargon of that region 
 at that time, as certainly many English 
 words now In use on Puget Sound are a 
 part of the Jargon of this time and place. 
 
 The environment always affects the Ian- 
 
 Gibbs. "This was by far the best dic- 
 tionary at that time and will ever re- 
 main a standard authority on the lan- 
 guage of that time. In the Chinook- 
 English Part are 490 words, and in the 
 English-Chinook, 792." 
 
 Wtnthrop. "Two hundred and sixty- 
 one Chinook words. There is no Eng- 
 lish-Chinook part. 
 
 Hlbben. "The author's name is not 
 given, but it is believed to be Lionnet. 
 It gives very nearly the same words as 
 Gibbs in both parts." 
 
 Good. "It has no Chinook-English 
 part. In the English-Chinook he gives 
 825 words." 
 
 Durien. "431 Chinook Jargon words. 
 No English-Chinook part." 
 
 Tate. "It follows Gibbs very closely." 
 
 Hale. "473 Chinook Jargon words; 634 
 in the English-Chinook part." 
 
 GiU. "This with Its predecessors has 
 been the standard for Oregon for over 
 thirty years. It was first published by 
 S. J. McCormick, and its latest reviser 
 is ^ev. W. C. Chatten. In the Chinook- 
 English part are 560 words, and in the 
 English-Chinook, 1378." 
 
 Ooomes. [L. & H.] "It follows Gill 
 very closely in its Chinook-English part 
 and has no English Chinook part." 
 
 Boas. "Gives a short vocabulary of 75 
 words in the Journal of American Polk 
 Lore, pp. 225-226, obtained at Victoria, 
 B. C, and 24 words, obtained at Shoal- 
 water Bay, Wash. — in Science, March 4, 
 1892, p. 129. A few words are also given 
 by authority of Dr. W. C. McKay, late 
 of Pendleton, Oregon." 
 
 "A comparison of these dictionaries 
 shows Gibbs to be the most scientific and 
 thorough in all things except the spell- 
 ing. Hibben and Tate agree with it very 
 closely. Hale is a little more independ- 
 ent, but gives the best grammar and lit- 
 erature of all. Gill's is the fullest, and 
 is still more independent. Lowman and 
 Hanford's (Coomes) is almost exactly 
 like the Chinook-English part of Gill's. 
 
 St. Onge's is entirely independent of 
 all the others, and the most scientific in 
 the spelling: Durieu's is meagre, but 
 more nearly like St. Onge's than any oth- 
 er in regard to spelling. Good's is the 
 most modern, omitting many obsolete 
 words, and introducing many new ones, 
 but his spelling is at fault, as he often 
 spells the same words in different ways, 
 even three or four ways. The rest of the 
 dictionaries are local and small, but valu- 
 able because gathered so early." 
 
THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 A LEXICON 
 
 A 
 
 Alm'-kut-tle, or Ah'n-kut-te, adv. (C) 
 (Chinook.-ankuttl.) Pormerly; before 
 now; Ions' ago; ajiclently; o^o. (With 
 the accent prolonged on the first 
 syllable, a very long time ago; an- 
 ciently. The longer the first syllable Is 
 held, the longer the time expressed.) 
 Example: Hyas anlilcuttle, — a very long 
 time ago. Tenas alinkuttde, — a little 
 while ago. Kunjlli laly almkuttie? — 
 how long ago? Talitlum sun ahnkuttie, 
 — ten days ago. (Slah ahnkuttie, — very 
 ancient, — lit., far ago. A great deal is 
 expressed by the mere stress of the 
 voice; liyas — dwelling long on the last 
 syllable — means exceedingly great; 
 byak, very quick; liiyu, a great many; 
 temas, very small, &c.) Delate ahnkut- 
 tie, — very long ago. "In Chinook the 
 verb is absolutely inflexible, it never 
 changes its form for mood, tense or any- 
 thing else; these are always indicated 
 by the agglutination of a word indicat- 
 ing the mood, tense, etc. The idea of 
 tense is most simple and rudimentary, 
 that is, past, present and future; alm- 
 kuttie, altai alil." — Buchanan. 
 
 Note — "A Chinook word is elastic and 
 expresses a broad and general idea rath- 
 er than one altogether specific, hence the 
 extreme elasticity of the Chinook Jar- 
 gon. Specific ideas must be expressed by 
 qualifiers or modifiers added to the word, 
 as will be readily seen in practice. Each 
 word is a tool whose general uses and 
 whose specific uses must be mastered be- 
 fore successful work can be done or sat- 
 isfactory progress be made." — Buch- 
 
 anan. Ex.: Auhkuttle mama, — a grand- 
 mother. Almkuttie papa, — a grandfa- 
 ther; an ancestor; forefather; progen- 
 itor. Almkuttie tilliknms, — ancestors; 
 ancient people. Almkuttie tUUkums 
 klaska wawa, — traditions. Almkuttie 
 laly, — long ago. 
 
 "Time: Present, Past and Future. In 
 indicating time in the Chinook jargon 
 the verb does not change its form at all; 
 it is absolutely infiexible as far as 
 change of the word form is concerned, 
 and the idea of time is added tey adding 
 a word to indicate that — thus alki (by 
 and by), after awhile, in the future) to 
 indicate future time; ahncutty (in the 
 past, some time ago, a long time ago, 
 once upon a time) -to indicate past time; 
 and alta (now) to indicate present time 
 where it is important to emphasize the 
 fact that present time and only pres- 
 ent time is indicated. Ordinarily if the 
 time is omitted or not specified it is un- 
 derstood to be present time, naturally. 
 Intensity of meaning or duration of time 
 may also be indicated by prolongation 
 of the sounding of a word, thus: laly 
 (time) — la-a-a-aly (a long time). This 
 is based upon an instinctive principle 
 common to all tongues, Just as we in 
 English phonetically indicate prolonga- 
 tion of time or extension in space or In- 
 tensity of feeling by means of the into- 
 nation. So we say 'a long time' and 'a 
 lo-o-o-o-ng time." — Buchanan. 
 
 Note — "A thorongrli knowledge of a few 
 dozen words will give one sufficient ma- 
 terial with which, after actual practice, 
 to carry on ordinary conversations. In 
 practice the sentences are built up by 
 agglutination or association of words, 
 just as a child builds houses and various 
 other wonderful structures from its 
 blocks. In so doing there is always a 
 
 Note. The letters (C)., (E)., (P)., 
 
 (N). and (S). refer to the derivation of 
 words, and signify Chinook, Ensrlish, 
 French, Nootka, and Salish. Words 
 marked (J) are considered to be the pe- 
 culiar property of the Jargon, as hav- 
 ing been formed either in imitation of 
 sounds or by some casual invention. 
 Words marked (Quaere u. d.) are of 
 
 doubtful or undetermined origin. The 
 cognates follow in parenthesis, as, (C). 
 (Cliinook,-ankutti). A pronouncing vo- 
 cabulary immediately follows the list 
 of useful words. A supplemental vocab- 
 ulary of archaic or unusual words comes 
 next. Then follows the English-Chinook 
 part. (See Explanatory pQtes,} 
 
THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 very wide sphere for the exercise of in- 
 genuity on the part of the speal^er, and 
 upon this, in- a measure, depends the 
 slcill with which he may handle Chinook 
 and convey his thoughts therein. The 
 Jargon is essentially a spoken and not a 
 written tongue — it is very mucli alive. 
 Spelling'. There are no hard and fast 
 rules for the spelling of words, and ev- 
 eryone in writing Chinook follows the 
 dictates of his own judgment in the 
 fabrication of phonetic equivalents, 
 which are at best only approximations." 
 — Buchanan. 
 
 "It may not at first be easy to com- 
 prehend how a language composed of so 
 few words, thus inartificially combined, 
 can be extensively used as the sole me- 
 dium of communication among many 
 thousand individuals. . . But it 
 
 is in the faculty of combining and com- 
 pounding its simple vocables — a power 
 which it doubtless derives, in some de- 
 gree, from its connection with thp In- 
 dian tongues — that the jargon has its 
 capacity for expression almost indefi- 
 nitely extended. Three or four hundred 
 words may be learned without difficulty 
 in a week or two, and a very short time 
 will make the learner familiar with 
 their ordinary use and construction. He 
 will then have no difficulty in under- 
 standing the numerous compounds 
 which, if they had been simple words, 
 would have cost him much additional la- 
 bour." — Hale. 
 
 Al'-kl, adv. (C). (diinook, alekh). In 
 tlie future; by -and by; after a wliile; 
 soon; presently; directly; in a little 
 wliile; hold on; not so fast. "The sign 
 of the future tense, shall or will. The 
 days of the week, and the number of 
 weeks, months and years are also used 
 to designate the tenses." — Eells. Ex.: 
 Nika kumtuks, — I understand. Nika 
 kumtuks alta, — I understand .now. Nika 
 knmtuks alinkuttie, — I understood; I 
 understood some time ago. 
 
 mka kumtuks alki, — I will under- 
 stand; I will understand by and by; I 
 will understand after a while. This 
 indicates the manner of indicating 
 tense, that is, indicating time. " — Bu- 
 chanan." September 25, 1851. While 
 looking around Low and Terry con- 
 cluded to locate a townsite, and with 
 that view made a joint location on Alki 
 Point. The Terrys being New Yorkers, 
 first named the place New York, but 
 afterwards changed it to Alki which all 
 old settlers know signifies "by and by." 
 "before long". — A. A. Denny. Tenas 
 alki, — in a little while. Alki nika klata- 
 ■wa, — I will go presently. Iskum doUa, 
 alH nay, — to borrow. 
 
 Alki nesika klatawa kopa nika boat, — 
 soon we will go in my boat. 
 
 "In general the tense of the verb is 
 left to be inferred from the context. 
 
 When it is absolutely necessary to dis- 
 tinguish time, certain adverbs are em- 
 ployed: as cbee, alta, alki, alinknttie, 
 okoke-sun, tomolla, taUkie, ikt tablkie." 
 — Hale. 
 
 Al'-ta, or Al'tah, adv. (C). (Cliinook, 
 altakh). ITow, at tbe present time. Ex.: 
 Alta yaka cliako, — now he comes. Nika 
 skookum alta, — I am strong now, wake 
 alta, — not now. 
 
 AtB, n. (C). (Cliinook,-ats. Takima,- 
 atse). A sister; a yonug-er sister. In 
 the original, only when used by her 
 brother. Ex.: EMp ats, — an older sis 
 ter. Ats yaka man, — a brother-in-law. 
 Mama, or papa yaka ats, an aunt, (see 
 kahpho). "Sister is used on Puget 
 Sound. Sister yaka tenas klootclunan, 
 — a niece." — Boas. (The word Ats is 
 becoming obsolete.) 
 
 B 
 
 Boat, n. (Ene'lisb, idem). A boat, as 
 distinsrulslied from a cajioe; a skiff. 
 KEx.: Kopa boat, — aboard. Klabanie 
 kopa boat, — overboard. 
 
 Book, n. (Eng'lisli,-idem). A book; 
 volume; pocketbook. Example: Sagba- 
 lie Tyee yaka book, — The Bible. (Lit- 
 erally, — God, his book). Tenas book, — 
 a pamphlet. Book yaka mamook kum- 
 tuks nesika kopa illabee, — a geography. 
 Book yaka mamook kumtuks nesika 
 kopa kwunnnm, — an arithmetic. Book 
 yaka mamook kumtuks nesika kopa la- 
 lang', — a grammar. Book yaka mamook 
 kumtuks nesika kopa nesika, — a phy- 
 siology. Book ya£a mamook kumtuks 
 nesika kopa stone, — a geology. 
 
 Bos'-ton, n., adj. An American; Amer- 
 ican. A name derived from the hailing- 
 place of the first trading ships to the 
 Pacific. Example: .Boston illataie, — the 
 United States. Slika knmtuks Boston 
 wawa? — do you understand English? 
 Boston pile, — protestantism. Sitkum- 
 slwash-sitkum-Boston, — a half-breed. 
 
 By-by, adv. (E). By-and-by; after a 
 while; sometime hence. It means a 
 longer time in the future than alki, but 
 like that is used for shall or will as a 
 sign of future time. With the accent 
 on the first syllable, prolonged, it means 
 a very long time hence. 
 
 c 
 
 Ca-nim, n. (C). (Chluook.-Ekanim). 
 A canoe. .Ex.: Canim stick, — the cedar 
 or wood from which canoes are usually 
 made. Klatawa kopa canim, — to em- 
 bark. 
 
AND HOW TO USB IT. 
 
 Ca-po', 11. (E). (Freaioli,-Capot). A 
 coat. 
 
 Cha'-ko, cbali'-ko, or clialico, v. (N). 
 Nootka, cIayog.not, — chako ; Tokwaht, — 
 tchokwa). To come; to approacli; to be 
 or become. "In this latter sense it 
 forms tlie passive voice in connection 
 witli many otlier words. Often it is 
 Joined with adjectives and nouns, and 
 forms other verbs. Yaka chako paht- 
 liun, he is drunlc; nika chako keekwulee, 
 — I am degraded; yaka chako stone, — it 
 is petrified. Perliaps mbre properly the 
 word in this connection to become, than 
 to be, at least it is often so, as in the 
 latter example the meaning would also 
 be, — to become stone; chako rotten, — is 
 to become rotten. Occasionally too the 
 passive voice is shown by placing the 
 word iskum before the main word, as, 
 yaka iskum kow, — he is arrested." — 
 Eells. Ex.: Nlka chako kopa Foteland, 
 — I came from Portland. Klosbe mlka 
 hyak chako, — good you come quick. 
 Chuck chako, — the tide is rising — (liter- 
 ally, is coming). Chuck chako pe klata- 
 wa, — the tirles. ^ Halo chako, — to linger. 
 Wake k\in]ih yaka chako halo, — Indel- 
 lible, — (literally, — never will it become 
 gone). Chako Boston, — to become an 
 American; often said of Indians who are 
 becoming civilized like white people. 
 Chako delate, — to become right, true, or 
 good. Chairo delate till, — to become ex- 
 hausted. Chako hyas turn turn, — to be- 
 come proud. Chako hnloima, — to vnry; 
 to become different. Chako kah nika 
 nanltch, — to appear. ChaJco kloshe tum- 
 tum, — to love; to reform; to become 
 friendly; to get a good heart. Chako 
 kloshe, — to get well; to become good. 
 Chako kunamokst, — to congregate; as- 
 semble; convene; meet; unite; Join. 
 Chako mlmolouse, — ^to die; to become 
 rotten; to become decayed (as potatoes 
 or vegetables). Chako pahtlum, — to be- 
 come drunk. Chako skookum, — to be- 
 come strong, esnecially after a sickness, 
 to show complete recovery. Chako sol- 
 leks. — to become an^ry; to quarre-l. 
 Chako pelton, — to become foolish; to be 
 cheated. Chako waum tumtum, — to be 
 earnest; to become excited. Chako 
 youtl tumtum, — to become glad; to be 
 glad. Chako polaklie, — to become dark; 
 night is coming. Chako oleman, — to be- 
 come old. Chako halo, — to be destroyed; 
 to disappear; to vanish; to be all gone. 
 Chako elip hlyn, — to exceed. Chako 
 kuY^amokst nika. — come with me. 
 
 Chee, adv., adj. (C). (Chlnook,-t'shi). 
 Irately; just now; new; fresh; orierinal; 
 recent. Example: Chee nika ko, — I 
 have Just arrived. Hyas chee, — entirely 
 new, very new. Chee chako, — a new 
 comer; Just arrived. Delate chee, — en- 
 tirely new. Klootchman yaka chee ma- 
 lieh, — a bride. 
 
 Chlk'-a-min, n., adj. (N). (Tokwaht,- 
 
 tslkamen;N'ootka, — sickaminny (Jewitt) ; 
 seekemalle, — (Cook). Iron; metal; met- 
 allic; steel; money; cash; mineral. Ex- 
 ample: T'kope chikamin, (white metal), 
 silver. Pil chikamin, or chikamin pU 
 (yellow metal), — gold or copper. Chika- 
 min lope, — wire; a chain. ITika hyas 
 tikegfh chikamin, — I very much wish 
 money. lUahee kah chikamin mitlite, — 
 mines. 
 
 Chik'-cbik, (Tsik'-tsik, or Tchik'- 
 tchlk), n. (J). By onoma. A wa?on; 
 a cart; a wheel; any wheeled vehicle. 
 Example: Tsiktsik -wayhut, — a wagon- 
 road. Nika chako kopa chikchik, — I 
 came in a wagon. Piah chlkcliik, — rail- 
 road cars. Kolo kopa chikchik, — to haul 
 in a wagon. 
 
 Chinook — •(Chinook Indians). These 
 Indians formerly lived near the mouth 
 of the Columbia river, where the Chi- 
 nook Jargon language was mainly de- 
 veloped in its formative period, and 
 hence more words were adopted into it 
 from that language than any other In- 
 dian language, and so its name was 
 given to the language. Properly speak- 
 ing the Chinook language means the old 
 Chinook, and the Chinook Jargon the 
 language described in this dictionary; 
 but the old Chinook is about obsolete, 
 and for the save of brevity, Chinook 
 wawa means in common conversation 
 the Chinook Jargon, while the proper 
 language of the Chinook tribe is called 
 the Old Chinook. The Chinook land and 
 Chinook Indians have, however, refer- 
 ence to the tribe as it formerly existed. 
 — Eells. 
 
 Chinook wind. The Chinook is always 
 a strong, steady southerly wind, never 
 from any other point of the compass, 
 unless it be slightly southwesterly. It 
 is distinctly npculiar to the Northwest 
 Pacific coast and its s.ource is far out in 
 the nasty storm center of the Pacific 
 ocean, emanating from the famed Japan 
 current, which is the source of the re- 
 markable humidity of the North Pacific 
 coast. 
 
 Chinook canim, — the large canoe used 
 on Puget Sound. Chinook illahee, — the 
 land of the Chinook Indians. Chinook 
 tlllikums, — the Chinook Indians. Chi- 
 nook wawa, — the Chirook language. Ex- 
 ample: Mika kumtuz Chinook wawa? Do 
 you understand the Chinook language? 
 
 Chitsh, n. (S). (Chehalis,-tshitsh). A 
 prrandmother. (Gibbs, Gill, Hibben, St. 
 Onge and Swan, give chope for grand- 
 father; but Hale and Tate give the 
 meaning as grandfather and chope as 
 grandmother. Eells says "I never heard 
 either word used on Puget Sound." Eells 
 gives the following: Ex.: Grandmother, 
 — mama yaka mam.a; grandmama; nitz. 
 Papa yaka wapa, — grandfather. Tenas 
 yaka tenas klootchman, — granddaughter. 
 Tenas yaka tenas man, — grandson. Te- 
 
THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 nas yaka tenas, — grandchild. 
 
 Chope, n. (S). (Clillialis,-tshup). A 
 grandfatlier. (Hale says, a grand- 
 mother). See chitsh, 
 
 Cliack, n. (W). (ITootka.-Chauk (Cook); 
 Chahak, — fresh water ( Jewitt) ; CMnook,- 
 Tltsuk (Shortess); Clatsopj-Tl'chukw). 
 Water; a river or stream. Example: 
 Salt chuck, — the sea; skookum chuck, — ■ 
 (powerful water), — a rapid; solleks 
 chuck, — a rough sea; chuck chahko or 
 kallpl, — the tide rises or falls; saghall 
 and keekwlllie chuck, — high and low 
 tide. Kah mltute chuck? — where is the 
 water? Muchamnck chuck, — to drink 
 water. Olo kopa chuck, — thirsty. 
 
 Cly, or kely, v. (B). To cry, lament j 
 mournmg', weeping'. Ex.: Cly tumtum, 
 — to cry in the heart; to feel sorry; to 
 repent; to mourn; to be full of grief or 
 emotion; "more deep in feeling than sick 
 tumtum." — Eells. 
 
 Cole, adj. (E). Cold; a year. Ex.: 
 Hyas cole, — very cold; freezing. Cole 
 illahee, — winter. Cole snass, — hail; snow. 
 Cole chuck, — ice; cold water. Cole sick, 
 — ague; a cold. Cole sick-waum sick, — 
 fever and ague. Ikt cole, — a year. Taht- 
 lum cole, — ten years. Ikt tnkamonuk 
 cole, — a century. Kah cole chako, — 
 north. Kah delate cole mitlite, — Arctic. 
 
 Coo'-ley, V. (E). (French, Courez, Imp. 
 of Courir). To run; go ahout; play; 
 walk; travel. Example: Cooley kiua- 
 tan, — a race-horse; yahka hyas kumtuka 
 cooley, — he can, i. e., knows how to run 
 well. Cultus cooley, — to saunter; ram- 
 ble; stroll. Hyak cooley, — to run; canter; 
 go fast. Kopet cooley, — to halt; to stop. 
 Mamook cooley kopa huloimai lalang*, — 
 1. e. — to make go in another language; 
 to interpret. 
 
 Co'-sho, n. (F). (French,-cochon), A 
 hog'; pork; pis'; swine; ham; bacon. Ex- 
 ample: Siwash cosho, — a seal; literally, 
 — Indian pig. Dly cosho, — bacon; ham. 
 KloochnLan cosho, — a sow. Tenas cosho, 
 — a pig. Cosho glease, — lard. Cosho itl- 
 willie, — pork. 
 
 Court, n. (E). A court. Ex.: Haul 
 kopa court, — to try in court. Hya,s court, 
 — supreme court. IVCamook court, — to 
 hold court. Tzum man kopa court, — 
 the clerk of the court. Tyee kopa court, 
 — a judge. liOlo kopa hyas court, — to 
 appeal. VTawa kopa court, — to testify; 
 testimony. 
 
 Cul'-tus, or Kul'tus, adj. (C.) (Chi- 
 nook.-Kaltas). vrorthless; erood for 
 nothiner; without purpose; abject, bar- 
 ren; bad; common; careless; defective; 
 dissolute; filthy; foul; futile; rude; im- 
 material; impertinent; impolite; no mat- 
 ter; shabby; slippery; unmeaningf; unto- 
 ward; useless; paltry; worn out. "A few 
 words," says Eells, "are very expressive, 
 meaning so much, and expressing that 
 meaning in so much better a way than 
 our English words do that they have 
 
 often been adopted into English in the 
 region where the Chinook is used. Of 
 these may be mentioned cultus, — good 
 for nothing, with also twenty-three other 
 meanings. Klosbe, with its forty-two 
 meanings; Kloshe nanitch, with its 
 eighteen meanings; TamaOmous, sorcery, 
 yet referring as a noun, adjective and 
 verb, to anything supernatural, or in 
 the spirit world between Satan on the 
 one hand and G-od on the other: Tumtum, 
 mind, with its fifteen meanings; and 
 wawa, talk, with its sixty-five mean- 
 ings." Example: Cultus man, — a 
 worthless fellow. Cultus potlatch, — a 
 present or free gift; a benefaction. 
 Cultes heehee, — a jest; merely laughing. 
 Cultus nannitsh, — to look around. Cultus 
 mitlite, — to sit idle; to do nothing. Cul- 
 tus klatawa, — to stroll. Cultus eena, — a 
 muskrat. Ques. What do you want? 
 Ans. Cultus, i. e., nothing. Cultus kopa 
 mika, — none of your business; nothing 
 to you. Cultus kopa uika, — I do not 
 care; nothing to me. Cultus potlatch 
 tumtum, — to give advice; to advise; to 
 counsel. Cultus wawa, — a joke> a jest; 
 nonsense; rumor; tattle; report. Delate 
 cultus, — no manner of use. "Cultus, — 
 idle, aimless, worthless; also bad, in the 
 sense of having no value, that Is being 
 useless." — Buchanan. 
 
 D 
 
 Se-laite', or Se-lett, adj., adv. (F). 
 (Prench,-droite). Straig'ht; direct; with- 
 out eciuivocation ; true; truly, exactly; 
 correct; exact; g-ennlne; iust; plain; pre- 
 cise; really; thoroug'h; sincerely; surely; 
 sincere; sure; accurate; verily; un- 
 doubted; authentic; certain; definite; 
 definitely; erect; v«ry; correctly. Ex- 
 ample: Klatawa delate, — go straight 
 Delate wawa, — tell the truth; a fact: 
 promise; true talk. Delate kwinnum 
 cole ahnkuttie, — just five years ago. De- 
 late nika sick tumtum, — I am very sorry. 
 Okoke delate, — it is right. Wake delate, 
 — not exactly right; imperfect. Wawa 
 delate, — to speak the truth; to speak 
 correctly. Delate hyas, — stupendous; 
 immense; enormous. Delate hyas kloshe, 
 — magnificent; majestic; very,, very 
 good. Delate kloshe, — perfect: pure, ex- 
 quisite; very good. Delate knmtuks, — 
 sure; to prove: to know certainly. De- 
 late pahtl, — brimfull; chockfull. Delate 
 sick tum turn, — grief; very sad. Delate 
 tenas sun, — dawn: daybreak. Delate 
 yaka illahee, — a native; native land. De- 
 late yaka kumtnks, — an expert. Delate 
 nika wuwa, — I am speaking the truth. 
 
 Diaub, Deaub, Dahblo, or 'STaub, — (the 
 devil) see I^ejanb. 
 
 D'ly, or De-ly, ad. (E). Dry; arid; 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 diyuess. Example: Chahko dely, — to 
 become dry. Mamook dely, — to dry. • Dly 
 tupso, — hay. 
 
 Doo'-tiu, n. (E). A doctor; a physi- 
 cian; surgeon. Eells says, "It almost 
 universally refers to a white man, un- 
 less some word is connected with it to 
 qualify it." Example: Nilia tikegli doc- 
 tln, — I want the doctor. Slwash doctln, 
 — an Indian doctor or conjurer. Soctin 
 kopa letali or teeth, — a dentist. Soctin 
 kopa seabost, — an oculist. 
 
 Sol' -la, or Tahla, n. (E). A dollar; 
 money; cash; funds. Example: Chlka- 
 mln dolla, — silver; pil doUa, — gold; slt- 
 knm dolla, — half a dollar. Sella seahost, 
 (silver eyes), — spectacles. .Klone dolla, 
 — three dollars. Halo nika dolla, — I have 
 no money. Ipsoot potlatch dolla kopa 
 tyee, — to bribe. Eiyu dolla, — rich. Kil- 
 apie doUa, — to refund. Kunjih dolla, — 
 what price. 
 
 Sutchman, n. (English,-idem). (A 
 German; a Dutchman; almost any Euro- 
 pean except a Frenchman or Englishman. 
 — Eells.) 
 
 E'-lip, or El'-ip, adv. (S). (Chehalls,- 
 llip). Pirst; before; the superlative; be- 
 ginning'; prior; ahead; senior; elder; for- 
 mer; original. "The comparative is usu- 
 ally formed by prefixing the word elip 
 to the adjective, as kloshe, good; elip 
 kloshe, better; skookum, strong; elip 
 skookum, stronger; hiyu, many; elip hi- 
 yu, more; tenas, small; elip tenas, small- 
 er. The superlative is properly formed 
 by adding the words kopa konoway, 
 'than air to the comparative, as elip 
 kloshe kopa konoway, better than all, 
 i. e., the best." — Eells. "There is no 
 such thing in Chinook as comparison by 
 inflection of a word as is the case in 
 English (weak, weaker, weakest ,for ex- 
 ample). This is done by means of the 
 words elip or kimtah to indicate the com- 
 parative degree (the word itself always 
 indicating, as in English, the positive 
 degree). Delayt added to the compara- 
 tive form converts it into the superlative 
 from. Klosh, clip klosh, delayt elip 
 klosh. Klosh, kimtah klosh. Selayt kim- 
 tah klosh." — Buchanan. "Comparison is 
 expressed by a periphrasis. 'I am 
 stronger than thou,' would be wake mika 
 skookum kahkwa nika; lit., 'thou not 
 strong as I.' The superlative is indi- 
 cated by adverbs; as hyas oleman okook 
 canim, that canoe is the oldest, lit., 'very 
 old that canoe." — Hale. (A few other 
 ways of spelling the word elip; alip; 
 ilip; ellip; ilep; Hips.) Ex.: Blip hyas,— 
 larger; greater; major. Elip hyas kopa 
 konoway, — largest; greatest. Blip hiyu. 
 
 — more; majority; excess. Blip hiyu 
 kopa konoway, — most; maximum. Elip 
 keekwilee, — lower. Blip keekwUee kopa 
 konoway, — lowest. Elip kloshe, — better; 
 superior; more excellent. Elip kloshe 
 kopa konoway, — best; supreme. Blip 
 kloshe kopa okoke, — better than that. 
 Blip sitkum. sun, — forenoon. EUp tenas, 
 — first born; minor; less; younger. Elip 
 tenas kopa konoway, — least; youngest. 
 Elip saghalie, — higher; upper. Elip sag- 
 halie kopa konoway, — highest. Blip mes- 
 achie, — worse. Elip mesachie kopa kono- 
 way, — worst. Elip siah, — farther. Elip 
 siah kopa konoway, — farthest. Elip 
 tikegh, — to prefer; rather; choose. Elip 
 wawa, — a preface; a prophecy. Mika 
 klataiwa elip, nika klmta, — you go first, I 
 (will go) afterwards." — Eells. Ex.: "Blip 
 sitkum tintin, — before half an hour. Blip 
 sitkum sun, — before noon; forenoon. 
 Kimtah, — after; behind. Kimtah klosh, 
 — worse. Kimtah skookxun, — less strong; 
 not so strong. Selayt kimtah klosh, — 
 worst. Selayt kimtah skookum, — least 
 strong. Blip tahkum tintin, — before six 
 o'clock. Kimtah tahkum tintin, — after 
 six o'clock. Tahkum tintin, — six o'clock, 
 six hours. Wake siah tahkum tintin, — 
 almost six o'clock; not far away from 
 six o'clock." — Buchanan. 
 
 En'-a-tl, enetl, eenati, or inati, adv., 
 prep. (C). (Chinook,-inatai). Across; 
 beyond; opposite to; on the other side 
 of. Ex.: ITika tikegh klatawa enati 
 kopa chuck, — I wish to go across the 
 water. Vaka mitlite enati kopa city, — 
 he lives opposite to the city. 
 
 G 
 
 Get-up, or Ket-op, v. (E). To get up; 
 rise; risen. 
 
 Glease, n. (B). Grease; fat or oil. Ex- 
 ample: Hiyu glease, — very fat; too- 
 toosh glease, — butter; glease piah, — 
 candle. See, also, Kakles. 
 
 H 
 
 Ha'h-lakl, v., adj. (C). (Chinook,-hal- 
 akl). Wide; open. Example: Mamook 
 hahlakl la pote, — open the door; chahko 
 hahlakl (as of the woods), to open out; 
 become less dense. Mamook hahlakl, — • 
 to open. 
 
 Hak'-at-shum., n. (E). A handker- 
 chief. 
 
 Ha'-lo, adj. (Quaere u. d. not Chinook). 
 ITot; none; absent; no; all gone; devoid; 
 vacant; without. Example: Ques. Halo 
 salmon mika? — have you no fish? Ans. 
 Halo, — none. Ques. Kah mika papa? — 
 
THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 where Is your father? Ans. Salo, — he 
 is out. Halo wind, — breathless; dead. 
 Halo gflease, — lean. Halo ilctahs, — poor; 
 destitute; no goods. Halo mitlite, — 
 nothing remains; empty. Halo sealiost, 
 — (no eyes), blind. Halo doUa, — without 
 money. Vaka wind cliako halo, — to die; 
 he is dead, (literally, — his wind is all 
 gone). Eells says; "Generally a more 
 sure way of speaking of death than to 
 say 'yaka mimoluse," — he is dead; be- 
 cause the latter sometimes means sus- 
 pended animation; but the former never." 
 Halo cliako, — to linger; not to come. 
 Halo delate kumtuks, — to be in doubt; to 
 be obscure. Halo iuloima, — ultimate; 
 nothing different. Halo liyas maikook, — 
 cheap; not very dear. Halo Iktas, — 
 nothing. Halo kali, — nowhere. Halo 
 kumtuks, — to misunderstand; not to 
 know. Halo uika kwass kopa yaka, (lit- 
 erally, — I am not afraid of him, — he is 
 reliable). Halo nika tikeg^li, — I don't 
 want. 
 
 ITote: (Halo) A negative. It means 
 much the same as wake. Probably prop- 
 erly wake means no, and halo all gone, 
 but on Puget Sound halo is used for 
 no, the same as wake is in Oregon and 
 other localities. Custom uses halo in 
 some combinations and wake in others, 
 and both in some. On Puget Sound, 
 wake kloshe is proper. The indefinite 
 pronouns are kiuiauioxt, — both; halo, 
 — none; konoway, — all; hlyu, — much or 
 many; tenas, — few or little; huloima, — 
 other. 
 
 Haul, V. (E). (i:ii^lish,-idem). To 
 haiQ or pull; draw; bringr; dig-; pick; 
 drag; suhtract; tow; attract; extract. 
 Used with the active verb mamook; as. 
 mamook haul. Example ; Mamook haul 
 wapato, — to dig potatoes. Mamook haul 
 tenas man kopa school, — to bring the boy 
 to school. Skookum mamook liaul, — 
 must. Mamook haul yaka tumtum, — to 
 Induce him. 
 
 Hee'-hee, or he-he, n., adj., v. (J). 
 (By onoma., hihi). I^aughter; amuse- 
 ment; to laugh; fun; a g-ame; gay; gig- 
 gle; glee; mirth; humor; humorous; 
 levity; merry; to deride; ridicule; romp; 
 sport. Commonly when used as a verb 
 it is preceded by mamook (which see 
 below) but not always. Ex.: Mamook 
 heehee, — to laugh; play; amuse; deride; 
 mock; make fun; ridicule. Kahta mika 
 heehee? — why do you laugh? Cultus 
 heehee, — a joke; jest; laughter without 
 much cause for it; an innocent game. 
 Kloshe heehee, — a good game. Heehee 
 house, — a house for amusement: a play 
 house; a dance house. Heehee lemah, — 
 to gamble. Heehee tumtum, — jolly. 
 Wake heehee, — serious. 
 
 Help, v., n. (Engllsh,-idem). As a 
 verb it is commonly preceded by ma- 
 mook, but not always. Help; aid; as- 
 sistance; relief; to help; aid; assist; re- 
 
 lieve. Ex.: Mamook help, — to aid; as- 
 sist; relieve; enable. Potlatch help, — 
 console; help; accommodate; uphold. 
 
 Hias, — great. See Hyas. Hiyu, — 
 much. See Hyiu. 
 
 Hooehooe, — seeHuyhuy. 
 
 Hool-hool, n. (C). (Chinook,-Kholkhol; 
 Klikatat.-Khoilkhoil). A mouse. (Hyas 
 hoolhool (big mouse), a rat.) (The word 
 is obsolete now.) 
 
 House, n. (E). A house; home; resi- 
 dence; building'; cottage; den. Example: 
 Mahkook house, — a store; Boston house, 
 — an American-built house, as distin- 
 guished from a lodge. Mahkook house 
 (trading house), shop. Muckamuck 
 bouse, — a restaurant; tavern; hotel. 
 Skookum house, — a prison; jail; peni- 
 tentiary. Siwash house, — a lodge; an 
 Indian house. Sail house kopa- snass, — 
 an umbrella. Papeh house, — a post 
 office. Tyee kopa papeh house, — a post- 
 master. 
 
 Hul-lel, v. (C). (Chlnook,-idem). To 
 tremble; to shake. Used with the verb 
 mamook, as, — ^Mamook hullel, it be- 
 comes active. 
 
 Hul-o'-l-ma, n., adj. (C). (Chinook,- 
 S'hulloyiba). Other; another; different; 
 difference; averse; diverse; eccentric; 
 foreign; odd; separate; strang-e; queer; 
 unusual. Example: Huloima tilikum, — 
 a different tribe or people. Hyas huloi- 
 ma, — very different; mystery. Taka la- 
 lang' huloima kopa nesika lalang-, — his 
 language is different from our language. 
 Klatawa kopa huloima illahee, — to emi- 
 grate. Kopa huloima, — alibi. Huloima 
 tumtum, — dissent; a different mind. 
 Huloima wawa, — a different language; or 
 forign language; to mispronounce. 
 
 Hnmm, n., v., adj. (J). An invented 
 word. Bad odor; a stink or smell; to 
 stink; a bad smell; scent; stench; filthy; 
 putrid; an odor. Ex.: Humm opoots, — 
 (stinking tail) — a skunk. Taka humm, 
 — it smells, bad. Kloshe humm, — a 
 pleasant smell. Hyas humm, — dirty; a 
 very bad smell. Mamook humm, — to 
 scent; to smell. 
 
 Huy-huy, n., v. (J). (Canadian 
 Prench,-Hui-hui). A hargain or ex- 
 change; to harl^r or trade. Example: 
 Huyhuy la sell, — change the saddle. 
 Huyhuy tumtixm, — to change one's 
 mind. (Mr. Anderson says this is a 
 cant word of the Canadians, signifying 
 a hasty exchange.) Its origin has been 
 suggested in oui oui, yes yes. Example: 
 Nika tikegh huyhuy kiuitan, — I wish to 
 trade horses. Mamook huyhuy, — to 
 change; to trade. (Imp., change.) (Huy- 
 huy is also spelled, — hoehoe, hoeyhoey, 
 hooehoo, hooehooe, huihui, oihoi, huehu.) 
 
 Hy-ak', adv.. also used as imperative. 
 (C). (Chlnook,-Ai-ak). Swift; fast; 
 quickly; hurry; make haste; hasten; 
 prompt; sudden; suddenly; speed; quick; 
 quickly. Ex.: Hyak yaka chako, — he 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 came quickly. Hyak diako, — Imp. come 
 quick. Halo or Wake hyak, — slow; mod- 
 erate; slowly. (Other ways of spelling 
 Hyak, — aiak; biack; hyack; hyuc; lake; 
 lyak.) 
 
 Sy-ai', adj., adv. (N). (Probably cor- 
 rupted from the following, — Hyiu.) 
 Iiarere; ^eat; very; the g'eneral term for 
 size; wide; bigr; arduous; vast; cele- 
 brated,. Example: Hyas tyee, — a great 
 chief. Hyas mahcook, — a great price; 
 dear. Hyas kloshe, — very good. Okoke 
 house yaka hyas, — that house is large. 
 Nlka hyas tikegli klatawa, — I very much 
 wish to go. Syas ahukuttie, — ancient; 
 anciently; a very long time ago; longer. 
 If a long, strong accent is placed on the 
 last syllable of hyas, and first of ahn- 
 kuttie. Hyas kloshe time, — a very good 
 time; a festival. Kunslh hyas, — how 
 large? what size? Hyas teuas, — very 
 small; very short. Hyas Sunday, — 
 Christmas; Fourth of July; Thanksglv- 
 ing-. (Other spellings: Alas; aiaz; halas; 
 hias; hlass.) 
 
 Hy-iu', or Hi-yu, ad]. (H). (Hootka,- 
 lyahish) — by Jewett. (Tokwaht.-aiya). 
 Jewett also gives hyo as the Nootka 
 word for ten. Much; m.aiiy; plenty; 
 enoug-h; abundance; plentiful; ample; a 
 pile; the sign of the plural; term of 
 quantity or multitude. Example: Hyiu 
 tilikum, — a crowd; many people. Hyiu 
 muckamuck, — plenty to eat. Tenas hyiu, 
 —several; some. Wake hyiu, — not 
 many or not much; a few; seldom. 
 Kopet hyiu, — enough. Hiyu times, — fre- 
 quently. Hiyu vrawa, — clamor; accla- 
 mation; excitement; to argue; talkative. 
 Hiyu tillikums kopa house, — an audi- 
 ence. (Other spellings: Hleu, halu, 
 hyoo, hyu, hyue, hyyu, hul ("Winthrop, 
 — probably misprint for hlu), alo, alu, 
 etc.) 
 
 Ik-poo'-ie, V. (C). (Chinook.-Ikhpui). 
 To shut; close; stop; cork; closed shut. 
 Ex.: Ikpoole la i)ote, — shut the door. 
 Blamook ikpoole, — to surround; to shut; 
 Ikpooie ktyolan, — deaf; a closed ear. 
 
 Ikt, or leht, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Ikht). 
 One; once; a unit. Used also as the in- 
 definite article, a or an. Ex.: Ikt man, — 
 a man. Ikt-lkt man, — some one or other: 
 here and there one. Ikt cole, — a year. 
 Ikt nlka klatawa kopa yahka house, — 
 I have been once to his house. Ikt 
 kwahta, — a quarter. Ikt tahlkle, — day 
 before yesterday. Ikt tukamonnk, — one 
 hundred. Ikt time Ikt moon, — monthly. 
 Ikt time kopa klone moon, — quarterly. 
 Kopet Ikt, — private; alone; singly; soli- 
 tary; only one. 
 
 Ik'-tah, or Ikta, pron. (C). (Ohlnook,- 
 
 Ikta). (Hale says, "same as kahta, 
 what; why.) What. "The interrogative 
 pronouns are klaska, — who? Kahta or 
 Iktah, — what? and Kunsih, — how many 
 or how much? The latter is also used 
 for when? — i. e., how much time, how 
 many days?" — Hale. Example: Iktah 
 okook? — What is that? Iktah mika tl- 
 keg-h? — What do you want? Iktah? — 
 Well, what now? Iktah mamook? — 
 What's the matter? Iktah mika ma- 
 mook? — ^What are you doing? 
 
 Ik'-tas, or Iktahs, n. (from preceding). 
 •Thiags; garments; dress; a thing; g'oods; 
 merchandise; clothing; utensils; bag- 
 g'ag'e; attire; fabric; occasionally the 
 singular Iktah is used, though not often. 
 The use of the same word for what and 
 for things, has been noticed in some 
 other languages of this coast. "A very 
 expressive word and often adopted into 
 English where the Chinook is used." — 
 Eells. Ex.: Kah mika Iktas, — where are 
 your things? Halo Ikta mitlite, — there 
 is nothing here. "Do not confuse Iktah, 
 meaning 'what,' with Iktahs, meaning 
 'goods,- chattels, possessions, merchan- 
 dise,' etc." — Buchanan. Nika hiyu iktas, 
 — I have plenty of goods. 
 
 ir-la-hee, lUihie, or Illahe, n. (C). 
 (Chinook, -ilahekh). i;and; country; 
 earth; soil; dirt; region; district; farm; 
 field; clay; shore; ranch. Example: 
 Okoke illahee yaka hyas kloshe, — this 
 land is very good. Boston illahee, — the 
 United States. Delate yaka illahee, — na- 
 tive land. King George illahee, — Eng- 
 land. Pasalooks Illahee, — France. Kono- 
 way akoke illahee, — the world. Kono- 
 way illahee konowah kah, — the universe. 
 Dutchman yaka illahee, — Germany; near- 
 ly any part of Europe except Prance 
 and England. Sag-halie Tyee yaka Illa- 
 hee, — Heaven. Siwash illahee, — an In- 
 dian reservation. Illahee wake siah 
 kopa chuck, — the coast. Kah mika illa- 
 hee? — where is your land? Where do 
 you live? Saghalie illahee, — Heaven. 
 Keekwulee illahee, — Hell. 
 
 In'-a-poo, or Ee'-ua-poo, n. (C). (Chl- 
 nook,-inapu). A louse. (Sopen inapoo, 
 — jump-louse; a flea.) 
 
 Inatl, — see Enatl. 
 
 Ip'-soot, or Ip-But, V. (C.) (CMnook,- 
 Alhupso). To hide one's self, or any- 
 thing'; to keep secret; to conceal; hide; 
 hid; sly; concealed. Example: Ipsoot 
 klatawa, — to steal off; slip away. Ip- 
 soot wawa, — to whisper. 
 
 Is'-ick, n. (C). Chlnook,-Isik.) A 
 paddle; an oar (occasionally). Exam- 
 ple: aiamopk islck, — to paddle. Islck 
 stick, — the aeh, or alder, maple, or the 
 elm; wood from which paddles are made. 
 
 Is'-kum, V. (C). Chinook,-idem. ) To 
 take hold of; hold; g-et; receive; accept; 
 secure; catch; recover; obtain; seize. 
 Example: Iskum okook lope, — hold on 
 
THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 to that rope. Mika na iskam? — did you 
 get it? Iskiun piali sticic, — get some 
 firewood. Iskiun klootclutian, — to get 
 married. Isknm kumtnks, — to learn. 
 Iskum. kopa tiuutum, — to believe. Pot- 
 latch nlka, — give me. Iskum, — take it. 
 Kah mika iskum? — where did you get it? 
 Wlka iskum kopa stick, — I got it in the 
 woods. 
 
 It'-lo-kum, n. (C). (Chinook.-idem ) . 
 (I^ower ChelialisSi-Ihtlkum; Cliebalis,- 
 Setlokum). The g-ame of "hand," — a, 
 comm.011 am.usement; a mode of iram- 
 bllng'. Mamook itlokmu, — to gamble. 
 
 Itl'-wil-Iie, Ilwillie, or Itlwille, n. (C). 
 (Chinook, -Etlwili). Heat; flesh; muscle 
 (of a person or animal). Example: 
 Konaway uika itlwillie sick, — all my 
 flesh is sore. I^emooto yaka itlwillie, — 
 mutton. Moosmoos yaka itlwillie, — beef. 
 Mowitch yaka itlwillie, — venison. Tenas 
 moosmoos yaka itlwillie, — veal. . (Bee- 
 ahts (Indian); Bih-atts, — flesh) — Bu- 
 chanan. 
 
 Its'-woot, Itch-wood, or Itshoot, n. 
 (C). (Chinook,-eitshhut). A hear; a 
 black hear. Bxample: Itswoot paseesie, 
 • — thick, dark cloth or blankets. 
 
 K 
 
 Kah, adv. (C). (Chlnook,-kakh). 
 Where; whence; whither. Example: Kah 
 mika klatawa? — where are you going? 
 Halo kah, — nowhere. IConoway kah, — 
 everywhere. Kah cole chako, — North. 
 Kah sun chako, — Cast. Kah sun klata- 
 wa, — West. Kah sun mitlite kopa sit- 
 kum sun, — South. Kah yaka sick? — 
 where is he sick? what is the matter? 
 Kah mika mitlite? — where do you live? 
 Kah mika illahee? — where do you live? 
 where is your land? Kah mika chako, — 
 whence come you? 
 
