The date shows when this volume was taken. To renew this boo^ coi)y the call No. and give to the librarian. HOME USE RULES All bpoks subject to recall '' All borrowers must regis- ..^. ter in the library to borrow books for home use. r All books must be re- turned at end of college year for inspection and repairs. Limited books must be t*ev returned within the four ^l r week limit and not renewed. '^^ Students must return all 't- books before leaving town. I ' "' " '" Officers should arrange for ^ the return of books wanted > ^ ^ during their absence from i, \. j^ } / '. town. * '^ Volumes , of periodicals •'' " and of pamphlelfe are held ^ in the library as much as possible. For special pur- posed they are given out for "a limited time. GlnCnpK \ •■■•;■■•< Borrowers should not use " their library privileges for jTjij / ••• the benefit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, when the 1. ,',......,; giver wishes it, are not CHARLES ' allowed to circulate. ,,j«ft*',' Readers are asked to re- CCilff ;fV., ' port all cases of books ■ ^^ ' marked or mutilated. CHINAS ^ ,^ , ;-— -7 ; : Do not dexace books by marks ahd writing. THE GIFT OF CHARLES WfLLIAM WASON CLASS OF 1B76 1918 PEOGEESSITE LESSONS. CHINESE SPOKEN LANGUAGE LISTS OF COMMON WOEDS AND PHEASES, AND AN APPENDIX CONTAINING THE LAWS OF TONES IN THE PEKING DIALECT. BY J. EDKINS, D.D., Peking, FIFTH EDITION, REVISED. Cornell University Library PL 1125.E23 Progressive lessons in the Chinese spolce 3 1924 023 550 688 SHANGHAI : ,, AMEEIOAN PRESBYTERIAN MISSION PltliisS. 1885. , , ^-',11 PL 1 1 3.^' £ ^3 W <^4-^ PREFACE. This little work is intended to assist beginners in the Chinese spoken language. The request has often been made to me, to prepare a simple work in the form of a Vocabulary, as being a want felt by learners. The attempt is here made to supply this want, and to provide a manual which may be suitable for those, who wish to acquire the common phrases of conversation, without attempting to unravel the more subtle intricacies of the language. < In the first part of the work the standard Mandarin orthography has been used. It is found in a printed form in the Wu fang yuen yin ^, Jj y^ g", a compact and useful native dictionary which may be advantageously consulted for the sounds of words. Farther on, (beginning at the 25th page) I have adopted the peculiarities of the Peking dialect, — which are given with great fulness in Sir Thomas Wade's'recent and valuable works "The book of Experi- ments,'.' and "Elementary Course." In the Appendix will be found the laws of the Peking dialect in regard to tones which will be of assistance to those who may be perplexed by a multitude of seeming irregularities in that dialect. These are here reduced to a system of laws sixteen in number. All who desire to become really good speakers in this language should study the tones. The knowledge of this peculiarity in Chinese words, lends great distinctness to what is said, and the dryness of the study is much more than compensated, by the pleasure found in being readily understood. The difficulty ex- perienced in distinguishing and learning the tones is much less than is generally supposed. The tones are marked in this work chiefly (from p. 1 to p. 52) according to the standard five-tone system, or that now prevailing at Nanking, and in the northern p|,rt of Kiang-su and Ngan-hwei. Such is the system adhered to in the native Mandarin dictionary mentioned above, and by Premare, Morrison, Medhurst, and other authors. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. Lessons 1 to 52. Lessons 32. Surgery. 1 to 11. Common Words. 33. The Well. 12. Boating. 34. Dinner. 13. The House. 35. Arresting a Criminal. 14. Money. 36. Baying Land. 15. The Country. 37. Tigers. 16. The Body. 38. Elephants. 17. Conversation. 39. Silver mines. 18. Tailor. 40. Water. 19. Society. 41. Coals at Peking. 20. Messages. 42. Junk Navigation. 21. Measures. 43. Furs. 22. Worship. 44. Imported foreign Manu- 23. Man. factures. 24. Time. 45. Foreign Tribute. 26. Strength and Skill. 46. Emperor's Seal. 26. Mason's work. 47. Gratitude, an anecdote. 27. Study. 48. Generosity, an anecdote. 28. Ancestors. 49. Self-control, an anecdote. 29. Servants. 60. Integrity, an anecdote. 30. Trade. 61. Rules for a free School. 31. War. 52. A Cavern. Lists op Useful Woed s AND Short Phrases. 1. Place and Direction. 8. Conjunctions. 2. Time. 9. Names of Imports, Wax, etc 3. Afi&rmative and Negative 10. Incense, Pepper, etc. Expressions. 11. Medicines. 4. Common Adjectives. 12. Miscellaneous articles. 5. Prepositions. 13. Marine productions. 6. Postpositions. 14. Dyes and Colours. 7. Fragmentary Clauses at 15. Woods. the end of Sentences. 16. Time-pieces, Teleacopes, etc 17. Cotton Goods. 18. Woollens, etc. 19. Metals. 20. Precious Stones, etc. 21. Animal Products. 22. Exports — Oil, Wax, etc. 23. Medicines. 24. Miscellaneous Articles. 26. Colours, Paper etc. 26. Various Wares. 27. Wood. 28. Clothing. 29. Native Linen and Cotton Manufactures. 30. Silk Manufactures. 31. Articles of Pood. 32. Common Utensils. 33. Vegetables and Fruits. 34. Domestic Animals. 35. Birdff. 36. Fishes. 37. Cart Furniture, etc. 38. Words used in Building. 39. Liquids. 40. Clothing. 41. Sickness. 42. Boat furniture, etc. 43. House furniture. 44. Insects, Reptiles, etc. 45. Common Verbs. 46. Distinctive numeratives. 47. Significant numeratives. 48. Weights ^nd Measures. 49. Collectives. 50. Auxiliary nouns of quality. 51. Numeral particles to verbs. 52. Phrases at an Inn. Appendix. I. — Tones of the Peking dialect. II. — Tones of the Nanking dialect. III. — Tones at Chefoo. VI Alphabet and Tone Marks. 1. The five vowels i, e, a, o, u, when they are not followed by a final n or ng, have the Italian sound. They are the vowels con- tained in the words foe, fay, papa, foe, too. 2. The vowels i, e, when followed by n or ng, are pronounced as the vowels in e, fin, and fun. But after i and y, the vowel e is to be sounded as e in sent. A, o, u, when n and ng follow are unaffected by that circumstance. 3. The vowel i is heard like e, in middle, tassel, ancle'. 4. The vowel ii is heard like u, in the French words tu une. 6. The vowel e is heard as the first e, in there or as ea in hear. 6. The mute and sibilant consonants k, t, p, f, s, sh, ch, are pronounced as in English. Though sometimes a little softened in northern dialects, so as to be heard like g, d, b, etc., this need not be noticed in expressing their proper orthography. 7. An inverted comma above the line follows the consonants k, t, p, ts, ch, when they are aspirated. In such case a strong guttural aspirate closely follows the sound of these consonants. Pronounce as the word Tahiti without the vowel a. This might be expressed by T'ifci, according to the orthography now explained. 8. In the mandarin of the north and the west, the initials h and B coincide before i and ii. The sound formed by this union may be denominated a sibilant h, or an aspirated s, and the spelling hs has been proposed for it, but it will probably become sh in the course of years. 9. In the same dialects, ts and k coincide before the same vowels i and ,ii. The sound thus formed may be written k, ts, or ch_ It is not plainly defined, and is constantly hovering between these various phonetic values. After a further period of change, it will probably determine itself finally in a distinct ch. 10. Every word is pronounced evenly, or with a rising or falling inflection of the voice, or with a double inflection. It may be pitched high or low, according to the usage of any particular dialect, and be enunciated quickly or slowly. All words in the Vll language are arranged in four or five large groups, and one of these, tones or inflections is attached to each. Thus the great class to which each word belongs is known, by the intonation with which it is habitually pronounced. 11. The five tone classes are marked in the following manner : TONE CLASS. CHINESE NAMES. EXAMPLES. First tone. Second tone. Third tone. Fourth tone. Fifth tone. r ^ shang p'ing Jt ^S shang sheng "S^ ^ c'kii sheng yv ^ juh sheng h ^ hia p'ing jl^ ,wu H. 'wu ^ wu' J^ wuh * For Nanking mandarin, the fourth tone-class or juh sheng is marked with a final h. In the North, the words of this tone-class are distributed among the other tone classes, and the number of tones is then four. Note to Revised Edition. In numbering the tone classes, the native system is followed, which in the tonic dictionaries, whether for the general language or for provincial dialects, makes Shang sheng the second tone, C'hii sheng the third, and Juh sheng the fourth; and so on the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth for the lower series where this exists. In Sir T. Wade's works the Hia p'ing is called the second tone the Shang sheng the third, etc. This is an innovation. To avoid practical inconveniences the learner is recommended to make use of the Chinese names, Shang p'ing, etc., and not of numbers. When the Chinese began 1200 years since to mark tones, there were four in the language and they agreed to denote them by small circles at the four corners of a charactar. Thus ^ yii in p'ing sheng, ^ yii in Shang sheng, ^ yii in C'hii sheng, and ^ dok in Juh sheng. This is the basis of the tone notation adopted in Dr. Williams' dictionaries, and in the present work. The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023550688 PEOGEESSIVE LESSONS. CHINESE SPOKEN LANGUAGE. ivi**-' T^ 'Ni, thou. Zw yv jJen, maw. tJ-C^;^ 14^ Shu' muh, trees. ■<:«& ^ ,S]iu, 600A;. .V -^^ ;^ Shi', is; was. LESSON 1. ^ ffT 'Wo men, we. -^^ ' ->-vva^ fSi JPI 'Ni .men, you. . '^' '^-^-"^ "Ml ffl ,T'a .men, i%. ^"'-^ -v-*-^ j^.Chwen, s/iip; 6oa«. >^ ^y^ ,81, siZZ;. tt^- ^'C 'Shui, water. ^ViX ^5 ^ Na' ko', fhat. ■^' ^^ ^ Puh, not. /.^i^ ^^ .Lai, come. ■^ gfy Tih, sign of possessive^ as 10 ^ -^ ^ ''^^^ ^°' -j^^ P'^^ ^^> ^^^* ''^^"' *''*'^^ '^^^ come, or i/ws maw is not coming. ^t M I Ov ^^ '^° .men tih .c'hwen, our ship. 1^ iPI ft^ ^^jt'a .men tih ,si, fteiV silh. A^ ^k ^ iTI B^ P*^^ ^^^' '^° .men tih, it is not ours. ja10^-^^'^6^ clie' ko' ,sha puh shi' 'ni tih, this hook is not yours. LESSON 2. r: ^ ' Yeu, have ; there is. - »2/wf y,ii^' ^^ ^ Muh 'yeu, AaiJe not. iM£^''^M Cte' 'li, ;iere. tMJ, -wt ^ # Clie' yang', tUs sort. ^'Hau, ^oo(?. 7t*^' % ^ Puh 'hau, 6a(i. ^a^ "^ ' i5 i Na' 'li, there. IViC t\/ 0R ^ Na' yang', fAai sort, yi^^ yt-^ [2 ] "X^" ^ Tsai', at; in; to be at. ^ ,Tuj all. ^ , fi^^ To, many. A^ 'Sliau, few. ^ ''^ ,To 'shau, how many ? ^^ '^^ dLeti J^ Ta', great. yj'* 'Siau, little, small. oAJta.^ /tie- ^ jKau, ^ligf/i. '(^ ,Ti, low. , ^' 0^ 1@ -^ >E 5?^ yv clie' ko' paji shij 'hau jen, this is not a good man. 9? yv 3^ 'haa .jen 'shau, good men are few. 'pE aa ft 'W ji'C tsai' che' 'li 'yeu ^shui, there is water here. JG. I0 ^ -^ ^W^ cbe' ko' jSi puh 'hau, this silk is not good. "KL iPI ^ "pb ia S jt'a -meii ,tu tsai' che' 'li, they are all here. 5^ ^ w /S ^ By ol^s' jsIlu ,tu sH' ,kau tih, these trees are all high. 3^ W ® ^ 5y^ 9^^' yS'Hg' stu/ mull 'liau, trees of this sort are good. 3a 5^ fly yv -^^ cite' 'li tih .jen puh 'shau, the men here are not few. JK W "nf '^J'* W ix 'R ta' ,shu 'yeu 'siau ,shu muh 'yeu, there are large hooks, hut no small ones. LESSON 3. ■1^ ^ ^ 5J$ .Na .lai, hring. $ ^ .Na k'ii (c'hu'), take away. >»«- f^'^ .^S:,^'^ ^ 'Tseu, waZfc. ^ K'ii', go. fJOC <- -^^^^jTung ,si,{east,y7est)thing,^-''\pj Sia' .t'sing, a matter. Z -Z*^ r^ - ^ ^ Shen' 'mo, what ? M M 'Na 'li, where ? Ha.' li/' (j^ii^ HSf- Kiau', caZZ; ^s caZZecZ. ^ Bff 'Ki .shi, w?iew ? CUZ'' Z. C- -itiX ^ ^ ,1 fuh, clothes. 'f]7 Pu', cotton cloth. fLd, ot^yiA, ■^^ .G'heu., woven silk; pongee. ^^ .V'ing, bottle ; pitcher. "Si-i^. M 1® 11 **4 ® ^ che' ko' .c'heu kiau' shen' 'mo, what is this silk called ? 3ia, 10 ^k JJr ^ ® che' ko' shi' 'hau ,tung ,si, this is a good thing. ^y> 1® ®f ^ >^ na, ko' .p'ing puh ta', that bottle is not large. ■^ ^k ^ fly ^ flR p"^^ ^^^' '^'^ t^ >^ ^"^^j ^^^2/ ''"■^ ^''O^ ^2/ cZoi/ies. JIB,.3^ ■^ ,t'a puh k'ii'. Tie wiZZ not go. ^ W ^ '^^ '^^"^ '^^^^ hring books. [ 3 ] Ju -^ ® ^ '^ 'pa jtnng ,si .na k'ii', iafce i/ie things away. ^ •^ ^R ^ .c'hwen tsai' 'na 'li^ wKere is the boat ? Tn ^ B* ^ ^ pu' 'ki ,s]i'i .na .lai, when did you bring the cloth ? 3^a W /W ^ c^e' yang' jSi ,to, there is much of this silk, (raw silk.) ^l*fllW^-^ a! na' yang' sbu' muh puli ta', that hind of tree is not large. is 1@ :S "S ^ che' ko' shi' shen' 'mo, what is this ? LESSON 4. Z' ^'' g 2* . Tsi' 'ki, self ^WiW. Clie' 'mo yang', thus. dJ, 7^^ -j^ :^ .T'siuen, aZZ; wA^oZe. ^^, ^ '^'Tseti'moyang'^/iowP'fi*^ '~- i* '^;4v^ # Koh, eac/i,; ewrj^. -^ Tso', cZo; ma&e. -fe-^ <>^ ^,Sie,afewof.alittleof. ^. Ho, with; harmony. ' '^''^^ <^^^ tSt^ j^ 1^ Che' lei' this sort of |^ .T'ung, together with. ^^^ »£^ [h] B-iang', towards ; to. ^ .T,sui^g,from;toaccordwith. J^ (<2-t^ ^^a ^ ^ Yueh liang', iZie moow. i^f'*^ '^^ ^^'Ch^i, paper. -S<-^ ,Cha yeh, Zea in leaf. <^ n*^ - , J -Jp B'E 'sie 'liau tsi' .ni, have you written. ^p fla ^W ni kih ('kih) ,t'a 'chi yung', give him paper to use ^C sS' frf itSi 'wo jen' teh ,t'a, I know him. ^S ^ ^ >Mf -f* -na pih .lai 'sie tsi', hring a pencil to write. W 10 ^ rl 'y^'^ ^*^' -hung .men, there is a red door. ^^ .a. 51$ W ■^8' hwa' .lai k'an', bring pictures for me to see iS 'iS M '^ $F 1^ hien' tsai' hwang ti' 'hau tih, the present' emperor is good. 5^ 'R ^ ^ muh 'yen yueh liang', there is no moonlight. jK. 1^ >K JK ^'^^' ■yS'ng t'ai' ta', the sun is very powerful. iwwi^W'-m^ >^'^ ti^ ji ^^^ -hung, hung, his clothes are red. LESSON 6. — ' Tih, one ; a. on^ .-£1^ 7^ Luh, or lieu', six. -^oc- ~ Br', two. -f;if^ iz^'-t^ '^'^^^' *«^^'*- -^^^o*^^ ^zi ,San, three, -f;^;^,.*^ j^-L ^ ^*^' ^^S'^*- -e^i^^J^ EgSi',/oMr. ^-r ^^ jt 'Kieu, mwe. .,.»*-^ i'Wu,>e. ^^i.^. ^^,^;^+ Shih, fer.. "Z^^^ * B/U' fg' jen' teh, hnow a person or know characters. ^ ^ 'hiau teh, know thoroughly. ^^ ,chi tau', know a fact. [5] ^5 or "10 Ko'j numeral for 7^ 'Pen, root, volume, numeral men, etc. for books. ^ 'Mai, buy. J Mai', sell. Hi Yung', to use ; eat. ^ /V Yung' . jen, servant. gg .Netig, can. ^ ,C'liwen, /^'.M^iC '^K'wai',sJ^arp; quickly; soon. 77 'Tau, A;m/e; sworcZ. ^ TArC Ik Fan', rice. ^^ChihidJi', take a meal.CAt£ "Uti. ^ -Am," ^ 'Hau, well; good; done. ^ Hioh (.hiau), to Uarn. '-oA. "t'u. ^ jT'ien, heaven; day; weather. % Ti', earth. di> 7^ Jl Shang', above. ^ Hia', 6eZow. ■ V h HT,r,-„„. /,7,/,„.p r* Hia'. below. ' 0' , [ 6 ] ^ © ^^ J jtung ,si puh kien, 'liau, things are lost. ^ wyJiM. 1S ^ -g^ shwah che' ko' ,i fuh, brush these clothes. iff fll» 1H r^ ting' na' ko' .men, nail that door. te te ^ man' man' 'tseu, walk slowly; wait a little. ^ ^'1^ 'tseu lu' k'wai', he walks fast. PC 5T W qy S^ 'si 'iiau 'ni tih 'lien, wash your face well. ^T* jtr W P^^ '^8-^ k'an', «,oi grooc? to see. •wll q^ "T* shwah .tiai 'tsi, brush shoes. ^S '0v ^ 5|$ ■113' k'wai' ,tau .lai, bring a sharp knife. ilfi 5|C 'l/i J t'a' .lai k'wai' 'Iiau, he will come soon. Jx. "W ^? muh 'yeu hioL, J have not yet learned. TS -T* TM 'tung puh 'tung, do you understand or not ? LESSON 8. * *-^ ^!^ ,Sheng i', trade. BB ^ .T'ien 'li, in the fields. Cue £t^ '^f*^* "^ Kwei', dear; honourable. ^g Tsien', cheap ; poor. Xt^ > ^- '^' ift" J^t (jo'), ^oi.J^ .Hang, cooL '^ 'Leng, coZt^. -^-^ «^ ^;^ g Put yau', I (io wo< xuant. M Heh (,liei), feZacfc. ^^^ e ,a!U«. 15 gg .Man .t'eu, bread. Q Peh (pai), white. 7^^^*^ ' . ■ «*•' ^fi SM' 't'i, a maWer. :§'-^ ,Slien 'tsi, botij/. -**«< ^^ ti-Ay^ ;^ Tsui', very. ]J "Ting, most, top. A^Cnf"^ f^y,^'' ^. 'Tsau, early. pj^ f!^ 'Liang ko', two. -ioei,, ^^ ^ '/wwvj -^ ,Kin, woM. ^,1^'Yeuhien', «oi«M(cA;/ew. <«^'s«W^ i^-T^ Aj) jSin, /leari; mind. ;^ 'K'i ('c 'In), rise ; begin. cA'H,'' ^' Hv ^ ^ Kwei' tih. puh yau', if dear, I do not want it. io. 10 T^ ^ che' ko' ting tsien', this is the cheapest. W\ W ^ 'S' tau' .t'ien 'li c'hii', go into the fields. t^ 5k -^ T '^^ -^^^ P'^^ 'tsau, you have not come early. ^ ^1 ^S >Tv jt'ien jeh 'c'hi .lai, the weather is growing hot. 5c ^(w ^ ^ fiy jt'ien 'leng yau' ,c'hwen tih, when the weather is cold'I shall wear it. ^ ^ Z^ j(^ jSheng i' puh 'hau, trade is bad. -» yA '^ RR -jen 'y^'^ hien', i^re are few men. [ 7 ] ia. ^ y'v I^ "S SS °^s' jSie .jen c'hih .man .t,eu, these people eat bread. ^ py ^ Q pKI ^ ^sli ti^ jto psii till 'shau, there are many black, but few white. R^ /r SvT ^^ 5^ 'liang jkiti .hung .c'ha yeh, iwo catties of black tea. nr ^ ^ 'tsau ,sie .lai, come earlier. M^^M^^a >t'a puh 'hiau teli sM' 't'i, /le does not know matters. LESSON 9. /Vd^m^ 3^ 'Hen, exceedingly (initial) . fg= jR Teh 'hen, exceeding ly (fin .) i^JL HAnJ TTLte '^ ;^ 4^ .Mien ,hwa, cotton. ,-f,^ -^ Twan' 'tsi, saiw. -<3^^ ^^y ->bi'M. K C'hih, /ooi. •^}^ T'sun', mc/i. -^'«> c^' -/it^ ^kJ® '^1 l^'O) ^0^ many ? jtj ^ 'Hau ,to, ?;eri/ many. 'A»t ^ 'CA.-*-ti4 ^£ jShwang, a pair. 'J^ 'Tsieu, wine; spirit. te '^. .Yang, sheep ; goat. ^f ,Chu, pig. ^^^ (f^^ # -Yii, fish. . fy. 'Ta, beat ; catch. •^^'' ^ ^* '*^ ^ ^ ■"-' '^^' meaning. j^ Nien', reaii. -t-i^^ "^fUe^ "^ Chihj numeral for sheep etc. ^ 'Li, within. -Ci/ V?^ -^'^ "7* -Pang 'tsi, /lottse. ^|> ^ Wai' .t'eu, outside. "^d^ ^^ ^Ij M "?* S '^ ^ "5^ tau' .fang tsi 'li c'hii' 'sie tsi', go into the room and write. 01^ IS ^, ^ itf na' ko .ii 'hen 'hau, that fish is very good. p- fX ^ -rS jSan ,kin .mien ,hwa, three catties of cotton. A^ "^ ^E ^^ t'sih ,sh-wang .hiai 'tsi, seven pairs of shoes. ^ -)-- H 1^ "?* 'mai shih c'hih twan' 'tsi, buy ten feet of satin. ^■^^^IK^ che' chi ,ki 'hen 'hau, this fowl is exceed- ingly good. ^ 10 -^ M» ^ S ^^^' k°' ^^^^ '™° ^' >^^> '"'^"* ^°^^ '^^^* me aw .^ Wf ~¥'^^^^ -^^^S 'tsi 'liau teh 'hen, the house is very good. ^ >M ^ li^ "W iiien' kwo' ,shu mei' 'yen, have you read books? [8] ^e 1@ yv ^ 'ki ko' .jen .lai, how many men come ? ^ ^ -jp ^ J'S^ tsai' .fang 'tsi 'li 'leng, within the house it is coldly. Wt'f'W^^Wl' twan' 'tsi tso' tih ,i fuh, clothes made of satin. ^ "^ M IS "?" 'liang t'sun' heli twan' 'tsi, two inches of black satin. ^ rPS /K ^ -^^ jet 'shui .lai, bring hot water. 5E ^ ■^ Rk jsheng i' 'yeu hien', there is not much trade. flE ffl ^ ^h ^ jt'a .men tsai' wai' .t'eu, they are outside. LESSON 10. :ClJ, ^^*^ R^ 'JM Hoh 'tsieu, to drink wine. ^ ^ Pan' ,t'ien, /laZ/ a day. ^ 'ue ^to^^i' i^ ,Pei, cztp. {1| iB' CTiuli han', io perspire.tl'iUiHO^^ , <^ee/. P^ 'Liang, a iaei; two. @ jifc ,Tin 't'si, therefore. M^iJ'^'^ ' "tk^^v-^. ^ ^ "^^ ^^^' ^^^'^^ ^ Tsin', enter. "ZJ^iSi-^V -fitJ^^ Is Sung', present ; escort. (eJ .Hwei, gjo foacfc. -'•'Wi^t/t, uu^o^<*ic — '5C Yih chang', a chang, j0c. Sing, family name. t»-^ ^^^''JS^ Jl 'Wan stang', at night, 'flj Pu', cottm. cloth. /^t^i.* ^ J ^ ^ 'siang 'liau pan' ,t'ien, he thought for half a day i. e. a long time. W ^H^ tsien 'ki c'hih, pu', or |^ ^ X tU 'cTiiau 'chi c'ti pii', how many feet of cloth shall I cut ? ^ ^ ^ ^ /V /p 'mai .yang juh t'sih pah ,kin, buy seven or eight catties of mutton. •^ ^ Pw 10 yv "^ 'ta fah 'Hang ko' .jen c'hiif, send two men. ^S 5W'^ J tsin' .c'heng c'hii' 'liau, he has gone into the city. IbJ^S^' .hwei c'heng 'li, c'hii', he has returned into the city. jfj Jt 5I5 ft 'fu shang' 'na 'li, where is your palace ? i.e. home. [ 9 ] LESSON 11. CA.L.