CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
SAMHSA
3 1924 092 417 215
National Household Survey on Drug Abuse Series: H-20
State Estimates of Substance Use From the
2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse:
Volume II. Individual State Tables and
Technical Appendices
HEALTH
&
HUMAN
SERVICES.
USA
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Office of Applied Studies
www.samhsa.gov
SAMHSA
Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Office of Applied Studies
The Office of Applied Studies (OAS) serves as a focal point for data
collection, analyses, and dissemination activities on the incidence and
prevalence of substance abuse, the distribution and characteristics of
substance abuse treatment facilities and services, and the costs and
outcomes of substance abuse treatment programs. Both National and State-
by-State data are available. Three major surveys provide information used
by OAS:
• National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The
NHSDA provides information on the prevalence of substance use
in the population, and the problems associated with use. The survey
collects information on the sociodemographic characteristics of
users, patterns of use, treatment, perceptions of risk, criminal
behavior, and mental health. Since 1999, the NHSDA sample has
been designed to provide State-level estimates, based on 70,000
respondents per year.
• Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN). The DAWN obtains
information on drug-related admissions to emergency departments
and drug-related deaths identified by medical examiners.
• Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS). The
DASIS consists of three data sets (I-SATS, N-SSATS, and TEDS)
developed with State governments. These data collection efforts
provide National and State-level information on the substance
abuse treatment system.
RNELL
Ir
BRARY
Parklawn Building
Room 16-105
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, Maryland 20857
SAMHSA Drug Abuse
Information
Office of Applied Studies (OAS)
OAS Data Request Line:
301-443-6239
Fax: 301-443-9847
Substance Use and Treatment Data
General Population: www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda.htm
Treatment: www.samhsa.gov/oas/dasis.htm
Emergency Dept: www.samhsa.gov/oas/dawn.htm
SAMHSA
HUMAN
SERVICES
USA
herwood Library
ial and Labor Relations
State Estimates of Substance Use from the
لال
2001 National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse: Volume II. Individual State Tables
and Technical Appendices
Douglas Wright
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Office of Applied Studies
Acknowledgments
This report was prepared by the Division of Population Surveys in the Office of Applied Studies
(OAS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and by RTI,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. At SAMHSA, Douglas Wright was responsible for the
content, analysis, and writing of the report, and Joseph C. Gfroerer reviewed and provided
numerous suggestions and improvements on its content and format. At RTI, Ralph Folsom was
responsible for the overall methodology and estimation for the model-based Bayes estimates and
prediction intervals. The following staff were responsible for generating the estimates and
providing other support and analysis: Akhil Vaish, Neeraja Sathe, Feng Yu, and Jie Liu. Bing
Liu, Mike Vorburger, and Brenda Porter generated the tables, and Ms. Sathe provided oversight
for production of the report. David Chrest and Shari B. Lambert prepared the State maps. Mary
Ellen Marsden reviewed the report; Richard S. Straw and K. Scott Chestnut edited it; Joyce
Clay-Brooks and Danny Occoquan word processed it; and Pamela Couch Prevatt, Teresa F.
Gurley, David Belton, and Kim Cone prepared its Web versions.
Public Domain Notice
All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied
without permission from SAMHSA. However, this publication may not be reproduced or
distributed for a fee without the specific, written authorization of the Office of Communications,
SAMHSA, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Citation of the source is
appreciated. Suggested citation:
Wright, D. (2003). State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2001 National
Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Volume II. Individual State Tables and
Technical Appendices (DHHS Publication No. SMA 03-3826, NHSDA Series H-
20). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Obtaining Additional Copies of Publication
Copies may be obtained, free of charge, from the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug
Information (NCADI), a service of SAMHSA. Write or call NCADI at:
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345
301-468-2600, 1-800-729-6686, TDD 1-800-487-4889
Electronic Access to Publication
This publication can be accessed electronically through the Internet connections listed below:
http://www.samhsa.gov
http://www.DrugAbuseStatistics.SAMHSA.gov
Originating Office
SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies
5600 Fishers Lane, Room 16-105
Rockville, MD 20857
September 2003
ii
Appendix
List of Tables ......
HV
5825
.W951
2003
Table of Contents
Property of
MARTIN P. CATHERWOOD LIBRARY
NEW YORK STATE SCHOOL OF
INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS
Comell University........
Page
.V
List of Exhibits...
xxiii
A.
Tables of Change Between the 1999-2000 and the 2000-2001 Model-Based
Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia), by Substance
(See pp. 87 to 114 of Volume 1)
B.
Tables of Model-Based Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia),
by Substance (See pp. 115 to 158 of Volume 1)
C.
State-by-State Model-Based Tables........
D.
Tables Showing Estimated Numbers Based on Model-Based Estimates.
E.
State Estimation Methodology..
E.1.
E.2.
Measuring Change in State Estimates Between 1999-2000 and 2000-2001
Validation of Methodology to Measure Change....
E.2.1 Replicate Formation Methodology.
E.2.2 Results of Validating the Small Area Estimates of Change
Between 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 ......
Validation of Combined Prevalence-Level Estimates for 1999-2000.…………………………………….. 155
...1
....107
.147
149
......
152
... 152
155
E.3.
E.4.
Caveats........
E.5.
SAE Methodology
E.5.1 Background
E.5.2 Goals of Modeling..
E.5.3
Variables Modeled..........
E.5.4 Predictors Used in Logistic Regression Models.
E.5.5 Selection of Independent Variables for the Models.......
E.5.6 General Model Description.
......
E.5.7 Implementation of Modeling.
E.5.8
Remarks ..........
E.6.
F.
References....
Description of Survey
F.1.
Sample Design
F.2. Data Collection Methodology.........
F.3.
Data Processing......
F.4.
F.3.1 Statistical Imputation..............
F.3.2 Development of Analysis Weights.
References.......
... 156
.... 157
... 157
159
160
... 160
... 164
165
... 166
.... 167
.....168
....197
199
.... 200
..... 201
201
... 202
..204
iii
Table of Contents
Appendix
G.
Statistical Methods and Limitations....
Page
.......205
G.1.
Target Population...........
.... 207
G.2.
Nonsampling Error.....
.... 207
G.2.1 Screening and Interview Response Rate Patterns
.... 207
G.2.2 Inconsistent Responses and Item Nonresponse.
.... 208
G.2.3 Validity of Self-Reported Use....
..... 208
G.3.
Incidence Estimates
209
G.4.
Serious Mental Illness Estimates
.... 210
G.5.
References...…………….
212
H.
Other Sources of Data........
.......219
H.1.
Other State Data...
H.2.
Other National Data........
H.2.1 Illicit Drug Use..
.... 221
223
223
H.2.2
Alcohol and Tobacco Use ......
H.3.
H.4.
H.2.3 Substance Abuse and Dependence........
Surveys of Populations Not Covered by the NHSDA
References....
.... 225
228
.... 229
231
iv
List of Tables
Table
Page
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
C.5
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Alabama, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.............
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Alabama, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Alaska, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.........
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Alaska, by Age Group: 2000
and 2001.....……………..
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Arizona, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.........
4
..... 5
.....
6
.... 7
...... 8
C.6
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Arizona, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001...........
...... 9
C.7
C.8
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Arkansas, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.....
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Arkansas, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001..............
...... 10
11
V
List of Tables (continued)
Table
Page
C.9
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in California,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001..........
C.10 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in California, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.......
C.11
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Colorado,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001.............
C.12 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Colorado, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.
12
.... 13
14
15
C.13
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Connecticut,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001............
16
C.14 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Connecticut, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001....
17
C.15
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Delaware,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001...
18
C.16
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Delaware, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001...........
19
vi
List of Tables (continued)
Table
C.17
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in District of
Columbia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001 ……………………………..
C.18 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in District of Columbia, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001...………………..
C.19 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Florida, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001..........
C.20 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Florida, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.........
Page
20
........
.......
21
22
23
C.21
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Georgia, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.......
.... 24
C.22 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Georgia, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001...........
.... 25
C.23
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Hawaii, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001......
C.24 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Hawaii, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001 ………………………………..
..... 26
........ 27
vii
List of Tables (continued)
Table
C.25
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Idaho, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.
C.26 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Idaho, by Age Group: 2000
and 2001.............
C.27
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Illinois, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001......
C.28 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Illinois, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.............
C.29
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Indiana, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.........
C.30 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Indiana, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001...........
C.31
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Iowa, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.........
Page
28
.... 29
..... 30
......... 31
..... 32
33
34
C.32 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Iowa, by Age Group: 2000
and 2001...........
.... 35
viii
List of Tables (continued)
Table
C.33
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Kansas, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001............
C.34 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Kansas, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001........
C.35
Page
36
.......
.... 37
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Kentucky, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.
38
C.36 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Kentucky, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001........
C.37
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Louisiana,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001.....
C.38 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Louisiana, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001............
.... 39
..... 40
41
C.39
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Maine, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001.
42
C.40 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Maine, by Age Group: 2000
and 2001.............
43
.......
ix
List of Tables (continued)
Table
C.41
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Maryland,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001............
C.42 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Maryland, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.....
Page
44
....
.... 45
C.43
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in
Massachusetts, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001.............
46
C.44 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Massachusetts, by Age
Group: 2000 and 2001 .....
47
C.45
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Michigan,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001...........
48
C.46 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Michigan, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.........
49
C.47
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Minnesota,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001.....
..... 50
C.48 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Minnesota, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001............
.... 51
X
List of Tables (continued)
Table
Page
C.49 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Mississippi,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001.........
C.50 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Mississippi, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001..........
..... 52
...... 53
C.51
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Missouri, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001............
C.52 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Missouri, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001
C.53
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Montana, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001....……………..
C.54 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Montana, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001
54
...... 55
56
... 57
C.55
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Nebraska,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001........
58
C.56
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Nebraska, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.........
..... 59
xi
List of Tables (continued)
Table
Page
C.57
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Nevada, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001............
.... 60
C.58 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Nevada, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.........
..... 61
C.59
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New
Hampshire, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
..... 62
C.60 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New Hampshire, by Age
Group: 2000 and 2001
63
C.61
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New Jersey,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001..
64
C.62 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New Jersey, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001............
65
C.63
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New Mexico,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001........
..... 66
C.64 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New Mexico, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.........
.... 67
xii
List of Tables (continued)
Table
Page
C.65
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New York,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001.........
..... 68
C.66 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New York, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001........
C.67 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in North
Carolina, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
.... 69
.... 70
C.68 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in North Carolina, by Age
Group: 2000 and 2001
......... 71
C.69 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in North
Dakota, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001 .......
.... 72
C.70 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in North Dakota, by Age
Group: 2000 and 2001
..... 73
C.71
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Ohio, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001..............
C.72 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Ohio, by Age Group: 2000
and 2001............
74
..... 75
xiii
List of Tables (continued)
Page
Table
C.73
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Oklahoma,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001...........
76
C.74 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Oklahoma, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001........
77
C.75
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Oregon, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001........
.... 78
C.76 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Oregon, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001........
.... 79
C.77
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in
Pennsylvania, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
..... 80
C.78 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Pennsylvania, by Age
Group: 2000 and 2001 .....
........ 81.
C.79
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Rhode
Island, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001.......
..... 82
C.80 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Rhode Island, by Age
Group: 2000 and 2001 ...
83
xiv
List of Tables (continued)
Page
Table
C.81
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in South
Carolina, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
.... 84
C.82 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in South Carolina, by Age
Group: 2000 and 2001 ....
85
C.83
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in South
Dakota, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001 .......
86
C.84 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in South Dakota, by Age
Group: 2000 and 2001
87
C.85
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Tennessee,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001.........
C.86 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Tennessee, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001 ..........
C.87
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Texas, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001....………………….
C.88 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Texas, by Age Group: 2000
and 2001.........
... 88
..... 89
.... 90
....... 91
XV
List of Tables (continued)
1
Page
Table
C.89
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Utah, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001............
C.90 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Utah, by Age Group: 2000
and 2001.......
C.91
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Vermont, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001..............
C.92 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Vermont, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.......
C.93
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Virginia, by
Age Group: 2000 and 2001......
C.94 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Virginia, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001........
C.95
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Washington,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001.......
C.96 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Washington, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001.........
.... 92
.... 93
....
94
95
...
96
97
.... 98
99
xvi
List of Tables (continued)
Table
C.97 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in West
Virginia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
C.98 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in West Virginia, by Age
Group: 2000 and 2001 .....
C.99 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Wisconsin,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001..
Page
..... 100
........
C.100 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Wisconsin, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001...........
C.101 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions
of Great Risk, Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance
Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Wyoming,
by Age Group: 2000 and 2001........
C.102 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average
Annual Rates of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or
Abuse, Treatment Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Wyoming, by Age Group:
2000 and 2001..........
101
102
103
104
... 105
D.1
D.2
D.3
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Any Illicit Drug, by
Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDA............... 1 10
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Marijuana, by Age
Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDA................
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Perceptions of Great
Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, by Age Group and State: Annual
Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAs.........
112
.114
D.4
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, by
Age Group and State: Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS...
.....116
xvii
List of Tables (continued)
Table
Page
D.5
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Any Illicit Drug Other
Than Marijuana, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and
2001 NHSDAS .......
....118
D.6
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Year Users of Cocaine, by Age Group
and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAs.....
120
D.7
D.8
D.9
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Alcohol, by Age
Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAs......
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Binge Alcohol Users, by Age
Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAs..........
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Perceptions of Great
Risk of Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a
Week, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001
NHSDAS.
.122
......124
........126
D.10 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Any Tobacco Product,
by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDA.............. 128
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Cigarettes, by Age
Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAs......
D.11
D.12 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Perceptions of Great
Risk of Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day, by Age Group and
State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAs..........
D.13 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Alcohol
Dependence or Abuse, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000
and 2001 NHSDAS .......
D.14 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Alcohol
Dependence, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001
NHSDAS .........
130
...132
134
....136
D.15 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Any Illicit
Drug Dependence or Abuse, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on
2000 and 2001 NHSDAs
....138
D.16 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Any Illicit
Drug Dependence, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and
2001 NHSDAS .........
..140
xviii
List of Tables (continued)
Table
Page
D.17
D.18
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Dependence
or Abuse for Any Illicit Drug or Alcohol, by Age Group and State: Annual
Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAs.........
...142
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons with Past Year Serious Mental
Illness, by Age Group and State: 2001 NHSDA.......
.144
E.1
E.2
Ratio of Average Widths of Change Between the 1999-2000 Pooled Data and the
2000-2001 Pooled Data (Based on the Underestimated Model-Based Correlations)..... 170
Average Correlation Between the 1999-2000 and the 2000-2001 Model-Based
and Design Based Estimates (Based on the Underestimated Model-Based
Correlations)
171
E.3
Ratio of Average Widths of Change Between the 1999-2000 Pooled Data and the
2000-2001 Pooled Data (Based on the Appropriately Estimated Model-Based
Correlations)
172
E.4
Average Correlation Between the 1999-2000 and the 2000-2001 Model-Based
and Design-Based Estimates (Based on the Appropriately Estimated Model-Based
Correlations)
.... 173
E.5
Comparison Between the p Values Obtained from Method 1 and Method 2 for
Past Month Use of Marijuana.......
174
E.6
Comparison Between the p Values Obtained from Method 1 and Method 2 for
Past Year Use of Cocaine .....
176
E.7
Comparison Between the p Values Obtained from Method 1 and Method 2 for
Past Month Use of Alcohol.
178
E.8
Comparison Between the p Values Obtained from Method 1 and Method 2 for
Past Month Use of Cigarettes ........
180
E.9
Relative Absolute Bias for Change Between Pooled 1999-2000 Data and Pooled
2000-2001 Data for Past Month Marijuana Use
182
E.10
Relative Absolute Bias for Change Between Pooled 1999-2000 Data and Pooled
2000-2001 Data for Past Year Use of Cocaine.
183
........
E.11
Relative Absolute Bias for Change Between Pooled 1999-2000 Data and Pooled
2000-2001 Data for Past Month Use of Alcohol............
184
xix
List of Tables (continued)
Table
Page
E.12
Relative Absolute Bias for Change Between Pooled 1999-2000 Data and Pooled
2000-2001 Data for Past Month Use of Cigarettes
185
E.13
E.14
E.15
Relative Absolute Bias for Past Month Use of Marijuana Based on Pooled 1999
and 2000 Data.......
Relative Absolute Bias for Past Year Use of Cocaine Based on Pooled 1999 and
2000 Data..........
Relative Absolute Bias for Past Month Binge Alcohol Use Based on Pooled 1999
and 2000 Data......
186
.......
187
.... 188
E.16
Relative Absolute Bias for Past Month Use of Cigarettes Based on Pooled 1999
and 2000 Data .......
189
E.17
Ratio of Average Widths for Pooled 1999 and 2000 Data....
..... 190
E.18
1999 NHSDA Weighted Screening and Interview Response Rates, by State............
191
E.19
E.20
2000 NHSDA Weighted Screening and Interview Response Rates, by State................... 192
2001 NHSDA Weighted Screening and Interview Response Rates, by State
193
E.21
Total Number of Respondents in the Incentive Experiment, by State, for 2001............. 194
E.22
Total Number of Respondents, by State, for 1999, 2000, and 2001
195
...
G.1
Weighted Percentages and Sample Sizes for 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by Screening
Result Code .......
.... 214
G.2
Weighted Percentages and Sample Sizes for 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by Final
Interview Code, among Persons Aged 12 or Older
215
G.3 Weighted Percentages and Sample Sizes for 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by Final
Interview Code, among Youths Aged 12 to 17...........
215
G.4 Weighted Percentages and Sample Sizes for 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by Final
Interview Code, among Persons Aged 18 or Older
216
G.5
Response Rates and Sample Sizes for the 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by
Demographic Characteristics..........
.... 217
H.1
Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Marijuana
among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001.......... 234
XX
List of Tables (continued)
Table
H.2
H.3
H.4
Page
Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cocaine
among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001......... 235
Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Inhalants
among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001.......... 236
Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Hallucinogens
among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001......... 237
.... 238
H.5
NSPY Trends in Marijuana Use Across Measures, by Age Group...
H.6
NSPY Parent Drug Use, 2000 and 2001..............
239
H.7
Past Month Cigarette Use among Adults Aged 18 Years or Older, by Gender and
Age Group: United States, 1999-2001, NHIS and NHSDA...........
.... 240
H.8
Past Year Alcohol Use among Adults Aged 18 Years or Older, by Gender and
Age Group: United States, 1999-2001, NHIS and NHSDA.
241
H.9
Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cigarettes
Among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001.......... 242
H.10 Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Alcohol
H.11
Among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001......... 243
NSPY Youth Alcohol and Cigarette Use, 2000 and 2001 ............
244
xxi
xxii
List of Exhibits
Exhibit
Page
E.1
Sample Segment 50 Percent Overlap Plan for the 1999, 2000, and 2001 NHSDAs...... 153
E.2
An Example of Sample Segment Assignment in Pseudo FI Regions in 1999, 2000,
and 2001 NHSDAS ......
154
E.3
Typical Assignment of Segments among Four Pseudo States for 1999, 2000, and
2001 NHSDAS ..........
154
xxiii
:
Appendix C: State-by-State Model-Based
Tables
1
2
This page intentionally left blank
3
30120
ALABAMA
Table C.1
Measure
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Alabama, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
210
34
Past Month Marijuana Use
152
22223
73
103
58
72
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
98
18
Past Year Cocaine Use
55
85
32335
20
220
47
29
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,853
158
172
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
49
19
220
1,524
26
3
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,346
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
665
338335
55
239
1,053
151
477
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,822
169
197
1,456
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,121
61
201
859
Past Month Cigarette Use
907
49
172
686
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,508
223
304
1,982
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
40
6
17
16
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
65
12
27
26
Alcohol Dependence
87
8
23
56
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
187
19
56
112
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
223
27
67
129
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
59
12
26
22
Serious Mental Illness'
2427
54
188
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
3
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
6
7
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
4
30120
ALABAMA
Table C.2
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Alabama, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
5.77
9.48
15.21
3.69
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.17
5.98
12.09
2.58
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.70
5.04
6.91
1.68
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.50
1.47
4.16
1.05
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
50.98
43.43
35.95
54.52
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.33
5.35
5.44
0.12
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
37.02
15.14
49.89
37.65
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.29
10.43
31.51
17.05
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
50.11
46.64
41.13
52.09
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
30.82
16.71
42.08
30.72
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.95
13.62
35.88
24.56
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.98
61.41
63.45
70.90
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.09
1.67
3.65
0.58
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.79
3.43
5.58
0.94
Alcohol Dependence
2.39
2.15
4.81
2.00
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.14
5.24
11.62
4.02
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.13
7.41
13.96
4.63
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.63
3.32
5.37
0.77
Serious Mental Illness'
7.407
11.25
6.74
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
*0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
7
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
5
30120
ALASKA
Table C.3
Measure
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Alaska, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
Past Month Marijuana Use
55
45
8
16
34
6
14
64
21
14
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
Past Year Cocaine Use
41
14
11
31
3
5
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
174
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
10
250
65
4
16
138
0
65
6
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
240
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
98
99
10
6
2120
41
26
888888
66
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
218
26
27
27
165
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
149
13
Past Month Cigarette Use
117
30
10
3 333
35
101
31
76
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
337
40
48
249
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
7
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
12
Alcohol Dependence
13
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
34
2324
3
5
2
4
12
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
38
6
24
18
247∞
14
19
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
11
3
4
4
Serious Mental Illness?
297
8
27
21
-
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
1
6
30120
ALASKA
Table C.4
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Alaska, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
9.22
11.81
21.94
6.04
Past Month Marijuana Use
7.09
9.88
19.06
4.04
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.96
4.13
7.32
1.82
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.18
1.72
5.70
1.51
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
35.81
31.16
21.74
39.66
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
2.28
7.05
6.92
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
49.40
16.00
55.98
54.17
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
20.19
9.83
35.42
18.88
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
44.83
39.87
36.88
47.43
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
30.73
19.64
47.88
29.13
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.12
15.32
42.43
21.85
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
69.28
62.23
64.89
71.52
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.43
2.53
3.98
0.69
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.49
4.53
6.93
1.18
Alcohol Dependence
2.69
2.86
5.18
2.13
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
7.00
6.42
16.24
5.15
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.90
8.60
18.54
5.52
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.23
4.63
5.88
1.02
Serious Mental Illness'
7.057
10.70
6.23
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
3
4
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
*0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
7
30120
ARIZONA
Table C.5
Measure
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Arizona, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
262
49
85
128
Past Month Marijuana Use
179
33
65
82
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
135
26
Past Year Cocaine Use
91
13
23333
233303
42
67
35
43
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,694
149
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
59
1990
155
1,390
25
4
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,951
76
287
1,588
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
843
49
192
602
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,768
184
195
1,389
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,090
58
212
819
Past Month Cigarette Use
904
53
194
657
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,799
286
351
2,163
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
63
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
101
241
21
30
31
46
Alcohol Dependence
100
11
25
64
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
233
25
68
140
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
288
37
83
167
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
88
22
28
38
Serious Mental Illness'
2897
65
224
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
8
30120
ARIZONA
Table C.6
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Arizona, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
6.69
11.13
16.07
4.35
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.57
7.39
12.25
2.78
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
3.44
5.93
7.91
2.27
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.33
2.97
6.61
1.47
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
43.24
33.76
29.45
47.12
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.64
6.83
4.71
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
49.80
17.27
54.54
53.81
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
21.52
11.20
36.38
20.41
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
45.12
41.76
36.93
47.08
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
27.81
13.24
40.20
27.77
Past Month Cigarette Use
23.07
12.02
36.82
22.26
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
71.45
64.87
66.62
73.29
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.61
2.67
3.99
1.02
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.58
5.52
5.79
1.57
Alcohol Dependence
2.55
2.47
4.78
2.16
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.94
5.69
12.87
4.73
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.34
8.50
15.78
5.67
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.25
4.95
5.35
1.30
Serious Mental Illness'
8.197
--
12.02
7.50
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
9
30120
ARKANSAS
Table C.7
Measure
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Arkansas, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
143
Past Month Marijuana Use
106
15
25
51
67
16
41
50
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana
Past Year Cocaine Use
88858
68
14
34
323
43
31
12
18
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,041
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
32
3±3
89
14
898
89
863
16
2
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
805
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
410
3333
38
25
38888
629
98
288
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,048
99
101
848
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
716
Past Month Cigarette Use
599
3333
41
132
542
110
456
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,418
138
172
1,108
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
31
5
12
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
53
11
21
110
223
14
20
Alcohol Dependence
50
5
16
29
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
113
13
36
64
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
141
19
46
75
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
45
10
21
14
Serious Mental Illness'
1567
36
121
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
7
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
10
30120
ARKANSAS
Table C.8
Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Arkansas, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
6.69
11.40
18.27
4.08
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.97
7.22
14.50
3.03
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
3.16
6.14
8.09
1.91
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.58
1.49
4.40
1.11
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
48.69
39.97
31.77
52.77
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.53
6.32
5.59
0.13
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
37.61
16.89
48.97
38.48
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
19.17
11.15
34.76
17.59
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
48.99
44.32
36.01
51.85
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
33.45
18.21
47.11
33.18
Past Month Cigarette Use
27.99
14.64
39.16
27.89
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
66.30
61.95
61.32
67.75
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.45
2.24
4.26
0.87
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.47
5.02
7.58
1.25
Alcohol Dependence
2.33
2.18
5.54
1.79
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.28
5.96
12.82
3.89
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.56
8.54
16.42
4.61
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.09
4.49
7.35
0.86
Serious Mental Illness?
8.247
12.62
7.48
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
7
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
11
30120
CALIFORNIA
Table C.9
Measure
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in California, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
2,159
312
642
1,205
Past Month Marijuana Use
1,578
231
531
816
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
1
Marijuana
918
138
260
520
Past Year Cocaine Use
536
56
194
287
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
10,847
977
1,156
8,713
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
373
174
168
30
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
12,579
419
1,953
10,207
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
5,067
261
1,190
3,615
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
13,652
1,290
1,573
10,788
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
6,275
279
1,215
4,782
Past Month Cigarette Use
5,637
246
1,099
4,292
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
19,863
1,889
2,659
15,315
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
548
85
170
293
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
779
154
254
371
Alcohol Dependence
696
50
180
466
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
1,583
140
453
990
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2,007
228
585
1,195
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
708
147
240
321
Serious Mental Illness'
1,7427
372
1,369
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
12
30120
CALIFORNIA
Table C.10 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in California, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
8.16
11.06
17.45
6.04
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.96
8.16
14.45
4.09
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
3.47
4.90
7.07
2.60
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.02
1.97
5.27
1.44
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
40.98
34.61
31.45
43.64
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.59
6.17
4.58
0.15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
47.53
14.83
53.14
51.12
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
19.14
9.24
32.38
18.11
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
51.58
45.68
42.80
54.03
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
23.71
9.87
33.05
23.95
Past Month Cigarette Use
21.30
8.71
29.90
21.49
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
75.05
66.88
72.32
76.70
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
2.07
3.01
4.62
1.47
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.94
5.46
6.90
1.86
Alcohol Dependence
2.63
1.75
4.90
2.33
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.98
4.96
12.31
4.96
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.58
8.06
15.90
5.98
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.68
5.22
6.52
1.61
Serious Mental Illness?
7.147
9.70
6.66
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
4
6
7
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
13
30120
COLORADO
Table C.11 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Colorado, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
316
49
117
150
Past Month Marijuana Use
254
40
98
116
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
117
20
44
Past Year Cocaine Use
95
8
41
353353
46
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,170
103
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
60
293235
28
288
94
972
5
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,981
73
301
1,607
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
752
46
210
496
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,449
145
135
1,169
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,019
67
231
720
Past Month Cigarette Use
827
56
208
562
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,342
231
273
1,838
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
57
11
24
23
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
89
21
33
36
Alcohol Dependence
87
7
27
53
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
231
24
81
126
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
273
34
94
144
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
84
19
31
35
Serious Mental Illness'
2157
54
161
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
7
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
14
30120
COLORADO
Table C.12 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Colorado, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
9.24
13.50
25.42
5.79
Past Month Marijuana Use
7.43
10.96
21.32
4.49
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
3.42
5.49
9.63
2.03
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.79
2.22
9.01
1.78
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
34.23
28.42
20.56
37.47
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.95
7.57
6.12
0.18
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
57.98
20.16
65.67
61.93
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
22.02
12.67
45.81
19.13
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
42.40
39.69
29.48
45.06
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
29.81
18.50
50.38
27.76
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.20
15.50
45.46
21.66
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.55
63.48
59.58
70.85
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.67
2.97
5.14
0.88
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.62
5.73
7.19
1.38
Alcohol Dependence
2.54
2.01
5.87
2.03
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.75
6.49
17.70
4.86
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.98
9.32
20.60
5.56
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.47
5.16
6.70
1.34
Serious Mental Illness"
7.047
11.64
6.22
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5
7
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
15
30120
CONNECTICUT
Table C.13 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Connecticut, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
204
35
Past Month Marijuana Use
170
29
62
200
70
3990
79
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
78
16
23
Past Year Cocaine Use
48
5
13313
16
320
39
27
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
942
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
43
52
78
19
325
63
801
21
3
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,618
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
605
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
88
205
1,354
39
140
426
1,162
108
104
950
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
763
49
142
572
Past Month Cigarette Use
681
46
132
503
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,896
168
188
1,540
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
52
9
16
27
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
74
17
24
33
Alcohol Dependence
64
6
17
42
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
176
17
49
110
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
230
27
66
137
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
62
14
21
26
Serious Mental Illness'
1457
35
110
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
2
3
4
6
7
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
-
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
16
30120
CONNECTICUT
Table C.14 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Connecticut, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
7.50
13.23
23.09
4.61
Past Month Marijuana Use
6.26
10.76
20.73
3.68
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.86
5.98
7.52
1.82
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.76
1.72
5.35
1.27
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
34.71
29.09
20.94
37.34
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.68
7.11
7.03
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
59.63
21.79
68.09
63.16
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
22.28
14.62
46.41
19.87
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
42.83
40.40
34.52
44.29
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
28.13
18.45
47.02
26.69
Past Month Cigarette Use
25.10
17.24
43.99
23.44
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
69.89
62.63
62.50
71.83
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.93
3.26
5.45
1.27
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.74
6.53
8.00
1.53
Alcohol Dependence
2.37
2.17
5.59
1.95
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.50
6.43
16.25
5.14
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
8.46
9.90
21.86
6.41
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.28
5.40
7.09
1.21
Serious Mental Illness'
5.927
11.99
5.09
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
' Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
17
30120
DELAWARE
Table C.15 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Delaware, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
48
8
17
23
Past Month Marijuana Use
40
6
15
19
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
Past Year Cocaine Use
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
233
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
༠༈༙ %བ
19
3
6
9
14
1
5
8
12
240
5
20
20
193
6
1
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
348
12
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
136
27
49
287
32
97
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
279
26
27
226
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
186
11
Past Month Cigarette Use
161
==
37
139
10
34
118
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
444
39
51
353
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
12
2
4
6
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
16
3
6
8
Alcohol Dependence
15
1
4
10
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
38
3
11
24
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
47
5
14
28
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
13
3
5
5
Serious Mental Illness'
397
10
29
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3
4
6
7
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
18
30120
DELAWARE
Table C.16 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Delaware, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
7.62
12.09
21.90
4.76
Past Month Marijuana Use
6.38
9.56
19.22
3.92
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.93
5.08
7.74
1.88
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.20
1.28
6.19
1.67
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
36.87
32.52
25.25
39.29
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
2.12
8.66
7.98
0.16
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
55.06
18.43
62.63
58.50
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
21.51
10.74
40.35
19.86
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
44.19
41.19
34.76
46.08
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
29.47
17.42
46.55
28.27
Past Month Cigarette Use
25.49
15.36
42.48
24.06
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
70.22
62.09
65.27
72.05
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.85
2.52
5.29
1.22
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.56
4.84
7.08
1.55
Alcohol Dependence
2.42
1.92
4.82
2.10
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.04
4.78
13.59
5.00
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.44
8.20
17.12
5.80
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.98
4.54
5.93
1.02
Serious Mental Illness?
6.787
12.42
5.88
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
19
30120
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Table C.17 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in District of Columbia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
Past Month Marijuana Use
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
Past Year Cocaine Use
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
8∞
139
4
1
4 3
4
10
3
4
3
13
8
210
14
9
34
2535
43
20
3=
22
15
11
164
7
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
213
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
93
53
2320
34
175
21
69
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
219
18
23
178
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
122
4
21
Past Month Cigarette Use
107
3
200
97
19
85
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
306
23
40
242
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
8
1
3
5
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
11
1
3
6
Alcohol Dependence
15
0
3
11
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
32
1
9
22
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
38
2
10
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
9
1
93
26
5
Serious Mental Illness'
287
5
23
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
6
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
20
30120
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Table C.18 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in District of Columbia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
8.12
10.36
19.21
6.07
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.92
7.37
14.86
4.30
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
3.45
4.23
7.08
2.77
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.62
0.73
4.66
2.49
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
38.56
33.78
23.08
41.61
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.62
5.76
6.97
0.22
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
50.19
13.51
61.55
52.33
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
21.96
7.29
39.02
20.77
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
51.52
50.48
41.46
53.28
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
28.79
11.27
38.96
29.04
Past Month Cigarette Use
25.23
9.21
34.40
25.48
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
72.06
64.96
73.95
72.53
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.91
2.03
4.90
1.41
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.53
3.87
6.08
1.80
Alcohol Dependence
3.43
1.33
4.92
3.42
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
7.55
4.07
15.64
6.61
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
9.07
6.66
19.22
7.67
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.14
3.82
5.73
1.37
Serious Mental Illness?
6.977
10.01
6.53
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
*0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
21
30120
FLORIDA
Table C.19 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Florida, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
771
119
223
428
Past Month Marijuana Use
600
90
183
327
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
312
52
100
160
Past Year Cocaine Use
187
17
65
106
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
6,048
501
480
5,067
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
156
78
66
12
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
6,154
192
746
5,216
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
2,401
110
464
1,826
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
6,334
554
590
5,189
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
3,664
158
574
2,931
Past Month Cigarette Use
3,126
136
505
2,485
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
9,140
825
944
7,371
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
157
24
60
73
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
241
47
91
104
Alcohol Dependence
288
17
64
207
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
700
48
173
479
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
836
77
219
540
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
216
43
83
90
Serious Mental Illness'
7937
--
169
624
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
7
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
22
30120
FLORIDA
Table C.20 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Florida, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
6.03
9.87
15.98
4.21
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.70
7.46
13.11
3.21
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.44
4.33
7.16
1.57
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.46
1.39
4.63
1.04
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
47.30
41.42
34.42
49.76
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.32
6.46
4.73
0.12
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
48.13
15.85
53.50
51.23
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.78
9.12
33.29
17.94
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
49.54
45.82
42.33
50.97
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
28.65
13.08
41.14
28.79
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.44
11.21
36.18
24.41
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
71.48
68.21
67.64
72.40
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.23
1.98
4.27
0.72
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
1.89
3.87
6.49
1.02
Alcohol Dependence
2.25
1.43
4.56
2.03
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.47
3.95
12.39
4.71
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.54
6.38
15.69
5.31
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.69
3.56
5.92
0.89
Serious Mental Illness'
6.817
11.91
6.11
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
3
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
23
30120
GEORGIA
Table C.21 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Georgia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
394
Past Month Marijuana Use
296
3377
57
136
200
113
146
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
174
31
55
88
Past Year Cocaine Use
110
9
43
59
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
2,883
248
250
2,385
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
86
35
43
7
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
2,730
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
1,272
ཛྲཙ
104
450
2,177
61
292
920
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
3,169
330
347
2,492
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
2,063
102
372
1,589
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,587
83
317
1,187
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
4,522
444
570
3,509
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
75
12
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
128
24
2008
29
35
48
55
Alcohol Dependence
150
9
38
103
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
310
25
99
187
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
386
41
121
224
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
113
24
46
43
Serious Mental Illness'
5007
109
391
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
6
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
24
30120
GEORGIA
Table C.22 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Georgia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
6.13
8.28
15.72
4.12
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.61
5.41
13.02
3.00
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.70
4.56
6.30
1.80
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.72
1.32
4.91
1.21
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
44.96
36.01
28.84
49.10
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.44
5.10
4.99
0.15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
42.58
15.13
51.81
44.80
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
19.84
8.80
33.60
18.94
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
49.42
47.99
40.00
51.30
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
32.16
14.86
42.80
32.71
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.74
12.06
36.53
24.43
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
70.51
64.53
65.63
72.23
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.17
1.72
3.32
0.71
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
1.99
3.54
5.51
1.14
Alcohol Dependence
2.34
1.35
4.41
2.11
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
4.84
3.59
11.37
3.85
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.01
5.95
13.95
4.60
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.77
3.43
5.34
0.89
Serious Mental Illness?
8.667
12.46
7.98
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
" Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
25
30120
HAWAII
Table C.23 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Hawaii, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
71
11
Past Month Marijuana Use
55
9
2288
18
2388
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
Past Year Cocaine Use
2206
12
84
52
29
13
4
6
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
378
28
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
15
87
29
227
321
1
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
414
15
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
178
10
39
20
66
333
40
128
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
416
41
37
338
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
218
12
45
161
Past Month Cigarette Use
198
10
45
142
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
654
58
76
519
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
Alcohol Dependence
21
322
13
3
19
5
47
6
8
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
55
26
2
6
12
6
19
31
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
65
9
21
35
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
17
5
6
7
Serious Mental Illness'
437
13
31
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
26
30120
HAWAII
Table C.24 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Hawaii, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
7.45
11.79
19.08
5.11
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.82
9.32
15.11
3.95
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.69
5.15
6.96
1.73
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.23
1.69
3.79
0.78
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
39.69
31.15
24.93
43.03
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.62
7.62
5.99
0.08
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
43.50
16.70
56.46
44.76
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.71
10.71
34.64
17.21
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
43.66
44.44
32.26
45.34
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
22.85
12.99
38.81
21.58
Past Month Cigarette Use
20.74
11.51
39.16
19.01
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.69
64.03
65.90
69.70
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.35
2.90
3.62
0.80
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.03
5.39
5.80
1.04
Alcohol Dependence
2.17
2.10
5.57
1.65
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.82
6.89
16.08
4.10
Alcohol or Illicit Drug¹ Dependence or Abuse
6.78
9.72
17.68
4.72
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.81
5.39
4.89
0.89
Serious Mental Illness'
5.127
10.74
4.21
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
3
4
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
*0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
27
30120
IDAHO
Table C.25 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Idaho, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
Past Month Marijuana Use
5540
57
10
46
8
220
25
19
339
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
Past Year Cocaine Use
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
459
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
443
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
208
གླང བྱུང ་ྒུ་
23
14
52
5
8
10
2
6
6
51
47
361
17
7
9
1
19
84
340
14
59
135
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
476
54
56
366
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
301
17
67
217
Past Month Cigarette Use
244
14
59
171
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
732
87
106
539
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
Alcohol Dependence
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
4228
14
27
60
3637
7
5
10
7
10
15
24
30
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
70
10
27
33
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
21
5
10
6
Serious Mental Illness'
747
22
53
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
28
30120
IDAHO
Table C.26 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Idaho, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
5.36
8.04
13.37
3.23
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.37
6.07
11.94
2.49
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.21
3.97
5.08
1.32
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.30
1.74
3.58
0.75
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
43.30
40.11
28.95
46.85
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.68
5.56
5.26
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
41.72
14.77
51.43
44.08
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
19.62
10.75
36.24
17.57
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
44.82
42.27
34.19
47.48
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
28.33
13.00
41.17
28.14
Past Month Cigarette Use
23.01
10.97
36.21
22.20
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.99
68.33
64.87
69.96
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.31
2.23
4.04
0.59
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.10
4.55
5.93
0.89
Alcohol Dependence
2.55
2.09
5.94
1.91
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.67
5.54
14.39
3.85
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
6.56
7.70
16.34
4.31
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.96
4.15
5.98
0.75
Serious Mental Illness?
8.137
13.32
7.01
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
29
30120
ILLINOIS
Table C.27 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Illinois, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
704
110
245
349
Past Month Marijuana Use
551
84
218
248
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
284
43
80
Past Year Cocaine Use
179
12
66
8888
161
102
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
4,170
382
363
3,425
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
165
69
85
11
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
5,041
190
788
4,064
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
2,364
116
554
1,694
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
4,341
431
444
3,466
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
3,084
167
621
2,296
Past Month Cigarette Use
2,623
143
564
1,915
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
6,701
643
809
5,249
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
149
24
59
66
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
232
41
93
97
Alcohol Dependence
256
16
81
159
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
637
48
197
392
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
740
72
241
428
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
206
38
87
81
Serious Mental Illness'
6147
1
165
449
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
30
30120
ILLINOIS
Table C.28 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Illinois, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
7.17
10.79
18.88
4.65
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.60
8.27
16.81
3.31
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.89
4.25
6.16
2.14
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.83
1.13
5.05
1.36
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
42.45
37.53
27.94
45.62
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.76
6.75
6.57
0.15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
51.32
18.61
60.70
54.14
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
24.07
11.42
42.66
22.57
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
44.19
42.29
34.19
46.17
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
31.40
16.42
47.86
30.58
Past Month Cigarette Use
26.70
14.09
43.47
25.51
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.21
63.17
62.33
69.91
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.52
2.32
4.55
0.88
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.36
4.05
7.18
1.30
Alcohol Dependence
2.60
1.59
6.23
2.12
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.48
4.72
15.15
5.22
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.54
7.03
18.57
5.70
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
6
2.10
3.76
6.72
1.08
Serious Mental Illness
6.947
12.79
5.94
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
31
30120
INDIANA
Table C.29 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Indiana, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
258
Past Month Marijuana Use
193
333 335
46
37
22335
92
119
75
81
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
126
23
42
Past Year Cocaine Use
72
9
32
31
330
60
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
2,199
209
187
1,803
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
71
32
34
5
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
2,051
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
936
6=9
69
344
1,638
42
222
671
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
2,180
215
229
1,735
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,624
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,349
ང༤
91
307
1,226
77
264
1,008
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
3,347
322
409
2,616
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
66
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
100
=2
11
29
27
22
41
37
Alcohol Dependence
106
9
31
66
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
245
27
80
138
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
297
39
103
156
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
90
21
39
30
Serious Mental Illness'
3017
72
228
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
32
30120
INDIANA
Table C.30 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Indiana, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
5.23
9.03
14.02
3.17
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.92
7.23
11.41
2.16
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.55
4.53
6.44
1.60
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.46
1.69
4.87
0.84
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
44.62
40.53
28.42
48.02
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.48
6.17
5.18
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
41.62
13.35
52.19
43.63
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.99
8.25
33.71
17.87
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
44.23
41.86
34.79
46.20
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
32.94
17.60
46.61
32.64
Past Month Cigarette Use
27.36
14.96
40.02
26.83
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
67.90
62.65
61.97
69.66
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE,” AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.35
2.11
4.32
0.72
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.02
4.19
6.24
0.99
Alcohol Dependence
2.15
1.66
4.75
1.77
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
4.96
5.23
12.16
3.66
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
6.03
7.53
15.59
4.15
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.82
4.04
5.86
0.81
Serious Mental Illness'
6.847
11.04
6.11
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
3
6
7
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
33
30120
IOWA
Table C.31 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Iowa, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
106
19
Past Month Marijuana Use
83
14
94
42
37
333
45
32
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
49
10
Past Year Cocaine Use
33
1233
63
94
16
13
15
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,105
110
101
894
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
31
13
16
2
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,193
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
522
4290
44
214
936
149
344
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
979
101
89
789
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
724
42
155
527
Past Month Cigarette Use
591
37
138
416
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,607
160
190
1,257
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2323
6
9
8
34
10
13
11
Alcohol Dependence
57
7
21
30
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
156
17
56
83
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
168
22
64
82
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap"
32
9
13
10
Serious Mental Illness'
1467
35
111
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
❝ Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
34
30120
IOWA
Table C.32 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Iowa, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
4.47
7.67
13.17
2.49
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.49
5.44
11.57
1.79
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.05
4.08
4.98
1.25
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.38
1.54
4.23
0.85
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
46.42
43.55
31.54
49.45
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.31
5.02
5.08
0.11
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
50.15
17.22
67.03
51.76
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
21.94
11.64
46.62
19.01
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
41.15
40.06
27.90
43.64
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
30.44
16.56
48.68
29.15
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.83
14.56
43.15
23.03
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
67.53
63.31
59.62
69.52
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
0.95
2.19
2.87
0.44
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
1.43
3.79
4.22
0.61
Alcohol Dependence
2.40
2.71
6.45
1.64
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.56
6.80
17.46
4.60
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
7.06
8.70
20.14
4.53
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.35
3.53
4.00
0.57
Serious Mental Illness'
6.927
10.97
6.20
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
3
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4 Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
"Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
35
30120
KANSAS
Table C.33 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Kansas, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
132
Past Month Marijuana Use
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
101
1220
27
51
19
43
33333
53
39
63
12
Past Year Cocaine Use
34
2 3
155
19
32
15
223
17
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
934
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
37
ང༤
91
16
323
73
770
19
2
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,042
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
431
3335
43
186
813
25
125
281
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
900
96
92
712
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
675
40
138
497
Past Month Cigarette Use
538
31
117
390
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,464
145
182
1,136
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
27
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
43
10
Alcohol Dependence
46
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
124
13
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
152
19
5043 9
10
12
15
18
14
28
42
69
51
82
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
38
9
14
15
Serious Mental Illness'
1527
32
119
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
36
30120
KANSAS
Table C.34 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Kansas, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
6.08
11.17
17.10
3.30
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.66
8.01
14.39
2.38
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.90
4.92
6.39
1.97
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.59
1.37
4.86
1.02
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
43.24
37.66
24.45
47.51
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.78
6.49
6.29
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
48.25
17.91
62.09
50.18
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
19.94
10.54
41.59
17.36
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
41.67
40.01
30.61
43.94
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
31.22
16.57
46.07
30.66
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.88
12.98
38.91
24.06
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
67.74
60.24
60.78
70.12
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.24
2.13
3.38
0.72
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.98
4.23
5.03
1.09
Alcohol Dependence
2.15
1.65
4.72
1.75
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.75
5.52
13.98
4.27
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.02
8.02
16.93
5.05
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.77
3.67
4.76
0.94
Serious Mental Illness?
7.897
10.56
7.38
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
3
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
*0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
" Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
37
30120
KENTUCKY
Table C.35 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Kentucky, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
220
Past Month Marijuana Use
163
290
39
29
980
80
101
62
72
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana
93
Past Year Cocaine Use
60
165
16
20
32
45
26
29
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1.589
ALCOHOL
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
Past Month Alcohol Use
56
33323
135
1,322
24
28
4
1,181
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
601
3333
56
226
898
37
162
402
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,545
141
143
1,261
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,274
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,069
223
84
240
950
73
206
790
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,132
197
252
1,683
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
50
8
19
23
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
77
16
29
32
Alcohol Dependence
72
7
19
46
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
170
19
56
95
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
213
28
70
114
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
64
15
27
22
Serious Mental Illness'
2667
61
206
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
3
7
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
38
30120
KENTUCKY
Table C.36 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Kentucky, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
6.67
11.86
18.16
4.01
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.96
8.99
14.10
2.85
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.83
4.82
7.28
1.80
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.81
1.49
5.88
1.15
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
48.31
40.42
30.65
52.40
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.69
7.33
6.34
0.16
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
35.88
17.05
51.58
35.61
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.26
11.27
36.84
15.95
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
46.96
42.90
32.61
49.98
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
38.72
25.53
54.65
37.67
Past Month Cigarette Use
32.49
22.23
46.88
31.33
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
64.80
59.97
57.39
66.72
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.53
2.47
4.40
0.91
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.34
4.85
6.71
1.25
Alcohol Dependence
2.20
2.28
4.35
1.81
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.15
5.78
12.66
3.76
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.46
8.49
15.99
4.54
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.95
4.48
6.19
0.89
Serious Mental Illness?
8.997
13.68
8.17
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
39
30120
LOUISIANA
Table C.37 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Louisiana, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
236
Past Month Marijuana Use
135
2223
42
87
107
24
60
52
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana
126
25
Past Year Cocaine Use
58
6
323
43
21
390
59
32
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,699
158
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
52
88828
164
22
1440
1,377
26
4
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,615
80
299
1,237
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
788
46
199
543
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,686
180
215
1,291
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,238
68
234
936
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,050
58
210
782
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,295
248
325
1,723
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
63
10
26
26
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
97
20
41
36
Alcohol Dependence
101
11
31
59
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
231
25
76
129
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
282
36
93
153
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
84
18
38
29
Serious Mental Illness"
2557
72
183
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates
=
Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
40
30120
LOUISIANA
Table C.38 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Louisiana, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
6.66
10.22
16.61
4.10
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.82
5.81
11.41
1.98
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
3.57
6.15
8.14
2.25
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.64
1.37
3.91
1.23
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
48.01
38.84
31.25
52.82
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.48
5.31
5.02
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
45.67
19.55
57.11
47.42
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
22.27
11.28
37.94
20.82
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
47.64
44.28
40.94
49.51
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
35.00
16.63
44.69
35.90
Past Month Cigarette Use
29.68
14.17
40.12
29.98
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
64.87
60.92
61.91
66.08
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.77
2.56
4.96
1.01
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.74
4.88
7.77
1.39
Alcohol Dependence
2.85
2.76
5.83
2.27
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.52
6.17
14.52
4.96
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.98
8.95
17.72
5.87
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.37
4.32
7.22
1.10
Serious Mental Illness"
8.187
--
13.59
7.08
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
41
30120
MAINE
Table C.39 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Maine, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
89
15
Past Month Marijuana Use
76
12
2323
41
29
35
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
31
Past Year Cocaine Use
15
62
11
14
6
7
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
373
32
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
19
2272
2=0
321
11
1
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
576
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
240
1210
21
14
3383
472
57
169
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
455
38
882
38
379
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
312
18
Past Month Cigarette Use
278
15
580
60
235
56
207
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
733
68
79
587
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
15
4
6
6
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
26
7
10
10
Alcohol Dependence
24
4
7
13
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
54
7
18
29
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
71
11
24
36
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
24
7
9
8
Serious Mental Illness"
787
18
60
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
42
30120
MAINE
Table C.40 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Maine, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
8.38
13.98
26.44
4.99
Past Month Marijuana Use
7.13
11.12
23.53
4.20
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.89
5.73
8.86
1.65
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.42
2.01
4.78
0.84
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
35.22
30.16
16.57
38.63
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.71
6.47
8.52
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
54.34
19.99
67.31
56.79
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
22.65
12.84
46.25
20.40
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
42.96
36.23
31.06
45.58
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
29.46
16.54
48.49
28.29
Past Month Cigarette Use
26.21
14.11
45.24
24.93
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
69.19
63.96
63.66
70.68
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.44
3.41
4.50
0.73
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.44
6.34
7.78
1.16
Alcohol Dependence
2.22
3.58
5.38
1.58
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.13
7.03
14.74
3.47
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
6.70
10.02
19.40
4.39
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.30
6.60
7.64
0.96
Serious Mental Illness?
8.107
14.36
7.16
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
43
30120
MARYLAND
Table C.41 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Maryland, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
266
46
88
132
Past Month Marijuana Use
202
34
73
95
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
113
21
Past Year Cocaine Use
61
6
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,680
146
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
63
106
132
27
3222
33
59
20
35
1,402
5
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
2,062
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
839
210
79
302
1,681
46
188
605
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
2,002
187
200
1,614
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,186
67
210
908
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,048
59
194
795
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,944
271
321
2,353
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
68
12
23
34
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
103
23
36
44
Alcohol Dependence
92
9
27
56
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
247
23
77
148
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
304
37
94
173
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
93
21
33
39
Serious Mental Illness'
2627
58
205
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
4
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
44
30120
MARYLAND
Table C.42 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Maryland, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
6.20
10.69
17.42
3.93
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.69
7.79
14.39
2.83
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.62
4.91
6.46
1.75
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.41
1.29
3.86
1.06
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
39.12
33.73
25.97
41.81
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.56
6.23
6.27
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
48.03
18.30
59.60
50.12
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
19.54
10.57
37.09
18.04
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
46.62
43.20
39.57
48.13
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
27.62
15.56
41.52
27.07
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.40
13.59
38.23
23.70
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.58
62.49
63.38
70.15
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.59
2.67
4.52
1.01
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.40
5.39
7.07
1.30
Alcohol Dependence
2.14
2.01
5.40
1.67
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.76
5.27
15.10
4.41
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.07
8.66
18.47
5.15
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.16
4.88
6.49
1.15
Serious Mental Illness'
6.797
11.45
6.09
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
5
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
45
30120
MASSACHUSETTS
Measure
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Massachusetts, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
552
Past Month Marijuana Use
456
233
72
155
326
63
150
244
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
183
26
48
110
Past Year Cocaine Use
120
9
39
72
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,692
134
102
1,456
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
100
41
52
6
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
3,092
113
448
2,530
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
1,333
69
317
947
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,986
177
171
1,638
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,356
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,184
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
3,717
325
20 2 23
78
275
1,003
70
250
865
404
2,989
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
105
20
31
54
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
146
36
43
67
Alcohol Dependence
128
11
32
86
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
388
35
118
235
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
470
51
139
280
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
131
34
42
55
Serious Mental Illness?
