||||J|iff i' '^V,vS. > - A.' .:■?■■ 1^7 hyryr^. igl ,5" ill i 1 l^ftt \i w W^:^-t- atljata. JJero farh THE JAMES VERNER SCAIF COLLECIION CIVIL WAR LITERATURE THE GIFT OF JAMES VERNER SCAIFE CLASS OF 1B69 TW date sbaws when tbis volume "^^ l^eti; Tq renew this .bopfc copy the call No. and give "to ibrariiUL ..fi.. All PSft sifijeisi to Recall All borrower^ must regis- ter in the library! to borrow boobsf or h(ime use. ^. All books .must be re> turned at end of college year for inspection and repairs. ; Limited books must 'tiete- '-turned withintiiefoUrii^eek limit and riot renewed. ; Sti}deiitS| must letitrn all, books before leaving town. '"" Officets^should arrange for ' '. the return of bc^oks wanted ""; ""' dui^ng their absence from '_^__^ towk. ' ' VoWmcs— at periodicals t— and of pamphlets are held , ill the library as' miich as *• .j-.l... pjjssijile. For special pur- posesNihey are given out for a limited time. ,.. i Borrowers should not use theip library privileges for ..^ the benefit of other persons. ^ Books of special value "" ":"*"" and gift books, when the . 1. giver wi^es it. are not I ""' "'"'' allow^ to circulate. ,*, ■-:■..' : R^^t4f\axe asked to.i^< ; pwt ,; lall cases of bodks ' ■ marked or mutilated. • f: Do not deface books by marks aod writing. Cornell University Library E527.5 49th .W52 History of the 49th Pennsylvania Voiunte 3 1924 032 661 146 oiin Overs Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032661146 R. S. WESTBROOK. Late Uld Companies D and K, Forty-Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. HISTORY -eF THE- ^Qth PeniivSylvania ^ / Volunteers. By ROBERT S. WESTBROOK, Late Sergeant of Company "B." A CORRECTLY COMPILED ROLL OF THE MEMBERS OF THE REGIMENT AND ITS MARCHES FROM 1 86 1 TO 1865. ALTOONA, PENN'A, 1S98. i-L A.3?'i'7P Entered according to the Act of Congress, In the y,ear 1897, by UOBEET S. WESTBLIOOK, In the Oflice of the Librarian of Congiess, at Washington, D. C. Ai/rooNA Times Print, Altoona, Pa. Dedication. '' I O those, my gallant comrades, with whom I had the honor to share the vicissitudes of the great Rebellion , who proved their splen- did loyalty and devotion to their country's flag on many hard fought fields ; who bore the toil, endured the hardships and braved the dangers of dungeon, picket, march and field, that this nation might live, and whose changeless fidelity to right must forever constitute the brightest pages in the history of struggling patriotism, this volume is affectionately inscribed by THE AUTHOR. Introduction. T;^VERY incident, every detail of the late Civil War possesses a •^-^^S) consuming interest for not only the survivors, but for pos- terity. This unpretending narrative, for such it is in fact, is not intended to take in the broader operations of the field ; only to furnish an authentic account, as nearly as possible, of the members of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers ; each day's march during their term of service ; all leading incidents from the day the Regiment left Camp Curtin, at Harrisburg, Pa., September 21, 1861, until its return there July 17, 1865, and subsequent mustering out of service on July 21, 1865, at the close of the war. The information in this volume, in addition to that originally in possession of the writer, has been drawn from the diaries of Christian Dale, of Old Companies G and C ; Adjutant A. T. Hilands, of Old Companies H and A ; George Wills, of Old Companies D and B ; T. H. McFarland, of Old Companies D and B ; Henry B. Minnichan, of Old Companies I and A ; Samuel H. Philips, of Old Companies H and A ; Samuel F. Enslow, Old Company I, and W. H. Mauger, Old Com- panies I and A. The writer also acknowledges gratefully the receipt of much valuably information from other survivors of the Regiment and from the rolls of the Adjutant General's office in Harrisburg. The names of the members of the Regiment all appear in their respective places in the ten original companies. At the consohdation of the Regiment, January 11, 1863, from ten to four companies, the names again appear, except those who died, resigned, were discharged or transferred or sent to Pennsylvania as supernumerary officers to recruit new men for the Regiment, who, when they returned to the Regiment in December, 1863, were placed in charge of the new com- panies. In such cases their names do not appear in the consolidated companies, but in the new ones. With this all too imperfect reference to the aid furnished me by my comrades, and my obligation to them therefor, I will add that the rendezvous of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers was at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, Pa., where it was organiz(id in September, 1861. .History 49tii Pennsylvania VoLUNXEfeRS. Companies A and G were from Centre County ; Companies B and F, from Chester County ; C and D, from Huntingdon County ; E, H and K, from Mifflin County, and Company I, from Juniata County. After the consolidation we received five new companies. Four of these — E, F, G-and H — were drafted men and substitutes, with a few recruits from different parts of the state. Our old line and non-com- missioned officers were placed over them. Company I was composed of regularly enlisted men from Snyder County, except Captain William P. Kephart, of Old Company G, who recruited the company, and in June, 1864, Daniel T. Rhodes, of Old Company E, was commissioned Lieutenant and transferred to the company. I may be pardoned for adding that, laying no claim to literary style or finish, I venture to hope that the records contained in this modest volume may call up pleasing and unforgotten scenes to the minds of such of my old comrades as may be among its readers. With the most fraternal greeting to those who shared with me the toils of the march, the perils of the field and the dangers of many a midnight vigil, I am, Very respectfully yours, etc., R. S. WESTBROOK. Altoona, Penn'a, February 28, 1898. LIST OF BATTLES PARTICIPATED IN BY 49th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Yorktown, Va, April 16th to May 4th, 1862. Williamsburg, Va., May 5th, 1862. Garnett's Hill, Va., June 27th, 1862. Golding's Farm, Va., June 28th, 1862. Savage Station, Va., June 29th, 1862. White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30th, 1862. Malvern Hill, Va., July 1st, 1862. Crampton's Gap, Md., September 14th, 1862. Antietam, Md., September 17th, 1862. Fredericksburg, Va., December 13th, 1862. Fredericksburg, Va., April 29th, 1863. Fredericksburg and Salem Church, Va., May 3d and 4th, 1863. Gettysburg, Pa., July ^nd, 3d and 4th, 1863. Funkstown, Md., July 12th, 1863. Rapahannock Station, Va., November 7th, 1863. Locust Grove, Va., November 27th, 1863. Mine Run, Va., November 28th, 29th and 30th, 1863. Wilderness, Va., May 5th, 6th and 7th, 1864. Spottsylvania, Va., May 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th, 1864. Cold Harbor, Va., June 1st to 12th, 1864. Weldon Railroad or Ream Station, Va., June 30th to July 2d, 1864. Petersburg, Va., June 22nd and 23d, 1864. Winchester or Opequan, September 19th, 1864. Petersburg, Va., assault, April 2d, 1865. Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6th, 1865. Then marched to Da,nville to hea,d off Johnston. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. m « CO cc LU UJ o > z < CO LLl Q. < I- co Q z < Q _l UJ u. i I S3 ^ f- 2a ■o . o "* o"^ ^ W W H lii- "9 N OS'S O p pggS.S p. ■ 03 P "■a a o > fl Sg "5 (1) a; ■a HH ■2" ■§ 0) CD 13 ft fH G p p fl " c , ^ C o a S 03 ;rX — " s S c3 d c3 3 p! 9 a a a&y 3 o"© o"© o o 0) a) 0) flJ QJ i _ "M u (M c^i ^ M =^ CO d o oJ S'3 o S lO _u ira ,», i-i OS l-^ -H iH SOP a3 _;3 _„ 10 ira lO lO -^ ic lO 01 oi^in -+( O lO lO lO 01 01 rH r-C i-i tH (yr-— — — ^■ O; _ ? d ;3 a?E3 3 S'SCO o to p O 3 3 ^3 'O 'O '^ '^ *c 0) c; oj o a; a> fl Ci C S rt fi _bD bJ> tiD bDbO tuo en (A ^ (fl CO CO a) aj gS 4) 4) oj : t^ a) • a ■ .SP :p 1 > . . . . P O^P a> oj dj d> ^22 p-a cS't; p a a giasarSi^'s^s 'Ss^'S^'Sa? §Sp°i2»s»a«3 gSsaisas M« aac3 .a f^goOOoH cp;pg;p«3=g ^?'S^^? 5?o??r^?^ SP 9 p. ^ zD ^o ^a ^ CO » bo bo bo bos' MS 3 3 3 3 3 2 33 bo bb bb bo bJD bb bo 3 3 3 8 3 3 3 Cli Ah flH Phs3 p s s in to- bo bD be in bo bo kl t^ '-I ^ (h fM S D 3 S =3 3 'fc, 'n 'G 'G 'C V ^ ti ^ F^ H ^ ?a ^ (^ 93 « 03 b0 5>Ebo 333 1) -ji -ji III f'oj 03 00 a) 03 \ >->^-^ O-r; >. fiPna p5 ■S43.S 'a J (d o3 d « ^CMdHtl, .CMg ^^^aaapHoj - - S p p p -4-' a >i>..a a a^045 J SS04 tf>g a a a; » t ,-04 -a >K-Sa^^aj ca p 03 p s^s q (N (MM ^^c3(N?3coS Sc 5SS 35 ■a-rj . rt p £i fl • p bObOfcJDhoS O ^ [h i-l t-l O Oj 73 cn CD CD OJ ^ . . - .^ P M (O to to .7: CD to ■/! to to CO bo.l a a a a _ P.& (U CO CD CO COOJ™" P Co S ag,.Sli<.a sg p ptS-n c.i5 ooMdi P4>J ^ u u +j 43 43 43 SSS t3 "b "b 73 ^* ^ ^ <} SS SO :c : : . a : : •J3 ■ ■ : a • ■ :§ : : o a 2 s',a sis II : P> At flT3 . o d • • ■o'Sg.S &«£=;« o a p p . p p p> 1-5H00' bo ^s ■gBiS.SoSS ^i«|aas W < > CO < CQ a C cu '< ■as CI OS (MO) 01 bb bb bi bb ti S3 S P P P 2 ^ So re S o c^ Oi 9^ o bjb bb &£ be bo a S 3 S 3 bfib£ 3 3 be be 3 3 CiO". 0;~. ffiOiOC^OSCiO"j3^0i05?iCTJ rT^" CTi Ci d Oi c-i CI (M c- 1 CI 5i c-i o) w?i c"i c^i CI ei ^ ^' ci ci ci ci bo ti bi bb 50 bi bib bc bi bb bi bib bb bb iii bb-^ bb bb bb bb PPP3!33Pi3=;p3PPC333g'PPa3 n S ig s a" =^ a" a" a" a'lS a' a"^' a"^ a" a" a" S 'i^^-SS'^.SSSS ^S§ -§%§ ^§§ g e-'l S'i s la s s B a'i a s s3 a „-al KEW2mK|awKaigsai;.aiia5WM agg5:eaSaaaagaa>a5caaa s. >^^ Ji-lj: JS:i:WsSg&S5: & is fegseeessssssiaiBgBg'ai 'Oocooci;"i^aaca3cQflaSJ?i^5,i3r£i •=a-<° ,.-oa'. .5 '-'tea ,a (y ' ^ 0) a> cog aa^ H '3 '3 ^ w'fi ,»-3 o go c-g^i >^QP; c/i en 0; . o a "^ a -Ml W-a' Wo,- •3 a >.2 a ! "^ r— E C O O '^ "^ ^ o* 3 e s "2 £ rO ' a a ^ "u « 2 2 ° S a t, oj W H " ^ 3 ir-'S^ ■< a > a r o 'S s « S S 0) - S '^ .a 5P beg^-S 3 Uj tfS" -^ O 53 s a „- '!; sa ! ^-^^ -■II S a St- a a • = IS S SI a g .3 ^ d « !* ^ -a •« ^- a §§.§a ^ a ^j bo a ~ t; oj •a r^ o p^ " M.a ■o 3 •" g .15 ^f S a § 1 0) o3 -O -<.a a S a : 3 a-S • 5 ,§ .2 : a) . ■a ■ .a ''s t- u a 'I' a =3 ii-< M is s s 3 a bi "^ " ™ £ f! S o -S bo ^ Ofigi. S g o S •ij >■ to r^ « S S -■ ; n bi> :h^ irs| 2 s a B, g o 03 w S p o ft Colonel W. H. IRWIN. Resigned Oct. 24, 1863. Died April 17, 1886. Ueut-Col. Wn. BRISBANE. Resigned Oct. 1.5, 1862. Died July 7, 1880. najor THOHAS n. HULINQS. One Who Was Respected by the Regiment. Killed at Spottsylvania, May 10, 1864. Chaplain Wn. EARENSHAW. Resigned Oct. 9, 1862. Died July 17, 1885. He Was Respected by the Regiment. HlSTOfeV 49Ta PENUsVLVANtA VOLUNTEERS. to H s I 3 I .§ t P 3 ^ "(DO- I .a •3 bD ^ -, tfl O 11 = IS ■'-' fl^ c3 rt "^ P 0) S S,3 ffS '"S Hfi «5 n C ?i E^Q CO q: UJ UJ O > z < > >- CO z z UJ a. >- z < Q_ o o s ;?; ^ g S -^ o 3 3. m O SS S V 0) bo^ 3 3 be bo bo bo bo bo bo UU fc- ^1 ^1 t- tH 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 bo bog, gigig, 3 3 3 3 3 3 p J3P PjO,a tfS' g g s s £ gg s gg g gs gg ggg gg g gg g gg ggg gg %■& S3S S w c5 3 ►^ 1-1 ^ 03 CQ e-ft I 81 " "^lO .-( "0,0. caa §S 536 33 03 03 '3'E3 SS ^ 03 09 > > ■a-a dlPH > t- > CS 03 n ^ ^ w a : 3 (BOJ (U a> fS M &>■ CB 0.0 > o .SB fig ^W ^i lii B „ - fefi 0-' c o O CO cc Hi HI \- o > < >- CO UJ Q. CTi ■3s 'O _ ..oa vi as S c "" Qj a> 0) O 0 Q- O O S-tT 03"*h+5 S3 g,S 2 § 8-3 J3J3 c C"* S^-S o 0.5 'Sai!'^ fipJS-ggog J3 3 og 2a) ■25'° '3"S p^ > >a o o ooMn Si2! o ca CQCO b 03 eS-tj 3 33 o o » aag •§•§■0 ""S " S'O 03 P 1) s c3 P-i ^0 f? ^ MbD 61} bo bC bjj bo be hs ^. (H M Ih ^ Fh P p P p p p 33 ho bo bo H F~> t-i 3 P 3 UJ (fi W3 0) V o bObp^ P P P Ih ^ t^ tH f-( tl tH ( . . . 3PPPPPPPP s Bssggs sg ggg sss a ggggggggg rf d rf >; > > PhP^ cs & si ^ si 1^ d iricj .'::; .£; J^ .£ .^ .^ .S ^ '^ Ph P^ Ph Pi di Ph P-i I^iCl, < CO Q_ < Q- o o Q _l- O ID Pi Discharged account disability. Wounded at Spottsylvania, Va. Discharged account disability. Surgeon's certificate. Wounded at Savage Station, Spottsylvania and Winches- ter, Va. Died at Camp Griffin, Va., fall of 1861. Killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va. Died; no date. Had his eye knocked out by piece of cap at Camp Griffin; discharged ou Surg, certificate; died at Rlanchard, Pa. Died near Fredericksburg, Va., of wounds. Died; no date. Discharged account disability; no date. Buried at Mt. Moriah Cemetery, Phlla.; grave 174. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Expiration of term. Detailed to Ayer's Bat. Nov. 7-61; killed at Spottsylva,nia.- To Corp. Jan. 11-63; w'n'd atSpottsylva,nia; died of w'nds. Transferred to regular cavalry; no date. Wounded at Williamsburg, Va.; detailed at hospital; dis- charged on Surgeon's certificate. Wounded four times— on the foot, head, cheek and leg. Wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., and Antietam, Md. Killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va. Left the Regiment at Yorktown, Va-i May 4-62; sent to hospital with throat trouble. Discharged account disability; no date. Died with chronic diarrhoea". To Corporal; to supernumerary roll Jan. 11-63; to new G Dec. 19-63; to First Sergeant; to Sergeant Major; to Sec- ond Lieutenant (not mustered). Detailed Brigade Teamster July 12-62; died and buried at Phila., Glenwood cemetery, grave 278 or 282. Expiration of term; wounded at Spottsylvania, Va. This is the first man killed in the Regiment— at Y'ork- town, Va., on picket line; shot between the eyes. 1 u s >■ 1=1 -■ J^ ■ ■m ■5.^2 .^■°^ o a> M SSp "S s i '■■^ •CO • ft '. "^ • OJ : 3 • 1-3 -< ' M '• : «? : : S : ■ » . ■ i ; ^ ; ig i :s. : 1 ! g : ■■ 3 ; ■ >^ : ■ a : g • : ; Is .■-1 :g 3 S g ! is i :^ ■ ft i i"^ -0 ; ; i i : : g : 3 : : ^ 6, : : § " : : -' & : ; g : : ■ d l-l & lO (M ^ ^ rH Ch ■ ■ 53 : :^ i 3 : 6 is • >. i ■ m Sibi- ls S:i 3 Mi-t .CO : :S53 - S 3 S rH CI ^ H 1 ^ Ml 1^ III s Si o o 3 -d -S .2 EZ LU : is s s ■ :S ■ -a • IS 8 3 -a b : fi ■ : ; 6 : : : o : ; : H . . : [dad o ; \888 8 : ; o o o o P o" fi S S 5 8 o o o o :d 8 8 q'p '■ 88 'l - iH rH i-l iH r-( i-( i-H iH THrH i~i iH i— " rH ^^ i-l >-< i-H ,-| i— 1 -^ ^J r-i tH iH .— 1 -J iH w -^ i-4 rH ,_i p-| ^h ,H 50S oioiosdicn cs ooiiQ "D oio^dicnojoidi dicftd) as cs ojc* d^oo ci o> dies diosods ^ ^ > > > t- > > >> t> t> > t> ;> > t> i> k J> t> t> t> > [> S g£S££ S S ££ £ £££££££ S££ £ £ ££ rt rf rf "^ r- P> t> >■ (D oj OJ oJ OJ QJ ^ d "S d Is rf rf ci t- l> f. i> t- t- g 1^ a c 1 : ft It II 8 1 O W .0 can i i \ 6 i & ■ • i a H Ifc Ni 3 : a : 1-3 i i .a & a o a i c bo 1 g 1 € g 1) 3 02 o 1-5 1 CQ H : : CQCC >■ : * il 1 > 1 ■c 1 12 HlStORY 49TH PE>fNSVLVANlA VOLUNTEERS. CO cc LlI I- z z> _l o > < > _l >- UJ I QQ < o o o _J o OS M Commissioned Aug. 31-61; promoted to Major 61st P. V.; died at West Chester, Pa. Commissioned Aug. 31-61; to Captain April 30-62; took command of Company B March 9-64; to Major April 22- 64; to Lieutenant ColonelJune 15-64; to Brevet Colonel Dec. 5-64; to Colonel June 29-6.3 (not mustered); died at Martinshurg, -Va. Commissioned Aug. 31-61; to First Lieutenant April 1-62; aide-de-camp General Hancock's staff; died in New York city. To Second Lieutenant April 8-62; to First Lieutenant Jan. 1-64. To Super. Roll Jan. 11-63; discharged bv special order. To Super. Roll Jan. 11.63; expiration of term; to new H Feb. 28-6-1. Died atTilden hospital, Wilmington, Del., of wounds. To Sergeant April 25-62; to Super. Roll Jan. 11-63; to new G Dec. 16-63; to Second Lieutenant March 4-64; to First Lieutenant and Adjutant Nov. 30-64; to Captain New F April 16-65. Surgeon's certificate. To Sergeant June 17-64; to Sergeant April 7-65; to Second , Lieutenant July 14-65 (not mustered). To Super. Roll Jan. 11-63; promoted to Sergt. May 11-64 Killed in action at Gam ett's Hill, Va. Died at Carver hospital, Washington, D. C; amputated right leg; buried at Ariington, Va.; to Super. Roll Jan. 11-63. Buried at Alexandria, Va.; grave 535. One of Hancock's Volunteers; vulunteered to cross the dam at Y'orktown, or Lee's Mills, May 4-62. Taken prisoner with two othei-s of the Drum Corps, July 24 63; Co. D roll gives discharge Sept. 10-61. Expiration of term; Co. D rolls say dis. Sept. 10-64. Discharged at Philadelphia on Surgeon's certificate. After Antietam battle was in hospital at Hagerstown, Md.; transferred to regular army May 14-63, as hospital steward. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate; Co. D. rolls say dis- charged Dec. 3-64. Absent from hospital without leave. To Corporal Nov. 16-64; to Sergeant April 7-65. b r-t ^ CI ■"■ i. ^ 00 V ^ h : : : 3 : : : !^ ■ ■ ■ QJ : : : c • ■ - p ; ; ; "-3 ■: s ^3 -d '. '.'.'. I'M ! ... .^Cl . : : : : :s : ... : aj . : ; : ' ; 3 : : : : ; i*^ : . c 3 ; Is 3 3 i :3 ; lag : ;S S S : ;t i :Si 3 ? ? -d & u to CI lO '9 -■? s s >. OJ I 1 ■ 3 : S i 1 :§^ : ij :^-^ >. : : ■ aS '■ a : 1 3 a 1 J3 P •-s C 1 33 w I p s 1 8 1 a HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 13 3 o O CO tr. Ixl u O > < > _j >- CO LlI CO < O o Q _l o > > i C3 s a 03 Si .2 u c3 a 'd 1 d d 1 1 s o W CD is -4-3 ■s Buried at Sit. Moriah cemetery, Phila.; grave 164. Promoted to Corporal. Expiration of term. 4 .Si M c 2 <^ ho 3 § a' ^^ 11 •a a > > gg 1 c c a 1 c ■^ 1 < 1 > d ft a" c "1 H s a 3 i^ % To Corpl. Kov. 23-64; wounded at Spottsylvania. Died at RockeIy,Chester Co., Pa., buried by Post 54, G.A.R. Deserted at Harrisburg, Pa. To Super, roll Jan. 11-62; pro. to Cor.; wnd. Spottsylvania. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate; died at Harrisburg. Killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va. To Super, roll Jan 11-K?; to Corpl. Oct. 1-62; killed in action at Wilderness; buried at Fredericksburg; grave3074 or 23. > 1 -4^ C c o; i d 6 o 1 s a 1 s o Killed in action at Winchester, Va. Siu'geon's certificate. Buried at Sol. Home Mil. Asy., Wash., D. C; grave l,Oll. Expiration of term. Deserted; no date. CO 1" .3 o .2 S's » (S c/ifO l§ P-a iM CO IN c >-> ? S p g a < 1^ 2 03 to in 03 CO 5 -a o s i-H CO s a ? I— 1 CO 3 o i s ■ 3 O rH & o 1 -1= 9 p. ■ S' in 1! T-l^-t a a -1-3 a r-l to 3 & Oi 3 o T3 "5 . UJ (M 3? "a. CO -4- (N a CD Q ? 3 CO to c CU G 3 C 1 3 1" 1 n d o 8 6 do c d oo o o f4 CI Pi & d w dd p 6 o H d 5 O -0 -2 .— l[-,i,-J iH I— l-Hi-H iHi-H 'i-l{M r-i.~( i.OrH>n lOifDif:: 1.00 Of a lOiriS^ f-'Dl'-t " i-lrHrH i-H rH ^ ?:^ i-H i-H CO bo 2i faJD fci bi) bi. bi be bo bo bo be c ;D to iC O iO O to (J^SfO O tOCOO O CD CS tC O OO "^ «= «= i-( i-f I— 1 .-1 i-i .— 1— 1 I— 1 rn r-( ,— ( ,-,,_, -^ _H ,_,_,,_(^ j-fr-i i— > r-< i— 1 bi) bobobobbbobc bobibi) be bibobb bo bobi: bo bb bbbb bobobo 3 3!3S;ddS 3SE3 S SSS S ;3SSD 3S 33S. s -« DC U3 so |gs s SS.S £S ?g ggsa « sgssi r^-4-3-1-3 -M -4-3 ^t:^ P -1-3-1.3 Cl'l^ -U 4J u hH "t^ -k3 4^ -M -4-3 ^ Hi i Hi . an ig^ i.ii Hi i Hi ^ ii^i 6 6 Hi 'sss ■& %%% a •&%■>% 'it •s.s.'t S3S 6 giS I 66 iS ss g^g III 1 III S ll^l li III ^^^ •# ^^^ fe:^ft,ii "" pep ho rH IS a S 1 1 o a. B 1 c CO 1 1 12; a 03 1 1 "a Ph £ E S a c '"a E g -< a u ir 1— i £ F- c z c > 1 .- c 1 t 3. 1 a. C 1 E J -a i 14 HISTORY 49TH Pennsylvania volunteers. 02 M a> . as so 2 ft (U O ,1^ E 3M S 5S C3 0) a H Si ■a oj ys a "? "=0 30 3S CO UJ LLl o > < > _l >- CO LlJ CL CO O < a. o o Q _l o « ft . d > O™ri«oo 5^ too 00 -d-* oi b.'.S-if' 0) • - sii n *^ ft a|2a#S) ^ o CO rt +3 o ■ 3 " .-, a '^i E 03 PS o g 03 p a (lij^ a p J) a t.- ■ • T 'O CO ^ ^ '^O'ofo a g *3^ o;-*^ ft S oa P! t-I fc- d o F G cj o3 4* CC ^3 &? 5:1 o 3 o S Oj 4) QJi— 1 n)_, B H6-1 0) o CO ■^ o pa ^ O 0) P- 3-u . « 63 O cr. T»( ST "S S.r-1 O O Pj4i ^SSlf fid's QQcQ--< to .s*© a Is ^? if |f o£ I f3 -0) *G ft Si E2 fe '-S o5»o? g a « >)U^ a) =^■0 « a g iS^gS g ■gaa.2zs.s H a a CO t-l ■§3=!. Bf.-S .§;:§ ,a s-g -*3 , CO ?§ . 1.-2 o 1-^ t^ 1> t^ r^ rH.-iW.-*rH bo o ulri 63 «3 PhPh , o3 to i*J° p.ft'23 S6 s CO CM c^cicq s?s ?; o » 1-1 bo bo« B'O coco B'E'n'S.'ft "a SSgSS g uOgOo o •Ti-a. q 68 S g 0) > t> •e-fi-c PhPhP4 a; V 0) 0} •u «A +« «:> ra a GO a > > > > 'p'C'CC BhELiPhPLi < > _i >- CO UJ Q. CT1 o >- z < o o Q _j o . TO ■go ■ots 03 oi fifi a3<^ fl cl bo bo oj'^ to o cr try o S a, « 03«fl . C jaja n*= a 5 .S.aa"S°o a> p4 P fu Saras'* B P^" " a j3 03 o 7g 303 ggoag |ag-J 'O 0) Or-Htl-, H HP P PM 03 2 bo gawbo •acg.s g ..O 03 ■3 0.2.2 ►^ PP I? f.,1 ■a 0) 31 O rt rfj o o ^ 2 03 3 RP° mm mm 56 o H pq I mm mm w m H H mmm 6 6 Q ■^r-^ i-t iH r-l tH iH t-l tH " iH bo bo bo 3 3 3 bcbobbbbbbbb 3 3 3 3 3 3 ^ S bobotuc bo 3 3 3 3 bo bo 3 3 bo bbbb bo bo bo 3 3 3 to bobo 3 3 3 bo bo bo 3 3 3 «< to bo bo 3 3 3 OS . CJDO Oh _C3 t! 03 S O OJfl. oo, gptia .&H - 3."P £■-".§ ,03|£g|| d oo o fR a a S. a 03 O" g !> f^P-(p4 03 03 03 QJ 03 o3 > > ■e-a CMPh 0) 03 03 ri ri ri =ao3 •a -a 'a 'a "a Ph(1(F4 ►4^ a g <4 ap o S3'S3 asp (fio3» -mmm cS-« 03 n 85 SMS sm ag gs iS'^f^Sa- iaaSftS: B« fta^S a S o ^ia a§? 9 9^ 3 03 03 PPR r. 03 03 ^ u bObo •3 > 03 •3S-a SPu B - . MSB a at, ■a ¥ o > 03 )>* 03.7^ g^8 a 3 03 PhWM .3 3 3 16 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS; EO -a o O CO q: z o > < >- CO z z UJ Q. O < Q. o o Q _J o 3-S "S I ■ o S J3 > ■OoiSs-SsSgga ^2|6S|oa.|g.s Is Sg cot. 5'" ■Si ^§ O !^ OS I I 6^S «?!>, i^i ■o .§ S as a.o« CO Mg ■^ OCT- ■51= > eSO::^ en (D J- d JL* S ITS fcfeC 00 HA 'J. ■g-d" iS^a a> aj a> ■i-t .bs 4J -u is jj d d ri 03 id id _>>_>_> P-y Lh M tH Fh 'C Sh Ph p., Ph pU di Ph CJ QJ oj aj £ rfd rt S3 55 K> >■ > > 'C'C SSs (^Pi w cj ^ q3 c3 sj s3 > > > > > p- 'CC'CC'Eh "Eh Ph Ph Pm Ph Ph Ph a> 0) (U 0) ■«-> 4^ 4^ 45 si sj ri cj > > > > 'C "C 'E "C a (Q Oi -M -tS JJl t> > > PhP-iPh 3 e3 3g Si «J ^ eft = g ^O tSt* u^ • • a OS X PM h ^ g f? fH 1^ .3 .^ a> £1 < TS a c lU t= S ^ ^ a Sh V HISTORY 4gTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 17 CO M CO u LlI ^- z _l o > < > _J > CO z z LU Q. cn e9 o a ft MS (N S o a lac's a (Sft S'Sii o as in B gag -*^ fl a S Sn-i " > ■'^ 3 » .rt _• S gang's togs g§&ia^"3s is si 3S a I top* Oft ■oa a oa 3 S ? _^ ri ^ t« 1 ^ n" s ^ ■§|ls|sag ShSf-Sft'g u o i-i n 1-1 k^ V 6 •-O.S So' : t7'<-l tj a (n I t> 3,3^ a>.S i "inS'S-S.S'i gllfiii O oi'SU '"So ■S -£,.5! ?« o B ?f ■c „, «3 9 « ■ 3 S 9 o a 0) o .J H ri tn 2i tt> ■ft S r*1 O O..S as ox cS p o 4) a « a12a •^■00 S -S a'Sl O rf i2 i3 (SO d O OIL' 03 C 'S3 :.3 S'O'S ).S'^ O ra [o.ao'o 3 ftg'" §■ >ofl « bo-S ^ o O Sibils'! t* 12 bo Lr-d 'C a) aj o'-faSotija-S ^ w^ q^^ a a oS.SJ'^u.SP'S 5 1>00 rHCO 3 3 CO 3 pi. >.?-• S3 S O O CJ SI— llfi CO ri. M « < o o a _i o ft Qi O •35 w o M M OO S 5 S H B s 8if o 66 coco 6 6 0^ CO coco 66 coco bo bo 3 3 bobobo bobo bo bo bobo 303 3S 3 3 33 coco 66 coco bobo 3 3 3 XI to O toco OO coco bbbi 3 3 s 03 o3(l( Ph (^ SO OO bobo a a a a'C 0^ WW bo ■5 a o W W c3 c5 aa go o3 tA 03pL 03 PM _ (Li a'if a" ^a bp 3 2 '4:1 -a P'G ^S o _,§ bo a 2a •x3 o-,3 a'S a W|W ggg 'CO -73 bo bo bo a a a 00 3 WWW jn bo a a o o -a-o bobo a a 3 3 WW a o W ►^ p u » S ^ tfSfo o 5;', S ■§■^6 boft mo .aS ftft o o J=j3 j3j3 55 3 3 3 >> >> 'fH 'd "C 'd 'S pi W a o .14 S S>-co fi O ^1 !!w .a V s-a MB 2 « a a 5m '-'M gPH ^'1 si ^^ 99 Is «S I St: ii^^ WficS &:$>. tS ^ ^ p ;^ S a S o a 03 3 a a 3 oi M« s HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. M 0) o O I I CO cc LlI LLl O > < < > _J >- CO LLl a. en a cso >- O t3 « :5 g ■94 2'^ §3 2 a SO 3.0 bS fllK 00 CI 5^ ^"^ A . . tU ts3 3 a CO Oft 0-I0 O U5 OCOOi-Hift i-H CCC5cCC0r-1 ^ ^ no8 ■» 3 h ^ S 15 6 6,9,9 mow p^nci^ < Q. o o Q -J O ■O tD IX) (D O odsrHrH rH iH i-< W 01 _1j j( jH tLi tW V a> o) CQCQcn CO M CO ' CO DPS qT^ S !3 3 O CO rH l> I .i. »CC 1-H .H 1-1 "-^ *^ CQ a. 03 °" cccot^ bcbip. p S SSSSS « n ^ w d .£; .^ .£; .^ .£ 't4 'C '^ '£l 'Eh ;> t^ t> 'C 'C "C &4 CU 0) J S - oj E.^'E OS. ~ SO nWWW S3 ^m .3 5 5' W 3 I Si shooed o^ o o c o HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 19 M c o CO DC UJ LlJ O > < > _J CO en 9 >- z < CL o o Q s c 2 a o O •a ^a) 3 Kj ^ M a «3 a a^«?B □ J,'^ fl'^.- pT3 O 03 ,a s.sKS3ii< p C3 '^ ;=_•" — aiH oj c .3 oj s^ a „ (saO^g -03 d CO So'C S (3 a os^aS s fi_,ai «-- Mi^^oa'd 'Sg^'g.S S CD cj « mcqmm o O.O1 iz; "-' 03 a; Ph a3 o o o^ 000^ O O O rf -!a ■iido CO CO CO CO bcbbbobi] a 3 3 -< |i< c c o o bo bo bo bo 3 3 aa a aa o 00 •V 'Co bo bobo 3 a a a a a a a 3333 3 WW 3 W Oj n^ CJ 1^ o J:: o o bc^ b£' bo 3 'S3 S .oW oj o3 ti ^ ^ Ph P-i Ph Ph P-( bo cT fl" cT d" J3 o o o o .9 bjobobobo rj E^ fl C ^ !3 c G a 000 bo bo bo WWM 0) (B 0) > > > > > > 'C "d "C "d ri cj d o3 > P;^ > > "C 'C "in "d P^PhP-(Ph ^ ^ S3 ^ t^ Ph PhPh 0) cu < > _I >- CD UJ Q. cn LU >- z < o o Q _J o 3 .00 -f: 5 7-t '-'A (N ,C! "l (=! H c3 a g O a3 o S.S "I ss QJ O ^ - CO c! St. ssa .a ■a j4 Sj3 Ch Cj Lh (U S oi S a>cc 9 3 .o' -3 wjS re c~jS5!o>>&oS|ga FJ c3M B 0;=; O'T t^ &>^ 4 01 o d If S 9 »■£*! "5 a ... |"fl t^ >^ >i t*^ aj o „- c a c a r;'"" d oj d d o ..I ,- 0000 cj-s a o o o c c ?bi) fci' ■33 5 t^ two bo a a a <: ->5 bDbb a a ■"SjCOCD Ccbp a r^ N ^ H >! ay Ml ^ S: d O 03 X aa 03 ■'qj «j s 5 S t:- aS-OC '* O =" a 4) *^ "^ T3 a Sa^K^^iJa ;§a|^ .... . 1 a != 3 a E'S AhoS'^ aa oj a> s>;t5 III 1^1 all ,>> > 'G 'C "S PhPhAh a a > > ■E'C •gSs £1 ■ a i - „ „ 03B SS ill =1^ cQwm S3 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 21 -a 0) c CD M < Surgeon Certificate. See Record old Co. C. Discharged on Surgeon certificate. Discharged for disabilities. To Corporal May 12-64, ; to Sergeant Nov. 30-64. Died of typhoid fever. Deserted on march in Md., Sept. 1862. Killed in action at Spottsvlvania, Va. Deserted from Camp Grifflin, Va., Sept. 18-61. To Fourth Corporal April 10-62 ; to Sergeant July 25- 64 ; reduced to the ranks, Sept. 19-64. Expiration of term ; Co. D Rolls says mustered out Dec. 23-64. Discharged physical and mental debility; buried at Union Church, Huntingdon Co., Pa. To Corporal March, 14-62 ; to Sei^eant. Sept. 10-64 ; ex- piration of term ; wounded on skirmish line, at Salem Church, Va , in foot. Discharged on account of crippled ankle. Discharged on account of insanity. Died at general hospital, Washington, D. C. ; date un- known. Discharged for disability. Died in hospital, Philadelphia ; buried at Mt. Moriah cemetery, grave 167. Discharged for disabilities. Expirp,tion of term ; discharged at Winchester, Va. Discharged for disability. Discharged for general debility. Promoted to corporal, April, 7-65. Died at Hampton, Va. ; grave 4131, section 13. Died at Lewistown, Pa., chronic diarrhoea; buried there. Killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va. Expiration of term; died about 1892 Discharged on account disabilities. Discharged Surgeon certificate. Discharged at Baltimore ; died near Altoona, Pa., buried at Oak Ridge cemetery. c 1 CO "S i; si : : S : \i i-H ■ 1-1 i t : « 1 1 : f- j UJ UI 1- z -0 03 ; Is HI ;3 _) _l > < z < >- CO z z LkJ Q. _c 1 UJ >- z < Q. Q _1 : S : Is Ml 1 ■* : S i 1 1 S8 i : Vi Oct. 24-64 Oct. 24-64 June 10-62 Oct. 24-64 April 21-62 Sept. 10-61 Dec. 17-61 Oct. 23-64 April 21-62 June 17-62 July 15-65 Oct. 24-64 Dec. 17-61 Oct. 20-64 Nov. 16-64 -0 —. UI v i? :cS ■ a a si ft 1 1 1- no •0 iftft" \88 : 1 5 ft' 8 ft 8 ft 5 ft ft' 8 8 ft' 8 g CD UJ Sept. 1-61 April 20-61 Sept. 12-61 Aug. 14-61 Aug. 10-61 Aug. 14-61 Aug. 10-61 Sept. 1-61 Aug. 21-61 Sept. 7-61 Aug. 10-61 Aug. 10-61 Sept. 19-61 Aug. 21-61. Sept. 19-61 Sept. 7-61 Aug. 14-61 Aug. 6-61 Aug. 21-61 Sept. 2-61 Aug. 14-61 Aug. 20-61 Sept. 19-61 Sept. 7-61 Sept. 7-61 Sept. 7-61 Sept, 20-61 Aug. 20-61 Sept. 8-61 Sept. 2-01 Aug. 20-61 s QC Newport, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. Jacksonville, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Jacksonville, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. LewLstown, Pa. Lainar. Clinton Co. Harrisburg, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Lamar, Clinton Co. Bellefonte, Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. Jacksonville, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Lamar, Clinton Co. Lewistown, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Harrisburg:, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Mifflin Co., Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Mifflin Co., Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. 03 aScS ssss asss S53s?3 as ss s sssss^sss ss g s QC Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. Private. 1^ Sft Devinney, Aaron Fravel, John id i !1 1 11 i 1 '3 S H tn 1 d 1 1 1:3 6 EH i .g B id 1 t s 1 a « m 1 a a § 1 d a 1 c" ■a 1 a 1 a 1 1 a w a; a a 1 s 6 i 22 HtStOUV 49f It i?EMT}SVLVA]^IA VOLlJNTEEftS. M M < -T3 o O CO CE UJ UJ O > < < > _J >- CO CTi < o o Q _J O S «!3 •C .Q M • - 3 Si r"* ■S3 5a d O a p bo CO » a S § ;>! 3 o cQ a^ w li SI l2 0) ■< 9 o-^ S~ IS 3 c3 II WenMO s 'd'^ 'S.2 0) tf s .5 oj^ □ TO ■o S C gal I ^" 2PW o c .y c a s -H o Co m 60 ft 2 ->! - g ^ 52 a =3== o ago. Ph di o tSa.2 c3 ™ O OJ 4/ S 5 a 1:3 o O O 03 "^ p^^ ft ''-1 a) 03 Ph V^rM p. °s s 22 o d St3 .C 0-0) O I) T3 &■- a - ^ -d ca +J t3 s a ■s riS;' 5 *E 3 %^ ■ci . f«S c5 a Sw g o ;pOfi 33 000 qp 600 o ^ 000 Og 000 On 333 H H EH O o H -T" o 4* 4- 1^ o bb &ib bi bL"^ be -fli oj (u lU ri f, > t> ^ 'C 'tH 'C 'ti *C CLiPhPhFUiPh Qj a> o) P-iPhOh oj o; a> a> Q) ^ jj -t-t jj -»-) n ^ KI c^ ^ _t^ > k > t> 'E 'E 'E *C 'C OhPhP-iPh Ph ■ 3 Cl sJ ■ r^ O-r-l -Q CQ a "^ ■ « t;~ s -J3 ■H"S ^oHg ■r! 0) « c3 0) ■ tfS S.R ■^fl «4H"^ 04a >■ •;3'' o3 S TH-a •r^ o3 IS M S^ >. •M rn d oK^ p. ■*^ CJ a §a i^ sa & l> 03 tJ n gs a -4J h s g II .Iplfl a a s CO O > < > _l >- CO go3S=9 cf^ja of) ri i~) ^ . 'rt (D-d o d -Sh Q (S O <1J" 3 *3 CO N E a S •a ft ^M ^ o OS c8 J cJ W3 =35 « a cS 1^ 4A a M g g C0;0 -»cO — ' OPd ^«=s Occi-sfl^ S8 3 3 go S 3 < Q. o o Q _l o o S S Q n n O (11 "a d d W M H 6< H H O o 6-1 M 00 P.O. ft a) aj aj '?S oS to (O 3=4 s^ ^ -* 01 ^ tr. 9- Pi a) 03 CD &o CQ cc 6 . , c3 c3 t-> ei 03 si ^^ sfc P.1 P4 S?5 10 . ^ S 0" na oS ^ J3 E> 00 no GJ 3 0) >4J .4^ CO J2 a ^S= .2% is is w _, rH ,-1 "-I r-l rH iH _, • O c^ C<) C^ C-» Cvl ■ *? -iJ oi -t^ 4^ 4^ -(J -*:? pH pH ft ft Cup, P. P. _^ a> a) CC CB 02 02 CO CQ CO «3 ftft O oo o l| 1 ^ ^, & O f= S aas a) a a5 a ss: o 00 1-1 ►^ S6 6S ■"ol o," ' cm :;3 ^ a > cj ;>^ a^3 o > o a|s ■ d 03 P^ t o {A b. S aj 3 ^ o « ■a fl 4j 50 ftft S8 & 8 & 5 8 is li i J3 -4-3 00 Qj aj a> Qi aJ aj o -.J 4^ 4^ -.J -.^ .J -.!> ^ ^ ti c3 o3 ^ ri t- p* t> f> t> > f* S g sg a = ffi J3 a m a .a a) fe 03 in a 33 6.M a C ^1 Zs a 6 CO ^ a; E-i iS «l K W3 !SW H 6 S p. O 03 b. t- a t; 03 mKfqpqcQWM a w 03 a) t-. M a| a| 00 24 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 03 -13 (0 C '-4-1 o O CO q: LlI O > z < > _J > CO LlI CL < a. o o Q S o Oft H ■3 ° Q Oi ■^ Hrr Is o « S c >S 3" .Si" ail i p. a 60 a r 3 o S3 !> gsi Sa '-' .-•« a 03 ta 5 2 P. a a !»o;«, " s'-'Co o oi g'B 2 a Ef a o M a ■s!S ■^5 9 33 3. o J3 4i bo 00 :S3 S S 3 3 3 y y d u o o O o H 4J i^ jj' 4J -tJ 1^ _d o > a CO O fr^ : 03 i «^ o d a +j !i< 5 ;^ ■■4 'w - _ t- a rT e< PL. a «! j; ^-i s 5 s a c ;35o . .•3 OJ OJ M ^ ^ Cj OJ QJ IH S S" Ss, M -f iQ (M CO 1-1 c^i 65 CO M ?i "-j"^ i^ ^ •ic^c^ a) OJ O) O O 4^ 4J +J +J ^ ri A Ki Cj ffi > > > > > P-( EL, Ph Ph PL, d o o ;y -« +j 4-1 +3 ^ c3 d ^ > f> t> > PhP-(PhP-i O D QJ fl) 3J ti C^ ^ od C3 _>_>; P- P* t* 'C 'G 'C "C "C (ItCMpkOHfiH PhP-(Pl,PhPh PM PhPh OJ OJ 4) ^ *;^ +S is ce oa es rt o3 > u t» > t> ;> [> > I-< !h t.1 •G-c-c "C'C P^^CM P^PhPh PhPh =0 a« Bj5 t? ^a--l^8 •-3 O - _:o 5 0) S . ■^ »;c - j-io a a; O QJ O (U fiftftft ■a -; cj ^ d "5 ai t-. »H "-s x: •! a t-i t-i ^ j-i -r SSooS oj-S-efH =3 g ^ 5J ri^a '^..S,t a >>h - -5 iiC = = ^ ej cS oi cd O .3 S.S O o; 4> fcfl Mil! g.se a) >-.Q SfmO cq;z; 3-p SB 03 03 ■at. O O > p. •a HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 26 m M 3 o O CO LU LU I- O > z < > _l >- CO z z LU CL < O O Q _J O <1 5 3 sa ^^ a g a) 4J e-1'2 s ?3 :3 •=_ -2s s e la cftc hi -3 bo a Kin. a '■a a < 03 Q ,13 eo ft 3CO m Qin ft s .a 'S. i2 1 n'^'C jj ^ c4 tuO " d c -o a< f-< ?'^ OS 1- gsl s *3 U C 13 s .-,§§ a ^a .0 S £ ^'d r-'C la^-2 4^ bice p a'llS '-' CDhh cj CX! C cs C --*=J3 ll.s§ wp : o VS 3 :S S3 58. -51 -J (M "3 c ft CO<1 c d c o 6 6 o o coo oot; coo cc-4 c a ci n! S C fl P4 PP > > aj OJ OJ a) QJ 45 4^ 4J 4.J .(.S 0^ d ri d d t^ p. C> p- > 03 d oj QJ o q) ^ ri ri ^ ri ^ f> > >> > 'Cn '^ 'S 'S Ph^C^PhPh •d QJ cj O OJ O CD ip jj 4S 4J +5 +j 4-1 +j ri ^ Cu c3 cj c^ ^ > >>>>>> P-i CL, Ph pLi O-i P-. Ph Q) O 0) 4J -i-J -U P-(PhP-i Ph : I" la 43 b 73 o -T5*4 o30 C O u '■■PS [£ - - k"'d ws O O^ ea:^ o c::h gsssg ^1 Sec 00 a nils -3 tfllZl QJ 5 .S 03 0) tH O ':» ■Sc £:aa* £«7 at- oJ a* d .£3.2 CQCfiCO 5.S <■ % a is CO §a oj a ■^ - P. S 03 a •^'^ I K al g fi^a >, ft i ^ 03 rt .g -o i ^ hn -i "U c5 rn < Q) S 2 S .3 (? •0 3J5' ii a s oi a 'cJ fc: &g w •5 bi: i^.S 4^' a o» >.n QJ S-i r| H m- 4^ vj ^ .? m S S So a s 26 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. CO LU O > < > _l >- CO LJ Q. o >- z < a. o o Q esigned 49th Pennsylvania Volunteers; then to Captain of Co. "A,^' 9th Pennsylvania Calvary; he was killed March 13-65; not counted in our loss. 3 Captain Oct. 26 02; discharged at expiration service; died at New Waverly, Kansas, May 11-89. fJ as Si SI II II i a 1 & ■a 3 3 s, en •d si 3 Sergeant Major Nov. 1-02; to 2nd Lieutenant Nov. 16-62; to 1st Lieutenant Feb. 25-64; prisoner June 1-64; to Cap- tain Co. C June 3-65; died at Koslvn, Washington Ter. 2nd Lieutenant March 16-62; to 1st Lieutenant Novem- ber 16-62; Adjutant to Captain Feb. 25-64; to Brevet Major; to Major June -2.5-65; Lieut. Colonel July 14-65 1st Sergeant Nov. 1-02; reduced to Sergeant Jan. 1-63; to Captain of New Co. "I" March 4-04; killed at Spott- sylvania, Va. 1st Sergeant Jan. 11-63; to 2nd Lieutenant March 4-64; to 1st Lieutenant Dec. l(i-04; to Captain New H June 29-06; died near Bellefonte, Pa. 1st Sergeant March 4-64; killed at Winchester, Va. D Sergeant Nov. 16-62; to Supernumerary Roll Jan. 11-63; discharged for disability; then went as 1st Lieutenant Colored Regiment. Sergeant Nov. 1-62; to 1st Sergeant Sept. 19-64; expira- tion of term, Col. Corporal; expiration of term; died of paralysis, buried at Boalsburg, Pa. educed to Private, by his own request, Nov. 1-61. founded at Winchester, Va.; discharged by order of War Department, illed on the skirmish line at Spottsylvania, Va.; hurried on the field and removed to Fredericksbui^g,grave 3003; writer helped to bury him. xpiration of term; wounded at Rapahannock Station and Cold Harbor, Va. Sergeant Sept. 19-64; to 1st Lieutenant July 14-65; not mustered; lo 1st Sei-geant April 6-66; wounded at Gar- ret's will Vn ransferred to Invalid Corps Sept. 30-63. educed to Private Nov. 1-62; deserted May 21-63. uried at Hampton, Va., grave 3478. il §=« ll ll lil Hi « H Q H H E-i El H H H H MIS M M H H« m CO "^ ' S : S : S "S I— 1 1^ ; a • .d< o 4J : ; « ; 1 e:: 3 .^ 6 c- QJ '"' r-l ^ ^ S P -a 3S.Sg3 ? s s?s 3 -o l^rH Si-^i-S l> 2 t^-^S i-H g s g;5 (SJ 5 1 a 3 "S S 3 S g S s s s s §a s s ss £? S S si So 3 10 1-1 t' ^ CO ^Cs !5 S mm o CI o o a 1 5 S >> >-5 .a > c III 8 5 S £ 3 : g s S "E 3 5 3 s s UJ ) : g S CJ CC ft P : « fi ft -a ■J, ^ •-i 6 c c d dc ^ d d Q^d vff 8 c o H -9 S S ^ K a s e £ ■ 1 s£ 1 S 6 6S rt O ° „ c f g &^ c o I— H H H E-( i- b- H H HH 1 -. C-J ■^ ,H r^ T.^ ,-• r- ' I— < r- H rH ,-( — ^ ,_( HH i-l T-(l- rH_i =? a> ic ts « ) CD s: : (O Str IS «? «3 «J«; s S Eg to T-( ri S -^ ^H ,- T-H r- CI n cf 5 CO C 3 CO coc J CO CO CO coc S CO CO CO c 5 3 jj fciB <; M tp 6f ba t C bJD fc i bi beb X) bi bi bb hnh i) bj D bbb£ LU o 333 3 ;: J p ! a a p ■ fl S P T '■ 3 3 <; 00 1 M p:) pq II cqp \ 3 3 1 II 2 i 3 8 8t \ ^ ^ ^ _0 C 3 a 3 ^ >> CO '3 S 1 s j=i J= 3 U3 c ■1 CO -^If i 5 J5 fl 3: Eg : 1 3 ; :. c ? 5 : •= ■ c o , O I CO a: LU UJ I- o > < > _l >- CO LLl CL MM SP' At a PhOJ 2? ^ 03 T 0> ., a> ., t-. g rf ftp. M M WW ^ Qi U bDbDOi ^ ^1 '" SS'gp.omsOoo S S ■ 3 Pt^ 3g 33 coco c5oi OO COiO CO c g 3« £=11=: o o en CD < CL o o Q 00 o o 00 o o 6-1 00 000 6 6 6 y o o 000 B H H 6 o o o O o COCO bObX) bQ 33 3 CO CO CO CO ^-^ CO ^ 3 33 35iS «30<0 rH rHr-t CO CO CO bbbxibo 3 3 3 01 _j o] _, g ^ S s^ 3 ^ S n S !a -< < M ^' 1^ k bo cj bo ^ SO O m 3 P. sa 3 OJ 3 3 fifi i-H A COCO bi>bO fi4 pq o o o o Oj WW 28 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. m M 3 o O CD LU O > < > _l > CO CL <3 < CL O o Q _l O sfSs CJ p OJ SpSS & t-—i O) ^J C3 O ^ c: J' O C D S -' I' d ■:■-■ OJrrt .£ &c"H bo ^ c3 d ==i p.o'o o 5^ '3^ t: |?ip O fl fl c W.c o ^^o 5 rf rt O d ■'- p^ J- ID ^ .Si H M p H Q [^ W r^ Pj 2 §5 OS-" B o o ft*- oS C O M I ? lag So) ■- w "* a> •So a 5"g S ■» _2JS "^ td 'cJ HH S • ;s a'S'S„|i..'S'g ^>x5^ 3 "^ =J t-flW OJ o o a.S'C <" c;«i S.S.S 0-0+3 S.S"^ - o a o ■a--S a-" =< HoSP ■e S'o O (Sfi fl OJ-*-* « 3 Qi.r CO o as 6/i S o 1^ H H to «> 3 3 - >-l COci be be bJ3 bD B 3 P 3 b£ be b£ be bo S 3 S 3 S be bob/) 3 3 3 i-CH .-< C^ 1— Ir-i CO CO CO OJ C0 5D COCO bo bb bDbiibcbo bjobb be 30 P3SCJ 33 3 -1I <; -<-^-<-< -<<; ^ COCC t^f^* CO biti 5?^ hi p p 3 cj p O C mm bo^b£bcbD I-, S-, h^ i^ l^ 3 P 3 3 3 en m -j: V) 'M O O C O O m P4 be bo 3 3 O O mm fS S?5 S 1» "U ^ Q^ D 83 as > > mm Ph ciiPHmm ^ >> mmm g S £ ^ 83 ri ti ej oj t> > > > ;> > c^ihCliPh mm 0) J) a; c> _>■ > > > 'C "E 'C 'E mm mm cow* MM :§1 PhC - D 3 q C Q Ki O) O O :H as 3 < > _i >- CO UJ Q_ I CD < a. o o •a 1 ^ s i •a n (4 Sa ^. 1- cu fc*"^ ,a ^1 a a 1' 2 § a'S S Sg IS 03 M M a '^ 2 Be ■" as 1 -H 00 > T- ^ .B-c ■aeis-3 i f^ 'S^S TSie 83 rt ■2 -Oss •= 1 i ^ ■^ • a o E : e s ^ 5 '• ^ -d : 33 1 1 s : S? ( I i O i si J 1 '^ -d ? ,S : Lkl • « P \ OC . £ d d;:; d c j c a d «£ 6 6 c 6 S £ 6 o> 00 u ^ as 00 C t- H HH H E -< Eh H H r-( r-liH -H ? ^ i-( . (O 0(0 *? ' %. ^ 1 4. ^ri CO coco s = 5 M en CO bo It 3 % ^ 1 ca d OS i i i i i c3 . Ph Pl,Ph ■( Ph S ^5 bphc ^ I \ 1 » ff 30 3 3 m 3 c 5 s ^ 3 't/> ^ P,i2 •^ t 1 ffl 4=! CD on a^^ -U ■4^ 4^ -;<: rf o3 c3 oj c 3 C3 d d c t^ >> t> t> > t* > R{ •c r-a ■ i>H -w • i-l IV- h S. ^ 'E 'C II4 P^(1h CLh p. Ph Ph Ph !:tJ w S; a a £ l-H 1 iz; ' 1 •c a ^ ^s ^ >H JH S ^ 1 03 .a EH H O a s ■s w >> I- 30 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. CQ M M CO cc UJ UJ H o > < > _J >- CO (3> 0) W ^ a> ^^ , -iJ fd « CO is as ■-60 £.5 0) o S2 as io.SPh ^1 r- I-W5; 3 « S s: an s-2 r- ^ y r] sn C C S "^ --^ .n -D ^ o ^ ^ 3 . ts r^. rl I 5 I' I !3 ID Ocua ".IS iH =- _ t*"^ b.' t^"^ ■ ^ C -^ H P i-2 S ■« is ^a sa O bo Oo SO §1 ^ o a >-3 ^ rH 0) 0,(1. rj < H a.HQQH o — i^ JDK o'^St 03 c M t, ffl-c) s - ::q 0,3 o t o " cu;=; ' O ra o CS-O ■S(3 j^ a) C S 0) Q o bo 0, H .a s -^ .00 ■= 4 ID U Oi d r-t ^ T t* J3 ■? 5 '"'?. B S3 '^ Og OS O, a 03 o U fLiS- tfi rfl fl -O rH 03 t-, g o'^ . « ■o'S "3 o!3 0) a 00 P 3 OT rr^H '" 'O o w O q ■""-■ o o o ,^ pa 03 > G> .5 Is ■em a ts ^ a) 0) R ^S CC-et^ ^ o ys o ^ 3S 4h ^ a3 iv> m U3 j:) 10 ^ (Tj m iQ CN iH) U4 •^ 1-s h-s i-s h-j O < Q. O O Q _l o ^ 5^ CO cn aP P.P, 'a p.p, ss 4* CD D Q> 0) OJ 2 SSSS S c ■ V s ? iri cj S <^ A ^ kJ cS (It 00 r^ 00 > > [> > > > > >. t' > t» >■ > > > s-s 4J XI j:: ^ £K Ph Ph Ph P-i P-( P^ ■c (1. •fi a o o^^ - p =5 o OJ o a 1° 03 -cH O <►, i2m as ■5-e < > —I >- CO z z LU a. en < Q_ O O Q Promoted to sergeant Jan. 1-65. Promoted to sergeant; discharged account disabilit}'. To corporal Julv 8-62; to new P Deo. 9-63; to sergeant May 10-61; to 1st sergt. Nov. 1-64; to 2ud lieutenant May 1-65. Died at Troxelville, Pa. Wounded at Spottsylvania; shot through the breast. Discharged on surgeon's certificate. Died near Keedsville, Pa.; buried at New Baltimore, Mifflin county. Pa. Had right Ijnee fractured at Yoiitowu, Va.; detailed mounted orderly. Wounded in hand; discharged for same. Expiration of term. Died and buried in Phila ; name in Co. A is an error. Transferred to invalid corps; no date. Buried at Arlington, Va.; grave 101; this should be Engle. Expiration of term. Discharged account disability. Killed in action at Cold Harbor, Va. Promoted to corporal June 18-65. Wounded at Antietam; detailed as General Russell's pri- vate orderly; then to General Wheatin; there until dis- charged. Discliarged on surgeon's certificate. Wounded at Spottsylvania; exniration of tei-m. Discharged on surgeon's certificate. Killed at Garnett's Hill, Va. Expiration of term. Wounded in right arm at Wilderness. To fifth corporal; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va. Wounded at Spottsylvania. Wounded at Cold Harbor, Va.; buried at Alexandria, Va.; grave 2070. To second corporal; to first lieutenant Feb. 20-66; died in Philadelphia, buiied at Bellville, Pa. i: ; 2 ■ ft ■ a> : : bi) ■ 3 : : a ; it ; : & : is : : S : :; .1 1 ! '. '. '■ '■ I : : : : : : 5 ; ; '. '. '. '. ?'■■'■ ^ i ; ; < : : : : : : Oi bib 5 ^ 1 l-H* - ■ • ■ '. '.rM ', ', '. '. ; ;g ; ; : : ■ ■ 3 : :'-s : : : : 1 o CO • -o :; i s '■■'■ : : r-1 ,4. . : : : < ^ : : : : ^ : : ; ; ; ?»- -.^ : ■ : S2s :A • • • *i-d .-1 ; ; ; g's-a ; & "1 S3'S S§ iSSS'S 3 3 si SgjS SS S'5';S a a s : ■3"a 33 33a3 oft o : i II :3 : gg S.t » ! S 3SS3 'i; : a ssa QJ • O O r- CJ "E UJ cc « > Si : : CO . to . CO : =? 3 ci 4) 888 °^ GO d c : : <<■ p. t- t^ > l* > t- ;> t- > > > t> J> !> t^ ;> !> t- !> > t> > t- !> t- > >g"> 5 < c a c I ■p 5^ i a 3" 3 i 3.1 r Si 3 ■ M o S a << o ■ a' W g 1 I 4 a ': ■ o II 1 0)11 Sj K >- III Sol III ^i 1 !g o '3 a zi .- 0) CD i 1 32 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. M .3 i S 1 Ml 1 -o g i! o ■s cemetery, Philadelphia, grave 78. Died at Reed.*ville, Pa. Captured at Cliantilla Oct. 17-63; killed by the cars near Huntingdon, Pa. Woundtd at Spottsylvania and Sailor's Creek, Va. Wounded at Cold Harbor and Williamsburg, va.; trans- ferred to invalid corps Sept. 15-64. Discharged to enlist in regular army. Wounded at Sailor's Creek in j»w, neck and shoulder; again in head: see Co. A. Wounded at Cold Harbor. Va.; expiration of term. Wounded In foot at Rapahannock Station; discharged for s ." s Is it En' a, II |£ lis ■s a ■| ■d 1 0) en •g e: ? 03 Martinsburg, Va., grave IO60. Killed at Rapahannock Station, Va.; another report says died Dec. 27-63. Drowned in Kansas; no date. Killed at Spottsylvania; George Benfer saw him killed. Discharged ou surgeon's certificate; no date. S §8 '■■ bo C*^ 5 ss S 3 : a s ; i 1 ; 1 S2 S ; > : ;3 ; ; >> I . 03 . :S : c 1 i ; S'S III 3 T3 CS o a Sj! S^3 "?! as 3 : ,S*+^ +^.^".^ ci.^ 4^ be .^' - HO 033 a>r3 OrJ ^• S3 : ': oK>i : : r-i . . . tIM T3 "E LlJ t c: £5 S < 6 S 85 6 : 8 8 i is ; : : 1 UJ s S3 sag ?s gg gs g s gggg S S;S SS^ S?J 153 S'5 ;i s ss»s bi M ^ bi bo.a' ^U bobo bcbi .ij be bbbo^bo ) <<^ o -«! - A) flj cja^voi 53 rtd cSojoJ (rfrf doj SSrt 03 rf (Srtcjrf t- t*p» > > >■ > > t-t- >^ ^ f >>>>- ■e, -c-i -c-c's -d-a -c-c -a -a -c -a -a -a -a -a fe P,|l( PhPhCM (1,(1h ft^Pn PhCL< CL| CM ^MIhPh f C 1- D C !£ .^ c 3, p = 1 fB J a. 33 - c 3 i 3 i ^ c : E a , Q _ 1> Q c ;1^ 11 1 3 1 i i -t ,1 n ^- 1 3 H a «? ^ 1 .a-s.2 o 2 Ph >. ^ I § s s a c a .c o a « 13 s a 8 S ■0 a jq . H >-. •a pm 2 .a HrsTOIlY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 33 fl a 00 CO to 35 S: 3S 'SS.S£ S 3n „rtU< .*; 1*5 ^^1 IH^I PI 3 fli-l t343fH o-<^ >.^ ?? Efi ;.2.c :a£ si '>a sd -s tH o 2>*" S to .7^ S §5 l| Sc ;ir a} ^^S-p •s o .S,^ SJb Si) •O o oi M t w o 2 ,0 a ci cj H o" S'Oijdo o c c OH B H H 2 _ d co^-; £ P. V Li:S'3 > cd ?5S O 33 jj Q) CJ 2 ;2 bX)^ a OJ .- So 2""" «»^ Q>^ S:S cd+a'c! c3 !£ oi as- :P. OS 03 - C/3 6 a ^■^'S : « = 0.50 M QJ ^^-w J^'£f3 5 O* 3 ^ iri.— ' Q tU W) r; "■ ^ v3 _ HO jMg.a U OJ ^ ^ o O 10 1) o'' H H o o3"g Q , S.^ S..S H W •r-X^ -J CO cc UJ LlI o > < > _l > CO CL < CL o o S3 5^ ^ >5 as 1) o oS ctf [> J* £■£? £■ tH l-> F-. CD 0) 0) PhP-i P^ Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph P-( PhPh Ci. ^ 1-1 c^i I-* 3 ^■a M 2S o c3 aft Lh ^ o o •a a g g 03 H 1^ a; a n s B P5 P o as aim Is O d c g 1^ W •S " 'S s p; So « 2 g g 84 MtSTORV 49tH PENlsTsVLVANtA VOLUrttEfiRS. -a o O CO DC LlI LU I- o > < > _l > CO < a. o o Q _J o M M O re -£= W i-H ? ? f ?; 3 2 III 3SS3 o 3,^ o 3 O O 3 ?; o O is CO •-> eg ^ &a M > -T3 "E LU 3 1 CO a D g -a a « -I t 1 c ^ 1 (- PC 1 EC 1-^ > p 1= c: E 1 c a £ n: s -S c •-a ^ -o a o M 1 t < 1 s ■s a ■fc a •i: pq •I E 1— ) 1 1 *> > ■ § "a P P. 1 > > P -g o a P 1 c c a a CC 1 ■ 1 c - 1 1 5 it ".1 5 1 T 4 4 ( c i 3 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 35 M 1 K n < a S S ^ » M o CD O O CO cc LlI UJ H o > <: > >- CO UJ Q. a •o as a) !^^ •a .. gaSp/s ..- 'p. ^-gM M P.-2 flS i « H H H .2:= .2 OS o-S "3 o° «.ao, QUiQ HP B HP . . lO • ■ - - ■ t,«g;,3 OS'S '" Q en _ c3 '^ Q i?5 t ■71 m SSS3 coO;?;0 tc s « »3r? 33 0) CD -«! ^< odd d <1 -^-< d do O 00 o 00 H H < Q. o o Q rH c^tH CN " m 3 a as M CC CO tB -lim s 3 Sf ftp- -iS ^ *^ *^ ^ ^ QJ iJJ D QJ 02 oj CO 03 cn ri SrH be ft E3 a, %\'^^^ ^=^ <=^ ?:s 5 5 3 qj +a 4J *J -S 4J ri si ti ti d 'C 'bH '^ 'ch 'C > > C3 03 > > 53 S3 •s-c P-.P^ a a bo Qi W W 03 St !* . s Tig bo p 3 3 w MM S a p- «? a^ a ^a ^ J oS rf 03 g t-".i] a a a c .S3 Xi o ■« 2 3H MO s =« |g| Is g o o 8S 36 HlSTORV 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. M =3 o O CO cc UJ o > CO LJ Q. < Q_ o o Q _l O ''=^ "3 '^SS'O s a Q a HOQ = ■21 :-Ssa r-l— H O 03 3 SI ;a IT) . 3S S=» ^ IsissSsrSsy ga .Sil§g„"S-a ° H'a'S'S.S'S'S.'^ c3 > 13
  • ^ a u aj 1; oj 5 M oi ^ico- S« CO cQccof;cocib a» oj, = i-H -^ a> 0) P.ft CO 03 >>> 's~, '1-, 'E 'C Ph CMP-ifl, S S S" ^B BB^B <^ ^ d ai d >> > PhPhP-i o3 a G) aj oj cj oi -l-t 4-1 -M -M 4S a d ^ oi ei t* t> t* t* t> ^ di " ^ - o o ^^ ri rf ^ ^3 ;^; fi^ FL, a a° H3 rt r-'O »^- Sm ^S .So d S (iflCM PiPh OJ _ eg Mrt PS >on a a> c ■3 cfi ^ 4:3 c c PhMP C^ OJ (1) QJ o3:--< I- fH c W ?J "'Mr- CfJOOCO ,a « _• com '&..-„ St, coootj j5-< t>£tf 3 s r-- o S; a «i c3 3 ^' O - 33l|.» a$^ 2 -S Sea fi! a-::i>5 ■■3 3.5 o£g a ''oi Oog « ,t* oj s g O) C 0) .Si 30^ P 0)^ go" Oft ga bom t. P C O Ss- a; OH ■"•§ = opa "S2ft Rgo HISTORY i|^TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 37 M CO LU O > < > _i >- CO LlI CL ■ 2S ■^ of. 5§ (-1 " 5 ft 3 S" - 3 S tn CS r^ T. a •a i3 3o2° o-Si'2o ■O 3 3*j rf « - 53 D^3g*-^> gig.; dS'g3Sm^"g.; s o3 ./I > OJ 03 ti OJ S* o g ^ O-t ,(3 00 -3 iM 'PI .rt .■Sip,* p a _ "^ S +3 c ^ H H 3 ti H H H :3 03 S. 9 ^ 3 rT! o ^;3 o a a r- M O ^ QJ ^ 5\ If) : cj ?'SS o 00 bc,"^ ■g > » ^ ..'' 3 03 1 S''a 4J ^ •4-1 o ^ 3 o a ,9S mwM mmcq Moi 3^00 a^ asf 55 bo feJD bo El P S ^ -1^ 4-> 4-> -U ■1-' -U ^ -1-1 oj c3 A ^ ^ o3 C3 i* i> r>- > t' S5 3 03 :r 1=4 ^ t: " a « a CO " S ^ a ~ fi 5 ? ■a H IS W S " ^ a s gS Sa Hl-S £& w-"* ,« Qjl— I §a| ■j5 ( : ft .^ Da Si a '"So SCJ o 3 < < > _l >- CO UJ Q. en < a. o o Q _J o HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLU^TTEERS. P OJ ^■3 as Sa C3 c3 a s a a « fc s 8 J' O O 3 .- . g: •" -g Hog 5 mm a 9 a o a> s P. a ft 5 tS S a^^ ■"■2 a 5J . r^ a m "CTi r" r'XS 1) .ca-o rf »- a ■s aa-3 m X.o H WIS- as ffS jj ft csco 'O a) CO M n s OJ 3 r- f-1 o '^ 3 "s as .■S' (> g.2 S OJ 4J O a 2 p. O bo 2-M ^ o a ftSuSo"" aa " ■S^-Sa'SAaS" ^M Ss'-Sto^ao ■"■O B4i.""0 O □ H 'Sa»^S^-ri--S "C-S ri" MlS «3t5 fl MmS ;=?3 ■a a S "? a" a eg S3 si iJ OS 3 3 21 a 3 3 ■° ^• 3S S 41-- tH 3 a a; 0) PP M M H H 6 6 6 00 o 00 o 3 5|5 O O o H Hog ««« bo bDbobL S 3 3 3 ^ <<-< <^n bD W fH tH ^1 b£bc bo 3 3 3 bo 3 bo bo 3 3 be bo bo bo 3 3 3 3 obobocot ■ bcbobobb 3 3 3 3 bo bo bo 3 3 3 bo bo a 3 S a > g S , (OOi to . CNrH W . nJ GJ i3 oJ aJ oJ +j*3-;2^ > >>>> VC •d'C'C-G ^(X, O^PhPhCI. CTJ-*Q 0^ 01 OJ 4J +J -l-J h t- t- P-iP-(Ph PnfM ■d 9h ■c -a 1^ ffa K j-j C) i; o a S" ■ ■ ^ S3 m Oi- O O 83 o 00 2" 3 a ^ 2P O 83 O c3 00 oa a bo < >- CO UJ Q_ 8 ■S'g .2 3 ■3j^ OS '?hCO « O O X3 Q^ .SI *^ .■ "to f- s o 03 a >;> ^ O S h « =3 3 H .sss tn C tnTJ >'.?S.S5'' « C3 "S 3 ^ ^ S > 03 r^ t;.5P'ss2s 5 M Cos • o "3 S t- s a "^ ■p. O W c o 3W ■o ] o ;-.r" o) .22 dflS^ og S'o bp as O.S caS'' ■5 = 6! cSCO C O .. Q ~ o o ^ ti'*^ QJ C fl rfl C OJ s Is ■5'.2 »'§• 22 ostii govt's OS . ^ |S CO 'X; =^' oj PP« P P P o M«« 56 7 m pq £ 6 6 a o o 000 H H H WM w m m 6S 6 8 5 S§ S < Q. QO 00 CO 00 CI -I fH .—I I— I I— I ^ fcc bp be be bD tuD 3 S S33 3 bo bo 3 3 bo 3 be bJ3 tub be bo bo S S 3 3^3 -*J <- 03 00 CO 5^1 bpbb bp 33 3 o o Q g s (N .-(.-ir- ■n O) Oi ID -U *J -u t* > > o o a> t> t> t> p-iP^ Ph (1, go 3 i!.ii a °!5 ^5 - C oi & ^^ Hi ss OJ c! «J X3 is lJ0,9 J5 O CO Tlo - ■go; ag a s o A ^ 33 (I4 §■§3 o 3 o :^§-? pco-t o o M « fe3 q o ^a ;dco O ^ 35 .2 a 40 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA 'VOLUNTEERS. M < Detailed to Signal Corps in the West, Dec. 1861; dis- charged at Knoxville, Tenn. Discharged on surgeon's certificate. Discharged on surgeon's certificate. Wounded at Cold Harbor, Va.; absent at muster out; Co. B rolls. Wounded at Malvern Hill, Va.; discharged on accoUnt of "wound. Buried at Military asylum, Washington, D. C; grave, 5285. -0 - (M • : ^ S2 -d - 3 s : - 1-^ i-n . 1 3 ° S S » S 12 g S § 1 : t8 : * l'^ 1 . : .Q ■ ■ -d to jn "E UJ OJ to M m m fq : S 8 8 8 '■ S S g g \ -a ii «= =jp iXi dO to CD J^ CO CO 00 CO QD 00 ofc bo be bti bo bi) bo bi) ^ ^ <: -tl <1 -t- -^ § 5 ^ c rf -p 'O -o -O 13 d t> 1 ^ s> 1 ^ s s s s s gs i s s s s s ii rf rf rf (S ri b3 03 > t> t- t* C> t- > ■a -c -a -a -a -a -a Hi Pm (1< cm plj (1, Ph .1 •ft a H SI s CO 0) a cS W is 1 '0 1 a H S 1 < a 1 a .§ •S bo cq >> CO > s !Hi a rl > ft r-i H a rt a 4-3 fM OS S is s p. o -2 d a P ^ d a £. p< tn ^n < > _i >- CO LLl 0. en s ■s s oj d 0) tn t< wi — ^ .20 Q go a 2 a J='ddC« §•0 c s ji PHI O ;2 0) Oi ff &T o c ^ n " ti l: o i-~ 'n ■Si's" SS3 _ ,-5 r-T3^ ■ss ^l*^ S PS £■ 3^ 0.2 ii Q " ■ i~ S P. SS rH 33 3>o to 33 4\ t'j ■si ■aij 41 c3 (S c3o L'5 lO lO ift 3S§ 10 iC'^ g gs C.2 s a ft < a. o o Q UJ H < 9 _i o CO z o o w H r) ■o q g p y p^ 114 '^ '3 s 3 '^ ^ o o g g s s u 1^ WW" K'-'KW g|aa o S c o ga ss ga .a . . O r- OS o fl o n a s go a a o o a a S > ^ •a (1,(1, d d 00 3 3 1' ^ 3 fe o o o 00 guoo 00 «3 C'O-kJ ■" - S S cj ri _> > > ^^ Hi ft) a a a'a bcaoi Gj:d^ ga.. Wo =a ted a ■s So (il c"S.5«=i a bua ^ S - S =3 (^m35M 035 g o '9981 'ST Aiflf 'ino aaisnpi j,t isasaaj 42 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. CQ C3 M Id « <) g s ^ 1^ «=^ « Si 2 3 ^ rA ^3 3 '3 JS -r; -?, oK k- • o : k§4 a S ^^ '8 tn c3 d -D C C! ■'-' 33 g fc B> wa^gaiSoi-- 5 s 4f ^^s ■z-S. SS-|Ss^w^ .;3 o-- 'C'Tl'O -dw « OJ CJ 3 S := ■S-2 ^33 p^^ 0^ c^^ tJDChlH 'tll^'c P"'-' s^^ SS P= !^ ^ £kj3o> tiJ i ty Qj oj a> 53 nil — ^^ ^ iSSM3__ o-«! ■a 2.^ s "get; 313 "CC Q ta V o S ?3 -■?3 333 Clio r-1i-(iH 03 CS Cj rH ^ (>! (>I C'l t^_ 33 o A sisg « |i< KB SS ss ^ ^ ^ 11 Co o ^Mpqi-i aSgS agpe "ffl '3-73 00 o ■S s s 'a'3'3'3 3 3 3 35 iQO Tt' "T-i dj '_; c3 M M l-j" '-' 0* c3 rt d rt t> > > > PhAh PhPh -C-C o c o .^ .i:^ £; E:: b ^ ^ f- 1- C CJ O t- t-. *(-. t- 'ii 't- 'E ^^ Ch a, Ph Oh d. Oh Ph qj O) Q£5 'oE ISO •NOO- iUi S'5 K^ ^ - ^ S J - 3B^ :3 :S fc - -^ ^ -■!<■« „- S '■ ^ c- Si S ci. t: '- — ■" ii •cr •a •G CMPh p-( PM w ^i ^ B > . ■ i: -as §="■359 Sd.M ■io aaid as asia HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 43 CO M .3" ■33 O.S £■ 0} o a Is 4 .a ^1 'a a; >^ So O 03 3f3§ a> a> . • *C Pi fl ^ P. C Q O 5 o 5 o d p o oS S2 •^ 9 ■« &2s^=tj 3 'O o C'O »> OS'*-' o'Ez; d ■S?€ O ci w (C 03 ore OJ 3 ,S OS'S ° ax P S o M R ;.» o rt ^ S ■* £ o o 00 TP ir^ ir.i -^ to COO'-D -4* i-^ r- 4" (N M rH(M U ra c3 O OS 3§ H|i< <1 W ■d o.-S a| S3 0*03 O saaa O p c g ■CO 00 ga s| El, Eh M ►-^ ►-^ »-*'-* K "^ •goo pc-3 o sasaacg ga gS:,|x,fiEs,gEL, fng aa p p Op O o S33 4J >, > fteS o Q,bo OJ 3 ^ tubbia §■3 3 bf a 3 d SPS,-So.S-p o. .-< T^ CI 0.60 OJ 3 QJ 3 to g ^ (_ [1 L^ ,«1 Q C O O ' ooou OhPh CD D O O O Q> flJ -i-> .u 4^ -u .1-1 -tJ M ^ ^ ^ c3 ^ c3 » Ph P-. [^ Ph f^ P-> (^ o3 tH C3 rt 1^ a; a,x,s3a 'DT3 fJ oi=pg 03 — 2 a-o a s. s« P i S c o ?,.=! i i,- r- E G ij 'y, bC+J r- ^ Stbso.Sd 5^ McqscqmwM CO Bi3 ■aaoaVHOsici .11 I 36 o 44 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. M 3 .0 •a 03 t3 aB '3 g o -^ gagi t-i'i-i Cj o 00:^0 C C-r- '^ (- t- — -^ P.G. Js; ■« O a tn ^■■- s III 03 3 P-i q t en "^ I crt iJ +J _; • ■ x; "TJ % +J 03 "aaa'C^ - p.'^.'S ^< "13 -rs -^^ c !> . ai-T^ f- cS O O cJ'2'5 0^ -'O o rfc- o bcbt)p.=il=i V ^ d &JJa(> "•Eh CD'd £ a ;- f) +j'0 'o ■ H bJDi> 0) . o ^ 33'D'CC 'S-g,3 3 3 3^.a-=i2 X l.ol en O'-s fl -^ ^^ " ■ ^1'^'^ a P^'Ci QJ tu d .= -g ^ g t. 00? 'CO ID 0) d c3 ;S a-S ft ft CJ O -s.«| E< ^•W O^ to o o ir: m i-i. ^"A S33S^;S'# 00^ r ^ 5 "^ CI c^i -^ S ^ 33 33333 33? Ofc, cJ!?iac53 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. July . . 4J4J c S3S? 4J i^4i> bo 0003 COO^ 03 o agS sis aa M ^dJM „-tC^ M K •o.t5-cS ■dTJ.o ogoo 0-3 auga BSn SmsS yap &H £fc. MI-l^fljl-( 00330 iisai ^^ tH O O t4 &H fei r^ ,^ Eh '-'Wm O o Sga SgS c 030 aSag s|sg Q O a a s s & be box: aj a 3 m QJ '^ O <<-< si""! .T-HCl (1) 3 P .-J.-I iM (N" <) -«! 55 ►J :S ^ '5 '2 >5 HH 8i 63 2 S5J O OJ ^ ^ ^ cd PhP-.S-.(X, ^J 4.1 J_t 1_) AJ i-. 4-" .iJ U ji ^ cj ^ ^ c6 cd cd _t' _^ _>; > _^ > _> C, Ph ?-, fL, (1( p^ Ph &.a,p^ > t> > > OhCm Cl. P-i Cl, Ph Ph III Qj QJ fi) aj 4— W +J +J oa i d S3 >'&>> 'u 23'C'C ;i< pm O 0"^.C a o^-^' o ''- ¥ I* S sS o o . == 0* r- ? 0) = 8.3 = o 3 o:;^ sssa go "a - 5 JS ox: - X3 l; HS 2 = 8-^-. -"£2 p-,ci.pmi,fc BSPhBh ^ ^^ a^: c£ o 5 CO CO 03 cc 2S o"© aa ss ffft P, ■-.o ■aaoavHosia HISTORY 49TH 1>ENNSYLVANIA VOLUMTEEftg. 45 -o z < >- CO < Q. o o < 9 _i o CO z o o ID Detailed teamster; expiration of term. Wotmded in Wilderness, lost left foot; discharged on ac- count of wounds; died at Newville, Cumberland Co., Pa. Wounded at Eapahannock Station; transferred to field and staff. Transferred to field and staff: died at Milroy, Pa. Transferred to invalid corps Nov. 12-63. Transferred to invalid corps Sept. 15-64. Cook for Captain Dewit on account of his age; to invalid corps Oct. 1-63. Wounded in left side; to Invalid corps Nov. 25-64; died at Dubois, Pa., of diabetes. -a O i -a ■0 c 1 1 3? 5i OS V bo R) u tn S 1 3 3 -3 ^ H3 1 1 f CO - . CO (N • (-1 (N - ■ i-c m • « DC ^ s - ^- B i -^ -2 rf 03 fr P- c3 c3 cd 03 £ £ S5 £££S § ^- i 1 1 1 S 1 6 ^ ? § S 1 s c - P S w 1 H J! a .oa.H! )sia ■c laaaa .ISN caj. > K i ^ 46 HISTORV 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. M CO a>^ s.5§ d"^ o cs^ ■ J- o c3 2 u . CO UJ LU o > < > _J >- CO UJ a. CO +j ftO 2'"' '1''^ --< o ^ •- '5 -u ft 3'" OS £l a ^ i (NCOfl » s o ta £§fa St- OS iiSSs oj ' 53 -r ;t ■ - -^ oj o o '^* £ e =•? He §.2-2 &S ■t^ ogSsS ^ f- o ?5 ^ S CO S o" Eh Eh ia RsiS «7i X ».55 o ■<3 cg-c QjO) ■- -"fS ■ +^ . IS "SH -— Q. • (O cy^ i-h" f- +j i::" 0) Oi lA — ■ ,- ccj ^-1 rf •; m5 ■ O.IO n o"3 ■"o.Si on:: S2 CCub si Oft ^ c3 -re) to ^ -A 3 ' '*' " C ^ .- . O -"^ I r^ 4j r^ O f^ -f +J ■*-* JJ SS 35P-3 03 . . .'So |l||2|.g^-|S « c-- ^■O ™~ 'roSsj'O' ^SgBisgogS^g H H H bo's .« a 2oc3 >» _-», c p. :>, GJ aj JS 0*0x3 C p OJ _ o.S'ftO , fe o oS • <4-l O " ' -d '^ ,op.ag _^^ tb o ;:; o ■"I a> o o So? CL 2^ S 5 g? ^ ■a -S .-tn > 1 2 3 O ci as j; a o W O 3 2 0) SS|£ s 3 s 6 6 ^ g i3 R R >- < CL o o < Q a o a o MM M " a I a o a o o o M oC B a nSi B & fi gM to SCO 35 M P^ o CO z o o f> OJ s ^ < ^ Sii fe B ^ >■ CO CO 1-1 r-l Ot M o a c c C f^ > g ■5 : 'i a; !>> > S SE s r/5 n 1=^ c ■3=, c 1-1 w ^i a s I «;a " 5 >3 t C si (U o e3 O P OR fi eg-Sl Aiaf 'ino naisajn iv xsasaaj a^ji aaisnaa HISTORV 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLt)NTEEkS. 47 -a c o O CO DC Hi LU o > < > CO LLi Q- 00 < CL o o Q LU I- < Q _l O CO z o o as K a a 5 S 6 Aug. 81-64; died was imprisoned r down with his ; discharged at QJ Id c c 3 -4" 3» wounded and 's bayonet, since May 17-65, is body dropped urg, Pa.; to cor- gs |£ ^Ph .- =05? i-c cO ■a . 4 *!^ §^ 50 0= sa J S3.5!l Ha to a g g * ° 1 s -^ rt 1 f S a 1 a § a a S 3 W bD 3 &g ^ II ",^■-0 = .2»3" a i32M g £t. --* S-a 3 !;! OJ a t^ 5 a o.3.i53 "■og5Hg.a pllllt •gists g.g^ ■S ::» "■or 3 §3 "IT 3 P &P ►,>» ^H ;^ — • ;-> 22g2 asai ss'sa « =i S-|.2a| ■a si's 1 „i! £ g 3 4,--"3*S V .-ij a • ^ ago;." 0.3 ?■ V:=:'0 ^ c3 (H ?3 ^ HS.aS5S M K cc m P,!^ iS _H.__> _ _H h5 ;:; ^ s r- CO ■0 ',3 "S iH s ob !:i 5 > c3 c3 3 3 1 rH :2 1 6 1^3 S^6 T— 1 c- "-t r-( ^ ."-* c s s c3 C3 03 Q,>. If 1 <5 TS „ ? in UD lO a> u5 ■? (C bp iT) T-l 1- 10 lO ctf T-l c C 00c c c c i-i r-t M ■s t>. ■c-o -a ■d ■e-o-or -o-o-c '^ •O'C ■c >. t-. ^ tJ >> u .« "3 9 ^ 9 9 l-i ^ i-S i-s I-) -(5 Tf Sg M ^S? ** Cf 3 CO CO _y CO ^ ^ «D =9^ (O^ 3 ^ r^ ^ ■♦-' ^ 3* S c ^^oc > 0^5 c 3 c ) c ) s t 5J ^ S ?!o 1 ^ ""■S c t: Cy'O'^ ' -^^c ) '^ 3 'Ct: 3 -C ) <^ fl d -i:^ > d* -c % cj a> <" CS CJ Ol CD fr< pfci ■^ft E-hC 1 ^ q ^ « "H fi Md t^ t« filajWP ; MW'c > ^ MP c do tij 6 fi W 1^''^ Q S 2 ■CO ■c ■c rd-^;^^ 3 'O'O^ 5 'C ! rS-c ■c H2 '^ S S s "^^ 'd «S 3 c "c 0'0'0'c 3 oo'c > C J o'c > "c 00 '0 "o 3 C a II E E asas 3 ga£ , E s aE E , gi a 5 S a aa a 2 Q C c c > c ) c c c ) p p P P op p K e S£ ^ ^ ^ ££S^ 4 S £h ^ H {X < iSf f . se £ fH f^ (-< 1h rH »Hi-( "~I .-I Wi-Hr- ^ t-lr-'r- ^ Wi- H I- H Wi-I r-( w I-I '-'rH - tO^Ti CC ?£ ■OOCOy; 5 '^'■a'-c 3 S > opt; 5 C£ 5 00 '^ ■^ --fo ^ ^ »m P n>i .; ! 1- P 1 p ■> C 1 ^ ? 3 f^ M 3 i^i ""^ ■/) or l§ > i^ ; 3 f* .2 G ; c 1 ? ^ s 3 SI 1 m ^ i 3 11 3 -n s g <^ W : OOOa s i :53s? 5 SSc i J 3 ?5? 3 ; S otS ^ a : % ^^ oj a3 dj a i a j d QJ QJ ^ a oJ a i a J a; < j a i QJ OJ iP ■H -iS-iS S +j«+j S 3 4J*J-*. i + J -t-'*^ -M ■13 J-:! -2c eS c3 rf c s J rf 03 03-; ■H (S CJ c 3 c i % % s d OS 03 03 &C be p- p.a ft « > > > [3 - > - >>>i ^ t> t> t K- K ;> t> t> t- f-7 ^ Ch t-i t- cc P4 S£ 3 2S'^ '-t ^ P ^ PhP-i |1( CO cc S 65 8 P4 ■ ■ 13 3 St 3" s S t : ': pjei : ; : W L i 1 'I' f xi ft 1 >■ '1 > i 1 h- s li H C 2 •? 3 3.^ c < 3 - '. 1 ( 4 2i ^ c i i 3 CO c c c c 1 : 1 : H 3 1 ^ 3 c n f 5 a c 1 c ■ i ■3 s 00 S l_J ^ sIIj S Sac 3 rttfo I I 5 &; : mm w g a 53 (13 WW en •x> [0 3- xc 10 aa isajtt I, V 1 nasaa < > _i >- CO LU CL cn cj o d uj 3«^ CJ.2 a •1-1 o . <^ d ft O a bo s So 3m ■ftC So w r-'-! a> W : o ■gg oiS . oj ; D OJ*: & S'S c fl +J (- _. ^^^>~ 6 ,Q ^ .„ .^ J5 I SiS. cat «•§ a> =3 » ■S3?o§ C u -^-s^ go.- ^'3 I a>^-'P a^ c ocB o Q &■ < & -J-- oi •a 'C 3 a c3 ■o ■ESS ^ c3 0^ « O M c o" ..-).. t^ g fl ■*-■ I (N M o3 0) O-i ' y J la !> a" S in a a; c ■23 i ■* — S " «"^ a £ -o qgJ-Sw t S S * 3 o a a'S'" -Q OS d 3 •- c3 S3 tri rt § •d^ori a Sa-^3 3 Sl-gf. f. ,^ bOA'CJ - Z < o. o o Q LLl I- < Q _J O CO z o o CO o a a o c „- Cm u o a ^oE .""■So O) Oi 0) a M P o o a a P o p^ f^ Cm ^- Ph S ° " s ,2 ^ 'P o W fc -^ •c -a CM CM a-i CM CM CM 4^- a S 2 &H 03 Cc5 p1 a £^ o 'o'o i §9 2 g£ 3 3 3 ■ > > I' ■c-c ■c ■sv. CMB< CM fnfU °a u «. •isoo— -lao aaMiiM iv iNaaay Kajt 33'o3o 'o aeaaa a sg£g£ s oo5o sp 2 to '.^ ? ■ tCbjObJDM ti 3 S IJ 3 11 <--<^&4 > =1 ?n5>.-S M a?.h!:. ^ •5^5^ t> 3 O C 03 o3 e3g OS cssss a fc ^ ca oS 03 c3 £• E~c-c-a -E ^ OCMtMCM CM i^!z;-<^ a a SSifi ^a a.c t;)-':;^ a gS oC? 3«<^'ES o M. 5 ^ P ,G <** a |ss| S -r. «i c o3 g Nxo V HI 072 -saiNiM. .io a.a HISTORV 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 49 Pi To corporal; died at Potomac Creek. Died at Newton Hamilton, Pa. Died at White Oak Church, Va.. and buried at Freder- burg, Va.; grave 5672, section D, or S2S. Died at White Gak Church, Va.; buried at Manor HIll,Pa. Died at Point Lookout, Md. Wounded at Garnett's Hill and Spottsylvania; died at Wilmington, N. C, prison; grave 1993. Co. B rolls says missing in action; there is no doubt but that he was killed. Deserted Sept. 6-62; dead— no date. Deserted— no date. Deserted Dee. 2-64. Deserted Dec. 2-64. Wounded at Garnett's Hill and Spottsylvania; discharged on account of wounds; to corporal March 4-64; to ser- geant Oct. 24-64. Promoted to corporal ; expiration of term. Died at Fairfax Court House, Va.; buried at Manor Hill, Pa.; Co.B rolls says discharged for disability. Discharged general debility. Discharged general debility. Wounded at Garnett's Hill, Va.; discharged for same. Expiration of term. Expiration of term. Discharged general debility; shot himself atMcVeytown. General debiltty. Expiration of term; detailed teamster ammunition train. Expiration of term. Expiration of term; other infoi-mation says Aug. 30-64. Special order No. 94, war department, June 15-65. Wounded at Spottsylvania; dis G. 0. No. 77; died at Gran- ville, Mifflin Co., Pa. Expiration of term. General debility; other information gives dis. Jan. 20-63. General debility. General debility; went to the hospital June 28-62, at Sav- age Station, Va. ■g b A ■ ■ ■ r~i ... ; 1 M; : ■< : : : ■ •0 : ^ : ^ 1 12 l-H c : S3 S3 '. :ci . . --^ i ;i ■ . 3 ! ;■"= l-H 3 1 u b 3 S S S3?! a^sss SS^S gi s -^Ss 1 s t Iss ssgs III! 1 s Ba 1 i S 3 : §i S : <» »J 3 1 1= M M rf dMfi t3 2 13 'C! S'^S ■ 0.25 °5 00 ooo : a'* a' a a aaa : S S g S 2gS : f^ 'M fE, pr:| f^fqh : -^ T3 -U TJ 2 ''3 ;3 -Ct^ r^ r^ ,^r^ gaaaaa aaSaa aa g s g g s s e g« 1 II Ixl 00 r^ '>°0,.;.S OQ «> Sfi '^ ^ ^ 4* 1^,'i cod ^i~- PJ 3 aj Q 3 3^3 aj33333M ac »j aa DHV Hosia 50 History 49tH Pennsylvania voLu>Jf EfiR§. m M % P3 3 C O O CO UJ LU o > < > _J >- CO LU CL cp < Q. 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S d O 2 2 3 o O o a g ■o s a as o a> fjJS: W ft Mt: ow S 2 2ft £,0 f^ fM StJ M- d W 3°2S a°« dM ft =3c°o sa a 22 S '^'c 2'a'C ts ,°S |o2 2 a dj 1) f» be be CO SO 100 03^0! 5 fl „ O CO o <1 >a 3 a ft o o S'O ■dS " o d ^ o3 o3 ri !- 1> t» > •C'C'C'c ■^ 0) aj a5 > -n «r ,r>i ■aaaaajsNvax o ■ 3 K* o a""' 3 a a S (U 0) a ■Op Wo & 03 IsS'sa °asaJ SP.SS8a S£ ^ £ 3 MwWcSo . -a^E-i^'' a£)a)j= s2-a - p0303a)C^-ryo3 II 'Nvr saaoHJO a AHvareoo a p. a 03 O 52 History 49* h pfiNNsVLVANlA VoLtJrJf Efifeg. tig ^ o3 M o si; (5-" oi IS M < P3 a 3 W 2 a d 3 pa a: UJ UJ o > < > >- CO CTi o < O O < 9 _i o CO z o o gggo = oa - o IS . 32'S a s O v-El ^.i ".3 fe ^a^ s| i SO'^': ,s - i^S s- i> 3 shit 1«- I ;a tfl ^ ^i O oj S ^ o O O*^ '^'^ 'CO o Oj a)co O o 2^ £•=3 " 'O 6! ■-■' 2 •-a--o g SMSg ■=j< iS H h t^ 3 1^ u s ss u^ s >. 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O) OJ HJ HJ a) bo £2 S3 rf ■C'C Ph(L| g s P-i (t, O -11 a bo O G % 8 i-=C! a a □0 03 30 oa CI a o s S-c 5?.a£.fa Sa a°^d " bobo ri a oJu-j 53 gg 8S5p a s la a M fi a a 3 0) x;cq = fi cs cs ■j,ao aaisflpi iv xsasaaj •xsasav a •aaTiixl diM'io-a siaa 54 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. '■+-" C o O CO cr UJ LlI O > < > _i CO LU a. CT) o < QL o o Q LlI < 9 _j o CO z o o CQ M M gi^ M; S -ft ■9 IS III ■3°? as "a 2 t* as :iS OJ PI aJS£ .a s a a ■rri m +3" tH C'tf OJn-. 1 as II 42 fe-« ■g s ■32 gf S E3 O 3 Oh^ w o s:-! ■s ^ M >. >. i^ « gj *3 +3 JJ 0) V flj g3 ca F^ 'O M W Ml _'2 > § o t^c-i m-r" oct> O -a -iS p. c; *3 » Q) . t> r"oI3 EC :- eS JSPM a iO-/i CL, ?o o o WO IS .. .tS 'd 13 '0 13 •J r" V ^ &> r/i cfi '/a M to ■"a S^S ..a'0°B5Sg VnTS'd o ■• '^ o-o-s-^ ??^i 5 coS"* 3o» to 3 CO S a as o o 4j> .u o o 00 in 0.) >?£ « CO tS CD O to ss OS p:,0 CO o a a' ss ft cj Ij 13 O o a a s s 'a 13 0000 saaa ssss ft d ^ 13 5So O Co o o p I a 4J13+^ c o bo 1313 < ■< Eh <^ ^cpcog CO CO CO CO l^ CO 5 S 3 STD CO CO CO I— 0>-H i-tiMCO iH CO cu a) W 0) Vj 1^ S5.^ o ca 5 a c -bo - o aj 3 05 o bo G . tr o bo 003 ci3 ti 1313.C13 bog 2 C.3 S bJS W Sb5 p- E> {> 'G "C 'C PhPhPh w v-ca a "i »S 5Sa Ph a o a:>.^ ^?« mow bc^ - t<" tio -;-" > o) oS a> bo Pj P.Q. c3 «J O CO ■s -e-e 03 03 PhPM ^ CJ ftj aj Q) cd d oS C^ 83 ■C'C-El'C-C PhPhPhPhDh M a) gj aj o a) .^4J ^.4^4^-M sS fi 83 es si c3 2S C3 ffi .a o a >. .a ^ S 4J4J bcao 1-1 (r" O Q) •aaxaasaa •a gel 0) 0} 03 O a o a boa a 0^ ■ a tri inn ■aasavHosia 63i-a -^3 c3 £! C c Q Q uooooo o : HISTORY 49rH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 55 (0 C C o O CO q: LU LU f- z rD _j o > < > _I >- CO UJ Q. (T) o < a. o o Q LU h- < 9 _I o CO z o o 0!! M M Expiration of term. Expiration of term. Wounded at Garnett's Hill in hip by shell. Detailed at hospital, no date; expiration of term. Expiration of term. Discharged for disability at Convalescent camp, Alexan- dria; author saw his discharge. Expiration of term. Wounded at Cold Harbor; discharged G. 0. May 3-65, to date May 30-65. Wounded at Lower (.old Harbor in hip while on picket. Expiration of term. Discharged for disability. Discharged for disability; had spine hurt in collision on railroad in going to the front, at Mt. Washington, Md.; died at Laureltown, Pa. Expiration of term. Expiration of term. Expiration of term. Expiration of term. Expiration of term. Discharged for disability. Expiration of term; detached at Q. M. department. Expiration of term. Expiration of term. Deserted Aug. 5-62; returned to the regiment. Aug. 18-63: dishonorably discharged by special order No. 89 of the war department. Discharged for disability. Expiration of term. Surgeon's certificate. Expiration of term; detailed hostler for chaplain. Expiration of term. Expiration of term; detailed at corps headquarters. Expiration of term; died at East Fallowfield, Pa. Discharged on account of disabilities; old G rolls say Jan. 31-63. Ex. of tei-m; died at East Fallowfield; detailed teamster. Expiration of term; detailed in ambulance corps. Expiration of term; Co. F rolls savs Sept. 9-61. : S : S : : n . : d •-s : it i 1 - T3 3 O a :3 : i • -" f^ 'i^'^ 2 H* S bio hi .2 bo In bo « oT S .- O s ^ bO "^ *0-S fp o s o o P h^iii E^oo o sfii: OOOO ^b^tl 'fi o? 'OoJfiob S^E^ rr^ 1 II |.^ . 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P. aaea &3S S<^o^ ss S .SSS2 C3 d oi d rf d d > > > 1> t* t» l> ■B'C r ■d'G-c'd PhPh p- PhC^PhCM * g w2 ■• rr■^M r no^^'iS-s a,oa,Hosi(i 'SNvai •S98I 'II 'Nvr saaoi JJQ ivtjioiao o ^ S •" a S a £• = s HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 57 CO cc LlI LU I- z o > < > _l CO Q. M M W M AfC OS biSo a. -^5 ss.a -^ E> ^ a ^ ■ (-1 -^ « u t> .S„cs ■*a-W K a cia d o3 o Q 3 e |SS « . o «"-> a Sa'S CD -»-• y ^1^ "■3 CO o O 0) aa^iSs I'&lai "■a si ^a 1^ . CO to o E- PI «15 rf o o saS Qj QJ a* « - M "to S^ -i S'iS ti 03 "^ o ^ d — -^ Qj a +^ _,cc a— 1 .- l^ass 03 S 3 2 a >■?. 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Ph C3 c3 lis 1> f (- rf 03 > > a ^ <^ ^ ti (^ 114 re g ■?, « ■^ v> B S E^ is ■a a bp w 3 »o a o § 1 0} iS (U xa • ^ ■4J g f:i F^ ^ ^ a a a M 5 -S EH CQ 5 a .9 w :: a Sf s I 8 ^ " i § a s g? '^ -s -- M o 61 ■d ^ ,S 5 a § a •S ^ ° ^ ^ ■«. •S ^ a 03 P. a ;:, s J3 B 67 68 OS M < > _l >- CO < D- HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. S5f SIS' t> =J ? =J=i <^ > S^ goto = ra Pm tk. cj « j3 GJ On Is re) ci 90 • fl'? r-f J>,_ t- M Si °i ° "S'O it So) -a 13 Oco ^ ■3 R-S 3-H O (fl ■ ■<^ f- Or- g 00 Q,r/I . • - O) O St; ■ sS . _ • a 6 ,L 2S»"aa-§ t^g « « 3 O n . &:, _ "T R W) pa n'" .rS 5 »« 6 O ^ fH C3,-q ^ '-"73 =3|-('0 _. cJ~3 o.'i'g g!>. li."' --OS 00 t3 +3 « -^ •Silk's [«s :l3«^6aip||S||£§£i S o & wo - < < > _J >- CO CTi >- < a. o o ui ■a S; as saw .3 ■SoS g.SS 8B§ So . 3'^ g .:="r.gcggg ?§S'^ •as . &« 'E' SS o "S O O cS 03 3 p 41:03 ■^-51 (D C g ». M"S £•§ »3 p. 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J3 o •o fl ^ ci P5 ag ra o3 rf d fn weqmwfq tu o " 3.Sb" So a" 3" o >>?■ 5r^ o o OJ O O C O (H c eqwfq pqpcifqw 70 HISTORY 4gTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. M CD 3 o O CO cc UJ LU o > < < > C/D LlI Q_ < a. •-2 g S S o iq cd UD tH "^ S 4^ .3 =« ^" ■a P. >. O 03 •a O ,*, 0) •SS2!>.e: el-Sis S tH S^ M CD . „ o 6 g & 1^^ ^5 t^fl 5 =3 'E« ^ ^ d 5 f^ • r in ajoj'O cj 0) a c'^ oS ul-P 0*3 ■SS'='.s •-J3 "w 0,3 CS >^ d a o. o ce" M to 0.^-0) "Oft Sg5§St3 03 13 035 .3 So ^ « s .s as I 13 o 0) . rt 5? ^5 OJ « VI4J n GJ iD -i^ (3 • fc- J3 H n o cj o 3 •o ccd -. . 10 flj ■ca .•a a a V " S a a.2 a) ?; 10 Oi >1 CO 5 f^ Ph g?.1 SilJ O Ql QJ ri cj ^ od cd 'd 'c! "p 'd 'd P^PhP-iP-iPh QJ OJ 0) GJ 0) O) 4J 4^ 4-) 4-1 4J 4-1 CJ ri ti Cd (^ (?3 > t- P- t> k I> "d 'd 'd "d 'd *d pL, Pm Ph Ph P-i Ph ■d'd f^pH OJ O OJ H^ 4-> J^ cj d 0i 'd 'd "d PhPhP^ 1 h r C t^ t- t-> 3 _-t--l bi ?:W4J-p.Sg 03 tijGXA 3 OOOUOO S* r- o3p. 03 03 3m2: ^^ >, '"^ ^ s w .0 tH ri p! s-ssss OJ aj Ol ( ■^ ■" a ■* ^ S a 03 03 ^ f-" 3 d d "E'd'd p-tP^Ai 55 PS WaS^« a> cuts. *-■ 2.a.sj33 a P ■.a ■■ a a- . a a> PS o c -'^ Sap, 5; e ^ ■■cr.x. PiPnP, : p o3 SJd.5 CO u 3 -■Eg "It; a 03 OJ cu HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 71 -a 3 C c o O C/3 CC LU U o > < > _l CO CL 5 M-d al wo *-■-! O [., -13 ■dS ■as o si C > ■sis .2 3 M s S I ■a a C3 O •a s9 a ■"- £•« ^ B S +3 ^ ■- E O OJ-r tj C 0) a ■go C o OJ 03 bo bo .S 3 CIJ3 as- 3^ 4^ -J c ■ -to oi3«St| ,3t»*'+^'^-wo3 T3 g - 3 O ^ & ^ ^i oo s*'^ a ssss^sa S 3 o c o o c a o 3 o 3 fe!l a -< ?;►,»">! O M ■S S EfS- b'S a QJ w-i a-5 ^.g 5*^ !3+= :q 03 S3 60 .- a o 60 Wi^ (d ff , rt c3 gj n . 60 Sb5o60§ g CO SOS'S lA .in 'ju OJ «: G o a 1) a Q) 3 S5S5 a s ■1 c3(N -OJC 0) a> (u 0) |1h Pk f^ Ph V 1) rf OS PhPh t> t> t> 'S 'C 'C fU|P-(pH ^ ^ oi 0) oi ^ ^ c3 o3 ffi'd o3 .&.£ > > > t> > si -a - B" a a £S ^a 75 oi 9 > WW an W3 -S a ts 03 CO M M M MM MM a o 03 MM HllJ 3 6f£ •3 3 o a o5 .c a o CQ S r* ^ •a jJ ajt^-S-S t^'3 o) o S S-?, a 3 o3 b e 3 P4 72 m M M o o CO OC UJ Ul 1- o > < < > _l >- CO UJ Q. CTl z < CL o o Ul HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. u oi Oro oA bo" •3:3 goi Ma *-„t8da.S fn > T T* ._ •— ' — H J3 ■'^ *^ 5S TZi S^iiiiSa a> 3?^-s .1 ht\ tl<0 CO Sir's -a--' 05 ,T^ •r-l p.43 03 a; M ■'>> ?S;; •-t o o o o ■g o cy 000 •tS O O O O^ P 03 CO p COQ U to o to '^ t- > t> 000 ^to^to^^ 1-1 S f^ H^ "-» '-5 coco CO .-H ;o CO CO " c-i K a 2; 3 S? III c5 i£=s(^ . 111 o3 ^ CJrQ o O — •? ^ as a o a op 03 Ph o a =32 a EH m ■ CO ■ CO CO C>l 01 CO CI Ol tiS too « a o o s ag f^ C3 - ^ (y C 1- tt t^ 00 cc CO CO (N CI rH C-1 03 3 .CO fid : &0 t' O t4 0-t-*-< ScOM "4i43 ■— Q a) ■a'SiS 33 23 c3 C3 S2 ^ COCO — 'Oco COo-CO o '£;:"* "i £^ i> CO "*'-"-' CO "-^ i-H tD«50 > w bo C &P 2 >.hD >> 'S *El! 'fc^ PhPhP-< oi M^ OJOJ^o^ cj d rf rf ^ ^ ■C'C^ c c c PhPhP^PhPhPh QJ D OJ ID 0) ^ 1) ti (^ A ^ ^ (^ oj > t> t- > > k > fL, flH pL, p!^ Ph pli Oh p!) Ph pL, ■c 'e: OJ o cu ■t^ -^J *J Saj a> 4) 0^ a) o) oj *J 4J .W 4>1 4.9 .bS -U 'G 'C 'Eh 'd 'Eh "E 'C 'jh CHfL(P-,CUlliCl,pHpM > > > 'C 'E 'C p-lplf^ CO (U fc- Qj c; c/j^ a O o) OJ C3 O O BSMrt -:. OJ 0) 1- c3 a a o B a g 0) a a o 3 3^.a M 02 CQ CO CO CO CD w a a £ J 5 a 5 s _ „ cQ CO CO 02 oa 02 O 3 O B :j Qj -ja^ o^P>c •OS ft = a J3 5) c ■ saa a"s5p HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 73 CO UJ LU \- _J o > < z < > _J CO z z LU o < a. o o IS Enlisted as sergeant old G; to second lieutenant March 10-62; to first lieutenant and adjutant Nov. 16-62; to new G Dec. 12-63; to captain Feb. 25-t>4; to sharpshooters Jan. 4-05; to brevet major April 0-65; inspector general June 1-05: to major June 2.5-05; lieutenant colonel July 14-65; wounded at Spottsvlvania; returned to duty July 6-64. Enlisted as sergeant old C; to supernumerary roll; to new F; to new G .vJarch 4-64; aho to first lieutenant; to cap- tain Jan. 1-65. Prisoner June 29-62; exchanged August, 1862; to super- numeran' roll; to new G Dec. 1-03: to sergeant March 4- 6J; to fli-st sergeant Sept. 19-64: to first lieutenant June 29-05; fell into a creek near Mooresville, Hunting- don county, and drowned. See record new F. Enlisted in old Co. D; to supernumerary roll; to new G Dec. 19-63; explication of term. Enlisted in old H: to corporal : to sergeant; expiration of term; died at Sedaiia, Mo. Enlisted in old C; to corporal Aug. 31-61; to commissary sergeant Oct. 23-04; also field and staff roll; wounded a*t Antietam and Winchester. Enlisted in old K; to supernumerarj' roll: to corporal; to sergeant: transferred to invalid corps April 15-64. Promoted to corporal; to sergeant; to first sergeant April 21-65. Wounded in thigh at Sailor's Creek; to corporal Jan. 23- 64; to sergeant Sept. 19-64; to first sergeant Dec. 1-64; buried at Poplar Grove, Va. ; grave 5270 or 696, EE. Pi-omoted to corporal December, ISaS; to sergeant April 16-04; killed at Spottsylvania; buried on the field, then at Fredericksburg. Promoted to sergeant IMay ll-6i. Promoted to sergeant ; to first sergeant: to sergeant major and transferred to field and staff roll April 21-65. Promoted tn corporal Mav 11-64; to sergeant Oct. 24-64. Promoted to coriJoral Oct. 24-04; to -ergeant April 21-64; woinided in thigh at Spottsylvania and in hip and leg at Winchester. \\'oun''ed at Spottsylvania, Winchester and Sailor's Creek; promoted to corjxjral. Killed at Sai'or's Creek and buried on thefield: promoted to corporal Oct. 21-64; to sergeant. Enlisted as corimral old G: to new G Dec. 19-63; died and imried at Boal>l>:]rg. Killed on skirmish line and buried bv Co. B, then taken up and remove'1 to cemeterv at Fredericksburg, grave 3003; pronioted to corporal. Killed at Wilderne-s; to corporal Starch 4-64. Expiration of term; promoted to corporal: no date. Promoted to coi"iX)ral, no date: expiration of term. Promoted to corporal Sept. 19-64. b : ?S : : * ■ft '■ '■ Ji ; 1 ;; e : < a d l-H 3 s & 1^ i 1 : <, 3 3 -0 5 S3 SS3 S : 23 CO- OJ OJ 3 6 I— 1 3 3SS3S 01 6 cfi "i iiil -5 ^ 3 3 3 S !2 PJ r^ rj -= ^ 'A S, s s lO CO w '-' CO 1 333 c^ s CO.? -0 LU : 3 ':'■■ : A : : 1 ^ M OJ P fife -a "^'o o3_,Oo'3.2oco'3ooooO 'Soo's .e 02 2 wSggS S£S S S £ -0 « LU 3 33 SgSgSSSggSgsSggg SSg iH V~ rH lO 10 1-^ CO M ^ L^ 10 . CO CO I^ '"' -- K a 1 s 3 .a a B u M 0) " a 74 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. m o O CO DC UJ LLl I- 2: a 2 ■a o S " a S ? ■a ft s a ■^ . ,0 - "trt i=; "^ L-^ A 1=^ »-^ ^ ^ =^ r- Cl r- ^ d dJ-rl CJS O t, J jj (h fH t.. t- &" O P.ri iZLiS cji^ .- o o g g p,t3 cu & p- 5. a c .^ -3 o c c c c E^ |:^£ c c c 'C -c "I^ '^ t3 'O t; Qj i) 'O ii 11 S-So -■as ^oa §-£ £-a aL*:) o i: ^ — ■a > a °^"t? ■ cS 3 i &: S 6g5 =1 -i^-S ^ CO ^ a)m 03 a; a cS 1^ 0.2:3 o » Ml .0 2 1S g is' s .'§ &!^ 'a_,43 (ya o3 -w ty '" aasi! PS= M'SpJU^WM lEoM :6 ft _l >- CO z 01 CD < Q. o o UJ ■ lOi': in to : 33 [►.■a !>. ■a :S :3g •as ft 11^ '3 ■ [M'a.*3 • -w . +3 iSoS 31=2 arag O OJ3'" O O -a-a 3 g'a-a ^ * o 00 Og-" ^^ S^S;t« s S s- 0-5 Xccgr.o4. CO 10 bco >-. ^5il§t be si a -yi a Q 5 : a i (ij %^ K-" il^aS c3 a SA :S ^'^ 03 CI „ '^' <^ c-i ." - . . - ■ I. Q) 2MCOg^^ > o > o-S^i C OJ o 0) ftp, :3 1^ h2 5 Sj 5 ^ Q> ec3m S30 CM 5S2 : r- ft .ftOr3 :iaaS'a'°t ';gapB'° ■a "*£;»= 03 rf OS Its s=i — *« S:sa lift ftftft;i.ftc 00 C O 'Z c c z 00 OC ^ w o;j 5J +J 4J -tJ -tJ 4-1 i-s -J-i -U +J -^ *J 4-1 -U 4_> -1-1 *J fq Ph ft P^h Ph P-i Ah P-. P-. Pl, Ph P-tftftp^P^P-i QJ 03 0) ttJ QJ 0) 4) 4J OJ 4J jJ +3 +3 ^ ff3 83 ri o3 o3 o3 (^ _t> > > > _>. > _t> 'C 'C "C "C "S 'd 'C fL, Ph P^ Pn Ph fk &^ > > t* •d-E-C a: p ^ r^ ^; tJ !> 0,i^u ^-a o C4 o mnncqnmmmpq (•.■aS. J 03 a K ~ ■» ■SaN.S5.S SSsBoa mmnoann •30 as. a> 5W_r, .3 S 0)0,- -s a ■§ a ^5 8 So •a EP 03 - ■3g 0=^ <» O HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 75 -a o O CO cc UI h- z o > < CO LlI a. CD < o o LU 02 M < 1^ JCilled at Spottsylvania. Wounded and pri.soner at Spottsylvania; died ill Rich- mond prison; buried there. Wounded at Winchester; discharged on acct. of wounds. De-serted May 1-64. Killed at Spottsylvania; rolls says missing since May 10-61. Mustered out from general hospital. Deserted May 1-61. Killed at Sailor's Creek, Va. Discharged from hospital. \Vouiided at Sailor's Creek, Va. ; discharged from hospital. Killed at Spottsylvania; buried on the field. Wounded in fout at Spottsylvania; died in general hos- pital; place of burial not known. Wounded at Spottsylvauia; died June 7 or 23-61; buried at Arlington, Absent, sick at muster nut. ?: C 4J 1 Died and buried at City Point, Va; ^rave 1045; disease. Deserted Dec. 21 or 2y, Co. rolls; died at An dereon villa prison; grave 6517. Wounded in liip at Spottsylvania. Wounded iu hand at spottsylvania; deserted Aug. 31-64. Detailed as clerk in Q. M. department of regiment. Wounded iu arm; deserted Dec.l-ti4; mus. out at gen. hos. t.1 S I X! u ■s E o Deserted July 17-(j4. Prisoner May 10-61; died in Andersonville prison., gr. 3448. Wouudtd at Winchester; died from amputation of foot; buried at Winchester, grave 6714. Discharged for disability from hospital. Wouudedat Sailor's Creek; died at Port Royal, Pa. Wounded and prisoner at Spottsylvania; arm amputated; died at Petersburg, Huntingdon county, Pa. Wounded iu shoulder at Spottsylvauia. lb CO § •-a ; 3 3 3? : : 1— ( >-3 8 -0 1 - is is IS ': CD : ^ : ft ■ ^ : ; 1 » -d -0 c 3 •<6 ^ ■ : ..-1 '-' ; : • >-. -w : : si p. : : 3 1^ (^ 33 S3 3^1 3 ^3 3 "§ so m b s to s ess IT) lOiOir rH tHi-.tH to 1-1 r-l rHrH aa'a *■?'■? 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LU bo 3 ^^ g" 0) o o UJ z S IZ V -a III w5 1 n, o Kg c 'III' 1 1 .2 CO 4.3 C a ffi cS a s, ?§s s SS3 g ) 00 p i-^ 01 CO * -O t-i O) a> aS c aj aJ a I B^H B s ■^ C! -hJ -u> -t- ■*^*^ -1- c > > > > > > > > > be a D= •EB 'E 'G-C T •C'E-G 'C 'C PhPh e- PnflH H PhPhPh Ph Ph ei CO • ?: s w in I— 1 >t . 1^ E 1 c o 1 1 J s 1 a T c a 1 > ' s a f- •c c 1 £ 1 1 ^1 ) ' ) 3 r : ; 1 ) P4 1 iz; 3 ■3 1 ■3 1 4-3 82 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. CO cc LU UJ o > < > _l >- CO z z UJ ffgsg o o c BSg PP P « w O C ;3 Li o o a* (D > wj D S 3 tn S O O O 03 s ^ ftp.^ SSS p. B -11 f^ : Ohm ft < CL o o S5: ■a 3 S TI< S to «3 *o (O ^ ^ to C9 SO CO V S 0:1 <1> O) O •-" I-" C-l i-H OJ OJ <3J D gco F > « O I a Si Sg3 d ■ !>^ O too •a o ;5 1-^ EfM tl M tH O) O) dJ CCCBCO OOOpOQcO 00000 4) D a) o 0) 4^ .U 4^ -U -fJ ed cj cj CEJ < > _l >- CO LlI Q. CTl bo 4^ O C-a O ° t« ift ._ f/j in 3 3 SS SB'S ■a .Si? s ^■^•■53 oi o o 3 3 a '« (A o O 3 Si? i§ ftg, CO'.-* a 03 ft .- >" a •a ■? a I' j2 - bD« 4i O O pD 713 Eg o d ■+-3 OJ ^ > borf THrO O f J3 a ft ^< ajTi a o ^ a a t; ft ■» 'O 3 4.3 4J 4J og_s»3« a oiJiiil ■a.; 1 C a'? .23 g,o.ftftft B§saa r9 9 O O o 2 M a . -"^ aaa a gg 0) ftO) -J O) O Oj t- -13 ^ OCcJ 2 0) = t! ^ c« = W^ up S.S53§i^3 0000 Om^^ s « o) o o) 'i 2 '^ 3^ (X, ^^hli. rHC5 O - .'O a> CD V O) j-J-iS *= j-> -U JJ*J-fc3 -M+J+J 03 ri 03 03 03 03 c3 03 o3 03 S3 > t* > > > t> > r- >>> •E'fl h t-i •C-C-G-S •C-S'C PlhPh PipH P.^PhPhP-1 C^hPhPh ti d C3 d >>> > ftftft ft ft ftftft ft *^ *^ *j *^ *j i^ t^s d Kj 03 SJ CJ d ri C> t> > t- > t- t- ft < s -; a g 03 h-24 •ss mm = aa 03.3 o C mmmm a tf ft u b. a> a a; 0) W s ^ a 5 oil -s "- ill a 03 o> a> V a •c o 84 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. CD o O CO DC Ixl UJ O > < z < > _l >- CO z CD < Ql o O UJ OS K Mustered out with the Company. Mustered out with the Company. Mustered out with Company. Mustered out with the Company. Mustered out with the Company. Mustered out with Company; wounded in the foot at Spottsylvania. Wounded at Sailor's Creek Va., killed at Beavertown, Pa.; fell into a circular saw. Killed at Spottsylvania. Killed at Spottsylvania. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va. Deserted July 12-64, and not present at muster out. Deserted May 12-64; helped to take W. P. Coiurtney back wounded and forgot to return to the command. Deserted April 26-65, while on march to Danville, Va. Discharged on surgeon's certificate. Wounded in left leg— no date; discharged on G. 0. Wounded in Wilderness; discharged on G. 0. from Har- wood hospital; wounded in both legs. Mustered out with the Company. Deserted Dec. 3-64; absent at muster out; died at Selins grove. Pa. Discharged on surgeon's certificate; died at home— no date. Discharged on general order. Lost leg in Wilderness; died of wounds; buried at Fred- ericksburg, Va. Mustered out with the Oompany. Wounded in left arm at Spottsylvania; to corporal; came home with the Company. Mustered out with the Company. Mustered out with the Company. Killed at Spottsylvania. Mustered out with the Company; dead— no date. Killed at Spottsylvania. Mustered out with the company; wounded at Spottsyl- vania. Wounded in face at Spottsylvania; mustered out with the (.'ompany. Wounded at Spottsylvania; mustered out with the Com- Wounded at Spottsylvania; mustered out with the Com- pany. b 05 ' ■ ^ ■ • Ii •a : ■ ^ : t-H 1 1 III 1 s 1—1 1 1 t : -: CO 3 ; >4 : : n : : 3 3 ^ 3 S 2 S 03 .^ C3 03 B S S S 1 ■g 5 Sooooo ft : t^TJ'O'O'O'a . ; 3 3 : ' 3SS s ; SS§ S : 11 II in So 0° 3 1-1 : 9 3 000 >, ■a 'o 'o f-3 1 UJ fiC 1- § : oj : : ||- ■ k. ■ a) ■ a : 03 a : s^s; • fl H : 00 -0 jn "a UJ S3SS 3 S S 333 S3S3 33 333 33 333 33 ceti.Qod.tN 2 .A AAA t4ui23 Ati .0 03 4. 0.0 -h .0 _ .Q M 75cJC5rHO--<'^THO(NT-(Cl r-t ^ ^ CNC^(Sl!N M r-C^COCC3 (M O Q OC^CSI .cp.a.Q .Q -g, p .a.QP p.a^.a" ,£3.0 .a .a .a .a.a c'^.a p "^ "^ xi .a u -s Ogo^ou ooooo qo 00 c'^ 000 g 5 ^.^TJ^-dtH 'O 'O'd'O'C'O 'O'd'd'^ tj-o -o -« -d 'a> t-'O'O -c -a -o 13 m t. Oh 1= ::::::::;::::::: ; ■ : : : : : ; : ; ; ; « cc ■c-pwa-c -a -c-s-c-cp -c-l-a-c -c-a -c -a -a -a -a -a -a -a -a | 'a -a -a -a M CD 1 ^02 QJ.g OJ a ■: Si 3 ( c an I 0*- P : ^ c 3 < 1 S H 1 1;" S,' 3 § 3|c ill Si .c ■& 1 w a"< a| : t a -I 3 ? 1 i ^ 1 t> it ! t i 1 u a ;: < h H 1 e u c i i 3 ^ 3 i I 'B 1.1 f ft ■0 at S iSii 1 ^ = 'i S 1 5 C 3 ^ > c M ? c 1 p A P i HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 85 «4 >. 1 a a a as the Company. the Company. the Company. . M. Gray; mustered out with Comp'y. hester; to cori»ral; came home with ed at Sellnsgrove, Pa. ivlvanla; absent at master out. Ivania; killed on picket line discharged on G. 0. r. Hospital, Washington, D. C, m same June 24-65, on G. 0. 1 a ft s a ft ); Company rolls say missing !Ct. -64; taken prisoner; died in )v. '64. . his Kiven name. 1. II ^. e8 )^ OJ +3 Q § -alii?" 8 a 5=i h 8 >.s £ ^ s ^_^ K .sl J3^ ,3 P " •" 1 ■a s CD iS a C 03 431:3 ■*-* ffi o r-( 03 u .-B"?. S.-B OcK 43 4J+3 OJ^ C^' a 3 3-0 d «-s ft &"* ■^ S cu aj'3 OJ Q ^S:0^ _g SW fi g n CO o i l-H -a 4^ 0) >* 03 1 13 > 03 H d a a , ■ • ! be 1 43 o CO Cd -d S «o to 3 a u ■a o a UJ LU _« > ■> > 1 ^ 03 +3 ^ « P4 o3 a - 3 1 [>, 3 >■. 0) C O g 03 > ^ ft 5 1 « s ft a 1 'O < < > 1 c '0'3'3'3'0 g 3 B 8 Pi QJ a CJ (A 03 o 1 _l CS M fH . ^ d >- -0 n3 3 S ^ CO z z LLl CL .2 LJ 1 Pi d O 1 a a a 2 'd 8 < I a 5 a -0 f- l! s 'p ID -C £ 0) m a 3 S-i ■Ji 2 1 1 c: 1— ■■'5) 03 o G Pi oo o o o i 1 i 03 2 d o "■ V ft o o — bi a 8 0) 1 — 5£ ! sa ! SS g ss 3 3 5 2 o3 1 d 1 " 1 85^ i s? 1 c^c-* 000 C > o SoS" d (> ^c ) c^ ■> 0) 4^ >- ^fi i ^^ . ^^.T^rc-d -C ■» .d'^te fi • ^■^ ,c .^ s 3 o 4J a Z Ul dj a J oj a ; a> 0) O Sj 03 a i CD a a Ph a 43 |i,|i H feEt 1 ^f^ Ft< ^-^ (<: fM fL f^ a o < CL _ a 02 s i 3 S i m £ a^ ' ^i s ^ (? 1 g 5" = 1^ £ t> c cgooo c o o o o o > 8c J C i & a g o d a 3 ^ at ti oj S* a jScO CO Cf 'C 'O'U'O'O p i: o i2 d UJ z s 1^ 1 1 1 o o d . .(M . ~ S a faC CO iH . -C^ - , o 03 <: _ a a d d . Si ^-S 0) QJ j^ _g aJ a 0) > f* t> > f. !> > f> l> t> >■ .£.£ t & .£ g £ cc SI Sf£ ■S'G-c-c-s 'c ■G -C-G-C-C T "ET ■c X T o ^ fi PhPhP-PhPh a Ph Ph AhP-iP-( P- PhP. (i P- P- S! QJ -d H -2 ^ a; OJ , s t* ^ , 'C nd 1— 1 a Ml c3 w >1 s s _d fl OJ ft p Pi . ^ 1 c 03 -C > < 1 a Se 0) C bo 11 P c 1 .c 1 1 a S o QJ c« d bo 1 03 bo g |21 1 . 1 - 1 < 1 1" ^1 1 1 6 P E 1 1 1 p ffl 1— a 2 ' 1 ^ 1 86 HiStORY 49TIt PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. LOSS OF 49th PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. COMPANIES. Old Company A Old Company B Old Company C Old Company D Old Company E Old Company F Old Company G Old Company H Old Company I Old Company K Total Old Companies Consolidated Company A Consolidated Company B Consolidated Company C Consolidated Company D Total Consolidated Companies New Company E New ( ompany F . . . . New Company G New Company H New Company I Total New Companies Colonel Irwin Colonel Hnlings Band Grand totals Killed, Mort'llyWd Wounded, Died, Prisoners. DiedlnPrls'n TOTAL 7 7 7 5 5 5 10 6 9 8 13 15 19 12 21 80 152 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 5 1 6 28 7 2 6 4 4 23 51 35 11 28 25 12 7 27 31 23 13 212 8 D 3 14 28 21 40 37 29 35 162 403 23 10 10 13 12 17 9 7 13 13 127 21 18 3 4 3 13 151 29 19 70 31 51 46 35 32 51 51 52 41 460 11 3 3 16 33 51 74 66 53 64 308 805 In compiling our rolls (loss), Feb. 18, 189S, all tiie old men (loss) are counted in the ten original companies, and only the new men (loss) in the consolidated and in the new companies. It was an arduous duty to get them placed cor- rectly in the profier columns. The author experienced the greatest Oifflculty in computing the number of prisoners and those who di-.d in prison. It will be noticed that prisoners arc given at 20, and died in prison at 19. The total number of prisoners, however, was 70, and the others are counted in the wounded column, they having been previously wounded, and could rot be counted elsewhere. A man killed is counted as one loss; a man wounded and prisoner same day, one loss; a man prisoner, one loss; a man wounded May 5, Ihlii, and killed April 2, 1805, two losses. Our mortally wounded — 51— arc to be added to the number killed— 152, making the grand total 203 killed. We had seventy prisonei-s taken, and 20 of these died in rebels' prison and 44 were exchanged. 000 ENROLLMENT OF 49th PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. COMPANIES. Old Company A Old Company B Old Company C Old Company D Old Company E Old Company F • Old Company G Old Company II Old Company I Old Company K Consolidated Company A, recruits.. Consolidated Company B, recruits. . Consolidated Company C, recruits. . Consolidated Company D, recruits.. Band Field and Staff New Company E New Company F New Company G New Company H New Company 1 Adjutant Miller Totals.. Safes' HIst'ry Is Short 38 19 22 26 20 30 16 16 33 14 235 New Company K is not included. They are treated as visitors, as they came to the regiment after Lee had sur rendered. Thefighting was done, and they, consequently, suffered no loss. See end of book for names. Fox gives our killed and died of wounds at 193; died of disease, accident, in prison, etc., 168; total killed and wounded, 73C; died in prison, previously included, 24; enrollment, 1313. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 87 ORIGINAL CAPTAINS 49th PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Old Company A Joseph M. Greene Centre Co. , Pa. Old Company B George F. Smith West Chester, Pa. Old Company C John B. Miles Huntingdon, Pa. Old Company D James D. Campbell Huntingdon, Pa. Old Company E Henry A. Zollinger Lewistown, Pa. Old Company F Benjamin H. Sweeney West Chester, Pa. Old Company G John Boal Centre Co., Pa. Old Company H Ralph L. Maclay Mifflin Co., Pa. Old Company I Calvin Dewitt Juniata Co. , Pa. Old Company K Mathias Niece Mifflin Co. , Pa. Consolidated Company A Amor W. Wakefield Jan. ii, 1863. Consolidated Company B Wm. B. Freeburn Jan. 11, 1863. Consolidated Company C A. Boyd Hutchinson Jan. 11, 1863. Consolidated Company D James A. Quigley Jan. 11, 1863. New Company E Frank Wombacker December, 1863. New Company F Wm. Sherwood December, 1863. New Company G James T. Stuart December, 1863. New Company H Ed. T. Swain February, 1864. New Company I Wm. P. Kephart March, 1864. 000 CORPS GENERALS. General E. D. Keys Fourth Corps March 13-62, to May 10-62. General Wm. B. Franklin Sixth Corps May 10-62, to Nov. 14-62. General W. F. Smith Sixth Corps Nov 14-62, to Jan. 26-63. General John Sedgwick Sixth Corps Jan. 26-63, to May 9-64. General H. G. Wright Sixth Corps May 9-64, to June 28-65. We only remained a part of the Fourth Corps five day.s after the battle of Wil- liamsburg, Va. 000 DIVISION COMMANDERS. General Wm. F. Smith September, 1861, to Nov. 14-62. General A. P. Howe Nov. 14-62, to Jan. 27-63. General H. G. Wright Jan. 26-62, to May 9-64. General D. A. Russell May 9-64, to Sept. 19-64. General Frank Wheaton Sept. 19-64, to June 28-65. 000 BRIGADE COMMANDERS. General Winfield S. Hancock September, 1861, to Sept. 17-62. Colonel Amasor Cobb, Fifth Wisconsin Sept. 17-62, to Sept. 21-62. General Calvin E. Pratt Sept. 21-62, to March, 1863. General David A. Russell March, 1863, to May 9-64. General Eustus May 9-64, to May 2 1 -64. General Oliver Edwards May 21-64, to June 28-65. HtSTORV 49TH PENNSVLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. General McClellan's First Order to the 49th. Headquarters Army of the Potomac, ) Washington, September 6, 1861. ) General Orders No. 7. The Major General Commanding desires and requests that in future there may be a more perfect respect for the Sabbath on the part of his command. We are fighting in a holy cause, and should endeavor to deserve the benign fivor of the Creator. Unless in the case of an attack by the enemy, or some other extreme military necessity, it is commended to commanding officers that all work shall be suspended on the Sabbath ; that no unnecessary movements shall be made on that day ; that the men shall, as far as possible, be permitted to rest from their labors ; that they shall attend divine service after the customary Sunday morning inspection, and that officers and men shall alike use their influence to insure the utmost decorum and quiet on that day. The General Commanding regards this as no idle form ; one day's rest in seven is necessary to men and animals ; more than this, the observance of the holy day of the God of Mercy and of Battles is our sacred duty. George B. McClellan, Major General Commanding. BADGE OF THE 49P.V. FIRST DIVISION, SIXTH CORPS. