Cornell University Library 
 QK 495.R85B86 
 
 A monograph of the genus Sabicea, 
 
 3 1924 001 714 157 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tliis bool< is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924001714157 
 
A MONOGRAPH OF 
 
 THE GENUS 
 
 SABICEA 
 
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 
 
 A MONOGRAPH OF 
 
 THE GENUS 
 
 SABICEA 
 
 BY 
 
 HERBERT FULLER WERNHAM, 
 
 B.Sc, F.L.S. 
 Assistant in the Department of Botany 
 
 WITH TWELVE PLATES AND TEXT-FIGURES 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE 
 BRITISH MUSEUM 
 
 AND SOLD BY 
 
 Longmans & Co., 39, Paternoster Row, E.C. ; B. Quaritch, 
 
 II, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W. ; Dulau & Co., Ltd., 
 
 37, SoHo Square, W. ; and at the 
 
 British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W. 
 
 (All rights reserved) 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Me. Weenham has devoted some time during the past few years 
 to a revision of the material of the family Rubiacese contained 
 in the Herbarium of the Department of Botany, and the 
 Monograph of the genus Sahicea is the first of a series of 
 monographs which it is hoped to publish as the result of his 
 study of this family. In the course of his work "Mr. Wernham 
 has also studied the collections in the Herbarium of the Royal 
 Gardens, Kew, and in the principal continental Herbaria, and 
 cordial thanks are due to the Directors of these Institutions for 
 the loan of plants and facilities for study. 
 
 A. B. RENDLE. 
 
 Department of Botany, 
 Ma/rch 11, 1914. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Intboduction 
 Systematic Account 
 Summary of Collectors 
 Index . 
 Plates I-XII. 
 
 PAOE 
 1 
 
 20 
 77 
 81 
 
 LIST OF PLATES 
 
 Plate 
 
 I. 
 
 Plate 
 
 II. 
 
 Plate 
 
 III. 
 
 Plate 
 
 IV. 
 
 Plate 
 
 V. 
 
 Plate 
 
 VI. 
 
 Plate 
 
 VII. 
 
 Plate VIII. 
 
 Plate 
 
 rx. 
 
 Plate X. 
 
 Plate XI. 
 Plate XII. 
 
 1, 8. umbrosa Wernham; 2-5, S. orientalis Wernham. 
 
 S. laxa Wernham. 
 
 1, 8. Pewrcei Wernham; 2, 3, 8. subimjolucrata Wernham. 
 
 1-4, S. Moorei Wernham ; 5-9, 8. cwmporum Sprague. 
 
 1, 2, 8. mexicana Wernham; 3, 4, S. amazonensis Wernham. 
 
 1-3, 8. medusula K. Sohum. ; 4-6, 8. parva Wernham. 
 
 1-3, 8. acummata Baker ; 4-7, S. BatesH Wernham. 
 
 1-4, 8. gradlis Wernham; 5-8, 8. mattogrossensis Wernham. 
 
 1-3, 8. lamuginosa Wernham ; 4, 5, 8. Dewevrei De Wild, 
 var. glabra Wernham. 
 
 1, 2, S. Bobbii Wernham ; 3-5, S. floribunda K. Schum. var. 
 paucmervis Wernham. 
 
 1-4, 8. xanthotricha Wernham ; 5-7, 8. Ba/rteri Wernham. 
 
 Single flowers of species numbered according to the text. 
 
INTEODUCTION 
 
 HiSTOBY. — Sahicea dates from Aublet's " Plantae Guianenses," 
 published in 1775. Here two species are described — S. cinerea 
 and S. aspera ; both are scrambling plants, as are the majority 
 of the species which have been discovered since. 
 
 The generic name was devised by Aublet from the common 
 name for S. aspera used by the Galibis of Guiana — Sabi-Sabi. 
 Presumably deeming it " barbaric," Schreber, in his " Genera 
 Plantarum," 1789, replaces Aublet's name by Schwenkfelda — a 
 name which the present rules for nomenclature happily compel 
 us to discard. 
 
 Swartz added a Jamaican species in 1788, S. hirta, and Ruiz 
 and Pavon a Peruvian species, S. umhellata, in the following 
 year. In 1805 Persoon included a Madagascar plant, S. diver si- 
 folia, hesitatingly but correctly in the same genus. 
 
 In 1818 Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth published in their 
 " Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, etc.," a fifth species of the 
 genus, S. hirsuta. A chronological list of all the species appears 
 on pages 2, 3 ; and it will be seen that between 1818 and 1849, 
 when our knowledge of "West African plants was so substantially 
 increased by the publication of Hooker's Niger Flora, only four 
 more species, all American, were added. 
 
 The Niger Plora contains descriptions of the first five species 
 recorded for the African continent. Not until nearly thirty 
 years later was any addition made to the list, when, in 1877, 
 four more African species appeared in the Flora of Tropical 
 Africa, under the authorship of Hiern. 
 
 Between that year and the end of 1912 twenty-one additional 
 species have been described (see list), of which sixteen are African, 
 four American, and one is from Madagascar. In the course of 
 investigating the Rubiacese of Mr. and Mrs. Talbot's Nigerian 
 collection last year, I was surprised to find so many as four new 
 species of Sahicea, and thus I was led to a complete examination 
 of the genus. This has revealed the existence of more than sixty 
 
 B 
 
2 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 additional species, all of which are described here, bringing the 
 total number up to one hundred and six. 
 
 For the purposes of the present investigation I have examined 
 all the relative material in the National Herbarium, the herbaria 
 at Kew, and in Cambridge University ; the Berlin herbarium, and 
 the collection of Krug and Urban ; the herbaria of the Museums 
 at Paris and Madrid; the State herbarium at Brussels; the 
 herbaria of Boissier, De CandoUe, and Delessert, at Geneva; 
 and the Stockholm herbarium. 
 
 I take this opportunity to express my grateful obligations 
 to the following gentlemen for the assistance which they have 
 given me, and the facilities they have provided for my investiga- 
 tion of the several collections under their control : — Dr. Stapf , 
 and the staff of the Kew herbarium ; Dr. Moss, curator of the 
 Cambridge University herbarium ; Professor Lecomte and his 
 staff at Paris ; at Geneva, M. Barbey and his curator M. Beauverd, 
 of the Boissier herbarium, Dr. Briquet, of the Delessert 
 herbarium, and MM. De Candolle ; Dr. De Wildeman, at 
 Brussels ; and Dr. Prosper Reyes, of the Universidad Central, 
 Madrid. My sincere thanks are due also to Prof. Engler and 
 Dr. Urban for placing at my disposal for a considerable period 
 the valuable material in the Berlin herbarium and the Krug 
 and Urban collection ; and to Dr. Carl Lindman for rendering 
 me a similar service in regard to the Stockholm herbarium. I 
 have to record further my great indebtedness to Dr. Rendle, 
 of the National Herbarium, who has been ready throughout 
 with invaluable advice ; and to the Trustees of the British 
 Museum, for a substantial grant toward the expense of visiting 
 the various Continental herbaria. 
 
 
 SPECIES IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. 
 
 1775 
 
 aspera Aubl. 
 cinerea Aubl. 
 
 1840 
 
 cana Hook. 
 
 1788 
 
 hirta Sw. 
 
 1841 
 
 glabresoena Benth 
 velutina Benth. 
 
 1789 
 
 umbellata (Sohwenkfelda) 
 
 
 
 
 K. &P. 
 
 1849 
 
 oalyoina Benth. 
 
 1805 
 
 diversifolia Pers. 
 
 
 capitellata Benth. 
 
 1818 
 
 hirsuta H. B. & K. 
 
 
 ferruginea Benth. 
 venosa Benth. 
 
 1829 
 
 grisea Oh. & Sohl. 
 
 
 Vogelii Benth. 
 

 INTRODUCTION 
 
 3 
 
 1877 
 
 cauliflora Hiern 
 
 1901 
 
 Dewevrei De Wild. 
 
 
 geantha Hieru 
 pilosa Hiern 
 segregata Hiern 
 
 1903 
 
 bioarpellata K. Sohum. 
 gigantostipula K. Sohum. 
 Gilletii De Wild. 
 
 1889 
 
 novogranatensis K. Sohum. 
 
 
 speoiosissima K. Sohum. 
 
 1890 
 
 acuminata Baker 
 Schumanniana Biittner 
 
 1904 
 
 oamporum Sprague 
 
 1892 
 
 ingrata K. Sohum. 
 
 1905 
 
 discolor Stapf 
 
 1S93 
 
 humilia S. Moore 
 
 1906 
 
 Laureutii De Wild. 
 
 1896 
 
 ouneata Eusby 
 
 
 longepetiolata De Wild. 
 
 
 speoiosa K. Sohum. 
 
 1912 
 
 tohapensis Krause 
 
 1897 
 
 Dinklagei K. Sohum. 
 
 1913 
 
 geophiloides Wernham 
 
 
 floribunda K. Sohum. 
 
 
 pediceUata Wernham 
 
 1899 
 
 arborea K. Sohum. 
 
 
 Talbotii Wernham 
 
 
 trigemina K. Sohum. 
 
 
 xanthotrioha Wernham 
 
 amazonensis 
 angolensis 
 
 angustifolia Boivin MS. 
 asperula 
 
 Barteri 
 
 Batesii 
 
 boliviensis 
 
 brachiata 
 
 bracteolata 
 
 brasiliensis 
 
 brevipes 
 
 brunnea 
 
 Burchellii 
 
 cameroonensis 
 
 colombiana 
 
 composita 
 
 oostaricensis 
 
 cruciata 
 
 Dewildemaniana 
 dubia 
 
 Duparqueciaua Baill. 
 MS. 
 
 entebbensis 
 
 NEW SPECIES. 
 
 ereota Rusby MS. 
 
 flagenioides 
 fulva 
 
 gigantea 
 glomerata 
 gracilis 
 guianensis 
 
 Hierniana 
 
 JohnstoniiK. Sohum. 
 MS. 
 
 lanuginosa 
 
 laxa 
 
 Lindmaniana 
 
 mattogrossensis 
 medusula K. Sohum. 
 
 MS. 
 mexioana 
 Mildbraedii 
 mollis K. Sohum. MS. 
 moUisaimaBenth.MS. 
 Moorei 
 
 orientalis 
 
 panamensis 
 
 pannosa 
 
 paraensis 
 
 parva 
 
 parviflora K. Sohum. 
 
 MS. 
 Pearoei 
 pseudocapitellata 
 
 Robbii 
 rufa 
 
 Sohaeferi 
 
 setiloba 
 
 seua 
 
 Smithii 
 
 stipularioides 
 
 subiuyolucrata 
 
 Trailii 
 Trianae 
 
 umbrosa 
 Urbaniana 
 
 vertioiUata 
 
 Distribution. — The home of Sabicea is in the tropics of 
 Africa, including Madagascar, and of the New World, the large 
 majority (80 per cent.) of the species being scrambling shrubs. 
 The habit of the various species will be dealt with presently. 
 In only two cases does the genus appear outside the tropics, 
 namely, the widely-distributed S. Mrsuta, which occurs in extra- 
 tropical south-eastern Brasil (Santa Catharina), and S. grisea, 
 which is recorded once from Paraguay. 
 
 B 2 
 
4 MONOGEAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 There are three main areas of distribution : 1st, the African 
 continent ; 2nd, Madagascar ; 3rd, America. 
 
 Details of the distribution of all the species are indicated in 
 the accompanying Tables. For the present purpose the African 
 continent has been divided into seven, and America into nine, 
 sub-areas. 
 
 The region richest in species is Western Africa, and particu- 
 larly the Oameroons,* where no less than 35 species, 24 of them 
 endemic, have been found. In Senegambia, the most northerly 
 point of its occurrence in the Old World, the genus is repre- 
 sented by one species only, S. venosa ; the same species occurs 
 fairly generally over West Africa, as far south as the Quango, 
 a tributary of the Congo. In Angola S. venosa is replaced by 
 the allied, but quite distinct, S. angolensis ; here it is accom- 
 panied by only one other species, the aberrant 8. parviflora. 
 S. calycina, a very well-marked species, has a distribution similar 
 to that of S. venosa, with the exception that the Gold Coast is 
 its most northerly and westerly station. 
 
 Eastern Tropical Africa is almost as poor in species as 
 Angola, only three having been found in this region : S. arhorea, 
 a small tree, and S. entehbensis and S. orientalis, both related to 
 S. venosa. 
 
 S. discolor and S. Vogelii occur from Sierra Leone to French 
 Guinea ; ;Si. speciosa from Togoland to the Oameroons ; ;Si. giganto- 
 stipula, S. geopMloides, S. Bohhii, and S. floribunda in Nigeria 
 and the Oameroons. 8. capitellaia, 8. Laurentii, 8. Dinhlagei, 
 and 8. segregata have been found in the Congo basin as well as 
 in the Oameroons. 8. orientalis, apparently common in German 
 East Africa, has been recorded once as far west as the Mongala 
 river, a tributary of the Congo. 
 
 All the other African species are endemic (see Table, p. 6) 
 for the sub-areas named : — 1 in Sierra Leone and Liberia, 8 in 
 the Ivory Coast to Nigeria district, 24 in the Oameroons, and 
 10 in the Congo basin. 
 
 The 5 Madagascar species are all confined to that island (see, 
 however, the comment on S. diversifolia under that species), and 
 are peculiar in habit and structure. 
 
 In the New World the northern and western limit of 
 
 * It must be remembered, however, that more attention has been paid 
 by collectors to this region than to the others, at least in recent years. 
 
INTRODUCTION 5 
 
 distribution is the Oaxaca district of Mexico, where the single 
 species S. mexicana occurs. S. hirsuta, which has the widest 
 distribution of any of the species, exteijds from Guatemala in 
 the north-west, eastward through Oentital America, along the 
 north of South America to Cayenne ; in the west, from Colombia 
 southward to Peru ; a disconnected area appears in south-eastern 
 Brasil from Bahia to Blumenau, which is south of the Tropic of 
 Capricorn ; and finally, this species occurs in the West Indian 
 islands of Porto Rico and (as a variety) St. Thomas. 
 
 The rest of the American species are relatively limited in 
 distribution. S. hrasiliensis occurs fairly generally over eastern 
 and southern Brasil, and in Bolivia. S. grisea extends from 
 Ceara in the north over eastern Brasil to Rio de Janeiro in the 
 south ; it is recorded once also from Paraguay, where it is the 
 only species. For the rest, 3 species are peculiar to Central 
 America ; S. hirta is the only species found in Jamaica, where 
 it is endemic ; this, S. hirsuta, and S. cinerea being the only 
 West Indian species. Eleven species are peculiar to western 
 South America, 3 to Guiana, Venezuela and Trinidad, 5 to the 
 Amazon basin, 3 to Bolivia, 3 to Matto Grosso (Central and 
 Southern Brasil), and 2 to Eastern Brasil. 
 
 In all, 62 species belong to the tropics of the African 
 continent, 5 to Madagascar, and 39 to the New World. 
 
 Altitude. — In many cases the altitude of occurrence of the 
 species is not given. Prom those cases in which we have 
 information in this regard it would appear that the genus occurs 
 at all levels from the sea-shore {S. Bohhii) to 8000 feet 
 (S. cauliflora) ; and it is gathered that the species in many cases 
 prefer a damp habitat — moist meadows, river-banks, etc. The 
 following have not been found below 5000 feet : S. arhorea, 
 5000-6000 feet; S. Schaeferi, 5,800-6,500 feet; S. cauliflora, 
 5000-8000 feet. 
 
 Habit. — The large majority of the species are shrubs ; two 
 are trees — S. arhorea of Zanzibar and S. gigantea from the Congo 
 basin. The following are small, prostrate, and more or less 
 herbaceous : S. medusula, S. Mildbraedii, S. geophiloides, and 
 S. Barteri, all West African, and the Brasilian S. parva. The 
 manifestly shrubby habit serves to distinguish Sabicea at sight 
 from Coccocypselum, an American genus of herbaceous species. 
 
'1 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 Beua 
 
 acuminata 
 
 angustifolia 
 
 diversifolia 
 
 [Terticillata] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 i 1 
 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 «l 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 § ls-3 
 
 5l ■sss.„ 
 i II l§i£| 
 
 S5 
 
 lllj 
 
 ill 
 
 3 mP 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 -a 
 
 i 
 
 p 
 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 h 
 
 « 51 
 
 o_g.g'3 
 
 e3 
 
 5« 
 
 II 
 
 ?3 m 
 
 lll'illl 
 
 -S 
 
 r 
 
 'O cqE> 
 
 1 
 
 ea'o 
 
 .§■§ 
 
 n .—1 
 
 1 :3«| 
 
 1 tlllilll 
 1 tllillll 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 •a SI 
 
 
 11 1 
 "3 t> 
 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 
 
 ■.3 
 
 g 
 
 02 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 I^XVI 
 
 saTissas 
 
 iriVIMYD 
 
 Q 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 -a! 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 loiavsna 
 
 
 
 1 
 
Extra- 
 tropical 
 Brasil and 
 Paraguay. 
 
 
 hirsuta 
 grisea 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eastern 
 Tropical 
 Brasil. 
 
 
 1 « 
 •a 'S 
 
 
 111 
 111 
 
 
 
 South 
 (Tropical) 
 Brasil and 
 Bolivia (B). 
 
 erecta (B) 
 humilis 
 Moorei 
 cuneata (B) 
 boliviensis (B) 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 a 
 
 
 
 '1 
 
 hirsuta fi 
 
 amazonensis 
 
 glabrescens 
 
 parva 
 
 mollisslma 
 
 Burohellii 
 
 1 
 
 
 Trinidad, 
 
 Venezuela, 
 
 Guiana. 
 
 f 
 
 hirsuta 1 
 
 amazonensis 
 
 cinerea 
 
 glabrescens 
 
 aspera 
 
 velutina 
 guyanensis 
 
 
 
 Colombio, 
 
 Ecuador, 
 
 Peru. 
 
 colombiana 
 
 subinvolucrata 
 
 setiloba 
 
 Pearcei 
 
 umbellata 
 
 novogranatensiB 
 
 asperula ^ 
 
 hirsuta 
 
 cana 
 
 glomerata 
 camporum 
 
 j 
 
 i 
 
 11- 
 
 5 
 
 01 
 
 ■^ " .S 
 
 A '3 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 6| 
 
 a <u 
 
 O CO 
 
 as 
 
 00. 
 
 1 ' 
 
 'B 
 
 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 a^xri saiissas 
 
 
 yaoiavsn 
 
 3 
 
 
 
8 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 Most of the species of Sabicea, moreover, are climbers of the most 
 primitive type — namely, scrambliDg plants, reaching a height 
 of 10 to 15 feet, more or less, unprovided with hooks, tendrils, 
 or other climbing devices. They climb over hedges or scrub 
 bordering the tropical forest, often along river-banks ; we have 
 seen that they prefer moist situations for the most part. The 
 exceptions to the scandent habit, apart from the herbs just now 
 mentioned, number barely a score in all ; but they are of especial 
 interest, for they indicate an important trend of evolution 
 within the genus — namely, a tendency from the climbing to the 
 erect habit. That this, and not the reverse, has been the course 
 of evolution seems to be evidenced, e.g. by the migration of the 
 genus from the long established conditions of the tropical scrub 
 to open situations in the derivative campos or savannahs, 
 where it is represented by a few erect forms ; and these 
 latter are mostly of a speciaUsed habit. They may be 
 either bushes of moderate size — such as the Bolivian 8. erecta 
 and the Central American S. panamensis ; or they may be 
 quite small and subherbaceous, like S. hrasiliensis, which grows 
 in the plains of Brasil and Bolivia up to an altitude of 5000 
 feet ; or S. camporum, barely 2 feet high, which occupies 
 a similar place in the Colombian plains. Two more species, 
 S. humilis and S. Moorei of Matto Grosso, complete, the list of 
 American erect forms, with one exception, S. umhrosa — to be 
 referred to presently ; these are lowly, erect and subherbaceous, 
 a foot or 18 inches high at most. In all these cases the erect 
 species are more or less nearly related to typically scandent 
 species of the neighbouring thickets. Thus S. erecta has obvious 
 affinities with S. setiloba ; S. panamensis with. ,S. paraensis ; 
 S. hrasiliensis and S. camporum with S. eana, S. guianensis and 
 their allies ; S. humilis and S. Moorei with S. umbellata, etc. 
 
 The case is somewhat different with the five Madagascar 
 species ; for they are mostly erect bushes with no very clear 
 affinities with any of the rest. The habit of S. angustifolia is 
 significant in its subsarmentose nature, and it may represent the 
 nearest surviving ally of an ancestral climbing race ; but in other 
 respects this species is closely allied with S. acuminata, S. diver- 
 sifolia, and S. seua. We shall discuss the affinity of these four 
 species later. They are peculiar in their characters of ani- 
 sophylly (and this is least pronounced in the relatively primitive 
 
INTRODUCTION 9 
 
 S. angustifolia), and of fimbriated or laciniate stipules — features 
 which are found combined in only two other species, S. Mild- 
 hraedii and S. dubia, both subherbaceous forms from the Congo 
 region. Anisophylly occurs in two other species (g. v.), both from 
 the Cameroons, S. medusula, a creeping herb, and S. Satesii. 
 In the latter the inequality of the leaves is so extreme as to 
 result in the complete suppression of one leaf of each nodal pair, 
 so producing a pseudo-alternate arrangement. The same condition 
 appears in somie of the ultimate twigs in S. diversifolia. 
 
 The fifth Madagascar species, S. verticillata, differs from all 
 the others of the genus in having a whorled leaf -arrangement — 
 three subequal leaves arising at each node ; and the aberrancy of 
 this species is further marked by the solitariness of the flowers. 
 It resembles the other Madagascar species, however, in having 
 laciniate stipules. 
 
 The remaining exceptions to the climbing habit are the nine 
 species which I have grouped as a subgenus Stipulariopsis. 
 These are more or less lank erect sufirutescent forms with large 
 and relatively few leaves, and ample stipules which conceal or 
 tend to conceal the dense axillary exinvolucrate clusters of 
 flowers. All are West African, with the exception of the 
 Colombian S. umbrosa. The megaphylly and general habit is 
 suggestive- of the origin of this subgenus through a geophilous 
 tendency ; and indeed this is foreshadowed in forms like 
 S. humilis and S. Moorei, which display, especially in the latter 
 case, a tendency to the formation of few and large leaves ; 
 while the low-growing erect shoots, arising from a stout root- 
 stock, point in the same direction, namely, to the geophilous 
 habit. S. xanihotricha, however, is, according to Mr. Talbot, its 
 discoverer, a rather large bushy shrub, and should perhaps not 
 be classed in this geophilous subgenus. In this case S. xantho- 
 tricha and S. Batesii would constitute the two sole exceptions to 
 my primary two-fold division of the genus, based, as will be seen 
 from the key, on the size of the leaves. In the case of 
 S. Batesii the megaphylly is not improbably correlated with the 
 extreme anisophylly — a compensatory tendency to maintain the 
 efiective assimilating area (see PI. VII, 4). 
 
 Critical floeal chaeactees. — The critical features of the 
 genus are displayed in the floral characters. The valvate 
 
10 MOXOGEAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 aestivation of the corolla, coupled with the multiovular ovary 
 maturing into a many-seeded herry, leads indubitably to the 
 inclusion of Sabicea in the tribe Musssendeae. The generic 
 characters are as follows. In the first place the inflorescences 
 are axillary, in contrast with the terminal inflorescences in one 
 or two of the better known genera of the tribe, such as Mussxnda 
 and Isertia. Secondly, the inflorescence, though frequently 
 associated with a very definite involucre of free or sub-free 
 bracts, is never enclosed in a campanulate involucre (see Pis. VIII, 
 IX, X). This is the principal critical distinction between Sabicea 
 and the aUied African genus Stipularia. The latter comprises 
 two or three species of shrubs, with silky or felted indumentum, 
 and large elliptical or obovate leaves with conspicuous broad 
 foliaceous stipules. Stipularia is a near generic ally of Sabicea, 
 and we shall need to revert to it later. 
 
 For the rest, the calyx of the 4— 5-merous hermaphrodite 
 flowers has in most cases elongate or conspicuously large lobes. 
 As in other Musssendese, and indeed in many other Rubiacese 
 generally, the lobes in the individual flower are frequently 
 unequal and of difiering shapes — a tendency which reaches a 
 climax in the familiar petaloid calyx-lobe of many species of 
 Musssenda ; * but in SaJncea the inequality is in no case very 
 pronounced. The calyx-limb is divided with few exceptions 
 below the middle, often almost to the base, usually into Unear, 
 sometimes lanceolate or subulate, occasionally ovate or elliptical 
 lobes. The corolla-Hmb, on the other hand, has typically a 
 relatively long narrow tube, but little widened above, with 
 proportionately short lobes. 
 
 This relative elongation of the calyx-lobes, and of the slender 
 corolla-tube distinguishes Sabicea from the allied Urophyllum, in 
 which the calyx-limb is shortly, sometimes minutely, toothed, 
 and the corolla-tube is relatively short and broad. The flowers 
 in the latter genus are moreover noticeably small. In Sabicea 
 the total length of the corolla is very rarely less than 6 or 7 mm. 
 (S. hirsuta, S. asperula) — and this is above the maximum for 
 Uropliyllum ; the most usual length is from 1 ■ 5 cm. to 2 cm. 
 The latter is exceeded in S. Schumanniana (1-8 to 2-5 cm.), 
 S. amazonensis (2-5 cm.), S. pilosa (2-5 cm. to 3*5 cm.), 
 S. speciosa (3-4 cm.), S. umbrosa (upwards of 4 cm.), and finally 
 * See Jmim. Bot. 11. (1913), 233. 
 
INTRODUCTION 11 
 
 in S. speciosissima, with flowers 10 cm. long. The smallest 
 flowers occur in S. Mildbraedii, with corolla only i mm. long, 
 S. camporum, 5-6 mm., and in the section Floribundse — two species 
 in which the corolla does not exceed 5 mm. in length. The flowers 
 of most of the representative species are figured in Plate XII. 
 
 The gynsecium is in the large majority of the species 
 isomerous with the corolla, or, at any rate, the carpels number 
 more than two ; the ovary is usually 4-5-locular, as in 
 Urophyllum* The ovary is, however, bilocular in most of the 
 species of Stipulariopsis, and in two or three species of Eusabicea, 
 e.g. S. arborea, S. segregata ; but the total number of species 
 with only two loculi in the ovary does not exceed about half a 
 score. This is in contrast with Stipularia, in which the ovary 
 is frequently two-chambered — a curious, if not significant, point 
 of similarity to the large-leaved subgenus of Sahicea mentioned 
 above (v. also infra, p. 17). The ovary matures to a small 
 round 4-5-locular berry containing several seeds ; in Stipularia 
 the fruit is much larger and ellipsoidal. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF THE SPECIES. 
 
 Having enumerated the constant and critical characters 
 which determine the genus, we have now to deal with the 
 variable features, and to attempt to discover if possible the lines 
 along which evolution has operated within the genus. 
 
 The principal characters which vary with the species, but 
 which are constant for each individual species, are 1st, the 
 indumentum, especially of the leaves ; 2nd, the nature of the 
 inflorescence, whether relatively lax or dense and compact, 
 whether sessile or pedunculate, involucrate or ex-involucrate ; 
 3rd, the actual length of the calyx-lobesj and their shape ; and 
 4th, the shape and relative size of the corolla-tube and lobes. 
 
 Indumentum. — The leaf-indumentum is remarkably constant 
 for each species, particularly in regard to the presence or absence 
 
 * A polyoarpellary ovary — or, at any rate, an ovary composed of more 
 than two carpels — is the exception in Rubiacese, being found in about one- 
 tenth, only, of the total number of species composing the family (see 
 New Phytologist xi. 223). In the remaining nine-tenths the ovary is 
 bioarpeUary, and, with very rare exceptions, bilocular. 
 
 t In cases where the calyx- lobes are appreciably unequal, the largest is 
 referred to invariably in what follows, throughout. 
 
12 MONOGEAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 of felt or arachnoid covering on the lower surface. In fact, 
 S. venosa fi. anomala is the only exception to this constancy, 
 •which is thus of considerable value in the practical determination 
 of the species. In a few cases the arachnoid covering is 
 deciduous or scanty, the pilose part of the indumentum pre- 
 dominating ; such may be observed in specimens of S. mollis, 
 S. orientalis, and S rufa. None of the species are quite glabrous, 
 except, perhaps, S. geantha ; nor do many even approach the 
 glabrous condition ; Sabicea is essentially a hairy genus. 
 
 Inflorescence. — We have already hinted at a primary 
 division of the genus, based upon the vegetative habit ; the 
 further grouping of the species is here made to depend upon the 
 inflorescence. The latter is of three distinct types, namely, 
 1st, more or less lax at maturity, the inflorescence-branches 
 being apparent ; 2nd, closely compacted, both flowers and 
 inflorescence sessile or subsessile ; and 3rd, a compact involucrate 
 pedunculate head. 
 
 It wUl, perhaps, be readily conceded that the last-named 
 type is relatively the most advanced, the looser and less definite 
 type being by contrast the most primitive ; just as the capitulum 
 of Compositse is more advanced than the umbel of Umbelliferse 
 or than any diffuse inflorescence. 
 
 We will for the moment set aside the subgenus Stipulariopsis, 
 with its 9 large-leaved, erect, geophilous species. I have divided 
 the remaining 97 species, which constitute the subgenus 
 Eusabicea, into four sections, in accordance with the inflorescence. 
 In the first two sections, including 63 species, the bracts 
 are usually inconspicuous, and they do not form a definite 
 involucre. There are one or two apparent exceptions (S. cinerea, 
 S. amazonensis, PI. V, 3, see key) in which the bracts are often 
 manifest and subinvolucrate ; but the inflorescence is never a 
 compact and definite involucrate stalked head as in the third 
 section, Capitatse. 
 
 The first section (Laxse) includes those species — 31 in all — 
 in which the inflorescence is more or less lax at maturity (Fig. 1). 
 In the 32 species of the second section,* Sessiles, the branches of 
 the inflorescence, the peduncle and pedicels are all suppressed or 
 almost so, the flowers being disposed in dense axillary clusters — 
 save in those very rare cases in which the flowers are solitary or 
 
 * The doubtful S. verticillata and S. bracteolata are included. 
 
INTEODUCTION 
 
 10 
 o 
 
 subsolitary. The third section, Capitatse, includes 32 species. 
 In the fourth, Floribundse, the inflorescence is diffuse and 
 compound, each partial inflorescence being associated with a 
 
 III. OAPiTAT^ai:. 
 
 IV. FliOEIBUND.ffi;. 
 
 Pig. 1. 
 
 Diagram showing types of infloresoenoe in each of the four sections of Eusabioea. 
 in, involucre ; br, bract. Flowers represented by small circles. 
 
 more or less conspicuous foliaceous bract (see Fig. 1). Two 
 species only — S. segre.gata and S. florihunda (see PI. X, 3, 4) 
 — are classed in this section. 
 
 The main course of evolution within the genus would appear 
 to have been a progress from Laxse — as represented by S. venosa, 
 S. paraensis, etc. — chiefly along two diverging lines, one 
 producing Sessiles, the other Capitatse. On prima facie grounds 
 it is not improbable that the lax preceded the compact type 
 
14 IIONOGEAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 of inflorescence in the course of descent. The latter would 
 arise by the suppression of the floral axes in response to the 
 biological advantage of dense aggregation of the flowers ; for by 
 this means greater conspicuousness is secured for the purpose of 
 attracting insect-visitors, which can, at the same time, pollinate 
 a large number of flowers at a single brief visit. Such is the 
 advantage of the head in Compositse — the most successful single 
 
 5TIPULARIA 
 
 ^S.Dewevrei) 
 
 1 Cihiiaiae, 
 
 r+i9 COCCOCYPSELUM 
 
 ^ \ 18 + 9+5- 
 
 \ \ /NAM 
 
 STIPULMI0P5IS \ \ / 
 N "^ 7a\ I £^ UROPHYLLUM 
 
 PRiMdSABICEA 
 
 Pig. 2* 
 
 Showing the origin and affinities proposed for the various groups 
 
 of Sabicea and their relation to allied genera. 
 
 group of flowering plants, if we may judge by the number of 
 their species — the verticillaster of Labiata, and so on. 
 
 Further, the suggestion that Sessiles and Capitatse have 
 originated along separate lines emanating from an ancestral 
 stock, represented by Laxae, is supported by the circumstances 
 of the distribution of the species over the Old and New Worlds. 
 The broad general affinities here proposed for the various groups 
 of Sabicea are indicated in the accompanying diagram (Fig. 2), 
 which indicates also the distribution. Thus Laxae are distributed 
 fairly evenly between Africa (A) and America (N), for of the 
 
 * An African species of Stipulariopsis, S. stipularioides, has been 
 added since this diagram was completed ; this makes 8 species for Africa 
 instead of 7 as shown. 
 