3277
73
255
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
46
30120
MASSACHUSETTS
Table C.44 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Massachusetts, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
10.73
14.38
25.69
8.06
Past Month Marijuana Use
8.86
12.59
24.85
6.03
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
3.55
5.12
7.90
2.72
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.33
1.72
6.45
1.79
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
32.91
26.91
16.86
36.03
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
2.07
8.30
8.65
0.16
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
60.12
22.71
74.24
62.61
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
25.90
13.74
52.55
23.44
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
38.61
35.52
28.25
40.53
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
26.35
15.65
45.53
24.81
Past Month Cigarette Use
23.01
13.96
41.31
21.40
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
72.28
65.21
66.80
73.96
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
2.03
3.91
5.15
1.34
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.84
7.31
7.12
1.66
Alcohol Dependence
2.49
2.26
5.22
2.12
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
7.53
6.97
19.48
5.82
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
9.13
10.23
23.07
6.93
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.54
6.80
6.93
1.37
Serious Mental Illness'
7.007
12.19
6.24
-
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
47
30120
MICHIGAN
Table C.45 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Michigan, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
602
105
207
290
Past Month Marijuana Use
484
81
182
221
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
220
44
71
106
Past Year Cocaine Use
109
12
48
50
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
3,320
307
257
2,757
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
145
60
75
10
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
4,039
153
667
3,219
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
1,766
106
456
1,205
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
3,612
354
357
2,901
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
2,519
147
508
1,864
Past Month Cigarette Use
2,179
130
454
1,595
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
5,469
544
635
4,289
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
101
24
39
38
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
173
46
65
62
Alcohol Dependence
190
17
55
119
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
480
49
156
275
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
575
74
187
315
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap"
160
43
61
56
Serious Mental Illness'
5957
135
460
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
7
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
48
30120
MICHIGAN
Table C.46 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Michigan, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
7.48
12.12
19.90
4.72
Past Month Marijuana Use
6.01
9.40
17.45
3.60
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.73
5.05
6.78
1.72
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.36
1.34
4.60
0.81
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
41.24
35.57
24.66
44.84
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.88
6.98
7.18
0.16
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
50.17
17.74
64.08
52.36
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
21.93
12.23
43.78
19.60
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
44.86
41.03
34.30
47.19
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
31.29
17.04
48.84
30.32
Past Month Cigarette Use
27.06
15.12
43.60
25.93
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
67.92
63.11
61.05
69.76
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.26
2.79
3.79
0.61
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.15
5.33
6.22
1.01
Alcohol Dependence
2.37
1.91
5.24
1.94
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.96
5.63
14.97
4.48
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.14
8.58
17.94
5.12
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.99
4.99
5.89
0.91
Serious Mental Illness?
8.157
12.83
7.37
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
6
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
49
30120
MINNESOTA
1
Table C.47 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Minnesota, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
262
Past Month Marijuana Use
212
3393
52
6880
99
111
89
85
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
107
21
Past Year Cocaine Use
78
9
33333
37
49
37
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,578
167
129
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
79
32
290
1,282
42
5
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
2,319
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
956
838888
377
1,853
56
261
639
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,678
186
163
1,329
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,212
Past Month Cigarette Use
981
88888=3
265
860
77
240
664
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,686
276
333
2,076
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
50
10
22
18
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
93
22
36
35
Alcohol Dependence
99
10
37
52
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
246
28
91
127
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
292
40
103
149
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
89
20
35
34
Serious Mental Illness"
2907
:
70
220
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
6
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
50
30120
MINNESOTA
Table C.48 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Minnesota, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
6.57
11.70
18.41
3.69
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.33
8.77
16.44
2.84
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.68
4.79
6.84
1.62
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.97
1.93
6.16
1.23
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
39.72
37.50
23.99
42.86
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
2.10
7.21
7.82
0.15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
58.36
19.81
70.12
61.94
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
24.05
12.59
48.48
21.36
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
42.23
41.90
30.34
44.41
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
30.50
19.77
49.24
28.73
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.66
17.36
44.50
22.19
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
67.59
62.19
61.92
69.41
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.27
2.27
4.06
0.62
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.34
4.99
6.61
1.18
Alcohol Dependence
2.49
2.21
6.95
1.74
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.18
6.37
16.83
4.24
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.34
8.99
19.21
4.97
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.24
4.60
6.46
1.13
Serious Mental Illness'
8.197
12.98
7.33
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate
2
=
{(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
51
30120
MISSISSIPPI
Table C.49 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Mississippi, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
128
23
Past Month Marijuana Use
87
343
14
50
50
55
40
33
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
Past Year Cocaine Use
33030
61
223
22
21
27
13
15
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,221
123
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
33
313
135
963
14
17
3
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
736
33
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
413
22
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
32
151
553
99
291
1,152
125
152
876
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
763
Past Month Cigarette Use
599
222
42
140
581
32
116
451
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,550
163
217
1,170
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
34
6
13
15
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
52
11
21
21
Alcohol Dependence
64
5
16
43
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
130
13
38
79
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
164
19
50
95
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap"
45
11
18
16
Serious Mental Illness'
1607
43
118
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3
4
6
7
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
52
30120
MISSISSIPPI
Table C.50 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Mississippi, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
5.65
8.89
15.39
3.28
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.83
5.55
12.18
1.96
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.69
4.76
6.57
1.63
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.31
0.91
3.92
0.87
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
54.07
48.03
41.28
57.45
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.50
5.40
5.13
0.17
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
32.60
12.75
46.26
32.98
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.27
8.73
30.46
17.36
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
51.04
48.74
46.63
52.24
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
33.80
16.46
42.97
34.66
Past Month Cigarette Use
26.52
12.53
35.53
26.91
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.65
63.77
66.68
69.77
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.49
2.29
4.00
0.89
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.30
4.18
6.34
1.23
Alcohol Dependence
2.81
1.93
4.84
2.55
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.73
4.93
11.60
4.72
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.25
7.48
15.21
5.68
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.99
4.26
5.64
0.94
Serious Mental Illness"
8.047
13.01
7.06
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
53
30120
MISSOURI
Table C.51
Measure
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Missouri, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
257
48
Past Month Marijuana Use
200
35
220
90
120
77
88
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
103
22
Past Year Cocaine Use
56
27
31
49
23
26
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
2,001
191
168
1,642
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
74
32
37
5
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
2,113
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
905
8888
87
355
1,670
58
231
616
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,909
183
191
1,534
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,502
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,252
888
83
292
1,128
69
257
927
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
3,093
305
364
2,424
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
48
10
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
76
18
Alcohol Dependence
100
089
220
19
31
28
33
58
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
250
27
86
136
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
300
39
103
158
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
69
16
29
23
Serious Mental Illness'
2997
76
223
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
6
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
54
30120
MISSOURI
Table C.52 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Missouri, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
5.67
9.94
15.07
3.47
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.42
7.31
12.96
2.55
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.28
4.61
5.29
1.43
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.23
1.40
3.82
0.77
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
44.22
39.59
28.27
47.59
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.67
6.67
6.28
0.13
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
46.66
18.01
59.72
48.42
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
19.97
12.02
38.80
17.86
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
42.16
37.86
32.14
44.48
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
33.17
17.16
49.05
32.69
Past Month Cigarette Use
27.65
14.20
43.14
26.87
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.32
63.19
61.12
70.27
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.06
1.99
3.29
0.55
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
1.68
3.63
5.17
0.80
Alcohol Dependence
2.20
1.92
5.48
1.68
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.50
5.63
14.53
3.94
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.61
8.00
17.35
4.58
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
6
1.51
3.27
4.95
0.68
Serious Mental Illness'
7.407
12.75
6.48
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
3
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate
=
{(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
55
30120
MONTANA
Table C.53 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Montana, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
47
11
18
18
Past Month Marijuana Use
39
8
16
15
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
Past Year Cocaine Use
13
52
230
76
7
9
6
6
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
313
30
25
259
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
15
6
8
1
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
410
16
65
329
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
176
11
47
118
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
305
31
288
246
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
233
16
Past Month Cigarette Use
174
13
42
320
50
168
119
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
537
56
63
417
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
110
10
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
19
Alcohol Dependence
20
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
58
362 ∞
4
4
7
6
8
9
8
21
30
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
65
10
23
32
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
16
5
6
5
Serious Mental Illness'
537
13
41
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
56
30120
MONTANA
Table C.54 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Montana, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
6.26
12.95
18.40
3.17
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.11
9.32
16.39
2.53
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.67
5.58
6.91
1.51
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.76
1.97
5.90
1.01
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
41.29
35.33
24.65
45.06
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.85
7.20
7.76
0.12
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
54.10
19.68
64.40
57.32
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
23.21
12.86
46.99
20.58
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
40.15
37.04
27.88
42.74
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
30.72
18.70
49.56
29.19
Past Month Cigarette Use
22.95
15.30
42.26
20.70
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
70.74
67.30
63.21
72.55
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.36
3.07
4.06
0.64
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.50
7.09
6.82
1.08
Alcohol Dependence
2.57
2.62
7.94
1.63
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
7.69
9.71
20.57
5.16
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
8.60
11.65
23.09
5.64
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.12
6.23
5.99
0.85
Serious Mental Illness?
8.117
12.81
7.26
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
3
4
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
*0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
" Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
57
30120
NEBRASKA
Table C.55 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Nebraska, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
Past Month Marijuana Use
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
Past Year Cocaine Use
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
85
63
14
51
10
20
24
20
20
26
20
28
828
17
62
97
13
∞
8
30
570
24
000
60
10
133333
52
457
1
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
739
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
312
33223
131
575
21
90
201
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
533
55
54
423
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
428
Past Month Cigarette Use
334
288 28
97
303
24
84
226
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
907
92
111
704
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
16
3
6
6
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
25
6
10
9
Alcohol Dependence
35
4
11
20
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
101
11
36
55
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
114
14
41
6
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
22
6
9
2587
Serious Mental Illness'
907
23
68
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
7
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
58
30120
NEBRASKA
Table C.56 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Nebraska, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
4.63
8.98
12.43
2.53
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.69
6.68
10.59
1.96
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.05
3.91
4.86
1.25
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.27
1.40
3.81
0.78
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
41.70
39.11
27.47
44.72
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.75
6.29
6.56
0.13
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
54.05
21.54
68.59
56.22
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
22.80
13.68
47.26
19.63
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
38.96
35.55
28.48
41.42
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
31.28
18.10
50.73
29.66
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.44
15.70
44.16
22.09
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
66.30
59.47
57.87
68.89
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.16
2.25
3.31
0.60
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.79
4.18
5.04
0.83
Alcohol Dependence
2.53
2.64
5.76
1.92
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
7.39
7.06
18.65
5.35
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
8.28
9.34
21.38
5.70
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.62
3.63
4.81
0.73
Serious Mental Illness'
7.477
11.68
6.67
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
59
30120
NEVADA
Table C.57 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Nevada, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
113
19
Past Month Marijuana Use
80
15
95
33
61
27
39
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
50
Past Year Cocaine Use
34
94
9
14
11
220
27
19
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
628
52
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
27
12
320
223
50
526
12
2
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
824
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
369
220
31
114
679
79
270
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
703
66
74
563
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
510
Past Month Cigarette Use
446
22 23
25
888888
86
398
78
344
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,071
100
124
846
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
26
5
9
13
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
46
9
15
22
Alcohol Dependence
36
3
11
22
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
95
10
29
57
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
121
16
35
70
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
41
8
14
19
Serious Mental Illness'
1027
25
76
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
60
30120
NEVADA
Table C.58 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Nevada, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
7.27
12.00
17.60
5.04
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.17
9.32
14.16
3.23
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
3.24
5.64
7.62
2.25
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.16
2.33
5.93
1.55
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
40.39
32.82
26.79
43.49
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.84
7.90
6.54
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
52.98
19.63
60.40
56.19
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
23.75
12.92
41.77
22.36
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
45.19
41.51
39.39
46.57
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
32.76
15.86
45.81
32.95
Past Month Cigarette Use
28.64
14.50
41.55
28.48
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.83
63.49
66.03
69.96
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.70
3.08
4.65
1.06
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.94
5.81
7.70
1.83
Alcohol Dependence
2.33
1.86
5.87
1.85
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.12
6.14
15.14
4.71
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.78
9.88
18.62
5.82
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.63
5.30
7.41
1.53
Serious Mental Illness?
7.307
13.21
6.35
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
61
30120
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Table C.59 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New Hampshire, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
82
15
Past Month Marijuana Use
71
13
33
20
30
26
3333
36
32
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
34
Past Year Cocaine Use
18
72
11
17
16
69
Once a Month
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
335
30
19
8
3203
281
10
1
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
613
25
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
222
215
81
507
14
55
154
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
395
39
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
299
20
Past Month Cigarette Use
263
18
5555
309
326
224
52
193
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
703
68
75
560
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
15
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
24
Alcohol Dependence
23
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
61
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
74
10
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
23
372706
6
5
9
9
7
14
20
34
24
40
8
8
Serious Mental Illness'
617
14
47
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
7
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
62
30120
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Table C.60 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in New Hampshire, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25 26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
8.02
14.00
25.47
4.58
Past Month Marijuana Use
6.97
11.79
22.01
4.04
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
3.32
6.31
9.50
1.98
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.80
1.92
6.20
1.12
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
32.86
27.51
19.60
35.59
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
2.01
7.29
8.33
0.16
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
60.20
22.60
68.36
64.13
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
21.85
12.90
46.01
19.43
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
38.77
35.65
25.43
41.20
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
29.33
18.25
45.83
28.36
Past Month Cigarette Use
25.80
16.41
43.67
24.40
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
69.01
62.32
62.92
70.84
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.44
2.84
5.14
0.69
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.40
6.37
7.54
1.08
Alcohol Dependence
2.28
2.05
6.16
1.73
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.99
6.60
16.54
4.32
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.23
9.43
19.84
5.03
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
6
2.22
5.98
6.98
0.99
Serious Mental Illness'
6.637
11.93
5.85
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
❝ Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
63
30120
NEW JERSEY
Table C.61 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New Jersey, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
390
Past Month Marijuana Use
299
888
58
144
188
39
119
141
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana
166
Past Year Cocaine Use
88
2270
29
3365
52
85
46
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
2,876
240
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
91
3636
206
2,430
48
7
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
3,606
115
470
3,021
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
1,438
71
301
1,066
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
3,240
281
273
2,686
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,770
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,560
883
93
334
1,343
83
301
1,177
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
5,043
414
511
4,117
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
71
11
31
29
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
118
23
49
45
Alcohol Dependence
141
9
30
103
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
367
29
96
242
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
423
41
122
261
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
110
20
46
45
Serious Mental Illness'
3897
85
304
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
❝ Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
64
30120
NEW JERSEY
Table C.62 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in New Jersey, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
5.79
8.84
18.76
3.54
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.43
6.04
15.43
2.65
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.46
4.37
6.75
1.60
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.31
1.07
4.64
0.86
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
42.63
36.77
26.74
45.64
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.38
5.52
6.22
0.13
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
53.44
17.65
61.14
56.72
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
21.32
10.92
39.07
20.02
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
48.01
43.01
35.50
50.43
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
26.23
14.25
43.38
25.22
Past Month Cigarette Use
23.13
12.67
39.08
22.10
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
74.73
63.41
66.47
77.32
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.06
1.73
4.02
0.55
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.75
3.59
6.42
0.85
Alcohol Dependence
2.09
1.37
3.84
1.93
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.44
4.48
12.46
4.55
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.28
6.26
15.86
4.89
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.63
2.99
5.94
0.84
Serious Mental Illness'
6.377
11.22
5.68
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
65
30120
NEW MEXICO
Table C.63 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New Mexico, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
108
23
Past Month Marijuana Use
87
223
20
23230
29
3333
53
38
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana
40
Past Year Cocaine Use
41
96
8
12
6
15
23
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
579
50
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
29
330
56
15
520
12
473
2
22 23
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
699
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
329
22
31
113
555
23
82
225
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
721
69
77
575
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
443
Past Month Cigarette Use
373
32
233
34
888
89
320
80
261
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,018
109
129
780
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
23
5
7
10
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
38
11
12
15
Alcohol Dependence
41
5
13
24
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
103
14
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
123
20
33333
57
37
66
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
33
10
11
12
Serious Mental Illness'
917
21
71
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
66
30120
NEW MEXICO
Table C.64 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in New Mexico, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
7.46
13.53
15.97
4.88
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.97
11.59
14.11
3.53
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.75
4.48
5.86
1.89
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.79
3.27
7.25
1.87
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
39.88
29.33
27.52
43.90
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
2.13
8.80
5.99
0.15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
48.10
17.96
55.12
51.57
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
22.68
13.31
40.01
20.87
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
49.62
40.39
37.63
53.37
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
30.46
19.82
43.21
29.73
Past Month Cigarette Use
25.69
18.59
39.04
24.28
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
70.09
63.59
62.95
72.48
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.57
3.21
3.39
0.96
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.65
6.58
5.85
1.41
Alcohol Dependence
2.84
2.96
6.12
2.20
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
7.12
8.22
15.95
5.27
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
8.47
11.47
18.09
6.17
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.28
5.82
5.45
1.11
Serious Mental Illness?
7.337
10.45
6.74
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
67
30120
NEW YORK
Table C.65 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in New York, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
1,010
140
351
519
Past Month Marijuana Use
784
108
317
358
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
416
55
118
244
Past Year Cocaine Use
246
18
91
137
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
6,408
490
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
212
888e
482
5,436
107
17
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
7,275
258
1,100
5,917
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
2,927
151
725
2,050
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
7,202
658
675
5,869
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
3,780
198
746
2,837
Past Month Cigarette Use
3,448
181
695
2,572
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
10,859
917
1,216
8,726
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
233
31
93
109
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
373
56
150
167
Alcohol Dependence
333
26
99
208
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
775
61
270
444
Alcohol or Illicit Drug¹ Dependence or Abuse
1,006
93
355
559
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
337
50
144
143
Serious Mental Illness'
9987
214
784
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
3
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
6
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
889
30120
NEW YORK
Table C.66 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in New York, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
6.79
9.57
19.32
4.48
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.27
7.42
17.46
3.09
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.80
3.74
6.48
2.10
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.65
1.26
5.01
1.18
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
43.07
33.52
26.54
46.86
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.49
6.01
5.90
0.15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
48.90
17.64
60.52
51.01
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
19.67
10.37
39.89
17.67
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
48.41
45.05
37.15
50.60
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
25.41
13.55
41.02
24.46
Past Month Cigarette Use
23.18
12.36
38.25
22.18
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
72.99
62.81
66.87
75.23
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.56
2.14
5.09
0.94
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.50
3.80
8.25
1.44
Alcohol Dependence
2.24
1.77
5.44
1.80
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.21
4.18
14.87
3.83
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.76
6.35
19.52
4.82
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.26
3.45
7.90
1.23
Serious Mental Illness?
7.387
11.83
6.69
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
6
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
69
30120
NORTH CAROLINA
Table C.67 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in North Carolina, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
500
65
Past Month Marijuana Use
368
44
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
183
34
Past Year Cocaine Use
98
8
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
2,679
246
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
100
40
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
2,434
89
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
1,078
56
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
2,997
290
གས ཞེན ཚེཥི ཤྩ ཙ
143
292
122
202
50
98
35
55
184
2,250
53
7
394
1,951
250
772
304
2,404
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
2,065
116
366
1,584
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,750
97
321
1,331
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
4,194
390
467
3,337
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
80
13
27
40
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
126
24
46
56
Alcohol Dependence
140
11
39
90
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
264
24
81
158
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
328
38
101
189
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
110
22
41
46
Serious Mental Illness?
4167
88
329
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3
4
6
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
70
30120
NORTH CAROLINA
Table C.68 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in North Carolina, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
7.89
9.97
18.47
5.94
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.80
6.67
15.80
4.11
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.88
5.25
6.43
2.01
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.55
1.29
4.49
1.12
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
42.29
37.48
23.72
45.86
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.62
6.05
6.83
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
38.42
13.57
50.91
39.77
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
17.02
8.51
32.29
15.75
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
47.30
44.20
39.20
48.99
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
32.60
17.64
47.24
32.28
Past Month Cigarette Use
27.61
14.75
41.50
27.14
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
66.19
59.57
60.23
68.02
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.26
1.92
3.54
0.81
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
1.99
3.60
5.93
1.15
Alcohol Dependence
2.21
1.61
5.08
1.84
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
4.16
3.62
10.51
3.23
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
5.17
5.75
13.04
3.86
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.73
3.40
5.35
0.94
Serious Mental Illness'
7.377
11.34
6.74
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
71
30120
NORTH DAKOTA
Table C.69 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in North Dakota, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
22
Past Month Marijuana Use
223
5
9
7
17
4
8
6
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
11
3
4
5
Past Year Cocaine Use
8
1
4
4
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
238
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
11
24
23
19
196
6
0
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
301
15
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
152
11
55435
3=
57
229
97
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
195
22
20
153
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
163
Past Month Cigarette Use
134
14 2
333
38
111
35
87
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
358
3377
46
274
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
50
1
8
2
Alcohol Dependence
14
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
45
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
49
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
8
2562
235
18
21
21
3
Serious Mental Illness'
347
10
25
232222
7
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
72
30120
NORTH DAKOTA
Table C.70 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in North Dakota, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
4.11
8.60
12.12
1.88
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.31
6.36
10.34
1.48
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.16
4.28
5.02
1.28
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.59
1.75
5.02
0.91
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
45.41
37.99
25.05
50.48
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.99
7.37
7.49
0.12
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
57.36
24.72
75.47
58.81
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
29.04
17.88
59.31
24.88
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
37.21
36.38
26.36
39.44
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
31.11
23.56
50.59
28.48
Past Month Cigarette Use
25.54
19.90
46.34
22.37
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.24
62.66
61.00
70.48
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
0.92
1.93
2.73
0.41
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.57
4.11
4.25
0.67
Alcohol Dependence
2.57
2.71
6.75
1.74
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
8.51
9.15
24.15
5.39
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
9.33
10.65
27.09
5.69
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.43
3.56
4.02
0.61
Serious Mental Illness?
7.507
12.99
6.44
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
3
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
73
30120
OHIO
Measure
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Ohio, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
550
91
202
257
Past Month Marijuana Use
428
67
174
186
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
233
44
76
113
Past Year Cocaine Use
126
11
32
52
63
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
3,774
357
317
3,101
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
142
60
73
9
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
4,388
158
733
3,498
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
2,017
103
520
1,394
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
3,971
403
393
3,175
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
3,161
174
604
2,383
Past Month Cigarette Use
2,708
147
529
2,032
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
6,135
592
713
4,831
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug¹ Dependence
105
20
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
178
40
755
45
40
67
71
Alcohol Dependence
202
15
65
121
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
476
44
166
266
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
583
68
203
311
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
157
35
63
59
Serious Mental Illness'
6357
149
486
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
3
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
7
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
74
30120
OHIO
Table C.72 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Ohio, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
5.92
9.47
16.72
3.60
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.61
6.99
14.43
2.62
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.51
4.59
6.31
1.58
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.35
1.11
4.28
0.89
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
40.62
36.97
26.22
43.56
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.58
6.24
6.01
0.12
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
47.23
16.36
60.69
49.14
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
21.71
10.64
43.10
19.59
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
42.74
41.72
32.58
44.60
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
34.02
17.99
50.07
33.47
Past Month Cigarette Use
29.15
15.24
43.79
28.55
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
66.04
61.31
59.06
67.86
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.13
2.09
3.69
0.57
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
1.91
4.10
5.59
0.99
Alcohol Dependence
2.17
1.59
5.42
1.70
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.12
4.57
13.74
3.74
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.27
7.07
16.84
4.37
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.69
3.64
5.24
0.82
Serious Mental Illness'
7.647
12.37
6.83
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
75
30120
OKLAHOMA
Table C.73 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Oklahoma, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
148
Past Month Marijuana Use
97
220
30
30306
50
68
42
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
82
Past Year Cocaine Use
3333
16
35
64
2365
39
13
17
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,313
122
133
1,058
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
44
21
20
3
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,037
48
199
791
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
503
32
138
333
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,324
125
145
1,055
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
948
55
174
718
Past Month Cigarette Use
737
46
150
540
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,817
184
224
1,408
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
37
7
14
16
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
62
14
22
26
Alcohol Dependence
73
6
21
46
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
163
15
50
97
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
193
23
58
112
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
51
13
21
17
Serious Mental Illness'
2537
54
199
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
76
30120
OKLAHOMA
Table C.74 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Oklahoma, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
5.40
9.88
13.41
3.29
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.55
6.46
9.67
2.02
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.97
5.28
7.03
1.90
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.28
1.44
3.59
0.83
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
47.90
40.34
35.56
51.24
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.68
7.04
5.39
0.13
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
37.83
15.68
53.07
38.32
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.33
10.41
36.78
16.15
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
48.31
41.10
38.65
51.12
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco* Use
34.56
18.30
46.62
34.76
Past Month Cigarette Use
26.86
15.17
40.18
26.17
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
66.26
60.81
59.95
68.21
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.35
2.28
3.80
0.77
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.25
4.50
5.91
1.26
Alcohol Dependence
2.65
1.98
5.57
2.22
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.94
5.10
13.47
4.70
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.05
7.75
15.58
5.41
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.86
4.20
5.60
0.84
Serious Mental Illness'
10.367
--
14.10
9.66
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
77
30120
OREGON
Table C.75 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Oregon, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
246
Past Month Marijuana Use
203
2546
34
233
84
128
73
104
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana
89
Past Year Cocaine Use
44
34
15
29
19
45
21
34 235
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
939
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
44
6589
19
22220
71
779
3
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,380
43
209
1,129
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
510
27
133
350
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,215
115
110
989
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
808
38
162
608
Past Month Cigarette Use
653
33
141
479
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,002
192
232
1,578
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
46
7
18
20
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
73
16
26
31
Alcohol Dependence
73
6
20
47
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
165
15
49
101
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
207
25
65
116
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
64
15
24
26
Serious Mental Illness'
1917
45
146
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
78
30120
OREGON
Table C.76 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Oregon, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
8.73
12.11
23.50
5.89
Past Month Marijuana Use
7.19
9.07
20.43
4.80
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
3.15
5.18
8.10
2.09
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.57
1.58
5.17
0.98
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
33.43
31.60
19.89
35.87
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.68
6.61
6.28
0.15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
49.16
15.18
58.42
52.00
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.14
9.57
37.24
16.13
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
43.25
40.98
30.82
45.56
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
28.76
13.47
45.31
28.03
Past Month Cigarette Use
23.21
11.83
39.28
22.05
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
71.27
68.35
64.74
72.70
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.61
2.60
4.98
0.94
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.60
5.74
7.38
1.42
Alcohol Dependence
2.59
2.22
5.49
2.17
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.85
5.45
13.59
4.64
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.33
8.77
18.27
5.36
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.28
5.25
6.58
1.20
Serious Mental Illness'
7.637
12.34
6.83
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
4
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
79
30120
PENNSYLVANIA
Table C.77 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Pennsylvania, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
596
96
195
305
Past Month Marijuana Use
479
73
176
230
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
274
47
85
143
Past Year Cocaine Use
165
14
61
90
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
4,547
382
313
3,852
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
140
58
73
9
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
5,042
175
729
4,138
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
2,244
110
512
1,622
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
4,215
416
364
3,434
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
3,173
172
576
2,425
Past Month Cigarette Use
2,642
147
503
1,992
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
6,845
616
711
5,518
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
131
23
47
60
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
183
38
69
75
Alcohol Dependence
231
17
63
151
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
571
52
168
351
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
673
71
201
401
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
163
35
65
63
Serious Mental Illness'
6297
134
495
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
80
30120
PENNSYLVANIA
Table C.78 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Pennsylvania, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
5.93
9.68
16.63
3.86
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.76
7.37
14.95
2.92
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.73
4.70
7.20
1.81
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.64
1.45
5.23
1.14
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
45.20
38.42
26.68
48.81
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.42
5.87
6.18
0.12
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
50.11
17.57
62.03
52.44
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
22.31
11.08
43.61
20.55
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
41.89
41.84
31.03
43.52
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
31.54
17.28
49.06
30.73
Past Month Cigarette Use
26.26
14.80
42.79
25.24
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.04
61.91
60.53
69.93
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.30
2.35
4.02
0.76
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
1.82
3.85
5.87
0.96
Alcohol Dependence
2.29
1.69
5.34
1.91
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.67
5.18
14.32
4.45
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.69
7.11
17.15
5.08
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.62
3.53
5.57
0.80
Serious Mental Illness?
6.997
11.52
6.32
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
'Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
81
30120
RHODE ISLAND
Table C.79 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Rhode Island, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
Past Month Marijuana Use
6965
67
11
9
21
323
2223
34
27
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
25
5
8
12
Past Year Cocaine Use
14
1
6
27
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
315
25
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
14
6
17
17
272
1
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
477
16
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
199
10
$$
64
397
44
145
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
353
35
30
287
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
245
Past Month Cigarette Use
222
32
13
12
==
44
188
41
169
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
580
53
63
464
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
11
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
17
Alcohol Dependence
20
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
57
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
66
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap"
15
242574
2
4
4
6
6
5
13
5
17
35
20
39
4
6
6
Serious Mental Illness'
607
12
48
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
3
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
4
6
7
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
82
30120
RHODE ISLAND
Table C.80 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Rhode Island, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
8.19
12.98
23.96
5.24
Past Month Marijuana Use
6.78
10.29
21.53
4.16
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
3.00
5.44
8.53
1.87
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.71
1.44
6.12
1.10
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
38.33
30.23
18.30
42.33
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.82
7.52
7.26
0.17
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
58.00
18.69
67.14
61.77
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
24.18
12.10
46.27
22.50
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
42.86
42.07
31.88
44.58
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
29.72
15.47
45.91
29.19
Past Month Cigarette Use
26.98
14.40
42.66
26.31
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
70.51
63.05
66.12
72.12
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.30
2.48
4.58
0.67
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.04
4.82
6.60
1.00
Alcohol Dependence
2.40
1.82
5.61
2.00
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.91
5.79
17.98
5.43
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.96
8.22
21.09
6.00
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.86
4.39
6.31
0.88
Serious Mental Illness?
8.117
13.00
7.38
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
83
30120
SOUTH CAROLINA
Table C.81 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in South Carolina, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
182
Past Month Marijuana Use
131
2220
29
21
155
61
51
530
91
59
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
86
Past Year Cocaine Use
51
44
14
2220
27
45
27
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,485
132
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
49
22222
142
1,211
24
4
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,291
48
210
1,032
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
627
31
139
457
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,527
148
167
1,213
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,010
52
167
791
Past Month Cigarette Use
835
44
151
640
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,196
208
263
1,725
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
355
6
113
16
54
13
20
22
Alcohol Dependence
73
5
18
50
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
150
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
180
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
48
422
14
46
91
53
105
12
18
18
Serious Mental Illness'
2147
51
164
--
- Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
2
4
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
84
30120
SOUTH CAROLINA
Table C.82 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in South Carolina, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
5.70
9.12
15.00
3.71
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.10
6.59
12.48
2.39
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.69
4.40
6.61
1.82
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.60
1.26
4.80
1.12
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
46.60
40.79
34.94
49.29
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.61
6.68
5.85
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
40.50
14.96
51.69
42.00
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
19.67
9.48
34.20
18.60
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
47.93
45.74
40.97
49.37
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
31.70
16.09
41.15
32.19
Past Month Cigarette Use
26.21
13.72
37.03
26.06
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
68.90
64.37
64.52
70.22
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.11
2.00
3.17
0.65
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.71
3.93
4.95
0.88
Alcohol Dependence
2.28
1.47
4.37
2.04
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
4.72
4.28
11.24
3.70
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
5.63
6.66
13.08
4.27
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap"
6
1.51
3.76
4.43
0.74
Serious Mental Illness'
7.337
11.88
6.55
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
6
7
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
85
30120
SOUTH DAKOTA
Table C.83 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in South Dakota, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
Past Month Marijuana Use
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
Past Year Cocaine Use
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
ALCOHOL
1
2223
27
6
10
10
5
9
8
13
39
3
54
53
5
4
254
27
9
24
25
24
202
0
Past Month Alcohol Use
318
14
60
244
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
149
10
41
99
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
224
25
22
22
176
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
203
15
45
143
Past Month Cigarette Use
161
13
39
109
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
395
43
52
300
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
6
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
10
Alcohol Dependence
17
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
43
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
46
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap"
9
23256 3
3
2
4
3
2
6
8
5
15
23
17
23
4
3
Serious Mental Illness'
387
10
28
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
7
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
86
30120
SOUTH DAKOTA
Table C.84 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in South Dakota, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
4.45
8.85
11.81
2.33
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.69
6.83
10.46
1.88
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.12
4.10
5.48
1.15
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.40
1.79
4.56
0.72
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
41.63
36.97
28.91
44.84
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.54
6.07
4.90
0.11
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
52.14
19.02
68.21
54.26
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
24.48
13.37
46.82
21.91
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
36.73
35.35
25.42
39.14
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
33.33
21.56
51.03
31.76
Past Month Cigarette Use
26.42
17.77
44.63
24.26
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
64.77
59.72
59.65
66.56
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.06
2.12
3.26
0.46
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.65
3.99
4.72
0.68
Alcohol Dependence
2.73
3.01
7.00
1.86
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
7.04
7.00
17.52
5.01
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
7.61
8.41
19.53
5.17
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.48
3.71
4.35
0.57
Serious Mental Illness'
7.167
11.48
6.30
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
6
7
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
87
30120
TENNESSEE
Table C.85 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Tennessee, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
286
48
91
Past Month Marijuana Use
221
35
ང°
146
78
108
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
136
27
Past Year Cocaine Use
68
8
20
39
24
33333
70
37
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
2,089
178
164
1,748
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
69
29
35
5
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
1,661
61
283
1,317
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
741
37
174
530
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
2,403
214
232
1,957
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,545
88
279
1,178
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,313
78
248
987
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
3,128
281
362
2,484
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
69
12
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
110
25
Alcohol Dependence
110
238
26
39
290
31
46
28
74
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
241
25
74
142
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
302
41
92
169
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
95
23
35
36
Serious Mental Illness'
3307
76
254
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
6
7
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
88
30120
TENNESSEE
Table C.86 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Tennessee, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
6.17
10.42
15.44
4.10
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.78
7.67
13.18
3.02
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.93
5.87
6.56
1.96
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.47
1.66
3.99
1.03
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
45.19
38.75
27.64
48.90
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.53
6.36
5.85
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
35.90
13.26
47.75
36.86
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
16.01
8.11
29.29
14.84
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
51.96
46.73
39.10
54.75
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
33.39
19.17
47.07
32.96
Past Month Cigarette Use
28.38
16.94
41.90
27.62
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
67.63
61.32
61.14
69.50
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.49
2.67
4.39
0.86
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.37
5.36
6.50
1.30
Alcohol Dependence
2.37
1.73
4.77
2.06
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.21
5.51
12.52
3.96
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.51
8.92
15.45
4.73
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.05
5.04
5.98
1.01
Serious Mental Illness?
7.977
12.90
7.16
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
89
30120
TEXAS
Table C.87 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Texas, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
861
164
326
370
Past Month Marijuana Use
588
114
246
228
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
441
Past Year Cocaine Use
313
38823
87
167
187
42
134
137
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
7,935
763
821
6,352
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
228
97
114
16
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
7,159
329
1,313
5,517
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
3,489
198
878
2,412
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
7,958
818
969
6,170
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
4,524
267
930
3,327
Past Month Cigarette Use
3,832
225
824
2,782
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
11,542
1,179
1,564
8,799
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
197
42
83
72
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
324
89
125
110
Alcohol Dependence
365
34
112
218
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
955
96
305
554
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1,112
153
367
591
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
297
81
116
101
Serious Mental Illness'
1,0327
--
274
758
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
2
3
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
90
30120
TEXAS
Table C.88 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Texas, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
5.31
8.80
13.67
3.10
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.63
6.09
10.30
1.91
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.72
4.64
7.00
1.57
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.93
2.27
5.59
1.15
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
48.99
40.86
34.36
53.18
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.47
5.22
4.77
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
44.20
17.62
54.98
46.19
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
21.54
10.63
36.77
20.20
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
49.12
43.85
40.60
51.65
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
27.93
14.31
38.95
27.85
Past Month Cigarette Use
23.65
12.08
34.52
23.29
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
71.25
63.15
65.52
73.66
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE,” AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.22
2.24
3.49
0.60
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
2.00
4.79
5.24
0.92
Alcohol Dependence
2.25
1.85
4.70
1.83
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.90
5.15
12.79
4.64
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.86
8.20
15.39
4.95
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
6
1.83
4.32
4.84
0.85
Serious Mental Illness?
7.127
11.36
6.28
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
'Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
3
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
*0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
7
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
91
30120
UTAH
Table C.89 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Utah, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
Past Month Marijuana Use
888
85
16
60
12
62
35
27
333223
21
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
47
Past Year Cocaine Use
24
93
18
12
090
20
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
763
98
120
545
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
26
11
13
2
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
491
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
242
355
25
108
359
17
77
148
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
856
113
151
592
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
320
21
93
207
Past Month Cigarette Use
285
19
85
181
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,297
173
253
870
5
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
Alcohol Dependence
20
22
5
10
7
39
10
16
13
39
5
14
21
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
85
10
37
38
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
109
15
44
50
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
33
8
14
11
Serious Mental Illness?
1217
41
80
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
92
30120
UTAH
Table C.90 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Utah, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
4.97
6.85
10.58
2.94
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.51
5.00
8.07
1.87
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.75
3.80
5.45
1.75
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.43
1.46
3.45
0.83
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
44.88
41.43
35.82
48.23
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.62
4.71
3.93
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
28.91
10.36
32.39
31.74
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
14.19
7.02
23.09
13.08
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
50.36
47.72
45.29
52.38
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
18.84
8.69
27.80
18.33
Past Month Cigarette Use
16.75
7.93
25.33
16.06
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
76.27
73.28
75.78
77.03
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.32
2.13
3.09
0.63
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.26
4.12
4.71
1.15
Alcohol Dependence
2.30
2.04
4.13
1.82
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.01
4.21
11.09
3.40
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
6.40
6.29
13.16
4.45
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.92
3.33
4.12
0.98
Serious Mental Illness?
8.30'
12.03
7.16
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
93
30120
VERMONT
Measure
Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Vermont, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
54
9
20
25
Past Month Marijuana Use
46
7
18
21
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
18
3
7
9
Past Year Cocaine Use
11
1
5
5
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
144
13
9
122
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
12
6
1
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
315
12
44
259
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
119
7
30
81
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
204
19
18
167
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
156
10
Past Month Cigarette Use
126
09
31
115
28
89
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
360
33
40
286
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
10
2
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
14
3
Alcohol Dependence
13
1
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
33
3
10
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
41
5
13
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
13
3
454035
4
6
8
19
24
945
Serious Mental Illness?
357
--
8
27
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3
4
6
7
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
94
30120
VERMONT
Table C.92 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Vermont, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
10.50
15.99
31.75
6.37
Past Month Marijuana Use
9.06
13.20
28.56
5.39
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
3.59
5.61
10.51
2.22
Past Year Cocaine Use
2.13
1.58
7.52
1.35
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
28.16
23.78
14.48
30.93
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
2.70
9.37
10.30
0.21
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
61.58
21.56
69.96
65.67
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
23.19
13.15
48.21
20.57
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
39.83
35.03
28.83
42.23
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
30.49
18.89
48.90
29.14
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.62
16.00
44.22
22.66
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
70.39
62.02
63.96
72.55
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug¹ Dependence
1.93
2.84
6.34
1.10
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.67
5.07
8.37
1.44
Alcohol Dependence
2.55
2.10
6.54
1.97
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.37
6.15
16.16
4.84
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
8.07
8.79
20.28
6.03
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.47
5.21
7.74
1.26
Serious Mental Illness'
7.657
13.34
6.75
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
' Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
95
30120
VIRGINIA
Table C.93 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Virginia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
314
48
114
152
Past Month Marijuana Use
243
32
95
116
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
146
24
Past Year Cocaine Use
86
6
3585
50
72
44
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
2,373
211
187
1,975
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
74
27
40
7
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
2,667
70
401
2,196
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
1,008
42
235
731
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
2,698
254
253
2,191
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,613
76
305
1,232
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,415
66
276
1,073
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
3,946
361
453
3,131
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE," AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
59
10
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
92
19
Alcohol Dependence
120
9
233
24
35
36
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
274
22
96
157
5335
75
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
314
32
109
173
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
87
19
33
35
Serious Mental Illness?
3917
82
309
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
96
30120
VIRGINIA
Table C.94 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Virginia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
5.54
8.48
16.14
3.46
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.28
5.76
13.46
2.63
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.57
4.33
7.07
1.62
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.52
1.11
5.00
1.01
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
41.84
37.59
26.45
44.85
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.40
4.86
5.73
0.15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
47.02
12.39
56.83
49.87
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
17.78
7.55
33.26
16.60
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
47.58
45.22
35.84
49.76
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
28.44
13.48
43.22
27.98
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.95
11.71
39.12
24.37
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
69.58
64.26
64.24
71.11
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.04
1.82
3.40
0.56
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.63
3.40
4.90
0.88
Alcohol Dependence
2.12
1.57
5.14
1.71
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
4.84
3.83
13.61
3.56
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
5.54
5.76
15.40
3.93
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.53
3.30
4.71
0.79
Serious Mental Illness'
7.627
11.35
7.01
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
2
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
5
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
97
30120
WASHINGTON
Table C.95 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Washington, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
370
57
117
196
Past Month Marijuana Use
285
48
97
139
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
141
Past Year Cocaine Use
76
210
24
48
69
29
38
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,708
164
148
1,396
ALCOHOL
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
Past Month Alcohol Use
79
35
39
5
2,392
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
903
38
81
345
1,966
51
220
632
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
2,232
198
218
1,815
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,370
72
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,120
233
249
1,049
65
221
834
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
3,430
344
426
2,660
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
87
15
26
45
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
133
28
39
65
Alcohol Dependence
117
15
32
70
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
312
37
91
184
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
400
51
111
238
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
115
24
37
54
Serious Mental Illness?
3527
--
82
270
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
"Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
98
30120
WASHINGTON
Table C.96 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Washington, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
7.73
11.44
18.79
5.36
Past Month Marijuana Use
5.95
9.56
15.69
3.81
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana¹
2.94
4.79
7.73
1.87
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.59
1.91
4.60
1.03
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
35.72
32.68
23.82
38.14
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.81
6.93
6.35
0.14
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
50.03
16.16
55.61
53.72
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.88
10.20
35.45
17.27
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
46.68
39.53
35.22
49.60
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
28.66
14.37
40.21
28.66
Past Month Cigarette Use
23.43
13.01
35.65
22.79
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
71.73
68.59
68.75
72.67
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
1.82
3.02
4.26
1.24
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
2.78
5.67
6.33
1.79
Alcohol Dependence
2.45
2.90
5.18
1.92
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.52
7.35
14.67
5.03
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
8.37
10.26
17.85
6.51
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
2.41
4.88
5.97
1.47
Serious Mental Illness'
8.257
12.96
7.43
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5
6
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
99
30120
WEST VIRGINIA
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
Past Month Marijuana Use
Table C.97 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in West Virginia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
2230
2288
34
77
14
29
61
10
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
41
Past Year Cocaine Use
21
72
13
8
21
21
11
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
741
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
20
599
56
57
628
9
1
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
560
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
280
265
24
100
436
16
73
190
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
696
58
65
574
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
576
Past Month Cigarette Use
452
30
30
105
441
26
88
339
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
1,029
888
113
830
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
20
4
7
9
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
30
7
10
13
Alcohol Dependence
36
4
10
21
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
81
9
25
47
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
94
13
30
51
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
25
6
10
9
Serious Mental Illness'
1157
25
91
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
4
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
100
30120
WEST VIRGINIA
Table C.98 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in West Virginia, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug Use
5.03
10.13
14.91
2.85
Past Month Marijuana Use
3.96
7.03
11.91
2.33
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.69
5.32
6.58
1.76
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.35
1.47
4.23
0.88
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
48.23
39.89
29.21
52.25
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.29
6.43
4.88
0.11
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
36.45
17.00
51.57
36.29
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
18.20
11.75
37.71
15.82
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
45.32
41.08
33.36
47.73
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
37.49
21.36
54.04
36.71
Past Month Cigarette Use
29.43
18.27
45.13
28.21
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
66.95
61.10
58.16
69.04
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.30
2.69
3.54
0.78
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
1.95
4.85
5.04
1.12
Alcohol Dependence
2.31
3.09
5.28
1.75
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.24
6.68
12.70
3.88
Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
6.12
8.91
15.67
4.26
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.63
4.42
4.95
0.77
Serious Mental Illness'
8.357
12.72
7.64
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
*0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
5 Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
101
30120
WISCONSIN
Table C.99 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Wisconsin, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
277
49
99
130
Past Month Marijuana Use
218
38
89
91
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana
120
21
34
Past Year Cocaine Use
74
8
30
336
66
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
1,673
167
134
1,372
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
73
32
36
5
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
2,619
100
408
2,112
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
1,242
63
293
885
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
1,728
182
174
1,372
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
1,289
89
288
913
Past Month Cigarette Use
1,062
76
257
728
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
2,977
297
362
2,318
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
48
10
18
19
Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
87
20
34
33
Alcohol Dependence
96
10
29
56
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
281
31
95
155
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
319
40
107
172
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
77
18
32
28
Serious Mental Illness'
2717
70
201
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1 Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
5
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
6 Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
7
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
102
30120
WISCONSIN
Table C.100 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Wisconsin, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug¹ Use
6.30
10.08
16.84
3.91
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.95
7.80
15.21
2.75
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana
2.74
4.26
5.71
2.00
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.68
1.62
5.06
1.09
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
38.24
34.60
22.84
41.45
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.78
6.68
6.11
0.16
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
59.84
20.67
69.37
63.80
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
28.34
13.11
49.95
26.75
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
39.47
37.63
29.65
41.45
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
29.42
18.35
49.04
27.57
Past Month Cigarette Use
24.22
15.85
43.82
22.00
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
67.99
61.64
61.56
70.03
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.08
2.11
3.11
0.58
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.98
4.20
5.77
1.00
Alcohol Dependence
2.18
2.12
4.95
1.71
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.41
6.51
16.20
4.68
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.26
8.38
18.25
5.18
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.76
3.69
5.44
0.83
Serious Mental Illness'
6.957
11.90
6.08
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
2
3
6
7
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
103
30120
WYOMING
Table C.101 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk,
Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment
Gap, and Serious Mental Illness in Wyoming, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Measure
Total
12 or Older
12-17
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
23
Past Month Marijuana Use
18
54
10
9
4
8
7
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
11
2
Past Year Cocaine Use
6
22
4
1
3
4 3
3
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
165
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
8
13
17
16
64
132
0
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
219
10
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
99
6
2 383
171
27
65
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
174
17
18
138
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
144
10
Past Month Cigarette Use
112
8
22223
102
27
77
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
270
28
35
206
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug' Dependence
5
1
2
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
8
2
4
Alcohol Dependence
10
1
4
225
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
27
11
12
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
30
6
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
7
42
4
12
14
3
42
Serious Mental Illness'
257
7
18
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
1
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
3 Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
4
6
7
Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
104
30120
WYOMING
Table C.102 Percentages Reporting Use of Selected Drugs, Perceptions of Great Risk, Average Annual Rates
of First Use of Marijuana, Past Year Substance Dependence or Abuse, Treatment Gap, and
Serious Mental Illness in Wyoming, by Age Group: 2000 and 2001
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
Measure
12 or Older
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Any Illicit Drug' Use
5.70
10.01
15.79
3.04
Past Month Marijuana Use
4.35
7.63
12.54
2.23
Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug Other Than
Marijuana'
2.57
4.77
6.78
1.40
Past Year Cocaine Use
1.52
1.57
4.70
0.88
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana
Once a Month
40.18
36.24
26.32
43.52
Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates²
1.97
6.97
6.71
0.13
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use
53.34
20.48
63.80
56.36
Past Month Binge Alcohol³ Use
24.08
13.67
45.30
21.50
Perception of Great Risk of Drinking Five or More
Drinks Once or Twice a Week
42.29
36.74
30.09
45.56
TOBACCO
Past Month Tobacco Use
35.11
21.10
53.75
33.59
Past Month Cigarette Use
27.23
16.79
44.97
25.35
Perception of Great Risk of Smoking One or More
Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
65.63
60.15
58.44
67.91
PAST YEAR DEPENDENCE, ABUSE, AND
5
TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Dependence
1.24
2.22
3.81
0.58
Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
1.94
3.97
6.07
0.81
Alcohol Dependence
2.43
2.54
6.23
1.66
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
6.48
7.67
17.74
4.07
Alcohol or Illicit Drug' Dependence or Abuse
7.38
9.17
20.25
4.56
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap
1.71
3.49
5.34
0.72
Serious Mental Illness?
7.197
12.35
6.15
--
Not available.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-
type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin,
hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
2 Average Annual Rate = {(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months)/[(Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months
* 0.5) + Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2. Both the computation components, Number of Marijuana Initiates
in past 24 months and Number of persons who never used marijuana, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes
estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at
first use.
Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By
"occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other.
* Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars,
or pipe tobacco.
6
Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV).
Illicit Drug Treatment Gap is defined as the number of persons who needed treatment in the past year but did not receive
treatment in a specialty substance abuse treatment facility.
Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV
criteria and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. SMI
estimates are based on 2001 data only. Data for SMI are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects
ages 18 or older.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
105
106
Appendix D: Tables Showing Estimated Numbers
Based on Model-Based Estimates
107
108
This
page intentionally left blank
109
30130
(continued)
Table D.1 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Any Illicit Drug, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001
NHSDAS
See notes at end of table.