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 89 Marches of the 49th P. V. Camp Curtin, liarrisburg. Pa. Friday, Sept. 6, 1861. — It is raining hard this evening; the camp is unusually quiet. Saturday, Sept. 7, 1861. — ^The companies that are in camp spent several hours drilling this morning ; day is pleasant and cool. Sunday, Sept. 8, 1861. — Day is cool and pleasant ; we had a sermon in camp this morning by Rev. Gregg. Monday, Sept. 9, 1861. — Nothing of any importance going on in camp to-day. Christ Dale and Griffith Lytle, of the Centre County company, visited the insane asylum. Tuesday, Sept. 10, 1861. — The day is rather cool, but pleasant ; non-commis- sioned officers had a drill this morning, and at 3.30 p. M. they had to drill again. Wednesday, Sept. 11, 1861. — Pulled down our tents, packed up and marched from the east end of camp to the west end ; put up our tents and are snugly quar- tered ; Sergeants' drill this morning ; it is raining this afternoon. Thursday, Sept. 12, 1861. — The boys were all aroused at daybreak this morn- ing by hearing Lieutenant A. Boyd Hutchinson, of the Centre County company, calling out : " Pennsylvania Infantry, wake up ! " twenty new recruits have arrived ; no drill to-day ; many of the boys went to town. Friday, Sept. 13, 1861. — About 3,000 soldiers marched into Harrisburg in one column this morning ; day very warm. Saturday, Sept. 14, 1861. — Sergeants drilled this morning ; some of our boys took a walk over to the river this evening ; Lieutenant Reed returned to camp this evening ; he had been home. Sunday, Sept. 15, 1861. — Our Regiment marched to town this morning to attend church ; was met by Colonel Irwin and ordered to return to camp and remain there all day ; the Colonel seems to be boss. Monday, Sept. 16, 1861. — Part of the Boalsburg company was marched up to the gate, with the intention of going to the canal, but could not be passed through ; Musser and Dale broke through the guard and got out, and the others returned to their quarters ; some of the boys are commencing to think they cannot do as they would like to do ; Colonel Knipe's Regiment left camp to day for Washington City. Tuesday, Sept. 17, 1861. — Raining to-day ; did no drilling ; dress parade this evening ; quite a storm about dark. Wednesday, Sept. 18, 1861. — Day quite warm ; some of the boys are expressing their citizen clothes home to-day. Thursday, Sept. 19, 1861. — Nothing of importance in camp, except that the Regiment drew its guns— Harper's Ferry muskets. F'riday, Sept. 20, 1861. — After dress parade Governor A. G. Curtin and his staff appeared in camp and presented to the Regiment our stand of colors (paid for out of his own funds), with a very able speech. Colonel Irwin, in reply, said that, while he had an arm to wield a sword or a man to fire a gun, the colors should never drop in the face of an enemy, nor be desecrated by the touch of rebel hands. That promise was kept. Saturday, Sept. 21, 1861. — Up this morning at daybreak, took breakfast, and commenced tearing down our tents and packing up ; marched down through Harris- 90 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. burg, and, at about 9 A. M. , we started for Washington City over the Northern Cen- tral Railroad. It required two trains to carry our Regiment. The boys were in great glee until within about five miles of Baltimore T Mount Washington), when a sad accident befell us. The engine of the second train ran into the rear of the front train, killing two of our men — Fulton and Parker — and seriously injuring several others. The engineer and fireman left their engine and quickly disappeared, and Sergeant John W. Stephens, of Company A, jumped on the engine and shut off the steam. We were delayed several hours by this accident, but arrived at Baltimore about midnight, and marched from the N. C. R. R. depot to the B. & O. depot. . 000 Washington, D. C. Sunday, Sept. 22, 1861. — We left Baltimore this morning and arrived at Wash- ington about 2 p. M. , had our dinner at the Soldiers' Relief, after which we marched to camp on the commons, about one mile north of the capitol, but did not get our tents pitched until dark. Monday, Sept. 23, r86i. — Went to the Soldiers' Relief for breakfast; many of the boys went to see the United States capitol building and other places of interest. Tuesday, Sept. 24, i86i. — Moved our quarters to-day ; quite warm at noon. Wednesday, Sept. 25, 1861. — We have camp duties to perform ; some of the boys went out about two miles to bathe. Thursiiy, S2pt. 25, i85i. — Dces3 pirade at 10 A. M. ; pleasant, cool air all day. Friday, Sept. 27, i85i. — Cloudy and raining all day ; we left Camp Juniata at 3 p. M., and marched until about 8 p. M. ; passed through Georgetown, up the Poto- mac, to Chain Ridge and into Virginia, and camped ; every person was tired and hungry ; two of our baggage wagons, with our tents and haversacks, upset into a ditch, and the other wagons were drawn off the road and stopped for the night ; the night was cool and windy, and we had neither tents or blankets ; detailed to go back and help wagons up ; we tore down an old house and made fires ; officers and men fared alike. Saturday, Sept. 28, 1 861. — Hancock's Brigade was formed to-day, consisting of the Fifth Wisconsin, Sixth Maine, Forty-third New York and Forty-ninth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers ; early this morning our tents and haversacks arrived, and we pitched our tents ; this evening we each received four rounds of cartridges and were ordered to sleep with our equipments on, ready to march at a moment's warning ; at II o'clock we were aroused and marched about one mile from camp ; a number of our men were detailed as pickets and the remainder ordered to halt in the road and await further orders ; Company G captured a horse, but it broke loose and escaped ; day pleasant. 000 Camp Griffin, Va. Sunday, Sept. 29, 1861. — Received orders to return to camp this morning ; came in about 5 A. M. and went to bed, and at daybreak were aroused again ; the Regiment was marched to a hill a few rods east of camp, where it was kept until 10 A. M., then ordered to camp ;. day fair and pleasant. Monday, Sept. 30, 1861. — Received orders this morning to pack up and be ready to move at a moment's warning, to strike tents ; we left Camp Advance at 11 o'clock and marched south two and one-half miles ; stopped twice on the road to support a battery ; stayed here all afternoon waiting on our tents ; they came up at dark and we put them up at once ; day pleasant. Tuesday, Oct. i, 1861. — Our position is two and one-half miles northwest of HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 91 Miner's Hill, one mile northeast of Lewinsville, and five miles from Chain Bridge ; the morning was cool, but pleasant during the day ; nearly every person on duty — picket, cutting wood, etc. Wednesday, Oct. 2, 1861. — Cloudy all day, and some rain ; Christ Dale was Sergeant of the camp guard to- day. Thursday, Oct. 3, 1861. — Nothing of any importance going on in camp ; weather pleasant. Friday, Oct. 4, 1861 — Weather warm ; police force was out to-day cleaning up our camp. Saturday, Oct. 5, 1861. — Quite warm to-day ; battalion drill at 10 A. M. ; many of the boys were in the wood gathering chestnuts this afternoon. Sunday, Oct. R, 1861. — Preaching at 10 A. m. by the Chaplain. Monday, Oct. 7, 1861. — Our pickets went out at 3 o'clock this morning ; rained this evening and greater part of the night. Tuesday, Oct. 8, 1891. — Pickets came in at 9 A. M. ; the day was pleasant, but rather cool. Wednesday, Oct. 9, 1861. — The weather was pleasant, cloudy and cool ; the Regiment was ordered out to drill this morning with knapsacks on, and got ready to march about one hour afterwards ; marched about four miles from camp, and halted until about 4 A. M. , then continued the march, and halted in a corn field about 8 P. M. ; we then marched several miles farther, and rested where a fort had been com- menced ; we slept in a ditch during the night and rested quite well ; weather cloudy and not very cool. [The ' 'ditch' ' rrferred to above was a ' 'rifle-pit, ' ' but the boys did not know the name of it. J — Author. Thursday, Oct. 10, 1861. — Up this morning at daybreak, and commenced working on the fort ; worked until noon ; some of our baggage and provision came up this morning ; tents arrived this evening. Friday, Oct. 11, 1861. — Day pleasant ; nothing new transpired. Saturday, Oct 12, 1861. — Pleasant and cool ; at noon ah attack was expected by the enemy upon the fort ; the regiment was quickly ordered into the trench, where we were kept during the day and all night, but they did not make the attack. Sunday, Oct. 13, 1861. — Preaching in camp ; chaplain of the Fifth Wisconsin was present. Monday, Oct. 14, I861. — Weather pleasant ; nothing of any importance hap- pened in camp. Tuesday, Oct. 15, 1861. — Pickets went out this morning at 4 o'clock ; day was pleasant. Wednesday, Oct. 16, 186I. — Pickets came in at 7 o'clock this morning ; noth- ing of any importance occurred in camp ; usual camp duties. Thursday, Oct. 17, 1861. — Cloudy during the day ; raining this evening. Friday, Oct. 18, 1861. — Cloudy this forenoon ; clear and pleasant rest of the day ; nothing new in camp. Saturday, Oct. 19, 1861. — Cloudy and raining during the day ; evening clear and pleasant ; nothing new in camp ; many of the boys wrote letters home. Sunday, Oct. 20, 1861. — Weather pleasant ; we had no preaching ; Chaplain was absent. Monday, Oct. 21, 1861. — Cool but pleasant ; nothing but usual camp duties. Tuesday, Oct. 22, 1861. — Cold and raining during the day ; the boys mostly in quarters. Milton Clemson, Adam Wooden and J. C. Weize, of Company E, were found sleeping on post in picket line to night ; they were courtmartialed, but got clear. Wednesday, Oct. 23, 1861. — Morning cloudy ; evening is cold ; quite stormy in the night. John Currans, of Company A, was arrested to-night outside of our picket line. His sentence was not guilty, but pay $3 a month for two months for be- 92 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. ing absent without leave. The above sentences are imposed more to set an example than for punisment. Thursday, Oct. 24, 1861. — Quite cool during the day ; evening clear and cool. Regiment was mustered into the United Service. Through some technical informal- ity the first muster at Harrisburg, Pa., was decided illegal. [Notice. — Owing to this a great injustice was done to those of the Regiment who did not re-enlist, com- pelling them to serve from two to three months more than three years, but the men were paid from the date of enlistment ] — Author. Friday, Oct. 25, 1861.- — Pickets went out at 2 o'clock this morning; it is quite cold; heavy frost, but pleasant during the day. Saturday, Oct. 26, 1861. — Pickets came in ; general review to-day ; three Bri- gades were represented, four Regiments in each Brigade. About 12,000 infantry, 600 cavalry and about eighteen pieces of artillery commenced to review about 10 A. M. ; closed at 1 2 noon ; day was pleasant. Sunday, Oct. 27, 1861. — The day was pleasant ; the boys spent the day in camp, engaging in the usual camp duties ; the Chaplain being absent, there was no preaching. Monday, Oct. 28, 1861. — Day cool ; usual drills ; Sergeant C. Dale is Sergeant of camp guard. Tuesday, Oct. 29, 1861. — Day was pleasant ; usual drills and camp details. Wednesday, Oct. 30, 1861. — Weather was pleasant ; had Company skirmish drill this morning and battalion drill this afternoon ; four Regiments belonging to our Brigade were out — Forty-third New York , Sixth Maine, Fifth Wisconsin and Forty- ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, commanded by General Hancock. Thursday, Oct. 31, 1861. — Weather pleasant ; we had general inspection of the Brigade this morning, which lasted three hours ; Company G was taken to General Handcock's headquarters to guard to-night. Friday, Nov. i, 1861. — We had general inspection of the Regiment this morn- ing ; day fair and pleasant. Saturday, Nov. 2, 1861. — It rained the greater part of last night ; the boys gen- erally remained in quarters on account of the storm. Sunday, Nov. 3, i86i. — Clear and cool ; pickets went out at 4 o'clock this morning and were stationed at Lewinsville, on the Reserve ; Pennsylvania Cavalry passed Lewinsville this afternoon, going in the direction of Fairfax ; they returned this evening with a prisoner, whom they caught concealed under the hay in a stable ; he proved to be a surgeon in the rebel army, and we presume he will abandon his profession awhile. Monday, Nov. 4, i86i. — Pickets came in at sunrise this morning ; we practiced firing by Companies and by Regiment (blank cartridges), this afternoon. Tuesday, Nov. 5, 1861. — -We put in most of the day at drilling ; received new blankets to-day ; day is pleasant. Wednesday, Nov. 6, 1861. — Cloudy and raining ; we spent several hours prac- ticing McCIellan's light infantry drill ; evening clear. Thursday, Nov. 7, 1861.— Weather pleasant ; we have the usual camp duties to perform. Friday, Nov. 8, 1861. — Heavy frost this morning, but pleasant during the day ; Regiment practiced skirmishing for about three hours this afternoon (by Regiment). Saturday, Nov. 9, 1861. — Christ Dale was Sergeant of the guard to-day ; cloudy and rain this evening. Sunday, Nov. 10, 1861. — Nothing of importance in camp to-day except preach- ing this morning. Monday, Nov. 11, 1861. — Weather pleasant ; usual camp duties. Tuesday, Nov. 12, 1861. — Some of the boys strolled out through the country ; HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 93 William Musser and Sergeant Dale, of Company G, visited tlie residence of Com- modore Jones and returned to camp about 3 p. m. Wednesday, Nov. 13, 1861.^ — Had a review of the Division this afternoon, which took about three hours ; day pleasant. Thursday, Nov. 14, 1861. — Morning cloudy ; afternoon raining; disagreeable in camp this evening. Friday, Nov. 15, 1861. — Raining this morning ; evening clear and cool ; usual camp duties. Saturday, Nov. 16, 1861. — Quite stormy and cold ; ground was slightly frozen this morning. Sunday, Nov. 17, i86r. — Pickets started out this morning at 4:30 o'clock; cold during the day. Monday, Nov. 18, 1861. — Morning cold and frosty ; pickets got relieved at sunrise ; Regiment got paid this evening for two months. Tuesday, Nov. 19, 1861. — Morning cold ; noon more pleasant ; drills, camp guards, etc., as usual. Wednesday, Nov. 20, i86i. — Started from camp this morning at daybreak to attend the review at Munson Hill ; arrived at the ground about to A. M. At noon General McClellan and Staff arrived, accompanied by President Lincoln. There were ninety Regiments of infantry, nine Regiments of cavalry and over 100 pieces of artillery; in all 70,000 troops passed in review. We passed many interesting objects on our way to and from review, and met with a number of circumstances not soon to be forgotten. Immediately after passing the reviewing stand Colonel Irwin com- menced drilling the Regiment and blocked up the troops that were passing in review. General Hancock rode up rapidly when he had found out the cause of the trouble, and in very forcible language placed Colonel Irwin under arrest, and the Regiment turned and straggled back to camp, where it arrived during the night. For this breach of discipline Colonel Irwin was tried by court martial and was sentenced to loss of rank and pay for sixty days, during which time he was confined to the limits of the camp. Thursday, Nov. 21, 1861. — Day pleasant; usual camp duties; boys are send- ing some of their money home and talking of the review. Friday, Nov. 22, 1861. — Morning cold, but pleasant through the day ; boys cleaning up this morning for Division review this afternoon. Saturday, Nov. 23, 1861. — Nothing of any importance transpired in camp to- day. Sunday, Nov. 24, 1861. — Morning cold ; inspection of arms, knapsacks and clothing ; preaching in camp at 11 A. M. ; this evening cloudy and cold. Monday, Nov. 25, 1861. — Cold and frosty ; usual camp duties ; boys are fixing up their quarters, preparing for colder weather. Tuesday, Nov. 26, 1861. — Cloudy this morning, pleasant this evening ; boys are putting floors in their tents ; battalion drill at 10 A. m. ; skirmish drill this after- noon. Wednesday, Nov. 27, 1861. — Morning cloudy and cold, with rain in the after- noon ; the boys are putting in the time at their quarters. Thursday, Nov. 28, 1861. — Cloudy in the morning, but more pleasant, with rain in the evening ; no military services were required of the soldiers to-day (Thanksgiving). Friday, Nov. 29, 1861. — Cloudy and cool in the morning, and rain all day ; no drilling except in the Company streets. Saturday, Nov. 30, 1861. — Cool and raining in the morning, and still cold this afternoon ; we spent the day generally in camp ; no drilling. Sunday, Dec. i, 1861. — Detailed at 9 o'clock a. m. to go on guard at Division headquarters ; cold this morning, but warmer during day ; usual Sunday inspection. 94 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Monday, Dec. 2, 1 861. —Headquarters guard was relieved at 10 a. m. ; usual camp duties, drills, etc. ; day cold and cloudy. Tuesday, Dec. 3, 1861. — Cold and windy ; quite a lot of the boys out over the hill washing clothes ; it took Sergeant Dale and Grif Lytle, of Company G, about four hours to wash their clothes. Wednesday, Dec. 4, 1862. — Usual camp duties ; day pleasant. Thursday, Dec. 5, 1861. — Pleasant, quite warm at noon ; moved our camp to- day. Friday, Dec. 6, 1861. — Up at 4 o'clock this morning ; our regiment started at daybreak this morning on a scouting expedition ; went out two miles beyond Hun- ter's Mills ; returned at 9 P. M. ; we were several miles from the rebels' camps. Saturday, Dec. 7, 1861. — Some of the boys are fixing up their tents to-day, preparing for winter ; others on guard, etc. Sunday, Dec. 8, 1861. — Pickets went out before daylight this morning; quite warm all day. Monday, Dec. 9, iS6r. — Pickets came in this morning at sunrise ; usual camp duties ; day quite warm. Tuesday, Dec. 10, i86r. — Boys still fixing up quarters for winter, building up with logs or poles about four feet high, plastered with mud on the outside, tents raised on top for roofs ; fire place in one end, bunks in the other end ; it is quite cheerful ; day quite warm. Wednesday, Dec. 11, 1861. — Many of the boys working in their tents, when they have time ; usual roll calls, drills, etc. ; also washday for many of the boys. Thursday, Dec. 12, 1861. — Morning cool, noon warm ; nothing new in camp, excepting that a lot of our officers have been resigning of late ; the boys are talking about it quite freely : Brigade drill. Friday, Dec. 13, 1861. — Raised a flag at our camp to-day ; day cool and clear. Saturday, Dec. 14, 1861. — Sergeant Christian Dale, of Company G, on camp guard ; on post from 9 A. m. until 3 P. M. and from g p. m. until 3 A. M. ; three Ser- geants and a Corporal were arrested for passing through the guard ; morning cool, noon warm, evening moderate. Sunday, Dec. 15, i85i. — Preaching at 11 A. M. ; morning pleasant, noon and evening cool and windy ; inspection of arms. Monday, Dec. 16, 1861. — Skirmish drill for two hours this forenoon ; Brigade drill for four hours this afternoon. Tuesday, Dec. 17, 1861. — Most of the boys spent this forenoon in camp ; had Brigade drill this afternoon ; warm and pleasant. Wednesday, Dec. 18, 1861. — Battalion drill this afternoon, also skirmish drill. Thursday, Dec. 19, 1861. — Very frosty this morning, quite pleasant through- out the day ; we had Regimental drill this forenoon. Friday, Dec. 20, 1861. — Cold and windy to-day ; Sergeant Christian Dale, of Company G, on guard at Brigade headquarters, with three Corporals and twenty privates from his camp. Saturday, Dec. 21, 186 1. — Cold and windy ; did no drilling to-day ; Sergeant C. Dale spent the forenoon in camp and in the afternoon went over to Colonel Kane's First Rifle Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers ; they were engaged in the battle at Drainsville yesterday (the 20th), which resulted in the complete routing of the ene- my ; the number of killed and wounded was about 150; our loss about fifteen or twenty ; two caissons were captured from the enemy and a lot of clothing left on the field ; a detail went out on a scout. Sunday, Dec. 22, 1861. — Preaching in camp to-day ; cold and raining this even- ing ; inspection of arms. Monday, Dec. 23, 1861. — -Boys are still fixing up their quarters ; raining; even- ing cold and stormy ;freeziug very fast. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 95 Tuesday, Dec. 24, 1861. — Weather cold and windy, but moderated this even- ing ; the boys got ready this morning for inspection, but were not inspected ; no drilling was done to-day. Wednesday, Dec. 25, 1861. — Morning was cold and frosty, but noon pleasant ; usual details, camp guard, etc. ; Company G is busy planting cedar trees in its street, which give it a good appearance. Thursday, Dec. 26, 1861. — Cold and windy ; we had regimental inspection ; many of the boys wrote letters home to-da}^ Friday, Dec. 27, 1861. — Morning cold and getting colder this evening ; we had battalion drill this afternoon. An orderly attempted to pass through the Regiment during a manoeuver, and General Hancock shouted to Colonel Irvin: "Damn him ! Cut his ears off!" Captain Campbell acted as lieutenant colonel. It is the general opinion that Captain Campbell will shortly be promoted, as many of our line officers are resigning, and we expect some of the field and staff to do likewise. Saturday, Dec. 28, 1861. — Cold all day ; Sergeant Christ Dale and all of Com- pany G were agreeably surprised this afternoon by a visit from Messrs. F. McLane and Glenn Tate, Centre county friends. Sunday, Dec. 29, 1861. — Company inspection was held in the street and regi- mental inspection on the parade ground ; some of our boys attended preaching ser- vices in the camp of the Fifth Wisconsin regiment ; the text was, Isaiah, 3d chapter, 9 and 10 verses. Monday, Dec. 30, 1861. — Weather cool this morning, but pleasant during the day ; the usual details for camp duty and picket to-morrow were made. Tuesday, Dec. 31, 1861. — The pickets started out at daylight this morning ; the day was pleasant ; Sergeant C. Dale, of Company G, was on the Big Reserve until noon, when he went on the line with the second relief; he was relieved at 4 P. M and came back to the Reserve, where he remained until midnight. Wednesday, January i, 1862. — We started out to the line at the commencement of the day and year to relieve the first relief, and we in turn were relieved at 4 o' clock in the morning ; we came back to the Reserve, where we remained until we were relieved by a new lot of men at 9 a. m., when we came into camp ; no drilling was required of the pickets to-day ; usual drills, etc., in the regiment ; the day was quite warm and pleasant. Thursday, Jan. 2, 1862. — Company drill this morning and brigade drill this after- noon ; weather cool. Friday, Jan. 3, 1862. — Company drill this morning and brigade drill this after- noon ; we practiced firing with blank cartridges ; it is sleeting this evening and the weather is very disagreeable. Saturday, Jan. 4, 1862. — The ground was covered with sleet this morning and snow is falling ; the weather is getting colder — winter is commencing in earnest in Virginia ; there was no drilling done to-day, but preparations were made for to-mor- row's inspection ; Judge Boals, of Centre county, Pa., came to camp on a visit this evening. Sunday, Jan. 5, 1862. — Company inspection was held in the street this morning; preaching in camp this afternoon ; dress parade and regimental review this evening ; sleet is falling this evening. Monday, Jan. 6, 1862. — Five inches of snow this morning ; weather was cloudy and cold ; no drilling this morning, but battalion drill this afternoon ; we practiced firing with blank cartridges and skirmishing ; orders were received this evening to have twenty-four hours' rations cooked. Tuesday, Jan. 7, 1862. — Weather cold ; we formed a line of battle on the parade ground and stacked arms, and were kept in readiness to reinforce a scouting party that went out this morning, but our services were not needed, and we returned to quarters. 96 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Wednesday, Jan. 8, 1862. — Companies A and G have visitors from Boalsburg, Centre county, Pa., to-day — Daniel Musser, Rev. Groverand John Jack ; regimental drill this afternoon. Thursday, Jan. 9, 1862. — Usual camp duties to-day, but no drilling; rain this morning and warm at noon. Friday, Jan. 10, 1862. — Day cloudy and foggy ; very muddv in camp ; there was no drilling, but we had dress parade. Saturday, Jan. 11, 1862. — To-day we had a variety of weather — cloudy, foggy and clear — and this evening it is raining ; the boys are washing their clothes ; we re- ceived dress coats this forenoon and are getting ready for inspection. Sunday, Jan. 12, 1862. — Company inspection this forenoon; preaching at 2 p. M. ; dress parade. Monday, Jan. 13, 1S62. — Camp guard mounted at 9 A. M. ; battalion drill this afternoon and dress parade this evening. Tuesday, Jan. 14, 1862. — We had three inches of snow this morning ; it com- menced to fall about no' clock last night ; battalion drill this afternoon ; there was no dress parade. Wednesday, Jan. 15, 1862. — The pickets went out ; it rained hard" at noon ; no drilling was done, but we had dress parade this evening. Thursday, Jan. 16, 1862. — Company drill in the morning and afternoon; we practiced firing by volley with blank cartridges; dress parade this evening. Friday, Jan. 17, 1862. — We had battalion drill for two hours this forenoon ; company drill this afternoon, and we practiced firing at target with ball cartridges. Saturday, Jan. 18, 1862. — Cloudy weather and rain, with considerable mud ; heavy cannonading in the direction of Leesburg was heard last night ; our regiment formed on the parade ground about 12 o'clock, but at this time the cannonading ceased and we were ordered to quarters, with instructions to keep in readiness to turn out on a moment's warning ; we did no drilling to-day, but at i o'clock this afternoon marched over to division headquarters to get our new rifles ; we received marching orders this evening. Sunday, Jan. 19, 1862. — Raining and very muddy in camp to-day ; the usual camp guard. Monday, Jan. 20, 1862. — Some rain to-day ; the regiment practiced firing ball cartridges this morning ; Henry Barger, of Company H, made the best shot in the forenoon, and Samuel Philips carried off the honors in the afternoon ; dress parade this evening. Tuesday, Jan. 21, 1862. — We practiced shooting at target ; rain this morning and snow this afternoon ; we had dress parade without guns. Wednesday, Jan. 22, 1862. — Rain and snow this morning ; we received two months' salary this morning. Thursday, Jan. 23, 1862. — Weather cool and ground slightly frozen; we prac- ticed shooting at target this forenoon ; orders were received this evening to box up our old overcoats and get ready to march at any moment. Friday, Jan. 24, 1862. — Morning cold and rain this evening ; we practiced tar- get shooting this morning and evening ; we received new overcoats to-day. Saturday, Jan. 25, 1862. — The pickets went out at sunrise this morning ; there were regular details for camp guard, but no drilling ; some of the boys went over to Commodore Jones' and had pictures taken. Sunday, Jan. 26, 1862. — The pickets came in ; the day was clear and cool ; there is nothing of any account going on in camp ; we had the regular Sunday inspection. Monday, Jan. 27, 1862. — Sergeant Dale, of Company G, received a box of pro- visions from home this morning ; we practiced target shooting this morning ; we re- ceived bur new tents, rubber blankets, wool mittens, cartridge boxes and belts this morning. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 97 Tuesday, Jan. 28, 1861. — We received new caps to-day ; all sergeants not on duty to-day attended sergeants' school this evening ; it rained all day. Wednesday, Jan. 29, 1862. — Caijip is very muddy ; the boys are generally in their quarters ; usual details for camp duties. Thursday, Jan. 30, 1862. — Rain fell this morning, and it is very muddy in the camp. Friday, Jan. 31, 1862. — Monthly inspection was held this morning ; it rained to-day, and mud is plentiful ; Sergeant John M. Stephens and Private John Currans, of Company A, were courtmartialed — the first named for leaving his post while on duty, and sentenced to be reduced to the ranks and pay $7, and the latter was sen- tenced to pay $3 for two months. Colonel Irwin was mad and made some of the boys move their quarters. Saturday, Feb. i, 1862. — Two or three inches of sleet fell this morning, but thawed during the day ; the boys were generally in their quarters. Sunday, Feb. 2, 1862. — Company inspection was held this morning ; some of the boys walked over to the graveyard this forenoon ; there are now about 130 graves, an increase of 100 in the last three months ; the weather was cold and windy all day. Monday, Feb. 3, 1862. — ^Snowing all day ; the boys passed the time in their quarters ; sergeants' school this evening. Tuesday, Feb. 4, 1862. — The weather was cold all day ; we commenced drilling the bayonet exercise to-day and attended sergeant's school this evening ; the snow is two inches deep. Wednesday, Feb. 5, 1862. — The morning was cold, but pleasant during the day ; we had bayonet drill this morning and afternoon ; some of the boys went to division headquarters this evening to see the battery practice at target firing. Thursday, Feb. 6, 1862. — It rained this morning and the camp is very muddy. The following visitors from Centre county, Pa., arrived in camp this morning: Messrs. Thompson, Logue and Everhart. They brought tracts and stockings for some of the boys. Friday, Feb. 7, 1862. — The morning was cool, but the weather was warm throughout the day ; it is very muddy in camp ; we had drill this morning and after- noon. Saturday, Feb. 8, 1862. — The weather was cold and cloudy all day ; drill this afternoon ; we turned in our old haversacks and canteens to day and received new ones ; the sergeants to-night are making detail for pickets, to go out to-morrow. Sunday, Feb. 9, 1863. — The weather this morning was cold ; the pickets start- ed out at daylight ; there is nothing new in camp ; usual inspection ; preaching at 11 A. M. ; dress parade this evening. Monday, Feb. 10, 1862. — Morning cold, but pleasant during the day ; pickets came in at 10 A. M. ; usual drills and camp duties. Tuesday, Feb. 11, 1862. — Weather cold, and snow is falling ; drill this morn- ing, and, for a change, we had 3rill this afternoon. Wednesday, Feb. 12, 1862. — Weather was cold this morning, but moderated at noon, and it is quite warm this evening ; we drilled this morning and afternoon ; a detail went out to build a chimney in the bake house ; we received news of a great victory at Hatteras. Thursday, Feb. 13, 1862. — Weather warm and pleasant all day ; drills as usual ; we exchanged our old knapsacks for new ones. Friday, Feb. 14, 1862. — Weather cloudy and cool ; drill this morning and gen- eral dress parade this evening ; all the regiments of the brigade were out ; the bri- gade guard was sent out on parade. Saturday, Feb. 15, 1862. — Snow fell all day ; the brigade drilled this morning ; Sergeant Dale had a party of fatigue men to division headquarters this morning and stacked about 300 boxes of cartridges and cut wood ; there was great exultation and 98 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. loud cheering in camp to-day on account of the victory won by the Federal army in Missouri. Sunday, Feb. 16, .1862. — -Morning and eyening cold ; church services this even- ing ; usual inspection to-day. Monday, Feb. 17, 1862. — It rained the greater part of the day, followed by snow ; usual camp duties, but no drills. Tuesday, Feb. 18, 1862. — The snow is melting rapidly; the weather is foggy; we had bayonet drill this morning. Wednesday, Feb. 19, 1862. — Rain fell nearly all day ; there was no drilling, but the usual camp duties ; we received the news of the capture of General Price. Thursday, Feb. 20, 1862. — Clear and windy during the day, but cold at night. Friday, Feb. 21, 1862. — Cold this morning ; nothing of any importance trans- pired in camp ; we had squad and grasshopper drill. Saturday, Feb. 22, 1862. — Weather cloudy and cool ; no drilling to-day ; the regiment was formed at noon, and Washington's Farewell Address was read ; two rebels were brought in by our cavalry. Sunday, Feb. 23, 1862. — Cloudy and cool all day ; preaching in camp at 11 o'clock this morning. Monday, Feb. 24, 1862. — Day stormy and cold, and quite a number of tents were unroofed by the storm ; we practiced firing blank cartridges this forenoon. Tuesday, Feb. 25, 1862. — Morning and evening cold and windy, but calm and warm at noon ; we practiced firing blank cartridges this forenoon ; brigade drill this afternoon. Wednesday, Feb. 26, 1862. — Day cold and rain is falling ; drill by companies this morning ; companies were formed for brigade drill this afternoon, but the order was countermanded ; three days' rations were ordered to be cooked, and the men were kept in readiness to march at a moment's notice ; "Forward, march !" is ex- pected at any time ; at 10 P. m. it was still raining. Thursday, Feb. 27, 1862. — The day was cloudy and cold ; some of the boys are sending their superfluous clothing home by express ; dress parade. Friday, Feb. 28, 1862. — Day cold and stormy ; we had monthly inspection, and were mustered for pay this morning ; marching orders were countermanded to-day. Saturday, March i, 1862. — Day cool ; usual camp duties, and dress parade this evening. Sunday, March 2, 1862. — The weather is cold, and this evening we have two inches of snow ; guard mount at 9 A. M. ; some of the boys attended preaching ser- vices in the camp of the Fifth Wisconsin this morning ; usual inspection. Monday, March 3, 1862. — Day cold ; rain this evening ; no drilling was done to-day ; pickets went out ; the countersign for pickets is "Berdans." Tuesday, March 4, 1862. — The day was cold ; skirmish drill this forenoon and company drill this afternoon ; sergeants' school this evening, and also dress parade. Wednesday, March 5, 1862. — Day cold and cloudy ; brigade drill at 8.30 this morning and dress parade this evening ; the countersign on the picket line is "Eliza- beth." Thursday, March 6, 1862. — Day cold ; brigade drill this morning ; we prac- ticed target shooting this morning for a prize ; dress parade this evening. Friday, March 7, 1862. — ^Day cool ; we had brigade drill this morning ; we received orders at noon to have twenty-four hours' rations cooked and be ready to march at 3. 30 o' clock to-morrow morning, and at 9 o' clock this evening we received orders to move at 2.30 A. M., with knapsacks and tents packed. Saturday, March 8, 1862. — Day cold ; the boys arose at i o'clock this morning and marched to Vienna to guard the railroad ; Company G, with several other com- panies, was stationed at the depot during the day, and at 9 p. m. went one-half mile east of the depot to relieve Company I ; we were on guard along the road all night ; HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 99 the companies, were divided into three reliefs and posted on picket ; the rebel cavalry- was scouting through the wood within fifty rods of our pickets. Sunday, March 9, 1862. — Morning cold and frosty, noon pleasant and evening cool , the companies were relieved from the line at 10 a. m., joined the regiment at the depot and left for camp at 11 a. m. ; we reached camp at 2.30 o'clock this even- ing. Monday, March 10, 1862. — Day cloudy, cool and windy, with rain ; we received orders at noon to get ready to move at 4.30 o'clock to-morrow morning ; we arose at 1.30 o'clock and started to march south, and camped at Flint Hill, several miles from Fairfax Court House. Tuesday, March 11, 1862. — Day plt-asant, but cool this morning; we were marched out this morning by regiment to shoot loads out of our rifles; Major Lanby, of the Fifth Wisconsin, rode through camp this evening with a Confederate flag, brought irom Manassas. Wednesday, March 12, 1862. — Day pleasant; we had bayonet exercise this morning, squad drill at 11 a. m. and battalion drill this afternoon. Thursday, March 13, 1862. — Day cloudy and cold, with rain; we had bayonet exercise this morning, squad drill at 9.30 a. m., and review of the Division by Gen- eral McClellan this evening; we received orders to be ready to march to-morrow ; three soldiers of the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment were poisoned by drinking water from a well that the rebels threw poison into. The following orders were received to-day: Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, 1 Fairfax Court House, Va., March 13, 1862. [ General Orders, No. ioi: In compliance with the President's War Order No. 2, of March 8th, 1862, the active portion of the Army of the Potomac is formed into army corps as follows: 1st Corps — ^Major General Irvin McDowell, to consist for the present of the Di- visions of Franklin, McCall and King. 2d Corps — Brigadier General E. V. Sumner. Divisions, Richardson, Blenker and Sedgwick. 3d Corps — Brigadier General S. P. Heintzelman. Divisions, F. J. Porter, Hooker and Hamilton. 4th Corps — Brigadier General E. D. Keyes. Divisions, Couch, Smith and Casey. 5th Corps — Major General N. P. Banks. Divisions, Williams and Shields. The Cavalry Regiments attached to Divisions will, for the present, remain so. Subsequent orders will provide for these Regiments, as well as for the Reserve Ar- tillery, Regular Infanty and Regular Cavalry. Arrangements will be made to unite the Divisions of each Army Corps as promptly as possible. The commanders of Divisions will report at once in person, or where that is impossible, by letter, to the commander of their Army Corps. By Command of Major General McClellan: A. V. COLBURN, Assistant Adjutant General. Friday, March 14, 1862. — Cloudy all day; no drilling; marching orders were countermanded until 6 a. m. to-morrow; brigade guard was sent to headquarters at 4 this afternoon; raining this evening. Saturday, March 15, 1862. — Reville beat at 4.30 A. M. and at 6 a. m. the bri- gade was ready to march; brigade guard formed a part of the rear guard; we marched to Fairfax, then took the pike to Alexandria, and are camped this evening about three miles from Alexandria, at Cloud's Mills; it rained a greater part of the day and night. Sunday, March 16, i862.^Day cloudy, cool and very disagreeable and muddy; 100 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. inspection at 9 A. M. and dress parade this evening; our sick came from Alexandria this evening. Monday, March 17, 1862. — Day cloudy and cool; moved our camp this after- noon a short distance from the woods (where we camped Saturday evening) to an orchard; dress parade this evening; the regiment was formed at dark and drilled one hour; we received orders to have five days' rations cooked; some raw recruits ar- rived for Companies C and D; their names are as follows: Levi Port, William H. McDonald and Lawrence Crownover, for Company C; Jerry C. Beck, James Mc- Murtrie, Anthony White, Charles Newingham and R. S. Westbrook, all from Hunt- ingdon, Pa., for Company D. When we arrived at camp this evening we found the regiment standing on rails to keep out of the mud, around a large log fire. I now refer to Company D. We knew some of the company and shook hands with them, told them about the time we had to find the regiment, and how we got to Camp Grif- fin one evening, after marching from Washington, only to find that it had left that morning. One man belonging to Company D pointed the author out and made the remak, ' 'Who is that little fellow ? He will never stand it. " 1 over- heard the remark, and had to turn my head and laugh. I will just state that of those seven men chatting together, I am the only one remaining, and young West- brook stood the trials and hardships of the marches and many a hard-fought field, and still lives to write the history of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Up to this period of our marches I have had only the diaries of Sergeant Christian Dale to write from, but now I can draw from memory for facts in connection with our journeys, and for 1863 I will have the diaries of Wells, Hilands and McFarland to supplement that information already in possession of myself Tuesday, March 18, 1862. — Weather pleasant; we received our tents from Camp Griffin; squad drill and bayonet exercises were practiced this morning ; dress parade this evening. Wednesday, March 19, 1862. — Day cool and cloudy, with rain this evening; we had bayonet exercises this morning and squad drill (raw recruits) at 10 a. m., skir- mish drill at i p. M., battalion drill at 4 P. M., and dress parade this evening; we put up our tents to-day. Thursday, March 20, 1862. — It rained nearly all day, and in consequence there was no drilling; dress parade this evening; we received orders to get ready for review to-morrow. Friday, March 21, 1862. — Squad drill and dress parade to-day; the review was postponed on account of bad weather. Saturday, March 22, 1862. — No drilling to-day; we received orders this evening to be ready to march to-morrow morning. Sunday, March 23, 1862. — Day cloudy and cool; we marched to Alexandria this morning and embarked on the steamer North America at noon ; we are laying out from Alexandria this evening; all of our regiment and a part of the Forty-third New York are on the boat ; some of our boys and some of the Forty-third New York had a fight on the boat to-night, and for a while it was rather lively down in the en- gine room. Monday, March 24, 1862.- — We are still anchored on the Potomac opposite Alexandria; the Forty-third New York disembarked this morning and marched off at a carry arms to the strains of "Bully for You," played by the Forty-ninth band; we moved off at 10 A. m. and passed Fort Washington, Mt. Vernon and sev- eral batteries. We had some rain to day. We are on the Chesapeake bay this evening. A. P. Decker, of Company D, while on deck, saw the full moon down the bay just as it made its appearance above the water. He ran up to Captain Campbell and said: "Captain, look at the light house down there " You can imagine how cheap he felt when he was informed that it was the moon. During the war, when the moon would make its appearance, the boys would exclaim : "Decker, there's your light house." HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 101 Fortress Monroe. Tuesday, March 25, 1862. — All hands were up this morning at sunrise; we are still on the bay, in sight of Fortress Monroe; we disembarked at 7.30 A. m. and marched west about two miles and stopped several hours near the ruins of Hamp- ton, Va. ; we resumed the march at 2 p. m. and passed through Hampton; the town is a complete wreck; we went into camp about 4 p. m. near Hampton Roads, at the mouth of a little river; as we marched into the field we spied a rabbit, and immedi- ately 1,000 men started after it; many of the boys will recollect of the incident. Wednesday, March 26, 1862. — The day was cool and pleasant; the boys evi- dently wanted exercise to-day, as we had squad drill at 10 A. M., company drill at i p. M. battahon drill at 3 p. M. and dress parade this evening. 000 Newport News, Va. Thursday, March 27, 1862. — We received orders at 3 A. M. to be in readiness to march at 6 A. m. ; we left camp No. 3 at the latter hour. The first obstacle we encountered in the road was a piece of rebel artillery; the wheels were about six feet high and a piece of stove pipe. was used for a gun. It was rather an odd looking relic, but quite harmless, and not the kind with which to scare Yankees. Shortly after turning to the right our pioneers and skirmishers surprised the rebel cavalry pickets and exchanged shots with them. By i o' clock we formed line of battle and advanced across a field and through a deep swamp, about twelve rods wide, and stacked arms. This place had just been evacuated by the rebels, and in a short time every rebel tent had Yankee visitors. We laid here about two hours, then marched back about one mile and camped in a field near a farm house. Some of the boys will recollect of one of our boys throwing a stick through both heads of a bass drum which some drummer had abandoned shortly before we arrived at the swamp. Some merriment was caused at the swamp by some of the Forty-third New York getting into the mud up to the waist. General Hancock, who was on horseback at the rebels' side of the swamp, cried, "What in the h — are you doing there?" "Hunt- ing my boots. General!" some one remarked, which answer caused quite a laugh. Friday, March 28, 1862. — We formed line of battle this morning at daybreak and started back to Camp No. 3 ; we left our baggage, in care of a guard, about two miles west of camp; we encamped at 9 A. m. ; dress parade; day pleasant. Saturday, March 29, 1862. — Day cool, with rain; we had bayonet exercise this morning; no drill this afternoon; some of the boys went to the river. Sunday, March 30, 1862. — Weather was cloudy, with some rain; preaching in camp; company inspection this evening. Monday, March 31, 1861. — Day cool; regimental inspection this morning; bat- talion drill at 8 a. m. ; dress parade this evening; while laying at this camp many will recollect of the rebel gun boat at Norfolk throwing shells at our camp, and how our boys quickly started for camp, from over the river at Newport News. Tuesday, April i, 1862. — Day clear and cool, but evening cloudy; we had bay- onet exercise this morning; squad drill at 10 a. m., company drill at i P. M. and bat- talion drill at 3 p. m. Wednesday, April 2, 1862. — Review at 9 this morning by General Keys; com- pany inspection and dress parade; we heard firing in the distance to-day. Thursday, April 3, 1862. — We had a thunder shower at 5 this morning, but the weather was pleasant the rest of the day; general inspection at 10 A. M., and inspec- tion of cartridge boxes this evening; we received orders to have two days' rations cooked and to |be ready|to march at 6 to-morrow morning; the batteries of our bri- gademoved this afternoon. 102 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Up the Peninsula. Friday, April 4, 1862. — We marched this morning at 6 o'clock over the same road that we traversed last Thursday; we drove in the rebel pickets three miles southeast of Warwick and encamped near a fortification from which the rebels re- treated to-day; we took three or four prisoners; the detail for picket this evening marched through the fort on its way to the line; our soldiers ground corn to-day in an old mill surrounded by the fort; the size of the mill is about 20x30 feet. Saturday, April 5, 1862. — On the march this morning the Seventh Maine was in front of the column, followed by the Thirty-third New York, Seventy-seventh New York, Forty-ninth New York, Wheeler's Battery, Ayers' Battery, Kennedy's Bat- tery, First brigade. Fifth Wisconsin and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. We marched northwest through Warwick Court House, which is composed of several dwellings, a jail, court house and store; rain fell the greater part of the forenoon; we formed line of battle about one and one-half miles out from Warwick; the artillery was in front, and cannonading soon commencecj; we moved forward over a road that was almost impassable and through a swampy wood; our artillery is about three-quar- ters of a mile in front of us, shelling a rebel fort; the firing ceased at night; one of the Fifth Wisconsin skirmishers was killed by a shell and several were wounded; one of the prisoners had the sole of his shoe torn off, but was not hurt; the evening was cool and cloudy. Sunday, April 6, 1862. — We were up at daylight, and the right wing of our regiment started out to make a corduroy bridge over the road which we passed, and worked until noon; this morning our batteries threw a few shells, and several of the rebels' shells dropped in our camp, but did no harm; three or four of our skirmishers were killed yesterday, and to-day five or six were wounded; two large-sized guns were brought up to our battery this evening, and several large Howitzers are to be brought forward to-night; there is a large detail for picket and a working party from our regiment to-night; the cannonading ceased at dark, but commenced again at 9 p. M. Monday, April 7, 1862. — We remained in camp until 3 P. M., then moved about three miles to — well, I don't know where. After having our tents up for about fif- teen minutes, we again received orders to fall in, and we marched about forty rods further, where we pitched our tents. It rained hard this evening and the weather is very cold. Colonel Irwin had some difficulty in getting the regiment ready to en- camp, the ground being very swampy. The familiar voice of General Hancock was heard saying: "Colonel, what the hell's the matter?" "Oh! it's the bad state of the ground," replied Colonel Irwin. "Bad hell! it's the bad luck of the regiment," retorted the general, who ordered us to stack arms. He then rode down to Com- pany D and shouted: "Well, will I have to be general, colonel, captain, sergeant and corporal?" T. A. McFarland quickly repHed: "We don't care a damn, only so you let us camp!" We gave three cheers for the general, and then proceeded to make ourselves as comfortable as possible. Our chaplain's horse died to-day. We are short of rations, and some of the boys paid five cents for a hard tack as hard as a stone. Tuesday, April 8, 1862. — Cloudy weather, with rain this evening; we moved our camp to-day to within about five miles south of Yorktown; the roads are almost im- passable, and the troops are busily engaged bridging them ; we are out of rations, and the boys are killing everything that comes in their way. 000 In Front of Yorktown, Va. Wednesday, April 9, 1862. — It rained all day; the pickets went out, and heavy details are out working on the road, which are in a deplorable condition; our men HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 103 captured seventy head of cattle from the rebels to-night within a short distance of their works. Thursday, April lo, 1862. — Weather cloudy and cold, and a few snowflakes are falling ; this evening was clear and pleasant ; we moved camp about one mile to the rear this evening, this being camp No. 8; more cattle is coming in, and men are still working on the roads. Friday, April 11, 1862. — Details for working on the road went out at 7 a. m. and worked until noon ; dress parade this evening; day cold and frosty. Saturday, April 12, 1862. — We had squad drill this morning and dress parade this evening; we received a report this evening that Fort York had been evacuated; the rebel pickets and our boys talked very friendly to each other. Sunday, April 13, 1862. — We had preaching at 11 a. m., company inspection this forenoon and dress parade this evening ; the day was cool ; some of the boys visited Warwick, the county seat. Monday, April 14, 1862. — Squad drill this morning, company drill this after- noon and dress parade this evening; the day was pleasant, and men are still working on the roads. Tuesday, April 15, 1862. — ^The detail for fatigue duty is working on the roads; we received orders this evening to have three days' rations in haversacks and be ready to march any time after 7 o'clock to-morrow morning; our fatigue detail is out near the picket line and has a good view of the rebels; heavy firing is heard in the distance, coming from the direction of the river; some rain fell to-day, but the even- ing was pleasant. Wednesday, April 16, 1862. — At 8 o'clock this morning we marched about one mile northwest, where we were drawn up in line of battle; our position was about forty rods in the rear of our battery, which was firing on the rebel's fort, located about eight or nine hundred yards in front of us; while lying here a rifle ball passed within a few yards of us and struck a horse belonging to the signal corps officer in the breast. At dark each man in the regiment carried a sand bag, weighing about 100 pounds, to within about 300 yards of the rebel's works, which is located across a dam or stream. By piling these sand bags on a heap, we erected a temporary fort, which afforded us sufficient protection to work in comparative safety. We then proceeded to ply the pick and shovel, and at daybreak we had a fort. We have been under fire all day. The Vermont brigade made a charge and got the worst of it. Our guns are stacked back of the fort. Thursday, April 17, 1862, — At daylight we were still working at the fort ; our orders were to get out of there by 4.30 o'clock this morning. Just at the peep of day our rebel friends across the dam saluted us with "Bang! Bang! Bang!" and instantly every man dropped his pick and shovel. Our guns were stacked back of our fort, in range of the rebel's battery, and it was realized that we were in an unen- viable situation. General Smith rode up and ordered five or six of us to push down a large chimney, which had previously been attached to a house that had been de- stroyed by fire, but the rebels immediately sent a couple of shot in close proximity to our heads, intimating in unmistakable language that we had better desist. Our boys ran quickly and grabbed a gun, taking the first one they came across. We saw the smoke from the rebels' guns, and every man fell to the ground before the balls reached us. It was amusing to see the positions the men would assume as they dropped to the earth ; some would fall flat, others on their hands and feet, and others on their head, with their feet up. The boys are very green, as was demon- ^strated to-day when the boys ran back into the woods and picked up cannon balls, not aware whether they were shells or solid shot. We soon got back into the woods, where we formed and moved oft to the Iteft a distance of a quarter of a mile. While here the boys began to hunt for their guns, and they had considerably difficulty in getting each gun to its proper owner. The rebels did not attempt to cross the dam 104 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. and take our position. As our pickets were in the woods on each flank of the fort, it would have been extremely hazardous for the enemy to attempt to cross the breast of the dam. Friday, April 18, 1862. — The weather was pleasant to-day, but rain is falling to- night. A detail started from camp this morning at 8 o'clock to support a battery opposite the fort, and it was stationed about 300 yards to the left of the battery ; regimental inspection was held this evening. Heavy musketry was heard during the night, and we were awakened on three different occasions by the long roll. The first or second time Colonel Irwin ran the regiment out the road leading to the fort, stop- ping in front of General Hancock's headquarters. We were commanded to halt, and Colonel Irwin advanced to the general's tent and said, as the latter made his appear- ance: "General, I have run the Forty-ninth out left in front, so that you will have the regiment handy." The general hotly remarked, "Damn you. Colonel, run the Forty-ninth back right in front, and stay there until you receive orders to come." We were delighted at the set-back the colonel received, considering it as some little recompense for our trip. It was with difficulty, however, that we restrained our ris- ibilities, and we were compelled to laugh in our sleeves until we quit the presence of the officers. Soon after we returned to camp, we were called out by a bugle call from General Smith's headquarters. We were run over, compelled to stand there a short time in the rain, and then marched back again, and every person was thoroughly drenched. We obtained very little sleep to-night, as we expected every minute to hear the long roll. Saturday, April 19, 1862. — The detail at the battery was relieved at noon by the Sixth Vermont regiment; a flag of truce was put up to-day in order to bury the dead, and the enemy brought over our dead who were killed on the i6th; hardly had the truce went down until the rebels commenced firing, killing a few; we had regimental inspection this evening. Sunday, April 20, 1862. — Weather cloudy and rain fell all day; some cannonad- ing was heard to-day; one volley of musketry was heard about 9 P. M., but all was quiet the remainder of the night. Monday, April 21, 1862. — Rain fell this evening; everything is quiet along the line; we have a detail out building a bridge across the Black swamp. Tuesday, April 22, 1862.^ — Nothing of importance is going on in camp; twenty shots from the rebels were put into one of the shelters on the picket line to-day; clear this evening. Wednesday, April 23, 1862. — Nothing new in camp; weather clear this morn- ing, but cloudy this afternoon; Companies B and H went on picket duty at 5 p. M., and they had to conceal themselves behind trees. Thursday, April 24, 1862. — The pickets went out; our picket Hne is about 100 yards to the left of the fort we built; we have to deploy as skirmishers to get on the line, and cannot have any post in daylight from the wood to the fort; five companies are working on the entrenchments. Friday, April 25, 1862. — The rebels were lurking along the picket line all day, and there was considerable firing; Berdan's sharpshooters are on the line with us; we were relieved at 4 p. m. ; weather cloudy and rain fell all day. Saturday, April 26, 1862. — Nothing new in camp; rain fell to-day; there was some sharp cannonading and musket firing at midnight on the right. Sunday, April 27, 1865. — Part of the regiment which had been detailed for picket arrived at the line at 4 P. M. ; nothing new in camp; we had inspection and preaching. Monday, April 28, 1862. — The rebels were concealed this morning close to our picket line; about 8 o'clock William Walker, 'a corporal of Company A, was shot through the head and instandy killed; this was the first man killed belonging to our regiment; one or two were slightly wounded; about 10 A. m. the Sixth Maine and HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 105 Forty- third New York skirmished through the woods in front of the picket line; a private of the Forty-third New York was killed by a ball passing through his head, and four or five others were wounded; a man of the Sixth Maine was also wounded; there was heavy firing on both sides, which continued about one hour; the Forty- third New York drove the rebels into their rifle pits and charged on them, killing and wounding eighteen or twenty; during this time the pickets wei'e busy piling up rails and timber in front of their posts to secure them from the view of the enemy, and also to shield us from the rebels' bullets, which were whizzing through the air right rapidly; we could hear the rebels' bands playing in their forts; we were re- lieved about sunset; we received our pay for January and February to-day. Tuesday, April 29, 1862. — The boys are sending some of their money home; the regiment was ordered to go out to support our battery at 2 p. m. ; we were sta- tioned in the wood to the left of Motts' battery until night, when we marched up to the rear of the battery; weather clear during the day, but cloudy this evening; Chaplain Earenshaw started for Fort Monroe to-day with $10,500 of the boys' money to send home for them by express. Wednesday, April 30, 1862. — We marched back to the woods a litde before daylight, and were relieved by the Forty-ninth New York regiment at 4 p. m; one man of the Fifth Wisconsin was shot in the shoulder to day; we were mustered for March and April pay; the First brigade had a skirmish, in which our loss was five killed and 15 wounded; the rebel loss was fifty killed and about 120 wounded. Thursday, May i, 1862. — Nothing new in camp; weather cloudy and foggy; all sorts of wild rumors are afloat in camp. Friday, May 2, 1862. — Usual camp duties; nothing new; day warm and clear; heavy firing is in progress on the right. Saturday, May 3, 1862. — Early this morning we moved our camp into the wood ; a field was on one side and the camp was a good one, after we got it cleaned up; Professor Lowe's balloon went up not over fifty yards from our camp, to take a look at the rebel camps; heavy firing was heard in the direction of Yorktown and along our front. Sunday, May 4, 1862. — Very heavy cannonading was heard all along the line last night; a bright light was seen before day in the direction of Yorktown; all hands are doing police work around the camp and cleaning up the leaves, brush, etc. ; the balloon went up about 7 this morning, and when about 100 yards high they yelled down to some officers that the rebels had left; the balloon came down, and throw- ing down our huckleberry brush brooms, every one ran for his gun;, in about two minutes we got the order to fall in, with gun and equipments only; we started off" on a double quick down the road to our fort, and in a few minutes we were over the breast of the dam into rebeldom and into their works, when we discovered that they had taken their departure, leaving only a few prisoners and a lot of shell they had buried in the road, near a spring. They had intended that we should march on the shells, but General Hancock was on the alert, and put a guard over the prisoners and compelled them to dig up the shells at the point of the bayonet. A party of volunteers have advanced to the right. While laying in the rebel's works we found a lot of letters beloning to the late occupants, and the contents of some of them furnished amusement for the boys. Scouting parties were sent out in all di- rections, and we were compelled to lay here until about 10 a. m. , when we were re- lieved by another regiment; we marched back to camp, packed our traps, and at 12 o'clock we again returned to the rebels' works and followed up "the band wagon," as the boys call it. By 3 p. m. we had proceeded about four miles. The fortifica- tions along the road were of the strongest character, and were constructed chiefly of rails and^brush. We passed several camps on our route, in which tents and com- missary ^stores had been left , but th ey had been partly destroyed. A number of de- serters_have been taken to the rear. There are other troops in advance of us now. 106 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERS. and we halted at 8 P. m. in a field not far from Williamsburg and within a few hun- dred yards of Fort Magruder. Company D, Captain Campbell's company, and, I think, one or two other companies, were sent out on the skirmish line into the fallen timber, where they were joined by the Sixth Maine, who were in a small field on our right. The night was very dark, and we saw lights about 300 yards in front of us, which we ascertained next morning belonged to Fort Magruder. We were soon ordered to fall back, and as we did so, some of the New York regiment fired into us, mistaking us for rebels. The woods was on fire between the line of battle and the skirmish lines, and we bivouaced for the night. We had no preaching or inspec- tion to-day. The following is a list of the brave men who volunteered to General Hancock, on May 4, 1862, to cross the dam and enter the enemy's works, taking their chances of being shot down. In thus cheerfully hazarding their lives for a good cause they showed their splendid valor and devotion to their flag, and it is but fitting that mention of their courageous act should be made in these pages: Sergeant Ed. K. Holton Co. B, 5th Wisconsin Captain Lemuel Rossiter Co. B, 5th Wisconsin Private R. R. Wheeler Co. B, 5th Wisconsin Private Peter Spies Co. C, 5th Wisconsin Private Charles Daring Co. C, 5th Wisconsin Private William McClure Co. E, 5th Wisconsin Private Edward A. Heath Co. F, 5th Wisconsin Private W. H. Barnes Co. H, 5th Wisconsin Private C. H. Ostrader Co. H, 5th Wisconsin Sergeant William Sherwood Co. E, 49th Pa. Vol. Corporal D. H. Law Co. E, 49th Pa. Vol. Private John Hockenberry Co. E, 49th Pa. Vol. Private John Ginithan Co. K, 49th Pa. Vol Private John C. Ross Co. K, 49th Pa. Vol. Private James C. McCord Co. K, 49th Pa. Vol. Private William Roseborough Co, K, 49th Pa. Vol. Private James Gross Co. K, 49th Pa. Vol. Private Peter Rhodes Co. E, 49th Pa. Vol. Private Andrew Brown Co. E, 49th Pa. Vol. Private George W. Hinkle Co. B, 49th Pa. Vol. Corporal W. F. Lindsley Co. K, 43d New York Private Joseph Murphy Co. I, 43d New York Private Samuel D. Hart Co. F, 43d New York Private Charles H. Porter Co. A, 43d New York Private John J. Davis Co. B, 43d New York 000 Williamsburg, Va. Monday, May 5, 1862. — Rain fell last night and the roads are very muddy. Hooker's division this morning marched to the left of Fort Magruder, and when near Williamsburg it became heavily engaged. Our brigade, with the exception of the Forty-third New York, was ordered to the extreme right. We proceeded three miles, where we halted a few minutes, when we again moved off" directly to the left, down a hill and across the breast of a dam. Company D were sent out as skirmish- ers, and they advanced to the top of the hill, where they halted to take in the situa- tion. General Hancock was with the skirmishers. We were in the rear of Fort Magruder, and General Hancock ordered Dock Hoffman, our color sergeant, to take his squad out to an unoccupied rebel fort and signal down to Fort Magruder, which was about 1000 yards away, to ascertain whether they were Federal men or rebels. GENERAL WINFIELD S. HANCOCK. Our First lirigade CommaDCler. The Fifth WisconsiD, Sixth Maine, Forty-Third New Yorlt and Forty-Niuth P. V. Started H i ni on the Ladder of Fame. Died Feb. 9, 1886. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 107 After signalling to the foi't, the sergeant yelled to General Hancock: "General, they are d — d rebels!" The general was on his horse, and the author was not ten feet away from him. All hands had to laugh at the idea of a sergeant speaking in this manner to- his general. The general shouted back to the sergeant to signal again, in order to be positive, and he again replied that they were rebels. Hancock at once ordered up the battery, the infantry giving it the right of way across the breast of the dam, this being the only passable road. The skirmishers advanced, and in a few minutes had a line of battle facing Fort Magruder. Our battery soon got into posi- tion and lost no time in introducing itself to the inmates of the fort. Our shells burst right in the fort (not up in the air J, while thoie of the opposing army fell about 200 yards short. Hooker's division was on the opposite side of the fort and his men did some hard fighting. We remained rather quiet until 2 P. M. , when we saw the Fifth Wisconsin regiment of our brigade, on our front, close in towards Fort Magruder. Their skirmishers were pegging away at the rebels, but soon they began to slowly fall back along the woods to the right, taking their own time in doing so, however. At this juncture the rebels tried a little game of bluff on us. Out came U-o companies of cavalry, followed by a line of infantry, and the cavalry went back into the woods. The rebel infantry rapidlyadvanced, and the Fifth Wisconsin fell back on our line and formed a hollow square (or three sides of it) to receive the cavalry. The rebels charged on us, and our batteries received them with grape and cannister, making great gaps in their ranks. Hancock gave orders to retreat in alternative — that is, fall back until the order to halt was given, then turn about and face the enemy. This was a Yankee trick. We went back about loo yards, then halted and drew up, with general guides on line, the same as on dress parade. Samuel H. Irwin, of Company C, was one of the guides. Our line of battle was composed of the Forty-ninth Penn- solvania Volunteers on the left, Sixth Maine in Centre and Fifth Wisconsin on the right. There were only three regiments, the Forty-third New York not yet having joined us. Our batteries were run back through our lines, unlimbered and made ready to give our opponents more grape and cannister. We held our fire until the rebels were close to us, but when we did fire everything in front went down. Those of the Fifth North Caroline (Confederate) regiment who were not killed dropped to to the ground, and but very few of them made their escape. The Fifth North Caro- lina regiment came up and charged in divisions, or two companies abreast. One rebel regiment moved off on double-quick time to the left of the regiment, hop- ing by this movement to cut our retreat off from across the dam, but we gave them a few volleys and sent them scampering back like a lot of sheep. Some of the rebels advanced as far as the lines of the Sixth IVfaine before they were shot down. [Here is where all histories give Hancock credit of making a charge. It is the intention of the writer to give, as far as possible, a correct account of the incidents that happened in connection with the marches of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and in this relation I desire to correct the popular fallacy about Hancock' s alleged charge at Williamsburg. Hancock made no charge, for the simple reason that there was noth- ing in our front to charge on but dead and wounded soldiers and a few prisoners]. — Author. Hardly had the firing ceased until Company D, Captain Campbell's company, stacked arms and went to work getting the rebel wounded into the little fort a few paces to the rear. The writer, being a member of Company D, helped to carry them in, and saw many of the boys cut buttons from their clothes, take rings from their fingers. The rebels' loss was about eighty or ninety killed and ninety to a hundred wounded, and we captured about 165 prisoners. The loss in our brigade will not exceed thirty or forty. In our regiment but four were wounded, as follows : Samuel T. Frain, of Company A; Jerry Spiece, of Company A; William Buchanan, of Company D, and David Gilbert, of Company G. It has been raining nearly all day, and this evening the weather is cold. A heavy detail for picket went out this evening towards Fort Magruder. The Thirty-third New York and Seventh Maine 108 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. regiments are in the wood to our right, they having taken the place of the Forty- third New York, of our brigade. [History gives the Forty-third New York credit of having been in this engagement, but again history errs, as it was not] — Author. During the progress of the battle Lieutenant Mitchell, of Hancock's staff, rode up to the general and said : "General, you are exposing yourself" The general deliber- ately turned in his saddle and coldly remarked: "Mitchell, if you are afraid, go to the rear; for my part, I am going to stay here and form this line of battle before I go back." At another time during the engagement the general rode up to Chaplain Earenshaw and exclaimed: "Chaplain, what in the hell are you doing here? Why ain't you back in your place ?" The chaplain asked, "General, where is my place?" "One thousand yards to the rear," quickly retorted the general, in a manner that in- dicated that there was no further ground for argument. We are aware that to-day's movement on the part of General Hancock has upset the rebel's calculations. Tuesday, May 6, 1862. — This morning was very cold and ice formed on the ground; the pickets had a hard night of it and were nearly frozen; at 10 A. m. the sun was shining; we moved back about 200 yards and camped in a wheat field in the rear of the battleground; the boys are running around, taking in the sights; over at the barn used for a rebel hospital our surgeons are busy this morning dressing wounds, amputating limbs and making the men as comfortable as possible; some of them are suffering very much; the boys are very anxious about David Gilbert, of Company G, as he is badly wounded; our boys are shooting the loads out of their guns and cleaning them up to-day; we took 180 prisoners yesterday, and still more are coming in ; the rebels have departed in the direction of Richmond. Wednesday, May 7, 1862. — The boys visited the rebel hospital this afternoon; we saw a half dozen rebels buried; ambulances passed our camp all day hauling the wounded over to the river landing; we had dress parade, followed by battalion drill; General McClellan rode up and we presented arms to him. He thanked us for the work we did on the 5th and passed on to the other regiments of the brigade to thank them also; it was a terrible sight to see our killed down near Fort Magruder, still lying on the field, stripped by the rebels of all their clothing except shirt and drawers. Thursday, May 8, 1862. — Many of the boys went down to Fort Magruder this afternoon; the day was pleasant; we had dress parade this evening; orders were re- ceived to march to-morrow at sunrise; we are still burying our dead on the left and hauling wounded and prisoners to the river for transportation north ; they are being well taken care of, and in some cases better than our men, but they are a dirty-look- ing set of men. Friday, May 9, 1862. — We proceeded on our march early this morning and marched about twelve miles; we passed Fort Magruder and went through Williams- burg; the retreating rebels left their wagons scattered along the road, and some had been burned and others partly cut up; several caissons have also been left sticking in the mud; we camped to-night in a field; many of the boys dropped out of the ranks to-day on account of the heat, but they are coming in one by one this evening. Saturday, May 10, 1862. — We were up this morning at 4 o'clock and started to march shortly after sunrise; we encamped this evening about six miles west of Barnes- ville, on the Richmond road; we are now thirty-five miles from Richmond; the rebels made a stand here yesterday, but Franklin's division routed them and captured about 1000 prisoners; our doctors are amputating a few legs and arms belonging to rebels who were wounded yesterday. HISTORY 49T1I PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. l09 Cumberland Landing, Va. Sunday, May 11, 1861. — We received marching orders, but they were counter- manded this morning at daylight; we weje ordered to march at 4.30 o'clock to-mor- row morning; preaching in camp this morning; the pickets went out this afternoon; the negroes are much pleased with the Yankees, and many visited our camp to-day. Monday, May 12, 1862. — The marching orders were countermanded this morn- ing; the pickets were relieved at 3 p. m. Tuesday, May 13, 1862. — We marched at daylight northwest on the main road as far as New Kent Court House, then turned north on a by-road and marched two miles further, where we halted and stacked arms; we were on the bank of the Pau- munkey river, at Cumberland Landing, at lo A. m. ; steamers and barges are coming up the river from West Point; we received orders to pack up this afternoon; we marched out a short distance, then marched back to where we started from; the boys are bathing, fishing, etc. , this evening. 000 White House Landing, Va. Wednesday, May 14, 1862. — We received orders to get ready to march at sun- rise; we marched about five miles and went into camp on General Lee's iarm, on the bank of the Paumunkey river, at White House Landing; the morning was cloudy and rain fell this afternoon; gun boats are coming up the river; some of the boys are catching fish for the officers with a seine; many of the rank and file are standing away back on the bank looking on ; now and then some one would yell at the fish- ermen, "Fish are too good for the privates; how soon will the officers get enough; when can the privates make a haul ?' ' etc. Thursday, May 15, 1862. — Weather cool and rain fell all day; our men are put- ting a pontoon bridge across the river. Friday, May 16, 1862. — Nothing new in camp; we had dress parade this even- ing; our scouts took a few prisoners to-day; some firing is heard in the direction of the James river. Saturday, May 17, 1862. — The day was pleasant; we received orders to march at 12 o'clock; we packed up and marched into the wheat field opposite camp, where we drilled for over an hour; it seemed that it was done with the sole purpose of de- stroying the grain, as a division of cavalry was in the lower end engaged in the same occupation; when we commenced to drill Colonel Irwin halted us and informed us that any one who did not feel able to drill could leave the ranks. Gladly taking ad- vantage of the colonel's generous offer, about one-half of the regiment stepped from the ranks, and all were immediately ordered back, with the exception of Sergeant McMurtrie, of Company D. Colonel Irwin said to him, "Sergeant, I know you are sick." The remark evoked a general laugh from the boys. We returned to camp and pitched our tents again. Some of the boys were put on fatigue duty this morn- ing for missing dress parade. Sunday, May 18, 1862. — The day was pleasant; preaching at 11 A. M. ; a soldier of a New Jersey regiment was buried this morning and some of our boys attended the funeral; we had dress parade; thousands of soldiers are bathing in the river, the river is covered with gun boats and sutlers' boats. Monday, May 19, 1862. — We left camp at 7.30 o'clock this morning and marched west about six miles and camped in a corn field; it has been raining all day, and up until we went into camp this evening; we are now within fourteen miles of Richmond. Tuesday, May 20, 1862. — Reveille sounded at 4 o'clock; we started to march at 5 A. M. and marched west about 6 miles, and halted in a woods at 11 A. M. ; some J 10 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. cannonading was heard this alternoon in the direction of Richmond; we had consid- erable fun with negroes on our march to-day. 000 Cold Harbor Mill, Va. Wednesday, May 21, 1862. — Reveille sounded at 2 o'clock this morning, and we marched at 4 o'clock; after marching about seven miles west we halted at 10 A. M. and camped in Pine Woods, near Cold Harbor Mill; some of the boys are buy- ing hoe cake, about as large as a man's hand, at 15 cents apiece; the day is quite pleasant. Thursday, May 22, 1862. — During the day it was quite warm, but rain fell this evening; company inspection this evening; some of Company G's boys met George Heinselman, of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, this evening; he was formerly of Centre county. Pa. ; we have witnessed several balloon ascensions to-day; there seems to be plenty of vegetables at the farm houses; we buy them and tell them to charge them to Uncle Sam; some of the rebels didn't like it much, but we didn't care whether they did or not. 000 On the Road to Richmond. Friday, May 23, 1862. — A foraging party of fifty men was sent out to-day; it started at about a. m., and was out about three miles; they brought in five loads of wheat to the mill near camp; we saw the enemy's pickets while on the trip; day warm and pleasant; some cannonading was heard this morning. Saturday, May 24, 1862. — It commenced to rain about 9 this morning; we started to march at 6 p. M. and went northwest about three miles, halted in an orch- ard and pitched our tents; we were called about 10 P. M. to support our pickets; we marched east about 150 rods and stacked arms on the farm that we were foraging yesterday; the family left here this morning; the Fourth Michigan regiment drove back the enemy's pickets this morning, cut them off from their support and took quite a lot of prisoners; they also brought about twenty wounded to this place this afternoon; our skirmishers lost one killed and two wounded; we moved our camp over to the house this afternoon and camped around the building. Sunday, May 25, 1862. — The day was warm and pleasant; we were relieved by the Seventh Maine regiment at 3 P. M. and moved back to the orchard, where we en- camped yesterday forenoon; three recruits came to Company G this evening; inspec- tion of arms. Monday, May 26, 1862. — We received orders at 10 A. M. to be ready to move at a moment's notice to cross the Chickahominy river, with sixty rounds of cartridges and three days' rations in our haversacks, and carry with us rubber blankets and overcoats; our knapsacks and baggage are to be sent to the rear; evening cloudy, with some rain ; still in camp to-night. Tuesday, May 27, 1862. — It rained all last night and until 9 o'clock this morn- ing; clear and cool after noon; we are still in camp to-day; cannonading was heard on our right all afternoon, accompanied by volleys of musketry this evening; we are making our own cigars and smoking at leisure: it is reported that General Stoneman has crossed the river; all of our sick who were not able to carry a gun have been sent back. Wednesday, May 28, 1862. — Pickets went out at i o'clock this morning; cloudy and showers to-day, but warm. Thursday, May 29, 1862.— The pickets were relieved at 3 P. M. ; there is noth- ing strange going on; the rain has changed the program somewhat; some of our boys tttSTORl? 49^11 PElfNS-i^LVANtA VOLtl^fTEERS. 111 were pretty badly poisoned by weeds at the other camp; a great many rebels are coming into our line, and in one instance a full company; the rebel sergeant called his roll and all answered to their names. Friday, May 30, 1862. — Morning and noon were very warm, and during the afternoon and evening there were heavy thunder showers; we remained in camp all day. Saturday, May 31, 1862. — Heavy rain and thunder last night; cloudy all day; heavy cannonading was heard on the left this afternoon; we were ordered underarms, but did not leave camp; heavy cannonading and volleys of musketry were heard on our left again this evening. Sunday, June i, 1862. — The day was pleasant, firing again commenced on our left at daybreak this morning, and continued until noon. Monday, June 2, 1862.- — The day was pleasant; bayonet exercise this evening; nothing new. Tuesday, June 3, 1862. — Heavy rain last night; morning clear and pleasant and rain this evening; bayonet exercise this morning; a fatigue detail of 250 men was out this morning putting pontoon bridges across the Chickahominy river. Wednesday, June 4, 1862. — Rain fell all night and until 10 o'clock this morn- ing and we had some rain this evening; we remained in camp all day; there was a great deal of cheering along our lines; heavy firing was heard in the direction of the James river; we think it is from the gun boats. 000 Qolding's Farm, Va. Thursday, June 5, 1862. — We received orders to move at 3 o'clock this morn- ing and marched about eight miles down along the Chickahominy river and crossed over Tammany bridge at 5 o'clock this evening; we established a line of battle about one mile south of the river at 8 o'clock this evening; the river is a veritable freshet. Friday, June 6, 1862. — It rained all day; we moved our camp a short distance to the rear in order to get out of a swamp; the baggage train came up this evening; we put our tents up in shed style; we are short of rations; our men are burying the rebels who were killed on June i. Saturday, June 7, 1862. — The morning was clear and noon warm, with heavy showers this afternoon; we moved our camp and poHced the ground this morning; at II o'clock a detail was sent out with a wagon train to the railroad for rations and returned this evening; the roads are very muddy; a fatigue party is out building corduroy roads. Sunday, June 8, 1862. — Weather cool and pleasant; the regiment was formed on the parade gronnd at daybreak; the rebels shelled our camp; 250 men went on picket at 9 A. M., and there was some firing along the line. Monday, June 9, 1862. — Weather cool; nothing of importance; the Sixth Maine regiment relieved our pickets; this evening the rebels sent a few shells over to us. Tuesday, June 10, 1862. — We were in line of battle at daybreak; it rained near- ly all day and the weather was quite cool; the rebels sent a few shells over in our di- rection this evening; we heard heavy firing in the distance. Wednesday, June 11, 1862. — Weather cool all day; the boys are generally in camp; usual camp duties; we were formed into line of battle twice to-day; the rebels sent a few shells into camp; Colonel Irwin refused to let us have any crackers to-day, because, he said, they were not wholesome; some of the boys would sooner shoot him this evening than a rebel; some firing was done on the picket line to-night, and the regiment was called out, but soon went back to quarters. Thursday, June 12, 1862. — The weather was warm during the day; pickets went out, with their right resting in the woods next to the river. This evening one 112 HISTORY 4gTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. of the Sixth Maine regiment was shot through the leg while returning to the Re- serve after being relieved. A cavalryman of the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, while carrying a dispatch to General Brooks' Brigade, along the line, was shot. His horse ran directly toward the rebels, through a grain field, and within twenty paces of their camp, where he dropped off and his horse ran back to our lines. The cav- alryman received two balls in the head and one through the body. He had laid near the rebel lines for about two hours, when Colonel Vinton, of the Forty-third New York Regiment, rode up and said: "Boys, there lies one of our men; must we leave him there ? No! If we do the rebels b will get him. Who will volunteer to bring him in ?" Instantly Jerry Cromer, George Cromer, Hance Camp- bell, Isaac F. Beamer, Theodore H. McFarland, Arthur Rodgers and Wash Mc- Call, all of Company D (Captain Jim Campbell's company). Forty-ninth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, stepped to the front and offered their services to Colonel Vinton.. After stacking their guns they stealthily crawled through the grain, until they reached the dispatch-bearer. The rebel pickets saw them and fired, but a higher Divinity preserved them from the bullets of the enemy, and they came safely out, bringing the ill-fated cavalryman with them. Friday, June 13, 1862. — We were up at 3.30 o'clock this morning and formed line of battle; we were kept under arms for half an hour; the enemy did a good deal of cannonading this morning until the sharpshooters went out; we were relieved from picket duty at 10 A. M. by the Fifth Wisconsin; the day is warm; some of our boys were at Savage Station to-day, and they said there was enough hard tack on one pile at that place to reach from Philadelphia to Pittsburg; they reported that a good many soldiers were coming up on the cars. Saturday, June 14, 1862. — All the companies in the regiment put arbours up in the streets this forenoon and some over their tents; nothing unusual in camp to-day; it is very warm ; the boys are out waiting for the usual evening salute from the rebels. Sunday, June 15, 1862. — The weather was very warm to-day; a detail was put to work on the bridge across the Chickahominy flats this afternoon, and 200 men were out from our regiment; it commenced to rain at 3 P. M. ; we worked until 7 p. M.; usual picket detail; no firing was done this evening. Monday, June 16, 1862. — Weather cool but pleasant to-day; John Musser, of Company G, was brought in from the picket line this evening; he was shot through the neck about 6 o'clock and lived about one hour after he was shot. Tuesday, June 17, 1862. — A detail is out building a bridge to the picket line for the artillery to cross over on; it is cool and pleasant in camp to-day; we buried John Musser at 6 o' clock this evening on the farm of S. Courtney, at the lower end of the garden, about 100 yards from the house; the grave is marked with a headstone, bearing the inscription, "Private John Musser; shot on the picket line June 16, 1862; Company G, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers." It is the second grave below the garden. There was heavy firing toward the James river this evening; we thought it was our gun boats shelling Fort Darling; later this evening there is firing all along the line. Wednesday, June 18, 1862. — We had battalion drill one hour this morning; a detail went out on fatigue duty; heavy firing was heard on our left this evening; we were ordered under arms twice, the second time on a double quick; we advanced our picket line to-day; morning cool and evening warm. Thursday, June 19, 1862. — We received orders to be ready to move at a mo- ment's warning, and have our canteens filled with tea or coffee; the boys were gen- erally in camp to-day, except forty-five who went on picket duty; some cannonad- ing was heard on the right; everything is quiet this evening; the marching orders were countermanded ; the day has been cool and pleasant. Friday, June 20, 1862. — Some cannonading was heard on the right during the day; this is the day set for us to be in Richmond, but no signs of the town are visi- HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 113 ble this evening; firing was hard on our left this evening and lasted about half an hour; our boys remarked that some persons were getting their lights put out; the day was pleasant. Saturday, June 21, 1862. — The boys are spending their time in camp; heavy firing was heard on our left this evening, which caused our brigade to form in line at a double quick; there is some pretty hard fighting on some parts of the line; the day was pleasant. Sunday, June 22, 1862. — The boys are sticking pretty close to camp and every- thing is quiet; we had dress parade this evening; it was warm all day; many of the rebels are surrendering and coming into our lines; they say that they are nearly starved, and their haversacks contained only a little parched corn; we were called out and into line of battle about midnight. Monday, June 23, 1862. — A detail for fatigue duty was made, to report at bri- gade headquarters; it rained this afternoon; company drill this morning; ten corpor- als, a sergeant and a lieutenant were detailed to drill every day, but they were re- lieved from all other duty; some musketry firing was heard this evening; we had dress parade at the usual hour. Tuesday, June 24, 1862. — We were, as usual, in line of battle at daybreak; the usual details and bayonet exercises this morning; some rain fell this morning and we had a hail storm to-night; considerable firing was heard along the line during the storm. Wednesday, June 25, 1862. — We received orders to move at a moment's notice; heavy cannonading was heard on the left; General Hooker has driven the rebels back; quite a heavy fight is going on, and we think the great battle has about commenced; we were called up once during the night; there was firing along the line all night, and in consequence we did not obtain much sleep. 