^-'v^ ^ ,0'liun, spring. -^Sii^f-t. ^I'C ,T'sieu, autumn. J^ ^ ,Hwa, flowers. -My^ ^ Luh (lu')j green. ^'M ;^ ,T'sau, grass. y<^y^^^Xv^^i',easy. ^^ '^ Chu', to dwell. ■k^ dl& ^^ Kia' .t'sien, |)nce •^' J^*>«.^ :J^ Ti' ,faiig, flace. ^ Hia', summer. ^^ ,Tung, winter. Mv j^ing (feng), wiwd;. "Q^ 'K'u, misery ; Utter 5g!^ Kieu', saiJ6. ^ .Nan, difficult. ^ Nan'j suffering. ^ "jQ 'Ki ko', Aow mawj/ •*' % ■^ Sing' ming', life. ruC ^}t .Sin, wew. '^ kieu', old. ■^^^ ■JS, ^k "Hi -^ gp" clie' 'li jliwa 'f^sau ,to, flowers and grass are '^^f^ abundant here. P?5 10 -^ M ?2 iia' ko' shen' 'mo ,hwa, wA.ai flower is that ? A^ ^ Mf W V^^ -y^iig i^ tso'j woi easT/ io do. ■ft 'BE PIP ^ cliu' tsai' 'na 'li, where do you live ? ^ By IM ^ J^ 'vn^i tih kia' .t'sien ta', yow btti/ a< a high price. Jtt ^ W^ -^ }tj jj™ '*'^i ,sheng i' puh 'hau, and therefore trade is bad. ^p y^ "?£ K? Hy jc'hun ,t'ien ,hwa 'hau tih, in spring the flowers are fine. ia ^& j7 py /V che' ti' jfang tih .jen, the men of this place. [ij -^ ^ ^^ c'huh c'hii' k'an' ,hwa, go out to see flowers, ^' ^ ML {« jtimg jt'ien jfung 'leng, in winter the wind is cold. ^ j^ wM W^ jto 'shau .c'heu twan', how much silk and satin. ^ >^ ^ /\. '''^o ^^i' '^'^ -i^^' ^ *™' ^'^ unfortunate man. Wk '^ W kieu' sing' ming', to save life. LESSON 12. BOATING. du. Ji^ '^ ^,S^en,sheng, sir J teacher, m^ ,Ghen, true. ^Myv^ ^^>^ i?f Hwa', words. [man. ^ 'PE Shih tsai', truly. X^CJZ'^^ •^ Cdxf ^ i .Chwen 'chu, chief boat- ^" .T'ing, to stop. iPLA^ ^,^^<-/!Ua "^ ^ 'Ma .t'eu, jetty. ^ .Yau, to scull. p^^^e- .Mau, anchor. ^ ,P'au, to cast. ^^/<5^z2^ Tyu>-n. / 'O-v^y^ [ 10] .Veng, sail. ^ 'CTii, to raise. dJi'i ''a^'f Hia', to let fall. i^ 'Lu, a scull. ^^^ , , ^ t^ ^ 'V-OKl, ,^1^ . ^ .T'ang, hall. ^ ,T'i, stairs. (l;t'u oJU twu^^ .Sill -fang, library. 1^ Choh, iafeZe, ' (U[^ .cU: lU.' i^ ^ Ti' 'pan, /oor. ^ 'I, chair. ^j," ,£,xo ^ .Leu, wpp'er-story. ^ .O'liwaiig, Jed. ;^''^*^ T^«^X«^ _t. -Lsu sbang', v/pstairs. IRr "X* Chang' ,tsi, cMriaiw. -tW^ X^ J^ .T'siang, waZZ. ^^ ip 'Ho .lu, /re stove. ^^' Ztl ^ ^ ^ W ykwan ,po 'li ,c'Jiwang, close th6 glass windows. [li J •^ W W ^ 'R nv tsai' ,shu .fang 'li 'yeu tih, in the library there are some. W rl '^ 0^ .t'sien .nienjjuh ,k'ai, the front door is not open or they do not open. S — ' \^ ^ J® 'leiyih .t'iau .c'hang .t'siang, build a long ivall. r. 3^ ^ ^5 shang' ,pieii kai' .leu, huild an upper-story above. ^» \ ^ ^ J6. _tl k'eh . jen tso' tsai' .t'ang shang', the guests are sitting in the hall. [upstairs. ^S _L ^(x. "W ■^ -Isu sliang' muh 'yeu ,k'uTig, there is no space ^ ^ i^ ^ ^ -^ t'eli .t'ang muh 'jen ti' 'pan, t/te recep- tion hall has no wooden floor. i y\. rfe ^ 'cliu .jen tso' .nan, the master sits to the south- ward. LESSON 14 MONEY. -cUi- ^g .T'sien, money; cash. ifX 'Ctau, pay a remainder. Ta-rn, W^ /r'«w P3 ^ Si' ,k'ai, shilling. ^ -^ .Yin 'tsi, silver. -nyW til,=^ .^3^«gX> 'fj^ Chih, to be worth. Jg .Hwan, return money. /\Au\> CitJ-^^^ M Tui' hwan', exchange. "X ^ l^'ai' 'shau, too little. '^'^^ '^^ 7U&V. ^ Tsien', jpoor; cAeap. ffe* Jt Shi'shang',m ^/to 'shau ,ying .yang, how many Mexican dollars ? Tp _t ^T* f^ K sjii' shang' puh teh 'mai, none to be bought in' the market. ' ^^ ® ^R "(§ 4K i^^^E >si kwei' teh 'hen, the things are very dear. l¥ ffl 1^ ^ JK -yang kia* 'chang 'c'hi .lai, the price of the dollar is rising. [ 12 ] ym //-fc rnrr _^ /jfe SS 1-4^ — ' Wi — '3^ .hwan 'ni yih 'Hang er' .t'sieiij / return you one tael and two mace. ^^ ^ I0j yT' jSan kioh si' ,fen, three-tenths and four-hun- dredths of a dollar; 34 cents. Wi "X* ifi ■?£ ^ .yin 'tsi hien' tsai' tsien'j at present silver is cheap. IM ^ >WC M kia' .t'sien t'ai' kwei', the price is too much. -^ liB §^ V^^ cMh .t'sien, it is not worth anything. LESSON 15. THE COUNTRY. '.*/&■ ;$^ 'Pen jliiang, my village, g^ Chung' ti', to sow. (^^i^ ^ f^ ''o^ liU "f»;H:iang hia', in the villages. ^ Oliuh, or chuli 'tsi, bamboo. . fl^**A/ Ife'M ^ jT'sun, a village. ^ 'Li, Chinese mile. "^ ■u^tii Mj^j^™& -li^^g' "^o^- H H, ,San 'li, JS/ugrKs^ miZe. da.^ ^ U» Xc'oi.''^^. ,Hwa 't'sau, flowers and j^ j^ 'Tseu 'yuen, waZfc /ar. UM^, ii' grass. ^ Hieh, to re^t. ^Litk> L^'*^fe"^ ^ , Kin .men, this year. '^^ Fuh. -p'a', not fear. ^ti^Jf'O^ M ■'•^^^ fSc^^ .Yen -wan' , walk for plea- Jfl^^g Kin' lu', near road. ^'^If^**^ L^2SJ'>^-y*'Siau.hai'tsi, /tWefioy ^;;^ jl'ing 'shui, wmti and ^^'- tX;*v^ J|£,Chwang, cluster of houses; JJ ^ Ohuh .lin, bamboo grove. cAMi^Lv^ homestead. igEl 1^ Shu' .lin, a wood. ■iV' cJvU ■^"iVij C^^ H 'Yeu ,t'su, pretty. ^j) Kwah, fo 6Zow. ^ -7^0^ ^Ij ?il5 P ^ tau' jhiang hia' c'hii', go into the country. IIP "T* /V ,hiang hia' . jen, countryman. 1. i^ Tfj-'^ 1 shang' jkiai shi' c'hii' 'liau, to go to market. ^ ?S Hv ''v k'an' yah tih .jen, a duck-keeper. ^^W^\^^^^ *s^i' jhiang hia' ,ki ,to, in the country fowls are nwmerous. .^ 1^ ^ n 'tseu lu' ,sin 'k'u, he walked till he was tired. ^ S l^ ,san si' 'li lu', three or four le. [village. ^ .JllSII ^ 5^ jt'sun shang' tih peh sing', the people of the |p|5 "f* /I"* ^ "T* jtiang hia' 'siau .hai 'tsi,. village children. -^ ^ ^ 1* j£ -h elm' tsai' ,hiang hia' jchwang shang', he lives in a country hamlet. ../ [ 13 ] 3^ i^h W -^ ^ clie' jt'iau lu' puh kin'^ this road is not near. Mm yd*^ JKifr jfung 'slmi 'hen. 'hau, the position is very good (literally) the wind and water are very good. h!) ^^ W* y^ k-wah 'c'hi ,fung .lai, it begins to blow. -^ 'iH ^ is P^^ P'^' ^^' 'y^-^^i ^^ does not fea/r the distance. ^ im V^ 'tseu lu' k'wai', he walks quickly. TB -^^ ^E 'hwa 't'sau 'yeu ,t'su, the flowers are pretty. ^E'trWS^^^ ^^^^' '^^^ •'^i^ '\i .yea yj&u' , wander for pleasure in bamboo groves. *^^llJ^6^^:^raiili'yeu ,fung .Hang till ti' ,fang, there is no cool place. LESSON 16. THE BODY. t^ iZ-" % fl ,Shen 't% the body. ^ H K'oh .t'eu, make a pros- hl^ 'Vxa^,'.^^^/ iP^^fl jYen jtsing, ei/es. ^^ T&i', to carry. [tration. <^ '''KaJk, fl§ Hiah, blind. \hand. ^ .Hien, hold in the mouth. T*' tt^^aXiJ' ^-^ 'Chan 'sheu, cut -off the fh Chan', stand. -"^^y^^ 4m^UL ]^ ^ .T'eu fah, hair. ^ 'P'au, io run. f> ">^ t'V- %^'^'i', shave. - ^ Wo', hungry. '>^\ 'JLlLl^ ^ M .Tsui 'li, in the mouth, ^i T'iau', jump. t'^je, ^ ^ ■dcL tlal ^ W Ta' kioh, large feet. ^'^Kwei' ^ai' , kneel and boiv. '^'^f^' (UuH\, OU^ 1^ ^ ,Hiung .fang the chest, i^ M .Sin .Chang, heart. ^2^ ^^ . '^^^^ -^((Ji'Sheu, sin, ^aZmo/ZtawcZ. ||^* 'T'ang, fo lie down. ^^'itA. ^ .^JlJJ^,^^ i^ Moh, y°^ ^'^y i'""^ down. [ 14 ] ^T^^^'fifc kwei' hia' .lai pai' ,t'a, kneel down and bow to him. '^ S l^l] ® V^^ 7^^' t'i' •*'6'^' ^'^ ^"^ ^^"''"^ y°^'^ head. i^ A^fPfffeAp .t«ii 'li .hien shea' 'mo ,tung ,si, what is he holding in his mouth. LESSON 17. CONVERSATION. 'La. di ■flf jft Kwei, sing', your name ? ^ ,Tsuii, honourable; your. S^ .Ming, proper name. |^ .Han, cold; mean; my. ^ Hau', literary name. Mi. O'hu', a place. [name ? Uju" ;pf :Mfe Kwei' ti', your home ? ^ ^ ,'Kaxi.^va.g' ,yourMghsur- fCoe, a*^'^ "^y* She' hai', my cottage. ^" ^ Kwei' ,keng, your age ? cAi^X^e. Ling', honoured ; your. ^^ Sui', years of age. ^^kX^ Y\\poor; mean; my. •'^ ^ Ling' .t'ang, yowr mo^Aer. Uii/-"^^^^ > &i^i(Hi -^ ^|) Ling' .lang, your son. ■^^i 'Pau jkiuen, your wife. />**^ ^"Ling' ngai', your daughter. jTsun kia', you. iSfi^^* ,Kia ,kiuen, wife and ^ ^ Kwei' ,kan, your business. Cl^ Kil& children. ^ J^ Kwei' y^h, your trade. Cm^ 7*u4^ 'Pau, valuable. jjj; ^J ,T'si k'eh, at present, ta'y^^'e^ ^Ij Pieh, other. i^ ^ Hien' ,kin, ditto-. ^^ ^^^^ • ^ Wei', numeral for men. '^ }(f 'Ni 'hau, are i/om weZZ ? ^*^' ^-<*^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ,sien jsheng ,tsun sing', teacher, what is your ^honourable name ? ^/fj ^ ft kwei' 'fu 'na li, where is your honourable home .? ^ BsJf ^J fflR ^ 'ki .shi tau' pi' ti', when did you come here ? "^ SI ^S ^^ — ' ® kwei' kwoh shi' 'na yih kwoh, of what kingdom are you ? <&*. ^ ^ ^ ,kin .nien kwei' ,keiig, how old are you this year ? f^ 5^ 'ft' )M ^ ^ '^^ -^^^ ^^'^'^ '^° kwei' ,kan, ojj. wfeai affair have you come ? ^ »ii -lau kia', J have troubled you. ■^ MR ^£ ^ lii3g' .lang 'ki sni', how old is your son ? ^ ^ -^ y^ ^E 'pau, kiuen tsai' puh tsai', is your wife with you or not ? Sy ^ B^ pieh hau' ,ni, what is your literary name ? [ 15 1 !^'W ^y fid ^fft mtili 'jen pteli tih hwa' shwoh, I have 'nothing inore to say. J&iMl^^ifM^ 't's'^ k'eh .lai tso' shih 'mo sH', at present what have you come to do ? LESSON 18. TAILOE. ■^'f'^ ^^ -T'aai .in-ag, a tailor. ^-^ 'Bien 'ts'i, button. T^pu'^'' ^^^ ■^E'' <^ ^^ 'jH "?" Yang' 'ts'i, pattern. ^ -^ .P'au 'ts'i, i/iicfe robe. ^ ^'' '^'^'^ i^ .Fung (e), a seam ; to sew. ^ i\ji Pei' 'sin, waisi coai. ^^ a^t^ ■d Tue. -j^ ^ Ta' .ni, woollen cloth. ^ _77 'Tsien ,tau, scissors, ^ve."^ €6' <^ ^» ,Sha, gauze. ^^ T'ang', to iron. ^'otC C^^XA-'' "^Kien', numeral for garments. ^^^ , Si sien', siZfc i/irea(i. az^ -**e >^' ^ % ^ 'Ma kwa', jacket. ^ 1?^ Mien sien', cotton thread ""-"^ ■'^'^ «^ 3.'^ 'Twan ,slian, sAorf coai.fjj -^ K'u 'tsi, trowsers. -^'^ ?*«' «Afc«, .|j» .Liang ,sin, conscience, -vet, 44^ v^t^Z^^l. y^ ^ 'Lau shih, honest. ^ ^ Tso' ,kwaii, he in office. ^tau> /Cue. lo^'^'-ci ^ fj 'P'in hing', conditct. ft f§ 'Tung teh, understand. T^y-Jfe^ ^ 1"*^ S >^ ,Twan jfang, upright. ^ -f' 'Lau 'tsi, father. ■t^''^'' !*<©. -ate tPc I^ jT'iau ,so, sow discard. ^^ 'Niang, mother. Ji^^ Ta^ »^^U ffl .Tsa .men * we. ^ 5^ .T'sai .lai, just come. *^^ <^ ^'.■^^'YC^itiM Mj P'eng' kien', to meet. -^ J^ 'Chang pei', superiors. ^>ite'/6<»c 4*»i, cCiHZ' Jtu ^ , Hwang .t'ang, false. /[g ^§ 'Li man', politeness. -<^ fruMk. **6- '-** ^ ;^ jSiang 'ii, mutually. H^ |3 .Ming peh, clear j know, pt^^tt^ ^^ ^it' Jl g Shang' tang', fall into^pj ^ 'T'sing tso', please sit T'/iiitf'Zi snares. doivn. " ta 4a^ ^ ^M ^i^' si°'> ^ow'-e Ze^fer. ^ :^ -P'ing pei', equals. 0-:^ -ha* ^uX bS fg^ Jen' teh, to Icnow. ^ f^ 'Tseu 'hau, step carefully, t^^i^'j^ ^e^/iiJy,^ '@v Sin'^h, news. ^ ^ 'Wan pei', inferiors. 'V-r^' lioA. A^ WL r^ iM. 10 yV puh jen' teh che' ko'. jen, I do not know this man. ■^^ ^ JL. S pnh 'you shang' tang', do not fall into a snare. "flE Jt J S it'a shang' 'liau tang', he is fallen into a snare. nP) ^ ?5 ia S 't'sing tso' tsai' che' 'li, please sit here. 1^ >^ ^ ^ I'li shi' 'chang pei', i/ott are superior, [inferiors. ^ fP I ^ -W ^ JT '"svo .men sh'i' 'wan pei' 'liau, we are your 58fP ■fH J!)3 ^ ^f" :^ ^ na' ko' .P'eng 'yeu puh 'lau shih, thut friend is not to be trusted. JlC ^ 09 0^ ,hwang .fang tih hwa', lying words. y& J ^ i® J 'l^-u 'ts'i .niang kwo' 'liau, his father and mother are no more. Pb IP f TM f^ 'tsa .men 'tung teh, we understand. ^ 'L^ -^ 5j -liang jsin puh 'hau, his conscience is at fault. Vu '^ ■v" /v 't'iau ,so pieh .jen, he sowed discord among others. Wi "W 'Is ^B 'l^e^ 'y®'^ '^^ man', he has very much politeness. i& S ^ B '*''* y^^' *'^°' jkwan, /le wishes to be a mandarin. — ■ 10 Fn /V ^ ^ yili ko' yung' .jen .t'sai .lai, a servant has just come. * 'Tsa .men, we, us, or toe and vow; owra and yours. 'Wo .men, we, ours. [ 17 J , LESSON 20. MESSAGES. ^^^^^cfr^-n^'-v"' ^^ mm, T'nr^gv^u', announce. t^/^- ^ ^^ c^i -ming msiimff card. m^ m,-, , / ■ ^ <^/ ^ „,^M^p i^ :^ Q ,„ , , 'W^VL -l- 1 wo, %n my name. t'C -riJ AN ^ ^^^ ^ 1p .Na sin', taU a letter. ffil +, t^- , 7 ' ' ' ^T", TT * -*-*Vlff 1p Tai' sm', carry a letter. iJfc iB T',-a. f , .^ ^^. 'Cv ■^NiHl^i TT . . , t?5fa ,1'iau .tan, carry lodds. f'^Je. ta> .^ g ,T'iau, fo carry, (with a yoke). ^ ^ 'Ta ,t'ing, inquire. U^rs. ^. f^,A. ^CU^- IS -T'ai, to carry, (of two -^ ^ Sin' kiih, ^fi«cr o^^ce. m^ ^ ^ . S E ^^""^ '°^^''' '''^' ''""' '^ '^ -^'^^ '™^' ^' '■"^^- '^'^' ^" ^/^ 1p ^ Sin' .c'liwen, letter hoat. p ^ ,Siang 'tsi, c/?.es<. ^ ^^ ^ /^^ IIT ^ ^^^ 'P^"^ ""^ ^^'"^^^^ )^ # 'Li wuh, jjrcsfiM!;. t^' -Z^^ai^C i' ^^ # si Sie' sie', !!/ia?j&. ^ ^f^ung^ numeral of letters. ^-^^ 32S /T "T* 'S' sung' p'ien' 'tsi cliii', take a card and present it. Ss w ^J i'w' -t sung' k'eh. tau' .c'kwen shang', e&cort the ^'i^'l!.''J!l'^"i Ito your home. ^ fe p) ^ S "S" tai' sin' tau' ^kia 'li c'Hii', take a letter ^ 1p Py ^ "& 'tseu sin' tih .na c'hii', the postman took it. [fij "f^ 'T* ^ .hwei sin' puh yau', no ansicer is wanted. Py Iffl ^WiWiWt wen' ,t'a ,ngan ,sie ,sie jt'a, as/c how he is and thank him. ^g — ' 'O yV jC'hai yih ko' .jen^ send a man. ' , ^ ^e ^ H jta ,t'ing. .ming peh, inquire fully. 59 fy^ By 13 ./@^ wen' 'ni tih sin' sih, ask news respecting!- you. o ^ Wi Wa ^ ^ kau' su, ,t'a tsieu' yau' .lai, tell Mm to come at once. P^ 'S 'Is %l 'liang ipau 'li wuh, two parcels containing presents. •S P3 ^ ^ ^ '^'^i ^^' "^^ •'''^^ jsiang, carry four tea chests. 'i^^*^,^%\\ sin' .c'hwen muh 'yeu tau', the letter hoat has not arrived. ^ — ' ^ 1^ supg' yih ,fung sin', take one letter. [ 18 ] ^^^^^ -Chi 'ma k'wai' k'wai' 'tseu, go quickly on horseback. [nounce it. ^ jH '^ M $R 'tseu tsin' c'liii' .t'ung pau', go in and an- Vd^^ ^ jt'iau ,tung ,si c'hii', carry these things on your shoulders. LESSON 21. MEASURES. •^■*^. yX ,Sheng, pint measure. /^Vih, 40 feet of cloth; apiece. "hitL TnA/'' yf, 'Mi, rice. i^ T'ang', column of characters. t^'' if* 'Teu, iere sheng. ^ Ku' , sentence. [hours. *'^^ ^^^f*^'^ f9" Mien' 'fen, flour. ^ ^ .SM heu', two Mnglish '^tuaA^ ^ Huh, flve teu. ^J K'eh, quarter of an hour. i/iie'?^ia4, /]"* ^ 'Siau meh (mai'), loAeaf. J^ Yu^h, a month. "Hovi, b3! jKang, large earthen water- jE ^ ,Gliengyueli, 1st month, ■di^^ i^ 'T'ung, a cash. [vessel, i^ '-^^^^ f^^u^ it''/4-%i,'^PS j]^ 'Yii 'shui, rain water. ^ Pu', 5 feet, (land measure). y6-lC^ i-C-'L^ ^ jK'ung, empty. Uiessel. W^ 'Meu, 240 square pu'. >?'V0^ VPt«<<^^ Xing', large earthen water- jjBj Kwo', to pass. /t*w /tivo^ ^ Ken', SMj^ciewL '^ B.ia.', to fall; let fall. t'O^ — '?r ^-^Ix f^ yili ,slieng 'mi puli keu' cliili, a pint of rice is not enough for him to eat. [water vessels. ^ m TO yK B^ 'i^ai 'Hang ko' 'shui ,kang, buy two large — • '^ B^ ■^ jih ko' .shi heu', owe Chinese hour. — ■ ^ -^ iSl yit kii' pull sliwoh, he did not utter a sentence. ^ — ' hI aa -^ ^yili J^ii' twa' puh keu', one sentence is not enough. M T ^ 1S B^ ■fl ^"^o' 'lis-u 'Hang ko' .sBi heu', a/fer four ^ iM — ■ 1® yM piih' man yih ko' yueh, 7iot afullmonth. ihours. pH -^ ^ jP§ si' cMli ,k'ung ,siang, four empty trunks. yp 5JS ffl JT V^^ kwo' si' ,kin, woi more than four catties. Zl W ffl + ^ — ^ hJI er' pell si shili pu' yih 'men, 240 square pu make one meu. p^ -p ^ — ' /B si' shiH cliih yih -^'ih, forty feet make one piece. -j-" Tf* — ' /\. shih t'sun' yih c'hih, ten inches one foot. -^ /^ — ' 5C shih c'hih yih chang', ten feet one chang [dcn/s. j^ ^ p^ ^ ,k'ung ,san 'Hang ,t'ien, at leisure for two or three ^ — ''Ito V© '^^ y^^ 't'ung 'tsieu, bring a cask of wine. [ 19 j IE /^ S '^ ^ jclieng yueh 'li puh ,k'uiig, not at leisure ^nthenrsUnontlu Icharacters. Ml m 3^ "?* 'sie 'Hang t'ang' tsi', write a few columns of ■ — ' ^J HZ 7^ yili k'eh ,kung ,fu, a quarter of an hour's worlc. P» J ^ ^ ^ lii^,' 'liau 'ii puh 'shau, a good deal of rain fell. ^^ ^ b3! ^ tsai' 'shui ,bang 'li, in the water tubs. ViS ^J — ' -H. ^ ^ 'man tau' yih c'h'ili ,to jkau, filled to more than afoot high . LESSON 22. WORSHIP. . ' -;4^ ^ Pai', to worship. Jl '^ Shang' ti', GocZ. ^^'^ ^'^ ^■a^'^10M. -Shen tau', gods (Tst). ^'^Yuhti', god of the Tauists. ^y^ '^^y ^■>^^ %^ ^ .Shen .ming, ditto. )||^Miau"yii, Tauist temples. Tn-ieC '*^ ***'<^ -^ Fuh, Buddha; Buddhas.rig^g^ ^ ,T'sien, bamboo divining rods. ^■^^*^ l^ ^^ ^ jfg_ Tsi' ,tsu, sacrifice to ances- ^ ^ .K'ieu ,t'sien, to divine. ^^ ^-^ ■u. 10 ^r Wi ^ ,sien 'yeu sfih luh ko' wai' kwoli . jen, at first there were sixteen foreigners. #^^±PS104^^A ten' .lai ,t'ien shang' 'Hang ko' ,chung kwoh. .jen, and afterwards two Chinese were added. ^^ 1W tt •^ ^ K'ii ft -^^ shang' chu' tsai' si' yuen 'li, Buddhist priests live in their monasteries. i^ W ^ ^ \. jsliau 'clii pai' 'si ,jen, hurn paper to worship thedead. [-^^,-^_ -^ P M Hv H$ 'f^ P^t ^^' '^ *^^ •^■'^^ ^^"^'j w/iera it does not WJ^JlJ^>}^M ,kwan 'fu sliang" miau' .k'iea 'ii, the mandarins visit the temples to pray for rain. LESSON 23. MAN. ««tjt c^>i^ ^ ^ Juh ,slien, the body. Hb ^ .Neng keu', can. •)VU« ^a^ «i»Y !>''^^ S ^ -^^^S -liwun, the soul. ^ '{^ Full hwoh, Zwe again, i;^ foA^ Ui^'^'HiU'f^ is 'Tung ■'yuen, eternal. i^5E Full ,slieng, Uve again, t^ <2^ te^tLiLie. ^tH ^)Slienge'huh.lai,6o7'?2. ^^ . Chang sheu', old age. oLI^TmI i' Xt^' ^ ^ .Weishan', to be virtuous. ^ ^ ,Slieng ping', to be sich_ «^^ '****t5 fi'B^ Sing' .ming, life. J^ ^ Shang' ,t'ien, ascend to ZCe' tie -fti^ ^ Kiau', to cause. ^honest. '(^ ^ 'Hwei 'kai, repent. i,.,^^/(e/ !Xm^ '■/w''.^ J? ,Chnngheu',/aii/i/'itZ««'^ /I6 1g ^Siang sin', believe. dit M^ /f'rt^'' # 'K'eng, willing. Il^ 'Tsung yau', ^ou. must, iii*^" (C 1^ :^^ S ^ juh ,shen 'tsung yau' 'si, the body must die. 5 ^ ^ ^ -ling .hwun puh 'si, the soul does not dde. ^ ^IxK JS. liwoh tau' 'yung 'yuen, live forever. . [ 21 ] /V \j\ ISl kX -^ •j^i'^ c'huli shi 'i heu', men from their en- trance into the world and after. ■^ ^, -^ §f- .t'siuen shi' 'yeu tsui', all have sin. yc Jf -^ '^ */^ 'si 'liau heu' f uh hwolij R pjy tsui' shi' .Ye ,su shuh tih, sin is atoned for >V H ffl "^ P*^^ 'k'eng jsiang sin', not willing to believe. jtr yv jQ yC 'hau .jen shang' ,t'ien, good men ascend to heaven. ^5 ^ 'T' ^^ ping' i' pu-h .lai, the disease cannot be cured. LESSON 24. TIME. •^1^ 77rU^ V^ ^ .Ming jt'ien, to-morrow. '^. .Chang, constant. 'Zi^ Cl^^ t'l^ ^ 5^ Heu' ,t'ien, day after do. ^ Yeu', another ; again. ■^><<*-^ S!<*o^ ^'^ B^ ^ Tsoh jt'ien, yesterday. %\\ "^ Tau' kwo', having gone, 'toi^^**' ■o^ ■y*'^ ft ^ Cheu' ye', day and night. ^ ^ 'Ki hwei', /low often ? t^'^'^uma^ W' ^Ao' itb^ "^'si heu', henceforth. ^^ .Lai .nien, we** year. <^ n-iHOL '*j^f^'' Z., ^ B^ 'Yea .shi, sometimes. — ■ ^ Yih t'si', once. 'VCuA. *^ iuujL av*^ — ■ ^ ^i'^ hwei', once. jRH -^ . Ju 'kin, ai -present, ^i ^A^sn^ j^t^ P^ Keh (chieh), to separate. jx. ^J Lih k'eh, at once. ' A^eA. l^eA. iCo.-' 2.M^ ^ 'Kai jih, another day. ^ "^ .T'sung .t'sien, f or merly.yfft^ 7J^ ^Z^^v ll Tsai, a^aw. [-^o obtain. ^ A 'Ku .jen, awciewi men.^^<^^ yu>L. 7tt£K, l^t^ .Nan teh, seldom; hard !ftjj ,C'hu, for the first time. ^'/.tto lie, Xot^ ^ .T'sien jih, day before "^ ^ ,Sien ta.n', first come, -^ie- 't^ yesterday. \_yesterday he did not come. "fifii ^ ~^^^ j*'^ .t'sien jih 'tsi puh .lai, the day before • ■^ 'j' ^ ^ c'hii' 'liau 'ki hwei', how many times has he gone ? # to % M 1® ^'Ira .t'sung .t'sien 'yeu che' ko' shi' .t'sing, formerly there happened this circumstance. [^^ saying. •^ ^ ^ — "^ fj 'ku .jen 'yeu yih kii' hwa', the ancients have P^ ^ ^ ~r tso^ ,t'ien 'si 'liau, ?ie died yesterday. Jtb ^J ii^^ ^ &^ '*'^'^ ^'®^ •<^'^®'^ *^^'^' *^^®^' *^^' '^'^ present silks and satins are cheap. ^ ^ 6^ m t^ ^ -^ .wei shan' tih .nan teh k'an' kien', the virtuous are seldom to be met iJjith. ^0 ^|| IP ^ fg^ ftg, ,c'hu tau' 'na 'li jen' teh ,t'a, on first arrival how could I know him ? [ 22 1 . i ^ fn yti^i 'w^o -■men jsien tau'^ we arrived first. \ again. HP ^ ^ ^ J tsoh jt'ien yeu' .lai 'liau, yesterday he came ^n "PC Hy .c'hang tso' tih, he constantly does it, {other day. y^ — ' ^ — ' ^ keh yih jili c'hii' yih hwei', go once every LESSON 25. STRENGTH AND SKILL. ow«i?(i^ ^ ^ jT'sung .ming, intelligent. "^ ^ 'Wli i', military arts, vm- 7y<« *^ '^Wg^ ^ .Neng kan', ^ower. "^^ 'Sheu i', handicraft, du^ **?