 Kah'-kwa, adj. (»). (Nootka, Tok 
 wahtj-achko. ) I^lke; similar to; ecinal 
 with; as; so; thus; alike; because; hence; 
 inasmuch; such. Example: Kahkwa 
 nika tumtum, — so I think (literally, such 
 (is) my heart). Kahkwa tyee, — aristo- 
 cratic. Kahkwa hyas nika, — as large as 
 I. Halo kahkwa, — not like that; unlike. 
 Kahkwa spose, — as if. Kloshe kahkwa, 
 — that is right; (amen, good so); that 
 is good; that will do. Delate kahkwa, — 
 exactly the same. Kopet kahkwa, — that 
 is all. Yaka kahkwa, — alike. Eells says: 
 "(Kahkwa is often used with other 
 words, especially nouns, thus changing 
 them into adverbs, and occasionally ad- 
 jectives, as in the following phrases: 
 Kahkwa chlkamin, — metallic. Kahkwa 
 cole illahee, — wintry. Kahkwa chuck, — 
 fluid; liquid. Kahkwa tUlikum, — friend- 
 ly.)" 
 
 Kahp'-ho n. (C). (Clnook,-idem.) An 
 elder brother, sister, ox cousin. 
 
 Kah'-ta, adv. (C). Chinook,-Kata) . 
 How; why. Bxample: Kahta mika 
 mamook okook? — why do you do that? 
 Kahta mika chahko? — how did you come? 
 Kahta mika? — what is the matter with 
 you? how are you? Pe kahta? — and 
 why so? what for? Kahta kopa yaka? — 
 how is he? 
 
 Ka-li'-tan, n. (C). Chinook,-Tklaitan). 
 an arrow; shot; a bullet. Example: 
 Kalitan le sac, — a quiver; a shot-pouch. 
 "An arrow, originally, but when guns 
 were introduced the meaning changed to 
 shot, and bullet, and sometimes lead." — 
 Eells. 
 
 Ka-lak'-a-la, Kul-lak'-a-la, Kul'-la-knl'- 
 la, n. (C). (Chinook,-kalakala)- A bird; 
 fowl; insect; winif. (The accent some- 
 times being on the second, and some- 
 times on the flrst and third syllables. — 
 
 Eells. Note "The different ways in 
 
 which some words are spelled is a 
 curiosity, and simply show what educat- 
 ed men will do in this line when they 
 have no standard authority. Very sel- 
 dom is any word, even the simplest and 
 easy one, spelled in the same way, if it 
 is found in several dictionaries, while 
 some of them are spelled in very many 
 different ways."^ — Eells. Other ways of 
 spelling- kalakala: Culacula; kallakala; 
 kalahkalah; kilakila; knlaknla; kulluka- 
 la; cullacnlla; cullercnller; cullacnllah; 
 kullaknllie; kullnkuUie; kulakulla, etc. 
 An examination of many dictionaries 
 will show among other words, — klonas, 
 spelled in ten different ways; ahnknttie 
 and keewulee, each in twelve; klootch- 
 man and kliminawhlt, each in fifteen; 
 klatawa, seahost, and mimolnse, each in 
 sixteen; tahtlnm, kalakala, and kilapi, 
 each in eighteen; and kunjih in nineteen 
 different ways; lejaub is in twelve ways, 
 and ooakut in fourteen, but they show 
 a wide variety of sound, lejaub being 
 also dahblo, diaub, derb, lelom, and 
 yaub; and ooakut being hooihut, wayhut, 
 wehkut, and oyhut. Even words which 
 are derived from the English generally 
 have different spellings as soon as the 
 standard English authority is left, so 
 that g-lease from grease becomes g'leese, 
 fleece, g-lis, and klls; bed is also spelled 
 pet; moon is also mnn; nose is also nos; 
 stone is also ston; stocking' is also stock- 
 en, staken, and stoken; sun is also son; 
 Sunday is also sante; tea is also tl; 
 pehpah (paper) is also papeh, paper, 
 paypa, papah, and pepa, and peppah; 
 and wamx also is spelled waum, warn, 
 wahm, and wawm. Shot, skin, man, and 
 a few others have for almost a wonder 
 found no other way of being spelled. 
 There are three reasons for this differ- 
 ence which may be made when the same 
 sound of the letters is preserved, thus 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 warn may be waum or wawnx and still 
 preserve the same sound of a. Again, 
 when any writer adopts a regular sched- 
 ule of sounds for each vowel, he will 
 surely differ in spelling from those who 
 attempt to follow as near as possible 
 the English mode of spelling. Boas, 
 St. Onge, and to a considerable degree 
 Durien have done this, hence tea be- 
 comes ti; pooUe, pnll, and so on. Still 
 farther different modes of pronunciation 
 in different localities, and sometimes in 
 the same locality, are the cause of dif- 
 ferent ways of spelling. Thig is espe- 
 cially seen in the words already referred 
 to, ooalcut, and lejanli; so kloshe becomes 
 tlnsli or tloos, and also a large number 
 beginning with kl begin with tl in an- 
 other place; tahUcle becomes talmlkie, 
 and so on. Sometimes indeed it is very 
 difficult to discover the true sound, as 
 for instance, whether the first syllable 
 of kalakala should be spelled with an 
 a or u, or the last one of tukamonuk 
 with an a or u, and so on. The mode of 
 pronunciation, and hence the mode of 
 spelling, has undoubtedly changed some- 
 what since Parker in 1835-6 wrote the 
 first vocabulary. Hence in comparing 
 the ways of spelling the reader ought to 
 remember the place where, the date 
 when, and the system of pronunciation, 
 especially of vowel sounds adopted by 
 each writer." — Sells. 
 
 "As will be seen, the orthography of the 
 Jargon is unsettled and capricious. Most 
 writers spell Indian and French words 
 'by the ear,' but use the ordinary English 
 spelling for the English words comprised 
 In the language, without regard to uni- 
 formity. .. .Some writers, however, re- 
 tain In the Jargon the 'digraph' frli) to 
 express, in some words of Chinook ori- 
 gin, the sound of the German guttural ch 
 in Bucli." — Hale. "As the Jargon is to 
 be spoken by Englishmen and French- 
 men, and by Indians of at least a dozen 
 tribes, so -as to be alike easy and intel- 
 ligible to all, it must admit no sound 
 which cannot be readily pronounced by 
 all. The numerous harsh Indian gut- 
 turals either disappear entirely, or are 
 softened to h and k, (see note above). 
 On the other hand, the a, f, g, r, v, z, 
 of the English and French become in 
 the mouth of a Chinook, t, p, k, 1, w, and 
 8. The English ], (dzh), is changed to 
 ch, (tsh). The French nasal n, is drop- 
 ped, or is retained without its nasal 
 sound. In writing the Indian words, 
 the gutturals are expressed by ffh (or 
 kh) and q, and the vowels have their 
 Italian sound." — Hale. 
 
 Kam'-ass, or ^a'-kam-ass, n. (Vf), Tlie 
 Scilla Escnienta, — a bulbous root used 
 for food by the Indians, sometimes called 
 Siwash onion. (Jewitt gives 'Chamass" 
 as the Nootka for fruit, also for sweet, 
 or pleasant to the taste.) (lacamass is 
 
 the name of a place in Clarke County, 
 Wash.) (A few other ways of spelling 
 kamass: .Camas, kamas, lakamaa, lak- 
 ammas, camaslif kaxnaas, lackaxnas. 
 "Cammassa esculenta, or la cammass, 
 (as the French call it)." — Swan. 
 
 Ka'm-ooks, n. <C). (Cliiuook,-Klka- 
 bokes). A (Log. Kalikwa kamooks, — like 
 a dog; beastly. 
 
 Kap-swal-la, or Kap-su-al-la, v. n. 
 (Quaere u. d.) To steal; rob; a theft. 
 £zaiiiple: Kapswalla klatawa, — to steal 
 away. Kapswalla iaam.ook, — to do se- 
 cretly. Wake kloshe mlka kapswalla, — 
 (not good you steal) Thou shalt not 
 steal. Halo ktuntuks kapswalla, or wake 
 kapswalla, — to be honest. "Eapshwala, 
 before wawa means to speak ill; with 
 tlatoa (klatawa) it means to run away; 
 with ULUsom, to commit adultery." — St. 
 Onge. 
 
 Ka't-suk, or Ko't-suk, n. (C). (CM- 
 nooki-idem). The middle or centre of 
 anything'. 
 
 Xau'-P7, n. (E). Coffee. 
 
 Kee'-kwu-lee, or Kee'-kwil-lie, prep. 
 (C). (Chiuook,-Kik'hwili). Iiow; below; 
 under; beneath; down; inward. Example: 
 Mamook keekwillle, — to lower. Uitlite 
 keekwillie, — to set down; put under. (Not 
 used in the sense of "down stream.") 
 Blip keekwulee, — lower. Ellp keekwulee 
 kopa konoway, — lowest. Klatawa keek- 
 wulee kopa chuck, — to dive- Mahsh keek- 
 wulee kopa illahee, — to bury. 
 
 Kil'-a-pi, or Kel'-a-pl, or Ka-Ia-pi, v. 
 (O). (Chinook,-Kelapai). To turn; re- 
 turn; overturn; upset; reverse; retreat; 
 capsize. Example: Kilapi canim, — to 
 upset a canoe. Hyak kilapi, — come back 
 quickly. Kilapi kopa house, — go back 
 to the house. Mika kilapi alta, — have 
 you returned now? Mamook kilapi, — to 
 bring, send, or carry back. Kilapi dolla, 
 — to pay; repay. Kilapi tumtum, — to 
 change one's mind. (A few ways of 
 spelling kilapi: Kelapie; keelapi; keela- 
 pie; keelapy; kilaple; kilapai; killapie; 
 kllapy; kilipie; killlpie; kyelapal; kilaps; 
 klips; etc.) 
 
 Kim'-ta, or Kim-tah, prep. (C). (Chi- 
 nook, -Kimta). Behind; after; after- 
 wards; last; since; hack; rear; subse- 
 quent; young'er. Example: Klatawa 
 kimtali, — go behind; to follow. Delate 
 kimta, — last. Nlka elip, pe yakka kim- 
 tah, — I first, and he afterwards. Okook 
 kimtah, — the one behind. Kimta ow, — a 
 younger brother. Kimtah nika nannitsh 
 mika, — since I saw you. Kimtah sitkum 
 sun, — afternoon. Kimta kloshe, — worse. 
 
 King- Chautsh, or King Gteorge, Kins' 
 Qawge, adj. (E). (Eng'lish.-King George). 
 Eng-lish. Kins chautshman, — an Eng- 
 lishman. 
 
 Kish-kish, v. (C). (Chinook,-idem). To 
 drive, as cattle or horses. Ex.: Mamook 
 kishkish, — to drive, or impel, but often 
 used as Imperitive, — as, -JTaka kishkish 
 
10 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 nllca, — he drove me away. lOaiuook IciBli- 
 kisli okoke moosmoos, — drive away that 
 ox. 
 
 Kiu'-a-tan, or Ktiltan, n. (C). (Clilnook, 
 -ikiuatan). A horse. Ex.: Klatawa 
 kopa kuitan, — to ride. Yaka hyas kloslie 
 kuitan? — Is that a very good horse? 
 Cooley kuitan, — a race horse. Stone kui- 
 tan, — a stallion. 
 
 Klah, adj., v. (C). (Clitnook,-Klakh). 
 Pree or clear from; in eig'ht; to escape. 
 Example: Chee yakka klab, — now he is 
 in sight. Klatawa klah, — to escape, as 
 a prisoner. Chahko klah (of seed), — to 
 come up; (of the woods), — to open out; 
 (of the weather), — to clear up. Mamook 
 klah, — to uncover. (Mr. Anderson gives 
 as the original meaning, — to open out or 
 appear.) 
 
 Xla'-ha-nie, or Klali-hanie, or Klasfh- 
 anie, adv. (C). (Chinook,-Klakhani). Out 
 of doors; out; without; outside; exterior. 
 Example: Mamook klahanie okook, — put 
 that out. Chako klahanie, — to emerge; 
 get out; to be delivered. Klatawa kla- 
 hanie, — to go out. Mahsh klahanie, — to 
 throw out; deliver; eject. Klahanie kopa 
 house, — out doors. 
 
 Kla-ho'w-ya, adv. (C). The ordinary 
 salutation at meetingr or parting. How 
 do you do? good evening; good day; 
 good morning; good-bye; as, Klahowya 
 Sikhs, — good day, friend. Kahta mika, — 
 how are you? Kah mika house? — where 
 is your house? Kah mika chako? — 
 whence come you? Kah mika klatawa? 
 — where are going? Mika na kumtuks 
 alki snass? — do you think it will rain? 
 Halo< — no. ITawitka, — yes. Klahowya, — 
 good-bye. Mahsie, — thanks. 
 
 Kla-ho'w-yum, adj., n. (C). (Chinook,- 
 Klahauia). Poor; miserahle; wretched; 
 compannion; distress. Example: Hyas 
 klahowyum. nika, — I am very poor. Ma- 
 mook klahowyum, — to take pity on; give 
 alms; be generous. Also to impoverish; 
 make poor, (the sense in which it is 
 used depends on tlie connection and cir- 
 cumstances). "The salutation above giv- 
 en probably originated in some whining 
 reply to the first whites, and a distinc- 
 tion has since arisen between tlie two 
 modes of spelling, which is, however, 
 purely arbitrary." — Gibbs. Eells says: 
 "Gibbs, Gill, Hibben, Tate, and Swan give 
 Klahowoya as the word for salutation, 
 and Klahowyum for poor, but I have 
 never been able to see any difference In 
 the Willamette Valley in 1S50 and after- 
 wards, we always used Klahowyum for 
 both, and I never heard Klahowya. On 
 Puget Sound for about twenty years we 
 have used Klahowya for both; and I 
 have seldom heard Klahowyum." (A few 
 other ways of spelling Klahowya and 
 Klahowyum: Clahoyma; klahaiyam; kla- 
 haiiam; klahowyah; klahowyou; klah- 
 ya; klahyam; klahyeam; klahyeyah; 
 thlacoca; tlaquaya; klahum; klahiyon, — 
 
 and so on in many other ways.) 
 
 Klah-wa, adv. (C). (Chinook.-kla- 
 wakh). Slow; slowly; tardy. Ex.: Klat- 
 wa klahwa, — go slowly. Yaka chako 
 klahwa, — he comes slowly. 
 
 Klak, adv. (C). (Chinook,-klakw). 
 Off; out; away; (to take) off. 
 
 Klak'-Bta, or Kluk'-sta, pron. (C). 
 (Chinook.-t'kluksta). Who; whose; 
 
 which; which one; any. Ex.: Klaksta 
 yahwa? — who is there? Halo klaksta, — 
 no one; none; not any; nobody. Klaksta 
 mamook okoke, — who made or did that? 
 Ikt man, klonas klaksta, — somebodj'. 
 Konoway klaksta, — everyone. 
 
 Klale, or T'klale, adj. (C). (Chinook,- 
 Tlehl). Black, or dark blue, or green; 
 brown; ignorant. Example: Okoke pasee- 
 sie yaka klale, — that blanket is black. 
 Klale nika tumtum, — my mind is igno- 
 rant. Sitkum-klale, — brown. Wake siah 
 klale, — purple. Klale chuck kopa ma- 
 mook tzum, — ink. 
 
 Klap, V. (C). (Chinook,-Klap). To 
 find; arrive. Example: Mika na klap 
 mika kiuatan? — did you find your horse? 
 Nika klap Seattle kopa polaklie, — I ar- 
 rived at Seattle at night. Klap tenas, — 
 to be with child. Klap tumtum, — to de- 
 cide; to recollect; remember. Klap wa- 
 wa, — to learn a language. 
 
 Klas'-ka, or Klus'-ka, pron. (C). (Chi- 
 nook,-Kluska.) Anything pertaining to 
 the third person, plural number; they; 
 thine; them; their; theirs. Example: 
 Klaska klatawa kopa Clallam illahee, — 
 they went to the Clallam land. Nika 
 nanitsh klaska, — I see them. . Okoke 
 klaska ilahee, — this is their land. 
 
 Klat'-a-wa, v. (N). (Nootka,-Klattur- 
 wah.) (Jewitt.) (ITittinat,-Klatoukh. ) 
 To go; travel; attend; flow; mierrate; 
 start; tread; leave; begone; get. out; de- 
 part. Example: Klatawa teahwit, — to 
 walk; go on foot. Vaka klatawa kopa 
 Tacoma, — he went to Tacoma. Klatawa 
 kopa kiuatan, — to ride. Chee klatawa, 
 — to start. Klatawa kopa boat, — to sail; 
 to go in a boat. Mamook klatawa, — to 
 send. (A few of the numerous ways 
 of spelling Klatawa: Clatawah; clatta- 
 wah; claterwar; clatterwar; clattarwar; 
 clatawar; clatua; clatuwa; klatawah; 
 klatoa; klatwa; tlatoa; tlatowa; and 
 others.) 
 
 Klim-tn'-awhit, n., v. (C). (Chlnook,- 
 Kliminawhut.) A lie; to lie; falsehood; 
 untrue. Example: Hyas kumtuks 
 kliminawhit, — he is a great liar (liter- 
 ally, he knows well how to lie). Taka 
 kwanesum kliminawhit, — he always lies. 
 (Also spelled: Kliminacut; kUminwhit; 
 kliminkwhit ; klimlnawit ; klaminawit ; 
 klamiuawhit; clementikote; tlemena- 
 whit; tleminwhlt; klimluwit; and oth- 
 ers.) 
 
 Klim'-mln, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Tkle- 
 min-tklemin.) Soft; fine In substance; 
 not hard; fine; little. (The redupllca- 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 11 
 
 tion denotes the diminutive, but in Jar- 
 gon it is generally used singly, j Ex- 
 ample: Klinuuln sapoleU, — flour. Chako 
 ilunmln, — to melt; become soft. Klim- 
 min lUaliie, — mud; marshy ground 
 Wake kUnuuin, or lialo kUnuuln, —hard. 
 Mamook klinunln, — to soften as by 
 dressing a skin. 
 
 KUp, adj. (C). (Chlnook.-Kelipe Chi- 
 hallSi-Kluptutl; ITisg.nall7,-Klep. ) Seep; 
 sunken; to sink. Example: KUp chuck, 
 — deep water. Klip sun, — sunset. 
 
 Klls'-kwiss, n. (C). (Clilnook,-idem. ) 
 A mat, (made of the cattail rush.) Ex- 
 ample: Kliskwlss yaka kloshe kopa 
 bed, — the mat is good for a bed. 
 
 Klo-nas, adv. (C). Clunook,-idem.) 
 (Expression of uncertainty or doubt.) 
 Perhaps; I don't know; may be so; who 
 knows? it is doubtful; miglit; may- 
 Equivalent to the Spanish quien sabe. 
 "The potential mode is Indicated by the 
 word, klonas." — Eells. Example: Xlo- 
 nass nika klatawa, — perhaps I shall go. 
 Kah mika kahpho? — where is your 
 brother? Klouass,— -I don't know. IVIika 
 tumtum. hiyu snass okoke sun? — do you 
 think it will rain much today? Klonas, 
 — I do not know. Klonas yaka chako 
 tomoUo, — perhaps he will come tomor- 
 row. (Other ways of spelling Klonas: 
 Xlonass; clouas; clunas; kloneas; kloo- 
 naz; tlonas; 'Uilnnass, etc.) 
 
 Kloue, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Tklon. ) 
 Three. (Other spellings: None; clone; 
 cloak; kloon; thlune; tlon, etc.) 
 
 Kloshe, or Klosh, adj., adv. (N). 
 (ITootka, Tokwaht,-klohtl; Makah,-klot- 
 elo, or klotello; Cloosh,-(Meares); Nls- 
 ciually,-klob. ) A very expressive word; 
 has 45 meanings.) Crood; well; well 
 euong'h; affable; amiable; apt; auspi- 
 cious; beautiful; beloved; beneficial; con- 
 venient; efficient; elegant; even; fair; 
 fine; fortunate; fragrant; gay; ^aceful; 
 hospitable; meek; intimate; kind; mild; 
 modest; m.oral; neat; nice; pleasant; 
 plain; please; practical; pretty; right; 
 reliable; safe; respectable; secure; still; 
 smooth; splendid; useful; uprig-ht; vir- 
 tuous; untarnished. Ex.: Kloshe nau- 
 nitsh, — look out; take care; guard; de- 
 fend; nurse; watch; provide. Delate hy- 
 as kloshe, — magnificent. Elip kloshe, — 
 better; superior. Hyas kloshe, — very 
 well; very good; grand; superb. Ellp 
 kloshe kopa konoway, — best; supreme. 
 mamook kloshe, — adorn; appease; ar- 
 range; behave; cure; fix; decorate; pre- 
 pare; repair. Mitlite kloshe tumtum, — 
 to congratulate; enjoy; be contented. 
 Wake kloshe, — unkind; not good; unfa- 
 vorable; wrong; nasty; naughty. Wake 
 kloshe kopa mahkook, — unsalable. 
 Kloshe kopa mahkook, — merchantable. 
 Kloshe kopa nika, — I am satisfied. 
 Kloshe kopa cultus potlatch, — generous; 
 good about giving; liberal. Kloshe ko- 
 pet, — be still. Kloshe mitlite, — hold on; 
 
 remain. Kloshe tumtum, — love; delight; 
 happy; favor; cordial; friendly. Kloshe 
 chako, — all right; corae on. Kloshe kah- 
 kwa, — well; enough; all right; amen. 
 Kloshe tumtum mlka chako, — an invita- 
 tion; a welcome. (Other ways of spell- 
 ing Kloshe: Close; closche; clouch; 
 klosche; klose; kloosh; tloos; tlosh; 
 tlosh;; cloosh, and others.) 
 
 Kloshe-spose, adv. (IT. and E.). (Noot- 
 ka,-klohtl; English,-suppose.) Shall or 
 may I; let me; good if. Example: 
 Kloshe-spose nika mamook pia okook? — 
 shall I cook that? (literally, (is it) good 
 that I may cook that?) .Kloshe-spose 
 nika klatawa? — shall I go? 
 
 Klootch-man, n. (N). (ITpotka and Tok- 
 waht,-Klutsma.) A woman; madam; 
 wife; mistress; a lady; a female of any 
 animal. Example: Kah mika klootch- 
 man? — where is your wife? .Tenas 
 klootchman, — a girl; virgin; maiden; 
 daughter; lass; used generally with ref- 
 erence to all girls and women who are 
 not married, and sometimes with refer- 
 ence to young married women. Klootch- 
 man kiuatan, — a mare. Tans yaka tenas 
 klootchman, — a granddaughter. Klootch- 
 man yaka ats, — a slster-ln-law. Klootch- 
 man yaka mama, — a mother-in-law. 
 Klootchman yaka ow, — a brother-in-law. 
 Klootchman yaka papa, — a father-in- 
 law. (A few other ways in which the 
 word is spelled: Cloocheman; clooche- 
 min; clootchman; cloaclunan; clotshe- 
 man; kloochman; kleutchman; tlatche- 
 mau; tluchmen; kloucbman, etc.) 
 
 Ko, V. (C), (Chinook,-idem.) To reach; 
 arrive at. Example: Chee klaska ko, — 
 they have just come. Eansih nesika ko 
 kopa Nisciually?— when shaH we reach 
 Nisqually? Tahlkie sun nika ko kopa 
 . Olympia, — yesterday I arrived at Olym- 
 pia. 
 
 Kok'-shut, V. (W). (Kootka,-Kakh- 
 shetl; Kloakwat,-Kwachitl.) (In the 
 original dead.) To break; broken; to 
 beat; hit; briilse; burst; cleave; hurt; 
 demolished; knock; rap; tear; torn; 
 kick; slap; shatter; split; bruised; a 
 break. Bells says: "Often mamook Is 
 used with it to make it an active verb; 
 and chako, a verb in the passive voice, — 
 but not always. Thus, — Nika kokshut 
 yaka, and Nika mamook kokshut yaka, — 
 I hit him, — would both be proper. So, 
 Nika kokshut, and Chako kokshut, — I am 
 hurt, would also both be proper." Ex- 
 ample: Hyas kokshut, — much broken. 
 Hyiu kokshut, — all broken to pieces. 
 Chako kokshut, — broken; split; bruised; 
 passive of kokshut. Mamook kokshut, — 
 to beat; bruise; see above kokshut. 
 
 Kon'-a-way, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Kan- 
 awe.) All; every; total; universal; ag- 
 gregate; entire; the sum; the whole. Ex- 
 ample: Klaska konaway klatawa, — they 
 hJvve all gone. Konaway tilikum, — ev- 
 erybody; mankind. Konaway ikta, — 
 
12 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 everything. Konaway kah, — every- 
 
 where. Konaway sun, — every day. 
 
 Ko'-pa, adv., prep., conj. (C). (CW- 
 nookj-idem ; formerly, Kwapa,-Hale. ) 
 The principal preposition in the lan- 
 guage. At; according' to; arouna; about; 
 concerning'; to; into; with; tcnrards; of; 
 there; in that place; than; for; from; 
 on; during; through; instead of. Eells 
 says: "There are nine words and three 
 phrases which are used as prepositions. 
 The principal words are kopa saghalie, 
 over; keekvinilee, under; and kunamokst, 
 with; kopa is, however, used more than 
 all the others, as it has a great variety 
 of meanings, which can only be known 
 by the connection, some of which are 
 entirely opposite to each other, as, from 
 and to; for example, — yaka chako kopa 
 saghalie, means, he came from heaven; 
 but, — yaka klata-wa kopa saghalie, 
 means he went to heaven. Alta nika 
 potlatch wawa kopa mesika kopa okoke 
 papah, means, now I will talk to you 
 about this picture. 'STaka mitlite kopa 
 chuck, — he is on the water; yaka mitlite 
 kopa river, — he is at the river; yaka 
 klatawa kopa stick, — he has gone into 
 the woods; kopa ikt moon yaka mitlite 
 yukwa, — during one month he will stay 
 here; kopa yaka wa-wa John yaka mimo- 
 luse, — according to his story John is 
 dead. .Saghalie kopa mountain, — on top 
 of the mountain; Jesus yaka mimoluse 
 kopa nesika, — Christ died for or instead 
 of us. The word is also used as an ad- 
 verb and conjunction. Kopa is often 
 prefixed to a noun to show that it is in 
 the possessive case, as okoke kintan 
 kopa John, — this horse Is John's, — (lit- 
 erally — thi^ horse to John, — i. e., belongs 
 to John.") Ex.: 'STaka kajuooks mitlite 
 kopa, — his dogs are there. When thus 
 used as an adverb, the accent is on the ' 
 last syllable which is prolonged. Nika 
 kiutan slip kloshe kopa yaka kiutan, — 
 my horse is better than his horse. Kopa 
 nika house, — at my house. I^olo okoke 
 kopa mlka, — take that home with you; 
 equivalent to the French chez vous. Cul- 
 tus kopa nika, — it is nothing to me. 
 Kah okoke lope? — where is that rope? 
 (motioning with the chin towards the 
 place) — Kopa. Kopa mika, — your; yours. 
 Kopa mesika, — your; yours. Kopa nika, 
 — my; mine. Kopa nesika, — ours. Kopa 
 klaska, — theirs. Kopa yaka, — his; her; 
 hers; its. Kopa bed, — abed; in bed. Kopa 
 boat, or ship, — aboard; on the boat or 
 ship. Kopa kiutan, — horseback; on the 
 horse. Kopa konoway, — common; for all. 
 Kopa huloim.a, — alibi; elsewhere. 
 
 Ko-p'et, v., adj. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) 
 To stop; leave olT; enough; only; alone; 
 forbear; quit; simply; submit; abdicate; 
 abrogate; cease; except. Ex.: Kopet t^a- 
 wa, — stop talking. Kopet hiyu, — enough. 
 Kloshe kopet, — be still. Kopet ikt, — 
 lonely; alone; only one. Kopet okoke, — 
 
 that's all. Kopet kumtuks, — to forget. 
 Kopet nika mitlite, — I alone remain. 
 Wake slab kopet, — nearly finished. Ma- 
 mook kopet, — to finish; fulfill; quench; 
 quell; stop; annul; complete; conclude; 
 check. Kopet 'tomoUa, — day after to- 
 morrow. Kopet cooley, — to halt. Kopet 
 kopa school, — to graduate. Konoway 
 klatawa kopet yaka, — all went except 
 him. Halo kopet, or wake yaka kopet, — 
 incomplete; unfinished. "Wawa kloshe 
 kopet, — to forbid. "Kopet, before things 
 which can be weighed or counted, must 
 be accompanied by, aiu (hiyu). Ex.: 
 Kopet aiu mitlait (mitlite), — there is 
 enough." — St. Onge. 
 
 Kow, V. (C). (Chlnook,-kaw-kaw.) To 
 tie; to fasten; to be fastened. Ex.: Kow 
 mika kiuatan, — tie your horse. Mika 
 mamook kow mika kiuatan? — have you 
 tied your horse? Nawitka, yaka kow, — 
 yes he is tied. Ikt kow, — a bundle; a 
 package; parcel; pack. IMCarsh kow, — un- 
 tie; unfasten; release; unbind. Mamook 
 kow, — to tie; hitch; arrest; shackle. 
 Kuitan — See Kiuatan. 
 Kull, adj. (C). {Cliinook,-K'hul-k'hul). 
 Hard in sn'bstanoe; difficult; tough; solid- 
 Example: Chabko kull, — to become hard. 
 Halo kull, or wake kull, — tender; soft; 
 easy. Mamook kull, — to harden ; to cause 
 to become hard. Hyas kull spose ma- 
 mook, — it is very hard to do so. Kull 
 stick, — oak or any hard wood. 
 
 Kul-lagh'-au, or Kullab, n. (S). (Chi- 
 halis.-Kullakh; liUmml.-Kullukhan). A 
 fence; a corral, or inclosure; pen, a rail. 
 Example: Kullagh stick, — fence rails. 
 (In the original, it meant the stockade 
 with which Indian houses are often sur- 
 rounded.) ITika tikes'h mamook ooahut 
 kah mika knllaghan mitlite, — I wish to 
 make a road where your fence is. 
 Kultus, see Cultus. 
 
 Kum'-'tuks, or kum'-tuz, v. n. (N). 
 (Nootka.-Kommetak; Tokwaht,-Kumi- 
 
 tuks; Clayoquot,-Kemitak). To know; 
 understand; be acquainted with; learn; 
 perceive; ascertain; recognize; Imagine; 
 believe; to be wise; kno-wing; knowledge; 
 wisdom; sense. Example: Nika kum- 
 tuks yaka, — I know him. Nika kumtuks 
 okoke, — I understand it. Yaka mitlite 
 hiyu kumtuks, — he has much knowledge. 
 Delate kumtuks, — to prove; to be sure; 
 to be expert. Halo delate kumtuks, — to 
 be in doubt; uncertain; obscurity. Halo 
 kumtuks, — to misunderstand; not to 
 know; unacquainted; unawares; unintel- 
 ligible. Halo kumtuks kopa okoke 
 mamook, — incompetent. Iskum kumtuks, 
 — to learn; to get knowledge. Kopet 
 kumtuks, — to forget. (Mamook kum- 
 tuks, — see mamook.) Tikegh kumtuks, 
 — to enquire; wish to know. Kumtuks 
 hiyu lalang, — a linguist. Kumtuks kopa 
 siwash, or 'tillikums, — ethnology. Kum- 
 tuks mamook, — skill; competent; prac- 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 13 
 
 tlcal. Kumtuks papeh, — to read. Knm- 
 tuks wawa, — an orator; eloquent. ("Kum- 
 tux," name given to Edward Clayson, 
 Sr., editor Patriarch, by newspaper men) 
 "Cumtujc." (Other spellings: Comtak; 
 ctunetaz; cumtnx; kametaks; komtax; 
 komtokB ; kointaz, etc. ) 
 
 Xun'-a-mokst, or Xun'-a-mozt, adj. 
 prep. (C). (Oliinooki-konaway mokst; 
 literally, all two). Both; together; with; 
 amid; among'; heside; besides, Example: 
 Kunamoxt kahkwa, — both alike. ITeslka 
 klatawa kuuamokst, — we will go togeth- 
 er. Nika mitlite kunamokst yaka, — I live 
 with him. Chako kunamokst, — to Join; 
 unite; meet; assemble; congregate; con- 
 vene Tmutum kunamokst, — to agree. 
 Wawa kunamokst, — to consult. 
 
 Kun'-jih, or knn'-sih, adv. (C). (Chi- 
 nook, -kunseukh). How many; when; 
 ever, Example: Xunsih tilikum mitlite? 
 — how many people are there? Kunsih 
 mika klatawa? — when do you go? Wake 
 kunsih, — never. Mamook kunsih, — to 
 count. Kunjih laley mika klatawa? — 
 how long before you will go? Kunjih 
 doUa, — what price? what cost? Kunjih 
 hyas, — how large? what size? Kunjih 
 laley, — how long? Kunjih siah, — how 
 far? distance. Kunjih tintin, — what 
 time? Kunjih hlyvi, — how much? Kunjih 
 mika chako? — when did you come? (This 
 word is spelled In many different ways, 
 as Cansu; kansih, kiassee, konse, konsick, 
 kuujie, kunjik, kunjnk, kunsjake, kunsig, 
 kunsic, konsiah, kunjih, kunji, etc.) — 
 Shaw. 
 
 Kwah'-ne-snm, or Kw'an-e-sum, adv. 
 (O). (Chinook.-Kwanisum; TTakima,- 
 Kwalisim.) Always; forever; eternal; 
 continual; everlasting'; perpetual; un- 
 ceasing. Example: Okoke steamer yaka 
 kwanesuiu klatawa, — that steamer is al- 
 ways going. Kahkwa kwanesum, — as 
 usual, Kwanesum mitlite, — permanent; 
 to keep. 
 
 Kwahtah, n. (E). The CLuarter of a 
 dollar. The quarter of any number is 
 usually expressed in Jargon by tenas 
 sitkum, — a small half. 
 
 Kwalst, or Kweest, adj. (C). (Chi- 
 nook,-Kwaitst.) Nine. Example: Taht- 
 lum pe kweest, — nineteen. (Eells says: 
 "(Western Wash.) — Though not much 
 used there for they generally either sav, 
 — kwinnum pe lakit, — 5 and 4, or ninp.") 
 Kweest tahtlum, — 90. Kweest tukamo- 
 nuk, — 900. Kweest thousand, — 9,000. 
 
 Kwaun, adj. (C). (Ohlnook,-Kwan- 
 kwan. ) Glad. (According to Mr. Ander- 
 son, it means a custom or habit. Mc- 
 Cormick says: "It is used by some in 
 this sense as tamed or broken, as of a 
 horse." Kwal is Nisqually for tame. (St. 
 Onge says it means tame; gentle; quiet; 
 meek.) 
 
 Kwass, n., adj., v. (O). (Chinook,- 
 idem.) Pear; to be afraid; tame; shy; 
 
 timid. 
 
 Kw'iu'-num, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Kwe- 
 nem. ) Eive. Example: Tahtlum pe 
 kwinnum,— fifteen. Kwinnum tahtlum, 
 — 50. Kwinnum tukamonuk, — 500. 
 
 Kwo-laun, Xwolan or Kwo-lah'-lie, n. 
 (S). (Chlhalis,-Kwolan; Nisqually ,-Kwi- 
 lani.) The ear. Example: Kumtuks 
 kopa kwolan, — to hear. Halo kwolann, 
 or, ikpooie kwolann, — deaf. "Kwolad, — 
 the ear. Kwuh-lah-dee, the Indian word 
 Xoulahdi Is more commonly used." — Bu- 
 chanan. 
 
 Iia-hoos, or Xiapush, n. (F). (Erench,- 
 La Bouche.) The mouth; m.outh of a 
 river. Moxt lahoos, — the forks of a 
 river. Kloshe kopa lapush, — to relish. 
 
 la-ca^set, n. (F). (French,-La Cas- 
 ette. ) A box, trunk, or chest. 
 
 I^a-clo-a, n. (F). (Frenoh,-La Croix.) 
 A Cross. 
 
 I>a-gome, n.. (F). (Prencli,-I>a Gomme.) 
 Fitch; glue. £a gomme stick, — light- 
 wood; the pitchpine. 
 
 Iia-hal, see Slahal. 
 
 la-hash', n. (F). (French,-La hache.) 
 An axe or hatchet. 
 
 Iiahb, n. (Prench,-Li'herbe). The Ar- 
 butus uva iirsi, the leaves of which are 
 used in smoking, alone or mixed with 
 tobacco. 
 
 JVa-kam-mas, see Kamass. 
 
 lak'it, or I^ok'-it, adj. (C). (Chlnook,- 
 Lakt.) Four; four times. I^akit taht- 
 lum., — forty. Tahtlum pe lakit, — four- 
 teen. Iiakit tukamonuk, — 400. 
 
 ta-lahm', or Iia-lum', n. (F). (Freuch,- 
 La rame.) An oar, lilamook lalahm, — 
 to row. 
 
 Iia-lang, n. (F). (French,-La langue.) 
 The tongue; a language; dialect; tribe. 
 Example: Nika lalang huloima kopa 
 yaka lalang, — my language is different 
 from his. 
 
 I^a'-ly, n. (C). (Chinook, -lele.) Time; 
 a long time. "Intensity of meaning or 
 duration of time may also be indicated 
 by prolongation of the sounding of a' 
 word, thus: laly (time), la-a-a-aly (a 
 long time. This is based upon an in- 
 stinctive principle common to all ton- 
 gues, just as we in English phonetically 
 indicate prolongation of time or exten- 
 sion in space or intensity of feeling by 
 means of the intonation." — Buchanan. 
 Ex.: Tenas laly or 'wake laly, — a short 
 time; an interval. Kunjih laly, — how 
 long. Tenas laly kimtah, — a little while 
 after. Tenas laly elip, — a little while 
 before. Kunjih laly mika mitlite yahk- 
 wa? — how long have you lived here? 
 
 la-messe, n. (F). (French,-idem.) The 
 ceremony of 'the mass. Ex.: Mamook 
 
14 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 lamesse, — to say mass. 
 
 I^a-mes-tln, or Ka-met-sin, n. (F). 
 (PrenoIi,-La medecine.) Medicine, (not 
 including' ma^ic); Arng; ointment; pana- 
 cea; pill; physic. Example: Halo mika 
 tikeg'li lametsin? — do you not want med- 
 icine? I^antetsin tupso, — an herb. 
 
 I^am' -mi-ell, iLommieli or Iiam-mi-i, n. 
 (P). (Frenchi-La vieille. ) An old wom- 
 an. Example: Eopet ikt lummleli mit- 
 lite, — only one old woman remains. 
 
 Iia-mon-ti, or I^a-mo-ti, n. (I*). 
 (Frencli,-La montalgne). A mountain. 
 
 1,3, pea or I^e pee, (see leepee.) 
 
 la-peep', n. (P). (Prencli,-Ija pipe.) 
 A tobacco-pipe. Lapeep kuUakala (lit- 
 erally, the "pipe-bird"), the band-tailed 
 eag'le, as its feathers were used to or- 
 nament the pipe stems. 
 
 I^a-pel-Iah', v. (Quaere if from the 
 French,-Le foyer.) Mamook lapellah,— 
 to roast before the Are. 
 
 I^-plas'h, n. (F). (Prench,-La 
 plan Che.) A board; lumber; plank. Ex- 
 ample: Kali mika isknm okoke laplash, 
 — where did you get that lumber? Cultus 
 laplash, — slabs; refuse lumber. Iiaplasta 
 man, — a carpenter; a builder. 
 
 lia-pome, n. (F). (French,-La pomme.) 
 An apple. (The word apple is now used 
 on Puget Sound.) 
 
 Iia-pote, n. (P). (French,-La porte.) 
 A door. 
 
 I^-push, see labooe. 
 
 la-tet', n. (P). (Pronounce as though 
 "lah-tayt.") (Prench,-La tete.) The 
 head; poll; brains; intellect; sense. Ex- 
 ample: Pil latet, — red-headed. Nika 
 sick kopa nika latet, — I am sick in mv 
 head. Halo latet, — stupid. Huloima la- 
 tet, — delirious. Kopa latet, — mental. 
 Tupso kopa latet,— hair. 
 
 ImClw, n. (Englishj-idem ) . A law; com- 
 mand; decree; rule; mandate; statutes. 
 Ex.: Taka kumtuks Boston law, — he 
 understands American law. Delate kopa 
 law, — legal, legitimate, or kloshe kopa 
 law. 'Wake kloshe kopa law, — illegal; 
 illegitimate. 
 
 la-wen', n. (F). (Prench,-L.'avoine.) 
 Oats. 
 
 £e-bal', n. (P). (Prench,-idem.) A ball; 
 bullet. Tenas lebal,— shot. 
 
 le-jaub, n. (F). (Prenoh.-Diable.) The 
 devil; satan; a demon. Example; Spose 
 mika mamook mesactaie, lejaub isknm 
 mika, — if you do wrong, the devil will 
 get you. I^ejaub yaVa lllahee, — hell. 
 (Other spellings: Dahblo; diaub; deaub; 
 derb; lelom; leiop; lejob; yaub; lejaum; 
 deob.) 
 
 Le-kleh', n. (P). (Preuch,-Le clef.) A 
 key. Exaanple: Mamook le kleh, — lock 
 the door. Mahsh lekleh, — to unlock, or 
 mamook halo lekleh. 
 
 le'-mah, or I^eh'ma, n. (F). (Prench,- 
 La main.) The hand; the arm; thumb; 
 lingers; sleeve; handle; limb or knot of 
 a tree. (Differentiate by gesture.) Ex- 
 
 ample: Kloshe lemah, — the right (liter- 
 ally, the good hand). Fotlatch lemah, — 
 shake hands. Iskum kopa yaka lemah, 
 — to get in his hand or arm; to hug. 
 
 le-'mel, n. (F). (£e mool, on Puget 
 Sound.) (Prenchj-Le mulet.) A mule. 
 
 Iie-mo'-lo, n., adj. (Fr. Canadian,- Le 
 moron; undoubtedly a corruption of 
 Marron, a runaway negro. It applies to 
 men as well as animals, as, for instance, 
 to the tribes which have had no inter- 
 course with the settlements. Eells says 
 it is becoming obsolete, as the word wild 
 is taking its place.) Wild; untamed; 
 skittish; uncivilized. Halo lemolo, — 
 tame. 
 
 Iie-moo'-to, or ]Lam-mu'-to, n. (P). 
 (Prench,-Les moutons. ) Sheep. The 
 word sheep is rapidlv taking its place.) 
 — Bells. 
 
 lie-pee, n. (F). (Prench,-Le pied.) The 
 feet; a foot; leg'; thlgrh; foot print; track; 
 paw; (luh-pee-ay, — differentiate by ges- 
 ture.) — Buchanan. Example: 'Z'aka la- 
 pea yaka kokshut, — his leg is broken. 
 Kah lapea mltlite, — a footstep. Klata- 
 wa kopa lapea, — to walk. Tzum kah le- 
 pea mitlite, — footstep; track. 
 
 Le-p'let, n. (P). (Prenoh,-Le pretre.) 
 A priest; minister; clergryman; parson. 
 Example: '2'ahwa klatawa nesika leplet, 
 — there goes our minister. (St. (5nge 
 gives: lesepek, — bishop. lesapot, — 
 apostle. Ka-tolik, — Catholic. Sesu Kli, — 
 Jesus Christ. Faska, — Easter. Olo time, 
 — Lent. Komenio, — communion. Kopil- 
 masio, — confirmation. liapatkot, — pente- 
 cost. Eklis, — church. Ekstlem oksio, — 
 extreme: unction.) 
 
 le-sak', n. (F). (Prench,-Le sac.) A 
 ba<r; a pocket; a sack. 
 
 Le-whet, n. (P). (On Puget Sound, la 
 whi'p.) (French,-La fouet.) A whip. 
 Mamook lewhet, to whip. 
 
 liice, n. (Ens'llBh,-rice.) Rice. Ex.: 
 Mika tikeg'h lice? — do you wish for rice? 
 
 Hp'-lip, V. (by onoma. — Hale). To 
 boil. Ex.: Okoke lice yaka llplip alta,— 
 the rice is boiling now. Mamook liplip, 
 — to make, or cause to boil. 
 
 liver, n. (E). A river. Example: 
 'S'aka mitlite kopa liver, — he is living at 
 the river. 
 
 lockit, lakit, or iKJkit, — see lakit. 
 
 I.o'-lo, V. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) (Or- 
 iginally, to carry a child on the back. 
 In Jargon, used in a more extended 
 sense.) To carry; to load; to bear; 
 bringr; fetch; remove; transfer; convey; 
 lu?; pack; renew. Example: Mamook 
 lolo kopa canim, — to load into a canoe. 
 Kloshe mika lolo okoke Iktas, — good you 
 carry these things. Man yaka kumtuks 
 lolo, — a carrier. 
 
 lowullo, lolo, or lohlo, adi. (C). (Chi- 
 nook, -Lowullo.) Round; whole; the en- 
 tire of anything. Iio-wullo sapeleel, — 
 whole wheat. Mamook lowullo,— to roll 
 up (Shaw). (Not in general use.) 
 
AND HOW TO USB IT. 
 
 15 
 
 I^ope, n. (E). (Eng'Usli.-Rope.) A 
 rope. Teuas lope, — a cord. Skin lope, — 
 a raw hide, riata, or thong. 
 
 lum, n. (E). (Eng'Usli.-Rum.) Spirits 
 of any sort; rum; whiskey. 
 
 M 
 
 Mah'kook, v., n. (Wootka,-Makuk; Nit- 
 tinat and TokwaJit,-ldem ; Makah,-Bak- 
 watl.) To Ijuy or sell; trade or ex- 
 chautre; a bargain; purchase. ("As their 
 buying and selling was merely barter, 
 the same word always answered both 
 operations." — Gibbs.) Eells says: "Gibbs 
 gives it as a noun, a bargain, but it is 
 not so used now. He also gives it as 
 to sell, trade, or exchange, but mabsh 
 is now used, to sell, and huyhuy to 
 trade and exchange." .Ex.: Eyas mah- 
 kook, — dear; very dear( in price). Wake 
 hyas mahkook, ortenas mahkook, — cheap. 
 Kah mika mahkook okoke iktahs? — 
 where did you buy the goods? mahkook 
 man, — merchant; ..trader; ..salesman; 
 storekeeper. mahkook house, — a trad- 
 ing-house or a store. ITika tikegh mah- 
 kook iktahs, — I wish to buy some things. 
 (Other spellings: Mahcook; makook; 
 makonke; makuk; markoke; markook.) 
 