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
(13 - 25)
26 12-17
18-25
18
Older
Prediction
18
Prediction
State
(9-13)
Prediction
(87 - 160)
Interval
Estimate
120
Prediction
107)
Interval
(74 90
Estimate
Estimate
Interval
Estimate
58)
(39 Interval
)
55
- 60)
(50
Total¹
18 - 28)
2,423
(7,546
15,026
5,056
)
(111
- 87)
116)
173 - 252)
(75 - ((99
73
(63)
210
34
Alabama
103
)
)
((28 - 4252
)
(245 - 341290
224)
(191 - 207
)
(38 - 53)
((8
- 409)
16
(6 - 9Alaska
326
)
45
155
((60 - 84)
21
=
222215 - 28)
)
(47
- 100)
85
Montana
59)
)
- 311)
(49
(Arizona
257
262
128
((Missouri
153)
(106 (94 - 171)
128
Mississippi
(219 - 309)
262
(49 - 88)
(Minnesota
143
21 - 30)
(121 - 168)
105
Arkansas
602
Michigan
67
25
51
72
()
552
Massachusetts
1,205
(1,955 - 2,377(312
96 - 175)
California
)
132
1,022 - 1,410)
103)
(587 2,159
(74 88
642
- 699)
(()
46
)
(222 - 316101 - 134)
266
((269 - 150
(Colorado
Maryland
- 54)
)
316
(31 )
41
49
196)
)
117
(33
(12 - 18)
15
(76 - )
104)
(59 - Connecticut
89
(170 204
99
Maine
- 144)
((35
107
70
)
(73 - 102)
87
)
6-9)
42
- 20)
8
Delaware
(23
((196 - 280)
236
48
Louisiana
()
136)
17
101
((- 93)
80
39
(3 - 5)
28 - 42)
- 260)
220
Columbia
(Kentucky
10
(District of 73)
4
34
(38 (15 - 27)
53
)
(43 - 6120
51
(22-33)
- 861)
27
771
(201 - (- 155)
(428
132
Florida
119
)
223
(105 - 135)
Kansas
(31 - 63)
45
(34 - 51)
()
136
42
(324 - Georgia
15 - 24)
394
(269)
473)
19
128)
(46 - 69)
57
(200
106
Iowa
)
(83 - 119
(57 (76 - 11138
)
11
26 - 53)
Hawaii
92
(18 71
(9-13)
)
(- 56)
46
22
((- 27)
210 - 312)
258
Indiana
417)
(290 - 349
(18 - 10
(224 - 267)
- 26)
(47 - 68)
245
34)
Idaho
)
22
57
((98 - 123110
(25
704
Illinois
or 60 139(14 - 19)
218 40 - 71 (44 - 60)
(283 - 344)
368(41 - 59112 - - 241)
29-4281(72 - 132)
40 - 5715 17 - 31)
(9 - 12)
687 246(353 - 514)
(113 - 163145 - - 87(8 - 13)
18 635 - 778)
38 16587 - 110 - 184 (32 - 46)
68 (73 - (34 - 5077 28 - 3738 - 56- 470 - 642(550 - 657)
- 214 - 30640 - 56(134 - 177)
254 95 - 11543 - 84 - 80 - 14942 (39 - 75- - (16 - 21)
110
30130
NOTE: Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
'This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.1 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Any Illicit Drug, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001
NHSDAS
613)
AGE GROUP (Years)
(Total
9
18-25
11)
12-17
26 or Older
(8 - 10
Prediction
(4 - 6Prediction
Prediction
State
)
5
Prediction
)
Estimate
Interval
(Interval
Estimate
Interval
23
Estimate
Wyoming
Estimate
130
)
Interval
(83 - 11799
49
)
- 77)
Nebraska
277
Wisconsin
)
()
34
(14
)
63
)
(24 29
24
(26
(12 - 17)
14
93)
(27 - Nevada
(63 - (94 77
West Virginia
)
)
113
)
)
79)
(196
33
(99 - 19
(136)
(46 - 61
117
(48 - 68)
57
(308 - 440)
New Hampshire
370
(69 Washington
30
82
)
36
152
15
)
)
(27 - 48)
(13 - 18)
(94 114
(26 - 35)
)
(39 - 5848
New Jersey
374)
- 465)
(261 - 188
(314
Virginia
)
(136 390
(()
144
58
)
25
(122 - 169)
(18 - 22)
20
(7 - 10)
9
(46 (27 - 39(91 - 128- 62)
)
23
54
Mexico
Vermont
New (19 ((39 33
33
)
108
(28 - 44)
)
35
53
(- 70)
12-21)
16
)
85
Utah
- 382)
New York
()
1,010
(157)
140
- 1,117)
370
326
164
861
(911 (124 - Texas
351
)
(106 - 196)
146
(519
(75 - 110)
91
143
(48
((North Carolina
286
)
120 - 168)
)
Tennessee
500
65
(7 - 15)
292
10
()
(221 - 376)
(10
)
((17 6
(4-6)
- 26)
)
((22
North Dakota
27
(7 - Dakota
9
)
South 5
()
91
(7
)
)
61
29
Ohio
(91
)
202
182
)
(213 550
South Carolina
(()
)
(257
34
(185 - 220)
(20 - 26)
23
(Oklahoma
- 13)
68
50
11
(30
148
)
(57 )
- 37)
67
Rhode Island
((- 363)
305
Oregon
(178 (28 (- 213)
195
)
246
()
34
)
84
- 107)
96
)
(537 596
128
Pennsylvania
52 11-17(19 - 29)
18 - 36- 13516 - 2340- 96325 47 - 70- 254- 28322 432 - 618418 - 59254 - 79115 - 11497 - 606)
81 - 102- 307(122 - 178)
24 41 - 61(48 - 93)
208 - 287- 41(72 - 97(97 - 166)
- 66086 253 - 799 25.- 44149 - 219(24 - 36)
51 - 7365 - 12422 - 335 - 88 - 13235 - 343)
(39 - 58)
(773 - 955)
(146 - 184)
(295 - 360)
298 - 454(68 - 10422 - 48)
19 - 33- 136(111 - 203145 - 258- 35(24 - 47(232 - 325(40 - 58)
20 - 2896 - 171)
(111
30130
(Table D.2 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Marijuana, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
)
AGE GROUP (Years)
table.
Total
15
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
)
(16
Prediction
10)
Prediction
Prediction
State
Prediction
(6 8
Interval
Interval
)
(32 - 46Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
39
Montana
Total'
Estimate
- 121)
1,794
11,433
Interval
(88
(Interval
77
)
(35
5,375
200
4,264
Missouri
(22- 47)
(46 - 71)
33
)
)
(58
22
152
Alabama
)
(32 - 4940
(72
)
14
(70 - 106)
87
Mississippi
(59 - 117)
(10 - 19)
- 41)
85
6
(74 14
(34
- 105)
- 16)
Alaska
(89
(31 - 48)
39
((- 253)
14
212
Minnesota
((56 - 115(144-220265)
221
33
)
)
(25 - 41)
(65
179
Arizona
)
165 - 199)
182
(53 - 78(72 - 91)
82
81
()
484
Michigan
)
((106
- 68)
244
16
(((87 - 128)
41
13 - 20)
Arkansas
150
(51 (- 76)
63
34-49)
(383 - 538)
50
456
Massachusetts
)
(65 - - 258)
95
531
(California
(60 - 87)
1,578
73
668 - 986)
231
((- 42)
34
((162 - 247)
816
202
Maryland
(26 - 46)
116
(213 - 35
300)
(25 - 156)
98
Colorado
33)
29
(83 - 113)
254
(84 40
(- 14)
)
12
(64 - 89)
76
Maine
(34 - (140 - 203)
170
75)
52
(23 ()
(48 - )
60
Connecticut
29
62
)
)
)
(24
79
166)
(135
Louisiana
33 - 48)
(51 14 - 26)
((- 98)
Delaware
6
72
(5 - 7)
40
)
(15
62
19
)
(29
()
20 - 31)
135 - 195)
3
163
- 10)
Kentucky
(8
(27 - 25
((2 - 3)
54)
(39
(14
43
(15 - 24)
19
- 402)
103)
((183
)
(528 - 679)
101
)
(600
Florida
90
Kansas
)
((21 - 47327
32
)
37
(- 18)
14
146
)
(83
()
Georgia
Iowa
(55 37
113
)
296
- 115)
81
)
(75
(102 - (37
201)
(- 237)
(43 - 70)
193
(14 18
Indiana
(6 - 11)
(203 - 301)
)
9
55
Hawaii
- 22)
248
(199 - 29
238)
218
(84
(496 - 610)
551
37 - 57)
Illinois
16 - 24)
8
((19
- 10)
(46
Idaho
20
((121 - 187)
16 - 2850 - 10129 5 - 8)
12 35 1,407 - 1,763)
205 (480 - 586)
(32 - 49- - 35(52 - 7456 - 108(13 - 18)
District of Columbia
7 10 - 2078 - 163 - 204263 239 - 36229-47(92 - 13719 - 436 13 - 27)
(74 - 96)
155 29 - 47)
61 - 92(66 - 102)
10 (30 - 4583 - 12235 - 52)
24 - 3651 - 74109 - 18 - 307310 27 134130 - 172)
182 - 319438 - 533183 - 176 (11 - 18(163 - 242)
28 - 4463 - 93)
62 - 14 - 19(10 - 21)
See notes at end of continued112
30130
This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.2 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Marijuana, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
1
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
(Older
12-17
18-25
7
)
Prediction
26 State
(Prediction
8
Estimate
Prediction
Prediction
(3 - 5)
Interval
Estimate
4
22)
(15 Interval
18
Estimate
Wyoming
Estimate
Interval
Interval
91
(106)
89
46)
(38
- 62)
218
(13 - 29)
(Wisconsin
(Nebraska
(8 - 13)
(51
28
10
20
()
20
23
12)
(8 - 10
- 33)
48 - 75)
()
(21 98)
Nevada
(61
West ((12 - 18)
80
15
Virginia
39
27
)
(99 139
(80 )
97
(New Hampshire
39 - 58)
- 84)
48
13
()
(- 31)
285
71
((Washington
26
(82 - 32
158)
116
(New Jersey
)
(31 - 49)
(243 95
(119
)
32
299
39
)
(198 - 295)
243
141
Virginia
)
(16 - 28(26 - 53)
20
21
)
(16 87
New 38
(24 - 35)
Mexico
(71 - 105)
)
18
6-8)
((7
29
)
(40 - 46
Vermont
317
(- 868)
358
21
((- 347)
34)
New 108
784
York
)
(27
9 - 16)
((289 12
47 - 75)
(60
Utah
)
(299 Carolina
North (- 291)
228
- 145)
(34 - 44
368
)
(218 - 276246
- 446)
(131)
55)
(98 - 202
122
114
)
(519 - 662588
Texas
(6 )
(76 - 149)
()
108
(3 - 5)
17
(North Dakota
)
78
)
8
4
6
(35
)
221
Tennessee
(6 - 12)
(385 - 475)
8
Ohio
174
9
4-6)
- 228)
186
(59 - 77)
(428
67
(151 (158 - 191)
5
)
(18 23
Dakota
South (28 - 6020
(36
- 83)
Oklahoma
59
- 122)
)
)
(97
)
)
42
(((15 - 2651
21
)
(131
South Carolina
(19 - (76 - Oregon
36)
(62 - 8527
104
203
(17 - (24)
(168 - 241)
)
)
26
73
21
- 11)
(7 9
(46 - 66)
56
)
193)
Pennsylvania
Island
73
Rhode (230
(429 - 534)
(479
(176
or 41 16 - 25)
65 - 28 - 5360 11 - 15)
22 (23 - 42)
- 364(98 - 142)
(98 - 19716 - 24706 94 - 124(292 - 435)
102 (146 - 27114 - 21- 104 - 977 28 - 4520 - 32)
13864 - 83)
159 - 188 - 280105 - 160(17 - 27)
42 - 6140 - 28(7 - 12)
(179 - 270(28 - 4463 - 95)
176 21 - 13 - 32)
54- 2025 - 41)
77 - 116233 - 344- 117- 19019 - 2819 - 40)
(180 - 259)
30 - 74 - - 6-965 - 124)
(5 - 9)
113
30130
(Table D.3 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, by Age Group and State:
Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
continued)
AGE GROUP (Years)
See Total
(237 - 281)
26 or Older
18-25
12-17
259
28)
(22 Prediction
25
Prediction
Prediction
State
Prediction
)
(Estimate
30
Estimate
(290 - 337)
Estimate
Interval
Estimate
313
Interval
Total¹
Interval
Montana
)
96,292
8,637
1,642
(148 - 189)
168
191
Interval
(1,860 2,146)
-
79,334
2,001
Missouri
8,321
1,034)
(891 (1,403 )
158
1,853
963
(()
135
)
(Alabama
172
)
()
(123
1,524
)
(1,221
Mississippi
(1,166 )
- 1,400)
138
20
(1,282
Alaska
125 - 151)
(16
)
174
147)
129
((182)
((167
)
1,702)
(1,457 1,578
Minnesota
(2,626 - 2,889)
(1,572 2,757
155
(239 - - 1,818)
1,508)
275)
133 - 165)
(1,274 - 1,694
Arizona
257
149
(1,390
(- 324)
307
(3,184 3,458)
3,320
Michigan
- 100)
(81 1,456
120)
()
(85 - 863
1,041
102
)
(974 - 1,110Arkansas
)
)
89
(118 - 15189
(798 - 927134
(1,534 1,857)
·
1,692
Massachusetts
)
8,713
)
)
(1,270 - 1,5371,402
(10,847
(977
)
California
((8,277 - 9,153)
116 - 148)
132
1,156
131 - 161)
(146
(1,542 1,680
Maryland
(871 - 1,076116)
(Colorado
292 - 350)
)
(321
103
1,170
(80 - 110)
(972
17 - 25)
94
20
(28 - 36)
32
)
((862 - 373
942
724 - 880)
Maine
)
((Connecticut
1,377
801
63
)
78
183)
(164
158
)
(1,699
(214 - 252Louisiana
)
()
Delaware
1,219 - 1,423)
233
(174 - 193
1,322
(()
20
135
20
(17 (121 - 145)
133
- 23)
(1,483 - )
1,696)
1,589
Kentucky
11 - 14)
(770
14)
()
(13
(63 164
District of Columbia
73
(11 - 100)
12
(82 - 139
)
91
1,003)
(934
Kansas
966)
5,067
(894
480
)
(501
6,048
509)
Florida
(90 - )
101
(101 - 120)
(452 - 110
)
(1,105
Iowa
2,385
(1,803
(248
(250
164 - 212)
)
2,883
Georgia
- 270)
187
(190 - 227)
()
209
(2,199
Indiana
(- 3,584)
(25 - 378
3,425
)
)
((345 - 412(289 - 353)
Hawaii
363
29
28
(321
382
)
()
4,170
Illinois
333 - 390)
(42 - 53)
361
(51
47
Idaho
459
1,727 - 1,980144 - 171153 - 192)
- 1,643160 - 18818 - 2214 - 18(137 - 174)
- 9779 (10,400 - 11,298929 - 1,0271,090 - 1,224(1,064 - 1,279)
92 - 1,024(69 - 87)
54 - 7318 - 23211150 - 178)
125 - 1525,813 - 6,284476 - 527)
(4,835 - 5,298)
2,677 - 3,093226 220 - 282)
(2,187 - 2,58432(25 - 34)
(430 - 490)
(46 - 56)
4,007 - 4,333363 - 402)
339 - 3873,267 2,042 - 2,358)
(1,655 - 1,953)
1,029 - 1,181112(823 - 867 - - 84(705 - 835)
120 - 1491,592 - 1,806(144 - 173)
145 - 1,277 - 1,477)
(343 - 404- 1,821)
(1,304 - 1,613)
290 - 151 - 112 - 1,144 - 1,297113 - 133121 - 148- (174 - 209)
(1,507 - 1,77827 - 33- notes at end of table.
114
30130
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.3 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, by Age Group and State:
Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
Total
)
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
(18-25
132
1,372
Prediction
State
)
Prediction
Estimate
(Prediction
16
Prediction
Interval
(17
Interval
Estimate
153 - 178)
(165
Interval
Interval
Wyoming
134
(Estimate
Estimate
151 - 183)
167
(1,541 - 1,812)
(55 1,673
(530 - (419 - 496Wisconsin
)
Nebraska
)
)
()
60
611)
570
628
52
(46 57
(51 - 61)
56
457
()
741
West Virginia
572)
677)
Nevada
(1,396
(()
628
)
((44 - 57)
148
52
(46 - 58(147 - 181)
50
164
1,556 1,864)
526
(1,708
Washington
New Hampshire
1,975
(252 - 312)
281
(20 335
((187
304 - 367)
(193 - 230)
30
(27)
211
)
23
33)
(2,373
Virginia
)
(122
New (2,230 - 2,633)
Jersey
8 - 11)
- 234)
206
240
9
15)
220 - 261)
()
2,876
2,430
13
)
(((130 - 159(144
Vermont
)
(545
473
44 - 56)
(535 - 120
(89 - 107)
624)
New )
98
56
Mexico
((711 - 815)
579
763
50
Utah
()
((6,084 6,352
(775 - 867)
821
6,146
(6,408
5,436
)
(763
)
6,671(5,179 )
()
450 - 516)
New York
(463 - 5177,935
490
)
Texas
(1,606 - 1,890)
482
(1,748
)
(164
)
(- 2,438)
(178
- 210)
)
2,875)
(2,679
2,487
184
North Carolina
(2,089
Tennessee
(185 2,250
246
((- 219)
202
(22 - 29)
25
(- 29)
27
North 273)
)
23
(Dakota
(182 - 211(21 - (223 254
238
South Dakota
(- 254)
)
- 1,309)
25)
1,211
(- 158)
19
196
(142
120 - 144)
(132
1,485
3,101
South Carolina
(2,955 - 3,247)
- 298)
)
357
(3,774
Ohio
((317
272
17
)
(23 - 25
)
(289 1,313
315
133
Oklahoma
)
Island
Rhode - 135)
122
(3,680 - 4,024)
3,852
(149)
(292 - 335)
313
((1,058
364 - 401)
Oregon
382
(4,547
939
(Pennsylvania
779
)
)
61 - 83)
(89
71
26 or Older
- 66- 59580 - 481 - 27 - - (2,668 3,087179 49 - 64431 - 515)
- 5,693224 - 268)
159 2,064 17 - 22(3,624 - 3,925)
339 - 375295 - 339)
(1,226 - 1,400110 118 - (976 - 1,140)
847 - 1,03579 - 99(691 - 869)
(4,373 - 4,723)
- 34228(15 - 21)
247 (1,382 - 1,589)
127 1,113 235 - 24 1,941 - 2,241161 - 195142 - 1877,659 - 8,212727 - 798- 6,619(107 - 132)
499 - 59111 - 109 - 1362,204 - 2,544162 - 212)
(1,813 - 2,138)
128 - 1691,252 - 1,545)
694 - 788(50 - 64)
583 - 67315 - 19)
116 - 154)
(14181,245 - 1,502)
(121 - 144115
Prediction
(continued)
Interval
(0 - 1)
4)
5)
(0 0)
4)
(1 - 4)
-
(1 - 3)
-
(11 - 29)
(1-5)
(1 - 5)
9)
(1 - 3)
-
1)
-
(2 - 6)
(2 - 5)
(0 - 1)
1)
(5 - 13)
4)
9)
-
-
(1 - 5)
(0 - 1)
(1 - 2)
(0 - 1)
3)
(4 - 11)
-
(2 - 6)
Table D.4 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, by Age Group and State: Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
AGE GROUP (Years)
18-25
30130
Total
12-17
26 or Older
State
Estimate
Prediction
Interval
Total'
2,345
Estimate
1,266
Prediction
Interval
Prediction
Estimate
Interval
Estimate
923
156
Alabama
35
(30 - 41)
17
(14 - 21)
15
(12 - 19)
2
(1
Alaska
6
(5 - 7)
4
(3 - 5)
2
(2 - 3)
0
Arizona
42
(35 - 49)
25
(21 - 31)
14
(10 - 18)
3
Arkansas
23
(20 - 27)
12
(10 - 15)
9
(7 - 12)
2
California
263
(240 - 288)
149
(134 - 164)
96
(81 - 114)
18
Colorado
38
(32 - 45)
23
(19 - 27)
13
(9 - 17)
3
Connecticut
27
(23 - 32)
16
(13 - 19)
10
(7 - 12)
2
Delaware
8
(7 - 9)
4
(4 - 5)
3
(2 - 4)
District of Columbia
4
(4 - 5)
2
(1 - 2)
2
(2-3)
Florida
114
(103 - 125)
67
(60 - 76)
38
(32 - 45)
8
Georgia
62
(52 - 72)
31
(26 - 38)
26
(20 - 33)
Hawaii
10
(8 - 12)
6
(5-7)
4
(3 - 5)
100∞050
(0
(3
Idaho
12
(10 - 14)
6
(5 - 8)
5
(4-6)
1
Illinois
111
(101 - 121)
59
(53 - 66)
45
(38 - 51)
7
Indiana
50
(43 - 59)
28
(23 - 33)
19
(15 - 25)
Iowa
23
(20 - 28)
12
(9 - 14)
10
(8 - 13)
1
(1
Kansas
26
(22 - 30)
14
(11 - 17)
11
(8 - 14)
1
Kentucky
38
(3344)
20
(17 - 24)
15
(12 - 19)
3
Louisiana
37
(31 - 43)
19
(15 - 23)
15
(12 - 20)
3
(1
Maine
11
(9-13)
6
(5-7)
5
(4-6)
1
(0
Maryland
44
(38 - 51)
23
(19 - 28)
18
(14 - 22)
3
Massachusetts
60
(52 - 69)
34
(28 - 40)
22
(18 - 28)
3
Michigan
94
(86 - 103)
51
(46 - 57)
36
(32 - 42)
6
(4
Minnesota
53
(45 - 61)
27
(22 - 32)
23
(18 - 28)
3
Mississippi
25
(21 - 29)
12
(10 - 15)
10
(8 - 13)
2
(1
Missouri
51
(44 - 59)
28
(23 - 34)
20
(16 - 25)
3
(2
Montana
9
(8 - 10)
5
(4 - 6)
4
(3 - 5)
0
See notes at end of table.
116
30130
NOTE: Average Annual Number of Marijuana Initiates = Number of Marijuana Initiates in past 24 months/2.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.4 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Average Annual Marijuana Initiates, by Age Group and State: Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
(AGE GROUP (Years)
Total
- 0)
0
Older
12-17
(2 - 3)
18-25
2
26 or (2-6)
Prediction
Prediction
Prediction
3
State
Prediction
25)
(15 20
Estimate
Interval
2-3)
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Interval
Interval
(23 3
(4 Interval
)
5
Wyoming
28
(44 - 59)
(14 - 19)
51
Nebraska
(6 Wisconsin
(1 - 2)
)
17
)
1
)
(7
9
(7 - 10(1 - 24-7)
6
(6-9)
1
8
)
(12 - 16(14 - 14
20)
(West Virginia
(- 7)
2 - 5)
(Nevada
1 - 2)
10
6
17
3
)
)
((16 21
)
1
(23 - 3428
)
(New Hampshire
52
((Washington
6
)
4
(2-7()
11
4
17 - 30)
0 - 1)
(1
(23
(20 - 30)
25
New (21 - 34)
55 - 74)
44 - 61)
Jersey
52
(3 - (Virginia
(27 - 38)
)
64
32
1(8)
(0
27
0
5
(2 - 3)
3
(5-8)
)
5)
4
)
(2)
Mexico
6
19
New (6 - 8)
7
Vermont
((12
(1 - 2)
1
(7 - 12)
1
9
(8 - 13)
10
(51 York
(69 - 85)
New )
160)
146
20
Utah
(77
- 19)
)
((11
59
71
(- 96)
85
)
11
(168
(28 Texas
(5)
North Carolina
)
8)
(34
4
(21 66
3
(14 28
- 35)
- 24)
19
(25
)
47
North Dakota
Tennessee
((0 - )
(6-8)
1)
)
3 - 5)
0
7
(4
3
3
0
(- 5)
4
(6-8)
7
Ohio
South Dakota
38
)
((3 - 9)
- 106)
(1 - 453
(33 - 44)
97
(2
)
)
(14
(15 - 23)
6
19
35
Oklahoma
South Carolina
(1 - (15 )
(0 - 1)
(32
1
2
3)
(18
12
3
)
4-6)
((10 - 15)
5
(8 - 11)
9
(Oregon
Rhode Island
24 - 32)
)
(13 - 6
)
)
((28
8 - 13)
- 46)
2
16
40
(51
11
107)
(89 - 98
Pennsylvania
- 98 - 124 10 - 13)
5 - 8)
3 - 6(16 - 2210 - 140 - 133 - - 68(7 - 17(57 - 77)
- 412 - (2 - 4(0 - 189 47 - 5927 - 38- 22191 - 3(45 - 57)
35 (4 - 102 - 4)
(30 - 41)
11 - 183 2 - 3)
(40 - 5521 - 30)
2 - 152 - 184)
76 (61 - 82)
7 16 - 243 - 45 - 60- 26- 6- 33)
(- 0 117
30130
(continued)
Table D.5 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on
2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
See notes at end of table.
AGE GROUP (Years)
(6 - 13)
Total
9
12-17
7
18-25
·
26 or Older
(Prediction
4 6)
Prediction
Prediction
5
Prediction
()
Estimate
Estimate
20
State
Interval
Estimate
Interval
Interval
Montana
Total'
Interval
Estimate
1,117
49
6,405
)
(23 31
22
(78 )
103
Missouri
2,006
27
3,282
)
(16 - 28(25 - 43)
)
21
33
- 24)
(98
(9 - 16)
Alabama
(12
18
()
61
47
Mississippi
(- 72)
- 9)
(4 7)
49
5
18)
37
(14
3
Alaska
)
(6
(16 - 21
(-
84 - 133)
107
Minnesota
(- 137)
32 - 53)
106
)
)
(- 34)
- 82)
(45 ((Arizona
26
135
71
42
)
67
44
(- 254)
220
Michigan
74 - 156)
(31
(110
(18 - 29)
(36 - (68
)
(48
Arkansas
14
)
23
()
19 - 33)
26
- 232)
(183
Massachusetts
85)
(404 - 658)
260
California
(39 - (59
160)
(918
(33
(789 - 301)
)
138
)
(21
520
(142)
113
Maryland
(9 - 20)
(35-5514
)
(35 - 76(15 Colorado
(9 - 14)
20
)
117
11
144)
44
53
)
26)
(5-86
(25 - 38)
31
Maine
(- 85)
(26 - 57)
(17 - 29)
((Connecticut
59
(33 - 54)
78
12 - 21)
)
43
39
(16
1933)
23
25
(- 158)
126
Louisiana
(6 - 13)
)
6
3
(30 - 65)
45
Delaware
32
(5-819
(2 - 4)
9
)
16
()
93
Kentucky
- 5)
)
(21 - 46)
2)
32
(14 - 25)
(6 - 13)
((1 15
(2
19
(9 )
-
9
4
12
)
(49 - 7963
Kansas
- 36)
(120 - 209)
- 63)
265 - 366)
(23
(Florida
12 - 21)
160
312
(85 - 117(16
()
52
100
(- 14)
10
(36 - 64)
49
Iowa
)
- 71)
(60
(135 - 220(24 - 40)
)
)
(32 Georgia
31
42
174
(88
18 - 30)
23
55
)
(126
Indiana
(161
(8 - 20)
13
()
Hawaii
8
(68 - 9426
5
80
3651)
(43
(16)
4 - 7)
284
(10
Illinois
)
Idaho
(31)
8
5
23
((76 - 12414 (30 - 69)
11 - (2 - 4)
4 (107 - 16720 - 9553 - 8411 - 17)
20 - 46- 1,062119 - 223 (94 - - 61 - 97(15 - 23)
District of Columbia
11 - 193 44 41 57 - 129)
19 - 34)
(3 - 6)
(6 - 11)
18 - 6 - 116 - 243 - 330)
124 - 205)
(98 - 159- 55(39 - 898 13 - 1573 - 116(12 - 20(25 - 41)
100 39 88 - 16 - 2725 - 42)
141 61190 (37 - 5160 80 27(28 - 47)
32 48 - 76(18 - 40)
- 133(17 - 29)
- 42(31 - 76)
16 - 25(5 9)
118
30130
NOTE: Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana includes cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
'This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.5 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuana, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on
2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
(AGE GROUP (Years)
4
Total
66
Older
18-25
(3 - 5)
12-17
(26 or 4
34
Prediction
(2-3)
Prediction
Prediction
State
Prediction
(15 - 27)
Interval
2
)
Estimate
(8 Estimate
Interval
Estimate
11
Wyoming
21
(93 - 152)
Estimate
Interval
Interval
120
Wisconsin
)
()
Nebraska
21
13
28
21)
(((21 - 37)
6 - 10)
6
)
7
)
(33 9
(7 - 1341
Virginia
West 13
(7 - (45 - 99)
Nevada
69
- 40)
39 - 65)
((12)
(50
48
((9
18 - 31)
24
(14
)
27
141
Washington
)
New ((10 Hampshire
72
((27 - 42)
- 23)
34
(5 - )
7
50
(14)
)
)
24
11
16
)
(114 - 146
Virginia
New Jersey
)
52
- 209)
166
(9
)
(- 67)
(7
(55 - 126)
29
((4)
85
(2 - 3
(23)
)
)
18
New Mexico
Vermont
(8
()
40
20
(20
(9 - (13 - 24)
12
16)
18
)
(6 - 9
New York
)
416
(36 )
47
66)
(353 Utah
243)
- 138)
55
((141 - 187
(313)
118
()
167
244
)
(74 142 - 231)
87
(27 - 44)
)
(North Carolina
(37 183
(441
Texas
34
)
(45 - 103)
70
50
(- 143)
39
(98
(27
()
- 15)
- 174)
(136
()
North Dakota
Tennessee
11
)
4
5
)
3
((5
5
(- 4)
3
200 - 270)
233
((10 - 17)
13
(65 Ohio
South 113
Dakota
)
76
44
()
(45
()
(63 Oklahoma
27
14
(20 - 34(67 - 108)
)
82
58)
)
86
South Carolina
- 21)
(8 (16
39
)
12
26
)
((6 - 8
)
5
Oregon
)
(30 - 65)
15
89
25
(70 Rhode Island
(- 111)
(- 183)
143
11 - 19)
85
(22 - 37)
(29
45
47
)
(274
Pennsylvania
4 - 87 - (11 - 19)
18 9(9 - 129 22 - 36)
39 (31 - 516 - 1013 - 30)
- 48845 - 100 (187 - - 6565 8 2-3(3 - 5)
3 - 8(38 - 52)
- 8885 - 147)
- 10412 25 - 235 - 31840 - 54)
(73 - 97)
110 (19 - 31(3 - 610- 18(11 - 18)
21 - 3529-652 4 - 6(3 - 9104 20 - 35)
29 - 51)
384 - 503- 101145 - 192- 591212 - 3015 - 5 - 86 - 1318419 - 3137 - 6547 - 105111 - 17537 - 61)
- 52(10 - 17)
14 - 30- 1325 - 44)
44 - 96)
(3 6)
119
30130
(continued)
Table D.6 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Year Users of Cocaine, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
See AGE GROUP (Years)
at end of table.
Older
Total
(3 18-25
- 9)
12-17
6
26 or 8)
(5 Prediction
Prediction
6
Prediction
State
Prediction
(Interval
Estimate
- 2)
Estimate
2
18)
'
(13
Interval
Montana
Estimate
)
Estimate
26
)
Interval
Interval
(16 - 23
7
377
78)
1,465
3,810
(1,969
56
Missouri
(3 - )
(37 - )
(7 - )
55
15
(Alabama
((14 - 27)
)
13
5
20
29
)
(2
(20 - 42)
30
(3 - 6)
Mississippi
- 2)
)
(22- )
(8 - 14(Alaska
59)
11
37
(25 - 43)
4
1
33
5
(6 - 12)
9
)
(58 78
)
91
Minnesota
)
- 45)
Arizona
(33 - 7235
43
50
13
(((48
12
)
(89 - 13411 - 29)
34
109
)
Michigan
((24 - 46)
(Arkansas
115)
3
(43 - 18
72
(29 - 51)
12
39
(6 - 13)
9
(440 - 536
(84 - 165)
120
()
Massachusetts
California
194
(20 - 57)
(164 - 227(56
)
35
)
- 26)
(14 20
)
6
287
42 - 84)
(61
(27 - (70 - 126)
Maryland
95
)
46
(4 7
41
Colorado
((8
)
()
6
()
2
15
Maine
18 - 53)
)
Connecticut
()
32
(12 - 21((48
28)
(15 - 65)
16
21
5
6
)
(40 - 8258
27
Louisiana
)
10 - 19)
29
- 6)
)
(Delaware
(- 33)
((0 14
26
1
)
(5
8
5
(60
Kentucky
(10 - 27)
- 0)
)
17
(2-3)
0
(15
2 - 5)
(11
3
(3
5 - 13)
8
((25 - 47)
34
Kansas
(9 - 25)
(15
(74 - 147)
(150 Florida
(- 18)
(13
22)
187
231)
(3 - 6)
(54 - 77)
4
(23 - 45)
17
65
33
Iowa
106
52)
(31
)
Georgia
)
(110
(32
43
(6 )
- 14)
9
)
(9
59
)
(52 72
Indiana
((73 - 140)
)
17)
102
(55 - Hawaii
((3 78)
66
(12
)
3 - 10)
12
(145 - 219)
2
4
6
(179
Illinois
(3 - 10)
6
(10 - 19(4 - 8)
1 - 3)
6
(2
)
14
Idaho
Total77816 - 49)
1 (3 - 867 - 122(9 - 19)
26 (25 - 70)
2 - 5(9 - 16)
64644 - 70205 - 3895 - 12)
32 - 537434 - 3-7(16-43)
- 14 (5 - 13)
District of Columbia
7 - 160 - 13 - (78 - 151)
31 - 5634 - 958 - 1 - 2)
- 6(8 - 16- 976 - 1324 - 4218 - 10 11 - 19)
44 - 78)
3-719 (18 - 45(4 - 8)
(11 - 20)
1 - 3)
4 - 8- 11(4 - 8)
(9 - 15)
40 - 57)
- 1041 - 49 - 182639 - (4 - 10)
31(14 - 4610 - 1 - notes 120
20
30130
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
'This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.6 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Year Users of Cocaine, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
)
AGE GROUP (Years)
Total
12-17
3
36
18-25
)
26 or Older
State
Prediction
Prediction
Estimate
(3
)
Interval
Estimate
Prediction
1
(Prediction
6
Wyoming
30
Interval
(5 - 11)
Interval
8
Estimate
Estimate
97)
(Interval
74
Wisconsin
11
Nebraska
)
(12 - (6 - 118
24)
8
7
3)
2
17
((1 - (2
10)
)
(- 29)
21
Virginia
West (11 - 3019
Nevada
22 - 61)
34
((24 - 38
46)
38)
)
((21 - 4
(8 - 29
)
11
15)
(6 - 1410
(55 - 103)
76
Washington
New Hampshire
(26 - - 24)
71)
(44
(5 - 3)
18
(26 - 46)
35
(5 - 14)
10)
((2
- 10)
7
9
6
()
86
Virginia
New (3 - 8)
36
Jersey
- 125)
5
(4-6)
46
(5
88
(24 - 79)
(4 - (7
)
(1 11)
1
14)
(8 - 11
Vermont
)
)
29-54)
)
(5 - 16(New Mexico
11 - 20)
(6
9
(41
)
(15
12
)
((2 - 53
- 33)
20
(24
Utah
- 185)
York
()
New 137
(299)
246
(()
134
)
18
137
42
((91
261 - 372)
313
Texas
(21 - 61)
)
- 46)
(70 - 13437
(1733)
)
Carolina
(6 - 12)
98
(33 - 87North 24
(5 - 11)
35
8
(8
55
)
(68
Tennessee
(2-6)
3
)
(()
North (2-6)
)
Dakota
)
8
4
2)
((1
1
- 11)
4
(6 4
9
South Dakota
((100 - 156)
46)
Ohio
)
126
27
()
(26)
20
- 15)
63
52
11
()
4
)
51
Carolina
South (4 (9 - 19)
3-7)
- 11)
13
7
Oklahoma
(35
6
24 - 49)
(9 4
((- 2)
1
(- 19)
14
17
Rhode (3-7- 59)
Oregon
Island
(65 - 120()
90
(14 - 24)
44
)
(52 - 72)
4
- 29)
(12-34)
21
61
19
19)
(14
(- 198)
165
Pennsylvania
1-35 - (4 - 14)
2 - 5)
13 1 - 60 26 - 48)
4 - 811 - 33201 - 14 - 25(76 - 108)
98 25 (6 - 111 - 23-58 (43 - 6243 - 9032 137 11 - 10 1 (4 - 8)
(36 - 71(3 - 614 - 15 - 1 - 3-547 - 95(33 - 54113 - 15695 - 191)
17 8-16- 162 - 1164 15 54 - 4 - 9)
(0 - 122 - 39)
(2-4(6 - 18)
(22- 57)
(1-5121
30130
(continued)
Table D.7 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Alcohol, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
351)
AGE GROUP (Years)
(1,529 Total
See notes at end of table.
26 or Older
18-25
12-17
329
(61 - 68)
65
Prediction
Prediction
Prediction
Prediction
State
16
(387 - 434)
410
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Montana
1,670
Estimate
Interval
)
(Interval
355
Interval
Interval
(74 - 101)
87
Total'
2,113
16,803
3,954
106,802
Missouri
(489 - 620)
553
86,045
151
1,053
- 64)
1,346
(- 39)
(33
- 1,466)
219 - 258)
((1,229 668 - 806)
Alabama
55
239
736
Mississippi
((1,737 - 1,966)
1,853
((358 - 396)
377
941 - 1,168)
()
88
((175 188
- 44)
9 - 12)
2,319
Minnesota
254)
((226 - 3,219
(240
Alaska
667
10
- 201)
41
(140 - 166)
153
(3,906 - 4,173)
4,039
Michigan
2,530
448
1,588
98 - 129)
65 - 88)
)
(1,460
2,084)
(113
1,951
1,715287
Arizona
(1,819 - 3,092
76
Massachusetts
1,820)
(1,681
321)
(282 302
79
-
(2,062
Maryland
(569 629
(138
(805
)
(441 869)
472
Arkansas
38
(742 - (- 88)
83
)
()
21
)
((384 - 455576
)
California
(Maine
)
(12,152 13,007)
(1,874 - 2,032)
(1,132 - 1,3419,790 - 10,624)
12,579
419
1,953
1,237
(279 10,207
- 320)
299
(- 92)
80
301
()
)
(1,615
(Colorado
)
Louisiana
1,981
)
(1,506 - 1,704)
804 - 996)
(73
(898
226
56
1,607
1,181
Kentucky
)
(749 (1,273 - 1,433Connecticut
813
1,618
186
- 50)
58
)
1,354
205
(1,534 (- 216)
- 1,701)
43
(((- 1,111)
1,042
Kansas
)
(864 - 1,007936
((214
(10 44
306)
348
- 52)
)
)
)
Delaware
(12
1,193
(Iowa
)
(1,485 - 1,79449
287
1,638
(318 )
344
57 - 81)
- 189)
(4-6227)
(69
2,214)
213
Columbia
34
(District of 175
5
(1,891
2,051
Indiana
)
(3,901 - 4,227)
4,064
)
((716 - 777)
)
788
(6,154
(4,990 - 5,443)
192
174 - 205)
Florida
5,216
((190
746
(4,874 - 5,208)
5,041
Illinois
(311 - 370)
340
(78 - 91)
(1,980 - 2,3762,730
84
(Georgia
2,177
)
450
(2,523 2,942- 22)
)
19
104
(412 - 474)
443
Idaho
(304 - 364)
333
(66
18)
(15
446)
414
Hawaii
46 38 (268 - 307)
32 - 44)
127 - 149)
- 6911,876 - 2,08563 - 85283 - 31851 - 67)
193 327 - 368- 1347 267 - (198 - (32-36)
160 5,922 - 6,387)
174 - 210(89 - 121)
(415 - 484)
383 - 13 - (60 - 70)
16 763 - 813- 3701,119 - 1,269(37 - 50)
(202 - 225)
975 37 (174 - 198)
- 877(1,081 - 1,282)
(47 - 65)
(210 - 243)
1,506 - 1,72768 544 - 60818 - 2478 - 5021,919 - 2,206)
(68 - 92)
- (1,541 - (2,931 - 3,251)
(428 - 468)
(2,372 - 2,684)
(646 - 687)
(3,089 3,349)
2,197 - 2,440)
76 - 10127 (138 - 164)
(1,965 - 2,261)
333 - 377(14 - 19)
- 1,813)
(307 - 122
30130
This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.7 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Alcohol, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
Total
AGE GROUP (Years)
1
171
26 or 12-17
18-25
2,112
Prediction
Older
)
State
Prediction
Estimate
(386 - 42838
Prediction
10
Estimate
(207 - 232)
Prediction
219
Interval
Wyoming
Interval
408
(Interval
Estimate
Interval
114)
Estimate
100
(2,753)
2,619
Wisconsin
(394 697 - 781)
)
(124 - 138- 38)
436
131
((Nebraska
(739
- 108)
)
100
33
(20 - 28)
24
575
)
(516 - 605560
Virginia
Nevada
West 105 - 122)
824
)
(1,815 (773 ()
1,966
(31
368)
114
(321 - 345
)
679
(81
New Hampshire
)
(476 - 5382,550613
)
28)
((2,235
81
25
(2,392
Washington
(507
2,027 - 2,365)
2,196
(New - 430)
441 - 499)
Jersey
401
)
((3,390
)
3,8213,021
70
115
3,606
(2,490 )
- 2,844)
(2,813 - 3,225)
(2,667
470
(Virginia
)
(245 259
)
(42 - )
44
26 - 36)
(10 - 31
121)
(13)
699
New Mexico
12
555
()
(300 315
)
(Vermont
113
)
(315 - 404(359
96 - 120)
(York
108
(5,665 - 6,169)
New (19 - 31)
(25
(1,062 - )
(444 - 541)
(258
491
Utah
7,275
)
)
5,517
)
1,100
1,265 - 1,360)
5,917
(1,313
()
North Carolina
329
)
(- 2,135)
(364 - 42475 - 104)
(- 7,441)
89
1,951
- 2,627)
7,159
2,434
(Texas
(1,181 - 1,459)
394
1,317
)
((283
(51 - 72)
301
61
()
)
((1,517 (1,661
)
57
North Dakota
(214 - )
15
Tennessee
(226 229
- 262)
244
)
(57 - 6360
(12 - 16)
- 756)
4,388
14
733
158
)
(299 - 337)
318
)
Ohio
(South Dakota
()
((3,350 - 3,645(145 - 172(371 - 423)
)
1,032
3,498
(226)
210
712 - 872)
(Oklahoma
(41 - 56)
48
48
40 - 56)
1,037
((()
199
1,291
South Carolina
)
397
791
60 - 67)
(64
Oregon
(1,380
16
1,129
(450 - )
43
)
504)
(36 477
209
Rhode Island
)
(3,977 - Pennsylvania
4,138
(4,877 751)
(729
)
(5,042
- 190)
175
29 (535 - 614)
- 875(26 - 36)
631 - 727)
580 - 645)
21 - (77 - 86)
100 - 132655 - 742104 - 514 - 5967,016 - 7,534236 - 2801,1382,246 1,771 285 - 31713 - 1755 - 60)
2444,236 - 4,541709 (953 - 1,124)
183 - 214(1,287 - 1,476)
- 50(196 - 223)
(1,038 - 1,219- 5,206161 706 - 4,29913 - 18)
1,190 - 1,393195 - 935 - 1,130- 1,809258 - 3086,879 302 - 358(5,246 - 5,790- 33046- 27358 - 83372 69-94- 2,11692 - 4802,487 - 87 - (8 - 11)
)
(36-41(1,983 - 2,237)
(159 - 183)
123
30130
(Table D.8 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Binge Alcohol Users, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
)
AGE GROUP (Years)
See Total
.
18-25
12-17
(103 - 135)
26 or Prediction
118
Prediction
Prediction
State
(47
(Prediction
Estimate
Interval
9-13)
Interval
11
Total'
Estimate
Interval
159 - 194)
(Interval
176
Montana
)
Estimate
Estimate
(616
(231
32,584
2,474
70)
46,201
11,143
(58
)
(405 - 151
1,009(806
)
477
586 - 751)
)
(Alabama
(31 905
665
(Missouri
340)
38
)
(247 291
(88 - 111)
99
(22
)
(88 - 10998
Alaska
(363 - 413
Mississippi
29)
- 8)
)
)
((639
((6
26
- 283)
66
261
((56 - 76)
47 - 67)
56
)
843
956
Minnesota
697)
172 - 211)
(1,108 - 1,306)
(749 - 944192
(Arizona
)
1,205
49
(456
)
((106
(1,665 1,870)
1,766
602
Michigan
)
947
(248 - 331410
)
)
88 - 108)
(294 (21 - 30288
457)
((366 - 317
Arkansas
)
25
81)
(58 - 69
98
(1,203 - 1,469)
1,333
Massachusetts
)
(605
- 290)
((170 - 206)
3,615
4,746
(5,400)
188
261
California
(5,067
)
46
(1,119 - 1,263)
)
1,190
(744 - 940(839
Maryland
148 - 192)
()
169
Colorado
(52 - 62(192 - 229)
)
752
)
57
(46
496
11 - 16)
()
14
210
)
240
(424 Maine
)
140
()
39
(367 - 543
(180 Connecticut
- 218)
(541 - 672)
605
127 - 153)
)
(199
()
46
426
788
Louisiana
402
32
)
(((146 - 177162
122 - 151)
136
Delaware
)
(84 - (112)
()
7
- 45)
37
)
601
Kentucky
)
97
(240 - 281
(- 23)
125
(((21 - 31)
25
3
District (59 - 802-3)
Columbia
69
(385 - 480)
93
(431
Kansas
)
(297 21
344
)
)
(149
35)
2,401
(25 Florida
)
29
125)
(470 - 577)
(464
522
(Iowa
)
(110
(573 - 778)
)
671
()
1,826
222
(34 - 52)
49 - 74)
42
1,272
Georgia
325)
)
- 1,430)
(830 - 1,04961
936
Indiana
(()
)
(1,694
(528 (292
(786 - 1,067920
- 579)
554
(105 - 129)
116
(36-45Hawaii
- 2,501)
(178
128
(2,364
Illinois
(156 - 202)
)
10
(116 - 156)
40
(135
)
(53 - 59
(Idaho
11 - 16)
14
(187 231)
208
Older
- 46133 - 1695565 23 - 40 - 59515 - 234 3,315 - 3,930(673 - 837)
39 - 55- 575(33 - 464906-829 - 35of 82 - 105)
19 2,238 - 2,57097 - 437 - 493(1,671 - 1,9901,125 260 - 8 - 12)
108 - 151)
- 652,231 1,568 - 1,825198 - 247- 137 - 161- 395113 - 137)
326(536 - 66930 (344 - 466)
(706 - 875)
38 - 55469 - 622(217 - 26438 - 55518 - 701- 341(826 - 1,077(95 - 117435 - 476)
(865 - 1,051)
239 557 - 72846518 - 27)
- 48 - 209 - 253)
527 - 71343 - 51)
notes at end of tablecontinued124
30130
1 This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.8 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Binge Alcohol Users, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAs
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
AGE GROUP (Years)
NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple
hours of each other.
Total
(26 or Older
18-25
12-17
782 - 994)
(57 - 75)
65
30)
Prediction
Prediction
Prediction
State
27
Prediction
()
Estimate
Interval
Interval
6
Estimate
(Interval
- 109)
99
Wyoming
Estimate
885
Interval
)
Estimate
(293
75)
(282 - (201
Nebraska
63
)
(18 - 25)
)
-
312
(1,132 1,35421
)
1,242
(174 - 230(83 - 98)
90
Wisconsin
190
(66 - 81)
73
Nevada
)
71 - 87)
(330 - 411)
369
(14 - 16
(17 - 25)
20
(270
)
280
79
West Virginia
(542 - 731)
(632
197 - 244)
New ((Hampshire
220
)
12 - 17)
)
((51
(199 - 247)
(14
222
133 - 177)
154
804 - 1,008)
55
(903
Washington
(731
)
(New 235
1,066
Jersey
)
(34 - 521,438
(301
42
71
(1,283 - 1,603)
)
(()
1,008
Virginia
(71 - 92)
81
(19 (- 27)
(297 - 364Mexico
225
New )
)
30
329
(6-8)
7
(23
119
82
Vermont
(120 - 180)
148
2,050
151
)
(688 - 763)
(77
(2,927
725
New York
()
(135 - 169)
(1,873 17
)
- 2,236)
(208 - 278242
Utah
)
(659 - 8971,078
((2,412
(222 - 878
- 68)
954 - 1,212)
North Carolina
279)
)
(()
56
198
772
3,489
250
Texas
530
)
(174
46)
- 48)
(45
(85 - 11011
37
(9 - 12(()
152
North Dakota
)
741
Tennessee
)
)
(97
99
(38-45)
41
(1,394
2,017
11)
10
Ohio
1,288
)
(497 - 544)
1,505)
115)
149
103
520
South ((Dakota
(393 - 527)
457
)
(139
138
)
- 563)
503
333
(25 - 37(446 31
Oklahoma
)
(558 627
124 - 152)
32
Carolina
South (283 - 389)
)
((145
)
350
(120 - 147)
133
510
(22 - 33)
27
44
Oregon
(10
((220)
199
Island
Rhode ((2,118 Pennsylvania
1,622
2,244
)
()
512
)
(99 - 122110
343(234 - 309)
50 - 6060 - 84)
(272 - 330)
922 - 1,22274 - 90)
(195 - 257)
2,740 - 3,121)
45 139 - 166)
42 (1,905 - 2,133)
92 - (26 - 38451 - 573)
(297 - 409)
- 2,375489 - 5361,501 - 1,748)
179 - (8 - 12)
40 - 48126 - 165- 701)
125 - 154(135 - 1648 - 86 - 112(645 - 84430 - 152 - 197(445 - 625)
(3,276 - 3,709)
178 - 220(833 - 924)
2,213 - 2,62112 - 2266-89(108 - 130)
28 - 33891 - 1,134208 - 262624 - 848)
42 - 61249 - 31220(163 - 221)
53 - 271 - 31689 5 - 8(25 - 125
30130
(continued)
Table D.9 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or
Twice a Week, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
See notes at end of table.
AGE GROUP (Years)
Total
)
12-17
246
25 - 31)
18-25
Older
(28
26 )
Prediction
(28 - 34Prediction
31
Estimate
State
Prediction
Prediction
(- 327)
Estimate
Interval
305
Interval
Total'
Montana
Interval
(1,401 Estimate
10,109
104,502
- 1,670)
1,534
(171 - 212)
191
Estimate
)
Interval
(183
)
(1,769 10,765
-
83,628
1,909
1,822
Alabama
Missouri
)
(1,701 - 1,943)
(810 169
876
1,456
(156 - 152
(178 182)
(125
197
)
1,152
Mississippi
(1,218 Alaska
- 1,441)
(204 - 232)
1,329
218
28)
183)
((145 26
163
165
(170 - 203)
186
27
(152 - 178)
(1,560 - 1,798)
1,678
1,768
Minnesota
(1,645 - 1,892)
)
Arizona
184
2,901
(175 337 - 377)
((1,273 (169 1,389
199)
357
)
(338 - 195
)
354
)
-
3,612
Michigan
1,048
)
Arkansas
(987 - 1,110)
1,638
(150 (91 - 107)
- 193)
99
101
171
(160 - (195)
848
177
California
(13,652
1,827 2,149)
(13,220 -
- 1,342)
1,986
)
1,573
Massachusetts
((1,290
1,488 - 1,741)
((1,614
)
10,788
(200
)
)
Colorado
(1,449
187
((1,870 - 2,135(- 158)
)
)
145
2,002
(132 Maryland
408)
((119 - 135
)
379
153)
38
1,169
(- 42)
38
Connecticut
)
1,162
(425 - 1,245)
455
108
Maine
(99 - (118)
- 1,390)
950
1,291
104
(872 )
(196 - )
215
279
Delaware
(166 - 195)
(180
30)
26
((208 - 1,581 - 1,791)
27
244)
226
1,686
Louisiana
(1,162 - 1,359)
1,261
District of Columbia
159)
18
(128 219
(143
23
(17 - 20)
152)
(130 - 141
178
)
(1,443 - 1,647)
1,545
(165 - 191)
Kentucky
Florida
((6,104 6,334
- 776)
712
6,565)
)
(528 - 581(554
5,189
)
-
92
()
590
(4,966 96
(833 - 969)
)
900
3,169
Georgia
Kansas
- 859)
(2,969
(3,371789
()
(330
79 - 100)
353)
89
347
101
((- 1,052)
2,492
)
)
979
Iowa
)
Hawaii
(1,591 (1,735
((37 )
)
(416
37
229
)
41
33 - 42)
215
2,180
Indiana
3,466
((419 - 469)
338
)
444
)
Idaho
(476
431
(49 - 58)
)
(445 - 507)
366
(4,180 4,502(50 56
54
·
)
4,341
Illinois
or - 215(1,341 - 1,571)
23 - (24 - 30)
- - 214- 1,50791 - 112)
(789 - 906)
14,0821,239 1,500 - 1,648)
10,367 11,2071,342 - 1,5571,067 - 1,272(1,081 - (93 - 116)
- 1,029(260 - 298)
(24 - 28)
25 - (205 - 232)
21-25(560 - 622)
5,412(307 - 316 - 3792,300 - 2,684383 - 449- 44306 - 370- 62(338 - 395)
411 - 450(3,311 - 3,622)
(2,028 - 2,333)
(198 - 233)
206 - 253- 1,881908 (93 - 110)
721 87 - 10681 - 103649 - 2341,193 48635 (34 - 43)
350 - 172 - 202182 - 219(1,484 - 1,795(3,484 3,741)
370(2,776 - 3,027- (1,083 - 1,221)
115 - 134)
(140 - 164)
- 9412,051166 - 200283 (225 - 267126
30130
This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.9 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or
Twice a Week, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
AGE GROUP (Years)
Total
1
)
Older
12-17
18-25
(138
)
26 or (16 - 20Prediction
18
Prediction
Prediction
State
Prediction
(16 - 19)
17
Interval
Estimate
(162 - 186)
Estimate
174
Estimate
Nebraska
Interval
Wyoming
Estimate
1,372
(155 - 195)
Interval
Interval
174
(166 - 198)
182
()
1,728
)
Wisconsin
533
((55
- 617)
)
574
(48 - 61(49 ()
)
)
54
423
65
63)
(53 - 58
(563
(696
Nevada
60 - 72)
Virginia
West 82)
655 - 751)
((1,672 - 1,959)
1,815
703
(242)
74
66
(218
)
(181 - 215)
(519 - 608198
)
2,232
Washington
New Hampshire
(30
- 42)
- 2,357)
39
)
2,191
(26 (227 - 280)
395
((253
254
)
35)
(2,524 (297 - 2,698
Virginia
356)
326
167
(16 - 20)
18
3,029
New (17 - 3,240
21)
19
(Jersey
190 - 218)
3,451(- 304)
204
Vermont
(260 - )
()
302)
(546 - 592
281
(138 - 164)
273
2,686
151
(2,484 - 2,887)
)
(113
- 85)
69
)
(805 - 764)
(((678 New Mexico
856
Utah
)
721
75)
(534 - 615)
6,170
77
(921 - 1,018)
969
575
(782 - 855)
818
5,869
(7,202
8,250)
New York
(7,665 7,958
(5,629 - 6,109)
675
)
Texas
658
)
(1,957
(208 (2,222 - 2,586304
North Carolina
- 256)
232
2,806
2,997
()
197 - 231)
(268 - 3,1892,404
(214
()
290
)
312)
- 2,564)
2,403
Tennessee
(160 - 193)
176
(19 - 25)
(22
(17 - ()
)
195
23)
(23 20 - 24)
Dakota
180 - 211)
North 25
153
()
224
22
20
Dakota
(South (1,213
(152 - 182)
167
(136 - 160)
Ohio
148
((3,175
3,971
393
1,426 - 1,630)
3,827 - 4,116)
403
1,527
South Carolina
(371 - 416)
)
- 311)
(287
(34)
(125
Oklahoma
30
(1,324
(130 - 160)
- 38)
)
35
)
1,055
145
353
(976 Rhode Island
)
)
(126)
3,434
(903 - 1,075110
Oregon
364
()
1,126 - 1,306)
(398 - 435)
989
1,215
(115
416
()
4,381(4,050
4,215
Pennsylvania
(494 - 573- 60386 - 46166 - 364 - 42635 - 244 63 - 69 6,957 - 7,448(629 - 687)
(640 - 712)
(275 - 333139 - 168(384 - 421)
3,036 - 3,315(1,241 - 1,408)
(113 - 136- 1,134105 - 99 - 123)
(344 - 386)
3,273 - 3,596(328 - 37832 27 - 263 1,117 - 1,310)
206 - 242- 282,242 1,804 - 2,108- (5,888 - 6,451- 907103 - 123638(153 - 180)
- 2,874(236 - 273)
2,025 (2,083 - 2,382196 - 651 - 742)
58 - 72531 1,593 - 1,8671,244 - 1,503)
(127 - 150127
30130
(continued)
Table D.10 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Any Tobacco Product, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001
NHSDAS
)
AGE GROUP (Years)
(149 - 187Total
See notes at end of 12-17
table.
