win Cornell Muiversity Library BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henry W. Sage 1891 ALO EUIB.orrinimnbfllofiga J 5474 RETURN TO ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY ITHACA, N. Y. BOTANY OF WESTERN TEXAS BOTANY OF WESTERN TEXAS, ADVERTISEMENT. The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that Department until July 1, 1896, when it wax returned to the official custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agricul- ture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports entitled ‘‘Contributions from the U. 8. National Herbarium,” begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed responsibility for the pub- lication. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the Department of Agriculture. The present yolume, with the exception of page 430d, is reprinted from the original stereotype plates without change in the text. S. P. Laneiey, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF BOTANY. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE U. 8S. NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Vol. II. BOTANY OF WESTERN TEXAS. A MANUAL OF THE PHANEROGAMS AND PTERIDOPHYTES OF WESTERN TEXAS. BY JOHN M. COULTER. PUBLISHED BY AUTILORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1891-94. NOTE, The three numbers of Vol. 1. ot the Contributions were issued as follows: No. 1, Polypetale, pp. 1 to 152, June 27, 1891. No. 2, Gamopetala, pp. 153 to 346, July 1, 1892.. No. 3, Apetalw, Monocotyledonx, Pteridophyta, pp. 347 to 588, May 10, 1894. Il PREFATORY NOTE. The purpose of this manual is to bring together and make easily ac- cessible our scattered information concerning the flora of western Texas. It will be considered a mark of appreciation if all omissions or mistakes be reported to the writer. The present work being necessarily a com- pilation, many recorded facts have doubtless escaped notice, and some species may have been admitted which do not fairly come within the limits chosen. It is intended to include all Texan plants west of the ninety-seventh meridian. The desirability of presenting this manual in parts has prevented the arrangement of the orders in a sequence more in accordance with our present knowledge of their affinities. No attempt has been made to give synonymy, except when necessary to a clear understanding of the species under consideration. It should be stated further that the work has been prepared not merely as a con- venient reference book for botanists, but also as a handbook for Texan students. The latter purpose explains the introduction of analytical keys and of local names and uses, together with the simplicity of descrip- tion, which would not have been necessary for the professional botanist. In the third part of the work it was thought best to conform as far as possible to the rules of nomenclature adopted by American botanists at the Rochester meeting of the American Association for the Advance. ment of Science in 1892, although doubtless not all the required changes have been made. In this work Dr. Elmon M. Fisher has ren- dered great assistance. Mr. Frederick V. Coville has prepared the manuscript of the Juncacex, Prof. L. H. Bailey the genus Carex, Mr. L. H. Dewey the Graminex, and Prof. L. M. Underwood the Pterido- phyta. The metric system of measurements is followed throughout the work, and to those not accustomed to its use the following table, in addition to that given on page 5, may be helpful. Table for converting metric and English linear measures. Metric to English. English to metric. Millimeters| Meters to | Kilometers| Inches to Fect to Miles to to inches. feet. to miles. {millimeters.| meters. | kilometers. d= . 03937 3. 28083 0. 62137 25.4 0, 30418 1. 60935 z= . 07874 6. 56167 1, 24274 50. 8 0. 6096 3. 21869 3= - 11811 9, 84250 1, 86411 76.2 0, 9144 4, 82804 4= . 15748 13. 12333 2. 48548 101.6 1, 2192 6. 43739 5= - 19685 16. 40417 8.10685 127.0 1. 5240 8. 04674 6= « 23622 19. 68500 38. 72822 152.4 1. 8288 9, 65608 cs . 27559 22. 96583 4.34959 177.8 2. 1336 11, 26543 8= . 33496 26. 24667 4, 97096 208. 2 2. 4084 12. 87478 9= . 35433 29. 52750 5, 59233 228. 6 2. 7432 14, 48412 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Prefatory note ............----.2-.---- Sats Sidhe a evshiate SiS Salah STa IeiMiwinrsincainiciciawierane cc ur Analytical key to the orders......-...-. 02-220 eee eee eee ee ence ee ce eens 1, 153, 347 Descriptions: Polly fie tall i asic meres verses seein ee cocina mace een MBER ase eicelem dar 6 Gamo pe tlie screenees creamer amu somine hone eases SNE MER ote dice 155 Apetal 2c awemaneved date wer Seanrocine Uae ante teem eee i cecieis occu 350 Gyninosperiite cease oes veuunacees eae cosexe seus arenaeneeeweeeeeeese coes ese 552 Ptoridophytaccccns secs cocesaees eases tees weareesmeeeneees ceo cce ees 557 Widexncees cece Seti ents cigars ome ee bee dens cue eemeS Mamet came 569 LIST OF PLATES. Facing page. I. Thelypodiom Vaseyi... 2... 2.0. 62-0. 222 eee cece cee cee eee cee teen eee ee 15 TE. -Zexmenia hispida. j...oj<-uccsaese ue see ee ceaweseeeteacee vecsttea bcencinsiciels 220 TED. Perit yle: Vase ih siecese: oisseinisini nie sthgaeee SUBSE RS eeeR Weer Ram eeR TREES co eee 227 MANUAL OF THE PLANTS OF WESTERN TEXAS, ANYLYTICAL KEY TO THE ORDERS. Series I. PHANEROGAMS or FLOWERING PLANTS: those producing true flowers and seeds. Class I. ANGLOSPERMS: those in which the ovules are contained in a closed ovary. Subclass I. DICOTYLEDONS: those whose embryos have a pair of op- posite cotyledons; the fibro-vascular bundles of the stem forma more or less complete hollow cylinder; the leaves are net-veined, and the flowers usually 4 or 5-merous. Division I. POLYPETAL: those that have usually both calyx and co- rolla, the latter of separate petals. A. Stamens numerous, at least more than ten, and more than twice the sepals or lobes of the calyx. 1. Calyx entirely free and separate from the pistil or pistils. Pistils numerous, separate, but concoaled in a hollow receptacle. Rosa,in Rosacea, 106 Pistils several, immersed in hollows of the upper sur- face of a large top-shaped receptacle ..... east weds Neiumbo, in Nympu@aceaz, 11 Pistils more than one, separate, not inclosed in the receptacle. Stamens inserted on the calyx, distinct ..... a joietiai siaiaians osiniaieilelatein wis Rosaces, 101 Stamens united with the base of the petals, monadelphous ..... MALVACEa, 35 Stamens inserted on the receptacle. Flowers diecious; twiners with alternate leaves .....MENISPERMACEZ, 10 Flowers perfect; if climbers, the leaves opposite... .... RANUNCULACER, 6 Pistils several-lobed, the ovaries united below the middle......... -RUSEDACESR, 23 Pistils several, their ovaries cohering in a ring around an axis...... MaLvacem®, 35 Pistils strictly one as to the ovary; the styles or stigmas may be several. Leaves punctate under a lens with transparent dots ........ -HYPERICINEE, 34 Leaves not punctate with transparent dots. Ovary simple, 1-celled, 2-ovuled .....- DASE kote aesese sasees Rosace#, 101 Ovary compound, 1-celled, with a central placenta ....--. PORTULACEA, 31 Ovary compound, 1-celled, with two or more parietal placentaw. Calyx caducous; juice milky or colored ............. PAPAVERACES, 12 Calyx deciduous, of 4 sepals... ..---..-----..--e0 -eeeee CAPPARIDE®, 22 Calyx persistent, of 3 or 5 sepals.....- ehavaimcetalersiniataieiaeeuieie sie CISTINES, 23 Ovary compound, several-celled. Calyx valvate in the bud, and Persistent; stamens monadelphous; anthers 1-cclled-MaLvacrm, 35 Deciduous; anthers 2-celled..... sie vvinisoclenuihbarclaia Meats Tin1aceaz, 45 Calyx imbricated in the bud, persistent. Shrubs; ovary 3-celled.....-----------------22 0-20 BIXINE, 25 Aquatic or marsh herbs; ovary many-celled..... NYMPHZACER, 1) 1 2 2. Calyx more or less coherent wilh ihe surface of the compound ovary. Ovary 8-30-celled; aquatic...... 0... ..00 cece ee cee eee cee eee teens Nympuaacez, il Ovary 2-5-celled. Leaves alternate, with stipules ........-.-..---------- Pomez, in RosacEz, 102 Leaves opposite, without stipules........--...--.----- Some SaXIFRAGACEZ, 107 Ovary 1-celled, with the ovules parietal. Fleshy plants with no true foliage; petals many ..---.-.-...---- CACTACE, 125 Rough-leaved plants; petals 5 or 10 ..-....----. 2-22-22 eee eee ee Loasackz, 119 Ovary 1-celled, with the ovules rising from the base ..-...-...---. PORTULACEA, 31 B. Stamens of the same number as the petals and opposite them. Pistils 2-6, separate or more or less united. Flowers diwcious; stamens distinct; woody vines. ......-- MENISPERMACE.Z, 10 Flowers perfect: stamens more or less monadelphous; shrubs or trees. Carpels 4 or 5...-.. shigckerc mee ie niinieetn aie wie eiekiace. oak STERCULIACE, 44 Carpels Siasdessetes pocmeninoseee care eaten mesic secs MALPIGIWIACER, 47 Pistil only one. Ovary 1-celled. Sepals 6; stigma 1: anthers opening by uplifted valves.... BERBERIDER, 10 Sepals 2, stigmas 3; anthers not opening by uplifted valves. PoRTULACER, 31 Ovary 2-4- celled, Calyx-lobes minute or obsolete; petals valvate......-...AMPELIDACE, 61 Calyx 4-5 cleft, valvate in the bud; petals involute -........RHAMNE, 57 Sterenliaces (p. 00) and Malpighiacez (p. 00) may be looked for here, C. Slamens not more than twice as many as the petals, when just the number then alternate with them. 1. Calyx free from the ovary, i. ¢., the ovary wholly superior. * Ovaries 2 or more separate, Stamens free from the calyx. Leaves punctate with pellucid dots .........22. 2.220. .c00. woe eee Rutacezx, 52 Leaves not pellucid-punctate, Low shrub with rigid entire leaves........... -Castela, in SIMARUBACER, 55 MCh NOt MOSH .u.c ieee ech ca euwnecwen couse wwalcnce RANUNCULACER, 6 Herbs with thick fleshy leaves..........022...02-2..---. CrassuLaceax, 109 Stamens inserted on the calyx. Just twice as many as the pistils (fl. symmetrical). .......... -CRASSULACK, 109 Not just the number or twice the number of the pistils, Leaves without stipules ............ 00000200 cece eee ----SAXITRAGACER, 107 Leaves with stipules................ epuibieiciais Misamis uteneesinc act Rosacea, 101 ** Ovaries 2-5, somewhat unilcd at base, separate above, Leaves punctate with pellucid dots -.........00022 00.0 cece ee eee ee --RuTAcEm, 52 Leaves not pellucid-punctate, : Shrubs or trees with opposite leaves and distinct stamens . ----SAPINDACEE, 64 Shrubs or trees with opposite leaves and monadelphous sta- : MONS. ~~~ 0 ne cane conn e cane eee ween ec ene conn ance ance MALPIGHIACER, 47 Terrestrial herbs; the carpale fewer than the petals... -....Gaxur RAGACKA, 107 3 ° ** Ovaries or lobes of ovary 3-5, with a common style.......--.---- GERANIACER, “*** Ovary only one, and t Simple, with one parietal placenta ...... 0.2.0. .200ee wee e cee eee e ee LEGUMINOSS, tt Compound, as shown by the number of cells, placenta, styles, or stigmas. Ovary 1-celled. Corolla irregular; petals 4; stamens 6.........--.-.---4 2-265 FUMARIACE, Corolla irregular; petals and stamens 5.-.......-......----02 20-5 VIOLARIEZ, Corvlla regular or nearly so. Ovule solitary; shrubs or trees; stigmas 3.....-....---- ANACARDIACER, Ovules 1 or 2; fruit a cartilaginous follicle; low spinescent BATUDG a -ccisccie can a seeeenccicreraies Gi cangpe! slog, in SAPINDACEA, Ovules more than 1, in the center or bottom of the cell. Petals not iiearball on the calyx....---..--...-...-CARYOPHYLLEZ, Petals on the throat of a bell-shaped or tubular calyx. LYTHRARIEZ, Ovules several or many, on two or more parietal placenta. Seeds comose or long-hairy; shrubs or small trees...TAMARISCINES, Seeds not comose or long-hairy. Leaves punctate with pellucid and dark dots.... HYPERICINEZ, Leaves not punctate. Sepals 5, very unequal or only 3.........---.---- CISTINEZ, Sepals and petals 4 or 5; stamens 6.......-. FRANKENIACEE, Sepals and petals 5; stamens 5 or 10. Styles 3 or 4, with flabellate many-cleft SbIP MAD) wnt soos. see comet enees yeee7 TURNERACE, Styles 3 or 4, club-shaped; ovary and stamens raised on astalk......-.-- PASSIFLORACEZ, 50 68 13 24 67 67 28 111 33 34 23 28 120 121 Styles with simple stigmas; ovary sessile.SaxIFRAGACE, 107 Ovary 2-several-celled. Flowers irregular. Anthers opening at top, 1-celled; ovary 2-celled ......-...-POLYGALEH, Anthers opening lengthwise, 2-nelled; ovary 3-celled ...--- SAPINDACEX, Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens neither just as many nor twice as many as the petals. Triadelphous ; petals 5 ..---. --------2-- eeee eee eee HYPERICINE, Tetradynamuous (rarely only 2 or 4); retails vs crarateteraiarels CRUCIFERA, Distinct and more numerous than the petals ....-..---- SAPINDACE, Stamens just as many or twice as many as the petals. Ovules and seeds only 1 or 2 in each cell. Herbs; flowers perfect and symmetrical. . Cells of the ovary as many as the sepals, etc. .. GERANIACE, Cells of the (divided) ovary twice as many as the styles, sepals, etc.....---------+---+ +--+ .--- LINEA, Srubs or trees. Leaves bipinnate and alternate .-.-. a eeiapictee MELIACEZ, Leaves pinnate or 2-foliolate, opposite, not dotted ...--.----ceee eee ce eee ee eee eee -ZYGOPHYLLEA, Leaves 3-foliolate, pellucid-punctate..Ptelea, in Ruracus, Leaves palmately veined aud fruit 2- winged, or pinnate and fruit a berry ..---.---------- SAPINDACE, Leaves pinnately veined, simple, not punctate. Calyx not minute ; pod colored, dehiscent ; seeds inclosed in a pulpy aril...