 Mahsh, V. (P). (rrench,-Marcher. ) To 
 leave; to turn out; to throw away; sell; 
 accLuit; banish; cast; dash; desert; dis- 
 patch; dismiss; distribute; detach; drop; 
 apply; expel; to part with; remove; ex- 
 terminate; extinguish; fling; forsake; 
 get rid of; heave; hurl; lay down; omit; 
 insert; pour; put; reject; releasei; relin- 
 quish; remit; send; remove; sling; sow; 
 spill; spend; thrust; toss; transmit. Ex- 
 ample: llahsh chuck kopa boat, — bail 
 the boat out. Nika mahsh nika kuitan, 
 — I have sold my horse. Cnltus mahsh, 
 ^to waste. Halo mahsh, — to hold. 
 Iffahsh okoke salmon, — throw away that 
 fish. Tenas mahsh, — to move. Mahsh 
 konoway yaka wind, — to die; expire. 
 Mahsh mika capo, — take off your coat. 
 Mahsh klahanie, — to exclude; eject; de- 
 liver; evict; turn out; export. Mahsh! 
 (to a dog), — get out! Mahsh keekwulee, 
 — to inject; sink; lower; enclose; throw 
 down; put inside. Mahsh tenas, — to Iiave 
 a child; to be delivered. Mahsh kunam- 
 okst, — to mingle; to mix; to add. Yakka 
 mahsh tum-tum kopa nika, — he has 
 given me his orders, or tolti me his 
 wishes. Mahsh kopa illahee, — to bury. 
 Mahsh kow, — to untie. Mahsh stone, — 
 to castrate. Mahsh lametsin kopa lemah 
 yaka kloshe kopa small pox, — to vac- 
 cinate. Mahsh mesachie, — to go to stool. 
 
 Mah-sie, v. (P). {Prench,-Mercie.) 
 Thank you; thanks; thankful. (Bells 
 ."ays also to pray.) Example: Kloshe 
 nesika mahsie kopa Saghalie Tyee, — let 
 
 us pray to God. Wawa mahsie, — to give 
 thanks; to praise. Mahsie kopa Sagha- 
 lie Tyee, — the Doxology. 
 
 Maht'-lin-nie, adv. (C). (Chinook,- 
 Matlini.) Off shore; out at sea. (in 
 boating), — keep off! (If on land),— to- 
 wards tlie water. 
 
 Mah'twil-lle, adv. (O). (Chlnook,- 
 Mathwili.) In shore; shoreward. (As 
 a command), — keep in. (On land), — to- 
 w.ards the woods, or the interior. 
 
 Mal-i-eh, v., n. (P). (Prench.-Marier.) 
 To marry; to get married; marriage; 
 matrimony. Example: Vaka malleh al- 
 ta? — is he married now? Alta nika kla- 
 tawa kopa malieh, — now I am going to 
 the marriage. Elip kopa malieh, — ante 
 nuptial. Man yaka chee malieh, a 
 bridegroom. Xlootchman yaka chee ma- 
 lieh, — a bride. Halo malieh, — a bene- 
 dict. Maraook cut kopa malieh, or, kok- 
 shut malieh, — a divorce; to be divorced; 
 to get a divorce. 
 
 Ma -ma, n. (E). (English,-Mamma.) A 
 mother; a mama. Example: Halo ma- 
 ma, — motherless. Kahkwa mama, — 
 motherly; maternal. Fapa pe mama, — 
 parents. Halo papa pe mama,— orphans. 
 Mama yaka ats, — an aunt. Mama yaka 
 mama, — a grandmother. Mama yaka ow, 
 — an uncle. 
 
 Mam'-ook, n., v. (N). (Wootka.-mam- 
 uk.) To make; to do; to work; labor; 
 exertion; exercise; act; action; deed; 
 work; enact; appoint; accomplish; make; 
 manage; operate; practice; resolve; 
 serve; use; toil; a job; task; achieve, 
 the one word denoting action. "The 
 most useful of all Chinook words, as it 
 is prefixed to many nouns, verbs and 
 adjectives and makes them active verbs; 
 hence, more than any other word it is 
 the sign of the active voice," — Eells. 
 "On Puget Sound it is probably the 
 most common word in use. I have given 
 209 phrases which begin with it, which 
 answer to a single English word," Dr. 
 Boas says, however, it has acquired an 
 obscene meaning and is no longer in use 
 on the Columbia river. "Used generally 
 as a causative verb, as ,mamook cbako 
 (make to come) bring; mamook liplip, 
 make to boil," — Hale. Ex.: Ikta mika 
 mamook? — what are you doing? Mamook 
 elip, — to begin; commence. Mamook 
 halo, — to demolish; destroy; erase; ruin: 
 efface; evacuate; overthrow; repeal. 
 Mamook haul, — to haul; subtract; ex- 
 tract; pull; pull off; pick (as apples); 
 dig (as potatoes). Mamook huyhuy, — 
 to change; trade; exchange, Mamook 
 kloshe, — to make good; shine; trim; 
 heal: pacify; remedy; repair; prepare; 
 please: sure; to make safe; sure; or 
 useful, Mamook tumtnm, — to think; 
 reason; meditate; reckon; ponder; re- 
 view; muse; decide; determine; sur- 
 mise: plan: account; appraise; elect; be 
 amazed: estimate; decide; deduce; de- 
 
16 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 sign; contemplate; consider. Slanioolc 
 tzum, — to write; record, subscribe; 
 mark; copy; dye; engrave; enroll; 
 enumerate. Mamook alkl; mamoolc by- 
 by, — to defer; delay. Mamoolc cbako, — 
 to bring; make to come; fetch. Mamook 
 cvQtus, — to spoil. Mamook delate, — to 
 confirm; straighten; make right; cor- 
 rect. Mamook kalikwa, — to imitate; as- 
 similate; mimic. Mamook kllaple, — to 
 twist; unwind; withdraw; turn over Cas 
 a canoe) ; bring or send back. Mamook 
 kopet, — to stop; check; complete; finish; 
 conclude; deter; quell; quench; annul; 
 prohibit; restrict; extinguish; extermi- 
 nate; abolish; debar. Mamook kow, — to 
 tie; wrap; hitch; clasp; shackle; strap; 
 confine: detain; fasten: capture; arrest; 
 envelop. Mamook ktuntuks, — to teach; 
 show: explain; acquaint: describe; dis- 
 close; edify; educate; illustrate: in- 
 form; instruct; reveal; introduce; pub- 
 lish. Mamook kunjili; mamook kwuu- 
 num^ — to count; enumerate. Mamook 
 sick tiuutum, — to afflict; ill treat; hurt 
 one's feelings. Mamook skookum, — to 
 strengthen;; invigorate; strive; uphold. 
 Mamook skookum tumtum, — to encour- 
 age; to make brave. Mamook skookum 
 haul, — must. Cliee mamook, — the begin- 
 ning; new work. Cultus mamook, — mis- 
 chief; poor work. Delate kumtuks ma- 
 mook, — practical; knowing how to work. 
 Halo delate mam.ook, — to pretend; not 
 right work. Kumtuks mamook, — skill; 
 to know how to work. Kwanesum ma- 
 mook, — to persevere; persist; endure; be 
 diligent; be industrious; always at work. 
 Fotlatch mamook, — to hire; employ; give 
 work. Tikeg'li mamook, — to endeavor; 
 to wish for work. 
 
 Man, n. (E). (Enfflishj-idem.) A man; 
 the male of any animal; a husband. 
 Example: Man moolock, — a buck elk. 
 Tenas man, — a young man or boy. Nika 
 man, — my husband. Sister yaka tenas 
 man, — a nephew. Tam'ahnons man, — a 
 conjurer; an Indian doctor; a sorcerer. 
 Man kloshe kopa yaka lepush pe klale 
 kopa yaka tumtum, — a hypocrite. Man 
 yalra mamook cooley steamer, — a pilot. 
 
 Mel'-ass, n. (P). (French.-Melasse.) 
 Molasses. ("Not much used, as silup 
 (syrup) has largely taken its place." — 
 Eells.) 
 
 Mem'-a-loost, or MIm'-a-loos, v., n.. 
 adj. (C). (Chinook.-Memalust.) To die; 
 dead; to expire; decay; become rotten. 
 Ex.: Chako mlmaloos, — to decay; be- 
 come rotten. Mamook memaloost, — to 
 kill; assassinate; execute; murder. Ml- 
 maloose kopa chuck, — to drown. Mima- 
 loose Ulahee, — a grave; graveyard; 
 tomb. 
 
 Me-sah-ohie, adj., n. (C). (Chluook,- 
 Masachi.) Bad; wicked; evil; vile; sin; 
 bitter; cruel; depravity; dissolute; dung-; 
 fllthv; Immodest; nasty; obscene; vice; 
 insolence; imworthy; unruly; Iniquity; 
 
 unrlg-hteous; nanglity. Example: Ellp 
 mesachle, — worse. Ellp mesachle kopa 
 konoway, — the worst. aiyu mesachle 
 mitllte, — unclean. Mesachle mitute, — 
 danger; peril. "Mesatchee, — bad, vile, 
 vicious, in the sense of vileness, filth, 
 dirtiness, etc., whether in the atjstract 
 or in the concrete." — Buchanan. 
 
 Me-sl'-ka, pron. (C). (Chlnook,-Mesai- 
 ka.) "The second person, plural num- 
 ber in all cases." Vou; your; yours. 
 "There is no such thing as case in Chi- 
 nook, therefore one form represents at 
 .once the nominative, possessive and ob- 
 jective cases, or what corresponds to 
 them in English." — Buchanan. 
 
 Ml'ka, pron. (C). (Chlnook,-Maika.) 
 (Anything pertaining to the first person, 
 singular number.) You; your; yours; 
 thee; thou; thy; thine. Example: Okoke 
 mlka klutau? — is this your horse? Kah 
 mlka klatawa? — where are you going? 
 
 Ml'-mie, adv. (C). (Chlnook,-Malami.) 
 Down stream. 
 
 Mlt'-lite, V. (C). (Chlnook,-Mltlait.) 
 To sit; sit down; stay at; reside; remain; 
 have; Inhabit; abide; dwell; exist; dwell; 
 be present; recline; keep; llng-er; lodge; 
 possess; reside; roost; wait. (Also used 
 for the impersonal verb, to be; is.) 
 Example: Kah mlka mitllte? — where do 
 you live? Taka mltlite kopa yaka house, 
 — he is at his house. (It is also used 
 in place of to have and to be.) Example: 
 Mitllte kopa house, — he is in the house. 
 Mitllte hylu salmon kopa mlka? — have 
 you plenty of salmon? Mitllte (imp.), 
 — sit down. Cultus mitllte, — to stop 
 anywhere without particular object. 
 Mltlite tenas, — to be with child. Mit- 
 llte keekwlllie, — to put down. Halo mlt- 
 lite, — absent. Kloshe mitllte, — stay; 
 hold; hold on; remain. Eunjih mitllte, — 
 how many remain. Okoke mltlite, — this 
 is the remainder. Mitllte kopa chuck, — ■ 
 to be wet; soaked. 
 
 Mit'-whit, V. (C). (Chinook,-Amet- 
 whet. ) To stand; stand up; rise; be 
 erect. Example: Kloshe mesika mlt- 
 whit, — please to arise. Mitwhlt stick, — 
 a standing tree; a mast. 
 
 Mokst, Mox, or Moxt, adj. (C). (Chi- 
 nook,-Makst.) Two; twice; doable; dual; 
 couple; pair; second. Example: Mokst 
 tahtlum, — twenty. Mokst tukamonnk, — 
 200. Mokst tumtum, — double minded; 
 dubious; in doubt. 
 
 Moo'la, n. (P). (Prench,-Moulin.) A 
 mill; a .jnanufactory. Example: I^a- 
 plash, or stick moola. — a saw-mill. Sapo- 
 111 moola, — a flour-mill. 
 
 Moo'-laok, n. (C). (Ohinook.-Emuluk.) 
 An elk. (This word, strangely enough, 
 occurs also in the Koquilth of Humbolt 
 Bay.) The word is obsolete now. 
 
 Moon, n. (E). (Engllsh,-idem.) The 
 moon. Example: Ikt moon, — a month. 
 Sick moon, — the wane or old moon. Chee 
 moon, — the new moon. Kopa mokst 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 17 
 
 moon nilca kilaple, — in two months I will 
 return. 
 
 UoOB'-mooB, n. (K. C.) (Kllkatat,-Mus- 
 mus; Climook,-Emusnius.) Buffalo; 
 
 horned cattle; beef. (The word, slight- 
 ly varied, is common to several lan- 
 guages. Mr. Anderson derives it from 
 the Cree word Moostoos, a Buffalo, and 
 supposes it to have been imported by 
 the Canadians; but Father Pandosy 
 makes MUBmus Yakima.) (Eells says: 
 "The Clallams and Twanas have adopted 
 it into their languages, either from the 
 Chinook Jargon, the Takama or some 
 other native language; my opinion is 
 that the latter is true, as buffalo skins 
 were brought to Puget Sound from the 
 Yakama long before the whites came, 
 and the name naturally came with it; 
 so the Yakamas undoubtedly had a 
 name for them long before the Cana- 
 dians came.") Example: 'S'aka? mltlite 
 tag'hTun moosmoos, — he has six cattle. 
 Man yaka kum.tuks mainook mimolooBe 
 moosmoos, — a butcher. 
 
 Moo'-Bum, v., n. (S). (Chihalis.-IVIu- 
 sam.) To sleep; sleep; asleep; slumber. 
 Ex.: Tlkeg'li moosum, or olo moosum, — 
 to be sleepy (literally, to want, or be 
 hungry for sleep). 'B'aka moosum alta, 
 — he sleeps now. ITlka Iiyas moosum, — 
 I slept very sound. 
 
 Mow-itsli, Mow-Itch, or MaV-witsh, n. 
 (IT). (ITootka,-Mauitsh (Hale); Hittinat,- 
 Moitsh, — a deer; Nootia.-Moowatsh, — a 
 bear (Jewltt). k. deer; venison; animal. 
 (Frequently used to signify a wild ani- 
 mal; as, Kulolma mowitsh, — a strange 
 or different kind of beast. The meaning 
 given in Jewitt's book is probably a mis- 
 print. Like Moolock, an elk, the word 
 is found in the Koquilth of Humbolt 
 Bay.) (Other spellings: Mahwltcb; ma- 
 wich; mawltsh; mowich; mowitsli; mou- 
 eecb; moults; w^owicb.) 
 
 Muck-a-muck, n., v. (Quaere u. d. Mak- 
 amak (Hale). (Neither Chinook nor Chi- 
 halis. Mr. Anderson considers it an in- 
 vented word.) To eat; bite; food; im- 
 bibe; lunch; chew; browse; devour; suck 
 food; nutrition; picnic; subsistence; ail- 
 ment; diet; feast. (Muckamuck is to 
 take anything into the mouth; hence. 
 niuckamuck salmun, to eat salmon r 
 muckamuck chuck, to drink water; 
 muckamuck kinootl, to smoke or chew 
 tobacco." — Hale.) Example: Mamook 
 piah muckamuck, — to cook food. Pot- 
 latch muckamuck, — to feed. Sail kopa 
 mamook kloshe lapush spose nesika 
 muckamuck, — a napkin. Muckamuck 
 chuck, &c., — to drink water, or other 
 liquid. Muckamuck kopa polaklie, — sup- 
 per. Muckamuck kopa sitkum sun, — din- 
 ner. Muckamuck kopa tenas sun, — 
 breakfast. (Other ways of spelling: 
 Mackamack; makmak; mokamok; mnca- 
 mnc; mncaiuuck; muckermnc; muka- 
 muck; mukamuck; makamak.) 
 
 Mus'-ket, n. (Bnirlish,-idem.) A gTin 
 or musket. Stick musket, — a bow. 
 
 N 
 
 Na, — the interrogative particle. "In- 
 terrogation is, however, generally con- 
 veyed by intonation only." — Gibbs. "The 
 negative enclitic, 'na,' in use in former 
 years, is now obsolete, and is never 
 heard now — on Puget Sound at least." — 
 Buchanan. 
 
 Na'-ha, or Na-ah, n. (C). (Chluook,- 
 Tlkanaa.) A mother, (Hale.) Peculiar 
 to the Columbia, and now in fact obso- 
 lete, the English 'mama' being used in- 
 stead." — Gibbs. "St Onge is the only 
 writer who uses it." — Eells. 
 
 ITah, interj. (Common to several lan- 
 guages.) Beiiold; look; look here; ha; 
 hey; look here; I say; listen; here; ho; 
 hark; harken; say. Example: Nah 
 Sikhs! — halloo friend! (Used in com- 
 mon conversation to call attention to 
 some point not thoroughly understood, 
 but generally nanitch is used for this 
 purpose. In tlie Yakama language. It is 
 the sign of the vocative; as ITah tehn! — 
 O man.) 
 
 DTan'-itsh, or Han-lch, v. (Quaere u. d.) 
 (Wootkaj-Nananitch. — Eells.) To see; 
 look; look for; seek; observe; srlance; 
 view; perceive; behold; listen; look here. 
 ("Often used in a sentence to call atten- 
 tion to a certain point, as, — see here.) 
 Example: ITanitshl — look there! Xloshe 
 nanitsh! — look out! take care! be careful; 
 nourish; be cautious; nurse; defend; pre- 
 serve; entertain; protect; foster; steady; 
 guard; tend; take heed; supervise; 
 watch; provide. Cultus nanitsh, — to 
 look round idly, or from curiosity only. 
 Mamook nanitsh, — to show. (The word 
 is neither Chinook nor Chihalis. Dr. 
 Scouler gives nannanitsh as Nootka and 
 Columbian. It is possibly the former.) 
 
 Na-wit'-ka, adv. (C). (Cliinook,-idem ) ; 
 Kllkatat and Yakama,-N'witka.) Tes; 
 certainly; yes. Indeed; to be sure; aye; 
 assuredly; indeed. Example: Na'witka 
 nika klatawa, — yes, I will go. Hawitka 
 wake nika kumtuks, — indeed I don't 
 know. Klonass nawitka, — perhaps; 
 
 probably so. Wawa nawitka, — to per- 
 mit; acquiesce; assent; consent: accord. 
 (In answer to a negative question, many 
 Indians use it as affirming the nega- 
 tive.) Example: Wake mika nanitsh? 
 — did you not see (it) ? Wawitka, — I 
 did not. 
 
 Nem, n. (E). (Enffllsh.-Name.) A 
 name. Example: Mamook uem, — to 
 name, or call by name. Kloshe nem, — 
 honor; a good name. Hyas kloshe nem, 
 — R great name. 
 
 Ne-si'-ka, pron. (C). (Chinook,-Nisai- 
 
18 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 ka.) (Among the Quinaielt Indians I 
 found In 1892 that It Is pronounced 
 en-si-ka." — Eells.) We; us; our. Ex- 
 ainple: Chako kopa nesika, — come to 
 us. Alki nesika klatawa, — soon we will 
 go. ^ Nesika kultan delate till, — our 
 horses are very tired. Nesika self, — 
 ourselves. 
 
 Ne'-whab, (C). (CIu]iook,-Miwlia.) It 
 seems to be an adverb used, as is often 
 the case, as a verb, the meaning being 
 hither, come, or 'bring it hither. Ex.: 
 Newhah nika nanitsh, — here, let me see 
 it. 
 
 Ni'-ka, pron. (C). (Chliiook,-Naika.) 
 I; me; my; m.iiie. The first person, sin- 
 gular, in all cases. Ex.: "The personal 
 pronouns become possessive merely by 
 being prefixed to nouns; as, nika house, 
 my house; mika papa, thy father; nesika 
 illahee, our land." — Hale, "Sometimes 
 s is added to the personal pronouns in 
 the possessive case; thus uikas, — mine; 
 mikaa, — yours; yakas, — his, hers, its; 
 nesikas, — ours; mesikas, — yours; klas- 
 kas, — theirs. This mode is generally 
 used only when the pronoun is the last 
 word in the sentence, thus: Okoke kiu- 
 atan uikas." — Eells. Nika nauitch yaka, 
 — I see him. Yaka kokshut nika, — he 
 hit me. Nika klootchmau, — my wife. 
 Nika man, — my husband. Nika self, — 
 myself. Nika tenas man, — my boy; son; 
 sweetheart. Nika tenas klootchmau, — 
 my girl; daughter; sweetheart. Nika 
 tumtiuu, — I guess; think. Nika tum- 
 tum. kahkwa, — I approve; I think so. 
 
 Numerals: The numerals below a 
 thousand are all from the Old Chinook, 
 and are as follows: .Ikt, — one; mokst, 
 — two; klone, — three; lakit, — four; kwin- 
 num, — five ; tag*hum, — six ; siuamokst, — 
 seven; stotekin, — eight; kweest, — nine; 
 tahtlnm, — ten; tukamonnk, — one hun- 
 dred. For some reason the words for 
 eight and nine are used but little, either 
 being replaced by the English words 
 eight and nine, or by the combinations 
 Cor five and three, kwinnum pe klone, 
 and five and four, kwinnum pe lakit. 
 Thousand is either represented by the 
 words tahtlum tukamouuk, — ten hun- 
 dred, or by the word thousand. Ross 
 (1849) gives hioh, (probably hiyu, 
 many) as the word for thousand; hioh- 
 hioh. — two thousand ; hioh-hioh-hioh, — 
 three thousand; and hloh-hioh-hioh-hioh, 
 — four thousand." — Eells. The combina- 
 tions of the numerals are simple, as 
 tahtlum pe Ikt (ten and one) eleven; 
 mokst tahtlum pe kwinnum (two tens 
 and five) twenty-five; tag'hum tahtlum 
 (six tens) sixty: klone tukamonuk, — 
 three hundred; Ikt thousand (or taht- 
 lum tukamonuk) stotekin tukamonuk, 
 kweest tahtlum pe klone, — one thousand, 
 eight hundred and ninety-three." — Eells. 
 
 Nose, n. (Ensrlish.-idem.) "(Buck-sid 
 (Indian, -Common.) Bock-s'd." — Buchan- 
 
 an. The nose; also, a promontory. Boat 
 nose, — the bow of a boat. Example: 
 Yaka mamook camp kopa nose, — he is 
 
 camped at the spit. 
 
 o 
 
 O'-koke, or O'-kook, pron. (C). (Chi- 
 nook,-Okok.) This; that; it; these; those; 
 (differentiate by pointing). (Okoke, 
 this or that, is the only demonstrative 
 pronoun.) Example: Zktah okoke?-^ 
 what is that? Okoke klaksta, — he who. 
 Okoke klaska, — they (being present). 
 (It is often abbreviated to oke; as, oke 
 sun. — Gibtas. ) Okoke mitllte, — the re- 
 mainder. Okoke polaklie, — tonight. 
 Okoke sun, — today. "There are no 
 words fbr articles, except that the dem- 
 onstrative pronoun okoke, that, is some- 
 times used to denote a very definite 
 the." — Eells. 
 
 O'-lal-lie, or O'-lll-lie, n. (Belbella.) 
 (Belbella,-idem. ) Originally the salmon 
 berry. (Chinook,-Klalelli, — berries in 
 general.) Berries; fruit. Ex.: Klale 
 olallie, — blackberries. Pil olallie, — cur- 
 rants; cranberries. Sallal olalllie, — sal- 
 lal berries. Olallie chuck, — berry juice. 
 Shot ollllie, — huckleberries. Seapho, or 
 siahpult olillie, — raspberries: thimblfe 
 cap berries. Salmon olillie, — salmon 
 berries; &c. (On Puget Sound always 
 called olallie.) 
 
 O'-le-man, n., adj. (E). (English,-01d 
 man.) An old man; old; worn out; 
 stale. Example: Okoke kuitan yaka 
 hyas oleman, — that horse is very old. 
 (As regards articles, used in the sense 
 of worn out.) 
 
 O'-lo, adj. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) Hun- 
 gry. Example: Olo chuck, — thirsty. 
 <>lo moosrim, — sleepy, Nika hyas olo 
 alta, — I am very hungry now. Wake 
 siah mimoluse kopa olo, — famished. (Olo 
 moosum, not used on Puget Sound to 
 my knowledge, — tikegrh moosum, is 
 sleepy. — Eells.) Olo time, — Lent. 
 
 Oo'-a-kut, or Wayhnt, n. (Chinook,- 
 Wehut; Yakima.-Wiet. ) A road; path; 
 trail; way; hlg'hway; lane. (Under the 
 spelling Oyhut it is the name of a place 
 in Chehalis County, Wash. — Eells.) Ex- 
 ample: Xah ooakut kopa Olympia? — 
 where is the road to Olympia? Ooakut 
 kopa chuck, — a channel. Ooakut kopa 
 town, — a street. (Eells says: "The pro- 
 nunciation as I have given is not found 
 in any of the dictionaries, but is what 
 I have almost universally found on 
 Puget Sound; wayhut being very sel- 
 dom used. Gibbs says that on the Co- 
 lumbia it is pronounced hwehkut, and 
 on Puget Sound weehut; but Gill (Port- 
 land) gives oehut, and I have seldom 
 heard anything but ooahnt on Puget 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 19 
 
 Sound; only occasionally wayliut.") 
 (Other ways of spelling: BooUcnt; oi- 
 Iiat; olliot; oebut; ohehut; owakut; hweh- 
 intj weebut; wehkut; oyhut.) "The In- 
 dians are very quick to detect any dif- 
 ference in the intonation or method of 
 pronunciation of the whites, and some- 
 times think we speak different lan- 
 guages. An Indian asked me one day 
 (while pointing to a cow) what was the 
 name we called that animal. I told him 
 cow. He said that he had Jiist asked 
 another white man, and he called it a 
 oaow. By this means, different Indians 
 who have been with the whites acquire 
 a habit of pronouncing such . English 
 words as they pick up in the same style 
 and manner as the person from whom 
 they learn them. This causes a great 
 discrepancy in the Jorgon, which at first 
 is difficult to get over. And, again, each 
 tribe will add some local words of their 
 own language, so that while a person 
 can make himself understood among any 
 of the tribes for the purposes -"of trade, 
 it is difficult to hold a lengthened con- 
 versation on any subject without the 
 aid of some one who has become more 
 familiar with the peculiar style." — Judge 
 Swan. 
 
 O'-poots, or O'pootsli, n. (C). (Chlnook,- 
 Obeputsh.) Tlie fundament; tlie poste- 
 rior; tlie tail of an animal; anus; end; 
 rectum; stem; back; backside. Example: 
 Boat opoots, — the rudder. Opoots-slll, — 
 a breach clout. Humm opoots, — a 
 skunk. 
 
 Ow, n. (Ohinook,-Au.) A. brother 
 young'er than the speaker. Example: 
 Kali mlka ow7 — where is your brother? 
 Blip ow, — an older brother. Kahkwa ow, 
 — fraternal; brotherly. Ow yaka klootcli- 
 man, — a sister-in-law. Ow yaka tenas 
 man, — a nephew. Ow yaka tenas klootcb- 
 man, — a niece. 
 
 Order of the Words; "There is no 
 settled authority in regard to the order 
 of the words in this language. They are 
 generally placed in much the same order 
 as they are in the language which the 
 speaker has been accustomed to use, 
 if he be not well acquainted with the 
 language. An English speaking person 
 will place them in much the same order 
 that he would in English, but there are 
 many phrases where this is riot true, 
 the order of which must be acquired by 
 practice: for instance, — halo nika kum- 
 tuks, — not I understand, is far more 
 common than nlka halo kumtuks. An 
 Indian who has learned somewhat the 
 English order, will arrange the words in 
 much the same way; but if the speaker 
 is an old Indian who knows but little 
 about English he will arrange them much 
 as he is accustomed to do in his native 
 tongue, which is usually very different 
 from the English. As the tendency, 
 however, Is not for the whites to learn 
 
 the native Indian languages, but for the 
 Indians to learn the English, so the 
 tendency is toward the English order of 
 the words." — Eells. 
 
 Pahtl, adj. (O). (Chlnook.-Patl.) Full. 
 Example: Fahtl-lum or paht-lum, — 
 drunk. Pahtl chuck, — wet. Pahtl ilia- 
 hie, — dirty. Mamook pahtl, — to All. 
 Kwanesum yaka pahtlum, — he is always 
 drunk. (Other ways of spelling pahtl: 
 Partle; patl; patle; pattle.) (Pahtlum is 
 also spelled: Pahtllum; patlem; phat- 
 lum; pahtllam; partlelum; potlum; pot- 
 tlelum.) 
 
 Paint, or Pent, n., adj. (E). (English,- 
 Paint.) Mamook pent, — to paint. 
 
 Papa, n. (EnglisS,-idem). A father. 
 Ex.: Nika nanitsh yaka pana, — T see hi.<3 
 father. 
 
 Fa-se'-se, or PaZ-see-sie, n. (C). (Chi- 
 nook, -Pasisi.) A. blanket; woolen cloth 
 Ex.: Yaka mltlite kwinnum paseesle, — 
 he has five blankets. Tzum paseesie, — a 
 quilt. "Faseesee, is properly pronounced 
 with the accent on the second syllable. 
 Tou will see how very different the word 
 becomes if you attempt to accent the 
 first or last syllables." — Grill. 
 
 Pa-'si-ooks, n., adj. (C). (Chinook,- 
 Pasisiuks.) (French; a Frenchman. Ex.: 
 Ahnkuttie hiyn pasiooks man mitlite 
 yakwa, — formerly many Frenchmen 
 lived here. (Mr. Hale supposed this to 
 be a corruption of the French word 
 Francais. It is, however, really derived 
 from the foregoing word, Fasisi, with 
 the terminal uks, which is a plural form 
 applied to living beings. Lewis and 
 Clarke (vol. 2, pp. 413) give Pashishe- 
 ooks, — clothmen, as the Chinook name 
 for the whites, and this explanation was 
 also furnished me by people of that 
 tribe. It has since been generally re- 
 stricted to the French Canadians, though, 
 among some of the tribes east of the 
 Cascade Range, it is applied indiscrim- 
 inately to all the Hudson's Bay people.) 
 — Gibbs. (Other ways of spelling: Fah- 
 seooks; pasaiooks; pasaiuks; passaiooks; 
 pesioux; pesyooks; pasheshiooks ; passi- 
 nks.) "The origin of some of the words 
 is rather whimsical. The Americans, 
 British, and French are distinguished by 
 the terms Boston, Klng'chotsh (King 
 George), and Fasalnks, which is pre- 
 sumed to be the word Francais (as 
 neither f, r, nor the nasal n can be pro- 
 nounced by the Indians) with the Chi- 
 nook plural termination uks added. The 
 word for blanket, paseesee, is probably 
 from the same source (francalses, — 
 French goods or clothing)." — Hale. (See 
 Dutchman.) 
 
20 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Pe, or Pee, conj. (F), (Preucli,-Puls). 
 And; but; Eells says and and but are its 
 only meanings. Gibbs and Hale give 
 then, besides, or. Hale says: "Only two 
 conjunctions, properly speaking, are 
 found in the language, — Pe and Spose, — 
 often contracted to Pos. These two con- 
 Junctions form the only exceptions to 
 the rule that all the grammatical ele- 
 ments of the jargon are derived from the 
 proper Chinook language. The pronouns 
 and the numerals are pure Chinook." 
 Ex.: Vaka pe nika klatawa, — he and I 
 will go. Vaka wawa kahkwa pe nika 
 wawa liuloima, — he said so, but I said 
 differently. Pe weght, — and; also; be- 
 sides. Pe kahta, — and why; for what; 
 what reason. 
 
 Peh'-pab, or Papah, n. (Englishi-Pa- 
 per). Paper; a letter; any writing'; 
 book; messag'e. Ex.: Mamook petapah, — 
 To write. Kloshe mlka mamook papah 
 kopa nika, — please to write a letter for 
 me. Kumtuks papali, — to read. Sag'ha- 
 lie tyee yaka papali, — the Bible; Testa- 
 ment. 
 
 Pel'-ton, or Pehlten, n., adj. (Jarg'on). 
 A fool; foolish; crazy; absurd; insane. 
 Ex.: Kahkwa pelton, — like a fool; hyas 
 pelton mika, — you are very silly. (The 
 Indians adopted this word from the 
 name of a deranged person, Archibald 
 Pelton, or perhaps Pelton, whom Mr. 
 "Wilson P. Hunt found on his journey to 
 Astoria, and carried there with him. The 
 circumstance is mentioned by Pranchere, 
 in his "Narrative," trans., p. 149.) "The 
 word pehlten — insane, crazy — comes 
 from "Pilion," the name of an employee 
 of the Hudson's Bay, who become insane. 
 Between the French and English pronun- 
 ciation of that name, the Indians made it 
 pilio, pilian, and at last pehlten, and 
 adopted the name to mean insane in 
 general." — Kamloops Wawa. (Other 
 spellings: Felhten; pilteu; piltin; pil- 
 ton). 
 
 Pe-shak', or Pe-shuk, adj. (N). (Noot- 
 ka,-Peshuk). (ITittinat,-ideni). Bad. 
 (Mesachle is used for it on Puget Sound 
 
 Pe-what -tie, adj. (C). (Ohlnook,-Pih- 
 wati). Thin, like paper, etc. 
 
 Pi'-ah, n., adj. (E). Pire; ripe; cooked; 
 mature; blaze; flame; burned; mellow. 
 Example: IVIamook piah, — to cook; to 
 burn. Piah-ship, — a steamer; piah olil- 
 Ile, — ripe berries. Piah chuck, — whiskey. 
 Piah sapolill, — baked bread. Piah sick, — 
 the venereal disease. Sa^halie piah, — 
 lightning. Shot olallia yaka piah alta, — 
 the huckleberries are ripe now. 
 
 Pil, adj. (C.) (Chinook,-TlpelDen. 
 Bed; of a reddish color. (Father Pan- 
 dosy gives Pilpilp as signifying red. In 
 the Nez Perce or Sahaptin, also.1 Pll 
 illihie, — red clay or vermillion. Pil dol- 
 la, — gold. Pil chickamin, — copper. Pil 
 kinatan, — a bay or chestnut horse. 
 
 Pil' -pil, n. (Jarg'on). Blood. Hiyu 
 
 pipil chako, — much blood came. Mahsh 
 pllpil, — to bleed; to menstruate. (De- 
 rived from the foregoing). (Lee and 
 Frost give pilpil, as red.) 
 
 Fish, n. (E). Pish. Example: mika 
 tikeg'h mahsh okoke pish, — do you wish 
 to sell that flsh? Kah isknm pish, or 
 kah pish mUite, — a fishery. STamook 
 pish, — to troll; to flsh. MuckamuclE 
 kopa pish, — bait. 
 
 Pish-pish. (See Puss-puss.) 
 
 Pit-lilh, or Pi-t-hlil', adj. (Quaere u. 
 d. ). Thick in consistence, as molasses. 
 
 Piu-piu, n., v., interj. (F). (Prench,- 
 puer). To stink. Or from the sound oft- 
 en uttered expressive of disgust at a bad 
 smell. A skunk. Generally used as an 
 interjection. Example: Pinpiu! What 
 a bad smell there is! (Hnmm, is gener- 
 ally used in sentences.) 
 
 Foh, V. (Chinook, -idem). (By onoma). 
 To blow; a puff of breath. Slamook 
 poh, — to blow out or extinguish, as a 
 candle. 
 
 Po'-lak-lie, or Polakly, n., adj. (C). 
 (Chinook, — Polakli). Nig'ht; darkness; 
 dark; g'loom. Example: Tenas polak- 
 lie, — evening; Hyas polaklie, — late at 
 night; very dark; Slt-kum polaklie, — 
 midnight (literally, — the half night). 
 Alkl polaklie chako, — soon night will 
 come. Kimtah sltkum polukly, — after 
 midnight. (Other spellings; —Polack- 
 ley; polackly; polakle; polaklie; polike- 
 ly; poUakle; poolakle; polnkly). 
 
 Fo'-lal-lie, n. (Quaere French, Pou- 
 dre). Ci-nnpowder; dust; sand. Folallie 
 illahie, — sandy ground. (The word is 
 certainly neither Chinook nor Chihalis.) 
 (Other ways of spelling: — Folale, polal- 
 ly, polalely, pollalley, poUallle, poolala, 
 pooale.) 
 
 Poo, n. (By onoma,- (Hale). The 
 sound of a g^u. lUamook poo, — to shoot; 
 IVIoxt poo, — a double-barreled gun. To- 
 hum poo, — a six-shooter. (Other spell- 
 ings: — Po, poh, pu.) 
 
 Fot'-latch, or Paht-latsh, n., v. (N). 
 (Nootka, — Pahchilt. ( Jewitt) ; Pachaetl. 
 or Pachatl, (Cook). A gift; to give; al- 
 lot; cede; expend; pay; impart; restore. 
 Ex.: Cultus potlatch, — a present or 
 free gift; expecting no return; a dona- 
 tion. Mam.ook potla'tch, — to make a pot- 
 latch. Tikegh potlatch, — to otter. Note — 
 "A great distribution of gifts; the lare;- 
 est gathering and festival of the Indi- 
 ans of the North Pacific Coast." — Eells. 
 "The potlatch was the greatest institu- 
 tion of the Indian, and is to this day. 
 From far and near assembled the invited 
 guests and tribes and with feasting, 
 singing, chanting and dancing, the boun- 
 teous collection was distributed: a chief 
 was made penniless, the wealth of a 
 lifetime was dissipated in an hour, but 
 his head ever after was crowned with 
 the glory of a satisfied ambition; he had 
 won the honor and reverence of his peo- 
 
AND HOW TO USB IT. 
 
 21 
 
 pie. It was a beautiful custom; beauti- 
 ful in the eyes of the natives of high or 
 low degree, confined to no particular 
 tribe, but to be met with everywhere 
 along the coast." — The Slwash. 
 
 "fotlatcli (noun) — That which is giv- 
 en, bestowed, bequeathed, given, etc., — 
 i. e., a gift. Always given with the ex- 
 pectation, greater or lesser, of a return. 
 Cultus potlatcli, — a purposeless gift, that 
 is, outright with no expectation of re- 
 turn. Fotlatcli, — an old Indian feast and 
 custom, forbidden by law, characterized 
 by extreme extravagance on the part of 
 the host or hostess in the bestowal of 
 gifts upon guests. Fotlatcli mnclcainuck, 
 • — To give food." — Buchanan. (Other 
 ways of spelling: — Fotlash, potlatch, 
 potlach, potlatsb). KloBhe mlka potlatch 
 nika wawa kopa yaka, — to intercede. 
 Cnltns potlatcli tnmtiun, — to advise; 
 counsel: to give advice or counsel. 
 KlOBlie kopa cultus potlatcli, — generous. 
 Ipsoot potlatck doUa kopa tyee, — to 
 bribe. Fotlatcli dolla, — to give alms; to 
 pay. Potlatch kloslie 'nra'wa, — to con- 
 gratulate; admonish. Fotlatck kopa bsls- 
 lialie tyee, — to dedicate; to consecrate. 
 Fotlatcli kiuntuks kopa mesachie, — to 
 warn; give warning. Fotlatcli mesacliie 
 wawa kopa tillikiuns, — to insult. Pot- 
 latch muckamuck pe konaway iktas, — 
 to support. Fotlatch saghalie yaka wa- 
 wa, — to preach. Fotlatch skookum wawa, 
 — to reprove; exhort. Fotlatch wawa, — 
 to make a speech; to speak; to order. 
 
 Fuk'-puk, n. (Probably an invented 
 word). A. Wow with the fist; a fist-fight. 
 Mamook pukpuk, — to box; to light with 
 the firsts. Fukpuk soUeks,— to fight in 
 anger. 
 
 Fnss'-puBS, n. (E). A cat. . (On Pu- 
 get Sound, pronounced Fish-plsh.) — 
 Eells. Kyas pusspuss, — a cougar. 
 
 Sagh'-a-lie, Sahhali, n., adj. (C). 
 (Chinook, — sakhali ; Clatsop, — ukhshak- 
 hali). Up; above; high; upper; celes- 
 tial; uppermost; over; top; upwards; 
 heaven; sky. "Saghalie has been trans- 
 lated by the Indians into nearly all their 
 languages on Puget . Sound; as, (Wis 
 sowulus, — Twana.) Shuk slab, — Clal- 
 lam). (Tsitsl siam, — Clallam). (Klo- 
 kut als, — Upper Chehalis). Klokt als, — 
 Lower Chehalis). All of which mean the 
 same. — The Above Chief."Eells. Ex.: 
 Potlatch saghalie tyee yaka wawa, — to 
 preach. Saghalie tyee. yaka book, — the 
 Bible; Scriptures; Testament. Saghalie 
 tyee yaka tenas, — Jesus Christ; God's 
 son. Sag'halie tyee yaka illahie, — heav- 
 en. Sag^alie tyee yaka wawa, — a ser- 
 
 mon: religious talk;, gospel; religion. 
 Saghalle tyee (literally, — the Chief 
 above). God; £ord; Deity; Jehovah; 
 Providence. A term invented by the mis- 
 tionaries for want of a native one. Alki 
 nesika klatawa kopa saghalie, — soon we 
 will go to heaven. Saghalie kopa, — 
 house, — upstairs. Saghalle illahie, — 
 mountain. Tenas saghalie illahie, — a hill. 
 (Other spellings: — Sahale; sahali; sag- 
 halle; sahhahlee; sahhale; sahhali; sa- 
 hilli; sakahlee; sakailly; sakalie; sakal- 
 ly; sokallee; sankhale; and so on;. Sag- 
 halie piah, — lightning. Saghalie tyee 
 nesika papa, yaka tenas, Jesus, pe yaka 
 Holy Spirit, — the Trinity. Saghalie tyee 
 papa, — God the Father. Tillikums klas- 
 ka halo kiuntuks kopa saghalie tyee, — 
 heathen. 
 
 Sail, or Sill, n. (English, — sail). A 
 sail; or any cotton or linen goods. Cloth; 
 calico; sheet; flag. Example: Okoke sail 
 hyas cultus, — that cloth is very poor. 
 Mamook sail, — to make sail; Mamook 
 keekwillie sail, — to take in sail; Tzum 
 sail, — printed cloth or calico. Snass sail, 
 — oil cloth. (Other spellings: Seel, sel, 
 sell, sil, sill). 
 
 So-kol'-eks, or Se-kol'-uks, n. (C). 
 Chinook, — tsakaluks, — leggings). Trou- 
 sers; pantaloons; pants; breeches. Ex- 
 ample: Keekwillie sakoleks, — drawers. 
 Okoke sakolleks hyas mahkook, — these 
 pants are very dear. Klahanle sakolleks, 
 — overalls. (Other spellings: Sakah- 
 leks, sakaleks, sakalooks, sakaluks, sak- 
 uleks, segalax, sekarlox, sekoluks, she- 
 coUon.) 
 
 Sal-lal', n. (C). (Chinook, — klkwu- 
 shala.) (Shelwell, of Lewis and Clarke). 
 The sallal berry; fruit of gualtheria 
 Shallon. 
 
 Salmon, or Sam'-un, n. (English, — 
 idem). The salmon; fish generally. Ex- 
 ample: Mika tikegh mahkook salmon? — 
 do you wish to buy a salmon? Tyee sal- 
 mon, — i. e., chief salmon, the spring sal- 
 mon (salmo kwinnat. Rich.); Masahchie 
 salmon, a winter species (salmo canis, 
 Suckley) ; Tzum salmon, — salmon trout. 
 
 Salt, n., adj. (English,-ldem). Salt, 
 or a salt taste. Ryas salt chuck, — the 
 ocean. Salt chuck, — salt water; brine; 
 marine; the sea; waters of Puget Sound. 
 Salt chuck tupso, — sea weed. 
 
 San -de-lie, n., adj. (P). (Prench,- 
 Cendre). Ash-colored. (Anderson). A 
 roan horse; roan-colored. 
 
 Sap'-o-lill, n. (C). (Chinook,-Tsape- 
 lil ) . (Yakima, — saplil ; — bread. — (Pan- 
 
 dosy). Wheat; flour, or meal; a loaf; 
 grain. Example: Siyu sapolil milite, — 
 there is much flour. Piah sapolill, — 
 baked bread. Iiolo sapolill, — whole 
 wheat. (The word has been erroneously 
 supposed to come from the French La 
 farine. It is, however, a true Indian 
 word, and seems common to various Co- 
 lumbia river tribes. Pandosy gives Saplil 
 
22 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 as Yakima for bread; Lewis and Clarke 
 write it Chapelell.) (Otiier spellings; 
 Cliapalell; sapalel; sapolel; sapolill; sap- 
 pelail; sapplel; sapplil). 
 
 Se'-ah-bost, or Se-ag'h'-ost, n. (C). 
 (Clmiook, — Siakhost, — tlie face). The 
 face; the eyes; eyeball; countenance; 
 forehead. (Differentiate by gesture.) — 
 Buctianan. Example: Halo seahhost, — 
 blind. Icht seahhost, — one-eyed. Iiakit 
 seahhost (four eyes), or Dolla seahhost, 
 — spectacles (or glass seahost). Nlka 
 nanitch yaka kopa nika seahost, — I saw 
 him with my eyes. Chuck kopa seasost, 
 — tears. Kametsiu kopa seahost, — eye- 
 water. Tnpso kopa seahost, — bread. 
 (Other spellings; Seakose; searhost; 
 seeahhoos; seeakhose; seeakose; seeonist; 
 seeowist; siahoos; sheaugrhouest; sia- 
 host.) 
 
 Se'-ah-po, or Se-ah-pult, n. (I"). 
 (Pr6nch,-Chapeau. ) A hat or cap. Ex- 
 ample: Klootchman seahpo, — a bonnet; 
 a woman's hot. Vaka seahpo mltllte ko- 
 pa yaka latet, — his hat is on his head. 
 Seahpult olillie, — the raspberry. (Other 
 spellings; Seahpolt, searportl, seeahpal, 
 siapool, slapult, seohpo.) 
 