INTRODUCTION 15 
 
 31 species included in this section, 17 belong to the latter and 
 14 to the former. Capitatse on the other hand are, with three 
 exceptions, confined to the African continent ; while of the 
 30 species of Sessiles, 18 are American against 8 African, the 
 remaining 4 being the aberrant species from Madagascar (M). 
 Moreover, the 8 African species are far from typical of Sessiles, 
 for they include the curious S. medusula, S. Mildbraedii, S. Baiesii, 
 and S. dubia, with their exceptional habit, anisophylly, etc. ; the 
 tree S. arborea ; and the large-flowered ;Si. apeeiosa and 8. specio- 
 sissima. The eighth, S. parviflora, has an inflorescence like 
 S. aspera, with a tendency to laxity, and is barely evolved from 
 the Laxse ancestry. 
 
 Broadly speaking, then, it may be supposed not unreasonably 
 that the genus existed simultaneously in Africa and America as 
 an ancestral race (Peimosabicea) with lax inflorescence, repre- 
 sented at the present day by e.g. S. venosa in Africa and 
 S. paraensis in America. In the latter area of distribution 
 evolutionary development operated in the direction of producing 
 dense, sessile axillary clusters by the suppression of all the floral 
 axes. In Africa, on the other hand, a special type of inflorescence 
 was evolved — the stalked, involucrate capitulum. By the 
 progressive development of the latter a new genus ultimately 
 arose — Stipularia ; this, it is significant to note, is confined to 
 the African continent. S. Dewevrei and S. gigantea represent 
 a transition to this genus in regard to the structure of the 
 involucre (see descriptions of these species). 
 
 It is not improbable that the difiusely compound inflorescence 
 of S. floribunda and S. segregata represents a third type of 
 advance upon the primitive Laxse ; and in accordance with this 
 idea, I have' indicated this third section Floribundee as an 
 ofi"-shoot from the Laxse line represented by S. venosa 
 (Figs. 2, 3). The three types of elaborated inflorescence, together 
 with the primitive Laxae type, are shown diagrammatically in 
 Fig. 1 ; and the four types are critical for the four sections of 
 the subgenus Eusabicea respectively. The Floribundse type may 
 be conceived as derived from the Laxse type by the substitution 
 of a group of flowers for a single flower in the latter, and the 
 addition of a more or less conspicuous bract to each group 
 so formed (see PI. X, 4). 
 
 A more detailed evolutionary tree is appended (Fig. 3), in which 
 
16 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 all the species of Eusabicea, * with their mutual affinities as proposed 
 in this monograph, are indicated. The lower circle includes 
 Laxee within its circumference, and the upper, Capitatse. Near 
 the point of contact between these two S. Vogelii lies ; the 
 inflorescence in this species varies from relative laxity to the 
 compactness of a stalked head, with a more or less well-marked 
 involucre. It may be regarded as transitional between the two 
 sections. In the same way S. aspera possesses an inflorescence 
 of varying laxity, and is transitional between Laxse and Sessiles. 
 
 The diagram shows that the American Sessiles are connected 
 upon one continuous shoot of the evolutionary tree which bears 
 all the American Laxse upon its lower branches. The three 
 American Capitatae — S. Trailii, S. mattogrossensis, and S. Trianae 
 — have manifest affinities with Laxse as represented by S. umbel- 
 lata, S. hirta, etc. 
 
 Of the subgenus Eusabicea there remain for consideration the 
 Sessiles of Africa (8 spp.) and Madagascar (4 spp.) — 12 species 
 in all. These are, as we have seen, more or less isolated in 
 affinity ; but their features of mutual resemblance suggest the 
 possibility of a common ancestry in the Primosabicean stock — 
 except, perhaps, in the case of the large-flowered and imperfectly- 
 known S. speciosissima (PI. XII, 40). S. diversifolia of Madagascar 
 and S. arborea from the neighbouring district of Zanzibar, are 
 similar in their erect habit, general f acies and indumentum. We 
 would suggest that S. arborea and S. speciosa may be the SessUes- 
 descendants of a Laxse-line represented by S. parviflora and 
 S. Smithii, two African species on the border between Laxse 
 and Sessiles (see Fig. 3). In a precisely similar way we have 
 proposed that the African Oapitatse may be the descendants 
 of a Laxse-line represented by S. Vogelii, which is on the border 
 between Laxse and Oapitatse. In the latter case, however, we 
 have been able to suggest the ancestry more remotely in Laxse, 
 tracing it to typical species of that primitive section such as 
 S. venosa and S. discolor. 
 
 S. Batesii, S. Mildbraedii, S. dubia, and S. medusula — all 
 Sessiles of the African continent — are linked by many points of 
 resemblance, the most striking being anisophylly; they are 
 referable, in all probabihty, to a relatively recent common 
 ancestry on a line emanating, presumably, from the S. arborea 
 ' Except the doubtful S. bracteolata and S. verticillata. 
 
16 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 all the species of Eusabicea,*' ^ith their mutual affinities as proposed 
 in this monograph, are indicated. The lower circle includes 
 Laxse within its circumference, and the upper, Capitatse. Near 
 the point of contact between these two S. Vogelii lies ; the 
 inflorescence in this species varies from relative laxity to the 
 compactness of a stalked head, with a more or less well-marked 
 involucre. It may be regarded as transitional between the two 
 sections. In the same way S. aspera possesses an inflorescence 
 of varying laxity, and is transitional between Laxse and Sessiles. 
 
 The diagram shows that the American Sessiles are connected 
 upon one continuous shoot of the evolutionary tree which bears 
 all the American Laxse upon its lower branches. The three 
 American Capitatse — S. Trailii, S. mattogrossensis, and S. Trtanae 
 — have manifest affinities with Laxse as represented by S. umhel- 
 lata, S. Mrta, etc. 
 
 Of the subgenus Eusahicea there remain for consideration the 
 Sessiles of Africa (8 spp.) and Madagascar (i spp.) — 12 species 
 in all. These are, as we have seen, more or less isolated in 
 affinity ; but their features of mutual resemblance suggest the 
 possibility of a common ancestry in the Primosabicean stock — 
 except, perhaps, in the case of the large-flowered and imperfectly- 
 known S. speciosissima (PL XII, 40). S. diversifolia of Madagascar 
 and S. arhorea from the neighbouring district of Zanzibar, are 
 similar in their erect habit, general facies and indumentum. We 
 would suggest that 8. arhorea and S. speciosa may be the Sessiles- 
 descendants of a Laxse-line represented by S. parviflora and 
 S. Smithii, two African species on the border between Laxse 
 and Sessiles (see Fig. 3). In a precisely similar way we have 
 proposed that the African Capitatse may be the descendants 
 of a Laxse-line represented by S. Vogelii, which is on the border 
 between Laxse and Capitatse. In the latter case, however, we 
 have been able to suggest the ancestry more remotely in Laxse, 
 tracing it to typical species of that primitive section such as 
 S. venosa and S. discolor. 
 
 S. Batesii, S. Mildbraedii, S. dubia, and S. medusula — all 
 Sessiles of the African continent — are linked by many points of 
 resemblance, the most striking being anisophylly; they are 
 referable, in all probability, to a relatively recent common 
 ancestry on a line emanating, presumably, from the S. arhorea 
 * Except the doubtful S. bracteolata and S. verticiUata. 
 
PRIMOSABICEA 
 
 Fia. 3.— Diagram showing the origin and mutual affinities proposed for the Species of Eusabicea. 
 
 The lnealilf of atch spaitu li 
 ihcKit bf tbt l/pe f/iui;— 
 
 African spp. 
 American spp. 
 Madagascar spp. 
 
 [To face page le, 
 
INTRODUCTION 17 
 
 line just mentioned. The four Madagascar species (Fig. 3) 
 may have arisen similarly. S. speciosissima, our knowledge of 
 which is based upon a single indifferent specimen, may have 
 originated independently as indicated in the diagram. 
 
 Turning now to the subgenus Stipulariopsis, it is suggested 
 that it may have arisen by the operation of a tendency to 
 geophily from forms resembling Eusahicea ; and iS'. Immilis and 
 S. Moorei, we have seen, reflect the actual progress of such a 
 tendency. These two species are, however, American, and they 
 have no manifest connection with S. umhrosa, the only American 
 species included in Stipulariopsis. The non-climbing African 
 species reveal no tendency to geophily ; they are bushes, like 
 S. diversifolia, trees, like S. arhorea, or prostrate herbs, like 
 S. medusula. 
 
 Nor is there manifest relationship between any African 
 species of Eusahicea and any species of Stipulariopsis; and the 
 details of the origin of the latter subgenus must remain in 
 doubt for the present. Its inclusion in Sabicea is justified on 
 the basis of the critical floral characters already enumerated ; 
 and it could be given separate generic rank only upon the 
 inconstant and unsatisfactory ground of vegetative characters 
 and the number of carpels in the ovary. The inflorescence in 
 Stipulariopsis is usually of the Sessiles type, the only manifest 
 exception being ;Si. geantha, in which the inflorescence is lax. 
 For the rest, it will be seen from the figures of the flowers 
 that they are essentially Sabicean in appearance and external 
 structure (see PI. XII). 
 
 The Calyx has proved to be of considerable value in 
 classifying the species. There is a clear distinction between 
 species with calyx-lobes attaining 5 mm. or more in length at 
 an early stage, and accrescent in the fruit, and species in which 
 the lobes are rarely more than about 3 or 4 mm. even in the 
 fruit. Thus, this distinction separates S. carta with short 
 calyx-lobes from S. cinerea with long lobes ; S. venosa from 
 S. Schumanniana ; and several others. This criterion is concerned 
 only with the actual length of the lobes ; relatively to the tube 
 the calyx-lobes are nearly always long and narrow — this being 
 one of the generic characters. Only in a few exceptional cases 
 are the lobes relatively broad or shorter than the tube (see 
 
 c 
 
18 MOXOGEAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 PI. Xir, 58, 97, 99, etc.). It will be seen from the figures that 
 the calyx-lobes are generally linear-oblong to lanceolate, and 
 often markedly acute-acuminate. 
 
 Many of what we may call the secondary, tertiary and higher 
 branch-systems of our evolutionary tree are determined by the 
 size and character of the calyx-lobes. Thus the whole subse- 
 quent branching (see Fig. 3) from the lines leading from 
 Primosahicea respectively to Floribundse, S. venosa, S. paraensis, 
 S. Smithii, etc., determined for the most part by the inflorescence, 
 may be regarded as ; primary branch-systems ; the lines in 
 question are thickened in the diagram. The subsequent- 
 branching from the immediate tributaries of these lines will 
 then be secondary branch-systems ; similarly for the tertiary 
 systems, and so on. To take examples, the species on the 
 branching from the venosa — orientalis-line are characterised by 
 long calyx-lobes. The Sohbii — DiiMagei system exhibits a 
 tendency to blunt, sub-spathulat6 lobes. In the giganfea — 
 Dewevrei system the calyx-lobes are short and broad, and are 
 appreciably shorter than the tube of the limb. In the pilosa — 
 calycina system the lobes tend to a broadly lanceolate or ovate 
 contour, as do also those of the American novogranatensis — 
 mattogrossensis line. The calyx in the paraensis — aspera system 
 is short-lobed ; in the paraensis — mexicana — grisea system it is 
 long-lobed. 
 
 The longer type of calyx-lobes is sometimes subulate (S. diver- 
 sifolia, S. acuminata, S. angustifolia, S. speciosa, S. speciosissima ; 
 subulate-setaceous to setaceous in S. Urbaniana, S. xanthotricha, 
 and S. ferruginea. There is evidence, too, of the evolutionary 
 development of a calyx-Umb with more or less setaceous lobes 
 4-5 mm. long from a typically short-lobed calyx — i.e. in the 
 progress from S. paraensis to S. cuneata, S. setiloba, etc. 
 
 The more important divergences from the typical linear 
 calyx-lobe have been mentioned ; for the rest, the reader is 
 referred to the Plates, in which figures of the flower in the 
 typical cases appear. 
 
 The Corolla. — The range of variation is here less extensive, 
 perhaps, than in the calyx. The most extreme differences are 
 found in the actual size, as already noted (p. 10). There is a 
 certain amount of variety, but not much, in the width of the 
 
INTRODUCTION 19 
 
 corolla-tube and in the amount of widening in passing from the 
 base to the mouth. The ratio between length of lobes and 
 length of tube is never so much as J, the maximum being about 
 J in S. Bohhii (PI. X, 2), in which the corolla-tube is almost 
 funnel-shaped, 3-4 mm. wide at the mouth, and the broad lobes 
 are spreading ; it represents an extreme in this regard. In 
 S. entehbensis, on the other hand, the tube is narrowly cylindrical 
 throughout and the minute lobes are erect (see PL XII, 15), 
 and there are many transitional forms between the two. 
 ***** 
 
 Further, minor points of specific difference, such as shape of 
 leaves and stipules, etc., will appear in the descriptions of the 
 species and in the key, necessarily more or less artificial, which 
 follows. It will be realised that it is impossible to arrange the 
 species in a single continuous series, such that each is between its 
 two nearest allies. The order adopted is based, however, upon 
 the suggested affinities as far as possible. 
 
 c 2 
 
20 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT 
 
 Sabicea Aublet, PI. Guian. i. 192, t. 75, 76, (1775) ; Benth. & 
 Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. 72. Schwenkfelda Schreb. Gen. 123 (1789) ; 
 Willd. Sp. PI. i. 982 (Schwenhfeldia). 
 
 Galycis limbi lobi saepius lineari-oblongi, plus minus elongati, 
 rare subfoliacei, ampli, vel breves et obtusi. Corollae tubus 
 saepius angustus insuper parum ampliatus ; limbi lobi pro rata 
 breves tubi dimidium nee attingentes, valvati. Stamina 4-5 ; 
 antherae lineares, dorse affixae, obtusiusculae, inclusae. Discus 
 annularis, crenulatus. Ovarium subglobosum, saepius 4^5- 
 nonnunquam 2-loculare ; stylus erectus, ramis 3-5 raro 2 erectis 
 linearibus obtusis ; ovula in loculis numerosa, placeutis tumidis 
 ovarii axi affixis. Bacca varia, 3-5 raro 2-locularis, polysperma. 
 Semina minuta, ovoidea v. angulata, testa tenui, albumins 
 carnoso. 
 
 Frutices saepius volubiles, raro repentes vel erecti, interdum 
 suffrutices, rarissime arbores, pilosi, rarissime glabri. Folia 
 opposita, rarissime verticillata. Flores saepius inter minores, in 
 capituKs vel cymis axillaribus. 
 
 Species 106, Madagascariae, Africae et Americae tropicae 
 incolae. 
 
 KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
 
 A Erect shrubs, usually short, often subherbaceous. Leaves at 
 least 20 cm. long when mature. Stipules large, leafy, 
 wholly or partly concealing the dense inflorescence, or 
 the latter apparently oauliflorous. STIPULAEIOPSIS. 
 
 Petiole over 20 cm. long (American) 1. umbrosa. 
 
 Petiole less than 10 cm. long (African). 
 Lateral leaf-veins usually 15 pairs at most; leaves 
 
 narrow, seBsUe, oblanceolate to obovate 2. bicarpellata. 
 
 Lateral leaf-veins usually more than 20 pairs. 
 
 Stipules 7 cm. x 4 cm 3. gigantostipula. 
 
 Stipules less than 4 cm. long, or at any rate never so 
 
 much as 2 • 5 cm. broad. 
 Calyx-lobes linear, subulate to filiform, or setaceous. 
 Corolla 1 • 5 cm. long or less. Inflorescence compact. 
 
 Calyx-lobes hispid with long yellow hairs 4. Urbaniana. 
 
 Calyx-lobes minutely pubescent 5. xanthotricha. 
 
KEY TO THE SPECIES 
 
 21 
 
 Corolla 2'5 cm. long or more. 
 
 Calyx-lobes about 1 cm. loag, flat, linear ; inflor- 
 escence more or less compact 3a. stipularioides. 
 
 Calyx-lobes about 5 mm. long, subulate-seta- 
 ceous. Inflorescence lax 8. geantha. 
 
 Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate. 
 
 Stipules almost glabrous externally, without 
 
 parallel ribs 6. cauliflora. 
 
 Stipules appressedly hairy externally, with pro- 
 minent parallel ribs 7. Hierniana. 
 
 V Scandent shrubs usually, with leaves rarely so much as 
 15 cm. long (except S. Batesii). EUSABICBA. 
 
 B Inflorescence more or less lax in mature flowering stage, 
 its branches or the pedicels apparent ; never a compact 
 and involuorate pedunculate head (lax^). 
 C Partial inflorescences without conspicuous oval or orbi- 
 cular bracts. 
 D Fruiting oalyx-lobes rarely exceeding 4 mm., or if so, 
 more or less setaceous. 
 E Leaves variously hairy, never felted, beneath. 
 
 Corolla-tube less than 15 mm. long, usually 1 cm. 
 at most. 
 Hairs on mature corolla-tube dense, spreading. . . [66. aspera.'] 
 Hairs' on mature corolla-tube more or less 
 scanty, adpressed. 
 Hairs on stem and leaves mostly adpressed, 
 giving smooth, silky aspect ; or scanty if 
 spreading. 
 Bracts inconspicuous or obsolete, rarely 
 manifest, then never connate. 
 Lateral leaf- veins distant, 12 pairs at most 
 (America). 
 
 Erect shrub, 6-10 feet high 9. pana/mensis. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. 
 CoroUa-tube barely 8 mm. long at 
 most. 
 Corolla-tube barely 6 mm. long, 
 
 lobes bearded 'at apex 10. asperula. 
 
 CoroUa-tube 8 mm. long, lobes not 
 
 bearded at apex 11. costaricensis. 
 
 Corolla-tube upwards of 1 cm. long... 12. paraensis. 
 Lateral leaf-veins close, 15 pairs or more 
 
 (Africa) 13. venosa. 
 
 Bracts at base of inflorescence manifest, 
 more or less connate at first. 
 Inflorescence remaining more or less 
 
 compact ; calyx-lobes not setaceous. . . 31. colombiana. 
 Inflorescence becoming very lax; calyx- 
 lobes setaceous 32. umbellata. 
 
 Hairs on stem and leaves dense, patent, 
 giving shaggy aspect. 
 Climbing or straggling shrubs. 
 Peduncles barely as long as inflorescence , 
 
 at most ; bracts 5 mm. long 27. Pearcei. 
 
 Peduncles 2-3 times as long as inflores- 
 cence; bracts over 15 mm. long 28. subinvolucrata. 
 
22 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 Small, erect, subherbaoeous. 
 
 CoroUa-lobes less tban 2 mm. long 29. humilis. 
 
 Corolla-lobes over 4 mm. long 30. Moorei. 
 
 Corolla upwards of 17 mm. long. Calyx-limb 
 
 shortly toothed !*• 'a^'»- 
 
 E' Leaves with manifest felt on lower surface (more or 
 less deciduous in S. mollis and S. orientalis). 
 Calyx-lobes not subsetaoeous (African, except S. 
 erecta). 
 Bracts linear to lanceolate, usually incon- 
 spicuous or obsolete. 
 Corolla narrowly tubular throughout, slender, 
 with minute erect lobes, and dark- 
 coloured .'. -^^' 6wie66ewsis. 
 
 Corolla appreciably widened above, lobes 
 usually patent, flower white or greenish- 
 white. 
 Inflorescenoe remaining relatively compact, 
 peduncle not manifest, or very short. 
 Calyx-lobes not exceeding 2 mm. long ... 13. venosa 
 Calyx-lobes reaching 4 mm. or more. [3. anomala. 
 
 Young parts soft with dense spreading 
 
 hairs, branchlets not arachnoid ... 16. mollis. 
 Young parts smooth with adpressed 
 hairs. 
 Branchlets arachnoid, petioles rarely 
 more than 1-1 -5 cm. 
 
 Ovary densely felted 22. Sm,ithii. 
 
 Ovary hairy, not felted 17. orientalis. 
 
 Branchlets not arachnoid, petioles 
 
 2-8 cm. or longer 18. longepetiolafa. 
 
 Inflorescence becoming lax, difiuse, pedun- 
 culate 19. discolor. 
 
 Bracts (2-3) broadly ovate, manifest. 
 Climbing shrubs (Africa). 
 
 Petiole less than 2 cm. ; felt grey W. cameroonensis. ' 
 
 Petiole 3'5 cm. or more ; felt light brown . 21. pseudocapitellata. 
 
 Erect bush, 8 ft. high (Bolivia) 23. erecta. 
 
 Calyx -lobes very narrow, subsetaceous (America). 
 Peduncle barely as long as the inflorescence. 
 
 Ovary arachnoid-felted 24. cuneata. 
 
 Ovary strigose, not felted 25. setiloha. '■ 
 
 Peduncle 2-3 times as long as the inflorescence 
 
 (2 cm. or more), slender 26. holiviensis. 
 
 D' Fruiting calyx-lobes increasing to 7 mm. long or more, 
 patent, more or leas rigid, and broadly linear to 
 ovate-lanceolate. 
 Stipules over 1 cm. broad ; involucre manifest ; long 
 
 fruiting pedicels (Jamaica) 33. Mr/a. 
 
 Stipules much less than 1 cm. broad. 
 Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, involucre and 
 
 peduncle manifest 34. novo-granatensis. 
 
 Calyx-lobes linear to narrow-lanceolate. 
 Leaves not arachnoid beneath. 
 Corolla more or less uniformly hairy exter- 
 nally, hairs adpressed. 
 
 Corolla 12-15 mm. (Mexico) 35. mexicana. 
 
 Corolla 18-20 mm. (Africa) 37. Schumanniana. 
 
KEY TO THE SPECIES 23 
 
 CoroUa-tubo almost glabrous externally. 
 Corolla-lobes patent, densely bearded, tube 
 
 8-9 mm. long 38. angolensis. 
 
 Corolla-lobes more or less erect, not densely 
 
 bearded, tube 10-15 mm. long 39. Vogelii. 
 
 Leaves with rather scanty but manifest arach- 
 noid indumentum beneath 36. Dewildemaniana. 
 
 C Inflorescence becoming very lax, diffuse, and compound; 
 partial inflorescences associated with conspicuous 
 broad bracts (flobibund^). 
 
 Bracts suborbicular 103. florihunda. 
 
 Bracts narrowly oval, or lanceolate 102. segregata. 
 
 B' Inflorescence and flowers closely sessile in mature flowering 
 stage ; or flowers rarely solitary (sessiles). 
 Calyx-lobes conspicuously subulate or setaceous, usually 
 5 mm. long at least. 
 Corolla 3 cm. long or more. 
 Corolla 10 cm. long, flowers solitary or subsolitary. . . 40. speciosissima. 
 
 Corolla 3-4 cm. long 41. speciosa. 
 
 Corolla less than 2 cm. long. 
 Stipules entire ; leaves mostly obovate, not lengthily 
 
 acuminate ; prostrate herb, rooting along stem . 42. medusula. 
 Stipules laciniate, pectinate, or fimbriate ; leaves 
 lanceolate to ovate, acuminate; erect or sub- 
 erect shrubs, 6 ft. high' or more (Madagascar 
 and Mascarene Islands). 
 Leaves hairy above, never very unequal. 
 
 Leaves subooriaoeous, lanceolate, branohlets 
 
 pubescent, corolla 1 ■ 3-1 5 cm. long 43. acuminata. 
 
 Leaves submembranous, linear-oblong, branoh- 
 lets arachnoid-glabrous, corolla 6-5 mm. 
 
 long 44. angustifolia. 
 
 Leaves arachnoid to glabrous above, very unequal 
 
 in upper twigs — appearing alternate iC. diversifolia. 
 
 Calyx-lobes fiat, appreciably broad. 
 
 Leaves vertioillate, usually 3 in a whorl 105. verticillata. 
 
 Leaves opposite. 
 
 F Calyx-lobes about 5 mm. long, or more, in the 
 flower, accrescent. 
 Stipules laciniate ; leaves at each node very unequal 46. seua. 
 Stipules subentire ; leaves equal at each node, or 
 almost so. 
 Leaves with manifest felt beneath. 
 
 Leaves arachnoid above, otherwise glabrous ; 
 
 bracts conspicuous, subinvolucrate 47. cinerea. 
 
 Leaves variously hairy, not arachnoid, above. 
 Bracts conspicuous, subinvolucrate. 
 Corolla exserted only a few mm. beyond 
 
 the erect calyx-lobes 4S. moUissima. 
 
 Corolla exserted 1 cm. beyond the erect 
 
 calyx-lobes 49. amazonensis. 
 
 Bracts not conspicuous in adult flower. 
 Fruiting calyx-lobes long setaceo-aoumi- 
 
 nate 50. pannosa. 
 
 Fruiting calyx-lobes more or less rigid, 
 linear-oblong, not markedly acumi- 
 nate 51. grisea. 
 
 Leaves not felted beneath 52. Burchellii. 
 
24 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 F' Calyx-lobes less, usually much less, than 5 mm. long 
 in the flower, and not much accrescent. 
 Flowers not solitary. 
 Leaves with a light-coloured felt beneath. 
 Leaves subequal. 
 Inflorescence not felted. 
 
 Corolla-tube 1 cm. long, shaggy with long 
 
 spreading hairs ; young parts rufous ... 53. velutina. 
 Corolla-tube 7 mm. long at most, with scanty 
 adpressed hairs. 
 
 Corolla-tube 7 mm. long 54. Lindmaniana. 
 
 Corolla-tube 3-5 mm. long. 
 Cymes hairy ; coroUa-tube barely 4 mm ; 
 
 small, erect, subherbaoeous 55. camporum. 
 
 Cymes subglabrous ; corolla-tube 5 mm. 56. glomerata. 
 Inflorescence clothed with light-coloured felt. 
 Leaves hairy above, more or less rough. 
 Branchlets arachnoid (America). 
 Erect shrub; calyx-lobes ovate, not 
 
 acuminate 57. brasiliensis. 
 
 Climbing ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, seta- 
 
 ceo-aouminate 59. guianensis. 
 
 Branchlets patent-pilose (Africa) (Smithii.) 
 
 Leaves glabrous above, except sometimes on 
 the midrib, often arachnoid. 
 Twining ^rub ; ovary 4-looular (America) 58. cana. 
 
 Tree; ovary bUooular (Africa) .., 63. wrborea. 
 
 Leaves at each node very unequal (Africa). 
 Leaves hairy above (except in S. Mildbraedii 
 var. glabrescens), mostly less than 15 cm. 
 long, stipules laciniate. 
 Leaves elliptical or oval, 12 cm. x 6 ■ 5 cm. 
 
 at most 60. Mildbraedii. 
 
 Leaves obovate, reaching 15 cm. x 8'5 cm. 61. dubia. 
 Leaves glabrous above, except midrib, 20 cm. 
 
 long or more ; stipules entire 62. Batesii. 
 
 Leaves variously hairy, not felted, beneath. 
 Stipules broadly ovate, often reflexed. 
 Corolla-tube over 1 cm. long, with spread- 
 ing hj^irs throughout 6i. glabrescens. 
 
 Corolla-tube less than 6 mm., glabrate below, 
 
 hairs adpressed above 65. hirsuta. 
 
 Stipules lanceolate, linear, or setaceous, not 
 reflexed. 
 Stipules lanceolate or linear-oblong. 
 
 Climbing shrub 66. aspera. 
 
 Creeping undershrub with prostrate root- 
 
 ingstem 67. parva. 
 
 Stipules setaceous. 
 
 Leaf acute at base (Yucatan) 68 . flagenioides. 
 
 Leaf rounded at base usually (Africa) ... 69. pa/rviflora. 
 Flowers solitary or subsolitary, with 2 bracteoles 
 
 close under the ovary 104. bracteolata. 
 
KEY TO THE SPECIES 25 
 
 B' Infloresoenoe a compact pedunculate head, invested by a 
 conspicuous involucre (capitate). 
 Leaves variously hairy, never felted, beneath. 
 
 Calyx-lobes linear to narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 
 acute, longer than the tube of the limb. 
 Hairs on calyx-lobes spreading, or if ascending, very 
 dense. 
 Peduncle usually very short ; at most 1-5 cm. 
 Heads upwards of 2 • 5 cm. in diameter. 
 Leaves with subcordate or rounded base, 
 
 petiole 1 ■ 5 cm. at most 70. brevipes. 
 
 Leaves with acute base, petiole elongate, to 
 3 cm. or more. 
 Involucral bracts rarely exceeding 1 cm. 
 
 broad, longer than broad 71. Gilletii. 
 
 Involucral bracts over 2 cm. broad, broader 
 
 than long 72. tchapensis. 
 
 Heads not more than 1 • 5 cm. in diameter. 
 
 CoroUa-lobes very short 88. Talbotii. 
 
 Corolla-lobes half as long as the tube 89. fulva. 
 
 Peduncle 2 cm. long or more. 
 
 Climbing shrub, leaves about 12 cm. x 5 cm. ... 73. Schaeferi. 
 Prostrate herb, rooting along stem ; leaves 
 
 about 4 cm. x 2 cm 77. geophiloides. 
 
 Hairs on calyx-lobes adpressed closely, more or less 
 scanty. 
 
 Peduncle 5 mm. long 95. Duparquetiaim. 
 
 Peduncle 2-2-5 cm. long 96. Bobbii. 
 
 Calyx-lobes shortly oblong, very obtuse, often spathu- 
 late, not longer than the tube of the limb, with 
 closely adpressed hairs or glabrate. 
 Heads nearly 2 cm. in diameter; peduncles very 
 
 short 97. trigemina. 
 
 Heads less than 1 cm. in diameter ; peduncles over 
 1-5 cm. long. 
 Peduncles hairy. Corolla-lobes 3-4 mm. long or 
 
 more 98. Laurentii. 
 
 Peduncles glabrate. Corolla-lobes 1 ■ 5 mm. long . 99. Dinklagei. 
 Calyx-lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, or as much as 
 3-4 mm. broad, manifestly longer than tube. 
 Corolla-tube not more than 1 ■ 5 cm. long. 
 Peduncles strigose-hairy, leaves mostly acute at 
 
 base (America) 80. mattogrossensis. 
 
 Peduncles glabrous or nearly so, leaves mostly 
 cordate or rounded at base (Africa) . 
 Climbing shrub 10-15 feet high, flowers white... 83. caVycina. 
 
 Creeping undershrub 1-2 feet, flowers pink 84. Barteri. 
 
 Corolla-tube 2'5-3-cm. long 78. pilosa. 
 
 Calyx-lobes triangular or ovate, or broadly lanceolate, 
 manifestly shorter than tube. 
 
 Involucre barely 1 cm. in diameter (America) 79. Trailii. 
 
 Involucre over 2 cm. in diameter; calyx-limb a 
 toothed tube (Africa). 
 Climbing shrub; branohlets and peduncles with 
 
 long spreading hairs 100. Dewevrei. 
 
 Large tree; branchlets and peduncles glabrous ... 101. gigantea. 
 
26 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA. 
 
 Leaves with manifest felt on the lower surface (more or 
 less deciduous in S. rufa). 
 Leaves not perfectly glabrous above, at any rate not 
 on mid-rib ; young leaves hairy above. 
 
 Calyx-lobes narrowly oval (America) 81. Trianae. 
 
 Calyx-lobes linear, lanceolate, filiform, or minute 
 (Africa). 
 Fruiting calyx-lobes manifest, at least 2-3 mm. 
 long. 
 Calyx-lobes not subfiliform ; head rarely more 
 than 2 cm. in diameter in flowering stage. 
 Mature peduncles but sparsely hairy, or 
 glabrate, or minutely pubescent, never 
 felted. 
 Peduncles rarely more than 2 cm., rigid, 
 
 sparsely hairy ; corolla hairy 74. ingrata. 
 
 Peduncles 3 cm. or longer, glabrate, slender, 
 
 curved; corolla glabmus 75. gracilis. 
 
 Mature peduncles densely hairy, or felted. 
 Involucre over 1 cm. deep ; peduncle over 
 2 cm. 
 Hairs on bran chlets closely adpressed .... 85. composita. 
 Branchlets densely clothed with spread- 
 ing red hairs 86. hrunnca. 
 
 Involucre not more than 7 mm. deep. 
 Peduncles seldom so much as 1 cm. long, 
 calyx-lobes rarely so much as 3-5 
 
 mm. (sometimes 4-5 in var.) 87. capitellata. 
 
 Peduncles 5-6 cm. long, calyx-lobes 
 
 accrescent to 7 mm. in the fruit 90. Johnstonii. 
 
 Calyx-lobes subfiliform, elongate (over 1 cm.) 
 
 curling; head 3-4 cm. in diameter 76. ferruginea. 
 
 Fruiting calyx-lobes minute (less than 1 mm.), 
 
 densely bearded 82. mfa. 
 
 Leaves perfectly glabrous above, even on the veins ; 
 
 young leaves glabrous or arachnoid, never hairy, 
 
 above. 
 
 Peduncles and branchlets arachnoid-felted or 
 
 glabrous. 
 
 Calyx-lobes short, tooth-like in the flower, early 
 
 strongly reflexed and adpressed to ovary 91. pedicellata. 
 
 Calyx-lobes lanceolate, not reflexed. 
 
 Corolla arachnoid-glabrous externally, fruits 
 
 with conspicuous pedicels 92. lanuginosa. 
 