--.---- CELASTRINER, Calyx minute; fruit a berry-like drupe ...--- ILICINEZ, 26 64 34 13 64 & Ovary 2-several-celled—Continued. Flowers regular or nearly so—Continued. Stamens just as many or twice as many as the petals—UVontinued. Ovules (and usually seeds) several or many in each cell. Stipules between the opposite and simple leaves..... ELATINEZ, 33 Stipuies none when the leaves are opposite. Stamens 10, monadelphous at base; leaflets 3, inversely heart-shaped -.Oxalis, in GERANIACEZ, °51 Stamens distinct, free from the calyx. Style 1, undivided ; leaves very small and scale- like ....--....--....-.-Kaberlinia, in SIMARUBACER, 55 Styles 2-5, separate.....-....--.------ CARYOPHYLLEA, 28 Stamens distinct, inserted on the calyx. Styles 2 (or 3), or splitting into 2 in fruit.SaxIFRAGACEZ, 107 Style 1, pod in the calyx, 1-celled........ LYTHRARIE, 111 2. Calyx-iube adherent to the ovary, at least to its lower half. Tendril-bearing and often succulent herbs........-..---------- CUCURBITACEA, 122 Not tendril-bearing. Ovules aud seeds more than one in each cell. Ovary 1-celled, many-ovuled from the base. ...-......--..PORTULACEH, 31 Ovary 1-celled, with 2 or 3 parietal placente ........ .. SAXIFRAGACE#, 107 Ovary 2-several-celled. Stamens on a flat disk which covers the ovary....... CELASTRINEZ, 56 Stamens inserted on the calyx. Stamens 8 or 4 (rarely 5); style 1............---- ONAGRARIES, 113 Stamens 5 or 10; styles 2 or 3, distinct......... SAXIFRAGACEZ, 107 Ovules and seeds only one in each cell. Stamens 2 or 8; style1; stigma 2-4 lobed; herbs......... ONAGRARIES#, 113 Stamens 4 or 8; styles or sessile stigmas 4; aquatics...... HALORAGES, 110 Stamens 4; style and stigma 1; shrubs ............ si crorossieoe CorRNACcEs, 150 Stamens 5; styles 2; flowers in umbels, or rarely in heads. UMBELLIFERZ, 138 GAMOPETALOUS FORMS IN POLYPETALOUS ORDERS, The following orders contain forms which have their petals more or less united into one piece: A. Stamens more numerous than the lobes of the corolla. Ovary 1-celled, with one parietal placenta.................... ---LEGUMINOSH, 68 Ovary 2-celled, with a single ovule in each cell .........2......00.. POLYGALE, 26 Ovary 3-many celled. Stamens free from the corolla; styles 5...... seater Oxalis, in GERANIACER, 51 Stameus inserted on the base or tube of the corolla; filaments . monadelphous ..............--.. 0 Seinineiciela eeisisaei seressweu MaLvacez, 35 B. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla. Ovary adherent to the calyx-tube; tendril-bearing herbs ....... CucurBiTacraA, 122 Ovary free from the calyx, 4-8 celled; style none ................-... ILicinn&, 56 APETALOUS FORMS IN POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. The following orders contain forms which have no corolla, although the calyx is frequently petal-like. When there is but one set of floral envelopes this is considered to be the calyx. 5 1. Ovary or its cells containing many ovules. Ovary and pod inferior, 4-celled; stamens 4 ........ - Ludwigia, in ONAGRARI£A, 113 Ovary and pod superior, 3-celled. and 3-valved, or 3-5-celled and circumacissile.........-.. FIcoiDE&, 137 2-celled or 1-celled; placenta central. Stamens inserted on the tube or throat of the calyx... ---- LYTHRARIES, 111 Stamens inserted on the receptacle or base of the cal vx.CARYOPHYLLEE, 28 1-celled, with one parietal placenta } Ovaries two or more, separate, simple §°""""" pears Ogee, RANUNCULACEE, 6 2. Ovary, or its cells containing only 1 or 2 (rarely 3 or 4) ovules. * Pistils more than one, and distinct or nearly so. Stamens inserted on the calyx; leaves with stipules........ seneee----ROSACER, 101 Stamens inserted on the receptacle; calyx present and usually colored or petal-like ........222. 0.222. -2- nee eeee cece cen ees RANUNCULACER, 6 ** Pistil one, either simple or compound. Ovary wholly inferior (in perfect or pistillate flowers). Aquatic herbs; ovary 3 or 4-celled, or (in Hippuris) 1-celled. .. HALORAGE®, 110 Trees; ovary 1-celled ......-....--.--------- Ritaiencscvasiicte Nyssa, in Cornaces, 151 Ovary plainly free from the calyx, which is sometimes wanting. Aquatic herbs, submerged or nearly so .. .-.-. 2-2... eee cee en Haroraces#, 110 Shrubs or trees. Ovules a pair in each cell of the ovary; fruit 2-celled, a double samara ............---- Acerinex, in SAPINDACER, 64 Ovules single in each cell of the 3-celled ovary............-. RHAMNEA, 57 As it has been thought best to use the metrical system in all measurements, the following table may be found useful : One line ..-.....-. Be [Semel sccm sence One inch.......-.. 25 255i [ine siniaiseieeigtail One foot ..........|----+- 30 Be Nhiecrsiar| Four feet .........).--0--[.-6--- 12 | 12 RANUNCULACER. (CROWFOoT FAMILY.) Herbs (sometimes woody) with the few or numerous sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils all distinct and free: flowers regular or irregular : sepals often petal-like, and petals wanting in some genera: fruits con- sisting of achenes, pods, or berries: leaves varying from simple to much compounded, with petioles dilated at base. * Sepals 4, petal-like: petals none (or small): fruit consisting of long-tailed achenes: leaves all opposite. 1, Clematis. Climbing by leafstalks or erect. **Sepals often petal-like: petals none: fruit consisting of numerous or several achenes in a head or spike: leaves compound, alternate or radical (upper some- times opposite or whorled). 2. Thalictrum. Flowers panicled: leaves alternate: achenes few. 3. Anemone. Peduncles 1-flowcred: stem-leaves opposite or whorled, forming an involucre remote from the flower: achenes numerous. *** Petals evident: leaves simple or compound, alternate or radical: achenes numerous. 4. Myosurus. Flowers solitary on a scape: sepals spurred at base: petals slender: achenes in a long slender spike. 5. Ranunculus. Petals generally broad and with a scale or gland at base: achenes in a head. **** Petals and sepals both conspicuous and colored, one or both prominently spurred: fruit consisting of a few pods: leaves alternate, compound. 6. Aquilegia. Sepals 5: petals 5, large, spur-shaped. 7. Delphinium. Sepals 5, the upper one spurred: petals 4, the upper pair with long spurs inclosed in the calyx spur. 1. CLEMATIS L. (VirGin’s Bower.) Perennial herbs or vines, mostly a little woody, climbing by the leaf. stalks (rarely low and erect), with 4 colored valvate sepals, no petals, opposite leaves, and numerous achenes with the persistent styles formin g naked, hairy, or plumose tails. * Flowers oymose-paniculate, rather small and diccious: sepals thin, white, 1. C. Drummondii Torr. & Gray. Leaves pinnate anid long-petioled, villous be- neath and somewhat hirsute above; leaflets lanceolate to broadly ovate, 3-lobed, the lobes acute to long-acumwinate: sepals narrowly oblong, villous outside: acheneg pubescent, the plumose tails very slender and 5 to 10 em. long.—The Texan « Virgin’s bower,” a characteristic and beautiful climber abundant in valleys throughout the State, and even occurring on the prairies in straggling forms. 7 **Flowere solitary (usually nodding) on long peduncles, large and perfect: sepals thick and mosily dull purple.—LEATHER FLOWERS. 2. C. Viorna L., var. coccinea James. Leaflets glaucous, coriaceous, obtuse, retsulated, 2 to 3-lobed or entire: sepals very thick and leathery, scarlet or pur- plish red, wholly connivent or only the tips recurved: long tails of the fruit very plumose.—Apparently found only between the Colorado and the Rio Grande. The stations reported are near Austin, New Braunfels, San Angelo, and in Gillespie County. 3. C. reticulata Walt. Leaflets ovate or oval, entire or lobed, obtuse and mucro- nate (rarely acute), rigidly coriaceous and conspicuously reticulated on both sides: sepals pale purple and velvety ontside: tails of the fruit long and very plumose.—In the valleys of southern and western Texas, but not abundantly collected. Easily recognized by its very rigid and conspicuously reticulated leaves, although in certain Texan forms the leaves are thinner than usual. 4, C. Pitcheri Torr. & Gray. Leaflets thickish, ovate, acute, reticulated, entire or 2 to 3-lobed: sepals dull purple, with narrow and slightly margined recurved points: tails of the fruit slender and naked or shortly villous.—In the valleys of southern and western Texas; the most common ‘leather flower.” 5. C.crispa L. Leaflets thin, from lanceolate to ovate or cordate, entire or 3 to 5-parted: sepals bluish purple, the upper half dilated and widely spreading with broad and wavy thin margins: tails of the fruit silky or glabrate.—From the coast (Brazos Santiago and northward) westward to the 100th meridian (Runnels Co.). 2. THALICTRUM Tourn. (MEADOW-RUE.) Perennial herbs, with panicled (rarely racemed) apetalous flowers (perfect, dicecious, or polygamous), 4 or 5 (sometimes petaloid) sepals, numerous (rarely few) tailless ribbed achenes, and alternate ternately decompound leaves.—Our species are dicecious or poly gamo-diccious. 1. T. purpurascens L. Glabrous or pubescent, stout, tall, leafy: leaflets remote, short-stalked, large, oblong or oblong-cuneate, with 3 commonly entire pointed lobes above: flowers ina pyramidal panicle: stamens numerous, the long filaments widened to the linear-oblong cuspidate anthers: achenes numerous, short-stipitate, ovoid, thin-walled, with 6 to 8 sharp ridges, tapering into the slender persistent style.—A very common “‘meadow-rue” elsewhere, and reported to occur throughont Texas. 2. T. debile Buckley. Glabrous, weak and decumbent, 10 to 35 cm. high, few- Jeaved: leaflets remote, long-stalked, thin, rotund, 3-lobed at apex, the rounded lobes entire or lobed again: flowers long-pedicelled and remote in an elongated almost simple strict panicle: stamens about 10, the filaments short bat slender, with oblong- linear mucronate anthers: achenes 2 to 5, subses-ile, oblong, terete, 8 to 10-ribbed, nearly beakless.—Sparingly collected and of unknown distribution in the State. A Texan form, with more rigid stem and smaller thicker nearly sessile leaflets is var. TexanuM Gray (Hall Pl. Tex. 3). 3, T.Fendleri Eng. Granular or glandular-pubescent, erect, sometimes tall: leaflets remote, stalked, small, round, often cordate at base, with 3 divergent lobes, the cen- tral or all of them again lobed, their divisions mostly pointed: stamens numerous, with slightly dilated filaments (often papillose-roughened above) and linear mucro nate anthers: achenes 10 or less, substipitate, large. obliquely oval and flattened, with 8 to 10 prominent nearly parallel ribs (occasionally reticulated).—In the mountains of western Texas. 3. ANEMONE Tourn. (WIND-FLOWER.) Perennial herbs with radical leaves, those of the stem opposite or whorled and forming an involucre remote from the apetalous solitary or umbellate flowers, few or numerous petaloid sepals, and pointed flattened (but not ribbed) achenes. 8 1. A. Caroliniana Walt. Stem 7.5 to 15 em. high, single from a small tuber: root leaves once or twice 3-parted or cleft: involucre 3-parted, its wedge-shaped divisions 3-cleft: sepals 10 to 20, oblong-linear, purple or whitish: achenes densely long-woolly, in an oblong head. (A. decapetata of Am. authors, not L.)—One of the earliest bloomers in the valleys of Texas, blossoming in February. Var. HETERO- PHYLLA Torr. and Gray has the radical leaves 3-parted, 3-lobed, or almost undivided, the segments undivided or 3-lobed, roundish-oval, crenately serrate. (A. heterophylla Nutt. A. decapetala, var. heterophylla Britt. & Rusby)—Growing with the type. 4. MYOSURUS L. (MOUSE-TAIL.) Very small annuals, with tufted narrowly linear spatulate root-leaves, naked 1-flowered scapes, spurred sepals, narrow petals, and numerous achenes crowded on a very long and slender spike-like receptacle. 1. M. minimus L. Flowers small and greenish: fruiting spike 2.5 to 5 em. long.— Along the low bottoms of the Rio Grande, and probably other Texan rivers, 5. RANUNCULUS Tourn. (CRowrooT. BUTTERCUP.) Annual or perennial herbs, with alternate stem-leaves, solitary or corymbed yellow (rarely white) flowers, petals with a pit or scale at base inside, and a head of numerous mostly flattened and pointed akenes. * Achenes thin-walled, striate, in an oblong head: scapose and spreading by runners. 1. R. Cymbalaria Pursh. Glabrous: scapes 2.5 to 15 cm. high, 1 to 7-flowered: leaves clustered at root and on joints of the runners, rowndish-heart-shaped or kidney- shaped, crenate, long petioled.—Sandy bottoms of the Rio Grande and other streams. * * Achenes crustaceous or coriaceous, nerveless. + Growing in very wet places, with entire or tarely toothed leaves, glabrous or nearly so. ++ Petals 1 to 3 or 5, not over 2 mm. long : stamens 3 to 10. 2. EH. trachyspermus Eng. Branching: lower leaves round-ovate, obtuse: upper ones lanceolate or linear-lanceolate: achenes compressed, obtuse, every where tuber- culate, in an oblong or cylindrical head.—Prairies of western Texas. 3. R. pusillus Poir. Stem weak and loosely branching: lower leaves round-ovate or heart-shaped; upper ones oblong or lanceolate: achenes very turgid, smooth, or slightly papillose, in a globular head.—Marshy ground, especially in eastern Texas. A small form, with achenes more papillose-roughish, is var. LINDHEIMERI Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 21. 