 Self, n. (Engrlish,-ldem.) Self. Ex- 
 ample: Klaska self, — themselves. Me- 
 sika self, — yourselves. Ilika self, — 
 yourself. Nesika self, — ourselves. Mika 
 self, — myself. Vaka self, — himself; her- 
 self; itself. 
 
 Shame, or Shem, n. (EnsUsh,-idem.) 
 Shame. Example: Halo shame, — shame- 
 less. Halo shem mika? — aren't you 
 ashamed of yourself? Mamook shame, — 
 to deride; disgrace; dishonor; ridicule. 
 
 Shan-tie, v. (P). (Prench,-Chanter.) To 
 sing'. (Other spellings: Shante, shartee, 
 sharty, shonta.) 
 
 Ship, n. (English,-idem.) A ship or 
 vessel. Stick ship, — a sailing vessel. 
 Fiah ship, — a steamer. .Ship-man, — 9. 
 sailor. 
 
 Shoes, n. (En^lish,-idem.) Shoes; skin 
 shoes; moccasins. Ex.: Stick shoes, — 
 boots or shoes made of leather. 
 
 Shot, n. (Eng'lish,-idem.) Shot; lead. 
 Ex.: Shot oliUie, — huckleberries. Okoke 
 shot hyas till, — these shot are very 
 heavy. 
 
 Shu'-ffah, or Shu'-kwa, n. (E). Susfar; 
 honey. Example: Halo shuifa mitlite, — 
 there is no sugar. (Other spellings: 
 Shu^a, shuka, sooka, sook, su^r.) 
 
 Si-ah', ad.i. (N). (ITootka,-Saia.) (IToot- 
 ka,-Sieyah, (Jewitt) Sky; hence perhaps 
 the afar. — (jibbs. ) Ear; far oft; afar; 
 away; distant; remote, (Comparative 
 distance is expressed by intonation or 
 repetition; as, Siah-slah, — very far; (see 
 Ahnkuttie). — Gibbs. ) Jewitt gives Sleyah 
 as the sky in Nootka, which was per- 
 haps the true meaning, or, more prob- 
 ably, they called the sky "the afar." 
 Example: Alki nika/ klatawa siah, — soon 
 I will go far off. (Prolong the last syl- 
 lable and it means very far. — Eells.) De- 
 
 late siah, — a great distance. Elip siah, — 
 farther. Elip siah kopa konaway, — farth- 
 est. Tenas siah, — a little ways off. Wake 
 siah, — not far; near. 'Wake siah kahkwa, 
 — nearly so. Wawe siah kopa, — about; ad- 
 joining; almost; around; by. (Other 
 spellings; Sia; saia; sciah; siar; siyah.) 
 
 Si-am, n. (C). (Chinook.-Ishaiem.) The 
 grizzly hear. (Sometimes siam itchwoot. 
 —Eells.) 
 
 Sick, adj. (Enfflishj-idem.) Sick. Ex- 
 ample: Sick tnmtum, — grieved; to feel 
 with the heart; regret; worry; sorry; 
 Jealous; unhappy; sad; heartache. Ma- 
 mook sick tumtum, — to hurt one's feel- 
 ings. Sick kopa kwolau, — earache. Sick 
 tumtum kunamokst, — to have sympathy. 
 Cole-sick-waum-sick, — fever and ague. 
 
 Sikhs, or Shikhs, Six, n. (C). (Clituook,- 
 Skasiks ; Sahaptln,-Shikstua. — Pandosy. ) 
 A friend; companion. (Used only to- 
 wards men. — Gibbs.) Example: Klahow- 
 ya Sikhs, — how do you do, friend. (Other 
 spellings: Six; seix; sex; shixe; siks; 
 shiks.) 
 
 Sin'-a-mokst, or Sin'-a-moxt, adj. (C). 
 (Chinook,-Sinimakst.) Seven. Example: 
 Sinamokst man mi'tlite yukwa, — seven 
 men are here. Tahtlum pe sinamokst, — 
 seventeen. Sinamokst tahtlum, — seventy. 
 Sinamokst tukamonuk, — seven hundred. 
 (Other spellings; Cinamust; senemokst; 
 seuemoxt; senjiamox;' sinamox; sina- 
 muxt.) 
 
 Sls'-ki-you, n. Cree. (Anderson). A 
 hoh-tailed horse. (Tolmie and Dawson 
 give tshis-ki-you, — sky; aht, — kaiook- 
 waht.) — Baitor. (This name, ludicrously 
 enough, has been bestowed on the range 
 of mountains separatirig Oregon and Cal- 
 ifornia, and also on a county in the lat- 
 ter state. The origin or this designa- 
 tion, as related to me by Mr. Anderson, 
 was as follows. Mr. Archibald R. Mc- 
 Leod, a chief factor of the Hudson's 
 Bay Company, in the year 1828, while 
 crossing the mountains with a pack 
 train, was overtaken by a snow storm, 
 in which he lost most of his animals, 
 including a noted bob-tailed race-horse. 
 His Canadian followers, in compliment 
 to their chief, or "bourgeois," named 
 the place the Pass of the Siskiyou, — an 
 appellation subsequently adopted as thfa 
 veritable Indian name of the locality, 
 and which thence extended to the whole 
 range, and the adjoining district. — 
 Gibbs.) (See note under Tatoosh.) 
 
 Sit'-knm, n., adj. (O). (0hinook,-Sit- 
 kum (Anderson) ;01atsop,-Asitko.) A 
 half; a part; fraction; middle; some; a 
 piece. Example: Delate sltkum, — ex- 
 actly half — not a part. Elip sitkum, — 
 a quorum; more than half. Sitkum dol- 
 la, — half a dollar. Sitkum sun, — noon. 
 Elip sitkum sun, — forenoon. Kah sun 
 mitlite kopa sitkum sun, — south. Tenas 
 sitkum, — a quarter, or a small part (not 
 often used). Sitkum bit, — five cents. 
 
 Sl'wush, n., adj. (P). (Prenoh,-Sau- 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 23 
 
 vageO An Indian; Indian; aborigines; 
 a savagre; savagre. Example: Hlyu sl- 
 wasli mltllte yukwa, — many Indians are 
 here. Okoke slwash klootcluuan, — that 
 is ^n Indian woman. Xumtnks kopa sl- 
 waah, — ethnology. Sltkum slwasli, — a 
 half-breed. "The Siwash of Puget 
 Sound (a general term applied to males 
 of all the tribes) and the Indians of the 
 entire North Paciflo coast.") — The Si- 
 wash, pp. 10-11. (Walker says: "The 
 word is pure Indian and the one used 
 by the Wasco Indians, and probably by 
 the Klickitats, both of which tribes 
 originally ranged along the Columbia 
 river from the Cascades to The Dalles, 
 and whose languages are nearly identi- 
 cal, to designate a human as distin- 
 guished from an animal or other crea- 
 ture. Probably 'people' Is the nearest 
 word in English for It. After the com- 
 ing of the whites among them they 
 adopted the names 'Bostons, ' 'King 
 George,' 'Passieuks' (French), etc., re- 
 taining the word 'slwash' for applica- 
 tion to Indians. While undoubtedly the 
 Chinook Jargon was more or less of a 
 growth, yet I have been told by the 
 Wasco Indians that the language was 
 perfected and first written down by the 
 Catholic priests at the Dalles, and they 
 appear to have drawn quite freely from 
 the Wasco language in doing so.") "Out 
 of his canoe he is a fish out of water, 
 a sloth away from his natural sur- 
 roui^dings. He is like a seal on shore, 
 a duck on dry land, ungainly and awk- 
 ward." — The Siwash. 
 
 Skin, n. (Eng'UsIii-idem.) Skin; a skin; 
 leather; Iiide; pelt; fur; buckskin. Skin 
 BhoeH, — moccasins. Stick skin, — the bark 
 of a tree. Dly skin, — leather. 
 
 SkDO'-kum, or Skoo-koom, n., adj. (S). 
 (Chihalis,-Skukum. ) Strongr; a grhost; 
 an eyil spirit or demon; able; solid; po- 
 tent; powerful; vehement; tig-ht; violent; 
 toug-h. Example: Nika kuitan yaka 
 skookunv, — my horse is strong. Delate 
 hyas skookum, — omnipotent. Elip skoo- 
 kum, — strongeer. Elip skookum kopa 
 konotray, — strongest. Halo skookum, or 
 Wake yaka skookum, — feeble; frail; 
 flimsy; impotent; infirm; languid; ten- 
 der; unable; weak; wavering; decrepit. 
 Skookum tumtum (adj., n.), — audacious; 
 brave; bold; capable; daring; dauntless; 
 determined; earnest; Indomitable; reso- 
 lute; ' robust; sanguine; solid; valiant; 
 boldness; courage. Skookum chuck, — 
 swift water; a rapid. Skookum wawa, — 
 to beg; beseech; boast; chide; demand; 
 exhort; implore; plead; rebuke; scold; 
 screech: scream; shriek; hulloa; urge. 
 (Oth^ spellings: Skokoom, skukum, 
 shukum.) "Skookum Club," — name giv- 
 en to Democratic Club of Seattle; also 
 name of a famous brand of cigar. 
 
 Sla-hal, n. (C). (Shiuook,-Etlaltlal. ) 
 Gibbs says it is a g'ame played with 
 ten small disks, one of which is marked. 
 
 and mamook slahal, is to play the game, 
 or gamble with them; while others say 
 that they mean respectively a game and 
 to gamble, in general. ("In Twana the 
 word for the round disks is Jtahul; in 
 Nisqually, Iiahallab; in Clallam, Slehal- 
 lum; in Lower Chehalis, Ziahul; an^l in 
 Upper Chehalis, lal. For the gambling 
 bones it is slahal in Twana and Nisqual- 
 ly, and slehal in Clallam. Evidently on 
 account of the similarity of the words, 
 Slahal and Kabul, these words have been 
 confounded; mamook lahal being prop- 
 ertly to gamble with the disks; and ma- 
 mook slahal to gamble with the bones." 
 — Eells.) 
 
 Snass, n. (Quaere u. d.). Bain. (The 
 word is neither Chinook nor Chihalis, 
 and is perhaps manufactured.) Ex- 
 ample: Halo nika tikegh klatawa kopa 
 snass, — I do not wish to go in the rain. 
 Snass chako, — it is raining. Cole snass, 
 — snow. 
 
 Sol'-lekB, or Sah'-leks, n., adj. (Quaere 
 u. d.). Anirer; be ang'ry; malice; hate; 
 hatred; hostile; indignant; morose; mad; 
 sulky; sullen; be mad. Example: Ma- 
 mook soUeks, — to fight; resent; offend; 
 provoke. Tikeg'h soUeks, — to be hostile. 
 Knmtuks soUeks, — to be passionate. Ha- 
 lo soUeks, — meek; mild; pleasant. Yaka 
 byas soUeks, — he is very angry. Taka 
 soUeks kopa nika, — he is mad at me. 
 Chako soUeks, — to become angry; pro- 
 voked, or offended. Hyas soUeks, — furi- 
 ous; rabid; full of vengeance or rage; 
 very angry. Hiyu soUeks, — fury; rage; 
 vengeance. SoUeks wawa, — a quarrel; 
 growl. (Other spellings: Saliks, salix, 
 salllx, sallux, silex, soleks.) 
 
 So'-pe-na, v. (C). (Chinook.-T'sopena.) 
 To Jump; to leap; hop; skip; spring'. 
 
 Spose, conj. (English,-Suppose). If; 
 supposing'; that; provided that; in order 
 that. (Boas says it is more frequently 
 pronounced pos on the Columbia river; 
 and that pos in Chinook means if; so 
 that spose may be explained as due to 
 folk etymology on the part of the trad- 
 ers, or pos as folk etymology on the 
 part of the Chinook. — Gibbs.) (Other 
 spellings: Pos, pose, spos.) Example: 
 Spose m.ika nanitsh nika canim, — if you 
 see my canoe. Spose nika klatawa kopa 
 Chinook, — if or when I go to Chinook. 
 Xahkwa spose, — as if. (See Kloshe 
 spose.) Spose mika tikeg'h, nika klata- 
 wa, — if you wish I will go. Spose kopet 
 lakit tahtlum sun, Jesus yaka tike^h 
 klatawa kopa Sag'hale, — (literally) when 
 ended -four ten days, Jesus he would go 
 to H^Stven, — i. e., when the forty days 
 were ^nded. He desired to .ascend to 
 Heaven. "A conditional or suppositive 
 meaning is given to a sentence by the 
 words klonas, perhaps, and spose (from 
 the English 'suppose'), used rather in- 
 definitely. Ex.: mka kwass nika papa 
 klonas mlmaloose, — I fear my father 
 will die (lit., I afraid my father per- 
 
24 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 haps die). Spose mlka klatawa yahwa, 
 pe nika cliaco kalikwa, — if you will go 
 yonder, I will follow (lit., suppose you 
 go that way, then I come the same)." 
 "It will be noticed that these two con- 
 junctions form the only exceptions to 
 the rule that all the grammatical ele- 
 ments of the Jargon are derived from 
 the proper Chinook language. Only two 
 conjunctions, properly speaking, are 
 found in the language— pe, from the 
 French word pues, and spose." — Hale. 
 
 Stick, n., adj. (Eiig'Ush,-idem). A 
 stick; a tree; wood; wooden; vine; pole; 
 rod. Example: Stick skin, — bark. Ship 
 stick, — a mast. Mitwhit stick, — a stand- 
 ing tree. Icht stick, — a yard measure. 
 Stick shoes, — leather shoes or boots, as 
 distinguished from skin shoes or mocca- 
 sins. KiUl stick, — oak (hard wood). 
 Isiok stick, — the ash (paddle wood). 
 
 Stock'-en, n. (E). Stocking's or socks. 
 (The Twanas have adopted it into their 
 language as stah-kid. — Eells.) 
 
 Stoh, adj. (Cliinook,-idem). loose. Ex- 
 ample: Mamook stoh, — to untie; unloose; 
 undo. (Metaphorically, to absolve sins.) 
 
 Stone, n. (Englis]i,-idem). A rock or 
 stone; bone; horn; the testicles; flng'er 
 nail; boulder. Example: Stone chika- 
 min, — ore. Stone kiuatan, — a stallion. 
 Mahsh stone, — to castrate. Stone ilia- 
 hie, — a mountain. T'kope stone, — quartz; 
 any white stone. 
 
 Stote'-kin, adj. (C). (Chinook.-Stolct- 
 kin. ) Eight. Example: Tahtlum pe 
 stotekin, — eighteen. (Other spellings: 
 Istoiightkin; sothin; stog'htkin; stopekln; 
 Btoktkekin; stotkin.) 
 
 Stutch'-un, n. (English,-Sturgeon). 
 The Sturgeon. (Other spellings: Stuch- 
 uji, stutchin, stogheon, stogeon, stutshin, 
 sturgeon.) 
 
 Sun, n. (EngliBh,-idem). The sun; a 
 day. Example: Sun yaka waum alta, — 
 the sun is warm now. Okoke sun, — to- 
 day. Tahlkie sun, — yesterday. (Ikt tahl- 
 kle, — day before yesterday.) Tenas sun, 
 — early. Sitkum sun, — noon. Wake siah 
 sltkum sun, — almost noon. Ikt sun, — 
 Monday. Hlokst sun, — Tuesday. Klone 
 sun, — Wednesday. I^akit sun, — Thurs- 
 day. Kwinnum sun, — Friday. Taghum 
 sun, — Saturday; (formerly muckamuck 
 sun). Klip sun, — sunset. Elip sitkum 
 sun, — before noon; the forenoon. Kim- 
 tah sitkum sun, — after noon; the after- 
 noon. 
 
 Sun'-day, or Sante, h. (Engllsh,-idem). 
 Sunday; week. Example; Kloshe mika 
 chako kopa church house kopa Sunday, 
 — please to come to church on Sunday. 
 Sunday sail, — a flag, because formerly 
 on Sunday the flag was raised at the 
 Hudson's Bay Company's posts. Ikt Sun- 
 day, — a week. Hyas Sunday, — a holiday. 
 (A flag hoisted on a particular occasion 
 is sometimes also called Sunday. The 
 other days of the week are usually 
 
 counted from this; as, Icht, Mokst, Klone 
 sun kopet Sunday,— one, two, three days 
 after Sunday. Saturday used to be 
 called at the Hudson's Bay Company's 
 posts "muckamuck sun", — food day, as 
 the one on which the rations were is- 
 sued.)— Gibbs. (Eells gives: "Hyas Sun- 
 day, — a holiday, as Fourth of July: 
 Christmas. Mokst Sunday,— a fortnight. 
 Ikt Sunday, — a week; but the word week 
 is rapidly taking its place.") 
 
 T 
 
 Tagh'-um, To'-hum, or Tugh'-um, adj. 
 (C). (Chinook,-Takhum; Cowlitz,-Tuk- 
 hum; Kwantlen.-Tukhum ; Selish,-Tak- 
 kan.) Six. Example: Tahtlum pe tag- 
 hum, — sixteen. Taghum tahtlum, — sixty. 
 Taghum tukamonuk, — 600. (Other spell- 
 ings: Taghkum; taham; tahkhum; ta- 
 hom; tahum; tohhum; tuchum; tughh- 
 kam.) (Clallam, — T'hung. Upper Ohe- 
 halis, — Tahum. ) — Eells. 
 
 Tahl-kie, or Tahnl-kie, adv. (C). (Chi- 
 nook,-Tanlki.) TTesterday. Example: 
 Yaka chako tahlkie, — he came yesterday. 
 Tahlkie sun, — yesterday. Icht tahlkie, — 
 day before yesterday. "Talki sun, — yes- 
 terday. Mox talki sun, — day before yes- 
 terday. Tomollah, — tomorrow. Talki 
 moon, — last month. Talki waum illahee, 
 — last summer. Talki cole illahee, — last 
 winter." — Buchanan. (Other spellings: 
 Tahnkie; talke; talki; tanke; tanilkey; 
 tantki; tanlke.) 
 
 Taht'-lum, or Taht'-le-lum, or Tot'-le- 
 lum, adj. (C). (Chinook.-Tatlelum.) Ten. 
 (The combinations from this are simple.) 
 Example: Moxt, klone, &c., Tahtlum, sig- 
 nifying twenty, thirty, &c. ; Tahtlum pe 
 icht, &c., eleven, twelve, &c. ; tahtlum- 
 tahtlum, one hundred. (Other snellings: 
 Eattathlelum; tahtelum; tahtil-ii; tart- 
 lum; tatlelam; tatlelom; tattelu;n; taugh- 
 lelum; tohtleum; totlum.) 
 
 T'al-a-pus, n. (C). (Chinook,-Italipas; 
 Vakima,-Telipa (Pandosy). The coyote 
 or prairie wolf. A sort of deity or super- 
 natural being, prominent in Indian mytli- 
 ology. A sneak. Eells gives, "Hyas 
 opoots talapuB, — same as Talapus. Some 
 give Talapus as Coyote or Prairie Wolf 
 and Hyas opoots talapus as Fox. and 
 some exactly the reverse, custom prob- 
 ably 'being different according to lo- 
 cality.") 
 
 Ta-mah-no-UB, n. (C). (Chinook.-Iti- 
 manawas.) A sort of gnardian or famil- 
 iliar spirit; magic; luck; fortune; any- 
 thing supernatural; the spirits; a ghost; 
 goblin; idol; witch. "A name applied to 
 anything the Indians cannot understand. 
 A Tah-mah-na-'wis man is a doctor, 
 priest, conjurer, and fortune-teller, a 
 dealer in magic and a maker and de- 
 
AND now TO USE IT. 
 
 25 
 
 stroyer of charms for good and evil, all 
 in the same personage." — Phillips. 
 ("One's particular forte is said to be his 
 Tamalmous.") — Gibbs. Example: Ma- 
 moolc tamahnouB, — to conjure; "make 
 medicine." Masajicliie tamalinous, — 
 witchcraft or necromancy. Mr. Ander- 
 son restricts the true meaning of the 
 word to conjuring. Halo yaka mltlite 
 tamahuous, — he has no guardian spirit. 
 " 'Klale Tali-mali-iia-wis,' the name of 
 the secret society of black magic." — 
 Phillips. "There were four kinds of ta- 
 mahu-a-wlBi sometimes spelled ta-mahn- 
 o-us, or spirit practices in vogue among 
 the TwansLs as there were among the 
 great family of Selish Indians in Wash- 
 ington. The word ta-mahn-a-'wls may 
 be and was used in the sense of a noun, 
 an adjective or a verb. As a noun it 
 means any kind of a spirit in the spirit 
 world from the Salig'-lia-Iie Tyee, or 
 supreme being, to the klail ta-mahn-a- 
 wls, or devil, literally, black spirit. As 
 an adjective a ta-malm-a-wis stick, 
 stone, person, etc., is a thing or indi- 
 vidual with a ta-malm-a-wis or spirit 
 either of good or evil in it. As a verlj 
 It is used in the sense of invoking the 
 aid of spirits, as 'm.a]i-mok ta-matan-a- 
 wls.' The four kinds of ta-mabn-a-wis 
 of the Indians of the Twana tribe at 
 least are: The 'ta-m.alm-a-wls over the 
 sick,' the incantations of the medicine 
 men; the 'red ta-malm-a-wis,' the 'black 
 ta-malma-wis,' and the 'spixit land ta- 
 mahn-a-wlB.' The sick ta-mahn-a-wis 
 was only practiced for the healing of 
 the sick. The red, or pill ta-malm-a-wis, 
 was an assembling together, an invoca- 
 tion, in short, of the spirits for a good 
 season the following summer. It lasted 
 three or four days and consisted of sing- 
 ing, dancing, the beating of tom-toms, 
 drums and the decoration of the face 
 and limbs and body invariably with 
 streaks and spots of red paint. The 
 black, or klail ta-malm-a-wiSi was the 
 free masonry of the Twanas and was 
 without doubt the one great religion of 
 all religious practices among them. It 
 was a secret society to a very large 
 extent, and none but the initiated were 
 ever permitted to have anything to do 
 with it. Masks made in rude imitation 
 of the wolf head were used, and these 
 were called shway-at-slio-sin. The prac- 
 tice of the spirit land ta-malm-a-wis 
 was associated with or founded on a 
 very pretty myth believed in by the old 
 Twanas to the effect that a year or two 
 perhaps before an Indian died he or she 
 lost his or her spirit. Spirits from other 
 places, always from below, would visit 
 the Indian and, quite unaware to the 
 person, would take and carry off the 
 spirit and sail with it to their abiding 
 place, there to hold it in captivity un- 
 less released by spirits from this life. 
 The theory of the medicine ta-malm-a- 
 
 wis is that when a person is sick some 
 evil spirit has taken possession of the 
 body, sometimes more than one evil 
 spirit, and of different kinds. It was 
 always the duty of the ta-malm-a-wis 
 doctors to find out what kind of a spirit 
 had entered the body, and then by in- 
 cantation and ceremony to drive it out." 
 — The Siwash. "The Twana or Skoko- 
 misli tribe," pp. 32-40. Ta-mahn-a-wis 
 rattles, — made out of deer hoofs, bear 
 and beaver teeth, etc. (Other ways of 
 spelling: Tamahnawas, tam.almawis, 
 tam.almowus, tamanawas, tamanoaz, ta- 
 manous, tomaliuawos, tom.auawoB,) 
 
 Ta-m.o'-litsli, or Ta-mow'-Utsh, n. (C). 
 (Cluiiook.-Tamulitsh (Anderson) ; Vaka- 
 ma,-Tamolitsh (Pandosy). A tub; bar- 
 rel; bucket; cask; keg-. Example: Chuck 
 m.itlite kopa tamolltsli, — water is in the 
 barrel. Icht tamolitsli, — a bushel meas- 
 ure. (Other ways of spelling: Tamoo- 
 lidgre, tamolich, tamolich, tamolltcli, ta- 
 moluck, tamoolitcli, tamulidge.) 
 
 Tanse, v., n. (Eng-Ush.-Danoe.) To 
 dance. Example: Hiyn tanse alta, — there 
 is much dancing now. 
 
 Te-ali'wit, n. (O). (Chlnook.-Tiawi; 
 Clatsop,-Klaawlt). Tlie leg-; the foot. 
 (Differentiate by gesture). Example: 
 Klatawa teahwit, — to go on foot; to 
 walk; Klook teawit, — I^ame. (Other 
 ways of spelling: Teeahnute, tearwit, 
 teawhit, teiawit, teouit.) 
 
 Ta-toos'h, To-toos'h, n. (Chippeway,. 
 Totosh (Schoolcraft.) "Tatoosh from 
 Cree or Otcip^re. The cognate words are: 
 Cree (Lacombe) totosim, ' mammelle, 
 pis.' Otcipwe (Baraga) totosli,-breast, 
 dug, udder; Alg-onkin (Cuoq), totoc, 
 'mammelle.' " — Chamberlain. The breasts 
 of a female; milk, bosom; breast; teat; 
 udder. Example: Kloshe tatoosh, — 
 cream. Tatoosh lakles, — butter. Ta- 
 toosh g-leese, — butter. Eells says the 
 word milk is taking its place. (Tatoosh 
 I^ight House, Tatoosh Island and Ta- 
 toosh, near Cape Flattery, Clallam Coun- 
 ty, Wash.) irOTE: The words of a 
 Alg-onkian origin which are to be found 
 in the vocabulary of Chinook, as given 
 by the authorities, are consequently: 
 Xinnikinuik, pielpishemo, mitass, Siski- 
 you, totoosh, wapatoo. Regarding the 
 etymology of these loan-words, the fol- 
 lowing may be said: Xinni-kinnik. De- 
 rived directly or indirectly from Otcipwe. 
 The cognates are Otcipwe (Baraga). 
 Kiniglnigre, 'I am mixing together some- 
 thing of diffirent kinds.' (Cuoq) kinik- 
 inisre, (meler ensemble des choses de 
 nature differente.' The radical is seen in 
 Alg-onkin (Cuoq) kinika, 'pele-mele' — 
 Cree, Kiyekaw. (See supplemental vo- 
 cabulary). I^epishimo. This word evi- 
 dently consists of the French article le 
 and a radical [al pishemo. This latter 
 apishamon, 'anything to lie on; a bed: 
 corresponds to the Otcipwe (Baraga) 
 
26 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 apishemo, 'I am lying on something.' 
 Compare tlie Western Americanism 
 aplBliaiiioxe which Bartlett (Diet, of 
 Americanism, 1877) thus defines: Apisb- 
 amore (Chippeway, apislianioii). Any- 
 thing to lie down on: a bed. A saddle- 
 hlanket made of buffalo-calf skins, much 
 used on the prairies." Mitass, Directly 
 or indirectly (through French-Canadian) 
 from Otcipve or Cree. The cognate 
 words are: Otcipwe (Baraga) mldass: 
 Aleronkin (Cuoq), mitas; Cree (Dacombe) 
 mitas. The word exists in Canadian- 
 French in the form of mitasse. Dr. 
 Pranz Boas kindly informs me that 
 "legging" in Chinook and Clatsop is 
 Imetas. (See supplemental vocabulary.) 
 Siskiyou. Though this word is assigned 
 a Cree origin by Mr. Gibbs, its etymology 
 is very uncertain. Blackfoot sakhslu, 
 "short" and Cree klskikkuttew, "he cuts 
 in two" offer themselves for comparison, 
 but with no certainty" — CtaambeTlain. 
 TsMs-kl-yu, sky, is given by Tolmie and 
 Dawson in "Comparative Vocabularies of 
 the Indian Tribes of British Columbia" 
 — S3 B. (64, sky) Aht. (Kaiookwaht) — 
 Shaw. Wappatoo, under proper order in 
 main alphabet, (q. v.) Papoose. Another 
 word may be added to this list, viz., 
 paptis (papoose) — child. This word is 
 used by the speakers of Chinook in East- 
 ern British Columbia. The Algonkin 
 origin of the word has been disputed by 
 some, but there is every reason to be- 
 lieve that it is connected with the root 
 seen in the Massachusetts papeissiosu 
 (Eliot) — ^'he is very small.; peisses 
 (Eliot) 'child'; pe-u (Eliot) 'it is small.' 
 From this root there seems little doubt 
 that the word papoos or papoose found 
 in Roger Williams, and In Wood ("New 
 England Prospect") has been derived, as 
 Dr. Trumbull has pointed out. These 
 words were all heard by the writer in 
 Western British Columbia in the summer 
 of 1891. Siskiyou was not heard and is 
 probably obsolescent." — Alexander Fran- 
 cis Chamlierlain, "Words of Algonkian 
 origin (in the Chinook Jargon), in Sci- 
 ence, Vol. 18, pp. 260-261. 1891. 
 
 Ten'-as, or Tan'as, n.. ad], (N). (Noot- 
 ka,-Tanas; Tokwaht.-Tenes.) Small; 
 few; little; a clilld; tbe young' of any 
 animal. 'Petty; slig'lit; pappoose; baby; 
 a mite. Example: Tenas snow cbako, — 
 a little snow has come. Chako tenas^ — 
 to decrease; diminish; lessen; become 
 less. Hyas tenas, — very small. liamook 
 tenas, — to decrease; diminish; lessen. 
 Tenas ^ahnkuttie, — lately; recently. 
 Tenas biyn, — a few; some; several. Ten- 
 as hiyu t^mes, — sometimes. Tenas laly, 
 — an interval; a short time. Tenas 
 mahsli, — to move. Tenas polaklie, — 
 evening; twilight; sunset; dusk; eve. 
 Tenas yaka tenas, — a grand child. Mokst 
 nlka tenas, — I have two children. Tenas 
 
 yaka tenas man, — a grandson. (Jewitt 
 gives Tanassis for a child in Nootka.) 
 Cbikchik kopa tenas, — a wagon for a 
 child: a baby carriage. (Other ways of 
 spelling: Tanarse, tanas, tanass, tanaz, 
 tunas, tunass.) 
 
 Thousand, adj. (Bng-lisli,-iaem). 
 
 (Thousand is either represented by the 
 words talitlum tukamonuk, — ten hun- 
 dred — or by the word Thousand. — Eells.) 
 Example: Hiyu tillikums mitlite, klonas 
 kunjih thousand, — many people are here, 
 perhaps many thousand. 
 
 Tik-eg-h, or Tiky, v. (C). (Chinook,- 
 tikekh). To want; wish; love; like; 
 choose; pick. "To want, to desire, — 
 in all shades of meaning and intensity 
 from simple desire or want to amorous 
 and even lustful desire; also, therefore, 
 to love. Also, what one should or ought 
 to want to do, as mika ticky muckamuck 
 mika lametsin, — you must take your 
 medicine. lAika halo ticky smoke, — you 
 must not smoke, mika halo ticky wawa 
 kahkwa kopa nika, — you must not speak 
 like that to me." — Buchanan. "The fu- 
 ture, in the sense of 'about to,' 'ready 
 to,' is sometimes expressed by tikegrh, 
 which means properly to wish or desire. 
 ITika papa tikeerh mimaloose, — my fath- 
 er is near dying, or about to die." — 
 Hale. Example : Okoke sun nika tikegh 
 wuwa, — this day I will speak. Hyas 
 tikeg-h, — to long for. Ikta mika tikeerh? 
 — what do you want? Taka tikeg-h dolla, 
 — he wants money. Nika tikegh nika 
 klootchman, — I love my wife. Delate 
 halo tikeg-h, — to loathe. Blip tikegh, — 
 to prefer; choose; rather. Halo tikegh, 
 — averse; dislike; unwilling. Tikegh 
 kumtuks, — to enquire; to wish to know. 
 (Other spellings: Takeh; teke; takeigh; 
 tickey; tikeh; tiki; tikke; tikky; t'keh; 
 treh; tukegh.) 
 
 TU'-i-kum, or tllakum, n. (C). (Chl- 
 nook,-tilikhum). People; relations; rela- 
 tives; associate; family; folks; friends; 
 kin; kindred; band; tribe; fellow nation; 
 population; person. (Applied generally, 
 it means those who are not chiefs. It 
 is also used to signify a tribe or band.) 
 Bxample: Cultus tilikum, — common or 
 insignificant persons. Huloima tilikum, 
 — strangers. Nika tilikum, — my rela- 
 tions. 'S'aka klatawa kopa yaka tilU- 
 kums, — he has gone to his people. Ahn- 
 kuttie tilikums, — ancestors; forefathers. 
 Eells gives "Nika tilikums, — mv friends; 
 my relations; so when preceded by the 
 other pronouns, as mika, mesika, nesika, 
 klaska, yaka, it has reference to friends 
 or relations. Hiyu tilikums, — a crowd; 
 a throng. (Other spellings: Telikom; 
 tekum; tilacnm; tilecum; tilicum; telli- 
 kum; tiUikums (pi.); tillieum; tillo- 
 chcum.) 
 
 Til'-l-kum-ma-ma, n. (C). (ChSnook,- 
 Tlkamama). A father. (The word is 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 27 
 
 not in use in Jargon. — Hale.) 
 
 Till, or Tull, adj., n. (Bnglish.-Tire). 
 Tired; heavy; weight; a weigbt; a pound; 
 fatig-ue. Example: Kanslh till okook, — 
 how much does that weigh? Mamook 
 till, — to weigh. Wake till, — light (not 
 heavy). Mamook till tnmtum, — to trou- 
 ble. Wake slah mimoluse kopa till, — 
 exhausted. Nika liyas till, — I am very 
 tired. Cliako till, — to become tired; 
 fagged. 
 
 Tln'-tln, n. (By onoma). A bell; an 
 hour; a musical instrument. "When ap- 
 plied to a clock It means when the bell 
 rings, that is on the hour — therefore it 
 means hour or o'clock." — Buchanan. Ex- 
 ample: lOamook tintin, — to ring a bell. 
 Kunjih tintin alta? — what time is it 
 now? (Among the Indians round the 
 Hudson Bay Company's posts, the hours 
 were thus known; as, Mokst tintin kopet 
 sltkiuu sun, two hours, i. e., two bells 
 after noon.) "Ikt tintin, one hour or 
 one o'clock. The same word also refers 
 to a church bell and any kind of bell, as 
 well as the sound produced by it." — 
 Buchanan. EUp tahkum tintin, — before 
 six o'clock. Ximtah tahkum tintin, — aft- 
 er six o'clock. Tahkum tintin, — six 
 o'clock; six hours. Wake siah tahkum 
 tlntlu, — almost six o'clock; not far away 
 from six o'clock. 
 
 T'kope, adj. (Chinook,-ldem ) . White; 
 llg'ht-colored. Example: Okoke pish- 
 pish yaka t'kope, — that cat is white. 
 T'kope tiUkums, — white people. (Other 
 spellings: Tecope; teecoop; tekop; te- 
 kope; t'koop; la coope.) 
 
 Tlehl. (See Klale). 
 
 Tl'kope, V. (Chinook,-idem). To cut; 
 hew; chop. Example: alamo ok tl'hop, — 
 to out; mow. Tl'kop ooakut, — to sup- 
 plant (to cut one's road). (W. W. — but 
 is being superseded rapidly by the word 
 cut. — Eells. 
 
 Toh, or Tooh. (By onoma). Ilamook 
 toh, — to spit. (A manufactured word). 
 
 T'oke-tle, adj. (Kalapuya). Pretty. 
 (Not in common use.) 
 
 To'-lo, V. (Kalapuya). To earn; to 
 win at a er^nie; to g'ain; control; con- 
 vince; manag'e; defeat; overcome; over- 
 throw; prevail; profit; prosper; subdue; 
 subject; succeed; triumph. Example: 
 Kanslh doUa nika tola spose mamook? — 
 How many dollars will I earn if I work? 
 'Z'aka tolo mokst dollar, — he earned two 
 dollars. Nika tolo, — I succeeded. Nika 
 tolo yaka, — I prevailed over him. Wawa 
 pe tolo, — to persuade. 
 
 To'-luks, n. (Clallam,-Toyuk). The 
 mussel. (Used on Puget Sound only.) 
 
 To-mol-la, adv. (Enjrlish.-to-morrow). 
 To-morrow. Ikt tomolla, or kopet to- 
 molla, — day after to-morrow. 
 
 To-wa'jrh, adj. (C). Chinook,-Tow- 
 akh). Brigrht; shining; lig'ht. 
 
 Tsee, adj. (Chlnook,-idem). Sweet. 
 
 Tsee'pie, v., adj. (Kalapuya). To miss 
 
 a mark; to mistake one's road; to make a 
 blunder in speaking; to err or blunder; 
 deceive; false; Illusive; deceitful. Ex- 
 ample: Okoke tseepie mamook, — that is 
 a deceitful deed. Tseepie ooakut, — to 
 take a wrong road. Mamook tseepie, — 
 to delude; dissemble; fool; deceive; mis- 
 take; (not quite so strong as Felton or 
 Xllminawhlt — Eells.) Tseepie lalang, — 
 a slip of the tongue. Tseepie mamook, — 
 a trick. Tseepie wawa, — to mispro- 
 nounce. 
 
 Tshl'-ke, adv. (Quaere u. d.) Direct- 
 ly; soon. (Not jargon.) — Hale. 
 
 Tsi-at-ko, n. (S), (Chlhalis, Nlsqual- 
 ly, etc.,-idem; Clatsop,-Bchiatku). (A 
 nocturnal demon, much feared by the 
 Indians. The Skaglts give this name to 
 the "Couteaux," a tribe of Indians on 
 Prazer River, of whom they stand in 
 like awe. — Gibbs.) 
 
 Tsik'-tsik, or Tchlk tchik, n. (By 
 onoma.) (See Chik-chik.) A wagon; 
 a cart; a wheel. Example: Tslktslk 
 wayhut, — a wagon-road. 
 
 Tsugh, n., v. (Chinook,-idem). A crack 
 or split. Mamook isugh, — to split. Cha- 
 ko teugli, — to become split or cracked, 
 as by the heat of the sun. Mamook 
 tsugh iUahie, is by some used instead 
 of klugh, for to plough. 
 
 Tuk-a-mo'-nnk, or Tak-a-mo'-nak, adj. 
 (C). (Chlnook,-Itakamonak.) A hun- 
 dred. It is, like ten, combined with the 
 digits; as, icht, moxt, klone takamonak, 
 — one hundred, two hundred, three hun- 
 dred, &c. Kyas tukamonuk, or tahtlum 
 tukamonak, — a thousand. (Other spell- 
 ings: Ethacamunack; tacomonak; taka- 
 monuk; takamunak.) 
 
 Tum'-tum, n., v. (By onoma., from the 
 pulsations of the heart. (Anderson). The 
 heart; the will; opinion; Intellect; Inten- 
 tion; estimate; memory; mind; opinion; 
 plan; purpose; reason; soul; spirit; sur- 
 mise; thought; will. (Tumtum, — as a 
 verb — To think, to will, to believe, to 
 know. As a noun — Thought, will, belief, 
 mind, opinion, knowledge, heart.) — Bu- 
 chanan. Example: Mahsh tumtum, — to 
 give orders (Gb). Mamook tumtum, — to 
 make up one's mind; decide; design; 
 muse; account; contemplate; think; plan. 
 Mamook kloshe tumtum, — to make 
 friends or peace. Sick tnmtum, — grief; 
 jealousy. Moxt tumtum nika, — I am un- 
 decided, i. e., I have two wills. Q. Kah 
 neslka klatawa? — where shall we go? A. 
 Mlka tumtum, — wherever you please; as 
 you will. Ikta mlka tumtum? — what do 
 you think? Halo 'tumtum, — without a 
 will of one's own, as a child. The heart 
 seems to be generally regarded as the 
 seat of the mind or will. Iskum kopa 
 tumtum, — to believe. Klap tumtum, — to 
 decide; recollect; remember. Mahsh tum- 
 tum, — to forget, (Eells). Mamook tum- 
 tum ellp, — to anticipate. Mltllte kloshe 
 tumtum kopa, — to admire. Skookum turn- 
 
28 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 tnm, — bold; boldness; brave; capable; 
 audacious; courage; determined; earnest. 
 Kalilcnra uika tniutnm, — so I think. Blind 
 kopa tiuutum, — Ignorant. Chako kloslie 
 tumtiun, — to be delighted or reconciled. 
 Chako sick tumtum, — to repent; repine; 
 become sorry or sad. Delate liyas sick 
 tumtum, — agony. Heehee tumtiun — jolly. 
 Halo iskum kopa tumtum, — to disbelieve; 
 unbelief. Yutl tumtum, — glad spirits; 
 happy spirits; proud spirits; rejoice, etc.; 
 glad heart; happy heart, etc. (Tumtum, 
 — Heart, mind, will, opinion, belief, spirit 
 — the animal spirits, not supernatural 
 ones — mood, etc. Marsh tumtum, — to 
 cast out of mind, — i. e., to forget. Ma- 
 mook kloshe tumtum, — to make or to 
 cause good feeling.) — Buchanan. Halo 
 klap tumtum, — to be puzzled; undecided. 
 Halo proua tumtum, — lowly; humble. 
 Halo sick tumtum kopa yaka nesacbie, — 
 Impenitent. Halo skookum tumtum, — ir- 
 resolute: cowardly; not brave. Halo tum- 
 tum, — dull; thoughtless. Halo tumtum 
 kahkwa, — to disagree; disbelieve. Hyas 
 tumtum, — pompous. Kloslie kopa nika 
 tumtum, — beloved, mamook tumtum ko- 
 pa Taooli or papah, — to study. IMUtlite 
 kloshe tumtum, — to be contented; de- 
 lighted; to enjoy. DOitlite kopa tumtum, 
 — to remember; recollect. Nika tumtum 
 halo yaka chako kahkv'a, — unexpected; 
 chance; an accident. Wake kopet tum- 
 tum, — to remember. "Weg-ht mamook 
 tumtum, — to reconsider. 
 
 Tum-wa'-ta, n. (Tum, by onoma. ; Engr- 
 lish. Water). A waterfall, cascade or 
 cataract. (Lewis and Clarke give Timm 
 as used by the Indians above The Dalles 
 of the Columbia in directing them to 
 the falls.) Under the spelling of Tum- 
 water it is the name of a place in Thurs- 
 ton County, Wash. 
 
 Tup'-shln or Tip'-siu, v. (S). (Chiha- 
 lis,-Tupshin.) A KTeedle. Mamook tip- 
 sin, — to sew; to mend; to patch. 
 
 Tup-so, or Tip'-so, n. (C). (Chinook,- 
 Tepso.) A leaf; grass; leaves; fring-e; 
 feathers; fur; hair. Often but incor- 
 rectly employed for 'S'akso, — hair. Ex- 
 ample: Tipso illahle, — prairie. Sely tip- 
 so, — hay. Xlosh tupso, — flowers; bios* 
 soms; pansy; violet; rose. Tupso kopa 
 latet, — hair. Tupso kopa seahost, — 
 bread. 
 
 Ty'-ee, n., adj. (N). (lIootka,-Taiyi; 
 Tyee (Jewitt). A chief; g-entleman; offi- 
 cer; superior; hoss; foreman; manager; 
 Indian ag'ent; king'; emperor; president. 
 (Anything' of superior order.) Example: 
 Saghalle tyee, — the Deity. Tyee salmon, 
 ■ — the spring salmon. (Tyon is given by 
 some of the northwestern voyagers as 
 the Eskimo appellation for chief.) Kah- 
 kwa tyee, — kingly; aristocratic Tyee 
 kopa 'Washinglion, — the President of the 
 United States. (Other spellings: Tal; 
 tail; tie; tye; tyeyea; tyhee.) Tyee court, 
 — supreme court. Tyee klootchman, — 
 
 empress; queen; matron of an Indian 
 school; a woman of authority. Tyee kopa 
 newspaper, — an editor. Tyee kopa town, 
 — a mayor. Tyee salmon, — spring sal- 
 mon. 
 
 Tznm, or T'ss-znm, or Tsum, n., adj. 
 (Chinook,-idem). Mixed colors; spots or 
 stripes; a mark or fig'ure; writing; paint; 
 painted; picture. Example: Ifaka tzum 
 kopa yaka stick "S", — his brand on his 
 logs is "S." Klale chuck kopa mamook 
 tzum, — ink. Mamook tzum, — to write; 
 print; stamp; stain; paint: dye; mark; 
 record; copy; subscribe; indite; endorse; 
 engrave. Tzum illahle, — blazed or sur- 
 veyed land. Tzum seahost, — photograph; 
 profile; postage stamps. Tzum stick, — a 
 lead pencil; a pen. Tzum pish, — a spot- 
 ted fish, the trout. "When the letter T' 
 is followed by the apostrophe, as above, 
 the sound of the T is 'tiss' as nearly as 
 it can be written, thus making a syllable 
 of itself, as tiss-so-lo, for t'solo." — Phil- 
 lips. 
 
 w 
 
 'Wagh, v. (C). (Chinook,-wakh.) To 
 pour; to spill; to vomit. 
 
 ■Wake, adv. (N). (XTootka, — wik; Tok- 
 ■waht, — wek.) No; not; none; the nega- 
 tive. See Halo. Example: 'Wake nika 
 kumtuks, — I do not understand. Wake 
 delate kopa nanitch, — indistinct: indis- 
 tinguishable. "Wake klaksta, — none; no- 
 body. "Wake hiyu, — few; insufficient; 
 lacking; rare; scarce; seldom; scant; 
 scanty; deficient. 'Wake kloshe, — mean; 
 unkind; improper; inconvenient; untrust- 
 worthy; nasty; naughty; wrong. Wake 
 siah, — not far; near; almost adjoining. 
 ■Wake kloshe kopa mahkook, — unsalable. 
 ■Wake siah kopa, — about; around; by. 
 ■Wake siah yahwa, — thereabouts. ■Wake 
 skookum, — feeble; flimsy; frail; languid: 
 impotent; infirm; tender; delicate; un- 
 able; wavering; weak. ■Wake skookum 
 kopa, — impossible; unable; inability. 
 ■Wake skookum tumtum, — irresolute. 
 ■Wake wawa, — dumb; mum; mute. Note. 
 — "Many of the Jargon words, though en- 
 tirely different, yet sound so much alike 
 when quickly spoken, that a stranger is 
 apt to get deceived; and I have known 
 persons who did not well understand the 
 Jargon get angry with an Indian, think- 
 ing he had said something entirely dif- 
 ferent from what he actually did. The 
 words wake, no, and 'wicht, directly or 
 after, sound as pronounced, very similar. 
 Chako, hiac, chako, — come quick! come, 
 said a settler one day to an Indian who 
 was very busy. ■Wlcht nika chako, — I 
 will come directly, said the Indian. But 
 the white man understood him to say, 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 29 
 
 Wake nika chako, — I will not come, con- 
 sequently got angry. You don't under- 
 stand Indian talk; I did not say I would 
 not come, said the Indian. If he had 
 said Warwitika, yes, the white man 
 would have understood." — Judge Swan. 
 CWicht means, ag'ain, also, more, the 
 word Is also spelled wegiit, wagt, weht, 
 weli't, weltch, weqt, and wouglit.) — Shaw. 
 