26 or Older
18-25
168
)
Prediction
(Prediction
50
Prediction
Interval
Interval
)
State
Prediction
(1318Estimate
Estimate
'
Estimate
16
(213 Estimate
- 254)
233
Montana
(1,010 1,250)
Interval
-
Interval
1,128
)
292
3,610
70 - 97)
49,647
65,932
12,676
(83
(1,376 - 1,632)
)
1,013 - 1,233)
1,502
(Missouri
(51 61
859
1,121
645)
(520 - Alabama
()
581
((201
128 - 152)
140
()
42
698 - 831)
(32 - 38)
(13
- 163)
90 - 114)
763
35
Mississippi
Alaska
(149
(764 - 960)
(101
860
(245 - 286)
265
88
1,319)
)
)
)
((48 - 70(212
58
(1,090
Arizona
1,109
1,212
Minnesota
)
819
(1,980(1,751
1,864
(486 - 530)
508
542
656 - 777)
)
(134 - 160(132
(486 - 716
35 - 47)
147
Arkansas
)
(2,402 - 2,6392,519
(41
)
)
Michigan
(- 1,130)
1,003
251 - 299)
(4,782
(1,146 - 1,285)
1,215
6,275
275
((66-91)
)
California
78
)
(250 - 309279
- 5,150)
1,356
Massachusetts
((798 - 1,024)
908
193 - 229)
(57 - 79)
(Colorado
720
210
(57 231
(927 - 1,113)
810)
1,019
67
(213 - 249)
- 79)
67
(1,069 - 1,308)
1,186
Maryland
142
(209 - 262)
42 - 58)
572
235
840)
65)
129 - 154)
49
503 - 646)
(763
Connecticut
(60
(15 ((()
18
(285 - 341)
312
Maine
(841 - 1,034)
(170 - 203936
40)
)
(215 - 253)
((Delaware
9-13)
139
186
234
11
37
57 - 79)
(68
)
(1,138 1,238
Louisiana
)
)
(85 - 109)
(97
((859 - )
District 21
122
950
of Columbia
()
4
(240
)
(73 - 9584
)
(1,274
2,931
(3,464 Kentucky
(545 - 603)
574
142 - 176)
)
3,664
(Florida
(158
3,868)
497
126 - 150)
(2,739 - 3,130)
(138
()
40
)
(339 - 405(1,589
(87 102
)
675
2,063
Georgia
372
)
Kansas
(467 - 591)
527
(167)
155
)
40 - 50)
)
218
(36 42
)
(14)
(10 161
724
(Hawaii
(Iowa
12
45
1,358)
(1,099
139 - 184)
1,226
(- 332)
307
91
1,624
- 243)
(274 Indiana
)
217
17
301
()
Idaho
2,4432,153
(61 - 73)
)
67
(2,296
((595 - 647)
621
- 182)
(167
()
3,084
Illinois
Total- 71182 - 221)
756 - 967136 (11 - 15)
982 - 1,202)
193 - 231718 - 927(121 - 1446015,910 - 6,652)
4,427 (636 - 690 - 34 - (123 - 155)
110 - 1353 - 5)
19 - 23(1,883 - 2,249)
- 119(1,418 - 1,767)
195 - 242- - 32814 - 20193 2,936 - 3,236153 (1,490 1,762)
(78 - 104)
283 (660 - 792- 49143 - 616 - 73533 - 47442 - 5541,177 - 1,372224 - 2561,0451,342- 2155 - (1,228 - 1,489883 (75 - 102)
36 - 49(269 - 3154653128
30130
NOTE: Use of any Tobacco product indicates using at least once cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
1 This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.10 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Any Tobacco Product, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001
NHSDAS
113)
AGE GROUP (Years)
(811 - 1,020Total
102
18-25
12-17
(30 - 35)
26 or Older
32
Prediction
Prediction
Prediction
(9 State
Prediction
Interval
10
(Estimate
156)
Interval
Interval
Estimate
144
Estimate
Estimate
Wyoming
913
Interval
311)
(266 - 288
)
((90 (89
((24 )
- 336)
428
- 1,402)
1,289
Nebraska
)
Wisconsin
((303
28
)
97
- 483)
441
(98 - 112)
105
)
((78 30
Nevada
(357 ((466 - )
(534 - 619- 94)
510
21 - 30)
576
555)
Virginia
West 25
398
929 - 1,175)
(86
- 442)
1,049
(249
)
72
New Hampshire
1,503)
)
(1,243 )
)
1,370
(299
224
(Washington
(1,096 1,37620
((17 - 23)
)
55
·
1,232
)
(305
(64 New )
334
76
Jersey
1,343
1,770
(1,469 - 1,763)
)
(1,601 - 1,9461,613
Virginia
)
115
(305 93
(80 - 107)
(28 - 3331
()
)
10
- 357)
(143 - 169)
(320
New 89
(29 - 39)
Mexico
443
156
)
(Vermont
34
(169 - 249)
207
(81 - 105)
93
(27)
2,837
New York
21
(2,634 3,780
((709 - 783198
- 367)
746
320
(3,568 - 3,998)
(179 - 218)
- 3,047)
)
Utah
)
(3,095 - 3,327
(1,893 - 2,243)
)
930
242 - 294)
336 - 396)
(267
2,065
1,584
- 133)
(North Carolina
)
366
116
(99 (4,524
(1,420 - Texas
1,308)
1,178
((12 256 - 302)
(279
163
(75 - 101)
88
(1,412 - 1,681)
38
North Dakota
16)
)
1,545
Tennessee
((99 14
(128 - 124)
111
)
143
42 - 48)
(2,383
3,023 - 3,301)
45
(13 Ohio
)
)
15
(((580 - 629)
3,161
174
)
203
South 604
Dakota
)
((2,248 - 791
(167
()
52
)
1,010
South Carolina
(168 - 209)
(645 (47 188
)
Oklahoma
(40 - 47)
)
948
718
(174
55
44
(11 - 15)
13
(223 - 267)
245
Island
(536 38
Oregon
Rhode )
608
808
(149 - 176)
(2,425
162
)
()
()
576
186)
(172
(3,325)
3,173
Pennsylvania
394 - 463- 32- 104271 272 - 32750 - 60199 - 251- 362(1,182 - 1,513)
405 - 482)
(80 - 97150 - 177- 35 - 41159 - 189285 1,7542,520871 - 1,026)
- 65(160 - 189)
- 792(731 - 88931 - 45)
- 6853,024 - 158 - 553 - 6002,280 - 2,574(923 - 1,101)
44 - 61152 - 183)
(708 - 878188 - 219- 18- 158)
(1,053 - 4,284 - 4,770)
(885 - 9763,566277 15 - 9 - 12(103 - 128)
- 89278 - 333- (61 - 85226 - 273)
26 - 34401 1,180 76 - 102133 - - 12)
)
(92 - 129
30130
)
Table D.11 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Cigarettes, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
(AGE GROUP (Years)
See notes at end of Total
table.
18-25
(103 - 137)
12-17
26 or Older
119
42
Prediction
(11 - 15)
Prediction
Prediction
Prediction
13
Interval
Interval
State
(156 - 193)
174
Montana
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
)
927
257
Interval
(57 Interval
- 81)
69
(1,134 - 1,375)
'
1,252
11,285
TotalMissouri
3,116
(55,991
451
41,589
104 - 128)
((595 - 784)
686
)
811 - 1,009)
116
(()
(Alabama
(49
907
154 - 190)
32
599
Mississippi
172
(577 - 758)
664
(219 - 260)
240
((66 - 8631
90)
- 12)
)
77
(76
(106 - 128117
(981
Alaska
)
10
(28 - 34Minnesota
)
(1,492 - 1,701)
1,595
(433 - 475)
454
130
2,070 - 2,289)
(2,179
(568 - 753)
53
Michigan
(808 - )
(755 - ()
982)
865
904
Arizona
(43 - 64)
)
194
(250
(657
83)
70
)
1,184
100 - 120)
Massachusetts
- 510)
110
456
)
(33
((544 - 656)
Arkansas
- 38)
599
(694 - 903795
((176 - 211)
194
59
(1,160)
1,048
Maryland
5,268
(184 - 232(246
)
(207
4,292
(51 - (1,029 6,0201,099
California
)
5,637
61)
56
)
)
18)
(15
(253 - 304)
4,662)
278
Maine
)
(47 - (191 - 226)
56
Colorado
782
562
)
)
208
827
(192 - 210
)
(()
58
)
(955 - 1,149(439 - 571)
132
39 - 54)
1,050
Louisiana
(614 - 752)
681
503
)
Connecticut
46
(702 - 883)
790
((206
)
(63 73
(118
(1,165)
31 - 37)
(161
34
145 - 177)
1,069
Kentucky
- 11)
Delaware
)
(339 - 44410
(390
(- 128)
(117
(- 38)
31
(3 - 4)
)
85
538
Kansas
)
(74 - 97)
107
(District of Columbia
(17 - 21)
19
3
(416
(126 - 150)
138
)
(314437
(476 - 534(535 - 650)
(2,294 2,684)
)
2,485
591
(2,930 )
(120 Florida
Iowa
136
3,126
505
1,008
264
)
)
(65 - 9077
()
1,349
Indiana
1,187
317
Georgia
(1,777 - 2,058)
83
(1,423 - 1,759)
1,587
(1,915
(537 - 592)
564
143
(120 - 165)
142
(10
175 - 222)
)
198
(2,480 ·
(Hawaii
8 - 13)
2,623
Illinois
(148 - 196)
(45
171
(53 - 65)
59
()
14
244
)
(219 Idaho
41 - 598 1,005175 - 21427 405 218 - 277- 1,171(3,938 - (750 - 90866(490 - 640)
(121 - 1458 103 - 133)
96 - 119- 3,328- 153(69 - 98)
286 - 349)
(1,032 - 1,353)
41 - 50)
- 27011 - 172,769(130 - 157)
1,221 - 1,482(240 - 289)
(887 - 1,135)
364 - 472)
(483 - 59525 105 975 - - 83190 - 222)
48 - 68230691 - 87712 - 941 - (49 - 70)
(1,067 - 1,30658 - 227 - 273(119 - 143)
886 - 1,079)
65 - (538 - 663)
26 - 39394 - 512)
(234 - 280)
(815 - 1,046(39 - 46)
continued130
30130
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
1 This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.11 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Cigarettes, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
Total
(631 - 833)
AGE GROUP (Years)
(68 - 86)
12-17
77
18-25
728
Older
)
Prediction
State
26 or Prediction
Estimate
(Prediction
27
Estimate
8
Prediction
Interval
(102 - 122)
112
Wyoming
Interval
257
Estimate
(65 Estimate
Interval
)
76
956 - 1,171)
(Interval
1,062
Wisconsin
(303 - 367)
Nebraska
(302 - 378)
334
)
339
)
(80 - 9529)
226
)
24
84
88
)
((26
(Nevada
- 493)
344
)
452
(70 - 28)
West (404 - 488(306 - )
446
Virginia
(834
(23
)
78
245)
221
(77)
65
(1,120
New Hampshire
Washington
170 - 218)
263
1,073
193
289)
(249 (- 303)
(18
276
15 - 21)
)
52
((55 - (47 - 66
1,415
57)
Virginia
(89
30)
(1,028 - 1,337)
1,560
(26 - New 70 - 97)
28
)
Jersey
272 - 330)
(9
126
301
83
Vermont
(1,177
(146 - 221)
181
(73-97)
)
- 410)
85
(14 (72 - 296)
32
19
()
373
New - 329)
Mexico
((27 (285
Utah
261
80
2,563 - 3,011)
(2,782
)
(824
(658 - 733)
200)
- 251)
(New York
(225
3,243 - 3,660)
3,448
(3,603 - 4,067)
(3,832
Texas
181
2,572
(987
695
271)
(226 - 248
(66 - 91)
1,591
1,750
78
(1,191 - 1,440()
1,181 - 1,490)
1,915Carolina
1,313
Tennessee
North 114)
(1,331
(321
96 - 123)
)
(97
109
(36 - 43)
39
()
13
(North - 176)
(Dakota
(122 - 146)
134
161
South Dakota
10 - 14)
723)
12
35
(563 - (640
(136 - 16687
)
151
)
(2,032
Ohio
37 - 52)
147
2,708
44
((505 - 553)
(2,578 - 2,841)
529
753 - 922)
835
South Carolina
(169
150
(37 - 44)
737
Oklahoma
(475 - 609)
41
46
)
(10 - 14(38 - 55)
540
12
(136 - 165)
)
(202 - 222
(583 - 725)
Island
(27 - Rhode 33
Oregon
(414 - 1,992
653
(549)
479
479 - 527)
40)
503
(141
134 - 161)
(127 - 154)
147
- 2,778)
(2,510 2,642
Pennsylvania
(20 - (77 - 92197 - 25619 - 86385238 - (1,403 - 1,727)
338 - 3788229 - 162 - (2,374 - 2,779)
81 - (293 - 350)
(32 - 38)
76 - 99(134 - 162)
1,906 - 2,162)
(666 - 810)
(1,864 - 2,124)
243(150 - 189)
147 11 - 15872 - 1,109)
201 778 - 871244 - 25)
(115 - 138)
(7 - 1079 - 101)
(1,278 - 1,559)
78(944 - 1,211)
1,001 1,247)
54 - 198 - (722 - 955)
413 22-30- 89(7 - 9)
236 - 280)
(25-29131
30130
)
Table D.12 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day, by Age Group
and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
(AGE GROUP (Years)
)
Total
(26 or Older
12-17
table.
18-25
417
(60 - 67)
Prediction
63
Prediction
Prediction
State
)
Prediction
Interval
(53 - 56
537
Montana
Interval
'
Estimate
Interval
Estimate
Estimate
(2,304 2,539)
Interval
2,424
Estimate
)
(342 - 385364
(288 - 322)
157,338
305
18,911
3,093
14,975
123,451
Missouri
)
2,508
((1,170
(()
1,982
210 - 235)
2,406 - 2,607)
(286 - 321Alabama
(304
217
(223
154 - 172)
)
163
)
1,885 - 2,075)
1,611(1,487
1,550
Mississippi
(324 1,976 - 2,173)
48
((237 - 259)
45 - 51)
337
Alaska
2,076
)
(314 - 352249
40
)
333
(38 - 42)
((276
2,686
Minnesota
)
(4,176 286
- 2,902)
4,289
655)
351
(615 333 - 369)
Arizona
635
(270 2,799
(- 300)
(2,163
(529 - 560)
544
)
-
5,469
Michigan
)
138
(1,359 2,989
)
)
172
Arkansas
((404
(1,418
)
(1,052 - 1,161325
)
1,108
)
3,717
(Massachusetts
)
(2,228 - 2,4712,353
California
338)
15,315
1,889
((20,236)
(1,842 1,936)
19,863
321
(- 285)
(·
271
(14,943 (2,815 - 3,069)
2,659
- 15,673)
2,944
Maryland
(560 )
587
(1,749 1,838
273
)
Colorado
79
)
(64 - 712,342
231
)
()
68
(705 - 761)
(218 - 244)
(255 - 291)
733
Maine
(1,624 1,818)
1,723
(305 - 3431,540
1,896
)
(325
168
(- 262)
Connecticut
(158 - 1,471 - 1,606)
248
188
1,824 1,967)
177)
()
(2,190 - (2,295
Louisiana
(- 1,768)
1,683
(427 (236 - 26754)
)
)
Delaware
252
(37 - 41353
39
)
444
(185 51
197
)
(2,038 - (2,223)
2,132
Kentucky
(of Columbia
)
242
District 1,136
)
(22 - 25)
230 - 254)
306
(171 182
(293 - 318)
(38 - 42)
(23
40
)
(145
(1,403 - 1,522)
1,464
Kansas
7,371
)
((915 - 971944
1,198 - 1,314)
Florida
1,257
825
9,140
()
()
190
(152 - 168)
160
(539 570
444
Georgia
)
((421 - 465)
1,607
4,522
Iowa
()
- 599)
3,509
(2,486 2,616
(384 - 433)
·
409
)
(305 - 339)
((58
322
)
72 - 81)
((Hawaii
519
654
(76
3,347
Indiana
)
5,390()
5,103
5,249
)
(513 (704 - 760(782 Idaho
)
809
(624 - )
663)
565)
(732
539
87
643
106
)
6,701
Illinois
Total- 3482,692 (2,061 - 2,259)
1,477131 - 146)
162 - 18319,480 2,590 - 2,725)
2,248 - 2,434- 1,923177 - 199)
- 46049 - (337 - 368)
(8,931 - 9,345)
(802 - 8497,167 - 7,569)
4,348 4,690)
(3,344 3,665)
624 - 68355 - 62)
491 - 54682 - 91(100 - 112)
(6,551 - 6,848- 8363,210 - 3,480- 2,7401,544 1,669178 - 202136 - 154- 1941,080 - 1,190- 2081,594 2,398234 (74 - 83- 613255 304 - (3,586 - 3,844308 - 342)
382 - 424(2,864 - 3,106(5,352 5,583- - 4,399(2,579 - 2,791)
260 - 292)
206 - 2281,110 - 1,226(2,966 3,217)
(516 - 557)
59See notes at end of 397 - 435continued132
30130
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.12 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day, by Age Group
and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
216)
AGE GROUP (Years)
(Total
206
Older
12-17
2,318
3337)
18-25
26 or (35
Prediction
Prediction
(Prediction
State
27 - 30)
Prediction
28
Estimate
(Interval
Interval
Estimate
Estimate
- 281)
270
Nebraska
Interval
Wyoming
362
)
(297
Estimate
Interval
2,859 3,094)
((870 2,977
(670 - Wisconsin
118)
111
)
907
)
(791 - 830
704
(86 - 97)
92
()
113
)
(81 - 91)
86
1,029
1,071
Nevada
West Virginia
()
2,780)
(94 - (1,027 - 1,1132,660
(106)
426
100
124
(327 - 359846
)
344
New (Hampshire
3,295 - 3,558)
(((675 - 730)
3,430
Washington
- 71)
)
703
(3,268)
(3,131
68
75
534 - 585)
(- 480)
560
453
(343 - 379)
361
New (3,795 Jersey
)
()
5,043
3,946
Virginia
(482 511
414
(286
42)
(394 - 434)
)
(40
(32 - 354,117
)
33
372)
(979 - 1,055)
(360
- 814)
((Vermont
(102 780
New Mexico
109
)
1,018
)
(129
870
(242 - 264)
253
)
(182)
173
1,338)
((1,253
11,075)
(1,297
8,510 - 8,933)
- 1,250)
1,216
10,859
917
Utah
New York
((890 - 945)
(8,562 - 9,028)
8,799
)
1,564
(- 1,214)
8,726
1,179
)
11,782(4,011 11,296
((- 4,371)
390
North Carolina
495)
11,542
368 - 412)
4,194
Texas
2,357 - 2,606)
(467
2,484
)
3,337
(339 - 385362
- 49)
)
(((35 - 39)
281
358
(2,994 - 3,258)
37
North Dakota
274
3,128
46
261 - 287)
Tennessee
(284 - 314)
(300
(52
4,831
(713
6,135
(45)
573 - 610)
6,000 - 6,269)
43
)
592
Ohio
(- 411)
395
((Dakota
(South ()
1,640 - 1,807)
1,725
(277)
)
263
173 - 196)
((1,735 - 1,896Oklahoma
239)
- 219)
1,817
1,408
208
((184
-
(2,196
224
South Carolina
)
(443 464
(1,920
(59 - 66)
(219 Oregon
2,08163
)
(50 - 56)
53
)
)
232
2,002
(182 - 202((1,500 - )
580
192
Rhode Island
)
5,373 - 5,660)
1,578
(5,518
)
(688 - 7336,845
711
)
(597 - 635616
Pennsylvania
- 943(103 - 737(117 - 132)
(805 - 885)
64 70 - 794,874 - 5,203)
- 5393,955 - 4,269- 115121 - 137745 10,637 1,181 (437 - (3,163 - 3,503)
344 - 371)
43 689 - 7374,699 - 4,960210 - (1,332 - 1,481)
- 2441,651(6,695 - 6,994)
558 - 602- 4842,107 2,281)
196 248 - 378 40 - 49 - 56)
(263 - 2981,143 (1,519 - 1,609165 - 831 - 907347 - 38 - (274 - 298)
- 4,091426 2,988 - 403 - 448)
2,532 - (987 - 1,069)
106 - 120868281 - 313259 341 - 382)
(2,206 - 2,425)
(196 - 133
30130
(continued)
Table D.13 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Alcohol Dependence or Abuse, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based
on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
See notes at end of table.
AGE GROUP (Years)
30
Total
)
Older
18-25
12-17
(18 21
(26 or )
Prediction
8
Prediction
)
Prediction
State
Estimate
Prediction
(49 - 68Estimate
58
Montana
Estimate
Interval
Interval
(101 Interval
- 179)
136
)
Estimate
(86
(21 Interval
)
Total¹
27
1,221
)
12,893
7,637
(4,035
250
Missouri
- 68)
()
Alabama
(58 - 105((79
(31 (187
56
- 46)
19
112
38
(13
149)
158)
(130
(10 - Mississippi
Alaska
18
(3 - 29-40)
95 - 166)
(5)
34
14)
(127
12
4
- 106)
(76 91
(22 - 36)
28
(207 - 288)
(13 - 23)
246
)
Minnesota
56 - 82)
233
(231 (104 - 183)
)
(Arizona
280)
(275
140
(191 - (25
68
)
156
(42 - 56)
49
)
(431 - 532480
(113
Michigan
48 - 83)
36
10 - 17)
((235
(64
Arkansas
- 43)
13
(99 - 138)
(118
(35
(322 - 462)
388
Massachusetts
- 501)
(1,583
(838 - (1,417 - 1,763109 - 195)
148
)
(121 - 162)
140
California
(64 - 90)
77
453
()
(17 - 29)
23
(203 - 298)
990
247
Maryland
(21 - )
)
231
38)
29
68 - 96)
(18
274)
Colorado
(6-9(126
)
24
(81
7
()
54
Maine
)
((145 - 212129
- 143)
)
176
Connecticut
)
76
((110
()
(41 - 58)
17
49
25
(191 - 275)
231
Louisiana
- 124)
Delaware
((18-3238
95
24
46 - 66)
3
(31 - 46)
()
13)
2 - 4)
56
(14 - (24)
19
11
((- 202)
170
Kentucky
(- 10)
- 91)
- 29)
- 2)
(9
69
District of Columbia
(32
)
(25 - 40)
(1
42
((10 - 17)
13
(102 22
- 149)
124
Kansas
39 - 58)
107)
173
(63 - (396 - - 797)
479
48
83
(700
573)
Florida
((47 - 65)
56
((153 - - 22)
17
194)
(132 - 183)
156
Iowa
183)
(- 33)
138
99
(80
(21 - 34)
310
Georgia
(80 - ()
25
27
296)
187
245
Indiana
463)
(329 - Hawaii
392
((45 )
- 8)
(178 - 42)
- 23)
197
(5 )
55
31
6
56)
((41 48
19
(637
Illinois
(22-39)
30
20 - 28)
(7
24
60
5 - 9)
(Idaho
(152 - 227)
14 - 24)
45 83 - 19 - 3294 - 135)
30 407 1,161(193 - 18 - 3094 - 16513 - 22)
83 9 - 1 7 16 611 251 - 378)
18 120(136 - 251)
- 6815 22 50 - 72)
569 - 710)
- - 216(200 - (66 - 97)
101 - 13 34 - 5051 141 71 19 - 32(63 - 9096 - 16945 - 65(15 - 22)
27 - 44)
178 - 304)
141 - 172- 325105 - 9 - 16)
206 - 299- 3572 - 1036 - 10- 24(22 - 39)
134
30130
This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.13 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Alcohol Dependence or Abuse, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based
on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
Total
1
AGE GROUP (Years)
12-17
NOTE: Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
(118 - 18-25
12
155
Prediction
State
26 or Older
Estimate
9 - 13)
Estimate
Prediction
Prediction
(Prediction
11
95
(3 - 5)
(Interval
4
Estimate
)
Interval
(23-31Estimate
Interval
Interval
27
Wyoming
31
(281
- 14)
(Wisconsin
Nebraska
((101
47
)
42 - 71)
(20 - 25
11
36
(55
)
(7 - 9
(66 - 97)
(78 - 114Nevada
81
West Virginia
)
138 - 239)
95
(43 - 74)
(23 ()
184
10
109)
- 35)
(75 - 29
91
57
(29 - 46)
37
New Hampshire
- 371)
51 - 73)
(259 34
)
(61
312
Washington
16 - 23)
()
157
(7
(79 - 115)
20
96
(16 - 28)
45)
22
274
Virginia
(19
New Jersey
10
367
)
(78 (296 (3 - 43
(23 - 37)
)
(27 - 39)
)
96
33
29
(Vermont
(27 - 52)
242
38
37
((27 103
7 - 13)
New Mexico
(11 - 18)
10
70 - 102)
(- 39)
14
33
57
85
Utah
554
)
775
York
(New 305
61
()
(51 - 72)
96
)
444
270
(852 - 1,066)
955
Texas
(369 - 529)
(207 - 331)
North Carolina
(104 142
(60 )
(264
- 90)
74
)
)
)
(24
25
81
158
(291)
(197 241
Tennessee
(38 - 52)
Dakota
(17 - 29)
23
18
45
North (4 18)
(13 15
(4 - 6)
5
)
(15 - 28)
(67 - 120)
91
21
(37 - 55)
46
37 - 52)
Ohio
(10 - 18)
(425 - 531)
476
35
()
(17
166
44
(4 - 6)
- 183)
545
(- 50)
((36 266
43
Dakota
(132 Oklahoma
South 14
163
((122 - 183)
(11 15
150
)
South Carolina
50
68)
(47 - )
57
(Rhode Island
)
(97
295 - 414)
351
)
)
Oregon
((133 - 168
)
((165
)
- 20)
52
15
((511 - 636)
49
571
Pennsylvania
101
(74 - 133)
85 - 119)
8 (30 - 41)
(7 - 136-926 - - 449- 116178 - 321)
(86 - 123)
(42 - 75)
(691 - 867)
(243 - 299)
17 - 32(65 - 101111 - 219- 7(16 - 21)
150 220 - 318)
- 198- 2041 - 6071 - 12820012 40 - 58)
44 - 60152 - 18514 - 20(26 - 45)
- - 19 - 33- 18782 - 112275 - 338(460 - 660)
(30 - 45)
(9 - 12)
(15 - 25)
(223 - 333)
(115 - 209123035 - 61)
237 - 330)
25 - 39)
80 - 112)
(199)
(9 - 16)
135
30130
)
Table D.14 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Alcohol Dependence, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000
and 2001 NHSDAS
(continuedAGE GROUP (Years)
See notes at end of Total
table.
26 or Older
18-25
12-17
(6 - 14)
9
(6 - Prediction
Prediction
10)
Prediction
State
8
(1-3)
Prediction
Interval
Interval
82)
Estimate
58
Interval
(Estimate
Estimate
- 42)
33
Interval
((29-60)
Estimate
43
(12-21)
Total¹
16
1,509
7)
443
5,323
3,371
·
(3
592
(38 - 80)
(66 - 111)
(17 - 31Alabama
- 11)
87
(20
8
)
Montana
)
(100
56
()
23
Missouri
(49 - 81)
64
Mississippi
(36-72)
(3 - 5)
(52
13
(28 - 48)
7
4
37
(10 - 16)
Alaska
)
2
)
((10
(80 - 121)
99
Minnesota
)
- 33)
- 126)
(93 - 15025
100
119
(46 - 64)
(7 - 16(Arizona
(55
)
)
11
(13 - 17
190
64
Michigan
(60 - 118)
16
86
(12 - 21(3 32
(20 50
)
Arkansas
)
7)
(8-165
11
-
)
(- 162)
29
128
Massachusetts
(37 - 82)
56
)
(365 - 586(California
)
(589 - 816)
27
696
180
- 13)
((151 - 213)
50
9
466
(71 - 117)
92
Maryland
13
Colorado
(5 - 9(36 27
)
53
- 10)
(7
(68 - (87
7
(110)
4
24
)
Maine
)
59
)
(23 - 31
- 60)
(12 - 22)
)
(4 6
((Connecticut
11
8)
64
42
)
17
(78 - -
101
Louisiana
(30 - 66)
46
((7 - 2)
19
)
(- 19)
(3 - (12 15
14)
5-11)
Delaware
7
10
1
4
(55 )
72
Kentucky
41)
(28
(10 - 19(8-16)
(2 - 4)
(11 - 19)
of Columbia
3
14
District )
)
15
6-
3
0
11
(4
(35 - 60)
64
46
13 - 23)
(52 (236 288
Kansas
)
Florida
)
(20 - 30
207
- 347)
17
()
26)
(16 - 21
()
7
70)
103
150
(46 - (114 - 193)
57
38
Iowa
(6 - 14)
Georgia
9
45 - 95)
(69 - 146)
(- 51)
66
)
(28 (23 - 4131
(6 - 12)
(5 - 9
)
(9)
6
(Hawaii
(82 - 135)
106
)
Indiana
21
201)
2
(123 (159
12
(- 95)
81
(12 - 21)
16
227
)
13)
(218 - 299Idaho
10
(10 - 20256
Illinois
3
()
)
27
15
(5 1-35 - 11)
77 18 (44 - 90)
(39 - 62)
- 41(39 - 62)
5 20 - 35)
- 74(49 - 82)
28 (1 - 5(0 - 1)
- 77(157 - 26715 - 271 - 3)
8 - 19(22-33)
2-47 - 69 - 5 - 104219 - - 9314 - 26)
1297 - 1640(39 - 86(18 - 30)
3 - 5)
(9 - 19)
6 21 - 36100 (23 - 42)
(162 - 222)
217 - 1478 - 12516 - 246 - 13)
25 (39 - 136
30130
NOTE: Dependence is based on the definition found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
1 This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.14 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Alcohol Dependence, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on 2000
and 2001 NHSDAS
)
AGE GROUP (Years)
5
Total
56
18-25
or Older
)
(12-17
26 4
29
Prediction
(Prediction
Prediction
State
1 - 2)
Prediction
1
Estimate
Interval
10
Interval
Interval
)
Estimate
(75 - 10
Wyoming
Interval
Estimate
96
Wisconsin
Estimate
21
)
(8 - (14 - - 43)
35
10
Nebraska
(3 - 6)
27)
(4
(4
)
11
(36
20
West Virginia
)
(((70
32
28 - 46)
Nevada
)
36
(15 - 32)
15
(3
)
117
11
Washington
()
75
22
(27 )
New Hampshire
36
)
(18 - ()
)
)
9
(23
((94 - 151)
(2
14
7
120
Virginia
8
)
(3 - 54
New Jersey
1 - 2)
103
)
(21 - 40)
106 - 184)
1
)
30
((141
9
(10 - 1613
Vermont
146)
(- 29)
(21
(14
Mexico
(41
3-7)
New (5
)
- 52)
((3-739
)
16- 33)
Utah
((9 - (5
13
24
- 282)
16)
218
(- 133)
112
(27 - 44)
(20 - 34
333
New York
(161 - (306 - 431)
(33)
365
Texas
26
265)
208
)
99
(50 - 105)
74
28
(5 - 12)
(109 8
)
((83 - 141)
North Carolina
)
140
7 - 15)
110
Tennessee
)
11
(6 - 128
(39
(5 90
- 8)
6
(10)
North - 3)
2)
11-17)
2
(Dakota
- 7)
13 - 20)
(14
((17
2
Dakota
South (34 - 72)
(5
50
7
(13 - 24)
18
3-7)
(92 - 156- 77)
15
(Ohio
(5
(202
- 20)
55 - 95)
)
(73
65
South Carolina
)
(121
13
5
(1 - 2Oklahoma
)
27)
- 93)
2
((73
6
- 25)
20
(Rhode Island
)
21
46
((31 151
((4 - 9)
)
Oregon
63
((56 - 9321)
17
)
6
73
(15 - 25)
)
20
231
Pennsylvania
(47
28 (3 - 6)
8 - 14)
(2 - 48 - 15292-35 - 109 - 19)
(6 - 1370 - 32 (281 - 391)
83 - 116- 178(29 - 52)
62 - 1281 - 4 5 - (171 - 237)
12 55 56 (4 - 9)
16 - - 65)
32 - 67(196 - 26913 - 53 - 74)
119 - 18915 (4 - 7)
9 - 181 (20 - 38)
94 165 31 - 4910 - 18)
14 (5 - 11)
6 - 13- 4852 - 106)
92 - 147(10 - 20)
(24 - 42)
48 - 9928 - 4413(14 - 30)
120)
(8-127 - 15)
(22 - 38)
(3 - 5(38 - 80)
(3-7137
30130
(Table D.15 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Any Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages
Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
)
AGE GROUP (Years)
See notes at end of Total
table.
Older
12-17
(3 - 10)
18-25
26 or 6
(5 - 9)
Prediction
Prediction
Prediction
7
State
Prediction
)
(5 - 86
(15 - 24)
Estimate
Interval
Interval
Interval
19
Interval
Estimate
Estimate
Montana
(47)
28
Estimate
(23 - 41)
31
Total'
(1,086
)
2,115
5,054
1,853
18
)
(43)
17)
76
(Missouri
Alabama
(65
(19 - 36)
(12 - 33)
12
21
27
26
(16 - 27)
21
()
11
2 - 7)
(2 - 4)
(4
- 67)
3
(9 - 15)
12
(4-7)
Alaska
(52
Mississippi
5
- 56)
(35
)
(27 36
- 74)
31
)
(76 - 132)
101
((24
22
Arizona
119)
18 - 32)
23 - 40)
(71 - 93
((Minnesota
87)
(46
62
)
(55 12-33)
- 15)
53
65
- 67)
)
(39 - (46
)
Arkansas
21
((148 - 200)
11
(16 - 27173
(Michigan
(39 - 107)
67
20
)
(32 43
(132 - 179)
)
California
(217 (666 - 905)
36
779
154
371
(110 - 190)
(146
254
)
Massachusetts
- 71)
(44
36
Colorado
(33
27 - 46)
(69 - 114)
(25 36
)
(17 89
21
- 30)
23
(16 - 27)
()
103
Maryland
10
(21 - 57)
(7 - 1233
)
18 - 31)
13 - 22)
Connecticut
(19 - (10
)
7
26
(74
Maine
17
)
24
(21 54)
36
((31 - 52)
41
()
- 7)
2 - 4)
20
- 21)
(((12 )
97
Delaware
(3
16
(6
Louisiana
(19 - 50)
32
38)
8
(22 - 29
)
(2-48 - 14)
(16
3
((Columbia
)
11
District 98)
(77
6
1
Kentucky
)
(10 - 2918
(11 - 20)
15
(71 - 147)
(7 - 91
)
14)
241
- 57)
)
10
47
Florida
()
(32 ((43
Kansas
21)
(5 - 11
104
(13
10
35 - 64)
48
(95 )
(25 ((18 - 33)
34
Georgia
24
Iowa
)
128
()
55
(37
(41
32 - 90)
(- 29)
22
)
(77 - 127)
(4-7(100
9)
Hawaii
Indiana
70 - 132)
19
5
7
8
(97
(80 - 108)
93
(34 - 49)
10
41
- 13)
- 28)
Idaho
270)
(7 (198 - (232
6
22
Illinois
(4 - 11)
7
-
(49 - 86)
9 - 15 - 27 41 8 - 294(275 - 490)
- 4355 - 974 4 - 12)
of (1 - 2)
4 - 9)
200 - 28838 76 - 107- 16714 - 26)
(5 - (4 - 14)
17 (4 8)
16 31 - 54)
22 - 59- 46(7 - 13)
9 - 19)
- 5659 - 12 - 2175 - 12415 - 26- 59(20 - 33)
(5 - 9)
(6 - 16)
78 - 13325 28 - 47- 5654- 7643 - 16 - 29- 4621 40 8 - 1557 - 9912 - 2415 - continued138

30130
NOTE: Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
NOTE: Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
'This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.15 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Any Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages
Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
(1 - 4)
AGE GROUP (Years)
Total
2
33
18-25
3-5)
Older
12-17
(25 4
26 or 34
Prediction
Prediction
1-3)
Prediction
State
Prediction
2
20
)
Estimate
Interval
Estimate
Interval
(66 - 8
Estimate
Estimate
Interval
Wyoming
87
Interval
Wisconsin
)
((8-21(7 - 13)
Nebraska
)
(3-9)
10
(5-14)
((19 - 32)
13
25
6
9
)
(71310
(- 9)
7
(23 )
(14 - 11 - 19)
30
)
Virginia
((7 - )
Nevada
(46
15
West 65
)
)
9
(39
(21 - 37)
22
28
)
133
Washington
New 39
(5 Hampshire
)
(- 9)
(25 - 47)
35
9
19
(7
24
(68 - 123)
)
92
9
Virginia
(5-14)
6
()
5
(24 - 78)
- 65)
)
(2 - 4)
New 3
(36 23
118
49
Jersey
()
14
Vermont
13
45
(21)
16
(916(73 - New )
Mexico
)
159)
11
110
38
148)
((28 - 73)
(12
46
15
(29 - 50)
167
150
(3
(45 - 67)
228)
((56
- 439)
New York
(373
)
6)
4
38)
(119 - (22
(15 - 27)
៩៩
គ7 - 13)
North Carolina
(17-32)
10
(3361((29 - 50)
39
126
)
)
)
Utah
56
24
125
46
(75 - 106)
89
((- 380)
324
Texas
(1-5)
(2-3)
)
((North Dakota
3
8
)
25
2
3
(84 - 140)
110
Tennessee
)
3
(49-9871
(((10
Ohio
57 - 79)
40
178
)
- 208)
South Dakota
()
()
13
(67
39 - 73)
54
Carolina
South (6
(17 - 29(47 (5-8)
6
Oklahoma
)
)
)
)
(3-526
62
(14
4
()
22
(17
Rhode Island
(54 - 102)
75
Oregon
(59 - 80)
31
69
26
93)
73
)
((32-46)
(20 - 34)
(12 - 21)
16
38
(156 - 212)
183
Pennsylvania
5 - 9)
35 - 59123419317 - 12(87 - 156)
(17 - 31(30 - 49)
8 - 15(9-24)
314 129 - 173(93 - 1663391(6 - 11)
2-4151 33 - 47- 7910 - 18)
16-4156 - (18 - 4913-224 - 11)
9-177 - 13)
(2 - 418-32275 ទី11 - 3 - 1 - 6)
105 - 11 - 11-174-7(14 - 26)
(99 - 17529-52- 395 21 - 65)
(38-105)
(8-21112)
(6-10(15-27)
(- 45)
((19 - 53)
139
30130
(Table D.16 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Any Illicit Drug Dependence, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on
2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
continued)
AGE GROUP (Years)
See Total
notes at end of table.
26 or Older
18-25
12-17
)
(2 - 4
Prediction
Prediction
)
Prediction
State
Prediction
4
3
14)
Interval
Estimate
Estimate
(7 Estimate
Interval
10
Estimate
Total'
Montana
(565
Interval
3,244
9 - 36)
19
(Interval
14 - 27)
20
10
1,473
(33 - 1,206
68)
48
Missouri
16
)
(4 7 - 32)
)
(8 - 26((26 - 58)
15
13
40
Alabama
6
)
17
)
((4 - 6
46)
(24 - 34
Mississippi
- 33)
(2-4()
- 9)
1 - 4)
)
18
()
(16 7
(Alaska
(22
2
3
2
(7 - 14)
10
50
Minnesota
)
(23 - 5938
(8 - 16(43 - )
63
(- 53)
39
30
Arizona
(19 - 30)
)
)
24
(12
)
(15 - 28)
(82 21
101
Michigan
)
(54
)
((7 - 14
((22 - 43)
- 42)
(9 - 16)
Arkansas
31
31
(14 12
5
- 27)
20
)
(73 - 145)
105
Massachusetts
18 - 59)
((34
293
85
30)
(68 - 548
)
23
California
)
104)
)
170
(8-1612
95)
(68
Maryland
(41 - 77)
)
Colorado
12 - 40)
(15)
6
11
(4 - 8)
(8 - (57
23
- 31)
24
6
)
((4
)
(15
(15 - 47)
Connecticut
Maine
12 - 22)
9
52
)
((26
((6 - 12)
34)
16
(19 26
)
27
(7 10
Delaware
)
(3-5- 2)
63
(8 - 16)
Louisiana
(13 - 38)
2
12
)
23
()
4
6
(14 - 2619
(6 - 11)
8
)
50
District 3
Kentucky
Columbia
(8
)
6 - 21)
12
1
(((14)
10
)
5
(3-7)
5
73
(18 (47 - (123 - - 38)
49 - 72)
)
)
60
Florida
27
24
157
Kansas
((18 - 31)
(8
(6 - 13)
9
()
6
17 - 63)
35
Georgia
(23
50 - 109)
()
12
Iowa
75
(14 - 47)
29
((27
29
(45 - 95)
66
(49 - 70)
59
(3 - 6)
Hawaii
39
)
6
13
11
11)
((3
4
(8 - 19)
)
2 - 4)
(66
Indiana
(19 - 29)
24
(121 - 181)
2 - 8)
Idaho
149
(5 - Illinois
7
3
((2 - 4)
(10 - 19)
5
14
9)
- 912 - 245 1 - 28916 3-724(436 - 678)
140 - 203(196 - 42017 36 - 73)
1 of 5 - 12(0 - 1)
2 - 4(3 - 10)
(2-81971108 - 17(20 - 41)
3 - 47 - 91(7 - 16(21 - 38)
15 - 33)
4 - 83 - 16)
7 - (36 - 68)
(45 - 85- 15- 14 - 4611 - 213-53 - 1148 - (17 - 23 29-91- 12432 - 48(36 - 68)
- 299 8(9 - 18)
(6 - 14)
- (2 - 4)
(3 - 57140
30130
This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.16 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Any Illicit Drug Dependence, by Age Group and State: Annual Averages Based on
2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
1
AGE GROUP (Years)
Total
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
12-17
NOTE: Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
NOTE: Dependence is based on the definition found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).
Older
18-25
(Prediction
State
10 - 35)
(1-3)
26 or 2
Estimate
Estimate
Prediction
19
Interval
Prediction
)
(Prediction
2
()
1
Estimate
Interval
18
7 - 14)
Interval
(10
(4-7)
Estimate
Interval
5
Wyoming
(4 - 9- 5)
Nebraska
48
Wisconsin
()
((11 6
3
16
9
)
3 - 11)
6
7
(- 5)
4
20
Virginia
(West Nevada
(18 - 37)
)
26
3-7)
45
)
(6 - 12((((5
13
26
)
9
(11 - 15
(59 )
)
)
87
Washington
New Hampshire
(- 4)
)
(11 - 20()
25
15
(3
16- 34)
3 - 10)
24
(7 6
- 15)
10
5
((- 84)
New 59
Jersey
-56)
Virginia
)
((22 7 - 16)
2-7)
4
71
(((11
(5)
4
(1 31
)
- 2)
2
29
)
(7 - 1310
Mexico
Vermont
)
(5 - (New ()
7
10
)
23
)
(10)
((5
5
)
7
10
(16 - 3122
Utah
)
72
(- 39)
68 - 101)
New York
(83
52)
(233
109
(33 - )
42
31
93
243)
((158 - 197
- 110)
Texas
(15 - 55)
(31
(54 - 11435)
)
North (Carolina
27
26
17)
)
(8 - 13
38)
12
80
()
(48 69
(40
Tennessee
()
1 - 4)
2
(3-7)
(3
- 2)
North Dakota
((1 - 2)
5
((2
1 - 3)
9)
1
(6
1-3)
2
2
South Dakota
(7 - 30)
16
Ohio
)
- 129)
(9 (13
105
16 - 25)
)
((4 - 20
6
(37 - 53)
)
45
(35
40
South Carolina
Oklahoma
(2 - 8)
()
4
37
7
()
(3 - 6(4
)
14
(1 - 3)
2
(7 - 15)
16
11
32 - 62)
Oregon
Rhode Island
46
(5 41 - 85)
(7
10)
(60
)
(13 (39 - 47
18
- 35)
(20
23
)
((- 158)
131
Pennsylvania
- 22)
2 7 - 222 (4 - 8)
48 - 101- 4213 16-324-85 - 18190 - 281)
24 77 75 - 1538 - 18(19 - 21 - 701 85 (25 - 62)
26 - 52)
5 - 1010 - 19(8 - 28)
- - 2311 107 19 - 29)
5723 - 5110- 185 - 2 - 4)
- 9619 - (44 - 1123-7(7 - 14)
3 - 13)
3 - 40 12 - 46- 1232119 - 3624 - 79(14 - 28)
3 (5 - 9)
5 - 16(33 - 66)
1 - 213 - 25).
(2-3141
30130
See notes Table D.17 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Dependence or Abuse for Any Illicit Drug or Alcohol, by Age Group and State:
Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAS
at end of table.
AGE GROUP (Years)
)
Total
(25 - 4226 or Older
18-25
12-17
32
(20 - 26)
Prediction
Prediction
23
Prediction
State
)
(Prediction
Estimate
10
56 - 75)
Interval
(Interval
Interval
Estimate
Estimate
Total'
65
Estimate
Montana
Interval
15,642
1,832
(120 - 204)
158
(- 120)
103
4,949
(8,861
- 48)
39
)
67
27
300
Missouri
33)
(223
- 80)
Alabama
)
(72 - (95
41 - 59)
129
(21 - ((50
)
(15 19
(4-7)
38
(137 - 194)
)
()
14
6
Alaska
164
Mississippi
)
((114 - 18919
149
(89 - 119)
103
167
(70 )
(37
(- 98)
(127 - 216)
288
83
Arizona
(30 - 40
(46)
250 - 338)
292
Minnesota
(268 - 366)
315
(171 - 58 - 97)
119 - 165)
203)
)
187
(39 - 54(66 - 46
75
141
19
Arkansas
83)
()
74
(523 (- 631)
575
Michigan
)
(280
1,195
120 - 160)
203 - 254)
)
- 1,390)
(California
139
(228
(41 - 62)
((2,007
51
- 641)
(396 - 552)
470
585
(Massachusetts
(131 - 223)
173
(- 108)
94
(109 - 186)
)
37
273
Colorado
144
304
Maryland
34
()
(28 (94
36
(- 28)
24
77)
- 13)
21 - 32)
193 - 270)
230
137
(9 11
66
Connecticut
(71
27
(Maine
116 - 197)
((153
(79 )
93
- 55)
Delaware
29 - 45)
(- 16)
(36
282
- 36)
47
(14
Louisiana
(5
)
(87 28
114
)
70
((9 - 46)
22-34)
(2 (28
38
213
- 3)
District Kentucky
(61 of Columbia
2
)
- 107)
82
26
10
43 - 60)
(51
(15 - 24)
(19
66 - 90)
)
Florida
((127 - 179)
219
)
77
836
(152
Kansas
540
)
(82
74)
(64
101 - 144)
463)
((Georgia
(317 - 386
18 - 27)
22
195)
(41
168
121
((32 - 52)
Iowa
)
224
(156
86 - 122)
(26 - 47)
((Hawaii
)
103
(31 - 48)
65
(17 - 24)
9
39
((297
Indiana
21
)
35
)
(364 428
(220 - 263)
241
- 43)
(23 (70
((59 - )
72
(670 - 815)
81)
10
27
Idaho
(740
Illinois
)
33
- 31)
185 - 266)
55 97 - 169)
(33 - 45)
12 - 1614 - 25241 - 340)
(15 - 231,816 - 2,211531 1,019 231 - 319(27 - 42)
80 - 110)
56 - (106 - 175)
40 (4 - 6)
11 22 32 - 12(20 - 33)
(744 - 936)
198 - 241454 - 637165 - 295)
53 - 777 - 118 - 1225 62 - 82- 498248 - 352)
116 - 204144 - 55 - 62 - 105(179 - 249)
(60 - 82- 148(238 - 332)
- 108(60 - 83)
20 - 47(255 - 358)
(30 - 46)
81 215 - 35732 - 49- 24123(253 - 35131 88 8 - 12(continued)
142
30130
NOTE: Any Illicit Drug includes marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically.
NOTE: Dependence and Abuse are based on definitions found in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques.
'This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for the Nation.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000 and 2001.