 Corolla densely hairy externally, fruits sub- 
 sessile 93. brachiata. 
 
 Peduncles and branchlets hairy, not felted 94. cruciata. 
 
 Subgenus I. STIPULARIOPSIS Wernham. 
 
 Frutices parvi saepe subherbacei nee scandentes ; folia magna 
 20 cm. longa v. longiora, stipuUs magnis f oliaceis ; inflorescentia 
 saepius dense conferta sessilis v. subsessilis multiflora, axillaris 
 V. lateralis cauliflora, raro laxiuscula ; ovarium saepius biloculare. 
 
STIPULAEIOPSIS 27 
 
 1. S. umbrosa Wernham. 
 
 Suffrutex caule procumbente ca. 1-pedalis ; foliis paucis 
 magnis ellipticis, utrinque angustatis, ad ca. 27 cm. X 15 cm., 
 subcarnosis, utrinque nisi subtus in venis pubescentibus glabris, 
 venis secundariis utrinque 15-22, petiolo ad 25 cm. elongate, 
 glabrato ; florihus candidissimis in verticillis subsessilibus con- 
 fertis, basibus a bract eis latis in satis plurimis ad 2 cm. v. longio- 
 ribus fimbriatis occlusis ; corollae extus glabrae tubo insuper 
 ampliato, ad 4 cm. longo, lobis oblongis subacutis ca. 8 mm. 
 longis (Pl.I, 1). 
 
 Colombia : Antioquia, in the deep shade of the forest, at 3000 ft., 
 Kalhreyer 1837 I Hb. Kew. 
 
 Remarkable for the great length attained by the petiole. It is the 
 only New World representative of the subgenus. 
 
 2. S. bicarpellata K. Sebum., in Engl. Bot. Jabrb. xxxiii. 
 337 (1903). 
 
 Suffrutex erectus caule brevi simplice lignoso ; foliis ad 
 22 cm. X 6 cm. oblanceolatis ad obovatis sessilibus, venis 
 secundariis distantibus, stipulis majusculis ; ivflorescentia in 
 foliorum axillis fasoiculata ; calycis totius 3 mm. longi lobis subu- 
 latis ; corollae albae lobis 3 mm. subulatis ; ovario bicarpellato. 
 
 Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker 1041 ! Kribi, Mildbraed 5905 I Hbb. 
 Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Boiss., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Notable for the long, crowded, sessile leaves, oblanceolate in 
 contour, being gradually narrowed from the broad, rounded, distal 
 portion to the base, with large leafy stipules. 
 
 3. S. prigantostipula K. Sebum., in Engl. Bot. Jabrb. xxxiii. 
 337 (1903). 
 
 Suffrutex erectus ad 10-pedalis, caulibus paucis lignosis; foliis 
 inter maxima, plerumque oblanceolatis, petiolatis, venis secundariis 
 pluribus approximatis, stipulis maximis 7 cm. x 4 cm. inflores- 
 centias subsessiles fasciculatas occludentibus ; calycis lobis oblongo- 
 lanceolatis acutis ad 8 mm. longis ; corolla ad 2 ■ 2 cm. longa 
 (PI. XII). 
 
 S. Nigeria : Oban, Talbot 259 I Cameroons : Biisgen 451 ! Leder- 
 mann 595 1 Bipinde, Zenker 2474 1 Dinhlage 1011 1 Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Berol. 
 
 The leaves and stipules attain the largest size of any in the genus, 
 and their dense aggregation upon the shoot presents a striking 
 appearance. 
 
 3a. S. stipularioides Wernham. 
 
 Verisimiliter frutex erectus ; foliis inter maximis obovatis 
 yix acuminatis basi angustatis utrinque nisi subtus obscure in 
 venis sparse sericeo-strigosis glabris, stipulis ovatis majusculis 
 
28 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEi 
 
 extus sparse pilosis ; florihiis pedicellatis in cyinis alaribus multi- 
 floris arete confertis ; calycis subglabri lobis linearibus complanatis 
 acutis inter longiores ; corollae extus glabrae tubo longiusculo 
 insuper parum ampliato, lobis brevissimis late triangularibus 
 (PI. XII). 
 
 Cameroons : Batanga, Bates 423 ! Hb. Mus. Brit. 
 
 The specimen bears but one mature leaf, and this is about 
 40 cm. X 15 cm., with a rather woody stalk 7 cm. long, and about 
 25-30 secondary veins on either side ot the midrib. Stipules 3'5 
 cm. X 2 cm. Calyx-lohes nearly 1 cm. long; corolla-tuhe 2-5 cm. 
 long. 
 
 Near S. gigantostipula K. Schum. but distinct in the shape of the 
 calyx-lobes and size of the corolla (PI. XII) . 
 
 4. S. Urbaniana Wernham. 
 
 Suffrutex erectus ad 8-pedalis, caule simplice lignoso ; foliis 
 inter maxima, venis secundariis pluribus approximatis, stipulis 
 inter majores foliaceis ; inflorescentiis fasciculatis sessilibus cauli- 
 floris ; calycis lobis longis subulatis, pilis patentibus hispidis ; 
 corolla inter breviores ; ovario bicarpellato (PI. XII). 
 
 Fernando Po, 1950-3900 ft. : Mildbraed 7041 1 Hb. Berol. 
 
 The stem is more or less hispid with short spreading hairs, and 
 glabrescent. The elliptic leaves are about 20 cm. long and 14 cm. 
 broad, shortly acuminate, with 25-30 pairs of lateral veins ; hispid on 
 both sides with rather sparse, spreading yellowish hairs, more densely 
 on the margin and veins below. The midrib and petiole are densely 
 hairy, the latter about 4-5 cm. long. Stipules membranous, broadly 
 lanceolate, 5'5 cm. x 2 cm., sparsely and locally pubescent on the 
 outside. Flowers white, many together in globular sessile clusters. 
 The subulate or setaceous calyx-segments attain more than 1 cm. in 
 length, almost equalling the coroUa, with tube about 1 ■ 5 cm. long, 
 silky pubescent externally in the upper half, glabrate in the lower ; 
 lobes lanceolate, not much more than 1 mm. long. 
 
 5. S. xanthotrieha Wernham, in Cat. Talb. Niger. PL 42 
 (1913). 
 
 Frutex erectus mediocris ; foliis late ellipticis ad 45 cm. x 18 
 cm., venis secundariis utrinque 24 nee valde approximatis, 
 stipulis ovatis 2 • 7-3 • 4 cm. x 1 ' 2-2 • 2 cm. foliaceis ; inflorescentiis 
 fasciculatis sessilibus caulifloris ; calycis lobis ca. 1 cm. setaceis 
 minute pubescentibus ; corolla 1 • 5 cm. longa extus glabra (PI. 
 XI, 1-4). 
 
 5. Nigeria: Oha.n, Talbot 249 I Hb. Mus. Brit. 
 
 6. S. eauliflora Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 77 (1877). 
 
 Frutex erectus ; foliis inter majores, venis secundariis utrinque 
 ad ca. 23, stipulis ca. 2 • 8 cm. x 1 ' 5 cm. extus glabratis nee 
 
STIPULAEIOPSIS 29 
 
 parallele costatis ; inflorescentiis fasciculatis sessilibus caulifloris ; 
 calycis lobis brevibus lanceolatis ; ovario bicarpellato. 
 
 St. Thomas Island, 5000-8000 ft.: Mann\ Hb. Kew. Moller 2! 
 Hb. Berol. 
 
 Two specimens in the Kew herbarium bear the name S. 1 cauliflora, 
 both collected by Mann, one in St. Thomas Island, the other near the 
 Gaboon River. These appear to be quite distinct. In the former, to 
 which I propose to assign the name S. cauliflora, the leaves are 
 conspicuously hairy on both sides, while the ovate membranous 
 stipules are almost glabrous when mature. The hairs on the young 
 parts and petioles are spreading and more or less shaggy. It appears, 
 moreover, to be a montane species, in contrast with the other, which 
 occurs at no great elevation, and for which I propose the name 
 S. Hierniana. 
 
 7. S. Hierniana Wernham. 
 
 Frutex erectus ; foliis coriaceis ad 37 cm. x 18 cm., utrinque 
 nisi in venis fere glabris, venis secundariis utrinque ca. 24, 
 stipulis 3 • 5 cm. x 1 cm. sericeis, venis prominentibus pilosis 
 parallelis ; inflorescentiis abbreviatis fasciculatis caulifloris; calycis 
 lobis lanceolatis breviusculis ; ovario bicarpellato. 
 
 Gaboon River : Mann 918 1 Hb. Kew. Libreville, Klaine 1929 1 
 Hb. Mus. Paris. Fernando Po, 600-800 ft. ^ Mildbraed 62881 Hb. 
 Berol. 
 
 Rather less than 10 ft. high, leaves obovate or oblanceolate, 
 scarcely acuminate, glabrous except for the silky veins seen from the 
 lower surface, manifestly larger and of firmer texture than in the 
 previous species. Petiole sparsely and appresaedly hairy, about 
 2 cm. long. Stipules tough, lanceolate, acuminate. Calyx-lobes 
 1-2 mm. long. 
 
 8. S. geantha Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 78 (1877). 
 
 Frutex erectus 10-pedalis ; foliis ca. 28 cm. x 13 cm., glabris, 
 venis secundariis utrinque ca. 25, petiolo 3-4 cm., stipulis ovato- 
 triangularibus extus glabris 3-4 cm. X l"0-2 cm., acuminatis ; 
 inflorescentiis laxiusculis prope caulis basin lateralibus ; florum 
 pedicellis gracilibus ad 9 mm. ; calycis lobis subulatis v. setaceis 
 ca. 4-6 mm. longis ; corolla 1 • 8 cm.-2 • 5 cm. longa extus glabra, 
 lobis ovatis obtusis ; ovario bicarpellato (PI. XII). 
 
 Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann 1728 ! Hbb. Kew., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Remarkable for the complete glabrousness of the leaves, which 
 extends even to the veins, petioles, and stipules — a rare feature in 
 this genus. 
 
30 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 Subgenus II. EUSABICEA Wemham. 
 
 Frutices saepius scanclentes raro erecti, rarissime lierbae 
 repentes v. arbores ; folia medioora longifcudine 15 cm. nisi in 
 sectione Floribundis nonnunquam vix ad 20 cm. rarissime 
 excedentia ; ovarium saepius 4-5-loculare, rarissime bicarpellatum. 
 
 Sectio i. LaxjE Wernham. 
 
 Inflorescentia in maturitate plus minus laxa, ejus ramulis vel 
 pedicellis manifestis, nunquam capitulata involucrata necnon 
 pedunculata. 
 
 9. S. panamensis Wernham. 
 
 Frutex erectus 6-10-pedalis ramulis dense et appresse flavo- 
 sericeis ; foliis ovalibus vix acuminatis apice valde obtuso ca. 
 7-8 cm. X 3' 5-4 cm., supra sparsim longiuscule strigosis subtus 
 pariter nisi in venis prominentibus sericeo-strigosis indutis, 
 petiolo 1-1 ■ 5 cm. longo, -siipulis ovatis subacutis ca. 8 mm. x 
 4 mm. ; infloresceniia laxiuscula densissime fJavo-strigosa 2-3 cm. 
 diam. attingente, pedunculo pro rata brevi (ca. 5-10 mm.), 
 hracteis lanceolatis 2-3 connatis vix subinvolucrantibus nee 
 saepe conspicuis ; florihus candidis inter minores pedicello ad 
 8 mm. V. longiore accrescente ; calycis lobis linearibus demum 
 patentibus vix 3 mm. longis ; corollae extus strigosae tubo ca. 
 6-8 mm., lobis lanceolatis acutis 2*5 mm. longis apice barbate 
 (PI. XII). 
 
 Panama : Chagres, Fendler 181 ! Hb. Kew. 
 
 10. S. asperula Wernham. Manettia asperula Ball, in Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. xxii. 142 (1886). 
 
 Frutex alte scandens ramulis dense sericeo-strigosis ; foliis 
 ovalibus breviuscule acuminatis 9-12 cm. x 4-4 -5 cm., supra 
 sparsim longiuscule strigosis, subtus pariter nisi in venis dense 
 strigosis indutis, venorum lateralium paribus 10 raro exeedentibus, 
 stipulis latis ovatis v. subrotundis ; infloresceniia laxiuscula ca. 
 1'5 cm. diam. sericeo-strigosa, pedunculo ad l'5-2 cm., hracteis 
 paucis linearibus nee involucrantibus ; calycis lobis ad 3-4 mm. 
 saepius patentibus linearibus subsetaceis ; corollae tubo extus 
 sparsiuscule strigoso vix 6 mm. longo, laciniis lanceolatis acutis 
 2 • 5 mm. apice barbatis ; hacca sparse patente piloso ca. 6 mm. 
 diam. a calycis laciniis ad 5 mm. accretis coronata (PI XII). 
 
 Colombia : Shady places, coast near Buenaventura, Ball 1 Hb. Kew. 
 A distinct species, characterised chiefly by its small corolla with 
 bearded lobes. 
 
EUSABICEA 31 
 
 11. S. eostarieensis Wernham. 
 
 Frutex verisimiliter subscandens, ramulis novellis dense flavo- 
 sericeis deinde sparsim appressiuscule pilosis demum glabrescen- 
 fcibus ; foltis ellipticis v. oblongis acuminatis ad ca. 12 cm. x 
 4'3 cm. apice subacute, basi saepius subcordatis, supra nisi in 
 venis saepius impressis strigillosis glabratis, subtus pariter nisi 
 in venis prominentibus flavo-strigosis indufcis, petiolo dense strigoso 
 ad 1 • 5 cm. longo, stipulis ovali-oblongis 1 cm. X 8 mm. exceden- 
 tibus, apice rotundato ; inflorescentia laxiuscula vix 2 cm. diamefcvo, 
 hracteis paucis nee involucrantibus lanceolatis ad ovalibus, his 
 acuminatis obtusis ad 7 mm. x 4 mm., pedunculo nee manifesto 
 vel ad 5 mm. longo ; calycis lobis latiusculis oblongis flore vix 
 3 mm. longis fere glabris ; corollae extus sparsim strigillosae tubo 
 cylindraceo vix 8 mm. longo, lobis patentibus 2 ram. longis apice 
 nee barbatis ; ovario dense flavo-strigoso (PI. XII). 
 
 Costa Bioa : Buenos Aires, in hedges, Pittier 6712 1 and on the 
 Savannah, Pittier 4025 ! Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Boiss., Brux. Pittier 
 2904 1 (Hb. Mus. Brit.), from woods about the bay of Salinas, probably 
 is referable to this species ; but the specimen bears no corollas. 
 
 Near 8. asperula, from which it is distinguished chiefly by the size 
 and indumentum of the corolla; and S. colombiana, in which the 
 bracts are much larger and subiuvolucrate, and the calyx-lobes longer. 
 The flower-buds in the present species are characteristic, being very 
 stout, oblong or spindle-shaped, acuminate and subacute, and densely 
 covered with yellow silky appressed hairs. 
 
 12. S. paraensis Wernham. S. umbellata Vers. Ya,r. paraensis 
 K. Schum., in Mart. FI. Bras. VI. vi. 304 (1889). 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis strigosis ; foliis majusculis ca. 1 1— 
 1 2 cm. X 5 cm. ovatis acuminatis, petiolo ca. 1 cm. longo, venis 
 10-12 paribus subdistantibus supra sparsissime hirto-puberulis 
 V. glabratis subtus pariter nisi in venis prominentibus appresse 
 strigosis indutis, , stipulis oblongo-ovatis ca. 1 cm. x 6-7 mm. ; 
 inflorescentia inter laxiores sparsiuscule strigosa, ad 2-3 cm. 
 longa x 4-5 cm. lata, pedunculo 1-1-5 cm. longo, hracteis incon- 
 spicuis nee involucrantibus ; calycis lobis flore vix 2 mm. longis 
 subsetaceis nee 3 mm. excedentibus ; corollae extus sparsiuscule 
 strigosae tubo gracili ca. 1 cm. longo insuper vix ampliato lobis 
 erectis oblongo-linearibus vix 2 mm. longis ; hacca pisiformi 
 sparse appresse strigosa (PI. XII). 
 
 Brasil : Jurua Miry, Amazonas prov. Ule 5669 ! Peru : Sarayacu, 
 Oastelnau ! Hbb. Kew., Berol., Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 The exinvolucrate inflorescence, and much larger flowers with 
 smaller calyx-lobes, distinguish this species sharply from jS. umhellata. 
 The name and synonymy adopted above is based on the plant quoted, 
 which bears the varietal name in Schumann's own writing. According 
 to the account in the Flora Brasiliensis {],oc. cit.), the same species 
 
32 MONOSRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 occurs in the vicinity of Para (Martius), in Peru {Poeppig 1939) and 
 also in Venezuela ; but I have had no opportunity of examining the 
 specimens in question. 
 
 13. S. venosa Benth., in Hook. Niger FI. 399 (1849). 
 S. Kolbeana Buttner, in Verh. Bet. Ver. Brand, xxxi. 78. 
 S. affinis De Wild, in Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. V. i. 77. 
 
 Frutex scandens ad 19— 23-pedalis ramulis sparse strigosis; 
 foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis ca. 8-9 cm. x 4-5 cm.., petiolo ad 
 2'5 cm., supra scabrello-pubescentibus v. glabratis, subtus pax'iter 
 nisi in venis approximatis 15 paribus v. plurimis strigosis indutis, 
 stipulis ovalibus pro rata parvis vix 8 mm. X 4 mm. ; florihus 
 albidis v. dilute brunneis v. flavo-viridibus ; inflorescentia laxiuscula 
 ramulis strigosis v. glabrescentibus nee 2-3 cm. toto excedente, 
 hracteis lanceolatis plerumque obtusis ad 8-9 mm. longis nee 
 conspicuis nee involucrantibus ; calycis lobis lanceolatis ad ovatis 
 plerumque obtusis vix 4 mm. attingentibus ; corollae extus 
 sparsiuscule strigillosae tubo 8—9 mm. lobis lanceolatis acutis 
 vix 2 mm. ; hacca alba strigillosa glabrescente 7-8 mm. in diam., 
 succo rubro (PI. XII). 
 
 Senegambia : Karkandy, Heudelot 821 1 Sierra Leone : Afzelius ! 
 Don ! Scott Elliot 5276 1 Smeathmann I Smythe 55 I Liberia : Dink- 
 lage 2224 ! Ivory Coast : Jolly 97 (in part) ! Cameroons : Buea, 
 Preuss 872a 1 Beder 1154 1 Yaunde, Zenker 675 1 719 1 Congo : 
 Quango E., Buttner 440 I French Congo, damp places, Lecomte C 92 ! 
 C 99 ! Bangala, Demeuse 261 ! Bumba, Pynaert 42 1 Sabuka, E. d M. 
 Laurent 1 Lukombe, etc., Kasai, in manihot plantations, Sapin Y 34 1 
 LeopoldvUle, Alla/rd 146 1 Kisantu, Gillet 159 1 357 I 1390 ! Vanderyst 1 
 Djuma Valley, Gillet 2760! 2779! Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., 
 Boiss., Brux., De Cand., Deless., Holm., Mus. Paris. 
 
 A variable species. S. Kolbeana, founded on Buttner 440, 
 appears distinct at first sight on the grounds of differences in the 
 indumentum and looser venation ; but the transitional features dis- 
 played by other examples of S. venosa lead me to regard Buttner's 
 plant as no more than a form of S. venosa. I have examined the 
 type-specimens of S. affinis at Brussels, and they are clearly of the 
 same species as typical 8. venosa. The advent of more material may, 
 however, reveal the presence of more than one species among the 
 specimens available at present. The description on the label of 
 E. & M. Laurent's Sabuka plant — "petit a/rbre le long des rivieres 
 - . . " — is suggestive; but the specimen as it stands is inseparable 
 from S. venosa. Allard's Leopoldville plant bears, as a common 
 name, the words " Modila Dila." 
 
 Var. anomala Wemham. 
 
 Foliis subtus discoloribus, lanugine laevi griseo indutis, calycis 
 lobis brevissimis. 
 
 Congo : Eala, Pynaert 515 (in part)* ! Bouga, Sanga R., Schlechter 
 126581 River-banks, Lolika, Mosseka, Chevalier 50691 Hbb. Mus. 
 Brit., Kew., Berol., Brux., De Cand., Mus. Paris. 
 * See S. pseiidocapitellata, no. 21. 
 
EUSABICEA 33 
 
 1 4. S. laxa We.mham. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis appresse strigosis ; foliis fere ad 
 15 cm. X 5 cm. ellipticis saepe oblongis utrinque angustatis 
 longiuscule acuminatis obtuso apice, utrinque nisi in venis sparse 
 appresse strigosis glabratis, petiolo saepius ad 4 • 5 cm. elongate, 
 stipulis late triangularibus reflexis ; infloresceniia laxa sparse 
 appresse pilosa, pedunculo communi nee manifesto, hracteis lanceo- 
 latis inconspicuis nee involucrantibus ; floribus candidis breviter 
 pedicellatis ; ealycis limbi dentibus brevibus nee accrescentibus 
 triangularibus acutis tubum nee superantibus ; corollae extus 
 densiuscule appresse sericeae tube gracili inter longiores ad 
 2 cm. V. longiore, lobis erectis acutis lanceolatis 3 mm. longis 
 (PL II). 
 
 Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker 4020 I 4072 1 4567 ! Lolodorf, Staudt 
 2371 Up to 2600 ft. Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., BeroL, Brux., D.e Cand. 
 Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Distinguished readily by the lax inflorescence, the long slender 
 silky corolla and short calyx- teeth, and also by the elongated petioles 
 and secondary veins more or less distant. 
 
 15. S. entebbensis Wernbam. 
 
 Erutex scandens parvus ramulis strigosis mox glabratis ; 
 foliis ovalibus ca. 6-7 cm. x 3-3 '5 cm. breviter acuminatis 
 apice subacute, supra scabrello-pubescentibus subtus in venis 
 strigoso-sericeis aliter densiuscule arachnoideo-lanuginosis, petiolo 
 1 cm. longo, stipulis pro rata angustis ovato-lanceolatis 5-6 mm. 
 X 2—2 • 5 mm. ; inflorescentia inter laxas strigillosa, hracteis 
 nee conspicuis ; ealycis lobis inter brevissimos mox reflexis ; 
 corollae fuscae extus nisi insuper strigillosae glabratae tubo 
 ca. 7 mm. longo insuper nee arapliato. lobis minutiusculis erectis 
 (PL XII). 
 
 Uganda : Entebbe, 3900 ft.. Brown 296 1 Hb. Kew. 
 Distinct in the lanceolate stipules and the small dark-coloured 
 flowers with short calyx-lobes and tubular corolla with very small lobes. 
 
 16. S. mollis K. Sebum. MS. S. venosa Bentb. var. villosa 
 K. Sebum., in Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. II. i. fasc. 2, p. 31 (1900). 
 
 Prutex scandens ramulis pilorum patentum indumento moUi 
 villosis nee arachnoideis ; foliis ovalibus ad 8-9 cm. x 4 cm. 
 basi saepius obtusis, apice obtuso, breviter acuminatis, petiolo 
 villoso vix 1 cm. longo, utrinque qua ramuli praesertim subtus 
 in venis molliter villosis, subtus in juventute etiam minute 
 arachnoideo-lanuginosis ; inflorescentia molliter villosa inter ,laxi- 
 ores tamen compactiuscula, pedunculo communi saepius manifesto, 
 hracteis dum adsint lanceolatis nee conspicuis ; ealycis lobis 
 lineari-oblongis mox ad 4 mm. accrescentibus ; corolla vix 
 
 D 
 
34 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 6-7 mm. longa pallide violacea exfcus nisi in lobis sparsim 
 barbatis glabra, tubo insuper ampliato ; hacca sparse pilosa 
 globosa ad 1 cm. diam., pedicello gracillimo ad 5 mm. (PL XII). 
 
 Frencli Congo : Ogooue, N'jobe, TJiollon 104 ! Aohouka, DyhowsM 
 157 I Congo : Bingila, woods, Dupuis ! Bakulu, Claessens 113 1 Lu- 
 sombo, Claessens 1611 Kasai, Pogge 9811 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew.', 
 Berol., Brux., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Dupuis' plant cited above is the type of K. Schumann's variety of 
 S. venosa {supra). I have examined all the available material, and it 
 seems clear that the indumentum, venation, and calyx-characters 
 justify the complete separation of this plant from S. venosa, and its 
 inclusion in the same species with Pogge's Kasai plant. The latter is 
 S. mollis K. Schum. MS. ; and it is appropriately named, beiag readily 
 identifiable by the soft velvety indumentum which covers the leaves, 
 branohlets, and inflorescenoe-axes. 
 
 17. S. orientalis "Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis pilis appressis laevibus saepius etiam 
 arachnoideis ; foliis ovalibus v. oblongis 7 cm. x 3 cm. ad 
 10 cm. X 4 "5 cm. basi rotundatis v. obtusis, petiole 1-1 '5 cm. 
 nonnunquam ad 2*5 cm. arachnoideo, acutis acuminatis, supra 
 scabrello-pubescentibus, infra plus minus arachnoideo-lanuginosis, 
 stipulis late ovatis subacutis reflexis ; injiorescentia laxiuscula 
 inter tamen compactiores appresse pilosa pedunculo brevissimo 
 V. saepius ooculto v. obsolete, bracteis inconspicuis ; floribus albis 
 prime brevissime pedicellatis ; calycis lebis ad 3-4 mm. lanceolatis 
 acutis acuminatis ; corollae extus sparse strigosae tube insuper 
 ampliato vix 1 cm., lobis erectis anguste lanceolatis ca. 2 mm. 
 longis (PI. I, 2-5). 
 
 Congo: Mongala E., thickets, 1430 ft., Thonner 202! German 
 E. Africa : Kilimanjaro, Derema, Volkens 133 1 E. Usambara, Engler 
 675 1 676 ! 709 1 Amani, Braun 1986 ! Zimmermann 40 1 107 I Uluguru, 
 Goetze 2091 Stuhlmann 88721 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., 
 Boiss., Brux. 
 
 The locality of Thonner's Congo plant is very isolated from the 
 rest, and the flowers are said to be " jaunes, rouge^tres a I'exterieur." 
 It may be a western variety, but I can find no critical characters in 
 the available material to separate it from the East African species. 
 
 18. S. longepetiolata De Wild., in Ann. Mus. Congo, Sev. V. 
 i. 78 (1903-1906). 
 
 Suffrutex scandens ramulis laevibus sericeo-strigesis neo 
 arachnoideis, demum glabris ; foliis ovalibus 6-7 cm. x 3-3 • 5 cm. 
 acuminatis basi saepius acutis, supra scabrello-pubescentibus 
 subtusarachnoideo-tementosis, jjeiioZo graciLiad2-3 cm.v.lengiore, 
 stipulis ovatis acutis ; injiorescentia laxiuscula inter tamen com- 
 pactiores strigesa saepius subsessili, bracteis baud manifestis ; 
 
EUSABIOEA. 35 
 
 calycis lobis lanceolatis ad 4 mm. attingentibus ; corolla inter 
 breviores tubo insuper ampliato ; hacca albida succo purpureo. 
 
 Congo : Kimuenza, Oillei 2179 1 Mildbraed 3701 1 Lukolela, 
 KriehelsX Hbb. Berol., Brux. 
 
 19. S. discolor Stapf, in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvii. 105 
 (1905). 
 
 Frutex volubilis alte scandens, ramulis breviter plus minus 
 appresse pubescentibus demum glabris ; foliis ovalibus ca. 
 9 cm. X 4 ■ 5 cm. acuminafcis subacutis basi saepius subrotundis, 
 petiolo elongate ad 2-4 cm., supra scabrello-pubescentibus, subtus 
 argenteis dense araneoso-tomentosis, venis utrinque 12-16 con- 
 spicuis nonnunquam dilute roseis, stipulis ovatis acuminatis ; 
 ci/mis plus minus appresse hirsutis demum inter laxissimaSj 
 hracteis lanceolatis ca. 5 mm. longis, pedunculo manifesto ad 
 1 • 5-2 cm. longo ; calycis lobis ovato-lanceolatis obtusis flore vix 
 1 ■ 5 mm. neo unquam ca. 2 ■ 5 mm. excedentibus ; corollae saepe 
 roseae extus sparsissime hirsutae tubo insuper leniter ampliato 
 8 mm. longo, lobis triangularibus acutis patentibus ca. 2 mm. 
 longis, bacca albida (PI. XII). 
 
 Liberia : Since Basin and Monrovia, Whyte 1 Dinklage 2188 ! 2476 ! 
 Grola, Bunting ! Mt. Barclay, Bunting 28 ! Ivory Coast : Borobo, 
 Chevalier 17664 1 Bingerville, Chevalier 15343 1 Gold Coast : Murphy 
 679 1 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Var. j3. laxothypsa Wernham. 
 
 Planta pUis densioribus longioribus patentibus ; foliis majori- 
 bus ad 12 cm. X 5 cm. ; inflorescentia saepius laxiore, floribus 
 paucioribus. 
 
 Liberia: Grand Bassa, in moist soil, DireSZagre 1902 1 1903! Hbb. 
 Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol. 
 
 20. S. eameroonensis Wernham. 
 
 Erutex scandens ramulis pubescentibus junioribus araneosis ; 
 foliis ellipticis ca. 8 cm. X 4 cm. vix acuminatis acutis, petiolo 
 vix ad 1 ■ 5 cm. longo, supra asperulo-pubescentibus, subtus in 
 venis sericeo-strigosis aliter dense araneoso-velutinis, stipulis late 
 ovalibus reflexis ; inflorescentia dense sericea laxiuscularum inter 
 compactiores, pedunculo ca. 5 mm. longo, a bracteis manifestis 
 late ellipticis subinvolucrantibus ca. 3 mm. x 2 ■ 5 mm. 2-3 sub- 
 tensa ; calycis lobis lanceolatis nee setaceis, nee 3 • 5 mm. exceden- 
 tibus ; corollae tubo extus infra glabrato insuper sparsiuscule 
 strigoso 7-8 mm. longo, lobis extus appresse albido-sericeis 
 lanceolatis ca. 1 mm. longis (PL XII). 
 
 Cameroons : Molundu, Mildbraed 4711 1 3000 ft. Hb. Berol. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 21. S. pseudoeapitellata Wemham. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis novellis dense flavo-sericeis nee 
 araneosis tarda glabrescentibus ; ,foliis late ellipticis v. oblongis 
 ca. 10 cm. X 5 '5 cm., breviter acuminatis acutis basi saepius 
 angustatis, supra sparsim hirtis, subtus discoloribus lanugine 
 minuto denso dilute brunneo indutis, venis subtus conspicuis 
 fuscis sericeis utrinque secundariis 11-14, petiolo subelongato 
 ad 3 • 5 cm., stipulis late ovatis acutis reflexis ca. 5 mm. X 5 mm. ; 
 fioribiis in cymis laxiorum inter compactiores multifloris, hracteis 
 paucis ovatis ad 7 mm X 3"5 mm. praesertim in juventute sub- 
 involucrantibus demum deciduis, pedunculo ad 8-9 mm. dense 
 sericeo ; calycis lobis lineari-lanceolatis ad 4 mm. longis ; corollae 
 tubo gracili 7 • 5 mm. extus infra glabro insuper strigilloso, lobis 
 lanceolatis 1 mm. longis ; ovario dense flavo-sericeo. 
 
 Congo : Eala, Pynaert 515 (in part) 1 Hb. Brux. 
 
 With the general appearance of S. cajaitellata, this species is 
 readily distinguished by the inflorescence, which is not a close 
 capitulum with an involucre. The nearest af&nity is apparently 
 S. earner oonensis, which differs in the indumentum of the leaves and 
 branchlets, and in the short petioles. 
 
 22. S. Smithii Wernham. 
 
 Frutex volubilis ramulis gracilibus patente pilosis necnon 
 arachnoideis ; foliis ellipticis ad 7 • 5-8 cm. X 3 • 5-4 cm. utrinque 
 acuminatis acutis, supra asperulo-pubescentibus subtus dense 
 broviter araneoso-tomentosis griseo-discoloribus, venis secundariis 
 utrinque ca. 12-15, petiolo 5 mm., stipulis ovatis subobtusis extus 
 insuper glabrescentibus intus glabris ca. 5 mm. x 4 mm. mox 
 reflexis ; Jtoribus saepe in fasciculis alaribus sessilibus confertis 
 araneosis, inflorescentia nonnunquam laxescente ; calycis lobis 
 oblongo-linearibus ad ca. 4 mm. longis subacutis, nisi in margine 
 ciliatis glabratis demum plus minus reflexis ; fructu sparse pilose 
 necnon araneoso (PI. XII). 
 
 Congo : Chr. Smith 59 1 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew. 
 The phyletic position of this species is notable, on account of its 
 transitional position between SessUes and Laxae (see p. 16, and Fig. 3). 
 