367). + ++ Petals 5, surpassing the calyx, 2 to 6 mm. long: stamens numerous. 4. R. oblongifolius Ell. Stem often pubescent below, slender, 3 to6 dm. high, dif- fusely branched above and many-flowered: leaves ovate or oblong, serrate Ge daa. ticulate, uppermost linear: achenes minute, almost globular, and in a globular head. (E. Texensis Eng.}—Margins of ponds, ete. The abundant and conspicuous bright yellow flowers easily distinguish this from the other subaquat‘c species of Texas, + + Terrestrial species, with variously cleft or divided leaves, and flattened smooth achenes surrounded by a firm or indurated margin. ++ Style short-subulate, stigmatic the whole length, mostly persistent. 5. R. repens L. In habit and foliage closely resembling the next species: leaves frequently white-variegated or spotted.—Generally only in low waste grounds neat 9 the coast, where it is probably naturalized from Europe, but occasionally occurring as an apparently indigenous plant in the interior. ++ + Style long and attenuate, stigmatic at the tip, persistent or the upper part deciduous. = Petals 5: early root-leaves only 3-parted, later ones 8 to 5-foliolate. 6. R. septentrionalis Poir, Low, hairy or nearly glabrous: stems ascending, or in wet ground some of them procumbent or forming runners: leaves 3-divided, the divisions all stalked, broadly wedge-shaped or ovate, unequally cleft and cut: petals obovate : achenes strongly margined, with a stout straightish beak. (R. repens of most American autbors)—Moist or shady places. . 7. R. fascicularis Muhl. Low, pubescent, with close-pressed silky hairs: root a cluster of thickened fleshy fibers: radical leaves appearing pinnate, the long-stalked terminal division remote from the (usually) sessile lateral ones and 3 to 5-divided or parted into oblong or linear lobes: petals (often 6 or 7) spatulate-oblong: achenes scarcely margined, with a slender, straight, or rather curved beak.—Our earliest “buttercup,” and occurring throughout the State, == Petals 7 to 16: no creeping or procumbent stems. 8. R. macranthus Scheele. Hirsute: stems erect or declining, 3 to 9 dm. long, leaves nearly as in R. septentrivnalis, but many 5-divided: petals 8 to25 mm. long, obovate tooblong: achenes numerousin a large head, ovate or orbicular, conspicuously thin-edged, at length witha rather short and broad flat-subulate beak.—Low ground throughout Texas, where it seems to be the most characteristic and common ‘ but- tercup.” 6. AQUILEGIA Tourn. (COoLUMBINE.) Perennial herbs, with ternately compound leaves and lobed leaflets, large and showy flowers terminating the branches, sepals and petals colored alike, the latter produced backward into large hollow spurs much longer than the sepals, and erect many-seeded pods. 1. A. chrysantha Gray. Tall, 6 to 12 dm. high, moany-flowered : flowers bright yellow throughout: sepals lanceolate-oblong, hardly exceeding 2.5 cm. in length, a little longer and not broader than the limb of the petals: spurs very slender, over 5 om. long.—In the mountains of western Texas, where it is the most abundant “ golumbine” and one of the showiest of flowers. ; 2. A.longissima Gray. Somewhat pubescent, with silky hairs, 9 dm. bi gh : flowers ‘lake, white, and straw color:” sepals lanceolate, broadly spreading, 2.5 to 3 cm. long: petals narrower than in the last, spatulate, about 18 mu. long, the claw opening by a narrow orifice into the very slender elongated spur, which is 12 cm. long or more.—A Mexican columbine, but discovered by Dr. Havard in the upper cafions of the Chisos Mountains. 7, DELPHINIUM, Tourn. (LARKSPUR.) Perennial herbs (our species), with palmately divided or cut leaves, a terminal raceme of blue flowers, 5 irregular petal-like sepals (the upper one prolonged into a spnr), 4 irregular petals (the upper pair with long spurs which are inciuded in the calyx spur), and many seeded pods. 1. D. Carolinianum Walter. Stem 3 to 6 dm. high, slender, often softly leak : leaves deeply 3 to 5 parted, the divisions 2 to & pines cleft ; the lobes sate linear: raceme strict: flowers sky-blue or whitish: spur ascending: podserect. (D, agureum Mx. )—In the valleys of southern and western Texas. 2816—02 2 10 MENISPERMACEZ. (MoONSEED FAMILY.) Woody climbers, with diccious flowers, sepals and petals similar, stamens of the same number or more numerous, pistils 2 to 6 becom- ing drupes with a single flattened strongly incurved stone (in ours), and palmate or peltate alternate leaves without stipules. 1. COCCULUS DC. Leaves palmate, flowers in axillary racemes or panicles, sepals, petals, and stamens 6, alternating in threes, anthers 4-celled, pistils 3 to 6 in the fertile flowers. 1, C. Carolinus DC. Minutely pubescent: leaves downy beneath, ovate or cor- date, entire or sinuately or hastately lobed, variable in shape: flowers greenish: fruit red, as large as a small pea.—A very common climber along streams, with small edible red berries. 2. C. diversifolius DC. Glabrous throughoat, or nearly so: leaves very varia- ble, cordate, ovate, or oblong (sometimes even linear-oblong), mucronate. (C. oblongi- folius DC.)—With the last, from which it can easily be distinguished by its usually narrower and glabrous leaves. BERBERIDEH. (BARBERRY FAMILY.) Shrubs or herbs, with sepals and petals usually in two rows of 3 each, stamens a8 many as the petals and opposite to them, anthers opening by valves, a single pistil becoming a berry or pod, and alter- nate leaves. 1. BERBERIS L. (BARBERRY.) Shrubs with yellow flowers and wood, 1 to 9-foliolate leaves, flowers in drooping racemes, 6 obovate concave petals with a pair of glandular spots on the base of each, irritable stamens, a circular depressed stigma, and fruit a 1 to few-seeded berry. * Filaments with two salient teeth at apex: leaves comparatively thin, and spinuloaely dentate. 1. B. repens Lindl. A low shrub less than a foot high: leaflets 3 to 7, ovate. acute: racemes few, terminating the stems: berries globose, dark blue.—A souitien, Rocky Mountain barberry, and found in the Gaudalupe Mountains of extreme west- ern Texas. * * Filaments without appendages : leaves very coriaceous and rigid, with spinescent teeth. 2. B. trifoliolata Moric. Aun evergreen shrub 6 to 15 dm. bigh, often forming large thickets: leaves glaucous, palmately trtfoliate, the leaflets sinuately 3 to 5-lobed and spiny: berries red, aromatic and acid, about as large as peas.—On gravelly slopes and foothills from the Gulf coast to the Limpia Mountains. The red berries ripen in May, are often called “currants,” and are used for tarts, jellies, etc. 3. B. Fremonti Torr. A shrub 15 to 30 dm. high: leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, the lowest pair close to the base of the petiole, repand-dentate and spiny: iberelas somewhat ovate, about the size of currauts, dark blue.—A rare shrub in the mountain catons of extreme western Texas. 4. B. Swaseyi Buckley. An evergreen shrub 6 to 9 dm. high: leaflets 5 to 9, the basal smallest, glaucous and reticulate veiny beneath, repand-dentate and bese 11 berries nearly globose, about 12 mm. in diameter, ‘‘subtransparent,” yellowish-white tinged with red.—Discovered along the Perdinales River and not recorded since. Very near to the last species, but a smaller shrub, with usually more leaflets, and larger berries of a different color. NYMPHEACEA. (WATER-LILY FAMILY.) Aquatic perennial herbs, with horizontal rootstocks, peltate (or some- times cordate) leaves floating or emersed, and solitary axillary flowers. * Sepals and petals each 3 (rarely 4): stamens 3 or 4: pistils (2 or 3) free and dis- tinct: stems slender, leafy, coated with mucilage: flowers small. 1. Cabomba. Submersed leaves capillary-multifid. ** Sepals and petals numerous in several rows, passing gradually into each other: stamens indefinitely numerous: pistils separately immersed in an obconical recep- tacle which is much enlarged and broadly top-shaped at maturity, the imbedded nut-like fruits resembling small acorns. 2, Nelumbo. Leaves centrally peltate and flowers large. ** * Sepals 4 to 6, and petals numerous in many rows, either free from or adnate to the surface of the compound many-celled ovary, which contains numerous ovules attached over the whole inner face of the cells: fruit berry-like, with a firm rind. 3. Castalia. The large petals adnate to the ovary, and the stamens on its summit. 4. Nymphea. The very small and stamen-like petals and stamens inserted under the ovary. 1. CABOMBA Aublet. Slender mainly submersed plants, with opposite or whorled capillary- dissected leaves, a few floating alternate and centrally peltate ones, and single small flowers on long axillary peduncles. 1. C. Caroliniana Gray. Floating leaves linear-oblong or obovate, often with a basal notch: flowers 12 to 16 mm. broad, white with yellow spots at base.—Common in ponds and creeks. 2. NELUMBO Tourn. (SACRED BEAN.) The only genus in the suborder, and sufficiently described in the generic key. 1. N. lutea Pers. Leaves usually raised high ont of water, circular with the center depressed or cupped, 3 to6 dm. in diameter: flowers pale yellow, 12.5 to 25 om. broad. (Nelumbium luteum Willd.) —Along the lower Rio Grande. Called by various local naines, such as “‘ yellow nelumbo,” “ water chinquapin,” etc., but none are as good as the original Ceylonese name ‘“nelumbo.” 3. CASTALIA Salisb. (WATER-NYMPH. WATER-LILY.) Flowers very showy (white, pink, yellow, or blue), sepals 4 and green outside, petals numerous, the innermost gradually passing into stamens, the many-celled ovary concave at summit and with radiate stigmas, fruit depressed-globular, naiuring under water. 1. C. ampla Salisb. Leaves large, cordate with a deep narrow sinus and a little peltate, sinuate-dentate, usually purple beneath, and the sepals with purple lines: petals white or creamy-white. (Nymphoa ampla DC.)—A Mexican species, but col- 12 lected along the Rio Grande by Wright in 1848, somewhere above Presidio de Rio Grande, and probably to be found on the Texan aide. 2. C. elegans Greene. A slender species: leaves not as large as in the last, with broader sinus, entire or obscurely crenate, apt to be purple beneath, and the sepals with purple lines: petals acute or acuminate, tinged with blue. (Nymphaea elegans Hook.)—A beautiful blue water-lily, found in lagoons, etc., along the Brazos and Rio Grande, and presumably in intermediate localities. 3. C. Mexicana. Leaves more nearly round and thicker, with narrow sinus, entire or crenate, and conspicuously reticulated beneath: sepals not streaked, and petals light yellow, obtuse or acute. (Nymphaa Mexicana Zuce. )—In lagoons along the lower Rio Grande. This yellow water-lily is very near the C. flava Greene of Florida, of which it may be buv a form. ; 4. NYMPHZA Tourn. (YELLOW POND-LILY. SPATTER-DOCK.) Flowers yellow, sepals 5 or 6 or more, colored (or partly green out- side) and roundish or concave, petals numerous but small and stamen- like and inserted with the very numerous short stamens under the ovary, and not surpassing the disk-like radiate sessile stigma. 1. N. advena Ait. Floating or emersed and erect leaves thick, from roundish to ovate or oblong, the sinus open or closed or narrow; thin submersed leaves seldom present: sepals 6, unequal: petals shorter than the stamens: stigma 12 to 24-rayed, pale red: fruit ovate, about 3.7 cm. long. (Nuphar advena Ait. f.)—Common in still or stagnant waters. PAPAVERACER. (Poppy FAmMILy.) Herbs with milky or colored juice, regular 2 or 4-merous flowers, fuga- cious sepals, early deciduous showy petals, numerous stamens, a dry many-seeded pod.like fruit, and alternate leaves without stipules. Our two genera are annuals. 1. Argemone. Leaves simple, prickly-toothed: sepals distinct: capsule oblong or ovoid, prickly: juice yellow. 2. Eschscholtzia, Leaves finely dissected: sepals united into a narrow pointed cap: capsule linear, grooved: juice colorless. 1. ARGEMONE L. (PRICKLY POPPY.) Stout glaucescent annuals, with sinuately pinnatifid prickly toothee leaves, large brightly colored flowers, 2 or 3 spinosely beaked sepat: 4 to 6 petals, and a prickly 1-celled pod opening at the top. 1. A. platyceras Link & Otto. Erect, 3 to 7.5 dm. high, hispid throughout or armed with rigid bristles or prickles: leaves 7.5 to 15 cm. long, the lower attenuate to a winged petiole, the upper sessile or auriculate-clasping: flowers white, 5 to 10 em. in diameter. (A. hispida Gray).—Abundant in the valleys and along dry hill- sides. Var. rosEa Coulter has bright Tose-purple petals: so far reported only from near the coast (vicinity of Corpus Christi) and from adjoining Mexico. 2. A. Mexicana L. Similar, but smoother, having leaves blotched with white, and petals usually yellow.—Dry hillsides and valleys througho Ca y' ughout southern Texas and 18 2. ESCHSCHOLTZIA Cham. (CALIFORNIA POPPY.) Smooth slender glaucous annuals, with finely dissected leaves, bright orange or yellow flowers, sepals coherent into a pointed hood which speedily falls off entire from a dilated top-shaped receptacle, 4 petals, and elongated strongly 10-nerved pods which open their whole length. 1. H. Mexicana Greene. Dwarf and rather stout: leaves with crowded lobes: peduncles 5 to 25 cm. long, mostly scapiform: petals orange-yellow, broad, 12 to 25 mm. long. (E. Douglasii, var. parvula Gray.)