*** e ■y\fiin^-^ gg .T'sai ineng, ability. "^J^ 'Sheu twan/, dexterity. ^UC y^Ci-e^ ■"-^■■^ W^ Hwei'j can (acquired power). ^ ^^ 'K'i i', ingenious arts. ^^^ nnie^ -vA/W HE -Neng, caw (natural power). ^^ -Ling -lung, clever. oi^ %^ r''o'&^^ W|M 'K^o i'j you may. ^^ ^f' Keh wa,i', extraordinary. ^aJi /v^Hi' ■^C^-ini ^ ^ .Ling 'c'liiau, ingenious. :ff] ^ .Hi .k% wonderful. ,a^ 4)(m, »JLt^ -^ M Pii^ -^i^g; inefficacious. ^ $■ 'Pen sM', (s'i), ability. **«/-/z* 'S'/r^ ^ ^ ^ ;T'ing puh Men', iM^ C'hi' lib, strength. C'ii> U^ '^^^ .jlpTiot hear. |-„p^ ;^g^^_ -^ |;jj ,Ngai pen', stupid. tvpuAClaeL "^f^ l§ ^ ^ .T'ing puh .iai, I can- ^ 'Kwan, to manage. 0/iiiie/' o'teltLt^ ^^^K'an'tehkien'j/camsee. |^ ^ Jwan joh, /eebZe. ?«7 ?^ jFang ,cliwen, square ^^^^'[Jl-i ,\d, foundation. uA. ^^ >z.^' ^ 'Wa, &Mrn-iiZes. f^ .T'iau, numeral of- lengths M<^ 7-vijA^ "^J^ -Ni, mud; mortar. %|| ^ .Heng .Hang, cro&& beams. <^'nx. -u^ '<£ njui'Zct JtS K L£.Ni 'wa tsiang', mason. ^ j^ SHh jhwei, Kme. ^i^ X.*.^ C^ .£^<»-^ -S T^ Shih tsoh, stone-mason. ^IS ^'^ -^i jt^"j trowel. i-mi^ tot. a, Z-^H-w* r^ /^ ,San .t'seng, three stories. ^£ .Liang, io measure. ' -^^ ^C-^ :j^.K'iau, hridge. ■^M.G'hang'twan, long; short. ^■^ 'V-t^^ ^K'ung', arch. "^ ^ ,K'wa,n tseh, broad; nar- ^<^*^'^ ^6^ ^^.V'ai. lexi,ornamentalarch.'^.S'hen, deep. 1^'°"-'- ^^^ '.&" ^mnn, ^^ Kai' .fang, to build a ^ '^,Sh.ang .liaug, to consider ■^ ^ "t^ S }^ -na .ni ,tau ,to 'pai skill ,liwei, take the trowel and put on plenty of lime. •j^^^ — ■ 5^ ^. .heng .liang .c'hang yih chang' pan', the cross beams are fifteen feet long. ^ ^ R^ — •J^'Mi ;k'wan tseh ('chai) 'ma yih c'hih ,k'wan, as to width let them be a foot wide. [24 ] LESSON 27. STUDY. '^^ ^>%i ^ W Tuh ,shu, to study. •pfi^' .5JS 'Pen, numeral of books. J] -J- jFang tsi', square letters. fi>-^ ^ nm ^ ^.., , -^ -, -, ' . ^ .P n Si' jshuj i^owr boohs, a^- O'Iaa^ Pih meh, pews awci ink. i ^^ 'Wa ,kingj Five classics. -H^^alu^ ^L j^^Hiau' ,king, Book of filial hov^ uLav. - \character classic. m^^^'San tsi' ,king, Three ofi-itU^ /J> g^ 'Siau sTiwoli, novels. Mu^'/iluiU. ^ ^ 'Ki kiuen', /low man?/ tld'^c^kut- chapters ? Pi ^jK'aikiuen', o;je» a hook. /ff'A tLi^ ,To k'an', read muck. ^ A3J' Tih cTiu', benefit. ^itbU^&L't Kiau' jsliu, teach. ^^ c-*^ ' .Hien ,slin, light books. '»^ y^>f^ ^ ■^'huiie^'%.^ .Wen meh, style. ^'U^t'tuCW '^ jT'sing 'c'hu, clear. ivt^ t^u' ^ ^ .Wen 'li, book style. H\v^1m£ 3c ^ .Wen jcliang, essays. '■94\, daJi 1^ ^ Fah tab, rise in life. >t^' ^j^ jYa, elegant, 'fi^ /^ ffl 31 Yung' jkung, 6e diligent ao 'i\, m\ ^ jT'eu hien', waste time e^^d^'M'^ 'I^an to', lazy. 'Ca/Mu^J^^ g9) 'Kiai shwoh, explanation. ,1^ f^ ^ y^ Chu' 'kiai, commentary, 'l^ £4a^^ ^ ^^^"^^^> '^'^PO^^"'^*- j^ '^6, also. Iman. *^ -^ >^ ^m. w ^'^ piih shi' tuh ,shu .jen, 'he is not a literary ^ I Pf iii 1^ 3^ yung' ,kung 'k'o 'i fah tah, if you are diligent you will rise in life. ^ ^ jgg ^ B^ ^ ^ ,shu 'li tih hwa' kiau' .wen 'li, phrases used in books are called wen-li. ^J ^ ^ ^" >®^^ J^^' '*° k'an', fcoofcs mMsi be much read. ^^ ;^ ^ ^4 ^- tsai' 'lau jkia kiau' ,shu, he keeps school at his own home. ^-^^ ^li^'W:^'^ ,shu puh ,to k'an' muh 'yeu yih c'hu', if you do not read much it will be of no use. "^C H KM ^5 ,sien tuh si' ,shu, ^rsi study the Four Books. ■^ ^ ^ 3l J^ heu' .lai k'an' 'wu ,king, and afterwards read the Five classics. ^ ^^ /]^ ^^ ^^ }tf ^' .hien ,shu 'siau shwoh puh 'hau k'an', light literature and novels are not good to read. WL ^y^ ^ "?* ki^ii' jSiau .hai tsi', ^n teaching boys. ■^T- ^S p^ jj -J- ,sien yau' yung' jfang tsi', you must first use square characters, written on squares of red paper. i^2J!C^^^ che' 'pen ,shu 'ki kiuen', how many chapters does this book contain ? n^ [25 J -a* W "^ X ^ put liwei' tso' .wen ,cliang, he cannot write 4ff -M. "^ Est iVf ^ [iwporiawi 6ooJ. Ua :S ;K ^ By Wye shi' yau' 'kin tih ,sliu, this is also an LESSON 28. ANCESTORS. "m -Ye, father. ^ :^ Tsang' .mai, bury. ^W" tt-z^ -zVt' M :^ 'Tsu fu', grand-father. A i Juh 't'u, enter the ground. 2,*^ ^-.i (fW ?W!.' ■^ IB. 'Tseng 'tsu, great ditto. ^ fg .Wang ki', forget, r^^g^i vtnL cl^ e X,^*" g Jl Tsai' ^^n^', farther hack. ^ |)^ .Chien .c'heng, reveren- O^uie. ZUt ^ efci/" g M ,Kan 'tsu, ancestor of Uh fl?, S Chau'ying', tale care of. Ai^ ca^ c -ii^m^,'Ken'^en,root. [%»'«''• § 'Sau, sweep. Itemple. '"-^^ '■iter 'a -^ 1^ T^.C'huen hia', deliver down, fp) ^ .T'si .fang, ancestral .. . J^ .T'si .t'ang, ancestral Z, -i3i^ t<>«i ?2;^^ ^ "T* Hiau' 'tsi, /ZmZ soji. -^^ ^ .Ming tsi', ?iame. "^^ ^ "HJ^ %% IP.Kwankwoh, coffin Sr case. ^ S Tsai' .t'i, mention again, is^ ,dC i«*^ #■ ^ Tso' .fen, make a grave, fg. ^ 'Tsu ,tsung, ancestors. ti^^tL^ - M.:^>^'TR^ 'tsu jtsung shi' ,ken 'pen, ancestors are the root from which men come. A^^^ffi^.'l^l^^l^ .jen .t'siuen sM' 'tsu ,tsung c'hwen hia' .lai tih, men all spring from the stock of their ancestors. ^ JUS. ^ ^J .^n. fvl tsi' 'tsu ,tsung tan' ,san tai', sacrifice to ancestors to the third generation. ^ # M :^ -t :$t m m.^m^ ^^' 'mu, 'tsu fu', ,tseng 'fu, 'kau 'tsu, tsi' tih ,to, parents, grandfather, great grand- father, and great great grand-father are sacrificed to by many. A^ W^ TW 1?H puh tso' jkwan kwoh, he did not make a coffin and case. -^ >E ^ i" puh shi' hiau' 'tsi, he is not a filial son. 1. ^ Hy ^ -^ shang' pei' tih .ming tsi', the names of elders {in the ancestorial line). [tioned. ^ ^ W fl- ^3 puh 'k'o 'i tsai' .t'i, should not be again mert- W^ ^r By ^R) S. sing' 'li tih .t'si .fang, ancestral temple of the Li family. _^ [fiowers? Pll5 — • ^ ^ ^ ^ 'na yih yang' tih ,hwa 't'sau, which sort of ^^'i^^_t49i5[S V^^ .t'sung ,keu 'pen shang' ,sheQg c'huh .lai, is not produced front, a root.. [26] LESSON 29. SERVANTS. ■iue ■'JA-t^ i^ ^ jSiang ,pang, assisL ^ ^ Tung' cTii', io he angry. 4W %• ■««2^ ^*.& ^ ^ 'Shii hwan', to employ. W^ '^ ,Tan wu', injiirt/ by delay, to, y^ ckiL-li^'^'^ C'hih 'pauj eai enough. ^^^,Ku .niang, g-irZ; ?/0Mwgr ^ m^ rt^'^ a^' ^M Ngo' 'si, stori;e. ^^ ^ Puh teh, must not. U ^ ^ T'sai' fan', vegetables ^ ^ -y*,K'an .fang 'tsi, f aAre -^b'^w^ arwi rice. care of a house. ^^^ 4^^ .^^^ -^ j^ 'Sheng kien', economical. JIjC'w >Sheu sheh, gather up. ^yUc L^i>.^ 1^ .Qi'\xv!i, industrious. /f^^ |^,Ken,pan tih, ser»ffl«i./iW^^^ ^ 'tZ'^ ^ ^ -T'si 'cteng, orderly. ■'^ i|j» .Lieu ,sin, a^jp/y ^Ae mind. Icu. o^x^ ■Hiie. TC -Wan, finished. V^^ ]§ Chau'ying', take care of. olUiiOM ^ ® W S ^ 5^ jtung ,si ,tu yau' ,kan tsing', everything must he clean. IIS^fi^A^J^ — W 'sM li"<^an' tih .jen puh 'sLau yih peh, the number of servants employed is not less than a hundred. 31 y% Jx- "H W^ TC 'kung ,fu muli 'yea tso' .wan, the work is not yet done. Pl^ i® ''J'* ^ W W "T* 'liang ko' 'siau ,si ,k'an ,fang 'tsi, two waiting boys kept the house. ^ ^ }^ >lj* ,kia 'chu 'hau ,sin, the master is well disposed. ^^ iS y^?> ® "fffii iPI ciau' ying' chau' ying' ,t'a .men, take «^ °{J^^- \to he fromn. A^ Wi 'Wi <^ Su puh kiau' ,t'a tung' 'si, he will not allow them is ^ ^ Ita PK ^ 'y^ V^ kiau' ,t'a ngo' 'si, nor to he starved. i^ -^ fe iii ^ '^i P'^l'- t^h p'ien' 'wo, you must not cheat me. ]^ S ^ "H ^Li* jtung ,si put .lieu ,sin, you do not take care of things. i^ 5^ B$ '^ _t j^ puh tsai' .shi heu' shang' tso', you do not do things at the proper time. r^w neglect. "J ^ ^ ,tan wu' 'liau ,tung ,kia, you injure your master ^ ^ 'tsung yau' .t'si 'cheng, {they) must be put in order. J 27 ] LESSON 30. TRADE. 2S !,T' fT' ''^'''"'- MS-^'''"" ■'' '^'"P- Ihouse. m^>^'^^^g'o'hn, distinct. ^ ^ .C'ha chan', tea ware- sfffl ff Si' swan', carefully count, ft Kwei', counter. g^l^ Swan' Chang', ca/cMfo^e.-^lgj^ ,Tang kwei' tih, pg ^jK'ai tien', open a shop. shopman. ^ if 'Hwo ki', assistant. >^ 4^ Shih 'pen, lose capital. ■H" ?*^ 'Ten c'heng', measures W "iit.T'aajkwang, beg favour. and weights. ;/L A ^ 'Kieu pah .yin, ^ ^ 'Pen .t'sien, capital. Shanghai sycee.* ^J ^ Li' .t'sien, interest. 7il| ^ 'Ma .t'eu, port ; jetty. ^ 'M -P'an fei', expenses. "/^ ^ 'Hai ,kwan, custom house. ■^ ^ jKung .p'ing, yiisi. ^ ^ .Wan shui', ^ay custom. -T" ST P"^ t'^i^ '^o^ agree. ^ § Shu' muh, numbers. W^ R -^ 3^ shu' muh puh tui', the numbers do not agree. W^ ff ^^Wi Cheng' tih ,kin 'Hang puh tui', the weight in catties and ounces does not agree. ^- Ttf -T* m swan' teh puh jt'sing, it is not clearly calculate^. §9 /£ St /@» -^ ^ .k'ai tien' ,sheng i' puh ta', when he opened shop, his trade was small. S tK hv B^ B^ IJC jta-iig kwei' tih shwoh ,t'au ,kwang, the shopman said, may I beg custom. jg "^ HL ^ jTL /V ^ .hwan ,t'a er' wan' 'kieu pah .yin, pay him twenty thousand Shanghai taels. 5^ "W ^4^ ^§ muh 'yeu 'pen. .t'sien, he has no capital. 5W S ^ ^1 ^ .c'heng 'li .c'ha chan' ,to, the tea ware-houses in the city are numerous. [honest. W »T ^ i^ K '^0 ^i' V^^ '^^^ shih, iAe assistants are dis ■ LESSON 31. WAR. ^ ~r* jPing jting, soldier. ^ l^-^u .c'hia\i,floating bridge. ^ i:^ ,Kwan ,ping, ditto. ^ B^.Ngan .min,^fl!ci/y^eojofe. t"^ ^ Teh sheng', conquer. ^ ^fi]* .T'eu .ho, leap into a river. * Literally, silver at two per cent discount. Kieu pah means ninety eight in a hundred. 128 ] ^ f .Ying 'liau, won. ^ ^ .T'eu 'tsing, leaiD into a $gij ,Sliu, defeated. M A 'Si ,slii, corpses. [^^Zi. fy '^ 'Ta change to fight. ^ ^ Tui' Vn, ranh and file. ^ ^ Pai' chang', de/eaf . ^ ^,Kwei 'kii, orderly conduct g ^ .Wei k'wun', fcesiegre. :^ "^ .Mai fuh, ambush. ■fi :^ 'Ling ,ping, ?ra(? soMjers. ^ "^ Hau' 't'ung, trumpet. j^ ^ Fang' 'hwo, sef on fire. ^ H K'an' ,keng, keep watch. ^ \ 'Lu .jen, seise men. P ^ 'K'eu hau', watchword. '^ ^ ,La .jen, t^rap' aM-fl?/ mie«. ^ ^ P'au' .t'ai, lattery. ^ 'Sheu, fo fceej,. [pZ„„^er. M ^^ ^ang' p'au', //"e cannon. i^ ^ 'T'siang toh, rob and [the city. ^ ;^ -ij* ^ ,kwan ,ping ''sheu .c'heng, mandarin soldiers keep •JT T — ■ 10 M ^ 'ta 'liau yih ko' pai' cliang', they fought an unsuccessful battle. "A^ m W ^ V^^ iiwei' tell sheng', they cannot conquer. tu PR ^ ^ 4 .t'sien 'Hang ,t'i6n .ying 'liau, two days since they gained a victory. '^^A*^Wi -c'lieng .t'siang puh ,kien ku', the city wall is not strong. ^^j^^ ^vers. J§ /V "K J i^i -^^T^ -jen .t'eu 'liau .to, the men leaped into ISC yv -K J 7r '^ii -jen -t'eu 'liau 'tsing, the women threw themselves into the wells. i^ lS 5JSl "S* tso' .f u .c'hian kwo' c'hii', they made a float- ing bridge to pass by. [^g captives. ^>^-/V^By yau' 'lu .jen c'hii' tih, they carry away men •^ tJ* I^ '^ puh 'sheu tui' 'wu, they do not keep rank. ■fP J m -^ :^ 'ling 'liau ,san wan' ,ping, he marched at the head of thirty thousand soldiers. A^ OT tg ^ puh 'hii 't'siang toh, robbery is forbidden. "^ 1^ 6^ P ^ ,kin ye' tih 'k'eu hau', the pass-word for to-night. LESSON 32. SURGERY. :^ ^ .Mingjsheng, reputation. ^^^hQ'AieYig'fioic-shoticound. ■^ ^ .Ming ,i, famed surgeon. ^^U '1^^ tsien', cross-bow ^^B.uh.]a.n, unexpectedly. «^''o^- [vegetable.) * ''"'I Han' .c'hau, Ean dynasty j^fiM .Wu .t'eu, {name of a [29 1 ^ |J^ .Hwa .t'o, (a noted sur- ^ ^ Tuh yoh, poison. ^ Pi', arm. [S'^o"'-) 3^ ^ Ta' .p'en, large hasin. IJJ^ ^ Chang' .fang, ietii. r„;.^_ ^ J^ Tsi^h hiueh, receive blood. # W .Shen pi', stretch out the ^ ^ P'a' t'ung, /ear ^Jaw. ^ .T'eng, pain. ^l] ^ Koli ,k'ai, cut open. ^^~^'T'anhia.', bare the shoulder-^ |^ .p ^ — 1® A ^ »• ff huh .jan yih ko' .jen .lai kau, su', at an unexpected moment, there came a man to say. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ J .ming ,i .hwa .t'o .t'sai .lai ^liau, the celebrated surgeon Hwa-to had just arrived. hR Wi *S IR^ W ^ 't'sing ,t'a tsin' chang' .fang .lai, he was invited to enter the tent. Wl R '^ '^ SM ^ ,shang 'li 'yen ,-wu .t'eu yohj in the wound there was a vegetable poison called 'Wu-t'eu, — li! ?0J *P* SI i5 ft yih chih tau' kuh .t'eu na' 'li, straight into the hone. yf* -^ -^ ^ pnh shi' 'tsaa ,i, if not cured early. aa, i® W ot n /t3 che' ko' pi' muh 'yeu yung', the arm would he of no use. ^' ft '^ y] 'sheu 'li .na tau', in his hand he held a Tcnife. A^^WJIiST^J^ ta' -P'en tsai' pi' 'ti hia^ tsieh hiu^h, a large hasin under the arm to catch blood. ^ ^ -f' 'f^ •^ jKwan ,fu 'tsi ,shen 'sheu, the god of war held out his arm. ^3 ~f* -3?^ ^^ 'fan hia' ,i fuh, and bared his shoulder of clothing. B4 ^ 1^ ^ij §1 kiau' .Hwa .t'o koh ,k'ai, for Ewa-to to cut it open. — . §^ '^>\^ 5il yi^ 'tisn puh p'a' t'ung' (.t'eng), he did not in the least fear pain. * Pei is the sign of tlie passiye. [30 1 ■ 327J [M] *i*MJ:^!j*^M > ,tau hiang' kuli .t'eu shang' kwah c'hii' tuh c'hi', he took the knife and approach- ing the hone scratched away the poison. #iSjB^^i^^5^ Heu' .lai 'pa .p'i juh .fang 'c'hi ,lai, afterwards the skin and flesh were sewn up. [much. ^ y^ ^ y^ ^ jKwan ,f a 'tsi ta' siau'j, Kwan fu tsi laughed jr v ja/v nn ^i-f 0C &C \M] ^a sh.woli shwok .hien Kwa', and talked on ordinary subjects. LESSON 33. THE WELL. j^ Tso', numeral of wells, houses, clocks, hills, graves, &c. TT 3^ 'Tsing ,pien, side oftceir'^ ^^ ,Siamg .lieA, connected. ^ ^ 'Tsing 'shui, well water. ^ ^ ,T'ien jeh, hot weather. yZ yx jT'ien 'tsva^,square court. JJ^ Jl 'Wan shang', at evening. ^ Kung', common. ^ ^ Kiueh,k'ai,c?«jrojoe«. r/^g^_ ^ 55C .Hien 'shui, salt water. ^ ^ Tiau' 't'ung hanging buc- |^^.T'ung,hiaDg,sa!mew7/ff()'e. 5p,^3i ■^'^ .sheng, hempen rope. =^ -f" Tseh 'tsi, homestead. "^ ^ ,Shen 't'ien, deep shalloio. ^ ^f£ jKiau, hwa, water floivers. ^fe ;^ ,T'iau 'shui, carry water. EB ^ .T'ien ti', cultivated land. ^ J^'C'Ta 'shui, iafce wp water. ^ ;^ Tiau' 'shui, raise water. ^ ;^ ,C'he 'shui,pMmp water. ^^WC^yr^k •P'iHg fang' tsai' 'tsing 'li, place the hottle in the well. 1^1 9PP x\ TT Ha yx .t'ung ,hiang kung' 'tsing tih .jen, men of the same village and a common well. SW/ Jl ^ 'ff TT ^ wan' shang' tso' tsai' 'tsing ,pien, at night they s_^ by t^'^ell. ^ -^ ^ ^^.^^^^ ^^^^_ TT ;5T^ 'W ^ iw 'tsing 'shui 'yen ,sie .hien, the water in the well ^^Mi T*-^ tiau' 't'ung fang' hia' c'hii', let down the bucket. ^ ^ By v/\ 'ta 'shui tih .jen, the water bearer. •j^fe ;^ HI ** jt'iau 'shui .hwei c'hu', carry the water hack. '^^^^ 'yau 'Chi 'shui .lai, take up water with ladle. "^^■^ .nieu 'c'he 'shui, the bullock pumped water. ^^^^ 'tsing kiu^h ,k'ai .lai, the well was dug. J^mM^^'^^ yuiig' -ma .sheng tiau' 'c'hi 't'ung lai draw up water with a rope. ^^.n ^j ^ „iachine. 7p By -t ?S^ ^ '^^^^S tih shang' .pien 'yeu ,c'he, above the [31 ] LESSON 34. DINNER. j^ .Br, terminal particle placed after most nouns in the northern dialect. ■yl 'f^Pien' fan', ordinary meal, -f^- ^W Tsai' hoh, drinle again. ^ 31^ Puh kwo', only (initial) . ^ iR T'si' fan', grant me rice. ^ J Pa' 'liau, only (final) . Wl W -C'hu .fang, kitchen. j^ -T'ing, wait. ^'^ ,Ki jt'&ng, fowl broth. — ■ W Yili hwei', a /?Yt-iig> inquire for me about it. ^^^ T — '^ '^o 'chau .siiin 'lian yili k'Wai', I have found a piece. ^ 3;^ 1^ ^ PJ tsai' ta' jkiai .nan mien', on ihe south side of the great street. j^ — ' 10 ^S" J? A 'oh.a,u yih ko' ,chttng heu' .jen, find rite an honest man. [writer. Ir "fifc "feif 'Hi ^ 't'sing ,t'a tso' tai' pih, imiite him to be the t34] 'f^^fi^lA^^f^ tai' pih tih .jen 'sie .wen yob, the writer will write the deed of sale. i^j^W /^^iii'T^i tso' jchung .jen 'k'o 'i, you can be the middle man. Pw "F IhI i9l 5^ 'liang Ma' showh shpwh .ming pelt, apeak clearly on hath sides. ^ ^0^ pfy ^ J\ tnai' ti' till 'chu .jen, the proprietor ivho sells the land. \not ? "W ^ 3^ 'W §S^ 'y®^ .t'sien muli 'yeu .t'sien, has he money or "ra S W J 'ysu kieu' .fang 'tsi, there is an old house. 3^ ^ % _ll .hwan tsai' ti' shang', still on the ground. aa.1®7^^^'OT J *^'^^' ^o' 'tsung yau' t'seh (.c'hai) 'liau, this must be pulled down. [land Jffl ^ k3 SA =P ti' 'yeu si' 'meu pan', there are 4f moio of -— T PS ^ "^ — 'HA er' shili 'Uang .yin 'tsi yiH 'meu, twenty taels a mow. M^ — ^^^MM -liwan 'yeu yih k'wai' ti' tsai' ,hiang 'li, there is a piece of land in the country. ^ W y^ ^ jij H^ -lin she' .jen ,kia 'hau tih, the neighhowfa are good. r W J^ ^ shih tiau' ta' .t'Sien, ten strings of large cash. ™ ^ ^ j£ ^ ^ 'pa pa' ,kung .liang .liang.k'an', measure it with the rod. •H W P9 + ^ ""'SX er' peh si' shili ,kung yih 'meu, 240 pum(^e a mow. j-^^^j^^ „ ^^^^-_ — ' ^ to 'H' — ^ yi^ V^' 'ye kiau' yih ,kurig, a pu is also S. )\. — ^ 'wu c'hih yih pu', five feet make one pu. MM^h^-\^^Wt^ B^l^ 7 "fi^ 'lau 'hu 'i ,kmg .Men 'liau ,t'* k'ii, a tiger has already taken him, away in his mouth. ^^^^imMM^'^ ye' 'li muh 'yeu t'eu t'sieh jtung ,si tih, at ndght there is no one to steal. ^^>^ ^Wi ^ P'a' 'ISin 'hu puh 'kan .lai, fearing tigers they dare not come. LESSOISr 39. ELEPHANTS. ^ ^ 'Ye siang', wild elephant, j^ 1^ Pang' p'au', fire guns, f^ ^ Peh siting',, white do. gpj Wo', hungry ; to starve. ^ -f" Fah 'tsi, method. ^ |@ 'Tien .feii, to nod the -(^^Kung' yih, service. ^<^- [36 ] ^ KiuSh, to dig. ^ .Sie, inclined j crooked. ^ iS >^'^ sih, spread mats. ^ CWa., to push away. ^ jtj Kai' 'hau, cover over. ^ ;^ , Chung jshen, whole life. ^ ^m "^^ •■^°j ^^*^ 9ongs. I7C -T'o, carrj/ on. 6acA;. ^ 'Kan, drive. H^ ^ Puh shi', to serve. ^ ^ 'Ta 'ku, heat drums. |^ Wei', to feed. 1® W'W©^ jsi .nan 'yeu 'ye siang', in the south west there are wild elephants. TjJ :Mil /v m J^ "T* 'psn ti' .jen yung' fall 'tsi, the natives use methods. ^^^^W^^ 'yeii jt'a .men tso' kung' yih, to tempt them to become serviceable. M^^^f^'^MM tiueh ti' ,k'eng ,p'u sili 'tsi kai' they dig a pit and cover it well with mats. ^ >yB l^ it ^ _t tsai' ,kia .ni 't'u tsai'' shang', they also place earth wpon the mats, ^ ^ ^:Nil'^ 6^ 'hau siang' .p'ing ti' si' tih, so that it is like the level ground ; ^r ^x 10 yv 'tau 'ki peh ko' .jen, several hundred men. ^ IS ^ M ^ 1^ 'ta .lo 'ta 'ku fang' p'au', heat gongs and drums, and fire guns. M^^_^^Wti^~f^ 'kan siang' 'tseu kwo' hien' ,t'a hia' c'hu', the;/ drive the elephant past and cause him, to fall in. :5*Wh Strti 1^ ,slien 't'i chung' jk'eng ,slien, he is heavy in body, and the pit is deep. ^^ He flj ^K P^^ -neng c'huli-.lai, he cannot come out. Wt BW ilQ 3^ ^ tsieu' wo' ,t'a 'ki .t'ien^ they then keep him without food for several days. ^K yH W "nil heu' .lai wen' ,t'a, afterwards they ask him. j^'^^'^^'W tso' kung' yili 'k'eng puh 'k'eng, if he is willing or not to do service. ^ Wt m> S® siang' tsieu' 'tien .t'eu, the elephant nods his head. *i :^ M Itt # ^ db ti' >t'eng mien' .t'sien c'Mh c'hii' 't'u, in front of the pit they remove the earth. Pi — '^^1^ ,k'ai yili .t^iau .sie lu', open an inclined path. ^ ^ $f ^ _h kih siang' 'hau 'tseu shang', so that the elephant can walk out. [37] ' ffiR J BS yili |tien 'liau .t'eu, if he once nods his head. ^ 3* S -fli^ ^^ yv jchung jslieii yau' fuh ahli' .jen, he will serve man all his life. 3§. yu A^ !^ cii' 'si puh pien', till death never changing. 'liE'lra !^ j^ m sing' .t'sing tsui' sin' sMh, his disposition is very faithful. "1® ^ HE Ia yi^ ko' siang' .neng .t'o, one elephant can carry. "T" ft w — vL jt'sien jking p'au' yih wei', a canon weighing a thousand founds. ^ ^ ^fi S§ siang' puh 'tien .t'eu, if the elephant does not nod his head. -^ ^ ItSi !i| ^ puh kiau' ,t'a c'huh ,lai, they do not let him come out. Fw -^^ Py 1^ 'liang ,san .hwei wen' ,t% they ask him two or three times. ^R yBiHi 'W Hy ^^' 'si 'ye 'yen tih, some are starved to death. wM ^ Im SM 'tsung puh 'tien .t'eu, any how they will not nod their heads. LESSON 39. SILVER MINES. ^ 5^ Ti ai' .lai, to hring. p^ ^ Nui' ti', China proper. ^^S .Yin 'kung, silver-ore "i^^ Han' .c'hau, Han dy- mine. [duties. nasty. i\)C^i jSheu shui', receive ^ ^ T'eh i', purposely. ^J M\ Li' sih, profit, [harder. -^ "T jPing .tingj soldiers. ^ ^1* ,Pien wai', beyond the 5c ^ ,Kiau ,fung, join battle. ^ San', to disperse. Sg) 'C'hien, to send. ^P ,Kwan 'k'eu, border ^"^ 'Mien tien', Birmah. custom home. ^'^ ,'Ngan.na.n,Cochin-China. Jl [IjShang' ,shan, go up a MIL J^ -y 'C'hang ,ting, depot ser- ^^ 'Chang, large yard or depot. vants or miners. ^ -f- 'Ki shih, several tens. ^ 2» 'Tsau 'i, long since. ^ ^ U1 ^ "?