 23. S. erecta Rusby MS. 
 
 Frutex 8-pedaKs ramulis dense patente hirsutis ; foliis subor- 
 bicularibus ad ellipticis v. ovato-oblongis 5 • 5 X 4 cm. ad 1 1 X 
 
 5 • 5 cm., supra hispidulis subtus densiuscule araneoso-lanuginosis, 
 petiolo ad 1 ■ 5 mm. longo, stipulis late ovatis mox reflexis ca. 
 
 6 mm. X 6 mm. ; inflorescentia laxiuscularum inter confertiores 
 subglobosa dense patente-pilosa, pedunculo ad ca. 2 cm. longo, 
 hracteis 1-2 suborbicularibus manifestis acutis 7x5 mm. nee 
 involucrantibus ; calycis lobis lanceolatis acutis ad 3-3 • 5 mm. 
 
EUSABICEA 37 
 
 nec subsetaceis ; corollae extus strigosae tubo ca. 3-4 mm., lobis 
 lanceolatis 2 mm. longis (PL XII). 
 
 Bolivia: Tumupasa, Williams 4461 5901 1800 ft. Hbb. Mus. 
 Brit., Kew. 
 
 Notable for its erect habit, rather compact pedunculate infioresoence, 
 and small corolla. 
 
 24. S. euneata Rusby, in Mem. Terr. Bot. Club, vi. 47 (1896). 
 
 Frutex verisimiliter scandens ramulis griseo-araneosis ; foliis 
 10-12 cm. X 4-4 "5 cm. ellipticis utrinque acutis acuminatis, 
 supra asperulo-pubescentibus, subtus brevifcer araneoso-lanuginosis 
 discoloribus, petiolo nonnunquam elongate ad ca. 2 • 5 cm., stipulis 
 ovatis 7 mm. x 5 mm. ; inflorescentia inter laxiores, hracteis 
 linearibus ca. 5 mm. longis nec conspicuis, ramulis strigosis 
 araneosis, subsessili vel brevi pedunculo valido ad ca. 5-8 mm. 
 longo, pedicellis 3-5 mm. ; calycis lobis anguste linearibus subse- 
 taceis ca. 5 mm. longis ; corollae purpureae pilosae 1 cm. longae 
 tubo insuper inf undibulari ; ovario extus griseo-araneoso-lanato 
 (PI. XII). 
 
 Bolivia : between Guanai and Tipuani, Bang 1380 1 Hbb. Mus. 
 Brit., Kew., Berol., Boiss., Deless. 
 
 The white felt on the under side of the leaves and on the ovary, 
 and the almost setaceous calyx-lobes, make this species readily 
 identifiable. 
 
 25. S. setiloba Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens 10-15-pedalis ramulis dense breviter cinereo- 
 villosis; foliis ellipticis 9-11 cm. x 4-4-5 cm. utrinque angustatis 
 ^utis, petiolo brevi ad 10-12 mm., supra in siccitate nigricantibus 
 hispidulis, subtus dense araneoso-lanuginosis discoloribus, stipulis 
 ovatis reflexis ; inflorescentia inter laxiores tamen confertiuscula 
 maxime vix 1 ■ 5 cm. metiente patente pilosa, pedunculo valido 
 ad 5 mm. dense tomentoso nec cymam excedente, hracteis nec 
 conspicuis nec involucrantibus ; calycis lobis subsetaceis ad 
 3-4 mm. ; corolla tubulosa extus strigosa vix 1 cm. longa lobis 
 subminutis ; ovario et fructu candido sparse piloso nec araneoso. 
 Colombia : Santa Cruz, in woods, Pearce 1 Hb. Mus. Brit. 
 
 26. S. boliviensis Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens caule juniore molliter dense tomentoso 
 demum glabrescente ; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis ad ca. 15 cm. x 
 5 cm. utrinque angustatis acutis, petiolo 10-15 mm. longo, supra 
 molliter pubescentibus in siccitate viridibus subtus cinereis 
 araneoso-lanatis discoloribus, stipulis majusculis late ovatis ca. 
 8 mm. X 7 mm. acutis mox reflexis ; inflorescentia laxarum 
 inter compactiores dense hispidulo-pubescente, pedunculo graoili 
 
38 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 pubescente longiusculo cymam 2-3-plo saltern excedente (2 cm.), 
 bracteis paucis linearibus ad 8-9 mm. nee involucrantibus ; calycis 
 lobis angustis subsetaceis ca. 4 mm. ; ovario extus hispidulo- 
 piloso. 
 
 Bolivia: Yungas, Bang 384! Hbb. Mus. Brit., Boiss. 
 
 27. S. Peareei Wernham. 
 
 Prutex scandens ramulis dense molliter tomentosis demmn 
 glabrescentibus ; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis longiuscule acuminatis 
 acutis basi saepius angustatis, petiolo brevi raro I cm. excedente, 
 utrinque praesertim subtus in venis patule bispidulo-hirsutis nee 
 araneosis, stipulis late ovatis majusculis ca. 11 mm. x 7 mm.; 
 inflorescentia laxarum inter compactiores ramulis pedunculoque 
 brevi 5-8 mm. cymam nee superante hispidulis, hracteis lanceolatis 
 raro 5 mm. excedentibus nee involucrantibus ; calycis lobis 
 angustis subsetaceis 4-5 mm. demum attingentibus, baeca alba 
 pedicello 5 mm. v. magis longo (PL HI, 1). 
 
 Colombia: Woods about Moro, 3000^000 ft., Pearcel Hb. 
 Mus. Brit. 
 
 28. S. subinvoluerata Wernbam. 
 
 Herba volubilis caule suffrutescente prime densiusoule 
 tomentoso demum glabrescente ; foliis ellipticis utrinque angustatis 
 nee vix acuminatis subacutis 10-11 cm. x 4-5 cm., supra molliter 
 hispidulo-pubescentibus subtus in venis densiuscule strigosis nee 
 araneosis neo aliter indutis, petiolo brevissimo 7 mm., stipulis late 
 ovatis 8-9 mm. X 7-8 mm. mox deflexis ; inflorescentia laxarum 
 inter compactissimas subcapitata bispidulo-tomentosa, pedunculo 
 2-3 cm. longo cymam 2-3-plo superante, bracteis 2-3 foliosis 
 lanceolatis ad 17 nmi. x 5 "5 mm. subinvolucrantibus ; calycis 
 lobis lineari-lanceolatis v. linearibus nee 4 mm. excedentibus; 
 corolla vix 7-8 mm. longa extus sparsiuscule strigosa alba 
 (PI. Ill, 2, 3). 
 
 Eastern Peru : near Tarapoto, Spruce 4370 1 Hb. Kew. 
 
 29. S. humilis S. Moore, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. iv. 369 
 (1893). 
 
 Herba caulibus plurimis subfastigiatis a rbizomate brevi 
 valido lignoso ascendentibus densissime villosulis foliosis 20- 
 25 cm. longis ; foliis late ellipticis ad subrotundis ad 6-8 cm. x 
 3 ■ 5 cm., brevissime petiolatis, bispido-hirsutis nee araneosis vix 
 V. brevissime acuminatis, stipulis ovatis ca. 7-9 mm. X 5 mm. 
 nee reflexis ; inflorescentia pilosissima subsessili v. pedunculo 
 brevissimo compacta demum laxescente, bracteis ovatis acutis 
 acuminatis 5-6 mm. x 3 mm. vix involucrantibus ; calycis lobis 
 lanceolatis 3 mm. longis ; corollae albae tube extus nisi insuper 
 
EUSABICEA 39 
 
 in parte brevi ampliato puberulo glabro, 6 mm. longo, lobis 5-7 
 extus puberulis acutis lanceolatis vix 2 mm. longis (PI. XII). 
 
 Brasil : Matto Grosso, Santa Cruz, Spencer Moore 472 1 S. Anna 
 da Chapada, Malme 2071 1 Minas Geraes, Quartel de Biribiry, Qlaziou 
 19420a I Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Holm., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Remarkable for the lowly erect habit (see Introduction) and the 
 very dense shaggy covering of the stem, leaves, etc. The latter are 
 relatively very broad and almost sessile. The true characters of the 
 inflorescence are apt to be masked by the hairiness. 
 
 Var. laueeolata S. Moore, loc. cit. 
 
 Major, foliis elliptioo-Ianceolatis 6 • 5 cm. x 2 • 7 cm. ad 9 cm. 
 X 3' 2 cm., minus pilosis; floribus parum majoribus. 
 
 Brasil : Matto Grosso, Santa Cruz, Spencer Moore 794 ! Cuyaba, 
 Malme 2684 I Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Holm. 
 
 30. S. Moorei Wernbam. 
 
 Herba caulibus plurimis basi suflrutescentibus, e rbizomate 
 brevi lignoso valido ascen'dentibus densissime villosulis desuper 
 pubescentibus 1-pedalibus ; foliis ellipticis ad obovato-oblongis 
 8 cm. X 3 • 5 cm. ad 1 1 cm. x 5 • 5 cm. subsessilibus utrinque 
 plus minus patule sericeo-strigosis nee araneosis, stipulis ovatis 
 breviter acuminatis acutis 8-9 mm. X 6-7 mm. nee deflexis ; 
 ivflorescentia pauciflora subsessili compactiuscula demum laxe- 
 scente, hracteis lanceolatis ovatisque ad ca. 6 mm. longis nee 
 involucrantibus ; calyeis lobis lanceolatis ad 3-4 mm. longis ; 
 corollae insuper extus sparse strigillo-villosae tube anguste 
 infundibulari 6-7 mm. longo lobis lanceolatis ad 5 mm. longis 
 (PI. IV, 1-4). 
 
 Brasil : Matto Grosso, Santa Anna da Chapada, Bobert 687 I Hbb. 
 Mus. Brit., Kew. 
 
 Appears like a stout form of S. humilis, which it resembles in 
 habit, but is readily distinguished by the shape of the leaves and the 
 shape and size of the corolla. 
 
 31. S. eolombiana Wernham. 
 
 Frutex ramulis validiusculis junioribus strigosis vel strigillo- 
 pubescentibus ; foliis ovalibus ad ca. 10 cm. X 5'5 cm., utrinque 
 angustatis, utrinque nisi subtus in venis densiuscule sparsissime 
 strigosis v. glabratis, petiolo ad 1-1 ■ 5 cm., stipulis majusculis 
 7-10 mm. X 7-8 mm. mox reflexis ovatis obtusis ; inflorescentia 
 sparse strigosa laxiorum inter compactas nee multo laxescente 
 subsessili v. pedunculo saepius vix ad 7-8 mm., raro ad 1 ■ 5 cm. 
 longo, hracteis 2-3 manifestis ovato-lanceolatis longe acuminatis 
 ad 7-8 mm. longis, primo basi connatis subinvolucrantibus ; 
 pedicellis ad 6-7, mm. ; calyeis lobis lineari-oblongis glabris ad 
 
40 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 4 ■ 5 mm. longis , corollae albae extus sparsiuscule strigosae tubo 
 infundibulari-cylindraceo 9 mm. longo lobis lanceolatis acutis 
 2-5 mm. longis (PL XII). 
 
 Colombia: Triana 6811 Smith 1834 (in part)*! Ocana, 3900 ft., 
 ScJilim 6971 Cauca, 4000 ft., Triana 1752! Chiriqui lagoon, Hart 
 144! Venezuela: Carabobo, 4000 ft., FuncJce d Scklim 624! 
 3000 ft., Linden 1498! Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Cantab., BeroL, 
 Boiss., Brux., De Cand., Holm., Mus. Paris. 
 
 A somewhat difficult species, on account of the indifferent preser- 
 vation and immature condition of much of the material. Linden's 
 1498 may be regarded as the type ; and Triana 1752, as to be seen in 
 the English herbaria, differs so much from Linden's specimen that 
 I took it originally for a distinct species with inconspicuous bracts 
 and short reflexed calyx-lobes. The Paris and Brussels specimens of 
 Triana 1752, however, leave no doubt that this plant is to be referred 
 to S. colomhiana. 
 
 This species is nearly related to the Peruvian S. umhellata, but 
 distinct in the characters of the inflorescence and calyx-lobes, and the 
 smaller, less acuminate leaves with shorter petioles. 
 
 32. S. umbellata Pers. Syn. i. 203 (1805). Scliwenhfelda 
 umhellata Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. <fe Chil. ii. 55, t. 200, a. (1789). 
 
 Frutex volubilis ramulis sparse strigosis nisi insuper scabridulis 
 mox glabrescentibus ; foliis ovalibus ca. 14 cm. x 6 cm. longiuscule 
 acuminatis, ^etioZo 2-3 cm., utrinque nisi subtus in venis sparse 
 strigosis glabratis, stipulis ovatis ad 16 mm. x 10 mm. ; inflores- 
 centia prime capitata involucrata demum valde laxescente, 
 hracteis 2-3 manifestis ovatis v. lanceolatis 10 mm. X 5 mm. vix 
 acuminatis, pedunculo ut ramuli strigoso ca. 1 cm. cymam nee 
 superante ; calycis lobis subsetaceis ad 5 mm. v. magis accres- 
 centibus incurvatis ; corollae inter minores tubo extus desuper 
 glabro insuper strigoso (PI. XII). 
 
 Peru : Ruiz S Pavon 1 Poeppig 43 1 1226 1 Matthews 1951 ! 
 Biehard ! Cochero, Dombey 561 ! Cavanilles I Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Cantab., Berol., Boiss., De Cand., Deless., Mus. Matrit., 
 Mus. Paris. . 
 
 Essentially a Peruvian species ; distinct in the inflorescence, which 
 is a pedunculate involucrate head when young, but which becomes 
 very lax and diffuse at the early fruiting stage; and also in the 
 setaceous calyx-lobes. 
 
 33. S. hipta Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 46 (1788). Schwenh- 
 felda hirta Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. i. 450. Schwenkfeldia hirta Willd. 
 Sp. PI. i. 982. 
 
 Frutex altus ramulis subscandentibus sparse patente hirsutis ; 
 foliis ellipticis utrinque angustatis, petiole ad 2 cm., utrinque 
 
 * See Sp. 65. 
 
EUSABIOEA 41 
 
 praesertim subtus in venis hirto-pilosis nee araneosis, stipulis 
 majusculis rotundis ad 10 mm. X 14 mm. ; inflorescentia demum 
 laxescente umbellata, pedunoulo ad 14 mm. longo, hracteis 
 manifestis 2-3 ovatis 1 cm. longis subinvoLucrantibus, pedicellis 
 in f ructu 6-9 mm. ; calycis lobis saepius ovato-lanceolatis ad 
 7 mm. longis ; corollae albae extus sparsissime pilosae tubo 
 anguste infundibulari 1 cm. v. magis longo, lobis ovato-lanceolatis 
 4 mm. longis ; hacea alba (PL XII). 
 
 Jamaica : Macfadyen I Masson ! Purdie 1 Swartz ! Wright 655 I 
 Fl. Jam., Harris 9246 1 10278 1 10561 1 Wilson 1 Bertero 2703 ! Hbb. 
 Mus. Brit., Kew., BeroL, Deless., Holm., Krug & Urban, Mus. Paris. 
 
 This species has been confused with 8. hirsuta ; but it seems to 
 be quite distinct, not only in the characters of the inflorescence, but 
 in the size and shape of the corolla, 'and the very ample calyx-lobes. 
 
 34. S. novo-granatensis K. Sohum., in Mart. Fl. Bras. vi. 
 pt. 6, 303 (1889). S. cinerea Karst. non Aubl. ex K, Sebum. 
 loc. cit. 
 
 Foliis lanceolatis ad ovalibus 12-13 em. X 4-6 "5 cm., supra 
 sparsim aspero-strigillosis, subtus in venis pilosis, apiee obtusis- 
 simo, basi aeutis, petiolo ad 2 cm., stipulis ovalibus 7 mm. X 5 mm. 
 ad 1 cm. X 1 ' 2 cm. ; inflorescentia laxiuscula, hracteis ovatis 
 foliaceis modo S. Jiirtae subinvolucrantibus, pedunculo 2-2 "5 cm. 
 longo densissime flavo-hispido, pedicellis longiusculis ; calycis lobis 
 late laneeolatis ad 6 mm. x 2 • 5 mm. patente hirsutis ; ovario 
 densissime sericeo-piloso ; corollae extus dense hirsutae tubo 
 graeili 7 mm., lobis vix 2 mm. long. 
 
 Colombia : Guaduas, Karsten ! Hb. Berol. Bogota, Susumiuo, 
 3250 ft., Triana 1755 I in hb. Mus. Paris. Bogota, Triana ! in hb. 
 Cantab. 
 
 35. S. mexicana Wernham. 
 
 Suffrutex seandens ramulis appresse pilosis ; foliis lanceolatis 
 ad ellipticis utrinque angustatis, 8-1 2 cm. X 2 " 5-5 cm. longiuscule 
 acuminatis aeutis, utrinque sparsiuseule hirto-pilosis, venis subtus 
 strigosis approximatis utrinque 15, petiolo ad ca. 1 cm., stipulis 
 late ovatis 8 mm. X 10 mm. acuminatis aeutis ; inflorescentia 
 inter laxiusculas necnon eompacta strigosa subsessili, hracteis nee 
 manifestis ; calycis lobis patente pilosis linearibus saepe setaeeo- 
 acuminatis 6-10 mm. longis ; corollae albae extus uniforme 
 strigosae tubo 10-12 mm., lobis lanceolatis aeutis 3 mm. longis 
 (PI. V, 1, 2). 
 
 Mexico : Liebmann 43 ! Oaxaca, 3000 ft. Galeotti 2662 ! 3000 ft. 
 Hbb. Kew., Berol., Brux., Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Interesting as the sole representative of the genus in Mexico. 
 
42 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 36. S. Dewildemaniana Wernham. 
 
 Frutex 3-4-pedalis ramulis gracilibus novellis dense sericeo- 
 strigosis tarde glabrescentibus, caule basi diifiise radicante, in 
 siccitate nigricante,- foliis ovato-lanceolatis ca. 10 '5 cm. x 
 4 •.'5 cm., longiuscule acuminatis acutis basi subrotundatis v. 
 obtusis, petiolo ad 1 cm., supra sparsim birtellis, subtus sparsim 
 araneosis, stipulis ovafcis acutis acuminatis ad 7'5 mm. X 5 mm. 
 mox reflexis ; cymis subumbellatis ca. 2 • 5 cm. diametro paucifloris 
 laxiusculis, pedunculo 5 mm. longo, hracteis manifestis saepius 
 2 lanceolatis acuminatis acutis ca. 1 cm. X 4 mm., extus sparse 
 pilosis intus glabris, pedicellis gracilibus ad 4 mm. ; calycis lobis 
 lanceolatis acutis ad 7 mm. X 1 ' 5 mm. subglabris ; corollae tubo 
 extus sparse piloso 8 • 5 mm. longo, lobis apice barbatis latiusculis ; 
 ovario iiavo-arachnoideo. 
 
 In the forest, in soil whioli is inundated during the rainy season, 
 Lower Congo, Cobra 93 ! Hb. Brux. 
 
 A very distinct species, recalling the American 8. colombiana. 
 The critical features are the bracts, the long calyx-lobes, and the 
 short corolla. 
 
 37. S. Schumanniana Biittner, in Verb. Bot. Ver. Brand, 
 xxxi. 76 (1890). 
 
 Frutex ramulis appresse pilosis glabrescentibus ; foliis ellipticis 
 utrinque breviter attenuatis supra sparse scabrello-birtis infra 
 sparsissime nisi in venis dense sericeo-strigosis, petiolo. demum ad 
 ca. 1 ■ 5 cm. longo, stipulis late ovatis 7 mm. x 6 mm. reflexis ; 
 inflorescentia laxiorum inter compactas, pedunculo 2—3 mm. v. 
 subsessili, bracteis paucis inconspicuis lanceolatis 3-4 mm. longis 
 nee involucrantibus ; calycis lobis linear! lanceolatis ad 7-8 mm. 
 longis ; corollae albae extus sparsiuscule sericeo-strigosae tubo 
 18 mm., lobis lanceolatis 5 mm. longis (PL XII). 
 
 Congo : between Lukeola and Bolobo, Biittner 447 1 Hb. Berol. 
 Dewevre 145 1 287 ! Eala, Pynaert 1268 I LeopoldvUle, Gillet 2572 1 
 Hb. Brux. I refer two Gold Coast Plants — Thompson 46 ! and Burton I 
 Hb. Kew. — with some hesitation to this species ; they may be distinct, 
 but the material is inadequate for certain identification. A plant from 
 the Ivory Coast, Dabou, Chevalier 17232 1 is probably also referable 
 to the same species. 
 
 The species is remarliable for the length — over 2 cm. — of the 
 flowers. 
 
 38. S. angolensis Wernham. 
 
 Frutex volubilis caule 6-10-pedali juniore appresse pubescente 
 v. strigillo^ mox glabrescente ; foliis ellipticis breviter acuminatis 
 7-8 cm. X 3-3 "5 cm., petiolo saepius brevi nonnunquam ad 1 cm. 
 longo, supra sparsissime patule birtis infra nisi in venis densiuscule 
 sfcrigosis glabratis, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis 7-8 mm. x 3"5 mm. 
 
EUSABIOEA 43 
 
 mox reflexis deciduis ; inflorescentia laxiuscula subcapitata pedun- 
 culo vix 1 cm. necnon manifesto, pedicellis accrescentibus in 
 fructu ad 4-5 mm., hracteis paucis ovalibus primo subinvolu- 
 crantibus ca. 5-8 mm. x 3-4 mm. ; calycis lobis lineari-oblongis 
 fere ad 1 cm. accrescentibus deinde patulis ; corollae albae tubo 
 extus glaberrimo tubulari 8-9 mm. nee insuper ampliato, lobis 
 patentibus 3 mm. longis, extus dense sericeo-barbatis (PI. XII). 
 
 Angola : Cazengo, Gossweiler 601 ! Golungo Alto, WelivitscJi 
 4744 1 4745 1 To 3000 ft. Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., De Cand., 
 Mus. Paris. 
 
 39. S. Vogelii Bentb., in Hook. Niger Fl. 398 (1849), 
 including var. villosior. 
 
 Frutex scandens caule gracili sparsiuscule breviter villoso 
 glabrescente ; foliis ellipticis 7-10 cm. x 3-5 cm., acuminatis basi 
 saepius rotundatis, petiolo 5—10 mm., utrinque hirto-pilosis pilis 
 saepius patentibus, venis secundariis paucis distantibus, stipulis 
 oblongis ad rotundis ad 1 cm. X 7 mm., mox roflexis ; inflorescentia 
 laxiorum inter compactas subsessili v. nonnunquam pedicello 
 manifesto ad 3 cm. nonnunquam 5 cm. longo, braeteis paucis 
 lanceolato-ovatis nonnunquam subinvolucrantibus ; calycis lobis 
 linearibus 11-12 mm. demum superantibus ; corollae tubo 
 10—15 mm. longo extus glabrato, lobis suberectis 2 mm. longis 
 extus nee conspicue barbatis. 
 
 Sierra Leone : Don 1 Vogel 87 1 Barter ! Scott Elliot 3871 I 4175 1 
 Afzelius 1 Dinhlage 2509 I Beade (Hb. Kew.) 1 French Guinea : 
 Farmar 234 ! Kaloum, Maclwiod 358 1 Diaguissa, bigh plateaux, 
 Chevalier 12687 ! Hbb. Mue. Brit., Kew., Berol., De Cand., Deless., 
 Mus. Paris. 
 
 8. Vogelii leads directly to Capitatae (see p. 16, and Fig. 3), being 
 nearly related to 8. tchapensis and its allies. 
 
 Sectio ii. Sessilbs Werniam. 
 
 Braeteis saepius inconspicuis nee involucrantibus, inflores- 
 centia sessili saltem nee capitulo peduneulato involucrato, floribus 
 dense fasciculatis sessilibus v. subsessilibus rarissime solitariis. 
 
 40. S. speeiosissima K. Schum., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxiii. 
 338 (1903). 
 
 Frutex, foliis oblongis ca. 10 cm. x 4 cm., utrinque pilis 
 inspersis, stipulis e basi late triangulari abrupte acuminatis et 
 subulatis 1 cm. longis ; floribus solitariis subsessilibus ; calycis 
 lobis lineari-subfiliformibus ca. 3 cm. longis ; corollae clavato- 
 tubulosae tomentosae tubo ca. 8"5 cm., lobis subulatis ca. 
 1'5 cm.; antheris 1'5 cm. longis (PI. XII). 
 
 Cameroons : Kebo, 650 ft., Conrau 247 ! Hb. Berol. 
 Unique for the genus in the size of its flowers. 
 
44 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 41. S. speeiosa K. Schum., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. 429 
 
 (1896). 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis dense patents rufo-hirsutis ; foliis 
 10-15 cm. X 5-7 cm. ; floribus in fasciculis sessilibus lateralibus 
 densis dispositis, vel nonnunquam subsolitariis ; calycis lobis 
 longiuscule subulatis ; corolla rufo-sericeo-hispida 3—4 cm. longa 
 (PI. XII). 
 
 Togo: Buttner263l S.Nigeria: Ohim, Talbot 10401 Cameroons : 
 Conrau 218 I Bipinde, Zenker 1816 I Victoria, Winkler 27 ! Barombi, 
 Preuss 150 1 325 1 Abonando, Budatis 57 1 800 ft. Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Berol., Boiss., Delesa., Mus. Paris. 
 
 A striking species, on account of its large flowers, with long 
 subulate calyx-segments, bristling, like the young branches, with 
 reddish hairs. 
 
 42. S. medusula K. Sebum., MS. 
 
 Herba repens caule radicante vix nisi basi lignoso, insuper 
 pills rulis patentibus dense induto; foliis adca. 10 cm. X 5'5 cm. 
 plerumque obovatis nee acuminatis, valde inaequalibus, majoribus 
 basi obliquis, subtus discoloribus lanugine albido minute tamen 
 dense indutis, stipulis integris ; inflorescentiis dense fasciculatis 
 sessiHbus ; calycis lobis subsetaceis, patente hirsutis ad 5 mm. 
 longis ; corolla 8-9 mm. longa (Pi. VI, 1-3). 
 
 Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker 2095 I 4414 ! Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Berol., Deless., Holm., Mus. Paris. 
 
 40-50 cm. in length. Leaves hairy on both sides, silvery below. 
 Stipules membranous, triangular or lanceolate, up to about l4 mm. 
 X 4 mm. Eemarkable for its lowly habit and its anisophylly. 
 
 43. S. aeuminata Baker, in Journ. Linn. Soo. xxv. 320 
 (1890). 
 
 ^ Suffrutex erectus 7-pedalis, ramulis dense birsutis vix arach- 
 noideis ; foliis subcoriaceis lanceolatis ad ovatis longiuscule 
 acuminatis, nonnunquam inaequalibus, majoribus ca. 12 cm. X 
 4 cm. minimis 5 cm. X 2 cm., basi obliquis, utrinque moUiter 
 birsutis nee arachnoideis subtus discoloribus velutinis, stipulis in 
 setis pluribus fimbriatis ; floribus sessilibus fasciculatis ; calycis 
 lobis angustissimis subsetaceis ad ca. 8 mm. longis ; corolla vix 
 1 ■ 5 cm. longa ; stylo nonnunquam ad 6-7 mm. e flora exserto 
 (PI. VII, 1-3). 
 
 Madagascar: Baron 57361 6238! Petit-Thouars \ Norontsanga, 
 Eildebrandt 3024 1 Nossi-Be, Boivin 2064 (in part) * I Richard 211 1 
 I. Ste. Marie, Boivin 2064 (in part) ! Bichard 636 I Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Berol., Mus. Paris. 
 
 * See next species. 
 
EUSABICEA 45 
 
 The inequality of the leaves is not so marked as in 8. diversifolia 
 from this S. acuminata is distinguished by its hirsute, not arachnoid, 
 indumentum, and the numerous long stipular setae. 
 
 44. S. angustifolia Boivin MS. 
 
 Frutex subsarmentosus ramulis arachnoideis mox glabres- 
 centibus vix nisi novellis pubescentibus ; foliis lineari-oblongis 
 ca. 11 cm. X 1'5 cm.; membranaoeis, basi saepe rotundatis 
 saepius nee conspicue acuminatis, acutis, supra asperulo-pubes- 
 centibus subtus in maturitate sparsiuscule arachnoideis, nee valde 
 inaequalibus, petiolo ad 5 mm. longo, stipuUs parvis ovatis setoso- 
 fimbriatis ; fioribus subsessilibus in axillis fasciculatis ; calycis 
 lobis setaceis patente pilosis ad 1 cm. demum attingentibus ; corolla 
 anguste infundibulari, extus sericea, tota ca. 6 • 5 mm. longa, lobis 
 lanceolatis 2 ■ 5 mm. 
 
 Madagascar : Nossi Be, forest above Panandara, Boivin 2064 (in 
 part) 1 Hhb. Boiss., Mus. Paris. 
 
 The nearest ally is 8., acuminata, from which this differs in its 
 long narrow leaves and corolla barely half the size. 
 
 45. S. diversifolia Pers. Syn. i. 203 (1805). Don, Gen. Syst. 
 iii. 539. Drake del Castillo, Hist. Nat. PI. Madag. vi. t. 448. 
 ScJiwenkfeldia diversifolia Spreng. Syst. i. 765. 
 
 Frutex erectus ca. 7-8-pedalis ramulis arachnoideis ; foliis 
 superioribus plerumque valde inaequalibus inferioribus subae- 
 qualibus, majoribus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi obliquis, 
 supra ' prime arachnoideis demum glabris, subtus lanuginoso- 
 velutinis discoloribus ad 15 cm. x 5'5 cm., minoribus ad ca. 
 2 cm. X 1 cm., stipulis late ovatis subpectinatim fimbriatis ; 
 Horibus flavis in cymis arete sessilibus fasciculatis ; calycis lobis 
 angustissimis subsetaceis ca. 8 mm. longis ; corollae extus aureo- 
 sericeae tube 1-1 ■ 7 cm. longo, lobis ad 6 mm. x 2 mm. ; stylo e 
 corollae tubo ad 7 mm. exserto, stigmate conspicue 5-lobato 
 (PI. XII). 
 
 Mauritius? Petit- Thouars \ (v. infra). Madagascar: Baron I 
 Bernard 1 Breon 27 I ChapeUer 1 Forbes 1 Oerrard 24 1 Humblot 69 ! 
 Lastellel Lyall ! Petit- Thouars ! Poivre 1 Thompson 1 Janala Country, 
 Baron 298 1 Forest of Didy, Caiat 1722 I Forest near Ankeramadinika, 
 Scott Elliot 1772 ! Betanimena, Hilsenberg 1 I. Ste. Marie, Boivin 
 1767 I BernierllX I Forbes ! BiohardM ! Maroa, forests in the interior, 
 bay of Antongil, Mocquerys 162 I 264 1 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Cantab., 
 Berol., Boiss., De Cand., Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 The locality given for the type by Persoon is Mauritius, and he 
 records it as collected there by Petit-Thouars (" Dom. Aubert "). I 
 can find, however, no specimen from Mauritius in any of the European 
 herbaria which I have examined — all being from Madagascar; and 
 Don's description and Drake's excellent figure leave little doubt 
 
46 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 regarding the identity of the species. It would appear not unlikely, 
 therefore, that the locality Mauritius was given by Persoon in error. 
 
 The species is at once recognisable by its erect habit, the cottony 
 indumentum and light-coloured felt on the under-side of the rather 
 broad leaves, and the great inequality of the latter. This makes them 
 appear alternately arranged ; but in Eichard's plant cited above 
 (n. 34 in Hb. Mus. Paris) the leaves at the lower nodes tend to 
 equality ; hence it may be that the anisophylly obtains only in the 
 upper branches. 
 
 According to Bernier (n. 271, in Hb. Mus. Paris) the common 
 name is Voa Seira (or Seua ? see next species), and a decoction of the 
 leaves is useful in fever-cases. 
 
 46. S. seua Wernham. Seua (nom. vulg.) Flacourt, Hist. 
 Gr. Isle de Madagascar, 137, 140 (1661). 
 
 Frutex ramulis arachnoideis ; foliis valde inaequalibus 
 majoribus ad 13 cm. x 4 cm., minoribus 1 '5 cm. x 6 mm., supra 
 nisi in vena centrali densiuscule sparsim hirto-pubescentibus, 
 subtus dense flavo-lanuginosis valde discolorihus, petiolo brevissimo; 
 stipulis membranaceis ovatis ca. 8 mm. x 7 mm., in laciniis 
 5-8 lanceolatis divisis, dorse et margine puberulis ; florihus in 
 fasciculis arete sessilibus, hracteis lanceolatis subinvolucrantibus ; 
 calycis laciniis lanceolatis complanatis 4-5 mm. X 1'5 mm., intus 
 subglabris extus dense flavo-arachnoideis. 
 
 Madagascar : Flacourt 98 I 126 ! ex Hb. Vaillant, in Hb. Mus. 
 Paris. Clearly related to S. diversifolia and S. acuminata, but at 
 once distinguishable by the calyx-lobes. The latter, together with 
 the anisophyllous character, may connect this species with the west 
 African S. Mildhraedii. 
 
 The leaves are said to possess astringent properties, and to be 
 useful for fomenting contusions, etc. 
 