Table D.17 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons Reporting Past Year Dependence or Abuse for Any Illicit Drug or Alcohol, by Age Group and State:
Annual Averages Based on 2000 and 2001 NHSDAs
Total
(133 - 218)
AGE GROUP (Years)
14
172
12-17
Older
18-25
Prediction
)
(91 - 125)
State
26 or Prediction
12
Estimate
4
Interval
Prediction
107
Estimate
- 49)
Prediction
(33 40
Interval
35)
Interval
(271 - 37130
Wyoming
Interval
Estimate
319
Wisconsin
)
Estimate
(39-6651
(35 - 47- 18)
Nebraska
)
(98 - 130(25 - 30
((10 - 15)
)
(45 - 74)
114
14
)
13
58
41
111)
(94
West Virginia
(103 - 141)
238
(12 - Nevada
130)
(55 ((111
121
)
)
35
(42 - 16
(51
)
- 89)
(70
400
Washington
173
New Hampshire
)
74
(24
109
(20 - 27)
(25 - 41)
10
)
32
(30 - 5140
)
(314
New Virginia
- 51)
Jersey
)
((423
24
(196 - (507)
261
11 - 15)
13
(350 - )
41
122
339)
(4-6)
5
(35 - 48)
41
Mexico
Vermont
)
New 66)
50
((16 - )
(66
(31 - 44123
37
44
24)
20
)
)
(11 - 1915
)
(91 109
(324 1,006
York
Utah
(490 - 706)
(79 591
New 93
(- 1,113)
)
- 402)
367
()
135 - 173)
(153
559
355
(1,112
(470 - Texas
(128 - 659)
218)
83 - 122)
Carolina
169
108)
North 189
101
92
328
51)
(29 - 49)
38
137 - 254)
(265 - 400)
((41
)
(253 - 356302
Tennessee
(18 - 30)
23
((15 - 20)
- 56)
17
21
()
(49
)
(- 23)
North Dakota
6
6
- 8)
(46
Dakota
(South )
(78 - 13822
105
((44 - 63)
(262 (528 53
- 367)
- 641)
(60 - Ohio
22
78)
148 - 215)
583
(180
311
68
203
South Carolina
39
17 - 23)
(20
)
- 30)
(5 - 69)
)
(Oklahoma
7
(193
(162 - 229)
(66
23
Rhode 58
Island
(342 - 466)
401
(85 112
)
(184 - )
201
(174 - 242)
Oregon
(62 - 81)
71
149)
56 - 76)
(65
116
- 742)
207
25
673
((Pennsylvania
12 1929 - 41)
(63 - 86)
(8 - 13)
33 (102 - 145104 - 144(51 - 85)
907 - 107- 38742 5 18 17 - 29(186 - 222)
18 49 - 144(20 - 30)
89 - 609 22055 - 77- 9(29 - 50)
(17 - 27)
39 - 54)
5 - 732 - (77 - 999 - 1,232)
335 - 12836 - 52(37 - 19 - 30262 - 37390 - 129(130 - 226)
338 - 4706294 - 184 - 303)
79 - 36)
(26 - (3 - 5)
(10 - 14(10 - 18)
Prediction
Interval
(continued)
(142 - 242)
(31-51)
(16-27)
(169 - 287)
(169 - 290)
(91 - 149)
(93 - 154)
(167-283)
(1,130 - 1,641)
(388-541)
(123 - 207)
(194 - 328)
(83 - 141)
(155 - 264)
(22-37)
(46-76)
(17-30)
(141 - 234)
(512-751)
(158-263)
(299 - 501)
(89 - 157)
(22-42)
(83 - 145)
(40 - 69)
(176-291)
(376 - 531)
30129
Table D.18 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons with Past Year Serious Mental Illness, by Age Group and State: 2001 NHSDA
AGE GROUP (Years)
Total
18-25
26 or Older
State
Estimate
Prediction
Interval
Prediction
Estimate
Interval
Estimate
Total'
14,967
3,471
11,496
Alabama
242
(194 - 297)
54
(42 - 68)
188
Alaska
29
(23 - 36)
8
(6 - 10)
21
Arizona
289
(231 - 355)
65
(52 - 79)
224
Arkansas
156
(127 - 191)
36
(28 - 45)
121
California
1,742
(1,492 - 2,018)
372
(318 - 432)
1,369
Colorado
215
(175 - 261)
54
(43 - 67)
161
Connecticut
145
(117 - 176)
35
(28 - 44)
110
Delaware
39
(31 - 47)
10
(8 - 12)
29
District of Columbia
28
(22 - 35)
5
(4-6)
23
Florida
793
(677 - 922)
169
(145 - 197)
624
Georgia
500
(404 - 611)
109
(87 - 133)
391
Hawaii
43
(33 - 55)
13
(10 - 16)
31
Idaho
74
(60 - 90)
22
(17 - 26)
53
Illinois
614
(537 - 698)
165
(144 - 188)
449
Indiana
301
(244 - 366)
72
(56 - 91)
228
Iowa
146
(117 - 181)
35
(28 - 44)
111
Kansas
152
(120 - 189)
32
(25 - 41)
119
Kentucky
266
(215 - 325)
61
(49 - 73)
206
Louisiana
255
(210 - 307)
72
(58 - 87)
183
Maine
78
(64 - 94)
18
(15 - 22)
60
Maryland
262
(211 - 322)
58
(46 - 71)
205
Massachusetts
327
(264 - 401)
73
(58 - 90)
255
Michigan
595
(520 - 676)
135
(118 - 153)
460
Minnesota
290
(234 - 354)
70
(56 - 86)
220
Mississippi
160
(132 - 193)
43
(34-53)
118
Missouri
299
(242 - 363)
76
(61 - 92)
223
Montana
53
(44 - 64)
13
(10 - 16)
41
See notes at end of table.
144
30129
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2001.
Table D.18 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Persons with Past Year Serious Mental Illness, by Age Group and State: 2001 NHSDA
the Nation.
AGE GROUP (Years)
1 This estimate is the sum of the hierarchical Bayes estimates across all States and the District of Columbia and typically is not equal to the direct sample-weighted estimate for
Total
NOTE: Data for Serious Mental Illness (SMI) are not defined for 12 to 17 year olds; therefore, "Total" estimate reflects ages 18 or older.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, and the prediction (credible) intervals are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo
techniques.
26 or Older
18-25
NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the DSM-IV criteria and resulted in functional
impairment that substantially interfered with, or limited one or more life activities.
- 23)
Prediction
Prediction
Prediction
(153 - State
18
Estimate
)
Estimate
(6-9Interval
7
201
Estimate
)
(Interval
Interval
70
((18-28)
- 109)
25
Wyoming
(Nebraska
(52 - 86)
23
90
271
Wisconsin
(69 68
)
91
()
- 30)
Nevada
((25
(82 - 125102
(76
- 142)
)
115
25
West Virginia
58-99)
- 344)
(207 270
(66 - New 101)
61
Hampshire
82
(286 - 428)
47
(352
14
Washington
49-75)
)
(238 - 394)
((36-60)
309
(65 - 101)
82
New )
)
(316-477Jersey
(391
67-106)
Virginia
389
)
304
85
)
((27
(7 - 10)
8
New Mexico
)
(53-92)
71
21
)
91
((73 - 11335
Vermont
(- 101)
80
New York
)
)
214
(33-5041
)
186 - 245)
(650 998
(784
(- 144)
121
Utah
758
(237 North Carolina
- 314)
416
274
)
88
1,032
338 - 506)
Texas
329
((254
)
()
(76
(19-32)
)
34
)
330
(North Dakota
(10
Tennessee
(21-36)
28
10
25
38
South Dakota
(410 - 571)
486
(556 - 721)
(149
635
Ohio
- 210)
(130 - 169)
164
()
51
()
253
- 261)
Oklahoma
214
(43 South (207 - Carolina
304)
199
)
54
(36-61)
48
(- 15)
Oregon
12
(36-55)
191
)
(48-74(155 - 232)
146
45
60
Rhode Island
)
134
(413 - 587Pennsylvania
116 - 153)
495
()
(629
73 20-3211-17(312 - 477232-390(16-26)
(860 - 1,150- 93568 - 110(254 - 41728 - 42)
8-12- 67(156 - 248(113 - 187)
543 - 72410 174 41 - 62125 (31 - 46)
(8 - 13)
(267 - 40360-94194 - 326)
(898 - 1,179)
(631 - 902)
101 62 29-4221-3492 20 - 117219 - 330)
(21-31)
56-85260)
(14 145
146
Appendix E: State Estimation Methodology
147
148
Appendix E: State Estimation Methodology
This report includes estimates of 19 substance use measures. Twelve of the measures
used the same definition for 1999 through 2001 and have estimates of change between 1999-
2000 and 2000-2001, the difference of two 2-year moving averages. Six substance abuse and
dependence measures used the same definition for 2000 and 2001, but not for 1999; therefore,
only the estimates for 2000-2001 are provided. One new measure, serious mental illness (SMI),
was introduced in 2001, and State estimates have been produced for that single year.
This appendix describes the methodology used to measure change in State estimates
(Section E.1), the validation of that methodology (Section E.2), the validation of the estimates of
prevalence levels based on the combined 1999-2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
(NHSDA) data (Section E.3), caveats regarding small area estimation (SAE) (Section E.4), and
the general methodology (hierarchical Bayes) used to create the State estimates (Section E.5).
Included at the end of this appendix are tables showing the State response rates for 1999-2001,
the State sample sizes for 1999-2001, and the State sample sizes for the 2001 incentive
experiment.
E.1. Measuring Change in State Estimates Between 1999-2000 and 2000-
2001
The estimates of change in State estimates presented in this report are based on the 1999
through 2001 NHSDAS. State estimates for 1999-2000 and 2000-20001 were produced by
combining State-level NHSDA data with local-area county and Census block group/tract-level
predictor variables from the States for the two time periods. The SAE methodology for
estimating change is described in this section, while Section E.5 provides a general overview of
SAE methodology. The moving average State prevalence estimates displayed in Appendix A for
the overlapping 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 time periods were obtained from independent
applications of RTI's survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes (SWHB) methodology.
The State estimates for 1999-2000 are the model-based small area estimates previously
published by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (see
Wright, 2002a, 2002b). These estimates were derived by first fitting logistic mixed models to the
pooled 1999-2000 survey dataset. These models fit separate fixed and random effects for each of
four age groups. Each age group model had 51 State-level random effects and 300 substate
region-level random effects. The fixed predictor variables for each age group were defined at
five levels, namely, person-level demographics, 1990 decennial Census block group-level items,
tract-level items, county variables, and State variables. The same fixed predictors were used for
all 3 years (1999, 2000, and 2001) of data but annual updates were made when more current
versions became available.
Having estimated the common fixed and random effects from the pooled 1999-2000
dataset, year-specific predicted probabilities of substance use were formed at the block group-b
level for each of eight gender (2) by race/ethnicity (4) domains-d within each of four age
groups-a.
149
Year specificity in the State estimates was induced by updating the fixed predictor
variables annually and by using year-specific block group-level population projections for the 32
age by gender by race/ethnicity domains to weight together the domain-specific probabilities of
use. These year-t population projections, [ Nbad (t)] were purchased from Claritas Inc. Letting
Tbad (t) denote the predicted probability of substance use for the age group-a by race/ethnicity by
gender subpopulation-d in block group-b for year-t, then the age group-specific estimates for
State-i were computed as population-weighted averages of the form
ΣΣ
()πι
πια (1)= Σ Σ Noad (t) Trad (t)
be ; d=1
be ; d=1
bad
«].
where the summation extends over all the block groups-b belonging (e) to the State-i universe
(2). Note that the domain-d summations extend over the eight age group-specific gender by
race/ethnicity domains within each block group.
ia
ia
To produce the 1999-2000 pooled estimates, the common fixed and random effect
estimates were first employed to form State estimates (99) and a (00) for 1999 and 2000,
respectively. These annualized State estimates were then combined as population-weighted
averages of the form
Tia (99 & 00) = [Nia (99) Tia (99) + Nia (00) πia (00)]+[Nia (99) + Nia (00)],
8
where N₁,(t)=ΣNoad (1). The SWHB versions of these pooled estimates were computed
ia
be ; d=1
as posterior means over 1,250 Gibbs samples drawn from the joint posterior distribution of the
fixed and random effects. The 95 percent asymmetric prediction intervals (PIs) for these pooled
1999-2000 prevalence estimates were first formed as symmetric, approximately Gaussian, Bayes
credible intervals on the log-odds scale. The end points of these log-odds symmetric intervals
then were transformed back to the prevalence scale.
The State by age group prevalence estimates derived from the pooled 2000 and 2001
survey data were produced by refitting the logistic mixed models. In this independent refitting of
the models, updated versions of the fixed predictors were used with the 2001 survey responses
when updates were available. This refitting resulted in a new set of age group-specific fixed and
random effects for the combined 2000 and 2001 surveys. As described previously, 1,250 Gibbs
sample draws from the joint posterior distribution of these fixed and random effect parameters
were used to calculate posterior means and 95 percent prediction intervals for the 2000 and 2001
State-i by age group-a prevalence estimates 7 (00 & 01).
The 2000 and 2001 models were fit independently of the previously fit 1999 and 2000
models. This independent analysis approach was followed because there was no desire to revise
the previous estimates and the associated moving average change measures as the result of
jointly modeling all 3 years of survey data. This approach does have a shortcoming when
150
computing the Bayes significance level for an estimated moving average change measure.
Specifically, one needs to estimate the posterior variance of a change measure defined as the log-
odds ratio:
lor = ln{ (00 &01)+[1-л (00 & 01)]}- en{л (99 & 00) +[1-π (99 & 00)]}.
ia
ia
A change measure like the log-odds ratio is favored over the simple difference because the Bayes
significance calculation is much less burdensome when the posterior distribution of the change
measure is approximately Gaussian as is the case for lor, but not for the simple difference.
Calculating the posterior variance of lor can be accomplished by using the posterior variance
statistics that were previously obtained from the independent Markov chain Monte Carlo
(MCMC) chains.
ia
To complete the variance calculation for lor, a correlation estimate for the two log-odds
statistics is required. To approximate this correlation, the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 models were
fit simultaneously. This simultaneous fit yielded an MCMC sample of 1,250 draws from the joint
posterior distribution of both sets of fixed and random effects. To accommodate this
simultaneous fitting of the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 models, a concatenated dataset containing
both of the pooled samples was created. Because the PROC GIBBS software allows for separate
logistic mixed models for a set of nonoverlapping subpopulations, it was possible to
simultaneously fit eight age group (4) by dataset (2) models as if there were no overlap in the
two datasets. This simultaneous solution yielded a set of 1,250 MCMC replicates for the two
overlapping log-odds statistics. In these simultaneous models, the eight age group by dataset
random effects for each State and for each substate region were allowed to have a general
variance-covariance matrix. It was hoped that these random effect covariances between datasets
would largely account for the 2000 survey overlap.
In the process of conducting the SAE change measure validation study (reported on in
Section E.2), it was observed that the 95 percent prediction intervals for two of the SAE odds
ratios, (namely, past month alcohol use and past month cigarette use) were approximately the
same or wider than the 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) for the associated design-based
odds ratio estimates. These interval comparisons are displayed in Table E.1. It had also been
previously noted that the prediction intervals for the two SAE-based log-odds statistics involved
in the log-odds ratios were substantially narrower than the corresponding design-based intervals.
Therefore, it was clear that the correlations between the two odds statistics over the MCMC
samples were substantially smaller than their design-based counterparts. Table E.2 shows these
underestimated correlations as compared with their design-based counterparts.
These model-based MCMC correlations were underestimated as a consequence of the
faulty assumption that the eight age group by dataset subpopulations in the simultaneous models
were nonoverlapping. The overlap associated with the 2000 survey data was not adequately
accounted for by the random effect correlations. There is an alternative form of the odds ratio
estimator that employs nonoverlapping subpopulations and provides for proper MCMC-based
correlation estimation. This odds ratio for change is based on simultaneously fitting the three
annual models to produce 1,250 MCMC samples from the joint posterior distribution of the triple
151
πia (99), πia (00), and ia
a (01). For this simultaneous model, there are 12 age (4) by year (3)
subpopulation-specific models, each with their own sets of fixed and random effects. In this
case, the general covariance matrices for the State and substate random effects are 12 by 12
matrices corresponding to the 12 element (age group by year) vectors of random effects. The
associated odds ratio is based on the pooled prevalences:
and
fia (99 & 00)=[ Na (99)ña (99)+ Nia (00) (00)]+[ Na (99)+ N (00)]
+ ñía Nia
ia
ia
ia
7 a (00 & 01)=[Na (00) a (00)+ Na (01). (01)]+[N (00)+ Na (01)].
ia
ia
ia
ia
ia
ia
Note that the survey-weighted Bernoulli-type log likelihood employed in PROC GIBBS was
appropriate for this simultaneous model because the 12 age group by year subpopulations were
nonoverlapping. The purpose of using the more complex 2-year averaging scheme described
previously was to minimize bias. If one assumes the fixed and random effects are common for
the 2 years being pooled, this should yield small area estimates that are closer to the design-
based estimates than the estimators above where year-specific parameters were assumed. For
the odds ratio based on the averaged prevalence estimates, it is clear that the correlation
between the two log-odds statistics should be high. This follows from the fact that ₁ (00) is
common to the two population-weighted averages. These correlation estimates based on a
more properly reflect the true correlations associated with the type of averages presented in
the body of this report. Table E.3 is similar to Table E.1 except that the prediction intervals were
obtained using the correlations from the alternative method. Table E.4 displays the correlations
from the alternative method and the corresponding design-based correlations. Tables E.5 to E.8
contrast the Bayes significance levels for these two correlation estimators. Note that the revised
significance estimates [p value(2)] are smaller than the original ones [p value(1)]; they are about
20 percent smaller for past month use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana, and about 6 percent
smaller for past year use of cocaine.
ia
E.2. Validation of Methodology to Measure Change
To validate the SAE models for estimating change between the pooled 1999-2000 small
area estimates and the pooled 2000-2001 small area estimates, the design-based estimates of
change for the eight large sample States were used as internal benchmarks. The eight large
sample States had 2-year sample sizes that ranged between 6,200 and 9,700. Estimates were
produced for four outcome variables representative of a range of prevalence rates: past year use
of cocaine, past month use of marijuana, past month use of cigarettes, and past month use of
alcohol. The goal of the validation was to compare the estimates for small States utilizing the
SAE methodology with estimates based on the internal benchmarks.
E.2.1 Replicate Formation Methodology
The validation study was performed by first subsampling the eight large States; for each
of these large States, four sample replicates ("pseudo" small States) were formed that mimicked
152
the design properties of the 42 small States and the District of Columbia. A key feature of this
replicate formation strategy was mimicking the 50 percent overlap between the 1999 and 2000
samples of 96 area segments and between the 2000 and 2001 segment samples in each small
sample State. Because new samples of dwellings and persons were drawn from all sample
segments every year, the survey design-induced covariance between years is limited to this 50
percent overlap of sample block groups/segments.
Exhibit E.1 presents the 50 percent segment overlap plan for the 3 survey years. Note that
there are 48 field interviewer (FI) regions in each of the eight large States and 12 FI regions in
each of the 42 small States and the District of Columbia. Each FI region has four quarters, and
each quarter is then expected to have two area segments. For various reasons, some of the FI
region-by-quarter slots may be empty. In the following illustration, segments A, C, E, and G in
1999 were kept in 2000. Segments B, D, F, and H were replaced by segments I, J, K, and L in
2000. In 2001, the segments I, J, K, and L of 2000 were kept, and segments A, C, E, and G from
2000 were replaced by segments M, N, O, and P.
Exhibit E.1 Sample Segment 50 Percent Overlap Plan for the 1999,
2000, and 2001 NHSDAS

Segments
FI Region
Quarter
1999
2000
2001
A
A
M
1
2
BCD
В
I
C
N
D
J
1
E
E
O
3
F
K
K
G
G
Р
4
H
L
L
FI= field interviewer.
To select the four pseudo small State samples from each large State, 12 pseudo FI regions
were first created within each large sample State by pooling their 48 initial FI regions into groups
of 4. Each of these pseudo FI regions then was expected to have eight area segments per calendar
quarter (see Exhibit E.2). For each of these pseudo FI region-by-quarter sets of eight area
segments, any segments that were devoid of interviews were first randomly replaced by a
selection from the non-empty segments in the set. The segments for the 1999, 2000, and 2001
NHSDA data were filled in separately. Once complete sets of eight non-empty segments for the
1999, 2000, and 2001 NHSDA data in each of the pseudo FI region-by-quarter sets were
assembled, the 1999, 2000, and 2001 data were linked using State-by-pseudo FI region-by-
quarter-by-segment identification codes.
153
Exhibit E.2
An Example of Sample Segment Assignment in Pseudo FI
Regions in 1999, 2000, and 2001 NHSDAS

Pseudo
FI Region
Quarter
1999
Segments
2000
2001
a
m
b
n
d
1
1
e
f
k
g
р
h
FI= field interviewer.
Let a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h denote the eight segments in quarter 1 of pseudo FI region 1 in
1999. Approximately half of the eight segments represented cases where the 1999 segments were
reused in 2000 (i.e., common segments a, c, e, and g in 1999 and 2000), and the remaining
segments b, d, f, and h represented cases where 1999 segments were linked with new 2000
replacement segments i, j, k, and, 1. Similarly between 2000 and 2001, segments i, j, k, and I are
common segments, whereas segments a, c, e, and g are linked to new segments m, n, o, and
p.
Next, the eight linked 1999 and 2000 segment pairs were stratified into two strata-the
common segment pairs and the uncommon 1999 and 2000 segment pairs. One segment pair was
then randomly drawn from each of these strata and combined to form four pseudo small States
such that one of the paired replicates would have common segments in the 1999 and 2000
surveys and the other replicate pair would have uncommon segments for 1999 and 2000. The
2001 segments then were forced to go into the same pseudo States depending on the linkage
between the 2000 and 2001 sample segments. For example, if segment "g" was assigned to
pseudo State 1 in 1999, "g" also was linked to "p" in 2001 because "g" was common between
1999 and 2000; segment "g" in 2000 and the segment "p" in 2001 were forced to go into pseudo
State 1. Exhibit E.3 demonstrates a typical assignment of segments among the four pseudo states
for the 1999, 2000, and 2001 NHSDAs.
Exhibit E.3 Typical Assignment of Segments among Four Pseudo States for 1999, 2000,
and 2001 NHSDAS

Pseudo
FI Region
Quarter
Pseudo State
1999
Segments
2000
2001
g
1
р
b
a
m
2
h
1
1
1
810
3
d
n
4
f
FI= field interviewer.
154
This subsampling validation exercise was repeated for all four quarters in a pseudo FI
region and for all 12 pseudo FI regions in each of the eight large States. This resulted in 32 (8
large States × 4 subsamples from each large State) pseudo small States from eight large States.
These pseudo small States mimicked the design properties of small States with the 50 percent
sample segment overlap preserved across adjacent survey years.
E.2.2 Results of Validating the Small Area Estimates of Change Between 1999-2000 and
2000-2001
Tables E.9 to E.12 present the internal benchmark estimate (labeled "design-based") and
the corresponding average estimate using the SAE procedures for the four substance use
measures for each of the eight large States and the relative absolute bias (RAB) for each of the
substance use measures. The estimate in each case is the odds of having used the substance in
2000-2001 divided by the odds of having used the substance in 1999-2000. In general, the
average relative biases for the age 12 or older population are fairly small for substance use
measures with larger prevalence rates and somewhat larger for the others. The average relative
bias is worst for past year use of cocaine (12.7 percent for the population age 12 or older). Note,
however, that the relative bias is generally conservative, producing SAE odds ratios that are
closer to "no change" relative to the design-based odds ratios. For example, of the 32 pairs of
State-by-age group estimates for cocaine, the SAE odds ratios are closer to 1.0 for 29 of the pairs
and the design-based odds ratios are closer to 1.0 for only 3 pairs.
Table E.3 presents the ratio of widths of the 95 percent prediction intervals from the SAE
data to the 95 percent confidence intervals from a direct estimate based on the same size sample.
The estimates in the table are based on the recalculated (larger) estimate of the correlation
between the two 2-year moving averages. As one can see, the width of the 95 percent prediction
intervals are much smaller on average for each of the four substance measures validated, ranging
from 0.60 for past month use of marijuana and past year use of cocaine to 0.77 for past month
use of cigarettes for persons age 12 or older. This represents an improved precision that is
equivalent to a sample size almost 3 times larger for marijuana and cocaine and about 2 times
larger for cigarettes-relative to the precision obtained from the corresponding direct design-
based estimate.
E.3. Validation of Combined Prevalence-Level Estimates for 1999-2000
The 2-year estimates had been validated in the 2000 State report for four variables: past
month use of marijuana, past year use of cocaine, past month binge alcohol use, and past month
use of cigarettes. The results of that validation are repeated here in Tables E.13 to E.16. On
average, the relative absolute biases (RABs) were quite small. For the 12 or older age group, the
RABS were as follows:
past month use of marijuana, 4.07 percent;
past year use of cocaine, 7.88 percent;
past month binge alcohol use, 0.98 percent; and
155
past month use of cigarettes, 1.22 percent.
Also, compared with the design-based confidence intervals, the 95 percent prediction intervals
were much shorter, about 75 percent as large for marijuana, binge alcohol, and cigarettes and 65
percent as large for cocaine (Table E.17).
In addition, the 2-year estimates were compared with the corresponding 1-year estimates
to ascertain the extent of improvement in estimation for the 42 States and the District of
Columbia, given that those sample sizes would now be approximately double their size in 1999.
For example, comparing the prediction intervals' widths across the 50 States and the District of
Columbia, the SAE average prediction interval width for past month use of marijuana among
persons 12 or older was 2.40 percent in 1999, but only 1.98 percent for 1999 and 2000 combined
(see Section B.4.2 from Wright, 2002b). Just as importantly, because the States (and the District
of Columbia) had smaller single-year sample sizes, the national model had a greater relative
influence in the SAE estimates for 1999 than for 1999 and 2000 combined. Therefore, the 1999-
2000 pooled State estimates would not be shrunk as much toward the national model-based
estimate as would similar estimates based on a single year of data. One result is that the 2-year
small area estimates would tend to be closer to their corresponding design-based estimates than
small area estimates based on a single year of data. The other implication is that States with
design-based estimates that were relatively lower or higher than other States would retain that
distinction, and the overall range and spread of the State estimates would tend to be larger, for
example, than it was in 1999. This should make it easier to identify States that have notably
lower or higher substance use prevalence rates than other States.
E.4. Caveats
Some of the caveats regarding SAE are addressed in Chapter 7 in Volume I of this report.
Tables E.18 to E.20 show the screening, interview, and overall response rates for the 50 States
and the District of Columbia from 1999 to 2001, respectively. The response rates are somewhat
higher in both 2000 and 2001.
In 2001, an incentive experiment was embedded in the regular data collection during
quarters 1 and 2. For that experiment, small random samples were selected in each State
proportionate to their population size, and sampled persons were assigned to receive $0, $20, or
$40 for completing the questionnaire. Analysis of that data revealed that the response rates were
significantly higher among those receiving an incentive than among those who did not receive an
incentive and that the overall cost of the survey was less due to the much smaller number of
callbacks that were necessary (Eyerman & Bowman, 2002). Initial analysis of that data did not
indicate any significant differences in estimated prevalence levels between the incentive and
nonincentive cases; however, subsequent analysis has revealed higher prevalence rates for the
incentive cases for some of the substance measures. Because the incentive sample size is
relatively small compared to the total State sample size, the decision was made to combine both
incentive and nonincentive samples in 2001 to produce the national estimates and to produce the
State estimates for 2000 and 2001 combined. For example, the incentive sample size for
Alabama totaled 98 cases that received either the $20 or $40 incentive (Table E.21), but the total
sample size for 2000-2001 for Alabama was 1,821 (Table E.22). The largest allocation of
incentive sample cases was in Illinois. There, 442 cases received either the $20 or $40 incentive
156
out of a total combined sample size of 7,218, about 6 percent. Table E.22 also presents the State
sample sizes for 1999 through 2001. Table E.21 presents the State sample allocations for just the
incentive experiment.
One other possible contributor to bias in the State estimates, and the estimates in general,
is the effect of editing and imputation of the summary data. In developing the editing and
imputation process for 1999 and subsequent years, the desire was to minimize the amount of
editing because of its somewhat subjective nature, and instead let the random imputation process
supply any partially missing information. Overall, the percentage of imputed information is quite
small for any given substance.
The imputation method is based on a multivariate imputation in which some demographic
and other substance use information from the respondent is used to determine a donor who is
similar in those characteristics but has supplied data for the drug in question (Grau et al., 2001,
2002, 2003). Often, information also is available from the partial respondent on the recency of
drug use. For example, respondents may have indicated that they used the drug in their lifetime
or in the past year, but left blank the question about use in the past month. For many of the
records, this type of auxiliary information was available. In a small portion of the time, no
auxiliary information was available, in which case a random donor with similar drug use patterns
and demographic characteristics was used. For the different substances, the largest differences
between the edited and the imputed estimates typically occurred when there was a lot of
auxiliary information. For past month use of marijuana, based on the 1999 data, the State with
the largest percentage change from edited to imputed data was Alabama, whose edited rate of use
of marijuana was 2.1 percent and whose imputed rate of use was 3.1 percent—a relative increase
of almost 50 percent.
E.5. SAE Methodology
E.5.1 Background
In response to the need for State-level information on substance abuse problems,
SAMHSA began developing and testing SAE methods for the NHSDA in 1994 under a contract
with RTI of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. That developmental work used logistic
regression models with data from the combined 1991 to 1993 NHSDAs and local area indicators,
such as drug-related arrests, alcohol-related death rates, and block group/tract-level
characteristics from the 1990 Census that were found to be associated with substance abuse. In
1996, the results were published for 25 States for which there were sufficient sample data (OAS,
1996). A subsequent report described the methodology in detail and noted areas in which
improvements were needed (Folsom & Judkins, 1997).
The increasing need for State-level estimates of substance use led to the decision to
expand the NHSDA to provide estimates for all 50 States and the District of Columbia on an
annual basis beginning in 1999. It was determined that, with the use of modeling similar to that
used with the 1991 to 1993 NHSDA data in conjunction with a sample designed for State-level
estimation, a sample of about 67,500 persons would be sufficient to make reasonably precise
estimates.
157
The State-based NHSDA sample design implemented in 1999 through 2001 had the
following characteristics:
States were stratified into field interviewer (FI) regions that covered the geography of each
State. The FI regions are comprised of contiguous Census tracts and counties and designed
to yield about 75 interviews per region. In the 42 smaller States (by population) and the
District of Columbia, there are 12 FI regions; in the eight large States, there are 48 FI
regions.
Within each region, eight segments were randomly selected for 1999 and two were
allocated to each calendar quarter of data collection. For 2000, one segment from each
1999 region by quarter pair was retained, and its partner was replaced by a new random
selection. For 2001, all new segments selected in 2000 were retained and the others were
replaced by randomly selected new segments.
Within each segment, households were screened, and a sample of one to two persons per
household was selected. An average of nine responding persons per segment was sought.
For the 1999 segments that were retained in 2000, a new sample of households and persons
was drawn for the 2000 survey, as was the case in 2001.
The annual samples were selected so that approximately 900 responding persons, 300 in
each age group (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older), were drawn in each of the 42 States
and the District of Columbia. In the eight large States, the person samples were allocated
equally to the three age groups with overall respondent sample sizes ranging from 2,669 to
4,681 in the 1999 NHSDA, 3,478 to 5,022 in the 2000 NHSDA, and 3,502 to 4,023 in the
2001 NHSDA.
In preparation for the modeling of the 1999 data, RTI used the data from the combined
1994-1996 NHSDAs to develop an improved methodology that utilized more local area data and
produced better estimates of the accuracy of the State estimates (Folsom, Shah, & Vaish, 1999).
That effort involved the development of procedures that would validate the results for
geographic areas with large samples. This work was reviewed by a panel with SAE expertise.'
They approved of the methodology, but suggested further improvements for the modeling to be
used to produce the 1999 State estimates. Those improvements were incorporated into the
methodology finally used for the 1999 State estimates. Similar methodology (as described
earlier) was used for the 2000 State report and this 2001 State report. The SWHB methodology is
described below.
1
The panel included William Bell of the U.S. Bureau of the Census; Partha Lahiri of the Joint Program in
Survey Methodology and Interim Director, University of Maryland Statistics Consortium; Balgobin Nandram of
Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Wesley Schaible, formerly Associate Commissioner for Research and Evaluation at
the Bureau of Labor Statistics; J.N.K. Rao of Carleton University; and Alan Zaslavsky of Harvard University. Other
attendees involved in the development or discussion were Ralph Folsom, Judith Lessler, Avinash Singh, and Akhil
Vaish of RTI and Joe Gfroerer and Doug Wright of SAMHSA.
158
E.5.2 Goals of Modeling
There were several goals underlying the estimation process. The first was to model drug
use at the lowest possible level and aggregate over the levels to form the State estimates. The
chosen level of aggregation was the 32 age group (12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 to 34, 35+) by
race/ethnicity (white, non-Hispanic; black, non-Hispanic; Hispanic; Other non-Hispanic) by
gender cells at the block group level. Estimated population counts were obtained from a private
vendor for each block group for each of the 32 cells. This level of aggregation was desired
because the NHSDA first stage of sample selection was at the block group level, so that there
would be data at this level to fit a model. In addition, there was a great deal of information from
the Census at the block group level that could be used as predictors in the models. If prevalence
rates could be estimated for each of the 32 cells at the block group level, it would only be
necessary to multiply the rates by the estimated population counts and aggregate to the State
level.
Another goal of the estimation process was to include the sampling weight in the model
in such a way that the small area estimates would converge to the design-based (sample-
weighted) estimates when they were aggregated to a sufficient sample size. There was a desire
for the estimates to have this characteristic so that there would be consistency with the
weighted national estimates based on the entire sample.
survey-
A third goal was to include as much local source data as possible, especially data related
to each substance use measure. This would help provide a better fit beyond the strictly
sociodemographic information. The desire was to use national sources of these data so that there
would be consistency of collection and estimation methodology across States.
Recognizing that estimates based solely on these "fixed" effects would not reflect
differences across States due to differences in laws, enforcement activities, advertising
campaigns, outreach activities, and other such unique State contributions, a fourth goal was to
include "random" effects to compensate for these differences. The types of random effects that
could be supported by the NHSDA data were a function of the size of sample and the model fit
to the sample data. Random effects were included at the State level and for substate regions
comprising three FI regions. Although this grouping of the three FI regions was principally
motivated by the need to accumulate enough of a sample to support good model fitting for the
low-prevalence NHSDA outcomes, it also was reasoned that it would be possible to produce
substate hierarchical Bayes (HB) estimates for areas comprised of these FI region groups, once 2
or 3 years of NHSDA data were available, because that would yield substate region samples of at
least 400 respondents. For substate areas that do not conform to the substate region boundaries
(e.g., counties and large municipalities), HB estimates could be derived from their elemental
block group-level contributions, but the design-based data employed in the estimation of the
associated substate region effects would not be restricted to the county or city of interest. This
mismatch of FI region and county/large municipality boundaries weakens the theoretical appeal
of the associated HB estimate. For this reason, substate HB estimates probably should be
restricted to areas that can be matched reasonably well to FI region groups.
One of the difficulties of typical SAE has been obtaining good estimates of the accuracy
of the SAES with prediction intervals that give a good representation of the true probability of
159
coverage of the intervals. Therefore, the final major goal was to provide accurate prediction
intervals ones that would approach the usual sample-based intervals as the sample size
increases.
E.5.3 Variables Modeled
In the 2001 NHSDA, a set of 19 measures covering a variety of aspects of substance use
and abuse was designated for estimation. For the first 12, three estimates have been produced:
one set based on pooled 1999 and 2000 NHSDA data, another set based on pooled 2000 and
2001 NHSDA data, and a third set measuring the change between the first two estimates.
Estimates of measures of change between two consecutive single years had not been precise
enough to declare significant the size of the annual changes that were observed. For the next six
variables, only estimates based on the pooled 2000 and 2001 data were possible because the
definitions of those variables had changed between 1999 and 2000. The final variable, serious
mental illness (SMI), was added in 2001. The 19 outcome variables are listed as follows:
1. past month use of any illicit drug,
2. past month use of marijuana,
3. perceptions of great risk of smoking marijuana once a month,
4. average annual rates of first use of marijuana,
5. past month use of any illicit drug other than marijuana,
6. past year use of cocaine,
7. past month use of alcohol,
8. past month binge alcohol use,
9. perceptions of great risk of having five or more drinks of an alcoholic beverage once or twice
a week,
10. past month use of any tobacco product,
11. past month use of cigarettes,
12. perceptions of great risk of smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day,
13. past year alcohol dependence or abuse,
14. past year alcohol dependence,
15. past year any illicit drug dependence or abuse,
16. past year any illicit drug dependence,
17. past year dependence or abuse for any illicit drug or alcohol,
18. past year treatment gap, and
19. past year serious mental illness.
E.5.4 Predictors Used in Logistic Regression Models
Local area data used as potential predictor variables in the logistic regression models
were obtained from several sources, including Claritas, the Census Bureau, the FBI (Uniform
Crime Reports), Health Resources and Services Administration (Area Resource File), SAMHSA
(Uniform Facility Data Set), and the National Center for Health Statistics (mortality data). The
major list of sources and potential data items used in the modeling are provided below.
Claritas. The demographic data package called Building Block Basic, Age by Race for
1999 with projections to 2004 was used.
160
Census Bureau. Both 1990 Census (demographic and socioeconomic variables) and 1998
•
•
•
Food Stamp participation rates were used.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. Uniform Crime Report (UCR) arrest totals were used
from http://fisher.lib.Virginia.EDU/crime/; the most current data are for 1998 for most
counties, and previous years' data were used in a few cases.
Health Resources and Services Administration. Some variables were used relating to
income and employment from the Area Resource File (ARF) February 2001 release from
the Bureau of Health Professions, Office of Research and Planning.
National Center for Health Statistics. Mortality data using International Classification of
Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9), 1993 to 1998 were used. The ICD-9 death rate data are from
the National Center for Health Statistics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies. Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS), 2000 data on drug
and alcohol treatment rates were used from Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc.
The following lists provide the specific independent variables that were potential
predictors in the models.
Claritas Data
Description
% Population aged 0-18 in block group
% Population aged 19-24 in block group
% Population aged 25-34 in block group
% Population aged 35-44 in block group
Level
Block group
Block group
Block group
Block group
Block group
% Population aged 45-54 in block group
Block group
% Population aged 55-64 in block group
Block group
% Population aged 65+ in block group
Block group
% Blacks in block group
% Hispanics in block group
% Other race in block group
% Whites in block group
Block group
Block group
Block group
Block group
% Males in block group
% Females in block group
% Asian, Pacific Islander in tract
% Population aged 0-18 in tract
Block group
Tract
% American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut in tract
Tract
Tract
Tract
% Population aged 19-24 in tract
% Population aged 25-34 in tract
% Population aged 35-44 in tract
% Population aged 45-54 in tract
% Population aged 55-64 in tract
% Population aged 65+ in tract
% Blacks in tract
Tract
Tract
Tract
Tract
Tract
Tract
161
Claritas Data
Description
% Hispanics in tract
% Other race in tract
% Whites in tract
% Males in tract
Level
Tract
Tract
Tract
Tract
Tract
% Females in tract
% Population aged 0-18 in county
County
% Population aged 19-24 in county
County
% Population aged 25-34 in county
County
% Population aged 35-44 in county
County
% Population aged 45-54 in county
County
% Population aged 55-64 in county
County
% Population aged 65+ in county
County
% Blacks in county
County
% Hispanics in county
County
% Other race in county
% Whites in county
% Males in county
County
County
County
County
% Females in county
1990 Census Data
Description
Level
% Population who dropped out of high school
Tract
% Housing units built in 1940-1949
Tract
% Persons 16-64 with a work disability
Tract
% Hispanics who are Cuban
Tract
% Females 16 years or older in labor force
Tract
% Females never married
Tract
% Females separated/divorced/widowed/other
Tract
% One-person households
Tract
% Female head of household, no spouse, child ≤18
Tract
% Males 16 years or older in labor force
Tract
% Males never married
% Males separated/divorced/widowed/other
% Housing units built in 1939 or earlier
Average persons per room
% Families below poverty level
Tract
Tract
Tract
Tract
Tract
% Households with public assistance income
Tract
% Housing units rented
Tract
% Population 9-12 years of school, no high school diploma
Tract
% Population 0-8 years of school
Tract
% Population with associate's degree
Tract
% Population some college and no degree
Tract
162
1990 Census Data
Description
Level
% Population with bachelor's, graduate, professional degree
Tract
Median rents for rental units
Tract
Median value of owner-occupied housing units
Tract
Median household income
Tract
Uniform Crime Report Data
Description
Drug possession arrest rate
Drug sale/manufacture arrest rate
Drug violations' arrest rate
Marijuana possession arrest rate
Marijuana sale/manufacture arrest rate
Opium cocaine possession arrest rate
Opium cocaine sale/manufacture arrest rate
Other drug possession arrest rate
Other dangerous non-narcotics arrest rate
Serious crime arrest rate
Violent crime arrest rate
Level
County
County
County
County
County
County
County
County
County
County
County
County
Driving under influence arrest rate¹
Other Categorical Data
Description
Source
Level
=1 if Hispanic, =0 otherwise
Sample
Person
=1 if non-Hispanic Black, =0 otherwise
Sample
Person
=1 if non-Hispanic Other, =0 otherwise
Sample
Person
=1 if male, =0 if female
Sample
Person
=1 if Northeast region, =0 otherwise
1990 Census
State
=1 if Midwest region, =0 otherwise
1990 Census
State
=1 if South region, =0 otherwise
1990 Census
State
=1 if MSA with 1 million +, =0 otherwise
1990 Census
County
=1 if MSA with <1 million, =0 otherwise
1990 Census
County
=1 if non-MSA urban, =0 otherwise
1990 Census
Tract
=1 if underclass tract
Urban Institute
Tract
=1 if no Cubans in tract, =0 otherwise
1990 Census
Tract
=1 if urban area, =0 if rural area
1990 Census
Tract
=1 if no arrests for dangerous non-narcotics, =0 otherwise
UCR
County
Miscellaneous Data
Variable Description
Alcohol death rate, direct cause
Alcohol death rate, indirect cause
Source
Level
ICD-9
County
ICD-9
County
163
Miscellaneous Data
Variable Description
Source
Level
Cigarettes death rate, direct cause
ICD-9
County
Cigarettes death rate, indirect cause
ICD-9
County
Drug death rate, direct cause
ICD-9
County
Drug death rate, indirect cause
ICD-9
County
Alcohol treatment rate
UFDS
County
Alcohol and drug treatment rate
UFDS
County
Drug treatment rate
UFDS
County
% Families below poverty level
ARF
County
Unemployment rate
ARF
County
Per capita income (in thousands)
ARF
County
Food stamp participation rate
Single state agency maintenance of effort²
Block grant awards2
Cost of Services Factor Index (2001-2003)2
Census Bureau
County
National Association of State
State
Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Directors (NASADAD)
SAMHSA
State
SAMHSA
State
Total Taxable Resources Per Capita Index (1998)2
Average suicide rate (1996-1998, per 10,000)¹
U.S. Department of Treasury
ARF
State
County
Indicates additional predictors used to model serious mental illness for 2001.
2 Indicates additional predictors used to model treatment gap for 2000-2001.
E.5.5 Selection of Independent Variables for the Models
For serious mental illness (SMI) modeled using 2001 data alone, independent variables
for each age group were identified by a Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID)
algorithm, which does not use sample weights. Prior to this process, all the continuous variables
were categorized using deciles and were treated as ordinal in CHAID. Region was treated as a
nominal categorical variable in CHAID. Significant (at 3 percent level) independent variables
from each age group model and final nodes in the tree-growing process were identified as
predictor variables destined for inclusion at a later step.
The
Independently, a SAS stepwise logistic regression model was fit for each age group.
SAS stepwise was used because it was able to quickly run all of the variables for all of the
models, although it was recognized that the software would not take into account the complex
sample design. The independent variables included all the first-order or linear polynomial trend
contrasts across the 10 levels of the categorized variables plus the gender, region, and race
variables. Significant variables (at the 3 percent level) were identified from this process. Based
on the combined list from CHAID and SAS, a list of variables was created that included the
corresponding second- and third-order polynomials and the interaction of the first-order
polynomials with the gender, race, and region variables.
Next, the variables were entered into a SAS stepwise logistic model at the 1 percent
significance level. Because of past concerns about overfitting of the data in earlier estimation
using the 1991 to 1993 NHSDA data, the significance levels were made quite stringent. These
164
variables were then entered into a Survey Data Analysis (SUDAAN) logistic regression model
because the SUDAAN software would adjust for the effects of the weights and other aspects of
the complex sample design (RTI, 2001). All variables that were still significant at the 1 percent
significance level were entered into the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes (SWHB) process.
For outcome variables modeled using pooled 2000 and 2001 data, the predictor set was
the same one used in the 1999-2000 analyses, which was obtained using the same variable
selection method described above for SMI.
E.5.6 General Model Description
The model can be characterized as a complex mixed model (including both fixed and
random effects) of the form:
λ = XB + ZU.
Each of the symbols represents a matrix or vector. The leading term Xẞ is the usual
(fixed) regression contribution, and ZU represents random effects for the States and field
interviewer (FI) region groups that the data will support and for which estimates are desired. Not
obvious from the notation is that the form of the model is a logistic model used to estimate
dichotomous data. The λ vector has elements In[πijk /(1 - Tijk)], where the Tijk is the propensity
for the kth person in the jth FI composite region in the ith State to engage in the behavior of
interest (e.g., to use marijuana in the past month). Also not obvious from the notation is that the
model fitting utilizes the final "sample" weights as discussed above. The "sample" weights have
been adjusted for nonresponse and poststratified to known Census counts.
The estimate for each State behaves like a "weighted" average of the design-based
estimate in that State and the predicted value based on the national regression model. The
"weights" in this case are functions of the relative precision of the sample-based estimate for the
State and the predicted estimate based on the national model. The eight large States have large
samples, and thus more "weight" is given to the sample estimate relative to the model-based
regression estimate. The 42 small States and the District of Columbia put relatively more
"weight" on the regression estimate because of their smaller samples. The national regression
estimate actually uses national parameters that are based on the pooled 2000 and 2001 sample;
however, the regression estimate for a specific State is based on applying the national regression
parameters to that State's "local" county, block group, and tract-level predictor variables and
summing to the State level. Therefore, even the national regression component of the estimate
for a State includes "local" State data.
The goal then was to come up with the best estimates of ẞ and U. This would lead to the
best estimates of 2, which would in turn lead to the best estimate of л. Once the best estimate of
л for each block group and each age/race/gender cell within a block group has been estimated,
the results could be weighted by the projected Census population counts at that level to make
estimates for any geographic area larger than a block group.
165
In the model fitting for the pooled 2000 and 2001 data, the small numbers of predictor
variables updated in 2001 were used in both their 2000 and 2001 versions when they appeared in
a model. To produce the 2000-2001 pooled small area estimates, the common fixed and random
effects were first employed to form State estimates л (00) and л (01) for 2000 and 2001
respectively. These annualized State estimates then were combined as population-weighted
averages of the form
л (00 and 01) = [N (00) ⋆ л (00) + N (01) * л (01)] / [N (00) + N (01)],
where N (00) and N (01) are the population counts obtained from Claritas Inc.
E.5.7 Implementation of Modeling
The solution to the equation for л in Section E.5.6 is not straightforward but involves a
series of iterative steps to generate values of the desired fixed and random effects from the
underlying joint distribution. The basic process can be described as follows.
η
Let ẞ denote the matrix of fixed effects, n be the matrix of State random effects i = 1-51,
and v denote the matrix of FI composite region effects j within State i. Because the goal is to
estimate separate models for four age groups, it is assumed that the random effect vectors are
four-variate Normal with null mean vectors and 4×4 covariance matrices D, and Dv,
respectively. To estimate the individual effects, a Bayesian approach is used to represent the joint
density function given the data by ƒ (ẞ, n, v, Dv, Dny). According to the Bayes process, this
can be estimated once the conditional distributions are known:
fi(ẞ | n, v, Dv, Dn, y), ƒ2(Dv, Dn | ẞ, î, v, y), and ƒ³(n, v | ẞ, Dv, Dŋ, y).
To generate random draws from these distributions, MCMC processes need to be used.
There is a body of methods for generating pseudo-random draws from probability distributions
via Markov chains. A Markov chain is fully specified by its starting distribution P(X) and the
transition kernel P (XtX-1).
Each MCMC step that involves the vector of binary outcome variables y in the
conditioning set needs first to be modified by defining a pseudolikelihood using survey weights.
In defining pseudolikelihood, weights are introduced after scaling them to the effective sample
size based on a suitable design effect. Note that with the pseudolikelihood, the covariance matrix
of the pseudoscore functions is no longer equal to the pseudoinformation matrix; therefore, a
sandwich type of covariance matrix was used to compute the design effect. In this process,
weights are largely assumed to be noninformative (i.e., unrelated to the outcome variable y). The
assumption of noninformative weights is useful in finding tractable expressions for the
appropriate information matrix of the pseudoscore functions. The pseudo log-likelihood remains
an unbiased estimate of the finite-population log-likelihood regardless of this assumption.
Step I [ẞan, v, y] (this does not depend on D, Dv)
166
With a flat prior for ẞa, the conditional posterior is proportional to the pseudolikelihood
function. For large samples, this posterior can be approximated by the multivariate normal
distribution with mean vector equal to the pseudomaximum likelihood estimate and with
asymptotic covariance matrix having the associated sandwich form. Assuming that the survey
weights are noninformative makes the age group-specific ẞa vectors conditionally independent
of each other. Therefore, the ẞa can be updated separately at each MCMC cycle.
Step II [ni | ẞ, vi, Dŋ, y] (this does not depend on D、 )
Here, the conditional posterior is proportional to the product of the prior g(n.), the
pseudo-likelihood function fly.) as well as the prior p(ẞ,D₁); this last prior can be omitted as it
does not involve η. To calculate the denominator (or the normalization constant) of the posterior
distribution for η; requires multidimensional integration and is numerically intractable. To get
ni
around this problem, the Metropolis-Hastings (M-H) algorithm is used that requires a dominating
density convenient for Monte Carlo sampling. For this purpose, the mode and curvature of the
conditional posterior distribution are used; these can be simply obtained from its numerator.
Then a Gaussian distribution is used with matching mode and curvature to define the dominating
density for M-H. As with the age group-specific ẞa parameters, the State-specific random effect
vectors η, are conditionally independent of each other and can be updated separately at each
MCMC cycle.
Step III [vij | ẞ, ni, Dv, y] (this does not depend on Dŋ)
Similar to step II.
Step IV [Dn |n], [Dv | v] (here, n and v include all the information from y)
Here, the pseudolikelihood involving design weights comes in implicitly through the
conditioning parameters η and v evaluated at the current cycle. An exact conditional posterior
distribution is obtained because the inverse Wishart priors for D, and D, are conjugate.
E.5.8 Remarks
n
In the NHSDA application, three FI regions were combined to form a minimum of four
substate regions with corresponding random effects. This was done to ensure adequate
sample sizes for estimation purposes.
There is self-calibration built in to the modeling. This is achieved via design effect-scaling
of survey weights incorporated in the conditional posterior density so that small area
estimates for large States become asymptotically equivalent to the design-based estimates.
Similarly, survey-weighted estimates of the fixed parameters (in particular, the intercept)
give calibration of the aggregate of State small area estimates to the national design-based
estimate.
167
•
For posterior variance estimation purposes, the survey weights were largely assumed to be
noninformative. The survey design effects on the posterior variance are therefore restricted
to unequal weighting effects. It was assumed that all the design-related clustering effects
are represented by between-State and between-substate (within-State) variability of random
effects. This does not fully account for variability at lower levels of clustering if the design
is nonignorable. However, sample size is not sufficient at lower levels to support stable
estimates of random effects for area segments.
If the logistic mixed model fits well, the variance estimates should be reasonable. The self-
calibration property provides some protection against model breakdown. Research is
currently under way to develop a new MCMC algorithm that fully accounts for survey
design effects on the small area estimate posterior prediction intervals.
E.6. References
Eyerman, J., & Bowman, K. (2002, January). 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse:
Incentive experiment combined quarter 1 and quarter 2 analysis. Rockville, MD: Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. [Available as a
PDF at http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/methods/incentive.pdf]
Folsom, R. E., & Judkins, D. R. (1997). Substance abuse in states and metropolitan areas:
Model based estimates from the 1991-1993 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse:
Methodology report (DHHS Publication No. SMA 97-3140, Methodology Series M-1).
Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied
Studies. [Available at http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/methods.htm#methods]
Folsom, R. E., Shah, B., & Vaish, A. (1999). Substance abuse in states: A methodological report
on model based estimates from the 1994-1996 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse. In
Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods of the American Statistical Association
(pp. 371-375). Washington, DC: American Statistical Association.
Grau, E. A., Bowman, K. R., Giacoletti, K. E. D., Odom, D. M., & Sathe, N. S. (2001, July).
Imputation report. In 1999 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Methodological resource
book (Vol. 1, Section 4). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, Office of Applied Studies. [Available as a PDF at
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/methods.cfm]
Grau, E. A., Bowman, K. R., Copello, E., Frechtel, P., Licata, A., & Odom, D. M. (2002, July).
Imputation report. In 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Methodological resource
book (Vol. 1, Section 4). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, Office of Applied Studies. [Available as a PDF at
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/methods.cfm]
168
Grau, E. A., Barnett-Walker, K., Copello, E., Frechtel, P., Licata, A., Liu, B., & Odom, D. M.
(2003, May). Imputation report. In 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse:
Methodological resource book (Vol. 1, Section 4). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. [Available as a PDF at
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/methods.cfm]
Office of Applied Studies. (1996). Substance abuse in states and metropolitan areas: Model
based estimates from the 1991-1993 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse-Summary
report. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. [Available
as a WordPerfect 6.1 file at http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/analytic.htm]
RTI. (2001). SUDAAN user's manual: Release 8.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI.