 Wap'-pa-too, or wap'-a-to, n. (Quaere 
 n. d.) Tlie root of the Sag'itaxia sagrltti- 
 folla, which forms an article of food. 
 The potato. "Chamberlain says, 'from 
 Cree or Otolpwe. The cognate words 
 are: Cree (Lacombe) wapatow, 'cham- 
 pignon blanc;' Otclpwe (Baraga), waba- 
 do, "rhubarb," Algonkin (cuoq) wabato, 
 'rhubarbe du Canada.' It is in all prob- 
 ability a derivative from the root wap — 
 (wab), 'white.'") "The word is neither 
 Chinook nor Chihalis. but is everywhere 
 in common use." — Gibbs. Eells says: 
 "Since the introduction of the potato 
 the latter has been called wapato, and 
 the former slwash waptao." (Other 
 spellings: Wapatoe; wahpitto; wapetu; 
 wappato; wappatoe; wappatoo.) 
 
 Wash, V. (Eiiglish,-idem.) Example: 
 Mamook wash, — to wash. Iskum wash, 
 — to be baptized. 
 
 Washington, n. (I!)- Congress; the 
 City of Washiugiiou; the Indian Depart- 
 ment at Washing1;on. Example: Wash- 
 ington potlatoh law kopa nesika, — may 
 mean that congress has made a law 
 for us, or that the Indian Department 
 has done so. 
 
 Waum, adj. (E). Warm. Example: 
 Okoke sun yaka "waum, — today is warm. 
 Waum illahee, — summer. Hyas waum, 
 — hot. Waum sick, cole sick, — fever 
 and ague. 
 
 Wawa, or wau-wau, v. n. (N). (Noot- 
 ka, mttinat, — wawe. — (Jibbs. Chinook, 
 — awawa. — Boas.) To talk; speak; call; 
 ask; tell; answer; enc^uire; declare; sa- 
 lue; announce; talk or conversation; con- 
 verse; apply; articulate; alle?e; assert; 
 blab; gab; chatter; communicate; argue; 
 gossip; demand; discuss; express; ex- 
 claim; hint; interrogate; lecture; men- 
 tion ;' narrate ; proclaim; profess; pro- 
 pose; question; relate; remark; report; 
 reauest; say; solicit; messasre; an anec- 
 dote; exclamation; oration; legend; 
 cLuestion; tale; sennon; speech; voice; 
 harangue; inauire; jabber; mutter; su^- 
 vlicate; declamation; mandate; narra- 
 tive; precept. Example: Ikta mi>a 
 wawa? — what did you say? Delate 
 wawa, — to promise; aver; a fact; truth. 
 Hiyu kloshe wawa, — cheer. Hiyu wawa, 
 — clamor; argument; much talk; to 
 argue; acclaim. Kilapie wawa, — to an- 
 .swer; reply, Kloshe wawa, — a proverb; 
 good talk. Kumtuks wawa, — to be elo- 
 n'lent. Mahsh wawa. — to order: to give 
 orders; command. (Also to disobey, i. e.. 
 
 to throw away the talk as well as to 
 throw the talk at a person. — Eells.) 
 Fotlatch wawa, — to speak; make a 
 speech. Fotlatch skooknm wawa, — to 
 beg; beseech; boast; chide; demand; ex- 
 hort; plead; roar; shriek; rebuke; re- 
 prove; implore; exclaim; scold. Cultus 
 wawa, — idle talk; stuff; nonsense. Hyas 
 wauwau, — to shout; boast; talk loud; 
 loud talk. Wawa halo, — to deny; de- 
 cline; object; refuse. Wawa klimina- 
 whit, — to lie; tell a falsehood. Wawa 
 kloshe, — to bless; speak well"; recom- 
 mend. Wawa kloshe chako, — to invite; 
 call. Wawa kloshe wawa, — to eulogize; 
 bless. Wawa kopa, — to accost. Wawa 
 kopa Saghalie Tyee, — to pray; worshio; 
 invoke; prayer. Wawa kopet, — be still. 
 Wawa uawitka, — to acknowledge; allow; 
 assent; consent; permit. 
 
 Wayhut, Hwehkut, or Weehnt, — see 
 Ooakut. 
 
 Week, n. (E). A week. "It is steadily 
 taking the place of Sunday for week, 
 though I seldom heard it eighteen years 
 ago." — Eells. 
 
 Weght, adv. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) 
 Again; also; more. Ex.: Pe nika weght, 
 — and I too. Pahtlatsh weght, — give me 
 some more. Tenas weght, — a little more 
 yet. Weght nika klatawa, — again I will 
 go. Weght chako, — to reassemble. 
 Weght klatawa boat, (or ship), — to re- 
 embark. Weght klatawa Sagh-alie. — to 
 remount. Weght mamook tumtum, — to 
 reconsider. 
 
 Win'-a-pie, adv. (»). (Nootka; Nitti- 
 nat,-wilapi. ) By-and-bye; presently; 
 wait. Of local use; the Chinook "alki" 
 being more common. 
 
 Wind, or Win, n. (English,-idem). 
 Wind; breath; air; atmosphere. (The 
 winds are often known by the country 
 from which they blow; as, for instance, 
 on the Columbia, an easterly is a Walla- 
 walla wind; at the mouth of the river, 
 a southerly is a Tilamooks wind. &c.) 
 See Chinook wind. Breath, Examvle: 
 Salo wind, — out of breath; dead. Wind 
 yaka skookum alta, — the wind is very 
 strong now. Mahsh konoway yaka wind. 
 — to die; dead. Kitlite wind, — to be 
 alive; to have breath. . Wake siah mahsh 
 yaka wind, — almost dead. Wind chako, 
 to blow. Wind chako halo, — to stop 
 blowing, 
 
 Y 
 
 ■yah'-ka, Ya'-ka, or Tok'-ka, pron. (C). 
 (Chinook,- Yaka.) He; his; him; she; it; 
 hers; its; him; her. (Anything pertain- 
 ing to tlie third person, singular num- 
 ber.) The word ya^a is aften used 
 somewhat tautologically, as, — Instead of 
 
30 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 saying, — Okoke kiutan t'tope, — the horse 
 (is) white, the expression would be, — 
 OlEoke kiutan yaka t'kope, — the horse, it 
 (is) white. This use of yaka is very 
 common. — Eells. Example: Yaka klata- 
 wa, — he has gone. Hanitch yaka, — see 
 him. Okoke yaka kuitaa, — that, is his 
 horse. Kopa yaka, — his; hers; its. Yaka 
 kniutnks muckamnck whiskey, — a drunli- 
 ard. Yaka self, — himself; herself; itself. 
 Yakas, — his; hers; its. 
 
 Yah'-wa, adv. (O). (CliiJiook,-Yawakh.) 
 There; thither; thence; beyond; in that 
 place; that side; that way; yonder. Ex- 
 ample: Yahwa yaka mitlite, — there he 
 is. Ikt yahwa, ikt yahwa, — apart. Wake 
 siah Yahwa, — thereabouts, 
 
 Yak'-so, n. (Chinook,-idem). (See tup- 
 so.) The hair of the head; hair g'ener- 
 ally. Example: Yaka yakso chako halo, 
 — his hair is all gone. (See tupso.) 
 (Tupso is used more than yakso. — Eells.) 
 (Other spellings: lakso, yaksoot.) 
 
 Ya-kwah'-tln, or Kwah'-tin, n. (Chi- 
 nook & Clatsop,-Yakwatin.) The helly; 
 the entrails; stomach; bosom. Example: 
 Yaka sick kopa yaka yakwahtin, — he has 
 the stomach ache. Xeekwulee yak'watin, 
 — entrails. 
 
 Yaub. (See Lejaub.) 
 
 Yi'-em, v., n. (S). Chihalis.-Yaiem.) A 
 story; tale; anecdote; to relate; to tell 
 a story; to confess to a priest; a story 
 
 or tale; to tattle; to preach. 
 
 Youtl, or Yutl, adj. (Quaere Chihalis,- 
 Eyutlh; Nisqually,- Juil. ) Glad; pleased; 
 proud; (of a horse), — spirited. Example: 
 Hyas youtl yakka tumtuan, — his heart is 
 very glad; he is much puffed up. "TJlthl 
 means proud, and ulticnt long, but they 
 are readily confounded with each other." 
 — Judge Swan. 
 
 Youtl'-kut, adj., n. (C). (Chinook,- 
 Yutlkut.) ^ong' (in dimension); length. 
 Example: Okoke stick hyas yontlkut. 
 Note. — "A friend of mine, who was about 
 leaving the Bay, wished to tell some In- 
 dians who were working for him that 
 if, on his return, he found they had be- 
 haved well, he should feel very proud of 
 them and glad, used the following: Ulti- 
 cut nika tumtum, or, my heart is long, 
 instead of ulthl nika tuztitum, or. my 
 heart is proud. 'He must have a funny 
 heart,' said the Indian ■rt'ho related it to 
 me. 'He says his heart is long; perhaps 
 it is like a mouse's tail.' " — Judge Swan. 
 
 Yout-skut, or Yutes'-kut, adj. (C). 
 (Chinook,-Yutskuta.) Short (in dimen- 
 sion). 
 
 Yuk'-wa, or Yah'-kwa, adv. (C). (Chi- 
 nook,- Yakwa. ) Here; hither; this side 
 of; this way. Example: Ynkwa kopa 
 okook house, — this side of that house. 
 Chako yukwa, — come here. 
 
INDLX 
 Vocabulary Words 
 
 AhnlEuttle, formerly; ago, 
 
 Alki, soon. 
 
 Alta, now. 
 
 Ats, younger sister, 
 
 Huloima, other; another. 
 Enmiu;' bad odor. 
 Hnyliuy, exchange; bargain. 
 Hyak, swift; fast; hurry. 
 Hyas, great; very. 
 Eyiu, much. 
 
 Boat, boat. 
 Book, bool{. 
 Boston, American. 
 By-ty, by-and-by. 
 
 Canim, canoe. 
 
 Capo, coat. 
 
 Cliako, to come. 
 
 Chee, lately. 
 
 Chikamm, metal; money. 
 
 CUkcIilk, wagon. 
 
 Chinook, see (Chinook Indians). 
 
 Cbitsh, grandfather. 
 
 Chope, grandmother. 
 
 Chuck, water. 
 
 Cly, to cry. 
 
 Cole, cold; winter; year. 
 
 Cooley, to run. 
 
 Cosho, hog. 
 
 Court, court. 
 
 Cultus, worthless; nothing. 
 
 Delate, straight; direct; true. 
 Dly, dry. 
 Doctiu, doctor. 
 Bella, dollar; money, 
 Dutchman, German. 
 
 Blip, first; before. 
 Euati, across. 
 
 Get-up, rise; risen. 
 Qlease, grease. 
 
 Hahlakl, wide; open. 
 Halo, not; none. 
 Haul, to haul; pull. 
 Heehee, to laugh; laughter. 
 Help, to help. 
 Hoolhool, mouse. 
 House, house, 
 HuUel, to shake. 
 
 Ikpooie, to shut. 
 
 Ikt, one; once. 
 
 Iktah, what. 
 
 Iktas, things. 
 
 niahee, land. 
 
 Inapoo, louse. 
 
 Ipsoot, to hide. 
 
 Isick, a paddle. 
 
 Isknm, to take; receive. 
 
 Itloknm, the game of "hand,' 
 
 ItlwIlUe, flesh. 
 
 Itswoot, a bear. 
 
 Kah, where; whence; whither, 
 
 Kahkwa, like; similar to. 
 
 Kahpho, elder brother. 
 
 Xahta, how; why; what. 
 
 Kalitan, arrow; shot. 
 
 Kalakala, a bird. 
 
 Kamas, scilla esculenta. 
 
 Kamooks, a dog. 
 
 Kapswalla, to steal. 
 
 Katsuk, middle. 
 
 Kanpy, coffee. 
 
 Xeekwulee, low; below. 
 
 Kllapi, to turn; return; upset. 
 
 Kimta, behind; after. 
 
 Xing' Chautsh, English. 
 
 Klshkish, to drive. 
 
 Kinatau, a horse. 
 
 Klah, free; clear; in sight. 
 
 Klahanle, out of doors; out. 
 
 Xlahowya, the common salutation. 
 
 Xlahowyum, poor; wretched. 
 
 Xlahwa, slow ; slowly. 
 
 Klak, off; out; away. 
 
 Xlaksta, who? what one? 
 
 Klale, black. 
 
 Xlaska, they; their; them. 
 
 Klatawa, to go. 
 
 Kllmlnairhit, a lie. 
 
 Xlimmin, soft ; fine. 
 
 Xlip; deep. 
 
 Xliskwiss, mat. 
 
 Klonas, perhaps. 
 
 Klone, three. 
 
 Kloshe, good. 
 
32 
 
 THE CHINOOK JAEGON 
 
 Kloshe-spose, shall or may I. 
 Klootclunaii, woman; female. 
 Ko, to reach; arrive at. 
 Kokshut, to break; broken. 
 Konaway, all; every. 
 Kopa, to; in; at; etc. 
 Kopet, to stop; leave off. 
 Ko-w, to tie; fasten. 
 Knll, hard. 
 Kullag'liau, a fence. 
 Kumtuks, to know. 
 Knnamokst, both. 
 Kunjih, how many. 
 KwaJinesuiu, always. 
 Kwahtah, a quarter. 
 Kwalst, nine. 
 Kwaun, glad. 
 Kwass, afraid. 
 Kwinnum, five. 
 Kwolan, the ear. 
 
 Iia boos, or JmSL push, mouth. 
 
 Iia caset, a box. 
 
 IVa cloa, a cross. 
 
 ImSl gome, pitch; gum. 
 
 Iia hasli, an axe. 
 
 JtaUTOf the arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 I^akit, or Iiokit, four. 
 
 IVa lahm, an oar. 
 
 la lang, the tongue. 
 
 ^aly, time. 
 
 La messe, ceremony of the mass. 
 
 La metsiu, medicine. 
 
 Lanmiieli, or Lununieh, a,n old woman. 
 
 Ija mouti, a mountain. 
 
 Iia peep, a tobacco-pipe. 
 
 Iia pellali, roasted. 
 
 Iia plash, board. 
 
 Iia pome, apple. 
 
 La pote, door. 
 
 La tet, the head. 
 
 Law, law. 
 
 La wen, oats. 
 
 Le hal, ball. 
 
 Le .1aub, the devil. 
 
 Le kleh, key. 
 
 Le mah, hand. 
 
 Le mel, mule. 
 
 Le molo, wild. 
 
 Le mooto, sheep. 
 
 Le pee, foot. 
 
 Le plet, priest. 
 
 Le sak, bag. 
 
 Le whet, a whip. 
 
 Lice, rice. 
 
 Liver, river. 
 
 Llpllp, to boil. 
 
 Lolo, to carry. 
 
 Lowullo, round. 
 
 Lope, rope. 
 
 Lum, rum; whiskey. 
 
 M 
 
 Mahkook, to buy. 
 Mahsh, to sell; to leave. 
 Mahsie, thanks. 
 Mahtlinnie, off shore. 
 Maht'willie, in shore. 
 
 Mahlieh, to marry. 
 
 Mama, mother. 
 
 mamook, action; to work; to make; to do. 
 
 Man, man; male. 
 
 Ilelass, molasses. 
 
 Slemaloost, to die; dead. 
 
 Mesachie, bad. 
 
 Mesika, you; your; j'ours. 
 
 Mika, thou; thy; thine. 
 
 Sffimie, down stream. 
 
 Mitllte, to sit; remain; to be; have. 
 
 Mitwhit, to stand. 
 
 Slokst, two. 
 
 Moola, a mill. 
 
 Moolack, an elk. 
 
 Moon, moon; month. 
 
 Moosmoos, buffalo; cattle. 
 
 Moostim, to sleep; sleep. 
 
 Mcwitsh, a deer. 
 
 Muckamnck, food; to eat. 
 
 Musket, musket; gun. 
 
 Na, the interrogative particle. 
 
 Naha, a mother. 
 
 Nah, interj., look here! 
 
 Nanich, to see; look. 
 
 Nawitka, yes; certainly. 
 
 Nem, a name. 
 
 Nesika, we; us; our. 
 
 Newhah, here; come here. 
 
 Nika, I; me; my; mine. 
 
 Numerals, 
 
 Nose, the nose. 
 
 Okoke, this; that; it. 
 
 Olallle, berries. 
 
 Oleman, old man; old. 
 
 Olo, hungry. 
 
 Ooaknt, or Wayhut, road; way. 
 
 Opoots, tail. 
 
 Ow, younger brother. 
 
 Order of the words. 
 
 P 
 Fahtl, full. 
 Faint, paint. 
 Papa, father. 
 
 Fasese, blanket; woolen cloth. 
 Fasiooks, French; a Frenchman. 
 Fe, and; but. 
 Fehpah, paper. 
 Felton, a fool; insane. 
 Feshak, bad. 
 Fiah, fire. 
 Fil, red. 
 Filpil, blood. 
 Pish, flsh. 
 Fiupiu, to stink. 
 Poh, to bloy; a puff of breath. 
 Folaklie, night. 
 Folallie, gunpowder; sand. 
 Foo, the sound of a gun. 
 Fotlatch, a sift; to give. 
 Fukpuk, a blow with the fist. 
 Pusspuss, cat. 
 
 S 
 
 Sag'halie, above; up. 
 
AND HOW TO USB IT. 
 
 33 
 
 Sail, sail; cloth; flag. 
 
 Sakoleks, trousers. 
 
 Sallal, the sallal berry. 
 
 Salmon, salmon; flsh. 
 
 Salt, salt. 
 
 Sapolill, wheat; flour. 
 
 Seatahost, face; eyes. 
 
 Bealipo, hat. 
 
 Self, self. 
 
 Sbame, shame. 
 
 SUantie, to sing. 
 
 Ship, ship. 
 
 Shoes, shoes. . 
 
 Shot, shot. 
 
 Shusrah, sugar. 
 
 Siah, far. 
 
 Siaiu, the grizzly bear. 
 
 Sick, sick. 
 
 Sikhs, a friend. 
 
 Slnamokst, seven. 
 
 Siskiyou, a bob-tailed horse. 
 
 Sitkujn, half; part. 
 
 Siwash, Indian. 
 
 Skin, skin. 
 
 Skookum, strong. 
 
 Slahal, a game; to gamble. 
 
 Snass, rain. 
 
 SoUeks, angry; anger. 
 
 Sopena, to jump. 
 
 Spose, suppose; if. 
 
 Stick, stick; wood. 
 
 Stocken, stocking. 
 
 Stoh, loose; to untie. 
 
 Stone, stone. 
 
 Stotekin, eight. 
 
 Stutchun, sturgeon. 
 
 Snn, sun: day. 
 
 Sunday, Sunday; week. 
 
 Tag'hum, six. 
 
 Tahlkie, yesterday. 
 
 Tahtlum, ten. 
 
 Talapns, coyote; prairie wolf. 
 
 Tamahnous, magic; the spirits. 
 
 Tamolitsh, barrel; tub. 
 
 Tanse, dance. 
 
 Tatoosh, milk; breast. 
 
 Teahwit, leg; foot. 
 
 Tenas, small; few; little. 
 
 Thousand, thousand. 
 
 Tikeg-h, to want; to love. 
 
 Tiktlk, a watch. 
 
 Tillkum, people; relations. 
 
 Till, tired; heavy. 
 
 Tintln, bell; o'clock. 
 
 T'kope, white. 
 
 Tl'kope, to cut. 
 
 Toh, spitting. 
 
 Tolo, to earn; gain. 
 
 Tomolla, tomorrow. 
 
 Totoosh, see tatoosh. 
 
 Towag-h, bright, shining. 
 
 Tsee, sweet. 
 
 Tseepie, to mistake. 
 
 Tsiatko, a nocturnal demon. 
 
 Tsiktsik, see chik chik. 
 
 Tsug'h, a crack, or split. 
 
 Tukamonuk, hundred. 
 
 Tnmtum, the heart; will; mind. 
 
 Tumwata, water fall. 
 
 Tupsshin, needle. 
 
 Tnpso, grass. 
 
 Tyee, chief. 
 
 Tzum, spots; writing. 
 
 W 
 
 Wagh, to pour out; to vomit. 
 Wake, no; not. 
 Wapatoo, potato. 
 Wash, to wash. 
 Vashtng-ton, Washington. 
 Wanui, warm. 
 Wawa, to talk. 
 Wayhut, see ooakut. 
 Week, a week. 
 Weffht, again; also; more. 
 Wluaple, soon; presently. 
 Wind, wind; breath; life. 
 
 Y 
 Yahka, he; she; it; his; etc. 
 Yahwa, there; thence. 
 Vakso, hair. 
 Yakwahtin, entrails. 
 Yiem, a story; to relate. 
 Youtl, proud: pleased. 
 Youtlkut, long. 
 Youtsknt, short. 
 Yukwa, here. 
 
5UPPLLMLNTAL VOCABULARY 
 
 Less Familiar Words — Not Strictly Jargon — or of Only Local Use 
 
 AV-lia, (?), well then. 
 
 Ad-de-dah', (S), exclamation of pain, 
 sorrow, surprise. 
 
 Ali-ha, (C), yes. 
 
 Al-ah, (J), expression of surprise. 
 
 A-mo'-ta, (C), strawberry. 
 
 An-a'h, (J), exclamation of pain or dis- 
 pleasure; ah! oh! fle! 
 
 Ats, (C), a sister younger than the 
 speaker. 
 
 A-yah'-whul, (S), to lend; to borrow. 
 
 B 
 Be'-be, (F), a kiss; to kiss. 
 Bit, (E), a dime, or shilling. 
 Bloom, (E), broom. 
 
 Bnr-dasli, (Canadian F), an hermaphro- 
 dite. 
 
 Cal'-ll-peen, (F), a rifle. 
 
 Chak-chak, (C), the bald eagle. 
 
 Chet'-lo, (S), oyster. 
 
 Cliet-woot, (S), black bear. 
 
 Cliil-cliil, or Tsll-tBil, (C), buttons; the 
 
 stars. 
 Chitsh, (S), a grandmother. 
 Chope, (S), a grandfather. 
 Cho'-tub, (S), flea. 
 Cliuk-kin, (S), to kick. 
 Comb, (E), a comb. 
 Coop'-coop, (C), small dentalium, or 
 
 shell money. 
 Cou-Iee, (F), a valley. 
 
 Be'-na, (C), beaver. 
 
 Ek-kah-uam, (C), tale; story. 
 
 Ek-ko-11, (C), whale. 
 
 Bk'-keb, (C), brother-in-law. 
 
 B'-la-ban, (S), aid; assistance; alms. 
 
 E-li'te, (C), a slave. 
 
 E-saltTi, or "ye-salt'h, (Wasco.), Indian 
 corn; maize. 
 
 Eyeli, (N), yes. 
 
 H 
 
 Haht-haUt, (S), the mallard duck. 
 
 Hoh-bob, (J), to cough. 
 
 Ho-ku-melb, (S), to gather; glean. 
 
 Kool-bool, (C), a mouse. 
 
 Kowh, (J), turn to; hurry; ho! 
 
 How'-kwutl, (C), inability; unable. 
 
 HuHl'-kili, (C), Crooked; knotted; curled. 
 
 Hwah, (J), surprise; admiration; earn- 
 estness. 
 
 Hy'-kwa, (N), shell money; large den- 
 talium. 
 
 Ik'-lk, (C), fish hook. 
 It'-lan, (C), a fathom. 
 
 Kab-de-na, (C), to fight. 
 
 Kab'-kab, (J), a crow. 
 
 Xab'-na-way, (C), acorns. 
 
 Kabp-bo, (C), an elder brother, sister, or 
 cousin. 
 
 Kal-ak-a-lab'-ma, (C), a goose. 
 
 Kal-a-fcwab'-tie, (C), inner bark of the 
 cedar; woman's petticoat of bark. 
 
 Ka-mo'-suk, (C), beads. 
 
 Ka-wa'k, (S), to fly. 
 
 Kaw-ka-wak, (C), yellow or pale green. 
 
 Keep'-wot, (C), needle; pin; thorn; sting 
 of an insect. 
 
 Keb -loke, or Kaloke, (C), a swan. 
 
 Keb'-see, (C), an apron. 
 
 Keb-wa, (?), because. 
 
 Kes'-cbl, (C), notwithstanding; al- 
 though. 
 
 Ket-ling-, (E), kettle; can; basin. 
 
 Kil-it'-sut, (C), flint; bottle; glass. 
 
 Kinnl-kmnik, smoking weed (mixture). 
 See note under 'Tatoosb, main vocabu- 
 lary. 
 
 Si'-nootl, (C), tobacco; smoking. 
 
 Ki'-wa, (Wasco), crooked. 
 
 Ki'-yab, (S), entrails. 
 
 Klak'-wtm, (S), to wipe, or lick. 
 
 Kla'-pite, (C), thread; twine. 
 
 Kla-wbop, (C), a hole. 
 
 Klem'-a-bun, (S), to stab, wound, spear. 
 
 KlUt, or XlUe, (C), sour; bitter. 
 
 Klik'-a-muks, (C), blackberries. 
 
 Klik'-wal-lie, (C), brass wire; brass arm- 
 let. 
 
 Elob-klob, (C), oysters. See chetlo. 
 
 Klook, (B), crooked. 
 
 Klub, or Klngrb, (C), to tear; to plow. 
 
 Kluk-tOb', (C), broad, or wide, as of a 
 plank. 
 
 Ko'-ko, (J), to knock. 
 
 Ko'-ko-stlck, (J), (knock-tree), wood- 
 pecker. 
 
 Koo'sab, (C), sky. 
 
 Kusb'-is, (S), stockings. 
 
 Kwab-nlce, or Kwad-ais, (Klikitat), 
 whale. 
 
 Kwa-lal-kwa-lal, (C), to gallop. 
 
 Kwal'b, (S), an aunt. 
 
 Kwates, (S), sour; bitter: not pleased. 
 
 Kweb-kweb, (J), a mallard duck. 
 
 Kwek-wi-ens, (S), a pin. 
 
 Kweo-kweo, (C), a ring; a circle. 
 
 Kwetlb, (S), proud. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 35 
 
 KwlBh, (?), exclamation of refusal. 
 
 Kwit-Bliad-le, (S), hare; rabbit. 
 
 Kwulh, or kwiilt'li, (C), to hit, strike, or 
 
 wound, (without cutting). 
 Kwun'-nun, (S), counting; numbers. 
 Xwutl, (C), literally, fast; to push or 
 
 squeeze. 
 
 Ka-lJleed, (F), a bridle. 
 I^a-boo-tl, (P), bottle. 
 Iia-ca-lat, (P), carrot. 
 tag'h, (C), to tip; to lean; to stoop; to 
 
 bend over. 
 iMa-gvriu', (?), a saw. 
 la'-kles, (P), fat; oil; grease. 
 ia-lab', (C), to cheat, trick; joke with. 
 la-leem', (P), a file. 
 ta-pehsli, (F), a pole. 
 La-pelle', (F), a shovel or spade. 
 ia-pe-osh', (F), a mattock or hoe. 
 Iia-pieg-e, (F), a trap. 
 ba-po-el', (P), a frying pan, (a stove. — 
 
 Hale.) 
 la-pool', (F), fowl; poultry. 
 la-poo-shet', (F), fork. 
 la-sanjel, (F), girth, sash, belt. 
 Iia-see, (P), a saw. 
 lia-sell', (P), saddle. 
 £a'-slial-loo, (F), plough. 
 JVa-shan'-del, (P), a candle. 
 I^a-sliase, (P), chair. 
 La-sben', (F), a chain. 
 I^s-siet, (P), a plate. 
 Iia-sway, (P), silk, silken. 
 La-tahb, (F), table. 
 la-tlah', (F), noise. 
 £a-west', (F), waist-coat. vest. 
 le-bah-do, or Zia-ba-do, (F), a shingle. 
 le Ijis'-kwie, (F), biscuit, crackers, hard 
 
 bread. 
 £e-BIau', (P), a sorrel horse; chestnut 
 
 colored. 
 le-cleon', (F), cream-colored. 
 I>e-cock', (F), a cock; a fowl. 
 te-aoo', (P), finger. 
 
 I^e-g-ley, (F & E), a gray horse; gray. 
 £ie-kloo', (P), nail; nails. 
 Lie-koo', (F), neck. 
 le-iy'e, (?), spot; spotted; a piebald 
 
 horse. 
 £e-lo'-ba, (F), ribbon. 
 Iie-loo', (F), wolf. 
 I^e-mali-to, (P), hamrrier. 
 le-pan', (P), bread. 
 
 le-pish'-e-iuo, saddle-blanket or hous- 
 ing. (See note under Tatoosh, main 
 
 vocabulary.) 
 I«-pwan, (F), peas. 
 £e-sap', (P), egg; eggs. 
 le- see-Mo, (P), spurs. 
 I^e-see'-zo, (P), scissors. 
 te-sook, (P), sugar. 
 le-tah', (P), the teeth. 
 Iiik-pu'-liu, (?), a sister; an elder sister. 
 Ijuk'-ut-cliee, (?P), clams. 
 
 mah-Ue, (S), to 
 
 M 
 
 forget. 
 
 Iila-lali, (C), tin ware, earthenware, 
 dishes. 
 
 Mel-a-kwa, (F), a mosquito. 
 
 Mlst-clii'-mas, (?), slave. 
 
 Mit-ass, leggings. (See note under Ta- 
 toosh, main vocabulary.) 
 
 Moo'-lock, (C), an elk. 
 
 Na-ha, or Na-ah, (C), a mother. 
 ITan'-lts, (S), ofC shore; on the stream, — 
 
 Hale. The sea-beach. — Anderson. 
 Ne-nam-ookB, (C), the land otter. 
 
 O'-la-pits-H, (C), fire. 
 
 Ol'-hy-lu, (C), a seal. 
 
 O'-luk, (S), a snake. 
 
 C-na, (C), razor fish or solen; clams. 
 
 Oos'-kan, (C), a cup; a bowl. 
 
 O'-pe-kwan, (C), basket; can; tin kettle. 
 
 O'-pitl-kegh, (C), bow. 
 
 O'-pit-sali, (C), knife, razor, sword. 
 
 Ote-lagpli, (C), the sun. 
 
 Fchili, orPIt-cliili, (?), Thin, as of a 
 
 board. 
 Pe-clxug'li, (C), green. 
 Pe-wliat'-tle, (C), thin, slight, flamsy. 
 Pit-mh', (?), thick, as. molasses. 
 Poo'-lle, (F), rotten. 
 Pow'-itsh, (C), crab-apple. 
 
 S 
 
 San-de-lie, (P), roan colored; a. roan 
 horse, ash colored. — Anderson. 
 
 She-lok'-um, (C), looking-glass; glass. 
 
 Shug-li, (C), a rattle. 
 
 Shugh-opoots, (C), a rattle-snake. 
 
 Shut, (E), a shirt. 
 
 Sbwah-kuk, (S), a frog. 
 
 Si'-pab, (Wasco), straight, like a ram- 
 rod. 
 
 Sis'-W-you, a bob-tailed horse. (See note 
 under Tatoosh, main vocabulary.) 
 
 Slt'-lay, (F), stirrups. • 
 
 Sit'-shiuiL, (S), to swim. 
 
 Skwak'-wal, (S), a lamprey eel. 
 
 Skwls'-kwis, (C), a squirrel. 
 
 Smet'-ocks, (S), the large clam. 
 
 Smoke, (E), smoke, clouds, fog, steam. 
 
 Soap, (E), soap. 
 
 So-le'-mle, (C), the cranberry. 
 
 Spo'-oh, (C), faded; any light color. 
 
 Spoon, (E), a spoon. 
 
 Snk-wal'-al, (C), a gun or musket. 
 
 Tah-nim, (S), to measure. 
 Teh-teh, (C), to trot, as a horse. 
 Te-peh, (C), quill, wing. 
 Tlk'-tik, (onoma), a watch. 
 TU'-l-kiun-ma-ma, (C), a father. 
 Toke-tle, (Kalapuya), pretty. 
 To'-luk8, (Clallam), the mussel. 
 
36 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Tot, (S), uncle. 
 
 To'-to, (onoma, C), to shake, sift, win- 
 now. 
 
 To-wag-h', (C), bright; shining; light. 
 
 Tshl'-ke, (?), directly, soon. 
 
 Tshis, (C), cold. 
 
 Tsish, (onoma). In imitation of the 
 sound of a grindstone. 
 
 Tsole-pat, (Klickitat), a shot-pouch. 
 
 Tbo'-Io, (Kalapuya), to wander; to lose 
 the way. 
 
 Tuk'-wil-la, (Kalapuya), nuts; the hazel 
 nut. 
 
 W 
 
 Wa'-lci, (C), to-morrow. 
 WMm, (Wasco), to fell; 
 wrestling. 
 
 to throw, in 
 
 Yah'-hul, (C), a name. 
 Yah'-kis-ilt'li, (C), sharp, cutting. 
 
 Note— The letters (C), (E), (P), (N), 
 and (S), refer to the derivation of 
 words, and signify Chinook, English, 
 French, Nootka, and Salish. (See ex- 
 planatory notes.) Words marked (J.) 
 or (onoma.) are considered to be the 
 peculiar property of the Jargon, as 
 having been formed either in imita- 
 tion of sounds or by some casual in- 
 vention. (Gibbs, Hale, Chamberlain, 
 Boas, Shaw, Anderson, Pandosy, Cook, 
 Jewitt, Tolmie, Dawson, St. Onge, 
 Scouler, Eells, Walker, Gard, — author- 
 ities.) See Pronouncing Vocabulary. 
 
GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION 
 
 KEY TO THL 5YMBOL5 
 
 The pronunciation Is indicated by the simple system of respelling which is 
 used in Webster's International Dictionary. It employs the diacritieally marked 
 letters familiar in the schoolbooks of the country. "The defects of the English 
 orthography are well known, but, under the circumstances, we have no choice but 
 to follow it, making up for its deficiencies by the necessary explanations. In the 
 phonetics of the language one point is specially interesting, both as illustrating the 
 usual result of the fusion of two or more languages, and as showing one of the 
 laws which must govern the formation of any international speech. As the Jargon 
 Is to be spoken by Englishmen and Frenchmen, and by Indians of at least a dozen 
 tribes, so as to be alike easy and intelligible to all, it must admit no sound which 
 cannot be readily pronounced by all. The numerous harsh Indian gutturals either 
 disappear entirely, or are softened to li and k. On the other hand, the d, f, g, r, v, z> 
 of the Etiglish and French become in the mouth of a Chinook t, p, k, 1, w, and a. 
 The English j (dzh) is changed to ch (tsh) ; the French nasal n is dropped, or is 
 retained without its nasal sound." — Hale. Authority used, Eells. 
 
 a, as in fai-, father i; 
 
 a, as in what, not g 
 
 a, as in hat, man ^ 
 
 a, as in law, all, lord a 
 
 a, as in mate 5 
 
 e, as in met, then p 
 
 e, as in meet - 
 
 e, as in they (a, as in mate) a 
 
 i, as in pin Y 
 
 i, as in pine, aisle t 
 
 i, as in pique (e, as in meet) f 
 
 0, as in not f! 
 
 o, as in note o 
 
 o, as in do, prove, tomb; — with the sound the same as oo o 
 
 GO, as in moon, food, fool oo 
 
 u, as in rule oo 
 
 u, as in pull, bull, full, put u 
 
 u, as in but .' 
 
 oi, as in boil oi 
 
 ou, as in out _ ou 
 
 sh, as in shall sh 
 
 th, as in thin th 
 
 th, as in then th 
 
 g, as in gig _ g 
 
 g, as in gem g 
 
 ng, as in sing, singer ng 
 
 wh, as in when hw 
 
 ch, as in church ch 
 
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY 
 
 ABBA, ab-ba. 
 ADDEDAH, a-dT-da. 
 AHHA, aha. 
 AHNKUTTIE, an-kiit-tT. 
 ALKI, al-k" 
 ALTA, aKta. 
 ATS, ats. 
 BEBE, be^. 
 BUBDASH, bu^dash. 
 CALIPEEN, kSl-ii-pgn? 
 CANIM, ka-uTm? 
 CAPO, ka-po:' 
 CHAKCHAK, chak'chak. 
 CHAKO, chii^o. 
 CHEE, cliE. 
 CHETLO, 
 chgf-lo 
 or 
 
 CHETWOOT, chet-woot. 
 CHIKAMIN, chTk-a-mTn. 
 CHIKCHIK, 
 
 chTk^chtk 
 and 
 
 tsTk^tsYk. 
 CHILCHIL, 
 
 chTl-chTl 
 and 
 
 tsTl-tsTI. 
 CHINOOK, 
 
 cliTn-ook 
 or 
 
 tsYn-uk. 
 CHOTUB, chS-'tiib. 
 CHUCK, ohuk. 
 CLY, Kit 
 COLE, kt!l. 
 COMB, kCm. 
 COOLEY, ko^lT. 
 COOPCOOP'' kpp-kflp. 
 COSHO, ko-shiJ! 
 COURT, ks-ut. 
 CULTUS, kiil-tus. 
 DELATE, de-lat.' 
 
 DLY, d». 
 
 DOCTIN, d8if-tTii. 
 
 DOLLA, d81-ia. 
 
 DUTCHMAN, dfich-man. 
 
 EENA, E-'na. 
 
 BLIP, s'-itp. 
 
 ELITE, e-Ii-'tT. 
 
 ENATI, 6n^a-tt 
 
 HAHLAKL, ha^lakl. 
 
 HAHTHAHT, hat-hat. 
 
 HAKATSHUM, hak-at-shura. 
 
 HALO, h3-1t!. 
 
 HAUL, hfll. 
 
 HEEHEE, hE-'he. 
 
 HIYU, 
 
 HYIU, 
 
 ht-u.' 
 HOHHOH, hohliBh. 
 HOOLHOOL, bp.l-hql. 
 HULOIMA, hai-oi-ma. 
 HUYHUY, hq'T-hsj-t. 
 HYAK, ht-ak.' 
 HYAS, ht-as.' 
 HYKWA, ht-kwa. 
 IKPOOIE, tk-p^T. 
 IKT, Ikt. 
 IKTA, tk'ta. 
 IKTAS, tk^taz. 
 ILLAHEE, Tl-la-hE. 
 INAPOO, Tn'-a-po. 
 IPSOOT, tp^sfit." 
 ISICK, l-s'-tk. 
 ISKUM, ts^kSm. 
 ITLAN, Tt-'lan. 
 ITLOKUM, Tt<I5-kam. 
 ITSWOOT, rts^wflt. 
 ITCHWOOT, ftch-wfit 
 KAH, ka. 
 KAHKAH, kS-kH. 
 KAHKWA, 
 
 ka-kw^ 
 
 kwa-iwa. 
 KAHNAWAY, kS-'na-wS. 
 KAHPO, k^ipio. 
 
TO USE IT. 
 
 39 
 
 KAHTA, ka-'ta-. 
 
 KALAKALA, 
 k9-19k-a-la, 
 
 kfii-mk-a-ia, 
 
 kul^la-kiil-la. 
 KALAKALAHMA, ka-lak-a- 
 
 la-ma. 
 KALITAN, 
 
 ka-lT^tJtn, 
 
 ka-li-'a-tan. 
 KAMASS, 
 
 k'am-as, 
 
 lak-ara-'ds. 
 KAMOOKS, kS-mooks. 
 KAMOSUK, ka-mb-sfik. 
 KAPSWALLA, kap-sw81-la*. 
 KAUPy, ka^pt. 
 KEEKWULEE, kS^wu-lt 
 KFLAPI, kfl^a-pt 
 KIMTA, kTm-ta. 
 KING GEORGE, KTng Gag. 
 KINNYKINICK, kTri^t-kfn-tk. 
 KINOOTL, kf-'fiootl. 
 KIWA, kt-'wii. 
 KIYAH, kt/ya. 
 KLAH, kla. 
 KLAHANIE, kla-ha-rif. 
 KLAHOWYA, klS-how-ya. 
 KLAHOWYUM, kl3-how-yuin. 
 KLAHWA, kla-wS. 
 KLAK, klak. 
 KLAKSTA, kiaL-ta. 
 KLALE, klal. 
 KLAP, klgp. 
 KLAPITE, kla-pit. 
 KLASKA, kias'-ka. 
 KLATAWA, kiaia-wfl. 
 KLAWHOP, kla-hw8p. 
 KLEMAHUN, kl6m-a-hiin. 
 KLIKAMUKS, kllk-'a-muks. 
 KLILT, kltlt. 
 KLIMINAWHIT, klT-mTif-a- 
 
 hwTt. 
 KLIMMIN, kltin-rn. 
 KLIP, kltp. 
 KLISKWIS, kirs-kwTs. 
 KLOHKLOH, klo-klo. 
 KLONAS, kliS-nSs. 
 
 KLONE, klon. 
 
 KLOOK,,kl<rok. 
 
 KLOOTCHMAN, klflSt^h-mSn. 
 
 KLOSHE, klosh. 
 
 KO. kq. 
 
 KOKSHUT, kSk'shut. 
 
 KONAWAY, kSn-a-wa. 
 
 KOOSAH, k5B4a. 
 
 KOPET, ko-pTf. 
 
 KUITAN, 
 
 KIUATAN, 
 
 ku-H-tAn. 
 KULL, kSl. 
 
 KULLAGHAN, kfil-ia-han. 
 KUMTUKS, kW-tuks. 
 KUNAMOKST, kun'-S-mSkst. 
 KUNJIH, kSn-jr. 
 KUNSIH, kSn'-sT. 
 KWAHTA, kw/-ta. 
 KWASS, kwos." 
 KWATES, kwSts. 
 KWEEST, kwest. 
 KWAIST, kw^st. 
 KWEHKWEH, kw^-kwS 
 KWINNUM, kwTn-Sm. 
 KWOLAN, kw5-ian. 
 KWUNNUM, kwun-tim. 
 LA BOOS, 
 LA PUSH, 
 
 la-pfl^. 
 LA CASSET, m-ka-s?t. 
 LA CLOA, la-klo^a. 
 LA GOME, la-gSin. 
 LA HASH, la-hSsh^ 
 LAKIT, lok-Tt. 
 LA LAHM, la-Iam' 
 LA-LANG, IS-lSng. 
 LALY, la-lT. 
 
 LA METSIN, la-rngt-sTn. 
 LA MONTI, la-mgn-tT. 
 LA PEA, la-pe-a. 
 LA PEEP, la-pep.' 
 LA PLASH, la-plSsh. 
 LA POME, la-pSm! 
 LA POTE, la-pm. 
 LA TET, la-tSt^ 
 LAW, la- 
 LA WEEN, la-wen. 
 
40 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGOM 
 
 LE BAL, IT-bgl. 
 LE BLAU, Ig-bla.' 
 LE COCK, IS-kBt. 
 LE JAUB, le-gab. 
 LE KLEH, IS-kle/ 
 LE MAH, le-lna. 
 LE MEL, le-mel. 
 LE MOOL, le-mool. 
 LE MOLD, Ig-mo-lo. 
 LE MOOTO, le-miJo-to. 
 LE PLET, ir-pl?t. 
 LE PWAU, rr-pwa. 
 LE SAK, ir-sak/ " 
 LE WHET, le-hwef. 
 LA WHIP, la-hwYp. 
 LICE, Its. 
 LIPLIP, ITp-ltp. 
 LIVER, ITv-'a. 
 LOCKIT, see Lakit. 
 LO LO, lo-m. 
 LOPE, lop. 
 
 LUMMIEH, lurn-mY-u. 
 MAHKOOK, ma-kuk. 
 MAHSH, miish. 
 MALIEH, ma1--r-u. 
 MAMA, nfa-ma. 
 MAMOOK, ma-muk. 
 MESACHIE, me-sSch-t 
 MESIKA, me-sT-'ita. 
 MIKA, mt-ka. 
 MIMALOOSE, mim-a-loos. 
 MITLITE, mTt-ltt, 
 MITWHIT, nJt-whTt. 
 MOKST, mSSkst. 
 MOOLACK, moo^luk. 
 MUCKAMUCK, mult-a-muk. 
 NA, na. 
 NAH, n3. 
 NAHA, Da-ha. 
 NANITCH,nan'rch. 
 NAWITKA, na-wTt-ka. 
 NESIKA, ne-sT-ka. 
 NIKA, nt-'ka. 
 OKOKE, sisk. 
 .OLALLIE, o-la1-T. 
 OLEMAN, 
 
 Cl-man. 
 
 5-lT-man. 
 
 OLO, o^lo. 
 OOAKUT, 
 WAYHUT, 
 
 oo-a-kiit. 
 OPOOTS, o-'poots. 
 PAHTL, patl. 
 PAHTLUM, pat-Ium. 
 PAPA, pa-pa. 
 PAPAH, pa'pa. 
 PASEESIE, pa-s'e-sT. 
 PASIOOKS, pa-^-ooks, 
 PE, pe, 
 
 PELTON, pSl'tun. 
 PI AH, pt-a. 
 PJL, pTl. 
 PILPIL, ptl'ptl. 
 PISH, pTsh. ^ ^ 
 PIUPIU, pe-u-pe-5. 
 PUSSPUSS, pTs'h-pTsli. 
 POH, pC. 
 