 47. S. einerea Aubl. PL Guian. 193, t. 75 (1775). Schwenh 
 felda cinrrea Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. i. 452, t. 10. Schwenhfeldia 
 einerea Sw. loc. cit. ; Willd. Sp. PL i. 982. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis arachnoideis ; foliis plerumque 
 ellipticis ca. 1 1 cm. X 5 • 5 cm., supra prime arachnoideis demum 
 glabris infra discoloribus lanugine dilute flavo dense induto ; 
 infloreseentia lanuginosa sessili, florihus arete eompactis, hracteis 
 ovalibus ad ca. 9 mm. X 8 mm. conspicuis subinvolucrantibus ; 
 calycis lobis lanceolatis vel oblongis nee angustissimus ca. 7 mm. 
 longis ; corollae albae densiuscule extus patente hirsutae tubo 
 12-15 mm. longo, lobis lanceolatis ad 6 mm. longis ; hacca rosea 
 V. obscure purpurea ca. 8 mm. x 7 mm., a calyeis tubo 4 mm. 
 lobis 1 cm. longis persistente corona ta (PI. XII). 
 
 Guiana : Aublet ! Hb. Jussieu 1 Leblond ! Patris ! Martin 82 I 
 French Guiana : Leprieur 101 1 102 ! Hb. Moricand ! Perrottet I 
 Poiteaul Cayenne, Jelski\ Kunthl Leguillon\ Martin 95 \ Perrottet I 
 
EUSABICEA 47 
 
 D. Bichard 1 Bothery 231 ! Karouany, Sagot 309 ! Koarou, L. Bichard ! 
 Porto Rico: Ledru 3491 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Cantab., Berol., 
 Boiss., Brux., De Cand., Deless., Holm., Mus. Paris. 
 
 This species has not been found south of Guiana, ia contrast with 
 the somewhat nearly-related 8. grisea, a native of eastern Brasil, 
 with which it has been confused. S. cinerea is at once distinguish- 
 able by the floccose-araohnoid indumentum, which is confined for the 
 most part to the youngest branches in the rougher, villous, S. grisea. 
 The leaves, moreover, soon become smooth and glabrous on the upper 
 surface in the present species. A similar distinction separates S. cana 
 from S. hrasiliensis, and S. diversifolia from S. acuminata. A 
 further and important distinction lies in the conspicuous and involu- 
 crate bracts of the present species ; the bracts are much smaller and 
 less conspicuous in S. grisea. 
 
 48. S. mollissima Benth. MS. 
 
 Frutex soandens ramulis dense patente villosis, caule basi 
 repente radicante ; foliis ad ca. 8 cm. X 3 '5 cm., supra asperulo- 
 pubescentibus subtus discoloribus argenteo-arachnoideo-lanugi- 
 nosis ; inflorescentiis bracteatis sessilibus nee multifloris, hracteis 
 exterioribus ovato-lanceolatis ad 14 mm. X 6 • 5 mm. ; floribus albis 
 sessilibus confertis ; calycis lobis lanceolatis complanatis 5-8 mm. 
 longis ; corollae tubo 1 cm. raro excedente, e calyce tandem 
 parum exserto, extus densissime patente sericeo-villoso, lobis 
 lanceolatis ad 4 mm. longis (PI. XII). 
 
 Brasil: about Santarem, Spruce 3201 684! Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Cantab., Berol., Boiss., De Cand., Mus. Paris. 
 
 The af&nity is with 8. grisea, but the present species is much more 
 hairy and shaggy with spreading indumentum, the leaves smaller, and 
 the corolla-tube shorter. The whole plant, too, is apparently inuch 
 smaller. 
 
 49. S. amazonensis Wernham. 
 
 Frutex subrepens ad 4-5-ped. adscendens, caule prime den- 
 siusoule patente hirsute demum glabrescente ; foliis ca. 12 cm. x 
 5 cm., supra sparsiuscule pilosis subtus discoloribus minute 
 arachnoideo-lanuginosis venis saepius fuscis conspicuis ; inflores- 
 centiis sessilibus villosis, hracteis ovatis subinvolucrantibus ; 
 floribus confertis, calycis lobis lineari-lanceolatis 7-9 mm. longis 
 ad 2 mm. latis ; corolla alba extus nisi tubi basin versus glabrata 
 dense patente hirsuta, tubo 2 cm. nonnunquam excedente, e 
 calyce 1 cm. exserto, lobis ovato-lanceolatis 4 mm. x 2'5 mm. 
 (PL V, 3, 4). 
 
 Brasil : Amazonas province, Koch 92 ! about Manaos, Ule 5117 ! 
 Gwynne-Vaughan 251 Eio Negro, Trail 3891 Ega, Poeppig, 25141 
 Venezuela: Paoimo, 8pruce, s. n. 1 Hbb. Kew., Berol., Boiss., 
 Deless. ; and a representative shoot of this species, with a fully-opened 
 
48 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 flower, is mixed witli S. hirsuta var. Sellowii under Glaziou 19435a t 
 in hb. Miis. Paris. 
 
 Distinct from its allies in the habit, compact subinvolucrate 
 inflorescences, and the large, far exserted corolla. 
 
 50. S. pannosa Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens, foliis ad 14 cm. x 5 cm., ellipticis acuminatis, 
 supra hispidulo-pubescentibus subtus arachnoideo-lanuginosia, 
 petiolo 1 ■ 5-2 cm. longo, siipulis lanceolatis ad triangularibus ; 
 injtorescentiis sessilibus paucifloris, floribus conferfcis sessilibus ; 
 calycis lobis longe acuminatis lineari-oblongis ad 12-14 mm. 
 accrescentibus ; fructu in diametro ca. 5 mm. rufo-brunneo-piloso 
 a calycis persistentis lobis sinuatis nee rigidis coronate. 
 
 Brasil : Prov. Pernambuco, Caxanga, Schenck 4279 1 Hb. Berol. 
 
 Near 8. grisea, but distinct in the shape of the calyx-lobes, which 
 curl in the fruiting-stage, and in the long petioles ; the character of 
 the indumentum on the rmderside of the leaves, too, differs in the 
 two species. 
 
 51. S. grisea Cham. & Schlecht., in Linnsea iv. 192 (1829). 
 S. erianiha DC. Prod. iv. 439. Schwenkfeldia eriantha Dietr. 
 Syn. PI. i. 793. 
 
 Frutex scandens, foliis plerumque ellipticis ca. 12 cm. x 5 cm., 
 supra asperulo-pubesoentibuR subtus arachnoideo-lanuginosis di.s- 
 coloribus, venis nee f uscis nee conspicuis, petiolo brevissimo raro 
 1 cm. attingente, stipuUs late ovatis ; infiorescentiis floribusque 
 confertis sessilibus, hracteis nee conspicuis nee subinvolucrantibus ; 
 calycis lobis lineari-oblongis 6-8 mm. accrescentibus rigidiusculis 
 demum patentibus nee conspicue acuminatis ; corollae albae tubo 
 ad 14 mm., lobis lanceolatis 1-5 mm. extus villosae (PI. XII). 
 
 Brasil : without more precise locality, Blanchet 53 I Boog 1 
 Burchell 774 ! 1804 ! 2960 ! Fra Cusiodio 98 I Dupre ! Forrest 38 I 
 Glocker 5611 591! Pohl 864! Sello 328! 7681 804! 9591 1076! 
 Vauthier 98 1 Ceara, Gardner 1697 1 Pernambuco, Ridley, Lea d 
 Bamage ! Alagoas, Gardner 1338 ! Bahia, damp hedges, Blanchet 
 85 1 1175 ! 3124 1 & s. n. I Guillot 3224 ! & s. n. ! Lhotsky 558 1 Hb. 
 Martius I Nadeaud 1 Sahmann 71 & s. n. 1 Feira S. Anna, Blanchet ! 
 Is. Itaparica, Casaretto 2245 1 Jacobina, Mordiba, Blanchet 1 Minas 
 Geraes, S. Hilaire 59 1 Eio de Janeiro, Bowie d Cunningham, 1 
 Burchell 2672 ! Doellinger 1 Freyreiss ! Frohich ! Gaudichaud 680 ! 
 Ga^ ! Glaziou 714 ! 8. Hilaire 182 1 Macrae 1 Hb. Martius ! Baddi 1 
 Begnell 921 Schenck 1697! 37761 Vauthier 41! Weddel 295! 
 Widgren 119 ! 1047 ! Corcovado, Gardner 5486 ! Glaziou 8740 
 (in part)* ! Guillemin 129 ! Miers 3154 I 8aldanha 439 1 8chwacke 
 4755 ! Ule 3803 1 Mandiocca, Biedel 623 I Paraguay : Fleischer 1 
 ex hb. Steudel (Paris). Hbb. Mus. Brit., Cantab., Kew., Berol., 
 Boiss., Brux., De Cand., Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 * See Sp. 54. 
 
EUSABICBA 49 
 
 A hedge aaid thicket scrambler. All the localities named except 
 Paraguay lie in the extreme east and near the coast, from Rio de 
 Janeiro in the south to Oeara in the north. The localities for 
 8. cinerea (q. v.), on the other hand, all lie in Guiana (with the 
 exception of one record from Porto Bioo), on the other side of the 
 Amazon ; and 8. grisea must undoubtedly be maintained as a distinct 
 species. This and 8. Mrsuta are the only two species found outside 
 the tropics. 
 
 52. S. BuFehellii Wernham. 
 
 Prutex scandens ramulis appresse sericeo-pilosis ; foliis 
 ellipticis ca. 9 cm. X 3 • 3 cm., utrinque angustatis, supra 
 asperulo-pubescentibus subtus praesertim in venis pilis nonnun- 
 quam longiusculis appressis indutis, nee tamen araneoso- 
 lanuginosis, petiolo saepius brevi ad 1 cm. longo, stipulis ovatis 
 acutis mox reflexis ad ca. 9 mm. X 6 mm. ; floribus in capitulis 
 ca. 1'5 cm. x 1'5 cm. paucifloris nonnunquam ad 2 v. 1-florem 
 reductis sessilibus confertis, hracteis paucis conspicuis, ellipticis 
 vel oblongis ad 1"2 cm. X 6 mm., extus in vena mediana et 
 margine pilosis, subinvolucrantibus basi nonnunquam connatis ; 
 calycis lobis linearibus vel lanceolatis 7-11 mm. longis margine 
 pilosis tube brevissimo; coroUae tube ca. 12 cm. longo extus 
 dense et uniforme griseo-sericeo, lobis lanceolatis 3 • 5 mm. 
 longis acumiaatis acutissimis ; ovario dense et longe albido- 
 seiiceo (PI. XII). 
 
 Brasil : between S. Toao and S. Ana, prov. Para, Burchell 9271 ! 
 Hbb. Kew., Brux., Mus. Paris. 
 
 A well-defined species, the nearest ally being 8. amazonensis ; 
 from this it is readily distinguished by the indumentum of the leaves 
 and the size and other characters of the corolla. 
 
 53. S. velutina Benth., in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 219 (1841). 
 S. aspera Aubl. j3. velutina K. Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. VI. 
 vi. 307. S. velutina Benth. var. oblongifolia Miq. in Linnsea 
 xviii. 615 (1845). 
 
 Prutex scandens partibus novellis saepius rufis ; foliis 
 ca. 12 cm. X 6 cm., supra asperulo-pubescentibus subtus lanugine 
 molli nonnunquam decidua indutis ; floribus candidis in fasciculis 
 axillaribus pUosis nee araohnoideis dense confertis sessilibus ; 
 calycis lobis inter breviores linearibus nee setaceis nee multo 
 accrescentibus ; corollae extus dense et uniforme patente pilosae 
 tubo ca. 1 cm. longo ; bacca ellipsoidea sparsiuscule hirsuta ad 
 12 mm. X 10 mm. a calycis limbo persistente lobis vix 3 mm. 
 coronate (PI. XII). 
 
 Guiana : Apjmn 328 I Bostmann 40 ! Jenman 1775 I Miguel 1 
 8chomburgTc 25 1 Demerara, Hamooch 282 1 Japacooma, Jenmam 1724 1 
 
 E 
 
50 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 Maroni, Mellinon 186 1 Massaroonie, Appun 359 ! Roraima, Schom- 
 burgk 901 ! 1333 1 Trinidad : Fendler 425 ! 5 miles from Erin, 
 Broadway 2226 ! Brasil : Para, Wullschlaegel 253 ! Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Berol., Brux., De Cand., Deless., Holm., Krug & Urban, Mus. 
 Paris. 
 
 The reddish tinge in the youngest parts and the petioles is 
 characteristic. The Trinidad specimens reveal the deciduous character 
 of the felt on the under-surface of the leaves. 
 
 54. S. Lindmaniana Wernham. 
 
 Frutex forsan erectus ; foliis supra asperulo-pubescentibus 
 infra lanugino-velutinis discoloribus ca. 7 cm. X 3 • 5 cm. ; florihus 
 in cymulis alaribus puberulis paucifloris sessilibus confertis ; 
 calycis lobis latiuscule lanceolatis inter breviores nee multo 
 accrescentibus 5 mm. vix attingentibus ; corollae extus pilis 
 ascendentibus sparsiuscule hirsutae tube 7 mm. nee excedente 
 (PI. XII). 
 
 Brasil : Glaziou 8740 (in part) ! Hb. Holm. Porto d'Estrella, 
 Warming 1 Hb. Mus. Paris. 
 
 Near S, camporum, but distinct especially in the larger size of the 
 calyx-lobes and the corolla. The habit is unfortunately doubtful. 
 Two species are apparently included under the same number 8740 in 
 Glaziou's collection — the one just described, and S. grisea {q. v.), 
 with long calyx-lobes and corolla-tube. 
 
 55. S. eampopum Sprague, in Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. 
 Edin. xxii. 434 (1904). 
 
 Herba suifruticosa erecta 1-2-pedalis ramulis junioribus 
 dense f ulvo-villosis nee arachnoideis ; foliis ca. 6 cm. x 2 • 5 cm. 
 supra asperulo-pubescentibus subtus discoloribus albidis minute 
 arachnoideo-lanuginosis ; florihus in cymis hirsutis nee lanuginosis 
 dense confertis sessilibus plurimus ; calycis lobis prime vix 3 mm. 
 nee valde accrescentibus lanceolatis ; corolla inter minimas tube 
 3-4 mm. lobis 2 mm. (PI. IV, 5-9). 
 
 Colombia : Cabuyaro, Eio Meta, in the campos, Sprague 43 1 Hbb. 
 Mus. Brit., Kew. 
 
 One of the few small erect forms among the small-leaved species. 
 
 56. S. glomepata Wemham. 
 
 Frutex ramulis novellis dense flavo-tomentosis deinde glabres- 
 centibus ; foliis late lanceolatis v. eUiptico-oblongis 10-12 cm. x 
 4 '5-5 cm. basi saepius rotundatis breviter acuminatis supra 
 sparsim asperulo-puberulis infra dense flavo-lanuginosis, petiolo 
 ad ca. 1 • 3 cm., stipulis late ovatis membranaceis glabris breviter 
 acuminatis acutis ad 1'4 cm. x 1'2 cm. ; florihus in fasciculis 
 
EUSABICEA 51 
 
 globularibus nisi corollis fere glabris multifloris axillaribus 
 
 sessilibus dense confertis ; calycis lobis oblongis subglabris ad 
 
 3 mm. X 1 mm. ; corolla tota vix 7 mm. excedente extus 
 uniforme dense sericea. 
 
 Colombia : Pilcuan, Barbacoas, 2925 ft., Triana 1756 1 Hb. 
 Paris. 
 
 Differs from 8. camporum, its nearest ally, in its habit, which is 
 apparently scandent, and its glabrous, spherical bunches of flowers. 
 
 57. S. brasiliensis Wernham. 
 
 Prutex erectus 3-4-pedalis ramulis arachnoideis ; foliis 
 aequalibus ca. 7 cm. X 4 cm. ellipticis vix acuminatis basi acutis 
 nee obliquis subsessilibus supra asperulo-pubescentibus subtus 
 discoloribus dense albido-aracbnoideo-lanuginosis ; infloresceniia 
 dense conf erta multiflora sessili ; calycis extus cano-lanuginosi 
 lobis brevibus triangularibus latiusculis neo acuminatis ; corolla 
 Candida brevi extus dense incano-lanata lobis ovato-lanceolatis 
 patentibus (PL XII). 
 
 Brasil: Claussen 560! 5681 6091 Pohl 1481 9571 Bicliard\ 
 Pernambuco, Gardner 2886 1 Bahia, Blanchet I Minas Geraes, 
 Clcmssen 271 I 673 ! & s. n. 1 S. Hiladre 283 I 2281 1 Begnell 1016 ! 
 Schenck 3379 1 Weddell 2563 ! Goyaz, Burchell 5186 1 6532 1 7035 ! 
 8061 1 8383 ! Gardner 3225 1 Caraoa, in campo, Glaziou 14912 I Lagoa 
 Santa, Warming 105 1 Andayatuba and Ytii, in campos, Eiedel 2065 I 
 Faria, Glaziou I Bordo do Campo, dry campos, jRiedel, 116 ! Bolivia : 
 Apolo, WilUams, 173 1 303 1 Mapiri, Busby, 1905 1 Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Cantab., Berol., Brux., De Cand., Deless., Holm., Mus. Paris. 
 
 This species is distinct in several characters, tabulated below, from 
 the Peruvian S. cana (q. v.), with which it has been confused. The 
 latter is a scrambler like S. grisea, while 8. In-asiUensis is a short 
 erect shrub growing, like S. camporum, in the campos. The present 
 species is figured in Mart. Fl. Brasil., VI. vi. t. 134, under the name 
 8. cana. 
 
 8. cana Hook. 8. brasiliensis Wernham. 
 
 Native of Colombia and Northern Native of Bolivia and southern 
 Peru. and eastern Brasil. 
 
 Twining shrub. Short erect shrub. 
 
 Leaves arachnoid, otherwise gla- Leaves more or less densely hairy 
 brous, above, and smooth. and hispidulous above, never 
 
 arachnoid. 
 
 Leaves rounded at the base, often Leaves gradually narrowed to the 
 with a short acute portion base, subsessile. 
 
 decurrent into the manifest 
 petiole. 
 
52 JIONOGKAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 S. cana Hook. S. hrasiliensis Wernham. 
 
 Petioles longer than the inflor- Petioles not exceeding the in- 
 escence, sometimes over 2 cm. florescence, 
 
 long. 
 
 Stamens inserted half-way doTvn Stamens inserted in the mouth 
 the corolla-tube. of the corolla-tube. 
 
 Ovary and stigma 4-merous. Ovary and stigma 5-merous. 
 
 58. S. eana Hook. Ic. PI. t. 247 (1840). S. flavida Krause, 
 in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xl. 323. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis arachnoideis ; foliis late ovatis ad 
 13 cm. X 7 cm. vix acuminatis, supra laevibus glabris vel 
 arachnoideis subtus discoloribus dense et minutiuscule cinereo- 
 arachnoideo-lanuginosis, basi rotundatis v. subito et breviter in 
 petiolum nonnunquam ad 2 cm. longum decurrentibus acuminato- 
 angustatis, stipulis late ovatis obtusiusoulis breviter acuminatis 
 8 mm. X 8 mm. ; Jioribiis in fasciculis cano-lanuginosis dense 
 confertis sessilibus, hracteis late ovatis obtusis imbricatis ssepe 
 subinvolucrantibus ; calycis lobis latis brevibus triangularibus ; 
 corollae extus cano-lanuginosae tube 4-5 mm. lobis 2-3 mm. ; 
 omrio tetramero (PI. XII). 
 
 Peru: Chicoplaya, etc., Buiz S Pavonl Moyobamba, Matthews] 
 Weberbauer 4568 ! Cerro de Campana, Spruce s. n. 1 Colombia : 
 between Yolombo and Cancan, 4000-6000 ft. Lehmann 4004 1 Hbb. 
 Mus. Brit., Kew., BeroL, Boiss. 
 
 This seems to be essentially a native of western tropical South 
 America, and I can find no specimen collected in BrasU. The essential 
 points of difference from the Brasihan 8. brasiliensis have been 
 indicated under that species. Dr. Krause, following K. Schumann 
 in the Flora Brasiliensis (supra), has treated 8. brasiliensis as 8. cana 
 and the latter species as new, naming it 8. flavida. 
 
 59. S. guianensis Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis arachnoideo-pilosis ; foliis 8-9 cm. 
 X 3 • 5 cm. ovatis acutis subaequalibus, petiole brevissimo, 
 supra dense hispidulo-tomentosis infra discoloribus araclmoideo- 
 lanuginosis ; inflorescentiis in axillis stricte confertis sessilibus 
 multifloris lanuginosis bracteatis ; calycis lobis lanceolatis com- 
 planatis in ilore ca. 3 mm. mox ad 7-8 mm. accrescentibus 
 setaceo-acuminatis ; corolla extus cano-villosae dilute roseae tube 
 6 mm. lobis ca. 2 mm. (PI. XII). 
 
 British Guiana : Mt. Canaupang, 8chomhirgh s. n. ! Hb. Kew. 
 A twiner, with pink flowers. 
 
EDSABICEA Oo 
 
 60. S. Mildbraedii Wernham. 
 
 Suffrutex repens caule radicante, insuper dense et patente 
 rufo-piloso partibus junioribus saepe purpureis ; foliis quemque 
 ad nodum valde inaequalibus, majoribus ad ca. 12 cm. X 6 '5 cm. 
 ellipticis basi obliquis petiolatis acutis, supra asperis demuni 
 scabrello-pubescentibus subtus discoloribus arachnoideo-lanugi- 
 nosis, minoribus ca. 9 mm. x 6 mm. late ovatis acutis breviter 
 acuminatis deciduis, stipuUs membranaceis ovalibus setaceo- 
 pectinatis, toto ca. 1 cm. X 5 mm. ; floribus albis in fasciculis 
 axillaribus extus lanuginosis dense conf ertis sessilibus ; calycis 
 lobis planis lanceolatis vix 3 mm. longis, apicem versus saepius 
 purpureo-barbatis ; corolla tota vix 4 mm. longa. 
 
 Congo: Kimuenza, 1300-1625 ft., MiUhraed 3664! Hb. Berol. 
 Gillet 175 1 Sanda, Vanderyst I Environs of Lemfu, Butaye ! Between 
 Demlo and the Koango, Butaye 1487 ! Hb. Brux. 
 
 Distinctive in the purple, dense hairs of the youngest parts, the 
 anisophylly, the stipules, and the low, creeping habit. The last three 
 specimens named above exhibit the progressive tendency to the 
 following variety : — 
 
 Var. glabreseens Wernham. 
 
 Ramulis arachnoideis, pilis quoque dilute-flavis adpressis 
 indutis ; foliis novellis ipsis supra nisi in vena centrali hirtellis 
 glabris. 
 
 Congo : Kisantu, Oillet 3520 ! Hb. Brux. 
 
 61. S. dubia Wernham. 
 
 Frutex v. suffrutex caule dense pilis rufis patentibus induto ; 
 foliis membranaceis, supra et margine densiuscule hirsutis 
 subtus praesertim in venis pariter indutis lanugine etiam dense 
 minuto griseis,' inaequalibus majoribus obovatis ad 15 cm. x 
 8 '5 cm., brevissime acuminatis basi rotundatis obliquis, petiolo 
 dense pilose 2-3 cm. longe, mineribus late evatis ad suberbicu- 
 laribus acutis breviter v. vix acuminatis, petiolo neo e caulis pilis 
 apparente, stipulis eblongis extus sericee-pilesis intus glabris ca. 
 id medium in laciniis 6-7 apice setaceis pectinatim divisis, 
 L^etis ad 2 ■ 5 cm. v. lengioribus X 6-7 mm. basi latis. 
 
 Congo : Madibi, Sapin 1 Hb. Brux. 
 
 I have no hesitation in referring this plant to Sabicea ; but as no 
 flowers are available, its exact position must remain in some doubt for 
 the present. In its vegetative organs it approaches 8. Mildbraedii ; 
 from this it is distinguishable by its much coarser habit, larger and 
 thinner leaves, of characteristic shape, with less strongly-marked 
 anisophylly, and long petioles. 
 
 62. S. Batesii Wernham. 
 
 Frutex sarmentesus caule laevi arachneidee; foliis verisimiliter 
 ab abortu alternantibus, ellipticis ssepe oblengis basi valde 
 
54 ilONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 obliquis 20 cm. X 9 cm. in maturitate excedentibus, ^eiioZo 3 cm. 
 longo, supra nisi in vena centrali hirtella glabris subtus araneoso- 
 lanuginosis, stipulis lanceolatis ad 12-14 mm. X 8-10 mm. 
 integris ; floribm in f ascicuUs extus cano-lanuginosis dense con- 
 fertis sessilibus; calycis lobis ovatis obtusis 2-3 mm. longis 
 (PI. VII, 4-7). 
 
 Cameroons : Bipinde, Lolodorf , Zenker 4070 1 Gaboon : bank of 
 stream, Mfoa, 85 mi. E. of Gaboon, Bates 536 ! Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Berol., Brux., De Cand", Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 A "trailing shrub or vine" with flowers and inflorescences much 
 like those of S. irasiliensis ; distinctive in the large size and pseudo- 
 alternate arrangement of the leaves. 
 
 63. S. arborea K. Sebum., in Engl. Bet. Jabrb. xxviii. 58 
 (1899). 
 
 Arbor ramulis aracbnoideis ; foliis lanceolatis attenuato- 
 acuminatis ca. 8 cm. X 3 cm. basi acutis, supra arachnoideis 
 mox glabratis subtus lanuginoso-tomentosis incano-discoloribus ; 
 floribus pluribus in fasciculus lanuginosis sessilibus dense confertis ; 
 calycis dentibus brevibus vix 2 mm. lanceolatis ; corollae tubo 
 ca. 5 mm. extus subtomentoso lobis lanceolatis acuminatis 
 5 mm. j ovario biloculari. 
 
 Zanzibar coast; Uluguru, 5000-6000 ft., Stuhlmann 8775! Hb. 
 Berol. 
 
 Peculiar in its tree-habit and bilocular ovary. The dried specimens 
 have the typical appearance of a Sahicea, recalling S. diver sifolia, 
 from the neighbouring island of Madagascar, with which it may have 
 some afl&nity. 
 
 64. S. glabrescens Benth., in Kew Journ. Bet. iii. 219 
 (1841). S. aspera Aubl. y. glabrescens K. Sebum, in Mart. Fl. 
 Bras. VI. vi. 307. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis appresse rufo-hirsutis demum 
 glabratis ; /oZms ovatis v. ellipticis acuminatis ad 7-10 cm. X 
 3-4 cm., supra scabrello-pubescentibus vel glabreseentibus infra 
 nisi in venis appresse strigosis sparsissime hirsutis ad glabratis, 
 stipulis late ovatis v. rotundatis saepius mox reflexis ; floribus in 
 fasciculis alaribus sessilibus confertis ; calycis lobis ovatis 2 mm. 
 longis nee valde accrescentibus ; corollae candidae extus uniforme 
 pilis longis canis patentibus dense indutae tubo 1 cm. v. longiore 
 lobis lanceolatis 4-5 mm. (PL XII). 
 
 Guiana : E. Quitaro, Schomburglc 538 ! Demerara, PwrTcer 1 Lama 
 Creek, Jenman 3698 ! Hooroobea, Jenmam, 4711 1 Upper R. Casiquiari, 
 Spruce 327§ ! Campo de Janauari, Spruce 1281 ! Trinidad : Hb. Krug 
 d Urban 10741 Brasil : Para, Schwctche 3452! Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Cantab., Berol., Boiss., Brux., De Cand., Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Eesembles S. aspera, but is readily distinguished by the broad 
 stipules and calyx-lobes. A specimen in the Kew herbarium, collected 
 
EOSABICEA 55 
 
 by Jenman (no. 987) on the Essequibo K., may belong here ; but it is 
 described on the label as " shrub or small tree." The leaves are rather 
 larger and relatively broader than in the typical S. glahreacens, but 
 the corolla is exactly similar. The material is unfortunately inadequate 
 for treatment as a new species, as may be the case. 
 
 65. S. hirsuta H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. iii. 417 (1818). 
 Sfihwenhfeldia hirsuta Spreng. Syst. i. 765 (1825). S. villosa 
 Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. v. 265 (1819). Paiva verti- 
 cillata Veil. Fl. Flum. 104 (1825); iii. t. 16 (1827). 
 
 Prutex scandens ; foliis elliptico-oblongis acuminatis utrinque 
 plus minus praecipue subtus in venis hirsutis nee tamen lanuginosis, 
 ca. 6-10 cm. X 2 '5-4 -5 cm., stipuUs late ovatis vel subrotundis 
 refiexis ; floribus albis inter minimis in fasciculis alaribus sessilibus 
 conf ertis ; calycis laciniis lineari-lanceolatis planis inter breviores 
 raro ad 4 mm. aocrescentibus ; corollae tube extus infra glabrato 
 insuper sparsiuscule strigoso vix 6 mm. longo, lobis anguste 
 triangularibus subereotis minutis ; haeca violacea, ad 1 cm. 
 diametro (PI. XII). 
 
 Guatemala : Tilrckheim (J. D. Smith 7749) I Nicaragua : Tate 
 212 1 Chontales, Seemann 128 1 Costa Bica : Tonduz 9186 1 13363 1 
 Pittier 1208 1 10297 1 Porto Eico : Bertero 1 Balbis I Hb. Kunth 1 
 Eggersl065l GundlachUW Biedlel Bichwrd\ Sintenis%&i\ 18191 
 Stahl 376 1 Wilson 232 ! Colombia : Smith 1834 (in part) 1 * banks of 
 the Orinoco, Humboldt 1 Swrnboldt d Bonpland 1 Goudot ! Trinidad : 
 Broadway 3337 1 Lochha/rt 350 I B.h. hot. ga/rd. Trin. 1793 1 Sieber 
 327 1 Gruiana : Poiteau ! Leprieur 1 Demerara, Ma/rtin 246 ! Mori- 
 cand 179 (in part) ! La Mama, Sagot 880 I Cayenne, Jelski 1 PoiteoM I 
 Ecuador : Valle Mindo, Sodiro 1 Peru : Buiz S Pavon I Bivero 379 1 
 Lima, Buis S Pavon 379 ! Tarapoto, Spruce 4837 1 Tatanara, Lechler 
 2510! Tillao, Buiz\ Majass alto, Poeppig 18211 Brasil : Burchell 
 31551 34751 Widgren 535 \ Sao Paulo, Lindberg 7181 Ifosen 3416 1 
 Lagoa Santa, Warming 1 Eio de Janeiro, Widgren 1 Santa Catharina, 
 XJle, 182! Blumenau, Muller, 128! Morretes, JDusen, 44691 Hbb. 
 Mus. Brit., Kew., Cantab., Berol., Boiss., Brux., De Cand., Deless., 
 Holm., Krug & Urban, Matrit., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Beside those quoted above the two following typical specimens are 
 preserved in the Botanic Gardens herbarium at Madrid. Both are 
 from Tropical America, but the precise locality does not appear. 
 
 Ca/oamilles 260 ! giving, as a common name, po-ri. Bodriguez 1 
 
 The habitat of the specimen described and figured by Vellozo 
 as Paiva verticillata is given as " campis maritimis, praesertim 
 Parochia Campo grande habitat. Mensibus calidis floret." I have 
 not seen it. 
 
 Var. a. adpressa Wernbam. 
 
 Ramulis foliisque appresse sericeo-pilosis, bacca rubra. 
 Costa Rica : Limon, Kuntze 1995 ! Punta Arena, Tonduz 6712 1 
 99551 Panama: Hayes I Seemann 1073! Chagres, Fendler 1801 
 
 * See species 31. 
 
56 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 Portobello, Billherg 1 Trinidad, Broadway 3338 ! St. Thomas Is., 
 Fried/richstal\ Brasil : Jurua R., Tile 51181 Maynas, Yurimaguas, 
 in frutioetis, Poeppig\ Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Boiss., 
 Deless., Holm., Krug & Urban, Mus. Paris. 
 
 Var. 13. Sellowii Wernham. 
 
 Ramulis sparsim patente pilosis, foliorum venis subtus 
 appresse sericeis ; calycis lobis ad 4 mm. accrescentibus latiusculis 
 marginibus saepe revolutis ; corolla minima. 
 
 Brasil : Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud 622 I et s. n. 1 S. Hilaire 980 f 
 Minas Geraes : Tombador, near Diamantina, Glasiou 19435a* (in part) 1 
 Babia : Sello 223 1 299 ! 381 ! 732 1 1072 1 Illheos : Blamchet 3004 ! 
 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., De Cand., Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 The distribution is the widest of any species (see p. 5). The two 
 varieties, it will be observed, are eoniined to the western and eastern 
 areas respectively. 
 
 This species is somewhat variable, notably in the extent of the 
 hairy covering ; in a few cases, again, the calyx-lobes are somewhat 
 accrescent and conspicuously acuminate after flowering — e.g. Sagot's 
 plant from La Mana. The constant features are especially the corolla 
 — among the smallest in the genus — and the shape of the stipules ; 
 both these serve to distinguish S. Jiirsuta readily from S. aspera, with 
 which it has been confused. 
 