000 Qarnett's Hill, Va. Thursday, June 26, 1862. — We had squad drill this morning; heavy cannonad- ing and musket firing was heard on our right this afternoon; our brigade was called and formed in line of battle; a heavy detail was made this evening to go out towards Richmond and throv^ up works, and each man was compelled to dig a space four feet long, two or three feet wide and three feet deep ; we dared not make a noise, and the utmost caution was necessary to avoid striking a stone with our picks and shovels. Our vedettes were between ten and twenty paces in front of us, and the rebels were standing like statues same distance in front of them. By midnight we had a nice line of rifle pits completed. The firing on our right continued with unabated vigor all night. The rebels have succeeded in turning our right flank about five miles away. The Federal troops engaged are the Pennsylvania Reserves, and they fought all night. Friday, June 27, 1862. — We were in line of battle at 3.30 o'clock this morning; we were ordered into quarters to get breakfast, and then were marched out to the picket line to support workmen at the rifle pits; we anticipated an attack about 9 o'clock this morning on our part of the line, and we received orders to change our position to the edge of the woods, where we were concealed from the enemy. Four thirty-two pounders belonging to the Second Connecticut artillery were planted on a hill about 100 yards to our rear, and thirty-six men belonging to our regiment were detailed to guard them. They fell on the ground within ten feet of the guns, as it would have been extremely hazardous to remain standing. About noon the rebels opened on us with twenty twelve-pounders, and we had an artillery duel for one hour and twenty minutes, when our thirty-two pounders succeeded in quieting the rebels. Our brigade suffered considerable loss from shells bursting over us while the tremen- dous shelling was in progress. While General Hancock was walking down our line he was approached by his orderly, who said: "General, hadn't we better get out of 114 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. this?" The general remarked: ''No; we ain't any better than those men laying there." He then told us to move into a ditch made by a small stream, about ten feet away, and the order was obeyed with alacrity, and the men were hot loathe to vacate a position that was becoming dangerous. We held our position until about 6 p. M., when the artillery opened up again, but the firing was of short duration. It was a feint. We were then moved between 50 and 100 yards, with our faces to- ward Richmond. A heavy body of rebel infantry was on our front, and they swept over our skirmishers and attacked our position. General Hancock, however, as at Williamsburg, was ready and waiting for them. We opened fire on them, and our line was a sheet of fire from one end to the other. The rebels struggled manfully to gain our position, but in vain. Our brigade was supported by the gallant Fourth Vermont, and, though the rebels rallied time and again to the assault, they could not withstand the fusilade of leaden pellets that swept the crest and piled their dead on the field. We finally repulsed them with heavy loss, and drove them from the field into the ravine from which they had first attacked us. The loss of the Forty-ninth in the engagement was five killed and fifteen wounded. We were relieved and re- turned to camp at 9 P. M. The Pennsylvania Reserves fought all day on the oppo- site side of Chickahominy river. We ascertained from the firing that the rebels were slowly pushing them back, but the Reserves stubbornly disputed ever inch of ground. We do not know what to think of the situation to-night, but we are making the best of it. [The Richmond papers of June 30, 1862, acknowledged that the battle of Garnett's Hill had been a sore defeat to the Southern cause, and that they had suf- fered a great loss of men and officers, j — Author. This evening Chaplain Earen- shaw and Travanian Gray buried Henry Gray, of Company D, who was killed to- day. Our loss to-day was killed, four; wounded, fifteen; prisoners, one. Following are the names of the killed and wounded: KILLED. Isaac F. Beamer, Company D. Marshal Batton, Company B. Jerry C. Beck, Company D. Edward Deal, Company C. George W. Cromer, Company D. Henry Gray, Company D. Samuel Dixon, Company D. Samuel B. Mills, Company H. R- S. Westbrook, Company D. WOUNDED. John Miller, Company G. Israel Albright, Company G. Andrew Lucas, Company A. ^mos K. Correll, Company K. J. B. Eckleberger, Company C. ^m. H. McCord, Company K. Michael Westley, Company C. Jacob Barto, Company C. prisoner. A. C. Greanland, Company D. Wm. H. Mauger, Company I. Alfred Clark, Company D. 000 Qolding's Farm, Va. Saturday, June 28, 1862. — We received orders at daylight this morning to pack up our tents and all our effects; the wounded and sick were ordered back to McClel- lan's headquarters at Savage Station; about 8 A. M. the wounded started, the writer being one of the wounded, and using his gun for a crutch. Thefirst thing of interest we saw was the Sixth Maine regiment engaged in felling the heavy timber in the rear of our camp. We moved slowly onward, and when near Savage Station General Reynolds and staff came on our side of the Chickahominy river. His Pennsylvania Reserve corps are fighting near the station on the other side of the river. His mounted orderly, Charley Vale, who is a relative of the writer, after describing what the Pennsylvania Reserves had been doing, advised me to get back as fast as I could, and he gave me $1.50 out of $3 he had in his possession. We were soon at Savage HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 115 Station, where they were preparing for the worst. Heads of whiskey barrels were knocked in and the barrels upset; the contents of mail pouches were emptied on the ground in a pile as large as a load of hay, ready to have the match set to it, and every person was destroying as much as he could. We proceeded on our journey, and by sunset we were at White Oak swamp. We crossed it and layed down and rested. I will now go back and relate the happenings of the regiment and the events that transpired on the battlefield. About 8. 30 a. m. four companies of the Forty-ninth — C, D, I and A — commanded by Captains Miles, Campbell, Dewitt and Davidson; and the Thirty-third New York regiment, under Colonel Taylor, were sent down the Chickahominy to the right of the fort, and formed a line of battle in a ravine, where we were concealed from the enemy. Our four companies were on the skirmish line and the Thirty-third New York supported us. About 9 o'clock cannonading com- menced, and one man of the Thirty-third New York was killed by a shell. The rebels then charged on the fort, but were driven back helter-skelter out of the rifle pits with heavy loss. Many officers and men were taken prisoner, among them be- ing Colonel Lamar and his lieutenant colonel, and we also captured the colors of the Eighth Georgia regiment. On this occasion our coffee mill guns did good work. George Wills, of Company D, was hurt in the thigh with one of these guns, but the old mule brought the gun and Wills out. At one time we were in a rather tight place, as the Thirty-third New York regiment had left us, which caused our boys to pay their respects to the New Yorkers in terms more forcible than elegant. The rebels were being reinforced, and we were ordered to join our brigade in the fallen timber, and we did some fine running in order to save ourselves. Joe Robbins, of Company H, rather an old man, had a narrow escape from being captured while coming off' the skirmish line. He was swinging his knapsack over his shoulder, and the rebels, who were close upon him, shouted for him to surrender. His answer was, "Surrender h — 1 !', They then yelled that unless he halted they would shoot. Joe told them to "shoot and be d — d," and they did shoot, but he got out, only to die of wounds on Aug. 14, 1862. It seems that the rebels have gotten all they want. We layed in the fallen timber that the Sixth Maine cut down this morning until about 2 P. M., when we were again ordered on the picket or skirmish line. We layed in the rifle pits until 6 p. M. , when we were ordered back to our brigade. We are hold- ing our part of the line. The firing of the Pennsylvania Reserves to-day seems to be in the direction of Savage Station or White House Landing, or, in other words, in our rear. We are laying near our old camp to-night. We expect some heavy work to-morrow, and we are wondering tonight if we are expected to hold this part of the line. Many of our boys are blessing the Thirty-third New York to-night for letting us stick to-day. They should have held their position until the Forty-ninth's skir- mishers got in. Our total loss was three killed and six" wounded, as follows: WOUNDED. KILLED. Adam Breath, Company A. Ren Fitzgerald, Company C. Wm. E. Shope, Company A. John McQuillan, Company C. George Wills, Company B. Travanian Gray, Company D. William Beaver, Company H. Samuel Bickel, Company H. Joseph Robbins, Company H. 116 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Savage Station, Va. Sunday, June 29, 1862. — We layed in the wood last night and were up at 3.30 o'clock this morning; the usual Sunday morning inspection and preaching services were dispensed with. We were ordered towards the Trent House, and by evening were at Savage Station. The rebels followed us closely, and we had a bat- tle here that lasted about an hour, at the end of which the rebels were compelled to fall back. Nearly all our troops have left in the direction of the James river. Rather than let it fall into the hands of the rebels, everything around the station was de stroyed by our army. We resumed our march shortly after dark. We are suffer- ing from the want of water. About midnight we crossed White Oak Swamp and camped or bivouaced on the side of a hill. Some of our sick and wounded were left at Savage Station. We have had hard work the past few days and more is expected to-morrow. 000 White Oak Swamp, Va. Monday, June 30, 1862. — We were up at daybreak, and changed our position twice before 9 o'clock, and by 2 p. M. we had changed our position for the third time. Heavy artillery firing was in progress during the day. The rebels threatened to cross the bridge over White Oak swamp, but our ti'oops stood the storm of shells unmoved, and presented a front so firm that the enemy did not dare advance; we are supporting Mott's battery. It is about gone up, and nearly every horse is killed. At sunset the battle was still raging on our right, left and front. Infantry firing has been very heavy, and we are holding our ground. At 8 P. M. all firing had ceased except some picket firing. At about 9 P. m. we silently withdrew, long after the rest of the army had moved, our division having been left as rear guard for the army. We marched with fixed bayonets, expecting every moment to be attacked, but we arrived at near Turkey Bend, on the James River, just at daybread. We thought that we were surrounded, but by good generalship we got out. Our division has made the rebels suffer considerably since the 26th, and every person is content to take a rest. 000 Malvern Hill, Va. Tuesday, July i, 1862. — Every person is tired and worn out; about 9 a. m. our brigade was ordered to arms, and we formed line of battle in a wheat field, support- ing two batteries of artillery; we had some rest to-day, but are lying in the hot sun; Isaac Beamer and R. S. Westbrook, of Company D, who were wounded on the 27th, are with us again, but are very lame; heavy musketry and artillery firing was heard on our right nearly all day; a heavy detail was sent out for picket duty this evening; at dark we moved out of the wheat field to the road, left in front, and halted as the Pennsylvania Reserves have the right of way; they are going down the river. Wednesday, July 2, 1862. — Our pickets joined us at 3 o'clock this morning; the road is clear and our brigades moves at 4 o'clock and at noon we are at City Point; it has been raining ever since we started this morning — miserable marching; we are at Harrison's Landing this evening, but out of rations and hungry as doo-s; we made our beds right in the mud — there is no selecting a nice dry spot to spread our blankets on; step where you please you go into mud over shoe tops; no cannon- ading to-day. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 117 Harrison's Landing, Va. Thursday, July 3, 1862. — Well, we have all put in a miserable night on account of the mud and rain; everthing is quiet; early in the day the rebels threw a few shell into the camp of the Pennsylvania Reserve corps; we were moved out across Herring creek and formed line of battle and pitched our tents; orderly sergeants of the companies have trouble of getting a detail of 100 men to go out to-night to build breastworks; every person as simply played out; some tiring from the gun boats was heard to day; cloudy all day and very muddy. Friday, July 4, 1862. — Very warm; at noon we are run out to support a bat- tery; orders; not a man to raise up off the ground; Colonel Irwin, up on the hill looking front; Lieutenant Wombacker stands up and Colonel sees him. Colonel cries: "Lieutenant Wombacker, consider yourself under arrest." Well, no more stood up until we got orders to go back to Cdmp this evening; our batteries fired several salutes to-day, bands played national airs and our artillery saluted the rebels with shot and shell this evening; General McClellan is riding around looking at his worn out, half starved boys; heavy firing tovvard Richmond this evening; mud and day is very warm. Saturday, July 5, 1862. — We moved camp a short distance; we have no ra- tions; a detail is out cutting timber, and a large detail is out to-night working on earthworks; they returned to camp at midnight; all is quiet along the lines. Sunday, July 6, 1862. — We pitched tents this morning; we received orders at noon to strike tents, and moved at i o'clock a short distance, where we pitched tents again; orders at 7 p. M. to strike tents again, and we moved back about one-fourth of a mile and again pitched tents; we are now about one-half mile east of the camp we left this morning; at sick call about one-half of the regiment goes to the doctors for medicine. Monday, July 7, 1862. — A detail is out working on the earthworks; it was very warm; at 4 P. M. we were ordered under arms and stacked arms on the parade grounds; all the men not on fatigue duty this evening are out on picket, except the sick, and many of them are out doing some light duty. Tuesday, July 8, 1862. — It was very warm during the day, but is a little cooler this evening; President Lincoln reviewed the army this evening and passed our corps at dark; a large fatigue party went out this morning; all quiet to-day; rebel pickets are in sight; they don't like our gun boats. Wednesday, July 9, 1862. — It was very warm to-day and the boys rested; usual details for camp duty; our regiment is about played out; if this duty lasts much longer there will be no Forty-ninth; the men are very weak kom exposure; every person has diarrhoea. Thursday, July 10, 1862. — Warm this morning, but it rained this afternoon and evening; nothing strange in camp; John S. McCall, of Company D, died of typhoid fever to-day. Friday, July II, 1862. — Cloudy all day and some rain; mustered for pay this afternoon; some few of our boys were put in the guard house for a trial offense; was some firing down the river to-day, rebels firing at our transports. Saturday, July 12, 1862. — Weather - pleasant, and air cool this morning; many of the boys are writing letters home; all quiet along our line, but some cannonading was heard down the river. Sunday, July 13, 1862. — Morning and noon warm and evening cool; preaching in camp this evening; we had the usual Sunday morning inspection. Monday, July 14, 1862. — We extended our camp and picket line to the front to-day; day warm and evening pleasant. Tuesday, July 15, 1862. — Heavy rain this evening; usual details were made for camp guard, picket, etc; many of the boys are unfit to do- any kind of duty; we were 118 HISTORY 4gTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. paid this evening for March and April; it was warm during the day; the mosquitoes are very troublesome, and it seems that they are able to bite through a gum blanket; half of the regiment is on fatigue duty. Wednesday, July i6, 1862. — Morning pleasant, noon warm and evening cool and pleasant; John A. Patterson, of Company I, died to-day; the boys are sending some of their money home; usual camp duties; our quarters were inspected this afternoon ; we had a heavy storm about dark, and the wind blew down a great many tents; to-night there was another heavy storm, accompanied by thunder and light- ning, and the lightning killed nine mules and wounded two men belonging to our wagon train. Thursday, July 17, 1862. — Morning pleasant, noon warm and evening rainy; usual details to-day; Captain McClay, of Company H, and Williams Adams, or Allen, left for home to-day. Friday, July 18, 1862. — Morning warm and noon and evening quite cool; pick- ets went out, and a detail is putting up rifle pits in front of our brigade; orders were given this afternoon for company drill, but only about fifty men in the regiment were fit to drill, the rest being on the sick list; dress parade this evening. Saturday, July 19, 1862. — Morning quite cool, but noon and evening warm; the pickets returned to camp at 11 A. M. ; the boys are putting in their time as best they can, and many are playing cards; at sick call the boys swarm to the doctors for their quinine, and they are not playing off, either. Sunday, July 20, 1862. — Morning cool and noon and evening warm: company inspection at 9 A. M. ; some of our boys attended preaching services in our regiment at 5 P. M. and later in the evening attended religious services over in the Fifth Wis- consin regiment; we had dress parade at 7 p. M., but only about fifty men went out. Monday, July 21, 1862. — Morning cool and noon and evening warm ; a detail went out to work on rifle pits to-day; dress parade this evening; some of the boys are sending money home with the chaplain. Tuesday, July 22, 1862. — Weather cool and cloudy all day; evening clear; our pickets went out this morning; inspection this morning by regular army officers; dress parade this evening. Wednesday, July 23, 1862. — The pickets came in at 11 A. M. ; nothing new in camp; dress parade this evening; a detail is out working on the rifle pits. Thursday, July 24, 1862. — The day was pleasant; usual camp details; a large fatigue party is out; dress parade this evening; the rifle pits were finished to-day. Friday, July 25, 1862. — Weather pleasant and cool during the day; a detail was out to-day working on the fort; we were paid in gold to-day for the months of May and June; dress parade this evening; many of the boys are bathing in Herring creek, close to our camp. Saturday, July 26, 1862. — Company drill this morning; the usual details were made for camp duties and work on the fort; weather cool this morning, warm at noon and rain fell this evening; we received orders not to leave camp; rumors are afloat that the rebels are advancing and that they have driven our cavalry pickets in, but we know nothing of it this evening. Sunday, July 27, 1862. — Company inspection this morning; camp guards and pickets were mounted as usual. Monday, July 28, 1862.— Battalion drill at 5 o'clock this morning; dress parade this evening; a detail for to-morrow's picket was made this evening; the boys are sending home some of their money. Tnesday, July 29, 1862. — Battalion drill at 5 a. m. ; the pickets left camp at 9 a. M. ; some of the Company I boys had tomatoes for dinner and paid 50 cents per dozen for them ; dress parade this evening. Wednesday, July 30, 1862.— Day pleasant; the pickets came in at 10 a. m.- HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 119 everything seems to be quiet along the line; there is a report that the rebels are ad- vancing; dress parade this evening. Thursday, July 31, 1862. — Battalion drill at 5 o'clock this morning; nothing of any importance occurred during the day, but about midnight the rebels across the river opened a heavy artillery fire on our transports on the river. Every man was called out in line of battle, and our advance guard was sent out about 300 yards in front. It consisted of one sergeant, two corporals and eight privates. After the fir- ing had ceased the regiment and guards returned to quarters, and talked over the situation our army was in, it being open for the rebels to shell us at any time. They did very little damage, however, and it was little more than a scare. Friday, Aug. i, 1862. — Our troops crossed the river and burned several build- ings on top of the mountain, where the rebels had their artillery last night; we saw our troops advance and saw the buildings burning; we moved our camp about 300 yards to higher ground. Saturday, Aug. 2, 1862. — Nothing new in camp to-day; every person is at work fixing up camp; our pickets returned to camp at 9 A. M. ; dress parade this evening; day was pleasant, but a little warm. The following order was issued to-day: Headquarters Army of the Potomac, | Camp near Harrison's Landing, Va., Aug. 2, 1862. j General Order No. 147. Organized Ambulance Corps — One four- horse and one two-horse allowed to each regiment; two men and a driver to each ambulance. Sunday, Aug. 3, 1862. — Inspection this morning; Sergeant C. Dale went to brigade headquarters to bring two men to our regiment who had attempted to de- sert; after report to our regimental headquarters, he handed them over to the ser- geant of the guard, who took them to the guard house; dress parade this evening. Monday, Aug. 4, 1862. — Drill at 5 o'clock this morning; some of the compa- nies had teams hauling brush with which to shade our tents, as we expect to lay here awhile; the day is very warm; dress parade this evening; later we received notice to move at a moment's notice with two days' rations. The following general orders were issued to-day: Headquarters Army of the Potomac, | Camp near Harrison's Landing, Va., Aug. 4, 1862.) General Orders, No. 151: Under section 5 of the act entitled "An act to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers of the army, and for other purposes," approved July 17, 1862, the bands of the volunteer regiments now in this army will forthwith be mustered out of service. Commanders of corps and separate commands will appoint regular officers to perform the duties of mustering officers to carry into execution the provisions of the law. Pursuant to instructions from the war department, all enlisted men who have been detached from companies to serve in bands, but were not originally mus- tered in as members of bands, will be returned to duty in their companies. Not hav- ing been enlisted as musicians, they are not entitled to discharge as such. With their own consent, musicians of regimental bands may be transferred on their present enlistment to form the brigade bands, authorized by section 6 of this act, at the dis- cretion of the brigade commanders. II, Section 6 of the act referred to in the foregoing paragraph is published for the information and government of all concerned: "And be it further enacted, that each brigade in the Volunteer service may have sixteen musicians as a band, who shall receive the pay and allowances now provided by law for regimental bands, except the leader of the band, who shall receive forty- five dollars per month, with emoluments and allowances of a quartermaster sergeant. By command of Major General McClellan: S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant General. 120 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Tuesday, Aug. 5, 1682. — Day is very warm; cannonading was heard up the river to-day; marching orders were countermanded; brigade dress parade this evening. Wednesday, Aug. 6, 1862. — The day is very warm; William Mcllhatten, of Company G, came down from Richmond to camp about 8 o'clock this morning; the members of the company were all glad to see him, as he was the only prisoner of the company whom they had not heard from; brigade drill this evening. Thursday, Aug. 7, 1862. — Our brigade pickets relieved the Second bri- gade pickets to-day; they had 'been on picket duty since Tuesday morning; their brigade had been out on a reconnoitering expedition, and this was the cause of their not being relieved; dress parade this evening; some of the boys dug a well to-day and obtained splendid water; an order has been received to send recruiting officers home to recruit for the regiment, and two lieutenants, four sergeants, two corporals and four privates were sent, under command of Lieutenant Wakefield. Friday, Aug. 8, 1862. — The pickets were relieved at 10 o'clock by the brigade and returned to camp at noon; Captain Boal, who has been sick with typhoid fever for about three weeks, was sent home this morning; drill at 5 A. M. and dress parade this evening. Saturday, Aug. 9, 1862. — Usual details for camp duty; Vandiver, of Company B, was taken to headquarters for trial; this is about the warmest day we have had. Sunday, Aug. 10, 1862. — Morning and noon warm and this evening rain fell; inspection at 9 A. M. ; there was preaching in a church near by and some of the boys attended; dress parade this evening; orders were received to prepare to march; gen- eral order No. 153 allows six wagons for a full regiment of infantry. Monday, Aug. 1 1, 1862. — We received orders this morning at daybreak to pack our knapsacks and leave them at the crossing, and they would be hauled down to the Landing, then loaded on a boat; we were also ordered to have three days' rations in our haversacks and four days' rations on the wagons and to be ready to march at any time; dress parade at 10 A. M. ; an order was read from the war department in reference to the death of Ex-President Van Buren; dress parade this evening; we are in camp this evening; thirteen guns were fired at intervals of thirty minutes and thirty-four at night in honor of Ex-President Van Buren. Tuesday, Aug. 12, 1862. — Warm, windy and cloudy during the day, and some rain fell this evening. Martin H , a German, of Company A, was arrested this afternoon and put in the guard house for drunkenness and disorderly conduct. He also used insulting language to the lieutenant of the guard. His hands were tied to- gether and he was seated on the ground, with his arms drawn down over his legs and a rifle run betw^een his knees and elbows. This kept him in his proper place, but it did not silence his abusive tongue, and he was afterwards gagged by having a bayonet tied in his mouth. Tyson, one of the chained prisoners in the guard house, had his sentence read on dress parade this evening. The charges were cowardice and ab- senting himself without leave from the regiment while in the face of the enemy. He was sentenced to have one-half of his head shaved and have a board tied upon his back, with the word, "Coward," inscribed on it in large letters; and be marched be- fore all the regiments in the brigade. In addition to this, he was to forfeit $10 out of wages due him by the United States and be confined in prison at hard labor for two years. His head was shaved this evening and the board was sent to the guard house. Wednesday, Aug. 13, 1862. — Morning warm and afternoon cool and pleasant. The brigade was formed in line on the parade ground at 5 P. m., and Tyson was marched before the boys from left to right, with his hat in hand, and the board, with "Coward" on it, on his back. The rogues' march was played by our drum corps, and after this ordeal he was returned to the brigade guard house. Thursday, Aug. 14, 1862. — Day pleasant; orders were received this evening to be ready to march at daylight to-morrow morning; dress parade this evening; troops are passing down the river this evening. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 121 Friday, Aug. 15, 1862. — We were up at 3 o'clock this morning and stacked arms on the color line; at sunrise we returned to our quarters and struck tents and were ready to march; troops, trains and artillery commenced moving last evening, going down the river, and have been passing all day. We are still in camp this evening. The morning was cloudy and cool, noon warm and evening cool. The road and fields in front of us are covered with trains, and our wagon train is said to be about fifty miles long. Twelve thousand wagons belong to the Army of the Po- tomac. Saturday, Aug. 16, 1862. — The army is still moving past our camp. Our boys put up dummies, in the shape of stuffed soldiers with gun in hand, along the top of our works, one about every fifty yards. We are the rear guard, and at 5 o'clock this evening we bade Harrison's Landing good-bye. We marched until 10.30 P. M. and passed through Charles City and camped about four miles beyond it. Just be- fore going into camp we had a small stream to cross, and while cogitating about the best manner to cross, a voice about ten feet from Company D was heard saying: "Men, step into the water; you will camp soon." Sergeant Cunningham, of Com- pany D, said, "Damn you, get in yourself!" The man had gum boots on, and he immediately complied with the request of Sergeant Cunningham. We were some- what surprised to learn that the man was General McClellan, and enjoyed a hearty laugh at his expense. We marched on and camped shortly afterwards, after march- ing about fifteen miles during the day. Sunday, Aug. 17, 1862. — There was a pleasant, cool air to-day; we marched at 6 o'clock this morning and crossed the Chickahominy river over a pontoon bridge, between one-fourth and one-half mile in length, near its entrance to the James river; we halted on the left bank at 8.30, after having marched about eighteen miles to-day. 000 Down the Peninsula. Monday, Aug. 18, 1862. — We were up at 4 o'clock this morning, and left the ferry an hour later, marching through Williamsburg; we passed by Fort Magruder, over the battlefield of May 5, and camped about four miles east of Williamsburg; day cool and pleasant; we drew rations this evening; the boys' feet are beginning to play out. Tuesday, Aug. 19, 1862. — We were up at 4 o'clock this morning and marched at 6; we halted on the bank of the York river, one mile below Yorktown, about 2 p. M. ; some of the boys bathed hi the river and others fished for oysters, while every- body helped themselves to peaches; one orchard had about one thousand bushels in it ready for the market, and in about half an hour I don't think there was one single peach in the orchard; even the tree that the guard was on was trimmed except the limb over his head, and if he had not been taken off they would have had peaches, tree and guard ; many of the boys had corn soup for supper and peaches for desert. 000 Yorktown, Va. Wednesday, Aug. 20, 1862. — Morning cool, noon warm and evening cloudy; we left camp at 5 A. M. and went into camp near Big Bethel at noon, after marching about fourteen miles; the dust is about six inches deep on the roads. Thursday, Aug. 21, 1862. — We were up at 3.30 A. M and started at daybreak and marched down to Hampton, where we halted at 10 A. m. ; the boys who had money feasted on pies, oysters, etc. : we received mail this evening; there was some rain this evening; we had soft bread for rations, the first we have had for about four months. 122 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Friday, Aug. 22, 1862. — Rain fell this morning; noon pleasant, but this evening was stormy, with some rain; we marched to Fortress Monroe at noon and embarked on the steamer Montreal at 2. 30 p. m. , and lay at anchor until after midnight. Saturday, Aug. 23, 1862. — Cool this morning; warm during the day; evening stormy and some rain; we reached the Potomac to-day at noon; the vessel grounded in the Potomac below Aqua creek at 8 o'clock this evening and the anchor was let down; to-day we saw some fishermen whose net was about one mile long. 000 Alexandria, Va. Sunday, Aug. 24, 1862. — Weather cool and windy all day; the anchor was raised at 2 o'clock this morning; we arrived at Alexandria at noon and marched one mile west of the town and camped; the usual details were made for camp duty and brigade guard; we are a hard-looking lot of soldiers and are very dirty. Monday, Aug. 25, 1862. — Morning and evening cool and noon warm; company inspection and dress parade this evening; a detail went to Alexandria as provost guard and returned at noon with some prisoners; Hen. Minnichan, of Company I, took dinner with Shorty and Nixdorf, of the One Hundred and Twenty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers. Tuesday, Aug. 26, 1862. — Company inspection and dress parade; the day has been pleasant; some of our boys visited the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers; we are a dirty -looking set of soldiers alongside of them; they know many of us, and also know what we have gone through. Wednesday, April 27, 1862. — The pickets went out at 9 o'clock this evening; they marched until midnight to a point on the Leesburg and Alexandria pike, near Fort Bleuker, and placed pickets one-half mile along the pike; day pleasant; usual duties in camp; the rebels made a raid at Manassas. 000 Alexandria to Centreville. Thursday, Aug. 28, 1862. — Some rain this evening, but the day has been pleas- ant; our pickets are still out; we received orders to move, but are still ir\ camp. Friday, Aug. 29, 1862. — The pickets came in at 2 o'clock this morning; we re- ceived orders at daylight to be ready to march at 6 a. m. ; we marched west on the Fairfax pike and halted at noon about five miles east of Fairfax; the day was rather pleasant. Saturday, Aug. 30, 1862. — We marched at 7 A. m. ; our regiment is rear guard to-day; we passed through F'airfax at noon, through Centreville at sunset, and marched about two miles beyond Centreville towards Bull Run; orders were given that not one man was to leave the ranks and to keep well closed up; fighting is going on in front; the night is dark, and we expected to have some work to do before morn- ing, but were ordered back to Centreville; we occupied the works about 9 P. m. ; orders were given at 11 P. M. to fall in, and we marched until about 12 o'clock, when we went into another fort, where we remained until morning; we think there is too many skedaddling back from other corps, but we will do our duty. 000 From Centreville Back to Alexandria, Va. Sunday, Aug. 31, 1862. — Raining this morning and cloudy all day; inspection at 9 A. M. ; we left the fort at 1 1 o' clock and formed line of battle in the rear of a rifle pit to the left of the fort; we were mustered for pay; we think there is another re- HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 123 treat and that we are to stop them here; Henry Minnichan's diary says "We are go- ing to stop them, too." Monday, Sept. i, 1862. — Morning cool and cloudy, evening rain; we received orders to move at 2 p. m., but remained in camp until 8; we marched in rear of the train to within one-half mile of Fairfax, then marched back about one and camped in a field about 2 o'clock. Tuesday, Sept. 2, 1862. — We left camp about i p. m. and marched a short dis- tance to the front and formed line of battle; we started back from Fairfax at 4.30 p. M. and arrived at the camp near Alexandria, which we left la_st Friday, reaching here about 10 p. M. ; the boys are pretty tired. 000 From Alexandria to Washington, D. C. Wednesday, Sept. 3, 1862. — We moved camp this morning to a hill near a seminary; a detail was sent to Alexandria at noon to unload our knapsacks and returned to camp at midnight; day pleasant; dress parade this evening. Thursday, Sept. 4, 1862. — Nothing new in camp; usual camp guard; our camp is laid out in order and tents are pitched; we got our knapsacks this evening and had dress parade; some firing was heard to-day in the direction of Chain Bridge. Friday, Sept. 5, 1862. — Guard mount at 9 a. m. ; day warm; we received or- ders to prepare three days' rations and sixty rounds of cartridges; some of our boys are over visiting the One-hundred-and-twenty -sixth, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Saturday, Sept. 6, 1862. — Raining this morning and noon, evening cool; we re- ceived orders this evening to pack up ; we left camp at sunset and crossed over the Long Bridge into Washington; about 10.30 P. M. were marching through Washing- ton and halted near Tennelly town at i o'clock this morning. 000 Tennellytown and Rockville, Md. Sunday, Sept. 7, 1862. — We remained in camp until 6 o'clock this evening, then marched on through Tennellytown in the direction of Rockville, and halted about midway between these two places at 9.30 P. M. Monday, Sept. 8, 1862. — Reveille sounded at 4 A. M. ; we marched at 5 A. M. and passed through Cockeysville at 9 o'clock this morning, and halted at 10 o'clock; we received orders to mark our knapsacks and leave them to be sent back to Wash- ington; this looks like business again; we remained here until 4 p. m., then marched about three miles and halted on a hill to the left of the road. Tuesday, Sept. 9, 1862. — We marched at 9 o'clock this morning and halted at 3 p. M. near Dawsonville, Md. 000 Dawsonville and Bannerville, Md. Wednesday, Sept. to, 1862. ^-We marched at 9 A. M., passed through Dawson- ville, and camped about 3 P. M. in the wood near Barnesville; the rebels are in sight, and the pickets went out; a little shelling was done this afternoon; a very noticeable happening is that the roosters all stop crowing as the army passes by. Thursday, Sept. 11, 1862. — We marched at 6 a. m. and passed through Barnesville towards Sugar Loaf mountain; we marched about two miles in line of bat- tle, and our brigade skirmishers advanced up the mountain; some firing was done about 9 A. M. between the skirmishers; the rebels are retreating towards Frederick City; we halted at the foot of Sugar Loaf mountain about noon, and we are camped 124 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERS. here this evening; fruit and grapes are plentiful here; Our signal station is on top of the mountain. Friday, Sept. 12, 1862. — Left camp about noon; marched around Sugar Loaf mountain and camped at sunset this evening on the north side of the mountain; very warm during the day; the enemy is retreating; the pickets went out. 000 Sugar Loaf Mountain, Va, Saturday, Sept. 13, 1862. — We marched at sunrise this morning to Buckeys- town, crossed over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on the covered bridge, over the Monocacy river, at the Monocacy flour mills, and halted in an apple and peach or- chard, called the Thomas farm (secessionist, I think); we remained here one hour, and went into camp in the meadow; we received orders to march at 8 o'clock this evening and marched over the ridge and camped at Jeffersontown, at 10 o'clock to- night. Sunday, Sept. 14, 1862. — We received orders to march at 9 o'clock this morn- ing and marched to Burketsville, at the foot of the ridge, about six miles from Jeffer- son, where part of our corps (Franklin's) was engaged; we arrived at Burketsville at 2 p. M.; about 4 o'clock the Second and Third brigades of our division were ordered into battle, and our brigade was kept in reserve, lying in the cemetery; they cap- tured three or four pieces of artillery and a number of prisoners and drove the enemy across the mountain; this is Crampton's Gap; there was heavy firing towards Har- per's Ferry, and we expected to go to assist them down this side of the mountain; our skirmishers started that way; Henry Minnichan made a chicken take the oath of allegiance to-day. 000 Burketsville or Crampton's Gap, Md. Monday, Sept. 15, 1862. — We received orders at daybreak to march; a detail from our regiment was ordered to march in the rear of the brigade to assist in bring- ing up the sick ; we marched through Burketsville, and just as we started up the mountain we discovered that one piece of rebel artillery commanded the road; it was made out of old cart wheels, and a piece of stove-pipe was used for a gun, and many humorous remarks were made about it; we crossed the mountain, marched down into some fields, and camped about half way down the mountain and remained there until evening, when]we were'ordered forward and marched about one-half mile, then were ordered back to camp; it was very warm during the day. Tuesday, Sept. 16, 1862. — Morning and noon warm and evening cloudy and cool; we are laying in camp to-day; there is fighting going on towards the Potomac, on this side of the mountain; we are not a great distance from Hagerstown. 000 Antietam, Md. Wednesday, Sept. 17, 1862. — Morning very foggy, noon warm and evening cool; we received orders to march at 6 a. m., and marched through Roarsville, turned to the left near Boonsborough and marched to the top of a hill nt-ar Keedeysville.and halted ; here we had a fair view of the battle which was raging in our front. General Hancock said to us: "Boys, do as you have done before; be brave and true, and I think this will be your last battle." Soon we were ordered forward. The Pennsyl- vania Reserves were unable to hold their position near the church and abandoned it, and our division (Baldy Smith's) was ordered to occupy the position they had left. GENERAL W. F. SMITH. Who Successfull}' Carried the First Division, Better Known as "Baldy" Smith's Division, Through Many Battles. mim '- Sm^^Pi i Jr^jM Er^^r ^^Ki^^r ^**^T ^ wm ^fs£^ ^fcrt#*^*'" m^i»: it^^&»e^ - -V \l>'- '-^ Kr.'^f '^^K^' "'■V^^^^H '^^^4^-^; ^^':^^ I- ■■*'"■ ••^■^p^^ fc% ■tfUi^fi^HiiUai CHARLEY SMITH. CHARLEY KINO. Drunamer Old Companies C and B. Enlisted Aug, Drummer Old Company F. Shot Through Body at 17, 1861, and Discharged Sept, Antletam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862, and 15, 1864. died on the 20th. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 125 We were double-quicked in, and in line of battle Colonel Irwin's, orders were, "Steady, right dress;" our lines are good; battery in our rear on a full gallop; we are afraid the rebels will get the position; we move a little to right oblique to make an opening for our battery; up the come to the crest and go into position; we support them; the position is ours; now the fighting is very severe on our immediate left; Company C is deployed as skirmishers; General Hancock is ordered to take com- mand of General Richardson's division, Richardson having been badly wounded to- day, and he leaves us at once; we kissed the ground to escape the flying missiles; now Colonel Irwin is taken away from us to take command of a brigade, and this leaves Major Tom Huling in command of our regiment; these changes were made in about five minutes, as there was no time to be lost; the One Hundred and Twenty- fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers have just came out of the corn field, where they made a charge, and are badly cut up; Jim Cunningham and the writer slipped off about 100 yards to see who was hurt in the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth; in a few min- utes we returned, and our captain, Jim Campell, gave us thunder for leaving the ranks; General Hancock came back to see just how he had left us in regard to our position, and he ordered us to fall back twenty paces out of range, which was done just in the nick of time, for the rebels ran some batteries out and opened fire on us ; our batteries shortly gave them to understand that we had come to stay and the rebels withdrew their batteries; Gus Heller, of Company C, lost a foot on the skirmish line, and Charley King, of Company F, was shot through the body, and fell into the arms of H. H. Bowles, of the Sixth Maine regiment; our part of the line is laying low; Col- onel Irwin made a charge with his brigade and sweeped the field in front of the church; the artillerymen have gotten into a scap of bees in front of their pieces and were badly stung; the writer took two tin plates out of his haversack, and, by keep- ing his head down to the ground, succeeded in getting two plates of honey without being stung; I ran back to the ranks and set one plate down to Captain Campbell, with the remark, "Captain, there is a dish of honey for giving me thunder awhile ago," which caused a general laugh; Major Tom Huhng's horse was hit by a piece of shell, and while he layed on the ground the major jokingly remarked, "Sam, I guess you are playing the possum," and he soon recovered; General Hancock has left us for good, but Colonel Irwin returned to us again; we remained here during the night. Our loss was one killed and four wounded, as follows: WOUNDED. KILLED. Thos. B. Hildebrand, Company C. Andrew W. Smith, Company I. Gus Heller, Company C. Charley King, Co. F; died on 20th. Henry H. Laub, Company H. Thursday, Sept. 18, 1862. — Morning and noon warm, evening rain; we have been lying in line of battle all day; Company G was ordered out this evening to sup- port the pickets; a flag of truce is up this evening; dead rebels and horses are lying all around us. Friday, Sept. 19, 1862. — The rebels left this morning in our front, and the pick- ets were ordered forward as skirmishers; they advanced about one-half mile and dis- covered six or eight rebels about 500 yards in front. They asked them to come in, but they cleared themselves, and were fired on. Two of them were caught by the Sixth Maine skirmishers. Company G was relieved and ordered back to the regi- ment, but the brigade had left and marched toward Sharpsburg, over the battlefield. It is a horrible sight in the road — the dead rebels piled on top of one another, and there was no room to walk. We took the field to the right, and came on the pike above Sharpsburg. We marched down through the town to a stream and camped. The rebels have started in the direction of Harper's Ferry. A detail was made this even- ing for camp guard. Warm during the day. All the barns, houses and outbuild- ings have been turned into hospitals. J 26 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Saturday, -Sept. 20, 1862. — Morning and evening pleasant; noon warm, orders are given to get ready to march about 2 o' clock, but we are still in camp this even- ing; we have orders to march at daylight to-morrow, but later orders were given to march at 3 A. M. ; orders were received at 10.30 P. M. to pack up and march immed- iately; we marched through Sharpsburg and Tilmington, on the Hagerstown pike, then took the Williamsport road at Bakersville; we went into camp at daybreak near Williamsport (21st); we heard to-day that General Miles had surrendered Harper's Ferry to the rebels, and we rather think it is true, as the firing in that direction has ceased. 000 Near Williamsport, Md. Sunday, Sept. 21, 1862. — We have been marching nearly all night; the morn- ing is very foggy; we passed St. James College this morning just as the clock struck 4, and camped, or rested; every person is sleepy and tired; we moved our camp into the woods; preaching at 5 P. M. Monday, Sept. 22, 1862. — Morning and evening cool and noon warm; in camp to-day; we received orders this evening to march at 7 o'clock to-morrow morning; a great many of the militia came to see us to-day. Tuesday, Sept. 23, 1862. — Pleasant in camp this morning; we are awaiting or- ders to march; we left camp at 2 p. m. and marched back towards Sharpsburg, and halted at sunset about one-half mile from the river, opposite Mechanicsville, at Grimes' Mills, or Bakersville; our camp is in the woods; Company D killed four or five snakes before we could stack our guns. 000 Near Bakersville, Md. Wednesday, Sept. 24, 1862. — Rain this morning and cool this evening; nothing new in camp to-day; Colonel Irwin came back to the regiment; we have no tents, but take the rain as the Lord sends it. Thursday, Sept. 25, 1862. — Morning and evening cool and noon warm; we are laying in camp to-day and nothing of importance is going on. Friday, Sept. 26, 1862. — Morning and evening cool and noon warm; we moved our camp on the hill where the Second brigade was camped, they having left for Vir- ginia this morning; our camp is still in the same wood, only a few hundred yards from where we left. Saturday, Sept. 27, 1862. — Morning cool, noon warm and evening cloudy; still in camp to-day; nothing going on; some of the boys are out through the country hunting something good to eat. Sunday, Sept. 28, 1862. — Morning and evening cool, noon warm; Rev. Baker, of Pennsylvania, preached in camp at 11 A. M. to-day; brigade guard detailed at 2 p. M. ; we had regular Sunday morning inspection; a report is afloat in camp that we are going to Hagerstown. Monday, Sept. 29, 1862.- — Morning and noon clear, evening cloudy; nothing new in camp; brigade guard was relieved at 2.30 p. M. ; our Second brigade is going to Hagerstown, but we remain here; a great many citizens are coming to see us. Tuesday, Sept. 30, 1862. — Squad drill this morning; usual details for camp duty; dress parade this evening; this is the first drill we have had since we left Vir- ginia. Wednesday, Oct. i, 1862. — Morning cool, noon warm, evening rain; Captain Boal came to camp this morning at daybreak, but only remained a few hours, and returned to Harrisburg, Pa.; nothing new in camp; orders to fix up tents; dress pa- HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 127 rade this evening; we hear cannonading in the distance to-day, too far away, how- ever, to bother us. Thursday, Oct. 2, 1862. — Morning and evening cool, noon warm; squad drill this morning and same at 5 this afternoon, then dress parade; some cannonading far away this evening; all quiet along our line. Friday, Oct. 3, 1862. — Morning cloudy, noon warm, evening cool; we left camp this morning and marched to Bakersville to be reviewed by the President of the United States, which took place at 4 p. M., and we returned to camp at 5 p. m. ; twenty-one guns were fired as a salute; General McClellan accompanied the Presi- dent. Saturday, Oct 4, 1862. — Morning and evening cool, noon warm; nothing new in camp, and all quiet along the Potomac. Sunday, Oct. 5, 1862. — Sunday morning inspection; preaching at 11 o'clock; dress parade this evening. Monday, Oct. 6, 1862. — Squad drill this morning and company drill this even- ing; monthly inspection at noon, and the army regulations were read to the regiment; some of our boys came out on inspection barefooted; day is pleasant; dress parade this evening. Tuesday, Oct. 7, 1862. — Squad drill this morning; non-commissioned officers drilled at 11 A. m.; company drill and dress parade this evening; Fred Brennisholtz and L. L. Logan, of Perryville, Pa. ; Hiram Knox, of Harrisburg, and J. K. Linn visited our boys to-day. Wednesday, Oct. 8, 1862. — Usual details for camp duties; our colonel went to Hagerstown to-day for the purpose, it is said, of looking up ground for the regiment to camp on. Thursday, Oct. 9, 1862.— Guard mount at 8.30 a. m., company drill this after- noon and dress parade this evening; a great supper is in progress at General Pratt's headquarters to-night and nearly all the officers are drunk and are carrying on high; the rank and file think our present brigade general falls far short of General Hancock; pleasant during the day. Friday, Oct. 10, 1862. — Squad drill this morning; we are having some rain; we received orders at midnight to move. Saturday, Oct. 11, 1862. — We started to march this morning in a heavy rain; we passed through Hagerstown and camped near Greencastle; report is that the reb- els are in Chambersburg, Pa. ; pickets went out. Sunday, Oct. 12, 1862. — We are in camp to-day; inspection this morning; the pickets have charge of the telegraph line from camp to the picket line; some of them were sleeping part of the night in Pennsylvania; orders to march to-morrow. Monday, Oct. 13, 1862. — Cold and cloudy; we marched at 7 this morning, go- ing south on the Williamsport and Greencastle turnpike to the Hagerstown and Wheeling turnpike, and filing left to Hagerstown, marched through the town and camped near by. 000 Near Hagerstown, Md. Tuesday, Oct. 14, 1862. — Moved camp this morning across the road into the wood near the railroad; detail for fatigue duty to give our camp a thorough cleaning; dress parade this evening. Wednesday, Oct. 15, 1862. — Cool and cloudy; the regiment is policeino- the camp; dress parade this evening; we think we will camp here awhile. Thursday, Oct. 16, 1862. — Cool and cloudy; squad drill this morning; company drill this afternoon; battalion drill and dress parade this evening. 128 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Friday, Oct. 17, 1862. — Squad and company drill this morning, battalion drill this afternoon; Colonel Irwin left for Harrisburg at daylight; Joseph Beck, of Milroy, Pa., is visiting in camp; dress parade this evening. Saturday, Oct. 18, 1862. — No drill to-day, but usual details for camp duty; countersign for the camp guard is Hancock; we had dress parade this evening. Sunday, Oct. 19, 1802. — Camp inspection and review this morning; reviewed by General Pratt; dress parade this evening. Monday, Oct. 20, 1862. — Nothing strange in camp to-day; we had company drill and dress parade; Levi (Boss) Westbrook, of Huntingdon, Pa., is a visitor to our camp; we advised hm to take his son Sheppard along home, he being in poor health. Tuesday, Oct. 21, 1862. — Day quite pleasant; revieved at 11 this morning by General Smith. Wednesday, Oct. 22. — Squad and company drill this morning; regimental drill this afternoon; the 119th Pennsylvania. Volunteers joined our brigade to-day; it is a big regiment and a fine looking set of men ; they are from Philadelphia. Thursday, Oct. 23, 1862. — Cold; division review at 9 o'clock this morning; re- turned to camp at 3 P. M. ; we were reviewed by General Franklin; our company is full of old farmers peddling cabbage, chickens, applebutter and everything good; it is easily seen that we are in our own country; if this was in rebeldom we would have had all these things gobbled up long ago. Friday, Oct. 24, 1862. — Cold this morning and evening, warm at noon; battal- ion drill at 9 o'clock this morning; dress parade this evening; Hen Minnichan, of Company I, is on guard at a house to-day; it is the first time in a year that he has eaten at a table. Saturday, Oct. 25, 1862. — Morning cool and evening cold and windy; Henry and George Dale visited Company G this afternoon and brought some provisions with them; we have orders to wash and clean up our clothes to-day; we got shelter tents and clothing to-day. Sunday, Oct. 26, 1862. — Cold and raining all day; usual camp duties; company inspection and dress parade. Monday, Oct. 27, 1862. — Morning cold and evenmg clear and cool; general in- spection at I P. M. ; squad drill and dress parade; there are some signs of a move. Tuesday, Oct. 28, 1862. — Day cool and frosty; Company G's visitors — Henry and George Dale — left for their home in Centre county, Pa., this morning; Sergeant Dale accompanied them as far as the Antietam battlefield; orders were received this evening to be ready to march at 6 o'clock to-morrow morning; usual drills and dress parade. Wednesday, Oct. 29, 1862. — Morning and evening cool; marched at 10 a. m. through Hagerstown via the Williamsport and Hagerstown pike; we camped one and a half miles southwest of Williamsport this evening. Thursday, Oct. 30, 1862. — We moved our camp this morning and pitched tents; cool and cloudy; we drew rubber blankets to-day; Miss Hannah B. Thompson and Miss Beckie Kepner, of Perryville, Pa., are visitors in Company I to-day. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 129 Williamsport, Md. Friday, Oct. 31, 1862. — We received orders to march at 6.45 this morning; we marched to Boonsborough and went into camp at noon; we received orders this even- ing to march at 6.30 o'clock to-morrow morning; we were mustered for pay; evening cool. Saturday, Nov. i, 1862. — Up at 5 o'clock this morning; marched at sunrise, and crossed South Mountain by the Hager.stown and Frederick pike, passed through Burketsville and Petersville and camped near Berlin at 3 p. M. ; some firing was heard over in rebeldom. Sunday, Nov. 2, 1862. — Inspection at 9 A. M. ; Sergeant C. Dale and two others were detailed to go to Harrisburg for some recruits for our regiment; orders were re- ceived this evening to march, but were countermanded; there was some firing over in Virginia this morning. 000 Berlin, Md. Monday, Nov. 3, 1862. — We marched at 6 o'clock this morning, and crossed the Potomac river at Berlin on pontoon bridges, passing by Lovetsville; we marched about thirteen miles and camped in the woods at 5 P. M. ; Sergeant Thompson, of Company I, received his commission this evening. Tuesday, Nov. 4, 1862. — We marched at 6 A. M. and camped near Union, af- ter marching about twelve miles; firing was heard in the distance; we passed the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps; on our march to-day we passed through Percilville. Wednesday, Nov. 5, 1862. — We marched at 6 A. M. and camped some place on the sacred soil of Virginia, after marching about fifteen miles; some firing in front; we marched in double column. 000 White Plains, Va. Thursday, Nov. 6, 1862. — We laid in biviouac until 2 p. m., when we packed up, marched about six miles and camped in the woods. Friday, Nov. 7, 1862. — We again marched at 7 o'clock this morning, and this evening are camped at White Plains, near the depot; a train of cars passed over the road to-day, the first for some time. Saturday, Nov. 8, 1862. — Inxamp at White Plains; snowing all day and cold as blazes; a large detail is out on picket; there is a report in camp that General Mc- Clellan has been relieved of his command and that Burnside takes his place; if so, the next thing we hear will be the Army of the Potomac skedaddling towards Washing- ton; the above is from one diary, and represents the feelings of many of the boys to- ward our "Little Mac." The following is General McClellan's farewell address to the Army of the Poto- mac: Headquarters Army of the Potomac, ) Camp near Rectortown, Va., Nov. 7, 1862. | Officers and Soldiers of the Army of the Potomac: An order of the President devolves upon Major General Burnside the command of this Army. In parting from you I cannot express the love and gratitude I bear to you. As an army you have grown up under my care. In you I have never found doubt or coldness. The battles you have fought under my command will live in our nation's history. The glory you have achieved, our mutual perils and fatigues, the graves of our comrades fallen in battle and by disease, the broken forms of those whom wounds J 30 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. and sickness have disabled — the strongest associations which can exist among men — unite us still by an indissoluble tie. We shall ever be comrades in supporting the Constitution of our country and the nationality of its people. Geo. B. McClellan, Major General U. S. A. 000 New Baltimore, fid. Sunday, Nov. 9, 1862. — Marched at 7 A. M., and, after proceeding eight or ten miles, camped near New Baltimore; some of our brigade pickets did not get into camp until about 9 P. M. ; some firing is heard in the distance. The following orders were issued to-day: Headquarters Army of the Potomac, | Warrenton, Va., Nov. 9, 1862. j General Orders No. i : In accordance with General Orders No. 182, issued by the President of the United States, I hereby assume command of the Army of the Potomac. Patriotism and the exercise of my every energy in the direction of this army, aided by the full and hearty co-operation of its officers and men, will, I hope, under the blessing of God, ensure its success. Having been a sharer of the privations and a witness of the bravery of the old Army of the Potomac in the Maryland campaign, and fully identified with them in their feeling of respect and esteem for General McClellan, entertained through a long and most friendly association with him, I feel that it is not as a stranger that I assume their command. To the Ninth corps, so long and intimately associated with me, I need say noth- ing; our histories are identical. With diffidence for myself, but with a proud confidence in the unswerving loyalty and determination of the gallant army now entrusted to my care, I accept its control with the steadfast assurance that the just cause must prevail. A. E. BURNSIDE, Major General Commanding. Monday, Nov. 10, 1862. — Our (Smith's) division made a reconnoitering expe- dition under light marching orders back to White Plains, but met none of the enemy; our march to-day was about twenty miles; we were back in camp at 5 P. M. ; General McClellan reviewed some of the troops to-day for the last time. Tuesday, Nov. 11, 1862. — We are in camp to-day, and this is the first quiet day we have had for some time; we hear that General McClellan has been removed from command of the army, to date Nov. 7, 1862; we heard heavy firing on our right this evening. Wednesday, Nov. I2, 1862. — We are still in camp near New Baltimore and about five miles from Warrenton; this was a very nice day, but this evening is cloudy; everything quiet along the line; Lieutenant Mitchel and Captain Parker, of Hancock's staff, visited camp this evening. Thursday, Nov. 13, 1862. — We are still in camp; everything is quiet; we have received no mail since we left Berhn; dress parade this evening; some cannonading is heard in the distance. Friday, Nov. 14, 1862. — General inspection this morning; dress parade this evening; clothing has been issued to the regiment, as the weather is very cold. . The following orders were issued to-day: Headquarters Army of the Potomac, ) Near Warrenton, Va., Nov. 14, 1862. j General Order No. 184. I. The organization of a portion of this army in three grand divisions is hereby announced. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 131 These grand divisions will be formed and commanded as follows : The Second and Ninth corps will form the Right Grand Division, and will be commanded by Major General E. V. Sumner. The First and Sixth corps will form the Left Grand Division, and will be com- manded by Major General W. B. Franklin. The Third and Fifth corps will form the Centre Grand Division, and will be com- manded by Major General Joseph Hooker. The Eleventh Corps, with such other troops as may hereafter be assigned to it, will constitute a reserve force under the command of Major General F. Sigel. Assignments of cavalry and further details will be announced in future orders. II. In accordance with instructions from the war department, the commanders of these grand divisions will have power to decide such questions relating to the in- terior management of their commands as are now forwarded to these headquarters for final action. Major General Sigel will exercise all the powers in respect to his command above assigned as the commanders of grand divisions. Those cases which can only be decided by the departments at Washington they will forward directly to those departments, without reference to these headquarters. All matters relating to movements of troops, together with returns, reports, etc., will be forwarded to these headquarters as usual. III. The commanders of these grand divisions will retain with them their re- spective staffs. IV. The senior officers of the Second, Third, Fifth and Sixth corps will take the command of these corps and will forward to these headquarters a list of recom- mendations of officers to fill their staffs. V. Brigadier General S. Williams, assistant adjutant general, is appointed in- spector general of the adjutant general's department in this army. Lieutenant Col- onel James A. Hardie, A. D. C, acting assistant adjutant general, will act as assist- ant inspector general in the same department. VI. The heads of the various staff departments at these headquarters other than the adjutant general's department will remain as heretofore until further orders. VII. Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Richmond, assistant adjutant general, is an- nounced as assistant adjutant general at these headquarters. VIII. All orders conflicting with this are hereby rescinded. By command of Major General Burnside: S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant General. o o o Stafford County, Va. Saturday, Nov. 15, 1862. — We are still in camp, but have orders to march at 7 o'clock to-morrow morning; dress parade this evening; some firing on our right was heard this morning. Sunday, Nov. i6, 1862. — We marched at 8 o'clock this morning; the Forty- ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers and Fifth Wisconsin were rear guard for our division; we passed through New Baltimore and at 7 p. m. went into camp between Bristow's and Cattle's Station, on the Orange and Alexander Railroad, after marching about eighteen miles; Colonel Irwin left for Pennsylvania. Monday, Nov. 17, 1862. — We marched at 6.30 this morning, and after tramp- ing about fifteen miles we camped in a cosy spot among the pines in Stafford county, Va. ; Captain Davidson and Lieutenant McClellan resigned and left for home. Tuesday, Nov. 18, I862. — We marched at 7 o'clock this morning over heavy roads and thick timber; we forded Aquia creek about eight miles from Aquia Creek 132 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Landing and camped on the banks of the Beaver Dam Creek stream ; Staftord Court House is about five miles away, and the same distance from the Potomac river; al[ is quiet in our rear today, and it seems we have left the rebels in our rear. Wednesday, Nov. 19, 1862. — The roads are in a terrible condition, and we re- mained in camp all day; it is misting rain all day, and very disagreeable. Thursday, Nov. 20, 1862. — Day cloudy and rain; Sergeant Dale, of Company G, returned to camp at 2 p. m. ; he had some difficulty getting to the army on ac- count of the dock at Aquia Creek being burned; the roads are getting worse; thun- der and lightning all day, and still raining this evening; many of the boys are think- ing of home far away. 000 Stafford Court House, Va. Friday, Nov. 21, 1862. — Cool and raining; usual details for camp duties; all quiet in camp; dress parade this evening; Samuel Phillips, of Company H, started for home. Saturday, Nov. 22, 1862. — Cool and cloudy; Sergeant Dale commenced clerk- ing for the adjutant this morning; there are no rations, and many of the boys are out stealing hogs, sheep, cattle and anything they can find to eat; the Forty- ninth don't often get left when there is duty of this kind to perform. Sunday, Nov. 23, 1862. — Usual details for camp duties; the sun js shining; one of Company I's corporals wrote in his diary that he took a walk into the country for exercise, but he meant chickens. Monday, Nov. 24, 1862. — Nothing new in camp; usual camp duties; some of the boys are building up quarters with logs. 000 Stafford County, Va. Tuesday, Nov. 25, 1862.— Morning and noon cool, evening cloudy and raining; usual camp duties. Wednesday, Nov. 26, 1862. — Morning rain, noon cool, evening cold; nothing new in camp; all quiet along the line. Thursday, Nov. 27, 1862. — Cold all day; usual camp duties; all quiet. Friday, Nov. 28, 1862. — Day pleasant; nothing new in camp; all quiet along the line. Saturday, Nov. 29, 1862. — Nothing new except a rumor that we are going to move soon; not so cold as yesterday; fixing up quarters. Sunday, Nov. 30, 1862. — Morning cold and frosty, noon warm ; usual camp du- ties; inspection this morning. Monday, Dec. i, 1862. — Morning frosty, noon and evening cloudy and windy; orders this evening to get ready to move; some firing is heard in the distance. Tuesday, Dec. 2, 1862. — Morning frosty, noon moderate, evening cool; we re- ceived orders at 8 A. M. to strike tents and make preparations to move, but at 10 A. M. the orders were countermanded; some changes in camp were made, and tents were pitched again; boys put in the afternoon fixing up their tents. 000 Near Brook's Station, Va. Wednesday, Dec. 3, 1862. — Cloudy and cold all day; we spent the day in camp; orders were received this evening to march to-morrow at sunrise; detail for brigade guard from the regiment for to-morrow, HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 133 Thursday, Dec. 4, 1862. — Brigade guard left camp at 5 A. M. ; regiment marched and is rear guard of our division ; camped about two miles below Brook's Station at 8 p. M. ; brigade guard joined the regiment about 11 A. m. , but had to re- port at brigade headquarters this evening for duty. Friday, Dec. 5, 1862. — -Moved camp into a pine woods; it commenced raining at 9 A. M. and at 3 p. M. it commenced to snow; very cold and wet this evening. Saturday, Dec. 6, 1862. — Orders at 8 A. m. to march at 8.30 a. m.; we marched about ten miles southeast towards the Rapahannock river and went into camp at 2. 30 p. M. ; the snow was about four inches deep this morning ; the cold weather and the muddy roads tried our best and strongest men. Sunday, Dec. 7, 1862. — ^Morning cold and frosty; moved about one-half mile into oak timber; baggage train came up this morning; the roads are frozen solid; we are in the midst of winter here, and the snow is four inches deep; we have been out of rations since yesterday, and it is reported that our wagon train is frozen in the mud. Henry Minnichan, of Company I, stole his supper from a horse- — an ear of corn. It is reported that six men of our division froze last night. Monday, Dec. 8, 1862. — Morning frosty and cold all day; boys spent most of the day in firing up our quarters; we received one ration of hard tack and two of coffee and sugar this evening, the first since Saturday; we wonder if General Washington ever had worse marches than we are having. Tuesday, Dec. 9, 1862. — Morning frosty and cold all day; we received three days' rations this morning; orders this evening to be ready to march at 8 o'clock to- morrow morning. 000 Fredericksburg, Va. Wednesday, Dec. 10, 1862. — Morning cold and frosty, noon and evening mod- erate; marching orders were countermanded this morning; orders this evening to march to-morrow morning at 8 o'clock; orders were given later to march at 5 o'clock in the morning. Thursday, Dec. 11, 1862. — Morning cold; left camp at 5 o'clock this morning and marched south to the Rapahannock river, below Fredericksburg. We lay in line of battle all day near the pontoon bridge that was being put across the river. Artillery firing continued all day. Our troops commenced crossing the river this evening. We were taken back about one mile from the river and camped in the woods. While we lay down near the bridge Samuel Heffner and George Wells, of Company D, started to the house near the river with several canteens for water. They had hardly reached the pump until the rebel pickets on the other side of the river opened fire on them. Our battery at once opened on the rebel pickets. Heff- ner and Wells were between the fire and they laid down. Our artillerymen wanted them to go back. Oh, no! They didn't want any water now from that well. Friday, Dec. 12, 1862. — Reveille sounded at 4 o'clock this morning; we marched at 8 A. M. and crossed the river on the lower pontoon bridge, about one mile below Fredericksburg at 9 A. m. ; we marched down the river about one-half mile to the large stone house and formed line of battle; Companies A, D, G and I of our Regi- ment was sent to the right of our division to support a battery; there was some artil- lery firing and skirmishing between infantry and the rebel cavalry; our line of battle was out at the plank road, one-half mile from the river, battery on raise of ground across tlie road; the rebel line of battle was one-fourth mile in front; Company A on the skirmish line was relieved this afternoon by Company G. Saturday, Dec. 13, 1862. — The four companies were relieved from guarding the battery at 7 o'clock and rejoined our regimant; cannonading and skirmishing all fore- noon, and at noon the cannonading and musketry became general; the rebels are be- 134 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. ing driven on ihe left by the Pennsylvania Reserves; our part of the line has advanced to the road about a quarter of a mile; our battery is across the road in our front on a raise of ground and we are supporting it; our position is a good one, we having the embankment along the road to protect us from the enemies' shot and shell from the heighths. We received some heavy shot, but they did no damage to us. We are in the centre, and they attacked our centre. After firing some time, they attempted to charge on our battery in our front, but they were driven back with grape and can- nister. We were disappointed, as our boys were anxious for them to come on, for we knew that as soon as the rebels made their appearance in our front where our bat- tery is now in position they would get all they wanted from our brigade. Many of our boys will recollect of the little incident that happened in our battery. When the rebels were getting close up to the battery one of the men attempted to run back, but the plucky Sergeant of the piece, revolver in hand, made him go back and take his place. "Go, or I will put a ball through your head," said the Sergeant. He went back. Our boys cheered the Sergeant. This evening the troops on the left have fell back . They could not hold the ground, and we could not leave our position to assist them. Burnside's troops are marching to their assistance past us, but oh! they are slow. Some of our boys went to their ranks to learn what troops they were, and did some swearing to their officers because they were not moving faster to help the Pennsylvania Reserves. We are out of rations. The loss in our division is about thirty, in our regiment one. George A. McClellan, of Company A, was hurt by a shell, which came from the heights and covered him all over with dirt. Captain Miles ordered the Pioneers to dig a grave quickly, but the injured man soon revived, and was still living in 1898. Sunday, Dec. 14, 1862. — Morning cool, pleasant during the day, evening cool; some cannonading was heard this morning; slight skirmishing during the forenoon; afternoon unusually quiet; we are lying in line of battle, still supporting the battery; a flag of truce is up this evening, we think to bury the dead on the left, as we hear our loss is heavy. Monday, Dec. 15, 1862. — Morning warm and cloudy; we were relieved one hour before daylight this morning, and marched back to the river bank, where we lay close to the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers all day; some of our boys spent part of the day with them ; at 8 P. M. we were ordered to pack up and marched down to the pontoon bridge, where troops were crossing; the left wing of our regiment was detailed to guard the bridge while the artillery was crossing; about midnight, after the artillery had crossed, we passed over and joined the right of our regiment, after which we marched back and camped in the woods, about one mile from the river, at 3 o'clock this morning, the i6th. Tuesday, Dec. 16, 1862. — At daylight this morning all the troops are on our side of the river again, and the bridges drawn in and swung around to our shore; it commenced raining at 5 o'clock this morning, but cleared off"by 9 o'clock; we are in camp to-day; at 7 P. M. we were ordered to pack up and march down to the river to support the pickets, but were very agreeably surprised when we learned that the or- der was for the Forty-ninth New York instead of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Vol- unteers; we about faced and marched back to camp again; we think Burnside has been outgeneraled. Wednesday, Dec. 17, 1862. — Morning cold and frosty, noon clear, evening cold and cloudy; our boys spent the day in camp; picket detail started out, but were or- dered back to camp; we have been out of rations just about half the time since Burn- side took command; one of Company D's men had his blanket stolen last night and nearly froze; he went to the colonel to-day and asked for an order to the brigade quar- termaster to draw one, but the colonel refused him an order and said he wouldn't give a damn for a soldier who couldn't get a blanket; scarcely had it gotten dark un- til the colonel was short one blanket. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 135 Near Fredericksburg, Va. Thursday, Dec. i8, 1862. — Cold; orders at daylight for our regiment to go on picket at 9 a. m. ; we marched down to the river, the right wing of the regiment go- ing on post and the left wing being held in reserve until evening, when it relieved the right wing; no firing was heard on the picket line to-day; some of the rebels came down to the river and talked with our boys; some of our boys crossed over in an old row boat, talked with the rebels awhile and then came back. Friday, Dec. 19, 1802. — Our regiment was relieved from picket duty at 10 a. M., and we marched back to our old camp that we left one week ago yesterday (Dec. 11), near White Oak Church, arriving in camp at 3 p. m; pleasant during the day, evening windy and cold; the Forty-third New York has taken our old quarters, and we took the next best. Saturday, Dec. 20, 1862. — Quiet cold all day; the boys are nearly all in camp to-day firing up quarters to keep warm. 000 Near White Oak Church, Va. Sunday, Dec. 21, 1862. — Cold; regimental inspection at 10 A. M. ; some of Company G's boys went over to 45th and 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers after in- spection and stopped with them (148th) over night; all is quiet to-day along the Rapahannock. Monday, Dec. 22, 1862. — It is moderating; nothing new in camp; Sergeant Dale arrived in camp at 4 p. m. from the 45th and 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers; our camp is about two and half miles from Belle Plaine Landmg, five miles from Fredericksburg, five miles from Falmouth and one'mile from White Oak Church. Tuesday, Dec. 23, 1862. — Morning and evening cool; squad drill this morning and same this afternoon. Wednesday, Dec. 24, 1882. — Day pleasant, and the boys are putting up quar- ters; squad drill this morning, and for a change we had squad drill again this after- noon; the boys are talking about the turkey dinners that will be eaten in camp to- morrow (few and far between). 000 White Oak Church. Thursday, Dec. 25, 1862. — Warm and pleasant; this is Christmas; no turkey dinners for us ; we are satisfied with [hard tack and pork ; there was no drilling to- day; one diary says "dry as a Lord; had my cap set last night and got it full ; officers nearly all drunk at headquarters;" such was nearly always the case on wet or holidays. Friday, Dec. 26, 1862. — Morning frosty, but pleasant during the day; squad drill morning and afternoon ; the boys are working on their winter quarters. Saturday, Dec. 27, 1862. — Pleasant during the day; usual details for camp duty ; the boys not on duty are putting in the time reading and writing; one diary says "putting a chimney to our house — draws so well that it draws our rations for us;" the following communication from President Lincoln was read in camp to-day: Executive Mansion, ") Washington, Dec. 22, 1862. j To THE Army of the Potomac: I have just read your Commanding General's preHminary report of the battle of Fredericksburg. Although you were not successful, the attempt was not an error, nor the failure other than an accident. The courage with which you, in an open field. 136 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. maintained the contest against an entrenched foe, and the consummate skill and suc- cess with which you crossed and re-crossed the river, in the face of the enemy, show that you possess all the qualities of a great army, which will yet give victory to the cause of the country and of popular government. Condoling with the mourners for the dead, and sympathizing with the severely wounded, I congratulate you that the number of both is comparatively so small. I tender you, officers and soldiers, the thanks of the nation. Abraham Lincoln. Sunday, Dec. 28, 1862. — Morning frosty and cold, but pleasant during the day; a number of the 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers visited our regiment to-day; Solo- mon Dale came this evening and put in the night with Christ. Dale, of Company G; we had company inspection; some heavy firing is heard on our right, but we don't know what it means, and don't care much; some think it is another of Burnside's blunders. Monday, Dec. 29, 1862. — It snowed last night; snow and rain this morning; usual details for camp duty; the boys are sticking to their tents like a lazy louse to the army comb. Tuesday, Dec. 30, 1862. — Morning cool, with some rain this afternoon; we re- ceived orders to be ready to march at twelve hours' notice, with three days' cooked rations in our haversacks; also, have orders for inspection and muster at 10 A. m. to-morrow (if we do not move.) Wednesday, Dec. 31, 1862. — Morning cold and cloudy and continued so dur- ing the day; inspection and muster at 10 A. M. The end of the year 1862. God knows how many will see the end of another year. Thursday, Jan. i, 1863. — Morning cold and frosty, but pleasant during the day; many officers are drunk, as usual; our New Year's dinner, as d general thing, is hard tack; Lieutenant Jim Smith is officer of the camp guard and Captain Jim Campbell is officer of the day. Friday, Jan. 2, 1863. — Morning cold and frosty; boys are generally in quarters to-day; guard mount at 9 A. M. Saturday, Jan. 3, 1863. — Day cold and frosty; usual camp duties; a detail is out building a chimney at the regimental hospital; all quiet along the line. Sunday, Jan. 4, 1863. — Pleasant during the day; nothing new in camp; there is some talk among the officers about the consolidation of the regiment; some want all the old companies retained and filled up, while others want them consolidated from ten to four companies. Monday, Jan. 5, 1863. — Day cool and pleasant; nothing new in camp; pickets went out to stay out three days at a time; Lieutenant Swain is officer of camp guard and Captain Freeburn is officer of the day. Tuesday, Jan. 6, 1863. — Morning cold and frosty, afternoon rainy and evening- clear and windy; all quiet along the Rapahannock; pickets went out. Wednesday, Jan. 7, 1863. — Day cold; usual camp duties; all those not on duty are putting in their time in quarters. Thursday, Jan. 8, 1863 — Day cold; nothing unusual going on in camp; pickets came in at noon, the first thing they did was to pitch into Qurgood eating — hog meat and hard tack ; we don' t haul our commissary stores any more, but get in the rear and drive them, the same as the rebels do to us since Burnside is our leader. Friday, Jan. 9, 1863. — Morning cold, noon warm, evening cloudy; there is more talk in camp about the regiment being consolidated, and getting the men placed in the new companies; some of the boys are still working at their coops. Saturday, Jan. 10, 1863. — It is raining to-day, and there is nothing new in camp except the future of the regiment — consolidation, etc. — and cleaning up for inspec- tion; the lice are rather troublesome these last few days, but we are trying to keep them down. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 137 Sunday, Jan. 11, 1863. — Pleasant during the day, but cold this evening; our regiment has been consolidated from ten to four companies, surplus officers and non- commissioned officers to be sent on recruiting service to Pennsylvania; Company G, F and fifteen men from Company D form Company C, with Christ Dale first sergeant; Company K and part of Companies D and C form Company B, with John S. Brat- ton first sergeant; Companies I and H form Company A, with James Wix first ser- geant; Companies A, B and E form Company D, with Jack Russell first sergeant. Headquarters Sixth Army Corps, ) January 9, 1863. j Special Orders No. 8. \_Exiraci. ] 3. In accordance with special orders No. 430, Adjutant General's office, dated Dec. 30, 1862, Colonel W. H. Irwin, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Major J. B. Miles, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and such company officers and non-commissioned officers as are not requisite to fill up the organization of the new companies described in said order, will proceed to Harrisburg, Pa., and report to the Superintendent of Recruiting Service, to recruit for the regiment, until the regiment is recruited. Vacancies occurring among the commissioned officers there will not be filled. By Command of Major General Smith. R. B. Ayers, Assistant Adjutant General. Headquarters First Brigade, Second Division Sixth Army Corps, Jan. ir, 1863; official — signed, H. Keith, Captain and Assistant General. Headquarters Second Division, Sixth Corps, Jan. 11, 1863; official — ^signed, Thos. McGowen, Captain and Assistant Adjutant General. Official — signed, E. D. Smith, Adjutant Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Monday, Jan. 12, 1863. — Recruiting party left for Pennsylvania at 5 o'clock this morning; officers who remain in camp are busy arranging company affairs; morning cold, but pleasant during the day. Tuesday, Jan. 13, 1863. — Cold air all day and evening cloudy; all the conver- sation in camp is about the consolidation, and some are pleased and others dissatis- fied; squad drill to keep the boys out of devilment. Wednesday, Jan. 14, 1863. — Brigade review at 11 A. M. ; returned to camp at 12.30 P. M. ; morning cold, noon warm and evening windy. Thursday, Jan. 15, 1863. — Nothing new in camp; day is cold; most of the regi- ment are on picket; all quiet along the Rapahannock. Friday, Jan. 16, 1863. — Day cold; the boys are housed up to day; orders were received this evening to be ready to march to-morrow morning with three days' ra- tions and sixty rounds of ammunition; L. Mauger, R. McClellan and Captain Dewitt started home; it was raining when they left camp. Saturday, Jan. 17, 1863. — Marching orders are postponed until Monday morn- ing at an early hour; some of our boys visited the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers to-day; cold all day. Sunday, Jan. 18, 1863. — Day cold; usual camp duties; inspection this morning; still under marching orders. Monday, Jan. 19, 1863. — Cold all day; we are waiting for orders to march; we guess Burnside will play "hob" this time; a detail started to the landing with wagons to load commissary stores for our brigade at 7 a. m. and returned at 1 2 p. m. ; James Milliken started for the hospital. Tuesday, Jan. 20, 1863. — Orders to march at 10 A. m. ; marched up the river, passed the camp of the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and at 2 p. m. we went into camp in the wood five miles above Fredericksburg, after marching about twelve miles; cold and cloudy all day, and at 7 p. m. rain is fallino-. 138 HISTORY 49tH PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERS. Wednesday, Jan. 21, 1863. — Raining; all day; roads getting very bad; artillery moving into a field near our camp; some of the gun carriages have eighteen and twenty horses hitched to them; some of our boys awoke this morning and found themselves laying in about three inches of water; we put in the day drying our blan- kets. Thursday, Jan. 22, 1863. — Still raining to-day; orders to pack up this morning and move back to our old camp; ambulances with the sick started, but returned at noon; orders to march are countermanded, and we are still in camp to-night; our three days' rations ran out this evening; the roads are so bad that twenty-four horses could not haul one gun; all quiet and no firing. Friday, Jan. 23, 1863. — Morning and noon cloudy; evening clear; marched for our old camp at 7 a. m. ; came via Falmouth; drew rations at the station at noon, also one ration of whisky; arrived at camp about 3.30 P. m. ; roads very muddy and the march was tiresome; found our quarters full of water; newsboys on horses are selling papers, crying out along the road, "Burnside stuck in the mud," we ain't stuck, but the artillery certainly is. Saturday, Jan. 24, 1863. — The boys spent the day in camp fixing up our quar- ters; morning clear and noon and evening cloudy; pickets went out. Sunday, Jan. 25, 1862. — Day cold; u.sual camp duties and inspection. Monday, Jan. 26, 1863. — Morning and evening cold, noon pleasant; nothing- new in camp; part of the regiment is on picket duty; the pay rolls were taken out to the picket line for the boys to sign; the following order, announcing the appoint- ment of Joseph Hooker as Commander of the Army of the Potomac, was read in camp to-day: Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, [ Camp near Falmouth, Va., Jan. 26, 1862. ) By direction of the President of the United States the undersigned assumes com- mand of the Army of the Potomac. He enters upon the discharge of the duties im- posed by this trust with a just appreciation of their responsibility. Since the forma- tion of this army he has been identified with its history. He has shared with you its glories and reverses with no other desire than that these relations might remain un- changed until its destiny should be accomplished. In the record of your achieve- ments there is much to be proud of, and with the blessing of God we will contribute something to the renown of our arms and the success of our cause. To secure these ends your commander will require the cheerful and zealous co-operation of every of- ficer and soldier in this Army. In equipment, intelligence and valor the enemy is our inferior — let us never hesi- tate to give him battle wherever we can find him. The undersigned only gives expression to the feelings of this Army when he conveys to our late commander. Major General Bnrnside, the most cordial good wishes for his future. My stafl will be announced as soon as organized. Joseph Hooker, Major General Commanding Army of the Potomac. Tuesday, Jan. 27, 1863. — We were paid to-day for July, August, September and October, with stoppage for extra clothing. Wednesday, Jan. 28, 1863.— It snowed all day, and is very muddy and disa- greeable in camp; the boys are all housed up; we have snow thi evening. Thursday, Jan. 29, 1863.— Morning clear; snow is about ten inches deep this morning; sun is shining and snow melting; this evening it is freezing. Friday, Jan. 30, 1863. — Morning cold; moderated during the day; snow melting fast ; evening cloudy ; mud knee deep. Saturday, Jan. 31, 1863. — Morning cloudy; noon warm and snow is melting rapidly; dress parade this evening. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 139 Sunday, Feb. i, 1863. — Brigade inspection this morning; day rather cool. Monday, Feb. 2, 1863. — Snow all gone; boys all glad; morning cool and windy; cool air all day, and cold in camp to-night; pickets went out for three days; detail was for 150 men, but only 100 could be raised. Tuesday, Feb. 3, 1863. — Some snow this morning'; very cold all day; quiet in camp; nearly all the boys are on picket. Wednesday, Feb. 4, 1863. — Cold all day; ground is frozen quite hard; hard day on our pickets; all quiet along the line. Thursday, Feb. 5, 1863. — Snowing and cold this morning; noon moderate; raining hard this evening; Lieutenant Thompson left for Washington. Headquarters Sixth Corps, | In Camp near White Oak Church, Va,, Feb. 5, 1863. ) To the Officers and Soldiers of the Sixth Army Corps: I relinquish command over you in obedience to orders. Your soldierly qualifi- cations make it a high honor to command you, and long months of associations with you make me regret the separation. To my old division I would say, more in memory of our past and longer associ- ations, you will not forget that you were in the advance from Fort Monroe to within sight of the spires of Richmond; that in front of the lines near Yorktown you took and held for days a position within three hundred yards of the enemy; that your valor decided the day at Williamsburg; that in three consecutive days — the 27th, 28th and 29th of June last — you met and repulsed the foe; that on the 17th of Sep- tember you came upon the battlefield to find the enemy advancing on unsupported artillery, and that, rushing upon their lines, you drove them back in confusion, and saved the right wing at the Antietam. With such memories, your future is easily foretold. Wm. F. Smith. Friday, Feb. 6, 1863. — Raining and very muddy, but clear this evening; noth- ing new in camp. Saturday; Feb. 7, 1863. — Pleasant during the day; we are cleaning up our quar- ters to-day. Sunday, Feb. 8, 1863. — Pleasant and warm all day; company inspection this morning; usual camp duties; Lieutenant James T. Stuart left for home to-day on leave of absence. Monday, Feb. 9, 1863. — Pleasant and warm during the day; dress parade this evening; all the mail bags were robbed last night, which caused a great deal of excite- ment. Tuesday, Feb. 10, 1863. — Warm and pleasant in camp; dress parade this even- ing; Hiram McClenehan visited the Mifflin county boys to-day; brigade guard de- tailed; Lieutenant Barr is officer of the guard. Wednesday, Feb. 11, 1863. — Morning cold and cloudy; some snow; moderat- ing at noon, and this evening it is raining; there is some talk of moving our camp. Thursday, Feb. 12, 1863. — Morning and evening cloudy; noon clear; west winds this evening; some rain; regimental inspection at 3 p. M. Friday, Feb. 13, 1863. — Morning cold, but warm during the day; all the men in the regiment not on duty went over into a pine wood to clear off "ground for a new camp, about one mile away, and put up quarters; went out at 10 a. m. and re- turned at 5 p. M. Saturday, Feb. 14, 1863. — Orders after guard mount this morning to form the regiment and go back to work at the new camp; about the time we were ready to start orders came to move; we got ready at once, and by noon we had occupied the new quarters; boys fixed up quarters balance of the day; morning and evening cool and noon warm. Sunday, Feb. 15, 1863. — It commenced raining before daylight this morning; 140 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. boys were up early and put the canvas over our houses before it commenced to rain; we hit it good in moving camp yesterday; evening clear. Monday, Feb. i6, 1863. — Morning cool and clear, but pleasant during the day; boys are still working at their quarters; detail for brigade guard to-day. Tuesday, Feb. 17, 1863. — Snowing all day; all the men in the regiment are on picket except the camp guard that came off to-day and those that went on camp guard and sick men; Captain Fret-burn is officer of the picket. Wednesday, Feb. 18, 1863. — Forenoon cloudy and rain this afternoon. Thursday, Feb. 19, 1863. — Lieutenant Stuart, adjutant, returned to the regi- ment this evening; he has been home on a leave of absence. Friday, Sept. 20, 1863. — Pickets came in this morning; day cool and windy. Saturday, Feb. 21, 1863. — Morning cold, noon warm and pleasant; commenced raining at 9 P. M. ; Lieutenant HilanJs visited Jacob Cramer in the 131th Pennsylva- nia Volunteers; roads are very muddy. Sunday, Feb. 22, 1863. — The snow is about eight inches deep this morning and it has been storming nearly all day; the boys are keeping in their quarters; there is a detail for brigade guard to-day; this is Washington's birthday, and salutes are be- ing fired in every direction. Monday, Feb. 23, 1863. — Morning cold; at noon it is moderating and the snow is melting; evening cold, and the boys are still housed up; the officers at the head- quarters of the regiment are full of Jamaica ginger or something else, and they are having a good deal of fun. Tuesday, Feb. 24, 1863. — Cold this morning, but at noon it is moderating; the officers are making out muster rolls this afternoon. Wednesday, Feb. 25, 1863.— Rained this forenoon and cold this evening; usual camp duties; all quiet along the Rapahannock. Thursday, Feb. 26, 1863. — Cloudy this afternoon; nothing new in camp; rained like all sixty this morning; all quiet along the lines. Friday, Feb. 27, 1863. — Regiment was inspected to-day; officers are making out muster rolls. Saturday, Feb. 28, 1863. — Regiment was mustered for pay by Col. Hulings; usual camp duties and policing of the parade ground. Sunday, March i, 1863. — It rained this morning, but cleared off about 8 a. m. ; this is the prettiest day of the season. Monday, March 2, 1863. — This is a very pretty day; nothing of importance oc- curring. Tuesday, March 3, 1863. — This day is decidedly like spring; nothing new in camp; many of the boys are walking out looking at the different camps. Wednesday, March 4, 1863. — Cold this morning; three days' pickets went out. Thursday, March 5, 1863. — Cold this morning; usual camp duties; all quiet along the line. Friday, March 6, 1863. — Cold, with the appearance of rain; the usual camp duties. Saturday, March 7, 1863. — Pickets were relieved about 10 A. M. ; many of the boys are getting boxes by express from home, containing good things to eat. Sunday, March 8, 1863. — Nothing new in camp; usual Sunday morning inspec- tion; day is fair. Monday, March 9, 1863.— Day beautiful; usual camp duties, policeing the camp, cleaning up quarters, etc. Tuesday, March 10, 1863.— Commenced to snow about daylight and continued all day; not very cold; regimental inspection at 2 p. m. ; we have orders to get ready to move. Wednesday, March 11, 1863. — Snowed and rained all last night; clear to-day; Captain Wakefield returned to the regiment to-day. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 141 Thursday, March 12, 1863. — Brigade guard went out to-day; Lieutenant Jim Smith is officer of the guard. Friday, March 13, 1863. — Cold all day; usual camp duties; dress parade this evening; snow to-day. Saturday, March 14, i8rt3. — Cold all day; company drill at 11 A. m. ; boys are in quarters firing up; Company A is busy building a cook house. Sunday, March 15, 1863. — Morning cold, noon cloudy; company inspection this forenoon and brigade guard; we had a thunder storm, with sleet. Monday, March 16, 1863. — Morning cold and cloudy; evening clear; no drilling to-day; brigade guard was relieved. Tuesday, March 17, 1863. — Cold this morning; skirmish drill this morning; all quiet along the line. Wednesday, March 18, 1863. — Cold and cloudy; company drill this morning and skirmish drill this afternoon. Thursday, March 19, 1863. — Cold all day; review of the division at 10 o'clock this morning. Friday, March 20, 1863. — It snowed this morning and is cold this afternoon; no drill to-day; our regiment was transferred to the Third brigade. First division, to- day; from First brigade, First division; Major Miles returned to the regiment. Saturday, March 21, 1863. — Snowed this morning and rained this afternoon; also stormed, and the boys were housed up all day. Sunday, March 22, 1863. — Morning cloudy, noon and evening pleasant; com- pany inspection at 10 this morning; Sergeant Ketner and Colonel Irwin returned to camp this evening; they had been home on leave of absence. Monday, March 23, 1863. — Morning cold, pleasant during the day; we had squad and company drill this morning and skirmish drill this afternoon; Mr. Hutch- inson, father of Captain Hutchinson, visited camp to-day. Tuesday, March 24, 1863. — Morning cold, noon cloudy, evening raining; squad drill this morning; we received orders this morning for brigade inspection to-morrow morning at 11 o'clock; the boys this afternoon are preparing camp, quarters and equipments for inspection. Wednesday, March 25, 1863. — Morning cold and cloudy, noon warm, evening cool; company inspection at g A. m. and regimental inspection at 11 a. m. ; no drills to-day. Thursday, March 26, 1863. — Rain in the morning, then we had a snow storm; at noon it breaks off and by evening it is clear; company drill this morning and skir- mish drill this afternoon. Friday, March 27, 1863 — Cool during the day; company drill this morning and company and skirmish drill under the supervision of the colonel this afternoon. Saturday, March 28, 1863. — Raining all day; boys not on duty are housed up; evening clear and cool. Sunday, March 29, 1863. — Cold all day; company inspection at 10 A. M. ; boys are, as a general thing, in quarters to-day. Monday, March 30, 1863. — Morning cold, but it has moderated this afternoon; Company drill this morning at 10 o'clock; the remainder of the day was given up to washing, but on account of the rain on Saturday the clothes would not dry; we see in the papers to-day that the rebels have evacuated Richmond, but we are too old to believe any thing of the kind. Tuesday, March 31, 1863. — Rain and snow until the middle of the afternoon; evening clear and cool; no drilling to-day. Wednesday, April i, 1863. — Cold all day; company drill this morning and bat- talion drill this afternoon; Sergeant C. Cale, of Company G, is quite ill, but remained in quarters; dress parade this evening. 142 HISTORY 4gTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Thursday, April 2, 1863. — We had company drill this morning; target practice from 11 until 12 A. m. ; battalion drill this afternoon; cold and windy all day. Friday, April 3, 1863. — Morning cold, but moderated during the day; division review by General Hooker at 11 A. M. , near White Oak Church. Saturday, April 4, 1863. — Cold and windy all day, evening storming and snow- ing; no drill to day; many of the boys are washing and cleaning up quarters; dress parade at 5 p. m. Sunday, April 5, 1863. — Snowing this morning and continued until 9 A. M. ; cold and windy all forenoon ; we had five inches of snow, but the snow is melting this evening, and it has cleared off; the boys, except them on duty, spent the day in quarters; Lieutenant A. T. Hilands has been granted a ten-day leave of absence. Monday, April 6, 1863. — Cold all day; company drill this afternoon; we have orders this evening for review, with orders to leave camp at 5 o'clock to-morrow morning. Tuesday, April 7, 1863. — Cold and windy all day; we started for review at 8 A. M. and marched over to White Oak Church, when the orders were countermanded and we returned home; orders for review to-morrow morning at 11 o'clock. Wednesday, April 8, 1863. — Cold and cloudy all day; we left camp at 8 A. m. and marched to the review ground near Falmouth, via White Oak Church; we were reviewed by the President of the United States at 11.30 A. M., the whole corps be- ing on review ; we returned to camp at 2 p. m. ; there was no dress parade this even- ing. Thursday, April 9, 1863. — Morning cold, afternoon pleasant; company drill this morning; our quarters were inspected to-day. Friday, April 10, 1863. — Company drill from 9 till 10 A. M. ; dress parade this afternoon. Saturday, April 11, 1863. — Morning cool, but pleasant during the day; our regi- ment was mustered at 9 A. m., as required by order from the war department, to ascerta'n the number of men required to fill the regiment; general inspection at noon to-day; brigade dress parade. Sunday, April 12, 1863. — Morning cool and pleasant; afternoon cloudy; rain in the evening; preaching in camp at 10 o'clock this morning; dress parade at White Oak Church this evening; orders for the regiment to go on picket to-morrow with three days' rations. Monday, April 13, 1863 — We left camp for picket at 10 A. M. and arrived at the line at noon; pleasant all day and evening cool. Tuesday, April 14, 1863. — Morning cool and a heavy frost, noon warm and evening cloudy; orders in camp to be ready to march at 8 o'clock to morrow morn- ing with eight days' rations; still on picket. Wednesday, April 15, 1863. — Commenced raining at 4 o'clock this morning and rained all day; marching orders countermanded; evening cool and cloudy; Lieut- enant Hiland, who had been home for ten days, returned to-day. Thursday, April 16, 1863. — Morning cold, but clearing off; evening cloudy; the regiment was relieved from picket at noon to-day by the Sixteenth New Jersey regi- ment. Friday, April 17, 1863. — Morning cloudy, afternoon and evening clear; brigade dresfs parade at White Oak Church this evening. Saturday, April 18, 1863. — Pleasant during the day ; company inspection at 8.30 o'clock this morning; division review at 11 A. M. ; brigade dress parade this evening at White Oak Church; S. S , under guard, returned to the regiment to-night; he has been absent eight months; Frank Chaney, of Company B, died to-day; he was formerly of old Company C. Sunday, April 19, 1863. — Pleasant during the day; preaching in camp at 11 A. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 143 M. ; company inspection this morning and brigade dress parade this evening; Frank Chaney's body was sent home to-day. Monday, April 20, 1863. — Raining to day; pay roils were signed; nothing new; Robert Aston, of Company B, died last night, and his body was sent to Falmouth to- day en route home; O. S. Ruraberger and Lewis Carter made the coiiftn; the awk- ward squad had drill to-day. Tuesday, April 21, 1863. — Cool and cloudy; company drill this morning; battal- ion drill this afternoon and brigade dress parade this evening; Captain Quigley is offi- cer of the day ; the boys are looking for the paymaster. Wednesday, April 22, 1863. — Cool and cloudy during the day; brigade dress parade, and it is raining this evening; we were paid this evening for November, De- cember, January and February, and the boys have plenty of money now. Thursday, April 23, 1863. — Rained all day; no drills to-day; some of the boys are sending money home; Captain Freeburn is officer of the day. Friday, April 24, 1863. — Morning cold and windy; afternoon stormy and rain- ing; nothing new in camp; Lieutenant Swain is officer of the day; dress parade this evening. Saturday, April 25, 1863. — Morning cool and windy, but rather pleasant during the day; boys are preparing for inspection to-morrow; Captain Quigley is officer of the day. Sunday, April 26, 1863. — Company inspection at 8 A. m. and monthly inspec- tion by brigade inspector at 9 A. M ; preaching in camp at 11 A. M. by the Rev. Stephens; pleasant during the day; Lieutenant Sherwood is officer of the day. Monday, April 27, 1863. — Company drill this morning, battalion drill this after- noon and brigade dress parade this evening; eight days' rations were issued this evening, with orders to march at daylight in the morning; Captain Freeburn is officer oi the day. Tuesday, April 28, 1863. — Morning cloudy, afternoon rain. We packed up and were ready to move this morning. At 3 this afternoon we marched toward the Rapahannock river, nearly opposite Fredericksburg, and camped about a mile and a half from the river at 6 p. m. At ii o'clock to-night we were ordered to pack up, and marched down to the river. We understand our (Russell) brigade is assigned|to charge across the river in pontoon boats and take possession of the rebel rifle pits on the opposite shore. General Pratt's light division and Colonel Shaler's brigade of Howe's division, all of the Sixth Corps, and all under command of General Burham, are dragging forty pontoon boats down to the river near the shore, and leaving them at intervals of about twenty feet. A little Irishman in the Sixth' Maine remarked, "A d — d pretty piece of business for the Sixth Maine to be carrying heavy pontoon boats for the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers." Each boat was capable of car. rying fifty men. Later our brigade received orders to cross, and we got into posi- tion to be ready to step into the boats as soon as they were put into the water. Everything was quiet. The Fiftieth New York Engineers were assigned to row us across, four men to each boat. The Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers' position was on the right. The night being close and sultry, there was a very heavy fog along the river. We rested while awaiting orders, but there was no sleep to-night. Many remarks were made as to would reach the opposite shore, who would be shot and who would go overboard into the river, and all wondering whether the rebels were aware of what was transpiring about one hundred yards in their front. 144 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Fredericksburg, Va. Wednesday, April 29, 1863. — Just at the peep of day we quietly slid our boats into tlie water, and they were at once filled with Russell's brigade. We quietly pushed off. The river was covered with a dense fog, so that we could not see the opposite shore, but when we reached the middle of the stream we discovered the rebel pickets on the bank. They rallied opposite our regiment. Our regiment being on the right, we had more room for our boats, and were the first to land. The rebels fell back to the first bench, about one hundred yards, and opened fire on us while we were forming into line of battle. Colonel Irwin had not taken ten steps to the left, after he had gotten up into the field, until he was wounded in the leg. Captain Wm. B. Freeburn, of Company B, now reaches the top of the bank, but did not take five steps until he was badly wounded. Corporal Moser Cresswell, of old F and C, and Thomas Harleman, of Company D, were also wounded. Some of the boys now ran to a house fifty yards away and captured the officer of the picket and several pri- vates, who had been sleeping. Some of the troops on our side of the river began fir- ing over our heads (we yell to them to fire higher). Now a rebel officer appears, mounted, on the raise of ground one hundred yards away. He halts suddenly, sur- prised to see the Yanks on their side of the river. Billy White, of Company B, ran out about twenty paces and raised his gun in position to shoot. General Russel just got up into the field in time to yell: "My man, don't shoot!'' White knew the voice and obeyed orders. As he walked back into the ranks he said, "Damn him; I wish he would have let me shoot; I think I would have hit the s b." Gen- eral Russell was in the boat with Company A, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was slow getting across. Other boats floated down against them, and Orlando C. Beck jumped out of the boat in water up to his waist and pulled the boat to the shore, so the General could get out quick. Colonel Irwin was in the boat with Com- pany B, on the right, and the first to land. We all squatted down in the boat, ex- cept the Colonel, who stood up like a mast, and in his hurry to get out stepped into the water up to his waist. One of Company B's boys jumped out of the boat and swam back to our shore (skedaddled). For this act he had his head shaved and served out his time at Dry Tortugas. Soon we threw out skirmishers and advanced at once about half way to the road, where we formed our line last December. There was some firing between the skirmishers to-day, our line and that of the rebels being quite close. The rebels have a heavy line of battle in our front. The pontoon bridge is laid across the river out of our boats. Our regiment was relieved this after- noon at 4 o'clock, and at 6 p. m. we are camped close to the river. We have a detail of fifty men out to-night working on entrenchments. We commenced to for- tify our front this evening after dark. This morning was cloudy, and rain fell this afternoon; evening clear. Thursday, April 30, 1863. — Raining this morning; we are laying in bivouac all day; heavy cannonading on our left this afternoon; some cannonading on the right; it is reported that General Hooker is in the rear of the rebels, about twenty miles to our right, with the Third Army corps; infantry are all laying pretty quiet to-day along our front; the rebels still hold the road; orders this evening to sleep with equipments on; orders at 11 o'clock to-night to strike tents and pack up, but did not leave our position; mustered for pay to-day. Friday, May i, 1863. — Orders at daybreak this morning to fall in and stack arms, holding ourselves in readiness to fall in at any moment; heavy cannonading on the right some twenty miles away; all is quiet along our front, except slight skirmish- ing occasionally; at 5 P. M. we were called into line and stood about one hour, then the light division of our corps came over the river and relieved us; we hardly know what to think to-night, for the rebels are cheering and our bands went up to the front and'played; rnorning cloudy and warm during the day. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 145 Saturday, May 2, 1863. — We packed up again eady this morning and moved forward under the crest of the raise of ground near the river bank, where we re- mained all day, ready to support the line; there has been heavy skirmishing all day, and a good many belonging to our corps were wounded; our skirmishers advanced this afternoon and had a brisk fight with the enemy's skirmishers, but drove them back; our line of battle was advanced beyond the road which the enemy held this morning; our regiment moved forward towards the line of battle this evening; heavy cannonading on the right all day; we hear that the fight is at or near Chancellors- ville, and all our army is there except the Sixth corps. Sunday, May 3, 1863. — We took arms before daylight this morning; our bri- gade is kept back on the reserve; fighting commenced a little to our right at Freder- icksburg about 10 A, M. ; the light division is doing hard fighting between the town and the heights; the rebels are very stubborn and are contesting every inch of ground, but are slowly going back; about 2 p. m. a general advance is made; now the fight- ing is fearful, but back, back goes the rebel lines; our eyes are on the Sixth Maine regiment near the brick house; they have captured the rebels' artillery, after a hand to hand encounter, and have driven the rebels over a hill from our view; on the ex- treme right at a fort our skirmishers go into the fort, and we saw them jump down into the ditch in front, then up over the walls into the fort; they came out again into the field, formed and advanced into the fort a second time; this time they stayed, and soon the light division headquarters flag was planted on the fort; we feel good, and are now satisfied that the old Sixth corps has taken the town and Mauries' heights ; our regiment has been left back near the pontoon bridge for fear the rebels would come up from the left and capture it, but during this fighting we are halted near the town in supporting distance and are moved rapidly along; our corps has lost heavily in killed and wounded, but the old Sixth corps is not yet satisfied, and they make the rebels move on, and for about four miles towards Salem Church we drive them helter skelter; our regiment moved on as fast as possible to their support, but did not get up to them until evening at Salem Church; just before dark the Ninety-fifth Penn- sylvania Volunteers and the One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers made a charge; the rebels have made a stand; our regiment was sent on to the skir- mish line, left in front; it is dark, and we hear the wounded moaning in every direc- tion, but don't know whether they are rebels or our men; the writer is out as vidette for twelve men of Company B, in command of Sergeant John S. Bratton; we are at a house on the extreme left of our line, and the rebels are close by, perhaps not twenty paces in our front; a ravine separates us from the rest of the regiment on our right; no sleep for any of us to-night; we are very anxious to know what is in our front and how far in front; cannonading and infantry firing on our right at Chancellorsville was very heavy this morning; just before we joined the brigade the One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers were getting back to reform; we met them on the road, and asked Colonel Elmaker where his regiment was; his answer was, "All gobbled up;" his voice was coarse and sounded very funny; we have ' 'gobbled up' ' for a by-word now. 000 Salem Church, Va. Monday, May 4, 1863. — Very heavy cannonading and musketry firing on the right this morning, and about noon the rebels attacked our skirmish line; we have orders to lay down and fire, and all do so but Billy White, of Company B; many of the boys hollowed at him to lay down or he would get punched, but he paid no at- tention and stood up and fired; a herd of cattle is between our skirmish line and the rebels, and it was very amusing to see them run and bellow, first to the right, then to the left, with tails straight out; soon we drive the rebels from the field back into the 146 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. woods, from whence they came; we hold our position; the Vermont brigade, a little to our right, made a charge, and drove the rebels from the field back into the woods to the church; the rebels are being reinforced in our front from Chancellors ville, and we see them coming before they form into line of battle; a company of the Thirty- seventh Massachusetts are now sent to support our twelve men; the writer talked very short to the officer in command in regard to firing, as he did not know what was best; he threatened to report me to General Russell, and I told him to "report and be d — d." Some one took my place as vidette and I went over on the right to see Captain Sherwood. He had a part of a Continental uniform on that he got in the White House here and looked comical. He took me upstairs to look at our men coming in from Chancellorsville. He thought they were our men, and I took his glass and discovered otherwise. I said, "By God, Sherwood, you will soon find out who they are; you had better post the boys that the rebels are coming, for we will have some hard work before night." Things went easy on our part of the line until evening. We now hear firing in the direction of Fredericksburg, and learn that the rebels are trying to retake Fredericksburg and the heights, but are being repulsed. It seems from the firing that the I'ebels are on both flanks of our Sixth corps and are closing in on us, and we have all we can do to hold them back. The rebels are massing on the Sixth corps' front, and the firing at Chancellorsville has ceased. Our flanks are being hard pressed and are slowly falling back, but contesting every inch of ground. Our centre is still holding the line. At dark they open on our line (the centre), and our skirmishers and batteries open on them. They came on in two lines of battle in the rear of their skirmishers. It now looks that we must fall back. It is quite dark, and the skirmish line is a sheet of fire, and we see by the flash that our men are falling back. Our twelve men have knapsacks on, waiting on orders to fall back, but none came. A sergeant from our company on the right had orders to tell us to fall back, but failed to do so. Our squad now depends on the vidette. The rebel skirmishers have layed down two lines of battle not over forty paces in front, and we can see a black streak and hear a thud. We are in a horseshoe, and across the heel of the shoe the distance is about 125 to 150 yards. They are in our rear, firing as they go. The writer ran back a few steps and told the twelve to go; we lost no time in going. We soon met our adjutant coming on full gallop to find out what was keeping us, and we told him that we had no orders to fall back. We did some fast running to save oursevelves, and when we got to where we expected to find the brigade it had gone. Everybody has left in the direction of the river, and we pro- ceeded in the direction of Banks' Ford, the only outlet left us. Every regiment in the Sixty corps is doing duty as flankers. We arrived at the river about 10 o'clock and awaited our turn to cross on the pontoon bridge. The rebels are shelling us; we are tired and lay down to rest. After midnight we cross the river, the rebels shelling the bridge as we crossed, and camped in the wood about one mile from the river. We have been fortunate and the loss in our regiment is small. Georo-e W. Thompson, of Company G, while coming off" the skirmish line, fell into a ditch and hurt his arm; Robert Hippie, of Company D, was taken prisoner, and Thomas G. Hutchinson, of Company D, was wounded. 000 Banks' Ford, Va. Tuesday, May 5, 1863. — We slept late this morning, and after eating break- fast put up our tents; our army is moving to its old camps; we drew three days' ra- tions to keep up the eight days' rations; commenced to rain about 4 o'clock this af- ternoon. Wednesday, May 6, 1863. — We are still laying in the woods; cold and raining HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 147 all day; the pontoons were taken up to-day; we drew one rations of whisky and one of fresh beef, half sand. Thursday, May 7, 1863. — Cold and cloudy all day; raining this evening; we moved our camp about one mile, and expect to lay here some days; we drew three days' rations. 000 Near Banks' Ford, Va. Friday, May 8, 1863. — Cloudy and cold all day; we started for our old camp at 7 o'clock this morning, and passed the 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers, arriving at camp at 1.30 this afternoon; we found our quarters as we left them. Saturday, May g, 1863. — The boys are fixing up quarters and cleaning up gunu and equipments; John Morningstar and George Smith, of Companies B and A, were in the writer's tent all evening playing violins; it makes us feel like at home; dress parade this evening. Sunday, May 10, 1863. — We had company inspection this morning; morning and noon warm, evening pleasant; dress parade this evening; Lieutenant Thompson was officer of the day. Monday, May 11, 1863. — Warm all day; squad drill from 8 to 9 A. M. ; com- pany drill from 5 to 6 p. m. and then dress parade; Lieutenant Sherwood was officer of the day. 000 White Oak Church. Tuesday, May 12, 1863. — We have orders to move with eight days' rations; it was warm all day; drills same as yesterday; Captain Quigley was officer of the day. Wednesday, May 13, 1863. — Squad drill from 6.30 to 7.30 this morning; morning and noon warm, and about 4 30 P. M. we had a heavy storm, which blew a number of trees down in camp across our tents; Captain Hutchinson is officer of the day. Thursday, May 14, 1863. — Morning and noon warm, rain this afternoon; squad drill this morning; dress parade this evening; a detail is building ovens at the bri- gade bakery. Friday, May 15, 1863. — Squad drill this morning; all the companies in the reg- ment put up arbors through the streets to-day; dress parade this evening; Lieuten- ant Thompson was officer of the day; the detail is putting up two more ovens at the brigade bakery. • Saturday, May 16, 1863. — -Warm all day; regimental inspection at 9 a. m. by the brigade inspector; dress parade this evening; Captain Quigley was officer of the day. Sunday, May 17, 1863. — Morning and noon warm, cloudy this afternoon; com- pany inspection this morning; some of the boys attended preaching in the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers this morning; dress parade this evening. Monday, May 18, 1863. — Morning warm, afternoon cool and cloudy, evening clear; we had squad drill and dress parade this evening; T. H. McFarland, John C. Ross, J. D. Cunningham and the writer were down at Belle Plaine Landing buying some clothes from the sutlers. Tuesday, May 19, 1863 — Morning cool, but pleasant during the day; about fifty pickets went out at 10 o'clock this morning; two hours' company drill this evening, then dress parade. Wednesday, May 20, 1863. — Morning cool, but pleasant during the day; we had squad drill this morning and dress parade this evening; A. P. Decker, of Com- 148 * HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERB. pany B, started for home on furlough ; we had orders to get ready for review, but they were countermanded; cleaning up the camp. Thursday, May 21, 1863. — Warm all day; the regiment was at division review at 9 o'clock this morning — reviewed by General Sedgwick; dress parade this even- ing; Samuel Irvin, of Company B, started home on furlough. Friday, May 22, 1863. — Very warm; squad drill this afternoon, and company drill and dress parade this evening; the pickets came in; Couts, of Company C, got his sentence to serve his time out at the Rip Raps or Dry Tortugas, for cowardice; the brigade guard went out, with Sergeant Ketner as Sergeant of the guard. Saturday, May 23, 1863. — Morning and evening pleasant, noon warm; dress parade this evening; some of the boys of old Company D are on a big drunk; Briga- dier General H. G. Wright took command of our division to-day, and an order to that effect was read to us on dress parade; we are well satisfied. Sunday, May 24, 1863. — Morning cool, noon warm, evening cloudy; nothing of any importance going on; Lieutenant A. T. Hilands left for home on a ten-day leave of absence; we had company inspection this morning; Thomas Werts, of the Fifth U. S. Artillery, visited Company B to day; dress parade this evening. Monday, May 25, 1863. — Morning cool and cloudy, afternoon clear and warm; squad drill this morning and company drill and dress parade this evening; the Thir- ty-second New York regiment, having served its time out, started for home; Rider and Rumberger, of the 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited Company B to-day. Tuesday, May 26, 1863. — Morning cool and cloudy, afternoon clear and warm; squad drill this and company drill and dress parade this evening; a number of Com- panies B and A's boys are down at the bake house to-night with string music; there was prayer meeting in the hospital tent this afternoon; we signed the pay rolls to- day. Wednesday, May 27, 1863. — Morning and evening pleasant; noon warm; squad drill this morning; company drill and dress parade this evening; we received pay for March and April; Captain Wakefield was officer of the day. Thursday, May 28, 1863. — Morning warm; a cool breeze in the afternoon; some of our boys visited the One Hundred and Forry-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, near Stoneman's switch, and others went on three days' picket and relieved the One Hun- dred and Twenty -first New York; Arthur Rodgers, of Company B, and the writer ran off and went to camp, but returned to the reserve after dark. Friday, May 29, 1863. — Warm this morning and cloudy this afternoon; plenty of whisky in camp to-day; some of our pickets went to camp this evening again; no dange-r in front, or they would not leave; the writer is on the line to-day; company drill this evening. Saturday, May 30, 1863. — Warm all day; no drills; every person is washing clothes and cleaning up in general, getting ready for inspection; dress parade this evening; George Eckard, of Company B, returned to the regiment from the wagon train, where he had been detailed; Arthur Rodgers and Jim Ambrose left the picket reserve and went to camp this evening, and returned about 9 p. m. Sunday, May 31, 1863. — Morning cool and noon and evening warm; pickets were relieved at 10 A. m. by the Twenty-first New Jersey regiment; company inspec- tion this morning and dress parade this evening. Monday, June i, 1863. — Morning warm and afternoon windy; company drill this evening; some of Company B got on a bender to-night and threw empty whisky bottles at some of our officers. L. C was about to hit the officer of the dav Captain Hutchinson, when he drew his sword, but Corporal T. H. McFarland inter- ferred The officer put T. H. under arrest, and the writer, being a messmate, had the honor of having a guard over his tent to-night. Tuesday, June 2, 1863.— Morning warm, afternoon pleasant, evening cloudy; HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 149 squad drill this morning and company drill this evening; some of the boys have re- turned from furlough; we are having a good deal of fun over the fuss last night. Wednesday, June 3, 1863. — Warm to-day; company drill this morning and evening; some of the officers went out from camp to-day to wash, and some of the boys got up in the woods and stoned them; things are lively in camp to-day; Major Miles made the regiment drill one hour for their bad conduct, hollowing, etc. ; Lieu- tenant Hilands arrived in camp to-day; Lieutenant Barr is officer of the day. Thursday, June 4, 1863. — Morning cool, noon and evening warm; the regiment was up and in line at 4 o'clock this morning and stood there like dummies for half an hour; we think this is to punish us for making Rome howl yesterday in camp; grasshopper drill to-day; we have orders to move with three days' cooked rations, and to be ready to fall in at a moment's notice; Lieutenant Hilands took a prisoner (Couts) to Hooker's headquarters to-day. Friday, June 5, 1863. — Morning cool, noon warm, evening cloudy; company drill this morning and dress parade this evening; Longnecker and Gray had their heads shaved, were drummed up and down in front of t]?e brigade, and then taken to Hooker's headquarters; while we are still in line cannonading commences over near Fredericksburg; it is now 6 p. m., and we go to camp; we had orders to pack up and be ready to move, but did not take our tents down. Saturday, June 6, 1863. — Orders at 9 o'clock this morning to strike tents, and we left camp at 10 o'clock and moved to the river below Fredericksburg, on Pollock's plantation, our Second division of the Sixth corps on the rebel side of the river; we laid here until 4 p. m. and then moved back about a mile and went into camp; every- thing has quieted down; about forty pickets went out from our regiment; morning and noon warm, evening rain; Lieutenant Swain, of Company B, was sent to the hospital before we left camp. 000 Fredericksburg, Va. Sunday, June 7, 1863. — We have our tents pitched this afternoon; preaching in the Sixth Maine and our regiment to-day; a shell came from rebeldomand went clear through General Sedgwick's headquarters bake oven; the oven is on wheels and stands several hundred yards in our front. Decker, Ross and the writer, being very anxious to see what had been hit, went over, but the guard ordered us away. Our rifle guns threw a few shells at the rebels this afternoon. This evening we crossed the river and took the left of the line. Troops are putting up rifle pits to-night along our front. A detail from our brigade of 600 men has gone to support the cavalry in the direction of Culpepper. The watch-word to-night is Troy. The writer is on camp guard, but volunteered to cross the river with the regiment (the guard being left back), and Company B hardly got ofi" the pontoon bridge until we had to take the skirmish line across the deep ravine towards Fredericksburg. Captain Sherwood has command of the skirmishers. We are kept in suspense all night, as the order is for a regiment to go to the front during the night and burn a barn that the rebel sharpshooters are in. The writer has sworn not to volunteer again. Monday, June 8, 1863. — We have a rifle pit along the line this morning and are still working at it; no firing except an occasional shot from our batteries on the heights on our side of the river; fatigue parties are workmg on the entrenchments all day; two batteries are in position along the entrenchments; we had our guns stacked all day; morning cold, noon warm and evening cool. Tuesday, June 9, 1863. — The second line of the entrenchments was commenced last night; sharpshooters were firing at each. other all day; the rebels shelled our men this evening; a large detail for picket duty was sent out from our regiment this even- ing; all that are left moved into the rifle pits to-night; pickets are on the line on the J 50 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. extreme left of the corps; the rebel pickets are rather close to us for comfort, their sharpshooters every now and then sending their compliments in the shape of lead; day warm. Wednesday, June 10, 1863. — Morning cold, warm during the day; our pickets were relieved this morning and our regiment moved back; at 9 to-night we were relieved by the Eighty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers; the Third division and our First division crossed the river to our side, and camped back of the heights out of range of the rebel artillery; sharpshooters kept up firing all last night; Generals Hooker, Sedgwick and Wright rode along the line this evening; Hooker had his war hat on. Thursday, June 11, 1863. — Morning cloudy, noon and evening warm ; we moved back into the woods and pitched tents; a detail of 75 men from our regiment were put on fatigue duty this evening; Nick Patterson and the writer went to our old camp to-day and stopped at White Oak Church, had our pictures taken and stole about 25 pictures of the church; the photographer had them pinned up in the hall, and we swiped them off; all, quiet except sharpshooters firing. Friday, June 12, 1863. — Our detail of seventy-five men was over the river last night and came in at 5 A. M. ; a detail of 105 men from the regiment was made at 3 o'clock this morning for picket; it is reported that the rebels are moving towards Washington; it did not take us long to get ready, and we marched down along the river and run a picket line across the country to Belle Plain Landing; the writer is on post at the extreme left right at the Landing and is very tired; Captain Wakefield was officer of the picket; the mosquitoes are getting in their work on the pickets to- night. Saturday, June 13, 1863. — Morning cloudy, noon warm, and this evening it is raining; regiment marched at 9 o'clock to-night and halted at 3 o'clock this morning at Potomac bridge, above Brook's Station; all the transports are moving out of Aqua creek; pickets left the line at 9 P. M. and marched to White Oak Church, halted there about half an hour, and then proceeded to near Potomac Creek hospital; we made our beds and slept till morning; this has been a hard night on the pickets. 000 Fredericksburg to Potomac Creek, Va. Sunday, June 14, 1863.— Pickets joined the regiment at 7 o'clock this morning; our army came back across the river at Fredericksburg last night and is now moving towards Washington; about 10 A. M. we moved across Potomac creek and halted; some of our boys attended preaching in the Fifth Vermont regiment; orders were re- ceived at 9 P. M. to march, and we proceeded all night towards Washington; very warm during the day. Monday, June 15, 1863. — We halted one hour near Stafford Court House at daybreak, then resumed our march; crossed Aqua creek, and halted two hours to rest and make coffee, and halted this evening at Dumfries and drew rations; a good many men have received a sunstroke to-day; our regiment is rear guard; this day's march has been a hard one; the balloon is in our rear, and it goes up a short distance every now and then; they report that the rebels are following us up. 000 Dumfries, Va. Tuesday, June 16, 1863.— We marched at 3 o'clock this morning without break, fast, and halted at the Occoquon river about two and a half hours, and at 3 p. m. started again; arrived at Fairfax .station at sunset and put up tents; many of the boys bathed in the Occoquon river about noon to-day. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 151 Fairfax Station, Va. Wednesday, June 17, 1863. — Very warm; we have had a good rest, and at 12 o'clock noon we moved about two miles near the railroad and camped, or joined the Sixth Maine; our boys and the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers, who were sent away to support the cavalry on the 7th, have returned; they had a hard time of it trying to outmarch the cavalry, and they are dirty, hungry and tired. We remained in camp this afternoon, and drawed one day's rations of whisky. Corporal T. H. Mc- Farland, of Company B, issued it to the company; he had it in canteens hung on his shoulder, and the boys would hold their tincups for their rations. Some of the boys got behind him and emptied several of the canteens info others and walked off, and the corporal didn't know it. Then some got on a drunk. One of Company B's men rode into camp on a mule almost as large as an elephant, which he had stolen some place. The officer of the day ordered him out of camp with the mule. They had some words, and the officer followed him down out of camp, but soon returned with a black eye. We didn't know whether the mule kicked him, or the rider's fist did it — it was the fist. The boys had a good joke on the captain. The cavalry is fighting at Snicker's Gap. 000 Fairfax Court House, Va. Thursday, June 18, 1863. — We marched at 5 o'clock this morning and halted at 9 A. M. in a grove near Germantown, about one and a half miles southwest of Fair- fax Court House, along the pike to Winchester; ambulances carrying wounded rebels passed our camp this afternoon; rebels are reported to be in force at Winchester; rain this evening. Friday, June 19, 1863. — Rain this morning, warm at noon and rain this even- ing; we got orders to move this morning, but half an hour later the order was coun- termanded, but were instructed to hold ourselves in readiness; we then pitched tents; cannonading this morning in the direction of Leesburg. Saturday, June 20, 1863. — Cloudy and raining all day; in camp to-day; fighting last night towards Snicker's Gap, about fifty rebel prisoners were brought in this evening. 000 Near Fairfax Court House, Sunday, June 21, 1863. — Heavy cannonading during the day; our cavalry is go- ing towards the front in the direction of Centreville; Bill Stephens and John Beamer, of the One Hundred and Tenth and Eighty-Fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, respec- tively, visited us; morning cloudy and raining and afternoon clear; preaching in camp this morning by the chaplain of the Sixth Maine regiment, and this evening by Chap- lain Stephens; company inspection. Monday, June 22, 1863. — Cool and pleasant all day; company drill this morn- ing and battalion drill this afternoon; still laying in camp; nothing going on that we can hear of. Tuesday, June 23, 1863. — Day pleasant; company and battalion drills to-day; prisoners are passing in wagons to the rear to-day; we think they ought to make them walk. Wednesday, June 24, 1863. — Day cool and pleasant; regimental inspection at 2 p. M. ; nothing of any importance going on, but we are expecting to move; dress parade this evening. Thursday, June 25, 1863. — Cloudy and cool to-day and rain this evening; one hundred men from our regiment went to GainsviUe to guard a train of cars loaded 152 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. with rations, clothing, etc., for General Hancock's corps; we arrived at Gainsville, but were ordered back at once, and did not unload; Hancock's men are fighting close by; our engineer did some fast running going back; there was a train burned at Manassas Junction yesterday by the rebels, which accounts for the fast time we made; some of our boys helped themselves to shoes, but the writer only got three pairs (No. 8) and gave them to our boys in camp who were about shoeless; we have orders to move at 3 o'clock to-morrow morning. Friday, June 26, 1863. — Raining this morning and cloudy this afternoon; marched west at 4 A. M. two and a half miles on the Alexandria and Winchester pike, then took a by-road and crossed the Alexandria and Leesburgpike at Baradrew Sta- tion, and camped one mile west of Leesburg this evening; marched about eighteen miles to-day; roads muddy. Saturday, June 27, 1863. — Marched at 4 o'clock this morning; crossed the Po- tomac river at Edward's Ferry this evening and camped one mile north of the ferry; cloudy all day; marched about fifteen miles. , Sunday, June 28, 1863.— Marched at 5 o'clock this morning via Poolville, Mon- ocacy Church and Barnesville, and camped one mile west of Hyattsville this evening; cloudy all day; boys are feeling good, and there was plenty of fun on the march; we marched about sixteen miles lo-day. The following notices, issued to-day, are self- explanatory. Headquarters Army of the Potomac, ] June 28, 1863. ) General Order No. 66. In conformity with the orders of the war department, dated June 27, 1863, I re- linquish the command of the Army of the Potomac. It is transferred to Major Gen- eral George G. Meade, a brave and accomplished officer, who has nobly earned the confidence and esteem of this army on many a well-fought field. Impressed with the belief that my usefulness as the commander of the Army of the Potomac is impaired, I part from it, yet not without the deepest emotion. The sorrow of parting with the comrades of so many battles is relieved by the conviction that the courage and devotion of this army will never cease nor fail — that it will yield to my successor, as it has to me, a willing and hearty support. With the earnest prayer that the triumphs of its arms may bring successes wor- thy of it and the nation, I bid it farewell. Joseph Hooker, Major General. Headquarters Army of the Potomac, I June 28, 1863. I General Orders No. 67: By direction of the president of the United States, I hereby assume command 6f the Army of the Potomac. As a soldier, in obeying this order — an order totally unexpected and unsolicited I have no promises or pledges to make. The country looks to this army to relieve it from the devastation and disgrace of a hostile invasion. Whatever fatigues and sacrifices we may be called upon to undergo, let us have in view, constantly, the magnitude of the interest involved, and let each man determine to do his duty, leaving to an all-controlling Providence the decision of the contest. It is with just diffidence that I relieve in the command of this army an eminent and accomplished soldier, whose name must ever appear conspicuous in the history of its achievements, but I rely upon the hearty support of my companions in arms to assist me in the discharge oi the duties of the important trust which has been confided to me. ' George G. Meade, Major General Commanding. HISTORY 49TH PliNNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 153 In Maryland. Monday, June 29, 1863. — We marched at 4 o'clock this morning and crossed the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Monrovia Station, passed through New Market, then took the National pike to Ridgeville, at Ridgeville took the road towards West- minster, and halted near Jewsville this evening; cloudy during the day; wherever our regiment saw stragglers taking fruit near the farmers' doors we would make them leave. Billy White hit a nigger on a cherry tree with a stone, which caused him to quickly get down. General Sedgwick ordered our regiment to the rear of the corps for making so much noise on march, but the order was not carried out, and it did not help us much. We marched about twenty-seven miles. Tuesday, June 30, 1S63. — Marched at 6 o'clock this morning, and passed through Jewsville and Westminster; our cavalry had a fight at Westminster yester- day; we saw one wounded cavalryman on a balcony in town; we passed through Mexico Tavern and camped near Germantown, or Manchester, this evening; mus- tered this morning; cloudy all day; raining this afternoon; we are near the Pennsyl- vania line this evening. 000 Near Manchester, Md. Wednesday, July i, 1863. — At about 7 o'clock to-night our wagon train has gone, and about 8 o'clock we marched in the same direction, via Baughman's road to the Baltimore and Gettysburg pike; we layed along the road and slept awhile dur- ing the night; we don't know what to think of this move, for we are going square to the left from the direction in which we have been marching, but every person is tak- ing things easy; we reached the pike south of Mt. Pleasant at daylight. 000 Gettysburg, Pa. Thursday, July 2, 1863. — Still on the march; no time to cook breakfast; many of the boys are out of humor on account of marching us nearly all night, and that, too, without being a stone's throw from where we left at 8 o'clock last night; we are at the stone spring house this morning that some of the boys got water from last evening. This unnecessary marching was done, no doubt, on account of some blun- dering officer, and our boys are blessing whoever was the cause of it. We now pass through the little town of Manchester, with bands and drum corps playing and men cheering, but some were yet too mad to cheer. Soon we heard the booming of can- non, and we learned that a battle was being fought at Gettysburg. We nerved our- selves for the march and kept onward. We soon hear that the First, Eleventh and Twelfth corps are being hard pressed and are retreating slowly from the field. We are marching on the Manchester pike, and at every farm house and cross road we are greeted by many citizens, most of whom are loaded with large baskets filled with such edibles as soft bread, pie and ginger-bread. We had all we could eat and had a picnic. We passed through a number of small villages, and nearly all the stores were cleaned out, the goods either having been removed or purloined by the rebels. We halted for a few minutes just after we got over the line into Pennsylvania. The sensations experienced by the boys when they realized that they trod the soil of the Keystone state — our native state — were indescribable. Many a cheer from an over- flowing heart went heavenward, and hats were thrown into the air in an ecstasy of joy. The bugle sounded forward, and, although we are tired and dirty, for the day is warm, we proceed on our journey. The boys are in excellent humor, and the Sixth corps is as jolly as our brigade, which is never lacking for fun. We realize from the firing that there is hard fighting being done, and every man seems to be eager 154 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. for the battle. At 2 p. m. we can see the smoke from, the battle, and we increased our steps a httle. We realize that Lee and his rebel array are in Pennsylvania near our home. At 3 P. M. we halted a short time to make coffee, which is the first chance we have had since last night. We marched-about three miles and are at the battlefield, and halted in supporting distance, close enough to hear "the buzz of the minnie balls and the screach of the shot and shell from Lee's guns as they pass over us. At dark we march up to the front, where everything is confusion — officers on horseback galloping right and left, and Union troops, infantry and artillery, rushing to their positions in the front. Our lines are hard pressed, and the rebels are almost to the top of the wooded hill in our front (Round Top). They are met by Vincent's brigade and forced back. Our Second division and the Jersey brigade of our First division are hurried to the right of the line to support some troops that are being hard pressed. There is a lull in the battle in our immediate front, and we are ordered to lay down and rest. We are quite willing to do so, for we marched all last night and since daylight this morning, covering|thirty-six to thirty-eight miles. All our regiment is present and the boys are in good spirits. We bivouac on the field, sleeping on our arms, ready for any emergency. Our ammunition train for the army is packed a little to our rear. Nothing can ^disturb our slumbers except rebels. Friday, July 3, 1863. — Up early» Breakfast over, we were moved to the left this morning, where we put up a temporary rifle pit in short order, the Fifth Wiscon- sin on the left, and the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Sixth Maine, 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers and the Vermont brigade on our right. Our cavalry were in our front to the left of Champion Hill (Big Round Top). We were put here, so if our cavalry were driven back we were to assist them. Fortunately for us, we had nothing to do there. About noon there was very heavy firing all along the line, and we were moved to the right of Little Round Top, in the woods. Here we received a tremendous shelling. The infantry firing was heavy on our right a short distance away, and we were unable to see on account of the smoke drawing toward us. Soon Captain Parker, of Hancock's staff, rode up and informed us that the general had been wounded — hit with a nail. Some of our boys swore a little. We expected every mo- ment orders to move forward. The enemy, however, were driven back, and our Army held the position. (This was Pickett's charge). This evening we were moved back a short distance out of range, and pitched our tents. Most all of our Sixth Corps was held in reserve. Our brigade was not engaged to-day, but what is in store for us to-morrow no one can tell, but we are expecting to be put in the front. We are ready, however, for any emergency. We rest. Morning cloudy, evening warm. Some of our boys were detailed to man a battery to-day. Bill McAlevy, of Company B, was one, and was hurt by the concussion of a shell. Saturday, July 4, 1863. — We packed up at noon and marched to the top of Champion Hill (Big Round Top) on the left of our line. Here were the best natural fortifications we had yet seen, the sides and summit of the mountain being covered with rocks, generally square and flat on top. Our skirmishers were firing in front all afternoon. Lieutenant Hilands, with Company A, was on the skirmish line nearly all day. We moved down and biviouac near where we lay last night. We are out of rations. The writer and two of Company B went back about dark and killed a young heifer. When we returned to the regiment they had drew rations, and every person was preparing a square meal. Our loss is small. Sunday, July 5, 1863. — It commenced raining at 2 o'clock this morning and continued until daylight. We hear the rebels have left our front. Company A skirmishers came in about daylight. We packed up at 6 o'clock this morning and marched out over the battlefield after the enemy. Our brigade was in the advance. We went out in a V shape, the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers as flankers. The sight to-day over the battlefield is one long to be remembered. The dead rebels have nearly all turned black, and the smell was fearful. We met a lot of ladies who HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 155 had taken shelter out of range. They were from Gettysburg, and soon as they saw us they commenced to wave the Stars and Stripes, which they had secreted about themselves while under rebel-control. They ran up from the house to our ranks and took many of our boys by the hand as we passed along. We came up with the ene- my at 6 p. M. , at Millerstown. Our battery opened on their rearguard and threw a few shell at them. We halted and camped for the night in a clover field. 000 Emmittsburg, Md. Monday, July 6, 1863. — We are still laying in the clover field, out of rations and every person hungry. We marched this afternoon toward the Gap, below Fair- field, and halted at sunset. We made coffee and staid here until 11 o'clock to night and them marched via Liberty Mill, arriving at Emmittsburg about daybreak. Tuesday, July 7, 1863. — We halted at Emmittsburg. We were tired, and every person laid down with knapsacks on. We slept a few minutes until the First corps passed us. We received from them one hard tack for each man. We heard good music at a Catholic institution near by. We marched on the Emmittsburg and Fred- erick City pike, and halted thirty minutes at Fninklinville to make coffee. We then resumed marching, passing through Mechanicstown, Catocton Furnace, and then took a mountain road. Marching along the mountain to Catocton Pass, we entered the pass about dark, when it commenced to rain. The artillery and trains were halted and taken around by Frederick City on account of the rough roads. The cit- izens told us no one would venture to pass over this road in daylight, and that it was only traveled by hunters. The troops were played out before we reached the top, and whole regiments straggled on the mountain. Dark! You could not see a man in front of you. But eight men of Company C were present when we halted on the top of the mountain. Some companies had only three or four present. 000 Catoctan Mountain, Md. Wednesday, July 8, 1863. — Raining this morning; we are waiting for our men to get together; the road is full of stragglers; we are out of rations, but made coffee about 8 a. m. ; washed the mud out of our pants, socks and shoes; each man got one- sixth of a pound of hard tack this morning from our Second division train; marched at ID A. M. towards Boonsborough; the men are nearly all present; halted at Middle- town at noon, tired and hungry; drew rations and shoes this afternoon; cannonading in the direction of Hagerstown; cleared off about noon; some of Company B will re- member the incident of the postage stamps and General Howe's orderly. Thursday, July 9, 1863. — Marched at 5 A. M. and crossed South mountain, passed the First corps on the mountain, halted at Boonsborough and pitched tents; boys are glad that we have orders to pitch tents; our cavalry has been driving the rebels to-day. , 000 Boonsborough, Md. Friday, July 10, 1863. — Marched through Boonsborough on the national pike towards Hagerstown; this morning brisk cannonading and skirmishing in front to- wards Funkstown; our cavalry is driving the rebel skirmishers; we took our position in line of battle about halfway between Hagerstown and Boonsborough; cavalry are skirmishing this evening; morning cool, warm during the day and evening cloudy. Saturday, July 11, 1863. — We pitched our tents in rear of our stacks to-day. 156 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. advanced our line on the left this evening; slight skirmishing during the day; some of our boys bathed in Antietam creek this morning; the writer had fish for supper; we have orders to move to-morrow. •000 Funkstown, Md. Sunday, July 12, 1863. — Orders to march at 4.30 o'clock this morning (only our regiment of the brigade), and we passed through Funkstown and crossed Antie- tam creek; we are sent out to support the skirmishers and advance to near Hagers- town ; the Ninety-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers relieve us and we move to the left and join our brigade; this afternoon Company B is ordered out to support our skirmish- ers, then ordered to deploy and strengthen the line; rebels have a good position on a hill and are protected by wheat shocks; we advance, and Adam Grier, of Company A, and Lieutenant Ed Swain, of Company B, are wounded; it is bang ! bang ! from one end of the line to the other; we get orders to go forward; our line is a good one, and in less than five minutes wt- have the rebels' position and they are going helter- skelter towards Williamsport; after firing after them; we got orders to halt; we layed here half an hour and are relieved by the Fifth Wisconsin regiment; we move back and join our brigade; while we advanced we saw some chickens roosting at a house, and Hackenberg, Giant, Ross and Westbrook spoke a few words to Lieutenant Barr and slipped out of ranks; we went back to the house, got some of the chickens and were ready to fall in with the company as it passed by; Ross got hold of a big rooster and it hollowed like thunder; the old farmer came out to see what was going on, can- dle in hand, and some one blew the light out; Lieutenant Barr had a big rooster for his supper; rained to-night; orders to rest on our arms. Monday, July 13, 1863. — Under arms at 3.30 A. M. ; skirmishing all forenoon; rebels are fortifying their line in front of us to-day; we are also fortifying; our colors are planted on our rifle pits; bands are playing this evening; every person is feeling good; rain this morning and evening cloudy; George Rumberger, of the Fifth Penn- sylvania Volunteers, visited Company B to-day. Tuesday, July 14, 1863. — Rebels have left our front this morning; we march at 7 o'clock and halt near Williamsport at noon; the last of the rebels crossed the Poto- mac river this morniug at this place; we stack arms and rest; warm during the day, rain this evening; Williamsport is full of wounded rebels. Wednesday, July 15, 1863. — Marched this morning across the country; this evening we are camped at Boonsborough; arrived here at 4 P. M. ; very warm during the day; evening cool and some rain; some of our officers are on a spree to-day. 000 Boonsborough and Berlin, Md. Thursday, July 16, 1863. — We marched at 5 o'clock this morning, crossed South piountain, passed through Middletown and halted at 1 1 o'clock opposite Bur- ketsville to rest and get dinner; passed Petersville and camped near Berlin; the boys don't feel so good now; raining to-night. Friday, July 17, 1863. — Still raining this morning; we are laying in camp wait- ing our turn to cross the Potomac river on the pontoon bridge into old Virginia again, First corps troops are crossing all day; regimental inspection at 5 p. m. ; the health of the regiment is good. Saturday, July 18, 1863. — Moved down to the river this afternoon; here the One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers tried to take all the rails from our front while we were stacking arms, and some of our boys said bad words; they were stopped from taking them, and we had some fun over the rails; some of our boys HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVAKrA VOLUNTEERS. 157 would shame them for being so greedy and others would make fun of them ; very warm during the day. 000 Berlin, Md., and Wheatland, Va. Sunday, July 19, 1863. — Marched at 10 a.m. and crossed the pontoon bridge into poverty-stricken Virginia; passed through Lovettsville and marched about eight miles and halted on Wright's plantation; preaching in camp today at sunset; the pump down at Wright's is locked with chain on handle; the writer, A. P. Decker and Roy Hackenberg start out on a foraging expedition. At the first house we had some words with the old rebel farmer and passed on, but we soon came to an- other house, where we got five geese, eleven eggs and several chickens. We had fun getting the geese out from under the barn, and Decker stood at one corner of the barn with a revolver and kept the old rebel farmer in the house. We returned to camp with an oats sack full of grub, and as we passed Lieutenant Barr's tent we dropped him a goose. At Brigade headquarters there are about 30 men carrying- rails for foraging, but we are O. K. — the goose did it. About 7 o'clock Gust dark) two stacks of grain belonging to the old farmer with whom we had words are on fire, and .the barn of the rebel general, Wright, is also burning, and our camp was nicely illuminated. We understand to-night that Wright has one of his negroes tied up for telling the Yankees who he was. Lieutenant Thompson is detailed for draft; we hear we are camped near Wheatland. 000 Percilville, Va. Monday, July 20, 1863 — We marched at 10 a. m. towards Snicker's and Ash- ' by's Gaps, crossed the Leesburg and Winchester pike this afternoon, and this even- ing we cross the Alexandria and Winchester pike and go into camp south of the pike near Unionville; we see quite a lot of grain stacks burned along the road to-day, and some are still burning; we marched slow to-day; Lieutenant Thompson left for Pennsylvania. Tuesday, July 21, 1863. — Our wagon train moved about one mile to-day and parked; we layed quiet in camp near Unionville; more grain stocks were burned to- day; we are destroying everything as we go. Wednesday, July 22, 1863. — Orders to march at 2 p. m., but marched at noon to Ashby Gap pike, a distance of about eight miles, and halted this evening in afield near the stone bridge over Goose creek; morning warm and cool air this afternoon. 000 White Plains, Va. Thursday, July 23, 1863.— We marched at 4 o'clock this morning, and passed through Rectorville, going into camp at White Plains; warm during the day, even- ing cool and cloudy; nearly all the regiment was detailed for picket duty this even- ing; some of Company B tramped up a patch of cucumbers for an old rebel farmer this afternoon; he didn't like it much, but we got the cucumbers. Friday, July 24, 1863. — In camp to-day, but we marched at 8 o'clock this eve- ning. Our pickets came in just as we were leaving. Three or four of our regiment were captured to-day by Mosby's guerillas while picking blackberries — Berkheimer and Corbin, of Company C, and Kope, of Company A. Some pickets were sent back. We moved down to the station. Trains were passing all night in the direc- tion of New Baltimore. Orders were read about straggling, stealing, burning, etc., 158 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. but don't think the boys will pay much attention to the orders, as we are in the enemy's country and don't care much what we do; They destroyed plenty in Maryland and Pennsylvania and we desired to retaliate. 000 New Baltimore, Va. Saturday, July 25, 1863. — We remained at White Plains Station this morning until the Second corps supply train removed the rations from the station, and then marched via Baltimore and Warrentown; we halted a mile and a half from Warren - town at sunset this evening and joined our division, which came on last night; we have rain, tlmnder and lightning this evening. Sunday, July 26, 1863. — In camp to-day; very warm during the day, evening rain; there was preaching in camp this evening; had not enough rations for break- fast this morning. Monday, July 27, 1863. — In camp; warm to-day, rain this evening; we drew clothing this evening, had inspection and received mail. Tuesday, July 28, 1863. — In camp; morning cool, noon warm, evening rain; officers made quarterly returns of ordnance and ordnance stores to-day; cannonad- ing on our left this morning. 000 Warrentown, Va. Wednesday, July 29, 1863. — Morning cool, warm during the day, evening rain; officers made quarterly returns of clothing, camp and garrison equipage to-day; some cannonading was heard to-day on the left; some wounded are passing in am- bulances. Thursday, July 30, 1863. — In camp to-day; officers made monthly returns this* evening; cool all day, rain this evening; the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment of our bri- gade left for New York to-day. Friday, July 31, 1863. — We moved our camp about one-fourth of a mile this forenoon; Billy White and the writer were out foraging this afternoon, and brought in one sheep, some chickens, etc.; White took the ©Id farmer's (Robert Blackwell) white horse and pat the sheep on, and all went to camp; the horse was then let go and he returned home; at 6 P. M. we received orders to pack up and be ready to move instantly, but the orders were countermanded and we pitched tents at sunset again; one of the Sixth Maine boys out with us shot into a flock of sheep and killed three at one shot. Saturday, Aug. i, 1863. — We received orders to pack up at 8.30 a. m., but we remained in camp until noon and then marched over to town and camped in the woods; fixing up camp and quarters this afternoon. Sunday, Aug. 2, 1863. — Nearly all the boys are on police duty this morning; we had preaching in camp at 11 A. M. ; very warm during the day; Captain Wake- field was officer of the day. Monday, Aug. 3, 1863. — Very warm during the day; dress parade this even- ing ; Lieutenant Barr was officer of the day. Tuesday, Aug. 4,-1863. — Warm during the day; rain this evening; boys are fixing up their tents ; we signed the pay rolls. Wednesday, Aug. 5, 1863. — Warm during the day, rain this evening; a detail was sent out to guard a wagon train to and from New Baltimore; we were paid for two months — May and June — by Major Robison; the boys are all glad, for we had a chance to get something extra to eat in town. Thursday, Aug. 6, 1863.— Warm during the day, rain this evening; we have HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 159 the usual duties to perform in camp — camp guard, brigade guard, pickets, fatigue duties, etc., every day; this is Thanksgiving day. Friday, Aug. 7, 1863. — Warm during the day, rain this evening; the boys are sending some money home with the chaplain. Saturday, Aug. 8, 1863. — Very warm during the day, evening cloudy and cool; boys are getting ready for inspection; there was prayer meeting in the street this evening; dress parade this evening. Sunday, Aug. 9, 1863. — Very warm; some of our boys attended preaching at the Episcopal church in town at 11 o'clock this morning; preaching incamp; com- pany inspection; dress parade at 7 p. m. ; prayer meeting this evening; Captain Quig- ley is officer of the day. Monday, Aug. 10, 1863. — Very warm to-day; our boys rallied on a sutler's wagon because he sold things too high and cleaned him out; the regiment was called into line to find out who did the mischief, but all answered to the roll call, and those absent were accounted for; Company B boys know who did it; dress parade this evening; prayer meeting in camp to-night; Captain Wakefield was officer of the day. Tuesday, Aug. 11, 1863. — Very warm during the day; nothing going on except talking about the sutler that the boys went through yesterday and eating the good things that he had in his wagon, hauled clear from Washington; dress parade this evening. Wednesday, Aug. 12, 1863. — Company drill at 6 a. m. ; warm during the day; evening cool; heavy rain to-night; dress parade this evening; Lieutenant Robert G. Barr was officer of the day. Thursday, Aug. 13, 1863. — Raining this morning; no drill; cool during the day; got orders to get ready to see a couple of men shot to-morrow; dress parade this evening; roll call at 8 P. M. Friday, Aug. 14, 1863. — Company inspection at 8 A. M. ; at 11 A. M. the bri- gade was formed and marched out half way between Warrenton and New Baltimore to witness the execution of a deserter, Thomas Jaret, of the Fifth Maine regiment. First he was hauled around the division, which was formed in a hollow square, then set on a coffin, and a detail shot him. Then the whole division was marched around so that each and every man could see him. It was a sad spectacle and quite differ- ent from seeing a man shot in battle. We returned to camp at 3 p. m. The officer in charge loaded all the guns and no man knew whether there was a ball or a blank cartridge in his gun. Saturday, Aug. 15, 1863. — Brigade dress parade at 8 this morning; orders to have three days' rations and to be ready to move at a moment's notice; we all won- der what is up now; at 11 A. m. we have company drill; at 5 P. M. we had brigade dress parade. Sunday, Aug. 16, 1863. — Company inspection at 9 A. M. ; some of the boys at- tended services at the Episcopal church in town; text, Romans 1:16; very warm to- day; dress parade in a rain shower this evening. Monday, Aug. 17, 1863. — Cool and pleasant; brigade inspection at 10 a. m. ; the writer was complimented by Captain Packard, inspecting officer, for having clean gun and equipments; this afternoon the writer was ordered to report at brigade headquarters and was sent out about five miles from camp, one mile outside of our picket line, among the Mosby guerillas, as safe guard, at the residence of Jas. Black- wells (red hot Secesh), and he don't like it much; would rather be in camp. Tuesday, Aug. 18, 1863. — Morning cool, warm during the day; regimental drill at 8 a. m. ; brigade dress parade and drill at 6. 30 p. M. ; General Wright was on the parade ground while we were drilling. Wednesday, Aug. 19, 1863. — Morning cool, but warm during the day; battal- ion drill at 8 a. m. ; company drill at 3 this afternoon and brigade dress parade at 5 this evening. 160 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Thursday, Aug. 20, 1863. — Very warm during the day; drills and parade same as yesterday; Lieutenant Frank Wombacker was officer of the day. Friday, Aug. 21, 1863. — Warm; drills and parade same as yesterday;' Generals Sedgwick and Tolbert were lookers on at parade this evening. Saturday, Aug. 22, 1863. — Very warm; battalion drill this morning, brigade dress parade this evening; general policeing of the camp to-day; a general tear-up in camp to-day, one company all under arrest; the major on a big drunk — ^fell off hii horse coming from the parade ground; Company D on rail drill for one hour; the major is badly in need of a rope this evening. Sunday, Aug. 23, 1863. — The companies of the regiment were inspected on the brigade ground at 9 A. M., under supervision of Generals Wright and Russell, our division and brigade commanders; brigade dress parade this evening; very warm during the day; Chaplain Stephenson preached Captain Freeburn's funeral sermon at ri A. M. ; text, Zachariah xiirii — "And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look upon Me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for Him as one niourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for Him, as one that' is in bitter- ness for his first born." Some villain punched holes in all our camp kettles and mess pans to-night before they were issued to the different companies; orders have been issued for company cooks, but the men don't want it that way; they prefer for each mess to cook for themselves; Ed. Miller, of Company B, was put on guard over the kettles. Monday, Aug. 24, 1863. — Morning cool and pleasant and evening cool; battal- ion drill at 8 A. M., company drill at 3 P. M. and dress parade at 6 p. m. ; Company A was detailed for picket at 6 o'clock to-night, with orders to be ready to appear under arms at any moment during the night; our officers are on a raid to-day trying to find out who punched the holes in the camp kettles and mess pans, but mum is the word; they even examined our bayonets to see if there were any scratches on them, then gave it up as a bad job. To enlighten the boys who do not know who did this work, and but few did know, I will state that it was the guard of Company B, and he was the last one to be suspected. Tuesday, Aug. 25, 1863. — Warm during the day and rain this evening; drills same as yesterday; Lieutenant Hilands was out with a patrol all night in Warrenton. Wednesday, Aug. 26, 1863. — Cool all day; company drill this morning and dress parade this evening; Captain Wakefield was officer of the day and Captain Elmaker, of the One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was field officer of the day; prayer meeting in camp at 7.30 P. M. Thursday, Aug. 27, 1863. — It is quite cold all day; we have regimental and company drill and brigade dress parade to-day; Lieutenant Jim Smith is officer of the day. Friday, Aug. 28, 1863. — It is cold all day; drills and parade same as yesterday; officers commenced to make out muster and pay rolls; general policeing "of camp; Major Mills, of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, is field officer of the day, and Captain Quigley regimental officer of the day; a review of all the teams belonging to our Sixth corps to-day. Saturday, Aug. 29, 1863. — Cold this morning and evening cool and windy; we have brigade dress parade at sunset; all quiet along the line except an occasional shot on the picket line. Sunday, Aug. 30, 1863. — Cool all day; company inspection this morning; we had preaching in camp at 10.30 A. M. and dress parade this evening. The writer is still out as safe guard. Five guerrillas came down off the ridge to-day and cap- tured three of our men who had gotten outside our picket line, I think of the New Jersey brigade, and took $63 from them, after which they were marched down the road. Then two of Mosby's men came for me on horses, revolvers in hand and HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 161 hammers up. They hollowed to me to surrender, which I did, throwing up my right hand. I then said, "That's pretty d — d cool." I was scared, being afraid they would shoot. I then told them that I was safe guard, and old Mr. Blackwell, the farmer, told them the same. They were satisfied, said all right, and moved back up the lane. The young ladies ran out and the guerrillas reached out to shake hands. The ladies asked, "Are you Confederate or Union soldiers ?" (This was a bluff for me. ) They shook hands and talked very confidentially for a short time. One of the guerillas was Captain Smith, the other Edwards, the latter being the worst guer- rilla Mosby had in his command. His house was less than loo yards outside our picket line toward Warrenton. Captain Smith's house was about three-fourths of a mile in the direction of New Baltimore. Edwards is the same person who broke jail at Warrenton later. They have been picking up one or two of our pickets every day, who strayed outside of the line. No doubt the three men captured were re- ported as deserted, but they should not have been. They were only foraging, trad- ing coffee and tea for hoe cake, meat, etc. They were at our house before being captured. Monday, Aug. 31. — Cool all day; we were mustered on the brigade parade ground at 8.30 a. m. ; company drill this afternoon; brigade dress parade this even- ing. Tuesday, Sept. i 1863. — There was a heavy mist this morning; noon warm, but cool this evening; drills and parade as usual this evening. Wednesday, Sept. 2, 1863. — Cool to-day; drills and parade as usual; Sam Frain and Coon, of our regiment, came out to the house the writer was guarding and came near being captured by Mosby" s guerrillas. They had to run and get into a corn- field and go for our picket Hne; the guerrillas rode away around to head them off, but they got into camp. Thursday, Sept. 3, 1863. — Cool morning and evening; drills and parade as usual; guerrillas were down in the corn-field to-day until evening; the writer thinks they want to get into some of our camps to-night; I cannot get to camp to report, as they are watching me. Friday, Sept. 4, 1863. — Day cool; drills and parade as usual; the guerrillas made a dash on Edwards', the guerrilla, house, just outside of our picket line, and captured our officer of the picket, belonging to the Third division; our cavalry went after them; they also took the guard ofif Edwards' corn-field; prayer meeting in the regiment at 7.30 p.. M. Saturday, Sept. 5, 1863.