—The most eastern species, barely entering extreme western Texas along the Rio Grande. FUMARIACEH, (Fumitory Famity.) Delicate smooth herbs, with eompound dissected leaves, irregular flowers, 2 small scale-like sepals, 4 petals in 2 pairs, the outer with spreading tips and one or both spurred or saccate at base, the inner with callous crested tips united over the stigma, 6 stamens in 2 sets of 3 each, and I-celled few to many-seeded pods. 1. CORYDALIS Vent. Ours are biennial leafy-stemmed pale plants, with yellow flowers in racemes, corolla 1-spurred at base, and pod with many-crested seeds. * Hood or saccate tip of outer petals crestless, the back at most carinate: flowers golden- yellow. 1. C. aurea Willd. Commonly slender and with spreading pedicels: spur of corolla barely half the length of the body, somewhat decurved: pods pendulous or spreai- ing, terete, torulose when dry: seeds turgid, with obtuse margin.—One of the early bloomers, on sandy ground throughout Texas. Var. OCCIDENTALIS Engelm. is more erect and cespitose, stouter, with rather larger flowers in a stouter erect raceme, spur almost as long as the body and commonly ascending, pods thicker, less toruluse, mostly incurved, ascending on short spreading pedicels, and seeds less turgid, with acutish margins. (C. montana Eng.)—Southern and western Texas. 2. CG. curvisiliqua Engelm. Habit of preceding variety, and with spiciform raceme of rather larger flowers, the spur as long as the body: pods quadrangular, incurved and ascending or straightish on very short and stont diverging pedicels: seeds turgid-lenticular, with acute margins.—Southern (uear New Braunfels) and western Texas. Well marked by its tetragonal pods. ** Hood or saccate tip of outer petals dorsally wing-crested : flowers pale yellow and short- spurred. 3. C. micrantha Gray. Stems diffuse and slender: flowers short-pediceled and small-bracted, when full-developed 8 mm. long, with spur 2 to 4 mm. long: often with only cleistogamous and much smaller flowers, which are spurless and erestless, or only slightly crested: pods linear and slender, torulose, ascending on short or very short pedicels: seeds turgid, with obtuse margin. (C. aurea var. micrantha Engelm.)—A species of the Gulf States extending into Texas, possibly as far west as our eastern limit. CRUCIFERZ, (MusTARD FAmMILy.) Herbs, with a pungent watery juice, alternate leaves without sti- pules, flowers (mostly bractless) in terminal racemes or corymbs, 4 sepals and petals, 6 (rarely 4 or 2) stamens (2 of which are shorter than 14 the remaining 4), and a long or short pod, which is usually 2-celled by a thin partition which bears the seeds, and from which the valves sepa- rate when ripe (in one group the pods indehiscent and continuous or jointed).—No attempt should be made to name the plants of this fam- ily without mature pods. The following generic key is artificial: I. Pod 2-celled, dehiscent by 2 valves. * Pod terete, turgid, or 4-angled. + Pod long-linear {2.5 to 10 cm.): seeds in 1 row. ++ Valves 1-nerved (except one species of Thelypodium). 1. Thelypodium. Flowers white or rose-color: anthers sagittate at base, curved: pod terete or nearly so: stigma mostly entire. 2. Erysimum. Flowers yellow: anthers sagittate, not coiled: pod 4-angled: stigma 2-lobed. ++ ++ Valves 3-nerved. 3. Dryopetalon. Petals white and pinnately lobed: pod terete and very slender: leaves runcinate. One species of Thelypodium may be looked for here. + + Pod linear, shorter (mostly less than 2.5 cm. long), nearly terete: valves 1'to 3- nerved : seeds in 1 row (except in one species of Sisymbrium): flowers yellow or white. 4. Brassica. Pod with a long stout beak: seeds globose. 5. Sisymbrium. Pod short-pointed or obtuse: seeds oblong: mostly annuals, with toothed or finely dissected leaves. + + + Pod oblong-cylindric to globose: valves strongly convex, nerveless: sceds in 2 rows. 6. Nasturtium. Pod oblong or short-linear: flowers white or yellow: smooth or somewhat hispid. 7. Lesquerella. Pod globose (in ours): flowers mostly yellow: with stellate often dense pubescence. ** Pod flattened parallel to the broad partition. + Pod short: flowers white or yellow. 8. Draba. Pod ovate to oblong or linear: low plants with racemose flowers. + + Pod elongated: flowers white to purple, 9. Arabis. Anthers short, scarcely emarginate at base: petals with a flat blade and claw: calyx short or narrow, rarely colored. 10. Streptanthus. Anthers elongated, sagittate at base: petals more or less twisted or undulate, the claw channeled: calyx dilated and usually colored. *** Pod more or less flattened contrary to the narrow partition. + Pod linear, becoming elongated (2.5 cm. or more) and more or leas arcuate: flowers white or purple. 11. Greggia. Lowstellately pubescent plants, with rather large flowers and pubes- cent pods. + + Pod short, from oblong to orbicular. ++ Flowers white. 12. Capsella. Pod obcordate or oval, many-seeded : nearly smooth or pubescent annuals, 13. Thlaspi. Pod cuneate-oblong, with sharply keeled valves, and cells 2 to 4- seeded: smooth alpine perennial with entire or toothed leaves. 14, Lepidium. Pod orbicular or obovate, 2-winged at the summit and cells 1 or 2-seeded. ++ + Flowers purple or yellow (rarely white) THELYPODIUM VASEYI, n. sp. ahi ff 3 ip) Ss | PLaTE I. Ya fo YE Bee W ScHoLt det 15 15. Synthlipsis. Pod oblong-elliptical, emarginate, with acutely keeled winged valves, and many seeds. II. Pod of 2 indehiscent cells, separating at maturity from the persistent axis. 16. Biscutella. Cells flat, nearly orbicular: flowers rather large: stigma dilated or conical. III. Pod inde hiscent, continuous or of 1-celled joints. 17. Cakile. Pod short, 2:jointed: joints 1-seeded. 18. Raphanus. Pod elongated, several-seeded, continuous or constricted between the seeds. 1. THELYPODIUM Endl. Mostly stout and coarse biennials, with white or rose-colored flowers, Sagittate curved anthers, long-linear mostly terete pods with mostly l1-nerved valves and oblong seeds in onerow. The cotyledons are more or less incumbent (|). * Leaves all entire and attenuate at base. 1. T. linearifolium Watson. Glabrous,3dm. or more high: leaves linear, the lowermost lancevlate, acutish, sessile, 3.5 to 5 em. long: flowers showy, 12 mm. or less high, rose-purple: pods erect, on spreading pedicels, very slender, 5 to 6 cm. long, with very short style.—In the mountains of extreme western Texas. ** Leaves toothed or pinnatifid (at least the radical ones }e + Leaves attenuate to a petiole. 2. T. micranthum Watson. More or less stellate-pubescent (or even quite gla- brous), 3 to 9 dm. high: lower and stem leaves oblanceolate, sinuately pinnatifid, stellate-pubescent, the upper linear, entire, usually glabrous : flowers small, 2 to 3mm. long: calyx glabrous or pubescent: pod slend er, about 2.5 em. long, sessile, with a very short thick style. (TZ. longifolium of most authors, but not of Watson, which seems to be a Mexican species. )—In the mountains of extreme western Texas. 3. LT. Wrightii Gray. Glabrous or nearly so, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves broadly lan- ceolate or lanceoiate-oblong, all pinnatifid, repand-toothed, or denticulate: flowers larger and rose-color : pod slender, elongated, becoming 5 to 7.5 em. or more long, very shortly stipitate.—In the mountains of extreme western Texas. + + Leaves auriculate clasping. 4, T. Vaseyi Coulter. Glaucous and glabrous throughout, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves thin, oblanceolate, narrower above, entire or lower leaves somewhat repand-denticu- late, clasping by roundish auricles: flowers very small, about 3 mm. high, white: pod very slender, becoming distant and ascending or erect, 3.5 to more than 5 cm. long. (See Plate 1.)—Near Rio Grande City atid also in the mountains of New Mexico. Doubtless to be found at intermediate stations in the neighborhood of the Rio Grande. ~ 5, T auriculatum Watson. Sparingly pilose, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves lyrate-pin- natifid, somewhat runcinate, stem leaves with two round stipuliform clasping auricles remote from the lower proper lobes: flowers 6 mm. long, white: pod slender, widely spreading, or ascending on divaricate pedicels, 3.5 cm. long, with 3-nerved valves, but the midnerve more prominent (Sisymbrium auriculatum Gray).—In the mountains of extreme western Texas. 2. ERYSIMUM Tourn. Mostly pubescent biennials, with leaves not clasping, yellow flowers, sagittate (but not coiled) anthers, linear 4-sided pods, oblong seeds in one row, and broadly lobed stigma. 16 1, B. asperum DC. (WESTERN WALL-FLOWER.) Minutety ronghish hoary, stout, 3to6dm. high, simple: leaves lanceolate to linear, entire or somewhat toothed: flowers crowded and showy, bright orange-yellow: petals orbicular, on very slender claws: pods nearly erect or widely spreading on short pedicels, elongated, 7.5 to 10 em. long.—Common in western Texas, along streams, on rocky bluffs and foothills, and on the plains. 3. DRYOPETALON Gray. An annual or biennial plant, with runcinate clustered radical leaves, few and smaller stem leaves, many-flowered racemes crowded. even in fruit, white flowers with petals lobed like a common oak-leaf, and very slender terete pods with sessile stigma and 3-nerved valves. 1. D. runcinatum Gray. Stem3to6dm. high, branching, glabrous: radical leaves 7.5 to 10 cm. long, short-petioled, oblong or obovate, pubescent or villous, especially beneath; stem leaves successively smaller, not auriculate or dilated at base: petals 6 mm. long, the limb incisely pinnatifid into 5 or 7 lobes, being one of the few mem- bers of this family with lobed petals.—In the mountains of extreme western Texas and northern Mexico. 4. BRASSICA L. The B. Rapa L., or common turnip, seems to have escaped extensively from cultivation in Texas. It should at once be recognized by its rough lyrate radical leaves and characteristic roots. 5. SISYMBRIUM Tourn. Pubescent annuals or bicnuials, with toothed or finely dissected leaves, very small yellow or white flowers, linear nearly terete pods, and oblong seeds. 1, S. canescens Nutt. (Tansy MuSTARD.) Leaves twice pinnatifid, often hoary or downy, the divisions small and toothed: flowers yellowish: pods in long racemes, oblong-club-shaped or oblong-linear.- -Throughout Texas, and one of the most com- mon of western mustards. 2. S. diffusum Gray. Diffusely and divergently branching and canescent with minute pubescence: leaves oblong, obtuse, attenuate at base, sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid: flowers white, the petals scarcely longer than the sepals: pods in short racemes, almost subulate, scarcely thicker than their pedicels, canescent, tipped with : manifest style.—Growing on rocky ledges in the mountains of extreme western fexas. 6. NASTURTIUM BR. Br. (WATER-CREss. ) Aquatic or marsh plants, usually glabrous, with commonly pinnate or piunatifid leaves, yellow or white flowers, oblong-linear to globular pods, and strungly convex nerveless valves. * Petals white, twice the length of the calyx: pods linear: leaves pinnate: perennial. 1. N. officinale R. Br. (TRUE waTER-cRESS ) Esca; sable th Br. q z88, ped from cultivation into brvoks and ditches which it rapidly fills with its spreading and rooting stems: leaf- lets 3 to 11, roundish or oblong, nearly entire: pods 12 to 16 mm, long. slender widely spreading pedicels.—This native of Europe is said to : sion of most of the streams in western Texas, — ascending on have taken posses- 17 "* Petals yellow or yellowish, seldom much longer than the sepals : leaves mostly pinnati- jid: pods various : annual or biennial. 2. N. sessiliflorum Nutt. Stems erect, rather simple: leaves obtusely incised or toothed, obovate or oblong: flowers minute, nearly sessile: pods elongated-oblong, thick.—Reported as yet only from northeastern and central Texas, but probably much more widely distributed. 3. N. obtusum Nutt. Stems much branched and diffusely spreading: leaves pin- nately parted or divided, the divisions roundish and obtusely toothed or repand: flowers minute, short-pediceled: pods longer than the pedicels, varying from linear- oblong to short oval.—In wet sandy places throughout western and southern Texas. 4. N. palustre DC. (Mars cress.) Stems erect, smooth to hirsute: leaves pin- nately cleft or parted, or the upper laciniate, the lobes oblong and cut-toothed: pedicels about as long as the small flowers and mostly longer than the oblong or ovoid pods.—Western Texas, in wet places or in shallow water. The length of the pods is very variable, 5. N. tanacetifolium Hook. & Arn. Stems much branched and somewhat decum- bent or diffuse: leaves smooth, pinnately divided, the segments sinuate-pinnatifid or toothed: flowers very small, on pedicels about one-third as long as the oblong-linear nearly erect pods.-—Near Corpus Christi Bay (Palmer) and in northern Mexico. 7. LESQUERELLA Watson. Low herbs, more or less hoary with stellate hairs or lepidote, entire or repandly toothed leaves, mostly yellow flowers, and turgid globose pods with nerveless valves and a hyaline septum nerved from apex to middle.—A large southwestern genus, formerly referred to the old world genus Vesicaria. * Not canescent or scarcely so, the pubescence loosely stellate: filaments somewhat dilated at base. + Stem-leaves auriculate: seeds margined. 