■ ^'S , Chung kwoh c'huh .yin 'tsi .ni, does China produce silver ? \ha:d silver. 2jS ^ 'W ^ ■?" 6^ 'P®° -^^^ 'y^^ -y^^ '*^^ *^^' oWgrwaiZy ii ^■4^ ^^!|^%|^ .ju ,kin nui' ti' muh 'yeu tih, now there is none in this country. [38] ■^ ^ jil 6t ^ !^ 'yeu .yin 'kung till ti' .fang, flaces that have silver. ■T" 2( S^ -51 ^ J 'tsau 'i ,tu 'fc'sii tsin' 'liau, it has long since been taken all away. |§^^^^^ 'Mien tien' tsai' .lai 'yeu tih, some is brought from Birmah. ^m^~^'\^'^ jNgan .nan .yin 'tsi 'ye 'yeu, in, Cochin- china there is also silver. e^ SB By B^ ^ Han' .cTiau till .shi heu', in the time of the Han dynasty. ^^'t&'^ffPI^M ,Ngan .nan 'ye tsai' , Chung kwoli 'li mien', Gochin-china also was a part of China. 1^ ^ ■W :^ lij ^ 'Mien tien' 'yeu 'Ta ,slian 'cliang, in Birmah there is the ^a-shan silver-mine. •^ W ^^ J^ ?* r *s^i' .Tiin .nan ,pien wai', outside the border of Yun-nan. ^ TO ^ ^ M wt .N'gan .nan 'yeu Sung' ,sing ^c'hang, in Gochin-china is the Sung sing silver-mine. •pE ^ @5 JS ^Y ^^^i' 'Kwang ,si ,pien wai', beyond the border of Kwang-si. #lUtt4CPJ^i§^tr1^ .t'sung .t'sien 'pen kwoh 'U 'Mien ,tien 'ta chang', formerly our country went to. war with Birmah. P^ ® ^ 1^ ^ ^ 'liang mien' ,ping 'ma ,kiau ,fung, the two armies of soldiers and horses met in battle. 1^ ~J" 2» ^ wL J 'c'liang ,ting 'i ,king san' 'liaa, the miners were all scattered. )^^ \. ^ ^ ^ T" ^^^ 'y^^ -js^ c'hii' yau' .yin 'tsi, no one went to seek silver. #^^JLLW)iS^»t$:|fe teu' .lai shfeh lili ,kwan 'fu ,slieu sliui', afteripards they appointed officers to collect duties. ^M^MiM/^ *'eli i' 'kwan che' ko' sH', they attend specially to this matter. ±4lj^P^^6^^^ shang' ,slian c^u' 't'sai 'kung 'li tih .yin 'tsi, they went up the hill to seek for it in the mines. # ^ :5fc^ >i ^ P ^ ^ pill ting' .sien yau^kwp' ,kwan 'k'eu .wan sKui'j they must first pass the etistom house ami pay the duty. [39] LESSON 40. WATER. \(^ \^G'h:ih.kwa,n', eat habifually.. ^^ .Wei 'yeu, only. ^tS C'hai kwan', send ha- -^ y^ .C'ha,jxg 'kieu, long time. ■^ ^ 'Lau ,fa, I. Ibitually. ^ ^ 'Lia^g ya^g.^ different. ^ Suh (siea'), to pass the night. ^ ^ .P'eng yeu', friends. ut r^ 'Si 'lien, wash the face. ^^Vm >Kiau kwan', to water. ^^ .U, small howl. ^ 1*5 ,Kan ,k'u, withered. '^ '^ .Cheng jt'sing, to cleanse. |p| ,Kien, socia. ^ "^ .Yen seh ('shai), colour. gH ^ ,Kien c'hi', soda vapour. ^ ^ CTii' wei', taste. i ^ 'T'u c'hi', exhalations. ■^ iflS Ta' kai', the most part. Bffi Shai', to dry in the sun. ^ JM ^ 5f '^"^ ^^^' >^^^ 'paa, an inestimable treaswre. S. ^t n ^ '^^ ^^^ P®^ 'kwo, <7ie _/i«e kinds of grain and the hundred fruits. 'shui tsui' 'shau shih tsai' .wu kia' ,ch'i 'pan, water in Kan- suh is very scarce and is indeed of priceless value, ^ 5^ H ti —1® M A ^IJ K J'H 'lau ,fa ,c'hai ,kwan yih ko' yung' .jen tau' .Lan ,cheu, I used to send a messenger regularly to Lan-cheu. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^. J^ ye' 'li suh tsai' k'eh tien', in the night he slept at a lodging house. ^ — ^:^'^^ikW. 'yeu yih .11 'shui sung' k'eh 'si 'lien, a small basin of water was given to the lodgers to wash their faces. ^ i9^ T 3i ^ "^ J^ ^ T ;!fC'si 'hau 'liau 'lien puh 'k'o 'i ,tieu 'liau 'shui, after washing their faces the water must not be thrown away. j;S^}2;|C'^'^7lfffltien' ,kia 'pa 'shui .Cheng jt'sing 'liau tsai' yung', the landlord cleansed the water to be used again. 7fC^I&l^l^^'4^iC 'shui puh ,t'ung .lieu tih tsieu' kiau' 'si 'shui, water that does not flow is called dead wattr. B#'f^:M^^'^lS^-sl'^ lieu' .c'hang 'kieu .yen seh yau' pien', after a long time the colou/r changes. M^ii^iJf^WJSMl^ c'hi' wei' 'ye puh 'hau puh 'k'o 'i hohj it smells bad and is not good to dfrvnk. £40] y^ W^ ^ yv jia w Hv ts-' tai' ti' .fang che' yang' tih, in most places it is so. '\^^'^'^^^^^'^ .wei 'yeu ,Kan suli puli sH' che' yang' tih, only in Kan-suh it is different. .c'liang 'kieu 'shui teh 'liau 't'u c'hi' tsieu' ,t'sing 'hau hoh teh, after a long time the water, through the influence of the soil becomes clear and may he drunk. ^^MM^^MW^ Vo 'yen .p'eng yen' tsai' .Ning-hia' tso' -jk-wan, I have a friend who was a magistrate at Ning-hia. 'Wi O Wt ^v 1^'^ kau' su' 'wo, he informed me. ■y' ^ 4" A .>^ bIT M irt ^ .Kan suli 'sheng c'liu' cTiu' .neng hia' 'ii .t'sai 'hau, everywhere in Kan-suh province if rain fall it is well. Wt :S ^ 5 Pl^ 'W- Bv tsieu' shi' .Mng Ha' 'liang yang' tih, only at Ning-hia it is different. ^ "iH ^ ^ r* ^ pih tan' puh yau' hia' 'ii, not only do they not desire it to rain. ffO ^IH S r^ j^ -^^ 't'sie p'a' yau' hia' 'ii, they even fear that it should rain ; ^^MM^^MM 'J^^ -^^^ ?lie' ko' ti' ,to ,kien c'hi', because here there is much soda in the soil. m±^Bmmiwt^mm±if 'u fai' .to jih .t'eu shai' 'liau tsieu' 'yeu ,kien c'hi' shang' ,sheng, if there is much rain, then when the sun shines the vapour of the soda ascends. «5fi:#*mS-#^^l5g^t'i ,siang kin', kan' choh ,siang siueh yih yang' ,hwa 't'sau ,tu yau' ,kan ,k'u, seen near it looks like snow, and the flowers and grass wither. ^ ]^ -^^^-f M ifii ^^ ^li» ± 'so 'i yih .nien puh hia' 'ii 'ye puh tsai' ,sin shang', therefore if for a year it does not rain, it matters little. ^MJS ffl?^S^-Nii»g tia' tan' .t'ien 'mi tsui' ,to, at Ning-hai rice is grown in the flelds in great quantity . '^^%^i^)%M. >n k'au' .Hwang .ho 'shui ,kiau kwan', it relies on the Yellow river alone for watering. •^^M%Wk^,^^^^^^'^ 's^"i ^^^^^ -^i 'yii tsai' ti' ti' tsieu' .fei tih 'heu, the water is muddy and the mud silts on the land which is very fertile. [41 J tih ti' 'wu kuh peh 'kwo ,tu sM' fah wang' tih, in the parts reached hy the water, the grain and fruits are abundant. ^io^^^'pE-t puh pit ,kiau fea' tsai' shang', it does not need to he manured. 'shui jshau .wei ,t'sing yih 'tien tsieu fang' ,t'a .hwei c'hii, when the water in the fields has become clearer it is allowed to return. LESSON 41. COALS AT PEKING. ^g ^Kien'jtn, establish a capital- ^ ^§Tsau' .t'eu, cooking range. ^ yi^.Clieng.o'lii, wallSr moat. jtX ,C'hui, to cook. ^ @.0'liau .t'ing, the court.'^^ 'ChUj to boil. [pieces. 5^ llg'Shui lu'j canals Sf rivers. ^ ^ jC'hiau sui', break in ^ ^ Han' lu'j roads. jjf^ fP ,Hwei yin', chalk mark. ^ ^.C'hai ,sin, wood for fuel, ^p ^ Pan' .wen, half a cash. — ■ ^ Yih h-iang', one kind of. gy § Ki' chung', the amount. ^ J^Puh tsuli, not enough. ^ ^ Fen' 'liang, weight. "W ^'^^'^ •^' superabundance. ^^ /^^Pu tsuh, make upadeficit. «^Slil5^^BM— "f ^$lM|a .Ohung kwoh kien' ,tu tsai' Peh ,king yih ,t'sien ,to .nien 'i ,t'sien, China had its capital at Peking more than a thousand years ago. H — ^^^|9|^B#^ .t'eu yih t'si' tsai' .Liau .c'hau tih .shi heu', first in the time of the liau dynasty jking ,tu tih .c'heng .c'hi ,kung tien' .c'han .t'ing miau' 'ii ,hwa .yuen ,tu shi' .-wan .t'siuen, in the capital, the walls and moat, halls, palace, temples and gardens are all complete. yl:^^^MftT^^i ^shui In' han' lu' lih tai' hai' .lai 'yen 'liau, there have been canals and roads through successive generations till now. ^^^\iM%^^M^'j^ 'yeu ju t'ung ,t'ien ,8heng tih 'hail c'hii', there are also natural advantages seeming hke the gift of heaven. J^b^^^i^^^;^® 'pi ,fang-c'hai , sin yih hiang' jtung ' ,si, for example, there is for one thing a supply of wood for fuel. [42 ] fSlU^UiMM^MM: ,^^ .shan tih c'huh 'cTian 'li 'yeu'hau .mei, among the productions of the western mountains there is good coal. it? 11^ iS ^ 6^ ^ M 'tau tso' ,sliau 'hwo till kung' yung', it is serviceable for burning. :$C:^6>lif'^l^'T'5^fi' 'lau tih hwa' .c'liwen .lieu Ma' .lai, in the words of old men coming down by tradition. ^ ^ ^ 6^ ® lU 1^ jsliau puh tsin' tih ,si ,sliaTi .mei, the coal of the western mountains cannot be burned out. SK^^M^ K — %^ — % cMh sM' ,king 'li till •jen yih ,t'ien jto yili ,t'ien, but the inhabitants of the capital I grow daily more numerous. MM^'M^^^:k — %^ — % tsau' .t'eu shang' jC'lnii 'chu yung' tih 'hwo yih ,t'ien ,to yih ,t'ien7 the cooking and boiling in the kitchens increase daily.- ^ 1^ — • p ^ — ' o .mei kia' yih jih kwei' yih jih, the price of coal is daily higher. mm n jpm±n-!^twM m~^mm __ fj' "j" __ p^ .mei jC'hiau sui' 'liau 'mei k'wai' shaiig' ta' yih ,hwei yin' mai' .t'sien ,san .wen ki' chung' er' ,kin shih er' 'liang, the coal was broken in pieces, on each piece a chalk mark was made; it was sold for three cash, and weighed two catties and twelve ounces. Hr hien' tsai' kia' .t'sien yih yang' yih k'wai, tih fen' 'liang puh kwo' yih ,kin ,to yih tien, at present the price is the same, hut the weight of one piece is not much'more than a catty. It .^ -^ ^ M 1^ ^M M CMh li' 'aheng Hwoh luh hien' 'yeu .mei 'c'hang, in the province of Chih-le, there are coal depots at the district of Hwoh-luh. i^ M ^ M A^ S^ M -H ,king puh kwo' luh peh 'li, it is distant from the capital only two hundred miles. miUX-^MM.'^'^^^'^BW^ ,si„shafi puh tsuh Hwoh luh tih 'yeu .ii 'k'o 'i 'pu tsuh, the western mountains if deficient can he supplemented from the add/itional supply at Hwoh-luh. [43 ] LESSON 42. JUNK NAVIGATION. ■^ ^ 'fxf .T'ing puh teh, you must not stop. ^ A^ )ffll 'Tseu puh kwo', you cannot or do not pass, W Pg iRT j.Sin ,k'ai .ho, newly opened canal. Pw 1^ 1^ 'Liang kii' h6, two river branches. y^ P "X* 'Lau 'k'eii 'tsi, old mouth of the river. >^ TO TC affl Pi' ik'ai' t'sien kob, ^o pass by and avoid shallows. ^K ^t ii*^ •^'il'- 'pau sha, name of a sand bank. ^ lEJMuli .man, wooden anchor. ^ ^ T'ieh .maa, «>ow anchor. >5^^ jFang P'an, marmer's^H'^ 'SHeu .wei a little, compass. •;$ ^ ^ ± y$ W Vf P ^ ii * 'hal .c'liweii .t'sung Shang' 'hai .Hwang p'u' 'k'eu ngan' ,k'ai c'hii', a sea junk sets sail from the banks of the Hwang-pu at Shanghai. mMn 5:+ a m ^ ?t P a # tiang- ,tung .Mng 'wu shih. 'li c'huh .Wu ,sung'k'eu .juh .yang, going eastward it travels for fifty K passing out of the Wit-sung river mouth. MmiM,m'&^m^m^^Wim .wn ^u fuh 'pau jslia 'tseu tau' .T'suug .ming tih ,Sin ,k'ai .ho, winding round the Fuh-pau hank, it sails to 8in-k'ai-ho in T'sung-ming. ^tt — W— ^+M bung' ki' yih peh yih shih 'li, it numbers in all one hundred and ten li. ^ -t: + S. ^J + it ^ ^ ft >¥ yeu' t'sih shih 'li tau' Shih hiau' tsieu' shi' nui' .yang, there are seventy more li to SMh-hiau, which is' in the inner ocean. ^ ^ pf Jj^ -(^ Jigf che' 'K 'k'o 'i .t'ing .c'hwen, here you can stop the junk. Jit ^ -tfc iS^ ^ # Hi Mi 1^ V^ 't'si ti' 'ye 'hau 'teng heu' shun' jfeng fang' .yang, here also you will do well to wait for a fair wind to go to sea. ^ f^ ^ ;^ ^J "^ LU yen' hiang' ,tung 'tseu tau' She' ,shan, again going eastward you proceed to Bhe-shan island. at \h -£>^^ "Sf ^ 'tt 6J che' ,shan shang' muh /yeu peh sing' chu' tih, on this island there are no persons residing. Jl&l^^^'^B^T'iS -c'hwen .t'ing puh teh ,pHih .neng hia' .mau, ih,6 vessel cannot stop here, it is impossible to c(fjst anchor. [44 ] m'^\^'^^iKn'^i:^UmmM ohe' .er Hang' ,tnug c'huh ta' .yang 'wang pei (peh) 'shaa .wei ,p'ieii ,tung, from this spot going eastward vessels go out to sea and proceed north and a little to the eastward. .Hwang .ho 'lau 'k'eu 'tsi 'shau .wei hiang' .nan 'yeu 'wu .t'iau ,sha 'keng, a little to the south of the old mouth of the Yellow river there are five sand banks. MMMMiW^^^^WlM^' ^^o^ Mj^g ,feng 'tsung yau' jsiang lii' 't'sien koh, should you meet with an east wind, you must be looking out against shallows and grounding. Wt. la >^ P§ ^ jtai ,tang pi' ,k'ai .lai, you should avoid them. i^^tL^^^ 't'ung ,kwei ,kiang .nan ti' kiai', it all belongs to the territory of Kiang-nan. f^^M^Mj'^\^ yang' jfang .p'an ting' kien' ,fang hiang', use the compass to fix your cowrse. Wk^ MM^-^M^ hwan' ,fang liiang'_ ,p'ien ,tung yih. ko' tsi', change your course and go one point more to the eastward. !li'^M>Klffi«I?)SM^iS.lan .ni yang' muh .mau, ying' .ni yung' t'ieh .man, with a soft bottom use the wooden anchor, and with a hard bottom the iron one. LESSON 43. FURS. JM ^ 1^ Yiin' .lai tih, imported. ^^6^ Ipeli 'k'eu wai' .Meng 'ku ti' jfang .lai tih, they come from beyond the northern barrier, from the land of Mongols, r 45 1 tS.mrc^^^%}%!^W^ ohe' ko' .p'au 'tsi shi' .hu su' .p'l tso' tih, this Long coat is made of the fur from foxe^ throats. A + ^iMM^-iif ^ pat shih ko' ,liwei 'shu .p'i tso' tih, made of eighty squirrels' shins. ^M^^^M~'M -P'i 'H till ,hiue .t'eu ylh ,sliwang, a pair of skin, lined half boots. ^^MW^^_ -lang .p'i 'iiau tso' 'ma kwa', wolf shin can he made into jachets. fl^ti.K 6^;^fS^c]iia' .t'sien 'ting kwei' till sM' jtiau .p4, the highest in price is sable. fSi^i^|i^>5:^^/l^gg + Pi ,tiau .p'i tw 'tsi chia' .t'sien puh ta' pull 'siau si' shih 'Hang, a sable coat costs forty taels more or less. M'M&M^^^ che' ko' .p'i 'hau puli tiau' .man, this fur is good, the hair will not fall off. ^M^^'^^^M tso' kwo' ,i .shang tih .p'i puh 'mai, skins that have been made into clothes I do not buy. T S ^ i^ ^ fl^ ^ ill S ^ % ilia' 'u ,t'ien .p'i ,i fuh sheu' .c'hau yaa' tiau' .mauj in time of rain fur clothes become damp and the hair will fall off. BmM^M^:^^m&Mi\^l_ Cheng' Che' 'hau jt'ien c'hi' ,tsiang .p'i ^i fuh Hang' Hang' ,sheu 'liau, taking advantage of this good weather give your fur clothes an airing and put them away. ^JL^M^^^^ k'ang' shang' ,p'u choh .yang .p'i juh^ upon the brick couch was spread a goat-shin rug. ^f^M^^^'M. ti' tia' jsheng choh fan' 'hwo lu', below he had lighted a charcoal fire. LESSON 44. IMPORTED FOREIGN MANUFACTURES. ^ ^ 'U .mau, camlets. pf ^ -Sie .wen striped. P^ 1^ Pih 'chi, long ells. TJlC "E 'Pen seh, unbleached. ^ 7^ 'ItJ jHwa .yang pu', chintz; printed cottons. 2|S "Q 7^ 'fn 'Pen seh .yang pu', grey shirtings. Jp @ 7^ "flj ,P'iau peh .yang pu', white shirtings. JJ^ ?S 'flj Kwei' ,hwa pu', spotted stuffs. [46 ] ^r!x! lu -Sle .wen pu', American drills. 'ft ]^ -flj ,Hwa .c'hi pu', domestics. J^ ,P'iau peh, hleaehed. ^ pg ,T'ien jt'sing, purple. ^ "^jTafli 'tsi, a statement, ^%^ — '/E"f"5E^ 'ii .mau 'mei yih p'ih shih-^wu ^liang, one piece of camlet costs fifteen taels. ^ P3 PT ^ 'W 'W jt'ien ,t'sing pih. 'clii 'ma kwa', a jacket of purple long ells. ^ -^ -^f^^^ f^ ^ ,Hwa .yang pu' 'bau 'mai puh 'hau 'mai, can printed cottons be bought or not ? ^U^T^^ii et^^^'ii^Ag 'pen seh .yang pu' ,p'iau peh .yang pu' .t'siuen muh 'yeu .jen yau', both for grey shirtings and vh.ite there is no demand. '^WM'^Wi^^'^^ chan' .fang 'li ,liwa .cTii p'u jchwang tih ,to, in the warehouse there are stowed domestics in large quantities. 0r ^ nJ 'Wi -^ j^ -^'e ■'wen pu' 'ye puh 'shau, of drills there is also no small quantity. "W ^ M ^ ^ '^ "flj 'yen k'eh ,shang yau' ,liwa .yang pu', there are dealers who want printed cottons. tih kwei, ,hwa .yang pu' muh 'yeu .yen seh tih tsieu' 'yen, there are no white spotted cotton cloths, but there are coloured ones. ^^ h\li^^P^ -yang pu' 'pi .t's^ng ,sien tsien', foreign cottons are cheaper than before. jIfc^J^:fc^^i%^I^K Vsi k'eh puh t'ai' .p'ing k'eh jshang puh 'kan 'mai, at present times are not peaceful, and dealers dare not buy. # fli ^ T y$ ')^ W % ^ fi^ -yang pu' sheu' 'liau 'hai .c'hau 'yeu .man ping' bib, cottons that imbibed sea damp are damaged, # ffi fe =^ lu 11 '- ^ K'au', to rely on ; lean. ,g|f 1^ Loh .t'o, camel. Jp ffi K'au',si, lying in the west. |g 3^ Tu' ,kin, gild a surface. ^ jK'weij helmet. •ffif ^ .Miau ,kin, gild figures. ^ Ohiah, coat of mail. l^;^'Sa,kin, gild in spots. ;?!l'C 0H 'Shui,tsing, j-oc/c-«-ysM. ^ .Mien, so/i{; coWow. .wang tih .nien. 'ki 'jqvl c'huh .tning tih jtsai siang' .ming kiau' ,1 'yin, in the time of T'ang-wang there was a celebrated minister of state called I-yin. ^^#fiiSS^6^^^ ting' kien' koli kwoli tsin' kung' tih. jkwei 'chii, he fixed the regulations for the presents brought from, various countries. MW^Wi&tfyUf-^'dkM ,tung mien' 'yen .ii .p'i tih k'u' 'tsi .ho k'wai' kien', from the east were brought fish- shin trowsers and sharp swords. 1^ ^.^ H ^.^.^ ^^ 4^ ^ Ban ,pien kung' ,chu 'fcsij siang' .ya jSi .nieu kioh, from the north were brought pearls, elephants' tusks, and rhinoceros' horn. A^jK^t J k'au' ,si mien' tih tsin' kung' yung' 'hung liih .yen seh, .nieu .mau .c'hi 'tsi, .lung kioh .ho ta' ,kwei 'tsi, those on the west brought as tribute red and green dyes, buffalo-hair streamers, dragon horns, and large tortoises. ^B '^ PI ^ M fi^ .1^ 1(2 ^ S .^ peh ,pien kwoh ,tu kung' tih loh .t'o .ho peh. 'ma, the northern, nations presented camels and white horses. ^^^W^^W.:^^BWiW Ming .c'hau Jih 'pen kwoli tsin' kung' ,k'wei chiah, yau' ,tau, tu' ,chin till .p'ing ,feng, 'sa ,chin 'sheu , siang, .miau ,chin pih hiah, 'shni jtsing shu' ,chu, in the Ming dynasty, Japan sent as tribute, helmets and coats of mail, belt knives, gili embossed screens, hand boxes spotted with gilt, pencil homes painted with gold, and crystal beads for numbering prayers. [48] , J ttj a ^Ift m 6 mK O'hau ,sien c'huh peh .miea .c'heu, c'huh peh .miea 'chi, Corea produces soft white silk, and soft white paper. ^ — ^MM^'i^^ '^^ 'San .nien tsin' kung' Vu skih p'ih, of horses there are fifty presented in three years. LESSON 46 THE EMPBEOE'S SEAL. J^ "^ 'I .t'sien, lefore. >^ tI" ,Fang t'sun' ,square inch. J^ ^ 'I heu', after. ^ 'f' ,T'ieii 'tsi, son of heaven. S 'Si, government seal. ' 2^ ^ .Siiin .c'hang, common. En Yin', mandarin's seal. ^ , Cheng, to name. [acter. [gj ^ .T'u ,shu, common seal. ^ 3C Chwen' .wen, seaZ c^ar- ^ ,Feng, confer a title. ^ ^ P'eng' chien', io meet.' 1^ .Heng, horizontal. ^g Shu', upright. -y*5|