— Day warm; company drill on the brigade parade ground this morning; brigade dress parade. The writer managed to get to camp to- day on horseback with the young ladies, and got over to General Russel's headquar- ters and reported what had happened. I have orders to watch the movements of the ladies, as their visit to town to-day is for no good. The guerrillas attacked General Bartlett's headquarters at New Baltimore last night. Sunday, Sept. 6, 1863. — Company inspection on the brigade parade grounds this morning and brigade dress parade this evening. Some of the boys attended church in town. The Third Pennsylvania cavalry had a skirmish with the guerrillas near Mr. Blackwell' s, where the writer is on safe guard. Mosby captured three of our men, and they report one killed and one wounded rebel. George W. Dixon, of old Company D, returned to the regiment. Monday, Sept. 7, 1863. — Company drill this morning on brigade parade ground and in our streets this afternoon; brigade dress parade this evening; warm during the day. Tuesday, Sept. 8, 1863. — We had company drill in our streets this morning and afternoon and brigade dress parade this evening; a heavy mist this morning and some rain, but warm during the day; some firing on the picket line; a lot of new men ar- 162 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. rived this evening for the One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers of our brigade. Wednesday, Sept. 9, 1863. — Drills and parade same as yesterday; morning cool, warm during the day; the writer is still on safe guard; he was down below the house to-day and got two little negro boys into a stone fence after a nest of young polecats; I gave them my bayonet to stick into them to kill them, and then stood back and laughed; they got four; the negroes smelled quite loud, and they had to go home and burfy their clothes; Lieutenant Ed. Swain, who had been wounded, returned to the regiment this evening. Thursday, Sept. 10, 1863. — Battalion drill this morning; company drill and pa- rade this evening; morning and evening cool, noon warm; it is reported that about 100 guerrillas crossed the valley last night toward New Baltimore. Friday, Sept. 11, 1863. — Drills and parade same as yesterday; morning and evening cool, noon warm; five deserters from our army passed the house that the wri- ter is on guard at; Lieutenant Swain was officer of the day. Saturday, Sept. 12, 1863. — Warm during the day; a heavy rain storm occurred this afternoon; brigade dress parade; Lieutenant Hilands is on duty with a detail at the railroad unloading cars. Sunday, Sept. 13, 1863. — Rain this morning and afternoon; brigade dress pa- rade this evening; prayer meeting in camp this evening at 7.30. Monday, Sept. 14, 1863. — Drills and parade as usual; warm during the day; the writer was in camp to-day; the regiment has orders to be ready to move at a mo- ment's notice; our boys are afraid the rebels will take me from the house, and I am feeling a little uneasy, but they will be sharp if they do it; I have my route laid out when I leave the house; have orders from General Russell that as soon as I see them commence to tear headquarters tents down to come to camp; heavy cannonading is heard toward Culpepper; I got back to the house all right; they were all very anx- ious to know what was going on in camp, but they got very little information from me. Tuesday, Sept. 15, 1863. — Warm during the day; orders at 3 p. m. to pack up and be ready to move at any time; left camp at sunset, marched till 9 p. m. and halt- ed within two miles of Sulphur Springs; paymaster is about; the writer has been watching all day to see them tear down headquarters tents; I can see them plainly; I am all ready to dig out across the fields — no roads for me to-day until I get inside of our picket line; at 3 P. M. I see General Russel's orderly on full gallop; he waives his hand for me to go and rides on to relieve three others; I got into camp just as the regiment was marching; the boys thought I was gone up; I took my place in the ranks as usual, and don' t want any more safe guard. Wednesday, Sept. 16, 1863. — Marched at 6 a. m., passed Sulphur Springs, crossed Hedgman's river (a branch of the Rapahannock), passed through Jefferson- ville, took a road to the left, waded Hazle river and went into camp at 10 A. m. about three miles from Culpepper, near Hazle river; marched about twenty miles and every person is tired. 000 Hazle River, Va. Thursday, Sept. 17, 1863. — In camp to-day; some cannonading in front this evening; under arms at daybreak this morning; we got paid for July and August; the writer visited the One Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Friday, Sept. 18, 1863.— We are in camp to-day; rain; boys are sending some money home; orders this evening to move at 7 o'clock to-morrow morning; a meet- ing of officers, in which copperheads were in the majority, broke up in a row. Saturday, Sept. 19, 1863.— Our brigade riiarched back this morning to repair HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 163 the roads; the One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers went into camp at Eldorado Mills and our regiment at Field's Mills; the Sixth Maine went on to Hazle river; Companies A and C went out to work on the road at 3 p. M. ; cool all day; Sixth Maine are putting a bridge across Hazle river. Sunday, Sept. 20, 1863. — Morning cool, noon warm and evening cold; working on the roads from 7 a. m. until 4 p. M.; Company B on guard; Companies A, C and D working on the roads; prayer meeting at 7.30 p. M. ; Lieutenant Swain is officer of the day. 000 Stone Mountain, Va. Monday, Sept. 21, 1863. — We are still working on the roads; finished at noon; went to camp and drew rations; orders to pack up, and at i p. m. marched via Jeffer- sonville, and waded Hazle river; water is deep and swift; camped this evening near Sulphur Springs; heavy frost this morning, noon warm and evening cool. Tuesday, Sept. 22, 1863. — -Morning cold; warm during the day; worked about one hour on the road, then received orders to join the division; went back to camp on Stone mountain and arrived there at 7 p. m. ; orders to be ready to march with eight days' rations; we waded Hazel river again. Wednesday, Sept. 23, 1863. — Morning frosty and cold all day; in camp to-day; we drew clothing this evening; John J. Hight and the writer visited the Eighty-fourth and One Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers to see some of the Hunting- don boys; they are in camp near Culpepper; Bill Cunningham and Captain Skelly entertained us. Thursday, S.ept. 24, 1863. — In camp to-day; orders at 3 p. M. to be ready to move in twenty minutes; orders countermanded before we got our tents down; morn- ing and evening cool. Friday, Sept. 25, 1863. — In camp; morning and evening cool; Company drill from 3 to 4 p. M. ; everything is quiet; Lieutenant Swain is officer of the day. Saturday, Sept. 26, 1863.^ — In camp; morning and evening cool; noon warm; no drill, but dress parade this evening; boys are cleaning up guns and equipments to-day. Sunday, Sept. 27, 1863. — Morning cold; warm during the day; evening cool; we had company inspection at 9 A. m. ; dress parade at 5 p. m. ; prayer meeting in camp to-night. Monday, Sept. 28, 1863. — Moved camp; pickets went out; morning and evening cool and noon warm; Captain Wakefield is officer of the pickets and Lieutenant Hi- lands officer of the day. 000 Near Brandy Station, Va. Tuesday, Sept. 29, 1863. — In camp; morning and evening cool, noon warm; the Sixth Maine regiment relieved our pickets at 10 this morning; some of the boys are fixing up their tents; George Rumberger, of the Fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Corporal Luthers, of the Sixty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited our regi- ment to-day. Wednesday, Sept. 30, 1863. — Morning and evening cool, noon warm; the wri- ter, John J. Hight and A. P. Decker are putting up a tent; Hight, who has not been well, is bossing the job; Lieutenant Swain is officer of the day. Thursday, Oct. i, 1863. — Morning cool, noon warm, evening cloudy; pickets went out; company drill this morning; the officers made clothing, camp and garri- 164 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. son returns for September to-day; Major Miles and Captain Hurd, our Adjutant General, had some words to-day about a cap; a detail is building a guard house. Friday, Oct. 2, 1863. — Raining all day; Colonel Irwin, who was wounded, re- turned to the regiment this evening; our Major Miles is under arrest for some fun he had. Saturday, Oct. 3, 1863. — Morning and evening cool, noon warm; usual camp duties, and nothing new in camp; Colonel Irwin visited some of our quarters to have a social chat with the boys; dress parade this evening. Sunday, Oct. 4, 1863. — Morning cool, pleasant during the day; a heavy detail for picket duty went out to-day; Company B sent 24 men; preaching in camp this afternoon by Rev. James, chaplain of the Third New Jersey regiment; text, Job xxii, 21; Company inspection; we have orders to move to-morrow morning; Chaplain Stephenson, who had been home on a ten-day furlough, returned to the regiment this evening. 000 Culpepper and Raccoon Ford, Va. Monday, Oct. 5, 1863. — We marched at 6 a. m., passed through Culpepper, passed the First corps and camped near Raccoon Ford, or about one mile from Mitchel's Station, at 3 p. m. The writer, with others, was over near the Rapadan river looking at the rebels on the opposite side through a glass. Fifty men went on picket this evening. Our picket Ifn^ is on the bank of the river, and the rebels are on the opposite side. Our pickets relieved the Second corps pickets. While we were marching through Culpepper to-day something attired in female apparel, pre- sumably a woman with secessionist proclivities, located in the second story of a house on the left-hand side, with her head out of a window, was giving the Yankees such a tongue -lashing as only an old harridan can. Finally Company B came along, and, having been previously posted, was prepared for her. We gave her one of the worst blackguardings ever administered to a mortal being, and, if I were to mention some of the opprobrious epithets hurled at her defenseless head, these pages would sear and curl, and they would cause blushes to mantle the brow of the most hardened masculine sinner. It was too much for her, and she withdrew her head, closed the window and beat an inglorious retreat, and it is doubtful if she raised that window again to-day. 000 Culpepper and Mitchel's Station, Va. Tuesday, Oct. 6, 1862. — Morning and evening cool and noon warm; regiment is laying in a field, but expects to move into a wood and put up quarters; orders read on dress parade in regard to two men of the One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers to be shot on Friday for deserting. The writer and fifty-two others of Company B signed their names as being willing to re-enlist for three years more. All quiet along the Rapadan. Wednesday, Oct. 7, 1863.— Up in line before daylight, stood there one hour, then moved camp into the woods, a distance of about 200 yards, and put up tents ; the writer was out at the picket line looking at the rebels across the river, and Gen- eral Russell, of our brigade, put on a private's equipments, blouse and cap and went down to the edge of the water and along the line to see how things looked; our regiment pickets are still out; morning frosty, noon warm and evening rainy. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 165 Near Mitchel's Station, Va. Thursday, Oct. 8, 1863. — Up and in line before daylight; pickets went out and relieved those on line about 4 P. M. ; cool and cloudy all day. Friday, Oct. 9, 1863. — Up and in line of battle before daylight; the division was formed at i p. M. to witness the execution of a deserter of the Fourth New Jersey regiment; we have orders to move at any moment in the night; there is a report that the rebels are leaving; Side Swope and [ohn Westbrook, two Huntingdon boys, vis- ited us to-day; at 12 o'clock to-night we drew five days' rations, which makes eight days' rations now on hand. Saturday, Oct. 10, 1863. — Morning cool, cloudy all day; we drew clothing and ordnance stores; we had orders to pack up and be ready to move at 9 A. M., but re- mained in camp until 6.30 this evening; the whole army is moving back; we halted near Culpepper; our quartermaster sent five days' rations out to the pickets. 000 Culpepper and Rapahannock Station, Va. Sunday, Oct. 11, 1863. — Just at daybreak we passed through Culpepper, and about one mile from there we halted and cooked breakfast; we resumed marching at 4 p. M. , and are now laying on the south bank of the Rapahannock river, opposite the station, cooking supper; at 5 p. m. we crossed the river on the railroad bridge and camped for the night on the bank of the river; the day was cool; our cavalry re- pulsed the rebels this afternoon near Culpepper. Monday, Oct. 12, 1863. — Up before daylight and stood in line of battle about one hour, when we moved back into the woods and stacked arms. At noon we re- ceived orders to cross the river. There was cannonading and skirmishing all after- noon, and we advanced to Brandy Station to support the cavalry. The enemy is falling back. We lay here in line of battle until 12 o'clock to-night, when orders were given to pack up quietly, and we marched back and crossed the railroad bridge at Rapahannock Station at 4 o'clock this morning and camped. 000 Rapahannocl^ Station, Va. Tuesday, Oct. 13, 1863. — Marched at 7 a. m., passed Bealton Station, halted from 12 until i o'clock at Warrenton Junction, then passed Catlett's Station and camped for the night at Bristoe Station, or Broad Run; we have been on the march for about twenty hours. Wednesday, Oct. 14, 1863. — Marched at daylight this morning down the rail- road to Manassas Junction, took the military road via Bull Run and arrived at Centre- ville Heights at 2 p. m. ; formed a line of battle at rifle pits; marched again at 4.30 p. M., took position on the Winchester pike near Chantilla at dark, posted pickets and rested with accoutrements on during the night; we had some rain in the night; fight- ing all day towards Warrenton Junction. 000 Centreville and Chantilla, Va. Thursday, Oct. 15, 1863. — Up at daybreak; we stood in line of battle a few minutes and about 10 A. m. moved off to the right half a mile; about 3 o'clock this afternoon a detail from our regiment was sent out to throw up rifle pits in. our front; they finished after dark; heavy cannonading is heard on the left beyond Centreville; we expect an attack to-day; we drew six days' rations about 12 o'clock to-night; we had some rain this afternoon. 166 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Friday, Oct. 16, 1863. — Up and in line of battle before daylight, and we stood there about half an hour; it is raining and the boys are putting up tents; the pickets went out; about 5 P. M. we had a heavy storm, and at the same time some firing on the picket line; every person grabbed his gun; the writer was in a house cooking chicken; he ran out and got soaking wet, but returned to the house and had chicken for supper. 000 Chantilla, Va. Saturday, Oct. 17, 1863. — Morning clear, noon very warm; a squad of rebel cavalry — about 200 — attempted to drive in our pickets this evening, but they were repulsed; Augustus Raymond, of Company A, was captured; he was sent out as a vidette and got one foot over the fence, when he saw three rebels standing in the woods about ten steps in front of him, ready to shoot; all he could do was to surren- der; the brigade fell into line on very short notice; there was some artillery firing on the right this evening; after dark we were given orders to put up tents. Sunday, Oct. 18, 1863. — Up and in line before daylight; we had company in- spection; preaching in camp at 10 A. M. ; cannonading was heard on the right this evening; our cavalry went out on a reconnoitering expedition. Monday, Oct. 19, 1863. — We marched at 7 o'clock this morning to the right of Centreville, cooked dinner on the bank of Bull Run at i p. m. and then crossed and camped at Gainsville about 6 p. m. , after a hard march ; there was cannonading and skirmishing in front all day; we saw the 5th Pennsylvania Reserves; wepassed the stone house on the pike used as a hospital at the first Bull Run fight; we marched about seventeen miles; the Fifth Wisconsin regiment came back to-day. 000 Gainesville and Warrenton, Va. Tuesday, Oct. 20, 1863. — We marched at 7 o'clock this morning and halted at 2 P. M. one and a half miles northwest of New Baltimore, and formed line of battle ; marched again at sunset and camped at 9 P. M. at Warrentown; morning and even- ing cool and noon warm. Our cavalry is making the rebels move. They had a skir- mish between Warrenton and Sulphur Springs. Wednesday, Oct. 21, 1863. — We are laying at Warrenton to-day, expecting to be ordered into camp; John Ross, of Company B, is sent on house guard; Corporal Roy. Hackenberg and the writer commenced to mess together; warm during the day; some of the Warrenton ladies visited our camp to-day, and they seemed pleased that we are back. Thursday, Oct. 22, 1863, — Moved our camp about one-half mile northwest of town this morning and put up tents; morning and evening cool and noon warm. Friday, Oct. 23, 1863. — Cool and cloudy all day; rained this evening; boys are fixing up their tents. 000 Warrenton, Va. Saturday, Oct. 24, 1863.— Cold and raining all day; boys still fixing up their tents; orders at 4 p. m. to be ready to move at a moment's notice; orders at 5 p. m. to pack up, but soon the orders were countermanded; our cavalry had a fight to-day near Brandy Station. Sunday, Oct. 25, 1863.— Cold all day; orders to pack up' and march at 3 p. m., and marched two miles southwest of Warrenton and formed line of battle ; camped for HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 167 the night in the rear of the line; Hackenburg and the writer were out foraging and got butter, cakes, chestnuts, walnuts, apples, etc.; Colonel Irwin's discharge papers came. Monday, Oct. 26, 1863. — Morning and evening cold and noon pleasant; boys are fixing up their quarters; Sergeant C. Dale, of Company C, visited the One Hun- dred and Forty-eight Pennsylvania Volunteers; at i p. m. the regiment was formed and Colonel Irwin's address was read to us. Tuesday, Oct. 27, 1863. — Up in line of battle before daylight; guerrillas cap- tured some wagons last night between Warrenton and New Baltimore; the sentence of Sam Wellers, of Company B and old Company C, was read to us on dress parade; officers are working on muster and pay rolls; day cold and cloudy. Wednesday, Oct. 28, 1863. — Cold north winds to-day; brigade dress parade; two men of the One Hundred and Nineteenth P. V. , and Sam Wellers and , of the 49th, had their heads shaved and were drummed up and down in front of the brigade for desertion ; prayer meeting in camp at 6.30 p. m. Thursday, Oct. 29, 1863. — Morning cold, noon warm and evening cold; some of the boys are fixing up their quarters; drew clothing; dress parade this evening; Captain Wakefield is officer of the day. Friday, Oct. 30, 1863. — Morning and evening cold and noon warm; boys are building up their quarters preparing for cold weather; pickets went out; Captain Hut- chinson, who has been on detached service, returned to the regiment, as did also Lieutenant Sherwood; Private Joseph Richardson, of Company A, and David Mega- hen, of Company D, were courtmartialed for desertion, found guilty and sentenced to be executed on Nov. 4; in the case of Megahen the sentence was too severe, as he did not desert in front of the enemy, but merely left his post while on recruiting service in Pennsylvania; dress parade and prayer meeting this evening. Saturday, Oct. 31, 1863. — Raining this morning; cold and windy this evening; we were mustered at 9 A. m. by Lieutenant Colonel Hulings; pickets came in; dress parade this evening. Sunday, Nov. i, 1863. — Cool all day; company inspection this morning; brigade dress parade this evening; some of the boys are working at their houses; prayer meeting this evening. Monday, Nov. 2, 1863. — Cold all day; policeing the camp; brigade dress parade this evening; Lieutenant Swain was officer of the day, Tuesday, Nov. 3, 1863. — This is the writer's twentieth birthday; roll call at 6 a. M. , then had breakfast, after which we went to the wood and hewed some timber to put in our house; we came back to camp and had dinner (no turkey to-day), then got ready for division review ; reviewed by General Sedgwick between the hours of 2 and 4 p. M. ; returned to camp, then went on dress parade; morning and evening cool and noon warm. Wednesday, Nov. 4, 1863. — There is a heavy detail from our regiment to-day to go to the railroad depot at Warrenton ; we relieved the Ninety-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers; this forenoon we unloaded one train of oats, and in the afternoon we saw our Second division being reviewed near the depot and unloaded another train; after dark some of us boys at the depot got into a patch of turnips close by and the proprietor got after us; at 12 o'clock to-night we unloaded a third train 'of corn and oats; morning and evening cool and noon very warm. 168 HtSTOfeY 49TH tENNSYLVANlA VOLUNTEERS. Rapahannock Station, Va. Thursday, Nov. 5, 1863. — Our men got relieved at the depot at 8 o'clock this morning by the Fourth New Jersey regiment; a man of the New Jersey brigade was drummed from left to right of their brigade to-day; morning frosty, noon warm; we had dress parade this evening. Friday, Nov. 6, 1863. — Company drill at i p. m. ; Wellers was to be shot to- day, but the execution was postponed until further orders; we have orders to move to-morrow morning; we drew five days' rations; dress parade this evening; the day was pleasant. Saturday, Nov. 7, 1863. — We moved at daybreak. Soon Companies B, C and D were deployed to skirmish the front and flanks of the column, and came in contact with rebel pickets near Rapahannock Station. We formed line of battle, halted and looked at the rebels awhile. The Sixth Maine regiment relieved our Forty-ninth skirmishers, and we took our places in the regiment. A rebel officer rode towards our line and several shots were exchanged, and he left as fast as he came. At about 2 p. M. we advanced, and our batteries on the right flank opened on the rebel works, which were on the north bank of the river. Now the Sixth Maine skirmishers moved forward slowly. Our formation was the Fifth Wisconsin on the left, Forty ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers in the center and the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers on the right. We slowly advanced, and about 4 P. M. the skirmishers (Sixth Maine) ad- vanced and commenced firing, driving the rebel skirmishers back to their works. We advanced slowly in line of battle, under cover of a blufl of ground. At the foot of this bluff was a small stream (mill race). Some of our boys got a little wet in crossing it, but in less than five minutes we were up on the almost level plane. The rebel works were about 500 yards in our front, and the Sixth Maine skirmishers were now almost up to the works, but the rebels pushed them back a little. General Rus- sell gave us orders to charge, and in less than two minutes he gave us orders to not double quick, but to run — that they were driving the Sixth Maine. We see them, and obey his orders. Now the Sixth Maine advances again. We did our best to assist them, but received plenty of grape and cannister from the rebel batteries. We soon were up to their works, and using our bayonets and butts of our guns. The rebels were very stubborn. The Sixth Maine had a regular hand-to-hand conflict. It is getting dark, but we have their works. Some of the rebels tried to get away across the river on the pontoon bridge, but we had command of it, the river being not over fifty yards from us. Squads of them would start to run across the bridge and we would give them a volley. Many of those who got hit, fell into the river, which was very deep. We had everything under our control. Now the Fifth Maine and the 121st New York regiments came in from the right and helped gather up the prisoners, and they get just as much credit from our Generals as our brigade does. They deserve some credit, but Russell's brigade did the work, and credit is due us. So reader, place the credit where it belongs — let it be private, officer, regiment or bri- gade. We have all their works — batteries and horses, pontoon bridge, sixteen hun- dred small arms, seven stands of rebel colors, one flag staff and eighteen hundred prisoners. In the charge, the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers being on the right and anxious to get to the fort quick as possible, came in on the left, oblique, lapping over about two companies of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, which caused some little dissatisfaction in the brigade^to-night. Recollect the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers had but four companies. About this time Corporal Henry B. Minnichan with eighteen men, was quickly sent down to our end of the pontoon bridge to keep the rebels from setting fire to the other end. Soon the Colonel of the Forty-ninth New York regiment was ordered to relieve him. The Colonel asked where the offi- cer in command was. "Here I am," answered Corporal Minnichan. "You!" "Yes, sir; me and the bridge is safe," responded the Corporal. The Colonel then RAPAHANNOCK STATION BATTLEFIELD. Dr. by H. S. W. 170 HISTORY 4gTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. said, "Well, Corporal, I will relieve you." He was very much surprised to know that a Corporal had charge of such an important position. Our boys are running around over the battlefield hunting up the dead and wounded. The following is the list of killed and wounded of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers: KILLED. Private D. Delany, arm, Co. A. Thomas Benjamin, Co. A. P"^^*^ Adam Grier, arm, Co. A. George W. Wilson. Co. A. P^^^^e Gideon Wolf, chest, Co. D. George Harleman, Co. D. ^"^^^6 Wm. Farris, arm, Co. A. Richard McQuillan, Co. B. P^^^^e John A. Kistler, leg, Co. A. Private John P. Patterson, head, Co. A. WOUNDED. pj.j^^jg ^^_ ^jjig_ j^g^^_ ^^ ^ Captain A. Boyd Hutchinson, face. Corporal J. W. Campbell, arm, Co. B. Lieutenant James T. Stewart. Private John Holliday, hand, Co. B. Sergeant J. D.W. Henderson, thigh, foot. Private Wm. McAlevy, hand, Co. B. Corporal Griffith Lytle, leg, Co. C. Private James Andrews, Co. A. Private Geo. W. Smith, ankle, Co. A. Lieutenant Colonel Hulings' horse. Private Robert Taylor, thigh, Co. A. LOSS AT RAPAHANNOCK STATION. KILLED. WOUNDED. TOTAL. Sixth Maine Regiment — Officers 3 13 16 Enlisted men 40 94 1 34 Fifth Wisconsin Regiment — Officers 2 6 8 Privates 7 47 24 One Hundred and Nineteenth P. V. Regiment — Officers i i 2 Privates 6 35 41 Forty-ninth P. V. Regiment — Four Companies — Officers 2 2 Privates 4 15 ig Total loss in brigade 63 213 276 Headquarters Third Brigade, ) Nov. 9, 1863. j General Order No. 51: Officers and Soldiers — Your gallant deeds of the 7th of November will live in the annals of our country and will be not the least glorious of the exploits of the Army of the Potomac. But your general cannot but express to you himself his congratulations upon your success and his appreciation of your daring and gallantry. To have carried by storm with a mere skirmish line and a feeble support in numbers powerful earth- works, a strong natural position, manned by the flower of the rebel army and strengthened by artillery, would be an achievement that a division of our forces might well feel pride in, but it was not too much for the gallant sons of Maine and Wiscon- sin. The hearty, generous and glorious support of Pennsylvania in the strife as rep- resented by the Forty-ninth and One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Volun- teers, in this brigade, should serve to bind yet closer together the east, the middle and the west. To her troops belong no small share of the victory. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 171 The general felt confident that soldiers who in camp observed all the strict rules of military life with fidelity would prove equally reliable in the field, and in this his first essay of your prowess you exceeded his most sanguine expectations. With the actual results of your engagement you are all too familiar to render any recapitulation unnecessary, but there is the further reflection to offset the sadden- ing influence of the loss of your well-tried and courageous brothers-in-arms that any subsequent attack upon your opponents, better prepared and strengthened as they would have been attended with a yet sadder and, it may be, a less successful result. And it is just and fitting here to acknowledge the soldierly conduct and valuable assistance of Colonel Upton and his gallant regiments, the Fifth Maine and the One Hundred and Twenty-first New York. Prompt in their support, they deserve our heartiest thanks, as by their bravery they won a large share of the honors of the day. The banners of all these regiments should bear the name "Rapahannock" to perpetuate so long as the banners shall endure, dropping and shredding away though they may for generations, the proud triumph won by them on the 7th of No- vember, 1863. • By command of Brigadier General D. A. Russell. C. H. HURD, Assistant Adjutant Genei'al. Headquarters of the Right Column, ) Nov. 8, 1863. ) General Order No. i. The General commanding the Right Column congratulates the troops of his command on the admirable success which attended the operations of yesterday. The enemy was attacked in an entrenched position of great strength, in enclosed works defended by artillery and infantry, and compelled to surrender after a sharp conflict to an assaulting column actually inferior in numbers to the forces defending the works. Four pieces of artillery, four caissons filled with amunition, the enemy's pontoon bridge, eight batde flags, 2,000 stand of small arms, 1,600 prisoners, including 130 commissioned officers, are the fruits of the victory. The prompt advance of the Fifth Corps to the river from the right of its line simultaneously with the troops of the Sixth corps are worthy of high praise. The taking of the heights on the right by Neill's and Shaler's brigades of the Sixth corps, under General Howe, to obtain position for the batteries, was admirably accomplished. The assault of the storming party, under General Russell, conducted over rough ground in full fire of the works, could not be surpassed in steadiness and gallantry. The brigades of Colonel Elmaker and Colonel Upton, and the troops of the Fifth corps, which participated in the assault, have nobly earned the admiration and grati- tude of their comrades and commanders. The Sixth Maine and Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers, for carrying the redoubts; i2ist New York, Fifth Maine, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers and 119th Penn- sylvania Volunteers, for taking the line of rifle pits, with the bayonet, and seizing the enemy's bridge, deserve especial honor. By command of Major General Sedgwick. M. L. McMahon, Chief of Staff and Assistant Adjutant General. \ Headquarters Army of the Potomac, Nov. 9, 1863. General Order No. ioi. The commanding general congratulates the army upon the recent successful pas- sage of the Rapahannock in the face of the enemy, compelling him to withdraw to his entrenchments behind the Rapidan. 172 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. To Major General Sedgwick and the officers and men of the Sixth and Fifth corps, particularly the storming party under Brigadier General Russell, his thanks are due for the gallantry displayed in the assault on the enemy's entrenched position at Rapahannock Station, resulting in the capture of four guns, 2000 stands of arms, eight battle flags, one bridge train and 1600 prisoners. To Major General French and the officers and men of the Third corps engaged, particularly to the column commanded by Colonel Detrobiame, his thanks are due for the gallantry displayed in crossing at Kelly's ford and sieging of the enemy's en- trenchments and capture of over 400 prisoners. The commanding general takes great pleasure in announcing to the army that the president has expressed his satisfaction with its recent operations. By command of Major General Meade. S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General. Sunday, Nov. 8, 1863. — We were up before daylight; cooked breakfast; walked over the battlefield and are burying our dead this forenoon; the Sixth Maine has lost thirty-seven killed; they are laying in the fort in one row; General Sedgwick lopked at them and shed tears; they also had ninety-nine wounded; we feel sad for our brave Sixth Maine and our loss in the brigade, but every person is elated over our victory; we crossed the river on the pontoon bridge at 3 P. M. and advanced on the right of the Orange and Alexandria railroad to near Brandy Station, formed line of battle and halted for the night; some cannonading in the direction ot Culpepper this evening; cold and windy all day. Monday, Nov. 9, 1863. — Our cavalry is going back towards the river this morn- ing; we marched at 3 P. m., after drawing two days' rations, to the right about two miles, and formed a line on a hill and camped for the night; cold and windy all day; some snowflakes falling; this evening it is storming; pickets went out, and they got on the line at 9 o'clock. 000 Near Brandy Station, Va. Tuesday, Nov. 10, 1863. — Very cold; snowed some last night; a detachment of fifty men, with equal number of commissioned and non-commissioned officers, and the same from the other regiments in the brigade, formed an escort to present the rebel colors captured at Rapahannock Station on the evening of Nov. 7 to General Meade at army headquarters; we got back to camp just at dark, and after dark the writer is detailed for picket, and he don't like it much after being to Meade's head- quarters; pickets formed, then went to quarters: picket line was advanced a quarter of a mile to-day. Wednesday, Nov. 11, 1863. — Cold and windy all day; moved our camp about one mile into a wood of heavy oak timber; pickets went out along the Hazle river at 8 a. m. ; writer was out foraging from the picket line and returned soon with half a bushel of turnips. Thursday, Nov. 12, 1863. — Pleasant to-day; pickets got relieved at 3 p. m. ; we are fixing up quarters for winter. Friday, Nov. 13, 1863.— The day is pleasant; nearly every person is working at winter quarters to-day; signed the pay rolls this afternoon. Saturday, Nov. 14, 1863. — Morning pleasant; a heavy thunder shower this after- noon; boys still fixing up quarters; we were paid this evening for September and Oc- tober: orders at midnight to get ready to march. Sunday, Nov. 15, 1863. — Raining this morning; pickets went out; cannonading on our left this morning at 8 o'clock; we got orders to be ready to move at a mo- ment's notice; preaching in camp this evening. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 173 Monday, Nov. i6, 1863. — Warm and pleasant; the pickets came at 10 A. m. ; regimental inspection at noon; we drew clothing this evening; Sil Weber, of Com- pany D, was taken prisoner on the picket line to-day; orders from Generals Meade, Sedgwick and Russell were read to us on dress parade, congratulating us for our bravery and success at Rapahannock Station on Nov. 7. Tuesday, Nov. 17, 1863. — Cold and windy; the boys are sending some money home; nothing new in camp; Lietenant Irvin is officer of the day Wednesday, Nov. 18, 1863. — Day pleasant; nothing new in camp; some of the boys are washing their clothes; we had prayer meeting this evening; Wni. Gray, of Company B, returned to the regiment this evening. Thursday, Nov. 19, 1863. — Day is pleasant; regimental inspection at 11 A. M. ; we have orders to get ready for review; quite a lot of the boys are sending money home by express. The following communication was read in camp to-day: War Dept., Adjutant General's Office, ) Nov. 19, 1863. [ Major General Meade, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Army of the Potomac. General: — The Secretary of War received with great satisfaction at the hands of Brigadier General David A. Russell the seven battle flags, and one staff, taken on the recent assault on the enemy's entrenched position at Rapahannock Station, by the storming party, led by the gallant General Russell. The Secretary desires to return his thanks to the officers and men engaged in those operations of the army, which reflects such high credit on the skill vi'hich planned, and the bravery which successfully executed them. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant General. Friday, Nov. 20, 1863. — Our corps was reviewed at 11 A. M. by General Sedg- wick, accompanied by some European officers; rain to-night. Saturday, Nov. 21, 1863. — Raining all day; every person in quarters except those on duty. Sunday, Nov. 22, 1863. — Company inspection this morning; usual camp guard mounted; Martin Lykens, of Company B, was sent to a general hospital; prayer meeting this morning and evening. Monday, Nov. 23, 1863. — Morning cool; pleasant during the day; orders to get ready to march to-morrow morning. Tuesday, Nov. 24, 1863. — Raining all day; marching orders are countermand- ed; we were packed up. Wednesday, Nov. 25, 1863. — Day pleasant; orders to. move at daybreak to- morrow; a detachment of ninety-two conscripts came to our regiment at 12 o'clock to-night; Lieutenant Thompson brought them. Thursday, Nov. 26, 1863. — Marched at 7 A. m. via Brandy Station and Danna Mills, crossed the Rapidan river on pontoon bridge about i o'clock to-night above Germania Mills, and camped about one-half mile from the river; after marching about twenty-five miles; evening cold. 000 Locust Qrove, Va. Friday, Nov. 27, 1863. — Up before daylight, cooked breakfast, packed up, soon moved off and formed line of battle; artillery firing and skirmishing on our right this forenoon; about 2 p. m. we moved about one mile to the left; the Third corps is fight- ing in our front; at about 4 p. M. our Sixth corps is ordered forward to support the Third corps, and we are ordered to double-quick; rebels battery has command of the main road; a shell comes flying over our heads, and Captain Quigley is wounded 174 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERS. and Martin Haler is knocked down by the concussion of the shell; soon we come to General French sitting on his horse at the side of the road. From his appear- ance he has been on the skirmish line, or some place else. He tries to encourage us to hurry in, but we are doing the best we can, and don't think he knows what he is talking about. Some of our boys says, "Damn you, go in yourself." In less than five minutes we have a line of battle formed in a field. Company B is quickly de- ployed as skirmishers and went forward in double quick. We relieved the skirmish- ers of the Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, who had been losing some men. It is now dark and the firing has ceased. We lay here for the night. Don't know what is in our front. 000 Mine Run, Va. Saturday, Nov. 28, 1863. — ^We marched at i o'clock this morning to the left in the woods. Not one opening or field did we see during our march of about six miles. It is now daylight and we join the Second corps in an open country. The fog is very heavy, and we are halted and commence to make coffee. A false alarm — rebels are coming — and every person grabs his gun, and into line about face for- ward. Company B marches right over the breakfast table of General Howe and staff, who had a cloth spread on the ground and wert- seated all around. It was laughable to see the marks of the boys' feet on the white tablecloth. Some of our boys said, "General, we can't help it; we are only obeying orders." Every person laughed. We advanced about ten steps when we learned it was a part of the Sec- ond corps coming in, and no rebels. We soon moved off to the left and formed line of battle; in our front is Mine Run. The rebels had a strong position on a ridge a half mile away, and they presented a bold front. We had a good view of their works, and this evening we could see the rebels marching to the left. It rained all day. Sharpshooters were firing all day. The pickets went out. At 2 o'clock to- night we had to get up and draw three days' rations. Sunday, Nov. 29, 1863. — Up at baybreak and cooked breakfast; sharpshooters are firing all day; General Meade rode along the line at noon; we are building breast- works for the artillery (thirty-two pounders) twenty feet in front of our line of battle; very cold and windy all day; preparations are being made to attack the enemy to- morrow morning, and many of the boys are afraid that this will be a bad move; after midnight the Fifth corps, without knapsacks, passed us and went to the right; we understand they are to make an assault on the right; some snow on the ground; freez- ing and cold. Monday, Nov. 30, 1863. — Up at 5 o'clock this morning and cooked ' breakfast ;' many of the boys are afraid this will be the last breakfast they will have a chance to cook; nearly all are putting their names where they can be seen, so that, if killed, they can be identified; at about 6 A. M. our First division, Sixth corps, is moved off to support an assaulting column (Pennsylvania Reserve corps); we halt in a piece of wood; the rebel position is a strong one, and we are satisfied that it will be impossi- ble to take it; many remarks are made that the Pennsylvania Reserves will get cut to pieces; we talked to some of them and they are in good spirits; about 8 A. M. the Fifth Wisconsin and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers are run out on a double- quick to the front to support a battery that is taking position; the rebels open fire on our battery before it gets into position, and a terrible shower of shot and shell comes from the rebels' strong works; soon it is shot for shot; many of the horses are down, one caisson knocked out and several of the gun carriages hit; we are expecting to see the assaulting column move forward; our artillery duel lasted about half an hour; the assault has been abandoned and every person is well pleased; we move about 200 yards to the left into the wood, out of range, and make fires and remain here during HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 175 the day; after dark we move back to where we left in the morning and take our po- sition in the rear of our thirty-two pounders; our brigade pickets, under Major Fuler, of the Sixtli Maine, are still out; they are having a cold night of it. Tuesday, Dec. i, 1863. — Very cold. We remained inactive all day, and there was no firing, except an occasional shot on the picket line. The rebels are throwing up earthworks. At dark we and the whole army moved back and crossed the Rap- adan at Germania Ford. Some one put a match to a rebel tannery near Mine Run, and it makes a nice fire. We smell the leather burning and the country is illumni- nated. After crossing the river we moved back about two miles and cooked break- fast. Our brigade pickets were left on the line until every person had gone. They expected to all be taken prisoners, and they did not leave the line until after mid- night, when they moved rapidly, and caught up with the brigade after we had crossed the river. Wednesday, Dec. 2, 1863. — We marched at 8 a. m., and after traveling about two miles went into camp; we have a report this evening that we are going back to our old camp near Brandy Station; cold all day. 000 Back to Brandy Station, Va. Thursday, Dec. 3, 1863. — Marched at 7 A. M. via Stephensbnrg and Brandy Station and arrived in our old camp at 2 p. M. ; out of rations and every person hun- gry; drew rations at 10 o'clock to-night, and at 11 o'clock we got orders to be ready to move at a moment's notice; it is reported that the rebels are crossing the Rapidan river; weather is moderating; Lieutenant McDonald, of Thirteenth Pennsylvania cav- alry, visited us this evening. Friday, Dec. 4, 1863. — Marching orders countermanded; report in camp that we are going to put up breastworks; boys are cleaning up their guns and equipments to-day; our tents are fixed up and every person is happy. Saturday, Dec. 5, 1863. — In camp; at 3 p. m. we got orders to be ready to move at a moment's notice; Lieutenant A. T. Hilands is transferred to new Company F; camp guard mounted at 4 p. m.; a detail to go to Rapahannock Station to-day to make roads; Captain Wakefield was officer of the day. Sunday, Dec. 6, 1863. — Marching orders were countermanded; Company in- spection and preaching this morning; our conscripts received guns to-day; cold all day. Monday, Dec. 7, 1863.— This is a splendid day, but cool; the detail is working on the roads; some of the boys are building their quarters up higher. Tuesday, Dec. 8, 1863.— Cold to-day; dress parade this evening; our conscripts were out with the regiment for the first time; the boys are busy building their quar- ters. Wednesday, Dec. 9, 1863 —Pickets went out this morning; day cold; the su- pernumery non-commissioned officers who were sent to Pennsylvania on recruiting service last January, returned to the regiment this evening; the detail is still working on the roads; Captain Hutchinson was officer of the day. Thursday, Dec. 10, 1863. — Pickets came in and our fatigue party that went out on the 5th is relieved; dress parade this evening; day is cold. Friday,, Dec. 11, 1863.— Day cold; dress parade this evening; orders came that there are to be furloughs granted; a detail cleaning up the camp; Sergeant Giles and Sergeant Lego, of the Thirteenth Pennsylvania cavalry, visited us to-day. Saturday, Dec. 12, 1863. — Raining nearly all day, and still raining to-night; nothing new in camp. Sunday, Dec. 13, 1863. — Company inspection; quite a number of ours boys started home on furlough at 9 o'clock to-night; raining hard to-night. 176 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Monday, Dec. 14, 1863. — Some rain during the day, with high winds; this morning very cold; pickets went out; Al Greene, of the Sixth Maine regiment, paid us a visit this evening; more of the boys started home on furlough to-day; some of our boys are in the woods getting out timber for their houses. Tuesday, Dec. 15, 1863. — About 2 p. m. we were ordered underarms; we did not know what it meant; after we marched from camp a short distance we were formed for review. The meaning of our being called out was soon explained, "the Russians, the Russians" had come to look at us. We presented arms as they passed, and they took off their caps and looked well pleased. We then marched past them, and they again took off their caps. We returned to camp and the Russians went — well, we don't know where. They seemed to be poor horsemen, as they appeared to get ahead faster than the horse. The legs of one fellow's trousers had an upward ten- dency, for they worked up to the knees, exposing what had been once white hose, ditto drawers, etc. The make up was General Meade and Russian naval officers from the fleet at Alexandria, Va. William Naylor, of Company C, died to-night. Day is cold. Wednesday, Dec. 16, 1863. — Day pleasant and cool; nothing of any import- ance going on in camp to-day, except a general policing of the camp; some of the boys are on a tare to-night; pickets went out; the line is still across the Hazle river; all quiet. Thursday, Dec. 17, 1863. — Commenced raining about i o'clock this morning and continued all day; trees are covered with ice. Friday, Dec. 18, 1863. — Raining nearly all night, and it is very smeary in camp to-night; dress parade this evening; veterans are enlisting to-day. Saturday, Dec. 19, 1863. — Cold all day; we received a detachment of 82 con- scripts for our regiment this evening; Lieutenant Thompson brought them; cold all day; very cold this evening. Sunday, Dec. 20, 1863. — Company inspection this morning; dress parade this evening; very cold and freezing all day; the new men that came yesterday are busy building quarters. Monday, Dec. 21, 1863. — Cold all day; dress parade this evening; very dull in camp; no signs of moving; Lieutenant Thompson left this morning for Carlisle, Pa., for new men. Tuesday, Dec. 22, 1863. — Three days' pickets went out to-day; cold duringthe day; evening cloudy; Colonel Hulings was officer of the pickets. Wednesday, Dec. 23, 1863. — Some snow this morning; cold during >he day; evening very cold and northwest winds; the writer is on picket, but got permission to go to camp; signed my name to join the veteran corps, or re-enlist; Lieutenant Hil- ands is officer of the picket to-day. Thursday, Dec. 24, 1863. — Cold during the day, dress parade this evening; nearly all our boys have re-enlisted to-day, from which time papers will be dated. Friday, Dec. 25, 1863. — (Christmas); morning frosty and cold, afternoon cloudy, evening clear; pickets came in 10 this morning; were relieved by a part of the Third division, Sixth corps; dress parade this evening; few and far between — turkey dinners in the camp of the Forty- ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Saturday, Dec. 26, 1863. — Morning frosty and cold, and cold all day; the boys who re-enlisted are being examined and sworn into the United States service for three years more; forty-four of Company B were in the lot to-day; dress parade this evening. Sunday, Dec. 27, 1863. — Officers were working at the veteran rolls all day; company inspection this morning; it has rained all day, and is still raining this even- ing; preaching at the guard house at 11 this morning. Monday, Dec. 28, 1863.— Rained all night and is still raining to-day; officers busily engaged in filling up discharges and furloughs for veterans; John C. Ross, of HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 177 Company B, got a box of eatables from home to-day; the writer is messing with him — Hve we will. Tuesday, Dec. 29, 1863. — Mud in camp knee deep; officers still busy making out rolls; veterans are being mustered for pay by Captain Dolton, adjutant general to General Wright. Wednesday, Dec. 30, 1863. — Officers are busy all day making out rolls; morn ing cold; ground slightly frozen; clear and warm during the day; dress parade this evening. Thursday, Dec. 31, 1863. — Rained all day; very muddy; mustered for pay; fifty- five more conscripts arrived for our regiment, many of our boys are on picket to-day across Hazle river; Lieutenant McClellan, of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volun- teers, and Lieutenant Holt, of the Sixth Maine, are in command of the pickets of our brigade; some firing in camp, shooting off the old year; orders to move, butcounter- ma'nded; 10 P. M. — good night, 1863. Friday, Jan. i, 1864. — Cleared off this morning; orders this morning to pack up and be ready to move at a moment's notice; marching orders countermanded at i p. M. ; the orders were to go to Washington by rail. Saturday, Jan. 2, 1864. — Very cold and windy; mud is frozen up; pickets went out; usual camp guard mount; dress parade this evening. Sunday, Jan. 3, 1864. — Very cold all night; pickets came in this morning, and they say it was very cold on the line; the writer got a box of eatables from home to-day, and our mess will live fat for a few days ; dress parade this evening. Monday, Jan. 4, 1864. — Veterans received their discharge for old enlistment, got paid and received thi-ir furloughs, and at 11 P. M. they left camp for home; the regi- ment at 3 P. M. got orders to be ready to move with eight days' rations, but soon the orders were countermanded; snowing all day; the furlough is for thirty-five days. Tuesday, Jan. 5, 1864. — The ground is covered with snow this morning; report in camp that we are going to move in a day or two. Wednesday, Jan. 6, 1864. — Cold to-day, with the appearance of more snow; usual camp duties. Thursday, Jan. 7, 1864. — Very dull in camp to-day; Lieutenant Hilands drilled the drafted men to-day for the first time; nine more of our regiment re-enlisted to- day and got paid and started for home; weather is very cold. Friday, Jan. 8, 1864. — Snowed about four inches last night and very cold to- day; it is quite lonesome in camp; dress parade this evening. Saturday, Jan. 9, 1864. — Very cold to-day; Lieutenant Smith started home on a ten-days' leave of absence; quiet to-day; dress parade this evening; some of Company B are having music to-night; John Morningstar is playing a violin. Sunday, Jan. 10, 1864. — Company inspection this morning; preaching in camp; very cold last night. Monday, Jan. 11, 1864. — The day is cold; Captain Wakefield got an extra ten- days' leave of absence; pickets went out this morning; new Company F drilled this morning; about all the boys have to do now is to get wood, which is getting quite scarce. Tuesday, Jan. 12, 1864. — Pickets came in at 10 A. m. ; our brigade commenced to picket three days at a time across Hazle river; dress parade this evening. Wednesday, Jan. 13, 1864. — Cleaning up for general inspection; this was a very cold morning, but is moderating at noon. Thursday, Jan. 14, 1864. — General inspection by Captain Packard; the writer was complimented by him for having the cleanest gun and equipments in the regi- ment, which made me feel a little cheap; we have a report in camp that no more can re-enlist for some time; it looks like rain. Friday, Jan. 15, 1864. — Pickets came in this morning; all the regiment not on J 78 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. duty turned out and policed the camp; everything is quiet; weather is warmer and the soil very sticky. Saturday, Jan. 16, 1864. — Beautiful day, but, oh! dear, the mud; boys are cut- ting wood and policeing the camp. Sunday, Jan. 17, 1864. — Company inspection and dress parade to-day; our bri- gade band came to day; this is the first band we have had since our regimental band was disbanded at Harrison's Landing in August, 1862; day is beautiful, but looks as though we will have rain this evening. Monday, Jan. 18, 1864. — Nothing going on in camp of any account; usual camp duties; rained last night; damp today and raining this evening. Tuesday, Jan. 19, 1864. — Nothing going on in camp of any importance; the writer was out for some fun, and made a foot ball out of boot legs and the boys had a good game and lots of fun; Lieutenant A. T. Hilands has been unwell for several days. « Wednesday, Jan. 20, 1864. — Day is pleasant; boys had quite a lively time play- ing foot ball to-day, officers and men taking part in the game; some of the officers got kicked on the shins, but took it good-naturedly. Thursday, Jan. 21, 1864. — Day is pleasant; camp guard mounted at 8.30 A. M. ; the writer is on camp guard and adjutant's orderly; boys are playing foot ball nearly all day. Friday, Jan. 22, 1864. — This is a beautiful day; dress parade this evening; near- ly all our officers are on a drunk to-day and keeping it up to-night. Saturday, Jan. 23, 1864. — Day pleasant; usual detail for police duty; the boys are playing foot ball; dress parade. Sunday, Jan. 24, 1864. — Company inspection this morning and dress parade this evening; everything is quiet; nice and warm to-day. Monday, Jan. 25, 1864. — Usual camp duties; nothing of any importance trans- piring; day pleasant. Tuesday, Jan. 26, 1864.— Camp guard mounted at 8.30 a. m. ; the guerrillas captured three of our men to-day on the picket line, namely : Jacob G. Fink and James Leach, of Company E, and Nelson Shepherd, of New F. Notice — Leach and Shepherd died in rebel prison in 1864; no account of what became of Fink. — Author. Wednesday, Jan. 27, 1864. — Frosty this morning; nothing new in camp; dress parade this evening. Thursday, Jan. 28, 1864. — Clear and warm; Corporal McFarland, of Company B, received a box of eatables from a party in Indiana, Pa., whom he never saw, and the writer got a share of them. Friday, Jan. 29, 1864. — Usual camp duties; dress parade this evening; nearly all the regiment played foot ball to-day; we don't think there is another foot ball in the Army of the Potomac. Saturday, Jan. 30, 1864. — No news of any account; pickets went out for three days; looks like rain this evening. Sunday, Jan. 31, 1864.— Nothing new in camp; rained some last night, and looks like rain again tonight. Monday, Feb. i, 1864.— Rained all last night as dark as pitch; still raining this evening; nothing going on of any account. Tuesday, Feb. 2, 1864.— Weather wet; had quite a thunderstorm this evening; we got about twenty conscripts to-day; boys playing foot ball nearly all day; plenty of fun; had to quit and go on dress parade; pickets came in, ifter having been out three days. Wednesday, Feb. 3, 1864.— Clear and cold; orders for conscripts to re-enlist again; dress parade this evening. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 179 Thursday, Feb. 4, 1864, — Very cold all day; camp guard mount at 8 A. M. ; nothing of any importance to-day. Friday, Feb. 5, 1864. — A detail for fatigue duty went to army headquarters; dress parade this evening. Saturday, Feb. 6, 1864. — Up before daylight; orders to be ready to move at a moment's notice; cannonading all day on the left, and it is raining to-day; we don't know whether we will move or not this evening. Sunday, Feb. 7, i864. — Company inspection and dress parade; still fighting in front; we have been expecting to march all day; still raining; some of the boys are re-enlisting; Lieutenant A. T. Hilands started home on a ten-days' leave of absence; he has been unwell. jMonday, Feb. 8, 1864. — The firing is over and we are not going to march; we hear that it was a part of the Second corps that was engaged. Tuesday, Feb. 9, 1864. — Some of our veterans are coming back from furlough; dress parade this evening; band played for us. Wednesday, Feb. 10, 1864. — Our camp is quite lively to-day since the veterans are returning; from all accounts they had a good time in Pennsylvania; major is in command of the regiment; colonel is absent. Thursday, Feb. 11, 1864. — All the boys did to-day was play foot ball until time for dress parade; the band came over from its camp and played for us; we had quite a large turnout. Friday, Feb. 12, 1864 -—Our boys played foot ball nearly all day; brigade dress parade this evening; Private O'Donnell, of Company A, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and George W. Chandlier, of Company I, Fifth Wisconsin regiment, had their heads shaved, were drummed up and down in front of the brigade and were dishonorably discharged; morning cold and evening warm and cloudy. Saturday, Feb. 13, 1864. — Warm and pleasant during the day; drill in the man- uel of arms this afternoon; dress parade this evening; more of our veterans were paid to-day; Colonel Hulings returned to the regiment from furlough; Sergeant Pinkerton is sergeant of the camp guard and Lieutenant Sherwood is officer of the day. Sunday, Feb. 14, 1864. — Warm and pleasant; company inspection at 10 A. m. ; dress parade this evening. Monday, Feb. 15, 1864. — Regimental drill at 10.30 a. m. ; the writer, with some others, were examined by the doctor for re-enlistment; some of the veterans went home this morning; morning cloudy, afternoon rain and snow; all quiet along the Rapidan. Tuesday, Feb. 16, 1864. — Brigade inspection; inspected by Captain Packard; our quarters were also inspected by General Russell and staff; we have snow this morning, and it is cold and windy this evening; dress parade this evening. Wednesday, Feb. 17, 1864. — Very cold and windy all day; a detail went out with wagons; they got outside of our picket line and skirmished after guerrillas, but did not find them; dress parade this evening; Arthur Rodgers, of Company B, re- turned to the regiment this evening; he had been home sick; suppose he will be courtmartialed, but the company will clear him. Thursday, Feb. 18, 1864. — Very cold this morning, evening cold and stormy; if it keeps on getting colder we will not be able to go out of our tents; Lieutenant Hilands returned this evening; he had been home on ten days' furlough. Friday, Feb. 19, 1864. — Very cold this morning, but is moderating this even- ing; for a little exercise we had brigade dress parade. Saturday, Feb. 20, 1864. — Cold this morning, but nice and pleasant this even- ing; brigade dress parade, and passed in review this evening; Major Miles left for home to get married. Sunday, Feb. 21, 1864. — This was a pleasant morning; company inspection this morning and brigade dress parade this evening by Colonel Clark, of the 119th Penn- 180 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. sylvania Volunteers; he is all right; all the regiment was out; cleaning up the camp; Rev. Harleson, of Ebensburg, Pa., preached for us this morning and evening. Monday, Feb. 22, 1864. — Morning cold, but pleasant during the day; company drill this morning; we raised a flag to-day between our quarters and the officers' quarters; prayer by the Chaplain, then Captain A. Boyd Hutchinson delivered an address; every thing went off nicely ; brigade dress parade this evening. Thursday, Feb. 23, 1864. — Regiment formed at 11.30 A. M. and marched to the reviewing ground; the corps was reviewed at 1 p. m. by Generals Sedgwick, Wright and Russell; quite a number of ladies were present and everything went off nicely; dress parade this evening; warm and pleasant during the day. Wednesday, Feb. 24, 1864. — Day pleasant; battalion drill this morning; com- pany drill from 3 to 4 P. M. ; dress parade this evening; we have to drill two hours a day; our new men are doing fine, but the old men are playing too many tricks on them in camp, such as knocking the barrels off the tops off their chimneys, throwing a handful of powder when they are having prayer meeting in their tents, and blowing the ashes all over them when at prayer; we have to laugh, but it is a shame and should be stopped. Thursday, Feb. 25, 1864. — Very pleasant to-day; battalion drill at 10 A. M. and company drill at 3 P. M. ; Sergeant Christ Dale received a commission as second lieu- tenant of Company C, as' did also five or six other sergeants in the regiment; dress parade this evening. Friday, Feb. 26, 1864. — Company drill at 10 A. M. and dress parade this even- ing; orders to be ready to move; we drew four days' rations and forty rounds of am- munition; pickets came in, being relieved by a part of the Third division; one of our new men died to-day. Saturday, Feb. 27, 1864. — ^The writer went on camp guard at 9 A. M. ; our bri- gade, with the corps, left camp at 9 A. M. and started out to reconnoiter in the direc- tion of Madison Court House, via Culpepper; I would like to have gone along, but I swore when I crossed the river at Fredericksburg on June 7, 1864, that I would never again volunteer; don't know when they will be back; all the sick men were left in camp. 000 Robison River, Near Madison Court House, Va, Sunday, Feb. 28, 1864. — Resumed our march at 8 A. M. and halted at 2' p. m. at Robison river, two miles from Madison Court House; our advance are at Madi- son; our cavalry went to the front this evening, and the boys who are left in camp are very lonesome and a little uneasy for fear the Mosby guerrillas will come into our camp; we camp guards hear this evening that the corps is beyond Culpepper; was cloudy all day. Monday, Feb. 29, 1864. — [Notice, this is leap year.] Regiment was mustered this morning; a lot of the veterans' papers were dated to-day; a detachment of 200 men out to relieve the Sixth Maine pickets; artillery firing in front; it commenced raining at 9 P. M. ; we are still laying near Robison river; pickets are out along the Rapidan river. Tuesday, March i, 1864. — All of Company B and three other companies were ordered out to relieve our pickets on the line at 4 p. M. ; the rain has now turned to snow, and it is very disagreeable; some of Company C went outside of the line to a house to get supper, but was disappointed, as they did not get any; our cavalry is going back, taking with them captured horses and contrabands; we have orders to start for our camp to-morrow at 7 A. M. ; the pickets are putting in a rough night by the fire, one side of them roasting and the other side freezing; there was some fight- ing to-day out near Charlottsville. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 181 Wednesday. March 2, 1864; — Morning cold, ground frozen. We started for our camp at 7 o'clock this morning, and the pickets left the line an hour later. On our march we crossed the Robison river. The sun came out, but we waded in mud all day. We rested at James City, then marched about two miles and stopped for dinner, after which we marched on to Culpper, through the town in mud (any deep- er is useless), then to camp, where we arrived at dark, after a hard march of about thirty miles. Those who had been left at camp got the news this morning that the regiment would arrive in camp this evening. They went to work, gathered up all the beans, rice and pork in the different tents in camp and cooked them, so that when the boys arrived they had a pretty square meal — baked beans, bean soup, crackers, pork and hot coffee. Regiment came into camp like a mob, every one for himself, hollowing and firing the loads out of their guns. Company B is mighty glad there is a square meal awaiting them. The writer got the grub together and helped cook it. 000 Brandy Station, Va. Thursday, March 3, 1864. — Boys drew soft bread to-day; every person is feel- ing pretty good after the march; we had a ration of whisky issued to us to-day; every person has sore feet; heavy cannonading on our left; some of the boys are pretty full to-night, but a little whisky won't hurt them after their hard march. Friday, March 4, 1864. — Morning pleasant and afternoon cloudy; boys general- ly are housed up; dress parade this evening; Major Miles and wife were out to see the parade; some recruits came to the regiment this evening. The writer was mus- tered and sworn into the United States service for three years more. I enlisted Feb. 28, 1862., and had to serve two years before I could re-enlist as a veteran, therefore my papers are dated Feb. 29, 1864, and our furloughs have went in. Saturday, March 5, 1864. — No roll call this morning; morning cloudy and after- noon clear; dress parade this evening; Lieutenant Hilands was mustered as first lieu- tenant of new Company F; preaching to-night in the regiment chapel; all quiet in front. Sunday, March 6, 1864. — Company inspection at 10 a. m. and dress parade this evening; preaching this morning and afternoon; Chaplain Kelly, of the Sixth Maine regiment preached a good sermon from the text. Numbers, xxii:io; veteran furloughs came in to-night. Monday, March 7, 1864. — Company drill this morning, skirmish drill this after- noon and dress parade this evening; Captain Wakefield and twenty-two men went home on thirty-five days' veteran furlough, the writer being one of them; pickets went out; the chaplain of the Fifth Wisconsin regiment took a lot of tracts out to the picket line and distributed them to the boys; day is pleasant; Colonel Burnam is officer of the picket; Sergeant John J. Hight, of Company B, was appointed color bearer by order of Major Miles. Tuesday, March 8, 1864. — Raining this morning and clear this afternoon; the chapel was dedicated this morning, six chaplains being present; our newly commis- sioned officers attended officers' school this evening at the major's quarters; George Wills and Corporal E. Colpetzer came to camp this evening for rations, and on ac- count of the darkness had trouble getting back to the line again; all quiet along the line to-day; the band serenaded Major Miles and lady this evening. Wednesday, March 9, 1864. — Regimental drill this morning and brigade dress parade this evening; Captain Hutchinson received a thirty-five days' leave of absence; preaching in the chapel this evening; day has been pleasant; Captain Hickman came back to take command of Company B. Thursday, March 10, 1864. — Rained hard nearly all day; clothing was issued 182 nisToRV 49Tii fENNSYLVANtA Volunteers. to-day; company drill this morning; pickets came in at lo A. M. ; Captain Hutchinson son started home this morning; Captain Quigley is officer of the day; preaching at 6 p. M. in the chapel. Friday, March ii, 1864. — Morning cloudy and a thunder shower this after- noon ; eleven conscripts came to Company H ; preaching at 6 p. M. ; Captain Hickman is officer of the day; very muddy in camp this evening; officers had a ball to-night, which broke up in a row. Saturday, March 12, 1864. — Day warm and pleasant; no drill to-day; brigade dress parade this afternoon; Dave Megahen was relieved from arrest and returned to duty; Captain Swain is officer of the day; three more recruits came to Company H; boys had a game of foot ball. Sunday, March 13, 1864. — Company inspection this morning; Company B was inspected by Captain Hickman and Lieutenant Barr, and the doctor and Captain Sherwood (officer of the day) inspected our quarters. Dress parade this evening, and preaching at 1 1 A. M. and this evening. Chaplain Kelly, of the Sixth Maine, made some very interesting remarks. The writer found some of the boys who were at preaching services in their tents to night reading dime novels. Monday, March 14, 1864. — Company drill this morning, regimental drill this afternoon and brigade dress parade this evening; some of the boys are out on detail hauling wood; warm this morning, but air is cool this evening, and at bedtime it is raining, and later in the night it snowed; the Sixth Maine chaplain preached for us after dark; Captain Stuart was officer of the day. Tuesday, March 15, 1864. — Cool this morning and some snow; we were favored with company drill from 10 to 11 A. M. ; we have orders to prepare for regimental inspection to-morrow; general policing of the camp this afternoon; brigade dress pa- rade at 4. 15 P. M. ; Captain Quigley was officer of the day; preaching in the chapel to-night; cold and a snow storm this evening. Wednesday, March 16, 1864. — General inspection of arms, equipments, cloth- ing and quarters by Captain Packard and General Russell and staff; regimental dress parade this evening and preaching at 6 P. M. ; some recruits came to the regiment to-day; some of the boys are on a bust to-night, and they kept up a confusion nearly all night. Thursday, March 17, 1864. — Morning is clear and cold; some of the lame, blind and sorry-for-enlisting were sent to headquarters to be examined for the invalid corps this morning; Lieutenant Hilands received his commission as adjutant this evening; company drill this morning and battalion drill this afternoon; some of the boys are having a game of foot ball this afternoon; the paymaster made his appear- ance in camp to-day, and we signed the pay rolls; there was preaching at the chapel this evening. Friday, March 18, 1864. — Company drill at 10 A. M., but it was so windy we had to go to our quarters again; we drilled this afternoon; we have orders to march with three days' rations; Lieutenant Hilands was mustered to-day as adjutant of the Fo'ty-niuth Pennsylvania Volunteers, to date from March 17, 1864; Lieutenant Brat- ton furnished the boys with some ale; Captain Wombacker was officer of the day. Saturday, March ig, 1864.— The pickets went out at 8 A. M. We were paid to-day for two months. Very pleasant to-day, but evening cloudy and stormy dur- ing the night. Some of the boys are on a spree. Sunday, March 20, 1 864. —We had company inspection and dress parade. Some of the pickets came in to-day to be paid and then returned to the line. They report it very unpleasant and cold and stormy on the line. Preaching in the chapel this evening. Monday, March 21, 1864. — Cold and windy all day. About twenty rebel cav- alrymen paid our pickets a visit this evening, but took good care to keep off a safe distance. To-night is very cold. Company drill this morning, battalion drill this HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 183 afternoon and dress parade this evening. Lieutenant Jack Russell is officer of the camp guard. Tuesday, March 22, 1864. — Cold to-day, and the men are housed up to keep warm, and this evening it is snowing hard. A new man in company C shot himself in the arm. Pickets came in at 10 A. m. Boys are sending some of their money home by express. Wednesday, March 23, 1864. — We have seven inches of snow this morning and it is very cold, and we had to sweep the" snow out of our streets. No drills to-day, and the boys are snow balling each other. This afternoon the snow is melting. Captain Swain is officer of the day. Thursday, March 24, 1864. — Morning clear and warm. Company drill in the streets this morning. We have orders to get ready for review and be ready to fall in at a moment's notice. Lieutenant General Grant is expected. This notice is in- tended for to-morrow. Friday, March 25, 1864. — The men are all busy getting ready for review; New Company I, Captain Kephart, with 92 men, came to the regiment to-day; these men are all regularly enlisted; every person out policing the camp; company drill this af- ternoon; it is raining hard this evening; Captain Stuart was officer of the day. Saturday, March 26, 1864. — Clear and windy this morning; Billy White, of Company B, left for home on ten days' furlough; evening cold and very unpleasant; everything quiet in camp. Sunday, March 27, 1864. — We had company inspection this morning and dress parade this evening; preaching at 11 a. m. and this evening in the chapel; every- thing quiet in camp; day is nice and pleasant. Monday, March 28, 1864. — Morning clear and warm; company drill this morn- ing and battalion drill this afternoon; preaching this evening; Captain Kephart was officer of the day; some of the boys are on a spree to-night; the major came out and stopped the muss. Tuesday, March 29, 1864.— Very disagreeable; raining nearly all day; some of the camp guards were taken off on account of the storm; it stormed all night; some of the boys are having a good time in camp to-day. Wednesday, March 30, 1864. — Company drill this morning and battalion drill this afternoon; some of the boys are having a regular Fourth of July to-day; there is a good deal of excitement in Company B to-night; some of our officers' tents were cut open and robbed of blankets and overcoats; prayer meeting in the chapel to-night. Thursday, March 31, 1864. — Morning clear and warm;company drill this morn- ing, battalion drill for one hour this afternoon, and dress parade this evening; extra detail out of the regiment for picket. One of the regiment was arrested to-day on suspicion of robbing the officers' tents last night, but he was found not guilty and re- leased. Every person is mum; it is hard to catch up a Pennsylvania Dutchman. Target practice to-day. Some of the boys in the regiment are having a good time. Friday, April i, 1864. — Beautiful morning, but raining this afternoon and snow- ing this evening; Company drill this morning. Captain Swain is officer of the day. We are having a regular snow storm to-night. Saturday, April 2, 1864. — The ground was covered with snow when we got up this morning; we have to carry our wood now about one-half mile through the rain and snow; snow has turned to rain, and this evening it is still raining, and is cold and disagreeable; some recruits and veterans came to the regiment this evening; roll call this evening. Sunday, April 3, 1864. — Morning clear and windy, and a litde cool; an extra detail for picket went out; we were inspected to-day by our company commanders; preaching at 11 A. M. and at 6 p. M, in the chapel; dress parade this evening. Monday, April 4, 1864. — The sun came out this morning, but at noon it is 184 HISTORY 49TH PENlSrSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. snowing, and it continued to sleet and rain all afternoon. Nothing of any import- ance going on in camp and the boys are housed up. Tuesday, April 5, 1864. — This morning it is snowing, raining and storming and at noon it is getting quite cool; some of the boys held their position in bed this morn- ing until a late hour against fearful odds — our officers; boys had quite a time getting wood to camp through the mud; it is still raining at bed time; preaching to-night at the chapel; Captain Hickman is officer of the day. Wednesday, April 6, 1864. — The rain is over this morning and pickets started out at 8 a. m. ; Captain Quigley is officer of the picket; Berlew, Bruce, Ward, Wil- son and Wills, of Company B, are on one post together; no officer or rebels troubled them during the day and they had a good time; company drill this morning; battalion drill and dress parade this afternoon; plenty of mud all day. Thursday, April 7, 1664. — Fine spring morning and pleasant all day; target practice this morning and battalion drill this afternoon; dress parade this evening; nothing strange in camp or on the picket line; temperance meeting at the chapel this evening. Friday, April 8, 1864. — Squad drill and company drill this morning, battalion drill this afternoon and dress parade this evening; Ben Davis and Billy White, of Company B, returned this evening; they have been home on furlough; everything quiet to-night. Saturday, April 9, 1854. — Rained all night; very disagreeable to be out, and men are housed up; pickets went out this morning, and those who were out for three days came in; Lieutenant Smith is officer of the day. Sunday, April 10, 1864. — Clear this morning; company inspection; preaching in the chapel; raining all afternoon; no mail this evening on account of high water tak- ing a railroad bridge away over Bull run; preaching this evening. Monday, April 11, 1864. — Clear this morning; roll call at 6 A. M. ; as usual, some ot the boys did not turn out; company drill this morning, battalion drill this after- noon and dress parade this evening; temperance meeting in the chapel to-night; Cap- tain Swain was officer of the day; no mail or papers to-day; no trains from Washing- ton yet. Tuesday, April 12, 1864. — Pleasant all day; roll call at 6 a. m. ; target practice from 10 to II A. M. ; back to camp and cleaned up our guns; battalion drill from 2 till 4 P. M. ; dress parade at 5 P. M. ; the boys senf their surplus baggage away to-day; got mail this evening. Wednesday, April 13, 1864. — Day is warm and pleasant; squad drill, and com- pany drill this morning and batallion drill this afternoon ; brigade review at 5 p. m. ; reviewed by Colonel Burnam; Lieutenant Downing was officer of the day; preaching in the chapel at 7 this evening. Thursday, April 14, 1864. — Squad drill and target practice this morning, bat- talion drill this afternoon and dress parade this evening; temperance meeting in the chapel this evening; Lieutenant Robert G. Barr is officer of the day; day is warm; the suders left camp to-day (not for goods); the writer returned to the regiment this evening from veteran furlough. Friday, April 15, 1864. — Day is pleasant; pickets went out; no drills to-day; we are preparing for monthly inspection; raining all night; Corporal W. H. Mauger, of Company A, had a 'squad ol men out chopping wood for the regiment. Saturday, April 16, 1864. — It is still raining this morning, but clear this after- noon; it rained again this evening; there was no inspection on account of the weather; temperance meeting in chapel and election of officers, as follows: Captain Worn- backer, President; Dr. Spratt, Vice President; Sergeant Thompson,, Secretary; Ser- geant McClellan, Treasurer. Sunday, April 17, 1864. — We had company inspection at 8 A. m., monthly in- spection at ID A. M. ; day nice and pleasant. HISTORY 49tH fElJNSYLVANiA VOLUNtEERS. 185 Monday, April i8, 1864. — Our pickets were relieved at 9 o'clock this morning; the Sixth corps was reviewed at noon by General Grant; we returned to camp at 2.30 p. M., and then had a game of foot ball until time to get ready for dress parade; the weather is beautiful; temperance meeting in the chapel this evening; Captain Ed. Swain is officer of the day. Tuesday, April 19, 1864. — Those of Company B who did not get out this morn- ing to roll call had to police the camp; squad drill from 8 to 9 a. m. , target practice from 10 to II A. M., battalion drill from 2 to 4 p. M. and dress parade at 5 p. m., and then had a game of foot ball. George Wills, of Company B, fell over a stump, and both stump and Wills were surprised at the activity displayed in the feat. Billy White and George Wills finished up the day by going to temperance meeting at the chapel of the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Captain Quigley was officer of the day. Wednesday, April 20, 1864. — Day pleasant; we were favored with squad drill from 8 to 9 A. M. , battalion drill from 2 to 4 p. M. and dress parade at 5 p. m. , then a game of foot ball. After supper the boys went to preaching. The boys will march all day and play foot ball at dark. Thursday, April 21, 1864. — This is a beautiful morning, like summer; squad drill and target firing this morning; battalion drill at 2 p. m. and dress parade this evening. Some of the recruiting party returned to-day. Temperance meeting in the chapel this evening. Lieutenant Barr is officer of the day. Some of Company B had to police the company street to-day for not getting out to roll call this morn- ing. Friday, April 22, 1864. — Some of Company B were up to roll call this morning and still had to help police the street; squad .drill from 8 to 9 A. m., company drill from 10 to II A. M., battalion drill from 2 to 4 P. m. and dress parade at 5 p. m. ;foot ball not in it to-day; Colonel Hulings returned to the regiment this evening; Captain Wombacker is officer of the day; day is warm; prayer meeting at the chapel this evening. Saturday, April 23, 1864. — Day pleasant, but windy; general policeing of the camp this morning; target practice at 10 A. M. ; boys cleaning up their guns and equipments to-day; dress parade at 5 P. M. ; some citizens were out to see us on pa- rade; temperance meeting this evening, addressed by Lieutenants J. L. Barton and John Howell. Major Miles started home on furlough this morning. Some of our boys witnessed the flag presentation to the Fifth Wisconsin regiment by the governor of Wisconsin. It was a grand affair. Sunday, April 24, 1864. — Day warm; company and regimental inspection by Major Hickman at 10 A. m and dress parade at 5 p. m. Preaching this evening from the text. Genesis, xv:i. Captain Sherwood is officer of the day. Rain fell all night. Monday, April 25, 1864. — This is a nice, clear morning. Skirmish drill this morning, brigade drill from 2 to 4 P. M., and brigade dress parade at 5 p. m. , after which we passed in review and marched to camp. Preaching at the 119th Pennsyl- vania Volunteers' chapel and some of our boys attended. Captain Swain is officer of the day. Five men of new Company H and three of new Company G deserted to- night. More rain to-night. Tuesday, April 26, 1864. — Target practice from 10 to 12 a. m. ; battalion drill this afternoon and brigade dress parade at 5 P. m., after which we passed in review before General Russell. Captain Robert G. Barr is officer of the day. Day is clear and warm. Wednesday, April 27, 1864. — Pickets went out at 8.30 a. m. ; skirmish drill this morning, battalion drill this afternoon and brigade dress parade this evening, with knapsacks on. Thursday, April 28, 1864. — Practiced target firing this morning. Some of the 186 tttsTORV 49TM PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. boys did not hurt the target much'. Any private who makes the best shot is ex- cused from picket. Non-commissioned officers are not included. We had battalion drill this afternoon and dress parade this evening. James Ewing, of Company H, was accidentally shot while sitting in one of Company B's tents, as follows: After coming in from target practice the boys cleaned up their guns, wiped them out, etc. Sergeant Transne put a cap on his gun, not knowing that it was loaded. He stepped back out of his tent to snap the cap to blow any dirt out of the gun, when the load was discharged, the ball going into Company B's tent and through Ewing's arm, causing it to be amputated. The boys all feel sorry for Ewing's misfortune, also for Sergeant Transne, as he could scarcely speak when he saw what he had done. Day pleasant, but windy. The corps and division officers of the day visited the picket line to-day. Friday, April 29, 1864. — A detail was made to clean up the brigade parade ground, Lieutenant Dale in charge; Lieutenant Colonel Miles returned to the regi- ment this afternoon; he had been home on furlough; we have orders to get ready for inspection; nothing new on the picket line; day is pleasant; it was a little cool this morning. Saturday, April 30, 1864. — The brigade was formed for muster and review this morning at 9 on our parade ground; the brigade was inspected by General Russell and mustered for pay by Colonel Hulings; we returned to camp at noon; the pickets came in at 9 A. M. ; morning cool, evening storming and raining. Sunday, May i, 1864. — Company inspection at 9 A. M. , preaching at 10.30 A. M. ; brigade with knapsacks on was reviewed this evening by General Russell; Gen- eral Burnside moved his corps up to Brandy Station this evening, and we expect to move some time this week; preaching at 7-30 this evening; Captain Wombacker was officer of the day. Monday, May 2, 1864. — Brigade was inspected this morning by General Rus- sell, with Colonel Duffy as inspecting officer, assisted by Captain Packard, brigade in.spector. While inspecting Company B Colonel Duffy or Captain Packard threw two new shirts back out of John N. Patterson's knapsack which he had just received from home, remarking, "You are only allowed to carry two shirts." Patterson stepped back out of the ranks, picked up his shirts and said, "I will carry what I d — d please." The inspecting officer stepped up to Captain Robert Barr and said, "Is that the way you allow your men to talk? Punish him." The captain ordered him on three days' extra picket. We were reviewed this afternoon by General H. G. Wright. We had a heavy shower of rain this afternoon and it is still raining to- night. Tuesday, May 3, 1864. — Pickets went out, and just as they were leaving camp the inspecting officer came in and ordered Patterson out of the ranks, saying, "That is no punishment; make him carry sixty pounds of stone four hours, with one hour's rest." Sergeant Samuel H. Irvin got the stone weighed, and Patterson carried stone instead of going on picket. We practiced target firing this morning. We got or- ders to be ready to march at 4 o'clock to-morrow morning, and we are making pre- parations this afternoon to march. The hospital was sent away to-day and every- thing indicates a move. Six days' rations have been issued. The brigade band played for us awhile this evening. Three or four cannon shots this evening in the direction of Stone House mountain. Lieutenant Thompson returned to the regiment this evening. Twenty-five of our new men have deserted up to this evening out of E, F, G and H companies. Cold all day. Wednesday, May 4, 1864. — Every person up at 3 o'clock this morning and left the camp in tears, on account of the smoke, at 4 o'clock. Patterson is carrying his knapsack in the company with four shirts in it. We marched rapidly via Brandy Station and Stephensburg and crossed the Rapidan river at Germania ford on pon- HtSTOftV 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VoLUNtEfikS. 