1. L. grandiflora Watson. Rather finely pubescent: lower leaves oblanceolate, sinuate or sinuate-pinnatifid, the upper oblong to oblong-lanceolate: petals obovate: filaments narrowed gradually above the base: pods glabrous, sessile, suberect on divar- icate pedicels: style 2 mm. long or less.—Middle Texas, from the Gulf to Red River. 2. L. auriculata Watson, found a little east of our range, in Austin County, may be found further west. It is more hirsute, with spreading hairs, has narrower petals, filaments abruptly and broadly dilated at base, and pods slightly narrowed at base. + + Leaves not auriculate: seeds marginless. 3. L. lasiocarpa Watson. Finely pubescent: leaves coarsely toothed or pinnati- fid, oblanceolate to oblong: petals obovate: pods hirsute, sessile, the stout style half as long.—From Trinity River to northern Mexico. 4, L. densiflora Watson. Finely pubescent and somewhat canescent: leaves en- tire or sparingly repand, oblanceolate: petals broadly spatulate: fruiting raceme often short and crowded: pods glabrous, substipitate, the very slender style as long.— Central Texas. * * Canescent throughout with fine appressed and often compact stellate pubescence or lepi- dote: leaves not auriculate-clasping : filaments filiform: seeds marginless : pods gla- brous (or pubescent in var. of No. 9). + Pods pendent on recurved pedicels, sessile. 5, L. purpurea Watson. Biennial or perennial, the pubescence fine, scattered, or more or less compact on the lower leaves: leaves oblanceolate, the lower often coarsely repand or subpinnatifid: flowers white or rose-colored: pods rarely ascending, 3 to 6mm. broad; style 2 mm. long or less.— Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 18 @. L. recurvata Watson. Annual, thinly pubescent: leaves entire, oblong-oblan- ceolate or spatulate, short: flowers yelluw: pods 2 to 4 mm. broad, with style about as long.—Central Texas. + + Pods suberect on ascending or curved pedicels. + Annuals: pods often stipitate. 7. L. Lindheimeri Watson. Pubescence very fine or compactly lepidote: stems erect or ascending: leaves oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, repand or dentate: pods 4mm. broad, with a short stipe and style rather shorter than the pod; cells 6 to 8- ovuled.—On ‘ black stiff prairie soil” on the lower Guadalupe (Victoria County). 8. L. gracilis Watson. Pubescence very fine, usually scanty: stems slender and usually lax: leaves narrowly oblanceolate, entire or sparingly repand: pods stipitate, 3 to 4mm. broad, on slender often elongated pedicels, and with style nearly or quite as long; cells 4 to 6-ovuled.— From the lower Rio Grande northward through central Texas. Var. SESSILIS Watson, with sessile pods, is found in western Texas. 9. L. Gordoni Watson. Often low, pubescence somewhat coarser: leaves linear- oblanceolate, entire or rarely repand: pods stipitate, 4mm. broad, with shorter style; cells 6-ovuled.—An early bloomer in the valleys of southern and western Texas. Var. SESSILIS Watson has pods sessile or nearly so and often pubescent.—With the species. + ++ Biennials or perennials: pods sessile or nearly so, on ascending or spreading pedicels. = Pubescence evidently stellate. 10. L. Engelmanni Watson. Pubescence dense, caudex usually much branched: stems often dwarf, usually simple: leaves ovate and petiolate to linear-oblanceolate, or the upper linear-spatulate, entire or slightly repand: raceme usually short: pods suhstipitate, 6 mm. broad, style as long.—Central and western Texas. Very variable in its leaves, some extreme forms having very narrow and entire leaves and others broad and sinuate-dentate leaves. 11. L. argyrea Watson. Pubescence more or less dense, caudex often simple: leafy stems decumbent or procumbent: leaves ovate and petiolate to narrowly oblan- ceolate, entire or repand: petals often turning purple: pods sessile, in a long raceme, 4to5 mm. broad, style as lung or shorter.—F rom the lower Rio Grande to the moun- tains of western Texas, == Pubescence compactly lepidote, rarely evidently stellafe. 12. L. Pendleri Watson. Candex much branched, often dwarf, stems simple: leaves numcrous, entire, mostly narrowly linear-oblanceolate : pods in a dense usually short raceme, 4 to 6 mm. long, sometimes ellipsoidal or acutish, with style usually as long.— Western Texas. 8. DRABA Dill. (WuitLow-arass.) Low herbs, with stellate pubescence, entire or toothed leaves, small white flowers (in ours), and short ovate to oblong or linear pods flat- tened parallel to the broad partition.—Our species belong to § DRA- BELLA, and are winter annuals, with short leafy stems, oblong or obovate hairy sessile leaves, and no style. 1. D. Caroliniana Walt., var. MICRANTHA Gray. Branches often decumbent, the peduncles scape-like: leaves entire: pedicels clustered or approximate: flowers very swall: pods linear, subappressed-hispid.—Stony places, western Texas. 2. D. cuneifolia Nutt. Leaves cuneate-obovate to oblanceolate, coarsely few- toothed or entire: pedicels more remotely racemose and raceme pedunculate: pods linear-oblong, usually acutish, shortly subappressed-hispid.—One of the earliest bloomers in the valleys of southern and western Texas. Var. PLATYCARPA Watson has oblcng-oval usually obtuse pods.—With the type, and perhaps the commoner form. 19 9. ARABIS L, (Rock cress.) Low or tall herbs, with white or purple flowers, sbort anthers scarcely emarginate at base, petals with flat blade and claw, and elongated pods flattened parallel to the broad partition. 1. A. Ludoviciana Meyer. Low, diffuse or spreading from the base, nearly gla- brous: leaves all pinnately parted into oblong or linear few-toothed or entire divi- sions, those of the lower leaves numerous: flowers small, white: pods rather broadly linear, spreading, flat; seeds winged.—One of the earliest bloomers in the valleys of southern and western Texas. . 2. A. petiolaris Gray. Mostly simple, 6 to 9 dm. high, wholly glabrous except the base of the stem and the lowest leaves: leaves ample, 7.5 to 17.5 em. long, on pe- tioles about half as long; the lower with a hastate-lanceolate or triangular outline; the upper broadly lanceolate, with a truncate, rounded, or even tapering base, all more or less lyrately cut or lobed (or the uppermost entire): flowers white, tinged with purple: pods numerous, broadly linear, 7.5 cm. long; seeds very broadly winged. —In thickets and shady woods from the Colorado to the Rio Grande and to the mountains of western Texas. 10. STREPTANTHUS Nutt. Mostly glabrous and glaucous annuals or biennials, with cordate or sagittate-clasping toothed or entire leaves, broad and usually colored sepals, twisted or undulate petals (rose-purple in ours), elongated sagittate anthers, and elongated pods dattened parallel to the broad partition. * Petals with a broad and ample plane blade. 1. S. bracteatus Gray. Lower leaves from entire to lyrate-pinnatifid; all deeply cordate-clasping, merging gradually into the persistent bracts which subtend all the flowers: pods elongated-linear, 15 cm. long or more, spreading —Sand bars of the Colorado and Guadalupe, aud undoubtedly along other rivers of southern and western Texas. 2. S. platycarpus Gray. Leaves clasping by rather short and rounded lobes, the lower and radical ones lyrate-pinnatilid: flowers (or all but the lowest) bractless: pods oblong-linear, 5 to 6 mm. broad and 5 to7.5cem. long, very flat, erect.—On stony hills, valleys of the Pecos and San Antonio, and doubtless other rivers of south- western Texas. ** Petals undulate-crisped, the blade narrow or attenuate, scarcely if at all broader than the claw. 3. S. carinatus Wright. Radical and lower stem leaves rancinate, the upper ones sagittate-clasping, all very glaucous: calyx urceolate and earinately 5-saccate: fila- ments distinct: pedicels of the flowers and of the broadly linear and flat (half-grown) pods erect.—Cafions and rocky hills near the Rio Grande in extreme western Texas, extending into New Mexico and northern Mexico. ; 4. S. hyacinthoides Hook. Cauline leaves oblong-linear, acuminate, scarcely sagittate-clasping or not at all: one pair of the longer filaments connate: pods nar- row.—Indian Territory, and extending into northeastern Texas, probably within our range at the north. 11. GREGGIA Gray. Low stellately pubescent plants, with rather large white or purple flowers, sagittate coiled anthers (at maturity), and linear elongated 20 more or less curved pubescent pods which are flattened contrary to the narrow partition. 1. G. camporum Gray. Low and suffruticose: leaves spatulate, rather broad (sometimes becoming as much as 2.5 em.), repand to sinuate-dentate or even pinnati- fid, tapering to a petiole: pods narrowly linear, becoming elongated (2.5 cu. or more) and arcuate at maturity, tipped by a conspicuous style.—High prairies and limestone hills in mountains of extreme western Texas. Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA Coulter has very narrow leaves but 2 to 4 mm. broad, mostly entire but occasionally sinuate-toothed.— Mountains of western Texas, 2. G. linearifolia Watson. With the habit of the last, but the leaves linear, atten- uate at base, entire, 2.5 to 5 cm. long: pods narrower, 12 mm. long or less, and not 2mm. broad: style shorter.—Blutts of the Rio Grande and the Pecos and their tributa- ries in extreme western Texas. 12. CAPSELLA Medic. Smooth or pubescent annuals, with abundant small white flowers, toothed or pinnatifid leaves, and short obcordate or oval many-seeded pods which are flattened contrary to the narrow partition.—The genus to which belongs the exceedingly common “shepherd’s purse” (C. Bursa-pastoris Mcench.), which must have found its way into Texas, though not yet reported. 1. C. pubens Watson. From3 to 5 dm. high including the fully developed fruiting racemes which are from 15 to 25 cm. long, rather stout and strict and loaded with pods: leaves glabrate, lanceolate or oblong, somewhat dentate, the lower inclined to be more sinnate-toothed and spatulate: ravemes subcinereous with stellate pubescence: pods oval, inflated, cinereous with stellate pubescence, tipped by a short style.—In wet ground from the Pecos to the Rio Grande, 13. THLASPI L. (PENNYCRESS.) Low glabrous herbs, with simple stems, rosulate entire or toothed lower leaves, oblong auricled and clasping upper ones, white or pinkish flowers, and cuneate-oblong usually emarginate pods with sharply keeled valves. 1. T.alpestre L. Radicalleaves petioled, ovate or obovate: pods acutely margined but not winged.—In the mountains of extreme western Texas, 14. LEPIDIUM Tourn. (PEPPERWORT. PEPPERGRASS.) Annuals or biennials, with pinnatifid or toothed or entire leaves tapering at base, small white or greenish flowers, and roundish much flattened pods, 2-winged at summit, and with seeds solitary in each cell—The wings at summit give the pod the appearance of being notched. * Petals conspicuous: stamens 6. 1. L. alyssoides Gray. Stems diffuse, branches minutely puberulent: leaves nar- rowly linear, mucronulate, very entire, lowest often pinnately lobed: racemes dense corymbose: pods ovate, shortly winged above with acutish teeth, scarcely emarginate, with a very short style.—In the valleys of the Rio Grande and its western tributaries, ** Petals very minute or wanting : stamens 2 or 4. 2. L. intermedium Gray. Erect and branching, puberulent or glabrous: lower leaves toothed or pinnatifid, upper often entire, oblanceolate or linear: stamens 2: 21 pods smooth or rarely puberulent, very shortly winged with somewhat divergent obtuse tecth, on spreading pedicels.—Ravines throughout southern and western Texas. 3. L.sordidum Gray. Low, with stems diffusely branching from the base, branches somewhat granulose-viscid : stem leaves small, spatulate, incised-pinnatifid, glabrous: racemes humerous, elongated and densein fruit: flowers very small: stamens 4: pods ovate, emarginate, winged, smooth, as long as the erect crowded pedicels.—In moun- tain valleys of western Texas. ; 4. L. lasiocarpum Nutt. Low, 15 cm. or less high, pubescent throughout with short spreading hairs: stem leaves spatulate, dentate or incised, the lowest and radical ones often pinnatifid: petals wanting: stamens 2: the straight pedicels stout and much flattened, shorter than the pods which are round, hispidulous, and emargi- nate at apex with a narrow sinus.—In alluvial and sandy soil, western Texas. This species includes LZ. Wrightit Gray. Associated with it is var. TENUIPES Watson, which is taller, more slender, less pubescent, with narrowerand more slender pedicels, which are as long as or exceed the glabrous pod. 15. SYNTHLIPSIS Gray. Diffusely branching herbs, more or less canescent with stellate pubes- cence, with pinnatifid leaves, purple or yellow (rarely white) flowers, and oblong elliptical emarginate many-seeded pods flattened contrary to the narrow partition and with acutely keeled winged valves. 1. S. Greggii Gray. Canescent or subcinereous: leaves obovate or oblong, coarsely sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid, mostly narrowed into a petiole: flowers rose-color or white: pods elliptical or oval, 3 to 14 mm. long, canescent, strongly emarginate, the compressed acutely keeled valves margined and produced at apex.—Iillsides along the lower Rio Grande. 