^ fi^ ifc ^ .c'hau tai' yung' ta' tih 'ye 'yeu, there are also dynasties that have used large ones. m ^ M.^.5^ % f— 1i A tl^MM T'sin 'Shi .hwang 'i .lai ,t'ien ,ts'i yih ko' .jen tih ,c'heng 'si, from the time of Tsin-sM-hwang till now the word si is applied only to the seal of the son of heaven. ,kwan 'fu 'so yung' tih kiau' yin', .siiin .c'hang .jen 'so yung' tih kiau' .t'u ,sha, those used hy mandarins are called yin, official seals, and those of the common people t'u shu, common seals. M'f'fi^tf Bi^ MR Ml^. hwang ti' tih .hing 'si ,feng kwoh ,tu yang' tih, that called " emperor's trateUing seal" is employed in conferring royal titles. M.^^^MM^:^^^'^ .hwang ti' tih sin' 'si shi' fah ,ping yung' tih, "the faithful seal" is used in dispatching an army. [49] ^JiM'i'^f^Bl^fflBSft^ff ptili sM' .Hwang ti' puh 'hii yung' yiihtsb' .i'M jslilii eottepi ike Emperor no one is allowed to use a seal of^jade. mien' 'yeu k'eh tih tsi' sheu' jt'ien ,ohi ming' .hwang ti' sheu' jC'iiang, upon it are engr'd'veid the words, receiving the decree of heaven, the emperor enjoys old age and prosperity. ^W\M^^^M^MMiC^oh .c'hau k'eh tih .wen koh yafig' it'siuen sh'i' chwen' .wen, each dynasty uses its peculiar insi^ription, all are in the seal character. ^mm¥m4i^^w^m:\^}^± ,T'ien v^ si' .nien tih .shi heu' tsai' , Chang iho peh ngan' shang', in the Mh year of T'ien-c'hi, oA ike liorih battle of the Chang rMer. yih ko' chung' .t'ien tih .jen cheng' tsai' ,keng .t'ien p'eng, kien' 'liau yiih 'si, an agricultural labourer as he was ■^ ploughing fell in with a jade seal.^ S't^S ail^^^^lniB' puh 'kan tsi' 'chi .t'sang choh .na c'hii' sung' 'kei 'pen',kwan, he did not dare hide , it, but took it to the maAdarin of the place and presented it to hint. B'^^Wt-^^^mn-i-'M. ^' Ms tit yang', 'tsi .heng tih shu' si' tih t'sun' ,k'wan, it was square in its form and was four inches wide abroad and across. Vdn^ f^po tenths. J5 ~~ t]" ^ ^heu' yih t'sun' er' ,fen, it was in thickness an inch ±to%flfti^#IIfl^ sliang' mien' 'yen .lung .t'eu kiau' tso' .c'hi .king 'nieu, on its upper surface was a drd^oii shaped handle, called the crooTted dragon button. l^llS^^ — ■^•/V^ .c'hi .lung 'nieu ,kau yih t'sun' pah ,fen, the crooked dragon button was one inch and eight tenths in height. fia^ 'ting yau' 'chin tih shi' .o'hwen kwoh yiih 'si .t'sung .T'sin 'shi .hwang .c'hau tai' chih .c'hwen tau' .ju _,chin, the most irnportant is the seal transmitting the empire, which from the reign of the emperor Tsin-sKi-hwang has been preserved till the present time. M^S^JB#ll^S^^I&ffM't-twa"gti' ,pin jt'ien pa' .c'hwen kwoh yiih 'si tsieu' .c'hwen kih .sin .hwang ti', the emperor when dying {when departing for heaven) takes the seal of hereditary government g,nd gives it to the new emperor. [ 50 j LESSON 47. GRATITUDE, AN ANECDOTE. ^.W^ jTsau nan', fall into i\^m Shen .lien, to retain. misfortune. [fering. j^ ^ ,Kwan tsioh, government flSl H^ ,T'oh nan', escape suf- offices. f^ ^ ,T'ui 'kei, to give away. — ^ Yih kung', the iwKole. ^ ^ Peng" sBi', to serve. ^ _Jl .Hwang shang", emperor. Kj) Pp .Lang jCliung, member ^ ^ .C'heng jen', to ac- of a hocCrd. knowledge. ^^ Pau' .ngen, be grateful. ^^ ^ Pih ting', certainly. ^P TK ^ 5S J ^ 'Li ta' liang' ,tsau 'liau nan', Li-ta-Uang fell into misfortune. m^^ — MM:^^Mffym,ChB.ng pih yihko' .p'eng 'yeu cliieu' ,t'a tih. nan', Chang^ih a friend rescued him from trouble. ^ ^ Ix J ra W teu' .lat fat 'Kalu fu' kwei', afterwards he became rich tflid great. ^ _t 7§ -^ ^ ?r5 tan' shang' u' cliien' ,Cbaing pih, on the road he met Ohang-pih. ^^ Wi '^ ^ 3^ M ctoh ,t'a tih 'sheu k'uh, he seized him by the hand and wept. — -^ fit ^.^ ^ 1^ In li yit . t'sieh tih ,ctia .t'sai .t'siuen ,t'ai kih ,t'a, the whole of his property he gave over to him. ■fffij !^ 3 JK m /^'^ V^ 'k'eng ,sheu .liauy he would not receive it. Jtl||^^M*^l^ shang' .c'hau shwoh kit .twalig ti' ,t'ing, going to court he related his story to the emperor. shwoh tau' .c'hen .ju ,kin femg,' shi' .hwang shang' ,tu shii' ,.Ghang pih tih lih liang', he sadd that your subjeet can at present serve the emperor is all due to the efforts of Ghang^pih ^m^U^'^W—^^^ t'sing yueH' 'pa' .c'hen tih ,kwan tsioh yih kung' kih ,t'a, J desire that all tnf e teu. ['^«'^- 5^ ,Sheng, one pint. ^ 'Teu, ten pints. ^temely. [P] ^ .Hwei tab, ^o repZj/- T ^ t^ 'Liau puh teh, ex- ^IQ^.Ii^^te.i^fel^ Sung' .cliau 'yeu ko' 'tsai siang' sing' I'an' tih, in the Sung dynasty there was a prime minister of the Fan family. 1^ ^ It^ ^ IE -(^ Si' fat kiau' .Wen cheng' ,kung, in his posthumous title he is styled the polished and correct noble of the first degree. tJ'1^mf^%-f'%^\MJ\\^ 'ta fall ,t'a tih .er 'tsi tau' ,Su jcheu c'hii', he sent his son to Sucheu. W 3^ ^ K iBJ ^ ,tsiang meh .o'hwen ,Ia .hwei .lai, to bring back some boat loads of wheat. ^t ^^ tT ^ t'si' ye' tsai' ,Tan .yang, he passed the night at Tan-yang. 'lau , siang 'hau 'ii fu' ,t'sin .t'ung .nien tih, he saw an old friend, of the same year with his father. m^M^P. AMI mUZ-nWWi Bhwoh ,chia 'li ,san 'k'eu .jen 'si 'liau ,kwan .t'sai puh .neng .no tuDg' who said that three. pexsori,s of his family had died, and he had not yet been able to remove their coffins. ^"^f in ^J ^B ^ ■^ tsang^ 'h^u 'liau .hwei tau' peh pien' c'hii', after they teere buried, he loould return to the north. ^ ^ ^ -^ In #1 ife muh 'yeu fah 'tsi kih ,t'a pan', he had no means of doing any thing for him. ^E ^\ ^ '^cj' .wu 'k'o 'nai .ho, there was nothing he could do. [52 3 Fan' jkiing 'ts'i tsieu' 'pa meh .c'hwen shang' tai- .lai tih meli 'tsi suBg' 'liau ,t'a, the young gentleman Fan then took the wheat on the boats and gave it him. ^ ^ -^ i W ^ l^™g' 'tsung 'yeu 'wu peh liuli, in all there were five hundred measures. .hwei .lai ,t'a 'lau 'tsi wen' ' ,t'a chien' kwo' 'liau shih 'mo .p'eng 'yen muh 'yeu, on returning his father ashed him if he had seen any friends or not ? J ^:^ in yv ny jt'a kau' su' ,t'a 'Ian 'tsi tsai' jTan .yang ii' chien' 'liau yih ko' ,cliia ,cliung 'si 'liau ,san 'k'eu .jen tih, he told his father that at Tan-yang he had met one who had had three -persons of his family die. ' 6^ ^ -y* ^ 'ftft >t'a 'lau 'tsi ,t'ii]g chien' ,t'a shwoli tsieu' we n' jt'a wei' shih. 'mo puL. 'pa .c'hwen shang' tiji meh 'tsi ,paDg ,t'a, his father hearing what he said, at onoe asked him why he did not give hirri the wheat in the boats to assist him. ,t'a .hwei tah shwoh 'wo'i ,ching 'pa .c'hwen. shang' tih meh 'tsi sung' 'liau ,t'a,, he replied I have ul/ready presented him with the wheat on the boats. M^^mn.j^w^'^iz-n ,t'a 'ku 'tsi ,t'ing chien' 'liau 'hi ,hwan tih 'liau puh teh, his father an hearing it was extremely pleased. LESSON 49. SELF-CONTROL, AN ANECDOTE. H ■& .t'sung .t'sien 'yeu ko' 'tsai siang' sing' Han ,tih * 'si 'liau heu' ,feng ,t'a tso' 'liau .Wei .kwoh ,kung, formerly there was a prime minister whose family name was Han; after his death he was honoured with the title Wei kwoh kung, i. e. noble of the first rank of the kingdom of Wei. M^M^M-^M^'M'H >^'^ >chia 'li ,sheu .choh ,yih ko' yiih' 'tsieu ,pei, in his house he had a jade-stone wine-cup. * From this lesson onwards the Peking sonnds are given for words in jnh Bheng, but the distinguishing h final used for all words in thid tone-class is retained. [ 53 ] W :S ^ 1M •^ M >clien shi' .wu chia' ,clii 'pau, it was indeed an invaluable treasure. t'si' 't'sing k'eh 'yin 'tsiea .pih yau' .na ,c'huh .lai ,koh tsai' .sih shang', every time he invited guests to drink wine it was constantly brought out to place on the table. M :S:lli 'Cl^ ^.ftd ^ffi tsui' shi' ,t'a ,sia ngai' ,tih .tung ,si, it was a thing exceedingly valued. ^P — ^.it J® T A If. 7 ^.^ffl ^ na' yih' ,t'ien chiau' 'ti hia' .jen .sliwaih' 'liau ko' si' sui', one day by a ser- vant it was thrown down and broken into small pieces. .jen Mall' ,tih 'lien shang' jtu 'kai 'liau .^en 'sheiA, the servant was so frightened that his face quite lost its colour. ^ :iPb % T ^ SI 59, M •/§ € =S Ji H. kwei' tsai' ti' Kid,' jk'oli .t'eu wen' jkai chi' ,i'a, shed' 'mo tsui', he knelt down and knocked his head on the ground asking what puriish- ment should be adjudged him, Wi^^^M — 1^ -^ei -H^o^ MP^S hiang' ,t'a ,yih .t'siau, the c%ief rioble of the Wei' kingdom glaniOe^ g/t him. ^'^^'ftfi^o-fflliS; put' ,hwang puh .mang. ,tih kau' su' ,t'a ,shwoh, without haste or agitatiop, he spoke to^ him as folloios : — ,yih ting' ,tih c'hi' shu', every thing no matter what, whether it is to be preserved or broJcen has a fixed, destiriy ; ^JSl"^,^ — ^:^^ k'wang?. 't's^e 'ni .shi ,yih .shi ,shih 'sheu, and more than this you hq,ve for once let it fall. M.f^^MM%^^^* ping' ,fei ku' i' ,tih yam' .tsa p'o' ,t'a, it certdinly is rtot that 'you wilfully desired to, break it. — ' ^ jshwoh jChoh 'lien shang' ping' .muh 'yeu yih' 'tien 'nau nu' ^tih i' ,si .ho .sii^n .c'h&,ng .yih yang', as he spoke on his countenance there was not any appearance of anger, it looked the same as it ordinarily did. ^S#^1ii5^^^iS^ -lien .tseh pei' .tseh pei' ,tu, ' ,puh jen' ,tih, as to, reproving, he could not bear to repraye. [54] LESSON 50. INTEGRITY, AN ANECDOTE, nieu' ,shu .jen 'yea .yih ko' chiau' ,S'i 'ma ^wen ,kung, among the literary men of China is one called S'i-^ma Wen-kung, or the gentle nohle of the Si-ma family. MM'^^M^Wi tsai' ,cliia 'li 'yea 'liau .yih ko' ,hwa .yuen wei' ,tih shi' tsi 'chi .king loli' tsai' na' 'li tsiea' chiaa .tub loh' .yuen, at his residence he huilt a flower garden, and hecause he himself took recreation there he called it the garden of solitary pleasure. ^li^ia^^A^B^Slt 'yei ko' k'an' .yuan 'tsi ,tih jjen. .ming chiau' 'Ld .cMh, there was a gardener there of the Lufdrmily, called Straight-forward. \fy ,yia wei' ,t*a sing' 'tsi .ii 'lu tso' ,c'hali ski' ,lai .puh itwei' ,wan ,wan 'ckwen 'ckwen ,tih, hecause his disposition was simple and rude, and he could not do things in a crooked manner. uy^m^Mmi-mm.^m^^. .wen. ,kung tsieu' 'keih ,t'a 'c'ki 'Ijau .yih ko' .chih tsi ,tih .ming tsi', Wen-kung on this account chose for him the character Chih as his name, meaning '• Straight-forward." ^J T ^ 5^ 6^ .^ '^ t^n' 'liau ,c'hun ,fien ,tik .sk/ keu' when spring arrived, 'yeu .tuk ^sku ,tik .jen ,san 'wu .c'keng .c'kiiin ,tu tan' .yaen 'li .lai .yeu wau', many students of books, iv> companies of three and five, came to the garden to walk about for pleasure. ^ 15 ^Sliiffl^Tfi^ k'an' .yuen 'tsi ,tih .teh ,tik .c'ka .t'sien puh' 'shau 'shu 'liau .yih shu' tsieu' 'yeu .shih tiau' ,tij sl}i' ;t'a .men .lieu hia' ,tih, _ the gardener received tea-money to no small amount, and after cqunting it found that he h(id ten striv/gs {about ^2 IQs. of our ^oney.) which had been left by them. -f'^^t^^ na' yih' .,t'ienk:'an' .yuen 'tsi ,tih 'Lii .cliih paf oke^ ;Shih tiau' .t'sien yih' 'wu yih' '.sHh ,chiau [55 1 'kei ,Wen ,kung, thfit very day the gardener Lil-cMh took these ten strings of cash, and in fives und tens gave them to Wen-hung. ^^^M^i^^MM^"^^ ,Wen ,kuiig .sliwoh clie' shi' 'ni ymg' ,kai .teh ,tih .t'sien, Wen-hung said, this _ money you ought to receive. ^ T ^ ^ -T^a 'Hau^Tiii' pa', tahe it and go. i^T^lil^-7'^^^T ,sliwoli 'liau 'chi pien' ,t'a ijih ting' yau' .lieu hia', after repeating it several times, he still insisted on leaving it. ^ft^li^^tlS'PT 'je ,tili ,Wen ,kung ,tu 'nau 'liau, until he provohed Wen-hung to hecome angry. @ IB §S ^ T ^ -t'sai 'mien 'c'liiang .na 'liau c'hii', he then reluctantly carried it away. ■ ^m^^^K^iA^^^ Jghwan .Hwei^clioh .t'eu jshwoh jchih 'yeu 'chu .jen .puh ngai' .t'sien, 'mo turning his , head round he saidj it is only my master I suppose that does not love moriey? >(.-5i® J t ^ 5^ yeu' fc-w'o' 'liau .shih 'cti ,t'ie-a,^again a few days passed away. ±A^Jaa^#±ifMT-1@^^'cliu.jen tau' .yuen 'li chien' 'tsing shang' ,sirt kai' 'liau .yih ko' m.mJs^^^^^Km^^ s^' lik' i' .hioh pih' ,sii 't'sing .jen 'p'in ,twan cheiig' tih .jen tso' jA&a. jshengj in establishing a charity school, you must irvuite a man of upright Qhfiractjer ,t^ bp master. , ' , ^^^1&M^W\M^')!^ .liiu^li .^en yau' ,t'ung .ta chiau' hiiin' yati' tsin' ,sin, in ' his learning he must be thorough, and in his teaching diligent and faithful.- [56] ii 1i ^.# ;i^ ^ it ^ ^ ^ ^ Che' ko' i' .hiueh .t'sai .puh chi' 'yeu .ming .wu ,sliih, this charity school will then not become a name without reality. ^ fi jChing 'kwan 't'si shi' ,tili .jen 'mei .nien ,t'sieu jtung ,tih .shi heu' liang' Ha' ting' chien' .ming .peh, those who superintend the matter, every year in the autumn or winter, make the arrangements on both sides. ,k'ai 'kwan ,tih j'ih.' 'tsi .t'sien ,san ,t'ien yung' .hung ,t'ieh. jfung 't'sing ,sien ,Bheng .lai, three ddys before- 'the time of opening the schdol, a red card should be prepared and pre- sented, to the master inviting hirp, to cofiie'. jfe^^i#— ^^ + A^^ isidn ;sheng .sKuii ,sieii yih' .nien er' ,shili ,pali , t'sien .wen, the master's emolument shall be twentv eight thousand cUsh in a year. _ii?;C^^#^^|gX + A^^ fan' .tW 'tien ,sin .t'sien 'mei nien kiing' 'fcsung er' .shilijpali /t'sien .wen his allowance for dinners and luncheons will be in all twenty eight thousidUd cash. ^ . ^.^ 'tBl^^M'^li^l.^A .liioh,sheng,t'sihstii' 'i shang' .t'sai 'k'o 'i shang' .hioh .t'ang, pupils of severi years andjnbre can enter the school. ^^U^^l^mm'^mnl^n'^ .fa .men ,tih fu' ,t'sin jkp ,ko yu' ,sien yau' ,k'ai .ming 'pen .hioli jsheng ,tih sibg' .ming, .nien 'chi, chu' c'ha' sun^' taii' .hioH Jt'ang .lai 'hau shang' pu' 'tsi, their fathers and elder brothers must prepare 'd cle'dr statement cf the Surnames anc^ proper namesj age and residende '6f the pw^ilsl and bring ii to the school that entries, may be ma^de on the books. m^m m^x^i^m ir # # m i®^ .sHoh jsheng tau^ 'kwan 'koh .jen tsai' ti' ,chiun mien' .t'sien tso' ,san ko' ,yih, the scholars on dirrimng 'dt the school are to pnahe three bows to the god of literature. ^^Wt^ M ten' .lai^tsieu' ,kwei tso' after this they take their seats. . , iH.^ MWC^ff^^'i^^^.m litau' ye' 'lifang' .hioi tih .shi heu' 'ye chau' che' yang', at night when the school is dismissed they do this ngaim [57] M W IW #^ Pi 1S H 'mei yueh ,c'liu ,yih .shih 'wu jSien ,sheDg 'ling ,t'a .men tau' .wen ti'' 'wu ti' ,k'wei ,sing mien' .t'sien tso' 'Hang ko' jyili, every month, on the first and fifteenth, the master is to tahe the pupils to make two bows before the gods of literature and military affairs and before K'wei-sing (a star in the Great Bear). ,tih .jen ,yih ko' yueh' 'liang t's'i' ,t'sin tsi'tau' 'kwan jcliung, the superintendents twice a month go themselves to the school. Slv H ^'^^ wen' jkuTig 'k'o pa' ,t'a 'so nien' jtih ,sliu jC'lieu jC'huh yih' 'pen .lai chiau' ,t'a .sheuh pei', they inquire into the tasks of the pupils, take the books they read, select a volume and call on th'-.n to recite it without mistake. mmm^^^^M-^^i^Wct^^ 'sojen'^tihtsi' 'cH jC'huli 'chi ko' .lai chiau' ,t'a ,shih jen', as to the characters the scholars know, they point them, and require their sound to be given. ^m^'W^r-'AM^'X-nn^m ioVsM"yeu pei' .puh kwo' .lai .ho puh' jen' .teh i&i' ,tih, if any one can- not recite, and does not know characters correctly. JB 11. 6^ ii ^ Ifi ^ i^i ± IB M 'pa .t'a ,tih sing, .ming t'ieh tsai' .t'siang shang' chi' kwo', his name is pasted on the wall to indicate his fault. H^^gCif:^4#^lJm*r ,san t'si' puh' 'kai 't'sing ,sien ,sheng ,fen ,pieh tseh'ta, after three times should he not improve, the master is desired to give him a heating on the hand proportioned to the offence. pei' jShu .sheuh, .jen' tsi' ,chen, 'sie fcsi' 'hau ,tih, 'shang ,t'a ,mai .pih ,tih .t'sien, if they recite their books perfectly , give the sound of the characters correctly, and write neatly, they are to be rewarded with cash to buy writing pencils. •fe'[]d ^ ^ /-^ ±. It ,shu 'kwan 'li 'yen ta' .hioh ,sheng jC'hi fu' 'siau .hioh ;Sheng, ngai' 'ta chia' ,tih 'kan t'a c'huh c'hii', puh' 'chun shang' 'kwan, if in the school any old scholar ill treat any young scholar, and if there be any who are fond of fighting, they must be driven from the school, and not allowed to attend it C58] LESSON 52. A CAVERN'. M^^M:^M^^^fl^ ,ting ,si 'yeu .Yun 'shai tung' sh'i' 'yea .ming jtih, on the west of the capital the Cloud and water cavern is celebrated. puh' 'yuea tsai' ^kau ,slian ,pieQ shang', it is not distant from the coal mines, and is on the side of a high hill. chu' tsai' tung' .men t'i' k'eh' .jen 'ling lu' ,tih, there is a priest who lives at the door of the cavern, and leads the way for visitors. '^MiKWi^t^^ taiSclioli 'hwo'pa 'tseu tsin' c'hii', taking torches they enter. MW ^^M^MM:^)i^^dK '^ mien' ,tili .shik .t'eu 'fang fuh' ,ti]i 'shui .c'heng ,tih. ,ping, the stone within is like dropping water forming icicles. $S "A oh.e' ko' tung' 'yeu 'k'eu chiau' tsp' .nieu .lang 'k'eu ngai' teh. 'hen 'tsung yau' .p'a ,clioh tsin' c'hii', this cavern has a passage called the herdsman's passage, it is very low ; you must creep to pass through it. — i^^^:^ptS^. -yih ^^' tsin' c'hii' 'king chi' 'hen ,to, all the way in, the curiosities are very numerous. ^M^^M^^^MU 'yeu 'liang .t'iau .shih .lung 'pa 'sheu ,choh tung' 'k'eu, there are two stone dragons guarding the cavern entrance. ^mmnmmm-^mn^-mn^m yen mi .lung .t'an shi' ,kan jtih .pai .lung .fan shi' 'yeu 'shui ,tih there is also a hlack dragon pool, which is dry, and a white dragon pool with water. >s, 'W J^ ;5^ Wt yen' 'yen ,shwen 'hu ,chwang, there is also a pillar called the tiger-tying post. iu !K.jU^\ ^ yt 'pa '^"'^^ 'pa chau' jchoh ,kwang, take a torch and shew a light. ^^V^^^} °'^ ^^^* side, ^[$ ^ iia' ,pieii, on that side. [ 60 1 ^ "llg miau' .t'sien, "before the temple, >T* •^ put' tsai', noi at home. '^E ^ tsai' ,cliia, ^ tsai', oi Aome. in. ■^ yu cte' k'wai' .er, J^ ^ che' .iai .er, here. •pE t^ tsai' nei', ^ Pp nei' ,cliung, among them, air paf tui' mien', |^ )i!^ tui' kwo', opposite. ^' huh koli' c'hu', everywhere. w ^2 -^3-11 ,pien, on the south. mi ® jcteu .wei, py ^ si"mieii', all round. •w ^g .TUi 'kwa,i ,wan .er, round a corner. Au U-I 'peih jshan, northern mountains. Fh (ibB ,si .ku, wesi Za&e. 'tt ^ ^ 'wang ,tmig 'tseu, go to the east. — ■ m. yik' .ckih, g^ tsien' .cMh, straight. 5s ^ ^ j^'^' jcko ^tseu, fo gio hy a round aboutrway. ^|» ^ 'na 'li, where ? ' . ^5 ^ na' 'li, Wl^ ^ na' .kai .er, there. ^1* — '^ la. 'na yik' .t'iau, tau', which road ? ' JO. ^^ 5^ eke' 'li .lai, come here. 'li* 't' j^in jckung, in the heart. 'ff 0U ^ 'wang .t'sien 'tseu, go forward. -. .. 2. Time. v^ -w. -^ O jckin i'ik', -^ ^ ,ckin .er, to-day. A^XiJJU. y^ n, .ming jik', ^ ^i -ming .er, to-morrow, ■►vv^ •»^. ^* Z^Xpp y .tsok jik', Pp ^ .tsok .er, yesterday, ^a^' n- vwi"^^ "^yZ jckin ,t'ien, to-day. A? tLe, ^Ij ^ .ming ,t'ien, to-morrow. r ^iA«!&,^ keu' jik', ^^ keu' ,t'ien, day .after to-morrow ''«w' ^i ^^A^ fiU^ .ju ,ckin, 51,^ kien' ,ckin, itow. 7«<.*" a/ws^ a. ''^ ^ © l> ,tang kia', g J^ jtang kien', now. tra^ 7^'^ O" -^ ^ ^ ^6ii' -laij afterwards. ^ _l^ yij ^ ,sien yau', you must first. !''a«''?U ^ ^ ^ ™°^' ^®'^' •®'^' ^ ^. ^°^' ^si^'» afterwards; at last. t^. f rifLM T^'m^i 'ngeu .jan, j^ ^ 'ngeu .er, occasionally, ^■»^ 2^ i^ fi^ .siiin .c'hang, ^ ^ .c'hang .c'liang, constantly. >^-^ ■fe»-iX^^ jE cheng', lE^ cheng' tsai', just us; just at. ta-J^ 7i^ i^^W ;t^ ^S ^9 .t'sai jkang, ^ .t'sai, /wsi womj. '^*'V^ /l^ '''^^ Wl '^ jJ^ang .t'saij ^ij ||lj ,kang ,kang, ^l] ,kang, jusi now. Kir^-lyjr» Zuv &fiMiL, ^ ^ tsieu' jsliwo', he then said, 7nciijfle. ^is^ 'mei .nien, every year. ,. -tW4 ?*<^ — • ^ .yih t's'i', o»ce.' ^ Jhi ^u^ — J^ w^LaL . / i*<^ Zxe, ^^ ^ ^"^^ -ian, suddenly. yt' «<£*^ Bi i^ 'i jcHiig, already. U.-^ y^ ^ ^ Chii' .nien, Zasi j/ear. (^-^^-^ ^--7-^ / ■vn-w- -wit^ 9^ ^ .ming .nien, next year. ^'v^*^^ nr^Y*- ' ^'^^ 'HA^'tt^ t^--^ ^ "^^^ >^^° jt'ien, a/?er f/iree d^ays, //tii .a^-ni£>~) t^^lu. -K^^fU-^-lE ^ jcheng yueh', _^rsi month. ^^*tf ife* ytfu^^ -^ ^ jtuiig cH' yueh', eleventh month, ^ yliiUM M lat' yueh', twelfth month. y^fi-iU. #^5^ -t'sien pan' ,t'ien, forenoon. -[J-^ ^"^ "^ 'cu'-^^tti, ^^ ^ ^eu' pan' ,t'ien, afternoon. (^''^'^/^ ''^^^^ ^^aiuei. ^ i^ *^^^ shwo', sai/ ii again. (j^£> /ds-a^J ■a.laU.'aa'^/i^^ ■^••B*^ ^sa^ 3^^' ^®'^* »*s^^ '^'^h come ragfaiM a/?er ■T^ three days. ^a^a^'w^/w A:^ ^;a^^ -dL ) ^^H**^ ^ -^ ^ ^ er' yueh' 'li, in the second month. '■^t^ T^kM^^ 'c^i 'tien '.Chung, ^T ^ 'chi hia' ,^J '^f^*^ y^ ,cho, it is so; yes. ' MMi^Ti^iie. '^ ^'B 'y^^ '^i* ** there any ? Z" iiK. . :§ Hy shi' ,tili, ^_ slii', yes; it is so. ^t^uA. J^'oii^ ^ .puh t'soli', it is not wrong; it is sa. 6a^ Z ^ ^^ .puh shi', ii is nof so. * K'o'^y^ PJ W 'k'o 'i> you may; it will do. ^'o-Juiltiu^, A^ ^ jC'ha puh.' jto, it differs little. iv^iocL -^ >v^ P*!^' '^ij *^ *'* not far from it. i'/t, -yii^^^ ^, jcTia 'yuen, ii is very different. i«,»y Z' ^ >^ '^en shi', it is ^•er2/ true. a^Y"-^^ ^ 'tsung yau', you must. <— ' 7/ JH! >^ 'tsung shi', it must he... r. "1 yy ^1^ tsieu' shi', ii is jMsf... or eww of... j^^i- 2^ Iot >S -t'sai shi', it is then correct. ■3ji^^ 7J M ^ -y^®^ s**'^'» ** *'* "^ lefore. 