Wright, D. (2002a). State estimates of substance use from the 2000 National Household Survey
on Drug Abuse: Volume I. Findings (DHHS Publication No. SMA 02-3731, NHSDA Series
H-15). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of
Applied Studies. [Available at http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/states.htm]
Wright, D. (2002b). State estimates of substance use from the 2000 National Household Survey
on Drug Abuse: Volume II. Supplementary technical appendices (DHHS Publication No. SMA
02-3732, NHSDA Series H-16). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, Office of Applied Studies. [Available at http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/states.htm]
169
Table E.1 Ratio of Average Widths of Change Between the 1999-2000 Pooled
Data and the 2000-2001 Pooled Data (Based on the Underestimated
Model-Based Correlations)
State
12-17
Age in Years
18-25
26+
Total
Past Month Use of Marijuana
CA
0.84
0.94
0.77
0.72
FL
0.74
1.02
0.72
0.73
IL
0.87
0.99
0.60
0.71
MI
0.74
1.04
0.88
0.84
NY
0.72
0.94
0.54
0.64
OH
0.75
1.01
0.75
0.80
PA
0.74
1.00
0.86
0.86
TX
0.94
1.01
0.38
0.67
Average
0.79
0.99
0.69
0.75
Past Year Use of Cocaine
CA
0.99
0.83
0.59
0.60
FL
0.64
1.20
0.92
1.05
IL
0.90
0.81
0.32
0.50
MI
0.09
0.96
0.79
0.79
NY
0.48
0.75
0.52
0.61
OH
0.44
1.07
0.69
0.87
PA
0.59
0.77
0.46
0.52
TX
0.86
0.97
0.39
0.67
Average
0.63
0.92
0.59
0.70
Past Month Use of Alcohol
CA
0.98
1.08
1.01
1.00
FL
0.82
0.91
1.03
1.01
IL
0.91
1.00
0.92
0.90
MI
0.96
0.99
1.00
0.95
NY
0.98
0.76
0.96
0.96
OH
0.93
0.87
1.09
1.10
PA
0.96
0.83
0.92
0.90
TX
1.25
1.03
1.10
1.07
Average
0.97
0.93
1.01
0.99
Past Month Use of Cigarettes
CA
1.03
1.14
1.02
0.99
FL
0.97
1.05
1.14
1.13
IL
1.04
1.20
1.10
1.12
MI
0.95
1.05
1.04
1.01
NY
0.81
1.10
1.11
1.08
OH
1.05
1.22
1.02
1.02
PA
1.02
1.05
1.10
1.07
TX
1.11
1.27
1.03
1.02
Average
1.00
1.14
1.07
1.05
=
Note: Ratio Average width of model-based PIs of change for substates / Average width of design-based CIs
of change for substates
Note: The change measure is defined as the odds ratio {P2/(1-P2)}/{P1/(1-P1)}, where P1 is the pooled 1999-
2000 small area estimate and P2 is the pooled 2000-2001 small area estimate.
CI = confidence interval; PI = predication interval.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and
2001.
170
Table E.2 Average Correlation Between the 1999-2000 and the 2000-2001 Model-Based
and Design Based Estimates (Based on the Underestimated Model-Based
Correlations)
Age in Years
18-25
State
12-17
26+
Total
ᎠᏴ
MB
ᎠᏴ
MB
ᎠᏴ
MB
ᎠᏴ
MB
Past Month Use of Marijuana
CA
0.3204
0.1217
0.4943
0.1508
0.4107
0.3515
0.3273
0.3701
FL
0.5079
0.1998
0.5020
0.1456
0.3114
0.3024
0.3492
0.3308
IL
0.4133
0.1733
0.4996
0.1649
0.5736
0.3816
0.5988
0.3986
MI
0.3316
0.1322
0.4838
0.1203
0.5615
0.3651
0.5476
0.3843
NY
0.4372
0.2003
0.5343
0.1757
0.4083
0.3752
0.4609
0.3991
OH
0.3827
0.1516
0.6195
0.1514
0.5057
0.3990
0.5723
0.3984
PA
0.4838
0.1611
0.5863
0.1533
0.5799
0.3420
0.6406
0.3549
TX
0.5088
0.1337
0.5064
0.1675
0.3134
0.4462
0.4329
0.4362
Average
0.4346
0.1634
0.5321
0.1540
0.4633
0.3725
0.5094
0.3856
Past Year Use of Cocaine
CA
0.4937
0.1827
0.3807
0.1365
0.4240
0.2833
0.4380
0.3131
FL
0.3228
0.2723
0.4839
0.1286
0.6494
0.2852
0.5982
0.2994
IL
0.6058
0.3017
0.4796
0.1452
0.3945
0.2476
0.4316
0.2724
MI
0.4221
0.2550
0.5056
0.1419
0.5341
0.2935
0.5134
0.3233
NY
0.4502
0.2938
0.4186
0.1903
0.4097
0.2728
0.3996
0.3012
OH
0.5629
0.2872
0.4782
0.1389
0.5790
0.2679
0.5704
0.2887
PA
0.3517
0.2333
0.5553
0.1465
0.4333
0.2681
0.4394
0.2972
TX
0.3932
0.2160
0.3400
0.1274
0.2720
0.2830
0.3627
0.2952
Average
0.4455
0.2633
0.4635
0.1453
0.4662
0.2743
0.4726
0.2972
Past Month Use of Alcohol
CA
0.3987
0.0866
0.5756
0.0821
0.5560
0.1390
0.5808
0.1562
FL
0.4226
0.0998
0.5331
0.1181
0.4971
0.1539
0.5078
0.1659
IL
0.3669
0.1073
0.5651
0.0958
0.4712
0.1379
0.4637
0.1563
MI
0.4200
0.1142
0.4815
0.0836
0.5311
0.1466
0.4978
0.1634
NY
0.4680
0.1147
0.4835
0.1540
0.4485
0.1382
0.4914
0.1571
OH
0.3443
0.1063
0.5001
0.1032
0.4647
0.1207
0.4843
0.1383
PA
0.4636
0.0793
0.6181
0.1300
0.4895
0.1264
0.4856
0.1471
TX
0.6342
0.0738
0.5562
0.1084
0.6464
0.1576
0.6509
0.1700
Average
0.4444
0.0990
0.5351
0.1124
0.5083
0.1401
0.5136
0.1569
Past Month Use of Cigarettes
CA
0.3284
0.0717
0.5193
0.0491
0.5963
0.0760
0.5655
0.0910
FL
0.4907
0.0863
0.5048
0.0912
0.5069
0.0788
0.5184
0.0848
IL
0.4375
0.0827
0.5203
0.0861
0.5016
0.0367
0.5550
0.0577
MI
0.4284
0.0440
0.5433
0.0493
0.4787
0.0555
0.4999
0.0647
NY
0.3974
0.0829
0.5050
0.0715
0.4655
0.0581
0.4643
0.0706
OH
0.4731
0.0688
0.5462
0.0461
0.4433
0.0596
0.4696
0.0714
PA
0.4733
0.0734
0.5898
0.0483
0.4217
0.0558
0.4253
0.0727
TX
0.5882
0.0766
0.6083
0.0544
0.6135
0.1101
0.6321
0.1200
Average
0.4659
0.0735
0.5447
0.0634
0.4931
0.0652
0.5108
0.0778
Note: The design based (DB) correlation is derived from the SUDAAN sampling variance and covariance calculations for P1 and
P2, where P1 is the 1999-2000 pooled small area estimate and P2 is the 2000-2001 pooled small area estimate. SUDAAN
uses between-replicate, within-FI (field interviewer) region, mean squares, and cross products. The DB correlation on the
log-odds scale is the same as on the prevalence scale. The model-based (MB) correlations are Bayes posterior correlations
for the log-odds calculated from the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samples. The MB correlations are
underestimated because the software cannot properly account for the sampling covariance resulting from the 2000 data
overlap.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
171
Table E.3 Ratio of Average Widths of Change Between the 1999-2000 Pooled
Data and the 2000-2001 Pooled Data (Based on the Appropriately
Estimated Model-Based Correlations)
State
12-17
Age in Years
18-25
26+
Total
Past Month Use of Marijuana
CA
0.65
0.72
0.60
0.56
FL
0.55
0.78
0.58
0.58
IL
0.69
0.73
0.49
0.57
MI
0.58
0.76
0.72
0.68
NY
0.56
0.72
0.46
0.54
OH
0.57
0.71
0.62
0.63
PA
0.57
0.71
0.67
0.66
TX
0.68
0.73
0.34
0.55
Average
0.61
0.73
0.56
0.60
Past Year Use of Cocaine
CA
0.71
0.66
0.53
0.54
FL
0.48
0.91
0.76
0.87
IL
0.69
0.64
0.28
0.42
MI
0.07
0.73
0.71
0.71
NY
0.36
0.63
0.44
0.52
OH
0.33
0.82
0.59
0.73
PA
0.47
0.56
0.39
0.43
TX
0.65
0.76
0.36
0.59
Average
0.47
0.71
0.51
0.60
Past Month Use of Alcohol
CA
0.72
0.76
0.73
0.72
FL
0.59
0.66
0.76
0.74
IL
0.67
0.70
0.65
0.63
MI
0.71
0.70
0.73
0.69
NY
0.70
0.55
0.71
0.71
OH
0.68
0.62
0.77
0.77
PA
0.70
0.58
0.66
0.65
TX
0.88
0.71
0.76
0.72
Average
0.71
0.66
0.72
0.70
Past Month Use of Cigarettes
CA
0.77
0.84
0.72
0.70
FL
0.71
0.78
0.81
0.80
IL
0.79
0.85
0.78
0.80
MI
0.69
0.76
0.81
0.78
NY
0.60
0.80
0.82
0.80
OH
0.78
0.84
0.77
0.76
PA
0.77
0.73
0.81
0.78
TX
0.81
0.90
0.75
0.74
Average
0.74
0.81
0.78
0.77
Note: Ratio = Average width of model-based PIs of change for substates / Average width of design-based CIs of
change for substates
Note: The change measure is defined as the odds ratio {P2/(1-P2)}/{P1/(1-P1)}, where P1 is the pooled 1999-
2000 small area estimate and P2 is the pooled 2000-2001 small area estimate.
CI = confidence interval; PI = predication interval.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and
2001.
172
Table E.4 Average Correlation Between the 1999-2000 and the 2000-2001 Model-
Based and Design-Based Estimates (Based on the Appropriately
Estimated Model-Based Correlations)
Age in Years
12-17
18-25
26+
Total
State
ᎠᏴ
MB
ᎠᏴ
MB
ᎠᏴ
MB
ᎠᏴ
MB
Past Month Use of Marijuana
CA
0.3204
0.4760
0.4943 0.4916 0.4107
0.5962
0.3273 0.6235
FL
0.5079
0.5380
0.5020 0.5025
0.3114
0.5441
IL
0.4133
0.4812
0.4996
0.5351
0.5736
MI
0.3316
0.4588
0.4838
0.5279
0.5615
NY
0.4372
0.5092
0.5343
0.5221
0.4083
OH
0.3827
0.5138
0.6195 0.5711
0.5057
PA
0.4838
0.4861
0.5863
0.5708
0.5799
TX
0.5088
Avg.
0.4346
0.5027
0.5371 0.5064 0.5606 0.3134
0.5321 0.5400 0.4633
Past Year Use of Cocaine
0.5820
0.5752 0.5476 0.5944
0.5293 0.4609 0.5668
0.5844 0.5723 0.6269
0.5904 0.6406 0.6112
0.5498 0.4329 0.6190
0.5659 0.5094 0.6010
0.3492 0.5775
0.5988 0.6067
CA
0.4937
0.5673
0.3807 0.4353 0.4240
0.4077
0.4380 0.4349
FL
0.3228
0.5644
0.4839 0.4814
0.6494
0.4919
0.5982 0.5117
IL
0.6058
0.5783
0.4796
0.4570
0.3945
0.4344
0.4316
0.4747
MI
0.4221
0.5396
0.5056
0.4837
0.5341
0.4272
0.5134
0.4568
NY
0.4502
0.5941
0.4186
0.4262
0.4097
0.4536 0.3996
0.4855
OH
0.5629
0.5787 0.4782
0.4728
0.5790
0.4549 0.5704
0.4816
PA
0.3517
0.4995
0.5553
0.5260
0.4333
0.4738 0.4394
0.5086
TX
0.3932
0.5457
0.3400
0.4495 0.2720
0.3754 0.3627
0.4430
Avg.
0.4455
0.5575
0.4635 0.4700 0.4662
Past Month Use of Alcohol
0.4434 0.4726
0.4790
CA
0.3987
0.4984
0.5756 0.5453 0.5560
0.5487
FL
0.4226
0.5282
0.5331
0.5375 0.4971
0.5352
0.5078
0.5808 0.5625
0.5494
IL
0.3669
0.5149
0.5651
0.5542
0.4712
0.5643
0.4637 0.5815
MI
0.4200
0.5062
0.4815
0.5398
0.5311
0.5416
0.4978
0.5613
NY
0.4680
0.5424 0.4835
0.5507
0.4485
0.5272 0.4914
0.5454
OH
0.3443
0.5266
0.5001
0.5399
0.4647
0.5625
0.4843
0.5791
PA
0.4636
0.5073
0.6181
0.5713
0.4895
0.5436
0.4856
0.5583
TX
0.6342
0.5414
0.5562
0.5711
0.6464
0.5996 0.6509
0.6189
Avg.
0.4444
0.5231
0.5351
0.5519 0.5083
0.5533 0.5136 0.5703
Past Month Use of Cigarettes
CA
0.3284
0.4741
0.5193
FL
0.4907
0.5036
0.5048
0.5014
IL
0.4375
0.4614 0.5203
0.5375
0.4868 0.5963
0.5069
0.5016
MI
0.4284
0.5001 0.5433
0.5026
0.4787
NY
0.3974
0.4829 0.5050
0.5028
0.4655
0.4770
OH
0.4731
0.4763 0.5462
0.5427
0.4433
PA
0.4733
0.4727 0.5898
0.5377
0.4217
TX
0.5882
0.5017 0.6083
0.5293
0.6135
Avg.
0.4659
0.4852 0.5447 0.5210
0.5384 0.5655 0.5452
0.5287 0.5184 0.5369
0.5109 0.5550 0.5240
0.4268 0.4999 0.4317
0.4643 0.4851
0.4707 0.4696 0.4830
0.4913 0.4253 0.4996
0.5291 0.6321 0.5345
0.4920 0.5108
0.4931
0.5005
NOTE: The design based (DB) correlation is derived from the SUDAAN sampling variance and covariance
calculations for P1 and P2, where P1 is the 1999-2000 pooled small area estimate and P2 is the 2000-2001
pooled small area estimate. SUDAAN uses between replicate, within-FI (field interviewer) region, mean
squares, and cross products. The DB correlation on the log-odds scale is the same as on the prevalence scale.
The model-based (MB) correlations are Bayes posterior correlations for the log-odds calculated from the
Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The MB correlations are adjusted to account for the sampling
covariance resulting from the 2000 data overlap.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
173
Table E.5 Comparison Between the p Values Obtained from Method 1 and Method 2 for Past Month Use of Marijuana
(continued)
Older
Total
18-25
12-17
See notes at end of table.
0.85
26 0.469
0.549
0.95
Ratio State
0.758
0.802
P
0.72
0.931
0.348
0.940
0.900
0.484
0.889
0.865
0.919
CAL
0.861
0.78
0.946
0.350
0.450
Average
0.471
0.542
0.642
0.709
0.694
0.671
0.965
0.748
0.903
0.780
0.974
CA2
0.872
0.576
0.691
0.633
0.695
MI4
0.397
0.479
0.856
0.956
0.726
0.875
0.851
0.275
0.284
0.658
0.828
CA3
0.162
0.434
0.228
0.317
0.964
МІЗ
0.172
0.313
0.589
0.339
0.467
0.994
0.689
0.682
0.024
0.067
0.756
CA4
0.262
0.410
0.995
0.131
0.268
MI2
0.835
0.863
0.945
0.721
0.866
0.956
0.667
0.278
0.92
0.780
0.91
0.893
0.646
0.97
0.708
Average
0.628
0.402
0.407
0.94
0.521
MII
0.69
0.213
0.307
0.85
0.449
0.531
0.57
0.752
0.749
0.164
0.581
0.809
0.627
0.219
0.364
FL1
0.287
0.94
0.740
0.786
0.716
Average
0.344
0.452
0.558
0.859
0.886
0.634
0.997
0.998
0.338
0.335
0.211
FL2
0.450
0.911
0.959
0.821
0.970
IL4
0.072
0.135
0.291
0.820
0.373
0.782
0.704
0.456
0.601
0.073
0.831
FL3
0.205
0.764
0.758
0.443
0.539
IL3
0.198
0.290
0.395
0.668
0.487
0.578
0.174
0.208
0.325
0.787
0.822
FL4
0.369
0.491
0.298
0.999
0.999
IL2
0.238
0.352
0.552
0.733
0.91
0.628
0.075
0.79
0.531
0.672
0.195
0.716
0.92
0.560
0.650
Average
0.418
0.715
0.636
IL1
0.764
0.94
or p Value(1) p Value(2)
p Value(1)_p Value(2)
Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio
174
Table E.5 (continued)
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
12-17
Note: Ratio = Average p value(2) / Average p value(1).
26 or Older
18-25
Note: p value(1) represents the Bayes significance level obtained from Method 1.
Note: p value(2) represents the Bayes significance level obtained from Method 2.
Note: In method 1, an eight age-group model was fit, where age groups 1 to 4 correspond with the pooled 1999-2000 data and age groups 5 to 8
correspond with pooled 2000-2001 data. The p value for this method was obtained by using the variance of the log-odds produced by fitting this
model. In method 2, a 12 age-group model was fit. Age groups 1 to 4 correspond with the 1999 data, age groups 5 to 8 with the 2000 data, and age
groups 9 to 12 correspond with the 2001 data. The p values were obtained using the correlation produced from this method and the variances of the
logits produced in method 1.
0.84
Total
0.92
State
0.80
Ratio
0.87
) p Value(2)
Average across substates
Value(2)
Value(1p 0.83
Ratio 0.396
0.478
0.91
0.596
0.414
0.676
0.993
0.457
0.90
0.916
0.995
NY1
0.711
0.903
0.979
0.981
0.789
0.89
0.614
0.692
Average 0.303
0.460
0.265
0.366
0.535
0.038
0.110
NY2
0.331
0.367
0.565
0.197
0.679
0.584
0.132
0.993
0.995
TX4
0.438
0.441
0.453
0.590
0.497
NY3
0.349
0.451
0.534
0.479
0.885
0.778
0.912
0.694
0.742
0.461
0.786
TX3
0.609
0.350
0.841
0.241
0.337
0.667
0.272
0.802
NY4
0.327
0.474
0.440
0.520
0.870
0.906
0.547
0.636
TX2
0.459
0.604
0.638
0.85
0.513
0.713
0.602
0.656
0.753
0.542
0.85
Average
0.523
0.657
0.222
0.716
0.349
0.95
TX1
0.542
0.79
0.89
0.406
0.484
0.513
0.91
0.583
0.555
0.672
0.668
0.694
0.761
0.739
0.486
OHI
0.76
0.435
0.574
0.86
0.324
0.448
0.483
0.561
Average
0.703
0.228
0.308
0.143
0.409
0.680
0.543
0.622
OH2
0.728
0.676
0.568
0.442
0.570
0.627
0.331
0.466
PA4
0.766
0.238
0.378
0.543
0.388
OH3
0.685
0.452
0.646
0.582
0.291
0.442
0.549
0.551
0.594
0.692
0.415
PA3
0.947
0.642
0.283
0.398
0.253
0.924
0.722
0.778
OH4
0.579
0.421
0.628
0.819
0.577
0.704
0.937
0.949
PA2
0.676
0.434
0.612
0.532
0.518
0.76
0.916
0.439
Average
0.90
0.933
0.429
0.580
0.578
0.578
0.91
0.646
0.80
0.069
0.136
ΡΑΙ
0.412
Value(1) p p Value(1)___p Value(2) Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio
175
Ratio
(continued)
0.95
0.97
0.99
0.90
Table E.6 Comparison Between the p Values Obtained from Method 1 and Method 2 for Past Year Use of Cocaine
12-17
18-25
26 or Older
Total
State
p Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio | p Value(1) ____p Value(2)
Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2)
CA1
0.765
0.672
0.831
0.793
0.689
0.664
0.810
0.792
CA2
0.946
0.931
0.375
0.263
0.936
0.931
0.671
0.645
CA3
0.989
0.985
0.841
0.799
0.384
0.331
0.380
0.333
CA4
0.945
0.924
0.575
0.505
0.962
0.957
0.745
0.714
Average
0.911
0.878
0.96
0.656
0.590
0.90
0.743
0.721
0.97
0.652
0.621
FLI
0.783
0.713
0.872
0.837
0.979
0.976
0.984
0.982
FL2
0.956
0.941
0.476
0.398
0.894
0.872
0.913
0.894
FL3
0.500
0.406
0.856
0.792
0.947
0.936
0.944
0.930
FL4
0.642
0.555
0.934
0.914
0.972
0.967
0.973
0.969
Average
0.720
0.654
0.91
0.785
0.735
0.94
0.948
0.938
0.99
0.954
0.944
ILI
0.823
0.762
0.383
0.210
0.826
0.781
0.601
0.486
IL2
0.782
0.739
0.698
0.658
0.829
0.803
0.756
0.725
IL3
0.594
0.508
0.720
0.675
0.650
0.604
0.624
0.582
IL4
0.643
0.532
0.336
0.203
0.683
0.662
0.445
0.382
Average
0.711
0.635
0.89
0.534
0.437
0.82
0.747
0.713
0.95
0.607
0.544
MII
0.989
0.987
0.367
0.283
0.853
0.839
0.504
0.474
MI2
0.867
0.831
0.594
0.464
0.929
0.920
0.873
0.858
МІЗ
0.985
0.979
0.983
0.978
0.737
0.707
0.775
0.740
MI4
0.665
0.594
0.483
0.370
0.645
0.611
0.967
0.963
Average
0.877
0.848
0.97
0.607
0.524
0.86
0.791
0.769
0.97
0.780
0.759
See notes at end of table.
176
Table E.6 (continued)
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
Older
18-25
Note: Ratio = Average p value(2) / Average p value(1).
26 or 12-17
Note: p value(1) represents the Bayes significance level obtained from Method 1.
Note: p value(2) represents the Bayes significance level obtained from Method 2.
Note: In method 1, an eight age-group model was fit, where age groups 1 to 4 correspond with the pooled 1999-2000 data and age groups 5 to 8
correspond with pooled 2000-2001 data. The p value for this method was obtained by using the variance of the log-odds produced by fitting this
model. In method 2, a 12 age-group model was fit. Age groups 1 to 4 correspond with the 1999 data, age groups 5 to 8 with the 2000 data, and age
groups 9 to 12 correspond with the 2001 data. The p values were obtained using the correlation produced from this method and the variances of the
logits produced in method 1.
0.94
Total
0.97
0.87
) Ratio
0.93
(1)
Average across substates
)
0.98
p State
p Ratio
0.821
p 0.841
0.99
0.923
0.928
0.773
0.87
0.736
0.560
0.594
0.306
0.390
0.681
NY1
0.679
0.711
0.526
0.89
0.614
0.692
Average
0.747
0.770
0.441
0.963
0.545
0.964
0.757
0.917
0.939
0.357
NY2
0.478
0.475
0.549
0.926
0.722
0.943
TX4
0.971
0.973
0.714
0.869
0.822
0.926
0.766
0.769
0.879
0.873
NY3
0.885
0.563
0.843
0.937
0.870
0.654
TX3
0.930
0.939
0.867
0.886
0.428
0.527
0.967
0.670
0.970
0.933
NY4
0.538
0.496
0.614
0.925
0.296
0.422
TX2
0.636
0.683
0.717
0.574
0.633
0.893
0.900
0.753
0.90
0.532
0.705
0.668
0.506
0.95
Average
0.850
0.671
0.750
0.88
0.827
TX1
0.88
0.97
0.495
0.565
0.94
0.690
0.735
0.962
0.80
0.512
0.953
0.439
0.550
0.500
0.700
OHI
0.737
0.95
0.411
0.740
0.557
0.780
Average
0.653
0.698
0.836
0.770
0.870
0.899
0.795
0.585
0.778
0.732
OH2
0.763
0.699
0.790
0.811
0.909
0.936
PA4
0.603
0.658
0.943
0.665
0.806
0.653
0.723
0.793
0.927
0.562
OH3
0.989
0.829
0.829
0.811
0.846
PA3
0.987
0.453
0.555
0.156
0.267
0.701
0.758
0.797
0.847
0.542
0.622
OH4
0.252
0.402
0.977
0.981
0.564
0.618
PA2
0.269
0.349
0.733
0.818
0.583
0.623
0.663
0.127
0.96
0.864
0.500
0.897
0.97
0.690
Average
0.269
0.840
0.677
0.721
0.86
PA1
0.94
Value(1) p Value(2ValueValue(2Ratiop Value(1)___p_Value(2) Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2)
177
Table E.7 Comparison Between the p Values Obtained from Method 1 and Method 2 for Past Month Use of Alcohol
(continued)
Total
See notes at end of table.
26 or Older
18-25
12-17
0.59
0.173
0.293
State
)
Value(2) Ratio
0.64
0.217
0.339
0.096
0.103
0.801
0.239
0.175
0.317
CA1
0.707
0.79
0.238
0.380
0.484
0.86
0.585
0.679
Average
0.059
0.179
0.502
0.651
0.324
0.486
0.130
0.273
0.788
0.016
CA2
0.723
0.743
0.627
0.097
0.622
0.716
MI4
0.402
0.531
0.055
0.049
0.524
0.129
0.267
0.819
0.631
0.150
CA3
0.758
0.325
0.157
0.479
0.331
0.464
МІЗ
0.020
0.096
0.842
0.939
0.956
0.546
0.034
0.121
0.336
0.657
CA4
0.496
0.210
0.383
0.780
0.549
0.655
MI2
0.211
0.366
0.466
0.180
0.83
0.483
0.77
0.456
0.332
0.73
0.970
0.645
0.354
0.85
Average
0.551
0.551
0.978
0.358
0.839
0.879
MI1
0.77
0.468
0.606
0.77
0.449
0.587
0.287
0.92
0.306
0.052
0.767
0.835
0.157
0.193
FL1
0.153
0.155
0.88
0.658
0.074
0.743
Average
0.365
0.531
0.819
0.332
0.734
0.386
0.748
0.501
0.806
0.239
FL2
0.826
0.843
0.891
0.622
0.761
0.714
IL4
0.668
0.747
0.837
0.602
0.976
0.875
0.308
0.982
0.624
0.733
FL3
0.154
0.689
0.593
0.711
0.819
0.863
IL3
0.330
0.491
0.943
0.603
0.337
0.491
0.982
0.987
0.829
0.872
FL4
0.465
0.923
0.889
0.920
0.342
0.512
IL2
0.507
0.654
0.734
0.526
0.658
0.711
0.93
0.668
0.377
0.744
0.501
0.461
0.75
0.574
Average
0.80
0.93
0.680
0.819
0.847
0.883
IL1
p Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio p Value(1)
p Value(2Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2)
Ratio p Value(1) p 178
Table E.7 (continued)
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
26 Note: Ratio = Average p value(2) / Average p value(1).
Total
18-25
12-17
or Older
Note: p value(1) represents the Bayes significance level obtained from Method 1.
Note: p value(2) represents the Bayes significance level obtained from Method 2.
Note: In method 1, an eight age-group model was fit, where age groups 1 to 4 correspond with the pooled 1999-2000 data and age groups 5 to 8
correspond with pooled 2000-2001 data. The p value for this method was obtained by using the variance of the log-odds produced by fitting this
model. In method 2, a 12 age-group model was fit. Age groups 1 to 4 correspond with the 1999 data, age groups 5 to 8 with the 2000 data, and age
groups 9 to 12 correspond with the 2001 data. The p values were obtained using the correlation produced from this method and the variances of the
logits produced in method 1.
0.79
0.82
0.80
Ratio
(2)
0.84
Average across Value(1)
p substates
State
Ratio
0.79
p 0.440
0.555
p p 0.80
0.445
Ratio
0.559
0.90
0.859
0.725
0.567
0.780
0.956
0.853
0.806
0.89
NY1
0.671
0.896
0.427
0.939
Average 0.757
0.031
0.171
0.037
0.937
0.441
0.181
0.953
0.261
0.568
0.966
0.704
NY2
0.904
0.955
0.873
0.539
0.667
TX4
0.769
0.839
0.842
0.932
0.888
0.297
0.763
0.458
0.684
0.483
0.950
NY3
0.693
0.773
0.326
0.796
0.864
TX3
0.206
0.381
0.253
0.493
0.419
0.993
0.995
0.834
0.362
0.662
0.784
NY4
0.757
0.337
0.958
0.464
0.970
TX2
0.753
0.827
0.649
0.619
0.747
0.854
0.634
0.987
0.723
0.991
0.88
0.89
0.702
0.94
Average
0.630
0.806
0.392
0.87
0.715
0.528
TX1
0.84
0.547
0.650
0.91
0.684
0.755
0.75
0.233
0.411
0.361
0.388
0.697
0.187
0.579
0.519
OHI
0.580
0.437
0.63
0.249
0.397
Average
0.675
0.761
0.905
0.337
0.438
0.931
0.073
0.359
0.216
0.133
0.156
OH2
0.327
0.271
0.320
0.454
0.219
PA4
0.138
0.305
0.168
0.393
0.340
0.701
0.823
0.877
0.803
0.930
0.950
OH3
0.245
0.855
0.793
0.173
0.317
PA3
0.679
0.764
0.798
0.853
0.852
0.753
0.684
0.432
0.831
0.037
0.789
OH4
0.585
0.128
0.301
0.457
PA2
0.558
0.694
0.769
0.863
0.540
0.650
0.896
0.613
0.357
0.244
0.89
0.729
0.420
0.203
0.406
0.505
Average
0.358
PA1
0.219
0.82
0.61
0.75
Value(1) p ValueValue(2)
Ratio p Value(1)_p_Value(2)
Value(1) p Value(2) 179
Table E.8 Comparison Between the p Values Obtained from Method 1 and Method 2 for Past Month Use of Cigarettes
(continued)
18-25
See notes at end of table.
Total
12-17
26 or Older
State
0.72
p 0.277
0.386
0.75
0.325
Ratio
0.436
0.321
0.498
0.810
0.86
0.742
0.648
0.553
0.554
CAI
0.643
0.90
0.482
0.610
0.681
Average
0.305
0.380
0.508
0.849
0.454
0.495
0.978
0.606
0.780
0.831
0.892
CA2
0.969
0.115
0.291
0.257
0.601
0.690
MI4
0.334
0.425
0.809
0.361
0.733
0.457
0.383
0.965
0.917
0.773
CA3
0.954
0.247
0.883
0.833
0.932
0.951
МІЗ
0.314
0.435
0.678
0.295
0.586
0.577
0.414
0.572
0.541
0.919
CA4
0.407
0.942
0.443
0.457
0.856
0.893
MI2
0.078
0.176
0.581
0.148
0.80
0.266
0.714
0.464
0.404
0.746
0.624
0.674
0.541
0.719
Average
0.86
0.90
0.052
0.191
0.617
MI1
0.67
0.325
0.481
0.87
0.70
0.350
0.503
0.294
0.84
0.469
0.304
0.425
0.559
0.943
0.663
FL1
0.178
0.926
0.75
0.246
0.335
0.447
Average
0.277
0.438
0.687
0.412
0.849
0.823
0.557
0.199
0.736
0.344
FL2
0.771
0.770
0.801
0.812
0.071
0.134
IL4
0.439
0.575
0.536
0.695
0.730
0.797
0.332
0.479
0.791
0.659
FL3
0.700
0.656
0.588
0.758
0.445
0.566
IL3
0.282
0.444
0.861
0.966
0.277
0.029
0.443
0.393
0.977
0.113
FL4
0.261
0.797
0.670
0.757
0.401
0.554
IL2
0.300
0.467
0.741
0.90
0.377
0.335
0.532
0.73
0.698
0.458
0.172
0.593
0.326
0.655
Average
0.423
0.656
0.535
ILI
0.85
0.88
0.595
Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio | p Value(1)
p Value(2)
Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2)
180
(continued)
Table E.8
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
Note: Ratio = Average p value(2) / Average p value(1).
Total
18-25
Note: p value(1) represents the Bayes significance level obtained from Method 1.
Note: p value(2) represents the Bayes significance level obtained from Method 2.
Note: In method 1, an eight age-group model was fit, where age groups 1 to 4 correspond with the pooled 1999-2000 data and age groups 5 to 8
correspond with pooled 2000-2001 data. The p value for this method was obtained by using the variance of the log-odds produced by fitting this
model. In method 2, a 12 age-group model was fit. Age groups 1 to 4 correspond with the 1999 data, age groups 5 to 8 with the 2000 data, and age
groups 9 to 12 correspond with the 2001 data. The p values were obtained using the correlation produced from this method and the variances of the
logits produced in method 1.
12-17
26 or Older
Average across substates
0.81
0.82
p Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio
0.83
p p State
Ratio
0.81
0.92
0.754
0.817
0.040
0.94
0.373
0.153
0.808
0.249
0.860
0.546
NYI
0.647
0.88
0.164
0.655
0.747
0.283
0.89
0.654
0.733
0.857
0.092
Average
0.988
0.063
0.811
0.992
0.207
NY2
0.176
0.928
0.840
0.949
0.787
0.612
0.727
0.591
0.717
0.373
TX4
0.106
0.742
0.193
0.451
0.346
0.472
NY3
0.247
0.311
0.804
0.888
0.914
0.705
0.783
0.157
0.317
0.296
0.276
0.682
TX3
0.545
0.416
0.485
0.560
NY4
0.354
0.438
0.658
0.657
0.749
0.327
0.496
0.986
0.989
0.361
TX2
0.370
0.76
0.489
0.473
0.739
0.215
0.813
0.329
0.65
0.760
Average
0.827
0.76
0.477
0.974
0.76
0.982
0.882
0.910
0.360
TX1
0.84
0.523
0.622
0.684
0.85
0.411
0.473
0.547
0.280
0.640
OH1
0.420
0.82
0.572
0.541
0.281
0.557
0.675
0.78
0.406
0.520
0.529
0.941
Average
0.928
0.953
0.456
0.639
0.580
OH2
0.472
0.899
0.633
0.593
0.537
0.526
0.660
0.582
0.672
0.103
0.231
0.069
PA4
0.417
0.552
0.015
0.272
OH3
0.102
0.251
0.668
0.563
0.677
0.261
0.438
0.129
0.247
0.942
0.853
0.317
PA3
0.488
0.500
0.889
0.617
OH4
0.908
0.933
0.971
0.979
0.681
0.923
0.774
0.450
0.586
0.535
PA2
0.400
0.507
0.176
0.581
0.82
0.306
0.591
0.181
0.312
0.75
Average
0.758
0.87
0.587
0.827
0.463
0.486
0.84
0.492
0.574
ΡΑΙ
Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio p Value(1) p Value(2)
Value(1) p Value(2) Ratio 181
Table E.9 Relative Absolute Bias for Change Between Pooled 1999-2000 Data and Pooled
2000-2001 Data for Past Month Marijuana Use
Age in Years
State
12-17
18-25
26+
Total
CA (design-based)
1.10
1.06
1.08
1.08
Average across 4 substates
1.06
1.06
1.01
1.03
Relative Absolute Bias
3.04
0.29
6.74
4.18
FL (design-based)
1.21
0.98
0.93
0.99
Average across 4 substates
1.10
1.02
0.99
1.02
Relative Absolute Bias
9.20
3.88
5.65
2.87
IL (design-based)
0.97
1.22
1.33
1.21
Average across 4 substates
1.01
1.16
1.13
1.12
Relative Absolute Bias
3.88
4.27
15.06
7.72
MI (design-based)
1.26
1.05
1.01
1.06
Average across 4 substates
1.14
1.05
1.05
1.06
Relative Absolute Bias
9.96
0.58
4.31
0.10
NY (design-based)
1.14
1.10
1.43
1.22
Average across 4 substates
1.04
1.11
1.07
1.07
Relative Absolute Bias
8.71
1.24
25.53
12.21
OH (design-based)
1.13
1.04
1.05
1.06
Average across 4 substates
1.06
1.05
1.10
1.07
Relative Absolute Bias
5.79
1.11
4.42
1.49
PA (design-based)
1.24
1.15
1.07
1.11
Average across 4 substates
1.12
1.08
1.07
1.08
Relative Absolute Bias
9.67
5.40
0.62
2.87
TX (design-based)
1.02
0.99
1.37
1.11
Average across 4 substates
1.08
1.01
1.18
1.08
Relative Absolute Bias
6.10
1.65
13.55
2.62
Average Relative Absolute Bias
7.04
2.30
9.48
4.26
Note: Relative absolute bias = 100*abs(Average model-based change over 4 substates - Large State design-based change) /
Large State design-based change.
Note: The change measure is defined as the odds ratio {P2/(1-P2)}/{P1/(1-P1)}, where P1 is the pooled 1999-2000 small area
estimate and P2 is the pooled 2000-2001 small area estimate.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
182
Table E.10 Relative Absolute Bias for Change Between Pooled 1999-2000 Data and
Pooled 2000-2001 Data for Past Year Use of Cocaine
Age in Years
State
12-17
18-25
26+
Total
CA (design-based)
0.98
1.12
1.31
1.21
Average across 4 substates
0.97
1.08
1.10
1.08
Relative Absolute Bias
0.51
3.92
16.27
10.46
FL (design-based)
0.84
0.79
0.79
0.80
Average across 4 substates
0.93
0.95
1.02
0.99
Relative Absolute Bias
11.54
19.50
29.31
24.10
IL (design-based)
0.71
1.29
1.43
1.33
Average across 4 substates
0.90
1.16
1.10
1.10
Relative Absolute Bias
26.64
10.71
23.10
17.29
MI (design-based)
1.26
0.94
0.65
0.83
Average across 4 substates
1.02
1.03
0.93
0.97
Relative Absolute Bias
18.44
10.07
43.20
17.23
NY (design-based)
0.82
1.27
1.23
1.21
Average across 4 substates
0.90
1.13
1.04
1.06
Relative Absolute Bias
9.71
10.81
15.46
12.36
OH (design-based)
1.10
0.85
0.92
0.90
Average across 4 substates
0.97
1.00
0.97
0.98
Relative Absolute Bias
11.51
17.03
5.74
9.10
PA (design-based)
1.14
1.27
1.17
1.20
Average across 4 substates
1.00
1.15
1.10
1.10
Relative Absolute Bias
12.02
10.08
6.23
8.12
TX (design-based)
0.87
0.98
1.11
1.00
Average across 4 substates
0.91
0.97
1.00
0.97
Relative Absolute Bias
4.14
0.93
9.99
3.00
Average Relative Absolute Bias
11.81
10.38
18.66
12.71
Note: Relative absolute bias = 100*abs(Average model-based change over 4 substates - Large State design-based change) /
Large State design-based change.
Note: The change measure is defined as the odds ratio {P2/(1-P2)}/{P1/(1-P1)}, where P1 is the pooled 1999-2000 small area
estimate and P2 is the pooled 2000-2001 small area estimate.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
183
Table E.11 Relative Absolute Bias for Change Between Pooled 1999-2000 Data and
Pooled 2000-2001 Data for Past Month Use of Alcohol
Age in Years
State
12-17
18-25
26+
Total
CA (design-based)
0.94
1.07
1.01
1.02
Average across 4 substates
0.96
1.08
1.08
1.07
Relative Absolute Bias
1.84
0.82
6.44
5.02
FL (design-based)
1.14
0.96
1.09
1.07
Average across 4 substates
1.09
0.95
1.05
1.04
Relative Absolute Bias
4.97
1.17
3.41
3.18
IL (design-based)
1.03
0.99
1.08
1.05
Average across 4 substates
1.04
1.00
1.02
1.02
Relative Absolute Bias
1.70
0.87
4.73
3.46
MI (design-based)
1.06
1.10
1.11
1.09
Average across 4 substates
1.05
1.10
1.11
1.10
Relative Absolute Bias
1.43
0.18
0.44
0.27
NY (design-based)
1.03
1.00
0.96
0.97
Average across 4 substates
1.04
1.02
1.00
1.00
Relative Absolute Bias
0.91
1.69
3.62
3.03
OH (design-based)
1.04
1.08
1.01
1.02
Average across 4 substates
1.04
1.08
1.06
1.06
Relative Absolute Bias
0.21
0.14
5.30
4.00
PA (design-based)
1.16
1.15
1.07
1.08
Average across 4 substates
1.12
1.08
1.04
1.04
Relative Absolute Bias
3.77
6.13
3.00
3.25
TX (design-based)
0.99
1.01
1.01
1.01
Average across 4 substates
1.00
1.03
1.06
1.05
Relative Absolute Bias
1.73
1.23
5.15
4.04
Average Relative Absolute Bias
2.07
1.53
4.01
3.28
Note: Relative absolute bias = 100*abs(Average model-based change over 4 substates - Large State design-based change) /
Large State design-based change.
Note: The change measure is defined as the odds ratio {P2/(1-P2)}/{P1/(1-P1)}, where P1 is the pooled 1999-2000 small area
estimate and P2 is the pooled 2000-2001 small area estimate.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
184
Table E.12 Relative Absolute Bias for Change Between Pooled 1999-2000 Data and
Pooled 2000-2001 Data for Past Month Use of Cigarettes
Age in Years
State
12-17
18-25
26+
Total
CA (design-based)
0.96
1.00
1.02
1.02
Average across 4 substates
1.00
0.98
0.97
0.97
Relative Absolute Bias
3.44
1.87
5.20
4.23
FL (design-based)
0.99
1.07
0.96
0.97
Average across 4 substates
0.96
1.03
0.96
0.97
Relative Absolute Bias
2.43
3.02
0.47
0.25
IL (design-based)
0.87
1.03
1.00
0.99
Average across 4 substates
0.89
1.02
1.00
1.00
Relative Absolute Bias
2.02
0.84
0.51
0.30
MI (design-based)
0.95
1.00
1.02
1.01
Average across 4 substates
0.94
1.01
0.99
0.99
Relative Absolute Bias
1.35
1.22
3.50
2.51
NY (design-based)
1.02
1.10
0.88
0.92
Average across 4 substates
1.01
1.07
0.91
0.94
Relative Absolute Bias
0.38
2.64
2.63
1.41
OH (design-based)
0.93
0.95
1.03
1.01
Average across 4 substates
0.91
0.97
1.01
1.00
Relative Absolute Bias
1.80
2.32
1.30
0.81
PA (design-based)
0.90
1.04
1.01
1.00
Average across 4 substates
0.91
1.03
1.00
1.00
Relative Absolute Bias
1.50
0.96
0.65
0.55
TX (design-based)
0.96
0.99
1.01
1.00
Average across 4 substates
0.96
0.98
0.99
0.99
Relative Absolute Bias
0.36
0.37
1.69
1.33
Average Relative Absolute Bias
1.66
1.65
1.99
1.42
Note: Relative absolute bias = 100*abs(Average model-based change over 4 substates - Large State design-based change) /
Large State design-based change.
Note: The change measure is defined as the odds ratio {P2/(1-P2)}/{P1/(1-P1)}, where P1 is the pooled 1999-2000 small area
estimate and P2 is the pooled 2000-2001 small area estimate.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
185
Table E.13 Relative Absolute Bias for Past Month Use of Marijuana Based on Pooled 1999
and 2000 Data
Age in Years
State
12-17
18-25
26+
Total
CA (design-based)
7.60
13.94
4.16
5.86
Average across 4 substates
7.47
13.45
3.77
5.49
Relative Absolute Bias
1.75
3.54
9.28
6.35
FL (design-based)
6.33
13.31
3.39
4.73
Average across 4 substates
6.80
13.28
3.52
4.87
Relative Absolute Bias
7.39
0.19
3.77
3.02
IL (design-based)
8.57
14.31
2.51
4.70
Average across 4 substates
7.69
14.45
2.75
4.81
Relative Absolute Bias
10.24
1.01
9.66
2.44
MI (design-based)
7.77
16.64
3.53
5.68
Average across 4 substates
8.01
16.92
3.40
5.64
Relative Absolute Bias
3.08
1.69
3.71
0.68
NY (design-based)
6.32
16.77
2.02
4.26
Average across 4 substates
7.08
15.38
2.62
4.63
Relative Absolute Bias
12.08
8.26
29.53
8.69
OH (design-based)
6.07
14.31
2.49
4.40
Average across 4 substates
6.68
13.98
2.44
4.38
Relative Absolute Bias
10.03
2.31
2.17
0.50
PA (design-based)
5.83
14.16
2.79
4.42
Average across 4 substates
6.81
13.91
2.75
4.45
Relative Absolute Bias
16.90
1.75
1.63
0.71
TX (design-based)
6.00
10.41
1.34
3.22
Average across 4 substates
5.84
10.59
1.77
3.55
Relative Absolute Bias
2.65
1.79
32.35
10.19
8.01
2.57
11.51
4.07
Average Relative Absolute Bias
Note: Relative absolute bias
=
100 × abs(Average small area estimate over 4 substates - Large State design-based
estimate) / Large State design-based estimate.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999 and 2000.
186
Table E.14 Relative Absolute Bias for Past Year Use of Cocaine Based on Pooled 1999 and
2000 Data
Age in Years
State
12-17
18-25
26+
Total
CA (design-based)
2.05
4.79
1.29
1.85
Average across 4 substates
2.00
4.76
1.17
1.75
Relative Absolute Bias
2.19
0.65
9.24
5.36
FL (design-based)
1.52
5.96
1.18
1.73
Average across 4 substates
1.55
4.86
1.20
1.63
Relative Absolute Bias
2.18
18.43
1.60
5.78
IL (design-based)
0.96
3.93
1.11
1.47
Average across 4 substates
1.41
4.36
1.08
1.55
Relative Absolute Bias
47.60
10.97
2.88
5.43
MI (design-based)
1.02
5.04
0.86
1.42
Average across 4 substates
1.41
4.72
1.13
1.62
Relative Absolute Bias
38.23
6.34
30.39
14.07
NY (design-based)
1.18
3.87
1.01
1.37
Average across 4 substates
1.46
4.30
1.10
1.53
Relative Absolute Bias
23.10
11.10
9.67
11.32
OH (design-based)
0.78
4.98
0.92
1.43
Average across 4 substates
1.32
4.68
1.07
1.57
Relative Absolute Bias
69.04
6.15
17.00
9.45
PA (design-based)
1.18
4.39
1.00
1.41
Average across 4 substates
1.47
4.57
1.02
1.48
Relative Absolute Bias
25.11
4.01
1.71
4.45
TX (design-based)
2.66
6.10
0.83
1.82
Average across 4 substates
2.32
5.54
1.17
1.95
Relative Absolute Bias
12.90
9.07
41.21
7.17
27.54
8.34
14.21
7.88
Average Relative Absolute Bias
Note: Relative absolute bias = 100
abs(Average small area estimate over 4 substates - Large State design-based
estimate) / Large State design-based estimate.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999 and 2000.
187
Table E.15 Relative Absolute Bias for Past Month Binge Alcohol Use Based on Pooled
1999 and 2000 Data
Age in Years
State
12-17
18-25
26+
Total
CA (design-based)
9.12
32.46
18.58
19.42
Average across 4 substates
9.16
32.16
18.55
19.36
Relative Absolute Bias
0.40
0.93
0.18
0.32
FL (design-based)
7.93
35.02
17.72
18.67
Average across 4 substates
8.79
34.68
17.60
18.62
Relative Absolute Bias
10.94
0.97
0.68
0.28
IL (design-based)
11.53
41.83
21.43
23.13
Average across 4 substates
11.00
41.62
21.00
22.72
Relative Absolute Bias
4.60
0.50
2.00
1.77
MI (design-based)
10.88
42.23
19.08
21.23
Average across 4 substates
10.84
41.12
19.55
21.44
Relative Absolute Bias
0.38
2.64
2.47
1.00
NY (design-based)
10.14
39.47
18.61
20.33
Average across 4 substates
9.92
38.99
18.74
20.35
Relative Absolute Bias
2.25
1.22
0.72
0.11
OH (design-based)
9.97
41.73
20.32
22.04
Average across 4 substates
10.42
41.67
19.95
21.79
Relative Absolute Bias
4.48
0.15
1.84
1.13
PA (design-based)
9.30
42.13
20.55
21.97
Average across 4 substates
10.20
41.92
19.67
21.35
Relative Absolute Bias
9.67
0.50
4.26
2.84
TX (design-based)
11.07
35.62
20.08
21.31
Average across 4 substates
10.78
36.06
20.15
21.39
Relative Absolute Bias
2.59
1.24
0.35
0.39
4.41
1.02
1.56
0.98
Average Relative Absolute Bias
Note: Relative absolute bias
=
100 × abs(Average small area estimate over 4 substates - Large State design-based
estimate) / Large State design-based estimate.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999 and 2000.
188
Table E.16 Relative Absolute Bias for Past Month Use of Cigarettes Based on Pooled 1999
and 2000 Data
Age in Years
State
12-17
18-25
26+
Total
CA (design-based)
8.73
29.62
22.07
21.62
Average across 4 substates
9.16
30.65
21.53
21.41
Relative Absolute Bias
4.93
3.49
2.41
0.98
FL (design-based)
10.92
34.60
25.16
24.85
Average across 4 substates
11.59
35.52
24.92
24.82
Relative Absolute Bias
6.16
2.65
0.96
0.13
IL (design-based)
15.61
43.44
25.57
26.93
Average across 4 substates
15.16
42.31
25.29
26.51
Relative Absolute Bias
2.87
2.60
1.11
1.53
MI (design-based)
15.68
43.81
25.14
26.57
Average across 4 substates
15.91
42.82
26.38
27.42
Relative Absolute Bias
1.45
2.27
4.93
3.17
NY (design-based)
12.28
36.29
23.95
24.31
Average across 4 substates
12.19
36.30
24.08
24.40
Relative Absolute Bias
0.76
0.03
0.54
0.38
|OH (design-based)
15.83
45.66
28.21
29.21
Average across 4 substates
16.06
44.67
27.70
28.71
Relative Absolute Bias
1.45
2.16
1.83
1.71
PA (design-based)
16.21
42.32
24.97
26.14
Average across 4 substates
16.36
41.74
25.32
26.37
Relative Absolute Bias
0.97
1.39
1.44
0.87
TX (design-based)
12.73
34.49
23.12
23.57
Average across 4 substates
12.39
35.11
23.37
23.80
Relative Absolute Bias
2.74
1.79
1.07
0.98
Average Relative Absolute Bias
2.67
2.05
1.79
1.22
Note: Relative absolute bias = 100 × abs(Average small area estimate over 4 substates - Large State design-based estimate) /
Large State design-based estimate.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999 and 2000.
189
Table E.17 Ratio of Average Widths for Pooled 1999 and 2000 Data
State
12-17
Age in Years
18-25
26+
Total
Past Month Use of Marijuana
CA
0.76
0.71
0.75
0.76
FL
0.72
0.76
0.77
0.81
IL
0.62
0.70
0.79
0.74
MI
0.72
0.81
0.73
0.80
NY
0.79
0.70
0.91
0.85
OH
0.67
0.64
0.62
0.67
PA
0.71
0.65
0.65
0.71
TX
0.72
0.72
0.67
0.75
Average
0.71
0.71
0.74
0.76
Past Year Use of Cocaine
CA
0.70
0.66
0.52
0.58
FL
0.53
0.60
0.60
0.64
IL
0.65
0.66
0.46
0.54
MI
0.54
0.58
0.59
0.65
NY
0.46
0.71
0.75
0.79
OH
0.60
0.62
0.61
0.68
PA
0.61
0.59
0.50
0.57
TX
0.62
0.65
0.72
0.71
Average
0.59
0.63
0.59
0.65
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use
CA
0.82
0.76
0.77
0.81
FL
0.71
0.63
0.72
0.73
IL
0.64
0.66
0.70
0.69
MI
0.69
0.75
0.71
0.71
NY
0.74
0.60
0.76
0.77
OH
0.85
0.60
0.75
0.72
PA
0.75
0.59
0.70
0.69
TX
0.79
0.71
0.70
0.72
Average
0.75
0.66
0.73
0.73
Past Month Use of Cigarettes
CA
0.82
0.84
0.65
0.66
FL
0.71
0.74
0.86
0.86
IL
0.67
0.83
0.69
0.69
MI
0.79
0.71
0.73
0.72
NY
0.64
0.76
0.82
0.82
OH
0.72
0.81
0.75
0.75
PA
0.72
0.69
0.81
0.78
TX
0.72
0.74
0.68
0.66
Average
0.72
0.77
0.75
0.74
Note: Ratio = Average width of model-based prediction intervals for substates / Average width of design-based confidence
intervals for substates.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999 and 2000.
190
Overall
Response
68.11
Rate
65.89
67.21
71.03
70.86
64.92
64.84
59.55
50.37
67.24
59.65
76.11
58.48
69.54
74.75
61.56
50.55
71.84
66.72
60.61
69.65
57.83
61.24
63.71
62.08
60.98
Screening
Interview
Response
Response
Table E.18 1999 NHSDA Weighted Screening and Interview Response Rates, by State
Screening Interview
Response Response
Overall
Response
State
Rate
Rate
Rate
State
Rate
Rate
Total
89.63
68.55
61.44
Missouri
91.32
73.59
Alabama
92.60
71.36
66.08
Montana
92.76
76.39
Alaska
91.07
77.20
70.31
Nebraska
89.99
72.05
Arizona
94.43
65.87
62.21
Nevada
79.89
63.05
Arkansas
95.71
80.45
77.00
New Hampshire
85.36
69.87
California
87.47
64.12
56.08
New Jersey
89.65
65.24
Colorado
91.62
65.84
60.32
New Mexico
96.12
77.77
Connecticut
85.62
58.60
50.17
New York
84.28
59.98
Delaware
87.13
58.36
50.85
North Carolina
92.87
71.84
District of Columbia
93.35
79.93
74.61
North Dakota
89.89
77.48
Florida
89.94
68.20
61.33
Ohio
90.35
67.78
Georgia
90.47
66.97
60.59
Oklahoma
91.58
67.79
Hawaii
89.11
67.61
60.25
Oregon
85.20
71.57
Idaho
92.93
75.45
70.11
Pennsylvania
92.34
68.99
Illinois
87.35
63.74
55.68
Rhode Island
86.68
66.72
Indiana
91.68
73.06
66.98
South Carolina
91.96
65.92
Iowa
92.44
69.69
64.41
South Dakota
94.35
76.14
Kansas
90.59
72.89
66.03
Tennessee
90.92
67.70
Kentucky
92.36
73.75
68.12
Texas
92.57
75.12
Louisiana
94.81
76.97
72.98
Utah
93.16
81.70
Maine
89.96
75.18
67.63
Vermont
90.26
74.49
Maryland
87.78
64.66
56.76
Virginia
89.84
66.28
Massachusetts
80.59
61.82
49.82
Washington
86.49
75.06
Michigan
88.21
66.54
58.70
West Virginia
95.59
74.31
Minnesota
89.46
77.72
69.53
Wisconsin
90.19
73.05
Mississippi
94.51
82.77
78.23
Wyoming
93.79
72.62
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999.