2, S. Berlandieri Gray, var. HISPIDA Watson. More or less villous, with little stellate pubescevce: leaves oblong, laciniately pinnatifid and toothed, those of the stem sessile: flowers yellow: ovary densely hairy, the pod more loosely so, orbicu- lar, 6 mm. in diameter, slightly retuse at apex (or at both ends), the valves barely acute on the back, which is not produced into a margin at apex.—Near Corpus Christi Bay and Brazos Santiago; extendmg into Mexico with the type. 16. BISCUTELLA L. Erect hispid or tomentose branching herbs, with entire or pinnatifid leaves, yellowish or white flowers (in ours), and laterally flattened pois in which the 1-seeded cells are indehiscent and nearly orbicular, sepa- rating at maturity from the persistent axis. 1. B. Wislizeni Watson. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering into short petioles, repand-deutate: pedicels filiform, 10 to 16 mm. long, longer than flower or fruit; flowers about 6 wm. in diameter: pods 10 to 12 mm. in width and bout half as high, broadly truncate above, deeply cordate at base: stigma conical.—Prairies and sandy vanks along the upper Rio Grande and the “Staked Plains.” Dr. Havard aptly speaks of this as ‘‘ spectacle-fruited.” It is the Dithyrea Wislizent Engelm. 17. CAKILE Tourn. Fleshy sea-side annuals, with pinnatifid or lobed leaves, white or purple flowers in racemes opposite the leaves, and 2-joiuted pods, the joints 1-seeded. 22 1. C. maritima Scop., var. ZQUALIS Chapman. Stem much branched and pros- trate: leaves oblong, irregularly toothed or pinuatifid, narrowed into a petiole: pods linear, &-ribbed, the upper joint ovate-lanceolate, slightly compressed, beaked, a third longer than the lower cylindrical one.—Drifting sands along the coast, near Brazos Santiago. A species common in Florida and the West Indies. 18. RAPHANUS L. (RaDIsH.) Coarse introduced annuals or biennials, with elongated several-seeded beaked pods, which are either continuous or constricted between the seeds. 1. R. Raphanistrum L. is known as ‘wild radish,” and is becoming a trouble- some weed. It ay be known by its yellow petals, which are veined and become whitish or purplish, and its necklace-shaped pods, which are long-beaked, 1 to 9-seeded, and break easily between the seeds.—Said to be abundantly naturalized along the lower Rio Grande. CAPPARIDEH. (CAPER FAMILY.) Ours are herbs, with alternate mostly compound leaves, racemose flowers, 4 sepals and petals, 6 or more (nearly equal) stamens, a single style and stigma, and a 1 or 2-celled pod with kidney-shaped seeds. * Fruit pod-like, 1-celled, several to many-seeded. 1, Cleomella. Stamens 6: petals yellow, entire: pod very short, rhomboidal, long-stipitate. 2. Cristatella. Stamens 6 to 14: petals white or yellow, fimbriate-toothed or laciniate : pod linear, stipitate. 3. Polanisia. Stamens 8 to 32: petals whitish or purple, notched at apex: pod elongated, shortly stipitate or not at all. *~ Fruit didymous, 2-celled, the cells separating as small 1-seeded nutlets. 4. Wislizenia. Stamens 6: flowers yellow: nutlets open at the scar. 1. CLEOMELLA DC. Erect branching annuals, with 3-foliolate leaves, small yellow race- mose flowers, 6 stamens, and stipitate few-seeded rhomboidal pods with more or less distended or even conical valves. 1. C. angustifolia Torr. Glabrous, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaflets and simple bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, acute: valves of the rhomboidal pod bluntly conical: stipe shorter than the pedicel.—In gravelly soil and on high prairies, reported from near Houston to extreme western Texas. 2. CRISTATELLA Nutt. Minutely viscid-glandular annuals, with 3-foliolate leaves and linear leaflets, fimbriate-toothed white or yellow petals, 6 to 14 stamens, and linear stipitate pods. ; 1. C. Jamesii Torr. & Gray. Strict, somewhat branched, 3 dm. or more high: leaflets longer than the petiole: sepals obtuse: petals pale yellow, the blade of the lower ones palmately fimbriate-cleft.—Gravelly soil, between the Brazos and Pecos Rivers: said to be common on the “‘Staked Plains.” 2. C. erosa Nutt. Rather slender and branching: sepals acute: petals white, the blade of the lower ones laciniately parted: flowers larger and pods longer than in the last.— At Lamar, on Copano Bay, and northeastward through Texas to Arkansas. 23 3. POLANISIA Raf. Fetid annuals witb glandular or clammy hairs, petioled mostly 3- foliolate leaves with lanceolate leaflets, rose-colored or white flowers in leafy-bracted racemes, 8 to 32 stamens, and elongated many-seeded pods erect on spreading pedicels. 1, P. trachysperma Torr. & Gray. Erect, 1.5 to 6 dm. high: leaflets 1 to 5 cm, long, acute, about equaling the petioles: petals 6 to 10 mm. long: stamens 12 to 16: style 4 to 8 mm. long: pod 2.5 to 6.2 cm. long, very rarely on a short slender stipe: seeds finely pitted and often warty.—In sandy soil, apparently common throughout the State. 2. P. uniglandulosa DC. Very near the last, but differs in its much larger flowers, greatly elongated style, larger pods upon a stout terete stipe, and smooth seeds.—A Mexican and New Mexican species, but reported on the hills near El Paso. 4. WISLIZENIA Engelm. Smooth erect branching annuals, with (in ours) 3-foliolate leaves, yellow racemose flowers, 6 stamens, elongated style, and didymous pods with nutlike nerved or reticulated cells. 1. W. refracta Engelm. Widely branching, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaflets oblanceo- late to obovate, 10 to 18 mm. long: flowers in dense racemes: petals 2 mm. long: stamens and ovary exserted: fruit 3 mm. broad or more, the divergent obovate retic- ulated valves separated by a perforated partition: stipe 4 to 6 mm. long, strongly refracted upon the rather longer pedicel.—Alluvial soils near El Paso. RESEDACEH. (MIGNONETTE FAMILY.) Herbs, with alternate leaves, glands for stipules, terminal bracteate racemes or spikes of small flowers, which are irregular and unsymmetri- cal, stamens not covered in bud, and a 1-celled 3 to 6-beaked pod.—An Old World family, containing the well-known ‘“dyer’s weed” or “ weld” (Reseda Luteola L.), and the common “sweet mignonette” (R. odorata L.). Our only genus is 1. OLIGOMERIS Cambess. Low branching herbs, with numerous linear entire leaves, small white flowers in terminal spikes, 4 lateral sepals, 2 entire or lobed petals, 3 to 8 stamens, and a 4-angled 4-beaked pod opening at the summit. 1. O. subulata Boiss, Annual, glabrous, 12.5 to 25 cm. high, branching from the root: leaves somewhat succulent, often fascicled, 12 to 25 mm. long: pods in long loose spikes, depressed globose, about 3 mm. in diameter.—Common along the Rio Grande. CISTINEH. (ROOK-ROSE FAMILY.) Low shrubs or herbs, with simple and mostly entire opposite or alter- nate leaves, regular flowers, 5 unequal sepals, 3 or 5 petals, distinct and mostly indefinite stamens, and a 1-celled 3 to 5-valved pod. 1. Helianthemum. Petals 5, fugacions (or none): stigma nearly sessile: stamens and ovules numerous in the petal-bearing flowers. 2. Lechea. Petals 3, persistent: stamens 3 to 12: style none: pod partly 3-celled, few-seeded. 24 1. HELIANTHEMUM Tourn. (ROCK-ROSE.) Low branching herbs or somewhat woody, with yellow often show s flowers (opening only once, in sunshine), fugacious petals, 3-lobed stigma, and a strictly 1-celled capsule.—Flowers mostly of two kinds, viz, earlier ones with large petals and many-seeded pods, and later ones with small petals (or none) and much smaller few-seeded pods. 1. H. Carolinianum Michx. Nearly herbaceous, 12.5 to 30 em. high, hirsute: leaves oblong or oval, slightly denticulate, the lower ones crowded and obovate: flowers on long solitary peduncles, axillary and terminal: sepals villous-birsute, the outer ones linear and shorter, the inner ovate-lanceolate, acuminate and much longer than the pod.—In dry soils, western Texas. 2. H. capitatum Nutt. Stem 2 to 3 dm. high, minutely canescent: leaves linear or linear-oblong, tomentose-canescent beneath (as are also sepals and peduncles): petaliferous flowers small, terminating the slender stem and numerous short branches; secondary flowers very small, clustered at tirst in lateral glomerate nearly sessile clusters.—In eastern Texas and extending within our range. H. CaNADENSE Mx., the common ‘‘frost-weed” of the Atlantic States, occurs in eastern Texas and may be found within our eastern limit. It much resembles Z. capitatum, but the petaliferous flowers are much larger and the whole plant more hoary. 2. LECHEA Kalm. (PINWEED.) Perennial herbs, with very small greenish or purplish flowers, 5 un- equal sepals (2 small and bract-like, 3 concave or boat-shaped), 3 with- ering-persistent petals, 3 plumose stigmas, and a globular partly 3- celled few-seeded pod. 1. L. Drummondii-Torr. & Gray. Decumbent and much branched at base, slightly pubescent: leaves linear-subulate, scattered: racemes filiform, terminating the numer- ous branches: flowers unilateral, on capillary spreading and at length reflexed pedi- cels.—Dry places, reported as yet only as far west as Gillespie County. VIOLARIEH. (VIOLET FAmILy.) Herbs, with (mostly) alternate stipulate leaves, 5 persistent sepals, a somewhat irregular 1-spurred corolla of 5 petals, 5 stamens conniv- | ing over the pistil, usually club-shaped style with stigma turned to one side, and a 1-celled 3-valved many-seeded pod. 1, Viola. Sepals auricled: lower petals spurred: stamens distinct, the 2 lower spurred. 2. Ionidium. Sepals not auricled: petals very unequal: filaments distinct, the authers connivent, 1. VIOLA Tourn. (VioLeT. HEART’s-EAsE.) Mostly perennials, with alternate leaves, foliaceous persistent sti- pules, 1-flowered axillary peduncles, auricled sepals, and a spurred lower petal containing spurs from the two lower stamens.—Besides the conspicuous flowers, later and much smaller ones are usually produced usually concealed under the leaves, which never open or develop petals, but are very fertile (cleistogamous flowers). Very few violets 25 oceur in Texas, and those included here are probably (with one excep- tion) only to be found in that part of Texas east of our range. * Stipules never leaf-like, the lower more or less scarious. + Stemless, the leaves and scapes directly from a rootstock or from runners. 1. V. palmata L., var. CUCULLATA Gray. (COMMON BLUE VIOLET.) Rootstock fleshy and thickened: glabrous to villoua- pubescent: leaves roundish-cordate or reni- form, érenate, the sides rolled inward when young: flowers variable in size and color, from deep violet blue or purple to white: lateral petals bearded. (V.cucullata Ait.)— In low ground, common almost every where, and reported within our range as far west as Gillespie County. 2. V. lanceolata L. Rootstock long and filiform, extensively creeping: smooth ; leaves lanceolate, erect, blunt, tapering into a long margined petiole, almost entire: flowers white: petals beardless.—A common northeastern violet and extending into Texas, where its western limit is unknown. + + Leafy-stemmed, 3. V. canina L., var. MULTICAULIS Gray. Depressed and stoloniferous, mostly gla- brous: leaves small, suborbicular to reniform; stipules lanceolate, fringe-toothed : flowers mostly cleistogamous, but when developed the petals are light violet, the lateral ones slightly bearded.—A violet of the south Atlantic States and extending into Texas. * * Stipules large and leaf-like, lyrate-pinnatijid. 4, V. tricolor L., var. aRvENsIS DC. (PANSY. HEaRT’s-EAsE.) Stem angled and branched, leafy throughout: leaves roundish, oval, or heart-shaped, crenate or en- tire: petals variable in color or variegated (yellow, white, blue, or purple), shorter or little longer than the calyx.—Dry or sandy soil, and apparently indigenous, at least in Texas. It is the wild representative of the common garden pansy. 2. IONIDIUM Vent. Branching and leafy perennials, with alternate and opposite leaves, small axillary flowers, sepals not auricled at base, very unequal petals (the two upper shorter), distinct filaments, and merely connivent anthers. 1. IL. polygalefolium Vent. Stems low, from a woody base: leaves linear to ob- lanceolate, or the lower obovate, entire, the stipules leaf-like or small or none: flow- ers solitary, nodding, 4 mm. long, white. (J. lineare Torr.)—An apparently common species throughout Texas, varying greatly in its leaves, stipules, and pubescence, and including several forms that were formerly considered distinct species and vari- eties. BIXINEA. Trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves (palmately lobed in ours), showy flowers in terminal panicles, 5 sepals and petals, indefinite unequal stamens, anthers opening by chinks near the apex, single style, and a 1 to 3-celled pod. 1. AMOREUXIA Mog. & Sess. Shrubs, with thowy yellow flowers in few-flowered panicles, com- pletely 3-celled and loculicidal many-seeded pods, the valves coriaceous and separating from the endocarp and scarious partitions, and obovoid seeds with a membranaceous loose fragile outer integument and a bony inner one. 9816—02-——-3 26 1 A. Wrightii Gray. Leaves 5-parted (or the lower lobes incised on the lower margin), the segments obovate, cuneate at base: fruit pendulous, oblong-ovoid, about 5 em. long: seeds obovoid, straight, the external loose arilliform integument smooth. —A very remarkable and beautiful plant, on the hills of southern and western Texas. POLYGALEZ. (MILKWORT FAMILY.) Herbs or shrubs, with simple entire leaves, no stipules, remarkable for the papilionaceous-looking flowers (but not papilionaceous in structure), monadelphous or diadelphous stamens coherent with the petals, and 1-celled anthers opening at top by a pore or chink. 