 POLAKLIE, pS-liik-lT, 
 POLALLIE, po-'iai-T. 
 POTLATCH, pSt^lach. 
 PUKPUK, puk-piik. 
 SAGHALIE, sSh-ha-lT. 
 SAKOLLEKS, sa-ku1-«ks. 
 SALLAL, sSI-al^ 
 SALMON, sam-un. 
 SAPOLIL, Ba'p-5-m. 
 SEAHHOST, se-a-h5st. 
 SEAHPO, s5-a-p5. 
 SHUGA, shu%a, 
 SIAH, st-a.'' 
 SIKHS, stks. 
 SHIKHS, shlks. 
 SINAliOKST, st/a-mokst. 
 SISKIYOU, sTs'-kT-yoo. 
 SISTER, sYs-tfi. 
 SIWASH, sT-w8sh. 
 SKOOKUM, skoo-kuiii. 
 SLAHAL, sla-lial 
 SNASS, sn5s. 
 SNOW, SD5. 
 SOLLEKS, sfif-luks. 
 SOPENA, s5-p5-na. 
 SPOSE, spoz. 
 STOCKEN, stbign, 
 STOTEKIN, stot-kTn. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 41 
 
 STUTCHUN, stuA-nn. 
 TAGHUM, ta-hum. 
 TAHLKIE, t;Si-kT. 
 TAHTLUM, t8t^l«m. 
 TAMAHNOUS, ta-ma-no-ns. 
 TAMOLITSH, ta-mo-lTch. 
 TANSE, tans. 
 TENAS, tgiT-as. 
 THOUSAND, tho4-zand. 
 TIKEGH, ttt-r. 
 TIKTIK, tnZ-tTk. 
 TILIKUM, ttl^a-kilm. 
 TILL, ffl. 
 TINTIN, tTn-tYn. 
 T'KOPE, T'kSp. 
 TL'KOPE, TI'kBp. 
 TOMOLLA, t5-<6oI-la. 
 TOTOOSH, 
 TATOOSH, 
 
 too-toosh. 
 TSEEPIE, tse^r. 
 TSOLO, tiss-so-lo. 
 TUKAMONUK, tiik-a-mo-nuk. 
 
 TUMTUM, tum'tffm. 
 TUMWATA, tiim-wa-tu. 
 TUPSO, tu'p-sS. 
 TYEE, Vt-S/ 
 TZUM, tzum. 
 WAKE, w5k. 
 WAPATO, wap^a-to. 
 WAUM, w.gm. 
 WAWA, waVa- 
 ■WAYHUT,"see Ooakut. 
 WEGHT, wekt. 
 WHIM, hwTm. 
 WHISKEY, hwYs-kV. 
 WINAPIE, wtn^a-pr 
 YAHWA, ya-wa. 
 YAHKA, yaia. 
 YAKA, ya-kii. 
 YAKSO, yak-'so. 
 YAKWAHTIN, ya-kwa-ffn. 
 YOUTL, yotl. 
 YOUTLKUT, yotl'kut. 
 YUKWA, yuk-Va. 
 YAHKWA, ya-kwa. 
 
 Note — "With the spelling in use I have 
 learned that it is useless for any person 
 who has not heard a Chinook word used, 
 to try to give its pronunciation. The 
 accented syllable Is marked. It must 
 not be supposed, however, that the pro- 
 nunciation I have given Is the only cor- 
 rect one; as already stated, there are 
 often different ways of pronouncing the 
 same word in different localities. The 
 
 other authors use the letters much as 
 they are used in English, which really 
 means that their sounds, especially those 
 of the vowels, cannot be easily under- 
 stood until the person hears them sound- 
 ed by some one who understands their 
 pronunciation." Autbority; Myron 
 
 Eells, D. D. See note under Kalakala, 
 main vocabulary. — Hale. 
 
LNGL15H--CHINOOK 
 
 Abase, mamook keekwulee. 
 
 Abdomen, yakwahtip; kwahtin. 
 
 Abed, kopa bed. 
 
 Abide, mitlite. 
 
 Abject, cultus 
 
 Able, skookum. 
 
 Aboard, kopa boat, (or ship or canim). 
 
 Abolisli, mamook halo. 
 
 Aborigines, siwash. 
 
 Abound, hiyu mitlite. 
 
 About, wake siah kopa. 
 
 Above, saghalie. 
 
 Abroad, klahanle. 
 
 Abscond, kapswalla klatawa; ipsoot klat- 
 
 awa. 
 Absent, halo mitlite. 
 
 Absolve, mamook stoh; mamook mahsh. 
 Absurd, pelton; wake delate. 
 Accept, iskum. 
 Accident, nika tumtum halo yaka chako 
 
 kahkwa. 
 Accompany, klatawa kunamokst; chako 
 
 kunamokst. 
 Accomplice, yaka mamook mesachie 
 
 kunamokst. 
 Accomplish, mamook. 
 According' to, kopa 
 Accumulate, iskum hiyu. 
 Accurate, delate. 
 Acbleve, mamook. 
 Acknowledg*e, wawa nawitka. 
 Acorns, kahnaway. 
 Acquaint, mamook kumtuks. 
 AccLUire, iskum. 
 Across, enati; inatl. 
 Act, Action, mamook. 
 Active, delate halo lazy. 
 Add, mahsh kunamokst. 
 Adjoin, wake siah kopa. 
 Admiration, hwah. 
 
 Admire, mitlite kloshe tumtum kopa. 
 Admonish, potlatch kloshe wawa. 
 Adore, mitlite delate kloshe tumtum 
 
 kopa; atole. 
 Adorn, mamook kloshe. 
 Adrift, cultus mitlite kopa chuck. 
 Adulterate, mamook mesachie; mahsh 
 
 mesachie kunamokst. 
 Adulterer, man yaka kumtuks kapswalla 
 
 klootchman. 
 Adnltress, klootchman yaka kumtuks 
 
 kapswalla man. 
 Advice, Advise, cultus potlatch tumtum. 
 Afar, siah. 
 Affable, kloshe. 
 Affirm, wawa delate. 
 Afflict, mamook trouble; mamook sick 
 
 tumtum. 
 Afoot, kopa lapea. 
 Afraid, kwass. 
 After, Afterwards, kimta. 
 Agtiin, weght. 
 Ag'ed, oleman. 
 Ag°gressor, yaka mamook mesachie elip. 
 
 AgT'ee, tumtum kunamokst. 
 
 Agriculture, mamook illahee. 
 
 Agrriculturist, illahee man. 
 
 Aground, kopa illahee. 
 
 Ague, colesick. 
 
 Ah! (Admiration), wah! hah! 
 
 Ah! (In pain), anah. 
 
 Ahead, elip. 
 
 Aid, Help, elan. 
 
 Alarm, mamook kwass. 
 
 Alike, kahkwa. 
 
 Alive, mitlite wind. 
 
 All, konaway. 
 
 Almig'hty, the, Saghalie tyee. 
 
 Almost, wake siah. 
 
 Alms, elahan, elann. 
 
 Alms, to give, mamook klahowiam, or 
 klahowya; potlatch dolla. 
 
 Aloft, kopa saghalie. 
 
 Alone, kopet ikt. 
 
 Also, weght. 
 
 Alter, mamook huloima. 
 
 Althoug'h, keschi. 
 
 Always, kwahnesum. 
 
 Am, mitlite is sometimes used; some- 
 times no word is used. 
 
 Amass, isskum hiyu. 
 
 Ambigiious, mokst wawa. 
 
 Ambition, hyas tikegh. 
 
 Amen, kloshe kahkwa. 
 
 American, Boston. 
 
 Amid, Among*, kunamokst; katsuk. 
 
 Amount, konoway. 
 
 Amuse, mamook heehee. 
 
 Amusement, heehee. 
 
 Ancient, hyas ahnkuttie. 
 
 And, pee; pe. 
 
 Anew, chee. 
 
 Ang'el, lesash; tamahnous. 
 
 Angrer, Angry, solleks. 
 
 Angler, pish man. 
 
 Annual, ikt cole ikt cole. 
 
 Another, huloima. 
 
 Answer, kilapie wawa. 
 
 Antediluvian, elip kopa hyas chuck kopa 
 Noah yaka time. 
 
 Anticipate, mamook tumtum elip. 
 
 Anas, opoots. 
 
 Anxious, hyas tikegh. 
 
 Any, klaksta. 
 
 Apart, ikt yahwa, ikt yahwa. 
 
 Apostle, leplet. 
 
 Appeal, wawa kopa elip hyas court. 
 
 Appear, chako kah (nika) nanitch. 
 
 Apple, lepome; apple. 
 
 Apply, (if in words) wawa; (if of things) 
 mahsh. 
 
 Approve, (nika) tumtum kahkwa. 
 
 Approach, chako wake siah. 
 
 Apron, kehsu; kisu. 
 
 Arbutus uva ursi, lahb. 
 
 Archangel, tyee lesash. 
 
 Archbishop, tyee leplet. 
 
 Archfiend, tyee kopa mesachie; tyee 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 43 
 
 skookum. 
 Archipelag'o, kah hlyu ailand mltlite. 
 Arctic, kah delate hiyu cole mitlite. 
 Ardent, waum tumtum. 
 Axgne, hlyu wawa. 
 Arise, mitwit; get up. 
 Arithmetic, hook yaka mamook kumtuks 
 
 nesika kopa kwunnum ; mamook tzum. 
 Arm, (n.) lemah; (v.) iskum musket; 
 
 potlatch musket, 
 Arm.y, hiyu sojers. 
 Around, wake slah kopa. 
 Arouse, mamook get up. 
 Arrest, mamook haul; mamook kow. 
 Arrive, Arrive at, ko; chako; Map. 
 Arrow, kalitan; stick kalitan. 
 Ascend, klatawa saghalie. 
 Ash, isick stick. 
 Ask, wawa. 
 Asleep, moosum. 
 Assault, pight. 
 Assemtile, cheiko kunamokst. 
 AS, kahkwa. 
 AS if, kahkwa spose. 
 Assent, wawa, nawitka. 
 Assess, mamook tzum iktas. 
 Assessor, tyee kopa mamook tzum illahee 
 Assistance, elahan; help. 
 At, kopa. 
 Atheist, man yaka wawa halo saghalie 
 
 tyee mitlite. 
 Attack, pight elip. 
 Attend, klatawa. 
 Attire, iktas. 
 
 Auhum, sitkum klale; sitkum pil. 
 Audacious, skookum tumtum. 
 Audience, hlyu tillikums kopa house. 
 Argument, mamook hiyu; mamook hyas. 
 Aunt, kwalh; papa or mama yaka ats; 
 
 tant; aunt. 
 Authentic, delate. 
 Autumn, tenas cole illahe. 
 Avaunt, klatawa. 
 Aver, wawa delate. 
 Averse, halo tikegh. 
 Avidity, hyas tikegh. 
 Avoid, klatawa kopa huloima ooahut. 
 Awake, halo moosum; halo sleep. 
 Away, siah. 
 Awe, kwass. 
 
 Awl, shoes keepwot, or kipuet. 
 Axe, lahash. 
 Aye, nawitka. 
 
 B 
 
 Baby, tenas. 
 
 Bad, mesahchie; peshuk. 
 Cultus. 
 
 Bad Spirit, mesachie tumtum (if in a 
 person); mesachie tamahnous (if an- 
 other spirit). 
 
 Bag', lesak. 
 
 Ball, lebal. 
 
 Bargain, mahkook; huyhuy. 
 
 Bark, stickskin. 
 
 Barley, lashey; lareh. 
 
 Barrel, tamolitsh. 
 
 Basin, ketling. 
 
 Basket, opekwan; basket. 
 
 Bat, polakle kulakula. 
 
 Battle, pight. 
 
 Bath, mamook wash. 
 
 Be, sometimes mitlite is used, and some- 
 times no word is used. 
 
 Be Still, kopet wawa. 
 
 Beach, polalle illahe; nauits. 
 
 Beads, kamosuk. 
 
 Bear (hlack), itchwoot; chetwoot; its- 
 woot. 
 
 Bear (grizzly), siam itchwoot. 
 
 Bear, (v.) lolo. 
 
 Beard, tupso or yakso kopa seahost. 
 
 Bearer, man yaka kumtulcs lolo. 
 
 Beat, to, kokshut; mamook kokshut. 
 
 Beautiful, kloshe. 
 
 Beaver, eena. 
 
 Becalm, halo wind. 
 
 Because, kahkwa; kehwa. 
 
 Become, to, chakko. 
 
 Become hard, chahko kull. (For other 
 connections of become see chako, in 
 Chinook, English part). 
 
 Bed, bed. 
 
 Bed Quilt, tzum pasessie. 
 
 Beef, itlwillie. 
 
 Before, elip. 
 
 Beg', skookum wawa. 
 
 Begin, chee mamook; mamook elip. 
 
 Begone, klatawa. 
 
 Behave, mamook kloshe. 
 
 Behind, kimta. 
 
 Behold, nah; nanitch. 
 
 Believe, iskum wawa; iskum kopa tum- 
 tum. 
 
 Bell, tintin; dingding; (ring the bell, 
 mamook tintin). 
 
 Beloved, kloshe; kloshe kopa tumtum. 
 
 Belle, kloshe tenas klootchman. 
 
 Belly, yakwahtin. 
 
 Below, keekwulee. 
 
 Belt, lasanjel. 
 
 Beneath, keekwulee. 
 
 Benefit (v.), mamook kloshe. 
 
 Berries, olallie; olillie. 
 
 Beside, Besides, kunamokst. 
 
 Best, elip kloshe kopa konoway. 
 
 Better, elip kloshe. 
 
 Between, kunamokst; katsuk; potsuk. 
 
 Beyond, yahwa. 
 
 Bible, saghalie tyee yaka book. 
 
 Big, hyas. 
 
 Bird, kallakala; kulakula. 
 
 Biscuit, lebiskwee, or labisquee. 
 
 Bit, or dime, bit. 
 
 Bite, muckamuck. 
 
 Bitter, klihl, or klile; mesachie. 
 
 Black, klale. 
 
 Blackberries, klale olallie; klikamuks. 
 
 Blackbirds, klale tenas kalakala. 
 
 Blackfish, kahkwa klale. 
 
 Blanket, paseesie. 
 
 Bleed, mamook pilpil. 
 
 Bless, wawa kloshe wawa. 
 
 Blessing, kloshe wawa. 
 
 Blind, halo seahost; halo nanitch. 
 
 Blood, pilpil. 
 
 Blow, (v.) wind chako; hiyu wind. 
 
 Blow out, mamook poh. 
 
 Blue (light), spooh. 
 
 Blue (dark), klale. 
 
44 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Blnnaer, to, tseepie. 
 
 Blush, chako pil kopa yaka seahost. 
 
 Boar, man cosho. 
 
 Board, la plash. 
 
 Boast, hyas wawa; skookum wawa. 
 
 Boat, boat. 
 
 Bolitailed (a bob-tailed horse), sisklyou. 
 
 Boil, to, (v.) liplip; mamook liplip. 
 
 Bold, Boldness, skookum tumtum; halo 
 kwass. 
 
 Bone, stone. 
 
 Boots, stick shoes. 
 
 Bore, to, mamook thalwhop; mamook 
 hole. 
 
 Borrow, to, ayahwhul; iskum doUa; alki 
 pay. 
 
 Bosom (female), totoosh; yakwahtm. 
 
 Boss, tyee. 
 
 Both, kunamoxt; mokst. 
 
 Bottle, labooti; labotai. 
 
 Bow, opitlkegh; stick musket. 
 
 Bow (of boat), nose. 
 
 Bowl, ooskan; uskan. 
 
 Box, la casett; la kassett. 
 
 Boy, tenas man. 
 
 Bracelet, klikwallie; kweokweo. 
 
 Brass, pil chikamin; klikwallie. 
 
 Brave, skookum tumtum. 
 
 Bread, le pan; sapolil; piah sappolil. 
 
 Break, to, kokshut; mamook kokshut; 
 mamook klimmin. 
 
 Breakfast, muckamuck kopa tenas sun. 
 
 Breasts, totoosh. 
 
 Breath, wind. 
 
 Breech Clout, opoots sill; opoots sail. 
 
 Bride, klootchman yaka chee malieh. 
 
 Bridegroom, man yaka chee malieh. 
 
 Bridle, la bleed. 
 
 Brig-ht, towagh, or tewagh. 
 
 Bring, to, lolo; mamook chahco; newah. 
 
 Broad, klukulh. 
 
 Broken leggeO., kokshut lapea. 
 
 Broken, kokshut. 
 
 Brook, tenas chuck; tenas cooley chuck. 
 
 Broom, bloom. 
 
 Brother, ow. 
 
 Brother, kahpho, or elip ow, if elder 
 than the speaker; kimta ow, or ow, if 
 younger. Male cousins the same. 
 
 Brother-in-law, ats yaka man; klootch- 
 man yaka ow; ekkeh. 
 
 Brown, sitkum klale; tenas klale; klale. 
 
 Buck, man mowitch. 
 
 Bucket, tamolitsh. 
 
 Buffalo, moosmoos; wild moosmoos. 
 
 Build, mamook house. 
 
 Builder, la plash man. 
 
 Bull, man moosmoos. 
 
 Bullet, le bal; kalitan; musket yaka ball. 
 
 Bundle, kow; iktas. 
 
 Bung'ler, man yaka cultus mamook. 
 
 Bum, mamook piah. 
 
 Burst, kokshut. 
 
 Bury, mahsh kopa illahee. 
 
 But, pe; pee. 
 
 Butcher, man yaka kumtuks mamook 
 mimoluse moosmoos, 
 
 Butter, totoosh gleese; totoosh lakles. 
 
 Buttons, chilchil; tsiltsil. 
 
 Buy, to, mahkook. 
 
 By, wake siah kopa; kopa. 
 By-and-by, winapie; alki. 
 
 Calf, tenas moosmoos. 
 
 Calico, tzum sail; sail. 
 
 Call, to, wawa. 
 
 Calm, halo wind. 
 
 Calve, mahsh tenas. 
 
 Can, skookum kopa. 
 
 Candle, la shandel; glease piah. 
 
 Cannot, halo skookum kopa; howk.wutl. 
 
 Canoe, canim. 
 
 Cap, seahpo. 
 
 Capable, skookum kopa; skookum tum- 
 tum. 
 
 Capsize, keelapie; kilapie. 
 
 Captive, elite. 
 
 Capture, mamook kow. 
 
 Car, (B. B.), piah chickchick. 
 
 Careful, kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Careless, kultus; halo kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Carpenter, la plash man. 
 
 carrot, la calat. 
 
 Carry, to, lolo. 
 
 Cart, chikchik; tsiktsik. 
 
 Carve, mamook cut. 
 
 Cascade, tumwata. 
 
 Cash, dolla; chikamin. 
 
 Cask, tamolitsh. 
 
 Cast, mahsh. 
 
 Castrate, to, mahsh stone. 
 
 Cat, pusspuss; pishpish. 
 
 Cataract, tumwater. 
 
 Catch, iskum; mamook kwotl. 
 
 Cautious, (to 1)6), kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Cease, kopet. 
 
 Cedar, canlm stick; lametsin stick; kpai; 
 kalakwahtie stick. 
 
 Cedar Bark ' (inside) , kalakwahtie. 
 
 Celestial, kopa saghalie. 
 
 Certain, delate. 
 
 Cattle, moosmoos. 
 
 Certainly, nawitka. 
 
 Chain, lashen; chikamin lope. 
 
 Chair, la shase. 
 
 Chance, nika tumtum halo yaka chako 
 kahkwa. 
 
 Chang'e, huyhuy; mamook huyhuy. 
 
 Characters, tzum. 
 
 Cheap, wake hyas mahkook. 
 
 Cheat, to, lalah; mamook pelton. 
 
 Cheated, (I am), nika chako pelton. 
 
 Cheeks, seahost; capala. 
 
 Cheer, hiyu kloshe wawa. 
 
 Chicken, la pool. 
 
 Chief, tyee. 
 
 Child, tenas. 
 
 ChUly, tenas cole. 
 
 Choose, tikegh; elip tikegh. 
 
 Christmas, hyas Sunday; klismes. 
 
 Clams, ona; lukutchee; lafcwitohee; 
 clams; (smetocks, the large kind). 
 
 Clay, illahee. 
 
 Clean, (adj.) halo illahee; (n.) mamook 
 clean. 
 
 Clear up, to, chako klah. 
 
 Clerk, tzum man. 
 
 Climb, klatawa saghalie. 
 
 Close, (V.) mamook ikpooie. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 45 
 
 Cloth, (cotton), sail. 
 
 Clothes, iktas. 
 
 CloudB, smoke; smoke kopa saghalle; 
 cultus smoke. 
 
 Coast, lUahee wake slah kopa chuck. 
 
 Coat, capo; kapo. 
 
 Coffee, kaupy. 
 
 Cold, cole. 
 
 Color, tzum; chym. 
 
 Comb, (n. ) comb. 
 
 Comh, to, (v.) mamook comb. 
 
 Come, to, chahko; newah. 
 
 Come out of the water, chako klahanie 
 kopa chuck. 
 
 Command, (v.) mahsh wawa; (n.) law. 
 
 Com.m.andmeiitB, saghalle tyee law. 
 
 Commence, mamook begin; ohee mamook. 
 
 Common, kloshe kopa konoway; cultus. 
 
 Commiuilon, Jesus yaka muckamuck. 
 
 Complete, mamook kopet. 
 
 Conceal, ipsoot. 
 
 Conceive, klap tenas. 
 
 Conceive, (in mind) mamook tumtum. 
 
 Concur, (I), (nika) tumtum kahkwa. 
 
 Confess, to, yiem; wawa. 
 
 Confession, to go to, kotes; kopes. Cha- 
 chas bilalam, or milalam (holy talk). 
 
 Confirmation, lakonfirmation ; kopil masio 
 
 Confine, mamook kow. 
 
 Confirm, mamook delate. 
 
 Confirmed (pas.), chako delate. 
 
 Confirmation, lakonfirmation; kopli masio 
 
 Conerregate, chako, or klatawa kunamokst 
 
 Conjurex, siwash dootln; tamahnous man. 
 
 Conjuring', tamahnous; mamook tamah- 
 mous. 
 
 Consecrate, potlatch kopa saghalie tyee. 
 
 Contented, mitlite kloshe tumtum. 
 
 Contrite, cly tumtum; sick tumtum. 
 
 Control, tolo. 
 
 Conversation, Converse, wawa. 
 
 Convince, tolo. 
 
 Cook, to, mamook piah; mamook piah 
 muckamuck. 
 
 Cooked, (pas.) chako piah. 
 
 Copper, pil chikamin. 
 
 Copy, mamook tzum. 
 
 Cord, tenas lope; lope. 
 
 Cordially, kloshe tumtum. 
 
 Cork, (v.) ikpooie. 
 
 Com, esalth. 
 
 Corral, kuUagh; kuUaghan. 
 
 Correct, delate. 
 
 Cost, (how much) kunjih dolla? 
 
 Cotton goods, sail. 
 
 Cougar, hyas pishpish. 
 
 Cough, hohhoh. 
 
 Counsel, cultus potlatch tumtum. 
 
 Count, mamook kwunnun; mamook kun- 
 I > jih; mamook tahnin. 
 
 Country, illahee. 
 
 Couple, mokst. 
 
 Courage, skookum tumtum. 
 
 Cousin, (see brother and sister.) (Eng- 
 lish, idem.) 
 
 Cover, (V.) mahsh ikta kopa haghalie. 
 
 Covet, tikegh kapswalla. 
 
 Cow, klootchman moosmoos. 
 
 Coward, halo skookum tumtum; kwass 
 man. 
 
 Coyote, talapus. 
 
 Crahapple, powitsh; siwash apple. 
 
 Crack, tsugh. 
 
 Cranherry, solemle; swamp olallie; pil 
 
 olallie; siwash isalk. 
 Crazy, pelton; clazy; pelton scotty. 
 Cream, kloshe totoosh. 
 Cream-colored, le clem. 
 Creator, saghalie tyee. 
 Creek, tenas chuck. 
 Creep, tenas cooley. • 
 
 Cricket, (large), mesachie cultus kala- 
 
 kala; mesachie cultus sopena. 
 Crooked, kiwa; tseepie; clocked ; wake 
 
 delate; hanlkek. 
 Cross, (n.) la cloa. 
 Crow, kahkah. 
 Crowd, hiyu tillikums. 
 Cry, to, cly. 
 
 Cultivate, mamook kloshe. 
 Cup, ooskan; cup; lepot. 
 Cure, mamook kloshe. 
 Cured, chako kloshe. 
 Curly, hunlkih. 
 Currant, pil olallie; culant. 
 Currency, papah dolla. 
 Curse, (n.) mesachie wawa. 
 Curse, (v.) wawa mesachie. 
 Cut, to, tlkope; mamook cut. 
 
 Dance, to, tanse. 
 
 Danger, mesachie mitlite. 
 
 Dark, darkness, polaklle. 
 
 Darken, mamook polaklie. 
 
 Dash, (v.) mahsh. 
 
 Daughter, tenas klootchman. 
 
 Dawn, delate tenas sun; chee chako 
 light. 
 
 Dazzle, hiyu skookum light; kahkwa halo 
 nika nanitsh. 
 
 Dead, memaloost; mimoluse; mahsh, kon- 
 oway yaka wind; yaka wind chako 
 halo. 
 
 Deadness, kahkwa mimoluse. 
 
 Deaf, ikpooie kwollan; halo kwolan. 
 
 Deafen, mamook halo kwolan. 
 
 Deaf mute, halo kwolan halo wawa. 
 
 Death, niimoluse. 
 
 Death bed, bed kah yaka mimoluse. 
 
 Dear, (expensive), hyas mahkook. 
 
 Dear, (loved), kloshe. 
 
 Death warrant, papah yaka wawa, na- 
 wltka yaka mimoluse. 
 
 Debate, pight wawa. 
 
 Debility, halo skookum; wake siah sick. 
 
 Decay, chako cultus; chako mimoluse; 
 chako rotten. 
 
 Deceit, kliminawhit wawa. 
 
 Deceive, wawa kliminawhit mamook 
 lalah. 
 
 Deceiver, yaka kumtuks wawa klimina- 
 whit. 
 
 Decide, mamook tumtum; klap tumtum. 
 
 Decision, tumtum. 
 
 Decline, wawa halo. 
 
 Deed, mamook. 
 
 Deep, klip; hyas keekwulee. 
 
 Deer, mowitsh. 
 
 Defeat, (v.) tolo. 
 
46 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Defend, kloshe nanitch. 
 Defer, mamook alkl; mamook byby. 
 Deficient, wake hiyu. 
 Definite, delate. 
 Deformed, wake delate. 
 Delig'lit, kloshe tumturn. 
 Delighted, mitlite or chako kloshe turn- 
 turn. 
 Delirious, huloima latet; kahkwa clazy. 
 Demand, wawa; skookura wawa. 
 Demon, skookum; lejaub; kahkwa lejaub; 
 
 mesachie tamahnous. 
 Deny, Denial, wawa halo. 
 Dense, hiyu. 
 Dentist, doctln kopa teeth; doctin kopa 
 
 letah. 
 Depart, klatawa. 
 Descend, klatawa keekwulee. 
 Describe, mamook kumtuks. 
 Desert, (n. ) illahee kah halo ikta mitlite. 
 Desert, (v.) kapswalla klataway; mahsh. 
 Devil, diaub; yaub; lejaub. 
 Diabolical, kahkwa lejaub. 
 Dialect, lalan§:. 
 Dialog'ue, ikt man yaka wawa, huloima 
 
 man yaka wawa, laly kahkwa. 
 Did, mamook. 
 Die, mimoluse; mahsh konoway yaka 
 
 wind. 
 Differ, huloima tumtum. 
 Different, Difference, huloima. 
 Difficult, kull. 
 Dig, to, mamook illahee; mamook kok- 
 
 shut illahee. 
 Dig" a hole, mamook hole; mamook 
 
 tlwhop. 
 Dilute, mahsh chuck kunamokst. 
 Dime, bit, or mit. 
 Dimension, kunjih hyas. 
 Dine, Dinner, muckamuck kopa sitkum 
 
 sun. 
 Direct, delate. 
 
 Directly, alki; winapie; tshike. 
 Dirty, allihee mitlite; hyas humm. 
 Disagree, halo tumtum kahkwa. 
 Disappoint, mamook pelton. 
 Disbelieve, halo tumtum kahkwa. 
 Disappear, chako halo. 
 Discard, Discharge, mahsh. 
 Discover, elip nanitch. 
 Dishonest, kumtuks kapswalla. 
 Dislike, halo tikegh. 
 
 Disobey, halo iskum wawa; mahsh wawa. 
 Disrelish, halo tikegh muckamuck. 
 Dissent, huloima tumtum. 
 Distance, (what), kunjih siah. 
 Distant, siah. 
 Distinguish, nanitch. 
 Distress, klahowya tumtum; klahowya. 
 Distrust, kwass. 
 
 Dive, klatawa keekwulee kopa chuck. 
 Diverse, huloima. 
 Divine, kahkwa saghalie tyee. 
 Doctor, doctin. 
 
 Doctress, klootchman doctin. 
 Dodge, hyak klatawa; klatawa yahwa 
 
 yahwa. 
 Dog, kamooks. 
 
 Dollar, dolla, or tahla; chikamin. 
 Do, mamook. 
 
 Donation, cultus potlatch. 
 
 Door, la pote. 
 
 Double, mokst. 
 
 Double minded, mokst tumtum. 
 
 Doubt, halo delate kumtuks. 
 
 Down, (adj.) keekwulee; whim. 
 
 Down, (n.), kalakala tupso. 
 
 Downcast, sick tumtum. 
 
 Down Hill, keekwulee. 
 
 Downright, delate. 
 
 Down stream, mimie; cooley chuck. 
 
 Dozology, mahsie kopa saghalie tyee. 
 
 Dozen, tahtlum pe mokst. 
 
 Drab, tenas klale, tenas tkope. 
 
 Drag, Dra^, haul. 
 
 Drawback, mamook haul kimta. 
 
 Drawers, keekwulee sakolleks. 
 
 Dread, kwass. 
 
 Dream, dleam; nanitch kopa moosum; 
 
 moosum nanitch. 
 Dreary, cultus. 
 Drench, mahsh kopa chuck; mahsh chuck 
 
 kopa. 
 Drenched, (pas.), mitlite hiyu chuck; 
 
 hiyu chuck mitlite kopa. 
 Dress, klootchman coat. 
 Drink, to, muckamuck; muckamuck 
 
 chuck or kaupy; or whiskey, etc., as 
 
 the case may be. 
 Drinkable, kloshe kopa muckamuck. 
 Drip, chuck klatawa. 
 Drive, mamook kishkish. 
 Drizzle, tenas snass. 
 Drown, mimoluse kopa chuck. 
 Drowsy, tikegh moosum; tikegh sleep. 
 Drug, lametsin. 
 Drum, (Indian), pompon. 
 Drunk, (adj.), pahtlum; dlunk. 
 Drunk, (v.), chako pahtlum. 
 Drunkard, pahtlum man; man kwanesum 
 
 pahtlum. 
 Dry, Dryness, dly; dely. 
 Dual, mokst. 
 Dubious, mokst tumtum. 
 Duck, (Mallard), hahlhahl; kwehkweh; 
 
 hahthaht. 
 Ducking, mahsh kopa chuck; klatawa 
 
 kopa chuck. 
 Dug, mamook dig. 
 
 Dull, halo tumtum; wake siah halo latet. 
 Duly, delate. 
 
 Dumb, wake wawa; halo wawa. 
 During, kopa. 
 Durst, skookum tumtum. 
 Dust, polallie; tenas illahee; klimmin 
 
 klimmin illahee. 
 Dwell, mitlite. 
 Dye, (v.), mamook tzum. 
 Dying, wake siah mimoluse. 
 Dyeing, mamook tzum. 
 
 Eager, hyas tikegh. 
 
 Each, ikt ikt. 
 
 Eagle, chakchak. 
 
 Ear, kwolann. 
 
 Early, tenas sun. 
 
 Earnest, skookum tumtum. 
 
 Earn, to, tolo. 
 
 Earth, illahie. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 47 
 
 East, kah sun yaka chako. 
 
 Easter, pak; paska. 
 
 Easy, halo kull. 
 
 Eat, to, muckamuck. 
 
 Eatable, kloshe kopa muckamuck. 
 
 Ebb tide, chuck yaka klatawa. 
 
 Eccentilo, huloima. 
 
 Eclipse, sun (or moon), yaka chako 
 
 klale. 
 Eddy, kah chuck klatawa saghalle. 
 Edify, mamook kumtuks. 
 Editor, tzum (or tyee) man kopa news- 
 paper. 
 Educate, mamook kumtuks. 
 Effect, (v.) mamook. 
 Effects, (n.) iktas. 
 Effeminate, kahkwa klootchman. 
 Efficient,' skookum; kloshe. 
 Hgg, lesap; lesep; hen olallie. 
 Ei^lit, stotekln; kwinnum pe klone; 
 
 eight. 
 Eig'liteen, tahtlum pe stotekln. 
 Eig'li.ty, stotekln tahtlum. 
 Eiglit liundred, stotekln tukamonuk. 
 Eltber — or, klonasklonas. 
 Eject, mahsh klahanle. 
 Elder, elip. 
 
 Elder brother, kahpo. 
 Eleg'ant, hyas kloshe. 
 Elevate, mamook saghalie. 
 Elevated, (pas.), chako. (saghalle, or 
 
 klatawa saghalle, as the case may be, 
 
 whether speaking of self or another. 
 Elk, moolock; mooluk. 
 Eloquent, kumtuks wawa. 
 Else, huloima. 
 Elnde, ipsoot klatawa. 
 Embark, klatawa kopa canim; boat or 
 
 ship. 
 Emblem, kahkwa picture. 
 Embrace, iskum kopa lemah. 
 Emetic, lametsln yaka skookum kopa 
 
 help mika mahsh mika muckamuck. 
 Emotion, cly tumtum; kahkwa cly. 
 Employer, tyee; boss. 
 Empty, halo ikta mltlite. 
 Enact, mamook. 
 Encircle, ikt yahwa, Ikt yahwa, Ikt yah- 
 
 wa. pe mamook kow. 
 Enclose, mamook keekwulee. 
 Enclosure, Kullaghan; Kullagh; pense. 
 End, opoots. 
 
 Endeavor, tikegh mamook. 
 Endless, kwanesum. 
 Endure, kwanesum mamook; kwanesum 
 
 mltlite. 
 Enemy, solleks tUlikum; mesachie tiUi- 
 
 kum. 
 Energ'y, skookum mamook. 
 Eng'land, King George illahee. 
 Eng'llsli, Engrllslunan, King Chautsh; 
 
 King George tlllikum. 
 Enfifrave, mamook tzum. 
 Enjoy, mltlite kloshe tumtum. 
 Enlarg-e, mamook hyas. 
 Enoutrh, kopet hiyu;- hiyu; kopet. 
 Enquire, wawa; ask; tikegh kumtuks. 
 Enracred, solleks. 
 Enslave, mamook elite. 
 Enslaved, (pas.) chako elite. 
 
 Enter, klatawa keekwulee, klatawa in- 
 side. 
 
 Entertain, (as a guest), kloshe manltch. 
 
 Entire, konoway. 
 
 Entrails, kiyagh; guts; keekwulee yak- 
 wahtin kaiah. 
 
 Entrap, iskum kopa trap. 
 
 Enumerate, mamook kunjih; mamook 
 tzum. 
 
 Envelope, (n.), klahanie papeh. 
 
 Envelope, (v.), mamook kow. 
 
 Epilepsy, sick kahkwa clazy. 
 
 Equal, kahkwa. 
 
 Equity, delate mamook. 
 
 Erect, mltwhit; delate. 
 
 Escape, chako klahanie (for first or sec- 
 ond persons); klatawa klahanie (for 
 third person); klatawa. 
 
 Escort, (V.) klatawa kunamokst pe 
 kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Espy, nanitch. 
 
 Estate, iktas pe illahee kopa mimoluse 
 man or klootchman; mimoluse man or 
 klootchman yaka iktas pe illahee. 
 
 Estimate, (n.), tumtum. 
 
 Estimate, (v.), mamook tumtum. 
 
 Eternal, kwanesum. 
 
 Etlmoloffy, kumtuks kopa tillikums; 
 kumtuks kopa siwash. 
 
 Eulog'ize, wawa kloshe wawa. 
 
 Evacuate, mamook halo; konoway kla- 
 tawa klahanie. 
 
 Eve, tenas polaklie. 
 
 Even, konaway kahkwa; kloshe. 
 
 Evening', tenas polaklie. 
 
 Ever, Everlasting-, kwanesum. 
 
 Every, konaway. 
 
 Everywhere, konaway kah. 
 
 Evict, mash klahanie. 
 
 Evil, mesachie. 
 
 Exact, delate. 
 
 Ezaerg'erate, wake siah kliminawhit. 
 
 Exalt, mamook saghalie; mamook hyas. 
 
 Exalted, (pas.), chako saghalie; klatawa 
 saghalie; chako hyas. 
 
 Examine, delate nanitch. 
 
 Exceed, chako elip hiyu. 
 
 Excel, elip kloshe. 
 
 Excellent, hyas kloshe. 
 
 Except, (prep.), kopet. 
 
 Excess, elip hiyu. 
 
 Excbang-e, huyhuy. 
 
 Excite^ mamook hyas yaka tumtum. 
 
 Exclaim, Exclamation, skookum wawa; 
 wawa. 
 
 Exclude, Excommunicate, mahsh klah- 
 anie. 
 
 Excuse, mamook klahowya. 
 
 Execute, mamook mimoluse. 
 
 Exercise, Exert, mamook. 
 
 Exhale, mahsh wind. 
 
 Exhaust, mamook till. 
 
 Exhausted, (pas.), chako delate till; 
 wake siah mimoluse kopa till. 
 
 Exhort, skookum wawa; wawa skookum. 
 
 Exile, (v), or 
 
 Expa-triate, mahsh klahanie kopa yaka 
 illahee. 
 
 Exist, mltlite. 
 
 Expedite, mamook hyak. 
 
48 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Expel, mahsh. 
 
 Expend, pay; potlatch. 
 
 Expert, delate yaka kumtuks. 
 
 Expire, mimoluse; mahsh konoway yaka 
 wind. 
 
 Explain, mamook kumtuks. 
 
 Explore, klatawa pe nanitch. 
 
 Express, (v.), wawa. 
 
 ExcLUisite, delate kloshe. 
 
 Extend, mamook hyas. 
 
 Extended, (pas.), chako hyas. 
 
 Extensive, hyas. 
 
 Exterior, klahanle. 
 
 Exterminate, Extingniish, mamook halo; 
 mahsh. 
 
 Extol, potlatch hyas kloshe wawa. 
 
 Extreiordinary, hyas huloima. 
 
 Extravagrant, cultus mahkook iktas. 
 
 Extreme unction, exstlem oksio. 
 •Eye, Eyeball, seahost; eye. 
 
 Eyelash, skin kopa eye. 
 
 Eyewater, lametsin kopa seahost. 
 
 Eyewitness, man yaka delate nanitch. 
 F 
 
 Eable, wake delate wawa. 
 
 Fabric, iktas. 
 
 Face, seahhost. 
 
 Facility, halo kuU. 
 
 Fact, delate wawa. 
 
 Fade, chako spooh. 
 
 Faded, spooh. 
 ■ TaggeA, chako till. 
 
 Fair, kloshe. 
 
 Fall, fall down; mamook whim. 
 
 False, or 
 
 Falsehood, kliminawhit; tseepie. 
 
 Fame, hyas nem. 
 
 Family, tillikums. 
 
 Famisli, wake siah mimoluse kopa olo. 
 
 Far, siah. 
 
 Farm, illahee. 
 
 Farther, elip siah. 
 
 Farthest, elip siah kopa konoway. 
 
 Fast, (tight), kwult; hyas kull. 
 
 Fast, (quick), hyak. 
 
 Fasten, mamook kow. 
 
 Pat, glease. 
 
 Father, papa. 
 
 Fathom, itlan. 
 
 Patig-ue, till. 
 
 Fatten, mamook glease. 
 
 Fault, wake delate mamook. 
 
 Favor, kloshe tumtum. 
 
 Fawn, tenas mo witch; mowitch yaka 
 tenas. 
 
 Fear, kwass. 
 
 Fearless, halo kwass. 
 
 Feast, muckamuck; hiyu muckamuck. 
 
 Feather, kalakala yaka tupso. 
 
 Feeble, wake skookum; halo skookum. 
 
 Feed, potlatch muckamuck. 
 
 Feel, (with hand), kumtuks kopa lemah. 
 
 Feel,, (with heart), sick tumtum. 
 
 Feet, lapea. 
 
 Fell, to, (as a tree), mamook whim. 
 
 Fellow, tlllikum. 
 
 Female, klootchman. 
 
 Ferment, kahkwa liplip; chako waum. 
 
 Fence, kullagh; kullahan; pence. 
 
 Ferocious, hyas tikegh pight; delate 
 kumtuks pight. 
 
 Fervent, Fervor, waum tumtum. 
 
 Fester, chako sick, pe chako hyas. 
 
 Festival, hyas kloshe time; hiyu mucka- 
 muck. 
 
 Fetch, to, lolo; mamook chako. 
 
 Fever, waum sick. 
 
 Fever and Asrue, cole sick, waum sick. 
 
 Few, wake hiyu; tenas. 
 
 Fib, kliminawhit. 
 
 Fiction, wake delate wawa. 
 
 Field, illahee. 
 
 Fiend, mesachie tamahnous. 
 
 Fierce, hyas tikegh pight. 
 
 Fifteen, tahtlum pe kwinnum. 
 
 Fifty, kwinnum tahtlum. 
 
 Fig'ht, to, mamook solleks; pight; ma- 
 mook pukpuk. 
 
 Fig'ht, (with fists), mamook pukpuk. 
 
 Fignired, (as calico), tzum. 
 
 File, la leem. 
 
 Fill, to, mamook pahtl. 
 
 Filthy, mesachie; humm; cultus. 
 
 Fin, pish yaka lemah. 
 
 Find, to, klap. 
 
 Fine, (adj.), kloshe. 
 
 Fine, (v.), mamook fine. 
 
 Fine, (n.), fine. 
 
 Flng'ers, le doo; lemah. 
 
 Finger ring', kweokweo. 
 
 Finish, mamook kopet. 
 
 Fir, moola stick. 
 
 Fire, piah; olapitski. 
 
 Fireplace, kah piah mitllte. 
 
 Firm, skookum. 
 
 First, elip. 
 
 First bom, elip tenas. 
 
 Fish, pish. 
 
 Fisherman, pishman. 
 
 Fishery, kah pish mitlite; kah iskum 
 pish. 
 
 Fishhoolc, pishhook; ikkik. 
 
 Fishline, pish lope. 
 
 Fishrod, pish stick. 
 
 Fishy, kahkwa pish. 
 
 Fists, lemah kahkwa (showing how). 
 
 Fit, kahkwa clazy. 
 
 Five, kwinnum. 
 
 Five hundred, kwinnum tukamonuk. 
 
 Fix, mamook kloshe. 
 
 Flag', sail; flag; hyas Sunday sail. 
 
 Flea, sopen inapoo; chotub. 
 
 Flesh, itl Willie; meat. 
 
 Flies, tenas kalakala; lemosh. 
 
 Flimsy, wake skookum. 
 
 Fling, mahsh. 
 
 Flint, kilitsut. 
 
 Float, mitlite saghalie kopa cliuck. 
 
 Flock, hiyu sheep, or kalakala. 
 
 Flood, pahtl chuck; hiyu chuck. 
 
 Flour, sapolil; klimmin sapolil. 
 
 Flow, klatawa. 
 
 Flowers, kloshe tupso. 
 
 Fluid, kahkwa chuck. 
 
 Fly, (v.), mamook fly; kawak. 
 
 Foal, (n.), tenas kuitan. 
 
 Foal, (to be with) (v.), klootchman kui- 
 tan yaka mitlite tenas. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 49 
 
 Toe, smoke; oultus smoke. 
 
 7oIkB, tillikums. 
 
 Follow, klatawa kimta. 
 
 Polly, kahkwa pelton. 
 
 Food, muckamuck. 
 
 Fool, pelton. 
 
 FoollBli, Foolhardy, kahkwa pelton. 
 
 Foot, lepee. 
 
 Footsteps, Footprint, kah lapea mitlite 
 (showing how; teahwlt). 
 
 For, kopa. 
 
 Forbear, kopet. 
 
 Forbid, wawa kloshe kopet. 
 
 Ford, kah kloshe nesika klatawa enatl 
 kopa chuck. 
 
 Forefather, ahnkuttie. papa. 
 
 Foreign, huloima. 
 
 Forenoon, elip sitkum sun. 
 
 Forest, kah hlyu stick initllte. 
 
 Foretell, wawa elip. 
 
 Forever, kwahnesum. 
 
 Foreret, to, mahlie; mahsh tumtum; ko- 
 pet kumtuks 
 
 Forgive, mamook klowhowya. 
 
 Fork, la pooshet. 
 
 Former, elip. 
 
 Formerly, ahnkuttie. 
 
 Forsake, mahsh. 
 
 Fortnight, mokst Sunday. 
 
 Fortunate, kloshe. 
 
 Forty, lakit tahtlum. 
 
 Fo> vhat, pe kahta. 
 
 Foul, cultus. 
 
 Found, klap. 
 
 Four, lakit, or lokit. 
 
 Fourteen, tahtlum pe lakit. 
 
 Four hundred, lakit tukamonuk. 
 
 Fowl, la pool. 
 
 Fox, talapus; hyas opoots talapus. 
 
 Fragrant, kloshe. 
 
 France, Fasaiooks illahee. 
 
 Frank, open. 
 
 Fraternal, kahkwa ow. 
 
 Free, halo elite. 
 
 Freeze, hyas cole. 
 
 French, Frenchman, Pasiooks; Pasaiooks. 
 
 Freciuently, hiyu times. 
 
 Fresh, chee. 
 
 Fret, tenas solleks. 
 
 Friday, Kwinnum sun. 
 
 Friend, sikhs, or shikhs; 'illikum. 
 
 Friendly, kloshe tumtum; kahkwa tilli- 
 kum. 
 
 Friendless, halo tUlikum. 
 
 Frighten, mamook kwass. 
 
 Frightened, (passive), ohako kwass. 
 
 Frog, shwah-kuk; wakik. 
 
 Frolic, heehee. 
 
 Frolicsome, pahtl kopa heehee. 
 
 From, kopa. 
 