187 toon bridge. We halted at 5 p. M. two miles south of the ford along the plank road, after marching about sixteen miles. There are troops in our front. 000 Wilderness, Va. Thursday, May 5, '1864. — We resumed our march on the plank road this morn- ing, and Company C was deployed as flankers. Soon our skirmishers came in con- tact with the enemy, and about 9 A. M. the flankers were withdrawn and joined the regiment. We advanced about one mile through the forest in line of battle, or most of this time it was a charge. We drove the rebels in our front like a lot of sheep. On account of the woods and underbrush the four old companies and colors of our regiment was cut loose from our new companies, and are still going ahead. Colonel Hulings rode out and ordered us back. We must get reformed. Some of Com- pany B starts to run down on an old road to the left. After running about 50 yards we capture a rebel Major and his horse. We came on him very unexpectedly, and in an instant the bayonets of the guns of William Blatt, Billy White, John Ginethan and R. S. Westbrook were not a foot from his head. It is a wonder that one of us did not shoot. The major threw up his left hand and surrendered. Ed. Miller and Peter McGonigal, of Company B, join us; they are wounded. They take charge of the major and his horse, and go back fast as they can. We now run back up the road about fifty yards, and with some others form. Now the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers are coming up, and they fire into us. We drop to the ground, and are very angry. We say some bad words and fire a few shots at them and hollow that they are firing into the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Soon we get straight- ened out arid move back to the new companies and form. While going back we find James McCord, of Company B. He is standing up, holding his entrails in; a ball has cut him across the stomach. Our loss in the regiment is about thirty-four killed and wounded. We remained in the line during the night and had several more wounded. There was heavy firing along the line at intervals during the night. Our loss May 5, 1864 (compiled 1897), was as follows: WOUNDED — COMPANY A. Isaac Armstrong, arm. David L. Bausman, left arm. Samuel H. Philips, right arm. Isaiah Pecht, right shoulder. John Stumpff. Samuel R. Zeigler, lost left foot. COMPANY B. James Donegan, head, slight. Joseph M. Curwin, hand. Samuel Hunt, anjl prisoner. Ed Miller, and prisoner. Peter McGonegal, head. James C. McCord, bowels. COMPANY c. Paul Debler, arm. Samuel K. Working. COMPANY D. John Conlin, left arm. John A. Jackson, back. Gideon W. Wolf. Wm. H. McFarland. COMPANY E. Samuel Gibson, thigh. Detrick Fultz, leg. Robert S. Stradley. Jonathan Weiser, head. John Yohn. COMPANY F. Benjamin R. Flickinger, prisoner. Peter R. Irwin, prisoner. COMPANY G. Henry C. Arbagast. Wm. Knisely. Wm. J. Shirk. 188 . History 49TH Pennsylvania yolunteers. COMPANY H. Henry Kemerer. Samuel C. Rhine, both legs. Ira M. Shaver, arm. W. B. Young. COMPANY I. Henry Weipert. James Aurand. Benjamin Brocus. Robert Fetterhoff. KILLED. Franklin G. Phillips, Co. E. Alfred Kline, Co. E. Levi G. McLaud, Co. G. Killed, 3; wounded, 34, prisoners, 2; total. 39. Friday, May 6, 1864. — Sharp skirmishing in our front this morning. We ad- vanced our line about forty rods, across a ravine. Very heavy musketry firing on the left of the line this forenoon and an occasional attack along the whole line. We got orders at noon to build breastworks. There was a very heavy engagement on the right about sunset. This evening a new New Jersey regiment gave away and the enemy has broken through on the right of our line. The rebels for awhile hold our works and have gotten in the rear of our brigade and are advancing in our front. Our rear rank faces about and we repulsed them in front, and soon the rebels are driven from our rear and our line again is straightened out on the right and back into our works. Lieutenant Dick Lytle was wounded in the head on the skirmish line. The woods are on fire between the rebels and our line. Adjutant Hiland's horse was wounded by a shot from our rear and had to be left on the field, and B. F. Davis, of Company B, is also wounded. We left the rifle pit, or our position, about 12 o'clock to-night, and slipped off very quiety. Our pickets are left on the line, with orders to hold the line until the whole column has passed from the right. They re- mained as ordered for half an hour, then left the line and got with the regiment about 3 o'clock this morning. Lieutenant Dale has command of our regiment's pickets. Our loss was as follows: wounded. Lieutenant Decatur Lytle, Company H. B. F. Davis, Company B. Franklin C. Wolf, Company C. Geo. W. McCauley, Company F. Samuel Tinklepaw, Company G. Jacob B. Young, Co. G, and pris. Fred B. Bolig, Company L John K. Hackenberg, Company L Lewis Kuhn, Company I, prisoner. Wounded, 8; prisoner, i ; total, 9. Saturday, May 7, 1864. — This morning found us still marching. We stopped to rest just as the sun came up. Company B is ordered on the skirmish line, and after skirmishing a short time they are relieved by a part of the New Jersey brigade and returned to the regiment, where they remained all day. The enemy attacked the line, but was repulsed. We had inspection at 6 p. m. and at 9 P. m. we again started to march. At 12 o'clock to-night we are near Chancellorsville; Night very warm and dark. Everybody sleepy and worn out. Sunday, May 8, 1864. — This morning found us resting with our knapsacks on in second line of battle. A part of the Fifth corps are hotly engaged near the Cross Roads (a church stands in the corner of the woods). The Iron Brigade, composed of the Second, Sixth and Seventh Wisconsin and Twenty-fourth Michigan regiments were outflanked and broke, and our brigade is double-quicked in to support them, and formed the second line of battle. The front line is fortified. The enemy shelled the woods in our rear this forenoon, doing no harm. There was a good deal of heavy musketry firing along the line during the day. At 6 p. m. we were ordered to charge the enemy's works, the charge to commence on our left, and if successful our brigade was to advance and charge; but fortunately for us, the left succeeded in carrying the works in their front, and we were not ordered forward, although we had piled our knapsacks and advanced to within five rods of the first line of batrie. HAJOR GENERAL JOHN SKDOWICK. Late Commander and Father of the Sixth Army Corj 5 Killed at Spottsylvanla, Va., May tl, 18ti4. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 389 While the charge was being made they opened a brisk fire on our front, which was promptly returned. At this time the Pennsylvania" Reserve corps is laying in our rear loo yards distance enmasse. It is surprising the way they get into line— no noise; everything moved like clock work. In less than five minutes they are ready for any emergency, and both officers and men deserve much credit. At 8 o'clock we stack arms and remain in that position during the night. Our loss in the regiment to this date is fifty five killed and wounded. o o o 5pottsylvania, Va. Monday, May 9, 1864.— We were relieved at 8 A. m. by the Fifth Pennsylvania reserves and moved off to the left on higher ground about 500 yards, and are halted to support our Second division, which are engaged. While here we see an ambu- lance coming, with one of General Sedgwick's aides in rear on horse, and some one says General Sedwick is killed. It passes along the line like a flash. We would not believe the report until Dr. Wilson rode over to the road about 100 yards and saw him. He then rode back and said, "Yes, General Sedgwick is killed or wounded badly. ' ' For a few minutes every person was ttricken dumb and not a word was spoken. We learned afterwards that he was wounded by a sharpshooter in our front at about 10 a. m. and died at a farmhouse a quarter of a mile to our rear an hour later. Many expressions of sorrow are made, and we wonder who will command in "Pap" Sedgwick's stead. We soon are moved off to the left about one-half mile into pine timber, and our brigade puts up rifle pits. Skirmishing all day, and about 6 p. M. the rebels made a charge on our Second division, but were repulsed. We then layed down for the night. We hear this evening that General H. G. Wright will take command of our Sixth corps, and the boys seem to be satisfied. Company C was sent out to picket the left flank of our Hne this evening. The following order is self-explanatory: Headquarters Third Brigade, ) May 9, 1864. ) Orders : Having been assigned to the command of the Second division, this (Sixth) corps, it becomes my painful duty to say good-bye to the officers and men of the brigade, believing you will never tarnish the bright reputation you have so gallantly earned in many a fight. With my best wishes for the success of every one of you, I am, D. A. Russell, Major General. Tuesday, May 10, 1864. — Artillery and musketry firing commenced at 8 A. M. and was kept up all day. Companies D and G are on the skirmish line and are \oi,- 'ng ^ good many men. They are advancing through heavy timber up to the enemy's works. Sergeant Horatio Benner and Corporal William Youts, of Company G, are killed, and some of Company B dug a grave for them while others brought the bodies in. About 3 p. m. Companies D and G are relieved by Companies A and E. About this time our skirmishers are being pushed back a little, but again they advance and compel the rebel skirmishers to fall back to their line of battle and works. During this time twelve regiments are being selected from our Sixth corps as an assaulting column under command of Colonel Upton, to assault the enemy's works in our front. Soon we pile our knapsacks and move out through the heavy timber to within 100 or 125 yards of the rebels' works and halt and form at the edge of the heavy timber. It is now about 4 p. m. Our formation is three regiments front and four regiments deep, and our four lines of battle are at intervals of ten feet. Everything is quiet in our iijimediate front. SPOTTSYLVANIA BATTLEFIELD. Dr. by It. S. W. Major Qeneral HORATIO G. WRIGHT. Took Command of the Sixth Corps May 10, 18C4, and Carried It Successfully Through to the End of the War. Colonel THOHAS n. HULINGS. One Who Was Respected by the Regiment, Brave and True. Killed at Spottsyl- vania, May 10, 1864. Colonel EiMORY UPJON. Who Had Command of the Twelfth Regiment's Assaulting Column May 10, 1864. Lieutenant ColonelJOHN B. MILES. \ Man Who Was Fearless in Time of Battle. Killed May 10, 1861. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. IPl We are laying low, and not a word is spoken above a whisper in our ranks. We see the duty we are expected to perform, and orders are quietly passed along the line in a whisper. Soon as the order is given every man is to move forward on the charge, hollow and take the works. We are ready, and when we got the order, "Forward, charge!" every man in the twelve regiments is on his feet. Up we go, and no rebel army could have stopped us, and in less than ten minutes we have their works, artillery and about 1,000 prisoners. We have taken everything in our imme- diate front, but we had a hand to hand fight. No time now to load our pieces, and many of our boys are using bayonets, butts of guns and fists — anything to ,get the rebels back out of our way. Color Corporal Riden hit a big rebel with his fist be- cause he forgot to drop his gun, and five minutes later the former was wounded. Color Corporal T. H. McFarland was wounded in the arm, and the boys told him to get back, but he said, "No, d — d if I do," and over the works he goes. Lieutenant Howell is in a tight place, three rebels being at him. He cuts one over the head with his cavalry saber, he knocks the second over with his left hand, and Miles Wakefield put the bayonet into the third just in time to save the lieutenant, as the rebel's bayonet was within one foot of the lieutenant's stomach. Lieutenant G. E. Hackenberg, of Company I, grabs a stand of rebel colors from a big rebel, tears them from the staff and sticks them in his bosom. Bob Dav- ison, on the left of the regiment, runs in the advance and captures a piece of artil- lery. All the rebels had left it but a boy, who sat on the gun until Davison laid hold of it and made him get down. On account of his grit Davison would not shoot him, but sent him to the rear. We are now to the second line of the works, or near it. It has taken several minutes to get the rebels out of our way. Here a rebel lieuten- ant, after passing to the rear, orders his men to pick up the guns that our dead and wounded have left on the field and fire on us from the rear. Sergeant Sam Steiner, of Company F, now a resident of Gallitzin, Pa., hears this order, and quick as light- ning he puts a ball into the rebel's back, who threw his' hands up and dropped to the ground. This stopped the picking up of guns. God only knows what they would have done had Steiner not acted promptly. Some of our boys have reached the third line of works, and about twenty-five of us runs to the right about sixty yards for three pieces of artillery that have been giving us grape and cannister. Here some of the Sixth Maine are with the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. We knock them right and left and take the guns from under the noses of the rebels, for they are massed not over twenty paces in our front. They are so surprised that they forgot to fire on us, but let us turn one of the pieces and fire the load into their ranks. We at a glance see that it is impossible for us to stay here. Captain Wom- backer comes up and says, "Who has a rat-tail file or nail to spike these pieces?" One of Company B said, "This is a h — 1 of a place to ask for a file." The writer had hold of one of the wheels, and, although scared like thunder, he was so amused at the remark that he looked up into the captain's face and laughed. George Hamer, Billy White, George Wills, Jim Cunningham, Sam HeflFner, John Ginethan and Bob Westbrook, of Company B; Captain Wombacker, of Company E; some of our new men and a few of the Sixth Maine are at these pieces. I have letters saying that Bob Westbrook took a lanyard out of a dead rebel's hands and fired the shot out of the gun into the rebel's ranks. The writer was too badly scared to know if this was done or not, but recollects sighting over the gun to see if it was pointed towards the house in front. We now see the rebels getting ready to fire onus, and we jump back a few paces. Recollect that these are a new lot of rebels that we have to con- tend with. A ball hits the writer's gun and he is stunned, a little, but soon gets an- other gun. After picking up three Austrian rifles, I discovered one that was not broken. Now the rebels have the guns again and have them turned on us. We are back to the first line of works. Billy White and the writer now slips off to the extreme 192 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. right, to where the works make an angle, and fire at the gunners of these pieces that but a few minutes ago we had in our possession, about sixty yards away. One would scarcely believe that we kept them from loading these pieces — not one shot would we allow them to fire. After we had fired over forty rounds the writer is badly wound- ed; a piece of shell is in his body eight inches. He quickly gets to our colors about fifty yard's to the left (where the rebel flag is in cut), and asks Sergeant John S. Bratton where I am hit. He laid his hand on the spot, and told me Colonel Ru- lings and Lieutenant-Colonel Miles had been killed, also saying, "You get back as quick ag possible, and here, take Miles' sword and sash back," which I did, getting to where our knapsacks were piled up. Major Hickman comes up to me and says, "My God, Westbrook; are you wounded? Where ?" etc. I asked Hickman what he was doing back there, etc., and he said the regiment was back. I said, "No; here are Miles' sword and sash; you are in command of the regiment and don't know it," telling him Hulings and Miles had been killed. The writer is getting weak from loss of blood, and Hickman orders a sergeant to quickly get me out of range. The rebels are now throwing shell where our knapsacks are. Soon I am at our temporary hospital. I now go back and state what is going on at our line of battle. We hold the first line of works about one hour, awaiting reinforcements. General Mott, with his division, has been ordered to come to our assistance, but he has got into a tight place and cannot get up. The rebels are now forming on our flanks. We leave the works and form in another direction on the ground we charged over. Every person is ordered to rally on the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers' colors, which was done, but soon we are overpowered. We fight back into the heavy timber, then fall back to our knapsacks and remain for the night, the Forty-ninth's colors being the last to leave the line. Here is the sadest scene of our army life — more than half of our regiment killed and wounded, our colonels killed, 15 line officers killed and wounded — 230 enlisted men killed and wounded in the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers' regiment. Other' regiments have suffered in proportion. Company C is still away guarding a signal station; Company A still on the skirmish line on the left flank, except Howard McCormick, Charles Brombaugh and James H. Snyder, who had taken Sergeant Thompson back when wounded. McCormick and Brom- baugh fell in with the charging column, while Snyder staid back at the knapsacks. McCormick was wounded and Brombaugh killed in the charge. Company E fell in with the charging column as we passed through the skirmish line, so that we had but seven companies in the charge, and not over 470 effective men. Grant says this was the only time the enemy's lines were penetrated — on the loth or 1 2th. History says, "Had Mott got up to our assistance we could have held the ground. The writer says — nay, impossible. Our Generals and history didn't know what was in our front or what we had to contend with, but any of the twenty-five men who helped capture the artillery on the right and who still live, will say — amen ; the writer is correct. The rest or nearly all of the twelve regiments are on the left and cannot see what is in our front on account of a raise of ground and the woods. This battle (Upton's charge) is one that the world will never know half what was done. Reporters and newspaper men had no business here, and they could not stand back half a mile and see what we did, on account of too much heavy timber. The writer knows that bayonets drew blood and that swords cut rebel gun- ners down with lanyards in hand. The only battle to compare with Upton's charge of May ID, 1864, is Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, Pa. Then the only difference is that Upton's men took all in front, while nearly all of Pickett's men not killed or wounded got back into their lines. Our wounded were left on the field eleven days without having their wounds attended to. Color Corporal Henry B. Minnichan is one who was left, but he set his own thigh. They lived eleven days on three days' rations, and to get water they would scoop a hole in the ground, then spread their gum blankets out, and when it rained water would run into the hollow places, which HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 193 was scooped out of the gum, blankets into canteens. On the eleventh day they were put into wagons and started for Richmond. Our boys can scarcely believe that we only had eight prisoners taken out of our regiment during this battle (except those wounded and left on the field), and these were taken while getting back through the heavy timber after night. Every one of our color corporals were killed or wounded, and Color Sergeant John J. Hight was slightly wounded in the arm, but he stuck to the colors. Captain James Quigley and the men of Company D, also Captain James T. Stuart and men of New Com- pany G, deserve special mention, as they did more hard fighting than any of the other companies. They were ordered forward by the Major of the Sixth Maine and drove the enemy from behind their rail piles back to line of battle and works. Soon the Major of the Sixth Maine saw he had made a mistake and ordered our skirmish- ers to fall back to the rail piles, which they held until relieved by Company A and New E. Boys, you would be surprised it I would mention the names of some who did not go into the charge. I have many of them; no one will ever know who they were. The small dots in the illustration represent the way we got to the rebel works, and the straight dotted line from the rebel flag to the right is the route the author took, then back to where he was wounded. KILLED, WOUNDED AND PRISONERS. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Thomas M. Hulings, killed and left on the field. Lieutenant-Colonel John B. Miles, killed and left on the field. Adjutant A. T. Hilands, wounded. COMPANY A. KILLED. Color Corporal James Riden, Charles Brumbaugh. WOUNDED. Sergeant Alfred Thompson, James T. McCloskey, shoulder. Color Corp. Henry B. Minnichan, pris. John Musserman, James Andrews, lost right arm, Franklin Peters, Benjamin Ingle (Engle), Andrew N. Smith, W. H. Mauger, Aaron Smith, S. Howard McCormick, leg, James Sankey. Killed, 2; wounded, 12; total, 14. COMPANY B. KILLED. Lemuel Robison, Nicholas Harshberger, Thomas A. Reeder, Charles Newingham. WOUNDED. Captain Robert G. Barr, severely, John N. Patterson, arm amputated. Sergeant Samuel H. Irwin, Wm. Blatt, severely, Laurance Crownover, John A. Ginethan, severely, Henry S. Daugherty, John S. Gearhart, Joseph W. Shields, Nickolas Everets, Jacob Bruce, leg amputated, Wm. H. McCord, Samuel Ewing, severely, R. S. Westbrook, severely, Charles Fultz, thigh, D. A. Esterline, Color Corp. Theo. H. McFarland, arm, Roy Hackenberg, George W. Hamer, John J. Hight, slightly. John W. Berlew, severely. Killed, 4; wounded, 21; total, 25. 194 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. COMPANY C. WOUNDED. Sergeant James F. Moore, Robert J. Hall. Total wounded, 2. Company C was back one-half mile guarding a signal station, consequently the loss was small. COMPANY D. KILLED. William Rigg, W. J. Steel, Jacob StuU, Matthew Sneal, Erastus H. Walters. WOUNDED. Samuel T. Frain, foot, William Haines, back, Hezekiah Hendricks, leg, J. Martin Haler, Peter Jodan, arm, David Jodan, shoulder, Campbell McCloskey, Thomas McMain, shoulder, Wm. Owens, arm and leg, Jonas Spangler, arm, Wm. E. Shope, hip, Homer S. Smythe, hand and knee, Elias Walizer, Jacob Workman, hand, Abram Yarger, Philip Wintrode, L. T. Wetzler, Thomas Harleman, arm and head. John Richards, prisoner. Killed, 10; wounded, 36; prisoner, i; total, 47. Sergeant Daniel S. Swires, Corporal W. J. Johnson, William H. Downing, William H. Gladfelter, David Miller, Captain James A. Quigley, Lieutenant John W. Russell, First Sergeant Stephen Transue, hip. Sergeant William SoUers, Sergeant Theodore B. Reeder, Sergeant Daniel S. Daller, Corporal J. C. Montgomery, leg, Corporal Sol Martin, neck and shoulder Michael Caughlin, leg, Wm. Colpetzer, leg, John E. Kunes, Frank A. Brown, arm, Jacob Shriver, hip, Andrew C. Brown, Charles Perry, J. C. Langton, leg, and prisoner, John Arbigast, Andrew G. Bathurst, and prisoner, Sergeant Thomas McClellan, Sergeant Moses R. Starkey, COMPANY E. KILLED. Corporal Andrew J. Naylor, Corporal Levi Heinbach. WOUNDED. Sergeant John D. Gellespie, Luther Bennett, Corporal Joseph P. Henry, Joseph Harris, Corporal George W. McCafTerty, leg, Thomas J. McDermit, arm. Corporal David H. Johns, John Mull, head, Peter S. Rhine, leg. John G. Blair, prisoner. Killed, 4; wounded, 9; prisoner, i; total, 14. Corporal Gehazi Labar, Joel D. Burdick, COMPANY F. KILLED. Henry S. Rozell, David R. Sh&ffer, HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 195 COMPANY F.— Continued. John Mensch, Richard Moyer, Jerry Rabos, Sergeant R. R. Davison, severely, Samuel Stiner, neck. Sergeant James S. Wharton, breast. Sergeant John J. Cromer, leg. Corporal Joel B. Roberts, Corporal Winfield S. Pew, leg, Corporal W. H. Washalaska, Corporal Dan M. Reynolds, eye. Corporal D. C. Chisholm, spine, William Bressler, and prisoner, Winslow Shumway, Moses Bowser, arm, John Brooks, hand, Jerry Bridge, ear. Lieutenant J. L. Barton, Killed, 11; killed. Samuel Waughen, David Waltman, Amos Yeager, Wm. Young. wounded. Wm. F. Brown, Jerry C. Daugherty, and prisoner, Richard Dye, James M. Ewing, O. Hummingsway, John Kaylor, John Keiffer, Mathus L. Kline, and prisoner, Lewis L. Leib, head, Jonathan Magee, shoulder, George W. McCauley, breast, George Struble, Thomas Trumphower, Joseph Yocum. PRISONER. Samuel B. Stover, wounded, 28; prisoners, 2; total, 41. Sergeant Horatio M. Benner CorporalWm. H. Youts, Perry Bert, H. J. Bixby, Sanderson Brant, Solon S. Cornell, Captain James T. Stuart, Lieutenant Wm. M. Irvin, Lieutenant Joseph B. Downing, Sergeant Wm. Singer, Bruce Whitehead, thigh, Elias Gustin, George W. Sourbier, John C. Eberts, John W. Adams, leg, Henry Ritter, head, Bugler Henry H. Allen, lost arm, Homer H. Burley, Chas. W. Cadin, COMPANY G. killed. David W. Crowley, Eph. Dodge, Thomas J. Dean, James Fordman, Beniell N. Horn, Samuel G. Roe, 'James Troutman. wounded Martin V. Collins, John Dickenson, and prisoner, Wm. Hoose, foot, Lewis Horton, Wm. Kelly, hip. Wm. H. Myers, and prisoner, Peter Mann, shoulder, Newton L Pepper, Eddlebert O. Perry, and prisoner, Seymour Rice, head, Chas. Simmers, leg, W. E. Stephenson, head, Jerry E. Vansice, Jacob Williams. George Leonard, prisoner. Killedj 13; wounded, 27; prisoner, i; total, 41. 196 HrSTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Sergeant John S. Strauser, Corporal- Simon H. Gunter, Adam Fertig, Isaac Keffer, Lieutenant Decatur H. Lytle Corporal O. S. Rumberger, George A. Taylor, in cheek Sergeant John P. Geliespie, Corporal Lewis Carter, Daniel M. Kreider, arm, George H. Sourbier, Peter A. Bolin, John Brown, Domanick Brown, Patrick Hennesey Killed, 8; COMPANY H. KILLED. John Kilpool, Thomas E. Logue, John Shank, Henry Strough. WOUNDED. , and pris., Emanuel Fetrow, and pris., but escaped, John Faladen, leg, Francis Hoover, John Hook, John Landis, Thomas O'Donnell, Val W. Speigleman, Peter Shuman, Samuel Thompson, Michael Welch, leg amputated. PRISONER. Daniel Snyder, wounded, 20; prisoners, 2; total, 30. Captain Wm. P. Kephart, Sergeant John P. M. Griner, Jacob Carl, Wilson Duck, Jerry Derr, Isaac Fetterolf, COMPANY I. W. M. Gardner, Isaac Hock, Wm. H. Herrold, John Michael, Daniel J. Ott, Isaac Reigle, Edwin H. Shrauder. WOUNDED. Sergeant Isaac B. Moyer, and prisoner, George W. Grimes, Corporal Chr\s. W. Rhodes, arm. Corporal George G. Fess, Wm. Bruner, Henry Duke, arm and chin, Benjamin Eschelman, back, John Feaster, leg and side. Daniel Hunner, foot, James Middlesworth, arm, Daniel Riggle, face, George W. Rauch, Peter Rujpenthal, James Swartz, arm, Jacob Steffin, arm. Robert Coxey, prisoner. Killed, 13; wounded, 15; prisoner, i; total, 29. RECAPITULATION. KILL. WOUND. PRIS. TOTAL. Company A 2 12 . . 14 Company B 4 21 .. 2^ Company C — 2 .. 2 Company D 10 36 i 47 Company E 4 g i 14 Company F 11 28 2 41 Company G 13 27 i 41 Company H 8 20 2 30 Company I 13 15 i 29 Field and Staff 2 i . . 3 Totals 67 171 8 246 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 197 EFFECTIVE MEN ENGAGED. Adjutant General Ainsworth letter of Dec. i8, 1897, gives 32 officers and 668 men, total 700. Adjutant A. T. Hilands, of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, gave to William Dorris, of Huntingdon, Pa., who was with the regiment May 13, 1864, 32 officers and 658 men, total 690. The Adjutant of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers seems to be correct. Now to find out how many men we had May 10, 1864: Number given by Adjutant Hilands 690 1. I take off our loss from May 4 to May 10 53 2. I take off Company C, which was away guarding a signal sta- tion since May 9 72 3. I take off" Company A, which was on the skirmish line until noon of the nth, not counting McCormick and Brum- baugh 61 4. I take off those who failed to go into the charge when the or- der to go forward was given, and this amount is not too large 30 216 Total engaged 474 Loss May 10 246 Loss May 12 58 306 Add Companies A and C and those 30, less loss in A and C 142 Making a total of 312 This gives us within six of what Adjutant Hilands gave to William Dorris on the 13th — 306 guns. All former reports of losses by different comrades are erroneous. The 63 per cent loss on May 10, 1864, as given by Lieutenant Joseph B. Downing, is wrong, as to get the above percentage he makes his calculation on about 405 effective men and our loss at 257 men, which at that time we all thought correct, but the 246 names here given (loss) will certainly convince the reader that the writer is correct. J 98 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Spottsylvania, Va. Wednesday, May 11, 1864. — We lay in line of battle until 11 A. M., when we again advanced to the left of yesterday's battlefield and built a rifle pit. We then marched back to our old position. There was heavy skirmishing at intervals during the day, also some artillery firing from our side this evening, but no reply from the enemy. Reports from all quarters are very favorable. Captain Dale's diary says our loss to date is 320 killed and wounded. Adjutant A. T. Hiland's diary says our loss yesterday was 256 men. The Adjutant was wounded in the side yesterday by a grape shot, and to-day he is back at Dr. Knox's quarters. Morning warm, but it rained this afternoon and to-night. Notice our loss 256 by the Adjutant at this date, May 10, 1864. The writer gives it at 246 (Dec. 8, 1897), and can account for the difference; or refer to the names. Thursday, May 12, 1864. — Our troops charged the enemy's works at 3 o'clock this morning. There was very heavy firing of musketry and artillery all day. Our brigade are hotly engaged in the front line. Hancock's Second corps has captured a whole division of rebels about 200 yards to our left. Our regiment is laying in a field about 60 or 70 yards in front of the rebel works; our artillery is standing be- tween us and the rebel works; neither side dare venture to touch them. We are laying on the ground and load and fire at will, but our ammunition is running short. Sergeant-Major Charles McClenahan takes two men and starts back to the ammuni- tion train. He takes one box on his shoulder and the two men all they could carry in their gum blankets. When they got back in range the two men thought it im- possible to get the ammunition out to their comrades, but Sergeant McClenahan in- sisted upon them following him. A commissioned officer told him he could never get up to the line of battle. Charley said he was going to try it, adding, "The boys have shot all their ammunition, and they must have it." He brought his load up to us, then went back and brought up what the other two men had, making three trips each way over this disputed ground, under fire all the time. We held our line, fir- ing over 200 rounds of ammunition to the man. At about 8 o' clock this evening we were relieved by other troops. We move back and bivouac for the night. Here this evening Company C joins us again. They have been away guarding a signal station since the 9th. Some of our boys tried to get to the battlefield of May 10 to- night, but the rebels still have possession of it. From information received since the war Samuel Ewing, of Company B, is still laying on the field badly wounded. He gave a negro $1 to dig a grave for John Berlew, of Company B, and Sergeant Whar- ton, of Company F, both of whom died to-day. He took Berlew' s watch, carried it with him through prison and delivered it to Berlew' s friends in Pennsylvania. Lieu- tenant Dick Lytle is still alive to-day. Colonel Hulings is stripped of his clothing, except shirt and drawers. Notice — Our position to-day (12th) is directly in front of where the tree was shot off. KILLED, WOUNDED AND PRISONERS. May 12, 1864. COMPANY A. killed. Peter L. Miller, John Pollock, Samuel Weirick, John H. Kreider, George W. Beaty. wounded. John B. Rodgers, Orlando Bingaman, leg, George Bingaman, face, Lewis F. Bruner, shoulder, HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 199 COMPANY A.— Continued. WOUNDED. Alfred Cope, arm, John H. Gross, breast, B. F. Johns, J. H. Patton, thigh, Jacob R. Runyon, shoulder. Killed, 5; wounded, 9; total, 14. COMPANY B. KILLED. WOUNDED. Lewis M. Price, Stephen Snyder. Killed, I; wounded i; total, 2. COMPANY C. WOUNDED. Captain James P. Smith. COMPANY D. KILLED. James Neil, Matthew W. Owens. WOUNDED. Captain James A. Quigley, Solomon Everhart, Valentine Williams, head, Adam B. Wooden, neck. Killed, 2; wounded 4; total, 6. COMPANY E. KILLED. Jacob dinger, Elias Dangler, William Fay, Samuel Hornbacker, William Millhouse, Jonathan Wetzel. WOUNDED. Captain Frank Wombacker, Lieutenant B. H. Downing, Samuel P. Bright, William Carbaugh, Henry D. Chappie, John Chase, David Davis, Tobias Darr, George W. Lewis, George C. McConnell, James Mountain, Fred J. Wilt. Killed, 6; wounded, 12; total, 18. COMPANY F. KILLED. Robert A. Roach, Jacob H. Worth. WOUNDED. Lieutenant John D. Howell. Killed, 2; wounded, i; total, 3. COMPANY G. KILLED. WOUNDED. Michael Thompson, John Kistler. Killed, i; wounded, i; total, 2. 200 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. William Creed, COMPANY H. KILLED. Peter Mitchell. WOUNDED. Henry Hook. Killed, 2; wounded, i; total, 3. Jacob G. Gingrich, Sergeant W. P. Courtney, Reuben Bolig, Frank H. Eckleman, COMPANY I. KILLED. Jacob Wagner. WOUNDED. Sergeant George Townsend, John Bailey, John F. Quade, Charles A. Smith. Killed, 2; wounded, 7; total, 9. RECAPITULATION. Company A . Company B . Company C. Company D . Company E . Company F. Company G . Company H. Company I . .LED . WOUND. TOTAL. 5 9 14 I I 2 , . I I 2 4 6 6 12 18 2 I 3 I I 2 2 I 3 2 7 9 21 37 58 Friday, May 13, 1864. — Infantry firing was kept up all night, or until 3 o'clock this morning, when the enemy fell back about one mile and gave us possession of its works. The firing between the skirmishers continued nearly all day. Our division is resting as much as possible to-day, after being in the fight for eight days. A de- tail was sent out of our regiment to fall timber where the rebels left this morning. Some of our boys walked over the battlefield to-day and witnessed some awful sights. The pioneers are busy burying the dead; others are seeing to the wounded rebels. Rain fell a greater part of the day. Adjutant Hilands' diary says our loss so far in the regiment is 372. He also says that he went with a party to try and get the body of Colonel Hulings, but could not get near where he fell, as the enemy still had pos- session of the works where we fought on the loth. 000 Spottsylvania and Po River, Va. Saturday, May 14, 1864. — We were called up at 3 o'clock this morning. It is still raining. We packed up and marched about three miles; it was very hard march- ing in the mud. We are still moving to the left and crossed (waded) the Po river and halted in a pine woods about g A. M., where we remained until 5 P. m., when we were ordered to the front. We formed line of battle north of a branch of the Po river. Our skirmishers are advancing and keeping up a brisk fire. We advanced the line at sun -set by fording the river, took a position on the south bank, and in half an hour we advanced still further and took possession of a line of rifle pits, from which the Second and part of the First brigades of our division were driven. We HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 201 worked part of the night to complete the entrenchments, and had but little sleep. It is quite cold to-night, with some rain. Before fording the river Major Hickman, who was in command, walked up and down the bank, and turning to the regiment said, "I'll be d — d if I'll wade that river; let them put a bridge down for us." In a few minutes Captain Jim Wix took a little authority on himself, stepped to the front and ordered the regiment forward — they went across. The water was deep. The writer cannot say whether the major crossed or not. 000 Po River. Sunday, May 15, 1864. — Our brigade lay in the front line of works all day. There was some firing on the skirmish line. We received orders at 6 p. M. to be ready to move at a moment's notice, but the orders were countermanded at 7 P. M. We then get orders to be under arms at 3.'30 o'clock to-morrow morning. We can see the enemy on a hill in the distance all day. Monday, May 16, 1864.^ — Up early and drew rations; regiment all on picket, except our adjutant, the colors and camp guard; we left camp at 8 o'clock this morn- ing and marched about one mile to the line; a part went on the line, balance on the Reserve; we advanced the line about one-fourth of a mile this afternoon; there was some firing on the left while we were advancing, but was very quiet along the line during the day, only an occasional shot or two; morning very foggy, forenoon clear, evening rain. 000 Po River and Back to Spottsylvania. Tuesday, May 17, 1864. — Still on picket this morning laying in orchard, but we were relieved about 10 A. M. by another brigade ol our division and marched back to the rifle pits, when we got dinner and cleaned up our guns a little. We had com- pany inspection at 6 p. M. and marched at 8. 30 P. M. off to the right of the line. We marched all night; the boys are outgeneraled this time, but at daybreak we are on the battlefield of the 1 2th. Morning foggy, day pleasant. Mr. William Dorris, of Huntingdon, Pa., has been with the regiment several days trying to get the body of Colonel Miles. He started for home to-night. Wednesday, May 18, 1864. We marched a short distance this morning and came upon the enemy. We laid down in line of battle and let the rebels waste their shell on us for about two hours. We then advanced the line to the rifle pits, re- mained there awhile and then started back to the camp we left last evening, where we arrived at 5 P. M. Some of us took breakfast at 3 o'clock this afternoon. Our regiment received about four bushels of mail this evening, the first we have received since the campaign opened. We have orders to march at 3 o'clock to-morrow morn- ing. There seems to be no rest for the weary. Some rain to-day. 000 Po River. Thursday, May 19, 1864. — We were called up at 3 o'clock this morning to get breakfast and pack up. About daylight we marched and are advancing the lines about one mile and building rifle pits. The enemy has attacked the Fifth corps on the right, with the intention of turning our flank. The infantry firing is very heavy. About dark our division has orders to pack up and be ready to march up and rein- force the right, but about 8 p. m. the firing ceased and we were ordered to unpack, rest and be ready to be under arms at daylight in the morning. At no' clock to- 202 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. night orders were given to pack up and be ready to march immediately, and we marched up to the right, arriving on the battlefield about 2 o'clock this morning. The day has been very warm, but it rained this evening. This move to-night was on account of the rebels trying to capture our wagon train. Friday, May 20, 1864. — Our forces have driven the rebels; they were trying to capture our wagon train; we remained here until 7 o'clock this morning with guns stacked; troops from the front are coming in with prisoners; about 300 have been brought in already, and small squads are still coming in; our brigade marched to the front; the Fifth Wisconsin and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers are deployed as a skirmish line on the flank; we are on the line all day; there is no firing to-day and no rain; we have had rain every day since the nth until to-day; our boys are very dirty and tired, having had no chance to clean up since we broke camp on May 4. 000 Po River Towards Quinny Station, Va. Saturday, May 21, 1864. — Orders at 10 A. M. to pack up at once, and we march back about four miles to the Po river and form line in our fortifications, which have been reversed, our rear now becoming our front; the army is moving in a south- westerly direction; our division formed the rear guard; at 4 P. M. we got orders to get supper and prepare for a night's march; heavy shower of rain at 5 P. M. ; about dark the enemy made several attempts to storm our works on the flank, but are hand- somely repulsed each time; we commenced to march about 9 o'clock to-night and marched all night in rear of the train, which moves very slowly. 000 Quinny Station, Va. Sunday, May 22, 1864. — Still on the march this morning; we crossed the Fred- ericksburg and Richmond railroad north of Guinny Station about 10 A. M. , and halt- ed near the station at noon. We were short of rations, but drew one ration of fresh beef, and resumed our march at 6 p. m. We re-crossed the railroad, marched until 10 P. M. and halted near Bowling Green. The march was very tiresome and the train moved slow. We saw the house that Stonewall Jackson died in. We rest for the balance of the night. Monday, May 23, 1864. — Up and orders to march at 5 o'clock this morning. We got breakfast and marched at 8 a. m. , halting at noon near Milford Station, where we drew five days' rations and took dinner. We marched until 10 P. M. and halted for the night, in line of battle, near the North Ann River, after a hard day's march. The day was warm. The Fifth corps crossed the river and had a fight this evening. Our brigade is on picket to-night. 000 North Ann River, Va. Tuesday, May 24, 1864. — The General in a fit this morning routed us out at daybreak and yanked us off without breakfast. We crossed the North Ann river about a mile and a half west of the railroad and formed line of battle on the south side of the river. We got breakfast and remained here until 4 P. M., when we moved forward and formed the second line of battle. We advanced the line, drove in their skirmishers, built breastworks of rails and got supper. There was a very heavy thun- der storm this evening. The right of our line rests at Mathew's House. Some skir- mish firing occurred during the night. We have orders to stand under arms half an HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 203 hour before daylight to-morrow morning. Our skirmish line opened up communica- tions this evening again with the Fifth Corps. The day was warm. Some prisoners were brought in to-day. 000 North Ann River and South Ann River. Wednesday, May 25, 1864. — Up and under arms half an hour before daylight; the Fifth corps are moving in on our left and advancing the left of the line towards the Virginia Central Railroad; a brisk skirmish is kept up about an hour; at 9 A. M. our division marched off to the right of Nole's Station on the Virginia Central Rail- road; vk-e marched up the railroad about two miles, and we destroyed about four miles of the road by tearing it up, piling the ties up and setting fire to them, then laying the rails over the fire. Soon they are heated, and down goes each end, so crooked that they cannot be used again. Companies A and G were deployed to picket the front of the brigade while it worked, and were relieved at noon by Company C. We killed some cattle for beef, and then marched back and took up a line of battle near the South Ann river, and Companies B and E were detailed for picket. We started out and marched about two miles in the wrong direction, then came back and took up a line in front of our brigade, and about 11 o'clock to-night made fires, took sup- per and stood guard until morning. Day warm and rain this evening. Captain Sherwood is officer of the picket detail. Our Second division is on our left to-night. 000 South Ann River. Thursday, May 26, 1864. — ^Stood under arms at 3.30 o'clock this morning; or- ders at 9 o'clock to pack up and marched at 10 o'clock; it has been raining very hard for an hour; we recrossed the North Ann river and marched to Chesterfield Sta- tion, on the Richmond and Fredericksburg railroad; the cavalry corps passed us here; we drew two days' rations; raining at dark; we resumed our march at 9 o'clock and marched nearly all night; no troops are on the road except our division, with two batteries of artillery. Friday, 3Iay 27, 1864. — Halted this morning half an hour to make coffee, then resumed our march; crossed the Paumunkey river near Hanover at noon ; we have marched about thirty-three miles since 9 o'clock last night; quite a lot of the boys' feet are playing out; we are in camp on the south side of the Paumunkey river this afternoon; some rain this afternoon; boys are very tired, dirty and sleepy. 000 Paumunkey River. Saturday, May 28, 1864. — We lay quiet all night and got a good rest. The Second corps crossed the river above us this afternoon. We advanced three miles from the river this evening and formed our Hue on the right of the Second corps. It rained some this evening. P. M. Lytle, of Huntingdon, Pa., who has been with the regiment for several days trying to find his brother, Lieutenant Dick Lytle, who was badly wounded May 10, left for home this evening. There was some skirmish- ing in front this evening. All our army is over the Paumunkey river. Sunday, May 29, 1864. — We had another good night's rest. Orders to march at II A. M. Our division was reconnoitering in the direction of Hanover Court House, and drove in the enemy's skirmishers and captured one prisoner; we also destroyed the railroad and bridges and burned the station near Hanover Station. Skirmishing all around us this evening. Our brigade fell back a short distance 204 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. and formed line of battle for the night, with orders to make no fires. We are out of rations since this morning, and every person is hungry. Our brigade lost a few men wounded to-day and we captured a few prisoners. The day was pleasant, evening cool. 000 Hanover Court House, Va. Monday, May 30, 1864. — Under arms at 3.30 o'clock this morning; no rations yet — we don't want any breakfast; marched at 7 o'clock about two miles to the left and halted in a field and stacked arms; drew one day's rations of hard tack, or, rather, borrowed it from our Second brigade; got breakfast, then marched southwest about six miles in the direction of Mechanicsville; formed a line of battle this evening in a woods close to the rebel skirmish line; advanced our skirmish line about a quar- ter of a mile and stacked arms; Companies C and H went on picket; skirmishing along the line and an artillery duel on the left after dark; we are not allowed to make fires; many laid down without supper; day was very warm and night cool; we drew two days' rations of hard tack, sugar and coffee after midnight. 000 Hanover Court House and Cold Harbor, Va. Tuesday, May 31, 1864. — Up early and stood in line of battle one-half hour at daylight this morning. We moved about one-fourth mile to the left this morning and commenced building breastworks. At noon there was heavy firing on the skir- mish line, which continued all day. Joseph Hess, of Company C, was wounded; Company H had one man killed, one wounded on the skirmish line. Companies D and I relieved them (C and H) this evening. We received entrenching tools and commenced to stregthen our works at dark. Heavy artillery firing this evening. We received orders at i o'clock to-night to move. 000 Cold Harbor. Wednesday, June i, 1864. — Called up at 2 o'clock this morning and started on the march to Cold Harbor. We found the enemy near that place. About noon Companies E, G and part of B were deployed to skirmish the front of our brigade. The skirmishers advanced a short distance, and about 2 p. M. the brigade moved out about three fourths of a mile to the left, but the skirmish line remained. At 5 P. M. we received orders to advance the skirmish line and it advanced about 800 yards and drove the enemy's skirmishers back. All our Sixth corps were in this movement. The Eighteenth corps has just arrived from White House Landing and is massing in our rear, preparing to charge the enemy's works. The companies were relieved from the skirmish line by the Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers and assembled on the Reserve. About 6.30 p. m. the Eighteenth corps charged and carried the first line of works. The firing of both infantry and artillery is very heavy. Our Sixth corps is advancing on the left. Firing ceased about 8 p. M. There was rapid firing on the skirmish line occasionally during the night. R. Ward and Frank Ray- mond, of Company B, were wounded, and Lewis Bolin, of Company B, and John M. Kline, of Company A, are missing. Our division has had a severe engagement to-day, and it is hard to tell what our loss is to-night. Later. — The loss in our reg- iment to-day was 38. Still later. — ^John Crosthwaite, Israel Albright, William Alters, David R. Butler, Jacob Smith, Corporal Qrif Lytle and Calvin Walker are HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 205 wounded; Lieutenant James P. Smith, Luther Benfer and Samuel A.' Gilchrist are missing, all of Company C. Our loss was as follows: COMPANY A. John Radican, Sergeant Samuel B. Bartley, Sergeant Orlando C. Beck, Jesse B. Bartley, KILLED. Jacob Kepperling. WOUNDED. Franklin Peters, Emanuel Peters, John Shoemaker, John Stumpff". John M. Kline, prisoner. COMPANY B. WOUNDED. Frank G. Raymond, and prisoner, Rudolph Ward. Lewis W. Bohn, prisoner. Luther Benfer, James Carter, in shoulder, Jacob Smith, Calvin T. Walker, in breast, John M. Duey, COMPANY C. KILLED. Samuel A. Gilchrist. WOUNDED. David R. Buder, Griffith Lytde, Wm. Alters, in head, Israel Albright, in arm, John T. Crosthwait, in head. Lieutenant James P. Smith, prisoner. Wm. L Davis, wounded. Sergeant Wm. R. Plummer, John Carrol, COMPANY D. Theodore M. Williamson, prisoner. COMPANY H. WOUNDED. Samuel King, Samuel P. Seibert, in foot, J. A. Shields, in side. George W. Rutherford, killed. COMPANY L Jarius Roush, wounded. Killed, 5; wounded, 25; prisoners, 4; total, 34. Thursday, June 2, 1864. — Pickets were relieved and returned to the regimental 3 o'clock this morning; the regiment is laying in a rifle pit which it put up last night; the rebel sharpshooters and skirmishers have range of a road on the left flank of our regiment, and a number x)f men have been wounded and several killed on the road during the day; we layed in a field in the hot sun all day; our rifle pits keep the balls off, but not the sun; orders at 5 p. m. to charge the enemy's works, but soon they were postponed until tomorrow mornmg at 4.30 o'clock; called up at 12 o'clock to- night to draw three days' rations; the Eighteenth corps is fighting on our right; Cap- tain Wakefield, of Company A,^was wounded; it is raining nearly all night. Friday, June 3, 1864. — Under arms at 3 o'clock this morning, ate a litde break- fast, and at 8 o' clock we advanced our line about 400 yards under a heavy storm of 206 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. lead from the enemy and halted under the crest of a small hill; Colonel Upton's bri- gade joins us on theVight ; we at once commenced to put up breastworks of fallen timber and brush; worked about two hours, half of the men standing under arms; two men from each company, with spade and gun, were sent five rods to the front to commence digging, then directly two more were sent out, and in two hours the whole regiment advanced to this line; we kept working until we had a complete line of earthworks along our whole front; our loss during the day was slight — two killed and three or four wounded; the enemy kept up a constant fire all day, but could not get range of us, the balls passing over us; about 9 p. m. the enemy's videttes came out in front of their works to dig rifle pits; we fired on them and drew a volley from their line of battle, which we returned; the firing was kept up about twenty minutes with- out any loss on our side, we having the advantage of the position; orders for half the men to keep awake during the night and two men from each company to stand up in the works as sentinels; we can have no videttes in front, as our works are not more than fifty yards apart at the right of the line and perhaps a hundred yards at the left; we have been under fire all day-; Major Hickman is reported wounded and taken to the rear, but the ball only went through the shoulder of his overcoat and didn't touch the hide; George Rimby, of Company D, is killed, aud Captain Hutchinson wound- ed; the adjutant of the 1 19th Pennsylvania Volunteers was killed by a shell; we are in the pits to-night. Our loss is as follows : WOUNDED. Captain A. Boyd Hntchinson, Co. C, Peter Collins, Company F, Joseph Campbell, Company C, John Kaylor, Company F, David H. Law, Company D, George W. McCauley, Company F, Isaac Bobb, Company D, Isaac H. Feirick, Company I. KILLED. George W. Rimby, Company D, • John Jodan, Company H. Killed, 2; wounded, 8; total, 10. Saturday, June 4, 1864. — Under arms at 3 o'clock this morning; two deserters from the enemy came in at daybreak this morning on the right of the regiment; they were fired into before we discovered that they were unarmed; one of them was severe- ly wounded, but his comrade brought him in along; they report that we killed and wounded quite a number of them last night; firing is kept up all day by the enemy; as they are doing no harm, we are firing but little, and only at their workmen; we are annoying them very much; we received a mail in the regiment this evening; rain- ing this evening; heavy firing on our right and left flanks about 9 P. M. ; we were re- lieved by the Fifth Wisconsin and Sixth Maine regiments at 10 o'clock to-night, and we went back to the third line of battle and drew rations and rested for the night; fir- ing is kept up all night; our officers got some of their baggage this evening and got a change of under clothes, shirts, etc. , the first clean shirt for one month ; Enos Cook, of Company G, is wounded. Sunday, June 5, 1864. — Some rain last night; up in line of battle at daybreak; minnies whizzed over us when we got up; rain falling; some are digging entrench- ments for the left of our regiment this morning; skirmishing and sharpshooting are being kept up all day; it is very disagreeable; about 8 o'clock this evening the enemy charged our works on the left and were repulsed; the firing — infantry and artillery — was very heavy for about half an hour; a good deal of firing during the night; we re- mained in our position all night; the night is warm, Monday, June 6, 1864. — Called up at daybreak; firing commenced as soon as it was light and continued all day; we relieved the front line at 8 o'clock this evening and commenced a new line of works after relieving the Fifth Wisconsin regiment; the right of the regiment is reversing an old rifle pit which the rebels have been driven out of in order to get a position for advancing our line in the night; John Singer, of Company C, i88th Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited our regiment to-day; two men HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 207 of Company C and two of Company A are wounded; we captured six rebels this even- ing; a little rain this evening; night is cool. Tuesday, June 7, 1864 — Under arms at 3 o'clock this morning and still in the front line. Sergeant J. D. Cunningham, of Company B, was shot in the head and instantly killed early this morning. Firing is being kept up all day by the skirmish- ers and sharpshooters, and the rebels are working one of their batteries this after- noon, but there seems to be no reply from our side. We found the body of Samuel A. Gilchrist, of Company C, who had been missing since the evening of June i, ly- ing near the rebel rifle pits which we were reversing. The enemy hoisted a flag of truce this evening, and an armistice was accepted from 6 to 8 p. m. for the purpose of burying the dead. We found the body of Luther Benfer, of Company C, who had been missing since June i ; we buried him and Gilchrest where they lay. We have orders to have half the men in each company remain awake during the night, two sentinels to stand at a time in each company. Warm during the day, cool this evening. [David R. Butler, of Company C, who was wounded June i, died on the road to the hospital, June 3, 1864. J — Author. Wednesday, June 8, 1864. — Under arms at 3 o'clock this morning. Very quiet along the line in Iront of our brigade to-day — no firing between skirmishers and sharpshooters. There was heavy artillery firing on our left at 3 p. m. We exchanged papers with our friends across the way to-day. The Fifth Wisconsin relieved us af- ter dark, when we marched back to the second line and rested there all night. There was some artillery firing after dark. Bratton and Cupp, of Company E, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited us this evening. Note.— One diary says we were relieved by the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers and part of the Sixth Maine. The writer don't know which is correct. Thursday, June 9, 1864. — This morning we are in the second line of works; we were up early and got breakfast; skirmishing was kept up all day; we drew rations and remained here until sundown, then marched to the left one-half mile, went into rifle pits and laid down to rest; our brigade was relieved from the front this evening; some of the boys visited the i88th, 148th and 184th Pennsylvania Volunteers close by ; R. Weston, of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited our regiment; some artillt-ry firing after dark; we are laying to-night in the third line of works; day warm. Friday, June 10, 1864. — Policed the camp and fixed up quarters this morning; some skirmishing along the line, with artillery firing this morning; boys are cleaning themselves up a little to-day; they are in good spirits; everything is going off right; skirmishing at intervals this afternoon; Val W. Spigleman, of Company H, was wounded to-day; George Wills, Wilson Roach and Bill McAlevy, of Company B, commenced to mess together to-day. Saturday, June 11, 1864. — Called up at daybreak to draw rations; we spent the day rolling in sand in the rifle pits; some shells are passing over us, going to the reb- els; there is very little skirmishing along the line to-day; at 8 p. m. we moved into the second line of rifle pits and rested for the night; some artillery firing after dark; the night is cool. 000 Cold Harbor to the Chickahominy River. Sunday, June 12, 1864. — Under arms at 3.30 o'clock this morning; skirmishing was kept up all day; the rebels threw mortar shells into our lines occasionally during the day, but did no harm; we spent the day in the pits, and at 8 p. m. we marched to the left and bade good-bye to Cold Harbor; we marched southeast toward the Chickahominy river and halted at 2 o'clock at night; the rebels bade us good-bye by throwing a few shell at us as we left, but they were badly aimed. Monday, June 13, 1864. — We are waiting ior the trains to pass this morning; 208 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. our brigade is rear guard for our corps; we moved at 5 A. M. and halted -near Hop- kins' Mill at 8 A. M. to make coffee; we then marched on by-roads along the Chick- ahiminy river, and crossed at Jones' bridge at 4 P. M. ; we marched on about two miles, formed line of battle and halted tor the night, after marching about 25 miles to-day; day warm and roads duty. 000 Chickahominy River to James River, Va. Tuesday, June 14, 1864. — Marched at about 9 A. M. and halted on the James river near Quid's Ferry, or Westover Landing, at 2 p. m., and put up our tents; after resting about a pair of minutes, we packed up and marched to the river, and went to work making a road through a swamp along the river; worked until 9 P. M. , then marched back to our stacks and rested for the night; business is good on the river; transports are plenty, on the go backward and forward; the gunboat Atlanta is anchored here; the pontooners are busy putting down a bridge; day pleasant, but rather warm this afternoon; the Second corps crossed the bridge to-night. Wednesday, June 15, 1864. — We are still laying in camp; went to work at 11 A. M. and worked until 3 P. M. unloading and carrying out timber and plank for the road; were relieved and went to our stacks and drew three days' rations; we hear heavy cannonading on the south side of the James river this evening; trains are busy crossing the river on the pontoon bridge to-day, and troops are passing up the river on transports; day is warm; we got our mail this evening. 000 James River, Va. Thursday, June 16, 1864. — We were relieved from fatigue duty on the road this morning; we marched back about two miles from the river, joined our division, put up tents and got dinner; we were then ordered to pack up, marched to the river and went aboard the transport Decatur at 9 P. M. and started up the river; all our boys are aboard this boat, and General Russell is with us; we landed at Burmuda Hun- dred about 3 o'clock this morning, marched about three miles and camped near where Pocahontas saved the life of Captain Smith; our First and Third division are with us; the Second division marched up the south side of the river with the artillery and trains. Friday, June 17, 1864. — Daylight finds us in company with the Tenth corps (Gilmore's); we stacked arms and got breakfast; we are now about midway between the James river and Appomattox river; there is some skirmishing in front; we rested here until 3 P. M. , then marched to the right about a mile and a half and camped in a pine woods ; orders were given at midnight to pack up, and we went to the front and remained until daylight, when we returned to camp. 000 Bermuda Hundred, Va. Saturday, June 18, 1864. — Laying in camp to-day; boys are putting up tents, washing and cleaning up a little; heavy firing this evening in the direction of Peters- burg; very warm during the day; we were called up at 12 o'clock to-night to draw three days' rations. Sunday, June 19, 1834. — Called up at 2 o'clock this morning, packed up, got ready to march, but waited until daylight for orders to fall in; we moved back about three miles, or up the river, crossed the Appomattox and marched to the front; the rebels shelled us as we were marching; we stacked arms about i o'clock; about 3 p. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERS. 209 M. our brigade was sent back about one mile to picket the river, relieving the First D. C. colored regiment; our regiment is posted opposite Fort Clifton, and we have a view of Petersburg five miles up the river, and of Burnside's works across the riv- er, below us; the day has been very warm. 000 Near Petersburg, Va. Monday, June 20, 1864. — Still on picket; very warm to-day; our Reserve is stationed at Mount Airy; some of Company B's boys went out for mulberries; Geo. Wills picked about one gallon and traded them for tobacco; we drew three days' ra- tions; night cool. Tuesday, June 21, 1864. — We are still on picket to-day; there is some firing along the line; drew one day's rations; we were relieved from picket duty by colored troops at 7 p. M. and marched to the left of the army; me marched nearly all night, crossed the City Point and Petersburg and the Norfolk and Petersburg railroads and halted at 3 o'clock this morning about three miles southeast of Petersburg; Adjutant sent in recommendations foT" commissions for Lieutenants Irvin and Wallace. 000 Petersburg, Va. Wednesday, June 22, 1864. — This morning finds us about three miles southeast of Petersburg; our Sixth corps has formed a line on the left flank of the army, and we advanced about 100 rods and put up rifle pits this afternoon; slight firing on the skirmish line; we dropped back to the old line at 6 P. M. and again advanced at 8 p. M. , with three lines of battle, our regiment in the front line; we halted in the works that we put up to-day, and remained here during the night; we are close to the Jerusalem Plank Road; the cause of us falling back at 6 p. M. was because we were 100 yards in advance of the troops on our right and left; our Second brigade lost a few men to-day; there was a hard fight going on after dark on our right; the day was warm. Thursday, June 23, 1864. — Up at 3 o'clock this morning, advanced about ten rods and dug a rifle pit; fighting on the right this morning; remained in the pits but a short time; we are marched to the left about one and a half miles; our Second divi- sion has gotten into a fuss and our brigade is put here to support them; we form line on their flank; infantry is heavily engaged; we put up breastworks of rails and timber and remained here until about 10 o'clock to-night, then got orders to pack up, and we march back to our first line, which we established on Wednesday morning, and remained here during the night; heavy musketry and artillery firing on our right this evening; this was the hottest day we have had this SLimmer. Friday, June 24, 1864. — About 8 a. m. we move further to the right and join the Second corps and commence a new line of works, working at them until 2 p. m., then got orders to get ready to move; orders countermanded, and we finished the pits and remained here all night; called up at 11 o'clock to-night to draw two days' ra- tions; hard fighting on our right at 10 P. M. ; water is scarce, and we dug a well this evening, stricking water at seven feet. Saturday, June 25, 1864. — Pioneers finished the rifle pits to-day; orders to fix up to stay awhile and put up our tents; a fight on our right after dark towards Peters- burg; all quiet in our front; day very warm. Sunday, June 26, 1864. — Called up at sunrise; one of our lieutenants is in a fit about the water; it raised a disturbance in the company, and some of Company B commenced digging another well and found water at eight feet; a row was started in camp this evening, which ended in a fight; the chaplain preached at 9 a. m. ; this is 210 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. the first sermon we have heard for some time; day warm; "the Feds and Confeds got up a fight on on our right, last night;" — George Wills poet; all quiet in our front to-day; pickets went out of our regiment. Monday, June 27. 1864. — Cleaning up camp, putting up quarters and summer houses; all quiet along the line, except artillery firing and an occasional shot on the picket line; a little rain fell this evening; the regiment baggage train came up this afternoon; the officers got their company p.apers and books and commenced making returns, descriptive lists, etc., this evening; day was warm. Tuesday, June 28, 1864. — Officers are busy making out muster and pay rolls; nothing of any importance going on; cool and pleasant all day; Lieutenant Bratton was officer of the day. Wednesday, June 29, 1864. — Orders at sunrise to move our camp back a few rods; we had orders to prepare for inspection, and Generals Russell and Wright in- spected our camp at 7 a. m. ; orders at 2 p. m. to pack up and be ready to move at a moment's notice, and we marched at 4 p. m., south and west, and halted at 10 p. M. on the Petersburg and Weldon railroad, at Ream's Station; Companies G and H and part of Company I were sent out on picket, and the brigade commenced de- stroying the railroad. 000 Weldon Railroad or Ream Station, Va. Thursday, June 30, 1864. — At i o'clock this morning the whole corps was called up to destroy the railroad; it was a good road and hard to tear up, but by 2 o'clock we had it torn up for a good distance and piled up, ready to set on fire; then we laid down and rested until daybreak, when we got up and fired the road and heated and bent the rails, then put up a rifle pit; our corps at 3 p. m. commenced to move back towards camp; pickets were withdrawn at 7 p. M. and joined the regiment at 12 o'clock to-night near the plank road; some of General Wilson's cavalry came in; they are reported cut up and scattered; our regiment left the railroad at 5 p. M. and marched about seven miles and camped along the Jerusalem plank road; day is warm; we were mustered for pay. 000 Petersburg, Va. Friday, July i, 1864. — Laying in camp to-day waiting for orders; train came up and we drew three days' rations; we are laying in a field all day in the hot sun; heavy artillery and musketry firing on the right about 11 o'clock to-night; quiet in our front. Saturday, July 2, 1864. — Reveille called us up this morning at daybreak; orders to march; had breakfast and marched about 5 a. m. on the Jerusalem Plank Road toward camp; every person out of humor at our General for halting us in the hot sun in a dusty field for an hour; some sweat patiently, some sweat and swore, then marched into the woods about one mile from our former camp ind camped; Company C went to work at noon to dig a well, and at 6 p. m. they have three feet of water; the day was very hot. Sunday, July 3, 1864. — Baggage came up and some of our officers put up tents; chaplain preached at 10 a. m.; general police of camp; Campbell and Clark, of the 143d Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited us to-day; all quiet along the line except artil- lery firing; not so much noise as we were having one year ago to-day at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Monday, July 4, 1864. — Officers commenced working this morning on muster and pay rolls; day warm; our brass bands put in the day playing, and some played HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 21 J utitil late in the night; very quiet all along the line; some artillery firing at Peters- burg; the night is cool. Tuesday, July 5, 1864. — Some artillery firing at Petersburg; Jerry Ganoe, of the 143d Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited us to-day; we have general police of camp and cleaning up of guns and equipments; some of the boys are reading the copperhead Jeffersonian, printed at West Chester, Pa. ; day warm and evening cool. Wednesday, July 6, 1864. — Called up at daylight; orders to get ready to march; packed up, marched about a half mile, camped and got breakfast; we now occupy the position that our Third division left last night; camp is in a field, dry and dusty; san- itary commission issued some pickels and cabbage to us to-day ; artillery firing on the right this evening. Thursday, July 7, 1864. — The regiment was called out for inspection at 7 A. M., but the inspecting officer did not come; drew three days' rations and some cloth- ing; Cupp and Barto, of Company E, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited us to-day; very warm, but night cool enough for comfortab'e sleeping; some skirmishing along the line to-day; artillery firing on our right this evening. Friday, July 8, 1864. — Regimental inspection at 7 A. M. ; heavy artillery and musketry firing on our right this afternoon; dress parade this evening; Adjutant Hi- lands sent recommendations for J. J. Cromer and O. S. Rumberger for second lieu- tenants of Company F and H; one hundred drafted men came in for our regiment this evening; Captain Quigley and Captain Stuart, who have been away wounded since May 10, 1864, returned o the regiment this evening. Saturday, July 9, 1864. — Sick call as usual at 7 a. m. ; the morning was cloudy and cool, but at noon the sun came out and it is very warm; we drew two days' ra- tions this morning; dress parade at sundown; about 9 P. M. we receive orders to pack up, and at II o'clock to-night we started in the direction of City Point, marching all night; our First and Second divisions are all on the move. 000 City Point, Va. Sunday, July 10, 1864. — Arrived at City Point about 6 o'clock this morning, after marching about fifteen miles; stacked arms and laid in the hot sun all day wait- ing on orders; troops and artillery are embarking on transports; this evening we were marched down to the river, stacked arms and remained here all night; the sanitary commission issued to our regiment one ration of potatoes, crackers, pickles, con- densed milk and canned fruit; cannonading in the direction of Petersburg to-day. Monday, July 11, 1864. — Embarked on board the steamer Emilie at 9 A. M. and steamed down the James river, arriving at Fortress Monroe at 9 to-night; we pulled up to the wharf to coal, and while doing so ran into a boat that was coaling and sank her; 10 P. M., coal aboard, we started up the bay, and were caught in a storm which lasted two hours, causing some alarm aboard the boat; our baggage was put on another boat, with Samuel H. Irvin in charge of it. 000 Fortress Monroe and Chesapeake Bay. Tuesday, July 12, 1864. — We entered the Potomac river about 8 o'clock this morning, and we are all day running up to Washington, but landed at the Seventh street wharf at 10 o'clock to-night and marched for the front immediately; the Sec- ond division of our Si.xth corps engaged the enemy in the vicinity of the fort on the Baltimore pike, about four miles from the City of Washington; we halted at 2 o'clock near Fort Stephens, on the pike; our boys were jubilant as we marched through the 212 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. city, and many remarks were made by the citizens, such as, "We are all right now; the Sixth corps is here." Wednesday, July 13, 1864. — In camp near Fort Stephens; baggage train came up this morning; ambulances are bringing in wounded belonging to our Second divi- sion; some prisoners were also brought in; we marched at 2 p. M. , halted one-half hour to rest at Tennellytown, then marched to Cherry Cross Roads, or Munyon's Cross Roads, arriving there at 8 P. M., and rested for the night; the day was warm, and the march a hard one of fifteen miles; the Christian commission is busy hunting up the sick and wounded. 000 Poolville, Md. Thursday, July 14, 1864. — Resumed our march at sunrise this morning; our regiment is out as flankers all day for the brigade and to protect the train and artil- lery; we got no dinner, and halted at Poolville at sundown; day warm; we passed over some of the country the rebels occupied; all the horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, wagons and grain have been taken to Dixey; we did not catch the rebels to-day; Gen- eral Gilmore had a skirmish and was wounded ; he was sent to the rear. Friday, July 15, 1864. — In camp at Poolville, Md. ; we witnessed the execution of Troutman Burkhammer, of the Sixty-seventh New York, for desertion and acting as a spy, at i o'clock this afternoon; his body was left hang until dark, then cut down and buried under the scaffold; some of our boys are out picking berries; we drew three days' rations; cavalry went to the front this evening; our old Sutler, Rob- ison, visited the regiment to-day; day is very warm; two men of Company G desert- ed to-day. 000 Leesburg, Va. Saturday, July 16, 1864. — Marched at 5 o'clock this morning; crossed the Poto- mac river at White's ford by wading; our batteries shelled the rebels before we crossed; we rested half an hour, ate dinner, then marched to Leesburg; rested here one hour, then marched until dark, and camped on the Winchester pike; our march covered eighteen miles, and the day was warm and roads dusty; four men of Com- pany G deserted since we camped here; some of the stolen cattle is being left behind by the rebels. Sunday, July 17, 1864. — In camp to-day, resting; cavalry is doing some skirm- ishing to-day near Snicker's Gap: preaching in camp at 3 P. M., text — Matthew 1:21; preaching again this evening; no signs of the enemy today; the boys are picking blackberries. 000 Shenandoah River, Va. Monday, July 18, 1864. — Called up early this morning and marched at 4.30 A. M., and halted half an hour at a little town called Hamilton, then proceeded to Pur- cellville and rested half an hour, then marched to near Snickerville and halted for dinner, then over the ridge through Snicker's Gap and halted on the bank of the Shenandoah river at dark; here the rebels shelled our division and wounded eight men and killed two; then we moved about one mile to the right of the pike and halt- ed; a part of Hunter's force was across the river skirmishing and was driven back in confusion; we had an easy day's march of about twelve miles; day pleasant. Tuesday, July 19, 1894. — Enemy in sight across the river; orders to be ready to HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 213 move at a moment's notice; our train came in and we drew three days' rations; all quiet except pickets firing along the riveV; our artillery shelled the enemy after dark; day is very warm. Wednesday, July 20, 1864. — Still in camp; we are away from all communica- tions — no papers, no letters, nothing outside of orders; we were given orders at 10 A. M. to march and we forded the Shenandoah river and found the rebels; we ad- vanced to within one mile of Berryville, and have orders this evening to return to Washington via Leesburg and Chain Bridge; heavy shower of rain this afternoon; we marched at 9 o'clock to-night, re-crossed the river by wading in three feet of wa- ter, and marched all night in our wet clothes; heavy artillery firing in the direction of Winchester; day warm. Thursday 21, 1864. — Halted at Hamilton at 7 this morning and got breakfast; tired and sleepy; the citizens waved the stars and stripes as we passed through the little village; our bands played and our colors were unfurled; passed through Lees- burg about noon, marched on and crossed Goose Creek before sundown and camped for the night; many of the boys have sore feet; drew one day's rations; day is pleas- ant, night cool; Mosby is reported in the rear gobbling up stragglers. 000 Drainsville and Lewinsville, Va. Friday, July 22, 1864. — Resumed our march at 4.30 o'clock this morning and halted one hour at Drainsville to get dinner, then took a round-about road on account of a bridge being burned on the pike; this brings us on a road that we traveled in 1861 while on a reconnoitering trip to Hunter's Mills; camped at dark within three miles of Lewinsville; day warm and roads dusty. Saturday, July 23, 1864. — Marched at 4 o'clock this morning via Lewinsville and Camp Griffin, our camp of 1861; crossed Chain bridge and camped near Ten- nellytown, D. C, at noon; old Camp Griffin has been changed into contraband farms, and our old parade ground is growing a crop of corn; some of our officers got paid to-day for March, April, May and June; we drew five days' rations. 000 Tennellytown, D. C. Sunday, July 24, 1864. — We are laying in camp to-day; company inspection at 9 A. M. ; preaching in our company streets; we drew clothing this evening; mail came in; commenced to rain at 11 o'clock to-night. Monday, July 25, 1863. — Still raining this morning and we lay in camp; boys are running around — some in Tennellytown and some in Washington ; the regiment got paid for March, April, May and June and every person has plenty of money; orders to march at an early hour to-morrow morning. Tuesday, July 26, 1864. — Orders at 10 a. m. to pack up, and marched at noon via Tennellytown and Rockville, and camped about sundown four miles from Rock- ville, on the Frederick road; the afternoon's walk was about fifteen miles. 000 Hyatsville and Frederick City, Md. Wednesday, July 27, 1864. — Marched at 4.30 this morning and passed through Nealsville, marching to Charlesburg, where we rested half an hour, and then on to Hyatsville, arriving there at noon, after marching twelve miles; we stacked arms and got dinner; Jake Hill and Geo. Wills, of Company B, walked out into the country about four miles, visited five or six farm houses, bought some butter, milk and eggs 214 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. and took supper with one family, returning to camp at dark; we drew two days' ra- tions this evening; the heat this evening is intense. Thursday, July 28, 1864. — Resumed our march at 6 o'clock this morning, halt- ing at noon at the Monocacy river, on the National Pike near the Baltimore and Ohio railroad; we waded the river; George Wills fell off a rock and got wet all over, knapsack, gun and equipments all wet; we camped at Jefferson at midnight, after marching about thirty miles; we rested from 2 to 5 P. M. , and put up our tents at Frederick, Md. ; day was very warm; boys are tired. 000 Jefferson to Boliver Heights, Md. Friday, July 29, 1864. — Marched this very warm morning at 6 o'clock via Pe- tersville, Centreville, Knoxville, Sandy Hook, Clarksburg and Weaverton, and halted one hour at Harper's Ferry; after crossing the Potomac river into Virginia we got dinner, then marched three miles and halted for the night on Boliver Heights at 6.30 p. M., after marching twenty-six miles to-day; the day was very warm; every person tired and foot-sore, and slept all night without awaking; the night is cool; threaten- ing rain. Saturday, July 30, 1864. — We lay in camp this forenoon; orders to pack up and march at I P. M. ,and we marched into Harper's Ferry, a distance of three miles; our brigade is halted at Boliver while the artillery and trains are re-crossing at the Ferry; we resumed our march at 11 to-night, crossed the Potomac river at Har- per's Ferry on a pontoon bridge, then via Sandy Hook and Knoxville, and halted at Petersville at 3 o' clock this morning; a great many men gave out to-day, and some died of sunstroke; the road looked like a batdefield; the boys are in good spir- its, singing along the road as they march. Headquarters 49TH Pennsylvania Volunneeers, ) June 29, 1864. } Special Order No. 33: Principal Musician George E. Jenkins is hereby reduced to the ranks for being absent without leave. He will report to Lieutenant Bratton, Company B, for duty. Private George W. Hutton, Company D, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, is hereby appointed principal musician, vice Jenkins, reduced to the ranks, to date from the 27th day of July, 1864. He will be obeyed and respected accordingly. By order of Major A. W. Wakefield, commanding regiment. A. T. HiLANDS, Adjutant. 000 Jefferson to Frederick, Md. Sunday, July 31, 1864. — We are resting at Petersville since 3 o'clock this morn- ing; we had orders to march at 6.30 A. M., but they were countermanded, and we marched at 11 A. M. via Centreville and Jefferson and halted near Frederick City at sunset this evening; we lost several men by sunstroke, and many of our toughest boys were compelled to drop out of the ranks to-day on account of the heat. Monday, Aug. i, 1864.— Very warm this morning; orders to pack up and be ready to march at a moment's notice, and at 8 a. m. we marched out a few rods; the order was countermanded and we went back to camp, near Frederick City, and spent the day here; day has been very warm. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 215 Frederick City, Md. Tuesday, Aug. 2, 1864. — Orders to march this morning; after we had started the order was countermanded, so we marched back; day is warm, threatening rain; George Eckard; of Company B, is very sick and was sent to the hospital. Wednesday, Aug. 3, 1864. — Marched at 4.30 o'clock this morning to Lime Kiln switch, on the B. & O. R. R., then to Buckeytown or Buckeysville, crossed the Monocacy river at this point by wading, and camped opposite Delplan's Mills, on the left bunk of the Monocacy, at 10 A. m. , and rested for the day; day cloudy and cool and roads very dusty. Thursday, Aug. 4, 1864. — In camp to-day; officers are working on monthly re- turns; some of our boys are strolling out through the country; others turned out to the funeral of Major Ellis; very warm to-day. 000 Near Fredericl< City and Tow Path. Friday, Aug. 5, 1864. — In camp this forenoon; some of the boys went to Buck- eytown this afternoon; very warm at noon; dress parade this evening; at 10 to-night we got orders to pack up and be ready to march immediately; the regiment formed, stacked arms and remained in camp; our brigade is to be rear guard; every person lay down and slept. Saturday, Aug. 6, 1864. — Seme of Company B awoke this morning and found that they had slept all night with their knapsacks on, and were more surprised when they reahzed that it had rained and wet them. We had a fine shower this morning. All the corps but our brigade have gone. We waded the Monocacy river again and marched to Buckeytown, where we lay until our train passed, then resumed our march to Knoxville, marching through the arch under the aqueduct and up the tow path. The column is moving very slowly, and about tip. m. word was passed along the line to rest and make ourselves comfortable as possible; we laid down and rested on the tow path. 000 Tow Path, Md., and Boliver Heights, Va. Sunday, Aug. 7, 1864. — Resumed our march at 70'clockthis morning, crossed the Potomac river at Harper's Ferry on pontoon bridge, halted ten minutes at Boli- ver and ate a Httle breakfast, then marched west of Boliver two and a half miles and camped at 10 A. M. where we left Saturday, July 30. The provost guard brought in some stragglers, and some of them had to carry rails for punishment. Three days' rations were issued to us. Some of the boys are on a spree. Day warm. Monday, Aug. 8, 1864. — Day is warm and night cool. Rested in camp after coming into these hills yesterday. Our regiment and the Twenty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers kicked up a row, and a guard was detailed and stood at the sutler's wagon from 3 to 5 and 9 to 11 P. m. Some of the boys are on a spree to-day. Geo. Eckard, of Company B, was sent away to the general hospital, a very sick man. 000 Boliver Heights, Va. Tuesday, Aug. 9, 1864. — Still in camp, laying quiet all day. Company inspec- tion at 9 A. M. and dress parade at sundown. Mail came in at noon. Lieutenant John S. Bratton is officer of the day. The heat to-day is fearful. Orders this even- in^- to mirchto morrow morning. S.nallpox is in our regiment, and several men 216 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. were sent away to the hospital with the disease. Some of the boys visited Boliver and Harper's Ferry to-day. Wednesday, Aug. 10, 1864. — Our corps moved up the valley at 5 o'clocic this morning. Our regiment is detached from the brigade on account of smallpox, with orders to report to the train pack near Boliver, and after the corps had left we moved camp to near the Shenandoah river and fixed up qaite comfortable. Lieutenant Downing was officer of the day; dress parade this evening. Some of the boys bathed in the Shenandoah to-day. Very warm during the day and night cool. Thursday, Aug. 11, 1864. — Reveille called us up to roll call; company drill from 6.30 to 7.30 A. M. and company drill from 5 until 6 P. M. ; dress parade at sundown; several men were sent away with the small pox; day is very warm; nothing new in this hilly region. Friday, Aug. 12, 1864. — Roll call at sunrise this morning; company drill this morning, skirmish drill this afternoon and dress parade at sundown; Jerry C. Beck and George Wills visited the Twenty-second Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry to-day; our adjutant has orders to make morning reports to General Max; the trains are moving to the -front to-day. Saturday, Aug. 13, i864.^Boys are cleaning up guns and equipments this morning; we drew two days' rations from Harper's Ferry to-day; dress parade this evening; pickets went out this evening; we are stationed three-fourths of a mile from camp at the toll gate; quite a lot of our boys are in Boliver to-day; Captain Sher- wood is officer of the day; quite warm. Sunday, Aug. 14, 1864. — Pickets came in at 9 A. M. Inspection at 9 A. m. , preaching in camp at 10 A. m. and dress parade this evening. We had a little rain this evening. No new cases of smallpox in the regiment to-day; Captain Quigley is officer of the day. Monday, Aug. 15, 1864. — Roll call; company drill from 6 to 7 a. m. and from 5 to 6 P. M. ; dress parade this evening. Captain Ed Swain is officer of the day. Some of our boys are strolling out through the country to-day to put in the time. Tuesday, Aug. 16, 1864. — Roll call; drills and dress parade as yesterday. We drew two days' rations; day very warm, with the appearance of rain. Captain James Stuart was officer of the day. Wednesday, Aug. 17, 1864. — Company drill this morning at 10 o'clock. Com- pany C was ordered' to fall in and go up the railroad to guard the construction train down to the' ferry, the workmen having been attacked by guerrillas. It returned to camp at i o'clock. The regiment at 3 o'clock got orders to move, and took cars (construction train) and rode two and a half miles up the road and camped be- tween the river and railroad. Company C remained on the train as guard while they unloaded the ties and rails, and went as far as Halltown and then returned to camp. Captain Quigley is officer of the day. David Daughenbaugh, of the Twenty-second Pennsylvania cavalry, visited us to-day. Thursday, Aug. 18, 1864. — A detail took the train up to Halltown at 4.30 A. M. The regiment has orders at 10 A. M. to move back to camp, and the adjutant went to Halltown to order the detail to join the regiment. We marched at 1 1 a. m. via toll gate, halted, put up tents and had regimental inspection at 4 p. m. and dress parade at sundown. Had a little rain this morning and evening. Friday, Aug. 19, 1864. — Company A is sent to Halltown to picket; regiment is ordered to guard a wagon train at Charlestown, and started at dark with 200 wagons; a drizzling rain fell all night; we went within one half mile of Charlestown, reaching there at 11. 30 p. M. ; we countermarched and started right back, arriving in camp at 2.30 this morning; Lieutenant-Colonel Hickman took command of the regiment to- day. Saturday, Aug. 20, 1864. — Boys were in bed late this morning; after breakfast HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 217 we cleaned up our guns and equipments; a drizzling rain is still falling; dress parade this evening; Captain James Stuart was officer of the day. Sunday, Aug. 21, 1864. — Regimental inspection at 7.30 A. M. ; orders to move our camp this evening to near the Potomac river on Boliver Heights; fighting in the direction of Charlestown since 10 this morning; trains all sent to the rear; again we are in a line of battle, on the right of the line; day pleasant, night cool. Monday, Aug. 22, 1864.- — The army is in line of battle. Close in our frontskir- mishers arr; firing all day, with some artillery. Heavy shower of rain this afternoon, and our tents were of little account, as the rain had the right of way. We have pick- ets out to-night. Dress parade at sundown. Captain Sherwood was officer of the day. Tuesday, Aug. 23, 1864. — Pickets went out at 9 A. M. and the old ones came in. There is not much danger, as the men came to camp for their meals. Dress pa- rade this evening. Some recruits and some of our men who were wounded in the spring campaign reported to the regiment. Wednesday, Aug. 24, 1864. — Skirmish drill this forenoon and dress parade this evening. Skirmishing an some artillery firing in front all day. A heavy shower of rain this evening. 000 Fort Duncan, Md. Tuesday, Aug. 25, 1864. — Company drill from 7 to 8 a. m. Two men of Com- pany B carried a rail five hours out of six for refusing to go on drill, their initials be- ing R. and McA. Some rain at 2 p. M.- Orders to move at 5 p. M., packed up and moved at once, crossed the pontoon bridge on Potomac river and camped on Mary- land Heights near Fort Duncan. Some fighting towards Shepherdstown to-day. Nothing more of smallpox. Friday, Aug. 26, 1864. — In camp to-day. The officers commenced to make out muster and pay rolls to-day. Dress parade this evening. There was quite a lively fight this evening near Halltown, which lasted about an hour, but we have not learned how it went. Some of the boys visited Fort Duncan. Saturday, Aug. 27, 1864. — All quiet in front to-day; boys are cleaning up guns and equipments; dress parade at 5 p. M. ; some clothing issued to-day. Sunday, Aug. 28, 1864. — We had regimental inspection at 6.30 a. m.; preach- ing in camp at 3 P. M., some ladies attending; dress parade this evening; Jake Giant returned to Company B and Bill Roseborough, of Company B, returned to the com- pany from brigade sharpshooters; some firing in front; Captain Byers was officer of the day; day warm; our corps moved to-day. Monday, Aug. 29, 1864. — Drill call sounded at 6.30 a. m. and caught some of the boys eating breakfast; they dropped everything and got out; drilled regimental drill until 7.30 a. m. ; Lieutenant-Colonel Hickman got Company B a keg of ale; pickets went at 5 this evening on the Sharpsburg road; dress parade this evening; Lieutenant Rumberger was officer of the picket; Lieutenant Wallace was officer of the day. Thursday, Aug. 30, 1864. — Company drill and dress parade; pickets came in; Captain Sherwood was officer of the day ; nothing new in the vicinity; muster rolls are finished; day was pleasant, evening cool. Wednesday, Aug. 31, 1864. — Mustered for pay at 6 o'clock this morning; pick- ets went out; dress parade this evening; chaplain held prayer meeting in Company F street this evening; all quiet in front to-day; day pleasant. Some of our boys crossed the river on a raft to-day to steal or buy some corn, and it is unlikely that any money will change hands. Tuesday, Sept. i, 1863. — Pickets went out at 8 o'clock and the old pickets 218 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. came in at 9 o'clock. Lieutenant Wix is being courtmartialed at Fort Duncan to- day for a trivial offense. Captain Quigley was field officer of the day and Captain Stuart was camp officer of the day. Friday, Sept. 2, 1864. — Company drill this morning; pickets went out and old ones came in; dress parade this evening; all quiet in front; a little rain this evening; Captain Swain was officer of the day. 000 Boliver Heights, Va. Saturday, Sept. 3, 1864. — The pack-up call awakened us up at i o'clock this morning; we packed up, waited until daylight and then marched down to the Poto- mac river and crossed on the pontoon bridge into old Virginia; we were expecting to join our corps, but were marched up on Bohver Heights, where we stacked arms and put up tents; heavy cannonading in front this evening, which continned until late in the night; Captain Byers was officer of the day. Sunday, Sept. 4, 1864. — Company inspection at 9 A. M. and preaching at ri A. M. by Chaplain Stephenson; day cool, with a little rain this evening; dress parade this evening; all quiet in front to-day; Captain Thompson was officer of the day; rumor in camp that the rebels captured forty ambulances to-night while on their way to the front. Monday, Sept. 5, 1864. — Battalion drill at 6.30 A. M. ; moved camp this morn- ing towards the Shenandoah river; commenced raining at 5 T. M. and rained all night. Some of our boys' time is out, having served three years, and they refused to do duty and were put on rail drill. The rank and file think they should have their discharge at once. Tuesday, Sept. 6, 1864. — We had orders to go to the front to-day, but they were countermanded; raining; pickets went out. Sergeant Johnston was officer of the picket and Captain Stuart officer of the day. We turned into the ordnance offi- cer our Austrian rifles and drew Enfield rifles. Wednesday, Sept. 7, 1864. — Orders this morning to guard convalescents, strag- glers and recruits to the front and rejoin our corps; started at 3 P. m. and halted at 9 p. M. at Charleston and sent out pickets. We are in charge of a wagon train and 1 100 men as above, going to their regiments. All quiet in front. 000 Charleston to Army Headquarters. Thursday, Sept. 8, 1864. — Marched at 6 o'clock this morning, arrived at army headquarters at i and rejoined our Sixth corps at 2 p. m; all quiet in front; rained this afternoon. Some recruits came to our regiment to-day. Friday, Sept. 9, 1864. — Moved camp to-day; we sent all baggage to the rear; all quiet in front; rained hard to-night. Some of our men who did not re-enlist got their discharges to-day and started home this evening, among them being Sterret Davis, John Dunlap, Matthew Kenyon and J. K. Wilson, of Company B. Saturday, Sept. 10, 18^4. — Very dull in camp to-day; we had brigade dress pa- rade this evening; rained hard to-day, and the water ran through our tents. Sunday, Sept. 11, 1864.— Up early; rain still falling, but cleared off about 7 a. M. ; received orders to get ready for inspection, so the morning was put in at cleaning up; preaching at 3 P. m., but a heavy rain caused the chaplain to cut the sermon short; we were inspected at 5 P. M. ; forty recruits came to the regiment; it is raining hard to-night. Lieutenant SAMUEL H. IRVIN. Who with His (Joinpany B, on Sept. 19, 1864, Took the Sliirmish Line, Swept the BMeld in B^ront of the Line of Battle and Cleaned the Rebels Offthe Principal Streets of Winchester. General DAVID A. RUSSELL. Killed at Winchester, Sept. 19, 18M. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 219 Near Winchester, Va. Monday, Sept. 12, 1864. — Squad drill this morning, battalion drill this after- noon and dress parade this evening; all quiet in front; an order was received to-day from brigade headquarters for inspection twice every day; more rain. Tuesday, Sept. 13, 1864. — Drills and parades same as yesterday; some rain; the Second division of our corps started out on reconnoitering duty this morning and found the enemy in force; they had a skirmish and lost eight or ten men, but cap- tured 200 rebels and returned to camp after dark. Wednesday, Sept. 14, 1864. — Heavy shower of rain to-day; Company drill; guard mount at 9 a. m. ; all quiet in front; pickets were relieved this afternoon; dress parade this evening by Captain Quigley. Thursday, Sept. 15, 1864. — Company drill this morning and dress parade this evening; all quiet in front; supply train came up and issued three days' rations; George Eckard and several others who were sent away to the hospital have returned; some clothing was issued this evening; day pleasant. Friday, Sept. 16, 1864. — Squad drill from 8 to 9 this morning, battalion drill from 2 to 4 this afternoon and dress parade at 5; all quiet in front; the day was pleasant. Saturday, Sept. 17, 1864. — General policing of camp this morning; no drills to- .day; dress parade this evening; all quiet in front. Sunday, Sept. 18, 1864. — Baggage -and supply train came up this morning; we had company inspection this morning and preaching at 2 this afternoon; the lieuten- ant oi Company B put W. H. W. under arrest; orders to pack up at 3 p. m., but they were countermanded and we put up our tents; dress parade at 5 o'clock this evening. 000 Battle of Winchester, Monday, Sept. 19, 1864. — Orders at x o'clock this morning to be ready to march at 4 o'clock, and we marched in the direction of Winchester, crossed the Opoquon river and met the enemy in force near the town. At 11 a. m. a general en- gagement is going on, and our Sixth corps is pushing the enemy. Our First divi- sion and brigade have driven them across fields, down over a steep bluif, across the main road into open fields. They are slowly and stubbornly falling back to their fort. (The fort is built in the shape of a star. ) Sheridan now rides along our bri- gade encouraging the boys; he is riding fast and loses his necktie. Lieutenant Sam Irvin and a Sixth Maine officer runs to get it. The Sixth Maine got the relic. The rebels now make a stand. Our adjutant rides up to Captain Quigley and says: "Captain deploy your company as skirmishers." Captain Quigley replied : "Adju- tant, I have no men." Then the adjutant rides to Lieutenant Sam Irvin and orders him to deploy Company B as skirmishers (the captain of Company B being sick with the yellow jaunders). Out goes Company B on double quick and advances. Many remarks are made in our regiment and brigade — "My God! look at Company B go- ing in; look at them boys going in." General Russell now rides out to the skirmishers, and as he passed through our lines he remarked that something must be done quick. In less than three minutes afterward he was killed, but our line of battle kept moving on as fast as possible. Now our cavalry is making a charge in the rear of the rebel fort, and this takes the attention of the rebels in our front. We now make a left oblique move to let other troops in on our right. Soon we make a left turn, facing toward town, and sweep the fields between the town and the rebel fort. We pause a few moments at a brick house and receive a tremendous shelling from the fort. The limbs and flesh of our boys would fly ten feet in the air. A shell hit Sergeant Ketner's gun, driving the 220 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. gun clear through him and bursting at the same time. Ketner's last words were: "Wait until I give them another shot." Captain John Thompson was hit in seven places. Company B, with John Snyder beating a rebel bass drum that he picked up on the field, is now starting down through the principal streets of Winchester, driv- ing the rebels helter-skelter before them, and soon we have cleaned the town of rebels. The skirmish line halts at the outskirts of the town, and our regiment and brigade come up. Other troops relieve us, and we rest for the night, alter a hard day's work. The loss in the Forty-ninth P. V. was 12 killed and 33 wounded, as follows: COMPANY A. Captain John M. Thompson, WOUNDED. John Lepley. Wm. Farris, killed. Major Amor W. Wakefield, prisoner. Killed, I; wounded, 2; prisoner, i; total, 4. George W. Eckard, COMPANY B. WOUNDED. Martin Lykens. Wm. Roseborough, killed. Killed, i; wounded, 2; total, 3. James Ambrose, COMPANY C. WOUNDED. W. H. H. Musser. First Sergeant George S. Ketner, killed. Killed, i; wounded, 2; total, 3. Uriah Kitchen, John A. Jackson, COMPANY D. WOUNDED. Philip Wintrode, Wm. H. McFarland. Jesse Taylor, killed. Killed, i; wounded, 4; total, 5. Jacob Coleman, Michiel Daugherty, COMPANY E. KILLED. Patrick Mcintosh, John Sweaver. WOUNDED. John Hester, John C. Pfeiffer. Killed, 3; wounded, 3; total, 6. Sergeant R, R. Davidson, Edward Barger, Lewis Boline, Edward Franklin, COMPANY F. WOUNDED. David C. Minnium, Andrew Sanderling, Wm. Settlemire, John Summers. Wounded, 8. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. . 221 , COMPANY G. WOUNDED. Sergeant Thomas B. Hildebrand, Bruce Whitehead, Elias Gustin, Henry Arbigast, Casper Eskin, Wm. M. Kirby, Oliver Long Wounded, 7. COMPANY H. KILLED. Lieutenant Joseph W. Wallace, Jonathan Sowers. Andrew D. Brouse, wounded. Killed, 2; wounded, i; total, 3. COMPANY L KILLED. Sergeant Henry Weipert, Charles W. Rhodes, James R. Deemer. WOUNDED. Lieutenant Daniel T. Rhodes, Wm. Botroff, Findly Stitzer. Killed, 3; wounded, 3; total, 6. LOSS BY COMPANIES. Company A 4 Company F 8 Company B 3 Company G 7 Company C 3 Company H 3 Company D 5 Company I 6 Company E 6 — Total 45 Tuesday, Sept. 20, 1864. — -Regiment up before daylight and marched through town. Our brigade received orders at 10 o'clock to go into camp just at the edge of the town. Our army is following up the enemy and a great many prisoners are be- ing brought in to-day. A detail went to our Sixth corps hospital in town for guard duty. Some cannonading in front. Wednesday, Sept. 21, 1864. — ^In camp during the day. Companies C and I were detailed to report to the Fifth Wisconsin battalion for picket. Some artillery firing in front to-day. Some of our boys visited our hospitals in town to see how our wounded are getting along. Thursday, Sept. 22, 1864. — Received a message at brigade headquarters that the enemy was whipped at Fisher's Hill and that the Federal troops captured 1500 prisoners and fifteen pieces of artillery. Congratulatory orders from General Grant and the war department were read. All the men in the regiment are detailed, and the adjutant sent the drummers to bury the dead. Dress parade this evening. Friday, Sept. 23, 1864. — Up early to roll call; inspection at 8 this morning and dress parade at 5 this afternoon; some convalerents came up to the regiment to-day; four days' rations-were issued to us; our detail which was with the Fifth Wisconsin has returned to the regiment; nearly all the regiment has been out on detail again to- day. Saturday, Sept. 24, 1864. — Raining at daybreak; orders at 6 this morning to march to Newtown, seven miles up the valley, to guard an ammunition train to the front, bring in a lot of prisoners, etc.; we arrived at Newtown at 10.30 A. m. and waited until 3 p. M. on the train and prisoners; we have 1,000 prisoners and seven- teen pieces of rebel artillery; we arrived at Winchester about dark and lodged the 222 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. prisoners in the court house yard, in charge of the provost marshal ; we had a heavy- rain storm this afternoon, and to-night we had a perfect hurricane. Sunday, Sept. 25, 1864.— Guard mount at 8.30 A. M., preaching at 3 P. M. and dress parade at 5 P. M. Windy and disagreeab'e all day. Monday, Sept. 26, 1864. — Day is pleasant; nothing oi any importance going on; dress parade this evening; officers are making out some muster-out rolls for men whose terms have expired; Captain Quigley was officer of the day; Captain Swain turned off dress parade. Tuesday, Sept. 27, 1864. — Roll call; boys are putting in the time cleaning up their guns and equipments, and some visited the hospital; inspection and dress pa- rade this evening; Captain Bratton was officer of the day; all quiet around Winches- ter. Wednesday, Sept. 28, 1864. — A detail of twenty men for fatigue duty reported to the medical director, and they were put to work burying the dead. They buried ten of our men, then went to dinner, after which they buried six rebels. The pay rolls came in, we signed them, and Major Robison is paying the regiment to-night for two months. Thursday, Sept. 29, 1864. — Reveille sounded at 3 o'clock this morning, and the regiment reported at 4 A. M. to provost marshal, and at daylight we started for Martinsburg with 778 prisoners. We halted at Bunker Hill for dinner and arrived at Martinsburg at 5 p. m., where we turned the prisoners over to a new guard and went into camp. Friday, Sept. 30, i864. — To-day the regiment, except camp guard and sick, is laying at Martinsburg waiting on a supply train to get ready, which we are to guard going back to Winchester; we moved our camp this evening; the boys in camp at Winchester are living good to-day; Bill White, Jake Giant and George Wills, of Company B, took breakfast at the Washington hotel; Sergeant McClellan, Jake Giant, Dave Esterline, Bill White and George Wills took dinner at a private house, and stepped down to hard tack for supper. Saturday, Oct. i, 1864. — We started for Winchester at noon; it rained all af- ternoon; we reached camp at 10 o'clock to-night; all quiet in our vicinity; our sup- ply train which we guarded to Winchester to-day consisted of 300 wagons. Sunday, Oct. 2, 1864. — Some rain to-day; no inspection or parade; nothing of any importance going on; boys are Hving good in Winchester at the hotels and pri- vate boarding houses. Mondaj', Oct. 3, 1864. —In camp; usual camp duties; vei'y disagreeable and wet to-day; officers are making ordnance returns to-day for the third quarter. Tuesday, Oct. 4, 1864. — Day pleasant; many of the boys are spending part of the day in town; Captain Ed Swain was officer of the day. Wednesday, Oct. 5, 1864. — Officers are making monthly returns of clothing, camp and garrison equipage; company drill at 9 A. m. ; dress parade this evening; pickets went out at 9 A. M. ; detail was too large and thirteen men were sent back; Captain Byers was officer of the day; George W. Eckard, of Company B, died in the hospital in town from a wound received on the 19th. Thursday, Oct. 6, 1864. — Moved our camp about half a mile east of town this morning; boys are putting up tents this afternoon. Friday, Oct. 7, 1864. — A detail was sent out (o the forage depot to load teams with oats, and returned to camp at 5 this afternoon; battahon drill this morning and dress parade this evening; day pleasant, but stormy to-night. Saturday, Oct. 8, 1864. — Very stormy and cold all day — fire feels very com- fortable; no drill or dress parade. Sunday, Oct. 9, 1864. — Very windy and cold this morning; company inspec- tion at 8.30 this morning; many of our boys attended church in town to-day. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 223 Monday, Oct. lo, 1864. — A heavy frost this morning, and many of the boys went to town for breakfast; we had skirmish drill this afternoon. Tuesday, Oct. 11, 1864. — Pickets went out for three days; a detail went to the quartermaster department to clean up some rooms and unload some clothing; Ser- geant Charles Fultz and Corporal Lawrence Crownover, who were wounded May 10, returned to camp; this is election day in camp, and the pickets came in and voted; Company C went unanimous for Union, 29 votes being polled in the company; votes polled in the regiment — Union, 181; Democrat, 51; total, 232. Wednesday, Oct. 12, 1864. — A detail was sent out to the battlefield of the 19th to get the body of one of Company G's men who was killed on that day; day was pleasant, evening cool; pickets are still out. Thursday, Oct. 13, 1864. —Boys up for roll call; battalion and skirmish drill from 7 till 9 A. M. ; day pleasant, evening cloudy and cool; some of the Twenty-sec- ond Pennsylvania Cavalry are with us to- day. Friday, Oct. 14, 1864. — Pickets came in at 11 this morning; a detail built an oven for the colonel to-day; Lieutenant Dale was busy after coming off picket mak- ing out muster rolls and discharges for sixteen men of old Company G; the day was cold. Saturday, Oct. 15, 1864. — Lieutenant Dale made muster-out rolls and discharges for seven men of old Company D this morning; the boys are cleaning up for to-mor- row's inspection; all quiet in this vicinity. Sunday, Oct. 16, 1864. — Roll call and breakfast; company inspection at 8.30 A. M. ; day is cold; preaching in camp; some of the boys attended church in town this evening. Monday, Oct. 17, 1864. — We had battalion skirmish drill over the battlefield of the 19th this morning; pickets went out; some of Company B had a good post on the hne at Mr. Williams' house until 2 p. m., when Colonel Basset, commanding the brigade, and Colonel Clark, of the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers, field officer of the day, came out and moved their post; day pleasant, night cool. Tuesday, Oct. 18, 1864. — Skirmish drill over the battlefield again to-day; Col- onel Edwards accompanied us; pleasant during the day; the wagon train came in from Martinsburg this evening. Wednesday, Oct. 19, 1864. — Heavy cannonading up the valley this morning; all the troops at the post (Winchester) were ordered out under arms at noon, and formed line of battle south of town on both sides of the valley road; the wounded are coming in from the front, and the Eighth corps stragglers are coming in from the front thick; the firing ceased at sundown; six men of old Company I w^ere mustered out to-day. Thursday, Oct. 20, 1864. — Our pickets came in at 2 p. m. Many of the old men whose time has expired were mustered out to-day, sixteen belonging to old Company G being among the number. All quiet in front. The wagon train went out this morning. Captain Swain was officer of the day. Friday, Oct. 21, 1864. — A detail of three men — Toot, Duey and Wills — was sent into town to the quartermaster's office for guard duty. Some wounded and prisoners are coming in from the front this evening. Day is pleasant. Saturday, Oct. 22, 1864. — The adjutant got the muster-out papers for the boys whose time is out. Pleasant during the day, but the night is cold and stormy. A lot of wounded came from the front after dark. Sunday, Oct; 23, 1864. — The men whose terms of enlistment have expired started home this morning, leaving camp in good spirits; pickets went out; they are posted on the Berry ville road; cold and windy all day; all quiet in town. Monday, Oct. 24, 1864. — Nothing new in camp; usual details for camp duty; day pleasant, night cool. 224 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. SCOUTS. [In justice to those who are leaving the regiment, their time of three years really having expired about two months ago, all I can say is: Look at their records. Dis- charged Oct. 24, 1864. A glance will soon convince you that they have seen much hard service. We are sorry to see them leave us. Here it is proper to make men- tion of two men of Company B, whom, it seems, our company officers do not have a correct account of. W. H. White and Samuel D. Heffiier on or about Sept. 24, 1864, were detailed as Sheridan's scouts, under Captain Young, and from that date up to Oct. 24, 1864, they had been many miles outside of our lines. Once they lay at Snicker's Gap for five days watching the movements of the rebel army. Another time they traveled through the rebel camps for three days in citizens' dress. Had they been caught they would have been hanged on the spot. Heffner's time ex- pired Oct. 24, 1864, but White remained in the valley and never returned to the regiment, having been shot through the body in January, 1865, while twelve miles outside our lines. At the time he was attired in the uniform of a rebel soldier. But few outside of headquarters knew about this detail. I have letters explaining all.] — Author. Tuesday, Oct. 25, 1864. — Our pickets are still out; a wagon train came in from Martinsburg and was attacked by guerrillas a few miles from this place; Gen'l Duffy was wounded; [this is the officer that made us take our shoes off to inspect our feet] ; our regiment started in pursuit of the guerrillas, but returned without finding them ; adjutant puts it as follows: "Regiment went down the road toward Martinsburg af- ter game, but it was gone. ' ' Wednesday, Oct. 26, 1864. — Roll call this morning; pickets came in at 10 A. M. ; Captain Bratton was officer of the day; day pleasant; a grand ball to-night. Our regiment was presented with a new flag this afternoon. Colonel Edwards made the presentation speech, and Captain Stuart replied in behalf of the regiment. Color Sergeant Henry Entriken took the new colors and Color Corporal T. H. McFarland took the old stand. Colonel Edwards, of the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Volun- teers, .spoke as follows : Officers and Men of the Gallant Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers: By the request of your brave commander. Colonel Hickman, I have the honor to present to you this emblem of our nation's glory, its strength and its pride. For more than three years you have been fighting our country's battles, winning unim- peachable laurels. In the battle of Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864, by your bravery and gallantry, you saved Cowan's battery from capture, driving the enemy before you. You placed your front on the left of the enemy's advance and hurled death and de- struction into the ranks of the foe, therebyenabling the rest of the command easily to hurl back the enemy from before us. Captain Stuart, in making over to you who are to receive these beautiful colors as the gift, the trust of your state, in jbehalf of the officers and men of the Forty-ninth, I do it, knowing that as long as life lasts no man of your regiment will allow them to be dishonored; that so long as breath animates your bodies, so long will you rally around the flag. Captain Stuart, in reply, spoke as follows: Colonel Edwards: In behalf of the officers and men of our regiment, I accept this flag, and in doing so we are ready to repeat the words of the former commander of the regiment when qe received one at the hands of Governor Curtin more than three years ago. That old flag, of which now there is but little left, except shreds and tatters, he said that "so long as he had an arm to wield a sword, or a man left to fight in its defense, so long should it be free from the touch of its enemies." How well the pledge has been kept by the regiment we leave for others to say; and now, as we are about to lay aside the flag and take up this new one, we promise that so long as any of us are OUR SOUVENIR. Carried Through All Our Battles. OUR NEW i'LAG. Presented to the Regiment Oct. 26, 1861,1 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 225 left, SO long shall its honor be protected. At the time the old flag was received it was not supposed by any of us that our services would be required to defend our country long enough to wear out one flag, but time has shown us our mistake, as the end of three years still finds us fighting in behalf of our country, and still ready and willing if necessary to fight three years longer in its defense. When this cruel war shall have ceased, and the rebellion shall have been crushed; when the glorious Stars and Stripes shall wave triumphant over every city, town or hamlet in the United States, whether North or South, then shall it be the pride of the Forty-ninth to carry back with us to our State, not only this but also the old flag, there to be deposited with the archives of the State, to be looked upon and revered by the generations that shall rise up to enjoy the blessings fought for beneath these flags. Thursday, Oct. 27, 1864. — Raining this morning; officers commenced working on muster rolls this afternoon ; some of our boys went to the post commissary and drew $6. 20 commutation money for the time they were home on veteran furlough ; raining to-night. Friday, Oct. 28, i864.^0fficers finished muster rolls; a train of wagons went to the front to-day; our brigade has orders to march to the front to-morrow; adjutant went to Kernstown this morning after conscripts. 000 Winchester and fliddletown, Va. Saturday, Oct. 29, 1864. — Marched for the front at daylight this morning with a wagon train; Company C was deployed as flankers; we joined our division near Middletown at 2 this afternoon; Adjutant A. T. Hilands was mustered out of the service (expiration of term); cool all day; Lieutenant Joseph B. Downing is acting as adjutant. Sunday, Oct. 30, 1854. — A heavy fight this morning; we were called up early to roll call; general policing of camp; preaching this afternoon and dress parade this evening; seven men of old Company D were mustered out; Adjutant Hilands left for home. Monday, Oct. 31, 1864. — Company inspection and muster this morning; Ser- geant A. C. Greenland, of old Company D, whose time is out, started home this morning; battalion drill from 2 till 4 P. M., and dress parade this evening. 000 Near Middletown, Va. Tuesday, Nov. i, 1864. — The regiment had skirmish drill this morning; battal- ion drill this afternoon and dress parade this evening; a small foraging party was out to-day and brought in one load of hay; Captain Bratton was officer of the day; cold and cloudy. Wednesday, Nov. 2, 1S64. — Skirmish drill this morning and battalion drill this afternoon; a small foraging party was out to-day about ten miles in the country and brought in one load of hay and apples; we drew two days' rations; day cold and some rain falling. Thursday, Nov. 3, 1864. — Regiment drilled three hours to-day and then had dress parade at 5 this afternoon; day was cold; Captain Byers was officer of the day. Friday, Nov. 4, 1864. — We had the regular routine of camp duties; battalion drill this afternoon; cloudy and raining some; our chaplain put up a tent. Saturday, Nov. 5, 1864. — Usual drills and dress parade; day was windy and cold; all quiet in camp. Sunday, Nov. 6, 1864. — Roll call; train came in and we drew four days' rations; preaching in camp and prayer meeting this evening. 226 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Monday, Nov. 7, 1864. — Skirmish drill this morning and battalion drill this af- ternoon; a brigade foraging party is out to-day; one of Company C was accidentally shot through the leg by our party; we rode about twenty-five miles; the guerrillas at- tacked us on our way back, and they killed one of our men and wounded one, and we captured a lieutenant and two men; the party returned at dark with chickens, cabbage and hay; the writer thinks this party went out on its own accord; have no account of any loss to-day; day cold. Tuesday, Nov. 8, 1864. — This was election day; the result in our regiment was : Lincoln, 180; McClellan, 68; total vote polled, 248; Lincoln's majority, 112; George Wills says he was up early and voted for Honest Abe; no unusual excitement in camp; company drill and dress parade this evening. The vote for President by com- panies was as follows: LINCOLN. M'CLEL'n. MAJ. Company A 22 .3 19 Company B 19 11 8 Company C 17 i 16 Company D 21 i 20 Company E 27 7 20 Company F 23 10 13 Company G 24 9 15 Company H 5 18 — Company 1 22 8 14 Totals 180 68 125 McClellan's majority (Company H) 13 Lincoln over McClellan 112 Wednesday, Nov. 9, 1864. — Orders to move this pleasant morning, and we marched at 9 A. M. toward Winchester, passed through Middletown and Newtown and camped six miles from Winchester, near Curnstown, at 2 p. m. ; Captain Bratton was officer of the day. Thursday, Nov. 10, 1864. — In camp; battalion and skirmish drill this afternoon; we drew four days' rations; the boys have put up tents; Captain Wombacker was officer of the day ; all quiet in the valley. 000 Near Curnstown, Va. Friday, Nov. 11, 1864. — Policed the camp this morning; battalion drill for two hours this afternoon; some skirmishing in our front to-day; all quiet at 8 p. m. ; Lieu- tenant Dale was officer of the day. Saturday, Nov. 12, 1864. — All quiet in front to-day; day is cold and stormy; prayer meeting this evening. Sunday, Nov. 13, 1864. — Roll call; morning cold; all hands at work to-day dig- ging rifle pits and building a fort in front of our camp; pickets went out. Monday, Nov. 14, 1864. — Very cold this morning, and some rain and sleet to- night. We drew four days' rations; the brigade band serenaded the colonel to-night. Tuesday, Nov. 15, 1864. — Pickets went out this afternoon, comprising Lieuten- ant Dale, one sergeant, three corporals and twenty-six men. Morning very cold. Sergeant Stahl and George Wills had some short words about some wood. Wednesday, Nov. 16, 1864. — Cool and cloudy this morning, and the boys are fixing up their cabins to keep out the cold; brigade dress parade this evening; Cap- tain Stuart is officer of the day; all quiet in this part of the valley; pickets still out; it has been pleasant during the day. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERS. 227 Thursday, Nov. 17, 1864. — Raining this morning; some of the boys visited Winchester to-day; brigade dress parade this evening; all quiet in the valley; men busy building quarters; orders for review of the corps to-morrow or Saturday. Friday, Nov. 18, 1864. — Rain fell all day; all quiet in the valley; Captain By- ers was officer of the day; pickets came in at 5 p. m. Saturday, Oct. 19, 1864. — This is a wet, disagreeable day, and the boys are all housed up; brigade dress parade at 4 p. M. by Colonel Allen of the Fifth Wisconsin, commanding the brigade. Sunday, Nov. 20, 1864. — Company inspection at 2 p. m. ; raining this evening; all quiet in the valley; train came out with our regiment baggage. Monday, Nov. 21, 1864. — This was another wet day; we got ready for review, marched out to the review ground and was reviewed by General Sheridan; rain fall- ing while were being reviewed; the night was cold and stormy and some snow fell; some of the boys slept cold to-night; the review to-day was that of the Sixth army corps. Tuesday, Nov. 22, 1864. — Our brigade started at sundown to guard a supply train to Martinsburg; night cold. Wednesday, Nov. 23, 1864. — Raining; regiment at Martinsburg, except camp guard and sick. Tuesday, Nov. 24, 1864. — Morning cold; regiment has not 5'et returned to camp. Friday, Nov. 25, 1864. — All quiet in camp. The regiment is still away and the writer has nothing to write from outside of camp. Saturday, Nov. 26, i864.^Boys in camp are loafing around. The regiment is still away and everything is quiet in the valley. Sunday, Nov. 27, 1864. — Nothing new in camp. The regiment is still away. Monday, Nov. 28, 1864. — Morning cold. All quiet to-day — regiment away. Tuesday, Nov. 29, 1864. — Regiment has not yet returned from Martinsburg. Wednesday, Nov. 30, 1864. — The brigade and regiment returned to camp this morning. We drew four days' rations. Thursday, Dec. i, 1864. — Called up at 2 o'clock this morning, and orders to be ready at 6 o'clock to march. We left camp at the appointed hour and marched to Winchester and arrived at Stephenson Station at 11 o'clock. Our First division got on the train, and the train moved all day and night via Harper's Ferry and Relay House. Friday, Dec. 2, 1864. — This morning finds us on the train, and we arrived at Annapolis about 7 a. m. , took on wood and water and went on our way to Washing- ton and arrived there about noon. We marched direct to the steamboat landing and went aboard the steamboat John A. Warner, accompanied by the 119th Pennsylva- nia Volunteers. The boat ran down to Alexandria, Va. , cast anchor and remained here for the night. We drew two days' rations at Washington. 000 Winchester, Washington and Alexandria. Saturday, Dec. 3, 1864. — Our boat weighed anchor at daybreak this morning and started down the Potomac river, crossing the bay to Fortress Monroe, at which place we arrived at 11 o'clock to-night, cast anchor and remained for the balance of the night; night windy and bay rough. Sunday, Dec, 4, 1864. — Weighed anchor at daylight this morning, started up the James river and landed at City Point, Va. , at 2 p. m. We marched about half a mile, stacked arms, rested and then marched one mile toward the front, where we stacked arms to wait for a train to take us up to the front, but none came and we re- mained here for the night. We drew two days' rations, got supper and curled]down for the night near the railroad. The night was cool. 228 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Petersburg, Pa. Monday, Dec. 5, 1864. — Reveille called us up early, we got breakfast and took the cars for the front at 9 A. M. We rode about twelve miles and relieved Crawford's First division of the Fifth corps this evening. Our regiment now occu- pies the front at Fort Wadsworth. Some skirmishing in front. Some of the Penn- sylvania Reserves came to see us. A detail from our regiment to go on picket got there in time to carry a dead man from the line. Day pleasant, but quarters poor. Tuesday, Dec. 6, 1864. — Day pleasant; some artillery firing on our right; the Fifth corps started to the left, accompanied by the cavalry; picket firing in front to- day; drew two days' rations; we are having a little rain to-night. Wednesday, Dec. 7, 1864. — Some indications of a move this morning; raining and very muddy; artillery and picket firing on our right to-day. Thursday, Dec. 8, 1864. — We moved out of Fort Wadsworth this morning to make room for the Ninth New York heavy artillery. We moved to new quarters built by the Sixteenth Maine regiment of the Fifth corps, and the boys are busy fix- ing up their quarters. Cupp, of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited us. Some of our boys visited the 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers. We are under march- ing orders to go the left to assist the Fifth corps, if they require our assistance; drew two days' rations; night a little cool. Friday, Dec. 9, 1864. — Packed up and moved about 4 p. m. George Wills has a very sore hand and had to go to the doctor to have it dressed. He says dead beats staid in camp (he staid) ; any man who has endured our marches since May 4 is worth a whole brigade of dead beats (Wills is one that did that); rain, hail and snow commenced falling about dark; the division halted outside of the Second corps picket line at 10 o'clock to-night; sleeting and storming all night. Saturday, Dec. 10, 1864. — Formed line of battle this morning and commenced fortifying at noon, and soon after we are on our road to camp, arriving there about 6 o'clock this evening, and put up tents. After being in camp half an hour, we got orders to pack up to march at a moment's notice, and marched at 7 o'clock. The boys are out of humor, and some are swearing and others marching off quietly. We marched to the right about three miles, and now occupy the camp of the Ninth corps during its temporary absence. A heavy rain fell nearly all night. Some artillery fir- ing on our right to-day, but quiet in front. Sunday, Dec. 11, 1864. — This morning is cold and disagreeable. The regiment returned to camp after dark, and we got our tents up in a kind of a shape and went to bed. Monday, Dec. 12, 1864. — This morning is very cold and the boys, are busy working at their quarters. Tuesday, Dec. 13, 1864.— Some of our boys visited the 205th Pennsylvania Vol- unteers; usual camp duties; all quiet. Wednesday, Dec. 14, 1864.— This morning is cold; McCafferty, of Company D, Third Pennsylvania cavalry, called to see us; all quiet along the line; drew clothing and two days' rations. Thursday, Dec. 15, 1864.— George Wills is still attending sick call with a sore hand. King, of 191st Pennsylvania Volunteers; Flood, of Battery B, First Pennsyl- vania artillery, and Sam Patterson and Alex Burns, of Company A, 205th Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, paid us a visit. Captain Sherwood was officer of the day. Friday, Dec. 16, 1864. — Regimental inspection and dress parade; some firing along the line, but quiet in our front, and they are firing on our immediate right and left; day pleasant. Saturday, Dec. 17, 1864. — Boys have been fixing up their quarters and cleaning up the camp when not on duty for a few days past. Some of our boys visited the Forty-fifth and 105th Pennsylvania Volunteers to-day. We drew three days' rations; HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 229 dress parade this evening; some firing on the picket line to-day. Captain Hutchin- son returned from detached duty at Carlisle, Pa. , yesterday, and was mustered out of service this morning. Sunday, Dec. 18, 1864. — Orders for regimental inspection at 10 A. m., but rain fell before that time and the order was countermanded. Preaching at 2 p. M. Cap- tain Hutchinson turned off dress parade this evening and did it all right. Cannon- ading on the right. Monday, Dec. 19, 1864. — Roll call, breakfast and sick call; George Wills, of Company B, still has a very sore hand; non-commissioned officers' drill at 2 P. M. ; brigade dress parade at 3 p. m. ; Captain Hutchinson left for home this morning. Tuesday, Dec. 20, 1864. — This morning was cold; Colonel B. T. Fisher and Major J. T. Jock paid us a visit to-day; brigade dress parade this evening; all quiet along the line; a heavy rain is falling to-night. Wednesday, Dec. 21, 1864. — Still raining this morning; many of the boys are reading novels to put in the time; quiet along the line; rain all day; evening cold, storming, freezing. Thursday, Dec. 22, 1864. — Roll and sick calls. The ground is frozen, and it was cold and windy all day. Day quiet, and the boys are reading novels, papers, etc. Friday, Dec. 23, 1864.- — Nothing new in camp or along the line and everything is quiet. George Rumberger and John King, of the 191st Pennsylvania Volunteers, spent part of the day and to-night with Company B. Night cool. Saturday, Dec. 24, 1864. — Cold this morning; George Wills is put on light duty, but his hand is .still sore; drew seven days' rations; non-commissioned officers drilled from 10 until 11.30 A. M. ; some skirmishing in our front to-night. Captain Bratton was officer of the day. Sunday, Dec. 25, 1864. — Day is pleasant, and some of our boys visited the 184th Pennsylvania Volunteers; company inspection this morning; warm and rain is falling to-night. Monday, Dec. 26, 1864. — This is a very disagreeable, wet morning; some of our boys visited the 191st Pennsylvania Volunteers; day is dark and foggy; roads very muddy; drew one day's rations; all quiet along the line. Tuesday, Dec. 27, 1864. — Mud has the right of way; nothing of note took place; all quiet along the line; some of the boys had a h. h. ; James Harding, of Company E, Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, spent the day with us; he was on his way home on ten day furlough; some rain fell after dark. Wednesday, Dec. 28, 1864.- — This a wet and disagreeable morning, with some rain; usual camp duties. We turned in our old cartridge boxes and received new ones of a better quality. Thursday, Dec. 29, 1864. — Day cold and a Httle snow fell, and the boys as a general thing are in quarters; all quiet along the line; night very cold. Friday, Dec. 30, 1864. — Nothing new, and quiet along the line; day unpleasant and it is raining. Saturday, Dec. 31, 1864.— -The following is taken from a diary signed "One of the Vets:" The rebels put consternation among the sleeping inmates of our camp this morning by attacking our picket line. All was hurry and confusion until we got into line, but by that time quiet was restored. What was accomplished we have not heard. Day blustery and cold, with some snow. Eleven o'clock to-night find us writing the last page for 1864. Who will write the last page for 1865? This night is a freezer, the wind is howling and many tents are cold, so I will say the story for this year is told. We were mustered for two months' pay to-day. Sunday, Jan. i, 1865. — This day finds us still soldiers in the grand old Army of the Potomac. We are comfortably quartered near Petersburg (where dead beats and skulkers are few and far between). Where the beginning of next year will find us is known only to Him in whose hands is the destiny of nations. The day was 230 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. cold. We had company inspection at 11 A. M. John King, George Rumberger, and George and Frank Couts, of the igist Pennsylvania Volunteers (old Fifth P. v.), visited Company B. Dave McGaghan and A. P. Decker helped to entertain them. All quiet along the line. Day cold and stormy. Monday, Jan. 2, 1865. — Day cold. Boys are cleaning up guns and equip- ments. All quiet along the line. The regiment was formed this evening and sev- eral orders were read to us. Captain Wombacker was officer of the day. Lieuten- ant Dale visited the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers of the Ninth Corps. Tuesday, Jan. 3, 186.5 — This morning is cold, and some snow fell to-day. A detail was sent down the railroad two miles and cut and loaded six teams with logs, and returned to the camp at 3 p. m. Quiet along the line. Wednesday, Jan. 4, 1865. — A fatigue party, under command of Lieutenant C. Dale, is out to-day putting up a new line ofabattis in front of the rifle pits. Some in- fantry firing on our right at the Ninth corps. Cold all day. Thursday, Jan. 5, 1865. — This morning is cold. Camp guard mount at 8.30 A. M. and relieved the old guard. We turned in our old Austrian rifles and got new Springfield rifles, made in 1861. All quiet to-day. Friday, Jan. 6, 1865. — Cold this morning, and heavy rain fell all day. A detail was sent at daybreak to build an abattis in front of our brigade, and worked until noon. Peter Cox, a deserter from the Fourth New Jersey, was shot to death with musketry at 1 1 A. M. in front of our brigade. All quiet along the line to-day. Saturday, Jan. 7, 1865. — Usual camp duties; day pleasant, but camp very muddy; all quiet in camp and along the line. Sunday, Jan. 8, 1865. — Morning and night cold, but pleasant during the day; regimental inspection at 10.30 a. m. ; all quiet along the line. Monday, Jan. 9, 1865. — Very cold this morning. George Will, of Company B, visited his brother James, of Company A, 205th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Very muddy in camp. James Donegan, of Company B, returned to the regiment. He had been away wounded since May 5, 1864. A heavy rain set in at 10 P. m. and continued all night. Tuesday, Jan. 10, 1865. — Day very disagreeable — raining all day; fatigue party out cleaning the drains in camp; camp very muddy; night cold; everything seems to be quiet in our army. Wednesday, Jan. 11, 1865. — Clear and cold this morning; usual camp duties; all quiet along the line; bitter cold to-night. Thursday, Jan. 12, 1865. — Camp guard relieved at 9 A. m. and new guard went on; brigade dress parade at 4 P. M.; a man of the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers was drummed out of the service for cowardice at dress parade; we had company drill to-day for a change; day pleasant, but plenty of mud in camp. Friday, Jan. 13, 1865. — Day pleasant, but night cold; company drill from 9 to IDA. M. ; all quiet along the line. Saturday, Jan. 14, 1865. — This is a pleasant morning, but evening cold. Boys are washing their clothes and cleaning guns and equipments. We turned in our old knapsacks and drew new ones. Quiet along the line. Sunday, Jan. 15, 1865.— Morning cold. Regimental inspection at 10.30 a. m. and dress parade this evening. Quiet along the line. Monday, Jan. 16, 1865.— Cold this morning and evening, but day pleasant. Company drill from 10 to 11 a. m., and battalion drill from 2 to 3 p. m. Tuesday, Jan. 17, 1865.— Company drill this cold morning from 9 to 10 o'clock and battalion drill from 2 to 4 p. m. Quiet along the hne. Wednesday, Jan. 18, 1865.— Usual camp duties. Everything is quiet along the line. Morning cold, but pleasant during the day. Thursday, Jan. 19, 1865.— Morning cold, but pleasant during the day. Usual camp duties. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 231 Friday, Jan. 20, 1865. — Battalion drill this morning and company drill from 2 to 3 p. M. All quiet to-day. Our army is eating, sleeping and laying low, but we sup- pose General Grant is studying up some devilment for us to get into soon, and we are expecting it just as soon as the weather will permit. Saturday, Jan. 21, 1865. — Raining this morning and still raining this evening ; it kept everybody and all their friends quiet and in camp. Sunday, Jan. 22, 1865. — This is a cold dreary day, and the boys are housed up reading and talking about what our army has done and what it intends doing, etc. , but no one seems to know what our first move will be this spring; we are all satis- fied, however, that some one will get hurt. Monday, Jan. 23, 1865. — Day very unpleasant and camp very muddy; the news agents are having a harvest now, the boys having very little to do but read, outside of the usual camp guard; now and then a little detail for fatigue duty fills the bill. Tuesday, Jan. 24, 1865. — Guard mount at 8.30 a. m.; day cold; some firing along the line. Wednesday, Jan. 25, 1865. — Day cold; boys are having some trouble getting wood now , quiet along the line. Thursday, Jan. 26, 1865. — ^This is a bitter cold day; regimental inspection this afternoon; quiet along the line. Friday, Jan. 27, 1865. — Very cold this morning; a fatigue party went out to cut wood at 8 a. m. for the regiment and returned to camp at 4 p. M. with six loads; nothing new in camp. Saturday, Jan. 28, 1865. — Usual camp duties; day cold; the boys generally in quarters; all quiet. Sunday, Jan. 29, 1865. — Inspection at 10 A. m. by the lieutenant colonel of the Fifth Wisconsin; dress parade at 4 this afternoon; day pleasant. Monday, Jan. 30, 1865. — Company drill from 10 to 11 A. m., brigade drill from 1.30 till 3 p. M; day cold; all quiet. Tuesday, Jan. 31, 1865. — Cold this morning; usual camp duties; all quiet along the line. Wednesday, Feb. i, 1865. — Roll call; breakfast; a fatigue party went out to cut poles to corduroy the company streets, and it returned to camp at 3 p. m. ; roads are" very muddy; nothing new in camp; day pleasant. Thursday, Feb. 2, 1865. — Detail started out at sunrise to the woods for poles to finish our streets, and sent in three loads and returned to camp at 3 p. m. ; day pleas- ant; mud plenty; quiet in camp and along the line. Friday, Feb. 3, " 1865. — -Pickets started out at 8.30 o'clock this morning. Three deserters came in after dark belonging to Company T, Twenty-second North Carolina. Their friends fired a few shots at them as they were coming across, but without effect. Nothing new in camp. Some rain to-night. Saturday, Feb. 4, 1865. — Pickets came in at 10 A. m. ; day cold; nothing new; everything quiet Sunday, Feb. 5, 1865. — Called up at 4 o'clock this morning; orders to get ready to move; got breakfast, packed up and waited for orders to march; some of the boys went to the corps chapel to preaching, but were called out in a few minutes to join the regiment; marched at 8 a. m. to the left of the Second corps, threw up rifle pits and remained there all night; very cold; cannonading in the direction of Hatche's Run. 000 Hatch's Run. Monday, Feb. 6, 1865. — Very cold this morning. The Third division of the Ninth corps is in the pits on the right of us. We lay here until 4 this afternoon and 232 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. then marched to Hatch's Run. There is some fighting going on — the Fifth corps and cavalry are engaged. Our division advanced across the run. Some of the Fifth corps are coming out of the woods in very bad order. We formed line in the rear of them. After quiet was restored our division recrossed the creek and rested for the night. Day cool. Tuesday, Feb. 7, 1865. — Up early and got breakfast. Sleet and rain falling, and by 10 a. m. a heavy rain fell. We again cross the creek at 11 A. M. and form line of battle in rear of the Third division. Fifth corps. The rebels gave us a shell- ing, and we moved up to where the Third division. Fifth corps, had partly built a rifle pit; we finished it. The Iron Brigade of that division is trying to advance, but for want of pluck fizzled out. We got a shelling. There was skirmishing going on all night. Rain and sleet fell all day, and froze as it fell. We made fires after dark and settled down along side of them — to be burned, froze and smoked. Wednesday, Feb. 8, 1865. — Orders to march at i o'clock this morning, and we left the line and started for our camp; sky clear and morning bitter cold, and the ground is covered with ice and very slippery. We reached camp at 4 o' clock this morning, tired hungry and wet, with our clothes frozen on us. This is enough to make us think of home. We put roofs on our houses, made fires and coffee, and by 5 o'clock nearly every person is in bed asleep. Some slept all day, and every per- son turned in early to night. Thursday, Feb. 9, 1865. — Orderly sergeants were around making detail before we were out of bed this morning to report immediately for fatigue. Many reported without breakfast, and they were sent out to the woods to cut wood for the regiment, and they returned to camp hungry about noon. Day cold; nothing new in camp. 000 Petersburg, Va. Friday, Feb, 10, 1865. — Some of the boys commenced the day's work by wash- ing their clothes; some artillery firing in front of Petersburg; John Westbrook, of the 143d Pennsylvania Volunteers, called to see us; he has been to Clearfield, Pa., •his home, on furlough. Saturday, Feb. 11, 1865. — Morning cold; boys are puttmg in the time reading to-day; fatigue parties are busy rrpairing the fortifications and building new ones; all quiet along the line; Lieutenant C. Dale was officer of the day. Sunday, Feb. 12, 1864. — Very cold this morning; regiment was inspected by Captain Wombacker; we have camp guard and pickets out to-day; quite a lot of the regiment started home on furloughs this morning; twelve men of Company B have gone, also the colonel; day was cold; all quiet along the line. COPY OF LETTER. Near Winchester, Va., Feb. 12, 1865. W. H. White, late of Company B, was shot through the lungs three weeks ago from this date, at Woodstock, in the Shenandoah Valley. He rode twelve miles to- ward Winchester, and was taken off his horse at my house. George F. Hupp. [The above letter makes Billy White wounded Monday, Jan. 23, 1865.] Author. Monday, Feb. 13, 1865. — Roll call; breakfast; pickets went out at 8 A. M.;some picket firing on our right. Tuesday, Feb. 14, 1865.— Pickets relieved at 10 A. M. by a new detail from our regiment: dress parade this evening; day pleasant. Captain Bill Sherwood was offi- cer of the day. Wednesday, Feb. 15, 1865.— Raining this morning; day unpleasant and camp muddy; quiet along the Hne; usual fatigue parties out. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 233 Thursday, Feb. 16, 1865. — A detail went out to work at Fort Fisher, which is about two miles to our left; they reported at 7.30 A. m. ; 1600 men worked on the fort to-day; they returned to camp at 3 p. m. ; day pleasant; pickets went out; heavy can- nonading on our right this evening; raining some to-night; Captain Jack Russell was officer of the day. Friday, Feb. 17, 1865. — Raining this morning; heavy cannonading on our right this evening; all quiet in our front; six rebel deserters came in on our front; Lieuten- ant C. Dale, of Company C, was officer of the day. Saturday, Feb. 18, 1865. — Day pleasant; guard mount at 9 A. m. ; usual fatigue party out working on Fort Fisher; heavy skirmishing on our right all night; all quiet in our front; we have pickets out. Sunday, Feb. 19, 1865. — Roll call; breakfast; regimental inspection at 10 A. M. ; John King and George Rumberger, of the 191st Pennsylvania Volunteers; James Harding, of the iioth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Henry McCall, of the Fifty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, visited our regiment to-day; many of the boys attended preaching services at the corps chapel, and the congregation was so large that many had to stand outside. Forty-three rebel deserters, belonging to Company I, Thirty- second North Carolina, came in to-night, bringing their guns and equipments with them. Monday, Feb. 20, 1865. — Squad drill and company drill this morning; battahon drill this afternoon; usual fatigue party out working on Fort Fisher; brisk cannon- ading on our left to-day; day is pleasant; Lieutenant Hackenbergis officer of the day. Tuesday, Feb. 21, 1865. — Cold this morning; fatigue party is digging drains in camp, and one was sent out to Fort Fisher; a salute of 100 guns was fired at noon in honor of the fall of Charleston and Columbia, S. C. ; quiet along the line; pickets went out. Wednesday, Feb. 22, 1865. — Pleasant morning; pickets went out at 7 A. m. ; eleven deserters came into our brigade picket line to-day; some firing along the line; Captain Bratton, of Company B, is officer of the picket; we received orders to be vigilant, as an attack is expected; the regiment is packed up to-night waiting the enemy's advance, but the attack was deferred, and we were agreeably disappointed; Fort Howard fired a salute in honor of Washington' s Birthday at i p. m. Thursday, Feb. 23, 1865. — A rain storm set in at 2 o'clock this morning, but quit raining at noon ; pickets were relieved at 8 A. m. ; paymaster in camp, and we signed the pay roll for four months and $50 veteran bounty; another storm set in at dark and continued all night; eighty more deserters came in in our front; we have a guard on at Fort Wads worth and a fatigue party is working at Fort Fisher to-day; quiet along the line to-night. Friday, Feb. 24, 1865. — A fatigue party went out this morning to work on Fort Fisher; we were paid for four months this evening, the veteran's receiving over $100 each; we were out in line at 2 p. m., and were reviewed by Generals Penrose and Hamlin ; a salute was fired at 4 p. m. in honor of the fall of Wilmington, N. C. ; some artillery firing on our right, but quiet in front. Saturday, Feb. 25, 1865. — Some of our boys visited the 205th Pennsylvania Volunteers to-day through rain and mud; orders to be ready to form in the rifle pit at a moment's notice — somebody scared; rain fell all day; rapid artillery firing on our right this evening. Sunday, Feb. 26, 1865. — This is a rainy morning; boys generally spent the day in camp; all quiet along the line to-day. Monday, Feb. 27, 1865. — Pleasant morning; a detail went to the woods for wood and sent in four loads, then came in for dinner and sent in two more loads, and re- turned to camp by 3 p. m. ; regiment was inspected at 10 a. m. Tuesday, Feb. 28, 1865. — Some rain falling this morning, but pleasant this afternoon; all quiet along the line; a detail for guard to go to Fort Wadsworth, and 234 HISTORY 49TH Pennsylvania volunteers. the guards had to stand on the parapets; the night was cold; Lieutenant John Hight, of Company B, was officer of the guard; the regiment was mustered at 10 A. M. Wednesday, March I, 1865. — Morning cold; guards were relieved at Fort Wadsworth at 6 a. m. ; some of our boys visited the iioth and 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers to-day; day quiet and cold. Thursday, March 2, 1865. — Raining to-day; a fatigue party is out working on Fort Fisher; some of our boys took supper at the Warren saloon; quiet along the line. Friday, March 3, 1865. — Our boys are living pretty good now — plenty of money and plenty of sutlers; all quiet along the line. Saturday, March 4, 1865. — This is a dull, cloudy morning, with a heavy shower of rain at 9 o'clock, but afternoon clear and pleasant; usual details, fatigue and camp guard. Sunday, March 5, 1865. —The regiment was inspected by Brevet Colonel Hick- man; George Rumberger, John King and Frank Couts, of the 191st Pennsylvania Volunteers, old Huntingdon county boys, spent part of the day with us, and John W. Lias, of Company I, 205th Pennsylvania Volunteers, gave us a pop visit; some artillery firing on our left to-day, but quiet in front except some picket firing; day pleasant; Lieutenant John J. Hight was officer of the day; seven deserters came in to-night in our front. Monday, March 6, 1865. — The morning was frosty and cold; a detail for guard went to Fort Wadsworth at 8 a. M. ; nothing new in the regiment. Tuesday, March 7, 1865. — Guards were relieved at Fort Wadsworth at 8.30 a. M. ; boys are cleaning up their guns and equipments; day quiet and pleasant; Captain Bratton was officer of the day. Wednesday, March 8, 1865. — Raining this morning, but cleared off at 3 P. M. ; rain came into the tents without knocking or being invited; nothing new in camp; every person is housed up. Thursday, March 9, 1865. — Day very pleasant; inspection at 10 A. m. ; nothing new in camp; Lieutenant Samuel H. Irwin was officer of the day. Friday, March 10, 1865. — -Boys are cleaning up their guns and equipments; an order was read to-day giving an account of General Sheridan's complete success at Stanton and Chancellorsville; Captain Bratton is officer of the day; all quiet; night was very cold. Saturday, March 11, 1865. — Cold and frosty this morning, but pleasant during the day; all quiet along the line; a member of Company B was under arrest for shirk- ing fatigue duty, and was released at 9 P. M. ; Lieutenant Rodgers was officer of the day. Sunday, March 12, 1865. — Day beautiful; Captain Byers inspected the regiment at II A. M.; usual camp guard; all quiet along the line; Lieutenant Sam H. Irvin was officer of the day. Monday, March 13, 1865. — Squad, company and battalion drill; day clear and pleasant; all quiet along the line; Captain Byers was officer of the day. Tuesday, March 14, 1865. — A detail at 8 a. m. for fatigue to go to Fort Fisher; worked until 5 p. m., then returned to camp; we received orders at 8 p. m. to send all surplus baggage away and be ready to move; all quiet along the line; a white flag on Fort Fisher all day. Wednesday, March 15, 1865.— Day pleasant; our division was called out in line this morning, expecting the rebels to attack us, and the Second division was re- viewed; all quiet along the line; orders for brigade dress parade this evening, but it didn't come off— a rainstorm set in; Lieutenant C. Dale, of Company C, returned to camp to-day; he has been home on a fifteen days' leave of absence. Thursday, March 16, 1865. — Roll call, guard mount, brigade dress parade, fa- HISTORY 49TH PEJSfNSVLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 235 tigue party out and a guard sent to the fort to-night ; rained very hard during the night. Friday, March 17, 1865. — Roll call and guard mount, then regimental inspec- tion at I p. M. by Brevet Major Landell; eight deserters came in; pleasant during the day; E. Y. Bock, of Company C, was mustered out — expiration of term. Sunday, March 18, 1865. — Roll call; guard mount; day pleasant; brisk cannon- ading on the right this evening and lively picket firing to-night. Sunday, March 19, 1865. — Regimental inspection at 10 a. m. by Brevet Colonc-l Hickman; all quiet along the line; Lieutenant Rogers was officer of the day. Monday, March 20, 1865. — Day warm; battalions drill from 10 to 11 A. m. ; or- ders to prepare for review, and we packed up, slung knapsacks and marched out at I p. M., and we were reviewed by General Meade, Wright and Wheaton and Ad- miral Porter; the review passed off gayly, and we returned to camp at 3 o'clock; some artillery firing on our right at 5 p. m. ; a detail is on guard at the fort to-night; Captain Jim Wix was officer of the day. Tuesday, March 21, 1865. — Morning pleasant; general policeing of camp; a de- tail is out working on Fort Fisher, and was relieved by the Second division at i p. M. ; rain this afternoon and a heavy shower this evening; all quiet along the line; an orderly sergeant of Company B is under arrest for not having roll call this morning; Quartermaster Sergeant Musser, of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, paid us a visit to-day. Wednesday, March 22, 1865. — All of Company B were obliged to get up to roll call early this morning, and they swept out their houses and hung their blankets out to air; guard mount at 8.30 A. M., then company drill; all quiet along the line; Lieu- tenants Sam Irvin and John J. Hight, of Company B, started home on furloughs this morning; cold and windy all day. Thursday, March 23, 1865. — Company drill this morning; the wind blew a hur- ricane all day, raising great clouds of dust, covering everything in our tents, and the boys are busy cleaning the sand and dust out of their tents; all quiet along the line; we have a guard at the fort to-night; night cold. Friday, March 24, 1865. — Roll call at sunrise — too early for some of Company B, but they had to get out; day storm and cold, and quiet; Captain Byers was officer of the day; Company I — his company — presented him with a sword and sash to-day. Saturday, March 25, 1865. — The enemy made an assault on our works on the right, near the Appomattox, at about 2 o'clock this morning, at the works of the Ninth corps, and succeeded in capturing three of our forts and the intermediate line of works. About daylight our batteries opened fire on them, and the infantry charged, and retook the works and captured over 2000 prisoners. We were about to set down to eat breakfast when we were greeted with orders to fall in. We did so quickly, and stacked arms and went back for our knapsacks, then marched to where the fun was going on. We were too late to get into the muss, but were not anxious to mix in. We layed there two hours, then marched back to camp, unslung our knapsacks, then marched up to our Second division of our Sixth corps (firing on the left now), then marched back to our own pits and stacked arms at 3 p. m. We have not had breakfast yet, and took dinner for breakfast. Fighting is going on on the left and skirmishing in our front, and troops are marching to the left. Our regi- ment was sent to Fort Wadsworth at about 3.30 p. m. and remained there during the night. There was a heavy engagement on the right at 5 o'clock this evening, and our troops took the first line of the enemy's works. Some firing on the left all night. Sunday, March 26, 1865. — We remained in the fort until 9 a. m., when we were ordered into camp. We received orders to return to the fort at 10.30 a. m., and remained there until 1 1 A. M. and stacked arms, with orders to return to camp, but be ready to return at a moment's notice. Heavy skirmishing on the picket line during the day, but no general attack. The enemy is trying to drive our pickets and regain the ground they lost yesterday. Lieutenant C. Dale is detailed to take charge 236 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. of the guard in the fort. Fatigue party is out all night putting up abattis in front of the picket line. Cold and windy during the day and evening clear. Monday, March 27, 1865. — We had the pleasure of crawling out of our nests this cold morning at 4 o'clock to take up our position in Fort Wadsworth. The rebels attacked the pickets of our Second division, Sixth corps, and killed and wounded a few of our men and captured thirty or forty. The rebels soon found out that they had run against a snag and they retired, and about 7 o'clock we returned to camp and got breakfast, and got drill at 10 o'clock. A fatigue party is out to-day entrenching our picket line. Some firing on our right and left. Sheridan's cavalry arrived to-day. The artillery is moving to the left. War Dept., Adjutant General's Office, ) Washington, March 27, 1865. f General Orders No. 50. Ordered: First — That at the hour of noon, on the 14th day of April, 1865, Brevet Major General Anderson will raise and plant upon the ruins of Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbor, the same United States flag which floated over the battlements of that fort during the rebel assault, and which was lowered and saluted by him and the small force of his command when the works were evacuated on the 14th day of April, 1 86 1. Second — That the flag, when raised, be saluted by 100 guns from Fort Sumter, and by a national salute from every fort and rebel battery that fired upon Fort Sum- ter. Third — That suitable ceremonies be had upon the occasion, under the direction of Major General William T. Sherman, whose military operations compelled the rebels to evacuate Charleston, or, in his absence, under the charge of Major General Q. A. Gillmore, commanding the department. Among the ceremonies will be the delivery of a public address by the Reverend Henry Ward Beecher. Fourth — That the naval forces at Charleston, and their commander on that sta- tion, be invited to participate in the ceremonies of the occasion. By order of the President of the United States: EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. Tuesday, March 28, 1865. — We took our position in the fort at 4 o'clock this morning, remained there two hours, then went to quarters and got breakfast; Com- pany drill at 10 A. M. ; orders to send off surplus baggage, and we drew six days' rations; there are indications of a speedy move; portions ol the Twenty-third and Twenty fourth corps are moving to the left this afternoon; some firing on the left; morning cool and afternoon warm and sultry, with indications of rain. Wednesday, March 29, 1865. — Under arms in the fort at 4 o'clock this morn- ing; returned to camp after daybreak; the Black division of the Twenty-fifth corps passed to the left to day; we packed up this morning and were ready to march; troops moving to the left this evening; still in camp at 9 P. M. waiting orders to move; heavy artillery firing in front of the Ninth eorps; we have been expecting an attack; fun is over; we go to camp and go to bed. Thursday, March 30, 1865. — Part of the regiment out in the fort at 4 o'clock this morning; Company B is in camp; a heavy rain set in this morning and contin- ued all day; a detail is out putting abattis in front of the picket line; they returned to camp this evening; a battle is being fought on our left to-day; we received orders at 8 o'clock this evening to pack up and be ready to move; canteens to be filled and march with fixed bayonets; the march to be conducted with the utmost silence; the regiment now smells a mice — expects to charge the enemy's works; we form at 11 o' clock. Companies C, G and E, with small details from the other companies, to re- main in the fort; we waited on the parade ground until 12.30 o'clock, when we were ordered to quarters (very agreeably disappointed) to rest, and went to bed without HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 237 roofs on our houses; at 2.30 o'clock this morning marching orders were counter- manded; we have not heard from the left, where the Second and Fifth corps are en- gaged. Friday, March 31, 1865. — Rain, rain, rain, this morning; under arms in the fort at 4 o'clock this morning; went to quarters after daylight, got breakfast and put up our tents; orders at noon to pack up; just got packed up, when we got orders to put up our tents again; we got dinner and waited for further orders, and at 10 p. m. we are still waiting; booming of artillery and roar of masketry all day on our left — some- thing is going on; quiet in our front; it has cleared off at noon and is pleasant; some picket firing in our front to-night. Saturday, April i, 1865. — The long roll was beat in the Ninth corps at 2.30 o'clock this morning. We were called up and went into the entrenchments, and re- mained there until after daylight, then returned to camp and got breakfast. Some went for wood, and the boys are moving around camp as if there was nothing going on. There is no firing of any account to-day, but we know that our generals are up to some Yankee trick. At 9 o'clock we get orders to pack up, and the regiment is formed and marched to the left outside of the breastworks at Fort Fisher, with can- teens filled and tin cups inside of haversacks, noiselessly and with bayonets fixed. Companies D, E and F, with details from other companies, in all 150 men, were left to garrison the fort. The rebels fired on us as we marched out, wounding Lloyd Shugart and George Hamer, of Company B, and others in the regiment. Our bat- teries along the whole line opened at 11 o'clock. Our brigade formed at midnight ready to charge, and we rested as best we could. Pleasant during the day and even- ing cool. Sunday, April 2, 1865. — At 2 o'clock this morning we marched a little to the left and massed between our works and the picket line in front of Fort Fisher. Pickets commenced firing while we were massing and kept it up half an hour, and infantry and artillery firing in the Ninth corps has been kept up since midnight. Orders to charge at 4.30 o'clock, and we formed in three lines of battle, our regiment being in the second line. Forward we go, and the rebel pickets fall back after firing a few volleys. We carry their works, they being completely surprised, and we are also surprised to know that we have their works with so small a loss to us. We have many prisoners, several pieces of artillery and some wagons loaded with clothing. We burned their quarters and drove them steadily all day in the direction of Peters- burg. This afternoon our brigade is supporting a battery, and the rebels are shelling our column, but not doing much harm, as they cannot stay in one position long. At 4 p. M. we have driven the rebel army into Petersburg and everything is on the move and every person is feeling good. We halted and put up a rifle pit v^^ithin one mile of Petersburg and bivouacked for the night. John Snyder and James Donegan, of Company B, are wounded. The day is warm, but fighting is warmer. LETTER. First Division, Sixth Corps Hospital, \ Near Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. ) To Nicholas Decker, Huntingdon, Pa.: Father — This day has been one of excitement here. Last night about 10 o'clock the artillery opened all along the line and continued all night. This morning at daylight our corps — the Sixth — was massed in front of Fort Fisher, and the bugle sounded for a general advance all along the fine. Our division was in the advance of our corps, and the third brigade (that is ours) led the charge and captured the works in their front, and they did not stop until they had taken three lines efforts, and the last we heard from them they had driven the rebels three miles and taken plenty of guns and prisoners. The fighting is very heavy while I am writing. General Sheri- dan has whipped them on the left and taken 4000 prisoners. Our loss is very light for the fighting they have done and the forts they have charged. The loss in our di- 238 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. vision is about 300, and about 200 of them belong to our brigade. So far only seven of the Forty-ninth are wounded, three of them in our company — Lloyd Shugart, George Hamer and John Snyder. Fighting still raging at 2 p. M. The Sixth corps has covered itself with honor to-day. At 3 p. m. fighting still going on, and we ex- pect to be in Petersburg to-night. Our captain, John S. Bratton, is reported killed. We have gotten the rebel army cut in two and their largest force cut off from Peters- burg. We have the South Side railroad. I am detached at hospital. A. P. Decker. Our loss at Petersburg, April i and 2, is as follows: WOUNDED. James Donegan, Company B. John W. Snyder, Company B. Corporal George W. Hamer, Co. B. Corporal Lloyd Shugart, Company B. Matthew L. Kline, Company F. WOUNDED. John G. Eberts, Company G. James Swartz, Company I. Killed, 2; wounded, 5; total, 7. Monday, April 3, 1865. — Called up this morning at 4 o'clock. There are no rebels in our front and Petersburg is ours. Colonel Edwards, commanding the Third Brigade, First division. Sixth corps, took possession of Petersburg at about 4 o' clock this morning. Orders to march at 9 A. M. , and we marched west on the Lynchburg road in the rear of the Second corps, and bivouacked for the night at 4 P. M. about fifteen miles west of Petersburg, near Sutherland Station. We picked up many rebels along the road and stragglers fired many buildings on the march to- day. We found no enemy and we were allowed to rest all night. Our brigade was the first to take Petersburg, but some other troops got the credit. Tuesday, April 4, 1865. — Up this morning at 4 o'clock, pulled out before day- light and marched three miles, and layed over until i p. m. while the Second and Fifth corps trains are passing. The roads are bad and trains are getting along slow- ly. We halted at 6. 30 p. m. , after marching abont ten miles, and camped for the night, got supper and put up our tents. Some rain fell during the night. Wednesday, April 5, 1865. — Resumed our march at 5 o'clock this morning, and halted at noon and drew one and a half days' rations of hard tack, sugar and coffee from the Fifth corps commissary, and resumed our march at i p. M., and, after marching twenty-two miles, halted at 11 P. M. Cool and pleasant during the day, but rain to-night. Thursday, April 6, 1865. — Pack-up call sounded at daylight, and we marched without breakfast and had no time to get dinner. The corps is formed in three lines of battle, marching in parallel columns by the fiank through woods and fields on the right and left of the road, and came to the place from where we started this morning, after marching about eight miles. After halting a few minutes, not Idng enough to make coffee, we marched about ten miles further this afternoon and charged the enemy through a deep swamp at Sailor's Creek at 5 o'clock this evening. We have possession of the ground and have taken over 5000 prisoners, among them being General Ewell. The loss in our regiment is about sixty-seven men, and correspond- ingly large is the division loss. The common soldier's blood makes the general a great man. We are guarding the prisoners to-night. Our loss is as follows: COMPANY A. WOUNDED. Lieutenant John B. Rodgers, Aaron Smith, First Sergeant W. H. Mauger, James Sankey, Albert Cope, Henry Spiglemoyer, Emanuel Colpetzer, Daniel Symmerman, John Lepley, John Moyer. Corporal B. F. Johns, prisoner. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 239 COMPANY B. Sergt. Major J. Roy Hackenberg, killed. Sergeant Charles Fultz, wounded. Calvin Cain, James Ambrose, Lieutenant James P. Smith, COMPANY C. KILLED. John M. Duey, John Griffith. WOUNDED. James Carter. COMPANY D. John Fisher, wounded. Detrich Fultz, Captain Frank Wombacker, John Helirick, Sergeant W. H. Glass, Corporal George Stanford, Corporal Elias Pfeifer, Oliver Gilbert, Sergeant William B. Osman, W. A. Anderson, Corporal Samuel Kreiner, killed. COMPANY E. KILLED. John Kelly. VV'OUNDED. Sergeant John D. Gellespie, Corporal Lemuel Evans. COMPANY F. KILLED. David Wolf. WOUNDED. Corporal D. C. Chisholm, Elijah Kellerman, John Ludwig. COMPANY G. KILLED. Samuel Cease, Samuel Hoose, Samuel N. Wolf. WOUNDED. Corporal Elias Gustin, Paul Greininger, Jacob Musser. COMPANY H. Wm. Carter, wounded. COMPANY L Lieutenant G. E. Hackenberg, Samuel Bolig, James Fall, KILLED. Corporal John C. Arnold. WOUNDED. Levi Miller, John F. Hofnagle. Killed, 17; wounded; 32; prisoner, i; total, 50. 240 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Sailor's Creek, Va. Friday, April 7, 1865. — We started at 10 o'clock this morning to take the pris- oners captured yesterday down to BurkviUe Junction. We have at the head of the column General Ewell, General Curtis Lee, General Kirshaw, Brigadier General Case, Brigadier General Barton, Brigadier General Hunton, Commodore Tucker, Commodore Hunter, Master Porter and Captain Simmes, and a large number of field, line and naval officers. We have in all 5012 prisoners in the little squad. We arrived at the junction about 5 P. M., after marching about fifteen miles, and turned the prisoners over to General Curtin, commanding the First Brigade, Second divi- sion, Ninth corps. We went into camp this evening and drew two days' rations^ Some rain, and the roads are very muddy. Fighting is still in progress in our front, and heavy artillery firing has been going on all day. Corporal John Duey and Private John Griffith died in the hospital on the night of the 6th. 000 Burkville Junction, Va. Saturday, April 8, 1865. — At 8 o'clock this morning we packed up, and at 9 o'clock we started to rejoin our corps at the front. We marched about ten miles, halted for dinner one hour, then marched about eight miles more and halted for the night at Farmville, a gay little town on the Lynchburg railroad. Heavy cannonad- ing in front this evening. We met a large number of prisoners going to the rear this afternoon. Pleasant marching to-day, but rather warm about noon. Sunday, April 9, 1865. — We resumed our march at 7 o'clock this morning and marched until i P. M. We halted for dinner one hour, then marched to New Store, in Buckingham county, and camped for the night, out of rations. A party of Com- pany B started out and returned soon with ten head of cattle. We marched about twenty miles to day. It is rumored this evening that General Lee, with 38,000 of his troops, is surrounded and about to surrender. Rebel prisoners going to the rear confirm the report. A heavy rain fell during the night. All quiet in front this after- noon. We passed about 500 wagons to-day that had been abandoned by the rebels. Readers will notice that we are not with the fighting part of the army now. Taking the prisoners back has knocked us out. 000 New Store, Va. Monday, April 10, 1865. — Raining this morning. Stragglers and prisoners are going to the rear. We resumed our march at 6 o'clock this morning and rejoined our brigade near Appomattox Court House at 12 o'clock, noon. Everything is quiet in our front. Lee yesterday surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia uncondi- tionally, and this is a happy time for the Army of the Potomac. We put up our tents, drew three days' rations and fired the loads out of our guns. Now, reader, think for one moment who saved our country. Tuesday, April 11, 1865. — Reveille at 4 o'clock this morning. We marched at 6 o'clock, with orders to return to Berkville Junction. We halted one hour at New Store to get dinner, and resumed our marcih at 2 p. m., and went into camp at sunset this evening near Farmville. Some rain this morning, and cloudy and misty all day. We have had a hard march to-day of twenty-five miles. ABRAHAH LINCOLN. President of the United States. Assassinated April 14, 1865. ANDREW a. CURTIN. Pennsylvania's Beloved War Governor. Died Oct. 7. 