 66. S. aspera Aubl. PI. Guian. i. 194 t. 76 (1775). Sclmenk- 
 feldia asjpera Willd. Spec. PI. i. 982. Nom. Vulg. (Galibi, 
 Guiana) Sabi-Sahi. 
 
 Frutex scandens I'amulis appresse strigoso-liirsutis ; foUis 
 lanceolatis v. anguste ovalibus utrinque angustatis, supra asperis 
 breviter hirto-pubescentibus subtus in venis disfcantibus strigosis 
 aliter sparsissime pilosis vel glabratis nee arachnoideo-lanuginosis, 
 ad 10 cm. x 3'5 cm., stipulis lanceolatis acuminatis nee reflexis; 
 florihus albis in fasciculis alaribus nonnunquam demum laxescen- 
 tibus sessilibus confertis ; calycis lobis planis linearibus acutis 
 ad 3 mm. longis ; corollae extus patente pilosae tube graoili 
 ca. 1 cm. longo lobis lanceolatis ca. 3 mm. longis (PI. XII). 
 
 Guiana : Auhlet I Patris I Perrottet 1 Poiteau ! Richard 1 Hb. 
 Moricand ! Brasil : Florista de Tijuca, Glaziou I Para, Burchell 
 9989 1 10038 1 9346 ! 9429 1 Baker 73 1 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., 
 Boiss., Brux., Deless., Holm., Mus. Paris. 
 
 The secondary veins are noticeably distant — 7-8 pairs at most ; 
 and the shape of the stipules is quite unusual for the genus. This 
 species is "transitional" in respect of the inflorescence (see Intro- 
 duction) ; examples showing the tendency to laxity are those collected 
 by Glaziou and by Baker in Brasil. The following broad-leaved variety 
 also exhibits the same feature. 
 
 * See Sp. 49. 
 
EUSABICEA 57 
 
 Var. latifolia Wernham. 
 
 Rufus, foliis late ovalibus vix v. parum acuminatis ca. 
 9-12 cm. X 6-6 cm.., petiolo ad ca. 1 cm. ; inflorescentia laxiuscula. 
 
 Guiana: Cayenne, Martin 631 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew. 
 
 67. S. parva Wernham. 
 
 Suffrutex humiliusculus caule repente radicante, ramis ca. 
 :i0-30 cm. altis erectis gracilibus insuper appresse strigosis ; 
 foliis inter mi n ores 4-6 cm. x l'5-2-5 cm., utrinque acutis 
 lanceolatis v. ovalibus, utrinque sparsissime nisi subtus in venis 
 dense strigoso-hirsutis scabrello-pubescentibus, stipulis' angustis 
 oblongo-lanceolatis ; floribus pauciusculis in axillis confertis 
 sessilibus ; calycis lobis planis lanceolatis acutis vix 1 mm. longis ; 
 corollae extus uniforme patente villoso tubo 12-13 mm. longo 
 lobis oblongis 2-3 mm. longis (PI. VI, 4-6). 
 
 Brasil : near Caburi, Kio Negro, Trail 391 1 Hb. Kew. 
 Remarkable for the habit, and shape of the stipules : the affinity 
 is clearly with S. as;pera. 
 
 68. S. flagenioldes Wernham. 
 
 Frutex ramulis divaricatis apicem versus tomento patente 
 minutiusculo indutis ; foliis inter minores lanceolatis acuminatis 
 ca. 5 cm. X 1 • 5 cm., supra nitentibus nisi in vena media 
 sparsissime ut infra sparsiuscule puberulis glabris venis secun- 
 dariis perpaucis valde obscuris, stipulis subulato-setaceis 2-3 mm. 
 longis ; floribus paucis in axillis confertis subsessilibus ; calycis 
 lobis planis lanceolatis vel anguste triangularibus subacutis, 
 fructu ad 4 • 5 mm. attingentibus. 
 
 Yucatan : Chichaukanab, Oaumer 1432 ! in Field Columbian 
 Museum. Hb. Berol. 
 
 69. S. parviflora K. Schum. MS. 
 
 Frutex scandens I'amulis gracilibus ruf o-puberulis divaricatis ; 
 foliis inter minores ovatis ad ca. 3 cm. x 1 ' 5 cm., venis obscuris 
 utrinque perpaucis . (3-4) basi plerumque rotundatis petiolatis, 
 utrinque nisi subtus in venis spaise strigillosis glabratis, stipulis 
 a basi lato vaginante in setam longiusoulam productis ; floribus 
 minimis in axillis confertis sessilibus, inflorescentia demum 
 laxescente diametro 1 cm. excedente ; calycis lobis ad 2 • 6 mm. 
 linearibus ; bacca glabra ad 6 mm. diam., a calycis limbo lobis 
 ad 3 ■ 5 mm. coronata ; seminibus angularibus minutissimis 
 tuberculatis. 
 
 Congo : Sembo, Allard 343 ! Kisantu, Qillet 148 ! Hb. Brux. 
 Angola : Welwitsch 3165 1 Hb. Berol. 
 
 Eesembles the previous species from Yucatan ; the chief distinction 
 
58 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 lies in the much smaller cymes and flowers in the present species, 
 and also the ronnded leaf-base. The inflorescence becoming lax after 
 maturity of the flowers is significant. 
 
 Sectio iii. CAPiTATiE Wernham. 
 
 Liflorescentia capitata compacta, hracteis involucrantibus, 
 pedunculo manifesto. 
 
 70. S. brevipes Wernham. 
 
 Frutex 5-6 pedalis subscandens caule juniore appresse 
 sericeo-piloso desuper subtomentoso ; foliis ovalibus acuminatis 
 basi rotundatis v. subcordatis ad 11-12 cm. X 5 cm., petioh 
 brevissimo nonnunquam ad 1-1 '5 cm., supra hispidulo-pubescenti- 
 bus, subfcus in venis dense aliter sparsissime sericeo-strigosis nee 
 araneoso-lanatis, stipulis pro rata majusculis ovato-Ianceolatis 
 15 mm. X 7 mm., saepius reflexis ; florihus albis in capitulo 
 2-2 • 5 cm. diam. compacto sessilibus, dense confertis, pedunculo 
 raro ca. 8 mm. excedente, hracteis ovalibus acutis acuminatis 
 15 mm. X 8—9 mm. involucrantibus; calycis limbi lobis tubutQ 
 subaequantibus 6-7 mm. longis ad 1 cm. v. longioribus accre- 
 scentibus, Kneari-lanceolatis acuminatis acutis rigidiusculis sparse 
 pilosis ; coroliae extus sericeae paruin e calyce exsertae tube 
 ca. 15 mm. longo, lobis ovatis vix 3 mm. longis ; hacca rubra 
 subsessili a calycis limbi lobis saepe caudato-acuminatis 
 persistentibus coronata. 
 
 Togo : Baumann 256 1 Kersting 146 ! Biitiner 73 ! 749 ! Bukila, 
 E. d M. Laurent ! Hbb. BeroL, Brux. 
 
 A near ally of S. Vogelii in § Laxse. 
 
 71. S. Gilletii De Wild., in Ann. Mus. Congo v. i. 78 (1903). 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis dense pilis patulis rufis 2-3 mm. 
 longis indutis ; foliis ellipticis 6-13 cm. X 2-4 '5 cm., basi 
 cuneatis, acuminatis acutis, supra sparse subtus praesertim in 
 venis densius pubescentibus nee araneosis, peiiolo ad 1-3 cm. 
 elongate, stipulis ovatis acutis reflexis ad 14 mm. x 5-6 mm. ; 
 floribus in capitulis confertis, pedunculo 1—1 • 8 cm. dense villoso, 
 hracteis involucrantibus villosis 15 mm. X 10 mm. ovatis acutis,; 
 calycis limbo fere ad basin in laciniis lineari-lanceolatis acutis 
 10 mm. X 1 mm. diviso. 
 
 Congo : Kimuenza, Gillet 1911 ! 2024 ! Ifula and Lomkola, B. £ 
 M. Laurent ! Sanda and Kimpako, Vanderyst I Bombaie, Clacssens 
 173 ! Kasai, Demla, in the plain, Sapin ! Hb. Brux. 
 
 72. S. tehapensis Krause, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xlviii. 408 
 (1912). 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis patule pilosis ; foliis ellipticis 
 ca. 10-12 cm. X 4-5 cm. breviter acuminatis, basi angustatis, 
 
KUSABICEA 59 
 
 supra scabrello-pilosis subtus nisi in venis saepius patule pilosis 
 glabratis, petiolo nonnunquam ad 3 • 5 cm. elongato, stipulis ovato- 
 lanceolatis acutis ca. 1 cm. x 5 mm. ; floribus albis in capitulo 
 compacto 2*5 cm. diam. sessilibus confertis, pedunculo 6-8 mm., 
 hracteis late ovatis acuminatis ca. 1 • 5 cm. X 2 cm. involu- 
 crantibus ; calycis limbi tubo lobos oblongo-lanceolatos 8 mm. 
 longos vix subaequante ; corollae e calyce parum exsertae tubo 
 ca. 15 mm. longo, extus nisi infra lobos triangulares acutos 
 erectos 2 mm. longos pariter sericeo glabrato. 
 
 Cameroons : Tchape Pass, Ledermann 2655 1 Lome, Mildbraed 
 5422 1 Bipinde, ZenTcer 2968 1 Hb. Berol. 
 
 Var. glabreseens Wernham. 
 
 Minus hirsutus pilis appressis, foliorum venis subtus sericeis. 
 
 West Africa: Pogge 1041! 11621 1196! Cameroons: Jaunde, 
 Zenker 204 1 Batanga, Bates 770 ! Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol. 
 
 The most noticeable feature in this and the two preceding species 
 is the rather large capitulum, with deep, broad, almost orbicular, 
 involucral bracts and very short, rather stout peduncle. The chief 
 point of distinction lies in the shape and dimensions of the involucral 
 bracts. 
 
 73. S. SehaefeFi Wernbam. 
 
 Frutex ramulis sparse strigosis; foliis ellipticis utrinque 
 angustatis ad ca. 12 cm. X 5 cm., venis secundariis utrinque 
 ca. 15-18, utrinque sparsissime nisi in venis strigillosis birto- 
 pubescentibus v. glabratis nee araneosis, petiolo ad 2 cm., stipulis 
 
 7 mm. X 5 mm. ovatis reflexis ; floribus roseis in capitulo 
 compacto ca. 2 cm. diam., pedunculo strigilloso ca. 4 cm. 
 dispositis, bracteis ovati-lanceolatis vix 1 cm. X 5 mm. involu- 
 crantibus ; calycis limbo fere ad basin in laciniis lineari-oblongis 
 
 8 mm. longis acutis ciliatis diviso ; ovario extus sparse strigoso- 
 liirsuto. 
 
 Cameroons : Bare, 5800-6500 ft., Schaefer 76 ! Hb. Berol. 
 
 74. S. ingrata K. Sebum., in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 126 (1892). 
 
 Frutex ramulis novellis subtomentosis demum glabrescentibus ; 
 foliis ellipticis utrinque breviter acuminatis ca. 11-14 cm. X 
 5-5-6 cm., supra sparse pilosis subtus discoloribus minute 
 araneoso-tomentosis, petiolo ad 2 • 5 cm., stipulis late ovatis vix 
 1 cm. X 7 mm. ; floribus in capitulo compacto ca. 2 cm. diam. 
 dispositis, bracteis ovalibus v. rotundis ca. 1 cm. X 8 mm. 
 involucrantibus, pedunculo sparsiuscule piloso nee araneoso- 
 lanato 1-1 '5 cm. recto rigidiusculo ; calycis lobis lineari- 
 lanceolatis ad 3-4 mm ; corollae anguste infundibularis extus 
 pilosae tubo 14 mm. laciniis 3 mm. longis. 
 
 St. Thomas Island : Qiiinfas 18 1 Hb. Berol. 
 
60 MONOGEAPH or SABICEA 
 
 75. S. gracilis Wernhaitt. 
 
 Prutex scandens ramulis teneris novellis subtomentosis demum 
 glabrescentibus ; foliis ellipticis ad subrotundis 6-7 cm. x 3-4 cm. 
 breviter acuminatis acuto apice basi acutis, supra, nisi in vena 
 central! hirtis, pilis paucis conspersis, subtus minute araneoso- 
 lanatis discoloribus, venis saepius conspicuis margins et vena 
 centrali rufo-ciliatis, petiolo ad 3-4 cm. ; florihus subsessUibus in 
 capitulis compactis ca. 1 • 5 cm. diam. confertis, hracteis involu- 
 crantibus suborbicularibus, pedunculo gracili cui'vato glabrato 
 3 cm. V. longiore; calycis lobis lineari-oblongis ad 5-6 mm. acutis; 
 corollae tubo extus glabro 8-9 mm., lobis ca. 1 ■ 5 mm. patentibiis ; 
 haeca subsessili nee saltem conspicue pedicellata (PI. VIII, 1-4). 
 
 Cameroons : Batanga, Bates 398 ! Hbb. Mus. Brit., De Cand. 
 
 The collector makes the note: " Twining vine. Long- and short- 
 styled flowers on different plants." 
 
 76. S. ferruginea Benth., in Hook. Niger Fl. 397 (1849). 
 Cephaelis ferruginea Don, Gen. Syst. iii. 605 (1834). 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis appresse dense rufo-sericeo-pilosis ; 
 foliis ellipticis v. oblongis breviter acuminatis 10 cm. X 4' 5 cm.- 
 15 cm. X 7' 5 cm. basi saepius rotundatis, supra nisi in vena 
 centrali rufo-strigosis glabris, juventute rufo-hirsutis subtus 
 densissime ferrugineis araneoso-lanuginosis, petiolo appresse piloso 
 saepius brevi 1 cm. i-aro longiore, stipulis majusculis 12 mm. x 
 10 mm. ovato-triangularibus acutis extus 3-6-hirsuto-costatis ; 
 ftoribus permultis albis in capitulo compacto 3-4 cm. diam. arete 
 confertis, pedunculo 5-9 cm. longo dense sericeo-strigoso, hracteis 
 plurimis imbricatis exterioribus late ovatis ad 1 • 8 cm. x 1 " 6 cm. 
 longiuscule acuminatis acutis, extus scabrello-pubescentibus 
 margine ciliato ; calycis lobis elongatis subfiliformibus demum 
 1 cm. excedentibus necnon sinuatis, pilis patulis longiusculis 
 villosis ; .corollae tubo anguste cylindraceo nee insuper ampliato, 
 extus glabrato ca. 13 mm. longo, lobis lanceolatis erectis extus 
 strigiUosis vix 2 mm. longis; fructus pedicellis ad 5 mm. v. 
 longioribus accrescentibus (PI. XII). 
 
 Sierra Leone : Don ! Purdie 1 Bagroo Biver, Mann 862 ! Liberia, 
 Dinklage 2540 ! 2563 ! Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., BeroL, Mus. Pai-is. 
 
 Var. lasioealyx Wernbam. Sahicea lasiocalyx Stapf, in 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvii. 106 (1905). 
 
 Pilis saepius patentibus, inflorescentia villosiore albo-tomentosa. 
 Liberia : Sinoe Basin, Monrovia, Kakatown, Whyte I Hb. Kew. 
 
 77. S. geophiloides Wernham, in Cat. Talb. Niger. PI. 41 
 (1913). 
 
 Herba repens hirsuta caule prostrato radicante ; foliis parvis 
 ovatis V. ellipticis 3-3 '5 cm. x l'-5-l'8 cm. apice acuto vix 
 
EUSABICEA 61 
 
 acuminatis basi acutis, utrinque hirsutis nee subtus araneosis, 
 petiolo 6-10 mm., stipulis breviter oblongo-rotundatis 3-5 mm. x 
 3 mm. mox reflexis ; floribus in capitulo vix 2 cm. diam. confertis, 
 pedunculo gracili sparse piloso 2 cm. v. longiore, hracteis late 
 ovatis extus pilis paucis conspersis margine ciliato 1 " 3 cm. x 
 8 mm. ; calycis limbo ad dimidium v. altius in lobis lanceolato- 
 oblongis 8-9 mm. longis margine piloso diviso ; corollae pro rata 
 latiuscule infundibularis extus glabx'ae tubo 1'2 cm., lobis 
 oblongis subaoutis 3 • 5 mm. longis, ore 5 mm. lato ; hacca hirsu- 
 tissima sessili 7 mm. longa a calyce persistente coronata (PI. XII). 
 
 S. Nigeria : Oban, Talbot 255 1 Cameroons : Abonando, Budatis 
 44 1 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol. 
 
 Notable for its babit ; its nearest ally is S.jjilosa, wbich is a much 
 larger plant, witb larger leaves, inflorescences, and flowers. 
 
 78. S. pilosa Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 76 (1877V 
 
 Frutex repens et scandens 10-pedalis caulibus radicantibus 
 novellis patule pilosis ; foliis utrinque sparsiuscule et longiuscule 
 hirsutis nee araneosis v. lanatis, inferioribus majusculis saepius 
 obovato-lanceolatis 15—17 cm. x 5-6 cm., basi cuneatis apice 
 breviter et subito acuminatis acutissimis,j3efe'oZo elongato ad 4-5 cm. 
 patule piloso, superioribus minoribus saepe ellipticis, acumine longo 
 nonnunquam angusto 2-3 cm., petiolis multo brevioribus, stipulis 
 ovatis acuminatis acutis 1 cm. X 6 mm. ; floribus roseis in capitulis 
 paucifloris confertis ad 3-4 cm. diam., capitulis nonnunquam 
 compositis, pedunculo 1 cm. raro excedente, bracteis membranaceis 
 ovatis acuminatis acutissimis involucrantibus ad ca. 1 ■ 7 cm. x 
 8 mm., extus pilis paucis conspersis margine ciliato ; calycis limbo 
 infra medium in lobis pilosis latiusculis oblongis vel lanceolatis 
 flore 1 cm. x 3 mm. demum ad 2 cm. X 4 mm. accrescentibus 
 diviso ; corollae extus strigosae anguste infundibularis tubo 
 2 • 5—3 cm. lobis triangularibus acutis suberectis vix 2 ■ 5 mm. 
 longis (PI. XII). 
 
 Cameroons : Barombi, Preuss 15 1 278 1 Batanga, DinTdage 548 1 
 Bipinde, Zenker 2053 ! Kribi, Ledermann 864 ! Mildbraed 6201 ! 
 Corisco Bay : Mann 1866 ! Gaboon : Munda, Soyaux 220 1 Libreville, 
 ■Jolly 791 Benito, Ouisal] Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Boiss., 
 Brux., Deless., Holm., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Jolly describes this as a "trfes grande liane fleurissant sur les 
 parties qui toucbent la terre." 
 
 79. S. Trailii Wernham. 
 
 Suffrutex scandens ramulis novellis patule pilosis demum 
 glabrescentibus ; foliis ellipticis inter parva vix ad 5 cm. x 2 cm. 
 sessilibus basi angustatis breviter acuminatis, utrinque hirsutis 
 nee araneosis nee lanatis ; floribus albis in capitulis paucifloris 
 ca. 1 cm. diam. sessilibus, pedunculo brevissimo raro 3-4 mm. 
 
62 MONOGEAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 excedente, bracteis 2-3 ovatis ca. 1 cm. X 5 mm. basi connatis 
 involucrantibus ; calijcis limbi infundibularis tubo ca. 7 mm. 
 longo lobis lanceolatis ciiiatis flore ca. 3 mm. demum ad 5-6 mm. 
 accrescentibus ; corollae tubo gracili extus patule villoso 10-1 2 mm. 
 longo infra lobos lanceolatos extus barbatos 3 mm. longos 
 ampliato (PI. XII). 
 
 E. Amazon : Obydos, Trail 390 ! Hb. Kew. and s. n. 1 ex hb. 
 Glaziou in Hb. Mus. Paris. 
 
 This and the two following species are interesting as being the 
 only American representatives of the section Capitatae (see Intro- 
 duction, and Fig. 3). 
 
 80. S. mattogrossensis Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis sparsiuscule strigosis deinde pubes- 
 centibus glabrescentibus ; foliis elUpticis utrinque angustatis 
 ca. 9 cm. X 3"5 cm., supra asperulo-pubescentibus subtus prae- 
 sertim in venis strigosis nee araneosis v. lanatis, petiolo ad 1 cm. 
 tenero, stipulis parvis ovatis ad 7 mm. x 7 mm. reflexis ; 
 floribm albis in capitulo confertis paucifloro ca. 2 Cm. diam., 
 pedunculo vix 1 cm. dense strigoso, hracteis ovatis ca. 12 mm. x 
 6 mm. imbricatis involucrantibus ; calycis limbo fere ad basin in 
 lobis foUosis ovatis ad 9 mm. x 5 mm. extus sparsissime pilosis 
 diviso ; corolla parum e calyce exserta, tubo ad 1 • 5 cm. desuper 
 glabrato insuper sparse strigoso, lobis lineari-oblongis 4-5 mm. 
 longis ; ovario strigoso (PI. VIII, 5—8). 
 
 Matto Grosso : Santa Cruz, Spencer Moore 785 ! Hbb. Mus. Brit., 
 Kew., Berol. 
 
 81. S. Tpianae Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis arachnoideo-lanatis demum glabris ; 
 foliis ellipticis utrinque angustatis 8-9 cm. x 3 • 5-4 cm., supra 
 nisi in vena centrali sparse strigosis glabris, novellis sparse arach- 
 noideis nee aliter hirsutis, subtus densius pariter indutis, petiolo 
 araneoso-lanato 5 mm. longo, stipulis parvis ca. 6 mm. X 4 mm. 
 deflexis ; floribus in capitulis paucifloris ca. 1 ■ 5 cm. diam. confertis, 
 bracteis paucis involucrantibus, pedunculo brevi ad 3-4 mm. 
 araneoso-lanato ; calycis lobis ovalibus acutis ad 9 mm. x 4 mm. ; 
 ovario lanuginoso. 
 
 Colombia : Triana 717 I Hb. Mus. Brit. 
 
 Nearly allied to the preceding Brasilian species, which it resembles 
 in the inflorescence and calyx-lobes, but readily distinguishable by 
 the light-coloured felt on the branchlets, the under side of the leaves, 
 peduncles, and ovary, as well as by the glabrous or scantily cottony 
 upper leaf-surface. The inflorescence tends to become lax after 
 maturity ; the peduncle is shorter, the petioles shorter and stouter, 
 than in 8. mattogrossensis. 
 
EUSABICEA 63 
 
 82. S. PUfa Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens parvus ramulis patule purpureo-pilosis demum 
 glabrescentibus ; foliis ellipticis basi angustatis breviter acu- 
 minatis 8—10 cm. x 4-5 cm., supra sparsiuscule hirtis subtus 
 lanugine araneoso minuto deciduo indufcis, margine oiliato venis 
 utrinque ad 18 conspicuis patule villosis, petiolo rufo-villoso ad 
 1 • 7 cm. longo, stipulis late ovatis v. subrotundis ca. 5 mm. X 
 
 7 mm. mox reflexis ; floribus albis in capitulis parvis compactis 
 4-6-floris confertis diametro vix 1'5 cm., hracteis ovatis extus 
 villosis ca. 1 cm. X 1 cm. involucrantibus, pedunculo pilis pur- 
 pureis deflexis induto 1 • 5-2 • 5 cm. longo ; calycis limbo obsolete ; 
 corollae tubo infra medium leniter angustato insuper ampliore, 
 extus glabrato 8-9 mm. longo, lobis extus sericeis lineari-lanceo- 
 latis vix 1 • 5 mm. longis ; ovario extus densissime cano-sericeo ; 
 hacca globosa dense villosa 8 mm. diam (PI. XII). 
 
 Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker 1818 1 Ebolowa, Mildhraed 5619 ! 
 Batanga, DinUage 1063 1 1153 1 1211 1 1363 1 Gaboon : Soyaux 16 I 
 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Boiss., Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 83. S. ealyeina Benth., in Hook. Niger Tl. 399 (1849). 
 Nom. vulg. (Gaboon) : Phaoloi (Jolly). 
 
 Suffrutex scandens ad 15-pedalis ramulis sericeis rarissime 
 sparse patente pilosis mox glabrescentibus ; foliis plerumque 
 ellipticis v. oblongis brevissime acuminatis basi saepius cordatis 
 
 8 cm. X 4 cm. ad 15 cm. X 8 cm., utrinque nisi in venis praecipue 
 subtus strigosis fere glabris, petiolo strigoso-pubescente ad 3-4 cm. 
 longo, stipulis ovatis acutissimis vix 1 cm. X 6-7 mm. ; 
 floribus albis v. flavido-albis in capitulis longepedunculatis con- 
 fertis multifloris, pedunculo gracillimo ca. 8 cm. nonnunquam 
 ad 12 cm. vel longiore laevi glabro, bracteis albidis insuper ssepius 
 viridiusculis basi purpureo-maculatis, involucrantibus paucis 
 exterioribus late ovatis v. suborbicularibus saepe cordatis basi 
 connatis, extus glabratis 15-17 mm.. X 15-17 mm. vel majoribus ; 
 calycis limbo fere ad basin in lobis foliosis ovatis v. oblongis 
 majoribus ca. 8 mm. X 3 mm. ad 1 • 5 cm. x 5 mm. accrescentibus 
 diviso; corollae extus saepius glaberrimae tubo ca. 1-5 cm., 
 lobis parvis 1 • 5 mm. longis late triangularibus ; fructus pedicellis 
 ad 5-6 mm. v. longioribus accrescentibus (PL XII). 
 
 Ivory Coast: Chevalier 117221 Gold Coast: Farmar S19 I Brown 
 404 1 Abdulke, Krcmse I Ashauti, Cummins 148 1 Togo-land, Bau- 
 mann 163 1 Lagos : Dodd 420 ! Rowland 55 ! Moloney 25 ! Nigeria : 
 Benin, Palisot de Beauvois 1 Eppah, Bwrter 3282 1 Between Gogo and 
 Anton, Elliott 77! Iro, Foster 1851 Oji Eiver, etc., Eitsonl Oban, 
 Talbot 114a 1 Eket, along the rivers, Talbot s. n. 1 Old Calabar, Bobb ! 
 Fernando Po : Mann 53 1 Barter 1 Vogel 85 I Buchholz I Skoropion, 
 Cross Biver, Hollamd 31 1 137 1 Cameroons : Zenker d Standi 803 I 
 Zenker 1140 1 2997 I 3877 ! 4568 ! Nachtigall ! Tessm.ann 883 1 
 
64 ilONOGEAPH OF SAEICEA 
 
 Braun 2 ! Preuss 70 ! 159 1 1151 1 1334 ! Ledermann 1014 ! 6066 
 Biisgev, 239 ! Mildhraed 5573 ! Budatis 21 ! Biriklage 707 1 Bates 
 70 ! 224 I Johnston ! Winkler 39 ! Gaboon : Libreville, Klaine 2684 1 
 . 2808 ! 2847 1 2918 ! Jolly 29 ! Congo : Mildhraed 2787 ! 2983 ! 
 Pynaert 241 ! Ketabi, Lecomte E 110 ! & s. n. ! Benito, Gidzal ! 
 Kaquinga, B. S M. Laurent I Dima, Lescrauwaet 364 I Malo, 
 Bruneell Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., BeroL, Boiss., Brux., Deless., 
 Mus. Paris. 
 
 A very distinct species, with its long glabrous peduncles and heads 
 of flowers with large foliaoeous calyx-lobes. The pedicels often 
 elongate in the fruiting stage, and the involucral bracts become 
 reflexed — an obvious device for seed-dispersal. Zenker & Staudt's 
 no. 303, with dense spreading; hairs on the branchlets, giving an 
 almost woolly appearance, may be a distinct variety. The flowers 
 may apparently be white, yellowish-white, or even violet-coloured 
 (Lecomte). 
 
 Var. hirsutiflora Wernham. 
 
 Planta floribus extus plus minus sparse strigillosis ; corollae 
 lobis angustioribus. 
 
 Togo : Von Doering 237 ! Lagos : Millen 63 ! 163 ! Bowland ! 
 MacGregor 35 1 Punch 63 ! Toruba : Millson 1 Between Ibadau and 
 Abeokuta, Sc?iZec?ifer 13024 ! Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Brux., 
 De Cand., Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 84. S. Barteri Wernham. 
 
 Suffrutex repens 1— 2-pedalis caule subtus radicante novello 
 sparse patule pilose; foliis parvis ad 6 cm. x 2 -5 cm. ellipticis 
 basi sapius rotundatis v. cordatis supra scabrello-hirtis v. glab- 
 ratis subtus praesertim in venis strigosis nee araneosis, petiolo 
 ad 1 cm., tstipulis ovatis 4-5 mm. x 4-5 mm. mox reflexis ; 
 floribus roseis in capitulis 2-3 cm. diam. pauoifloris dispositis, 
 pedunculo glabro 3-4 cm., hractek 3-4 late ovatis ca. 12 mm. 
 X 9 mm. glabris saepe rotundatis involucrantibus ; calycis limbo 
 in laciniis late lanceolatis ad 11 mm. X 3 mm. glabris acutis 
 fere ad basin diviso ; corollae extus glaberrimae tube anguste 
 infundibular! ca. 1 cm. longo, lobis brevibus late ovatis ; ovario 
 glaberrimo ; fructus pedicellis ad 6 mm. (PI. XI, 5-7). 
 
 Nigeria : Barter 1248 ! Old Calabar, Holland 118 1 Hb. Kew. 
 The only species with any manifest resemblance to the preceding 
 one. It is altogether a smaller plant, being a lowly undershrub. 
 
 85. S. eomposita Wernham. 
 
 Prutex scandens parva ramulis appressissime strigosis ; foliis 
 ovalibus ad ca. 9 cm. x 5 cm. basi rotundatis acutis vix acumi- 
 natis, supra sparse asperulo-hirtis subtus lanugine araneoso 
 dilute brunneo indutis, venis secundariis conspicuis, petiolo ad 
 2 cm., stipulis oblongo-ovalibus fere ad 1 cm. x 7 mm. acutis nee 
 reflexis ; floribus albis in capitulo ad 1 ■ 7 diam. compacto multi- 
 
EUSABICEA 65 
 
 floro confertis, hraeteis saepius 4 decussatis oblongis infra connatis 
 involucrum tubo 1 cm. alto lobis 1 cm. X 8 mm. obtusis for- 
 mantibus extus lanatis, pedunculo dense strigoso ad 3 "5 cm.; 
 calycis lobis lanceolatis acutis 5 mm. longis ; corollae extus dense 
 sericeae tubo 9 mm. lobis angustis acutis vix 1 • 5 mm. longis. 
 
 Cameroons : Mbo, 3900 ft., Ledermann 1515 I Hb. Berol. 
 
 86. S. bpunnea Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis dense patule rufo-pilosis ; foliia 
 ellipticis ad ca. 11-12 cm. X 5 '5-6 cm. utrinque acutis, supra 
 asperulo-pilosis subtus lanugine araneoso indutis discoloribus, 
 petiolo vix ad 1'5 cm., stipulis ovatis 5-7 mm. x 4-6 mm. nee 
 reflexis ; floribus albis in capitulo 8-10 mm. diam. compacto 
 paucifloro confertis, hraeteis 2 exterioribus ovato-oblongis obtusis 
 connatis, involucrum oblongum cujus tubo 5 mm. lobis 5-8 mm. 
 toto 1 cm. altitudine excedente formantibus, pedunculo 1 ■ 5- 
 2 ■ 5 cm. dense rufo-birsuto ; calycis lobis subulato-lanceolatis 
 2-3 mm. ; corollae extus insuper sericeae infra glabrae tubo 
 angusto 7—8 mm. lobis lanceolatis brevissimis ; ovario extus 
 densissime sericeo-strigoso ; hacca alba succo sanguineo (PI. XII). 
 
 S. Nigeria : Okuni and Ekom, Holland 262 1 Cameroons : Budatis 
 71 1 Winkler 1027 I Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol. 
 
 87. S. eapitellata Benth., in Hook. Niger. Fl. 398 (1849). 
 S. trichochlamys K. Schum., in Engl. Bot. Jabrb. xxxiii. 338. 
 
 Frutex sarmentosus ramulis strigosis in siccitate rufescens ; 
 foliis ovalibus 10-15 cm. x 4' 5-8' 5 cm., supra scabrello-pubes- 
 centibus subtus araneoso-lanuginosis incanis, venis secundariis 
 utrinque 12-15, jietiolo elongato nonnunquam longissimo, stipulis 
 rotundatis reflexis ca. 5 mm. x 8 mm. ; floribus albidis in capitulis 
 6-10-floris ca. 1 cm. diam. compactis confertis, pedunculo obsoleto 
 raro fere ad 1 cm. attingente densissime strigoso-sericeo, hraeteis 
 involucrantibus saepius 4 decussatis late ovatis acumiriatis acutis 
 ca. 6 mm. X 4 mm. extus lanatis basi connatis ; calycis lobis 
 linearibus ad 3-4 mm. ; corolla extus superne sparse sericea, 
 tubo ad 1 cm. insuper infundibulari ore 3-4 mm. lato, lobis 
 ovatis patentibus 2-3 mm. longis ; fructus albidi pedicellis nee 
 conspicuis (PI. XII). 
 