'wu^ cJiXi ^ tRI pull' ,chu, ii matters not which. SlffiiLsii^yi^^f^ V^^' 'ohun, it is not certain; he does not permit. kfi^tU^"^ ^ puh' ting', it is not certain. ^ta'CA't^^ 1^ 'y^u 't'sii, it is pretty; it is well. fmJii. c^'t*l|^^C -mei 't'sii, it is not pretty ; it is not well. 'm'fiM.. ll^ -^ '^ '^'° puh' shi', is ii not so? ■ ■ • > ~^ ^ -nnlif f'lrnnr ^ot the Same. not reasonable, 'i ^\' \ * a"-"- •""'&J .„ will not do. '^xilJilA ^^ ^ P*^^ *'^^'' *^ '^"^^ '*°^ agree. ^ j/^v ^E|^ .wu lun', without considering. ;4«uX /i'<»t -^ Bfi •P^''^ V'^^'f 0'"'9^i ^°^S 'not a match for. II For the TariationB in tone of /f» pu wo*, see appendix I, paragraph 15, [63] ^ ^f* it put' 'chi, does not stop ; not only, y \v*ti.^ _^ ^ p^j^f jkwan, it does not concern. r^^W/^ ^ ping' .puh shii', it certainly is not. . tK^ >^ f H puh' 'tung, I do not understand. 'uSt^ Z^ "^ jpuli' 'k'en, not willing ; I will not. i" PuM/A^ 5'J ^ jpili tau' 'pen, not so much as I gave for it. -t^ IM 1M -sui pien', do as you please. 4. Common Adjectives. '^ y^ ta'j great, /J^ 'siau, Uttle. yd-L.^'^ tu, ^ ,to,many, ^ 'shau, few. ^iJuUe/ Kiie, ^tl ,lian, dry,)l^ ,sliih, wet; moist. ^f» $f puh' 'hau, fcaii. ''jiA-.UL-iJU yrMU^r)] ^, si' jfang ,ti]i, square, [H .yuen, roMJwf. '^^^^ , x^ ^ iffl^ -P'ing .c'hang, common. ^ U%. M j^ei, fcZacfc; darft, Q. .pai, white. ^-vJi^ ^ ^ ngan',, dark,.^ liaag', bright. ti^ [64] ^^ 5E jsHeng, raw j strange, ^ .sheu, fipe ; cooked. AiU-e^ '*'^^w<^ -^^ .oTiang, long, ^g 'twan, short. tff eivXi^ ^ kwei', c^ear; TiowoM^abZe, R^ tsien'j cheap; mean. 7.A^ <2i^^ '^ ,shen, deep, ]^ 't'sien, sAaZZow. <» t^'Ce- -^^'" I'n*' 'leng, coZ(?, )l^_ .nwaiij warm. tu) ^ ^a^^ ^'isavL, early, 'S^ wan', late. ■^ si' , fine. tn>C' - ^ idoi^ ^Jj .sin, new, § chieu', oZcZ, TTA ,t'su, coarse. -^UaJ^ ^ ^' d**^ ^a jSung, loose; easy; light. ^ 'chin, fo'g'Af. hu*^^' "t^.^^^ J^ ,clien, irwe, 'j^ 'ctia, false. 7^ '^ £l>/XeJi^'^^ ^ 'lau .sliili, honest, ^ ^ ■.cliieli .sHli, _^rm. i^^Ct*^ -^^ iLi^i>^ ^ iS 'ctien jhii, humlle, ^ (^ ,chiau ngau', proud. tAZs^ -m^ §'i*vt{>n«*f ^ W 'fc'sung .ming, intelligent, -J^ pen', stupid. -^nfiun^ ii£^ ti^Jt' iM W^ pien' ,tang ^ "(^ ,fang pien', convenient. 1h^^ ^O-tt^ ^6<2^(^^ ^ "cheng, entire, ^ g|, .tsa Ian', confused. ^ 7-J^^ -^He^ ■^ ' ^ %^ w ^^' ^^'^'j dangerous, severe. -'-^ j 5. Prepositions. Wfu*. ^^rLoi, 5^ -lio, ig .hwan, .hai, awcZ ; with. ■^,duMf, ^ -lien, together with. |^| .t'ung, ^ ping', with. P-^^ t^'ir* ;^ ^ '*a; # .fsung, /rom. ^ .yeu, /rom; hy. 2^.-' -^ tsai', af ; to he at. ^4U^ (6l hiang', [towards ; to. ■b^ j|^ .ken, witli ( as a conjunction sucli as and. ) ^t^^ ^ ,tang, hefare, as in g ^ ]^ lu ,tang 'wo mien' .t'sien, before my face. "Im, '^'^sJt TUe. 'tiJi: ^i tiii'i towards, in corresp0w,ence with, 'iV, -iC^ ^ wei', for ; on account of. 2w ,yiii> 13 ^ 'Ji^^ ^ei', feecawse o/. ' iAvi^ 't^N [65 1 6. Postpositions. Ci/ ?M 'li, in, as in ^ f g ^M .ya .men 'li, in the magistrate's office. ZJe- liF -t'sien, fee/ore, ^ IQ . ,ken .t'sien. Xk* Ai^ A^ t*nA^ Pp jchung, in, as in ^ fp nei' ,cliung, among them, tim^ C^hw ^(CO ^ 'K ^6i'> iehind, f^ ^ .men heu', behind the door, ^na^ 'c*^^ ^^ Jl shang', upon, as :^ Jtl ,slien shang', on the person. M>>^ ^^ ''O 1^ hia', under, as •^'J* 'sheu hai', under the hand. a^U^ 'o'^ V^'*^^ ^h wai',0!«fe'rfe, asinf^ ^p .men wai', outside the door, 'yywt^ m'*^ yufj. ^ nei', inside, as inij^^ ^ ,sin nei', in the heart. ,d,oiw twvi 7. Fragmentary Glauses at the end of Sentences. ■- X^ •^.i*«v J^ ^ tsieu' .wan, awcj i/iai loiM 6e sufficient. ^in^ '0-<^^ ^ pien' pa', then let it he so. ■d^ "hH- ^ ^ .t'sai 'hau, it is then all well. ^^^ ^^^t^i^%^li\ (a .t'sai ,chi tau', and then you will know. ■jOhnJiL z*i^ !^ )^ puh' .c'lieng, anjjxtewogative of remonstrance. ,Zi^ ■^H^ WC WE tsieu' pa', then let it he so. ^^^■Ut t4\uiJL ^ w tsieu' .chieh, and so finish the matter. 8. Conjunctions. '^^^zTyi^M tan', M ^ tan' shi', K ^ 'cHh sM', hut. e^e •yucfi^ t^ ^ l^.teh .hien .ni, if he is at leisure. ^ ^^ iSi f^ Wi -^ BE '^isn jsliwoh hwa' 'ye puh.* .neng, he could not even speak. Bit/ aJi^eXu 'o^ ^*;**tc^^ -y^a-^ ^ ^ 1^ yv ^ ^ P^^' '^^'^ >tili .jen yeu' ,to, and had men are numerous. •f^yLi^) "^J ^ i-u ^ W 'tau puh' 'pi .t'sung ..t'sien, yet it is not to he compared with the past. 'U^-fi.a^ *nf^ tU^. 'liau, although you should repent, yet it is too late. I l!/t'il<^luiL^ P^ *^ P^ jli®'^ ^'^' ^^^' '^°^' ^^^^ eating and drinking. ^ ^^^ "^ '^ \oh.' sH' tsai' puh.' 'k'en ,tih, if again you are not willing. 1^ ^ i^«^ -fiuti^ 1'U^-'i;ci^ X<*v" 7^ ®fc ;S tsieu' shi', even if; but even. [66 j 'utlA fLcA. ^v* ^ put' .tuL, not only--'-^^ .lien, hut also- — -^^ (iJd,.Aii^ ie. ♦«- (-e-yft^ativ .lai ,t'a *ye pih' chii', even if he can n'ot db it, he must slill go. a^Tr.SiT^'' — p0 ^ — M ^ yit' mien' 'tseu yih' mien' 'siau, he both ^k2;^^d^^ walked An-d ^i^ihd, or he 'walked o% sifiUihg. tiMm ^M^M^^^^ -twan sH' ,kwo lu' .hwan sM' ftX fell .lai jtihj whether you are phs^itg, or have coihe dn - - 'purpose. ^ %u^ t^ ;)i«if'-5W^ €oar im: )ni^ •r'^'^ ^^Pf^TlRl^^ W"^' ^^ 'li'o y"Dg' 'liau fan' muh 'yeu, 1 do not hnow whether you have dined or not ? Tp*^*.^^ ^ ]^ 1^ .ning.'ti puh' 'kan, rather die than dare do it. -^^^^ ^ "tE* ffiE^ «^ieu 'ye .wu .yih, entreatinq is also .of no use. ^ ^ yih.' 'hwei .er ,kwan ,Glioh, for a moment he opened it and then in a moment he closed it. ^^OiLa^,*^ ^ .hwan, .haii or .hai, and, ^^ — "^ -hai 'yeii .yih.yang', and there is another thing. "yt^La. -t-ao '' <,a«,UL "f^^ux^ 6-^:G'^W. -H- pi°g' 't'sie, and further, t^ ^, •'fp? M^ sliang' 't'sie, and if further, or still mxyre. iSi '^"tfii 'fft 'y® jshen 'ye ,t'singrboi/i deep and clear. «_. . j^i ti^, ^' '^J 'tau, hut, -^ 'ye, liit; and, 19; ^ 5^ #J^ 5|$ ,showh A ^ yau' .lai 'tau puh' .lai, he said he would come but did not. ' 'UG'^ "tHi 'ye, but; and, '^■^'tgi M $f 'iii c'liii' 'ye ,keng 'ban, but it would be better for you ta^go. >yt^(tlu^ it^' ^ie^ "fi^i^-tf i*Kf ^'^'0 llfc .yin t'si', ^^'so 'i, therefore.. -^a-n'' y^'' ioMut 'il^ "^ ,yin wei', bs^ause, ^^ H>J ;;^ wei' jtih sW, because.' <^ ^^ -^^^ .yeu, sforaa;, JP^^QU) eaUpeire^ [67] ^ flit -liwang lali', yellow hees' wax. ^Oi ^ .lieu .hwangj sulphur. 10. Imports, Incense, Pepper, etc. ^^ /B> ^* iHgan jsili ,liiang, gum benjam,in. ^C --Sv Vm j^g^'ii jsih .yeuj oiZ 0/ grwm henjamin. 1@ ^ .fan jhiang, sandal-wood. TflQ W .paih .hu ,tsiau, w/iiie pe^'f^'"' ^ IHQ W^ .heih .Im ,tsiau, black pepper. J/2 ^ .c'hen jhiang, garroo-wood. 1^ ^^ chiang' .liiang, lahka-wood. 11. Imported Medicines, P^ ^ .ngo wei'j assafeetida. r. ^Jv /t^ shang' ,ping p'ien', cZeaw haroos camphor. p» pjv /j- hai' jping p'ien', refuse haroos camphor. "J ^* .ting jliiang, cloves. "^ ~y ^^ 'urn ,ting jhiang, mother of cloves. pP >S T^ ^ Yin' tu' ,nieu .hwang, Indian cow hezoar. j^ ^ .er .D'ha, cutch, catechu. 7^ ^^ ^ >piiig -lang 'kau, betel-nut cake. j^X^ >pi^g -lang, betel-nut. ^ ^ ^ '^®i .liwoh shen', pr ® ^ ,si shen', American ginseng. ^ '/^ ^ ^ ^ 'chien tsing' shen'' ,su shen', the ginseng root denuded of its hairy appendage. * ^ ^ ^ 'ju jhiang, QUbunum, gum resin, ov-franhincen^.e. I'X. ^§ moh' yauh', myrrh. ^ 7^ 'ffi ^^^' k'eu' ,hwa, nutmeg flowers. I^ ;^ juh' 'kwo, or |^ ^ ^ juh' teu' k'eu', nutmegs. S S. ^S .paih ten' k'en', -ro^e mallows. '^ ^ muh' ,hiang, putchuck. J^, ■^ ,si 'chiau, rhinoceros' horns. ■^ ^ 'shui .yin, quicksilver. y^ ^ .yang yauh', opium. [ 68 ] ^ 1w ^ >ping -lang ji, /ims&s of betel-nut. Rl •1^ juli' kwei', cinnamon. j^ "^ 'hu ,ku, tiger's bones. JB^ ■^ lah' 'chiau, deer horns. , ^5© 'hiueh .ctieh, dragon's blood gum. "jK Wt j" ^^' t^^^g 'tsij lucraban seed. 12. Imported Miscellaneous articles. y^ .^ 'hwo .sliih, flints. ^p"^ ^j -yiin. 'mu 'c'liiau, mother of pearl shell. ^^ ct: -ffl .t'ung 'nieu k'eu', brass buttons. w^ vff J Chi c'hi'j lacquered ware. S >i^ /wi '^^ jSung .shengj Manila cordage. a^ ,san, umbrellas. ^» ^ jliiang .c'hai, fragrant wood. ^y >S^ 'WS'i' .kwoh .mei, foreign coal. iK.^1 'ii'^o .jung, tinder. 13. Imported Marine productions. -SLvm 1^ shang' yen' jWO, birds' nests, 1st quality. Fp ^^ ^ jChuDg yen' jWO, birds' nests, 2nd quality. P» ^^ ^ Ilia' yd' j^Oj ii'rds' nests, 3rd quality. ^E, y^ ^^ jheili 'tai shen', 6ZacA; bicho-de-mar. pl y^ ^^ .pait 'hai shen', white bicho-de-mar. ■^ j^ .paih. .yu c'hi', white sharks' fins. ^ ^ j^ jlieili .yii c'hi', blach sharks' fins. ^ J^ jkan .yu, or ^ f| .c'hai .yii, stockfish. ■^ fli .yii tu', fish maws. g^ j^ .hien .yii, salt fish. 'M & -y^ -V'h fish skins. 5^ ^^ 'tai t'sai', agrar agar ; an edible fungus. ^ J§^ ^ .nieu luh' ,cliin, buffalo and deer sinetcs. ft^ tJ^ ,hia 'mi, dried prawns. ]^^ tan' t'sai', dried mussels. ^^ ^ ^ »^^^ '^^ 'P'^' sAarfc skins. [ 69 ] 14. Imported Dyeing and Colouring materials. 5'^^ mut', ebony. !S /T^ 1m chung' mull' .wei, masts and spars; hard wood. ^E -^ Wi jC'liing muh' .wei, masts and spars; soft wood. S 'A^ yK chung' muh' .liang, beams ; hard wood. ^^7|^ ^4 chung' muh' 'pan, planks ; hard wood. ^§ 7l^ -^ , oiling muh.' 'pan, planks ; soft wood. ff^ ^t 1® ^K '^^ ^^■''^' ^^''^' 'pan, ieafc planks, ^I ^ .hung muh', red-wood. ^ ;fi|j .mau shi', camagon wood, or rough persimmon. 5^ 0® ^(H ^ >y^ -^^^ °^'-^' muh', kranjee wood. 16. Imported Time pieces, Telescopes, etc. |g R^ ^a tsi' .ming ,chung, clocks. BsJF J^ ^< -slii .c'hen 'piau, watches. 3^ ^ H^ ^ ^ ,chu ,pien .sLi .c'hen 'piau, watches, emailles a paries. "f" S.^^ jit'sien 'li ching', telescope. '^B^~F"S.§9i -^hw^ng 'yen ,t'sien 'li ching', o^ era glass. ^1'^ kwa' ching', haiglng ml ror. ^ -^ ^ ,0'hwen ,i ching', dressing glass. /V a ^ ipah ,yin .c'hin/ musical box. [70 ] 17. Imported Cotton, Goods. 'nJ /E '^E "M pu' 'p'ih jliwa man', cotton and piece goods printed and plain. ^ ^ .tnien ,liwa, cotton. J^ E, TR -yuen 'saih pu', gfrei/ shirtings. FI fq, 'In -paili 'saili pu', w/iiie shirtings. ^ -?£ TU -wu jhwa pu', plain stuffs. ^r 5P» "In -sie .wen pu', twilled stuffs. ■^ •?£ '@, 'm 'y^^ jhwa 'saih pu', figured coloured cottons. Wi ^ Ci 'nJ •'''^'^ jliwa 'saih pu', plain coloured cottons. ^ TIJ jhwa pu'j fancy cottons. PI ^ 'ftJ .paih .t'i pu', w)M damash. CT '^ 'fl? -l'®^ .t'iau pu', dimities. ^' "2^ -^ 'fiJ koh' 'saih .mau pu', ginghams, different colours. W" ^ W 'flJ •'^^ .miem .fan pu', cotton and carwas duch. >f^ ;^ .mien ,sien, cotton thread. 7^ j^ .mien ,sha, cotton ya-n ^ffl ^ "iU si' .ma pu', fine linen. 7m w mJ ,^'su .ma pu', coarse linen. [p] ^ .h vei .Jung, fwstic.ns. ^ "fu 'yii P"') bunting. 18. Imported Silk articles. ■^ ipfl 'sheu .p'a, handkerchiefs. la .^ ^ olien jchin , g ' d threa i, real. i^ :sfe ^ 'chia jChin sien', gold thread, imitated. ]0L ^^ ^^ jchen .yin sien', silver thread, real. "(^ ^ m^ '^^'^ -y^" sien', silver thread, imitated. V^ ^ B^ jto .lo .ni, Sroad cZof/i ; Spanish stripes. [71 J p¥ I^ pi' .cHi, long ells. ■mW^^U -Ho .Ian 'yu twan', Dutch camlets. ^ Pl ^ ^ .Ying .kwoh 'yii ,sha, Bnglish camlets. ^ i^M 'yii .c'heu, hombazettes. /J"* ^ 'siau .ni, cassimeres. Mi, ^ -Jung sien', woollen yarn. McM4 .c'liwang jchaa, blankets. ■fS 5^ ^ ,hwa 'tsien .jung, velveteens. ^i jf^ 'yii -ling) lasting. yy* TPi ^^ 'siau 'yii .ling, imitation lasting, and Orleans lasting. 5^ ^ 'tsien .jung, velvet. 19. Imported Metals. 5E SS) jsheng .t'ung, unmanufactured copper. ^^ ^Sj .sheu .t'ung, manufactured copper. Hr. ^)( jslieng 't'ieh, unmanufactured iron. ^i ^E .sheu 't'ieh, manufactured iron. '^ ^^ jC'hien k'wai', lead in pigs. ^pl ,kang, steel. ^l ,sih, tin. <^ P ^ 'ma 'k'eu 't'ieh, fiw^Zafes. P ^4^ ^S) J'ih' 'pen .t'ung, Japan copper. Wa /T^ jC'hien p'ien', lead in sheets. Fl ■^ .paih ,c'hien, spelter. ^ ^i] ^J" .hwang .t'ung ,ting, brass nails. • ]§ mi )^ ^ ^ jshang .c'hwen .yah tsai' 't'ieh, kentledge. ^ W^ 't'ieh ,si, irow wire. 20 Imported Precious Stones, etc. .ma 'nau, cornelians. 5^ Jh ^ .ma 'nau ,chu, cornelian beads. Jrc J^ tai' mau', tortoise shell. W i^ ^f tai' mau' sui', broken tortoise shell ^ J^ )-f' ,po .li p'ien', window glass. 'shan .hu, coraZ. C 72 ] 21, Imported Animal Products. "^ ^ .nieu 'chiau, buffalo horns. i^'T"' JjC jsheng .nieu .p'i, raiv buffalo hides. Wi T"" i^ -shea .nieu .p'i, tanned buffalo hides. 5'S-Bb Jjc '^^i -l^ng -p'ij sea-otter shins. >^ 30^ IM J^ ta' .liu .li .p'i, large fox shins. /]'» W\ <)M ^ •'siau .hu .li .p% small fox shins. ^ Jj^ 'hu .p'i, ii'grer shins. ^fy J3^ pau' .p'i, leopard shins. %U Bl jtiau .p'i, marten shin. 1^ JjC t'ah' .p'i, land-otter shin. W 1^ ^ .lauh ,liwan .p'i, racoon skin. W 'W JjC '^3'i lo' -P'ij beaver shin. Jyi. M^ ^ ,li'wei 'shu .p'i, squirrel shin. ^ .®/ JjC -yiQ 'sliu -p'ij ermine shin. '/^ iW ^ '^^i '™^ -J^i sea-horse teeth. ^g ^. ^ 'cheng siang' .ya, whole elephants teeth. ^ ^ >T' sui' siang' .ya, brohen elephants' teeth. ^ ^ t'*^' -P'ij ^''''"'^ shins. /^ ^ c'hi' .p'i, doe shin. J^ ^ jsi -P'ij rhinoceros shin. :^ ^ t'sui' .man, hing-fisher feathers. TU ^ ^ 'k'ung 't'sioh .mau, peacock feathers. 22. Exported Oils, Wax, etc. ^ .paih .fan, alum. P3 3^ it'sing .fan, green alum or copperas. / V "^ y^ ,pali 'chiau ,yeu, anniseed oil. 1^ K vft kwei' .p'i .yeu, cassia oil. ^ W Vm poh' -to .yeu, peppermint oil. T"- Vra .nieu .yeu, butter. ^ wi' yffl ,ctii .ma .yeu, sesamum oil. flSj yffl .t'ung .yea, oil of the dryandra tree. S. yffl teu .yeu, bean oik [73] ^ V^ chieu' .yeu, vegetable tallow. 7^ YH .mien .yeu, cotton-seed oil. / ^P^ Vffl pi' •™3' -yfiU; oiZ of palma-christi. Q Iwl -paili lah*, hees' wax. ^^ ^ .oTia yeh', tea. /V '^ ,pah 'chiau, sta'/anniseed. ^^ ^^ shoh' jliiang, musk. /V "^ 'ffif )Pali 'chiau /cha, hrohen anniseed. H^ J^ ^* -slii .c'lien jhiang, incense- sticks: 23. ^icporfecZ Jfe^icwes.- r::^^ ,san nai', capoor cutchery. "I^Bh jChang 'nau, camphor. ^ -^ sin' .shih, arsenic. i^ -^ kwei' .p'i, cassia lignea. 7^ -f' kwei' 'tsi, cassia tuda. it -^^ '''''1 -f"^^ -ling* C/ima rooi (used for making biscuits.), f^ ^IH .c'lieng .cTiie, cuhebs. ^ ^[ jliang jchiang, galan^al. j^ ^ .shih .hwang, yellow lead (massicot.)) ^ ^ ta' .hwang, rhubarb. ^^^i jchiang .hwang, tilrmerie'. Jl. ^ i^ ^ ^ shang' 'teng ,Kau .li ,shen, best Gor'ean ginseng. "T* ^ i^ ^ ^ ^i^' '*'^°S' 1^3'^ j'i* ,slieli, inferior' Corean ginseng. Jl ^ ^IlC ^ shang,'^ 'ieng Jili* 'pett ,slien, 6esi Japanese ginseng. "^ ^ H 2|j ^ Ma' 'teng J'ik' 'pen ,shen, inferior Japanese' ginseng. W^ ^ A ^ ,Kwan jtung .]'en ,slien, Manchurian ginseng.- Wc Jii ^ ^®^' ^^^' •P'ig> J/oMwgr deer horns. •^ lil ^ 'lau lull' .fung,; old deer horns. P|T ^^^ ,ChT*ng,' .kwoh .nieu .hwang; Chinese' cow beeoar'.- ^iS )V^^ '™^"j cantharides. [ 74] i^ 4X kwei' jch'i, cassia twigs. ^ J^ .c'hen .p'i, orange peel. ^^ -cliu p'i. Jl^^ ^ shang' 'teng yeu' .p'ij siiperior pumelo peel. (if ^ -chii .p'i.) "^ ^ ^ J^ hia' 'teng yeu' .p'i, inferior pumelo, peel. ^ft ^pj ^^ poh' .ho yeh', peppermint leaf. "y Jp. jkan 't'sau, liquorice. ^ '^ .sliih ,kau, ground gypsum ; plaster of Paris. 5E|"p "X* 'wu pei' 'ts'i, nut-galls. ^p ^ jfeng mill', honey. 24. Exported Miscellaneous Articles. /^ "^ ^9 liau' 'sheu .chuh, bangles or glass armlets. 'Yf tiff .chuli c'Ei', hamhoo' ware. i^ fliu ^ 'chia jshan .hu, false coral. '^iT pau' .chuh, _/ire-*orfo (formerly made of bamboo.) ^ J^ 'y'i shan', feather fans. >^5? liau' c'hi', native glass ware. 7^ ^ji liaa' ,chu, native glass beads. P^ 2|^ 'yii 'san umbrellas. ^J .^ 'yun .shih, marble slabs. JgwH jt'uug 'ch'i hwa'j rice paper pictures, (pith paper,) (^^ ,t'uiig 't'sau.) ^j^^ 'chi shan', paper /aws. '{B, ^^ v^ 'chia jChen ,chu, false pearls. "^ ^ 'ku wan', antiques j curiositiej j 1^ ^ 'ku 'tung. J^^;^ si' .k'wei shan', trimmed palm leaf fans. 7|§_^^,'.t'su .k'wei shan', untrimmed palm leaf fans. i§^ l|fE ^ loh' t'o .mau, camel's hair. jj^ .^ ^ .mien .yang .mau, wool. || [ ^ ^ ,shau .yang .man, goafs hair, ^ ^ jchan sui', felt cuttings, or sui' ,chau, ^ ^ 'ch'i ,hwa, paper flowers. + jl^ 't'u .mei, Chinese coal. [ 75 J 25. Exported Colours, Paper, etc. ^ jQ .t'ung .poh., brass foil. Jjff. 7T .tung ,tan, red lead (ininiumJj ^ j^ ,si]i .poll, tinfoil. Wt ^ .yin ,chu, vermilion. Vffl iw2 .yeu ,t^sih. hwa', oiZ paintings. ^ XV .c'hien 'fen, white lead (ceruse.) ^ TT .hwang ,tan, yellow lead (massicot.) ^^jy? ,chu ,slia, cinnabar. JL^r'SR shang' 'teng 'oM, superior paper.. ^^ wt t'sii' 'teBg 'cH, inferior paper. Vw W .yeu 'clii, oife«^ paper. ^ moll', Indian inJc. 'fW" jt'sih, paint. ^g ,tsuTig, coir, tte thready bark of tlie tsung or coir tree. ]^ .ma, hemp. jl^ !^ jteng 't'sau, Zamp wicTcs. JPS ^^ lii' ,cliiau, green dye. R ^ ^ 'Kwang ,tung soh', Canton twine hemp, W^Tu ^ >^^ jcheu soh', Sucheu twine hemp. ^ ^ ,t'sili lii', green paint. Wi ^t li' c'hiau', oyster shells. ^J .Be ^^' -P'^f S'^ss^ leather. i. ^ '^'''^ tien', dri/ indigo. '^\i J^ ,k'eBg jsha, manure cakes or poudrette. 26. FaHows Exported Ware. ^ *p* :p§ .nieu ,ku cTii', buffalo bone ware. ■^ ■^ :§^ .nieu 'chiau o'M', buffalo horn, wafe. 3^ ^ ^ si' .t'si c'hi', fine China ware. Tffl ^ ^ ,t'su .t'si clii', coarse China ware. S ^^ .paih .t'ung c'hi', pewter ware. 'f^^Wf -liung .t'ung c'hi', copper ware. ^ ^ muh' c'hi', wooc^ ware. [76] jff siang' .ya c'M', ivory ware. mr 5ff jC'hih c'hi', lacquered ware. S T^ Wt vff -y^^ '^^ c'hiau' c'hi', mother of pearl ware. ^ Sff •t'eng c'ni', rattan ware. lH ^ vff -t'an jhiang c'hi', sandal-wood ware. ^g 5ff jchin c'hi'j gold ware. ^ BE? jj™ c'hi', silver ware. Wv J@ 5ff tai' mai' c'hi', tortoise-shell ware. ^ ^ .p'i ,siang, leather trunlts. !^TM -V'^ '^P-ng', leather loxesfor holding silver. &■ w "P'^ c'hi', leather articles. ^u" jSl -yau. ho', earthen ware pottery. ^ ^ 5? .hwang .t'ung c'hi', brass ware. ^ )^ IP .t'ung .nieu k'eu', Irass buttons. ^ ^y^ .t'ung ,si, brass wire. ^£ ^^ jsheng .t'ung, copper ore. m wH /T chjgw' .t'ung p'ien', oZ(i sheathing copper. 27, Exported Wood. 'yj ^ .phuh ,kan, bamboo poles. 1^ I^ .t'eng jeu', split rattans. "m^ mitt ,chwang .liang .t'o cha', piles, beams, cross-beams and pillars. ^ ^8 TT •t'eng .jang 'ts'i, rattans stripped of barJ$. 28". Exported Clothing. 'ftJ -JC W^ P^' }i -filij cotton clothing. WM ■^ •fll^ -c'heu ,i ,fuh, silh clothing. J^ WCi 1^ ¥(l -p'l ,hiue twan' ,hiue, leather and'satin boots. J^ ?^|^ W^ -p'i -^i® twan' .hiai, leather and satin shoes. "^. ^^ 'ts'au .hie, straw shoes. Ppi .c'heu mau', silTc caps. \ ijjpj .chan mau', felt caps. • 'i'@ i^ 't'sau mau' ,pien, siraw hat braid. [77] 29. Native Linen and Cotton Manufactures. ^Bl M. 'ftJ si' hia' pu', fine grass cloth. . TkB. ^ tIJ jt'su hia' p'u, coarse grass cloth. "I . tP 't'u pu', native cotton cloth. "W ^ ^ cliieu' .mien sii'j oW cotton rags. ^m 'Si? ^B .mien pei' jt'ai, palampore ov cotton bed quilts. 30. Exported Silh Manufactures. >fiB ■?£ .mien ,liwaj raw cotton. yjjQ /^ .hu js'i, Hu-cheu silk. i ^ 't'l jSij siZ/v produced in the neighbourhood. , ^ ^ ,si ,cliing, thrown silk. S* ^S ^^ 'y® -t'san ,s'i, wild raw silk. ^ ^ ,si tai', silk ribbons. ^i^^*^ -Ian jkanTkwei' tai', silk sashes with cassia flower pattern. ^^ jsisien', silk thread. J^ .c'lieu, pongees. f^ twan', satin. j^^ chiuen', lutestring. ]^ ^ cheu' .sha, crape. >^ -ling, damask silk. ^ lo, ZaM, a Kwd of silk striped across with flowers. ^ ^ 'tsien .Jung, velvet. •^ ■^ sieu' hwo', embroidered goods. M ii^ 7^ ^ '^^ .mien .tsali hwo', siZA a«^ coiioji mixtures. HI )ll ^^ Si' ,o'huen .hwang ,sx, Sze-chuen yellow silk. N( 5^ ^ .t'ung jkung ,si, silk reeled from dupions. [Jj ^ ^ 1^ ;>Slian ,tung 'chien .c'heu, Shan-tung silk piece goods. ^ ^ '"'^ei sien', tassels. ig, j|^ ^ koh' 'sheng .]MTag, floss from various provinces. M^M 'Kwang,tung .jung, Canton floss. K ^ -t'san 'chienj cocoons. Ml M M 1^^^' '^'^ -^'^^^ ''^•^"®® *^^^" ^/^. [78 ] ^ W im "X* ^°^' y^^g' -sill 'tsij matting. ^ Wt -p'i 'fan, sKn rwg'*. ,clian 'fan, druggets and carpets. 