 Frown, kahkwa solleks. 
 
 Fry, to, mamook piah; mamook cook; 
 mam-ook la'po-el. 
 
 Frying-pan, la po-el. 
 
 Fuel, piah stick. 
 
 Fulfill, mamook kopet. 
 
 Full, pahtl. 
 
 Fun, heehee. 
 
 Fund, ohikarain; doUa. 
 
 Fundament, opoots. 
 
 Funeral, lolo or mahsh mimoluse tilU- 
 
 kum kopa mimoluse illahee. 
 Fur, eena tupso. 
 Furniture, iktas. 
 Furthermost; furtherest, elip siah kopa 
 
 konoway. 
 Futile, cultus. 
 Future, alki; hy-by; winapie. 
 
 Gab; gabble, wawa. 
 
 G-ad, moosmoos stick; gad. 
 
 Gain, tolo. 
 
 Gallop, to, kwalalkwalal; hyak klatawa. 
 
 Gallows, stick kah mamook mimoluse 
 kopa lope. 
 
 Gamble, gamble; mamook gamble; ma- 
 mook itlokum; heehee lemah (with 
 disks) chis chis; itlokum. 
 
 Game, heehee. 
 
 Garments, iktas. 
 
 Gas, kahkwa wind. 
 
 Gash, (n.), cut; kokshut. 
 
 Gash, (v.), mamook cut; mamook kok- 
 shut. 
 
 Gasp, hyas kull spose yaka iskum yaka 
 wind; wake siah lost yaka wind. 
 
 Gather, to, iskum; hokumelh. 
 
 Gay, kloshe; heehee. 
 
 Gaze, skookum nanitch. 
 
 Gender, is distinguished by prefixing the 
 word man for male, and klootchman 
 for female. 
 
 General, hyas tyee. 
 
 Generous, kloshe kopa cultus potlatch. 
 
 Gentle, halo wild; kwan. 
 
 Genuine, delate. 
 
 Geography, book yaka. 
 
 Geography, book yaka mamook kumtuks 
 nesika kopa konoway illahee. 
 
 Geology, book yaka mamook kumtuks ne- 
 sika kopa konaway stone. 
 
 German, Dutchman. 
 
 Get, to, Iskum. 
 
 Get out, klatawa; mahsh. 
 
 Get up, mamook getup; getup. 
 
 Ghost, tamahnous; skookum. 
 
 Giant, delate hyas man. 
 
 Gift, cultus potlatch. 
 
 Giggle, heehee. 
 
 Gilt, kahkwa pil chikamin. 
 
 Gipsy, huloima tilllkum. 
 
 Girl, tenas klootchman. 
 
 Girlish, kahkwa tenas klootchman. 
 
 Give, to, potlatch. 
 
 Glad, kwann; youtl tumtum; kwatl. 
 
 Glare, skookum light. 
 
 Gleam, tenas light. 
 
 Glean, iskum; kokumelh. 
 
 Glee, heehee. 
 
 Gloom, polaklie. 
 
 Gloomy, kahkwa polaklie. 
 
 Glorious, hyas kloshe. 
 
 Glory, hyas kloshe nem. 
 
 Gnats, dago; lemus. 
 
 Gnaw, muckamuck; muckamuck kahkwa 
 eena. 
 
 Go, to, klatawa. 
 
50 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Q-oblln, tamahnous; tsialko. 
 
 God, Saghalie Tyee. 
 
 Qodless, halo tikegh Saghalie Tyee. 
 
 O-odlike; Godly, kahkwa Saghalie Tyee. 
 
 Gold, pil chikamin. 
 
 Golden, kahkwa pil chikamin. 
 
 Good, kloshe. 
 
 Good-bye, klahowya. 
 
 Good splxit, kloshe tamahnous; econe. 
 
 Goods, iktahs. 
 
 Goose, kalakala; whuywhuy; kalakalak- 
 ma. 
 
 Gore, (n.), pilpil; (v.), mamook kokshut 
 pe pilpil yaka chako. 
 
 Gospel, Saghalie Tyee yaka wawa. 
 
 Gossip, wawa. 
 
 Govern, mamook tyee. 
 
 Governor, tyee. 
 
 Graceful,, kloshe. 
 
 Graduate (v.), kopet kopa school. 
 
 Grain, sapolll. 
 
 Grammar, book yaka mamook kumtuks 
 neslka kopa lalang. 
 
 Grand, hyas kloshe. 
 
 Grand child, tenas yaka tenas; koim. 
 
 Granddang'liter, tenas yaka tenas 
 klootchman. 
 
 Grandfatlier, papa yaka papa; chope. 
 
 Grandmother, mama yaka mama; chitsh; 
 nltz. 
 
 Grandson, tenas yaka tenas man. 
 
 Grant, potlatch. 
 
 Grass, tupso; tupso kopa illahee. 
 
 Grassliopper, tlak tlak. 
 
 Grateful, (adj.), mahsie tumtum. 
 
 Grateful, (v.), wawa mahsie. 
 
 Grave, mimoluse illahee. 
 
 Gravestone, stone kopa mimoluse illahee. 
 
 Graze, muckamuck tupso. 
 
 Grease, glease; lakles. 
 
 Greasy, kahkwa glease. 
 
 Great, hyas. 
 
 Greedy; tlkegh konoway; hyas tikegh. 
 
 Green, peohugh; pale green, kawkawak. 
 
 Greet, wawa. 
 
 Gray; a gray horse, legley. 
 
 Grind, (as flour), mamook sapolil; ma- 
 mook klimmin-klimmin; as ax, ma- 
 mook sharp; mamook kloshe. 
 
 Grit, tenas stone; kahkwa stone. 
 
 Grizzly bear, siam. 
 
 Groom, kuitan man: man yaka kloshe 
 nanltch kuitan. ( See bridegroom.) 
 
 Ground, illahee. 
 
 Grouse, glouse; siwash chicken; siwash 
 lapool. 
 
 Grow, chako hyas. 
 
 Growl; g'rumlile, solleks wawa. 
 
 Guard, kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Guardian, man yaka kloshe nanitch te- 
 nas. 
 
 Guard house, skookum house. 
 
 Guess, mika tumtum; guess. 
 
 Guilt, mesachie. 
 
 Gum, la gome. 
 
 Gun, musket; sukwalal. 
 
 Gunpowder, polallie. 
 H 
 
 Ha, nah. 
 
 Hail, cole snass. 
 
 Hair, tupso; tupso kopa latet; yakao. 
 Hair brush, tupso bloom. 
 Half, sitkum. 
 
 Half-breed, sitkum siwash — sitkum Bos- 
 ton. 
 Halloo, nah. 
 
 Halt, kopet klatawa; kopet cooley. 
 Ham, cosho; dly cosho. 
 Hammer, lemahto. 
 Hand, le mah. 
 
 Hand, (riirht), kloshe lemah. 
 Handcuff, chikamin kopa mamook kow 
 
 lemah. 
 Hand (g'ame of), Itlokum. 
 Handkerchief, hakatshum. 
 Handsome, hyas kloshe. 
 Hangf, mlmaluse kopa lope kopa yaka 
 
 neck. 
 Happy, kloshe tumtum; youtl tumtum. 
 Hard, kull. 
 
 Harden, mamook kull. 
 Hare, kwitshadie; kwetshoddie. 
 Hark, nah; nanitch. 
 Harlot, mesachie klootchman. 
 Harm, (n.), mesachie. 
 Harm, (v.), mamook mesachie. 
 Harrow, to, mamook comb illahie. 
 Hasten, hyak. 
 Hat, seahpo. 
 Hatch, chicken chako kopo eggs; tenas 
 
 lapool chee chako. 
 Hatchet, tenas lahash. 
 Haul, mamook haul. 
 Haul with wagon, lolo kopa chikchik. 
 Have, mitlite. 
 Hawk, hawk, shakshak. 
 Hay, hay; dly tupso. 
 Hazel bush, toholal stick. 
 Hazel-nuts, tukwilla. 
 He, his, yaka; yahka. 
 Head, la tet. 
 
 Headache, sick kopa latet. 
 Headwind, cultus wind. 
 Heal, mamook kloshe. 
 Healed, (passive), chako kloshe. 
 Healthy, halo sick. 
 Heap, hiyu. 
 
 Hear, kumtuks kopa kwolan. 
 Hearsay, cultus kumtuks kopa kwolan. 
 Heart, tumtum. 
 Heartache, sick tumtum. 
 Heat, waum. 
 Heathen, tillikums klaska halo kumtuks 
 
 kopa Saghalie Tyee. 
 Heave, mahsh. 
 Heaven, Saghalie; Saghalie Tyee yaka 
 
 illahee; koosah; saghalie Illahie. 
 Heavy, till. 
 
 Heed, (take), kloshe nanitch. 
 Heirs, yaka tenas, pe yaka kloochman. 
 Hell, hyas piah; lejaub yaka illahee; 
 
 keekwulee illahee. 
 Helm, ludda. 
 
 Help, to, mamook elann; mamook help. 
 Helve, lahash stick; stick kopa lahash. 
 Hen, klootchman chicken. 
 Hence, (conj.), kahkwa. 
 Hence, (adj.), yukwa. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 51 
 
 Her, yaka. 
 
 Eers, kopa yaka; yakas; yaka. 
 
 Eerli, lametsin tupso. 
 
 Herd, hlyu moosmoos. 
 
 Here, yukwa; how; nah. 
 
 HenuaphTOdite, burdash. 
 
 Eerrin?, tenas pish; oolohus. 
 
 Eerself, yaka self. 
 
 Eey, nah. 
 
 Hid, hide, to, (v.), Ipsoot. 
 
 Elde, skin. 
 
 Elg'li, saghalie; long; high. 
 
 Eilarity, hlyu heehee. 
 
 Elg'liway, ooakut; wayhut. 
 
 ElU, tenas saghalie lllahee. 
 
 Elm, yaka. 
 
 Eimself, yaka self. 
 
 Einder, wake siah inamook stop. 
 
 Eiut, wawa. 
 
 Eire, potlatch mamook. 
 
 Elred, (passive), iskum mamook. 
 
 His, kopa yaka; yakas; yaka. 
 
 Elt, to, mamook kokshut; kwulh. 
 
 Elt, (passive), chako kokshut. 
 
 Eitcli, mamook kow. 
 
 Either, yakwa. 
 
 Eg, nah; howh. 
 
 Eoarse, cole sick wawa. 
 
 Hoary, t'kope. 
 
 Eoaz, pelton mamook. 
 
 Eoe, la peosh. 
 
 Eojr, cosho. 
 
 Eogs'lsli, kahkwa cosho. 
 
 Eold, iskum; halo mahsh, 
 
 Eold on, kloshe mitlite; kloshe wait; 
 
 hold on. 
 Eole, klawhap. 
 
 Eollday, hyas Sunday; Sunday. 
 Eoly, kahkwa Saghalie Tyee, 
 Eoly day, lepet. 
 Eoly Ghost, Saint Espli. 
 Eoly orders, lordr; olt. 
 Eoly Trinity, Lasait Trinite. 
 EoUow, halo ikta mitlite. 
 Eonest, wake kapswalla; halo kumtuks 
 
 kapswalla. 
 Honey, honey; kahkwa shuga. 
 Eonor, kloshe nem. 
 Eop, sopen. 
 Eope, tikegh kahkwa. 
 Eopefnl, halo kwass. 
 Eops, (wild), tlanemas. 
 Eops, (tame), hops. 
 Eom, stone; bone. 
 Horrible; horrid, hyas mesachie. 
 Horror, hyas kwass. 
 Horse, kiuatan; kuitan. 
 Eorseback, kopa kuitan. 
 Eorsehalr, kuitan tupso. 
 Eorse race, cooley kuitan. 
 Eorse shoes, kuitan shoes; chikamin 
 
 shoes. 
 Sose, stocken. 
 Hospitable, kloshe. 
 Hostile, solleks. 
 Eot, hyas warm. 
 Eonr, tintin; dingding. 
 Eonse, house. 
 Eow, kahta. 
 
 How are you? klahowya. 
 
 Howl, kamooks yaka wawa. 
 
 How larire, kunjlh hyas. 
 
 How many, kunsih; kunjih. 
 
 Enckleberrles, shot olallie. 
 
 Eoman, kahkwa man. 
 
 Humble, halo proud. 
 
 Humorous, heehee. 
 
 Hundred, tukamonuk. 
 
 Hungry, olo. 
 
 Eunt, mamook hunt. 
 
 Eurl, mahsh. 
 
 Hurry, hyak; howh. 
 
 Hurt, (adj.), kokshut. 
 
 Hurt, (v.), chako kokshut. 
 
 Hurt one's feeling's, mamook sick tum- 
 
 tum; mamook kahta. 
 Eusband, (my), nika man. 
 Hush, kopet wawa; kopet noise. 
 Hypocrite, man yaka kloshe kopa yaka 
 
 lapush, pe klale kopa yaka tumtum. 
 
 I, nika. 
 
 Ice, cole chuck. 
 
 Idea, tumtum. 
 
 Identical, delate kahkwa. 
 
 Idiot, pelton man. 
 
 Idle, cultus mitlite. 
 
 If, spose. 
 
 Igiiite, mamook piah. 
 
 Ignorant, halo kumtuks; blind kopa tum- 
 tum. 
 
 HI; illness, sick. 
 
 lUtreat, mamook mesachie; mamook kah- 
 ta. 
 
 Imbibe, muckamuck. 
 
 Imitate, mamook kahkwa. 
 
 Imitation, kahkwa mamook. 
 
 Immaterial, cultus. 
 
 Immeasurable, halo kumtuks kunjih hy- 
 as. 
 
 Immense, delate hyas. 
 
 Immigrate, chako kopa Ikt illahee.. 
 
 Immodest; immoral, mesachie. 
 
 Impatience, halo tikegh mitlite. 
 
 Imperfect, wake delate. 
 
 Impossible, wake skookum kopa. 
 
 Improbable, (nika) tumtum yaka halo 
 kahkwa. 
 
 Improper, wake kloshe. 
 
 Improve, chako tenas kloshe. 
 
 In, kopa. 
 
 Inability, wake skookum kopa. 
 
 Inasmuch, kahkwa. 
 
 Incite, mamook waum yaka tumtum. 
 
 Incomplete, wake yaka kopet. 
 
 Indeed, nawitka. 
 
 Independent, (He is), cultus kopa (yaka) 
 kopa huloima tillikumi?. 
 
 Indian, siwash. 
 
 Indian medicine, kelale. 
 
 Indifferent, (I am), cultus kopa nika. 
 
 Induce (him), mamook haul yaka tum- 
 tum. 
 
 Indulge, iskum. 
 
 Industrious, kwanesum mamook. 
 
 Inebriate, man yaka kwanesum pahtlum; 
 
52 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 man yaka kwanesum muckamuck 
 whiskey. 
 
 Infant, tenas; chee tenas. 
 
 Inheilt, iskum spose (mika) papa yaka 
 minoluse. 
 
 Ink, klale chuck kopa maniook tzum. 
 
 Intivixe, wawa. 
 
 In shore, mahtwillie. 
 
 Inside, keekwulee. 
 
 Inspire, mamook "waum yaka tumtum. 
 
 Instantly, hyak. 
 
 Insufficient, wake hiyu. 
 
 Intend (I), nika tumtum. 
 
 Intention, tumtum. 
 
 Intercede, (yon for me), kloshe mlka 
 potlatoh nika wawa kopa yaka. 
 
 Interpret, mamook cooley kopa huloima 
 lalang or wawa; mamook kumtuks hu- 
 loima or wawa. 
 
 Interval, tenas laly. 
 
 Intimate, kloshe. 
 
 Invade, klatawa pe tikegh pight. 
 
 Invisible (to you), wake kahta mika 
 nanitch. 
 
 Inward, keewulee. 
 
 Iron, chikamin. 
 
 Irresolute, wake skookum tumtum. 
 
 Irrig'ate, mamook cooley chuck. 
 
 Is, Mitllte is sometimes used, and some- 
 times no word is used. 
 
 Island, ailand; tenas illahee. 
 
 It, yaka, yahka. 
 
 Itch, tlihtlih. 
 
 Its, kopa yaka; yakas; yaka. 
 
 Itself, yaka self. 
 
 Ivy, stick kahkwa lope. 
 
 Jail, skookum house. 
 
 Jargon (Chinook), Chinook. 
 
 Jealous, sick tunftum. 
 
 Jerk, hyak mamook haul. 
 
 Jerked heef, moosmoos itlwillie chako 
 dly. 
 
 Jest, oultus wawa. 
 
 Job, mamook. 
 
 Join, chako kunamokst. 
 
 Joke, (n.), cultus wawa. 
 
 Joke, (v.), mamook heehee. 
 
 Jolly, heehee tumtum. 
 
 Journey, cooley. 
 
 Joy, Joyful, youtl tumtum. 
 
 Jndg'e, tyee kopa court. 
 
 Juer, stone labooti. 
 
 Juice, olallie chuck. 
 
 Jump, to, sopena. 
 
 Jury, man kopa court klaska tikegh; 
 kumtuks konoway mesachie, pe ma- 
 mook kloshe kopa tillikums. 
 
 Just, delate. 
 
 K 
 
 Kamass root, lakamass. 
 
 Kettle, ketling. 
 
 Key, lekleh. 
 
 Kick, to, mamook kokshut; chukkin. 
 
 Kill, mamook mimoluse. 
 
 Kind, kloshe. 
 
 Kindred, tillikums. 
 
 Kiss, bebe. 
 
 Kitten, tenas pishpish. 
 
 Kneel, mamook kahkwa (showing how). 
 
 Knife, opitsah. 
 
 Knit, mamook stocken. 
 
 Knock, to, koko; mamook kokshut; ma- 
 mook kahkwa (showing how). 
 
 Knot, lemah; lemah kopa stick. 
 
 Knotty, hunlkih; hiyu lemah. 
 
 Know, to, knowledgre, kumtuks. 
 
 Knuckle, yahkwa kopa lemah (point to 
 it). 
 
 I^abor, mamook. 
 
 I^acerate, mamook kokshut. 
 
 I«ack, wake hiyu. 
 
 I^ady, klootchman. 
 
 I^mb, tenas sheep; tenas lemooto; sheep 
 yaka tenas. 
 
 Iiame, klook teahwit; sick kopa lapea. 
 
 lament, cly tumtum. 
 
 Iiamprey eel, skwakwal; skwokwol. 
 
 Iiand, illahee. 
 
 Iiandlord, tyee. 
 
 £and otter, inamooks. 
 
 Iiane, ooakut; wayhut. 
 
 I^ang'uag'e, la lang. 
 
 I^ard, cosho glease. 
 
 I^rg-e, hyas. 
 
 X^ark, tenas kalakala. 
 
 ^ast, delate kimta; kimta kopa kono- 
 way. 
 
 Lately, chee; tenas ahukuttie. 
 
 Jiangb, heehee; mamook heehee. 
 
 Laug'hter, heehee. 
 
 Launch, mahsh boat or ship kopa chuck. 
 
 Lawn, kloshe tupso illahee. 
 
 Lay, mahsh. 
 
 Lazy, lazy. 
 
 Lead, (n.), kalitan. 
 
 Lead, (v.), mamook cooley. 
 
 Leader, tyee. 
 
 Lean, (adj.), halo glease. 
 
 Lean, (v.), lagh. 
 
 Leap, to, sopena. 
 
 Learn, iskum kumtuks; kumtuks. 
 
 Learned, kumtuks hiyu. 
 
 Least, elip tenas kopa konaway. 
 
 Leather, skin; dly skin. 
 
 Leave, (v.), mahsh; klatawa. 
 
 Leave off, to, kopet. 
 
 Lecture, wawa. 
 
 Leg*, teahwit; lapea. 
 
 Legtil, kloshe kopa law. 
 
 Legrend, wawa; wake delate wawa. 
 
 Leg-glngs, mitass. 
 
 Le<rislatnre, tyee man klaska mamook 
 law. 
 
 Lend, to, ayahwhul; tikegh owe. 
 
 Lent, (n.), lekalem; olo time. 
 
 Less, tenas. 
 
 Letter, papah. 
 
 Level, konoway kahkwa; flat. 
 
 Liar, yaka kumtuks wawa kliminawhit. 
 
 Liberal, kloshe kopa cultus potlatch. 
 
 Lick, to, (v.), klakwun. 
 
 Lice, Inapoo. 
 
 Lie, (n.), kliminawhit wawa. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 53 
 
 Ue, (v.), wawa kllmlnawhit. 
 
 He down, mitlite. 
 
 I^ig'lit, (not beavy), halo till; wake till. 
 
 Llg^ht, (not dark), halo polaklie. 
 
 IiliTlituing', saghalle plali. 
 
 liike, (adj.). kahkwa. 
 
 like, (v.), tikegh. 
 
 Irlmti, lemah; stick yaka lemah. 
 
 linger, mitlite; halo chako. 
 
 ^insrnist, yaka kumtuks hlyu lalang. 
 
 liniment, lametsin kopa skin; optlah. 
 
 I^lps, lapush, (point to them). 
 
 Usp, wake delate wawa. 
 
 Usteu, nah; nanltch. 
 
 little, tenas. 
 
 Uve, (adj.), halo mimoluse. 
 
 Live, (v.), mitlite. 
 
 iMOAge, (n.), tenas house; slwash house., 
 
 lodere, (v.), mitlite. 
 
 lofty, saghalle. 
 
 log'g'ing' camp, stick house. 
 
 lonely, kopet Ikt. 
 
 Bong, youtlkut. 
 
 Ions' agfo, ahnkuttie. 
 
 look, to, nanitsh; nah, 
 
 look arouad, cultus nanitch. 
 
 look here! nah. 
 
 lookout I klose nanitsh. 
 
 looklner-srlass, shelokum. 
 
 loose, (v.), stoh; mahsh kow. 
 
 louse, Inapoo. 
 
 Iiose tlie way, to, tsolo; tseepie wayhut. 
 
 louse, enapoo, or inapoo. 
 
 love, to, tikegh. 
 
 iiOw, keekwulee. 
 
 lower, (adj.), elip keekwulee. 
 
 lower, (v.), mamook keekwulee. 
 
 lowly, halo proud tumtum. 
 
 XiUkewarm, tenas lazy; tenas waum. 
 
 Jm\iS, lolo. 
 
 lumber, laplash. 
 
 Iiunch, muckamuck. 
 
 m 
 
 Mad, solleks. 
 Madam, klootchman. 
 Magrlc, tamahnous. 
 Mag-istrate, tyee. 
 Maerniflceut, delate hyas kloshe. 
 Ma&e, corn ; esalth. 
 Majority, elip hlyu. 
 Make, to, mamook. 
 Male, man. 
 
 Malice, mesachie tumtum; solleks. 
 Mallard duck, hahthaht. 
 Mama, mama. 
 Man, man. 
 
 Manage, tolo; mamook. 
 Mangle, hiyu mamook cut. 
 Mankind, konoway tillikums. 
 Manly, kahkwa man. 
 
 Manner, kahkwa kwanesum yaka ma- 
 mook. 
 Manufactory, moola. 
 Many, hyiu. 
 Maple, isick stick. 
 Marble, kloshe stone. 
 Mare, klootchman kuitan. 
 Mark, (n.), tzum. 
 
 Mark, (v.), mamook tzum. 
 
 Market, mahkook house. 
 
 Marriage; marry, malleh. 
 
 Martyr, tlUikum yaka mimoluse kopa 
 saghalie tyee yaka wawa. 
 
 Marvel, mamook tumtum — ikta okoke. 
 
 Mask, stick seahost. 
 
 Massacre, (v.), cultus mamook mimoluse. 
 
 Mass, (ceremony of), la messe. 
 
 Mast, ship stick. 
 
 Mat, kllskwiss. 
 
 Maternal, kahkwa mama. 
 
 Mathematics, hook yaka mamook kum- 
 tuks nesika kopa mamook kwunnum. 
 
 Matrimony, malleh. 
 
 Matron, tyee klootchman. 
 
 Mattock, lapeosh. 
 
 Mature, piah. 
 
 Maximum, elip hiyu kopa konoway. 
 
 Mayor, tyee kopa town. 
 
 Me, nika. 
 
 Meadow, tupso Ulahee. 
 
 Mean, delate cultus; wake kloshe. 
 
 Measure, to, tahnim; mamook measure. 
 
 Meat, itlwillie; meat. 
 
 Meddle, mamook kopa halo yaka husi- 
 ness; cultus mamook kopa huloima 
 yaka business; okoke halo yaka busi- 
 ness, pe yaka cultus mamook. 
 
 Medicine, la mestin. 
 
 Meditate, mamook tumtum. 
 
 Meek, kloshe; halo solleks; kwan. 
 
 Meet, chako kunamokst. 
 
 Melancholy, sick tumtum. 
 
 Melt, chako chuck; chako kahkwa chuck; 
 chako klimmin. 
 
 Memory, tumtum. 
 
 Mend, to, mamook tip-shin. 
 
 Menstruate, to, mahsh pilpil. 
 
 Mental, kopa tumtum. 
 
 Mention, wawa. 
 
 Merchandise, ilttas. 
 
 Merchant, mahkook man. 
 
 Merchantable, kloshe kopa mahkook. 
 
 Merciful, (to be); Mercy, (to have), ma- 
 mook klahowya. 
 
 Message, (verbal), wawa. 
 
 Message, (written), papah. 
 
 Metal, metallic, chikamin; kahkwa chika- 
 mln. 
 
 Metropolis, tyee town. 
 
 Midday, sitkum sun. 
 
 Middle, the, katsuk; sitkum. 
 
 Midnight, sitkum polaklie. 
 
 Midsummer, sitkum kopa waum lllahee. 
 
 Iilldst, kunamokst. 
 
 Might, (n.), skookum; (Imp. of may; 
 klonas. 
 
 Migrate, klatawa. 
 
 Mild, kloshe. 
 
 Military, kopa sojers. 
 
 Milk, totoosh. 
 
 Milkman, totoosh man. 
 
 Milky, kahkwa totoosh. 
 
 Mill, moola. 
 
 Miller, moola man. 
 
 Mimic, mamook kahkwa. 
 
 Mind, the, tumtum. 
 
 Mine, lllahee kah chikamin mitlite. 
 
54 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 MlniTle, klatawa kunamokst; mamook 
 
 kunamokst; mahsh kunamokst. 
 Minister, leplet. 
 Sllnor, tenas; elip tenas. 
 Miracle, skookum mamook; huloima ma- 
 
 mook. 
 Mischief, cultus mamook. 
 Misconduct, mesachie mamook. 
 Mispronotmce, halo delate wawa; tseepie 
 
 wawa; huloima wawa. 
 Miss, to, tseepie. 
 Missionary, leplet. 
 Mistake, (v.), mamook tseepie. 
 Mistake, (n.), tseepie mamook. 
 Misty, tenas snass. 
 Misunderstand, halo kumtuks. 
 Mix, mamook kunamokst; mamook klim- 
 
 min. 
 Moccasins, skin-shoes. 
 Mock, mamook shem; mamook heehee. 
 Moderate, wake hyak. 
 Modest, kloshe. 
 Moisture, tenas chuck. 
 Mole, skad; kilapaileraai. 
 Molasses, melass; silup; molassis. 
 Monday, Ikt Sun. 
 Money, chikamin; doUa. 
 Month, moon. 
 
 Monthly, ikt moon — ikt moon. 
 Moon, moon. 
 
 Moonligrht; moonshine, moon yaka ligrht. 
 Moose, ulchey; hyas mowitch. 
 Moral, kloshe. 
 More, weght; elip hlyu. 
 Morning', tenas sun. 
 Moss, tupso. 
 
 MoscLUito, melakwa; dago. 
 Most, elip hiyu kopa konoway. 
 Mother, mama: naah; naha. 
 Motherless, halo mama. 
 Motherly, kahkwa mama. 
 Monntalii, la monti; stone illahee; la- 
 
 motal. 
 Mourn, cly tumtum. 
 Mouse, hoolhool; cultus hoolhool. 
 Mouth, la push; la boos. 
 Move, tenas mahsh; mamook move. 
 Mow, mamook cut; mamook tlkope. 
 Mower, machine kopa mamook cut hay. 
 Much, hyiu; hiyu. 
 Mud, mud; klimmin illahee. 
 Muddy, (water), illahee mitlite kopa 
 
 chuck. 
 Muddy, (ground), chuck mitlite kopa 
 
 illahee. 
 Mule, le mel; lemool. 
 Mulish, kahkwa lemool. 
 Mum, halo wawa. 
 Murder, mamook mimoluse. 
 Murmur, (n.), tenas pight wawa. 
 Murmur, (v.), potlatch tenas pight wawa. 
 Muse, mamook tumtum. 
 Music, sing. 
 
 Musician, man yaka kumtuks sing. 
 Musical instrument, tin tin; (Indian 
 
 pompon). 
 Musket, musket. 
 Mussels, toluks; mussels. 
 Must, mamook skookum haul. 
 
 Mustard, plah tupso. 
 
 Mute, halo wawa. 
 
 Mutter, wawa. 
 
 Mutton, sheep yaka meat; lemooto yaka 
 
 itlwillie. 
 My, mine, nika; kopa nika; nikas. 
 Myself, nika self. 
 Mystery, hyas huloima. 
 
 Xt 
 Nab, Iskum. 
 Xragr, tenas kultan. 
 Nails, le cloo; nail. 
 Naked, halo ikta mitlite. 
 Name, nem; yahhul. 
 Nameless, halo nem. 
 Nap, tenas sleep; tenas moosum. 
 Napkin, sail kopa mamook kloshe spose 
 
 nesika muckamuck. 
 Narrate, narrative, wawa. 
 Narrow, halo wide. 
 Nasty, wake kloshe; mesachie. 
 Nation, tillikums. 
 Native, delate yaka illahee. 
 Navigate, klatawa kopa chuck. 
 Nay, wake; halo. 
 Near, wake siah. 
 Neat, kloshe. 
 
 Neck, le cou; lecoo; neck. 
 Need, hyas tikegh. 
 Needle, keepwot; tupshin; needle. 
 Neg'ative, halo; wake. 
 Neglect, halo kloshe nanitch. 
 Negro, klale man; nigga. 
 Neigrhhorhood, tilikums mitlite wake 
 
 siah. 
 Nephew, sister or ats, or kahpo or ow 
 
 yaka tenas man. 
 Never, wake kunjih. 
 New, chee. 
 News, chee wawa. 
 Nice, kloshe. 
 Niece, sister or ats, or ow or kahpo yaka 
 
 tenas klootchman. 
 Nigh, wake siah. 
 Night, polaklie. 
 Nine, kweest or kwaist. 
 Nineteen, tahtlelum pe nine, or kweest. 
 Ninety, nine or kweest tahtlum. 
 Nip, mamook stop, mamook cut. 
 No, not, halo; wake. 
 Nohody, tillikum. 
 Nod, kahkwa sleep or moosum; wake 
 
 siah sleep, or moosum. 
 Noise, noise, latlah. 
 Noiseless, halo noise. 
 Noisy, hiyu noise. 
 None, halo ; wake. 
 Nonsense, cultus wawa. 
 Noon, sitkum sun. 
 North, kah cole chako. 
 Nose, nose; emeets. 
 Not, halo; wake. 
 Nothing, halo ikta. 
 Notwithstanding, kegh-tchie. 
 Not yet, kawek. 
 Nourish, potlatch, muckamuck; kloshe 
 
 nanitch. 
 Now, alta. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 55 
 
 irowheire, halo kah. 
 Nnmli, kahkwa mimoluse. 
 Number, klonas kunjlh. 
 HumeralB — 
 
 1, Ikt, or Icht. 
 
 2, Mokst, or moxt. 
 
 3, Klone. 
 
 4, IJakit, or loklt. 
 
 5, Kwlnnum. 
 
 6, Taghum, or tughum. 
 
 7, Sinamokst, or slnamoxt. 
 
 8, Stotekln. 
 
 9, Kwalst, or kweest. 
 
 10, Tahtlelum, or tahtlum. 
 
 11, Tahtlelum pe Ikt, or tahtlum pe icht. 
 20, Mokst tahtlelum, or moxt tahtlum. 
 
 100, Ikt takamonuk, or icht tukamonuk, 
 or (tahtlum-tahtlum, — ten tens). 
 
 Nurse, (n.), klootchman or man yaka 
 kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Nurse, (v.), kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Nuts, tukwlUa; toholal; nuts. 
 
 Nutrition, muckamuck. 
 
 Oak, kuU stick; kahnahway stick. 
 
 Oar, la lahm. 
 
 Oats, la wen; la ween. 
 
 Obedience, obedient, obey, iskum wawa; 
 
 mamook kahkwa yaka wawa. 
 Object, wawa halo. 
 Obllere (a faTor). mamook help. 
 Obscene, mesachle. 
 Obscure, halo delate kumtuks. 
 Observe, nanitch. 
 Obtain, iskum. 
 Ocean, hyas salt chuck. 
 Ocbre, kawkawak illahee. 
 Odd, huloima. 
 Odor, humm. 
 Off, klak. 
 
 Offend, mamook solleks; mamook kata. 
 Offer, tikegh potlatch. 
 Officer, tyee. 
 Off shore, mahtlinnie. 
 Often, hiyu times. 
 Oil (n.), glease. 
 Oil (v), mamook glease. 
 Oil clotii, snass sail. 
 Oily, kahkwa glease. 
 
 Ointment, lametsin; lametsin kopa skin. 
 Old, old man, oleman. 
 Old womaoi, lammieh; lummieh. 
 Omit, mahsh. 
 
 Omnipotent, delate hyas skookum. 
 Omnipresent, mitllte konoway kah. 
 Omniscient, kumtuks konoway ikta. 
 On, kopa. 
 One, ikt. 
 
 One or another, ikt-ikt. 
 One-eyed, ikt seahhost. 
 Onion, unjun; ulalach; lesoio. 
 Onion (wild), kalaka. 
 Only (one), kopet ikt. 
 Open, kahlakl; halakl; open. 
 Operate, mamook. 
 Opinion, tumtum. 
 Opposite to, inatl; enati. 
 Or, pe. 
 
 Oration, wawa. 
 
 Orator, man yaka delate kumtuks pot- 
 latch wawa. 
 
 Order (v.), mahsh wawa; potlatch wawei. 
 
 Order, to, mahsh tumtum. 
 
 Orchard, orchard; kah hiyu apple stick 
 mitllte. 
 
 Ore, chikamin stone. 
 
 Oriefinal, chee; ellp; olishinel. 
 
 Orphan, halo papa halo mama. 
 
 Other, huloima. 
 
 Otter, otter; nawamuks. 
 
 Otter (land), nenamooks; otter. 
 
 Oug'ht, delate kloshe. 
 
 Our, ours, nesika; kopa nesika. 
 
 Ourselves, nesika self. 
 
 Out, outdoors, outside, klaghanle; kla- 
 hanie. 
 
 Outlaw, hyas mesachie tillikum. 
 
 Outragre, mamook hyas mesachle. 
 
 Oval, kahkwa egg. 
 
 Oven, oven; kah mamook piah sapolil. 
 
 Over (above), saghalie. 
 
 Over (other side), eneti. 
 
 Overalls, overalls; klahanle sakolleks. 
 
 Overcoat, hyas coat; hyas kapo. 
 
 Overboard, klahanie kopa boat. 
 
 Overcome, tolo. 
 
 Overshoes, klahanie shoes; saghalie 
 shoes. 
 
 Overthrow, mamook halo; tolo. 
 
 Owl, waugh waugh; kwel kwel. 
 
 Ox, man moosmoos; moosmoos. 
 
 Oyster, chetlo; oysters; klogh-klogh. 
 
 Pacify, mamook kloshe. 
 
 Pack, (n.), ikt kow. 
 
 Pack, (v.), lolo. 
 
 Packaere, ikt kow. 
 
 Paddle, (n.), isick. 
 
 Paddle, (v.), mamook Isiok. 
 
 Paid, potlatch pay or doUa. 
 
 Paid, (passive), Iskum pay or doUa. 
 
 Fain, sick; pain; addedah; anah. 
 
 Paint, pent; chym. 
 
 Paint, to, mamook pent. 
 
 pair, mokst. 
 
 Palace, hyas kloshe house. 
 
 Pale, t'kope. 
 
 Paltry, tenas; cultus. 
 
 Pamphlet, tenas book. 
 
 Pansy, kloshe tupso. 
 
 Pant, skookum mamook wind. 
 
 Panther, hyas pishpish; panther; swad- 
 
 wa. 
 Pants, sakolleks. 
 Pap, lip totoosh. 
 Papa, papa. 
 Paper, pehpah; papah. 
 Pappoose, tenas; papoos. 
 Parade, (n.), show. 
 Parade, (v.), mamook show; kloshe klat- 
 
 awa. 
 Pardon, mamook klahowya. 
 Parents, papa pe mama. 
 Park, kloshe illahee. 
 Parson, leplet. 
 Parsonage, leplet yaka house. 
 
56 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Fart, sitkum. 
 
 Faitake, iskum. 
 
 Pass, (v.), klatawa; klatawa enetL 
 
 Pastor, leplet. 
 
 paternal, kahkwa papa. 
 
 Path, ooakut; wayhnt. 
 
 Pauper, klahowya tillikum. 
 
 paw, kamooks or itchwoot yaka lapea; 
 
 lapea. 
 Pay, pay; potlatch dolla. 
 Peas, le pwau; peas; lepwah. 
 Peep, tenas nanitch. 
 Pelt, skin. 
 
 Pen, (fence), kullaghan. 
 pen, (for writing), pen; tzum stick. 
 penance, lapelitans; laplitas. 
 Pencil, pencil; tzum stick. 
 Penitent, sick tumtum. 
 Penitentiary, hyas skookum house. 
 penman, tzum man. 
 Pentecost, lapatkot. 
 People, tilikum, tillikums. 
 Perfect, delate kloslie. 
 Perfume, lametsin kopa nose. 
 Perhaps, klonas. 
 Peril, mesachie mitlite. 
 Permanent, kwanesum mitlite. 
 Permit, wawa nawitka. 
 Perpetual, kwanesum. 
 Perspiration, chuck kopa skin. 
 Perspire, chuck mitlite kopa skin. 
 Persevere, persist; kwanesum; mamook. 
 Person, tillikum. 
 Persuade, wawa pe toto. 
 person, tillikum. 
 Persuade, wawa pe toto. 
 Peruse, mamook read. 
 Pervert, mamook huloima;. 
 Petrified, chako stone. 
 Petticoat, kalakwahtie; keekwulee coat 
 
 kopa Ijlootchman; petticoat; kalak- 
 
 wapte. 
 Photograpli, tzum seahost. 
 Physic, lametsin. 
 Physician, doctin. 
 Physiology, hook yaka mamook kum 
 
 tuks nesika kopa nesika self. 
 Pick (n.), pick; (v), iskum; tikegh. 
 Picnic, muckamuck. 
 Picture, tzum; papah. 
 Piehald, le kye. 
 Piece, sitkum. 
 Piety, kloshe tumtum kopa Saghalie 
 
 Tyee. 
 Pig, cosho; tenas cosho. 
 Pigeon, pig'eon; kwass kala kala. 
 Pile (n.), hiyu. 
 
 Pilot, pilot; man yaka mamook cooley. 
 Pill, lametsin. 
 
 steamer, or boat or ship. 
 Pin, kwekwiens; pin; kwekweens; kwek- 
 
 wiut. 
 Pine, lagome stick. 
 Pint, sitkum quart. 
 Pipe, la psep; pipe. 
 Pitch, la gome. 
 Pitchy, la gome mitlite. 
 Pity (v), mamook klahowya. 
 Place (his.), kah yaka mitlite. 
 
 Plain (n.), kloshe lllahee. 
 
 Plain (adj.), kloshe; delate. 
 
 Plan (n.), tumtum. 
 
 Plan (v.), mamook tumtum. 
 
 Flank, laplash. 
 
 Plate, la siet; plate. 
 
 Play (n.), heehee. 
 
 Play (v.), mamook heehee. 
 
 Playhouse, heehee house. 
 
 Play with stringed instrument, mamook 
 tuletule. 
 
 Plead, skookum wawa. 
 
 Pleasant, please; kloshe. 
 
 Pleased, youtl; kwatl. 
 
 plentiful, plenty; hiyu. 
 
 Plow, Plough, (n.), le shalloo; plow; 
 klugh. 
 
 Plow, Plough, (v.), mamook plow; ma- 
 mook kokshut illahee; klugh illahie. 
 
 Plural, hiyu. 
 
 Pole, la pehsh; pole. 
 
 Poll tax, taxes kopa latet. 
 
 Polygamlst, man yaka mitlite hiyu 
 klootchman. 
 
 Pompous, hyas tumtum. 
 
 Fond, mimoluse chuck. 
 
 Ponder, mamook tumtum. 
 
 Pool, tenas chuck. 
 
 Poor, klahowya; halo Ikta; klahowyum. 
 
 Pope, lepap. 
 
 Popular, kloshe kopa hiyu tillikums. 
 
 Population, tillikums. 
 
 Pork, cosho; cosho itlwillie. 
 
 Possess, mitlite. 
 
 Possihle, skookum kopa. 
 
 Postmaster, tyee kopa papah house 
 
 Postpone, wawa "alki mamook." 
 
 Posteriors, opoots. 
 
 Potato, wappatoo; lapatak. 
 
 Potent, skookum. 
 
 Pound, pound; till. 
 
 Pour, mahsh; wagh. 
 
 Poverty, klahowya. 
 
 Powder, polallie; powder. 
 
 power, skookum. 
 
 Practical, kloshe; delate kumtuks ma- 
 mook. 
 
 practice, mamook. 
 
 Prairie, kloshe illahee; tupso illahee. 
 
 Prairie Wolf, talapus; hyas opoots tala- 
 pus. 
 
 Praise, wawa mahsie. 
 
 Pray, wawa kopa saghalie tyee. 
 
 prayer, wawa kopa saghalie tyee; plie; 
 laprier; talapusha. 
 
 Preacher, leplet. 
 
 Precious, hyas kloshe; hyas mahkook. 
 
 Precise, delate. 
 
 Predecessors, klaksta man yaka mitlite 
 elip. 
 
 Preface, elip wawa. 
 
 Prefer, elip tikegh. 
 
 Pregnant, mitlite tenas kopa yaka belly. 
 
 Prepare, mamook kloshe; mamook ready. 
 
 Prepare (passive), chako ready. 
 
 Present (n. v.), cultus potlatch. 
 
 Presently, alkie; winapie. 
 
 Preserve, kloshe nanitch. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 57 
 
 President, president; tyee kopa Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Frees, mamook kwotl. 
 
 Pretend, halo delate mamook or wawa. 
 
 Pretty, kloshe; toketie. 
 
 Prevail, tolo. 
 
 Price (what), kunjih dolla. 
 
 Prick, mamook kahkwa needle. 
 
 pride, proud; youtl tumtum. 
 
 Priest, le plet. 
 
 Prime, ellp. 
 
 Print, mamook tzum. 
 
 Prior, elip. 
 
 Prison, skookum house. 
 
 Prisoner, tillikum kopa skookum house. 
 
 Private, kopet ikt. 
 
 Probably, klonas nawitka. 
 
 Probably Not, klonas halo. 
 
 Proclaim, Proclamation, wawa. 
 
 Profane, wake kloshe kopa saghalie tyee. 
 
 Profit, tolo. , 
 
 ProETenitor, ahnkuttie papa. 
 
 ProMbit, mamook stop; mamook kopet. 
 
 Promise, delate wawa. • 
 
 Prompt, hyak. 
 
 Prophet, leplet ysika wawa elip; plopet. 
 
 Prosper, tolo. 
 
 Protect, kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Proud, youtl; kwetlh; proud tumtum; 
 youtl tumtum. 
 
 ProteBtantlsm, Boston plie. 
 
 Prove, delate kumtuks; prove. 
 
 Provide, iskum iktas; kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Provided Tbat, spose. 
 
 Providence, saghalie tyee. 
 
 Provoke, mamook solleks. 
 
 Provoke (passive), chako solleks. 
 
 Prow, nose kopa boat or ship. 
 
 Prowl, cultus klatawa. 
 
 Public, kloshe kopa konoway tillikums. 
 
 Publlsli, mamook kumtuks. 
 
 Pug'ilist, man yaka tikegh pight. 
 
 Pugnacious, tikegh pight. 
 
 Puke, muckamuok yaka kilapie; kilapie 
 muckamuck; mahsh yaka muckamuk 
 klahanie kopa yaka lapush. 
 
 Pull, haul. 
 
 Pull Off, mamook haul; mamook tlak. 
 
 Pup, Puppy, tenas kamooks. 
 
 Purchase, mahkook. 
 
 Purgatory, tenas piah. 
 
 Pure, delate kloshe. 
 
 Purple, wake siah klale. 
 
 Purpose, tumtum. 
 
 Purse, dolla yaka lesak; lesak kopa dolla. 
 
 Pursue, klatawa kimta. 
 
 Push, mamook push; kwutl. 
 
 Put, mahsh. 
 
 Putrid, humm. 
 
 Putrify, chako humm. 
 
 Puzzle (v.), halo klap tumtum. 
 
 Q 
 Quail (n.), illahee; kulakala. 
 Quail (v.), chako kwass. 
 Quarrel, solleks wawa; tenas pight. 
 Quarrel (v.), chako solleks; mamook 
 pight. 
 
 Quarter, tenas sitkum. 
 
 Quarter (of a dollar), kwahta. 
 
 Quarterly, ikt time kopa klone moon. 
 
 Quartz, tkope stone. 
 
 Queen, tyee klootchman. 
 
 Queer, huloima. 
 
 Quell, Quench, mamook kopet. 
 
 Questions, wawa. 
 
 Quick, Quickly, hyak. 
 
 Quiet, kwann. 
 
 Quills, tepeh; kalakala yaka tupso. 
 
 Quilt, quilt; tzum paseesie. 
 
 Quilt, kopet. 
 
 Quiver, stick kalitan lesak. 
 
 Quorum, ellp sitkum. 
 
 R 
 
 Babid, hyas solleks. 
 
 Babble, cultus tillikums. 
 
 Babbit, kwitshadie; kwitshoddie. 
 
 Bace, hyak oooley. 
 