 Fernando Po : M(mn 41 1 Vogel 88 1 Mildbraed 6851 1 Cameroons : 
 Bates 78 1 78a 1 Buchholz 1 Bilsgen 484 ! Dinhlage 561 ! 788 ! 1062 ! 
 1362 ! Ledermann 714 ! Mamn 2198 I Zenker 1141 1 Gaboon : Libre- 
 ville, Klaiine 7661 8121 1532 1 28691 Congo: Basin of B. Nsele, 
 Butane 14:591 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Boiss., Brux., Mus. 
 Paris. 
 
 The type is Mann 41. The specimen in the Paris herbarium 
 
 F 
 
66 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 has leaves exceeding 15 em. x 8'5 cm. — broadly elliptic oblong — with 
 petiole over 11 cm. long. The flowers are said to be violet in Elaine's 
 Gaboon plants. 
 
 Var. insularls Wernham. 
 
 Planta minus hirsuta, nee ramulis nee inflorescentia arach- 
 noideis ; foliis supra fere glabris ; calycis lobis 4 • 5 mm. fructu ad 
 5 mm. lineari-oblongis accrescentibus ; corolla minore, tube 6 mm. 
 lobis 1 • 5 mm. longis. 
 
 St. Thomas Is. : Chevalier 14622 ! Hb. Mus. Paris. 
 
 88. S. Talbotii Wernham, in Cat. Talb. Niger. PI. 43 (1913). 
 
 Frutex sarmentosus ramulis strigosis ; foliis ellipticis 8-9 cm. x 
 3 '5-4 cm. supra scabrellis subtus sparsissime nisi in venis 
 densiuscule strigosis nee araneosis nee lanatis, petiolo ad. 1 cm., 
 stipulis inter minores ; florihus in capitulis compactis confertis 
 ca. 1 cm. diam., pedunculo brevissimo, hracteis paucis ovalibus 
 involucrantibus basi connatis ; calycis limbo in laciniis linearibus 
 diviso vix 3 mm. longis, corolla extus insuper strigosa ca. 1 cm. 
 longa lobis brevibus angustis, ovario densissime cano-sericeo- 
 hirsuto (PI. XII). 
 
 S. Nigeria : Oban, Talbot 2032 1 Hb. Mus. Brit. 
 
 Very near the preceding species, but easily separated by the 
 absence of felt on the leaves ; also the involuoral bracts are bearded 
 on the inside in this species, not glabrous as in S. capitellata ; and 
 the heads tend to be aggregated at the ends of the shoots in 
 S. Talbotii. 
 
 89. S. fulva Wernham. 
 
 Frutex parva scandens ramulis dense f ulvo-tomentosis ; foliis 
 ellipticis ad 9-10 cm. x 5-5 '5 cm., supra sparse scabrello-hirtis 
 subtus in venis dense f ulvo-sericeo-strigosis aliter sparse puberulis 
 nee araneosis, petiolo ad 1—2 cm., stipulis parvis ovatis ca. 4-5 mm. 
 basi 5 mm. latis ; florihus albis in capituHs compactis confertis 
 diam. vix 1 cm., pedunculo obsolete v. brevissimo, hracteis 
 paucis involucrantibus extus densissime fulvo-sericeis imbricatis, 
 exterioribus 2 altitudinis usque ad 3 mm. connatis ; calycis limbo 
 in laciniis lanceolatis acutis 4 mm. longis ca. ad medium diviso ; 
 corollas anguste infundibularis tubo extus infra glabro insuper 
 dense sericeo-strigoso 7 mm., lobis erectis lanceolato-oblongis 
 3 • 5 mm. longis extus densissime sericeis. 
 
 Cameroons : Lomi, Mildbraed 5424 1 Hb. Berol. 
 Dififers from the preceding species especially in the shape of the 
 corolla. 
 
 90. S. Johnstonii K. Schum. MS. 
 
 Frutex ramulis plus minus appresse rufo-pilosis ; foliis ellipticis 
 ca. 8'5 cm. x 4 cm. breviter acuminatis acutis basi saepius 
 
EUSA.BICEA 67 
 
 angustatis, supra in venis praesertim in oentrali strigillosis v. 
 puberulis aliter nisi in juventute hirtellis glabratis, subtus in 
 venis strigosis conspicuis, secundariis utrinque 15-18, aliter 
 lanugine araneoso candido mirruto indutis discoloribus, petiolo ad 
 ca. 8 mm., stipulis late ovalibus 4-5 mm. x 5—6 mm. reflexis ; 
 florihus in capitulis compactis 2-3 cm. diam. multifloris confertis, 
 pedunculo arachnoideo vel dense appresse rufo-piloso 5-6 cm., 
 hracteis paucis ovatis acuminatis ca. 1 cm. x 6 mm. involucrantibus, 
 extus saepe araneoso-lanatis intus glabris demum reflexis, pedicellis 
 2-3 mm. gracilibus fructu ad 5-7 mm. v. longiore elongatis ; 
 calycis limbo infra medium in laciniis lanceolatis acutis flore ad 
 4 mm. fructu ad 7 mm. diviso ; corollae extus glabrae tubo 
 insuper infundibulari 7 mm. longo ore 2-3 mm. lato, lobis latis 
 vix 2 mm. longis deflexis ; haccis glabrescentibus ad 5 mm. diam. 
 in capitulis globosis ad 3 cm. diam. dispositis, pedicellis ssepius 
 conspicuis (PI. XII). 
 
 Nigeria : Cross Elver Expedition, Johnston 1 Old Calabar, Holland 
 95 ! Eket, along the rivers, Talbot I Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol. 
 
 91. S. pedleellata Wernham, in Cat. Talb. Niger. PI. 42 
 (1913). 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis aracbnoideis canis demum glabres- 
 centibus ; foliis ovato-ellipticis longiuscule acuminatis obtusius- 
 culis, 8-10 cm. x 3-5-5 cm., supra in vena ipsa centrali 
 glaberrimis juventute sparse aracbnoideis nee aliter pilosis subtus 
 dense arachnoideo-lanatis discoloribus, venis secundariis utrinque 
 ca. 12, petiole ad 1 cm., stipulis a basi 3-4 mm. lato 4—5 mm. 
 longis demum reflexis ; florihus in capitulis ca. 1 ■ 5 diam. confertis 
 multifloris, pedunculo 1 " 5—3 cm. araneoso, hracteis involucrantibus 
 paucis ovatis v. suborbioularibus nee acuminatis vix imbricatis 
 subuniseriatis, 5 ■ 5 mm. X 5 mm., extus araneosis intus glabris 
 fuscis demum reflexis ; calycis lobis brevissimis oblongis mox 
 valde deflexis 2 mm. x 1 mm. ; corolla a basi leniter ampliata 
 extus nisi loborum deltoideorum brevium basin versus puberula 
 glabra, ad 8 mm. longa, ore 2 • 5 mm. lata ; ovario subgloboso 
 extus arachnoideo ; fructus pedicellis gracillimis ad 7 mm. longis 
 (PI. XII, showing fruit, a, and flower, h). 
 
 South Nigeria : Oban, Talbot 1367 1 2033 ! 
 
 Very distinct in its uniseriate, early reflexed involucre, and the 
 very short, relatively broad calyx-lobes, which are tooth-like in the 
 flower, soon becoming strongly deflexed and adpressed to the ovary - 
 wall. Apart from the whitish felt the plant is practically glabrous. 
 
 92. S. lanuginosa Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis incano-arachnoideis demum glabres- 
 centibus ; foliis ovalibus vix acuminatis obtusis ad 12 cm. x 6 cm., 
 
 F 2 
 
68 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 supra ipsa in vena centrali glaberrimis, juventute sparse arach- 
 noideis subtus dense arachnoideo-lanatis pallide discoloribus, 
 venis secundariis utrinque 10—14, petiolo 1'5— 2'5 cm,, stipulis 
 late oblongo-ovatis ca. 4 mm. X 5 mm. reflexis ; floribus in capituUs 
 ca. 1"5 cm. diam. confertis multifloris, pedunculo 3-4 cm. 
 araneoso, capitulis nonnunquam 2—3 in cyma 2— 3-cliotoma con- 
 fertis, bracteis involuciantibus paucis saepius ovatis ca. 5 mm. 
 X 4 mm., extus araneosis intus glabris fuscis ; calyds lobis 
 oblongo-lanceolatis ad 3-4 mm., demum patentibus nee valde 
 reflexis ; corollae extus arachnoideo-glabratae tubo 6-7 mm. 
 insuper parum ampliato, lobis ovatis 1 " 5 mm. X 2 mm. deflexis ; 
 fructu manifeste pedicellate (PI. IX, 1-3). 
 
 Lagos: Miller 501 681 701 Hbb. Kew., Berol. 
 
 93. S. braehiata Wernham. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis celerrime glabrescentibus, florentibus 
 8-1 2 cm. longis divaricatis ; foliis ellipticis vix acuminatis ad ca. 
 7 cm. X 4 cm., supra in vena centrali glaberrimis juventute 
 sparse arachnoideis subtus griseis araneoso-lanuginosis, venis 
 secundariis paucis utrinque 6-8, petiolo vix ad 1 cm. ; florihm 
 albis in capitulis confertis 1'5— 2 cm. diam. multifloris, ftracies's 
 involucrantibus paucis ovalibus ca. 5 mm. X 4 mm., pedunculo 
 araneoso ad 1 ■ 5-1 ■ 8 cm. ; calyds lobis lanceolatis ca. 3 mm. 
 longis nee reflexis ; corolla extus dense sericeo-pilosa, insuper 
 parum ampliata 8—9 mm. longa, lobis angustis I'O mm. longis, 
 fructu subsessili. 
 
 Cameroons : Tibati, 2900 ft., Ledermann 2450 1 Hb. Berol. 
 
 94. S. erueiata Wernham. 
 
 Prutex scandens ramulis densissime rufo-sericeis tarde gla- 
 brescentibus ; foliis ellipticis ad 12 cm. x 7 cm. brevissime 
 acuminatis acutis, supra ipsis in venis glaberrimis subtus in venis 
 dense sericeis aliter lanugine f usco-ruf o minuto densissimo indutis, 
 petiolo ad 1 cm., stipulis ovalibus ad 7 mm. x 6 mm. nee mox 
 reflexis ; floribus albo-viridibus in capitulis compactis confertis ca. 
 2 cm. diam., bracteis involucrantibus paucis, exterioribus 2 ca. 
 12 mm. X 7 mm. acuminatis connatis, pedunculo ad 5 cm. dense 
 appresse piloso ; calyds laciniis lanceolato-oblongis acutissimis 
 4-5 mm. longis ciliatis ; corollae tubo 9-10 mm. longo basi 
 ventricoso insuper parum ampliato, extus nisi insuper glaberrimo, 
 lobis angustis ca. 1 • 5 mm. longis suberectis (PI. XII). 
 
 Cameroons : Lomi, Mildbraed 5433 ! Bebai, Tcssmann 751 1 
 Hb. Berol. 
 
EUSABICEA. 69 
 
 95. S. Duparquetiana H. Baillon MS. 
 
 Frutex ramulis sparsim patente pilosis ; foliis saepe obovatis 
 8 cm. X 4 • 5 cm. raro excedentibus, supra nisi in vena central! 
 subtus nisi in venis strigillosis glaberrimis, reticulo tertiario 
 subtus valde conspicuo ; floribus in capitulis ca. 1 " 5 cm. diam. 
 paucifloris compactis, pedunculo validiusculo 5 mm. longo, hracteis 
 paucis involucrantibus exterioribus 2 connatis sparse strigosis ; 
 calycis sparsiuscule strigillosi tubo oa. 3 mm., lobis fere ad 1 cm. 
 infra medium erectis insuper curvato-patentibus ; eoroUae tubo 
 latiusculo insuper leniter ampliato extus strigoso infra glabrato, 
 8-9 mm. longo, ore 3-4 mm. lato, lobis validis lanceolatis 
 5 mm. X 2 mm. 
 
 Gaboon : Dv/pa/rquet I Hb. Mus. Paris. 
 
 This and the next species are. distinguished by their relatively 
 smooth and subglabrous organs in comparison with the typical 
 members of the genus ; and by the compact, few-flowered capitula 
 with very definite involucres of connate bracts. 
 
 96. S. Robbii Wernham. 
 
 Frutex 12— 15-pedalis ramulis strigosis tardiuscule glabres- 
 centibus ; foliis plerumque ellipticis ad 9-11 cm. x 4 cm., obtuso 
 apioe, basi acutis, supra praecipue in venis asperulo-pubescentibus 
 subtus pariter nisi in venis strigosis indutis nee araneosis nee 
 lanatis, petiolo 15-14 mm., stipulis ovatis ca. 4 mm. X 4 mm. mox 
 deciduis : floribus in capitulis ca. 1 • 5 cm. diam. paucifloris com- 
 pactis nonnunquam 2-3 in cyma 2-3-cbotoma confertis, pedunculo 
 validiusculo saepe leniter curvato 2-2 '5 cm. sparsiuscule et 
 inconspicue strigoso, bracteis paucis involucrantibus 2 exterioribus 
 connatis ovatis concavis parte libero ca. 8 mm. connato ad 
 2-3 mm., extus sparse strigillosis; calycis tubo 2*5 mm. lobis 
 5-6 mm. longis oblongis extus strigillosis ad 9-10 mm. accres- 
 centibus ; corallae tubo latiusculo insuper leniter ampliato extus 
 in dimidio inferiore glabro insuper lineatim strigoso, 8-9 mm. 
 longo, ore 3—4 mm. lato, lobis patentibus crassiusculis lanceolatis 
 ad 4 mm. x 1 "5 mm. (PI. X, 1, 2). 
 
 Old Calabar : Bohh ! Hb. Mus. Brit. Gaboon : Libreville, Klcdne 
 771 1 2531 1 Sea-shore, Thollon 14 I Njobe, Ogooue, Thollon 60 ! Hb. 
 Mus. Paris. 
 
 Nearly related to the preceding species, from which it differs in the 
 indumentum of the shoot, the larger and differently-shaped leaves, and 
 the length of the peduncle. The inflorescence is typically an umbel 
 of 3-4 heads, with a common and partial involucres. 
 
 97. S. trigemina K. Sebum., in Engl. Bot. Jabrb. xxviii. 59 
 (1899). Nom. vulg. (Pabouin) : Oudvihoui. 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis sericeo-strigosis tardiuscule glabres- 
 centibus ; foliis ovatis v. oblongis in ramulis florentibus ad 
 
70 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 8-11 cm. x3-5'5 cm., venis secundariis utrinque ca. 9, in sterilis 
 ad 14 cm. x 9 cm. venis utrinque 20, utrinque nisi in venis supra 
 sparsissime subtus densius strigosis glabris, petiolo 1 ■ 5 cm.- 
 2 '5 cm., stipulis ovatis acutis 3-14 mm. x 4—15 mm. reflexis ; 
 floribus albis in capitulis 3-6-floris dispositis 1 • 5-2 cm. diam., 
 pedunculo 5—8 mm. validiusculo, hracteis involucrantibus ovatis 
 acutis basi vix connatis extus strigillosis ; ealycis limbo tubuloso 
 extus sericeo tubo 3-4 mm. lobis 2 • 5-3 • 5 mm. oblongis obtusis ; 
 corolla infundibulari extus sericea tubo 9—10 mm. ore 4 mm. lato 
 lobis patentibus lanceolatis 4 mm. longis ; hcbcca rubra (PI. XII). 
 
 Cameroons: Bipinde, 1300 ft., .Zenker 1821 1 Gaboon: Libreville, 
 Klaine\ Jolly 126\ Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Boiss., Mus. Paris. 
 
 98. S. Laurentii De Wild. Miss. Laur. 276 (1906). 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis appresse pilosis demum glabres- 
 centibus ; foliis ad 6—7 cm. x 3-3 • 5 cm. elKpticis basi acutis 
 breviter acuminatis, utrinque nisi sparsissime in venis strigosis 
 glabratis, ^etioZo ad ca. 12 mm., stipulis rotundo-ovatis 5 mm. x 
 5 mm. ; floribus albis in capitulis parvis 7-9 mm. diam. paucifloris 
 confertis, pedunculo strigilloso 1—2 "5 cm. longo, hracteis involu- 
 crantibus ovatis decussato-imbricatis basi subliberis extus gla- 
 bratis ; ealycis limbo in laciniis 2 mm. obtusis diviso, tubo 
 3-4 mm. ; corollae tubo extus glabro 6-7 mm., lobis lanceolatis 
 extus dense sericeis 3 mm. longis ; fructu extus birsuto, ealycis 
 limbo tubuloso ad 4^5 mm. longo persistente coronato. 
 
 Cameroons : Tessmann 654 1 Lomi, Mildbraed 5416 ! Ebolowa, 
 Mildbraed 56211 Congo: Eala, M. Laurent 902 1 Pynaert 5101 
 1228 ! 1710 1 Bomdaka-Nbole, Flamigni 73 ! Basoko forest, Claessens 
 648 1 742 ! Kasai, Pogge 979 I Hbb. Berol., Brux. 
 
 Var. velutina De Wild., loc. cit. 
 Planta vUlosior praesertim fructu. 
 
 Congo : Lulonga, M. S M. Laurent ! Likimu, MaZchair 828 1 
 Boanga, Jespersen I Hb. Brux. 
 
 De Wildeman [loc. cit.) recognises a second variety, Pynaertii, 
 with the characters of glabrous calyx-lobes longer than the tube of 
 the limb. I am inclined, however, to refer the plants on which he 
 bases this variety, named below, to the type-species :— 
 
 Congo : New Anvers, Pynaert 12 1 Eala, Pynaert 579 ! Hb. Brux. 
 
 The calyx in this species and its allies displays a noticeable 
 tendency to glabrousness, and the relative size of the lobes and limb 
 is largely a matter of stage of development ; I have found the latter 
 character frequently misleading in dealing with this genus. 
 
 99. S. Dinklagei K. Sebum., in Engl. Bot. xxiii. 428 (1897). 
 Frutex glaber scandens ad 14-pedalis ramulis nisi natu 
 
 minimis sparse strigillosis glaberrimis ; foliis elliptico-oblongis 
 
EUSABICEA 71 
 
 breviuscule obtuse acuminatis basi acutis, fere glabris, 3-7 cm. x 
 1-3 cm., venis secundariis utrinque 6-7, petiolo brevissimo vix ad 
 3 mm. ; florihus in capifculis paucifloris parvis vix 1 cm. diam. 
 confertis, pedunculo l'5-2 cm. glabro, involucri bracteis 
 extimis suborbicularibus obtusis glabris intimis spathulatis multo 
 minoribus ; calycis tubo 3-4 mm. lobis vix 2 mm. obtusis ; corolla 
 extus superne strigosa tubo 4 mm. lobis 1 • 5 mm. longis ; bacca 
 grisea succo nigricante (PI. XII). 
 
 Cameroons : Batanga, Dinhlage 1124 ! 1284 ! Congo : Bangala, 
 1000 ft., Rena 139 1 Hbb. Kew., Berol., Brux., Deless. 
 
 Similar to the preceding species, but readily distinguished by the 
 almost glabrous branohlets .and peduncles, and by the smaller and 
 differently-shaped corolla. 
 
 100. S. Dewevrei De Wild., in Ann. Mus. Congo III. i. 112 
 (1901). 
 
 Prutex scandens ramulis pilis longis patulis sparsim indutis 
 tardeglabrescentibus; /oZms ellipticis utrinque acuminatis 15 cm. X 
 6-7 cm., apice obtuso margine longe piloso, aliter mox glabres- 
 centibus, venis secundariis utrinque 8 paullo prominentibus, 
 stipulis suborbicularibus glabris fere 1 • 5 cm. longis ; florihus albis 
 sessilibus in glomerulis, pedunculo 1 " 5-3 cm. longe primo birsuto 
 demum glabro confertis, bracteis involucrantibus suborbicularibus 
 2-2 • 5 cm. X 2-2 • 5 cm. basi connatis intus ad basin pilosis ; 
 calycis limbo tubuloso 12-15 mm. x 5-6 mm., lobis 5 brevibus 
 2-3 mm. x 2—3 mm. margine ciliato, intus nisi ad basin piloso 
 glabro ; corolla tubulosa exserta apice strigoso tubo gracili extus 
 basin versus glabro 15—18 mm. x 1 mm., lobis 5 ovatis acutis ca. 
 2 mm. X 1 mm. extus longe pilosis ; ovario subglabro. 
 
 Congo : Waboundou, Dewevre 1143 ! Eala, M. Laurent 1597 1 
 Bomb4, coffee-plantations, Claessens 711 !, Hb. Brux. 
 
 Var. a. latifolla De Wild., Miss. Laur. 276 (1906). 
 Planta foliis multo majoribus 18-22 '5 cm. X 8-12 cm. 
 saepius basi cordatis late ovalibus. 
 
 Congo : Isangi, Ifuta, E. A M. Laurent I Hb. Brux. 
 
 Var. j8. glabra Wernbam. 
 
 Ad 6-pedalis scandens, ramulis petiolisque glabris ; /o/?/x 
 minoribus; pedunculis 5-11 mm. glaberrimis ; florihus roseis 
 (PI. IX, 4, 5). 
 
 Congo : Irumu, 3250-3575 ft., Mildbraed 2823 ! Hb. Berol. 
 
 101. S. gigantea Wernbam. Nom. vulg. (Kasai) : Mokesse. 
 
 Arbor magna ramulis glabris ; foliis oblongis ad 1 5 cm. X 6 
 cm. saepius breviter acuminatis, utrinque nisi subtus in venis et 
 margine pilis paucis conspersis strigillosis glaberrimis, petiolo ad 
 
72 MOXOGEAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 1 • 5 cm. subglabro vel supra sfcrigoso, stipulis glabris ovafcis vix 
 acutis ca. 1-7 cm. X 1 " 6 cm. ; floribus in capitulis subsessilibus 
 pedunculo glaberrimo oonfertis ca. 6-lloro ca. 2 • cm. diam.,. feraciew 
 2-3 suborbicularibus ca. 1 ' 5 cm. X 2 cm. glaberrimis connatis, 
 involucrum cupularem intus basi dense sericeo-pilosum formanti- 
 bus ; calyce tubuloso ca. 15 mm. X 5 mm. dentibus oblongis 
 obtusis 3 '5 mm. demum ad 6 mm. longis, basi 2'5 mm. latis. 
 
 Kasai : Sapin I Hb. Brux. 
 
 " Grand arbre des forets." The mounted specimens bear a close 
 resemblance to the preceding species ; the chief distinction lies in the 
 tree-habit, in the almost complete glabrousness, the size and shape of 
 the stipules and of the calyx-lobes. 
 
 The structure of the oupular involucre in this and the preeeding 
 species illustrates the transition to the genus Stipularia. The bracts 
 are often connate in the inflorescences of Capitatae, but never to such 
 a degree as in these two species, which appear to be considerably 
 isolated from the rest. 
 
 Sectio iv. Floribund.e Wernham. 
 
 Frutices scandentes ; inflorescentia cymosa composita demum 
 paniculata diffusa laxa floribunda, cymulorum bracteis conspicuis. 
 
 102. S. segpegata Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 77 (1877). 
 S. Henningsiana Biittn., in Verb. Bot. Ver. Brand, xxxi. 79. 
 
 Frutex scandens 15-pedalis, ramulis dense appresse pilosis 
 demum glabrescentibus ; foUis ovatis saepe longiuscule acuminatis 
 acutis ad ca. 11 cm. x 5'5 cm. basi rotundatis, supra asperulo- 
 pubescentibus subtus nisi in venis utrinque 12-16 appresse 
 pilosis glabrescentibus, petiolo 1-2 cm., stipulis ovatis acutis 
 ca. 7 mm. x 9 mm. extus glabratis ; floribus griseis vix 5 mm. 
 longis breviter pedicellatis in panicuUs cymosis compositis demum 
 valde diffusis et laxis dispositis, cymulorum bracteis conspicuis 
 anguste ovabbus v. oblongis nee involucrantibus ; calycis lobis 
 ad 4 mm. sublinearibus ; corollae extus puberulae tubo ca. 3 mm. 
 lobis ovatis ; ovario bilooulari ; bacca sparsissime puberula a 
 calycis persistentis lobis 5-6 mm. x 1-1 " 5 coronata, paniculo 
 fructescente ca. 9 cm. x 5 cm. metiente. 
 
 Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker ! Gaboon : Elaine 100 1 123 ! 377 1 
 Paver Muni, Mann 1766 ! between Gaboon and Sibange, Bilttner 437 1 
 443 ! DinUage 591 ! French Congo : Ogoou^, N'Djole, Thollon 117 1 
 Hbb. Kew., Berob, Mus. Paris. 
 
 The nearest ally to the next species ; but the inflorescences are 
 much less extensive and the bracts less conspicuous. 
 
 103. S. floribunda K. Sebum., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. 428 
 
 (1897). 
 
 Frutex scandens ramulis appresse pilosis deinde glabratis ; 
 foliis ovatis v. oblongis breviuscule acuminatis acutis, 8-17 cm. 
 
EUSABICEA 73 
 
 X 5 '5-8 '5 cm., basi lotundatis v. subcordatis, utrinque nisi 
 subtus in venis supra in vena media appresse pilosis glabris, 
 venis secundariis utrinque 20 v. pluribus, x^^^'^olo 1-2-5 cm., 
 stipulis ovatis aouminatis extus puberulis ; floribiis albo-viridibus 
 in cyniulorum paniculis ad 30 cm. longis diffusis laxis floribundis 
 folia longe superantibus sessilibus, pedunculo valido 12 cm. v. 
 longiore, cymulorum hracteis foliaceis conspicuis suborbicularibus 
 ad ca. 12 mm. x 9 mm. ; calycis lobis obtusis glabris subfoliaceis 
 ca. 2 mm. longis; corolla 5 mm. longa extus nisi in loborum 
 apice glabra cylindracea tubo 1 '5 mm. lato ; fructu albido. 
 
 S. Nigeria : Oban, Talbot 228 1 Cameroons : Ledermann 918 I 
 MiUhraed 5122 ! 5141 1 Rudatis 52 ! Staudt 1 ! 159 1 Tessmann 716 ! 
 Zenker 1820! 3232! Congo: Djuma valley, Gentill Kimuenza, 
 Gillet 1749 1 Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew., Berol., Boiss., Brux., De Cand., 
 Deless., Holm., Mus. Paris. 
 
 Var. paueinervis Wernham. 
 
 Foliorum venis secundariis distantibus utrinque 10-12 planta 
 omnino glabrior (PL X, 3-5). 
 
 Cameroons : Batanga, Dinklage 748 1 1391 ! Hb. Berol. 
 
 A very distinct species, at once recognizable by the large, very 
 diffuse, panicle of small cymes, with conspicuous orbicular bracts, and 
 small tubular glabrous flowers. 
 
 Species appinitatis dubi<e. 
 
 104. S. bracteolata Wernbam. 
 
 Frutex ramulis dense rufo-pubescentibus validiusculis tarde 
 glabrescentibus ; foUis ellipticis ad ca. 10 "5 cm. X 4' 5 cm., 
 utrinque angustatis, utrinque nisi in venis pubescentibus v. 
 sfcrigillosis glabris, venis secundariis utrinque ca. 10, petiolo 
 ca. 11 mm., stipulis ovatis ca. 3-4 mm. x 3 mm. nisi parte 
 inferiore brevissimo persistente caducis nee reiiexis ; floribus 
 saepius in axillis solitariis, pedicello 2-3 mm. cujus in apice 
 6racieo?«s saepius 2 ovatis acuminatis 1— 1-5 mm. longis patenti- 
 bus ; calycis extus dense appresse-pubescentis lobis oblongo- 
 lanceolatis ca. 4 mm. subacutis tubo 2 mm. longo ; corollae extus 
 dense appresse subsericeo-pubescentis tubo latiusculo, in alabastro 
 cylindrico ad 14 mm. metiente. 
 
 French Guinea: Labe, Chevalier 12390! Hbb. Kew., Berol., 
 De Cand., Deless., Mus. Paris. 
 
 None of the specimens which I have examined bears an open 
 corolla ; and the extreme reduction of the inflorescence further masks 
 the affinity of the species — though it is undoubtedly, I think, referable 
 to Sabicea. 
 
74 MONOGRAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 105. S. veptieillata Wernham. 
 
 Frutex ramulis dense et longiuscule flavo-viride pubescentibus ; 
 foliis in verticillis saepius 3-natis, coriaceis, obovatis v. ellipticis 
 ca. 7-9 cm. x 3 ■ 5-4 • 3 cm. breviter subitoque acuminatis sub- 
 acutis, basin versus rotundatum leniter angustatis, utrinque sparse 
 scabridis, supra dilute viridibus venis conspicuis impressis, subtus 
 griseo-brunneis venis dense puberulis prominentibus, secundariis 
 utrinque ca. 12, petiolo brevissimo validiusculo dense puberulo, 
 stipulis latis breviusculis in setis paucis fere ad basin divisis; 
 fioribus in axillis solitariis, pedicello ad ca. 5 mm. hirsute, 
 bracteolis 2-3 lanceolatis 5 mm. longis ; calycis lobis lanceolatis 
 densiuscule hirtis ad 9 mm. longis ; corollae tubo graciU, extus 
 sparsiuscule patente piloso, 1 • 7-2 cm. longo apicem versus plus 
 minus subito ampliato, lobis glabris lineari-lanceolatis 9 mm. 
 longis. 
 
 North Madagascar : Humblot 213 ! ex Hb. Drake in Hb. Mus. PariS. 
 
 Remarkable for the whorled leaves, and the solitary flowers with 
 slender corolla and narrow lobes nearly a centimetre long. The 
 fimbriate stipules suggest afiinity with the other Madagascar species ; 
 but in view of the verticillate leaves — unique for the genus — and 
 solitary pedicellate flowers, the systematic position of this species 
 must remain lq doubt for the present. 
 
 Species excludend*. 
 S. aurea Steud. Nom. ed. i. 712 = Coccocypselum aureum. 
 
 S. erinita A. Rich. Mem. See. Hist. Nat. Par. v. 228. 
 
 A Madagascar plant, which I have examined in the Paris Herbarium. 
 The flowers are in too young a state for certain determination ; but I 
 have little hesitation in excluding this plant from the genus Sdbicea. 
 The inflorescences are terminal on the shoots and densely clothed 
 with rufous hairs : it may be a new species of Flagenium. 
 
 S. edulis Seem, in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. (1851) 266. 
 
 Collected in Panama on the "Herald" voyage. It is stated to 
 bear an edible fruit, the common name being madrono de comer. In 
 his account of the voyage, however (Bot. Her. 136 (1854) ), Seemann 
 identifies the same fruit with that oi Alibertia edulis A. Rich. — which 
 is clearly, therefore, synonymous with Sahicea edulis. 
 
 S. gulanensis Baill. Hist. PI. vii. 320 (Guiana) = Patima 
 guianensis Aubl. 
 
 S. maerophylla Steud. Nom. ed. ii. 489 = Palicoureae sp. 
 
 S. Moralesii Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 124 (Cuba) = Ladantlms 
 Moralesii Wright. 
 
EUSABICEA 75 
 
 S. Perpottetii A. Rich. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. v. 228 = 
 Uncariae sp. 
 
 S. pumila Bartl. ex DC. Prod. iv. 440. 
 
 Habitat, " in Peruviae montibus Huanoooensibus." The descrip- 
 tion reads, " caule herbaceo glabro, foliis oblongo-lanoeolatis glabris 
 sericeo-ciliatis, stipulis subulatis, capitulis pedunoulatis axillaribus 
 pauoifloris " (Hb. Haenke). 
 
 The glabrousnes3-and the subulate stipules suggest that the plant 
 is not rightly placed in Sahicea. The material in the De Candolle 
 herbarium, which I have examined, is very scanty, and inadequate 
 for certain determination ; but the leaf, which is quite glabrous except 
 for the hirtous mid-rib, and has the veins flattened on the lower 
 surface, is manifestly unlilce that of any Sabioea species. It suggests 
 Hoffmannia. 
 
 S. purpurea A. Rich. loc. cit. 228, and S. tomentosa A. Rich. 
 loc. cit., both Brasilian plants, are unmentioned by Schumann in 
 the Flora Brasiliensis. I have examined the respective types 
 in the Paris Herbarium. Both have pedunculate capitate 
 inflorescences — a very rare feature among the American species 
 of Sahicea; and the linear to linear-subulate stipules do not 
 suggest Sahicea. Both, I conclude, are species of Coccocypselum 
 — the latter being clearly G. canescens Willd. 
 
 S. setosa A. Rich. loc. cit. is Flagenium setosum Wernham, 
 comb. nov. Frutex ramuhs pubescentibus ; /oZm oblongis 13 cm. 
 X 4 cm. breviter acuminatis acutis basi rotundatis, petiolo 
 3—4 mm., supra nisi in vena centrali strigillosis glabris, subtus 
 in venis dense aliter sparsim brunneo-pubescentibus, stipulis 
 subulato-acuminatis ; floribus in fasciculis multifloris diametro ad 
 2 • 5—3 cm. confertis ; calycis laciniis setaceis 7-8 mm. sparsiuscule 
 hirtellis ; corollae infundibularis glabrae tubo 1 ■ 2 cm. longo, ore 
 ca. 8 mm. lato, lobis oblongis 7-8 mm. X 3 mm. 
 