31. Exported Articles of Food, etc. Ig ^ mili'^cliieu' .fang 'kwo, comfits and sweetmeats. tsiang' .yen, soy. .paih .fang, white sugar. c'hih. .fang, hrown sugar. ,ping .fang, sugar candy. .hwang ,yen, tobacco. .pih ,yen, snuff. ■^^ ,yen ,si, prepared tobacco in threads. jf!@ 5^ jJ^ii yeh', tobacco in leaf. Pj' H fti^ , Chung .kwot .pih ,yen, Chinese snuff. y^ BM^S .ta' .feu f sai', salted turnips. >^j^ 'fen ,si,'vermicelli ('fen ,ser.) VM 'chieu, samshoo. J^ ^^ 'hai f sai', seaweed. iK. AM 'hwo ,f ui, harrj,s. ^% ^ ^ .hien ,chi tan', salted fowl eggs. ^^ ^g pien' tan', preserved duck eggs (alsq^ -l^ -ifE)- \^ \lZ. 'Ian .jen, oK-ue seed ('Ian .jea.) /J3^|^ 'kan 'Ian, olives. '^ ■^ hing' .jen, apricot seeds or almonds. ^^ ^3 jhiang hin', mushrooms. ^^^T^^ ,chin ,chen fsai', dried lily flowers. ^^ ^S^ muh' .er, wood ear. j^ U kwei' .ynen, lung ngan, a fruit. ;^ UI IaJ kwei' .yuen jeuh', lung ngan, without the stone. ^ ^ 11' jCh'i, lichee, a fruit. ^ -f' .lien 'tsi, lotus nuts. ^^'^,chi .ma 'sesamum seed. [ 79 ] > '^ "?£ ^ ^oh' ,liwa ,slieng, ov -^^^ .c'hang ,slieng 'kwo ground-nuts. 'fS Ec. "^ ,liwa sheng 'ping, ground-nut cake. _Q^ tea', heansj. a^ JS. ,heih teu', feZacfc beans. S. Wr teu' 'ping, feecwi cake. y^ ^ tI^ is '™i maih' .tsah .liang, r(Vc, u-heat and other cereals. /gg: §§ swan' .t'eu, onions. :^ -^ lih' 'tsi, chestnuts. ^K ^R jlieili 'tsau, black dates. ^I ^^ .hung 'tsau, re(^ dates. 32. Common TJt&iisils. Ta'4. UhC ^^ ^J t'sai' ,tau, chopping knife. YruA- &*^^ ^0 i\^ mien' ctang', paste roller, or ,kan mien' kwun', stick for kneading. ^ti^ :pii*v ^ ,^ .t'iau 'sau or .t'iau 'shu, straw brush. "tei ta^ •iH i 'tan 'ts'i, brwsJi made of [,dh\.m&\i) fowl feathers. Cii-L 5!!S5«A^'fty J* jshwah 'ts'i, brush of pig bristle^ (,cliu .man) or goat's hair (,slian .yang mau.) ■^U^ ' ^\ jliwo, iron coolcing pan; jkwo'Tping, bread cakes baked in a pan. "•' VOL (jA*^'g^ -^ fan' .shau, Wee spoon; 'ta ,k-wo 'li .yau ,c'huli fan' .lai, take rice out of the pan. ■^"^ <^^ s^ "^ 't'san 'ts'i, iroTO ladle; 't'ieh tso' ,tili, macZe of iron. 4/Uit^ ^td*x ^^ "^ -^^^^ '*®''' P^'^i^J ^yi^ P'sng' tsieu' p'o', wiVA, onejjlow •^ ii is broken. Hi," fe'E 'wan, cwp; basin; fan' 'wan, rice 5owZ. rv*-' •^*4 t^ J '^^ '^^h C'^^ or hatchet ; ^^fc p'ih .c'hai, fo chop wood.Kud\. ^ / iTUt" -h^ w^ -tS niien' 'pan, kneading board. 74v[f ■Cd- y'C ia8 'iiwo .lu, stove; ^B ,slieng 'two .lu, Z/gfTii i/ie sZo-ye. A^xr j-j^ ^a -c'liui, mallet; .tsa ,tung ,si ,tih, /or beating things. •frjJ ihk^/ wS 'j jting 'tsi, nails; .lang .t'eu, hammer. Tt&V SpB chii', s«?t'; chii' muh' .t'eu yung' ,tili, wsfc? /or 6ri'«7«(7 woorf. « .. /^l/^ ^^ Tr -p'en 'ts'i, dish; basin ; 'k'o 'i 'si 'lien /or uashing the face. , , ~_ -^tPL "x" •P'i'^g' '^^^) bottle; jar ; .c'heng .yeu, to contain oil. "ij '^ j^ ;|;g .c'hu kwei', kitchen cupboard; .c'heng tieh 'tsi 'wan, to 4JJL 'isCyi^ p ut away plates and basins. [80 ] X ^^'w**-^ ^ 'shui .hu, Tcettlej ,sliau ,k'ai 'shui, to hoil water. '^'****'?^ W 'stui ,shau, bucket; ,t'iau 'sliui, to carry water. - ■i^ jhiang jC'hun, edible leaves of the c'hun tree. . vw' ti^^^'k'Q t'sai', sow i/iis^e, >^: iH ta' chi', f ^lisiZe, /)> ^ 5^^ 'siau ki', small thistle. d.ti C^IjC" V ^'^t^i^i -V'^ ^'^^^'' spinach; Vsai', crisp. q i-i^^U>' SI 'ngeu, ZoiMs roois; -j^ ^ .ho ,hwa, Zoiws. --♦'vMaaa, tvO • ^itWj ^^ _g, ^ .hwang teu' .ya, yellow bean sprouts. ■t^dM\>S/>^^i 3. ^ liih' teu' t'sai'," g^ree?! bean sprouts. *~ ^ft ® /QiV jsi ,kwa, water melon; ■^ ^ .hu .lu, gourd. */*Vit^- t>*- jt-O' Ito 3E ■'^^ .wang ,kwa, or .hwang ,kwa,, cucumber. .^ fU^ ^ jtung ,kwa, ^ }Jk ,wo ,kwa, pumpkin. ■*<-■ "A-^ ,-jU> ^ >^ -^^^ ,kwa, or_^ .fan ,kwa, flat yellow pumpkin, i^ . C 81 ] l^ 34. Domestic Animals. UjL ^, chi, fowl ;^^,cUcMB.xi',coch.crow. ^^ dJU/i> "Tttwu- •K.fg .mau, cat; ^"^ ^ .ua 'lau 'shu, catch mice. -ha. toJL ■?^'< V'^U^"' ^ 'keu, diog ; ^ ^ k'an' ,cliia, watch the house, ito ^ ''^ ^4^ TO jOliaj JJ^V >■ Bp^ ^ wei' ,chu, /eed jjtjrs. /U>isul 2^^ "Hv^'^ j|§ 'ma, Aorse J- T^ ,|§ pei' 'ma, saitiZe a /lorse. ■^^7' ttt^ ^^"ij*^ ^ l|^ -^ .lii 'tsi, or .lii, ass; ,c']iieii c'hii' ting' 'chang, take him to be shod. Ct<, ^A^ 1^ "X* lo' 'tsi, mule; pa' ,t'a t'au' sTiang', ^jwi Aim in harness. ' C-^ ^S jyah, dwcfc ; ^ ^ ,yah tan', duck eggs. -aiM, ^ ^ .ngo, g^oose ; ^ ^ .ngo .man, g'oose quills. -ja^ T-nJie. , 35. £irds. OT^ "T" yen' 'tsi, swallow or mar^iw. yC wi jt'ien .ngo, swan. -S ^ hwa' .mei, white-eyed thrush. Wit ^© 'y® j*'^^' common pheasant. y^ SL feng' .twang, phcenix. ^& 7J^ ,pan ,chieu, pigeon. ipl^ ^ .ngan ,c1iun, quail. /\ ^1 ,pali ,ko, raven. yS ^ 'I3.U ,kwa, (read ,ya,) ringed raven. M .yi°g. hawk. 5§ l|pL ,fei t'sui', variegated Mng-fisher. W ?l -paili •ling, singing lark. ^ ^ 'hi 'cliiueli, magpie. ^ ^ .ying ,ko, parrot. ^ 'HI 'k'ung 'c'hiiieli' peacock. ^ -y- ,koli 'tsi, dove. W ^ 'ye »yali. '^'^a^e- ^^ ^ >yuen ,yang, mandarin duck.. MM-^ ,7ms> fish-hawk. *X i^ tu' jC'hiuen, goatsucker. dK nm ^^' y^nS wild goose. yC 3^ ' ^wo jclii, turkey. wi ^ .sien .hauh, cra?ie. ^ ^ ,chia 'c'hiiieh, /icmse sparrow, \^ ^^ ,sha jclii, grouse. ^ 1^ 'pien 'tsui, hroad-hilled; ^^ 1^ ,tsieii 'tsni, sJiarp-iilled. J^ ™ ^ ^ 'i >V^ '^^^ .c'hatig) long tailed. 7^ 1 » ^JK. °'^^' 'pai^g 'Sr t^'S *^* wings, are large. ^ -^ ^ )to 'chang puh' ,fen lieu', web-fjoted. JM- fl? j^ .hung .poh .er, reci necked. 7^ Jl shu' shang', on trees ; ^ ^ 'ta ,wo, m,aS;e £/ieir nes£. 36. Fishes. J;li @ Jl 'pi mull' .ii, sole. •^■^ ,slia .u, shark. "^^ .chin .ii, goldfish. pl §g .paih shan', wAife eeZ. ^ IP .hwang shan', yellow eel. ^ip-^ 'chi .ii, bream. MM'^ .ii, carp. ^5 ^ .nien, .ii, silure. R^>^ ■^ 'ti .ii, mackerel. ^ ■^ j^ 'ta .u 'wang, fishing net. j^ ■^ ^ tiau' .ii ,keu, fish hook., ^ J^ Jl ^ ,po .11 .ii ,kang, glass globe for gold fish. ■4^ ■^ yJ2^ ,cliin .ii .o'hi, pond for gold fish. ^ j^ jsien .ii, fresh fish. .hieiL .ii, salt fish. 37. Gart Furniture, etc. -f' .wei 'tsi, cloth covering of a cart. . ^ "5^ ,c1ie .lien 'tsi, cari blind, ,cTio .luu, carf wheels. "^ |jl§ -^ jcTie chang' *t&i, smji awning in front. [83 J W- ^ .cTie Vei, projecting wood behind a cart. ^W'f' jC'lie >yaen 'tsi, the shafts of a cart. §^ i\j> 'keu ,sm, thepart that connects the cart with the wheels, $■ ^ "T* »c^e ,siang 't^, inside of a cart. ^ gg .lung .t'eu, horse collar. ^ ^ k'wa' .yuen, to sit on the shaft. ^£ ^ 'kan jc'lie, to drive a cart. ^ 'T' flt W- lo' '*'S'f ,1a ,,c'lie, mules draw the cart. p^ ^ ,k'ai jc'he to set a cart in motion. ^^^'f' cMa' ,yuen lo' 'tsi, the shaft mule. 3§^^ ,pien t'au', the side mule, or leading mule. »w ffll "T* '^^ pien' 'tsi, whAp. ^^ ^. t'au' ,c1ie, io harness u cari, J^ ^ ,c'he .cheub, axle tree. 38. TFor^* wsetZ in Building^ V0 J^ clii .t'siaug to huild a wait. ^ l/S mo' .ni, , not well. Bh ^ ^ '^^^ tai' .t'eng, head-ache. ^^ jl^ ,fah jshau, feverish. ^ ^i"^ )^^^ yauh' 'tsi, ajrwe.. fli ^ -^ itf t*!' »^^^ P'^'^' 'hsLU, stomach out of order. -^ ^ 'chang jC'hwang, ®b >sin fiau', palpitation of the heart. ^ ^ .hwang cheng', jaundice. t^ Avt^WJ jsi^iu hwa' puh' tung', indigestion. 1r P^ 'L* >fah jDgeu ,sin, tendency Jo vomit. 42. 5oai Furniture etc. JKv ^ jfsng -P'eng, a s«iZ. ^ IB iwf y^ii' .liang .c'hwen, grram junJc. S^ J3H chan' .c'Hwen, war junJc. 1^ tS 'P^i *TiS to ferry over. ^ft ^ -ysn .c'hwen, saif 6oai. ^g jt^sang cabin ; hold j hia' ,t'saiig, put down in the cabin. MB^Si^ ,t*sang 'pan, deck planks. Jgfif^ .cTiwen .wei, mast. JffiL "W jS^ jfeDg sin' .cli'i, a streamer. ^Mi '^t •''^si jt^Dg, mast lanthom. ®B WL t^iau' 'pan, s^ore plank. 3^ ^- -uE jtsiang ,chiiin cbu', posis o?* which ropes are wound. Jjfc to', rudder J ^^WCi ,pan to', sieer io the right. Tf^ .wei, masi ; ^ )|^i ,t'ui to', steer to the left. ^^Am •'^^i i^''^) fnast hoops. Sli 1^ j^s^g .hwan rij H«gf for tackling. vT ^u 't* liau', singing. JM JS« 'ting ,feng, contrary wind. >j>^ 4>P chau' chau', io row. *fe ^E >la .p'eng, raise f A.e sail. ' j|§ ;f-p. .c'hwen 'kan, path on side of boat. ^^ jt'sang ,t'i, hatch way stairs. [86] ^ ^ 'kwan .cTiwen, r'i, chief boat-man, ^ ^ neng* .c'hwen, to work the hoat. ^'^ ,0'heng .c'hwenj the hoat men pole a hoat. ^/p3i t'an' .sheng, towing rope. g ^ jkwan jt'sang, front cabin. y^ ;§w 'hwo jt'sang, cooking cabin. 'Bif^'^^>W:MM^'Bfl^ yt. .men ,tih .d^iwen k'wai' siang' yen' ,ts'i si' jtih, i/0Mir 6oai is swift as a swallow. W «t ^ ffi ^ 'two ,chi ,tu stui' .ohauj the-boat men are all asleep. 43. Fwrniiure of a Souse. ^ -y' jcTioli 'tsi, table ; Jj ,faivg jch'oli, square table. f^ -f' 'i 'tsi, chair ; ^ ,c'liiueii 'i, round arm-chair. /fjn -y* wuk' 'tsi, stool; yueh' liang' ,clio]i, round table. >^^ 'pan_,teiig, longstooi; bench; er' .jen ,teng a stool f of two. ^ kwei', cupboard; J^ Tpg 'ting ,skn g kwe?, «fees^ on the top of a cupboard. ^ -f" ,siang 'tsi, chest ; .p'i ,siang leather trunk. 'Sx Jit ,pei' ,clii, a long table on which bedding is piled. ^ yu .c'ha ,clii, iea iaSfe. ^RJ ^ .t'iau ngan', long high table ; ,sha ngan', table for books. ^fe ^ .p'en chia'j Jasiw stand. ^ ^ ,8hu chia', book^ttse; ,koh ,slia ,tili, /or pladng boohs. j© ifi .c'hu kwei', kitchen cupboard. ^ ^ .king , siang, baggage trunk. ^ jp§ ,c1ia ,siang, iea cAes^. % 01 ,kwa .p'ing, _/?ower_/an -f^^fc ,hwa/p'en,_^ower jsofe. ^^ fj ching' .t'ai, mirrow stand. ^!^ ^^ man' eking', looking glass. ■f^ hwa', jow^Mre; tsai' .t'siang shang' kwa' ,ohok AwMgr OM the wall. ^j* -^ tui' 'tsi, hanging sentences in pairs. ^ ^ 'chiau .ta, footstool or .ta 'ckiau teng' f Ae same, ^ 7p§ ,shu , siang, book box. ^ ^ ^ -tnk ,sku .p'an, a tray for pencils, inkstone, etc. ^>ffit.^ muk' ,kwa .p'an, a tray on wMch is placed a frof grant melon. [87 ] TJ^ ^ man' oMa', hat stand. [flowers. ^)pj) kwa' .p'ing, a hanging Jar; 'k'o 'i ,c'ha ,hwar,/o>' holding Wi ^ fan' jclioh, dining table. p^ .cTiwang, bedstead. jl^ ,teng, lamp ; kwa' ,teng, hanging lanthorn. 44. Insects, Reptiles etc. ^ ^g .ma ,i, awf ; loan' .p'a, crawling in disorder. ^ SX cTieu' .c'hung, bug ; 'yau .jen, they bite people. ^ ^ mih' ,feng, Aoney feee ; mill' ,feng ,wo, bee-hive. ^ S liR *™^' ■'^> booh worm ; ,c'hila ,s1ih, eat boohs. 1^ ^K •li'^ jt'ieli, butterfly (read .tie) ; ,t'o c'hiau', leaves his shell. S^X^ .wu jkung, centipede; 'yau .jen 'yea .tuh, fAe^ Aave a poisonous bite. WH =?» yen' .yen, centipede with angular legs. SBS -t'san 'chien, chrysalis of the silk worm. ^^ .c'han, or$|Pj6g ,chili .lieu, cicada or broad locust. $irt ,sih sliwai', or 4ffi# 'c'hii ^ctii, cricket. ^a i 1^ tsan' .wang 'ma, hearth cricket. $E $51 joTiieu 'yin, or f^ffi A|s 'c'hii shan', eariA worm. ^ "rC A .yung 'hwo .c'liung, _^re-/y. ^ -^ 'ken tsau', fleo ; hwei' pang', f^ey can jump. S^ ,t'sang ,ying, housefly. !^ it^ .ma 'cha, ^ ^ .hwang .c'liung, migratory locust. ^ -^ ,si 'tsi, louse. it ^ '*'''^ 'keu, mole cricket. ^ -^ .wen 'tsi, mosquito ; Irr .wen chang', mosguito curtain. j|^-^ ,hieh'tsi, scorpion; .na 'i ,pa ,clioh .jen, they sting with their tails. ^ .t'san, silk-worm ; 't'u ,si, produce silh. j^ ^ .lo ,si, sjJiVa/ sAe//; '^ ^ 'hai .lo, fow^r musical shells. 1^ ^ ,chu ,cliu, field spider. 3S. WL ^^ '^^ jkuli .cliung, weevil corn-eater. ^ ^ -ha ,ma, toad. fi "^ -pai^ "^^^^ (-l^S -er,) sand-fly. [88 J 45. Common Verbs., U^ Abolish, ^ c'Lu', ^ fei'. uc -Jki Accept, i\^ j^ ,slieu nah'. ^ Add, M .cliia. :i''^pL^^ Affect, ^ ^ 'kan tung'. S-z^ '0 ^ Amputate, ^|J T» .la hia'. Zt^ Ascend, ._L shang. i^v-") R^^'i/Ask, ^wen',^yau',nR't'sing. we' *J> Avoid, ;%, 'mien, J^ pi', ij^ .tK,'' Baptize, |® Jtc jsti 'si. ^^ ' -fuh, iS'f^ ,siangsin', i^^Jt^ Bend, ^ ,wan. <^e./l''^A«w Besiege,^ .wei k'wun'. f«^'*V^^'^ind, i^ ^ 'kwun 'pang. "t^^ Boil, ^ 'chu. C^tfiXe, Bolt, ^4 'shwen. [.hu. « 'oWitA. Burn in cooking, >^ R^ 'c'hau i^'' Choose, ^5^ 'chien 'siiien. : ^ImK. Comply, -f^^ ,i .t'sung. ;i^^;i«A.'' Condemn, XE # ting' tsui'. Confess, ^, H jen' tsm.'.yf>^^ Congratulate, ^ §l'kungTii. Al~^<'^ Connect, "j^j^ ,tsieh sii'. 'tUid~"io^ Conquer, fi^ .teh sheng'.t«^^«>»t^ Cough, ^Jife .k'oseu'. it'^QoS' Cover, ^ _t. kai' shung'. iis. 7-^ Covet, ;^,t'an. . ^ j » Crack, ^ ^ lieh' ,k'ai., lietti-^ Crush, M^ y^h' h^ai'. aX "'^ Cry, tt4 chiau', PJ^ han'. fii^^"^, i&l Cure, ^^ chi"hau.4' '^'^ Cut,- ^1 .la, uith scizzor's, 'chiau. "Z*'*^ , Decide, ^ ^ ting' ,kwei. .dpy^ cmH^ Delay, ^ 3^ ,tan .koh. ta, fCoi^ Deliberate, ^ ^,ohen,choh.'S«,«>^Al^ Depend on, ^ ^ i'lai', ^f^ Descend, ^ "F ^ chiang,/ij«;'a'^ hia' .lai. Desire, ^ yuen'. -yK^!^ Desist, Jjt ft 'chi chu'. tJ^''^ * Despair, j^ 3^ .tsiu&h wang'.^w^'W^^ Destroy, ^^ 'hwei hwa'. .^j^^hjCa^ Detain, ^ ^ .lieu ,cho. ^j*- iitii«>U^ . Die, ^ 'si, ^iH: c'ha'shi'. i^^d't^ Differ, ^ ^ ,c'ho ,oho. 'teiR, BUJLj Diminish, ^^ 'chien 'shau. Afl,'^;l^^^ Direct, '^^^^ 'chi'tien.. %*,^ tCmf Disclose, S tH ^ lu' ,c'huh iCi:>liiidj .lai (also leu'.) tn. Discuss, ^ i^ pien' lun*. Ue.' ig^ Disperse, ^ ^ san' ,k'ai. a^ Ke. Disregard, '^^ -V^hkvi'.iialLiUo >^'Lo' [89 ] 4u ,siau hwa', Dissolve, j A^ hwa' •Yr\yydi Distinguish, yf" ^ ,feii .ming_ i\, dtvM^ Disturb, ^ ^ 'chiau tuug'. « jfijf jen' nai'. '% 2^ Engrave ^J ^ ,keli tsi'. 1^* 2t:Mr Enjoy, ^ ^ 'hiang shea'. J,' t^'.fii/' Enquire, ^ ^ 'ta ,t'ing. ^ i^jNEnter, ^ ^ tsin' c'hii'. ^-(^^Entice, )§] ^ 'yiii 'je"- ^ Ai^L^ Entrust^ ft # ,t'o fu'. «C ;Xv^Escort, ^ J3| hu' sung'. *uC 2''»^ Reap, ^ ,sheu, :^ lien'. ^' /Jj/ Read, ^ .tuh. Rebel, ^^tsaii"fan. 7JU ^ Receive, ^^ sheu' ,chob. Jl^ aiie^ do. ^Ij -^ tau' 'sheu. "til^ Jiw Redeem, ^J .shub. L,yuen. -(.'/tk/ L. Refine, J^ lien'. ^> Reform, ^IC IE 'kai cbeng'. ^' ^^'^ Release, ^ ^^ ,k'ai ,sbib. ''I'Skf K'ioivu Remove, ^ ^^ ,pan ,cbia. -jajj Kc ^spajj ia *S -P'ei .bwan. X (m^ m*^ Repent, -{^^ 'hwel'kai. ^aW*,' Jt^'' Reply, 111 ^ .bvrei ,tab. W.*^ 'fo^ Represent, ^ ^f ,tang tso'. ^ ■;feii Reprove, tseb' pei'. i^aJL (f^^ [91 ] le- .04^ Rest, ^ ,^ ,ngan siTi. W- (%•«•' Return, |p] ^ .hwei c'hir' /(W^^ Eeward, _^ 'shang. Eide horses, i^ ,elii. Rub K .mo. 't'sing jUgan. 1 san' jk'ai, '''^^ Salute, HR ^ ei. K'& .Scatter, ^ % "^ Scoop, :j^ wah'. '•P cL^See, ^ Mj k'au' chien'. \a, Od^iA, Seize, ^ -^ .na ,olio. 1-' |/^ fiend, tr II 'ta ,fat, fg ^f *^ Shave, |Hj t'l'. H.vii'ei.- Shut, ^ ,kwan. tc'i^ '^i'^8'' 1^ Chang'. i:ith^<«^^i"S6' 'J^ ^ "^ shau' ^ 'shai or seh. i?^^^;'^ Sit down, ^"T* tso' hia / ^ -^ 'ta 'tsui pa' 'tsi. ^ •P'A^n^ Smear, *^ .t'u. P^ ,p'en. 'i a4iMi> Smile, '^'^ -han siau'. , Alji>- Smuggle, ^\ 1% ,t'eu shui'. ltkii>tiJLS,na^ candle, 3J^ ^ ^ ^ rtio jChiah c'hii' lah' ,hwa. ^ ^^' Soothe, ^ ^ jUgan wei'. .yen B fiuaJU,fti< Speak, 1^ fS' ,shwoh hwa'. ^ MD-iC Spend, ^ M fei' yung'. J'^ Spin, |]^ ^ 'I'ang sien'. '^^^ Sprinkle, ;g^. 's&a. Start, ^ ^ 'c'hi „shen. Sting, f Ij tVi'.. 1 i Strike, tr 'ta. ^' Surrender, ^ )^ .t'eu.hiang. ^^fW '0 Sustain, g ,tang. fet^^ Swear, ^ ^ .fah shi', |if^ 7J> Take, ^ .na, ^C 't'sii. tuv^ (?^'t Take up time, |>i |5^ ,tan "wu. ^ - "^ Taste, -^ .c'hang. chiau^ Teach, Tear, ^ ^ ,si p'o', ^ ■f"^'^ Tempt, ^ '^ 'yeu hwoh', y^'^ /A/^ Thank, |^ ||f sie' sis'. Think, ^^ i^ ,si 'siang. Thirst, y^'k'oh. Throw, ^ ,jeng. Toast, i^ k'ang', i|^ 'k'au Translate, i]^ ^1 jfan i'. Tjeat, ^ 4^ k'an' tai^. Tremble," ^^ ,fah 'teu, ijfj UifJ' H^ III 'ta chan' chan'. '^tie/t^ t Try, fg^iS^ shi' sKi' k'an'. d^4^ A Turn back, J^.hwei 'chwen. av^ 4^ Wait, ^'^ 'tang heu'. "tit^-'^a^ Wake, @i 'sing. ^/^ns.) %U^^ Waken, W^ ^ chiau' 'sing. iij-oC ^0^ Warn, ^5^ 'ching chie'. (^La^' hU> Waste, :J^ ^ lang' fei'. ^^^ f^) Watch the house, ^ ^ k'an' K'Vko ,chia. Weave, ^ ^ ,chih pu'. l^^-l^ ^^'^ Weep, ^ ,k'uh iO^^^ Weigh, ^ c'heng'.. ;^i'vU^'^ Wrap, ^ 7§ ,pau ,choh. ;;<2-(^-*t '^^(it-(! Wring dry, ^ ^ 'nieu ,kaii. 'r^MiJoll 'ftiX. Write, !^ 'sie. ^ ^ [ 92 1 46. Distinctive Numeral Particles* ^oC '(0 koS as in ' — 10 /V -yili ko' .jen, a man. Also of cash, loaves, etc. ^^a^ ^ 'chan, small cup. Used of lamps, tea-cups, china-trays, etc, rC^,i^ 5i^ jchang, to stretch. Numeral of tables, bows, lips, etc. t^^^icJi ■^ jChih. Numeral of fowls, sheep, boats. '^**' 45c >^^- Numeral of pencils, fifes, branches. cJi-'i^ j^ c'hu', place. Numeral of places and houses. lU-t-Y^ ^ jfsMg, to seal. Numeral of letters and packets. /ti» ^^ chia', a support. Numeral of cannon. "/Cir^ ^IR ,ken, root. Numeral of poles, masts, etc. '/('fii^^ pj 'k'eu, mouth,. Numeral of coffins, bells, water vessels. ■^tiue,^ 'n chien', divide. Numeral of things, clothes, s^-^Uie^ ^ chiuen', roll up. Numeral of pictures. /f'<^ ^ 'k'o, small head. Numeral of pearls and grain. . ^'io ^ ,k'o, rank ; order. Numeral of trees. iV<^ ^ 'kwan, pipe. Numeral of fifes, pencils. ^■■n/^^^ k'wai', a piece of. Numeral of dollars, stones, etc. -Ci^A •f^ 'ling, neck. Numeral of mats, blinds, etc. •mi^ ]^ mien', face.. Numeral of flags, drums, etc. ,c'ha shang .c'hi 'tsi, set up a flag. •^c' J2 'P^j handful. Numeral of knives, mallets, clubs, spoons, chairs. fu»/t^^i^ 'pen> root. Numeral of books, account books. •ft-'tif^ 05 'p'ih, j»l£. lih', a grain of corn, etc. /^^ Ju 'pa-. * handful of rice, etc. yi-^m. 'Q ,pau, a bundle of sugar, clothes, etc. '^L,\ 'sheu .sin, a handful of rice„ etc. c^^ lS -t'ai, a load (carried by two persons) of anything. "^if^^ff tai', a tract of land, water, streets, clouds, etc. :^ay -PP tan', a load (100 catties) of anything. '^^'fee- la tau', a path or stream of lighL ^s^ffllc ^ .t'eu, a /leaci or end of string. ^i^ue -^fe jt'iau, a Zoaii (carried by one person.) cCCes, "^ .t'iau, a length of anything. ;zi''Y*v'^ ^^ .c'hiun, ajloch or /lerci of sheep, cattle, wblves. "[■CvC ^t 'ku, s^are in trade, divison of an army; breeze of wind. < '^'"'^ -^F •p'ai, a ro/'i of timber,- bamboo. /•''*-' 3il£ jpaiij a set of men ; ranlc of soldiers. "^* t^ rf* p'ien', a splinter ; collection of buildings. [98] ^>a 'sf jshwang, a pair of shoes, chopsticks (k'wai' 'tsi'.) ta> W ^^i'j "^ ''■'^^^ °^ land. ,.^^ ^ ,tau, parcel of 100 or more sheets of paper. ^/^ ^ t'au', a covering; cover of books, (several stitched Tolumes placed together in a loose cover are called a t'au.) ^h^ ^ •'^'liij fcawwer, ^ i|5 — ' ^ .shuh 'na yih' .c'hi, to which u banner does he belong ? ^t^ ^ .tsuh, kindred, clan. fflaC^ V$^ '^^'^'t 3- party of five or more soldiers. i^a^ ^ tui', a pair. 50. Auxiliary Nouns of Quality. C^h^n-c^ ^ 'chung, sort of men ; portion of silver, j^ ^g yv che' 'chung .jen, this sort of men. '£><^ II hiangS part oi ^sort oi. ^ — ^^^iM ^ '^ M — ■^^^iMM~¥''^ che' .yih'hiang' .t'sien shl' ku' .c'hwen ,tih, — na' .yih hiang' .t'sien shi ku' ,c'he 'tsi ,tih, this part of the money is to hire a boat, and that to hiife a cart, ja — '^ ^'|pj ^^^' -J^^ hiang' sh'i' .t'sing, this sort of thing. ^Uie tf ,kan, stem; sort of. i&if^^^ — ^A .t> ,men yen' shi' yih' ,kan .jen, they are another sort of people. -^^W lei', sort oi.'^^ — W.