191
Overall
Interview
Response Response
73.09
76.61
Rate
Rate
70.81
75.06
65.31
70.80
74.41
78.17
80.21
70.61
76.13
75.45
69.46
74.58
68.75
75.18
68.54
74.44
74.83
80.80
75.12
79.36
69.42
83.44
61.21
66.56
74.00
78.12
80.80
65.39
78.72
72.45
65.46
73.73
72.95
76.67
69.17
73.19
73.71
77.84
79.46
67.63
75.03
74.11
71.92
75.79
69.36
73.50
74.85
67.90
69.66
73.91
Table E.19 2000 NHSDA Weighted Screening and Interview Response Rates, by State
Screening Interview
Overall
Screening
Response
Response
Response
Response
State
Rate
Rate
Rate
State
Rate
Total
92.84
73.93
68.64
Missouri
92.25
Alabama
95.50
77.98
74.47
Montana
94.91
Alaska
95.43
80.24
76.58
Nebraska
93.13
Arizona
92.99
73.78
68.61
Nevada
92.08
Arkansas
97.19
81.00
78.73
New Hampshire
92.41
California
90.99
69.50
63.24
New Jersey
91.96
Colorado
94.84
75.26
71.37
New Mexico
97.43
Connecticut
89.83
71.36
64.10
New York
88.78
Delaware
92.91
68.25
63.42
North Carolina
94.51
District of Columbia
93.50
85.56
80.00
North Dakota
94.43
Florida
94.64
75.73
71.67
Ohio
94.89
Georgia
92.95
69.76
64.84
Oklahoma
93.06
Hawaii
91.95
78.45
72.14
Oregon
91.87
Idaho
93.94
74.45
69.94
Pennsylvania
94.37
Illinois
88.71
65.59
58.19
Rhode Island
91.26
Indiana
92.62
73.87
68.42
South Carolina
94.69
Iowa
94.78
80.00
75.83
South Dakota
95.15
Kansas
92.28
73.45
67.79
Tennessee
90.25
Kentucky
95.79
84.14
80.59
Texas
94.72
Louisiana
95.04
80.81
76.80
Utah
95.11
Maine
92.39
78.46
72.49
Vermont
92.62
Maryland
94.88
76.88
72.94
Virginia
91.44
Massachusetts
89.77
66.45
59.65
Washington
93.59
Michigan
93.19
73.18
68.20
West Virginia
95.19
Minnesota
94.66
80.62
76.32
Wisconsin
94.33
Mississippi
93.60
79.14
74.07
Wyoming
95.41
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2000.
192
92
Interview
72.46
Overall
76.73
Response Response
65.91
Rate
Rate
70.98
66.10
72.95
78.34
70.06
69.38
77.50
74.07
73.68
68.81
76.47
75.20
71.91
74.67
75.37
80.29
71.84
77.18
70.18
76.00
80.23
72.33
61.51
70.28
77.77
70.24
78.45
80.81
74.43
75.64
57.91
68.67
80.36
67.55
66.89
72.11
71.52
63.41
77.62
69.70
73.25
70.21
76.51
74.97
71.51
72.25
69.51
74.69
77.36
Table E.20
2001 NHSDA Weighted Screening and Interview Response Rates, by State
Screening Interview
Overall
Response
Response
Response
Screening
Response
State
Rate
Rate
Rate
State
Rate
Total
91.86
73.31
67.34
Missouri
93.12
Alabama
92.20
73.31
67.59
Montana
95.08
Alaska
96.03
79.62
76.46
Nebraska
94.04
Arizona
93.50
76.41
71.44
Nevada
95.32
Arkansas
96.70
75.36
72.88
New Hampshire
92.35
California
92.46
71.83
66.42
New Jersey
87.52
Colorado
94.78
70.64
66.95
New Mexico
97.07
Connecticut
92.16
69.79
64.32
New York
84.33
Delaware
92.03
69.07
63.57
North Carolina
92.76
District of Columbia
86.40
78.30
67.65
North Dakota
94.38
Florida
91.15
72.34
65.94
Ohio
93.46
Georgia
91.53
70.84
64.84
Oklahoma
93.07
Hawaii
91.13
68.17
62.12
Oregon
93.40
Idaho
93.83
76.75
72.01
Pennsylvania
93.65
Illinois
85.85
64.39
55.28
Rhode Island
90.97
Indiana
92.29
69.68
64.31
South Carolina
94.46
Iowa
94.00
77.52
72.87
South Dakota
94.13
Kansas
94.35
77.32
72.96
Tennessee
94.37
Kentucky
94.76
76.62
72.61
Texas
93.00
Louisiana
94.47
74.21
70.11
Utah
96.19
Maine
90.69
84.36
76.51
Vermont
93.00
Maryland
92.45
79.19
73.21
Virginia
91.50
Massachusetts
89.99
67.51
60.76
Washington
93.67
Michigan
91.28
73.71
67.28
West Virginia
94.34
Minnesota
93.10
79.88
74.36
Wisconsin
92.85
Mississippi
95.62
73.73
70.50
Wyoming
94.44
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2001.
193
Table E.21 Total Number of Respondents in the Incentive Experiment, by State,
for 2001
State
$0
$20
$40
Total
4,233
2,489
2,878
State
Missouri
$0 $20
$40
50 31
40
Alabama
79
45
53 Montana
65
38
69
Alaska
18
10
9 Nebraska
74
23
38
Arizona
63
41
22
Nevada
51
29
75
Arkansas
29
24
10
New Hampshire
91
67
44
California
144
94
93
New Jersey
86
29
30
Colorado
63
54
37
New Mexico
122
25
65
Connecticut
136
66
115
New York
336
209
224
Delaware
120
62
60
North Carolina
26
21
9
District of Columbia
80
54
35
North Dakota
22
17
11
Florida
216
93
142
Ohio
208
106
176
Georgia
28
8
17
Oklahoma
74
58
50
Hawaii
5
11
1
Oregon
68
46 68
Idaho
39
28
23
Pennsylvania
196
103
119
Illinois
313
209
233
Rhode Island
80
48
35
Indiana
7
8
17
South Carolina
71
58
48
Iowa
49
31
29
South Dakota
35 31
41
Kansas
76
42
77
Tennessee
35
36
74
Kentucky
43
25
32
Texas
203
133
90
Louisiana
49
20
17
Utah
80
40
54
Maine
103
42
41
Vermont
21
10
10
Maryland
19
8
15
Virginia
0
0
0
Massachusetts
96
50 55
Washington
75
65
66
Michigan
187
109
157
West Virginia
49
28
39
Minnesota
53
36
24
Wisconsin
0
0
0
Mississippi
43
21 29 Wyoming
57
47
60
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2001.
194
Table E.22 Total Number of Respondents, by State, for 1999, 2000, and 2001
State
1999
2000
2001
State
1999
2000
2001
Total
66,706
71,764
68,929
Missouri
903
893
882
Alabama
826
936
885 Montana
899
914
896
Alaska
879
833
951 Nebraska
847
906
920
Arizona
824
927
964
Nevada
756
925
944
Arkansas
926
960
911
New Hampshire
791
883
913
California
4,681
5,022
3729
New Jersey
933
1,200
1,069
Colorado
865
911
886
New Mexico
830
874
872
Connecticut
768
891
1055
New York
2,669
3,589
4,023
Delaware
883
928
893
North Carolina
1,167 1043
852
District of Columbia
776
918
877
North Dakota
951
896
883
Florida
3,096
3,478
3502
Ohio
3,234 3,678
3,706
Georgia
1,164
1,145
940
Oklahoma
858
973
862
Hawaii
895
945 887
Oregon
915
864
880
Idaho
943
894
936
Pennsylvania
3,460
3,997
3,734
Illinois
3,201
3,660
3558
Rhode Island
789
950
895
Indiana
1,044
1,061
915
South Carolina
832
855
891
Iowa
907
921
961
South Dakota
936
855
931
Kansas
886
897
922
Tennessee
938
947
921
Kentucky
969
1,018
911❘ Texas
3,951
4,020
3,604
Louisiana
934
939
909 Utah
1,280
1031
895
Maine
856
901
896
Vermont
802
981
926
Maryland
887
967 961
Virginia
946 1,047
929
Massachusetts
762
1,002 933
Washington
1,070
1,006
911
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
3,109 3,576
3768
1,019
893
883
955
917
885
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
910
950
876
1,066 1,119
883
918
828
913
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
195
196
Appendix F: Description of the Survey
197
198
Appendix F: Description of the Survey
F.1. Sample Design
The 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) sample design was part
of a coordinated 5-year sample design that will provide estimates for all 50 States plus the
District of Columbia for the years 1999 through 2003. The coordinated design facilitates 50
percent overlap in first-stage units (area segments) between each 2 successive years.
For the 5-year 50-State design, 8 States were designated as large sample States
(California, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas) with samples
large enough to support direct State estimates. Sample sizes in these States ranged from 3,502 to
4,023. For the remaining 42 States and the District of Columbia, smaller, but adequate, samples
were selected to support State estimates using small area estimation (SAE) techniques. Sample
sizes in these States ranged from 852 to 1,069 in 2001.
States were first stratified into a total of 900 field interviewer (FI) regions (48 regions in
each large sample State and 12 regions in each small sample State). These regions were
contiguous geographic areas designed to yield the same number of interviews on average. Within
FI regions, adjacent Census blocks were combined to form the first-stage sampling units, called
area segments. A total of 96 segments per FI region were selected with probability proportional
to population size in order to support the 5-year sample and any supplemental studies that the
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) may choose to field.
Eight sample segments per FI region were fielded during the 2001 survey year.
These sampled segments were allocated equally into four separate samples, one for each
quarter (3-month period) during the year, so that the survey is essentially continuous in the field.
In each of these area segments, a listing of all addresses was made, from which a sample of
203,544 addresses was selected. This sample includes a special supplement added in the New
York City area in quarter 4 to provide greater precision for any analyses of the effect of the
September 11th events. Of the selected addresses, 171,519 were determined to be eligible sample
units. In these sample units (which can be either households or units within group quarters),
sample persons were randomly selected using an automated screening procedure programmed in
a handheld computer carried by the interviewers. The number of sample units completing the
screening was 157,471. Youths (age 12 to 17 years) and young adults (age 18 to 25 years) were
oversampled at this stage. Because of the large sample size associated with this sample, there
was no need to oversample racial/ethnic groups, as was done on NHSDAs prior to 1999. A total
of 89,745 persons were selected nationwide. Consistent with previous NHSDAs, the final
respondent sample of 68,929 persons was representative of the U.S. general population (since
1991, the civilian, noninstitutionalized population) age 12 or older. In addition, State samples
were representative of their respective State populations. More detailed information on the
disposition of the national screening and interview sample can be found in Appendix G.
The survey covers residents of households (living in houses/townhouses, apartments,
condominiums, etc.), noninstitutional group quarters (e.g., shelters, rooming/boarding houses,
college dormitories, migratory workers' camps, halfway houses), and civilians living on military
199
bases. Although the survey covers these types of units (they are given a nonzero probability of
selection), sample sizes of most specific groups are too small to provide separate estimates.
Persons excluded from the survey include homeless people who do not use shelters, active
military personnel, and residents of institutional group quarters, such as correctional facilities,
nursing homes, mental institutions, and long-term hospitals.
To evaluate the effectiveness of respondent incentives in improving response rates in the
NHSDA, an experiment was conducted during the first two quarters of the 2001 survey. A
randomized, split-sample, experimental design was embedded within 251 of the main study FI
regions to compare the impact of $20 and $40 incentive treatments with a $0 control group on
measures of respondent cooperation, data quality, survey costs, and population substance use
estimates. To control for interviewer effects, the same FIs were required to work all of the
control and treatment cases in an FI region whenever possible. A total of 9,600 respondents
participated in the experiment, including 4,233 who received zero incentive (i.e., $0), 2,489 who
received $20, and 2,878 who received $40. All 9,600 respondents were included in the
computation of 2001 NHSDA estimates.
F.2. Data Collection Methodology
The data collection method used in the NHSDA involves in-person interviews with
sample persons, incorporating procedures that would be likely to increase respondents'
cooperation and willingness to report honestly about their illicit drug use behavior.
Confidentiality is stressed in all written and oral communications with potential respondents,
respondents' names are not collected with the data, and computer-assisted interviewing (CAI)
methods, including audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI), are used to provide a
private and confidential setting to complete the interview.
Introductory letters are sent to sampled addresses, followed by an interviewer visit. A 5-
minute screening procedure conducted using a handheld computer involves listing all household
members along with their basic demographic data. The computer uses the demographic data in a
preprogrammed selection algorithm to select 0-2 sample person(s), depending on the
composition of the household. This selection process is designed to provide the necessary sample
sizes for the specified population age groupings.
Interviewers attempt to immediately conduct the NHSDA interview with each selected
person in the household. The interviewer requests the selected respondent to identify a private
area in the home away from other household members to conduct the interview. The interview
averages about an hour and includes a combination of CAPI (computer-assisted personal
interviewing) and ACASI. The interview begins in CAPI mode with the FI reading the questions
from the computer screen and entering the respondent's replies into the computer. The interview
then transitions to the ACASI mode for the sensitive questions. In this mode, the respondent can
read the questions silently on the computer screen and/or listen to the questions read through
headphones and enter his or her responses directly into the computer. At the conclusion of the
ACASI section, the interview returns to the CAPI mode with the interviewer completing the
questionnaire.
200
No personal identifying information is captured in the CAI record for the respondent. At
the end of the day when an interviewer has completed one or more interviews, he or she
transmits the data to RTI in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, via home telephone lines.
F.3. Data Processing
Interviewers initiate nightly data transmissions of interview data and call records on days
when they work. Computers at RTI direct the information to a raw data file that consists of one
record for each completed interview. Even though much editing and consistency checking is
done by the CAI program during the interview, additional more complex edits and consistency
checks are completed at RTI. Cases are retained only if respondents provided data on lifetime
use of cigarettes and at least nine other substances. An important aspect of subsequent editing
routines involves assignment of codes when respondents legitimately skipped out of questions
that definitely did not apply to them (e.g., if respondents never used a drug of interest). For key
drug use measures, the editing procedures identify inconsistencies between related variables.
Inconsistencies in variables pertaining to the most recent period that respondents used a drug are
edited by assigning an "indefinite" period of use (e.g., use at some point in the lifetime, which
could mean use in the past 30 days or past 12 months). Inconsistencies in other key drug use
variables are edited by assigning missing data codes. These inconsistencies are then resolved
through statistical imputation procedures, as discussed below.
F.3.1 Statistical Imputation
For some key variables that still have missing or ambiguous values after editing,
statistical imputation is used to replace ambiguous or missing data with appropriate response
codes. For example, the response is ambiguous if the editing procedures assigned a respondent's
most recent use of a drug to "use at some point in the lifetime," with no definite period within the
lifetime. In this case, the imputation procedures assigned a definite value for when the
respondent last used the drug (e.g., in the past 30 days, more than 30 days ago but within the past
12 months, more than 12 months ago). Similarly, if the response is completely missing, the
imputation procedures replaced missing values with nonmissing ones.
Missing or ambiguous values are imputed using a methodology developed specifically
for the NHSDA in 1999 and called predictive mean neighborhoods (PMN). PMN is a
combination of a model-assisted imputation methodology and a random nearest neighbor hot-
deck procedure. Whenever feasible, the imputation of variables using PMN is multivariate, in
which imputation is accomplished on several response variables at once. Variables requiring
imputation were the core demographic variables, core drug use variables (recency of use,
frequency of use, and age at first use), income, health insurance, and a variety of roster-derived
variables.
In the modeling stage of PMN, the model chosen depends on the nature of the response
variable Y. In the 2001 NHSDA, the models included binomial logistic regression, multinomial
logistic regression, Poisson regression, and ordinary linear regression, where the models
incorporated the design weights.
201
In general, hot-deck imputation replaces a missing or ambiguous value taken from a
"similar" respondent who has complete data. For random nearest neighbor hot-deck imputation,
the missing or ambiguous value is replaced by a responding value from a donor randomly
selected from a set of potential donors. Potential donors are those defined to be "close" to the
unit with the missing or ambiguous value, according to a predefined function, called a distance
metric. In the hot-deck stage of PMN, the set of candidate donors (the "neighborhood") consists
of respondents with complete data who have a predicted mean close to that of the item
nonrespondent. In particular, the neighborhood consists of either the set of the closest 30
respondents, or the set of respondents with a predicted mean (or means) within 5 percent of the
predicted mean(s) of the item nonrespondent, whichever set is smaller. If no respondents are
available who have a predicted mean (or means) within 5 percent of the item nonrespondent, the
respondent with the predicted mean(s) closest to that of the item nonrespondent is selected as the
donor.
In the univariate case, the neighborhood of potential donors is determined by calculating
the relative distance between the predicted mean for an item nonrespondent, and the predicted
mean for each potential donor, then choosing those means defined by the distance metric. The
pool of donors is further restricted to satisfy logical constraints whenever necessary (e.g., age at
first crack use must not be younger than age at first cocaine use).
Whenever possible, missing or ambiguous values for more than one response variable are
considered at a time. In this (multivariate) case, the distance metric is a Mahalanobis distance
rather than a relative Euclidean distance. Whether the imputation is univariate or multivariate,
only missing or ambiguous values are replaced, and donors are restricted to be logically
consistent with the response variables that are not missing. Furthermore, donors are restricted to
satisfy "likeness constraints" whenever possible. That is, donors are required to have the same
values for variables highly correlated with the response. If no donors are available that meet
these conditions, these likeness constraints can be loosened. For example, donors for the age at
first use variable are required to be of the same age as recipients, if at all possible.
Although statistical imputation could not proceed separately within each State due to
insufficient pools of donors, information about each respondent's State of residence was
incorporated in the modeling and hot-deck steps. For most drugs, respondents were separated
into three "State usage" categories as follows: respondents from States with high usage of a
given drug were placed in one category, respondents from States with medium usage into
another, and the remainder into a third category. This categorical "State rank" variable was used
as one set of covariates in the imputation models. In addition, eligible donors for each item
nonrespondent were restricted to be of the same State usage category (i.e., the same "State rank")
as the nonrespondent.
F.3.2 Development of Analysis Weights
The general approach to developing and calibrating analysis weights involved developing
design-based weights, dk, as the inverse of the selection probabilities of the households and
persons. Adjustment factors, ak (2), were then applied to the design-based weights to adjust for
nonresponse, to poststratify to known population control totals, and to control for extreme
weights when necessary. In view of the importance of State-level estimates with the new 50-
202
State design, it was necessary to control for a much larger number of known population totals.
Several other modifications to the general weight adjustment strategy that had been used in past
NHSDAs were also implemented for the first time beginning with the 1999 CAI sample.
Weight adjustments were based on a generalization of Deville and Särndal's (1992) logit
model. This generalized exponential model (GEM) (Folsom & Singh, 2000) incorporates unit-
specific bounds (lk, uk), ke s, for the adjustment factor a(λ) as follows:
ax(λ):
lk (Uk − Ck) + Uk (Ck - l)exp(A x 2 )
(ux −ck) + (Cx − l₁) exp(x2)
where care prespecified centering constants, such that l <ck < uk and Аk = (uk - lk) / [(Uk -
Ck)(Ck - k)]. The variables lk, ck, and u are user-specified bounds, and λ is the column vector of p
model parameters corresponding to the p covariates x. The λ-parameters are estimated by solving
Σx₁da (2) - T₁ = 0,
where Ĩ, denotes control totals that could be either nonrandom, as is generally the case with
poststratification, or random, as is generally the case for nonresponse adjustment.
The final weights w₁ = dаk (λ) minimize the distance function A(w,d) defined as
A(w, d) = [dk
kes
Ak
{(a - (1) 108
ак
log-
Ск
cx - lx
-l k
+ (u-a) log
)log“. –
-
Ик - Ск
This general approach was used at several stages of the weight adjustment process
including (1) adjustment of household weights for nonresponse at the screener level, (2)
poststratification of household weights to meet population controls for various demographic
groups by State, (3) adjustment of household weights for extremes, (4) poststratification of
selected person weights, (5) adjustment of person weights for nonresponse at the questionnaire
level, (6) poststratification of person weights, and (7) adjustment of person weights for extremes.
Every effort was made to include as many relevant State-specific covariates (typically
defined by demographic domains within States) as possible in the multivariate models used to
calibrate the weights (nonresponse adjustment and poststratification steps). Because further
subdivision of State samples by demographic covariates often produced small cell sample sizes,
it was not possible to retain all State-specific covariates (even after meaningful collapsing of
covariate categories) and still estimate the necessary model parameters with reasonable
precision. Therefore, a hierarchical structure was used in grouping States with covariates defined
at the national level, at the Census division level within the Nation, at the State-group within
Census division, and, whenever possible, at the State level. In every case, the controls for total
population within State and the five age groups within State were maintained. Census control
totals by age, race, gender, and Hispanicity were required for the civilian, noninstitutionalized
population of each State. Unlike the population estimates for the 1999 and 2000 NHSDAs,
population estimates for the year 2001 (based on the 1990 Census after taking account of known
demographic changes) were not published because of the natural requirement to use 2000 Census
203
data for this purpose. However, due to extensive processing needed for the 2000 Census data, the
required controls were not available in time for the 2001 NHSDA data processing. As an
alternative, the Population Estimates Branch of the U.S. Bureau of the Census produced, in
response to a special request, the necessary population estimates based on the 1990 Census. Use
of the 1990 Census-based controls for 2001 population estimates certainly helped maintain
comparability with previous years' controls. However, for 2001 the demographic estimation
method was used unlike previous years wherein the 1990 Census 5 percent public use microdata
file (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1992) was used to get the initial breakdown of the published
State-level Census projections of the total residential population (which includes military and
institutionalized) for demographic domains into two groups followed by the raking ratio method
to meet both the State-level residential population counts as well as the national-level civilian
and noncivilian counts for each domain.
Several other enhancements to the weighting procedures also were implemented starting
in 1999. The control of extreme weights through winsorization was incorporated into the
calibration processes for both nonresponse and poststratification adjustment. Winsorization was
used to set bounds for extreme values at prespecified levels, and the GEM model was used to
adjust the weights within bounds for both extreme and nonextreme weights such that the desired
calibration controls were met. A step was added to poststratify the household-level weights to
obtain Census-consistent estimates based on the household rosters from all screened households;
these household roster-based estimates then provided the control totals needed to calibrate the
respondent pair weights for subsequent planned analyses. Also, the adjusted screened household
roster-based estimates provided the control totals for the additional step of poststratifying the
selected persons sample. This additional step takes advantage of the inherent two-phase nature of
the NHSDA design. The final step in poststratification related the respondent person sample to
external Census data (defined within the State whenever possible as discussed above).
F.4.
References
Deville, J. C., & Särndal, C. E. (1992). Calibration estimating in survey sampling. Journal of the
American Statistical Association, 87, 376-382.
Folsom, R. E., & Singh, A. C. (2000). The generalized exponential model for sampling weight
calibration for extreme values, nonresponse, and poststratification. In Proceedings of the
American Statistical Association, Survey Research Methods Section (pp. 598-603). Alexandria,
VA: American Statistical Association.
U.S. Bureau of the Census [producer and distributor]. (1992). Census 1990 microdata-Census
of Population and Housing, 1990: Public use microdata U.S. [machine-readable file].
Washington, DC: Author.
204
Appendix G: Statistical Methods and
Limitations of the Data
205
206
Appendix G: Statistical Methods and
Limitations of the Data
G.1. Target Population
An important limitation of the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA)
estimates of drug use prevalence is that they are only designed to describe the target population
of the survey the civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged 12 or older. Although this
population includes almost 98 percent of the total U.S. population age 12 or older, it excludes
some important and unique subpopulations who may have very different drug-using patterns. For
example, the survey excludes active military personnel, who have been shown to have
significantly lower rates of illicit drug use. Persons living in institutional group quarters, such as
prisons and residential drug treatment centers, are not included in the NHSDA and have been
shown in other surveys to have higher rates of illicit drug use. Also excluded are homeless
persons not living in a shelter on the survey date, another population shown to have higher than
average rates of illicit drug use. Appendix H describes other surveys that provide data for these
populations.
G.2. Nonsampling Error
Nonsampling errors can occur from nonresponse, coding errors, computer processing
errors, errors in the sampling frame, reporting errors, and other errors not due to sampling.
Nonsampling errors are reduced through data editing, statistical adjustments for nonresponse,
close monitoring and periodic retraining of interviewers, and improvement in various quality
control procedures.
Although nonsampling errors can often be much larger than sampling errors,
measurement of most nonsampling errors is difficult or impossible. However, some indication of
the effects of some types of nonsampling errors can be obtained through proxy measures, such as
response rates and from other research studies.
G.2.1 Screening and Interview Response Rate Patterns
Response rates for the NHSDA were stable for the period from 1994 to 1998, with the
screening response rate at about 93 percent and the interview response rate at about 78 percent
(response rates discussed in this appendix are weighted). In 1999, the computer-assisted
interviewing (CAI) screening response rate was 89.6 percent, and the interview response rate
was 68.6 percent. A more stable and experienced field interviewer (FI) workforce improved
these rates in 2000 and continued in 2001. Of the 171,519 eligible households sampled for the
2001 NHSDA main study, 157,471 were successfully screened for a weighted screening
response rate of 91.9 percent (Table G.1). In these screened households, a total of 89,745 sample
persons were selected, and completed interviews were obtained from 68,929 of these sample
persons, for a weighted interview response rate of 73.3 percent (see Table G.5). A total of 13,478
(16.5 percent) sample persons were classified as refusals or parental refusals, 4,681 (5.3 percent)
were not available or never at home, and 2,657 (4.9 percent) did not participate for various other
reasons, such as physical or mental incompetence or language barrier (Table G.2). Tables G.3
207
and G.4 show the distribution of the selected sample by interview code and age group. The
weighted interview response rate was highest among 12 to 17 year olds (82.2 percent), females
(74.6 percent), blacks and Hispanics (75.0 and 78.8 percent, respectively), in nonmetropolitan
areas (76.7 percent), and among persons residing in the South (74.4 percent) (Table G.5).
The overall weighted response rate, defined as the product of the weighted screening
response rate and weighted interview response rate, was 61.5 percent in 1999, 68.6 percent in
2000, and 67.3 percent in 2001. Nonresponse bias can be expressed as the product of the
nonresponse rate (1-R) and the difference between the characteristic of interest between
respondents and nonrespondents in the population (Pr - Pnr). Thus, assuming the quantity (P, -
Pnr) is fixed over time, the improvement in response rates in 2000 and 2001 over 1999 will result
in estimates with lower nonresponse bias.
G.2.2 Inconsistent Responses and Item Nonresponse
Among survey participants, item response rates were above 97 percent for most
questionnaire items. However, inconsistent responses for some items, including the drug use
items, were common. Estimates of substance use from the NHSDA are based on the responses to
multiple questions by respondents, so that the maximum amount of information is used in
determining whether a respondent is classified as a drug user. Inconsistencies in responses are
resolved through a logical editing process that involves some judgment on the part of survey
analysts and is a potential source of nonsampling error. Because of the automatic routing through
the CAI questionnaire (e.g., lifetime drug use questions that skip entire modules when answered
"no"), there is less editing of this type than in the paper-and-pencil interviewing (PAPI)
questionnaire used prior to the NHSDA redesign in 1999.
In addition, logical editing is used less often because with the CAI data, statistical
imputation is relied upon more heavily to determine the final values of drug use variables in
cases where there is the potential to use logical editing to make a determination. The combined
amount of editing and imputation in the CAI data is still considerably less than the total amount
used in prior PAPI surveys. For the 2001 CAI data, for example, 6.7 percent of the estimate of
past month hallucinogen use was based on logically edited cases and 6.6 percent on imputed
cases, for a combined amount of 13.3 percent. In the 1998 NHSDA (administered using PAPI),
the amount of editing and imputation for past month hallucinogen use was 60.3 and 0.0 percent,
respectively, for a total of 60.3 percent. The combined amount of editing and imputation for the
estimate of past month heroin use was 5.7 percent for the 2001 CAI and 37.0 percent for the
1998 PAPI data.
G.2.3 Validity of Self-Reported Use
NHSDA estimates are based on self-reports of drug use, and their value depends on
respondents' truthfulness and memory. Although many studies have generally established the
validity of self-report data and the NHSDA procedures were designed to encourage honesty and
recall, some degree of underreporting is assumed (Harrell, 1997; Harrison & Hughes, 1997;
Rouse, Kozel, & Richards, 1985). No adjustment to NHSDA data is made to correct for this. The
methodology used in the NHSDA has been shown to produce more valid results than other self-
report methods (e.g., by telephone) (Aquilino, 1994; Turner, Lessler, & Gfroerer, 1992).
However, comparisons of NHSDA data with data from surveys conducted in classrooms suggest
208
that underreporting of drug use by youths in their homes may be substantial (Gfroerer, 1993;
Gfroerer, Wright, & Kopstein, 1997).
G.3. Incidence Estimates
The average annual numbers of marijuana initiates and rates by State were obtained using
small area estimation (SAE) methods applied to the pooled 2000-2001 survey data and are,
therefore, different from incidence estimates reported in the other reports. NHSDA State
estimates of each substance use measure are produced by combining an estimate of the measure
based on the State sample data with the estimate of the measure based on a national regression
model applied to local-area county and Census block group/tract-level estimates from the State.
The parameters of the regression model are estimated from the entire national sample. Because
the 42 smaller (in terms of population) States and the District of Columbia have smaller samples
than the eight large States, estimates for the smaller States rely more heavily on the national
model. The model for each substance use measure typically utilizes from 50 to 100 independent
variables in the estimation. These variables include basic demographic characteristics of
respondents (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, and gender), demographic and socioeconomic
characteristics of the Census tract or block group (e.g., average family income and percentage of
single-mother households), and county-level substance abuse and other indicators (e.g., rate of
substance abuse treatment, drug arrest rate, and drug- and alcohol-related mortality rate).
Population counts by State and age group are applied to the estimated rates to obtain the
estimated number of persons with the substance use characteristic. Corresponding to each SAE
estimate is a 95 percent prediction interval (PI) that indicates the precision of the estimate. The
PI accounts for variation due to sampling, as well as variation due to the model, and is derived
from the process that generates the State SAE. There is a 95 percent probability that the true
value lies within the interval.
The incidence estimates discussed in this report are based on the combination of two
separate SAE measures, calculated from the pooled 2000-2001 data:
number of marijuana initiates during the past 24 months, and
number of persons who have never used marijuana.
Each of these measures is generated independently using SAE, by State and age group. The
following formula was used to generate the average annual rate of first use of marijuana for each
State:
Average annual incidence rate ={(Number of marijuana initiates in past 24 months)/
[(Number of marijuana initiates in past 24 months * 0.5) +
Number of persons who never used marijuana]}/2
For diseases, the incidence rate for a population, IR, is defined as the number of new
cases of the disease, N, divided by the person time, PT, of exposure (i.e., IR = N / PT). The
person time of exposure can be measured for the full period of the study or for a shorter period.
The person time of exposure
time of exposure ends at the time of diagnosis (e.g., Greenberg, Daniels, Flanders,
Eley, & Boring, 1996, pp. 16-19). Similar conventions are applied for defining the incidence of
first use of a substance.
209
Beginning in 1999, the NHSDA questionnaire allows for collection of year and month of
first use for recent initiates. Month, day, and year of birth also are obtained directly or imputed in
the process. In addition, the questionnaire call record provides the date of the interview. By
imputing a day of first use within the year and month of first use reported or imputed, the key
respondent inputs in terms of exact dates are known. Using these respondent inputs, one can
determine whether a person's first use episode occurred in the 24 months prior to the interview.
With person time of exposure measured in terms of 2-year units of time, the correct
multiplier for the number of initiates in the past 24 months in the denominator of the SAE-based
Average annual incidence rate is the average fraction of the exposure interval experienced prior
to the initiation. Direct survey estimates of this average fraction of exposure experience prior to
the initiation could be formed for each State-by-age-group combination, but direct estimates
would be too imprecise to include in the SAE incidence rate estimation. Instead, the average
fraction of exposure among initiates was assumed to be ½ of the 2-year exposure period. This
approximation follows from the assumption that initiation episodes are distributed uniformly
over the 2-year exposure period. Note that the "never" users at interview were all exposed for the
full 2-year initiation period. The 24-month SAE incidence rates were then transformed into
average 12-month or average annual rates by the ½ multiplier. Alternatively, one can view the
final multiplication by ½ as transforming the person time units of exposure in the denominator of
the rate from the number of 2-year exposure units to the number of person years of exposure.
G.4. Serious Mental Illness Estimates
For the 2001 NHSDA, mental health among adults was measured using a scale to
ascertain serious mental illness (SMI). This scale consisted of six questions that ask respondents
how frequently they experienced symptoms of psychological distress during the 1 month in the
past year when they were at their worst emotionally. The use of this scale is based on a
methodological study designed to evaluate several screening scales for measuring SMI in the
NHSDA. These scales consisted of a truncated version of the World Health Organization (WHO)
Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) scale (Kessler, Andrews,
Mroczek, Üstün, & Wittchen, 1998), the K10/K6 scale of nonspecific psychological distress
(Furukawa, Kessler, Slade, & Andrews, 2003), and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule
(WHO-DAS) (Rehm et al., 1999).
The methodological study to evaluate the scales consisted of 155 respondents selected
from a first-stage sample of 1,000 adults age 18 or older. First-stage respondents were selected
from the Boston metropolitan area and screened on the telephone to determine whether they had
any emotional problems. Respondents reporting emotional problems at the first stage were
oversampled when selecting the 155 respondents at the second stage. The selected respondents
were interviewed by trained clinicians in their home using both the NHSDA methodology and a
structured clinical interview. The first interview included the three scales described above using
audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI). Respondents completed the ACASI portion
of the interview without discussing their answers with the clinician. After completing the ACASI
interview, respondents were then interviewed using the 12-month nonpatient version of the
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) (First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1997)
and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) (Endicott, Spitzer, Fleiss, & Cohen, 1976) to
classify respondents as either having or not having SMI.
210
The data from the 155 respondents were analyzed using logistic regression analysis to
predict SMI from the scores on the screening questions. Analysis of the model fit indicated that
each of the scales alone and in combination were significant predictors of SMI and the best
fitting models contained either the CIDI-SF or the K6/K10 alone. Receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the precision of the scales to
discriminate between respondents with and without SMI. This analysis indicated that the K6 was
the best predictor. The results of the methodological study are described in more detail in Kessler
et al. (2002, 2003).
To score the items on the K6 scales, they were first coded from 0 to 4 and summed to
yield a number between 0 and 24. This involved transforming response categories for the six
questions (DSNERV1, DSHOPE, DSFIDG, DSNOCHR, DSEFFORT, and DSDOWN) given
below so that "all of the time" is coded 4, "most of the time" is coded 3, "some of the time" 2, "a
little of the time" 1, and "none of the time" 0, with "don't know" and "refuse" also coded 0.
Summing across the transformed responses obtains a score with a range from 0 to 24.
Respondents with a total score of 13 or greater were classified as having a past year SMI. This
cutpoint was chosen to equalize false positives and false negatives.
The questions comprising the K6 scale are given below:
DSNERV1
Most people have periods when they are not at their best emotionally. Think of
one month in the past 12 months when you were the most depressed, anxious, or
emotionally stressed. If there was no month like this, think of a typical month.
During that month, how often did you feel nervous?
1
2
All of the time
Most of the time
Some of the time
3
4
A little of the time
5
None of the time
DK/REF
Response categories are the same for the following questions:
DSHOPE
DSFIDG
During that same month when you were at your worst emotionally... how often
did you feel hopeless?
During that same month when you were at your worst emotionally... how often
did you feel restless or fidgety?
•
DSNOCHR During that same month when you were at your worst emotionally . . how often
did you feel so sad or depressed that nothing could cheer you up?
DSEFFORT During that same month when you were at your worst emotionally... how often
did you feel that everything was an effort?
211
DSDOWN During that same month when you were at your worst emotionally... how often
did you feel down on yourself, no good, or worthless?
G.5. References
Aquilino, W. S. (1994). Interview mode effects in surveys of drug and alcohol use: A field
experiment. Public Opinion Quarterly, 58, 210-240.
Endicott, J., Spitzer, R. L., Fleiss, J. L., & Cohen, J. (1976). The Global Assessment Scale: A
procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of General
Psychiatry, 33, 766-771.
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1997). Structured Clinical
Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP).
New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research.
Furukawa, T. A., Kessler, R. C., Slade, T., & Andrews, G. (2003). The performance of the K6
and K10 screening scales for psychological distress in the Australian National Survey of Mental
Health and Well-Being. Psychological Medicine, 33, 357-362.
Gfroerer, J. (1993). An overview of the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse and related
methodological research. In Proceedings of the Survey Research Section of the American
Statistical Association, Joint Statistical Meetings, Boston, Massachusetts, August 1992 (pp. 464-
469). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
Gfroerer, J., Wright, D., & Kopstein, A. (1997). Prevalence of youth substance use: The impact
of methodological differences between two national surveys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 47,
19-30.
Greenberg, R. S., Daniels, S. R., Flanders, W. D., Eley, J. W., & Boring, J. R. (1996). Medical
epidemiology. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.
Harrell, A. V. (1997). The validity of self-reported drug use data: The accuracy of responses on
confidential self-administered answer sheets. In L. Harrison & A. Hughes (Eds.), The validity of
self-reported drug use: Improving the accuracy of survey estimates (NIH Publication No. 97-
4147, NIDA Research Monograph 167, pp. 37-58). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug
Abuse. [Also available at
http://165.112.78.61/pdf/monographs/monograph167/download 167.html]
Harrison, L., & Hughes, A. (Eds.). (1997). The validity of self-reported drug use: Improving the
accuracy of survey estimates (NIH Publication No. 97-4147, NIDA Research Monograph 167).
Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. [Also available at
http://165.112.78.61/pdf/monographs/monograph167/download167.html]
Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S.-L., Walters,
E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and
trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32, 959-976.
212
Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Mroczek, D., Üstün, T. B., & Wittchen, H.-U. (1998). The World
Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF).
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 7, 171-185.
Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J.,
Normand, S.-L. T., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2003). Screening
for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 184-189.
Rehm, J., Üstün, T. B., Saxena, S., Nelson, C. B., Chatterji, S., Ivis, F., & Adlaf, E. (1999). On
the development and psychometric testing of the WHO screening instrument to assess
disablement in the general population. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research,
8, 110-123.
Rouse, B. A., Kozel, N. J., & Richards, L. G. (Eds.). (1985). Self-report methods of estimating
drug use: Meeting current challenges to validity (DHHS Publication No.ADM 85-1402, NIDA
Research Monograph 57). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Turner, C. F., Lessler, J. T., & Gfroerer, J. C. (Eds.). (1992). Survey measurement of drug use:
Methodological studies (DHHS Publication No. ADM 92-1929). Rockville, MD: National
Institute on Drug Abuse.
213
Table G.1 Weighted Percentages and Sample Sizes for 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by Screening
Result Code
1999 NHSDA
2000 NHSDA
2001 NHSDA
Sample Weighted
Sample
Weighted
Sample
Weighted
Screening Result
Size Percentage
Size Percentage
Size Percentage
Total Sample
223,868
100.00
215,860
100.00
203,544
100.00
Ineligible cases
36,026
15.78
33,284
15.09
32,025
15.40
Eligible cases
187,842
84.22
182,576
84.91
171,519
84.60
Ineligibles
36,026
100.00
33,284
100.00
32,025
100.00
Vacant
18,034
49.71
16,796
50.76
16,489
51.71
Not a primary residence
4,516
12.90
4,506
13.26
4,706
14.69
Not a dwelling unit
4,626
12.70
3,173
9.33
2,913
8.66
All military personnel
482
1.22
414
1.21
327
0.93
Other, ineligible
8,368
23.46
8,395
25.43
7,590
24.00
Eligible Cases
187,842
100.00
182,576
100.00
171,519
100.00
Screening complete
169,166
89.63
169,769
92.84
157,471
91.86
No one selected
101,537
54.19
99,999
55.36
90,530
52.11
One selected
44,436
23.63
46,981
25.46
43,601
25.94
Two selected
23,193
11.82
22,789
12.03
23,340
13.82
Screening not complete
18,676
10.37
12,807
7.16
14,048
8.14
No one home
4,291
2.38
3,238
1.82
3,383
1.90
Respondent
unavailable
651
0.36
415
0.24
392
0.24
Physically or
mentally incompetent
419
0.24
310
0.16
357
0.20
Language barrier-
Hispanic
102
0.06
83
0.05
130
0.09
Language barrier-
other
486
0.28
434
0.27
590
0.39
Refusal
11,097
5.92
7,535
4.14
8,525
4.93
Other, access denied
1,536
1.08
748
0.45
613
0.35
Other, eligible
38
0.02
7
0.00
9
0.00
Other, problem case
56
0.03
37
0.02
49
0.03
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
214
Table G.2 Weighted Percentages and Sample Sizes for 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by Final
Interview Code, among Persons Aged 12 or Older
1999 NHSDA
2000 NHSDA
2001 NHSDA
Sample
Weighted
Sample
Weighted
Sample
Final Interview Code
Size Percentage
Size Percentage
Size
Weighted
Percentage
Total Selected Persons
89,883
100.00
91,961
100.00
89,745
100.00
Interview complete
66,706
68.55
71,764
73.93
68,929
73.31
No one at dwelling unit
1,795
2.13
1,776
2.02
1,728
2.00
Respondent unavailable
3,897
4.53
3,058
3.52
2,953
3.30
Breakoff
50
0.07
72
0.09
79
0.12
Physically/mentally
incompetent
1,017
2.62
1,053
2.57
1,020
2.43
Language barrier-Spanish
168
0.12
109
0.08
190
0.17
Language barrier-Other
480
1.46
441
1.06
470
1.30
Refusal
11,276
17.98
10,109
14.99
10,961
15.60
Parental refusal
2,888
1.01
2,655
0.88
2,517
0.92
Other
1,606
1.53
924
0.86
898
0.86
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
Table G.3 Weighted Percentages and Sample Sizes for 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by Final
Interview Code, among Youths Aged 12 to 17
1999 NHSDA
2000 NHSDA
2001 NHSDA
Sample
Final Interview Code
Weighted
Size Percentage
Sample
Weighted
Size Percentage
Sample
Size
Weighted
Percentage
Total Selected Persons
32,011
100.00
31,242
100.00
28,188
100.00
Interview complete
25,384
78.07
25,756
82.58
23,178
82.18
No one at dwelling unit
322
1.09
278
0.86
254
0.92
Respondent unavailable
872
3.04
617
2.05
551
2.13
Breakoff
13
0.03
18
0.05
17
0.05
Physically/mentally
incompetent
244
0.76
234
0.76
219
0.79
Language barrier-Spanish
15
0.03
10
0.03
18
0.08
Language barrier-Other
58
0.18
50
0.20
34
0.11
Refusal
1,808
5.97
1,455
4.52
1.247
4.14
Parental refusal
2,885
9.50
2,641
8.35
2,517
8.95
Other
410
1.33
183
0.59
153
0.64
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
215
Table G.4 Weighted Percentages and Sample Sizes for 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by Final
Interview Code, among Persons Aged 18 or Older
1999 NHSDA
2000 NHSDA
2001 NHSDA
Sample
Weighted
Sample
Weighted
Sample
Final Interview Code
Size Percentage
Size Percentage
Size
Weighted
Percentage
Total Selected Persons
57,872
100.00
60,719
100.00
61,557
100.00
Interview complete
41,322
67.41
46,008
72.92
45,751
72.29
No one at dwelling unit
1,473
2.25
1,498
2.16
1,474
2.12
Respondent unavailable
3,025
4.71
2,441
3.69
2,402
3.43
Breakoff
37
0.07
54
0.09
62
0.13
Physically/mentally
incompetent
773
2.85
819
2.78
801
2.62
Language barrier-Spanish
153
0.13
99
0.09
172
0.18
Language barrier-Other
422
1.62
391
1.16
436
1.43
Refusal
9,468
19.41
8,654
16.22
9,714
16.92
Parental refusal
3
0.00
14
0.01
0
0.00
Other
1,196
1.55
741
0.89
745
0.88
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
216
Weighted
76.72%
Response
74.66%
Rate
71.00%
73.31%
73.51%
82.18%
74.44%
75.51%
73.25%
71.75%
71.02%
71.92%
66.65%
74.58%
74.98%
78.78%
72.65%
Table G.5 Response Rates and Sample Sizes for the 1999 to 2001 NHSDAs, by Demographic Characteristics
2001 NHSDA
1999 NHSDA
2000 NHSDA
Selected Completed
Weighted
Response
Weighted
Persons Interviews
Rate
Selected Completed Response
Persons Interviews
Selected Completed
Rate
Persons Interviews
Total
89,883
66,706
68.55%
91,961
71,764 73.93%
89,745
68,929
Age in Years
12-17
32,011
25,384
78.07%
31,242
25,756
82.58%
28,188
23,178
18-25
30,439
22,151
71.21%
29,424
22,849
77.34%
30,304
22,931
26 or older
27,433
19,171
66.76%
31,295
23,159
72.17%
31,253
22,820
Gender
Male
43,883
31,987
67.12%
44,899
34,375
72.68%
43,949
33,109
Female
46,000
34,719
69.81%
47,062
37,389
75.09%
45,796
35,820
Race/Ethnicity
Hispanic
11,203
8,755
74.59%
11,454
9,396
77.95%
10,885
8,777
White
63,211
46,272
67.98%
64,517
49,631
73.39%
63,228
48,016
Black
10,552
8,044
70.39%
10,740
8,638
76.19%
10,584
8,295
All other races
4,917
3,635
59.28%
5,250
4,099
67.31%
5,048
3,841
Region
Northeast
16,794
11,830
64.03%
18,959
14,394
71.68%
19,180
14,444
Midwest
24,885
18,103
69.63%
25,428
19,355
73.23%
25,560
19,212
South
27,390
21,018
70.93%
27,217
22,041
76.38%
26,278
20,609
20,814
15,755
67.47%
20,357
15,974
72.68%
18,727
14,664
West
County Type
Large metropolitan
36,101
25,901
65.15%
37,754
28,744
71.77%
35,395
26,403
Small metropolitan
30,642
22,612
69.98%
31,400
24,579 74.96%
31,740
24,575
Nonmetropolitan
23,140
18,193
74.97%
22,807
18,441 77.58%
22,610
17,951
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
217
218
Appendix H: Other Sources of Data
219
220
Appendix H: Other Sources of Data
A variety of other surveys and data systems collect data on substance use, abuse, and
dependence. It is useful to consider the results of these other studies when discussing the
National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) data. In doing this, it is important to
understand the methodological differences between the different surveys and the impact that
these differences could have on estimates of substance use prevalence. This appendix briefly
describes several of these other data systems, including recent results from them.
In-depth comparisons of the methodologies of the three major federally sponsored
national surveys of youth substance use have been done. In 1997, a comparison between the
NHSDA and Monitoring the Future (MTF) was published (Gfroerer, Wright, & Kopstein, 1997).
In 2000, a series of papers comparing different aspects of the NHSDA, MTF, and the Youth Risk
Behavior Survey (YRBS) was commissioned by the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS). Under contract with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and
Evaluation, Westat identified and funded several experts in survey methods to prepare these
papers. The papers were published in the Journal of Drug Issues (Hennessy & Ginsberg, 2001).
The major findings of this study were as follows:
The design, implementation, and documentation of all three surveys are of high quality.
The surveys exhibit no flaws in the execution of basic survey procedures.
The goals and approaches of these three surveys are very different, making comparisons
between them difficult. The surveys differ significantly in terms of populations covered,
sampling methods, mode of data collection, questionnaires, and estimation methods.
Estimates of substance use are generally highest from the YRBS and lowest from the
NHSDA. The NHSDA probably produces lower rates because it is done in the home,
whereas the other two surveys collect data in school classrooms, away from parents and
other family members.
NHSDA prevalence rates also may be lower because of the NHSDA's requirement of
thorough parental consent prior to youth participation. The greater parental involvement in
consent procedures in the NHSDA, compared with the two school surveys, may suppress
youth reporting of substance use.
H.1. Other State Data
Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)
The YRBS is a component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's)
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), which biennially measures the prevalence
of six priority health risk behavior categories: (a) behaviors that contribute to unintentional and
intentional injuries; (b) tobacco use; (c) alcohol and other drug use; (d) sexual behaviors that
contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); (e) unhealthy
221
dietary behaviors; and (f) physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes national, State, territorial, and
local school-based surveys of high school students.
Sites can add or delete questions in the core questionnaire to better meet the interests and
needs of the State, territory, or city school district. School-based YRBS studies were last
conducted in 2001 among students in grades 9 to 12 in 38 States; however, only 22 States had
overall response rates of 60 percent or better. The YRBS uses a two-stage design, selecting
schools first and then intact classes (Grunbaum et al., 2002). Although there are differences in
the sampling and data collection methodology and in implementation, the NHSDA and YRBS
shared some common results.
For past month use of alcohol, the 2001 YRBS State estimates were significantly higher
than those for the 2000-2001 NHSDA, due in part to the generally older youths present in high
schools than in the targeted household youths who were 12 to 17 years old at the time of the
NHSDA interview. Both surveys showed North Dakota as the State with the highest rate of
current use of alcohol. Of the top five States in the NHSDA, the YRBS did not survey two of
them (Connecticut and New Hampshire) in 2001, included two of them (North Dakota and
Massachusetts) in its top five, and ranked Vermont somewhat lower. For past month use of
marijuana in 2001, Utah reported the least prevalence among students (from the YRBS) and
youths from the 2000-2001 NHSDA. Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Vermont ranked highest
in the YRBS and also were in the top fifth for the NHSDA (CDC, 2003c).
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), administered and supported
by CDC's Behavioral Surveillance Branch, is an ongoing data collection program designed to
measure behavioral risk factors in the civilian noninstitutionalized adult population, 18 years of
age or older, living in households. BRFSS was initiated in 1984 with 15 States collecting
surveillance data on risk behaviors through monthly telephone interviews. The number of States
participating in the survey increased, so that in 2001 the survey included all 50 States and the
District of Columbia. Data are collected from a random sample of adults (one per household)
through a telephone survey. Questions can be developed by participating States and added to the
core questionnaire. State-added questions are not edited or evaluated by the CDC. In general,
BRFSS collects information on access to health care, health status indicators, health risk
behaviors (including cigarette and alcohol use), and the use of clinical preventive services by
State.
Looking at the State estimates of current smokers obtained from the 2000 BRFSS, for
persons age 18 or older, Kentucky reported the highest rate (30.5 percent) and Utah reported the
lowest rate (12.9 percent) (CDC, 2003b). Comparing these BRFSS percentages with the 2000-
2001 NHSDA past month cigarette use rates, for the population age 12 or older, Kentucky had
the highest rate (32.5 percent) and Utah the lowest (16.8 percent). Considering the differences in
sampling methods and the target populations, both surveys yielded similar results.
222
H.2. Other National Data
H.2.1 Illicit Drug Use
Monitoring the Future (MTF)
Monitoring the Future (MTF) is a national survey that tracks drug use trends and related
attitudes among America's adolescents. This survey is conducted annually by the Institute for
Social Research at the University of Michigan through a grant awarded by the National Institute
on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The MTF and NHSDA are the Federal Government's largest and
primary tools for tracking youth substance use. The MTF is composed of three substudies: (a) an
annual survey of high school seniors initiated in 1975; (b) ongoing panel studies of
representative samples from each graduating class that have been conducted by mail since 1976;
and (c) annual surveys of 8th and 10th graders initiated in 1991. In 2001, for all three grades
combined, 435 public and private schools and about 44,300 students were in the sample. The
students completed a self-administered questionnaire during a regular class period (Johnston,
O'Malley, & Bachman, 2002a, 2002b).