1. Polygala. Petals 3, united to each other and to thestamen-tube: stamens 6 to 8: pod flat and 2-celled. 2, Krameria. Petals 5: stamens 4: pod globose, spinose or muricate, indehiscent, {-seeded. 1. POLYGALA Tourn. (MILKWORT.) Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants, with racemose or spicate flowers, 5 very unequal sepals (the 2 lateral ones large and petal-like, called wings), 3 petals united to each other and the stamen-tube (the middle one, or keel, hooded above and often crested or beaked), 6 to 8 stamens with filaments united below into a split sheath, 1-celled often cup-shaped anthers opening at apex, membranaceous 2-celled pods flattened contrary to the narrow partition and rounded and often notched above, and seeds with an excrescence (caruncle) at the hilum. * Leaves all narrowly linear or subulate: flowers white or greenish-white. 1. P. scoparia HBK., var. MULTICAULIS Gray. Theslender numerous steis fascicled from a woody base, much angled: leaves linear-subulate, thickish, rigid, pointed, 6 to 10 mm. long, and scarcely 1 mm. wide: flowers greenish-white, in lax spikes or racemes: wings obovate ; crest of four 2-parted thickish filiform processes which are simple or 2-lobed: caruncle uarrow, with 2 linear lobes, half the length of the cylin- drical hairy seed.—In the mountains near El Paso, and also reported as far east as Coryell County. 2: P. hemipterocarpa Gray. Stems erect, sparingly branched above, slender, striate-angled: leaves mostly erect, rather rigid, acute, 14 to 20 mm. long, or the lower cauline ones much shorter, hardly 1 mm. wide: flowers white, in rather dense racemes, with subulate-lanceolate very caducous bracts: wings and crest nearly as in the last: pod with one cell larger and appendaged with a crenulate double wing, dehiscent between the lamell~ and the valves outspread and forming a broad obcor- date wing abont the other indehiscent unappendaged cell: caruncle and hirsute seed as in the last.—A north Mexican species, but reported from rocky hills in extreme western Texas. 3. P. alba Nutt. Stems several from a hard rootstock: leaves narrowly linear, acute, 6 to 24 mm. long: flowers white, in long-pedunculate close racemes: wings oblong-obovate; crest small: lobes of the caruncle half as long as the oblong-obovate appressed-silky seed.—Sandy soil, throughout Texas; apparently the most common Polygala. 4. P. verticillata L. Slender and much-branched : leaves linear, acute, those of the stem whorled, of the branches scattered: flowers greenish- white (or barely tinged with purple), in a peduncled usually short and dense spike or raceme: wings round clawed : lobes of the caruncle half as long as the seed.—A common northern species of dry soils, and reported from Tom Green County, 27 ** Leaves lanceolate to oblong or ovate : lowers (80 far as known) not white, 5. P. puberula Gray. With short cinereous pubescence: stems erect from a woody base: leaves linear or lanceolate or the lowest oblong, mucronate, short-petioled : flowers “ purple,” pendulous in elongated loose racemes : wings broadly obovate and ¢iliolate ; no crest: pods oval, smooth, slightly ciliate on the margins: a somewhat lacerate or lobed scarious short bonnet-shaped caruncle capping the summit of the retrorsely-hairy seed.—In the mountains of extreme western Texas and reported as far east as Coleman County and the Leona River. 6, P. macradenia Gray. Low and shrubby, cinereous with soft pubescence, and thickly beset with leaves which are oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, nerveless, pellucid punctate with conspicuous glands, and but 4 to6mm. long: flowers solitary, extra-axillary, short-peduncled: no crest: pod ovate, cinereous and often dotted with glands: seed very villous and capped by a short pubescent caruncle.—On stony hills, reported from scattered stations throughout southern and western Texas. 7. P. ovalifolia DC. Soft pubescent, diffusely branching from a woody base: leaves thickish, broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, or acutish above, with revo- lute margins, 10 to 20 mm. long: flowers greenish-yellow, in short loose-flowered racemes: wings oblong, pubescent; the ample conspicuous keel with no crest: pod nearly round, with smooth face and conspicuously ciliate margins: caruncle short and bonnet-shaped.—Hills of southern and western Texas. 8. P. Lindheimeri Gray. Pubescent: stems branching, a little woody at base, from a long woody red root: leaves coriaccous, minutely pubescent but shining, con- spicuously reticulated on both surfaces, the lowest obovate, becoming ovate, oblong, or lanceolate above, 10 to 20 mm. long: racemes loosely flowered, with a zigzag rhachis and 3 small persistent bracts at each joint: keel with a conspicuous straight spur in place of a crest: pod elliptical, puberulent: carnncle 2 spurred, half as long as the sericeous seed.—Roecky hills and cliffs of southern and western Texas. 2. KRAMERIA Linn. Small shrubs or woody perennial herbs, silky-tomentose and often prostrate, with alternate and entire narrow leaves, solitary purplish flowers on axillary bracted peduncles, 5 more or less petal. like sepals, 5 unequal petals (3 upper iong-clawed and approximate, 2 lower short, sessile and tleshy), 4 stamens united below, 2-celled anthers dehiscing obliquely near the apex, and a globose coriaceous indehiscent spinose or muricate 1-seeded pod. 1. K. parvifolia Benth. A rigid diffusely branched shrub 3 to 6 dm. high, with silky appressed pubescence, the slender divaricate branchlets often spinose: leaves linear, 8 to 16 mm. long, the lower obtuse, the upper spiny-tipped : flowers 4 to 8 mm. long: peduncles with 2 or 3 pairs of leaf-like bracts: the ovate silky sepals pur- ple within: fruit with numerous very slender prickles retrorsely barbed their whole length, cordate-globose, 8 mm. long.—Common in southern and western Texas. 2, K. ramosissima Watson. Like the last: shrubby and divaricately much branched, canescent: leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 mm. long, often fascicled in the axils: flowers “light maroon”: fruit ovate, silky-pubescent, with slender very acute naked spines about 1mm. long. (K. parvifolia, var. ramosissima Gray.)—Common in southern and western Texas. 3. K. canescens Gray. Similar in habit to the two preceding species: pubescence short and tomentose: leaves lanceolate to linear: peduncles shorter, 2-bracted : sepals lancrolate, the smaller one linear: fruit ovate-globose, tipped with the stout curved style, and armed with slender prickles barbed at apex.—Common in ea and western Texas, and said to be particularly abundant in the “ Great Bend” of the 28 Rio Grande. “Called ‘chacate’ by the Mexicans, who use an infusion of the bark of the root to dye leather brownish-red ” (Havari). 4, K. secundiflora DC. A decumbent silky-villous herb only ligneous at base: leaves narrowly linear (or the lower cauline ones oblong-lanceolate or obovate-lanceo- late), about 18 mm. long, those of the branches usually longer: peduncles 2-bracted : sepals ovate-lanceolate, nearly equal: fruit armed with stout and straight retrorsely scabrous spines. (KX. lanceolata Torr.)—Common in southern and western Texas. FRANKENIACEZ. Low perennial herbs or undershrubs, with opposite entire leaves, no stipules, 4 or 5 sepals and petals, 6 stamens, a 2 to 4-clelt style, and oval or oblong seeds with parietal placentation. 1. FRANKENIA L. Leaves small, mostly crowded and also fascicled in the axils, flowers small, solitary aud white, calyx tubular or prismatic, petals clawed and bearing a crown, style 2 to 4-clelt into filiform divisions, and a 1-celled pod included in the persistent calyx. 1. F. Jamesii Torr. Much branched from a woody base, 15 to 25 em. high: leaves linear, strongly revolute on the margins, the fascicled ones shortcr: flowers sessile in the forks of the stem or becoming cymose-clustered on the branches: petals erose- denticulate at tip.—About the salt lakes of El Paso County. CARYOPHYLLEA. (PINK FamiIty.) Herbs (sometimes woody at base), with opposite entire leaves, per- sistent calyx, 4 or 5 petals (sometimes wanting), usually twice as many distinct stamens, 2 to 5 mostly distinct styles, and several to many seeds attached to the base or central axis of a 1-celled pod.—F lowers terminal or in the forks, or in cymes. “Sepals united into a 4 or 5-toothed or lobed calyx: petals with a crown and con- spicuous claw: stipules none: styles distinct.. 1. Silene. Styles 3: pod dehiscent at summit by 6 (rarely 3) short teeth. * * Sepals distinct to the base or nearly so: petals without crown or distinct claw. + Stipules none. 2. Cerastium. Petals emargirate or bifid: styles 5 (rarely 3c¢r 4): pod cylindric, dehiscent with twice as many equal teeth as styles. 3. Stellaria. Petals bifid: styles 3 (rarely 2,4,or 5): pod globose to oblong, with as many valves as styles: valves bifid or 2 parted. 4. Arenaria. Petals entire or wanting: styles 3 (rarely 2, 4, or 5): pod as in the last, except that the valves are sometimes entire. + + Stipules scarivus or setiform. 5. Tissa. Petals conspicuous: the distinct styles and valves of the pod 3: stipules scarious. 6. Leeflingia. Petals inconspicuons or minute: styles united below: sepals rigid and with a setiform tvotlh un each side: stipules setiform and rigid, adnate to cach margin. 29 1. SILENE L. (CaArcHFLY CAMPION.) Atnuals or perennials, with cylindrical 4 or 5-toothed calyx, 4 or 5 petals with narrow claws and a crown (2 scales at the base of each blade), 10 stamens, 3 styles, and a pod dehiscent by 6 (rarely 3) short teeth. I. S. antirrhina L. Glabrous annual, with a part of each joint viscid, erect, slender, 3 to 7.5 dim. high: leaves lanceolate or linear: flowers small, pink, in a naked dichotomous panicle, on long pedicels: petals obcordate, minutely appendaged, equaling the calyx: pod ovoid, very shortly stipitate, 6 to 8 mm. long.—Collected in western Texas and as far east as Gillespie and Bexar Counties; doubtless through- out the State. Known as “sleepy catchtly.” 2. S. laciniata Cav., var. GREGGII Watson. Pubescent perennial, erect, 3 to 4.5 dm. high: leaves oblong: lanceolate to ovate: flowers very large, bright scarlet, in a naked usually spreading panicle: petals deeply 4-cleft, the lateral lobes spreading and shorter: pod oblong, shortly stipitate.—On the summits and upper slopes of the mountains of extreme western Texas. 2. CERASTIUM L. (MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.) Mostly pubescent or hirsute low herbs, with white flowers in termi- nal leafy or scariously bracted dichotomous cymes, 5 sepals, 5 emargi- nate or bifid petals, 10 stamens, 5 (rarely 4 or 3) styles, and a cylindric often incurved many seeded pod, which is dehiscent by twice as many equal teeth as there are styles. 1. C. vulgatum L. Stems clammy-hairy and spreading: leaves oblong: upper bracts scarious-margined : flowers at first clustered: earlier fruiting pedicels mostly much longer than the obtuse sepals: petals equaling the calyx.—A very common and perhaps indigenous plant in the Atlantic States, and reported from Gillespie County. This is the species heretofore called C. viscosum L., the names of the two species having been transposed by mistake in the herbarium of Linnazus. 2. C. Texanum Britton. Stein slender, 15 to 20 cm. high, pilose, especially toward the base: leaves 2 to 4 pairs on the lower part of the stem, spatulate with an acute apex, sparingly pilose on both surfaces, 8 to 15 mm. long: flowers few, small, ter- minating the branches: petals slightly longer than the ovate acute sepals: teeth of the pod revolute.—‘‘ Hills, Blanco, March, April” (Wright). It is to be hoped that this plant, collected many years ayo by the Mexican Boundary Survey, will be redis- covered. , 3. STBLLARIA L. (CHICKWEED. STARWORT.) Low mostly diffuse herbs, with white solitary or cymose terminal (or becoming lateral) flowers, 4 or 5 sepals, 4 or 5 deeply 2-cleft petals, 10 stamens (or fewer), 3 styles (in ours), and an ovoid several to many- seeded pod, which is dehiscent to below the middle by twice as many valves as there are styles.—Ours are both annuals. 1. S. media Smith. (ComMoN CHICKWEED.) Stems spreading, flaccid, marked with one or two pubescent lines: leaves ovate or oblong, the lower ones on hairy petioles: petals shorter than the sepals: stamens 3 to 10.—A very common introduced plant, and reported from the San Antonio Vailey, though doubtless common enough elsewhere. 2. S. prostrata Baldw. Stems forking and prostrate, smooth or nearly so: leaves ovate, acute, all on slender petioles, the lower ones often cordate : petals twice as long as the sepals.—In shady places along streams throughout southern and western 30 Texas, from the Gulf to New Mexico. Blooming from early spring until late fall. Quite variable in size, some of the forms from the mountain region of western Texas being very small. 