^ K -Puli sti' -yih lei' ,tih / „ .jen, he is not the same sort of man. '^- ^ ,pan, the same in kind, sort of ; ^^^^ che' ,pan ,kwang 'ching, this sort of appearance. r^ ^yang', kind of ; ^ 'JH A tSl che' yang' .jen 'p'in, this kind of men. 51. Numeral Particles to Verbs. % ,fan, to turn over. ^ :§ — 1^ ^ T yeu' shi' yih' ,fan ,lai 'liau, he is come once more. ^0 ~p hia', nameral of strokes. fXT^~F^ 't^' 'liau , sap biaVchnng, it has struck three times. '- Y [99] ^"^ ''^ # -^ hwei' 'tsi, a meetiibg. •^ T "^"^ "^ o'li^' 'liau .yih ^ hwei' 'ts'ij ?ie has gone once. r'^ ^ pien', to go completely round j numeral of seeing, g^ 3® ^ 3® .t'siau kwo' 'liang ,pien, J have looked through it twice. -t ' u^ 5^ t'ang', a time ; numeral of any action. "t^a^ ^ jtsauj numeral of revolutions j as of oxen grinding, the sun revolving. ^'^^ ^ ^'^'> repetition ; numeral of any action. ' . 52. Phrases at an Inn J5 tien'. fiiieZ^uiy^ *tl i^;ffi "x* j^^ii tsing' ,wu ,tsi, a clean apartment. ^^^ ^''^ /TO^^ jshau k'ang', light the hrick couch. Jtsa shang' to' ,tsi, pack the pack saddle. ^ ^^ -^.jkau .liang teu' ,tsi, millet and beans. [ wo ] APPENDIX I. Tones of the Peking dialect. 1. Words ia the first tone class, _£. ^ shang ping, take the upper quick falling inflection ; by the falling inflection being meant the tone of commands in English. But this becomes the upper even monotone in combination with another word following. If a word of this class stands last without the accent^ it assumes the lower quick even monotone, as in plfj* j^ wai' ,pien, outside. 2. "Words in the second tone class, _L ^ shang sheng, take the lower quick or slow rising inflection. The rising inflection is in English the tone of questions. "When two words of this class are placed together, the former takes the upper quick rising inflection, as in ot ^ 'si 'lien, wash the face. 3. "Words in the third tone clasSj ^ ^ c'hii sheng, take the lower quick falling inflection, or the lower slow falling circumflex, which first falls aud afterwards rises. "When two words of this class are placed together, the last is pitched high, and becomes the upper quick falling inflection, 4. "Words in the fifth class, f» ^ hia p'ing, take the upper quick rising inflection, or occasionally the upper quick rising circumflex, which is a double inflection, first rising and then falling. 5. "Words belonging primarily to the fourth tone class, y\ ^ juh sheng, are, in the spoken dialect, distributed among the other tone-classes in the following manner : — Old tone-class. Inilial letter. Peking tone-class. "Upper juh sheng, k, t, p, s. ts, ch, h, w, y. Upper p'ing sheng, Jt "^ Lower juh sheng. k, t, p, s, ts, oh, h. Lower p'ing sheng, ~f^ ^ Lower juh sheng. I, m, n. I J. w, y. C'hu sheng, *: C 101 J Jtl^ This is the general law, but the exceptions are very numerous, and they admit, for the most part, of reduction to a few anbordinate laws, which here follow, numbered 6 to 9. 6. Many upper juh sheng words, principally substantives, vyith the initials k, t, etc., and accustomed to be pronounced alone, are heard in the second tone or shang sheng, * e. g. j^ 'hie, Uood ; "Q* 'pai, a hundred j ^ 't'ie, iron ; /^ 'c'hi, afoot; ^(j 'pei, north; ^ 't% a pagoda; ^ 'chiau, foot; s^ Vjj pencil. Many words whose usual tone is the first, take Jl ^ shang sheng for a special sense, as ; m k'iuk, which is ,c'hu, ercoMd, but 'c'hii, a song. 7. Words taken from the book language, and not used to be pronounced singly, or not themselves thoroughly colloquial, prefer the third tone or ^ ^ c'hii sheng; e. g. ^ t'e, purposely ; v^ c'hiiie, true; |g5 so, wew moon; ^ she, to place; ^f k'e, a guest. When a word has the first tone for a common colloquial sense, as ^^ ,ko, to place, it often prefers ^ ^ c'hii sheng for another sense it may bear in combination, as !^% j^ ,tan ko', to remain anywhere for sometime. 8. Certain syllables, usually with sibilant initials, have a preference for the fifth tone, or ~f* ^ ^i^ P'ing 5 e. g. chu, chi, chi, fu, ko, tse, te, jli3 fu, happiness ; f^f te, to obtain, etc. 9. The reading tone of many juh sheng words which obey the preceding laws, is ^ ^ c'hii sheng ; and this is especially true of those that are colloquially attached to the first and fifth tone classes; all such, when used in poetry, are read with the intonation of c'hii sheng. In poetry, juh sheng words are all transferred to c'hii sheng, except a few found in shang sheng. 10. Words arrange themselves in groups of two, three and four, regulated by accent. Tho accent falls usually on the last word in a combination of two ; on the second and fourth in a combination of four ; and on the first and last in a combination of three. But when, as often occurs, two sounds are so closely * Words needing to be pronounced singly would naturally adopt the second tone, which, in Peking, is enunciated with par^ioul^r distinctness. [102] combined as to become one dissyllabic word, the accent is on tbe first J e. g. ^J^ .sben,mo, what? ^ffl 'wo ,men, we. 11. When the accent is on the first of two sounds forming a dissyllabic word, or the one is significant and the other enclitic, the last loses its proper tone, and assumes that of _t ^ shang p'ing, the first tone class. This is the reason that the proper tone of the following, among many more common words, viz; ^ .cho, .chau, it is so ; ^Si •^''j ^'^'"'S \i .men, door.; ^§ .t'eu, head; ^ 'mo, interrogative particle, ^ .ni, interrogative particle, -f' 'ts'i, son ; '['g .t'sing, thing, 9^ lo', final particle ; ^ .ye, father ; ^ .lai, covie ; y^ 'lau, old ; '(Q ko', a particle, is in the Peking dialect habitually exchanged for Jl ^\ shang p'ing, in certain familiar combinations ; e. g. ^ 7^ .lieu ,cho, leave it there. rej y\ .ya ,men, mandarin office. ^« ^3 '^h jt'eu, within. "^ ^ .shen ,mo, what. "^ -f' 'lau ,tsi, father. ^ 'Ifg sh'i' jt'sing, thing. •^ -^ 'lau ,ye, aged sir; a common title of address to mandarins. ini 5^ .hwei ,lai, come back. ^ "^ 'ni ,lau, you my old friend. j^ ^(0 che' ,ko, this. 12. The initials k, t, p, ch, and ts, are always aspirated in the fifth tone-class, except when the words to which they belong are derived from /v^'juh sheng. 13. The presence of the initials 1, m, n, r, j, in the first tone-class, is limited to words which are exclusively colloquial, or afEected in tone by the particular position of the accent, as explained in law 12. 14. The suffix j^ .er, attached to substantives and other words very extensively in the north, is frequently absorbed into the word to which it is attached. The final letters n, ng, and the vowels are then exchanged for r, while the tone of the word is kept and that of suffix is lost. Normal form. C 103 ] CoUoquialform. A IE -jen ,er ^ j^ .t'sien ,er -^ j^ 'ping ,er ^ j^ ,t'ien ,er M % .si ,er ^ ^ k'wai' ,er ^ -y* J^ ,chi 'ts'i ,er i^j^'pan ,er Observations. .jer .t'sier 'pier ,t'iei' jSer k'wair' ,chi 'tser 'par jfoer e as in French le. e as in mercy. e as in mercy. e as in mercy. e as in French le. e as in French le. a as in a7-t. e as in mercy as /or. 15 The words — ■ i, one and >p pu, not, vary their tone according to their position in the collocation of words to which they belong. Before a word in ^ ^ c'hii sheng they prefer hia p'ing. Before shang p'ing, shang sheng or hia p'ing, they take the c'hii sheng intonation, and when standing last they are heard in the fitst tone, e. g. ^ ^ .pu shi', it is not so j ^ ^ pu' .lai, he did ^t come ; ^ — ' ,c'hu ,i, the first day of the month. 16. When the suffix ^ .er, is absorbed into the second of a repeated word, the word takes with 5Et -^"^i the shang p'ing tone. This is true whether the repeated word be in c'hii sheng, shang sheng, or hia p'ing sheng; e. g. 1^ '!§ ^ j^ man' ,mar ,ti. Observations. These laws serve for Tientsin as well as Peking, except that the first tone-class receives the lower slow even tone, and the third or c'hii sheng, the upper quick falling inflection. In the distribution of the juh sheng words among the other tone-classes, there is little difference between the usage of Peking and Tientsin. The student is recommended to verify these sixteen laws, with the aid of a native and Sir T. Wade's very useful Peking syllabary. The tones there assigned to juh sheng words will be found to be, in many instances, irregular and uncertain. Thus, @»^»^» chi, si, si, belonging to "f*^ hia juh, shoul^ [104] be in p ^ hia p'ing, by law 5. But they are placed in the syllabary under _t n shang p'ing. A Pekinese whom I consulted transferred them at once to |^ ^ hia p'ing. In such cases, the difference of authorities indicates that a transition is taking place, and the law of change tells us which sound will ultimately prevail. I am happy here to take the opportunity of referring to assis- tance which I derived from suggestion by Mr. William Stronacb and Rev. 0. Goodrich in regard to some of the preceding laws. II Tones of the Nanking dialect. 1. "Words in the first tone class take for their distinctive intonation, the lower slow monotone, or sometimes the lower slow falling inflection, which consists of a slide of the voice downwards. 2. "Words in the second tone class, Jl ^ shang sheng, take the lower slow rising inflection, or to express the thing differently, in enunciating them the voice slides upwards. 3. "Words in the class known as ^ ^ c'hu sheng, take the quick falling inflection. 4. Words in the fourth class, or ^^ juh sheng, are short in time. 5. Words in l;he fifth class, or "f* ^ hia p'ing take the upper quick rising inflection. 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With Photograph. 1868. 22s. Contents.— I. Contributions towards a Glossary of the Assyrian Language. By H. F. Talbot. —II. Remarks on the Indo-Chinese Alphabets. By Dr.,.A. Bastian.— III. The poetry of Mohamed Rabadan, Arragonese. By the Hon. H. E. J. Stanley.— IV. Catalogue of the Oriental Manuscripts in the Library of King's CoUtege, Cambridge. By E. H. Palmer, B.A.— V. De- scription of the Amravatl Tope in Guntur. . By J. Fergosson, F.B.S.— VI. Remarks on Prof. Brockhans' edition of the Kathasarit-sagara, Lambaka IX. XVIII. By Dr. H. Kern, Prof, of Sanskrit, University of Lejden.— VII. The source of Colebrooke's Essay," On the Duties of a Faithful Hindu Widow." By Fitzedward Hall, D.C.L. Supplement : Further detail of proofs that Colebrooke's Essay, " On the JJuties of a Faithful Hindu Widow," was not indebted to the Vivadabhangarnava. By F. Hall.— Vlll. The Sixth Hymn of the First Book of the Rig Veda. By Prof. Max Muller.- IX. Sassanian Inscriptions. By E. Thomas. ^X. Account of an Embassy ftom Morocco to Spain in 1690 and 1691. By the Hon. H. E. J. Stanley.— XI. The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan, of Arragon. By the same.— XII. Materials for the History of India for the Six Hundred Years of Mohammadan rule, previous to' the Foundation of the British Indian Empire. By Major W. Nassau Lees, LL.D.— XIII. A Few Words concerning the Hill people inhabiting the Forests of the Cochin State. By Capt. G. E. Fryer, M.S.C.— XIV. Notes on the Bhojpur! Dialect of Hindi, spoken in Western Behar. By J. Eeames, B.C.S. Vol. IV. In Two Parts, pp. 521, sewed. 1869-70. 16». Contents. — I. Contribution towards a Glossary of the Assyrian Language. By H. F. Talbot. Part II.— II. On Indian Chronology. By J. Fergusson, F.R.S.— III. The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan of Arragon. By the Hon. H. E. 3. Stanley.— IV. On the Magar Language of Nepal. By J. Beames, B.C.S. — V. Contributions to the Knowledge of Parsee Literature. By £. Sachau, Ph.D. — VI. 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A Translation of a Bactrian Paii Inscription. By Prof. J. Dowson. — XV. Indo-Parthian Coins. By E. Thomas. Vol. V. In Two Parts, pp. 463, sewed. With 10 full-page and folding Plates. 1871-2. 18s. 6(f. Contents.— I. Two Jdtakas. The original Paii Text, with an English Translation. By V. Fausboll. — II. On an Ancient Buddhist Inscription at Keu-yung kwan, in North China. By A. Wylie. — III. The Brhat Sanhita ; or. Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varaha-Mihira Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H. Kern. — IV. The Pongol Festival in Southern, India. By C. E. Cover.- V. The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan, of AiTagon. By the Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley.— VI. Essay on the Creed and Customs of the Jangams. By C. B, Brown.— VII. On Malabar, Coromandel, Quilon, etc. By C. P. Brown.— VIII. On the Treatment of the Nexus in the Neo-Aryan Languages of India. By J. Beames, B.C.S.— IX. Some Remarks on the Great Tope at Sanchi. By the Rev. S. Beal.— X. Ancient Inscriptions from Mathura. Translated by Prof. J. Dowson.— Note to the Mathura Inscriptions. By Major-Gen. A. Cun- ningham, — XI. Specimen of a Translation of the Adi Granth. By Dr. E.Trumpp.— XII. Notes on Dhammapada, with Special Reference to the Question of Nirvana. By R. C. Childers, late Ceylon C.S— XIII. The Brhat-Sanhita ; or, Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varaha- mihira. Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H. Kern. — XIV. On the Origin of the Buddhist Arthakathas. By the Mudliar L. Comrilla VJjasinha, Government Interpreter to the Ratnapura Court, Ceylon. With Introduction by R. C. Childers, late Ceylon C.S. — ^XV. The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan, of Arragon. By the Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley.— XVI. Proverbia Communia Syriaca. By Capt. R. F. Burton.- -XVII. Notes on an Ancient Indian Vase, with an Account of the Engraving thereupon. By C. Home, late B.C.S.— XVIII. The Bhar Tribe. By.the Rev. M. A. Sherring, LL.D., Benares. Communicated by C. Home, late B.C.S.— XIX. Of Jihad in Mohammedan Law, and its application to British India. By N. B. E. Baillie.— XX. Comments on Recent Pehlvi Decipherments. "With an Incidental Sketch of the Derivation of Aryan Alphabets. And Contributions to the Early History and Geography of TabaristSn. Illustrated by Coins. By E. Thomas, E.R.S. 57 and, 59, Ludgate Hill, London, E.G. 9 Vol. VI., Part I, pp. 212, 'sewed, with two plates and a map. 1872. 8s. CoHTENTS. — The Ishmaelites, and tlie Arabic Tribes who Conquered their Country, By A. Sprenger.— A Brief Account of Four Arabic Works on the History and Geography of Arabia. By Captain S. B. Miles.— On the Methods of Disposing of the Dead at Llassa, Thibet, etc. By Charles Home, late B.C.S. The Brhat-Sanhit&j or, Complete System of Natural Astrology of Yaraha-mihira, Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H. Kern.— Notes on Hwen Thsang's Account of the Principalities of Tokh&ristfln, in which some Previous Geographical Identifications are Reconsidered. By Colonel Yule, C.B.— The Campaign of iElius Gallns in Arabia. By A. Sprenger.— An Account of Jerusalem, Translated for the late Sir H.M.Elliot from the Persian Text of NSsir ibn Khusrli's SafanSmah by the late Major A. E. Fuller.- The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan, of Arragon, By the Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley. Vol. VI., Part II., pp. 213 to 400 and Ixxxiv., sewed. Illustrated with a Map, Plates, and Woodcuts. 1873. 6s. Contents. — On Hiouen-Thsang's Journey from Patna to Ballabhi. By James Fergusson, D.C.L., F.R.S. —Northern Buddhism. [Note from Colonel H. Yule, addressed to the Secretaiy.] —Hwen Thsang's Account of the Principalities of Tokhilristin, etc. By Colonel H. Yule, C.B.— The Brhat-Sauhita; or, Complete System of Natural Astrology of Variha-mihira. Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H. Kern. — The Initial Coinage of Bengal, under the Early Muhammadan Conquerors. sPart II. Embracing the preliminary period between a.h. 614-634 (a.d. 1217-1236-7). By Edward Thomas, F.R.S.— The Legend of Dipankara Buddha. Translated from the Chinese (and intended to Illustrate Plates xxix. and l., * Tree and Serpent Worship '). By S. Beal. — Note on Art. IX., antS pp. 213-274, on Hiouen-Thsang's Journey from Patna to Ballabhi. By James Fergusson, D.C.L., F.R.S.-^Contributlons towards a Glossary of the Assyrian Language. By H. F. Talbot. Vol. VII., Parti., pp. 170 and 2i, sewed. With a plate. 1874. 8«. Contents. — The TJpaaampad&^Kammav&c&, being the Buddhist Manual of the Form and Manner of Ordering of Priests and Beacons. The P&li Text, with a Translation and Notes; By J. F. Dickson, B. A.— Notes on the Megalithic Monuments of the Coimbatore District, Madras. By M. J. Walhouse, late M.C.S. — Notes on the Sinhalese Language. No. 1. On the For- mation of the Plural of Neuter Nouns. By E. 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Contents. — Slgiri, the Lion Rock, near Pulastipura, Ceylon; and the Thirty-nintb Chapter of the Mah^vamsa. By T. W. Rhys Davids.- The Northern Frontagers of China. Part I, The Origines of the Mongols. By H. H. Howorth.— Inedited Arabic Coins. By Stanley Lane Poole.— Notice on the DluSrs of the Abbasside Dynasty. By Edward Thomas Rogers.— The Northern Frontagers of China. Part II. The Origines of the Manchus. By H. H. Howorth. —Notes on the Old Mongolian Capital of Shangtu. By S. W. Bushell, B.Sc, M.D.— Oriental Proverbs in their Relations to Folklore, History, Sociology ; with Suggestions for their Collec- tion, Interpretation, Publication. By the Rev. J. Long.— Two Old Simhalese Inscriptions. The SahasaMalla Inscription, date 1200 a.d., and the Ruwanwieli Dagaba Inscription, date 1191 a.d. Text, Translation, and Notes. By T. W.Rhys Davids.— Notes on a Bactrian Pali Inscription and the Samvat Era. By Prof. J. Dowson. — Note on a Jade Drinking Vessel of the Emperor Jahfingtr, By Edward Thomas, F.R.S. Vol. VIII., Part I., pp. 156, sewed, with three plates and a plan. 1876. 8s. Contents.- Catalogue of Buddhist Sanskrit MSS. in the Possession of the R.A.S. (Hodgson Collection). By Prof. E. B. Cowell and J. Eggeling.— On the Ruins of Slgiri in Ceylon. By % H. Blakesley, Ceylon.— The P4timokkha, being the Buddhist OSaoe of the Confession of Priests. The Pali Text, with a Translation, and Notes. By J. K. Dickson, M.A., Ceylon C.S.— Notes on the Sinhalese Language. No. 2. Proofs of the Sanskritic Origin of Sinhalese. By R. 0. Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service. Vol. VIII., Part II., pp. 167-308, sewed. 1876. 8s. Contents.— An Account of the Island of Bali. By R. Friederich.— The Pali Text of the Maha- parinibbana Sutta and Commentary, with a Translation. By R. C. Childers, late Ceylon C.S. — The Northern Frontagers of China. Part III. The Kara Khitai. By H. H. Howorth.— In- ■edited Arabic Coins. II. By S. L. Poole.— On the Form of Government under the Native Sovereigns of Ceylon. By A. de Silva Ekanayaka, Mudaliyar, Ceylon. 10 Linguistic Publications of Triibner ^ Co., Vol. IX., Part I., pp. 166, sewed, witli a plate. 1877. 8«. Contents.— Bactrian Coins and Indian Dates. By E. Thomas, F.B.S.— The Tenses of the- Assyrian Verb. By the Rev. A. H. Sayce, M.A.— An Account of the Island of Bali. By K» Friedericl) (continued from Vol. VIII. n.s. p. 218).— On Ruins in Makran. ,By Major Mockler. — Inedited Arabic Coins. III. By Stanley Lane Poole,— Further Note on a Bactrian Pali Inscrip- tion and the Samvat £ra. By Prof. J. Dowson. — Notes on Persian Beltlchistan. Prom the- Persian of Mii-za Mehdy Kh£n. By A. H. Schindler. Vol IX., Part II., pp. 292. sewed, with three plates. 3877. 10s. Qd. Contents.— The Early Faith of Asoka. By E. Thomas, F.R.S.— The Northern Frontagers of China. Part 11. The Manchus {Supplementary Notice). Part IV. 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