 Madagascar : Chapelier I Hb. Mus. Paris. , 
 
 The contorted aestivation of the corolla, apart from any other 
 character, excludes this plant from the genus Sahicea. 
 
 S. triflora DC. Prod. iv. 439. Triosteum triflorum Vahl, 
 Symb. iii. 37 = Flagenium triflorum Baill. (see Wernham, in 
 Journ. Bet. li. (1913) 12). 
 
SUMMAEY OF COLLECTOES 
 
 The numbers o£ the species are in round brackets ( ). Collectors' 
 numbers are unbraoketed ; unnumbered specimens appear first in order 
 of specific number; the rest follow in order of collector's number. 
 
 CONTINENTAL AFRICA. 
 
 Afzelius. (13), (39). 
 Allard. 146 (13), 348 (69). 
 
 Babtee. (39), (83), 1248 (84), 3282 
 
 (83). 
 Bates. 70 (83), 78 (87), ISa (87), 
 
 224 (83), 398 (75), 423 (3a), 536 
 
 (62), 770 (72S). 
 Baumann. 163 (83), 256 (70). 
 Beauvois, Pamsot de. (83). 
 Bbaun. 2 (83), 1936 (17). 
 Beown. 296 (15), 404 (83). 
 Beunbki;. (83). 
 BucHHOLZ. (83), (87). 
 Bunting. (19), 28 (19). 
 BUETON. (37 ?). 
 
 BiisGEN. 239 (83), 451 (3), 484 (87). 
 BuTAYE. (60), 1459 (87), 1487 (60). 
 BtJTTNEB. 73 (70), 263 (41), 437 
 
 (102), 440 (13), 443 (102), 447 (37), 
 
 749 (70). 
 
 Cabka. 93 (36). 
 
 Ohbvalibb. 5069 (135), 12390(104), 
 12687 (39), 14622 (87;8), 15343 (19), 
 17232 (37?), 17664 (19), 17722 (83). 
 
 Clabssens. 113 (16), 161 (16), 173 
 (71), 648 (98), 711 (100), 742 (98). 
 
 CoNEAU. 218 (41), 247 (40). 
 
 Cummins. 148 (83). 
 
 261 (13). 
 
 145 (37), 287 (37), 1143 
 
 Dembuse. 
 
 DEWfevBB. 
 (100). 
 
 DiNKLAGE. 548 (78), 561 (87), 591 
 (102), 707 (S3), 743 (1033), 788 
 (87), 1011 (3), 1062 (87), 1063 (82), 
 1124 (99), 1153 (82), 1211 82), 
 1284 99), 1362 (87), 1363 (82), 
 1391 (1033), 1902 (193), 1903 (193 , 
 2188 (19), 2224 (13), 2476 (19), 
 2509 (39), 2540 (76), 2563 (76). 
 
 DoDD. 420 (83). 
 VON DoEEiNG. 237 (833). 
 Don. (13), (39), (76). 
 dupaequbt. (95). 
 DuEUis. (16). 
 Dybowski. 157 (16). 
 
 Elliot, Scott. 3871 (39), 4175 (39), 
 
 5276 (13). 
 Elliott, W. E. 77 (83). 
 Engleb. 675 (17), 676 (17), 709 
 
 (17). 
 
 Paemab. 234 (39), 379 (83). 
 Plamigni. 73 (98). 
 Poster. 185 (83). 
 
 Gentil. (103). 
 
 GiLLBT. 148 (69), 159 (13), 357 
 (13), 775 (60), 1390 (13), 1749 
 (103), 1911 (n), 2024 (71), 2179 
 (18), 2572 (37), 2760 (13), 2779 
 (13), 3520 (603). 
 
 GoETZE. 209 (17). 
 
 GOSSWBILEE. 601 (38). 
 
 GuiZAL. (78), (83). 
 
 Hens. 139 (99). 
 Heudelot. 821 (13). 
 Holland. 31 (83), 95 (90), 118 (84), 
 137 (83), 262 (86). 
 
 Jespeesen. (983). 
 Johnston. (83), (90). 
 Jolly. 29 (83), 79 (78), 97 (13), 
 126 (97). 
 
 Keesting. 146 (70). 
 KiTSON. (83). 
 
78 
 
 MONOGEAPH OF SABICEA 
 
 Klaine. (97), 100 (102), 123 (102), 
 377 (102), 766 (87), 771 (96), 812 
 (87), 1532 (87), 2531 (96), 2684 
 (88), 2808 (83), 2847 (83), 2869 
 (87), 2918 (83). 
 
 Kbause. (83). 
 
 Kbickels. (18). 
 
 Laubent, E. & M. (13), (70), (71) 
 
 (83), (98i3), (1055). 
 Laurent, M. 902 (98), 1597 (100). 
 Lecomte. (83), C 92 (13), 99 (13), 
 
 E 110 (83). 
 Ledeemann. 595 (3), 714 (87), 864 
 
 (78), 918 (103), 1014 (83), 151-5 (85), 
 
 2450 (93), 2655 (72), 6066 (83). 
 Lesobauwaet. 364 (83). 
 
 Maogbegoe. 85 (83;8). 
 
 Maclaud. 358 (39). 
 
 Malohaie. 328 (983). 
 
 Mann. (6), 41 (87), 58 (83), 862 (76), 
 918 (7), 1728 (88), 1766 (102), 1866 
 (78), 2198 (87). 
 
 MiLDBEAED. 2787 (83), 2828 (IOO7), 
 2988 (83), 3664 (60), 3701 (18), 
 4711 (20), 5122 (103), 5141 (103), 
 5416 (98), 5422 (72), 5424 (89 , 
 5433 (94), 5573 (83), 5619 (82), 
 5621 (98), 5905 (2), 6201 (78), 6288 
 (7), 6851 (87), 7041 (4). 
 
 MiLLBN. 63 (833), 163 (83/8). 
 
 MiLLEE. 50 (92), 68 (92), 70 (92). 
 
 MiLLSON. (833). 
 
 MOLLBB. 2 (6). 
 
 Moloney. 25 (83). 
 
 MuBPHY. 679 (19). 
 
 Nachtigall. (83). 
 
 POGGE. 979 (98), 981 (16), 1041 
 (723), 1162 (723), 1196 (723). 
 
 Pbeuss. 15 (78), 70 (83), 160 (41), 
 159 (83), 278 (78), 325 (41), 872A 
 (13), 1151 (83), 1834 (83). 
 
 Punch. 63 (833). 
 
 PUBDIB. (76). 
 
 Pynaeet. 12 (98?), 42 (13), 241 
 (83), 510 (98), 515 (133, 21), 579 
 (98), 1228 (98), 1268 (87), 1710 (98). 
 
 QuiNTAS. 18 (74). 
 
 Beade. (39). 
 Redeb. 1154 (13). 
 BoBB. (83), (96). 
 BowLAiJD. (833), 55 (83). 
 RuDATis. 21 (83), 44 (77), 52 (103) 
 57 (41), 71 (86). 
 
 Sapin. (61), (71), (101), Y34 (13). 
 
 SCHAEFEB. 76 (73). 
 
 SoHLBCHTEE. 12658 (133), 13024 
 
 (833). 
 Smeathmann. (13). 
 Smith, Cheistian. 59 (22). 
 Smythe. 55 (13). 
 SOYAUX. 16 (82), 220 (78). 
 Staudt. 1 (103), 159 (103), 237 (14). 
 Stuhlmann. 8775 (68), 8872 (17). 
 
 Talbot. (83), (90), 114o (83), 228 
 (103), 249 (5), 255 (77), 259 (3), 
 1040 (41), 1367 (91), 2082 (88 , 
 2033 (91). 
 
 Tessmann. 654 (98), 716 (103), 751 
 (94), 883 (83). 
 
 Thollon. 14 (96), 60 (96), 104 (16), 
 117 (102). 
 
 Thompson. 46(37?). 
 
 Thonner. 202 (17). 
 
 Vandeeyst. (13), (60), (71). 
 VoGEL. 35 (83), 87 (89), 88 (87). 
 VOLKENS. 183 (17). 
 
 Welwitsoh. 8165 (69), 4744 (38), 
 
 4745 (38). 
 Whyte. (19), (763). 
 Winkler. 27 (41), 39 (83), 1027 
 
 (86). 
 
 Zenker. 204 (723), 675 (13), 719 
 (13), 1041 (2), 1140 (88), 1141 (87), 
 1816 (41), 1818 (82), 1820 (103), 
 1821 (97), 2058 (78), 2095 (42), 
 2474 (3), 2968 (72), 2997 (88), 8232 
 (103), 3877 (83), 4020 (14), 4070 
 (62),.4072 (14), 4414 (42), 4567 (14), 
 4568 (83). 
 
 Zenkeb & Staudt. 303 (83). 
 
 Zlmmeemann. 40 (17), 107 (17). 
 
 MADAGASCAR AND MASOARENE ISLANDS. 
 298 (45), 5736 (43), 
 
 Baeon. (45), 
 
 6238 (43). 
 Beenaed. (45). 
 Bbeniee. 271 (45). 
 BoiviN. 1767 (45), 2064 (43, 44) 
 
 Beeon. 
 
 27 (45). 
 
 Catat 
 Chapblieb. 
 
 1722 (45). 
 
 Elliot, 
 
 (45). 
 Scott. 1772 (45). 
 
SUMMARY OF COLLECTORS 
 
 79 
 
 Placouet. 98 (46), 126 (46). 
 Forbes. (45). 
 
 Gbbrard. 24 (45). 
 
 HiLDBBKANDT. 3024 (43). 
 HiLSKNBEEG. (45). 
 
 HuMBLOT. 69 (45), 213 (105). 
 
 LASTBLIiB. (45). 
 
 Lyall. (45). 
 
 MocQUEBYS. 162 (45), 264 (45). 
 
 PETIT-THOnAKS. (43), (45). 
 POIVEE. (45). 
 
 EicHABD. 34 (45), 211 (43), 636 
 (43). 
 
 Thompson. (45). 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 Afpun. 328 (53), 359 (83). 
 A(JBLET. (47), (66). 
 
 Baker. 73 (66). 
 
 Balbis. (65). 
 
 Ball. (10). 
 
 Bang. 884 (26), 1380 (24). 
 
 Bbetero. (65), 2703 (33). 
 
 BiLLEEEG. (65,8). 
 
 Blanchet. (51), (57), 53 (51), 85 
 (51), 1175 (51), 3004 (65^), 3124 
 (51). 
 
 BooG. (51). 
 
 BOWrE & CUHNINGHAM. (51). 
 
 Beoadway. 2226 (53), 3337 (65), 
 3338 (65/8). 
 
 Buechell. 774 (51), 1804 (51), 
 
 2672 (51), 2960 (51), 3155 (65), 
 
 3475 (65), 5136 (57), 6532 (57), 
 
 7035 (57), 8061 (57), 8383 (57), 
 
 9271 (51), 9346 (66), 9429 (66), 
 9989 (66), 10,038 (66). 
 
 Casaeetto. 2245 (51). 
 Castelnau. (12), (657), 622 (667). 
 Oavanii/Les. (32). 
 CtAUSSEN. (57), 271 (57), 560 (57), 
 
 568 (57), 609 (57), 673 (57). 
 OusTODio. 98 (51). 
 
 DOELLINGEE. (51). 
 
 DOMBEY. 561 (32). 
 DuPEE. (51). 
 DuSEN. 4469 (65). 
 
 Eggees. 1065 (65). 
 
 Fendlee. 180 (65^), 181 (9), 425 
 
 (53). 
 Fleischbe. (51). 
 
 FOEBEST. 38 (51). 
 
 Feeyeeiss. (51). 
 Fkiedeichstahl. (65,8). 
 Feohich. (51). 
 funcke & schlim. 624 (34). 
 
 GAiEOTTi. 2662 (35). 
 
 Gaednee. 1338 (51), 1697 (51), 
 
 2886 (57), 3225 (57), 5486 (51). 
 Gaudiohaud. 630 (51). 
 Gaumer. 1432 (68). 
 Gay. (51). 
 Glaziou. (57), (66), 714 (51), 8740 
 
 (51, 54), 14912 (57), 19420a (29), 
 
 19435a (49, 657). 
 Glockee. 561 (51), 591 (51). 
 GouDOT. (65). 
 GUILLEMIH. 129 (51). 
 GuiLLOT. (51), 3224 (51). 
 GUNDLACH. 1474 (65). 
 Gwyhne-Vaughan. 25 (49). 
 
 Hancock. 282 (53). 
 
 Harris (FL Jam.). 9246 (33), 10278 
 
 (33), 10561 (33). 
 Haet. 144 (31). 
 Hayes. (656). 
 
 HiLAiEE, St. 59 (51), 182 (51), 283 
 . (57), 980 (657), 2281 (57). 
 hostmann. 50 (53). 
 Humboldt (& Bonpland). (65). 
 
 jELSKi. (47), (65). 
 Jenman. 1724 (53), 1775 (53), 3698 
 (64), 4711 (64). 
 
 Kalbeeyer. 1837 (1). 
 
 Karstbn. (34). 
 
 Koch. 92 (49). 
 
 Keug & Urban, Hb. 1074 (64). 
 
 KuNTH, Hb. (47), (65). 
 
 KuNTZB. 1995 (656). 
 
 Leblond. (47). 
 
 Lechlee. 2510 (65). 
 
 Ledeu. (47). 
 
 Leguillon. (47). 
 
 Lehmann. 4004 (58). 
 
 Lepeiehe. (65), 101 (47), 102 (47). 
 
 Lhotsky. 558 (51). 
 
 LlEBMANN. 43 (35). 
 
80 
 
 HONOGEAPH OF SAIUCEA 
 
 LiNDBEBG. 718 (65). 
 LiKDEN. 1498 (31). 
 LOCKHART. 350 (65). 
 
 Macpadyen. (33). 
 
 Macrae. (51). 
 
 Malme. 2071 (29), 2684 (296). 
 
 Martin. 63 (66fl), 82 (47), 95 (47), 
 
 246 (65). 
 Martius. (51). 
 Masson. (33). 
 Matthews. (58), 1951 (32). 
 Mellikon. 186 (53). 
 MiERS. 3154 (51). 
 MlQTJEL. (53). 
 Moore, Spencer. 472 (29), 794 
 
 (29e), 785 (80). 
 Moricand, Hb. (47), (66), 179 (65). 
 MosEN. 3416 (65). 
 MuLLEE. 128 (65). 
 
 NADEA0D. (51). 
 
 Parker. (64). 
 
 Patris. (47), (66). 
 
 Pearce. (25), (27). 
 
 Perrottet. (47), (66). 
 
 Pittier. 1208 (65), 2904 (11?), 
 
 4025 (11), 6712 (11), 10297 (65). 
 Poeppig. (65S), 43 (32), 379 (65), 
 
 1226 (32), 1821 (65), 2514 (49). 
 POHL. 148 (57), 864 (51), 957 (57). 
 PoiTEAU. (47), (65), (66). 
 PURDIE. (33). 
 
 Baddi. (51). 
 
 Regnell. 92 (51), 1016 (57). 
 BiOHAHD. (32), (47), (57), (65), (66). 
 BiDLET, Lea, & Bam age. (51). 
 BiEDEL. 116 (57), 623 (51), 2067 
 (57). 
 
 BlEDLE. (65). 
 
 BiVERO. 379 (65). 
 
 BOBERT. 687 (30). 
 
 EOTHERY. 231 (47).- 
 
 Bniz & Pavon. (32), (58), (65). 
 
 Busby. 1905 (57). 
 
 Sagot. 309 (47), 880 (65). 
 
 Saldanha. 439 (51). 
 Salzmann. (51), 7 (51). 
 SCHBNCK. 1697 (51), 3379 (57), 
 
 3776 (51), 4279 (50). 
 ScHLiM. 697 (311. 
 Schomeurgk. (59), 25 (53), 53S 
 
 (64), 901 (53), 1388 (53). 
 ScHWACKE. 3452 (64), 4755 (51). 
 Seemaun. 128 (65), 1073 (656). 
 Sello. 223 (65-).), 299 (657), 328 
 
 (51), 381 (657), 732 (657), 768 (51), 
 
 804 (51), 959 (51), 1072 (667), 
 
 1076 (51). 
 SiEBER. 327 (65). 
 SiNTENis. 263 (65), 1819 (65). 
 Smith, H. H. 1834 (31, 65). 
 SODIRO. (65). 
 Sphague. 43 (55). 
 Spruce. (49), (58), 320 (48), 684 
 
 (48), 1281 (64), 3275 (64), 4370 (28), 
 
 4837 (65). 
 Stahl. 376 (65). 
 SWARTZ. (88). 
 
 Tate. 212 (65). 
 
 TONDUZ. 6712 (65fl), 9186 (65), 
 
 9955 (656), 13863 (65). 
 Trail. 389 (49), 390 (79), 391 (67). 
 Tbiana. (34), 681 (31), 717 (81), 
 
 1752 (31), 1755 (34), 1756 (56). 
 Teinitat., Hb. 1798(65). 
 Turckheim. 7749. [J. T>. Smith]. 
 
 (65). 
 
 Ule. 182 (65), 3808 (51), 5117 (49), 
 5118 (656), 5669 (12). 
 
 Vauthier. 41 (51), 98 (51). 
 
 Warming. (54), (65), 105 (57). 
 Weeerbauer. 4568 (58). 
 Weddel. 295 (51), 2563 (57). 
 WiDGREN. (65), 119 (51), 535 (65), 
 
 1047 (51). 
 Williams. 173 (57), 446 (23), 590 
 
 (23). 
 Wilson. (33), 232 (65). 
 Wright. 655 (33). 
 wullschlaegel. 253 (53). 
 
INDEX 
 
 (Synonyms and vulgar names are in italics) 
 
 Alibertia edulis A. Rich. . 
 
 Capitate 
 
 GephaSlis ferruginea Don. 
 
 Coccooypselum 
 
 G. aureum Ch. & Schl. 
 
 C. canescens Willd. 
 
 EUSABICEA 
 
 Flagenium 
 F. setosum Wernham 
 P. triflorum Baill. . 
 Plobibuhd^ . 
 
 Lasianthus Moralesii Wright 
 liiXM .... 
 
 Manettia asperula Ball . 
 Modila Dila . 
 
 Oudvikoui 
 
 Paiva verticillata Veil. . 
 Fatima guianeusis Aubl. 
 Phaoloi . . . . 
 Fo-ri . . . . 
 
 Sabicba. 
 
 S. acuminata Baker 
 
 S. affinis. De Wild. . 
 
 S. amazonensis Wernham 
 
 S. angolensis Wernham, 
 
 S. angustifolia Boivin 
 
 S. arborea E. Schum. 
 
 S. aspera Aubl. 
 
 S. asperula Wernham 
 
 S. aurea Steud. 
 
 S. Barteri Wernham 
 
 S. Batesii Wernham 
 
 S. bicarpellata K. Schum. 
 
 S. boliviensis Wernham 
 
 S. braohiata Wernham 
 
 S. braoteolata Wernham 
 
 49, i 
 
 'AGE 
 74 
 
 S. 
 
 
 S. 
 
 58 
 
 s. 
 
 60 
 
 s. 
 
 75 
 
 s. 
 
 74 
 
 .s. 
 
 75 
 
 s. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 30 
 
 s. 
 s. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 74 
 
 s. 
 
 75 
 
 s. 
 
 75 
 
 s. 
 
 72 
 
 s. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 74 
 
 s. 
 
 30 
 
 s. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 30 
 
 s. 
 
 32 
 
 s. 
 
 71 
 
 s. 
 
 69 
 
 s. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 55 
 
 s. 
 
 74 
 
 s. 
 
 63 
 
 s. 
 
 55 
 
 s. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 20 
 
 s. 
 
 44 
 
 s. 
 
 32 
 
 s. 
 
 47 
 
 s. 
 
 42 
 
 s. 
 
 45 
 
 s. 
 
 54 
 
 s. 
 
 ,56 
 
 s. 
 
 30 
 
 s. 
 
 74 
 
 s. 
 
 64 
 
 s. 
 
 53 
 
 s. 
 
 27 
 
 s. 
 
 37 
 
 s. 
 
 68 
 
 s. 
 
 73 
 
 s. 
 
 46, 
 
 , brasiliensis Wernham, . 
 , brevipes Wernham 
 . brunnea Wernham 
 
 Burchelii Wernham 
 . oalyoina Benth. . 
 
 cameroonensis Wernham 
 
 oamporum Sprague 
 , cana Hook. 
 . capitellata Benth. 
 . caulijloia Hiern . 
 . cinerea Aubl. 
 , cinerea Karst. 
 . colombiana Wernham . 
 . composita Wernhafn . 
 . costarioensis Wernham, 
 . crinita A. Biioh. . 
 . oruclafca Wernham 
 . cuneata Busby . 
 . Dewevrei De Wild. 
 
 Dewildemaniana Wernham, . 
 
 Dinklagei K. Schum. 
 
 discolor Stapf 
 
 diversifolia Pers. 
 
 dubia Wernham . 
 
 Duparquetiana Baill. . 
 . edulis Seem. 
 
 entebbeusis Wernham 
 
 erecta Busby 
 . eriantha DO. 
 
 ferruginea Benth. 
 . flagenioides Wernham . 
 . flavida Krause . 
 , floribunda K. Schum. . 
 , fulva Wernham . 
 . geantha Hiern . 
 . geophiloides Wernhatn 
 . gigantea Wernham 
 . gigantostipula K. Schum. 
 
 Gilletii De Wild. 
 . glabrescens Benth. 
 . glomerata Wernham . 
 . gracilis Wernham 
 , grisea Ch. d Schl. 
 . guianensis Wernham 
 
 guianensis Baill. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 47,51 
 . 58 
 
 65 
 
 49 
 
 63 
 
 35 
 
 . 50 
 
 47, 51, 52 
 
 65 
 
 . 28 
 
 47 
 
 41 
 
 39 
 
 64 
 
 31 
 
 74 
 
 68 
 
 37 
 
 71 
 
 42 
 
 . 70 
 
 . 35 
 
 45,47 
 
 . 53 
 
 . 69 
 
 . 74 
 
 . 33 
 
 . 36 
 
 48 
 
 . 60 
 
 57 
 
 52 
 
 72 
 
 . 66 
 
 . 29 
 
 . 60 
 
 . 71 
 
 . 27 
 
 . 58 
 
 . 54 
 
 . 50 
 
 60 
 
 48 
 
 52 
 
 74 
 
 47, 
 
82 
 
 INDEX 
 
 S. Henningsiana Biittn. . 
 
 S. Hierniana Wemham . 
 
 S. hirsuta H. B. d E. 
 
 S. hirta Sw. . 
 
 S. humills S. Moore 
 
 S. ingrata K. Schum. 
 
 S. Johnstonii K. Schum. 
 
 S. Kolbeana Biittn. 
 
 S. lanuginosa Wernhatn 
 
 S. lasiocalyx Stapf . 
 
 S. Laurentii De Wild. 
 
 S. laxa Wemham . 
 
 S. Lindmanniana Wernham 
 
 S. longepetiolata De Wild. 
 
 S. maarophylla Steud. 
 
 S. mattogrossensis Wernham 
 
 S. medusula K. Schum. . 
 
 S. mexioana Wernham 
 
 S. Mildbraedii Wernham. 
 
 S. mollis K. Schum. 
 
 S. mollissima Benth. 
 
 S. Moorei Wernham 
 
 S. Moralesii Griseb. 
 
 S. novo-grauatensis K. Schum. 
 
 S. orientalis Wernham 
 
 S. panamensis Wernham . 
 
 S. pannosa Wernham 
 
 S. paraensis Wernham 
 
 S. parva Wernham . 
 
 S. parviflora K. Schum. . 
 
 S. Pearoii Wernham 
 
 S. pedioellata Wernham 
 
 S. Perrottetii A. Rich. 
 
 S. pilosa Hiern 
 
 S. pseudocapitellata Wemham 
 
 S. pumila Bartl. 
 
 5. purpurea A. Rich. 
 ;S. fiobbii Wernham 
 iS. rufa Wernham . 
 
 6. Sohaeferi Wernham 
 S. Schumanniana Biittn. 
 S. segregata Hiern . 
 S. setiloba Wernham 
 
 PACK 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 . 72 
 
 S. setosa A. Rich. . 
 
 . 75 
 
 . 29 
 
 S. seua Wernham . 
 
 46 
 
 . 55 
 
 S Smithii Wemham 
 
 . 36 
 
 40 
 
 S. speciosa K. Schum. 
 
 . 44 
 
 38 
 
 S. speoiosissima K. Schum. 
 
 . 43 
 
 59 
 
 S. stipularioides Wernham 
 
 . 27 
 
 66 
 
 S. subinvoluorata Wemham 
 
 38 
 
 . 32 
 
 S. Talbotii Wernham 
 
 66 
 
 . 67 
 
 S. tohapensis Krause 
 
 58 
 
 60 
 
 S. tomentosa A. Rich. 
 
 . 75 
 
 . 70 
 
 S. Trailii Wernham 
 
 . 61 
 
 33 
 
 S. Trianae Wemham 
 
 62 
 
 . 50 
 
 S. trichochlamys K. Schum. 
 
 65 
 
 34 
 
 S. triflora DC. 
 
 . 75 
 
 74 
 
 S. trigemina E. Schum. . 
 
 . 69 
 
 62 
 
 S. umbellata Pers. 
 
 31,40 
 
 44 
 
 S. umbrosa Wemham 
 
 27 
 
 . 41 
 
 S. Urbaniana Wemham 
 
 . 28 
 
 53 
 
 S. velutina Benth. . 
 
 . 49 
 
 . 3a 
 
 S. venosa Benth. 
 
 32,38 
 
 . 47 
 
 S. verticUlata Wemham . 
 
 . 74 
 
 . 39 
 
 S. Vogelii Benth. . 
 
 43,58 
 
 74 
 
 S. xanthotricha Wernham 
 
 . 28 
 
 . 41 
 
 Sabi-Sabi 
 
 . 56 
 
 34 
 
 Schwenkfelda . 
 
 . 1 
 
 30 
 
 S. cinerea Sw. 
 
 . 46 
 
 48 
 
 S. hirta Sw. . 
 
 . 40 
 
 . 31 
 
 S. umbellata Ruiz & Pav. 
 
 . 40 
 
 . 57 
 
 Schwenkfeldia aspera Willd. 
 
 . 56 
 
 . 57 
 
 S. cinerea Sw. 
 
 . 46 
 
 38 
 
 S. diversifolia Spr. . 
 
 45 
 
 67 
 
 S. eriantha Dietr. . 
 
 . 48 
 
 . 75 
 
 S. hirsuta Spr. 
 
 55 
 
 . 61 
 
 S. hirta Willd. 
 
 . 40 
 
 36 
 
 S. villosa Willd. 
 
 . 55 
 
 . 75 
 
 Sessiles 
 
 . 43 
 
 . 75 
 
 Seua .... 
 
 . 46 
 
 . 69 
 
 Stipularia 
 
 . 72 
 
 . 63 
 
 Stiphlabiopsis 
 
 . 26 
 
 . 59 
 
 
 
 . 42 
 72 
 37 
 
 Triosteum triflorum Vahl 
 
 . 75 
 
 Voa Seira 
 
 . 46 
 
PLATES 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I 
 
 S. umbrosa Wernham 
 
 1. Portion of shoot, x ^. 
 
 S. orientalis Wernham 
 
 2. Portion of shoot, x ^. 
 
 3. Stipules, a, interior, b, exterior, x 2. 
 
 4. Portion of inflorescence in young fruiting stage, natural 
 
 size. 
 
 5. Flower, natural size. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate I 
 
 J. N. Fitch del. & llth. 
 
 I, S. umbrosa. 2—5, S. orientalis. 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE II 
 
 S. laxa Wernham. 
 Portion of shoot, x 2. 
 
Plate II 
 
 p. Highley del. & llth. 
 
 S. laxa. 
 
EXPLANATION- OF PLATE III 
 
 S. Pearcei Wernham 
 
 1 . Portion of shoot, natural size. 
 
 S. subinvolucrata Wernham 
 
 2. Portion of shoot, natural size. 
 
 3. Flower, x 3. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate III 
 
 p. Highley del. & lith. 
 
 I, S. Pearcei. 2, 3, S. subinvolucrata. 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV 
 
 S. Moorei Wernham 
 
 1. Aerial shoot, x ^. 
 
 2. Stipule, X 2. 
 
 3. Portion of young inflorescence, natural size. 
 
 4. Mower, x 2. 
 
 S. camporum Sprague 
 
 5. Aerial shoot, x ^. 
 
 6. Stipule, X 2. 
 
 7. Inflorescence, natural size. 
 
 8. Flower, x 2. 
 
 9. Fruit, X 2. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate IV 
 
 J. N. Fitch del. & lith, 
 
 1—4, S. Moorei. 5-9, S. camporum. 
 
EXPLANATION OP PLATE V 
 
 S. mexicana Wernham 
 
 1. Portion of shoot, x ^■ 
 
 2. Flower, natural size. 
 
 S. amazonensis Wernham 
 
 3. Portion of shoot, x J. 
 
 4. Flower, natural size. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate V 
 
 p. Highley del. & lith. 
 
 I, a, S. mexicana. 3. 4, S. amazonensis. 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI 
 
 S. inedusula K- Schum. 
 
 1. Aerial shoot, x ^. 
 
 2. Stipule, a, exterior, h, interior, x 2. 
 
 3. Flower, x 3. 
 
 S. parva Wernham 
 
 4. Aerial shoot, with part of rhizome, X |. 
 
 5. Stipule, X 2. 
 
 6. Flower, x 3. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate VI 
 
 ■/. N. Fitch del, & lith. 
 
 1—3, S. medusula. 4—6, S. parva. 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII 
 
 S. acuminata Baker 
 
 1. Portion of shoot, x |- 
 
 2. Stipule, natural size. 
 
 3. Flower and bud, natural size. 
 
 S. Batesii Wernham 
 
 4. Portion of shoot, X ^. 
 
 5. Stipule, natural size. 
 
 6. Cluster of young fruits, showing bracts, x 2. 
 
 7. Fruit, X 2. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate VII 
 
 </. N. Fitch del & lith. 
 
 i~3, S. acuminata. 4—7, S. Batesii. 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII 
 
 S. gracilis Wernham 
 
 1. Portion of shoot, x J. 
 
 2. Stipule, natural size. 
 
 3. Flower, natural size. 
 
 4. Fruit, natural size. 
 
 S. mattogrossensis Wernham 
 
 5. Portion of shoot, x ^. 
 
 6. Stipule, natural size. 
 
 7. Flower, natural size. 
 
 8. Young fruit, natural size. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate VIII 
 
 8- 7 
 
 J, N. Fitoh del. & "■"■' 
 
 noHOei.^'--. - 8 S. mattogrossensis. 
 
 1-4, S. gracilis. 5 »- ^'^ 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX 
 
 S. lanuginosa Wernham 
 
 1. Portion of shoot, X J. 
 
 2. Flower, natural size. 
 
 3. Inflorescence, natural size. 
 
 S. Dewevrei De Wild. var. glabra Wernham 
 
 4. Portion of shoot, X J. 
 
 5. Flower, natural size. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate IX 
 
 --M 
 
 ■^ M 
 
 J^c' 
 
 p. Hlghley del. & lith. 
 
 1—3, S. lanuginosa. 4, 5, S. Dewevrei var. glabra. 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X 
 
 S. Robbii Wernham 
 
 1. Portion of shoot, natural size. 
 
 2. Flower, X 2. 
 
 S. floribunda K. Schurn. var paucinervis Wernham 
 
 3. Portion of shoot, natural size. 
 
 4. Unit of inflorescence (young), x 2 (see p. 15). 
 
 5. Flower, x 2. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate X 
 
 J. H. Fitch del. & lith. 
 
 I 2, S. Robbii. 3-5, S. floribunda var. paucinervis. 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI 
 
 S. xanthotricha Wemham 
 
 1. Portion of young shoot, showing stipules and young 
 
 leaf, X i- 
 
 2. Mature leaf, x ^. 
 
 3. Flower, natural size. 
 
 4. Cluster of fruits, showing cauliflorous habit, natural size. 
 
 S. Barteri WernJiam 
 
 5. Whole plant, x \. 
 
 6. Stipule, a, interior, 6, exterior, natural size. 
 
 7. Flower, natural size. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate XI 
 
 7 3'' 6 
 
 J. N. Filch del. * Hth. 
 
 1—4, S. xanthotricha. 5—7, S. Barteri. 
 
EXPLANATION OP PLATE XII 
 
 Single flowers of species numbered according ix) the text, 
 all natural size. 
 
Sabicea 
 
 Plate XII 
 
 J. N. Fitch del, & lith. 
 
 Flowers of each species as numbered ; natural size.