1891. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 241 Farmville, Va. Wednesday, April 12, 1865. — Reveille at 4 o'clock this morning. We resumed our march at 6 a. m., passed through Farmville at 12 o'clock, noon, and halted from I to 2 o'clock to get dinner, and halted for the night at Rice's Station, on the Lynch- burg railroad, at 4 p. M., after marching about twenty-two miles. Roads are very bad; day warm and raining to-night. Thursday, April 13, 1865. — Reveille at 6 o'clock this morning and marched at 7 o' clock. At noon the sky is clear and the sun is shining and warm. We arrived at Berkville Station, on the South Side railroad, at 2 p. m., and camped in a pine woods near the station. The roads are very muddy, making marching hard, and the wagon trains can hardly get through. We marched about ten miles to-day and drew two days' rations. Our baggage and a large mail came up this evening. 000 Burkville Station, Va. Friday, April 14, 1865. — In camp to-day; put up quarters ; day is pleasant; more mail was distributed; some of our boys went down to the station this evening; raining to-night. Saturday, April 15, 1865. — Raining very hard this morning. Officers are mak- ing out final statements and inventory of effects for our killed. Some of the boys are cleaning the rust off their guns. Some recruits came for our corps to-day. Sunday, April 16, 1865. — We have the sad news this morning of the assassina- tion of President Lincoln and Secretary Seward and his son. The first dispatch states th U the president cannot live, but we still hope that he may recover. It has cast a gloom over the entire army. We have a dispatch this evening that the presi- dent died yesterday morning at 7.30 o'clock; that Seward is out of danger, but his son cannot live. Company inspection at 1 1 A. M. and preaching this evening. War Department, Adjutant General's Office, j Washington, April 16, 1865. j" General Orders No. 66: The following order of the Secretary of War announces to the armies of the United States the untimely and lamentable death of the illustrious Abraham Lincoln, late president of the United States: War Department, \ Washington City, Aj^ril 16, 1865. J The distressing duty has devolved upon the Secretary of War to announce to the armies of the United States, that at twenty- two minutes after 7 o'clock, on the morning of Saturday, the fifteenth day of April, 1865, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, died of a mortal wound inflicted upon him by an assassin. The armies of the United States will share with their fellow-citizens the feelings of grief and horror inspired by this most atrocious murder of their great and beloved President and Commander-in-Chief, and with profound sorrow will mourn his death as a national calamity. The headquarters of every department, post, station, fort and arsenal will be draped in mourning for thirty days, and appropriate funeral honors will be paid by every army, and in every department, and at every military post, and at the military academy at West Point, to the memory of the late illustrious chief magistrate of the nation and Commander-in-Chief of its armies. Lieutenant General Grant will give the necessary instructions for carrying this order into effect. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War. 242 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. On the day after the receipt of this order at the headquarters of each military division, department, army, post, station, fort and arsenal, and at the military acad- emy at West Point, the troops and cadets will be paraded at 10 o'clock A. M. and the order read to them, after which all labors and operations for the day will cease and be suspended, as far as practicable in a state of war. The national flag will be displayed at half-mast. At dawn of day thirteen guns will be fired, and afterwards, at intervals of thirty minutes, between the rising and setting sun, a single gun, and at the close of the day a national salute of thirty-six guns. The officers of the armies of the United States will wear the badge of mourning on the left arm and on their swords, and the colors of their commands and regiments will be put in mourning for the period of six months. By command of Lieutenant General Grant: W. A. Nichols, Assistant Adjjitant General. Monday, April 17, 1865. — In camp to-day; officers are busy making ordinance returns for the first quarter of 1865; we have orders to get ready for general inspec- tion to-morrow; M. S. D. Musser and Lieutenant J. Stewart, of the 148th Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, paid us a visit; there are 1 1,000 rebels at the station on parole wait- ing transportation home; our boys counted 168 pieces of captured artillery there, and still more coming in; all quiet in the army; six rebels were hung to-day and ten shot for breaking their parole and tearing up the railroad between here and Petersburg; boys are washing their clothes and cleaning up for inspection ; Captain Jim Wix was officer of the day ; general policeing of camp this evening. Tuesday, April 18, 1865. — In camp to-day; general inspection at 2 p. m. ; morn- ing warm, afternoon cloudy, with some rain, and evening pleasant; boys are spending their time in camp reading and writing. War Department, Adjutant General's Office, ) Washington, April 17, 1865. ) General Orders No. 69: By direction of the president of the United States, the War Department will be closed on Wednesday next, the day of the funeral of the late President of the United States. . Labor on that day will be suspended at all military posts and on all public works under the direction of the War Department. The flags at all military posts, stations, forts and buildings will be kept at half-staff during the day, and at 12 o'clock, mer- idian, twenty-one minute guns will be fired from all forts, and at all military posts, and at the military academy. By order of the Secretary of War: W. A. Nichols, Assistant Adjutant General. Wednesday, April 19, 1865. — Reville called us up at sunrise to attend roll call, this being the day of President Lincoln's burial. In accordance with general orders from army headquarters, all flags throughout the department are at half mast, and business is suspended throughout the army; day very pleasant. Thursday, April 20, 1865. — Company drill from 8 to 9 a. m.; regimental dress parade this evening; received news this evening of the surrender of Joe Johnston; the camp was illuminated, everybody in a good humor; most of the officers on a drunk; Capt. Rumberger was officer of the day; W. E. Lonsbach and W. L. Roach re- turned to the company to-day; Fifth corps is moving towards Petersburg. Sold, sold, sold in the surrender of Johnston. Friday, April 21, 1865. — Company drill this A. M.; Lieut. Sam Irvin is officer of the day; day pleasant; nothing new in camp. Saturday, April 22, 1865. — No drill to-day; a detail out building a bridge over a little creek near camp; day warm. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA YOLUNTEERS. 243 Sunday, April 23, 1865. — We were called up this morning at 3 o'clock to pre- pare to march; marched at 5 A. M. ; every person at sea to know where we are going; halted for dinner at i o'clock near Decatur; halted for the night near a little village called Gornetsville or Keysville, at sundown; we hear to-night that we are marching in the direction of Danville, to head off Joe Johnston and his rebel army; only our sixth corps is in this move; we marched to-day about 26 miles; roads in good con- dition; day windy and cool. 000 Staunton River, Halifax Court House, Va. Monday, April 24, 1865. — Up this morning at daybreak; left Keysville at sun- rise; marched through Halifax; stopped 45 minutes for dinner near Staunton Run, then marched to Staunton river and camped for the night in oak woods at sundown; marched about 22 miles. We met a great many deserters from Johnston's rebel army going to their homes; good roads to-day; another rumor says General Joe Johnston has surrendered; there is no bridge across the river. Tuesday, April 25, 1865. — Marched this morning early; crossed the river on pontoon bridge at St. Charles' ford; stopped one hour for dinner; crossed the Banis- ter river and halted for the night at 5 p. M. at Halifax Court House; roads in good condition; marched about 18 miles. 000 Danville, Va. Wednesday, April 26, 1865. — Resumed our march at 6:30 this morning; our first division is in front of the corps, our regiment in rear of our brigade and division; company C is detailed as provost guard, with orders to arrest all stragglers; we marched through Halifax, halted for dinner at Birch Creeks and halted for the night at Brookville or Brooklin; we have marched about 18 miles; day warm, roads dusty. (History gives General Joe Johnston's surrender to-day with 27,500 men.) Thursday, April 27, 1865. — Our brigade marched in rear of the wagon train to- day; we did not get started until 9 a. m., but the advance of the corps marched at daybreak; halted for dinner at Mexico, and marched through Danville about sunset and camped one mile south-east of town at dark; marched about 15 miles to-day; the Second division of our Sixth corps came to town at 10 A. m. and took possession of the "Register" printing office, and published a new paper called "The Sixth Corps." Friday, April 28, 1865. — Regimental baggage came up this morning, and we put up quarters; out of rations, (didn't have to cook breakfast); drew rations about II A. M., got dinner, boys cleaning up; officers are working on muster and pay-roll; many of the boys are taking in the prison pen near town, where the rebs starved our prisoners; we have a rumor to-day that Johnston has surrendered his rebel army; it is about time, as Sherman is driving them this way and we are here to stop them; the rumor is correct; we are now firing a salute of 100 guns in honor of the surrender of the rebel general, Joe Johnston and his rebel army; we are wondering if there is any more rebel armies to surrender. Saturday, April 29, 1865. — In camp; day pleasant; light shower of rain this evening; camp guard went on this evening; nothing new. Sunday, April 30, 1865. — Muster and inspection this A. m. ; regiment was mus- tered by a captain of the 37th Massachusetts volunteers; our regiment has official notice of the surrender of Johnston and his rebel army; many of the boys are taking in everything that is to be seen around the town; day pleasant. 244 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Monday, May i, 1865. — Officers are making out their monthly returns; we drew 4 days' rations; many of the boys are in town to-day taking in the sights. Tuesday, May 2, 1865.— Orders at sunrise to move, and we packed up and waited until 10 A. M. Our regiment, the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers and the Second Rhode Island marched down to the station, got on a miserable train of cars and waited for one hour for the train to move. We got off, stacked arms, got din- ner and waited until 5 p. m. , when we were told that we would remain where we are until morning. We slept in the cars to-night. We got a large mail this evening. Pleasant during the day and night cool. Wednesday, May 3, 1865. — Up early, got breakfast, went aboard the train again at 8 A. M. and were soon in motion. We ran to Roanoke Station, a distance of sixty- one miles, and awaited orders, in the meantime getting dinner. We then ran to Price's Station, a distance of twenty-one miles, and got there at 8 p. m. and waited until no' clock for trains to pass. We again got in motion and ran to within two miles of Berkville Junction, where the train ran off the track. We got straightened up and arrived at the depot about 2 o' clock this morning. The third car from the rear ran off the track, the coupling broke and left three cars behind, one badly shat- tered. Several men were slightly hurt. We threw the car over the embankment. 000 Burkville Junction, Va. Thursday, May 3, 1865. — We rested until 6 A. M., got breakfast and marched out the Southside railroad at 7 A. M. ; we marched 9 miles to Nottoway Court House, rested one-half hour, then marched 3 miles further, halted i J^ hour for dinner, then marched 4 miles more and at 4 p. M. we halted for the night; put up tents 3 miles south of Wells ville station; warm during the day; raining to-night. Friday, May 5, 1865. — Raining this morning; we started on the march at 6 o'clock this morning, marched to Wellsville station, halted, put up tents, got dinner; rain is over; warm this p. M. Saturday, May 6, 1865. — Up early; boys putting shade over their tents and fixing up to stay awhile; 20th army corps (Slocum's) passed here to-day going to- wards Petersburg; 2nd division, 20th army corps, camped here last night; some of the boys of the 28th and 147 Pennsylvania volunteers called to see us; day warm. 000 Wellsville Station, Va. Sunday, May 7, 1865. — Roll call; regimental inspection at 9 a. m. by Brevit- Colonel Hickman; Sargt. T. H. McFarland and A. P. Decker, of company B, re- ceived a 20 days' furlough and started home on the 5 p. m. train; day pleasant, evening cool. Monday, May 8, 1865. — In camp; we still have the usual camp duties to per- form; many of the boys are strolling out through the country; day pleasant, rained hard to-night. Tuesday, May 9, 1865. — In camp; nothing new. Dress parade at 6 p. m. Cloudy and cool all day with the appearance of rain; Captain Byers was officer of the day. Wednesday, May 10, 1865. — Regiment called out for battalion drill at 7 a. m.; drilled fifteen or twenty minutes, when rain commenced falling, and we went to quar- ters ; dress parade at 6 p. M. ; some cavalry passed here to-day going toward Lynch- burg. Thursday, May 11, 1865. — Battalion drill from 7 to 8 o'clock this morning; HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 245 dress parade this evening; Captain Byers was officer of the day; a thunder shower this evening ; fained during the night. Friday, May 12, 1865. — Clearing off this morning; day was cool; dress parade this evening; Captain Downing was officer of the day. Saturday, May 13, 1865. — In camp yet; clothing issued to-day; boys are wash- ing clothes and cleaning their guns and equipments; Captain Jack Russell was officer of the day; day was pleasant; dress parade this evening. Sunday, May 14, 1865. — Regimental inspection at 8 a. m., preaching in camp at 9. 30 A. M. , dress parade at 6 p. m. , and prayer meeting in Company D street at 7 p. M. Day pleasant. Monday, May 15, 1865. — Battalion drill from 7 to 8 a. m. and dress parade at 5 p. M. We drew four days' rations. Donegan, McCall, Shields and Wills, of Company B, went out two miles to a mill dam to take a bath. Captain Downing was officer of the day. Captain Bratton, of Company B, received a twenty-day furlough and started home this morning. Corporal L. Crownover, of Company B, returned to the regiment from the hospital. Tuesday, May 16, 1865.— Battalion drill from 6.30 to 7.30 a. m. We received orders at 11 o'clock to march and rejoin our brigade, and marched at 2 p. m. Our regiment, the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers and the Second Rhode Island marched up to Wilson Station, a distance of about four miles, and joined the brigade. We arrived there at 4 p. m. , put up our tents, got supper and drew clothing. Captain Byers was officer of the day. Day very warm. Wednesday, May 17, 1865. — In camp; drew two days' rations; chaplain had prayer meeting this evening. We received orders to be ready to march at 4:30 o'clock to-morrow morning; day warm. 000 Wilson Station, Va. Thursday, May 18, 1865. — Reville sounded at 3 o'clock this morning; we got breakfast, packed up and marched at 4:30 o'clock; halted at South erland station at noon, got dinner and rested until 4 P. M., then marched until dark, and camped on the battlefield of April 2nd, near Petersburg; we marched about 28 miles to-day; our 2nd and 3rd divisions, 6th corps, went by rail to Richmond to-day; some rain this evening, but it has been very warm to-day. Friday, May 19, 1865. — Marched this morning at 4:30 o'clock, passed through Petersburg; halted at noon for dinner and rested until 4 p. m; started again and marched 5 miles, halted for the night at 6 p. m. south of Manchester; very warm this a. m., some rain this p. m; marched 11 miles to-day. Near Richmond, Va. Saturday, May 20, 1865. — Marched at 5 o'clock this morning, moved along slowly until 10 A. M., halted about 2 miles from Manchester and 3j4 miles from Rich- mond; our march was 9 miles; we put up tents; some rain during the day. Sunday, May 21, 1865.^ — ^In camp; many of our boys got passes and went into Richmond, visited Castle Thunder, Libby Prison, the late Rebel Capitol, Jeff Davis' mansion, the Statue of George Washington; some returned to camp by noon, others went to church in the city; John Daughenbaugh, C. Spanogle, John Singer and Jas. Wilson, of the i88th Pennsylvania volunteers, paid us a visit; raining hard nearly all night; we had inspection this a. m. 246 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Richmond, Va. Monday, May 22, 1865.- — This is a very wet morning, our field and staff being flooded out; the water is very high in the small streams; many of our boys are out hunting friends in the different regiments of our army; raining to-night. Tuesday, May 23, 1865. — Cool and pleasant; our boys are out to-day taking in the rebel fortifications; we have orders to-night to move in the morning; company in- spection. Wednesday, May 24, 1865. — Marched at 5.30 this morning and passed in re- view through Richmond; reviewed by General Halleck, after which we resumed our march and halted one hour for dinner at the Chickahominy river; we halted at Han- over Court House at 8 p. m., after marching 25 miles; every person is lively — plenty of fun on the road; noon warm, evening cool. From the New York Daily Tribune of May ji, i86j. FROM RICHMOND. The Fighting Sixth Reviewed in Richmond — History of the Corps — Richmond Items. (From Our Special Correspondent.) Richmond, Va., May 24, 1865. To-day the Sixth Corps, the very pride of the armies, passed through Rich- mond on its way to Alexandria. At 5 this morning the corps broke camp beyond Manchester, crossed the pontoon to Seventeenth street, where it formed in column by company, close order, marching up Seventeenth street to Broad street, up Broad past the reviewing officer, General Halleck, who with his staff took position upon the portico of the court house. Wheeling into Ninth street, thence Cary street, up Cary to Brook avenue, filing up Brook avenue route step, arms at will, these dusty, trusty and war-worn veterans tramped along via Hanover Court House, Oxford, the Rapa- hannock, through New Baltimore, Centreville and Fairfax Court House, reporting at Washington, the rear guard, for further orders. The Twentieth corps was in line along these streets, the right resting in front of the reviewing officer, the left reach- ing to Brook avenue, a distance of at least three miles. The streets presented somewhat of a more animated appearance than when the commands of Generals Grant and Sherman marched through. The curb was lined with spectators, mostly late rebel soldiers, many ladies and hosts of children. I per- ceived no demonstrations of joy or welcome among the citizens. They had been called out by curiosity to see the legion of men who, carrying the cross as a badge of distinction, had been the very terror of their forces. Shattered flags, well-known commands and favorite general officers were by the receiving troops and bv fur- loughed and detached soldiers on the walk, cheered along the way by loud huzza and waving hats. The Sixth corps numbers about ig.ooo muskets, the standard being 34,000. The severe fights of the past year have thinned the ranks very much. That it has been one of the best organizations of the army is cheerfully conceded by all our sol- diers, and General Sheridan wrote of them to General Grant as "that noble legion of men who never yet failed their cause or leader in the hour of trial or danger. ' ' Gen- eral Meade spoke of the Sixth corps in his congratulatory order to the army on the overthrow of the rebelHon in these words: "I do not wish to make any invidious comparison between it and other commands of this army; they carried out with vigor and courage the parts assigned them, but candor compels me to state that, in my opinion, the decisive movement of this campaign, which resulted in the capture of the army of Lee and the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond, was the gallant and successful charge of the Sixth corps on the morning of April 2. The day is an uncommonly warm one and the men, notwithstanding they are HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 247 loaded down with knapsacks and five days' rations each, present a creditable appear- ance. Their uniformity of cadence, splendid touch and solid front excite the admir- ation of General Halleck and staff, creditable alike to the Commandant General Wright and to the memory of the beloved John Sedgwick, its old commander. At 7.55 the bugle sounded forward, and the head of the column saluted. At exactly 10.45 the last company swept past. The time occupied in passing a given point was two hours and fifty minutes. The following is the order of review: Major General Wright and Staff. Third Division, Major General Rickets. Second Brigade, 26 files front, General Keifer. First Brigade, 22 rifles front. General Seymour. First Division, Major General Wheaton. First Brigade, 14 rifles front. General Penrose. Second Brigade, 20 rifles front. General Hamblin. Third Brigade, 16 rifles front. Colonel Allen (our brigade.) Second Division, Major General Getty. First Brigade; 20 rifles front. General Warner. Second Brigade, 18 rifles front, Brevet Brigadier General L. A. Grant. Third Brigade, 24 rifles front. Colonel Hyde. A brief review of this corps, now that it is about to pass away, may not prove uninteresting. After the first battle of Bull Run, July 18, 1861, McDowell having been superseded by General McClellan, the organization of the Army of the Poto- mac began placing the then raw material into divisions and brigades. General Baldy Smith's division of Keyes' corps was the nucleus around which the Sixth corps formed its organization. In June, 1862, during the seven days' fight. General Slocum's division was or- dered to join that of Baldy Smith's and the two, under the command of General Franklin, took a prominent part in covering the retreat of the army. In the first Maryland campaign. Couch's division was attached to Franklin's command, this forming the left wing of the Army of the Potomac. At Crampton's Pass, September 17, 1862, it attacked the enemy (Cobb's Legion), routing them from their strongly entrenched position, and completely annihilating this boast of Georgia the same day at Antietam. After a hard march of 12 miles they relieved Sumner's corps, which had been hard pressed all day and was falling back, charged the rebels, drove them from their advantages, securing the safety of the army. When General Burn- side relieved McClelland this corps was continued on the left grand division of the army. In the first Fredericksburg fight, December 13, 1863, they were the only troups that penetrated the enemy's lines. In the reorgination of the army under General Hooker, General Franklin was relieved and Major-General John Sedgwick placed in command of this corps, which, by the new order of things, was now to be known as the Sixth, designated with the cross. The divisions now rate: First division (formerly Slocum's), General W. T. H. Brooks; Second division (formerly Baldy Smith's), General A. P. Howe; Third division (formerly Couch's), General Newton. On the 3rd of May, while Hooker was fighting the enemy at Chancellorsville, Sedgwick crossed the Sixth corps at Fredericksburg, stormed and carried the heights, but the disaster to Hooker enabled Lee to throw his entire army against this valiant corps and compelled it to retreat, contesting inch by inch the ground, recrossing the river in good order, not losing a single gun, caisson, wagon or ambulance. During the second Maryland campaign his corps was held as a reserve. Thursday, July 2, 1863, Sedgwick's corps was marched 34 miles in loj^ hours, halted, formed into detachments into the battle (Gettysburg) all being engaged by 4 o'clock, and contributed most emphatically to the success of that day. In the campaign of last summer, this corps was ever in the thickest of the fight. 248 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. losing their brave and noble commander at Spottsylvania May 9th. On the follow- ing day Wright assumed command and led a portion of the corps into action. They carried the enemy's works, captured 1000 prisoners and arms and cannon in large quantities. The summer previous General Brooks commanded the First division. Having been appointed to the command of the department of the Susquehanna, General Wright had been appointed commandant. On his taking command of the corps, General Russell was made division commander. General Russell was mortally wounded at Winchester September 19, 1864, and his place filled by General Frank Wheaton. General Howe commanded the Second division, was reheved in the winter of 1863-4 by General Gettys. The Third division, commanded by General Newton, is now commanded by General Ricketts. After the battles of May, June and July on that line which gave General Grant his hold on treason, the Sixth corps was transferred to Washington, administered to Early a warm reception, drove him back home again, down the valley, leaving him to the watchful mercies of Sheridan's intrepid troopers. In December, returning again to the line from which they sallied on the 25th of March, into a rain of grape and canis- ter capturing an intrenched picket line, with every man and gun in it, and success- fully holding their position, much to the inconvenience of Lee's artillerists, who, be- fore, had practiced morning, noon and night on our fatigue parties at Fort Fisher. On the night of April ist, the entire corps was massed by Brigade in front of the fortifications opposite Fort Fisher, and at 4 A. M. the bugle sounded the charge, when the Sixth made double quick, mounted the enemy's works, drove them from their guns, raked the entire line to Hatchet's Run, reformed and drove before them the rebel hordes. Other correspondents have faithfully described the scenes that opened up the avenue to Richmond and Lee. The battle of Sailor's Creek was a severe struggle, but it added another laurel to the whole of Early's army. These secured, the Sixth was ordered to head off Johnston, then flying before Sherman's forces. In four days and four hours they marched from Burksville to Danville, a distance of 112 miles. Here they learned of Johnston's surrender; the column was halted, tents pitched and a much needed rest taken. At Danville they have been variously employed, starting for Richmond Tuesday. To-day they have passed through on their way home; or, perhaps, to other scenes. Whatever may be their destination they may be proud of the Sixth corps, and the country, individually proud of it. [Signed] A. M. D. 000 Chesterfield Station, Va. Thursday, May 25, 1865. — We resumed our march at 5.30 this morning, pass- ing the Paumunkey river, and halted at Chesterfield Station at i p. M. ; some of the boys are in very bad humor to-day on account of the hard marching; some marched along in silence, others swore more than a little; we marched about 17 miles; rain- ing all night; baggage and supply train came up this evening. Friday, May 26, 1865. — Still raining this morning; we drew two days' rations and marched at 9 A. M. over very bad roads, halting at 3 p. M. to put up tents; our trains are all back; we marched ten miles; rained nearly all day. 000 Fredericksburg, Va. Saturday, May 27, 1865. — In camp; rained greater part of the day and quite cold; we are waiting for the trains to come up. COLONEL AnOR W. WAKEFIELD. Who Brought the Kegltnent Home. Died Deo. 17, 1891. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 249 Sunday, May 28, 1865. — In camp; trains still in the rear; some rain; we have orders to march to-morrow morning. Monday, May 29, 1865. — Called up at 3.30 o'clock this morning and marched at 5 o^clock. We halted on our old battle ground at Fredericksburg at 2. 30 p. m. , and some of our boys washed in the Rapahannock river and others went to see the rebel fortifications around the town. We marched about twenty miles to-day. Cool and pleasant — a good day to march. 000 Stafford to Fairfax Court House, Va. Tuesday, May 30, 1865. — Resumed our march at 5 o'clock this morning through Fredericksburg, in the direction of Stafford Court House. At i p. m. we camped at Elk Run, or Aqua Creek, after marching about nineteen miles. Boys are scouting the country hunting cherries. Day warm. Wednesday, May 31, 1865. — Resumed the march at 5 o'clock this morning and halted at fifteen minutes of i o'clock within six miles of Wolf's Run shoal, after marching fourteen miles. Thursday, June i, 1865. — ^Marched at 5 o'clock this morning via Woh's Run shoals, and halted at Fairfax Station one hour dinner. We hadn't any grub, and, therefore, didn't have the trouble of cooking. After resting an hour, we marched to Fairfax Court House, and halted at 3 o'clock for the night, put up tents and drew rations. Some of the boys were out scouring for cherries, but found instead a good patch of strawberries. Day warm; mall came in; we marched about eighteen miles to-day. 000 Fairfax to Hall's Hill, Va. Friday, June 2, 1865. — Resumed our march at 5 this morning, passed through Fairfax Court House, Bailey's Cross Roads, then to the Louden and Hamshire rail- road and went into camp at Hall's Hill about 11 A. M., after marching about fifteen miles; got dinner and then put up tents; baggage train came up this evening; day very warm; we are commencing to think our marching is about over; we are now camped in Virginia, opposite Washington City. The following order was read in camp to-day: War Dept., Adjutant General's Office, ) Washington, D. C, June 2, 1865. j General Orders No. 108. Soldiers of the Armies of the United States: — By your patriotic devo- tion to your country in the hour of danger and alarm — your magnificent fighting, bravery and endurance — you have maintained the supremacy of the union and the constitution, overthrown all armed opposition to the enforcement of the laws, and of the proclamation forever abolishing slavery — the cause and pretext of the rebellion — and opened the way to the rightful authorities to restore order and inaugurate peace on a permanent and enduring basis on every foot of American soil. Your marches, sieges and battles, in distance, duration, resolution and brilliancy of result, dim the lustre of the world's past mihtary achievements, and will be the patriot's precedent, in defense of Hberty and right, in all time to come. In obedience to your country's call, you left your homes and families and volun- teered in its defense. Victory has crowned your valor and secured the purpose of your patriotic hearts; and with the gratitude of your countrymen, and the highest honors a great and free nation can accord, you will soon be permitted to return to 250 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. your homes and families, conscious of having discharged the highest duty of Ameri- can citizens. To achieve these glorious triumphs, and secure to yourselves, your fellow coun- trymen and posterity the blessings of free institutions, tens of thousands of your gal- lant comrades have fallen, and sealed the priceless legacy with their lives. The graves of these a grateful nation bedews with tears, honors their memories, and will ever cher- ish and support their stricken families. U. S. Grant, Lieutenant General. Saturday, June 3, 1865. — In camp; officers are busy writing up the company books, and the men are fixing up their quarters, cleaning up guns and equipments; Joe Curwin, of Company B, paid us a visit from the hospital in Washington, D. C. ; day warm. Sunday, June 4, 1865. — Company inspection at 9 a. m. and dress parade at 6 p. M. ; Lieutenant Hugh T. Johnson was officer of the day. Monday, June 5, 1865. — In camp; battalion drill from 7 to 8.30 this evening; everything is quiet along the line to-day and every person is glad. Tuesday, June 6, 1865. — We were called up early to roll call this morning to prepare to escort the 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers of our brigade to the Aqueduct bridge, on the Potomac river. They are on their way to Philadelphia to be mustered out of service. The brigade joined in the parade, accompanied by our brigade band, and we got to the bridge at 10 o'clock. The 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers gave three cheers for the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers and for General Edwards, our brigade commander. We returned to camp at noon. Orders this evening to prepare for regimental inspection to-morrow and review of our Sixth corps on the 8th. Day cloudy and pleasant, with rain this evening. Wednesday, June 7, 1865. — A drizzling rain is falling this morning; inspection postponed on account of the unfavorable weather. We had brigade review this evening in place of inspection, by General Edwards. We have orders this evening to have reville at 2:30 o'clock to-morrow morning to start for review at 4 o'clock at Capitol Hill via Long Bridge, canteens and haversacks to be worn; Lieut. Stephen Transue was officer of the day. Thursday, June 8, 1865. — We start for review at 4 o'clock this morning; divis- ion and brigade take position in column according to number, commencing with ist. We crossed the Potomac river at Long Bridge; the head of the column arrived at Capitol Hill, Washington city, at 8 A M., and moved at 9 A. M. Head of the col- umn passed the reviewing stand at 10 A. M. ; President, General Mead with several other generals were on the stand. We moved through Pennsylvania avenue via Georgetown, crossed the Aqueduct bridge to camp. We now take our time going to camp; some of the men were entirely exhausted and compelled to fall out of ranks; Corporal Ammerman, of company C, was sunstroke; an officer of company B is un- der arrest for calling our Colonel a coward in the presence of some of our Generals. We saw Billy White, of company B, in the city; he is shot through and through; rain this evening. Friday, June 9, 1865. — In camp; day was very warm; boys are putting shades over their tents; a fatigue party out this evening; Lieut. W. H. Glass was officer of the day. Yesterday's review was the Sixth army corps only. Capt. C. Dale was very unwell last night; he is commissioned Captain new company H. Saturday, June 10, 1865. — Roll call; boys are not in any hurry getting out now; Capt. C. Dale is busy invoicing ordinance stores, and camp and garrison equipage to Capt. Smith; but Capt. Dale will remain in company C lor the present; boys are putting arbors over the streets; some rain this evening. Sunday, June 11, 1865. — Regimental inspection at 8 A. M. ; preaching at 2 p. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 251 M. ; dress parade at 6 p. M. Sargeant T. H. McFarland, "of company B, returned to the regiment to-day. Lieut. Stahl was officer of the day; day quite warm. Monday, June 12, 1865. — Roll call this morning; nothing going on in camp; boys are reading and sleeping; dress parade this evening; Lieutenant Johnston was officer of the day. Tuesday, June 13, 1865. — In camp; Captain O. S. Rumberger received his re- signation papers this afternoon and will start home to-morrow; day warm and rain this evening. Wednesday, June 14, 1865. — Roll call this morning; boys are still building shade over their quarters; dress parade this evening; mail came in; Lieutenant John Hight was officer of the day. Thursday, June 15, 1865. — A party of roughs tore out our sutler to-night; rain this evening; we had dress parade this evening. Friday, June 16, 1865. — Capt. Dale is detailed to act as adjutant during the absence of our adjutant on leave of absence. We moved camp about 500 yards this p. M., put up tents; Lieut. Pinkerton was officer of the day; rain this evening. Saturday, June 17, 18^5. — General inspection at 8:30 A. M. ; inspected by Jas. P. Stuart, captain and assistant inspector 3rd brigade; boys are busy to-day digging a well and putting up an arbor over our company streets ; Berry, Funk and Keefer, of 102nd Pennsylvania volunteers, visited us this evening. The following general order received to-day : War Dept., Adjutant General's Ofeice. ") Washington, June 17, 1865. J General Order, No. 116. Enlisted men of the Veteran Reserve Corps who, if they had remained in the volunteer regiments from which they were transferred to the Veteran Reserves, would, under existing orders, now be entitled to muster out of service, will be so dis- charged, provided that no man shall be mustered out who desires to serve his full term. By order of the Secretary of War. E. D. TOVVNSEND, Assistant Adjutant General. Sunday, June 18, 1865. — Regimental inspection at 8 A. M., in presence of bri- gade commander, Brigadier General O. A. Edwards; dress parade this evening; day very warm. Monday, June 19, 1865. — In camp; day warm. Decker, Hunt and Holliday, of company B, started for home this morning; expiration of term; rain this evening. Tuesday, June 20, 1865. — We were called up at 4 o'clock this morning; our brothers, the 5th Wisconsin regiment, started home; the brigade was paraded at 5 A. M. Good bye, old 5th, you have done your duty nobly, and much honor is due you, one and all. A very heavy thunder shower this p m. — more thunder and lightning than was really necessary to make it interesting. Lieut. Johnston was offi- cer of the day; the veterans of the 5th Wisconsin are still here. Wednesday, June 21, 1865. — In camp; day cool and pleasant; nothing new; no firing on the picket line, as we have been used to hearing; Lieut. John J. Hight was officer of the day. Thursday, June 22, 1865,^ — The regiment was formed at 4.30 this morning to es- cort the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts regiment to the road, on their way home; Captain C. Dale and Lieutenant Sam H. Irvin visited old Camp Griffin of '61 to-day; dress parade this evening; Lieutenant Steve Transue was officer of the day; day was very warm. Friday, June 23, 1865. — Roll call and guard mount at 8.30 this morning and dress parade this evening; day very warm; Lieutenant Stahl was officer of the day. Saturday, June 24, 1865. — Roll call as usual, then guard mount; dress parade 252 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. this evening; Sergeant T. H. McFarland was sent to corps hospital sick to-day; Lieutenant Sam Irvin was officer of the day; warm to-day. Sunday, June 25, 1865. — Regimental inspection at 8 A. M. by Major Amor Wakefield, and dress parade this evening; day cool and pleasant, with a little rain this afternoon. Monday, June 26, 1865. — The veterans of the Fifth Wisconsin regiment started home to-day; we are sorry to see them go, after sharing the many hardships of nearly four years of war with them, and we will always have a warm place in our hearts for them; a rain storm this evening blew down most of our arbor in camp. Tuesday, June 27, 1865. — Some of our boys are out to-day taking in our old camping ground (Lewinsville) of '61, and Camp Griffin; they took hold and helped the contrabands cut grain at Camp Griffin, returning to camp at 3 P. M. ; dress pa- rade this evening; Lieutenant John J. Hight was officer of the day. Wednesday, June 28, 1865. — Roll call; a fatigue party is hauling poles and brush to make shade in camp; dress parade this evening; day warm. Th6 following farewell order of Commanding General Meade was read in camp to-day: Headquarters Army of the Potomac, ) June 28, 1865. I Soldiers: — This day, two years, I assumed command of you, under the orders of the Presi- dent of the United States. To-day, by virtue of the same authority, this Army ceasing to exist, I have to announce my transfer to other duties, and my separation from you. It is unnecessary to enumerate here all that has occurred in these two eventful years, from the grand and decisive battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the war, to the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House. Suffice it to say that history will do you justice, a grateful country will honor the liv- ing, cherish and support the disabled, and sincerely mourn the dend. In parting from you, your Commanding General will ever bear in memory your noble devotion to your country, your patience and cheerfulness under all the priva- tions and sacrifices you have been called on to endure. Soldiers! having accomplished the work set before us, having vindicated the honor and integrity of our Government and flag, let us return thanks to Almighty God for his blessing in granting us victory and peace, and let us earnestly pray for strength and light to discharge our duties as citizens, as we have endeavored to dis- charge them as soldiers 1 Geo. G. Meade, Major General U. S. A. Thursday, June 29, 1865. — Roll call; day very warm; the Eighth Vermont reg- iment started home this morning; dress parade this evening. Friday, June 30, 1865.— The regiment was inspected and mustered at 10 A. m. by Major Amor Wakefield; company drill at 5 p. m. ; heavy rain this evening; the 102nd Pennsylvania Volunteers left for Pittsburg to be mustered out, and the 93rd started home; day warm. . Saturday, July i, 1865. — Battalion drill from 7 to 8 this morning, and company drill from 6 to 7 this evening; Billy White, of Company B, came to see us; he was discharged at the hospital in Washington on account of wound. Sunday, July 2, 1865. — Company inspection at 8 A. M. ; preaching at 2:30 P. m. ; dress parade at 7 p. m. ; Capt. John S. Bratton was officer of the day. Monday, July 3, 1865.— Batallion drill from 8 to 9 A. M. ; company drill at 6 p. M. ; dress parade at sundown. Billy White of company B, started home this morn- ing. Tuesday, July 4, 1865. — A national salute fired to-day in honor of national tttSf ORY 49tH PEl^NSVLVANiA VOLUl^TteEfeS. 253 birthday. Prof. Sweet, sergeant major of the 2nd Rhode Island, walked a rope 500 feet long and 70 feet high; boys are pitching quoits to put in the time; day warm. Wednesday, July 5, 1865. — Company drill from 4 till 5 p. m. ; dress parade at sundown; very warm; Capt. Stuart was officer of the day. Thursday, July 6, 1865. — Camp guard mount at 9 A. M. ; Capt. Downing was officer of the day. Friday, July 7, I865. — Guard mount at 9 A. m. ; dress parade this evening. The long looked for orders to make out the muster out rolls reached camp this even- ing; we were all glad to hear such news. Capt. Bratton was officer of the day; boys are putting in the time pitching quoits. Saturday, July 8, 1865. —Boys are out bathing and picking huckleberries; dress parade this evening; day very warm; Capt. Byers was officer of the day. Sunday, July 9, 1865. — Company inspection this A. M. ; boys are generally in camp; day warm. Monday, July 10, 1863. — Day cool and pleasant; boys are spending the day in idleness; Captain Jack Russell was officer of the day. Tuesday, July 11, 1865. — Roll call and guard mount; Captain Stuart was officer of the day; rain this evening. Wednesday, July 12, 1865. — Roll call and guard mount; boys are sleeping and reading; some rain; Lieutenant John J. Hight was officer of the day. Thursday, July 13, 1865. — Roll call and guard mount; day cool and pleasant; the Eighty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers were mustered out to-day. Friday, July 14, 1865. — The Eighty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers started for home this morning; many of the boys are out taking in the country; day cool and pleasant. Saturday, July 15, 1865. — Cool this morning; the Second Rhode Island regi- ment started for home this morning; our Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteer regi- ment was mustered out of the service at 4 o'clock this afternoon (our muster-out rolls are dated 21st); dress parade at sundown; orders for reveille to beat at 4 a. m. to-morrow to march for home at 6 a. m. Sunday, July 16, 1865. — We left camp at 6 o'clock this morning, marched into Washington City and took a train at 1 1 a. m. , arriving in Baltimore at 5 p. m. ; we remained here until 10 p. m., and then took a train for Harrisburg, Pa. ; we were on the train all night; some rain. 000 Harrisburg, Pa. Monday, July 17, 1865. — We arrived at Bridgeport at 5 o'clock this morning and marched across the Susquehanna river at Harrisburg. We proceeded down North street and out to Camp Curtin, and we are now where we started from on September 21, 1861. While the realization of the fact that our marches and trials are nearly ended causes much pleasure, yet our happiness is tempered with sadness. Many of the brave boys who accompanied us to the front now are laying on the southern batdefields, a willing sacrifice on their country's altar, yet their death was a noble one, and it is safe to predict that their heroic deeds will survive in the hearts of patriots as long as ' 'Old Glory' ' shall continue to wave over this free and undivided country. Tuesday, July 18, 1865. — We are supposed to be in Camp Curtin, but are run- ning around. 254 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Wednesday, July 19, 1865. — Some of the boys are in camp and others are in the city. Thursday, July 20, 1665. — Signing of the pay rolls was the pleasant duty im- posed on us to-day. Friday, July 21, 1865. — We were paid this morning and started home this after- noon. The Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers passed into history, but with a re- cord that the survivors can point to with pride. When the strife and discord shall give way to harmony, and when men shall analyze the works of the many parts of the Army of the Potomac, instead of considering it as one grand whole, then, and not till then, will the world know the extent of the efforts of the Forty-ninth Pennsylva- nia Volunteers to uphold the emblem of freedom. 266 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Comparative Statements of Loss of Taken from the Original Diary of Adjutant A. T. Hilands — Killed, Wounded and Missing from May 4 to June 7, 1864: COMPANIES. Company A — Officers Enlisted men . Company B — Officers Enlisted men . Company C — Officers Enlisted men . Company D — Officers Enlisted men . Company E — Officers Enlisted men . Company F — Officers Enlisted men. Company G — Officers Enlisted men . Company H — Officers Enlisted men. Company I — Officers Enlisted men. Field and Stafe . Totals r w ID II I 9 II 74 o a D W d 2 29 I 25 I 2 40 2 24 I 22 3 26 23 29 246 J3 II 12 58 H o H > 2 41 I 33 2 17 2 56 2 37 2 44 3 45 I 41 I 44 378 The above is what every person thought was correct. The report certainly went into the war department. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 257 the 49th Pennsylvania Volunteers. The Following is the Correct Loss, Compiled by R. S. Westbrook, FROM May 4 to June 7, 1864: COMPANIES. Company A — Officers Enlisted men . Company B — Officers Enlisted men . Company C — Officers Enlisted men . Company D — Officers Enlisted men . Company E — Officers Enlisted men . Company F — Officers Enlisted men. Company G — Officers Enlisted men. Company H — Officers Enlisted men. Company I — Officers Enlisted men . Field and Staff. Totals ■7^ r f a w z a w 10 13 12 13 15 12 I 16 103 3 34 I 32 3 19 2 47 2 27 2 32 2 31 3 33 33 306 19 H o H > r 3 45 I 40 4 22 2 62 2 41 3 50 2 47 3 47 I 51 428 The foregoing was compiled in April, 1898, and is, practically, a reliable report of our loss between the dates aforementioned. 258 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Remark of General Hancock. I find in looking over letters a sentence or two made by General Hancock after he had left our brigade and took command of the Second corps. While in conversa- tion with General Warren, of the Fifth corps, he said: "Why, General, I believe that my old brigade would follow me into h —1, and then want to make a charge. 000 Events of the Rebellion. Lee surrendered April 9, 1865, with 26,000 missing. President Lincoln was shot in Ford's Theatre, Washington, by J. Wilkes Booth, April 14, 1865, and died at 8.20 the next morning. Mosby surrended at Berryville, Va., April 17, 1865, with 700 missing. General J. E. Johnson surrendered with 27,500 men on April 26, 1865. Taylor surrendered May 4, 1865, with 10,000 missing. President Johnson issued a peace proclamation, declaring the war at an end, on May 9, 1865. Sam Jones surrendered at Tallahassee, Fla., May 10, 1865, with 8000 missing. Jeff. Davis was captured at IrvinviUe, Ga., by the First Wisconsin and Fourth Michigan cavalry, May 10, 1865. Jeff Thompson surrendered at Chalk Bluff, Ark., May 11, 1865, with 7,445 missing. Kirby Smith surrendered May 26, 1865, with 20,000 missing. 000 Price List of Clothing July i, 1864. Forage cap, 65c. Bootees, pegged, $1.86, W. Coats, $8.75. Boots, sewed, $3.85. Trousers, infantry, $3.10. " pegged, $3.25. cavalry, $4.15. Great Coat, infantry, $8.50. Flannel Sack Coat, $2.65. " " cavalry, $10.55. " " " lined, $3.25. Blankets, woolen, $3.60. Short " $1.57, " rubber, $2.55. Knit " " $1.47. " painted, $1.70. Flannel Drawers, $1.00. Knapsack and Straps, $2.15. Knit " $1.30. Haversacks, painted, 67c. Stockings, per pair, 35c. Canteen, complete, 45c. Bootees, sewed, $3.20. Shelter Tent, complete, $4.00. Great Coat Straps, 11 c. 000 Died Since Rolls Were Printed. The following have died since the rolls were printed : Aaron B. Boyd, old Company B; died near Coatesville, Pa., Feb. 22, 1898. William H. Glass, old H and A and new F; died at Allenville, Mifflin county. Pa., March 7, 1898. John H. Saxton, new Company H, died at Lewistown, Pa., March 12, 1898. David S. Campbell, old Companies G and C, died at Shanadoah, Iowa, March 15, 1898. HISTORY 49TH PKNNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 259 Strength of the Regiment, flay 3, 1864. Record and Pension Office, War Department, [ Washington City, Dec. i8, 1897. [ Ho)i. M. S. Quay, United States Senate. My Dear Sir: — In returning herewith the letter, received by j'our reference this morning, of R. S. Westbrook of Altoona, Pa. , wlio desires yon to obtain for him a copy of the morning report of the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania VoKinteers of May 3, 1864, to enable him to determine the effective strength of the regiment on that date, I have the honor to advise you that the report in question shows the fol- lowing: present may 3, 1864 ... .officers, enlisted men. For duty 32 668 For extra and daily duty, 47 Sick 26 In arrest or confinem'nt 3 Total 32 744 It is possible that your correspondent is of the opinion that the regimental morning report shows the names of those present and absent, but if this is the case he is in error. The report is merely a numerical statement of the strength of the reg- iment, and contains nothing bearing upon the effective strength of the command further than the figures set forth above. Very respectfully, F. F. AiNSWORTH, Colonel U. S. A.; Chief of Record aiid Pension Office. 000 Clipping from Richmond Paper. The following is a market report clipped from a Richmond paper in 1863: Richmond, Va. , Aug. 5, 1863. Wheat scarce, quoted at $6.50 to $7.00 per bushel. Corn $10 per bushel. Oats $9.00 per bushel. Oat straw $10 per 100 pounds. Hay and fodder $10 per ico pounds. Credu bacon $1.60 to $1.70 per pound. Hams $1.70 to $1.75 per pound. Salt 45c. to 50c. per pound. Tallow candles $2.75 to $3.00 per pound. Adamantine $4.00 to $4.75 per pound. Sperm $6.00 to $7.00 per pound. Molasses $11 to $12 per gallon. Brown sugar $1.80 to $2.00 per pound. Coffee $4.00 to $5.00 per pound. Green tea $1 1 to $12 per pound. Black tea $9.00 to $10 per pound. Beef $1.00 to $1.50 per pound. Lamb $1.00 to $1.25 per pound. Sturgeon 75c. to $1.00 per pound. Spring chicken $1.50 to $2.00 per pound. Lard $1.50 to $1.75 per pound. Butter $2.50 to $3.00 per pound. Eggs $1.50 to $1.75 per dozen. Irish potatoes $15 to $t8 per bushel. Onions $15 to $18 per bushel. Cymb- lings 75c. to $[.oo per dozen. Liquors — French brandy $60 to $75 per gallon. Allsop ale, quarts, $90 per dozen. Rye whiskey $30 per gallon. Rum $50 per gallon. Gin $45 per gallon. Champagne $250 per dozen. Oak wood $25 to $28 per corc^. Pin? |22 to $25 per cord. Gold advancing. 260 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. New Company K. New Company K commissioned April 14 Captain John F. Reynolds, Second Lieutenant Thomas S. Gellespie, Second Sergeant Thomas Powers, Fourth Sergeant John H. Jones, First Corporal James H. Robb, Third Corporal W. H. Carey, Fifth Corporal Andrew Reeder, Seventh Corporal John M. Singley, George Davis, Arthurs, James; Alder, Adam; Burns, Andrew; Bolton, Benjamin; Black, James; Ball, George D. ; Carrol, James; Carborg, James; Cox, John; Davis, William; Donaldson, Robert; Elliott, John; Eberg, Henry; Ghristner, Julius; Garoy, James; Hewing, Amos; Hagan, Hugh; Howe, Robert; Jones, W. L. ; Kapphahn, H. F. ; Linnard, William; Lamont, John; Marsula, Andrew; Morehead, R. W. ; McLaughlin, John; Nelson, Samuel J. ; Philips, George W. ; Proudfoot, Hugh; Philips, David; Philips, John; Paulin, Frank; Prall, George S. ; Quinn, Daniel; Richie, James; Reeves, John; Richards, Caleb; Reynolds, C. L ; Rathke, George D. ; Richard, Hiram; was recruited in Allegheny county, Pa. The ofificers were 1865. The names of the members of the company follow: First Lieutenant James H. Bascom, First Sergeant H. E. C. Bowers, Third Sergeant James Harewood, Fifth Sergeant Thomas B. Robison, Second Corporal John R. Piper. Fourth Corporal John Bryson, -Sixth Corporal James McGarvey, Eighth Corporal Andrew J. Crawford. John RoUey. Alexander, Henry; Acor, Edward; Bailey, Charles; Boughton, F. H. ; Bloom, Henry; Conner, James; Corr, Patrick; Calvin, John C. ; Chiverton, Joseph; Davis Edwin E. ; Davis, Daniel; Epplemen, Theodore; Gailey, James W. ; Gill, Joseph; Hart, Harry M.; Harshman, George; Harrison, Robert L. ; Jones, Evan; Kneps, John; Kinny, John; Langhaman, Thomas; Lewis, William; Mathews, David; MeMain, W. W. ; McCleary, Moses; Smith, William; Shilling, Augnst; Sollers, Levi B. ; Swartz, Nicholas; Siddell, Enoch; Thomas, Thomas; Thompson, John; Watkins, W. D. ; Watson, Ed. D.; Weidenmauger, F. ; Walker, Henry F. ; Wylie, John; Wharton, Arthur; Young, John. None of these men enlisted prior to March 9, 1865, and nearly all enlistments are dated on rolls after March 20, 1865, and joined our regiment between April 9th HlSTORV 49Ttt PENNSVLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 261 and 25th, 1865, at Burkville Junction. The fighting was then all done and therefore they are not counted in any way. The names are merely given for future reference so they will not get the credit that old company K deserves, which was recruited in Mifflin county, Pa., by Captain Mathias Niece. 000 Unassigned Men^ Carroll, Timothy, enlisted March 21, 1864. Crain, Michael, enlisted March 22, 1864. Crasson, Patrick, enlisted March 8, 1865. Gable, Jacob, enlisted March 24, 1864, died at Beverly, N. J., Sept. 7, 1864. Grimes, Samuel H., enlisted February 19, 1864. Keifner, J., enlisted February 9, 1864. Hill, Uriah H., enlisted February 23, 1864. Kelly, Martin, enlisted March 22, 1864. Waldo; William, enlisted November 3, 1864. The above names are taken from Bates' history. They are not assigned to any company, therefore are not counted in any way, and the author is unable to explain anything about them. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 263 Names and Addresses of Survivors. NAME. Albright, Israel, Albright, John, Alter, William, Anspack, William, Arbogast, H. C, Ambruster, G. D., Armstrong, Isaac, Aurand, James, Avery, Thomas, Adams, John W., Allen, Henry H., Ammerman, W. H. COMPANY. Old G and C, Old G and C, Old G and C, OldC. NewG, Old G and C, Old H and A, New I, NewH, New G, NewG, Old A and D, ADDRESS. Man's Ax Factory, Centre Co., Pa. Penn Hall, Centre Co., Pa. Spring Mills, Pa. Altoona, Pa. Farmer's Mills, Centre Co., Pa. Lemont, Centre Co., Pa. Beaver Springs, Snyder Co., Pa. Burnwood, Susquehanna Co., Pa. Wrightsville, Pa. West Burlington, Pa. Milesburg, Centre Co., Pa. Bennett, William, Barger, Ed. Barton, J. L., Bartley, Jesse B., Bailey, John, Bartley, Samuel B., Barto, Jacob, Baughman, W. J., Barnicle, Wm., Beck, Orlando C, Berkheimer, John E., Benfer, George W., Beaver, William, Berry, John, Berry, Christ C, Bickle, Samuel, Bigaman, Orlando, Black, Wm. H., Boyer, Abe A., Bobb, Isaac, Bobb, A. A., Biles, Malon M., Botteiger, Joseph, Bock, E. Y., Bryner, James M., Bryner, George H., Bratton, Wm. H., Bratton, John S., Brown, Jerry C, Bridgen, ^\'m. A., Bumgardner, Anion, Buchanan, Wm., Bird, A. W., Bickel, Amos, Butterbaugh, George, Bolig, Frank, Bolig, Samuel, Boyd, John A., Brocius, Benjamin, Bennett, Luther, Bebarger, Joseph, Burns, Isaac, OldC. NewF. Old I and new H, Old I and A, OldC. Old I and A, Old C and B, New I, Old D and C, Old Hand A, Old G and C. Old H and A, Old H and A. New G, New G, Old H and A, Old H and A, New G, Old I, Consolidated D, New I. New G, Old K and B, Old G and C, Old I and A, Old I and A, Band, Old K and B, Old G and C, Old A, Old D and C, OldD, New H. New I. Old H and A. New I, New I, OldB, New I, New E, Old C and B. NewE, Plepsant View, Juniata Co., Pa. Shenandoah, la. East Waterford, Juniata Co., Pa. Guyer, Centre Co., Pa. Landisburg, Perry Co., Pa. Lisbon, Linn Co., la. Miles City, Mont. McClure, Snyder Co., Pa. Yeagertown, MifHin Co., Pa. Cadallic, Wexford Co., Mich. Cadallic, Wexford Co., Mich. Beavertown, Snyder Co., Pa. Floradale, Adams Co., Pa. Altoona, Pa. Siglersville, Miffiin Co., Pa. Titusville, Pa. Atkinson's Mills, Mifflin Co., Pa. Harford, Tuldic Co., Cal. Pleasant View, Juniata Co., Pa. Pleasant View, Juniata Co., Pa. Sterling, N. D. Latrobe, Pa. Shenandoah, la. Beech Creek, Clinton Co., Pa. Calvm, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Cassville, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Centreville, Snyder Co., Pa. Penn's Creek, Snyder Co., Pa. Coatesville, Pa. Port Trevorton, Snyder Co., Pa. Luther Mills, Bradford Co., Pa. Altoona, Pa. ^64 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. NAME. Blair, John, Baker, Samuel, Bright, Samuel, Bare, David W., Bingaman, George W., Bolin, Lewis VV., COMPANY. NewE, Old K and B, NewE. Consolidated A, Old H and A, Old C and B, ADDRESS. Philadelphia, Pa. 3606 N. Seventh street, Philadelphia, Pa. Spring Run, Franklin Co., Pa. Tahoe P. O., Idaho Co., Ida. Nicktown, Cambria Co., Pa. Campbell, James D., Campbell, James A., Coughling, Wm. P., Coughlin, Charles, Chisholm, D. C, Chilcote, Abram, Clarkson, B. P., Close, H. J., dinger, J. Harvey, Clossin, David, Clossin, Samuel, Coder, fames, Corkle, Jackson, Couts, Christian, Colpetzer, Wm., Colpetzer, Emanuel, Courtney, Wm. P., Cook, Enos, Cumniings, James, Culberson, John, Cupp, Samuel, Carter, James, Cartwright, Wm., Curwin, ]. M., Couch, Robert A., Old D, Reading Terminal, Philadelphia. Old I and A, Sterling, N. D. Old K and B, Altoona, Pa. Band, 517 Erie street, Toledo, O. New F, New Columbia, Union Co., Pa. Old K and B, Lewistown, Pa. Old D and C, 29 Woodbury avenue, Baltimore, Md. Old H and A, Siglersville, Mifflin Co., Pa. Old E, Lewistown, Pa. New E, Bennington, Blair Co., Pa. New E, Gallitzin, Cambria Co., Pa. New G, Academia, Pa. Old E and D, McVeytown, Pa. Old D and C, Huntingdon, Pa. Consolidated D, Bellefonte, Pa. Old H and A, Huntingdon, Pa. New I. New G, Williamsport, Pa. Old F, Roxborough, Philadelphia. Old H and A, Siglersville, Mifflin Co., Pa. Old C and B, Birmingham, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Consolidated C, Port Royal, Juniata Co., Pa. New E, Frankstown, Blair Co., Pa. Old C and B, 1606 Sixth street, Harrisburg, Pa. Old D and C. Davison, Robert R., Davison, A. S., Davis, H. Sterrett, David, John Miles, Dewit, Calvin, Decker, Henry, Decker, J. Henderson, Delany, David A., Derr, Calvin L., Dixon, George W., Dixon, Samuel S., Diven, George, Diven, Samuel, Downing, Joseph B., Downing, Benjamin H., Downing, James, Daugherty, Henry, Draucher, Alexander, Devore, George, Donegan, James, Darling, John S., Davis, W., Daller, Daniel, Dunlap, John, Duke, Henry, Eckelberger, James B., Eckleman, Frank H., Elfry, Thomas, Old C and new F, Old A, Old C and B, Old D and C, OldL Old D and B, Consolidated B, Old I and A, New I, Old D and C, Old D and C, Old I and A, NewH, Old B and new F, Old B and new E, OldF, Old C and B, Old A, Old K and B, Consolidated B, New G. Old B and D. Old B and D, Old C and B, New I, Old E and C, New I, Old F and new F, Kirkwood, III. Albine, Kan. Atlantic, Cass Ca., la. Newton, Harvey Co., Kan. Fortress Monroe, Va. (Q. S. Army.) Williamsport, Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. Walnut, Juniata Co., Pa. Paxtonville, Snyder Co., Pa. Mt. Oliver P. O., Allegheny Co., Pa. Suncook, N. H. East Waterford, Juniata Co., Pa. Waterloo, Juniata Co., Pa. 1404 Bourvier street, Philadelphia. Wichitaw, Kan. Emberville, Chester Co., Pa. McAlevy's Fort, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Curwensville, Clearfield Co., Pa. Steelton, Dauphin Co., Pa. Soldiers' Home, Dayton, O. Coatesville, Pa. Soldiers' Home, Dayton, O. Bason street, Williamsport, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. 48 N. Tenth street, Harrisburg, Pa. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. NAME. Enslow, Samuel F., Erwin, Wm. H., Earnest, David S., Estep, Henry C, Ettinger, Paul, Evans, Maciah, Ewing, Samuel, Emrick, Levi, Eckley, Joseph, Erb, Jacob, Eckenroth, Chas., Everhart, Joel, Eckelberger, George W., Eberhart, Sol., Entrican, Henry, COMPANY. Old I, Old K and B, Old I and A, Old D and B, New I, OldC, Old K and B, OldB, Old A and D, Old H and A, Old G, New F, New E, Consolidated D, Old F add C. ADDRESS. Yeagerstown, Pa. McVeytown, Pa. Newport, Pa. Six Mile Run, Bedford Co., Pa. Troxelville, Snyder Co., Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. Newton Hamilton, Pa. 118 Dock street, Harrisburg, Pa. Fleming, Centre Co., Pa. McClure, Snyder Co., Pa. Bellefonte, Pa. Williamsburg, Blair Co., Pa. Bard, Bedford Co., Pa. Flowerfield, St. Joe Co., Mich. Fall, Isaac, Fall, James, Feester, John, Furguson, John H., Furguson, William R., Fibbs, William, Fickus, Henry, Fisher, Henry, Fitzgerald, Joseph, Flickinger, Benj. R., Frain, Samuel T., Frazier, W. P., Freeman, W. F., Fry, Oaniel R., Fitzgerald, Wm., Fry, William, Fultz, Charles, Foltz, David, Foltz, Wm. H., Fetterolf, Henry, Freed, Wm., Frain, C. D., Flasher, John, New I, New I, New;.I, Old H and A, Old H and A, Old K and B, New F, New F, OldC, NewF, Old A and D, New F, New G, OldD, OldC, Old I, Old C and B, Old C and B, Old H and A, NewH, OldG, Old E and D, OldC, Hartville, Stark Co., Ohio. Magadore, Summit Co., Ohio. Bellfonte, Pa. Reedsville, Mifflin Co., Pa. Reedsville, Mifflin Co., Pa. Titusville, Pa. 45 Fifth Ave., Altoona, Pa. Marysville, Pa. Third and Harris streets, Harrisburg, Pa. Gettysburg, Pa. Warriorsmark, Pa. Neffs Mills, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Mexico, Juniata Co., Pa. Mill Creek, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Bellville, Mifflin Co., Pa. Mount Union, Pa. Three Rivers, Mich. McVeytown, Pa. Culver, Ottawa Co., Kans. Ovid, Clinton Co., Mich. Galbraith, Jos. M., Gearhart, Emanuel, Getz, Isaac, Givens, James S., Gingrich, Isaac M., Giant, Jacob M., Gray, John H., Goodman, Daniel, Goodman, Nathan, Greene, I. Miles, Greene, B. M., Grere, Adam, Greiner, Thomas, Grimes, Geo. W., Gumby, Jonathan, Gross, Christ, Gross, Edward, Gross, John H., Gerughty, Patrick, Glunt, Joseph, Grombaum, Geo., Gellespie, John, New I, Old H and A, New F, New E, Old I and A, Old K and B, OldF, New I, New I, Old A, Old D and C, Old H and A, New I, New I, New I, Old H and A, Old I and A, Old A, Old H and A, NewF, OldK, Old B and D, Reedsville, Mifflin Co., Pa. Yeagertown, Mifflin Co., Pa. Beaver Springs, Snyder Co., Pa. Tipton, Blair Co., Pa. Mexico, Juniata Co., Pa. 352 N. Fourth street, Lebanon, Pa. Unionville, Chester Co., Pa. Milesburg, Pa. No. 8 S. HoUiday street, Baltimore, Md. Milroy, Mifflin Co., Pa. 922 N. Main street, Goshen, Ind. Fleming, Pa. Port Triviton, Snyder Co., Pa. Collinier, Ind. Newport, Pa. Athens, Ala. Nenah, Wis. Altoona, Pa. 1600 Sixth street, Harrisburg, Pa. Dayton Home, Ohio. 266 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. NAME. Holliday, John, Hackenberg, D. Hackenberg, John K., Hackenberg, M., Hall, Stephen M., Hallen, W. C, Hunner,' Daniel, Harkless, George, Harnden, John B., Harper, J. L., Harris, James E., Hassinger, James, Houser, Alex., Howser, James N., Hazzard, Geo. W., Heckroth, Lewis P., Heffner, Samuel D., Hellrick, Phean, Heller, E. A., Henderson, J. D. W., Ilight, John J., Hoffman, Theof. D.; Hill, Jacob L., .Howell, John D., Hege, Henry, Hoofnagle, Mart, Hoffman, Daniel B., Hunt, Solomon, Huston, Benj., Hogenlogler, J. F., Hughey, James, Hinkle, Geo. VV., Hildebrand, Thos. B., Hutchinson, Thos., Hodgson, F. M., Hutton, Geo. W., Hancock, John, Haines, Wm., Hippie, Robert, COMPANY. Old K and B, New I, New I, New I, New F, New F, New I, Old A and D, OldD, Old G and C, Old K and B, Old H and A, New I, New I, OldD, Old B and D, Old D and B, New I, Old C, Old I and A, Old D and B, OldD, Old K and B, New F Old I, New E, New I, Old E and D, Old C and B, OldC, New G, Old A, Old B and D, Old C New G, Old E and D, Old F and C, Old A and D, Old E, Old A and D, . Old A and D, ADDRESS. Liverpool, Perry Co., Pa. Troxelville, Snyder Co., Pa. Penns Creek, Snyder Co., Pa. Middleburg, Snyder Co., Pa. Coatsville, Pa. Philipsburg, Pa. Altoona, Pa. Dormantown, MifHin Co., Pa. McVeytown, Pa. looi State street, Santa Barbara, Cal. Port Triviton, Snyder Co., Pa. Port Triviton, Snyder Co., Pa. Altoona, Pa. 144 E Duval St., Germantown, Phila. Pa. Bradford, Pa. Adamsburg, Snyder Co., Pa. Altoona, Pa. Malvern, Chester Co., Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. 165 Sixth street. South Cedar, Iowa. Newton, Hamilton Co., Pa. Pleasant View, Juniata Co., Pa. Upton P. O., Franklin Co., Pa. Glen Iron, Union Co., Pa. McCullochs Mills, Mifflin Co., Pa. Reedsville, Mifflin Co., Pa. Enosville, Huntingdon Co., Pa. New Waverly, Cass Co., Ind. Martha Furnace, Pa. Westchester, Pa. Albia, Iowa. Philipsburg, Pa. 113 Balto street, Cumberland, Md. Allegheny, Cataraugus Co., N. Y. 2401 Penn'a avenue, Washington, D. C. Altoona, Pa. Irvin, Wm. M., Irvin, Samuel H., Old C New ¥ and G, P. & R. R. Office, Williamsport, Pa. Old C and B, McAUevys Fort, Huntington Co., Pa. Jarrett, Jos. A. L., Johns, Samuel A., Johns, B. F., Johns, David H., Jackson, John A., jackson, R. S., Jodan, David H., Jodan, Peter, New F, Osceola Mills, Clearfield Co., Pa. New H, Concord, Pa. Old I and A, 547 South street, Chambersburg, Pa. Old I New E, New Germantown, Perry Co., Pa. Consolidated D, West Chester, Pa. Old F and C, Pleasant Home, Wayne Co., Ohio, Old A and D, Flemington, Pa. Old A and D, Flemington, Pa. Kirby, W. N., Kaughman, J. D., Keene, Joseph L., Kellerman, Elijah, Kendricks, Martin H., Keys, Charles, Kid, James, Kistler, John, Kitchen, Uriah, Kline, John M., New G, Alexandria, Huntingdon Co., Pa. New H, Covington, Pa. Old F, 717 Sansoni street, Philadelphia. New F, Milesburg, Centre Co., Pa. Old I, McCoysville, Pa. Old A and D, McCulloch's Mills, Mifflin Co., Pa. Old I and A, McCoysville, Pa. Old I and A, Blain, Perry Co., Pa, Consolidated D, Beech Creek, Clinton Co., Pa. Consolidated A, Washington, D. C. HISTORY 49'rH fENNSYLVANiA VOLUNTEtRS. 267 NAME. Knox, Dr. S. B. P., Kough, John, Kreider, E. W. H.; Krise, George A., Kuhn, George, Kaup, W. H., Kennelly, James, Knode, John, Keiin, John R., Kope, W. W., Knight, George' M., Kifer, Michael, Kunes, John E., COMPANY. Staff, Old K and B, New G, Old H and A. New F. Old G and C, OldG, NewF, Old K, Old I and A, Old F and C, New E, Old A and D, ADDRESS. Santa Barbara, Cal. McVeytown, Pa. Altoona, Pa. Taylorsville. 111. Spring Mills, Pa. Warriorsmark, Pa. Ridgway, Pa. Gallery Junction, Butler Co., Pa. Christiana, Lancaster Co., Pa. Somerset, Pa. Blanchard, Pa. Langton, James, Lamb, Henry H. , Lawver, Charles R., Leib, Lewis, Lepley, John, Lewis, Martin, Louden, David S., Lucas, Andrew, Lytle, Griffith, Lounsberry, John J., Lucas, James S., Longnecker, Samuel, Litchey, William, Lego, Samuel, Langham, James, Lyberger, David, Lowry, Joseph, Lousley, John, Old E and D, 2544 Eighteenth street, Denver, Col. Old H and A, Beaver Springs, Snyder Co., Pa. Old G and C, Rising City, Butler Co., Neb. New F, Milton, Pa. Old H and A, Wagoner, Mifflin Co., Pa. New E, Altoona, Pa. Old I and A, Box 141, Shenandoah, Iowa. Old A, Bellefonte, Pa. Old G and C, Downs, Osborn Co., Kas. New F, Brookdale, Pa. Old A and D, Pottersdale, Pa. Old C and B, Hilsdale, Indiana Co., Pa. Old G and C. Old H and B, Cumberland St. bel. Ridge,Harrisb'g,Pa. New E, Duncansville, Blair Co., Pa. New E, Speelman, Bedford Co., Pa. Old G and C,' Bellefonte, Pa. Old F and C. Miller, James D., Miller, W. C, Machmer, John S., Machmer, David, Marshal, Hugh, Mathews, Stephen R., McDonald, David L., McDonald, Frank Y., McDonald, W. H., McAUevy, William, McClenehan, S. W., McClel'lan, G. Atkinson, McCloskey, C. D., McCloskey, James T., McCool, Jacob, McCord, James C, McCormick, S. Howard, McCurdy, James M., McEwen, J. S., Mcllhatten, William, McKee, J. Linn, McGinley, J. G., McLanehan, Robert G., McMurtrie, S. M., Megahen, David, Megahen, George W., Middlesworth, James, Mirely, John S., Miller, John, New E, New E, Old K and new G, Old K and B, Old F and C, Old K and B, Old I, OldD, Old C and B, Old C and B, Old H. Old C and new F, Old A and D, Old H and A. Old G and C. Old K and B, Old I and A, Old D and B, Band. OldG, Old I, Old A and D. Old E and D, Old D and new G, Old D and new H, Old D and B, New I, OldD, Old G and C, Beaver Creek, Bond Co., 111. 68 Muskendro street, Massillon, O. 3 1 19 Wallace street, Harrisburg. 1818 Sixth street, Harrisburg. Embreville, Chester Co., Pa. Hollidaysburg, Pa. Shermanstown, Cumberland Co., Pa. Baltimore and Charles .Sts., Baltimore. Dry Valley Furnace, Union Co., Pa. Masseysburg, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Altoona, Pa. Beech Creek, Clinton Co., Pa. Bloomington, 111. Huntingdon, Pa. Altoona, Pa. Bellefonte, Pa. Plainview, Pierce Co., Neb. Tyrone, Pa. Bellefonte, Pa. Petersburg, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Petersburg, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Troxelville, Snyder Co., Pa. Rich Hill, Bates Co., Mo. Concord, Pa. 268 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. NAME. COMPANY. Miller, John B., NewF, Miller, Levi, New H. Milliken, James, Old I, Minnick, Frank, New I, Minnick, Michael, New L Minnichan, Henry B., Old I and A, Moore, Harvey, Old F and C, Moore, James F., Old F and C, Moore, John C, Old D and B, Moore, Jesse, Old F and C, Moreland, W. A., Old I and A, Morgan, John B., Old K and B, Morningstar, John H., Old D and B, Moyer, John, Old I and A, Myers, JohnS., Old A and D, Miller, Joseph S., Old F and C, McCafTerty, George W., New E, Murphy, Clement L., Old A, McGinley, Joseph W., Old A and D. Miller, Samuel B., NewH, McFarland, W. H., Old A and D, McCall, Geo. W. B., Old D and B, Miller, Valentine, Old A, McClelland, James P., Old K and new E, Musser, W. H. H., Old G and C, Miller, George W. (Foxey), Old A, McCauley, George, NewF, McAllister, H. F., Old I, McColm, William, NewE, McAfee, Davis, Old A and D, Mellis, George C, New E, McDonald, Thomas, OldE, Nangle, Joseph R., Old I and A, Norton, James D., Band. Nesbit, James A., NewF, Noy, Isaac, NewE, Oves, Thomas, Old H and A, Osborne, Samuel D., Old F and C, Osborne, Obia, Old F and C, Pinkerton, Lewis K., Old B and new E, Patton, J. H., Old I and A, Parker, James M. , Consolidated D, Packingham, S. H., Old B and G. Patterson, John N., Old C and B, Patterson, Dr. John P., Old I and A, Peters, Emanuel, Old H and A, Philips, Samuel H., Old H and A, Plank, Simon A., Old I and A, Plummer, W. R., NewH, Preston, W. B., OldF, Preston, Joseph, OldF, Pontius, Samuel, New I, Pedrick, Lyman, Old F and C, Postlewaite, John, Band. Postlewaite, , Peicht, Isiah, Old H and A, Pew, Winfield S., NewF, Parson, David, NewH, Pfeiffer.JohnC, New E, ADDRESS. Tipton, Blair Co., Pa. McCuUoch's Mills, Pa. Carlisle, Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. West Chester, Pa. E.xton, Chester Co., Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. Embreville, Chester Co., Pa. Blain, Perry Co., Pa. 1043 Cumberland street, Lebanon, Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. Harrisburg, Pa. Julian, Centre Co., Pa. Mortonville, Pa. 632 McElwain street, Chester, Pa. Enterprise, Kan. Altoona, Pa. 501 St. Clair street, Cleveland, O. St. Mary's, la. 607 Sykes block, Minneapolis, Minn. Painted Woods, N. D. Altoona, Pa. Lake City, la. Perrysburg, O. Cohn, Union Co., Pa. Lebo, Coffee Co , Kan. Hustontown, Fulton Co., Pa. Newport, Pa. 19 Second street, Albany, N. Y. Altoona, Pa. Tyrone, Pa. Shermansdale, Perry Co., Pa. Port Royal, Pa. West Chester, Pa. Modeina, Chester Co., Pa. Sheeder, Chester Co., Pa. Spruce Hill, Juniata Co., Pa. Howard, Centre Co., Pa. Conemaugh, Cambria Co., Pa. 1534 Arch street, Philadelphia. Lowell, Snyder Co., Pa. Bannersville, Pa. Spruce Hill, Juniata Co., Pa. Kipple Postofiice, Blair Co., Pa. Unionville, Chester Co., Pa. Unionville, Chester Co., Pa. Elkhart, Ind. Fairmount Springs, Pa. Milroy, Mifflin Co., Pa. Blain, W. Va. Shade Gap, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Gladden, Somerset Co., Pa. HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 269 NAME. Quigley, James A., Ramsey, Robert, Raugh, George, Reader, Theodore B., Reynolds, Daniel M., Rhine, Joseph M., Rhine, Samuel C, Rhodes, Peter, Rhone, William, Rhine, Peter S., Richter, Henry, Ritner, J. Newton, Roach, Wilson L., Robison, Henry C, Rodgers, Anthony, Rodgers, Francis P., Roseborough, John R., Ross, John C, Ross, Samuel N., Rumberger, Oliver S., Russell, John W., Rutherford, R. D., Riggle, Daniel, Rhodes, Daniel T., Russell, Weston, Redding, Amos, Rose, William, Robb, William, Rhodes, Isaac, Reed, William, Rhine, John, COMPANY. Old A and D, New E, New I, Old C and D, Old K and new F, Old I and A, New H, Old E and D, New G, New E, New E, Old I and A, Old C and B, Old K and B, Consolidated A, Old K, Old K and B, Old K and B, Old K and B. Old D and B, new H, Old B and D, Old K and B, New I, Old E andH, new I, New E, Old A and D, Old A and D, Band, NewF. OldG, NewG, ADDRESS. Blanchard, Centre Co., Pa. MaddeiisviUe, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Harrisbnrg, Pa. Tyrone, Blair Co., Pa. Waymego, Kas. Waterloo, Juniata Co., Pa. Walnut, Juniata Co., Pa. 220 Broad street, Ilarribburg, Pa. Oakland Mills, Pa. Hoffer, Snyder Co., Pa. Gettysburg, Pa. 3904 Locust street, Philadelphia. Osceola, Clearfield Co., Pa. Bedford, Pa. Bellville, Mifflin County, Pa. Coburn P. O., Wetzell Co., W. Va. Lewistown'i Pa. Warriorsmark, Huntingdon Co., Pa. 419 E. Washington street. Media, Pa. 351 Moore avenue, Pullman, 111. Mifflinburg, Union Co., Pa. Middleburg, Snyder Co., Pa. Luther Mills, Bradford Co., Pa. Soldiers' Home, Erie, Pa. Kane, McKean Co., Pa. Bellefonte, Pa. Blair's Mills, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Salkeld, Samuel, Sample, Dr. S., Sennett, Michael, Shannon, Thomas P., Sherwood, William, Shirk, W. J., Showers, W. H., Shoop, W. P., Shoemaker, John A., Sizer, W. R. D., Seibert, Adam, Sipe, John, Stutor, Matthew, Smith, A. M., Smith, Charles, Smith, Charles A., Smith, Erk D., Snyder, James H., Snyder, Wm. H., Spanogle, David B., Specht, Adam J., Spence, John, Speigleman, W. V., Speiglemoyer, Henry H., Spratt, George R., Stahl, David A., Stahl, JoelG., Stahl, John S., Steffy, Samuel H., NewE, Assistant Surgeon, Old A, Old D, Old E and D, new New G, Old I, OldG, Old H and A, OldH, Old I and A, New H. Old H. New I, Old C and B, New I, Old K and E, Old I and A, NewF. Old I, New I. Old A, NewH, Old H and A, Surgeon, New I, New I, New I, Old C and B, Six Mile Run, Bedford Co., Pa. Intercourse, Pa. Milesburg, Centre Co., Pa. Victor P. O., Clearfield Co., Pa. F, Lewistown, Pa. McAllisterville, Pa. East Waterford, Juniata Co., Pa. Centre Hall, Centre Co., Pa. Milroy, Mifflin Co., Pa. Oakland Mills, Pa. Mount Union, Pa. Beaver Springs, Snyder Co., Pa. Pine Grove, Centre Co., Pa. Bannersville, Pa. 1517 North Sixteenth street, Philadelphia. Red Cloud, Neb. Haines street, Johnstown, Pa. Marsellemus, Mich. Decatur, Mifflin Co., Pa. Coatsville, Pa. Emporia, Kas. Chapman, Pa. McAllisterville, Juniata Co., Pa. Saulsburg, Huntingdon Co., Pa. 270 HISTORY 4gTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. NAME. Steiner, Samuel C, Stephens, James C, Stewart, John, Stuart, James T., Stumpf, John, Sturtsman, James, Summers, John, Swails, John M., Swain, Edward T., Sweeny, Benjamin H., Symmerman, D., Sourbier, George H., Smyley, John, Smith, George VV., Stahl, VV. Adam, Shields, James A., Shorthi!!, James, Stephenson, W. E., Shatzer, A. A., Smythe, Homer S., San key, J. W., Slieffer, Frank, Shope, W. E., Stalbird, M. D., Smyley, Israel W., Sloat, Albert, Sloat, E. T., Smythe, J. H., Starkloff, E. L., Shields, Joseph W., Strunk, W. H., Sortman, John, Sweeny, Charles T., Sunday, Lewis, Seibert, Samuel P., SoIIers, William, COMPANY. New F, Old C and B, Old I, Old G and new G, Old H and A, Old D and B, New F, Old I, Old K, B and new Old F, Consolidated A, New H, Old F and C, Old H and A, New G. NewH, Old C and G, New G, Old E and D, Old E and D, Old H and A. New E, Old A and D, Old F and C, Old K. New G, New G, Old E, New E, Old K and B, Old E and D, New J, Old F and new E, Old A. New H, Old A and D, ADDRESS. Gallitzin, Cambria Co., Pa. State College, Pa. 708 Penn Building, Pittsburg, Pa. Boalsburg, Pa. Wagoner, Pa. Robertsdale, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Quincy, Franklin Co., Pa. Waterloo, Juniata Co., Pa. H, Re novo, Pa. West Chester, Pa. Concord, Franklin Co., Pa. 338 Broad street, Harrisburg, Pa. Roxborough, Philadelphia, Pa. Rooms 16-17, Glenn bldg, Cincinnati, O. 1215 North Main street, Whichita, Kas. Ghent, Bradford Co., Pa. New Castle, Pa. Wonsocket, S. Dakota. East Nodaway, Iowa. Altoona, Pa. Freytown, Lebanon Co., Pa. Skinner's Eddy, Pa. Skinner's Eddy, Pa. Box 118, Eureka, Kas. Sunbury, Pa. Edniond, Oklahoma. Williamsport, Pa. Mifflinburg, Union Co., Pa. Fox Chase, Montgomery Co., Pa. Centre Hall, Centre Co., Pa. Kippel P. O., Blair Co., Pa. Falls, Wyoming Co., Pa. Taylor, H. Robert, Taylor, George A., Taggart, Frank, Taylor, Wm., Taylor, W. H., Temple, Oliver S., Thompson, Geo. W., Tipton, Geo. W., Toot, Thomas, Tucker, Campbell, Temple, W. M., Transue, Stephen, Tiday, Josiah, Old I and A, NewH, OldF, New H, Old G and C, Old K and B, Old G and C, NewG, Old G and C, Old G, I and D, Old K and B, Old E, D and new New E, H, East Waterford, Juniata Co., Pa. East Waterford, Juniata Co., Pa. West Chester, Pa. Oxford, Pa. Bellefonte, Pa. Newton Hamilton, Pa. Fostoria, Blair Co., Pa. Bendersville, Adams Co., Pa. Bellefonte, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Altoona, Pa. Mackeyville, Clinton Co., Pa. Mann's Choice, Bedford Co., Pa. Vanscyoc, Samuel, Vanetta, J. H., Varner, John, Vanscyoc, Ben., Vansise, Jerry, New F, Old A, New G, New F, New G, Chambersburg, Pa. Renovo, Pa. Cocalamus, Pa. Amberson Valley Postoffice, Pa. North Rome, Pa. Waters, B. F., Walizer, A. J., Walker, Calvin T., Wallace, G. W., Ward, Rudolph, OldK, Old E and D, Colidated C, NewH, Old K and B, Spear Fish, S. D. Howard, Pa. Hartwell, Neb. Alexis, III. McVeytown, Pa HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 271 NAME. Warner John, Wasson, Jolin, Weber, Sylvester B., Wyland, John, Westbrook, John H., Westbrook, W. Shep., Westbrook, Robt. S., Wetzler, Lewis, Wheeling, Andrew, Whippo, Wm., Whippo, John, White, Anthony, Whitecroft, Geo. S., Whiting, Chas. S., Wildman, Joseph, Williamson, T. M., Waltkins, Wm., Waltkins, John, Wills, Geo. W., Wilson, Jacob K., Wilson, John J., Wilson Oliver P., Wimcr, John M., Wintrode, Philip, Weiser, Jonathan, Work, Robert A., Whitfield, Benjamin, Walk, Jacob, Washalaski, W. H.; Williamson, Andrew J., Wilkinson, Samuel D., Whitehead, Bruce, Wolfkill, Thomas, Wible, James, Wallings, Don Juan, Walk, Michael, COMPANY. Nf w G, Old I and A. Old E and D, Old C and B, Old D, OldD, Old D and B, Old A and D, New H, Old C. Old C, Old D and B, Old F and C, Old F and C, Old I and A, Old E and D, OldE, Old E and D, Old D and B, Old C and B, OldC, Old E and D, Band, Consolidated D, New E, Old I and A, New E, NewF, NewF, Old I, Old B and D, New G, Old K and B, Old K and B, Old F, New F, ADDRESS. Benderville, Adams Co., Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Figart, Cambria Co., Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. Alliance, O. Altoona, Pa. Milesburg, Pa. Dudley, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Warriorsmark, Pa. Huntingdon, Pa. Unionville, Chester Co., Pa. 4043 Aspen street, Philadelphia. Charleston, W. Va. Milroy, Mifflin Co., Pa. Snow Shoe, Clinton Co., Pa. ,Snow Shoe, Clinton Co., Pa. Warriorsmark, Pa. Donation, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Cornpropt's Mills, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Hublersburg, Pa. Lewistown, Pa. Lawraltovvn, Union Co., Pa. flopewell, Bedford Co., Pa. East Waterford, Juniata Co., Pa. Gapsville(Jackson's Mills)Bedrd Co.. Pa. Hannah, Centre Co., Pa. Church street, Elm Valley, Kas. East Waterford, Juniata Co., Pa, Moffitsville, N. Y. West Burlington, Pa. Bedford, Pa. Howard, Pa. Thornton, Delaware Co., Pa. Osceola, Pa. Young, Israel, Old G and C, Boalsburg, Centre Co., Pa. Yocum, Joseph, New F, No. 6 North Ninth street, Harrisburg, Pa. Yarger, Abraham, Consolidated D, Willmont, Union Co., Pa. The addresses of those not given are unknown by the Secretary, who will be under obli- gations to anyone furnishing information as to their whereabouts. 000 Regimental Association Officers for 1898. President Captaix John W. Russell, Media, Pa. Vice Presidents Samuel B. Bartlev. do do John N. Patterson. do do James S. Givens. do do John M. Knight. do do B. H. Sweeny. do do T. B. HiLDEBRAND. do do T. J. OvES. do do D. T. Rhodes. do do Wm. M. Er win. Secretary R. S. Westbrook, i6oi Eleventh ave., Altoona Pa. Treasurer J. L. Barton, Pleasant View, Juniata Co., Pa. Chaplain Jesse B. Bartley. 272 HISTORY 49TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS* Re=unions of the Forty=ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. First — Lewistown, Pa., December 29, 1875. Second — Huntingdon, Pa., November 14, 1876. Tliird — Mifflintown, Pa., November 13, 1878. Fourth — Lewistown, Pa., November 18, 1880. Fifth — Huntingdon, Pa., November 14-15, 1882. Sixth — Lewistown, Pa., November 19-20, 1884. Seventh— Gettysburg, Pa., November 1-2, 1887. Eighth — Gettysburg (dedication of monument), Sept. 11, 1889. Ninth — Was to be at West Chester, Pa., but was postponed. Tenth— McVeytown, Pa., May 5-6, 1891. Eleventh— Altoona, Pa., May 4-5, 1892. Twelfth — Lewistown, Pa., October 14-15, 1893. Thirteenth — Middleburg, Pa., October 16-17, 1894. Fourteenth — Huntingdon, Pa., October 15-16, 1895. Fifteenth — Chambersburg, Pa., June 4, 1896. Sixteenth— Port Royal, Pa., October 14-15, 1897. The re-union in 1898 will be held at Newton Hamilton, Mifflin county,' Pa. CONTENTS. ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGB. Brisbane, Wm., Lieutenant Colonel, 9 Curtln, Andrew G., Governor ] 240 Earenehaw, Wm., Chaplain, 9 Flags, Old and New 224 HuUngs, Thomas M., Major and Colonel, 9_190 Hancock, Wlnfleld S., General, 106 Irwin, Wm. H., Colonel, 9 Irvln, Samuel H., Lieutenant, 219 King, Charley, 124 Lincoln, Abraham, President, 240 Miles, John B., Lieutenant Colonel, 190 Russell, David A., General, 219 Rapahannock Station Battlefield 168 Sedgwick, John, Major General, 189 Smith, Charley 124 Smith, Wm, F., Major General 124 Spottsylvania Battlefield, 190 Upton, Emory, Colonel, 190 Westbrook, R. S., 1 Wright, Horatio G., Major General, 190 Wakefield, Amor, Colonel, 249 ROLLS. Band, 8 Company A, Old 9 Company B, Old 12 Company C, Old 14 Company D, Old 17 Company E, Old 20 Company F, Old 23 Company G, Old 20 Company H, Old 30 Company I, Old 33 Company K, Old 37 Company A, Consolidated 41 Company B, Consolidated 48 Company C, Consolidated 62 Company D, Consolidated 57 Company E, New 63 Company F, New 68 Company G, New 73 Company H, New 77 Company I, New 82 Field and Staff, 7 MARCHES. Alexandria, Va., en route to Peninsula 100 Alexandria, Va., back from Harrison's Landing 122 Antietam, Battle of 124 Battles, List of 6 Bakersville, Md., In camp at 126 Burnside's Farewell Address 130 Brandy Station, In camp near 175 Boliver Heights 218 Burkville Station 241 Camp Curtin S9 Corps Formation 99 Cold Harbor, Battle of 204 Danville, On the march to 243 Eflfective Men Engaged May 10, 1864 197 Election for President, Result of 226 Fortress Monroe 101 Fredericksburg, Battle of 183 Fredericksburg. Va., Departure for Maryland from 149 Fredericksburg, Crossing in Pontoon Boats 144 ITunkstown, Md., Battle of 156 Fortress Monroe, on road to Valley 211 Frederick City 215 E'orty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers' Badge 88 PAGE. Frederick City, on our road home 248 Griffin, In camp at 90 Garnett's Hill, Battle of 118 Golding's Farm, Battle of 114 Gettysburg, Battle of. 153 General McClellan's First Order to 49th P. V 88 Harrison's Landing 117 Hatche'sBun 231 Hall's Hill, on our road home 249 Harrlsburg, to be mustered out of service 253 Hooker takes command 188 Loss and enrollment by companies 86 Loss at Sailor's Creek 238 LocustGrove 173 Loss May 4 to June 7, 18(14 256 Loss May 10, 1864 193 Loss May 12, 1864 198 McClellan's Farewell Address 129 Malvern Hill 116 Mine Run, Battle of 174 Meade Takes Command of Army 152 Original Captains and Generals 87 Petersburg 209 Petersburg, back from the valley 228 Petersburg, Assault of 237 Presentation of Flag and Speeches 224 Regiment Consolidated 137 Rapahannock Station, Battle of 168 Robison River 180 Richmond, homeward bound 216 Russell's Congratulatory Order 171 Savage Station, Battle of 116 Smith's Farewell Addre.9s 139 Salem Church, Battle of 145 Spottsylvania Court House, Battle of. 189 Scouts, In regard to 224 Sailor's Creek, Battle of 240 Sedgwick's Congratulatory Order 171 Secretary of War's Congratulatory Order 178 Survivors, Names and Addresses of 263 Wilderness Campaign 187 Winchester, Battle of 2W Washington, on road back to Petersburg 227 Williamsburg, Battle of. 106 White Oak Swamp, Battle of H6 White Plains 129 White Oak Church, In camp at 135 White Oak Church, Again in camp at 147 Warrenton, In camp at 15g Weldon Railroad, or Ream Station 210 Yorktown, In camp at 102 Yorktown, Evacuation of 105