 Bace Horse, cooley kuitan; kuitan yaka 
 
 kumtuks cooley. 
 Bagg'ed, itkas yaka kokshut. 
 Bain, snass. 
 
 Baise, mahiook saghalie. 
 Bainy, hiyu snass. 
 Bake, comb kopa illahee. 
 Bamble, cultus cooley. 
 Bancli, illahee; ranch. 
 Bap, mamook kokshut; koko. 
 Bape, kapswalla klootchman. 
 Bapid, hyak. 
 
 Bapids, skookum chuck; cooley chuck. 
 Bare, wake hiyu. 
 Bascal, mesachie tillikum. 
 Bash, cultus mamook hyak. 
 Basp, hyas me; hyas lallm. 
 Baspberries, seapho olallie; itlawa. 
 Bat, hyas hoolhool; colecole. 
 Bather, elip tikegh. 
 Battle, shugh (sh^ke). 
 Battlesnake, shugh opoots; shek opoots. 
 Bave, chako clazy. 
 ttaven, kaka. 
 
 Bavr, wake yaka piah; halo piah. 
 Bazor, Knife, opitsah. 
 Bazor Pish, ona. 
 
 Reach, ko; iskum; mamook kwotl. 
 Bead, Bead, kumtuks papah. 
 Beal, Beally, delate. 
 Beap, mamook cut. 
 Bear, kimta. 
 
 Beason (v.), mamoon tumtum. 
 Beason (What), (n.), pe kahta. 
 Beassemble, wegt klatawa. 
 Beassert, weght wawa. 
 Bebel, Bebellion, pight kopa tyee. 
 Bebuild, weght mamoon house. 
 Bebuke, skookum wawa. 
 Becall, weght wawa. 
 Becede, kilapie. 
 Receive, iskum. 
 Becent, chee. 
 Beckon, mamook tumtum. 
 Becliue, mitlite. 
 Becognize, kumtuks. 
 BecoUect, klap tum turn. 
 
58 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Becommend, wawa kloshe. 
 
 Beconquer, weght tolo. 
 
 Beconsider, weght mamook tumtum. 
 
 Becount, weght wawa. 
 
 Becover, iskura. 
 
 Becreatlon, kloshe time. 
 
 Bectiuu, opoots. 
 
 Becuiubent, mitlite. 
 
 Bed, pil. 
 
 Bedden, pilpil. 
 
 Beddish, wake siah pil; kahkwa pil. 
 
 Bed Hot, hyas warm pe chako pil. 
 
 Beduce, mamook keekwulee. 
 
 Be-embark, weght klatawa kopa hoat. 
 
 Be-enter, weght klatawa kopa house. 
 
 Beflne, mamook delate kloshe. 
 
 Beform, chako kloshe. 
 
 Befresh, chako chee. 
 
 Befuud, kilapie dolla. 
 
 Befuse (n.), cultus ikta. 
 
 Befuse (v.), wawa halo; (if unobliging- 
 ly) mamook kwish. 
 
 Begret, sick tumtum. 
 
 Begxilar, kwanesum kahkwa. 
 
 Beject, mahsh. 
 
 Bejolce, youtl tumtum. 
 
 Belate, To, yiem; wawa. 
 
 Belatlon, Belatlve, tillikum. 
 
 Belease, mahsh; mahsh kow. 
 
 Beliable, kloshe; halo nika kwass kopa 
 yaka; (I am not afraid of him, or ha 
 is reliable). 
 
 Belief, help. 
 
 Believe, mamook help; potlatch help. 
 
 Bellg'ion, saghalle tyee yaka wawa. 
 
 Belish, kloshe kopa lapush. 
 
 Bemain, mitlite. 
 
 Bemaindex (Wliat?), kunjih mitlite. 
 
 Bemainder (This is), okoke mitlite. 
 Bemarry, weght malieh. 
 Bemedy (n.), kloshe lametsin. 
 Bemedy (v.), mamook kloshe. 
 Bemember (To not forget), mitlite kopa 
 
 tumtum; wake kopet kumtuks. 
 Bemember (To remember after taavinef 
 
 forg'otten), klap tumtum. 
 Bemit, mahsh. 
 Bemorse, sick tumtum. 
 Bemote, siah. 
 
 Bemouut, weght klatawa saghalie. 
 Bemove; mahsh, lolo. 
 Bend, mamook kokshut. 
 Benew, mamook chee. 
 Benown, hyas kloshe nem. 
 Bepalr, mamook kloshe. 
 Bepeal, mamook halo. 
 Bepeat, weght wawa. 
 Beply, kelapie wawa. 
 Beprove, potlatch skookum wawa. 
 Beside, mitlite. 
 Besolute, skookum tumtum. 
 Besolve, mamook tumtum. 
 Best, cultus mitlite. 
 Bestauraut, muckamuck house. 
 Besurrect, Besurrection, get up. 
 Betreat (v.), Beturn, Beverse, kellpi; 
 
 kilapie. 
 Beview, mamook tumtum. 
 
 Bevive, wind kilapie; kilapie wind. 
 
 Bibbon, le loba. 
 
 Bice, lice. 
 
 Bich, halo klahowya; mitlite hiyu iktas 
 
 pe dolla. 
 Bid (Get rid of), mahsh. 
 Bide, klatawa kopa kuitan or chikohlk. 
 Bidicule (n.), shem; heehee. 
 Bidicule (v.), mamook shem; mamook 
 
 heehee. 
 Bifle, callipeen. 
 Big'ht, kloshe. 
 Big'lit Hand, kloshe lemah. 
 Bing', kweokweo. 
 Sing the Bell, mamook tintin. 
 Bipe, piah. 
 Bipen, chako piah. 
 Bise, Get TJp, mltwhit. 
 Bisk, cultus kopa nika; (I will risk it) 
 
 halo nika kwass. 
 Biver, chuck; cooley chuck; liver. 
 Boad, ooakut; wayhut. 
 Boam, Klatawa kah. 
 Boan Colored, sandelie. 
 Boast, mamook la pellah; mamook piah; 
 
 mamook cook. 
 Bob, kapswalla. 
 Bobin, pil koaten. 
 Bock, Stone, hyas stone. 
 Bocky, hiyu stone mitlite. 
 Boe (of Fish), pish eggs; pish lesep. 
 BoU, kalapie. 
 
 Boot, stick keekwulee kopa illahee. 
 Bope, lope. 
 Bosary, leshaple. 
 Bose (n.), kloshe tupso. 
 Bosin, lagome; kull lagome. 
 Bot, chako rotten. 
 Botten, poolie; rotten. 
 Bound, lolo; lowuUo; (whole; the entire 
 
 of anything). 
 Bove, cultus klatawa; cultus cooley. 
 Bow (v.), mamook lalahm. 
 Bower, man yaka kumtuks mamook 
 
 lalahm. 
 Bnbber Coat, snass coat. 
 Bndder, boat opoots; ludder. 
 Bude, cultus. 
 Buin, mamook halo. 
 Bum, lum; whiskey. 
 Burner, cultus wawa. 
 Bun, hyak cooley. 
 Bun Away, kapswalla klatawa. 
 Bnpture, kokshut. 
 Bust, pil ikta kopa chikamin. 
 
 S 
 
 Sabbath, Sunday, Sante. 
 
 Sable, mink. 
 
 Sack, le sak. 
 
 Sacrament, Jesus yaka muckamuck; 
 
 sacrani'enta; saklema. 
 Sacred, kloshe kopa saghalie tyee. 
 Sad, sick tumtum. 
 Saddle, la sell. 
 
 Saddle Housing's, pe pishemo 
 Safe, kloshe. 
 SaU, sail. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 59 
 
 Sailor, shipman. 
 
 Saint, Ctaiistian, lesai; sal before the 
 names of men, except those which be- 
 gin with vowels; salt before those of 
 females and nouns which begin with 
 vowels. 
 
 Saints, lesai. 
 
 Saint Jolin, Sal Sha. 
 
 Salesman, mahkook man. 
 
 Sallal Berries, sallal olallle. 
 
 Salmon, salmon. 
 
 Salt, salt. 
 
 Same, kahkwa. 
 
 Sand, polallle; polallle lllahee; tenas 
 stone kahkwa polallle. 
 
 Sanguine, skookum tumtum. 
 
 Sap, chuck kopa stick. 
 
 Sasli, la sanjel; belt. 
 
 Satan, lejaub; diaub. 
 
 Satanic, kahkwa lejaub. 
 
 Satisfied (I am), kloshe kopa nlka. 
 
 Saturday, taghum sun. 
 
 Savage, Wild, old pashion; slwash. 
 
 Save, Iskum. 
 
 Saw, la gwin; la sole; lasee. 
 
 Say, to, wawa; wauwau; nah. 
 
 Scales, Ikta kopa mamook till. 
 
 Scant, S<»nty, wake hlyu. 
 
 Scarce, wake hlyu. 
 
 Scarf, hyas sail kopa neck. 
 
 Scare, mamook kwass. 
 
 Scatter, mahsh konoway kah. 
 
 Scent (n.), humn. 
 
 Scent (v.), mamook humn. 
 
 Scholar, tenas kopa school; school tenas 
 
 Scbooner, mokst stick ship. 
 
 Scissors, le seezo; sezo. 
 
 Scold, skookum wawa. ' 
 
 Scream, hyas skookum cly. 
 
 Scripture, Bible, saghalie tyee yaka book 
 or papah. 
 
 Scythe, hyas knife kopa hay; youtlkut 
 opltsah. 
 
 Sea, salt chuck; sea. 
 
 Seal, olhlyu; slwash oosho. 
 
 Second, mokst. 
 
 Secret, ipsoot. 
 
 Secure, kloshe. 
 
 Seduce, kapswalla. 
 
 See, to, nanitsh. 
 
 Seek, mamook hunt; klatawa pe tikegh 
 klap. 
 
 Seize, iskum. 
 
 Seldom, wake hlyu. 
 
 Select, iskum ikta mika tikegh. 
 
 Sell, to, mahsh mahkook. (Eells says, 
 "Mahsh is now used, to sell, and 
 huyhuy to trade and exchange 
 mahkook, to buy.) 
 
 Send, mahsh. 
 
 Senior, elip. 
 
 Sense, kumtuks; latet. 
 
 Separate (adj.), huloima. 
 
 Separate (v.), mamook cut. 
 
 serious, wake heehee. 
 
 Sermon, saghalie tyee yaka wawa. 
 
 Serpent, oluk; snake. 
 
 Servant, kahkwa elite. 
 
 Serve, mamook. 
 
 Seven, sinamoxt ; sinamokst. 
 
 Seventeen, tahtlum pe sinamokst. 
 
 Seventy, sinamokst tahtlum. 
 
 Several, tenas hlyu. 
 
 Sew, to, mamook tipshin; mamook sew. 
 
 Shackle, mamook kow; mahsh chikamin 
 kopa yaka lemah. 
 
 Shake, to, toto; hullel. 
 
 Shaker ("A religious sect which arose 
 on Puget Sound about 1882 somewhat 
 allied In principle to the Messiah 
 craze; and which took its name from 
 the rapid, nervous shaking of its fol- 
 lowers." — Eells.) 
 
 Shall, alki; by by; winaple. 
 
 Shallow, wake keekwulee. 
 
 Shame, shem. 
 
 Shameless, halo shem; halo kumtuks 
 shem. 
 
 Share (It is my), okoke nikas; okoke 
 kopa nlka. 
 
 Shark, shark; hyas kamooks pish. 
 
 Sharp, yahkisilth; sharp; tsish; 
 pahkisilth; iakesilh. 
 
 Sharpen, to, mamook tsish. 
 
 Shatter, mamook kokshut. 
 
 She, Her, yahka; yaka. 
 
 Sheep, le mooto; lummeto. 
 
 Sheet, sail. 
 
 Shell Money (the Small size), coopcoop; 
 allekacheek. (The large) hykwa; 
 haikwa. 
 
 Shingle, lebahdo. 
 
 Shine (v.), mamook kloshe. 
 
 Shining, towagh. 
 
 Ship, ship. 
 
 Shirt, shut. 
 
 Shoal, wake keekwulee. 
 
 Shoes, shoes; shu&li; tkitllpa. 
 
 Shoot, to, mamook poo. 
 
 Shore, lllahee. 
 
 Shore (Towards), matline. 
 
 Short, yuteskut; halo long. 
 
 Shortly, alkie; winaple. 
 
 Shot, shot; tenas le bal; kalltan. 
 
 Shot Fouch, kalltan lesac; tsolepat. 
 
 Shoulders, okchok. 
 
 Shout, to, hyas wawa. 
 
 Shovel, la pell. 
 
 Shower, tenas snass. 
 
 Shriek, skookum wawa. 
 
 Shudder, kwass pe shake. 
 
 Shut, to, ikpooie; mamook ikpooie. 
 
 Shy, kwass. 
 
 Sick, sick; etsitsa. 
 
 Sicken, mamook sick. 
 
 Sickly, tenas sick. 
 
 Side, side; (this side, yukwa; that side, 
 yaiiwa. ) 
 
 Sift, to, toto. 
 
 Sigh, tenas cly. 
 
 S^htless, halo nanitch; blind. 
 
 Sign, kahkwa picture. 
 
 Silence (n.), halo noise. 
 
 Silence (v., imp.), kopet noise; howh. 
 
 Silk, la sway; lasoy; laswa; silk cloth; 
 skookum sail. 
 
GO 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Silly, kahkwa pelton. 
 
 Silver, tkope chikamin; tkope dolla. 
 
 Similar, kahkwa. 
 
 Sinuuer, tenas liplip. 
 
 Simply, kopet. 
 
 Sin, Sinful, mesachle; lepeshe. 
 
 Since, kimta. 
 
 Sincere, delate. 
 
 Sing', to, shantie. 
 
 Sing-le, kopet ikt. 
 
 Sink (to), mahsh keekwulee; (it sinks) 
 klatawa keekwulee; klip. 
 
 Sinner, mesachiie tillikum. 
 
 Sip, muclcamuck chuck. 
 
 Simp, melass; silup. 
 
 Sister, kahpho (if older than the 
 speaker) ; elip ats. 
 
 Sisterly, kahkwa ats. 
 
 Sit, to, initllte. 
 
 Six, taghum; tohum. 
 
 Sixteen, tahtlum pe taghum. 
 
 Sixty-one, taghum tahtlum pe ikt. 
 
 Size (what), kunjih hyas. 
 
 Skeptic, man yaka halo Iskum saghalie 
 tyee yaka wawa. 
 
 Skill, kumtuks mamook 
 
 Skin, skin- 
 Skull, botie kopa seahost (point to it). 
 
 Skunk, hum opoots; peshes, piupiu; 
 skubeyou. 
 
 Sky, koosagh; saghalie; ekusah. 
 
 Slab, cultus laplash. 
 
 Slander, mesachie wawa; kliminawhit 
 
 wawa. 
 Slap, mamook kokshut. 
 Slave, elite; mistchimas; mistshimus. 
 Slay, mamook mimoluse. 
 Sleep, mdosum; sleep. 
 Sleepless, halo moosum; halo sleep. 
 Sleepy, tikegh moosum; tikegh .sleep. 
 SleiiTlit ol hand, tamanous. 
 Sligrht (adj.), tenas. 
 suns' (v.), mahsh. 
 
 Slln^ (n.), tenas lope kopa mahsh stone. 
 Slip, wake siah fall down. 
 Slippery, cultus; loholoh. 
 Slow, Slowly, klahwa; wake hyak. 
 Slut, klootchman kamooks. 
 Sly, ipsoot. 
 Small, tenas. 
 Smell, a, humm. 
 Smile, tenas heehee. 
 Smite, mamook kokshut. 
 Smoke (n.), smoke. 
 Smoke (v.), mamook smoke. 
 Smoky (very), hiyu smoke. 
 Smooth, kloshe. 
 Snake, oluk; wahpoos; snake. 
 Snare, Trap, lapeage; kwalta. 
 Snow, snow; cole snass. 
 So, kahkwa. 
 
 Soak, mitlite kopa chuck. 
 Soap, soap. 
 Soft, klimmin. 
 Sou, illahee. 
 Soldiers, 'sogers. 
 Solely, kopet. 
 Solicit, wawa; ask. 
 
 Solitary, kopet ikt. 
 
 Some, tenas hiyu; sitkum. 
 
 Sometimes, tenas hiyu times. 
 
 Somebody, ikt man; klonas klaksta. 
 
 Son, tenas. 
 
 Soon, alki. 
 
 Sorcerer, tamahnous man. 
 
 Sore, sick. 
 
 Sorrel Colored, a sorrel horse, le blau: 
 
 pil; pil kuitan. 
 Sorry, Sorrow, sick tumtum. 
 
 Soul, tumtum; sele. 
 
 Sound, noise; latlah. 
 
 Soup, lasup; liplip muckamuck. 
 
 Sour, kwates; sour. 
 
 South, kah sun mitlite kopa sitkum sun. 
 
 Sow (n.), klootchman cosho. 
 
 Sow (v.), mahsh. 
 
 Spade, la pell. 
 
 Spanish flies, piah lametsin. 
 
 Spark, tenas piah. 
 
 Sparrow, tenas kalakala. 
 
 Speak, to, wawa. 
 
 Speaker, wawa man; man yaka kumtuks 
 wawa. 
 
 Spectacles, glass seahost; dolla seahost; 
 lakit seahost. 
 
 Speed, speedy, hyak. 
 
 Spend, mahsh. 
 
 Spider, skookum (when spoken of as a 
 tamahnous. 
 
 Spill, to, wagh; mahsh. 
 
 Spine, bone kopa back. 
 
 Spirit, tumtum; life. 
 
 Spirits, tamahnous. 
 
 Spirits, lum; whiskey. 
 
 Spit, mahsh lapush chuck; mamook toh. 
 
 Splendid, hyas kloshe. 
 
 Split, to, mamook tsugh; mamook kok- 
 shut; wagh; tsugh. 
 
 Split (passive), kokshut; chako kokshut; 
 ohako tsugh. 
 
 Spoil, mapiook spoil; mamook mesachie; 
 mamook cultas. 
 
 Spoil (passive), spoil; chako spoil; puli. 
 
 Spoon, spoon. 
 
 Sport, heehee. 
 
 Spotted, tzum; le kye. 
 
 Spring' (v.), sopen; jump. 
 
 Spring', (n.), tenas waum illahee. 
 
 Spurs, le see bio. 
 
 Spy, nanitch skookum. 
 
 Squall, skookum wind pe snass. 
 
 Squaw, Siwash klootchman. 
 
 Squeal, wawa kahkwa cosho. 
 
 Squeeze, kwutl. 
 
 Squirrel, skwiskwis; kwiskwis. 
 
 Stab, to, klemahun; mamook cut; mam- 
 ook kokshut kopa knife. 
 
 Stable, kuitan house. 
 
 Stag", man mowitch. 
 
 Stage, chikchik; tsiktsik. 
 
 Stag'per, klatawa kahkwa pahtlum man. 
 
 Stale, oleman. 
 
 Stallion, man kuitan; yaka mitlite stone; 
 stud horse. 
 
 Stamps (postage), tzum seahost. 
 
 Stand, to, mitwhit. 
 
THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 61 
 
 stars, tsiltsll; ohilchil. 
 
 Stare, skookum nanltoh. 
 
 Start, klatawa; chee klatawa. 
 
 State, hyas illahee. 
 
 Stay, to, mitlite. 
 
 Steady, (be), kloshe nanitch. 
 
 Steal, to, kaps walla; kapsualla. 
 
 Steam, smoke. 
 
 Steamer, plah ship; steatn«r; steamboat. 
 
 Steel, chikamin; plah chlkamin. 
 
 Steer, tenas man moosmoos. 
 
 Stench, humm ; piuplu. 
 
 Stem, opoots. 
 
 Stew, mamook lipllp; lakanlm. 
 
 Stick, a, (n.), stick. 
 
 Stick, (v.), mamook cut; mamook kwotl. 
 
 Still, (be), kloshe kopet. 
 
 Still, (adj.), kloshe. 
 
 Stlner, (n.), opoots klemahun. 
 
 Stink, a, piuplu; humm. 
 
 Stir, tenas klatawa. 
 
 Stirrup, sitlay. 
 
 Stocklnffs, stocken; kushis. 
 
 Stomacli, Belly; yakwahtin. 
 
 Stone, stone. 
 
 Stony, kahkwa stone; stone mitlite. 
 
 Stooped, kaulkek; lah. 
 
 Stop, (active), mamook kopet; ikpooie; 
 
 ka. 
 Stop, to, (Imp.), kopet. 
 Store, mahkook house. 
 Storekeeper, mahkook man. 
 Storm, (wind), hiyu wind; (rain), hiyu 
 
 snass. 
 Story, enkahnam; wawa; yiem. 
 Stove, stob; stove, 
 Stralg'ht, delate, or delet; sipah. 
 Stral^ten, mamook delate. 
 Strang'e, huloima. 
 Strangfer, huloima tillikum. 
 Strap, (n.), skin lope. 
 Strap, (v.), mamook kow. 
 Strawberries, amote ; ahmoteh. 
 Stray, cultus klatawa; klatawa kah. 
 Stream, chuck; oooley chuck. 
 Street, ooakut kopa town. 
 Strike, mamook kokshut. 
 String', tenas lope. 
 Stripe, tzum. 
 
 Strive, mamook skookum. 
 Stroll, cultus klatawa; cultus cooley. 
 Strong, skookum. 
 Strongly, kahkwa skookum. 
 Student, school tenas; tenas kopa school. 
 Study, mamook tumtum kopa papah or 
 
 book. ' 
 
 Stupendous, delate hyas. 
 Stupid, halo latet; kahkwa pelton. 
 Stupor, kahkwa mimoluse. 
 Sturgeon, stutchun. 
 Subdue, Subject, tolo; kuon. 
 Sublime, hyas kloshe. 
 
 Submerge, mahsh keekwulee kopa chuck. 
 Submit, kopet. 
 Subscribe, mamook tzum. 
 Subsequent, kimta. 
 Subsistence, muckamuck. 
 Subtract, mamook haul. 
 
 Succeed, tolo. 
 
 Sucli, kahkwa. 
 
 Suck, muckamuck. 
 
 Sucker, katake. 
 
 Sudden, Suddenly, hyak. 
 
 Sugar, shuga; le sook; shugah; shukwa. 
 
 Sugary, kahkwa shuga. 
 
 Suicide (to commit), mamook mimoluse 
 
 yaka self. 
 Stiitable, kloshe. 
 Sulky, Sullen, solleks. 
 Sum, konoway. 
 Summer, waum illahee. 
 Summon, wawa kloshe yaka chako. 
 Sun, sun; otelagh. 
 Sunday, Sunday; Sante. 
 Sunlight, sun yaka light. 
 Sunrise, tenas sun; get up sun. 
 Sunset, tenas polaklie; klip sun. 
 Sup, Supper, muckamuck kopa tenas 
 
 polaklie. 
 Superb, hyas kloshe. 
 Superior, ellp kloshe. 
 Supervise, kloshe nanitch. 
 Supplant, tikop ooakut. (St. O.),. To 
 
 cut one's road). 
 Support, kloshe nanitch; Potlatch mucka- 
 muck pe konoway iktas. 
 Suppose, spose; pos. 
 Supreme, ellp hyas kopa konoway. 
 Sure, delate; delate kumtuks. 
 Surgeon, doctin. 
 
 Surmise, mamook tumtum; tumtum. 
 Surprise, mamook tumtum; ikta okoke. 
 Surrender, kopet. 
 Survey, mamook tzum illahee. 
 Survivor, man halo mimoluse. 
 Suspect, (I), nika tumtum kahkwa; pe 
 
 halo nika delate kumtuks. 
 Swallow, (n.), tenas kalakala. 
 Swallow, (v.), muckamuck. 
 Swan, kahloke; kahloken; cocumb; 
 
 ouwucheh; keluk. 
 Swap, huyhuy. 
 
 Swear, wawa mesachie; mamook swear. 
 Sweat, chuck kopa skin. 
 Sweep, to, mamook bloom. 
 Sweet, tsee, kahkwa shuga. 
 Sweetheart, (my), nika tenas klootch- 
 
 man, or tenas man. 
 Swell, chako hyas. 
 Swift, hyak. 
 
 Swift -water, skookum chuck. 
 Swim, sitshum; mamook swim. 
 Swine, cosho. 
 Swing, hang. 
 Sympathy, sick tumtum kunamokst. 
 
 T 
 
 Table, la tahb. 
 
 Tacks, tenas nails; tenas lecloo. 
 
 Tail, opoots. 
 
 Take, to, iskum. 
 
 Take care, iloshs nanitch. 
 
 Take off, or out, mamook haul; mamook 
 
 klah; mamook klak; mahsh. 
 Talk, wawa. 
 Talkative, hiyu wawa. 
 
62 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 Tale, or Story, wawa; yiem; ehkahnam. 
 Tall, hyas long. 
 Tallow, moosmoos glease. 
 Tambonrlne or Indian Sruiu, pompom. 
 Tame, (adj.), halo wild; halo lemolo; 
 
 kwann. 
 Tame, (v.), mamook kwann. 
 Tame, Kwass. (Gibbs.) 
 Tan, mamook klo^he skin; mahsh yakso 
 
 Kopa skin. 
 Tap, tenas kokshut. 
 Tart, tenas sour; tenas kwates. 
 Task, mamook. 
 Taste, tenas muckamuck. 
 Tattle, cultus wawa; yiem. 
 Tavern, muckamuck house. 
 Tea, tea. 
 Teach, to, mamook kumtuks; mamook 
 
 teach. 
 Tear, (n.), chuck kopa seahost. 
 Teat, Tatoosh. 
 Tedious, till; long. 
 Teetotaler, man yaka halo kumtuks 
 
 muckamuck whiskey or lum. 
 Teetli, la tah; teeth; ledan; letal; lanes; 
 
 otsotsach. 
 Tell, to, wawa; yiem. 
 Temple, hyas church house. 
 Tempt, tikegh haul kopa mesachie. 
 Ten, tahtlum; tahtlelum. 
 Tend, kloshe nanitch. 
 Tender, wake kuU; waka skookum. 
 Tent, sail house. 
 Term, (of school), kwahta. 
 Terrible, Terror, delate hyas mesachie. 
 Territory, hyas illahee. 
 Testament, saghalie tyee yaka papah or 
 
 book. 
 Testicles, stone, bone. 
 Testimony, wawa kopa court. 
 Testify, wawa kopa court; delate yiem. 
 Than, kopa. 
 
 Thanks, Thankful, Thank you, mahsie. 
 That, okoke. 
 That way, yahwa. 
 Thaw, (water), chako chuck; (land), 
 
 chako klimmin. 
 The, sometimes okoke is used, a very 
 
 definite the, almost equal to that. 
 Thee, mika. 
 Theft, kapswalla. 
 
 Their, Theirs, klaska; kopa klaska. 
 Them, klaska. 
 Themselves, klaska self. 
 Theology, saghalie tyee yaka wawa. 
 There, yahwa; kopa. 
 Thereabout, wake siah yahwa. 
 They, klaska. 
 
 Thick, (as molasses), pitlilh; pitlih. 
 Thief, kapswalla man; tillikum, yaka 
 
 kumtuks kapswalla. 
 Thig'h, lapea yahwa; (pointing to it). 
 Thin, (as a board), pewahte; tewhate;. 
 
 iakesilh; pchih; pewhattie. 
 Thine, mika. 
 Thing-, ikta; iktah. 
 Thing's, iktas. 
 Think, tumtum; mamook tumtum; pit- 
 
 luck. 
 Third, klone. 
 Thirsty, olo kopa chuck. 
 Thirteen, tahtlum pe klone. 
 Thirty, klone tahtlum. 
 Thirty-one, klone tahtlum pe ikt. 
 This, okoke; ok. 
 This way, yukwa. 
 
 Thither, yahwa. i 
 
 Thorn, needle kopa stick. 
 ThOToug-h, delate. 
 Those, okoke. 
 Thou, thy, thine, mika. 
 Thoii^ht, tumtum. 
 
 Thoughtless, halo tumtum. ' 
 
 Thousand, thousand; tahtlum tukamook; 
 
 hioh. 
 Thrash, mamook pat. 
 Thread, klapite, hwilom. 
 Threat, mamook kwass. 
 Three, klone. 
 Throng-, hiyu tillikums. 
 Troug-h, (by means of), kopa. 
 Throw, Thrust, Throw away, mahsh. 
 Thtunb, lemah (pointing to it). 
 Thunder, skookum noise kopa saghalie. 
 Thursday, lakit sun. 
 Thus, kahkwa. 
 Thyself, mika self. 
 Tide, chuck chako pe klatawa. 
 Tie, (v.), mamook kow. 
 Tiger, hyas pishpish. 
 Tlg-^t, skookum; kwutl. 
 Timber, stick. 
 Timid, kwass. 
 
 Tin, Tinware, malah; tin; matah. 
 Tint, tzum. 
 Tip, to, lagh. 
 Tire, (n.), chikamin mitlite kopa chik- 
 
 chlk. 
 Tired, till. 
 To, to-wards, kopa. 
 
 Tobacco, bacca; kinootl; kinoos; kitnoolth 
 Tobacco, bacca; kinootl; kinoos; kin- 
 
 oojth. 
 Today, okoke sun. 
 Tosrether, kunamokst. 
 Toil, mamook. 
 Tomb, mimoluse illahee. 
 Tonjorrow, tomoUa, 
 Tongue, la lang. 
 Ton^ht, okoke polakalie. 
 Too, kunamokst. 
 Toothache, sick kopa tooth, or ledan; or 
 
 ienes. 
 Top, (adj.), saghalie. 
 Tom, kokshut; tlah tlah. 
 Torpid, kahkwa mimoluse. 
 Toss, mahsh. 
 Total, konoway. 
 Toug-h, skookum; kull. 
 Tow, mamook haul. 
 Toward, kopa. 
 Towel, sail yoka mamoolv dly; seahost 
 
 pe lemah. 
 Track, tzum kah. 
 Trade, huyhuy. 
 Tradesman, mahkook man. 
 
THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 63 
 
 Tradition, ahnkuttle tlUlkums klaska 
 
 wawa. 
 Trail, ooakut; wayhut; tenas ooakut. 
 Tramp, klatawa kopa lapea. 
 Transfer, lolo. 
 
 Transgressor, mesachle man. 
 Translate, mamook oooley kopa hulolma 
 
 lalang. 
 Transmit, mahsh; send. 
 Trap, la piege; trap; la peage; kwalta. 
 Trash, cultus iktas. , 
 
 Travel, klatawa; cooley. 
 Traveler, man yaka hiyu cooley. 
 Treacherous, hyas tseepie; mesachle. 
 Treasurer, tillikum yaka kloshe nanltch 
 
 dolla. 
 Tread, klatawa. 
 Tree, stick. 
 
 Tree, fallen, whim stick. 
 Tremble, shake, hullel; hulul. 
 Trlhe, lalang. 
 Trick, tseepie mamook. 
 Trim (v.), mamook cut; mamook kloshe. 
 Trinity, saghalle tyee; (neslka papa, pe 
 
 yaka tenas Jesus) pe yaka Holy Spirit) 
 
 tllnlte. 
 Trot, to, tehteh. 
 Trouhle (n.), trouble. 
 Trouble (v.), mamook trouble; mamook 
 
 till tumtum. 
 Trowsers, sakolleks. 
 Trout, trout; tenas flsh; tzum salmon; 
 
 tenas salmon. 
 True, delate; halo kliminawhlt. 
 Truth, delate wawa. 
 Trunk, lacasset. 
 Tub, tamolitsh. 
 Tuesday;, mokst sun. 
 Ttim, kilaple; howh. 
 Turning', lahlah. 
 
 Turnip, turnip; lenawo; lamooow. 
 Twelve, tahtlum pe mokst. 
 Twenty, mokst tahtlum. 
 Twenty-one, mokst tahtlum pe ikt. 
 Twllig'ht, tenas polaklie. 
 Twine, tenas lope; klapite. 
 Twist, mamook kilapie (showing how). 
 Two, twice, mokst. 
 Tyro, halo kumtuks. 
 
 TJ 
 
 ITdder, totoosh or tatoosh. 
 
 Ugly, cultus; wake toketie. 
 
 TTltimate, kimta; halo huloima. 
 
 TTmbrella, tenas sail house kopa snass. 
 
 Unable, wake skookum; howkwutl; 
 awholt. 
 
 Unaccustomed, Unacquainted, halo kum- 
 tuks. 
 
 Unacquired, halo iskum. 
 
 Unaware, halo kumtuks. 
 
 Unappeased, halo chako kloshe tumtum. 
 
 Unbelief, halo iskum kopa tumtum. 
 
 Unbind, mahsh kow. 
 
 Unceasing, kwanesum. 
 
 Unchristian, halo kahkwa Jesus. 
 
 Uncivilized, wild. 
 
 Uncle, tot; uncle; papa or mama yaka 
 
 ow ; ehee. 
 Unclean, hiyu mesachle mitlite. 
 Unconscious, kahkwa mlmoluse. 
 Uncork, mamook open. 
 Under, keekwulee; keekwillie. 
 Understand, to, kumtuks. 
 Undoubted, delate. 
 Undress, mahsh iktas. 
 Undyingr, halo mlmoluse. 
 Unequal, wake kahkwa. 
 Unexpected (to me), nlka tumtum halo 
 
 yaka chako kahkwa. 
 Unexplored, halo klaksta nanitch. 
 Unfasten, mahsh kow. 
 Unfavorable, halo kloshe. 
 Unfinished, halo kopet. 
 Ung'odly, mesachie. 
 Unhappy, sick tumtum. 
 Unintelligible, halo kumtuks. 
 Unit, ikt. 
 Unite, mamook join; mamook kunamokst; 
 
 chako kunamokst. 
 universal, konoway. 
 
 Universe, konoway illahee konoway kah. 
 Unjust, wake delate. 
 Unkind, wake kloshe. 
 Unknown, halo kumtuks. 
 Unlawful, wake kloshe kopa law. 
 Unload, mahsh iktas. 
 Unlock, mamook halo lekleh. 
 Unmeaning', cultus; pelton. 
 Unmentionable, halo wawa. 
 Unnoticed, halo nanitch. 
 Unpopular, konoway tillikums halo 
 
 tikegh kahkwa. 
 'Unresolved, halo tumtum. 
 Unsalable, wake kloshe kopa mahkook. 
 Untamed, lemolo; wild. 
 Untanned, halo kloshe. 
 Untie, to, mahsh kow; mamook stoh. 
 Unto, kopa. 
 Untold, halo wawa. 
 Untrue, kliminawhit. 
 Unturned, halo kilapie. 
 Unusual, huloima. 
 Unwilling, halo tikegh. 
 Untrind, mamook kilapie. 
 Unwise, pelton. 
 Unwholesome, wake kloshe. 
 Unworthy, halo kloshe; wake kloshe; 
 
 mesachie. 
 Up, saghalie. 
 Upbraid, cultus wawa. 
 Upheave, mahsh kopa saghalie. 
 Uphold, mamook help; mamook skookum. 
 Uplajid, saghalie illahee. 
 Upon, saghalie kopa. 
 Upper, Uppermost, clip saghalie. 
 Uprlg'ht, delate; klosh; mitwhit. 
 Upset, Upside Down, kelipi; kilapie. 
 Upward, saghalie. 
 Urg-e, skookum wawa. 
 Urinate, mahsh chuck. 
 Us, nesika. 
 
 Use, mamook; use; mamook use. 
 Useful, kloshe. 
 Useles, cultus. 
 'Usual, kahkwa kwanesum. 
 
64 
 
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 
 
 UtensU, ikta. 
 
 Vacant, halo. 
 
 Vaccinate, mahsh lametsin kopa lemah 
 
 yaka kloshe kopa smallpox. 
 Vag'aboud, cultus tillikum. 
 Veil, sail kopa seahost. 
 Vain, youth; proud. 
 Valiant, skookum tumtum. 
 Valise, tenas lacasset. 
 Valley, kloshe illahee; coulee. 
 Vancouver, kitsothot; kitsotkwa. 
 Vanish, chako halo. 
 Vary, mamook huloima. 
 Vary (passive), chako huloima. 
 Vast, hyas. 
 
 Veal, tenas moosmoos yaka itlwillie. 
 Vegretables, konoway muckamuck chako 
 
 kopa illahee. 
 Vehement, skookum. 
 VeMcle, chikchik. 
 
 Vein, kah pilpil mitlite (pointing to It). 
 Venereal, the, piah sick. 
 Veng-eance, hyas solleks. 
 Venison, mowitsh. 
 Verily, delate. 
 Vermine, inapoo. 
 Very, hyas. 
 
 Very Small, hyas tenas. 
 Vessel, ship. 
 Vest, la ween; la west. 
 Vice, mesachie. 
 Vicinity, wake siah. 
 Victor, tillikum yaka tolo. 
 Victory, tolo. 
 Victuals, muckamuck. 
 View, nanitch. 
 Vig'il, wake moosum. 
 Vigfila (the), levigil; pishil. 
 Vile, mesachie. 
 Villag'e, tenas town. 
 Villain, mesachie tillikum. 
 Violin, tin tin. 
 Vine, stick; youtlkut tupso; stick 
 
 kahkwa lope. 
 Violent, skookum. 
 Violet, kloshe tupso. 
 Viper, tenas oluk. 
 Virg'in, tenas klootchman; klootchman 
 
 halo kumtuks man; haloman. 
 Virtuous, kloshe. 
 Vision, nanitch. 
 Visit, klatawa pe nanitch. 
 Voice, wawa. 
 Volcano, piah mountain. 
 Vomit, to, wagh; mahsh muckumuck; 
 
 muckamuck kilapie. 
 Vote, mamook vote. 
 Voyagre, klatawa kopa boat or ship. 
 
 W 
 
 Wade, klatawa kopa lapea kopa chuck. 
 
 Wag', heehee man. 
 
 Wag-on, chikchik; tsiktsik. 
 
 Wail, hiyu cly. 
 
 Walt, mitlite; winapie. 
 
 Wake, halo sleep; halo moosum. 
 
 Waken, mamook gel up. 
 
 walk, klatawa kopa lapea. 
 
 Wall, skookum kiilaghan; skookuir 
 
 pence. . 
 Waltz, tanse. 
 
 Wander, to, cultus klatawa; tsolo. 
 Want, to, tikegh. 
 War, pight. 
 
 Warble, sing kahkwa kalakala. 
 Warm, waum. 
 Waming, potlatch kumtuks kopa 
 
 mesachie; mamook kumtuks kopa 
 
 mesachie. 
 Warrior, sogers; pight tillikum. 
 Wash, to, mamook wash. 
 Wasp, andialh. 
 
 Waste, cultus lost; cultus mahsh. 
 Watch (n.), tiktik; watch. 
 Watch (v.), kloshe nanitch. 
 Watchman, man yaka kwanesum kloshe 
 
 nanitch. 
 Water, chuck. 
 Waterfall, tumwater. 
 Waterspout, chuck ooakut. 
 Waver, wake skookum. 
 Waves, hiyu sea; chuck chako solleks. 
 Way, ooakut; wayhut. 
 We, nesika. 
 
 Weak, wake skookum; halo skookum. 
 Wear, mitlite. 
 Weary, till. 
 Wedding-, malieh. 
 Wednesday, klone sun. 
 Weed, cultus tupso. 
 Week, Sunday; week. 
 Weep, cly. 
 
 Weig-h, to, mamook till. 
 Welcome (to you), kloshe tumtum mika 
 
 chako. 
 Well then, abba. 
 Well (n.), tlwop. 
 Went, klatawa. 
 West, kah sun klatawa. 
 Wet, pahtl chuck; chuck mitlite. 
 Whale, ehkolie; ehkole; kwahnice; kwad- 
 
 dis; whale. 
 What, ikta; iktah. 
 What is the matter (if sick), kah mika 
 
 sick. 
 Wheat, sapolill; lewhet; lebley. 
 WTieel, chikchik; tsiktsik. 
 When, kansih; kunjih. 
 Whence, kah. 
 Where, kah. 
 Whet, mamook sharp. 
 Which, klaksta. 
 Whine, wawa kahkwa cly. 
 Whip, le whet; lawhip. 
 Whiskey, whiskey; lum. 
 Whisper, tenas wawa (showing how); 
 
 ipsoot wawa. 
 Whistle, mamook wind kopa lapush. 
 White, tkope. 
 Whiten, mamook tkope. 
 Whitewash, mamook pent tkope. 
 Who, klaksta. 
 
 Whole, konoway; lowullo; lolo. 
 Whose, klaksta. 
 
AND HOW TO USE IT. 
 
 65 
 
 Why, pe kahta; kahta. 
 
 Wicked, mesahchie; mesachie; peshak. 
 
 Wide, klukulh; halakl. 
 
 Widow, klootchman yaka man mimoluse. 
 
 Wife, klootchman; oquackakull. 
 
 Wild, le molo; wild. 
 
 Wild Cat, hyas plshpish; siwash pish- 
 
 plsh;; kwalas. 
 Wild Onions, kalaka. 
 Will, The, tumtum. 
 Willow, eena stick. 
 Win, To, tolo. 
 Wind, wind. 
 
 Wind Instrument, tuttut; tuletule. 
 Windy, hiyu wind. 
 Wine, wine. 
 
 Wins', kalakala yaka lemali, tepeh. 
 Wink, mamook seahost. 
 Winnow, mamook toto. 
 Winter, cole illahee. 
 Wintry, kahkwa cole illahee. 
 Wipe, to, mamook dly; klakwun. 
 Wire, chikamin lope. 
 Wisdom, Wise, kuratuks. 
 Wish, to, tikegh. 
 Witch, tamahnous. 
 With, kunamokst; kopa. 
 Withdraw, mamook kilapie. 
 Without (not any), halo. 
 Without (not in), klahanie. 
 Wolf, leloo; wolf. 
 Wolf (Prairie), talapus. 
 Woman, klootchman. 
 Womanly, kahkwa klootchman. 
 Woman (old), lammleh; lummieh. 
 Womh, lesak kopa klootchman kah tenas 
 
 mitlite; belly. 
 Wonder, mamook tumtum. 
 Woo, hyas tikegh. 
 Wood, Wooden, stick. 
 
 Wool, sheep yaka tupso, lummeto yakso. 
 Woolen Caps, latuk. 
 Word,- wawa. 
 
 Work, to, mamook. 
 
 World, konoway okoke illahee. 
 
 Worn out, oleman; cultus. 
 
 Worry, sick tumtum. 
 
 Worship, wawa kopa saghalie tyea 
 
 Worse, clip mesachie; kimtah klosh. 
 
 Worst, elip mesachie kopa konoway. 
 
 Worthless, cultus. 
 
 Worthy, kloshe. 
 
 Wound, to, mamook, out; mamook kwotl; 
 
 klemahun. 
 Wrap, mamook kow. 
 Wrestle, mamook pight. 
 Wretched, hyas sick tumtum. 
 Wrist, lemah yahwa (point to it). 
 Writing*, tzum. 
 Write, to, mamook tzum; mamook peh- 
 
 pah. 
 Writer, tzum man. 
 Wrong*, wake kloshe. 
 
 Yankee, Boston man. 
 
 Yard, ikt stick. 
 
 Yawn, tikegh moosum. 
 
 Year, ikt cole. 
 
 Yearn, hyas tikegh. 
 
 Yell, hyas skooknm wawa. 
 
 Yellow, kawkawak. 
 
 Yelp, kamooks wawa. 
 
 Yes, nawitka; ahha. 
 
 Yes, indeed, nawitka. 
 
 Yesterday, tahlkie sun. 
 
 Yesternight, tahlkie polaklie. 
 
 Yield, kopet. 
 
 Yonder, yahwa. 
 
 You, Your (if stng-nlar), mlka. 
 
 You, your (if plural), mesika. 
 
 Yours, mlka; kopa mika; mikas. 
 
 Young*, tenas. 
 
 Young*er, elip tenas. 
 
 YO'ungest, elip tenas kopa konoway. 
 
 Yourself, mika self. 
 
 EBBATA. 
 
 Page 1, column 1, line 3, from bottom, for specific, read special. 
 Page 24, column 1, line 12, from top, for pues, read puis. 
 Page 39,- column 2, line 3, from top, for respelled word, read kloochman. 
 Page 46, column 1, line 27, from bottom, for allihee, read lllihee. 
 
 Kote Suggestions and criticism invited. George C. Shaw, 115 32nd Ave., Seattle 
 
pbactical 
 AtVEI^TISIN(3 
 
 SERVICE 
 
 Tht only reuon why any mu should 
 ■dvenne a lo pfoduce more piohl — 
 
 ArtHir BU(. Phew lad. L 42H> 
 
 190^.. 
 
 .5W- -^«>-<- <s«^ A <S-4*.iu,.^H_ <k«2<5»<itAy '«««^ 0^ ^^M*<<; ^<?.^ 
 
 a? ?tit*t, --<e^ZeUe^ T^it. -iK^^s^flt^SK^ «^y*>»-*#- tC^cc^dl^e^ 
 
 "J^f^ ^h ^ / vnyyf<^ ^ -ycn^t^i^ *7 ;^ >n^re^ e.e>rtf&y\4 iteU^<u*\_ 
 A, -iic^ <«^2rx< A*'^^/' «i/>t< ^^/^ jd«4^ ^CHu.^ -K^i-iev,, 
 
 (^^^£^■.5) ^m^^- 
 
GEORGE C. SHAW 
 
 BIBLIOPHILE AND BIBLIOPOLE 
 115 THIRTY-SECOND AVE. SEATTLE, WASH. 
 
 5BSS5E5E 
 
 RA.RE AMERICANA: Early Western Voyages and 
 Travels. Out-of-print books found on short notice. 
 Libraries appraised and sold for owners. 
 
 Correspondence solicited. 
 
PRINTERS WHO 
 REALLY KNOW 
 
 PHONES: MAIN 6279 
 INDEPENDENT 2196 
 
 PRINTDSGCD. 
 
 W. A. CALDER. Manager 
 
 INCORPORATED 
 
 SEATTLE 
 
 116 THIRD AVE. SO. 
 
 Authors having book manuscript ready for publication wiU find 
 our service unexcelled. If interested, it wiU pay you to see us. 
 

 
 J^. 
 
 
 
 ^''l-*. 
 
 '' ■> 
 
 !^' 
 
 ^l^\ 
 
 ■^'H\