Comparisons between the MTF estimates and estimates based on students sampled in the
NHSDA have generally shown NHSDA substance use prevalence levels to be lower than MTF
estimates, with relative differences being largest for 8th graders. The lower prevalences in the
NHSDA may be due to more underreporting in the household setting as compared with the MTF
school setting. The MTF does not survey dropouts, a group generally shown (using the NHSDA)
to have higher rates of use (Gfroerer et al., 1997). However, the direction of trends has generally
been similar between the two surveys. Both surveys showed significant increases in illicit drug
use among adolescents between 1992 and 1996. Comparisons of NHSDA and MTF results for
1999 through 2001, based on NHSDA data collected during January through June to control for
seasonality, generally show similar trends in the prevalence of use of illicit drugs with a few
exceptions. Between 2000 and 2001, the NHSDA showed a significant increase in past year and
past month marijuana use for 10th graders. The NHSDA also showed an increase in lifetime and
past year hallucinogen use for 8th graders, as well as an increase in past month use for 12th
graders. The MTF trend for these drugs remained somewhat stable from 2000 to 2001 (see
Tables H.1 to H.4).
Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)
The 2001 national school-based YRBS used a three-stage cluster sample design to
produce a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 through 12. The 2001 national
YRBS sample included 13,601 students in grades 9 through 12 in the 50 States and the District
of Columbia. The national survey and all of the State and local surveys were conducted during
the spring of 2001, with the exception of Hawaii. The Hawaii surveys were conducted in the fall
of 2001. The students completed a self-administered questionnaire during a regular class period
(CDC, 2003c). In general, this school-based survey found higher rates of alcohol, cigarette,
marijuana, and cocaine use for youths than those found in the NHSDA. Data from the YRBS
showed a decrease in both lifetime and past month marijuana use, but steady prevalence levels
for use of other illicit drugs among 9th through 12th graders. Although the NHSDA showed a
significant increase in marijuana use among 12 to 17 year olds during this time period, the trend
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for other illicit drugs was similar to the YRBS. Although the two surveys generally have shown
similar trends over the years, the prevalence estimates are much higher in the YRBS (23.9 vs. 8.0
percent in the NHSDA for past month marijuana use in 2001). This is likely due to the difference
in the age groups that are sampled and the dissimilarity of the study designs (school-based vs.
home-based).
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health)
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) is conducted to
measure the effects of family, peer group, school, neighborhood, religious institution, and
community influences on health risks, such as tobacco, drug, and alcohol use. The survey also
asks about substance abuse (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs). The survey consists of three
phases. In Wave 1 (conducted in 1994-95), roughly 90,000 students from grades 7 through 12 at
144 schools around the United States answered brief questionnaires. Interviews also were
conducted with about 20,000 students and their parents in the students' homes. In Wave 2,
students were interviewed a second time in their homes. These interviews took place in 1996.
Wave 3 consists of re-interviews of respondents from Wave 1 and began in July 2001. Survey
results from the first two waves indicated that nearly one fourth of teenagers had ever smoked
marijuana. Nearly 7 percent of 7th and 8th graders used marijuana at least once in the past month
as did 15.7 percent of 9th through 12th graders (Resnick et al., 1997).
Partnership Attitude Tracking Study (PATS)
The Partnership Attitude Tracking Study (PATS) is an ongoing national research study
that tracks drug use and drug-related attitudes among children, teenagers, and their parents. It is
sponsored by the Partnership for a Drug Free America (PDFA). In the 2001 PATS, 6,937
teenagers in grades 7 through 12 completed self-administered questionnaires. The study showed
a decline in overall drug use for adolescents between 1997 and 1999. Drug use rates have been
stable since then. The one exception to this trend is teenage use of Ecstasy. In 2001, PATS
reported that lifetime teenage Ecstasy use was 12 percent, up from 10 percent in 2000 (PDFA,
2003). The 2001 NHSDA showed a similar trend in that lifetime Ecstasy use for 12 to 17 year
olds was 3.2 percent, up from 2.6 percent in 2000. Another exception to the trend was a
significant decrease in inhalant use. The 2001 PATS found that 18 percent of teenagers used
inhalants at some point in their life, down from 21 percent in 2000. Past year and past month use
showed similar declines. The NHSDA showed stable rates of inhalant use between 2000 and
2001 for 12 to 17 year olds. The NHSDA reports notably lower prevalence rates than PATS. The
major difference in these prevalence estimates is likely to be due to the different study designs.
The youth portion of the PATS is a school-based survey. This may elicit more reporting of
sensitive behaviors than the home-based NHSDA.
National Survey of Parents and Youth (NSPY)
The National Survey of Parents and Youth (NSPY) is sponsored by the National Institute
on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to evaluate the Office of National Drug Control Policy's (ONDCP's)
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign. The survey is specifically designed to evaluate
Phase III of the campaign, which began in September 1999 and will run at least until 2003. The
NSPY is divided into two phases. In Phase I, a sample of youths age 9 to 18 and their parents
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were recruited to participate in the in-home survey. In Phase II, the respondents from Phase I
participate in two additional interviews at intervals of 6 to 24 months. The recruitment phase is
broken into three waves, which each consist of national cross-sectional surveys. In October 2001,
ONDCP released its third semiannual report of findings that contained data from all three waves
(available on-line at ONDCP, 2003).
The first two waves of data were collected between November 1999 and December 2000.
Waves 3 and 4 were collected between January 2001 and December 2001. For past month use of
marijuana, the NSPY reported an increase from 7.2 percent in 2000 to 8.0 percent in 2001 for 12
to 18 year olds (see Table H.5 and Hornik et al., 2002). Although this did not represent a
significant increase in the NSPY, the levels mirror the rates reported in the NHSDA for 12 to 17
year olds between 2000 and 2001, 4.8 percent and 5.4 percent, respectively. The increase in the
NHSDA was statistically significant.
The parent component of the NSPY showed slight, but not statistically significant,
increases in both lifetime and past month marijuana use. Lifetime use was 52.8 percent in 2000
and 53.7 percent in 2001 (see Table H.6). Past month marijuana use rose from 2.7 percent in
2000 to 3.4 percent in 2001. The NHSDA showed significant increases in both lifetime and past
month marijuana use among adults. The lifetime estimate for adults age 18 or older increased
from 36.0 percent in 2000 to 38.9 percent in 2001. Past month use rose from 4.5 percent in 2000
to 5.1 percent in 2001.
H.2.2 Alcohol and Tobacco Use
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a continuing nationwide sample survey
that collects data using personal household interviews. The survey is sponsored by the National
Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and provides national estimates of selected health measures.
The survey estimated that 22.9 percent of the population age 18 or older were current cigarette
smokers in 2001 (down from 23.4 percent in 2000) (NCHS, 2003). Among males, 25.3 percent
reported current cigarette smoking compared with 20.8 percent of females age 18 or older.
In the NHIS, current smokers are defined as those who smoke daily, smoked on 1 or
more days in the past month, or quit smoking fewer than 30 days ago (for those who smoked 100
or more cigarettes in their lifetime). In the NHSDA, current cigarette smoking is defined as any
use in the past month. The 2001 NHSDA rate was 31.1 percent for those 18 or older. However,
when using a definition similar to the NHIS's, the 2001 NHSDA estimates that 24.7 percent of
adults age 18 or older were current smokers. Among males, 27.1 percent reported current
cigarette smoking compared with 22.5 percent of females. These do not represent significant
changes from 2000. Although the two surveys employ different methodologies, the NHSDA
produces very similar estimates when using the NHIS definition. The two surveys also have
shown very similar trends in smoking over the years. See Table H.7 for an in-depth comparison
of smoking rates between these two surveys.
The NHIS defines past year alcohol use as having 12 or more drinks in a lifetime and
having 1 or more drinks in the past year. The NHIS rate for past year alcohol use among those 18
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or older was 62.7 percent in 2001, which was not a significant change from 2000 (61.5 percent).
The rates for both males and females remained stable in 2001 (69.3 and 56.6 percent,
respectively). For the NHSDA, past year alcohol use is defined as having had at least one drink
in the past year. The 2001 NHSDA rate for those 18 or older, however, showed a significant
increase in 2001. The rate rose from 65.3 percent in 2000 to 67.1 percent in 2001. Although the
NHSDA rate for males remained stable, females showed a significant increase in alcohol use.
Their rate was 59.4 percent in 2000 and 62.7 percent in 2001. Although the two surveys use
different definitions and methodologies, they have produced similar estimates for past year
alcohol use over the past several years. See Table H.8 for a comparison of past year alcohol use
between the two surveys.
Monitoring the Future (MTF)
This school-based survey showed increases in smoking rates among students from 1991
to 1997. Cigarette smoking peaked in 1996 among 8th and 10th graders nationwide and in 1997
among 12th graders. Since those peak years, cigarette use has gradually declined. Past month
smoking rates found in the MTF for 8th graders were 17.5 percent in 1999, 14.6 percent in 2000,
and 12.2 percent in 2001. Among 10th graders, current smoking rates were 25.7 percent in 1999,
23.9 percent in 2000, and 21.3 percent in 2001. For 12th graders, smoking rates rose steadily
from 28.3 percent in 1991 to 36.5 percent in 1997, but then showed a statistically significant
decline to 31.4 percent in 2000 (Johnston et al., 2002a). This trend continued in 2001 with a rate
of 29.5 for 12th graders. The NHSDA also showed a statistically significant decline in past month
cigarette use among 8th and 12th graders from 1999 to 2000, and the rates remained stable in
2001 for those two grades. See Table H.9 for a comparison of the MTF and NHSDA cigarette
use estimates.
The MTF data have indicated alcohol use among teenagers to be fairly stable over the
past several years. Alcohol consumption in the month prior to the survey was reported by 21.5
percent of 8th graders, 39.0 percent of 10th graders, and 49.8 percent of 12th graders in the 2001
survey. Table H.10 shows how these numbers compare with NHSDA estimates. Although the
NHSDA estimates are lower, they show the same stability in teenage alcohol use as the MTF.
Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)
The YRBS found significant declines in lifetime and past month cigarette use among
students in grades 9 to 12. Lifetime cigarette use declined from 70.4 percent in 1999 to 63.9
percent in 2001 (CDC, 2003c). Past month smoking declined from 34.8 percent in 1999 to 28.5
percent in 2001. The NHSDA also has shown decreases in smoking for youths age 12 to 17. The
NHSDA lifetime rate declined from 37.1 percent in 1999 to 33.6 percent in 2001. The past
month rate showed a similar trend, falling from 14.9 percent in 1999 to 13.0 percent in 2001.
Alcohol use among 9th through 12th graders in the YRBS has remained fairly stable over
the past few surveys. Past month alcohol use was 47.1 percent in the 2001 survey, which was not
a significant change from the estimate of 50.0 percent in the 1999 survey. In contrast, the
NHSDA showed a significant increase in past month alcohol use for youths age 12 to 17 from
2000 to 2001. The rate was 16.5 percent in 1999 and 17.3 percent in 2001. Episodic heavy
drinking (defined as having five or more drinks on one or more occasions in the 30 days prior to
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the survey) also held steady with prevalence rates of 31.5 percent in 1999 and 29.9 percent in the
2001 YRBS. Although the corresponding 2001 NHSDA rate for binge alcohol use among 12 to
17 year olds was much lower (10.6 percent), the NHSDA also showed a level trend between
1999 and 2001.
Partnership Attitude Tracking Study (PATS)
Data from the 2001 PATS shows a continuing decline in cigarette use among teenagers.
For adolescents in grades 7 through 12, the prevalence of past month cigarette use was 28.0
percent in 2001, down from 34.0 percent in 2000 (PDFA, 2003). The NHSDA showed a steady
prevalence level from 2000 to 2001 with rates of 13.4 percent in 2000 and 13.0 percent in 2001
among youths age 12 to 17. Again, the lower prevalence estimates in the NHSDA are likely due
to its home-based study design.
The 2001 PATS found that alcohol use declined from 2000 to 2001. In 2001, 53.0 percent
of teenagers reported using alcohol in the past year, down from 58.0 percent in 2000. This
compares with 33.9 percent of youths age 12 to 17 reporting past year use in the 2001 NHSDA.
The 2001 PATS also found that 35.0 percent of teenagers reported past month alcohol use, down
from 39.0 percent in 2000. The binge drinking estimate decreased slightly from 31.0 percent in
2000 to 30.0 percent in 2001. In comparison, the 2001 NHSDA rates for past month alcohol use
and binge drinking for 12 to 17 year olds were 17.3 and 10.6 percent, respectively. The 2001
NHSDA past month alcohol use rate was significantly higher than the 2000 rate (16.4 percent).
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
The median percentage of adults reporting current cigarette use in 2000 for the
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) was 23.2 percent, a slight increase from
1999 (22.6 percent) (CDC, 2003a). The corresponding NHSDA rate (26.3 percent) was not
statistically different from the 1999 rate (27.0 percent). In 1999, the median percentage of adults
who reported current alcohol use in BRFSS remained stable at 54.2 percent. The 2000 NHSDA
estimate of 50.2 percent also was not a significant change from 1999.
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health)
Results from the 1994-95 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add
Health, described above) indicate that nearly 3.2 percent of 7th and 8th graders smoked six or
more cigarettes a day as did 12.8 percent of 9th through 12th graders (Resnick et al., 1997). In
addition, the Add Health study found that 7.3 percent of 7th and 8th graders used alcohol on 2 or
more days in the past month as did 23.1 percent of 9th through 12th graders.
National Survey of Parents and Youth (NSPY)
The NSPY also collects information on cigarette and alcohol use. In 2001, this survey
estimated that 34.9 percent of youths age 12 to 18 had used cigarettes at some point in their
lifetime (see Table H.11). This represented a significant decline from 2000 (38.0 percent). Past
month cigarette use showed a small, but not statistically significant, decline from 2000 to 2001
(12.9 to 11.7 percent). The NHSDA rates, however, did not show this pattern. The lifetime rate
showed a small decline for 12 to 17 year olds from 2000 to 2001, but the change was not
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statistically significant (34.6 to 33.6 percent). The past month smoking rate for 12 to 17 year olds
showed no change. The rate was 13.4 percent in 2000 and 13.0 percent in 2001. The two surveys
have produced very similar smoking estimates over the past few years.
In 2001, the NSPY estimated that 45.9 percent of youths age 12 to 18 had used alcohol at
some point in their lifetime. This does represent a slight increase, but it is not a statistically
significant change from 2000 (47.3 percent). The estimate for past month use was 36.5 percent
for the same age group. Again, this is not a significant change from 2000 when the rate was 37.7
percent. Although the NHSDA lifetime rate remained stable from 2000 to 2001, the past month
alcohol rate showed a significant increase for 12 to 17 year olds. The rate rose from 16.4 percent
in 2000 to 17.3 percent in 2001. The NSPY generally produces higher alcohol use rates than the
NHSDA, but the trends tend to move in the same direction.
The parent component of the NSPY showed stable rates for lifetime cigarette use. Past
month use, however, showed a significant decline from 2000 to 2001. The rate declined from
27.5 percent in 2000 to 25.2 percent in 2001. Both the lifetime smoking rate and the past month
smoking rate remained stable in the 2001 NHSDA. The lifetime and past month smoking rates
for those age 18 or older were 71.1 and 26.3 percent, respectively. Again, the two surveys
produce very similar estimates for this age group.
Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (CAS)
In 1993, the Harvard School of Public Health conducted a mail survey of students from a
nationally representative sample of colleges. The purpose of the study was to gather data on the
drinking patterns of college students. The study was repeated in 1997, 1999, and 2001. The
survey found that the overall rate of binge drinking did not change substantially from 1993 to
2001 (43.9 to 44.4 percent) (Wechsler et al., 2002). The College Alcohol Study (CAS) defined
binge drinking as the consumption of five or more drinks in a row for men and four drinks in a
row for women. The study found a sizable increase in both the number of students who binge
drank frequently (22.8 percent in 2001 vs. 19.7 percent in 1993) and those who did not drink at
all (19.3 percent in 2001 vs. 16.4 percent in 1993). The 2001 NHSDA binge drinking rate among
full-time undergraduates age 18 to 22 was 42.5 percent. It is useful to note that the NHSDA
defines binge drinking as five or more drinks in a row on at least one occasion in the past month
for both men and women. Despite the different definition of binge drinking, the CAS estimate
and the NHSDA estimate are very similar.
H.2.3 Substance Abuse and Dependence
National Comorbidity Survey (NCS)
The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) was sponsored by the National Institute of
Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the W. T. Grant
Foundation. It was designed to measure the prevalence of the illnesses in the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) (American Psychiatric Association [APA],
1987). The NCS was a household survey consisting of more than 8,000 respondents age 15 to 54.
The interviews took place between 1990 and 1992. The NCS used a modified version of the
Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the University of Michigan's UM-CIDI) for its
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diagnoses. The results showed that 3.6 percent of the population abused or were dependent on
some type of drug in the previous 12 months (Kessler et al., 1994). The corresponding NHSDA
rate for this age group in 2001 was 3.3 percent. Alcohol abuse or dependence, however, showed
a much higher prevalence in the NCS with 14.1 percent of the population abusing or dependent
on the drug in the previous year. Alcohol also had a much higher prevalence in the 2001 NHSDA
(7.7 percent), but it was still well below the NCS rate. When comparing these two studies, one
should keep in mind that they were conducted in two different time periods and they each use a
different set of diagnostic questions. The 2001 NHSDA estimates for abuse and dependence are
based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
(APA, 1994).
National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES)
The National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES) was conducted in
1992 by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 42,862 respondents age 18 or older in
the contiguous United States. NLAES was designed to study the drinking practices, behaviors,
and related problems in the general public. The survey included an extensive set of questions
designed to assess the presence of symptoms of alcohol and drug abuse and dependence during
the prior 12 months, based on the criteria from the DSM-IV (APA, 1994). This study based its
diagnoses on the updated DSM-IV. The survey found that 7.4 percent of adults were abusing or
dependent on alcohol (Grant, 1995). In 2001, the NHSDA found that 6.0 percent of adults were
abusing or dependent on alcohol. NLAES also found that 1.5 percent of adults were abusing or
dependent on some type of illicit drug in the past year. In comparison, the 2001 NHSDA found
that 2.2 percent of adults were abusing or dependent on some illicit drug. Although the estimates
from these two surveys are relatively close, one should note that they were conducted in different
time periods using different methodologies.
H.3. Surveys of Populations Not Covered by the NHSDA
National Survey of Parents and Youth (NSPY)
The NSPY, described above, is distinct in that it measures drug use and attitudes among
youths as young as 9. The NSPY results show that youths age 9 to 11 are strongly opposed to
marijuana use. Wave 3 of the survey estimates that only 0.3 percent of youths age 9 through 11
had used marijuana in the past year. The corresponding rates for Waves 1 and 2 were 0.8 and 0.0
percent, respectively (ONDCP, 2003).
Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area Drug Study (DC*MADS)
The Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area Drug Study (DC*MADS) was designed (a) to
estimate the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of drug abuse among all types of people
residing in one metropolitan area of the country during one period of time with special focus on
populations who were underrepresented or unrepresented in household surveys and (b) to
develop a methodological model for similar types of research in other metropolitan areas of the
country. Sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and conducted from 1989
to 1995 by RTI and Westat, Inc., as the principals, the project included 11 separate but
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coordinated studies that focused on different population subgroups (e.g., homeless people,
institutionalized individuals, adult and juvenile offenders, new mothers, drug abuse treatment
clients) or different aspects of the drug abuse problem (e.g., adverse consequences of drug
abuse). DC*MADS provided a replicable methodological approach for developing representative
estimates of the prevalence of drug abuse among all population subgroups, regardless of their
residential setting, in a metropolitan area. The key population domains in DC*MADS were the
homeless, the institutionalized, and the household. A major finding of DC*MADS was that,
when data are aggregated for populations from each of the three domains, the overall prevalence
estimates for use of drugs differ only marginally from those that would be obtained from the
household population alone (i.e., from the NHSDA), largely because the other populations are
very small compared with the household population. However, a somewhat different picture
emerged when the numbers of drug users were examined. Adding in the nonhousehold
populations resulted in an increase of approximately 14,000 illicit drugs users compared with the
corresponding estimates for the household population. About 25 percent of past year crack users,
20 percent of past year heroin users, and one third of past year needle users were found in the
nonhousehold population (Bray & Marsden, 1999).
Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Military Personnel
The 1998 DoD Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Military Personnel (7th in a
series of studies conducted since 1980) was sponsored by the Department of Defense (DoD) and
conducted by RTI. The sample consisted of 17,264 active-duty Armed Forces personnel
worldwide who completed self-administered questionnaires anonymously that assessed
substance use and other health behaviors. For the total DoD, during the 30 days prior to the date
that a survey was completed, heavy alcohol use declined from 20.8 percent in 1980 to 15.4
percent in 1998; cigarette smoking decreased from 51.0 percent in 1980 to 29.9 percent in 1998;
and use of any illicit drugs declined from 27.6 percent in 1980 to 2.7 percent in 1998 (Bray et al.,
1999). For the latest survey, military personnel exhibited significantly higher rates of heavy
alcohol use than their civilian counterparts (14.2 vs. 9.9 percent) when demographic differences
between the military and civilian populations were taken into account (civilian data were drawn
from the 1997 NHSDA and adjusted to reflect demographic characteristics of the military).
Differences in military and civilian heavy alcohol use rates were largest for men age 18 to 25.
Among this age group, the military rate was nearly twice as high as the adjusted civilian rate
(26.9 vs. 14.9 percent). In contrast, military personnel showed lower rates of cigarette use (29.1
vs. 32.8 percent) compared with civilians, a finding that seems largely due to an increase in
smoking among civilians rather than a significant decrease among military personnel since the
prior survey in 1995. Similarly, rates of illicit drug use in the military were significantly lower
than those observed for the comparable civilian population when demographic differences
between the military and civilian populations were taken into account (2.6 vs. 10.7 percent).
Differences in illicit drug use between the military and civilian populations were more
pronounced for males than females. For males age 18 to 55, 2.8 percent of those in the military
used drugs in the 30 days prior to survey compared with 11.4 percent of the civilian population
(adjusted). For females age 18 to 55, 1.9 percent of those in the military used drugs in the 30
days prior to survey compared with 6.2 percent of the civilian population (adjusted). Nearly all
military personnel reported having been tested for drugs since joining the military.
230
Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities
The 1997 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities sampled inmates
from a universe of 1,409 State prisons and 127 Federal Prisons for the Bureau of Justice
Statistics (BJS). Systematic random sampling was used to select the inmates for the computer-
assisted personal interviews. The final numbers interviewed were 14,285 State prisoners and
4,041 Federal prisoners. Among other items, these surveys collect information on the use of
drugs in the month before the offense for convicted inmates. Women in State prisons (62
percent) were more likely than men (56 percent) to have used drugs in the month before the
offense (BJS, 1999). Women also were more likely to have committed their offense while under
the influence of drugs (40 vs. 32 percent of male prisoners). Among Federal prisoners, men (45
percent) were more likely than women (37 percent) to have used drugs in the past month. Male
and female Federal prisoners were equally likely to report the influence of drugs during their
offense (23 percent of male and 19 percent of female prisoners). The survey results indicate
substantially higher rates of drug use among State and Federal prisoners as compared with the
household population.
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232
Resnick, M. D., Bearman, P. S., Blum, R. W., Bauman, K. E., Harris, K. M., Jones, J., Tabor, J.,
Beuhring, T., Sieving, R. E., Shew, M., Ireland, M., Bearinger, L. H., & Udry, J. R. (1997).
Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent
Health. Journal of the American Medical Association, 278, 823-832.
Wechsler, H., Lee, J. E., Kuo, M., Seibring, M., Nelson, T. F., & Lee, H. (2002). Trends in
college binge drinking during a period of increased prevention efforts: Findings from 4 Harvard
School of Public Health College Alcohol Study surveys: 1993-2001. Journal of American
College Health, 50, 203-217.
233
20501
Sources: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999-2001.
The Monitoring the Future Study, The University of Michigan, 1999-2001.
Table H.1 Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Marijuana among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders
in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001
'MTF = Monitoring the Future.
Survey
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
'Difference between estimate and 2000 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.001 level.
MTF¹
NHSDA (January to June)
- Not available.
Level
--
"Low precision; no estimate reported.
1999
2001
22.4
1999
2000
Time 21.6
2001
2000
23.1
15.1
15.4
16.4
19.8
Lifetime Use
19.7
8th grade
19.4
20.3
12.8
22.0
9.2
20.4
10.9
10th grade
10.3
10.1ª
10.7
9.2
9.1
9.7
3.7
12th grade
40.3
40.9
3.3
26.9
4.5
27.7
29.4
40.1
12th grade
grade
10th
8th grade
234
49.7
34 Past Month Use
38.4
48.8
37.1
41.4
37.0
36.5
49.0
37.8
26.7
26.8
Past Year Use
29.7
8th grade
32.7
15.4
16.5
8.1
32.2
32.1
7.7
10th grade
6.8
15.6
23.5
20.0
21.6
12th grade
Period, by Current Grade 20501
Sources: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999-2001.
The Monitoring the Future Study, The University of Michigan, 1999-2001.
Table H.2 Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cocaine among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders
in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001
'MTF = Monitoring the Future.
Survey
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
'Difference between estimate and 2000 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.001 level.
MTF¹
NHSDA (January to June)
222
Level
2.1
1999
Time Period, 2.1
2.6
2000
1.3
1.8
1999
2001
1.8
2001
0.8
2000
1.2
1.2
Lifetime Use
1.3
8th grade
888
4.7
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.3
4.5
0.9
0.0
889
4.3
1.2
10th grade
0.7
355
3.2
0.1
0.2
7.7
3.2
12th grade
Not available.
3.3
6.9
--
7.5
Low precision; no estimate reported.
12th grade
5.7
Past Year Use
5.4
8th grade
10th grade
8th grade
Past Month Use
9.8
4.8
8.6
5.1
5.0
6.2
10th grade
3.0
8.2
3.6
4.4
4.9
2833
2.5
0.3
225
2.6
2.7
0.5
2.2
0.7
2.8
2.5
4.6
1.9
12th grade
by Current Grade 235
20501
Sources: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999-2001.
The Monitoring the Future Study, The University of Michigan, 1999-2001.
Table H.3 Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Inhalants among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders
in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001
'MTF = Monitoring the Future.
Survey
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
'Difference between estimate and 2000 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.001 level.
MTF¹
NHSDA (January to June)
-- Not available.
Grade Level
Low precision; no estimate reported.
1.7
2000
2001
1999
2000
1999
2.2
2.0
2.4
2001
2.6
2.6
4.0
Lifetime Use
4.5
8th grade
5.0
17.9
10.8
9500
9.7
0.9
19.7
0.8
8.4
0.7
17.1
0.7
0.9
10th grade
10.2
10.6
0.8
482
9.9
1.2
16.6
17.0
0.8
1.4
15.2
4.5
12th grade
°
5.9
15.4
9.5
12.25.6
3.5
3.7
14.2
8.5
4.8
13.0
6.6
7.3
7.2
3.5
Past Year Use
3.5
8th
4.5
3.8
grade
9.1
9.4
4.5
10.3
3.4
12th grade
10th grade
10th grade
8th grade
Past Month Use
12th grade
Time Period, by Current 236

20501
The Monitoring the Future Study, The University of Michigan, 1999-2001.
Table H.4 Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Hallucinogens among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders
in the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001
SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999-2001.
Survey
Sources:
MTF¹
NHSDA (January to June)
'MTF = Monitoring the Future.
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
'Difference between estimate and 2000 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.001 level.
Current Grade Level
2001
2000
1999
- Not available.
Time Period, by Note: Due to a questionnaire change in 2001, comparison of hallucinogen estimates (except lifetime) with prior estimates should be interpreted with caution.
Low precision; no estimate reported.
3.2
1999
2001
2.1
1.2
1233
2000
2.6
2.3
Lifetime Use
3.5
8th grade
3.6
2.3a
1.9a
4.8
2.7
2.4
4.6
10th grade
3.8
2.9
1.7
1.6
4.0
1.4
1.2
12th grade
7.8
1.3
7.3
0.5
8.4
0.2
8.9
0.4
9.7
7.8
8.4
8.1
5.2
13.0
13.6
6.1
12.7
12.2
82
9.4
13.7
9.1
6.9
12.8
6.5
Past Year Use
65
8th grade
6.8
1.6a
1.7a
8.7
4.9
3.0
5.4
2.5
10th grade
2.9
2.8
12th grade
10th grade
grade
8th
Past Month Use
12th grade
237
Table H.5 NSPY Trends in Marijuana Use Across Measures, by Age Group
Percent Reporting Use
Year 2000
Average Waves
Year 2001
Average Waves
Year 2000 to
Use Measure
Lifetime
Age Group
1 and 2 (%)
3 and 4 (%)
2001 % Change
95% CI on
2000-2001
Change
12 to 13
4.9
4.1
-0.8
(-2.4, 0.8)
14 to 15
15.1
18.9
3.8
(-0.3, 7.8)
16 to 18
40.3
39.9
-0.4
(-5.4, 4.6)
12 to 18
21.9
22.6
0.8
(-1.7, 3.2)
Past Year
12 to 13
3.3
2.6
-0.6
(-2.1, 0.8)
14 to 15
11.3
13.8
2.5
(-1.0, 5.9)
16 to 18
29.1
26.8
-2.3
(-6.9, 2.3)
12 to 18
15.8
15.5
-0.3
(-2.5, 1.9)
Past Month
12 to 13
1.4
1.1
-0.3
(-1.2, 0.7)
14 to 15
3.6
7.2
3.6a
(0.9, 6.3)
16 to 18
14.6
14.0
-0.6
(-4.3, 3.0)
12 to 18
7.2
8.0
0.8
(-0.9, 2.5)
Regular
12 to 13
14 to 15
2.2
33235
0.5
0.3
335
-0.3
(-0.7,0.2)
5.4
3.3a
(1.1, 5.4)
16 to 18
12.4
11.7
-0.7
(-4.1, 2.7)
12 to 18
5.6
6.3
0.7
(-0.8, 2.1)
a
Between-year change significant at p < 0.05.
CI = confidence interval.
NSPY = National Survey of Parents and Youth.
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Survey of Parents and Youth, 2000-2001.
238
Table H.6 NSPY Parent Drug Use, 2000 and 2001
Drug Use
2000
2001
Year 2000 to 2001 Change
Percent
95% CI
Percent
95% CI❘ Percent
95% CI
Cigarettes
Lifetime
69.8
(67.9, 71.6)
69.8
(67.5, 72.0)
0.0
(-2.5, -2.4)
Past month
27.5
(25.7, 29.4)
25.2
(23.0, 27.5)
-2.3
(-4.5, -0.1)ª
Alcohol
Lifetime
88.1
(86.5, 89.6)
88.1
(86.1, 89.8)
-0.1
(-2.4, 2.3)
Past month
57.1
(54.8, 59.3)
55.9
(53.0, 58.9)
-1.1
(-4.2, 1.9)
Marijuana
Lifetime
52.8
(50.6, 55.0)
53.7
Past month
2.7
(2.0, 3.6)
3.4
(51.0, 56.4)
(2.4, 4.6)
0.9
(-1.9, 3.7)
0.7 (-0.6, 1.9)
a
Between-year change significant at p < 0.05.
CI= confidence interval.
NSPY = National Survey of Parents and Youth.
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Survey of Parents and Youth, 2000-2001.
239
Table H.7 Past Month Cigarette Use among Adults Aged 18 Years or Older, by Gender
and Age Group: United States, 1999-2001, NHIS and NHSDA
Gender and Age
Group (Years)
Total
Study
NHIS
1999
Percent (SE)
2000
Percent (SE)
2001
Percent (SE)
23.7 (0.32)
23.4 (0.32)
22.9 (0.30)
NHSDA
25.4 (0.39)
24.7 (0.34)
24.7 (0.35)
18 to 25
NHIS
28.6 (0.96)
27.2 (0.95)
27.8 (0.96)
NHSDA
33.4 (0.47)
32.4 (0.46)
33.3 (0.46)
26+
NHIS
22.8 (0.32)
22.7 (0.33)
22.1 (0.29)
NHSDA
24.1 (0.43)
23.4 (0.39)
23.2 (0.40)
18 to 20
NHIS
25.9 (1.60)
24.7 (1.45)
26.0 (1.47)
NHSDA
33.0 (0.67)
31.9 (0.69)
32.0 (0.73)
21 to 25
NHIS
30.2 (1.18)
28.8 (1.12)
28.9 (1.13)
NHSDA
33.7 (0.63)
32.8 (0.56)
34.2 (0.55)
26 to 34
NHIS
26.2 (0.70)
25.7 (0.70)
24.7 (0.63)
NHSDA
29.5 (0.69)
27.3 (0.55)
28.2 (0.73)
35 to 49
NHIS
27.7 (0.57)
27.6 (0.57)
26.1 (0.51)
NHSDA
29.3 (0.73)
27.4 (0.67)
28.8 (0.59)
50+
NHIS
16.9 (0.40)
17.1 (0.39)
17.4 (0.40)
NHSDA
17.1 (0.69)
18.3 (0.65)
16.3 (0.62)
Male
NHIS
25.9 (0.49)
25.8 (0.47)
25.3 (0.44)
NHSDA
28.1 (0.58)
27.1 (0.52)
27.1 (0.50)
18 to 25
NHIS
30.3 (1.41)
28.9 (1.29)
31.3 (1.35)
NHSDA
36.5 (0.65)
35.7 (0.65)
36.6 (0.67)
26+
NHIS
25.1 (0.51)
25.2 (0.48)
24.2 (0.44)
NHSDA
26.7 (0.67)
25.6 (0.60)
25.4 (0.58)
Female
NHIS
21.6 (0.38)
21.2 (0.39)
20.8 (0.39)
NHSDA
23.0 (0.50)
22.5 (0.47)
22.5 (0.46)
18 to 25
NHIS
26.9 (1.23)
25.5 (1.19)
24.3 (1.24)
NHSDA
30.4 (0.59)
29.2 (0.57)
30.1 (0.62)
26+
NHIS
20.7 (0.39)
20.5 (0.40)
20.2 (0.39)
NHSDA
21.8 (0.56)
21.5 (0.53)
21.3 (0.52)
Note: For the NHIS, past month cigarette use is defined as currently smoking daily or smoking 1+ day in the past
month or quitting smoking fewer than 30 days ago (for those who smoked 100+ cigarettes in lifetime). The
analysis excluded those with unknown cigarette use status (about 1 percent each year). For the NHSDA, past
month cigarette use is defined as having smoked in the past month and having smoked at least 100 cigarettes
in the lifetime.
NHIS = National Health Interview Survey.
SE = standard error.
Sources: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 1999-2001.
SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999-2001.
240
Table H.8 Past Year Alcohol Use among Adults Aged 18 Years or Older, by Gender and
Age Group: United States, 1999-2001, NHIS and NHSDA
Gender and Age
Group (Years)
Study
1999
Percent (SE)
2000
Percent (SE)
2001
Percent (SE)
Total
NHIS
62.6 (0.42)
61.5 (0.43)
62.7 (0.37)
NHSDA
65.6 (0.47)
65.3 (0.43)
67.1 (0.37)
18 to 25
NHIS
63.6 (1.1)
60.7 (1.09)
64.7 (1.07)
NHSDA
74.8 (0.48)
74.5 (0.46)
75.4 (0.41)
26+
NHIS
62.4 (0.42)
61.6 (0.43)
62.3 (0.38)
NHSDA
64.0 (0.53)
63.7 (0.49)
65.7 (0.43)
18 to 20
NHIS
51.4 (1.85)
47.4 (1.75)
54.6 (1.82)
NHSDA
69.2 (0.75)
69.2 (0.68)
69.8 (0.67)
21 to 25
NHIS
71.2 (1.21)
69.2 (1.27)
71.0 (1.16)
NHSDA
78.9 (0.55)
78.2 (0.55)
79.3 (0.48)
26 to 34
NHIS
71.7 (0.78)
70.4 (0.75)
71.5 (0.67)
NHSDA
74.7 (0.63)
75.1 (0.57)
76.5 (0.69)
35 to 49
NHIS
70.0 (0.62)
68.2 (0.62)
69.1 (0.55)
NHSDA
70.7 (0.81)
69.6 (0.71)
71.8 (0.55)
50+
NHIS
51.1 (0.56)
51.7 (0.59)
52.4 (0.56)
NHSDA
53.3 (0.97)
53.6 (0.88)
55.9 (0.81)
Male
NHIS
69.8 (0.52)
68.0 (0.51)
69.3 (0.47)
NHSDA
70.5 (0.63)
71.6 (0.58)
72.0 (0.52)
18 to 25
NHIS
68.8 (1.46)
66.0 (1.45)
70.6 (1.47)
NHSDA
78.4 (0.59)
77.2 (0.60)
78.3 (0.54)
26+
NHIS
70.0 (0.52)
68.4 (0.51)
69.1 (0.51)
NHSDA
69.1 (0.73)
70.6 (0.68)
70.9 (0.60)
Female
NHIS
56.0 (0.54)
55.5 (0.56)
56.6 (0.48)
NHSDA
61.1 (0.66)
59.4 (0.58)
62.7 (0.53)
18 to 25
NHIS
58.5 (1.49)
55.4 (1.37)
58.7 (1.45)
NHSDA
71.3 (0.67)
71.8 (0.59)
72.6 (0.57)
26+
NHIS
55.6 (0.56)
55.5 (0.58)
56.2 (0.48)
NHSDA
59.5 (0.75)
57.4 (0.66)
61.0 (0.61)
Note: For the NHIS, past year alcohol use is defined as having 12+ drinks in the lifetime AND having 1+ drink in
the past year. The analysis excluded those with unknown alcohol use status (about 2 percent each year). For
the NHSDA, past year alcohol use is defined as having had at least one drink in the past year.
NHIS = National Health Interview Survey.
SE = standard error.
Sources: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 1999-2001.
SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999-2001.
241
20501
Sources: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999-2001.
The Monitoring the Future Study, The University of Michigan, 1999-2001.
Table H.9 Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cigarettes Among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders in
the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001
'MTF = Monitoring the Future.
Survey
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
'Difference between estimate and 2000 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.001 level.
MTF¹
NHSDA (January to June)
- Not available.
Low precision; no estimate reported.
2000
29.5
1999
1999
2001
2000
2001
31.4
34.6
27.2
26.8
34.0b
Lifetime Use
21.3
8th grade
23.9
31.0°
25.7
36.6
40.5
44.1
25.0
18.3
24.5
18.4
20.0
12.2
14.6
10th grade
17.5
49.9ª
6.9
45.3
6.9
57.6
9.4ª
46.7
55.1
12th 52.8
grade
10th grade
12th grade
8th grade
61.8a
¦
53.7
¦ 55.2
35.9
Past Year Use
61.0
8th
62.5
64.6
34.8
grade
46.3°
27.8
28.4
10th grade
31.2
19.0°
12.9
13.9
12th grade
Past Month Use
Time Period, by Current Grade Level
¦ 242
12
20501
Sources: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999-2001.
The Monitoring the Future Study, The University of Michigan, 1999-2001.
Table H.10 Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Alcohol Among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders in
the NHSDA and MTF: 1999 through 2001
'MTF = Monitoring the Future.
Survey
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
"Difference between estimate and 2001 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
'Difference between estimate and 2000 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.001 level.
MTF¹
NHSDA (January to June)
49.8
Time Period, by Current Grade Level
50.0
2000
51.0
39.9
1999
1999
37.1
2000
2001
38.6
39.0
2001
41.0
40.0
Lifetime Use
24.3
8th
23.1
grade
23.4
34.6
21.5
32.3
31.8
22.4
24.0
52.1
10.0
51.7
9.1
50.5
9.1
10th grade
73.3
58.8
73.2
70.1
58.1
56.9
73.8
12th grade
63.7
70.6
62.5
71.4
62.8
63.5
65.3
Past Year Use
74.3
71.4
72.3
63.7
49.0
46.3
80.3
80.0
49.2
41.9
79.7
43.1
43.5
8th grade
24.3
25.9
23.5
- Not available.
Low precision; no estimate reported.
12th grade
10th grade
10th grade
8th grade
Past Month Use
12th grade
243
Table H.11 NSPY Youth Alcohol and Cigarette Use, 2000 and 2001
Year 2000 to 2001
Change
2000
2001
Substance Use, by Age
Percent
95% CI❘ Percent
95% CI❘ Percent
95% CI
Aged 12 or 13
Lifetime alcohol use
19.4
(17.4, 21.5)
19.4
(17.2, 21.8)
0.0
(3.0, -3.0)
Past month alcohol use
22.4
(17.9, 27.6)
20.4
(15.7, 26.1)
-2.0
(-9.3, 5.4)
Lifetime cigarette use
15.5
(13.7, 17.4)
13.8
(11.9, 16.0)
-1.7
(-4.4, 1.0)
Past month cigarette use
2.4
(1.8, 3.4)
2.0
(1.3, 3.0)
-0.5
(-1.5, 0.5)
Aged 14 or 15
Lifetime alcohol use
45.3
(41.6, 48.9)
44.1
(40.9, 47.5)
-1.1
(-5.7, 3.4)
Past month alcohol use
28.4
(22.4, 35.3)
28.3
(23.4, 33.7)
-0.1
(-8.8, 8.6)
Lifetime cigarette use
35.2
(31.5, 39.0)
33.9
(30.7, 37.2)
-1.3
(-6.0, 3.4)
Past month cigarette use
8.2
(6.3, 10.5)
8.4
(6.4, 11.0)
0.3
(-2.8, 3.4)
Aged 16 to 18
Lifetime alcohol use
69.7
(66.1, 73.2)
67.2
(63.2, 71.0)
-2.5
(-7.6, 2.5)
Past month alcohol use
45.9
(41.1, 50.7)
44.3
(39.5, 49.3)
-1.5
(-8.1, 5.0)
Lifetime cigarette use
57.2
(53.6, 60.7)
51.5
(47.6, 55.5)
-5.6
(-10.7, -0.6)ª
Past month cigarette use
24.6
(21.7, 27.9)
21.7
(18.6, 25.1)
-3.0
(-7.0, 1.1)
Aged 12 to 18
Lifetime alcohol use
47.3
(45.0, 49.6)
45.9
(43.8, 48.1)
-1.3
(-4.1, 1.4)
Past month alcohol use
37.7
(34.3, 41.3)
36.5
(33.1, 40.0)
-1.2
(-5.7, 3.2)
Lifetime cigarette use
38.0
(36.0, 40.0)
34.9
(32.7, 37.2)
-3.1
(-5.7, -0.5)ª
Past month cigarette use
12.9
(11.6, 14.3)
11.7
(10.2, 13.4)
-1.2
(-3.1, 0.7)
a
Between-year change significant at p < 0.05.
CI
=
confidence interval.
NSPY = National Survey of Parents and Youth.
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Survey of Parents and Youth, 2000-2001.
244
SAMHSA PUBLICATIONS FROM THE OFFICE OF APPLIED STUDIES (OAS)
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National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (formerly NHSDA) Series - drinking, smoking, cocaine, and other
illegal drug use statistics
Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (BKD484)
Overview of Findings from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (BKD468)
National and State Estimates of the Drug Abuse Treatment Gap: 2000 NHSDA (BKD437)
State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2001 NHSDA: Vol. I. Findings (BKD469)
State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2001 NHSDA: Vol. II. Indiv. State Tables & Technical Appendices (BKD483)
Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) Series - drug-related emergency visits to hospitals and drug-related deaths
Emergency Department Trends From the DAWN, Preliminary Estimates January - June 2002 (BKD472)
Emergency Department Trends From the DAWN, Final Estimates 1995-2002 (BKD473)
Mortality Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2001 (BKD474)
Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) Series - substance abuse treatment services information
National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS): 2002 (BKD470)
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1992-2000 (BKD454)
National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Programs, 2003 (TXD03)
Substance Abuse Treatment in Adult and Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Findings from the UFDS 1997 Survey of
Correctional Facilities (BKD280)
Analytic Series - special topics relating to alcohol, drug abuse and mental health
Impact of September 11, 2001 Events on Substance Use and Mental Health in the New York Area (BKD457)
Substance Use by Older Adults: Estimates of Future Impact on the Treatment System (BKD404)
The ADSS Cost Study: Costs of Substance Abuse Treatment in the Specialty Sector (BKD420)
Substance Dependence, Abuse and Treatment: Findings from the 2000 NHSDA (BKD438)
Initiation of Marijuana Use: Trends, Patterns and Implications (BKD451)
Tobacco Use in America: Findings from the 1999 NHSDA (BKD400)
Youth Substance Use: State Estimates from the 1999 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (BKD403)
Parental Influences on Adolescent Marijuana Use & the Baby Boom Generation: 1979-1996 NHSDA (BKD413)
Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Drug Use: Findings from the 1997 NHSDA (BKD377)
Worker Drug Use and Workplace Policies and Programs: Results from the 1994 and 1997 NHSDA (BKD276)
Substance Use and Mental Health Characteristics by Employment Status (BKD277)
The Relationship Between Mental Health and Substance Abuse Among Adolescents (BKD309)
Driving After Drug or Alcohol Use: Findings from the 1996 NHSDA (BKD274)
An Analysis of Worker Drug Use and Workplace Policies and Programs (BKD237)
Prevalence of Substance Use Among Racial and Ethnic Subgroups in the United States, 1991-1993 (BKD262)
Methodology Series - methodological issues concerning OAS data collection systems
Redesigning an Ongoing National Household Survey: Methodological Issues (BKD417)
Drug Abuse Warning Network: Development of a New Design-Methodology Report (BKD460)
Drug Abuse Warning Network Sample Design and Estimation Procedures-Technical Report (BKD249)
Development of Computer-Assisted Interviewing Procedures for the NHSDA (BKD397)
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Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Office of Applied Studies Publications Series
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (formerly NHSDA) Series:
Reports in the NSDUH series present information from SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health
(formerly known as National Household Survey on Drug Abuse). This representative survey is the primary source
of information on the prevalence, patterns, and consequences of drug and alcohol use and abuse in the general U.S.
civilian non-institutionalized population, age 12 and older. This survey has been conducted periodically since
1971 and annually since 1990.
"H" Series publications currently available:
H-1:
H-2:
H-3:
H-4:
National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1995
The Prevalence and Correlates of Treatment for Drug Problems
Preliminary Results from the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Population Estimates 1996
H-5: National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1996
H-6: Preliminary Results from the 1997 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
H-7: National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Population Estimates 1997
H-8: National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1997
H-9: National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Population Estimates 1998
Summary of Findings from the 1998 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1998
Summary of Findings from the 1999 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
Summary of Findings from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
National and State Estimates of the Drug Abuse Treatment Gap: 2000 NHSDA
State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2000 NHSDA: Vol. I. Findings
H-10:
H-11:
H-12:
H-13:
H-14:
H-15:
H-16:
H-17:
H-18:
H-19:
H-20:
H-21:
H-22:
State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2000 NHSDA: Vol. II. Supplementary Technical Appendices
Results from the 2001 NHSDA: Vol. I. Summary of National Findings
Results from the 2001 NHSDA: Vol. II. Technical Appendices and Selected Data Tables
State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2001 NHSDA: Vol. I. Findings
State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2001 NHSDA: Vol. II. Indiv. State Tables & Technical
Appendices
Overview of Findings from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings
Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) Series:
Reports in the DAWN Series provide data on the number and characteristics of (1) drug abuse related visits to a
national representative sample of hospital emergency departments, and (2) drug abuse related deaths from selected
medical examiner offices. The medical examiner cases are not from a national representative sample. DAWN
is an ongoing data system that began in the early 1970's.
"D" Series publications currently available:
D-1:
D-2:
D-3:
D-4:
D-5:
D-6:
D-7:
D-8:
D-9:
D-10:
D-11:
D-13:
D-14:
D-15:
D-16:
D-17:
Drug Abuse Warning Network Annual Medical Examiner Data 1995
Mid-Year Preliminary Estimates from the 1996 Drug Abuse Warning Network
Year-End Preliminary Estimates from the 1996 Drug Abuse Warning Network
Drug Abuse Warning Network Annual Medical Examiner Data 1996
Mid-Year 1997 Preliminary Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network
Year-End 1997 Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network
Annual Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, 1995
Annual Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, 1996
Annual Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, 1997
Mid-Year 1998 Preliminary Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network
Year-End 1998 Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network
Drug Abuse Warning Network Annual Medical Examiner Data 1997
Drug Abuse Warning Network Annual Medical Examiner Data 1998
Mid-Year 1999 Preliminary Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network
Year-End 1999 Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network
Drug Abuse Warning Network Annual Medical Examiner Data 1999
Mid-Year 2000 Preliminary Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network
D-18: Year-End 2000 Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network
D-19: Mortality Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2000
Emergency Dept. Trends From the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Preliminary Estimates Jan.-June 2001
D-21: Emergency Department Trends From the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Final Estimates 1994-2001
D-22:
Emergency Dept. Trends From the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Preliminary Estimates Jan.-June 2002
D-23: Mortality Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2001
Emergency Department Trends From the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Final Estimates 1995-2002
(Continued on next page)
Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) Series:
Reports in the Services Series provide national and state level data on (1) the characteristics of specialty
treatment facilities providing drug and alcohol services; (2) the number of persons in treatment; and (3) the
demographic and drug use characteristics of treatment admissions. The Services Series also includes the
National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Programs. The publications in this Series are based
on SAMHSA's Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS).
"S" Series publications currently available:
S-1:
S-2:
S-3:
S-4R:
S-5:
S-6:
S-7:
S-8:
S-9:
S-10:
S-11:
S-12:
National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment and Prevention Programs 1996
Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS): Data for 1995 and 1980-1995
Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS): Data for 1996 and 1980-1996
National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment and Prevention Programs 1997
National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services: The Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS)
1992-1996
Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS): 1997
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1992-1997
National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment Programs, 1998
Substance Abuse Treatment in Adult and Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Findings from the UFDS
1997 Survey of Correctional Facilities
Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS): 1998
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1993-1998
National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Programs 2000
S-13: Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS): 1999
S-14:
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1994-1999
S-15:
National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Programs 2001
National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS): 2000
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1992-2000
S-16:
S-17:
S-18:
S-19:
National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Programs 2003
National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS): 2002
Analytic Series:
Reports in the Analytic Series address special topics relating to alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health. The
Analytic Series generally provides data from outcome and other special studies, secondary analysis of multiple
data sources, or more in-depth analysis of the data presented in the standard annual reports in the other Office of
Applied Studies publication series.
"A" Series publications currently available:
A-1:
A-2:
A-3:
A-4:
A-5:
A-6:
A-7:
A-8:
A-9:
A-10:
Employment Outcomes of Indigent Clients Receiving Alcohol and Drug Treatment in Washington State
An Analysis of Worker Drug Use and Workplace Policies and Programs
Substance Use Among Women in the United States
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Statistics Source Book 1998
Services Research Outcomes Study
Prevalence of Substance Use Among Racial and Ethnic Subgroups in the U.S., 1991-1993
Analyses of Substance Abuse and Treatment Need Issues
Driving After Drug or Alcohol Use: Findings from the 1996 NHSDA
The Relationship Between Mental Health and Substance Abuse Among Adolescents
Substance Use and Mental Health Characteristics by Employment Status
A-11: Worker Drug Use and Workplace Policies and Programs: Results from the 1994 and 1997 NHSDA
A-12: Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Drug Use: Findings from the 1997 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse
A-13: Parental Influences on Adolescent Marijuana Use and the Baby Boom Generation: Findings from the
1979-1996 NHSDA
A-14: Youth Substance Use: State Estimates from the 1999 NHSDA
A-15: Tobacco Use in America: Findings from the 1999 NHSDA
A-16: Substance Dependence, Abuse and Treatment: Findings from the 2000 NHSDA
A-17: Initiation of Marijuana Use: Trends, Patterns and Implications
A-18: Impact of September 11, 2001 Events on Substance Use and Mental Health in the New York Area
A-19: Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Drug Use: Findings from the 1999 NHSDA
A-20: The ADSS Cost Study: Costs of Substance Abuse Treatment in the Specialty Sector
A-21: Substance Use by Older Adults: Estimates of Future Impact on the Treatment System
Methodology Series:
Reports in the Methodology Series address methodological issues concerning data collection systems
conducted by SAMHSA's Office of Applied Studies. These reports include studies of new statistical
techniques and theories, survey methods, sample design, survey instrument design, and objective evaluations
of the reliability of collected data.
"M" Series publications currently available:
M-1:
M-2:
Substance Abuse in States and Metropolitan Areas: Model Based Estimates from the 1991-1993
NHSDA--Methodology Report
Drug Abuse Warning Network Sample Design and Estimation Procedures--Technical Report
Development of Computer-Assisted Interviewing Procedures for the NHSDA
M-3:
M-4:
Drug Abuse Warning Network: Development of a New Design--Methodology Report
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DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 03-3826
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Printed 2003