4 ARENARIA L. (SanDwonrt.) Low tufted herbs, with no stipules, white solitary or cymosely-pani- cled flowers, 4 or 5 sepals, 1 to 5 entire petals (or none), 10 stamens, 3 styles, and a globose or short-oblong few to many-seeded pod, which is dehiscent into 3 entire, 2-cleft, or 2-parted valves. * Leaves lanceolate or linear-oblong, cuspidate-acute, punctate under a lens, 1. A. alsinoides Willd. Downy: stems prostrate, elongated (becoming some- times several feet long), much branched: leaves lanceolate, attenuate at base: peduncles solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves, reflexeil in fruit: petals none or 1 to5, about equaling the sepals or shorter: seeds smooth. (A. diffusa Ell. A. lanuginosa Rohrb.)—A species of the South Atlantic States and Mexico, and reported from Gillespie county. Doubtless to be found quite widely distributed in Texas. Very variable, sometimes developing a diffuse dichotomous inflorescence. 2. A. Benthamii Fenzl. Nearly glabrous, branched from the base: stems slender, short, few-flowered: leaves linear-oblong, much shorter than the internodes, the lowest spatulate, attenuate at base: petals shorter than the sepals: seeds tubercu- late.—On rocky hills, central Texas, between the Brazos (just within our eastern limit) and the Rio Grande, ** Leaves small, rigid, awl-shaped or bristle shaped. 3. A. Michauxii Hook. f. Smooth, erect or usually diffusely spreading: leaves with many others clustered in the axils: cyme diffuse, naked, many-flowered: petals twice as long as the rigid, pointed, ovate, 3-ribbed sepals. (A. stricta Michx.).—A dry or rocky ground species of the Atlantic States and Mexico, and reported from Comanche’s Peak (Reverchon). 5. TISSA Adans. (SAND SPURREY.) Low herbs, mostly on or near the sea-coast, with filiform or linear somewhat fleshy leaves (smaller ones often clustered in the axils), scaly-membranaceous stipules, 5 sepals, 5 entire petals, 2 to 10 stamens, 3 styles, and a 3-valved pod.—A genus variously known as BUDA Adans., SPERGULARIA Presl, and LEPIGONUM Wahlb. Ours are fibrous-rooted annuals, The following is Dr. N. L. Britton’s prelimi- nary arrangement: * Species of the sea-beaches or salt-marshes: or borders of salt lakes: leaves very fleshy: petals pink. 1, T, marina Britton. Stout, erect or ascending, smooth or glandular-pubescent: leaves very fleshy, often much clustered in the axils: pedicels short: capsule 5 to 8mm. long at maturity: seeds smooth or rough.—Aloug the whole coast, and pre- sumably to be found along the Texan coast. ** Species of non-saline distribution. 2. T. diandra Britton. Glandular-pubescent, spreading or bushy branched from the base: stipules ovate, acute: peduncles leafless or nearly so: petals pink.—Gal- veston, and the Rio Brazos. 3. T. gracilis Britton. Plants small and delicate, 4 to 8 cm. high: petals none: pods 2 to 4 mm. long, slightly exceeding the calyx: seeds tuberculate.—Wet sands near Dallas. 31 6. L@FLINGIA L. Low rigid dichotomous annuals, with subulate leaves, adnate and connate setaceous stipules, small flowers sessile in the axils, 5 rigid keeled scarious-margined sepals (the 3 outer with a narrow tooth upon each side), very small petals or none, 3 to 5 stamens, and a 3-valved several-seeded pod. 1. L. squarrosa Nutt. Glandular-pubescent, much branched, the stems 5 to 15 cm. long: Jeaves and sepals subulate-setaceous, rigid and squarrose, the leaves 4 to 6 mm. long, exceeding the flowers: pod triangular, at length exserted.—Sandy road- sides near Austin, and doubtless westward through the State, PORTULACEH, (PURSLANE FAmILy.) More or less succulent herbs, with entire leaves (either opposite or alternate), 2 sepals, 2 to 5 or more petals, opposite stamens of the same number or numerous (in ours), 2 to 8-cleft styles, and a 1-celled pod with a free central placenta.—Stipules none, or scarious, or reduced to hairs, * Sepals united below and adherent to the ovary, the free upper portion at length deciduous. 1. Portulaca. Stamens 7 to 20: flowers solitary, red or yellow: pod opening by a lid. “* Sepals distinct, free from the ovary. 2. Talinopsis. Shrubby: sepals membranaceous and persistent: seeds hooked. 3. Talinum. Herbaceous: sepals herbaceous and deciduous (sometimes tardily so): seeds not hooked. 1. PORTULACA Tourn. (PURSLANE.) Fleshy diffuse or ascending annuals (a few perennial), with entire leaves, axillary or terminal ephemeral yellow or rose-colored flowers, 2 sepals coherent at base and adnate to the ovary, 4 to 6 petals, 7 to 20 stamens, a deeply 3 to 8-cleft style, and pod opening by a lid. * Leaves flat. 1. P. oleracea L. Prostrate, glabrous, purplish: stem terete: leaves obovate to spatulate, rounded at summit: sepals acute, keeled: petals yellow, 3 to 4 mm. long: stigmas 5: pod 6 to 10 mm. Jong: seeds black, dull, finely tuberculate.——The common purslane, naturalized from Europe, and abundant in the valleys of southern and western Texas. 2. P. retusa Engelm, Like the last, but greener and the stems more ascending, sometimes covering & space several feet in diameter: leaves usually smaller, retuse or emarginate: sepals obtuse, broadly keel-winged: petals yellow: stigmas 3 or 4: capsule 5 to 6 mm. long: seeds more strongly tuberculate.—Sandy soil, southern and western Texas. 3. P. lanceolata Engelm. Suberect, glabrous, stem angled: upper leaves lanceo- late and acute, lower ones spatulate and obtuse: sepals scarcely keeled: petals red or yellow or both: stigmas 3 to 6: pod with a broad wing: seeds echinate-tubercu- late.—Sandy soil, southern and western Texas. * * Leaves terete. iformi i rannial by creeping tuberous-thickened and 4. P. stelliformis Mog. & Sess. Perennia sometimes moniliform rootstocks: leaves 2.5 cm. long, those about the flower clus- 32 ter radiating and much surpassing it: axillary clusters of hairs short and soft: petals copper-colored or buff: seeds blackish, granulate-tuberculate, with metallic luster.—Plains of western Texas. ; 5. P. pilosa L. Annual, the base often hardening with age: leaves linear-subu- late, 6 to 12 mm. long, with copious axillary hairs: p: tals carmine, crimson, or pur- ple, 2 to 4 mm. long: seeds blackish, muriculate-granulose, with metallic luster.— Throughout Texas, and by far the commonest species, | 6. P. parvula Gray. Annual, but someti:wes fleshy-rooted, depressed and diffuse: leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, 4 to 10 mm. long, with copious axillary hairs: petals yellow and copper-colored, barely 2 mm. long: seeds pale red, minutely granulate.— Plains of western Texas, where it has been mistaken for P. pilosa. 2. TALINOPSIS Gray. Shrubby and smooth, with slender branches, fleshy linear nearly terete leaves, a few-flowered terminal cyme of purple flowers, 2 ovate membranaceous persistent sepals, 5 petals, numerous stamens, a short 3-cleft style, a fusiform 3-valved pod, and numerous hooked seeds. 1. T. frutescens Gray. About 6 dm. high, smooth except the minute axillary hairs: leaves 12 to 24 mm. long, scarcely 2 mm. wide: cyme few-flowered, with short angled articulated branches: flowers closely sessile in the forks and readily falling away in dried specimens: pod nearly 24 mm. long, covered except the tapering sum- mit by the persistent (becoming) scarious calyx.—-Bluffs and high mesas along or near the Rio Grande to New Mexico. 3. TALINUM Adans. Low glabrous herbs (sometimes suffrutescent), with mostly fleshy leaves, 2 herbaceous ovate concave deciduous sepals, 5 ephemeral petals, 5 to 30 stamens, a 3-lobed style, and a subglobose 3-valved pod with numerous shining carunculate seeds. * Leafy plants with flat leaves and flowers in an ample panicle. 1. T. patens Willd. Stem slender, erect: leaves oblanceolate-spatulate, shortly cuspidate, 5 to 7.5 cm. long: flowers rose-colored or yellow: bracts small, ovate and cuspidate: seeds tuberculate. (T. refleaum Cav. T. spathulatum Engelm.)—Rocky banks, hillsides, or dry prairies, along or near the Rio Grande trom the 100th meridian westward. Var. SARMENTOSUM Gray (T. sarmentosum Eng.) isa procumbent form apparently more common than the species. ** Leafy plants with flattish leaves and solitary axillary flowers. 2. T. lineare HBK. Stem ascending, much branched: leaves lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long: peduncles reflexed in fruit: flowers orange to red: seeds beautifully marked with curved ridges and transverse stria. (T. aurantiacum Engelm.)—On rocky soil or prairies, abundant everywhere west of the Pecos and ae through southern Texas to the Gulf. The tuberous root is edible when cooked. ‘ ** * Flowers in mostly naked cymes on terminal slender naked peduncles much surpassing the terete linear leaves. 3. T. calycinum Engelm. Stems at length branching: leaves elongated, 3.5 to 5 em. long: flowers 20 to 30 mm. in diameter: sepals ovate-orbicular, cuspidate tardily deciduous: petals pink, twice as long as the calyx : stamens 30 or more: abyts twice longer than the stamens, declined.—In sandy soil, western Texas (Gillespie County and northward). 33 4. T. parviflorum Nutt. Resembling the last, but s.naller, the leaves narrower, flowers smaller and paler, and stamens only 5.—In rocky places throughout southern Texas, but more abundant in the extreme west. TAMARISCINEE. (TAMARISC FAMILY.) A small Old World family of trees and shrubs, with alternate small (sometimes scale-like) leaves, 3 to 5 distinct styles, free uvary, aud comose or long- hairy seeds. 1. Fouquiera. Petals united into a tube: seeds surrounded by a dense fringe of long white hairs or a membranous wing: flowers showy, in terminal spikes or panicles. 2. Tamarix. Petals free (or nearly so): seeds comose at apex: flowers racemose or spicate. 1. FOUQUIERA HBK. (CaNnDLEWOOD.) Smooth shrubs or small trees, with soft fragile wood, alternately spinose-tubercled branches with single or fascicled thick entire leaves in the axils, and brilliant crimson flowers. 1. F.splendens fngelm. Branching near the base and sending up simple slender spiny stems 3 to 8 m. or more high, leafy only near the summit, strongly grooved and ridged by the decurrent bases of the spines: leaves spatulate to obovate, 12 to 24 mm.long: flowers on short pedicels in narrow nearly simple racemes 5 to 15 cm, long.—Common on rocky mesas from the Colorado to the Pecos and westward. “A most remarkable looking plant, usually standing out on open sun-exposed slopes, with its strict striated almost leafless stems crowned by a mass of beautiful scarlet flowers” (Rothrock). Known as ‘“Jacob’s staff” or ‘‘ ocotillo.” 2. TAMARIX L. (TamaRisc.) Shrubs with slender branches covered with small green scale-like leaves, and smail flowers in terminal spikes or racemes. 1. T. Gallica L. A beautiful shrub 9 to 18 dm. high, with slender crect or slightly pendulous branches, numerous scale-like pointed leaves scarcely 2 mm. long, and very small pink or white flowers crowded in spikes, forming frequently brauching . terminal panicles, the petals persisting till the fruit ripens—A common European Mediterranean shrub, which seems to have escaped from cultivation in many places in Texas. ELATINEZ. Low annuals, with membranous stipules between the opposite leaves, regular and symmetrical axillary flowers, distinct styles with capitate stigmas, and a 2 to 5-celled many-seeded pod. 1. BERGIA L. Branching and often pubescent, nearly erect, with entire or serrate leaves, fascicled or solitary 5-merous flowers, and a globose capsule. 1. B. Texana Seubert. Leaves oblanceolate, acute, serrulate, 12 to 36 mm. long, attennate to a short petiole: flowers tascicled, shortly pediceled : sepals keeled, about 3 mm. long, exceeding the petals and stamens: seeds smooth and shining.—Southern and western Texas. 34 HYPERICINER. (St. JOHN’S-WORT FaMILy.) Herbs or shrubs, with opposite entire dotted leaves, no stipules, regular yellow flowers, many or few stamens, persistent styles distinct or united, and a 1 to several-celled pod with numerous small seeds. 1. Ascyrum. Sepals 4, very unequal, the 2 outer very broad and flat, the inner much smaller: petals 4. 2. Hypericum. Sepals 5, similar: petals 5. 1. ASCYRUM L. (St. PETER’s-wort.) Low suffruticose leafy plants, with small black-dotted leaves, nearly solitary flowers, bibracteolate pedicels, 4 unequal sepals, numerous dis- tiuct stamens, 2 to 4 styles distinct or united below, and an ovoid 1-celled capsule. 1. A. hypericoides L. Diffuse, branching above, 3 to6 dm. high: leaves linear to linear-oblong, narrowed at base, 6 to 20 mm. long, conspicuously biglandular at base: pedicels bibracteolate close to the flower: inner sepals very small (or obsolete) and petaloid.—A species of the Gulf States and extending through Texas into Mexico. This is the 4. Crux-Andree of many southern authors. 2. A. stans Michx. Erect, stouter, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves oblong to oval, closely sessile and somewhat clasping, 2.5 to5 cm. long: pedicels bibracteolate near the middle: inner sepals 6 to 12 mm. long, sometimes as long as the outer, seldom peta- loid.—A sandy ground species of the Atlantic and Gulf States, and extending to western Texas. The lower leaves sometimes become tapering at base and almost obovate. 2. HYPERICUM Tourn. (St. JoHN’s- wort.) Herbs or shrubs, with cymose yellow flowers, 5 somewhat equal sepals, stamens usually numerous and united at base into 3 or 5 clus- ters, and a 1 to 5-celled pod.—Several species of Hypericum belong to the Gulf States and extend into eastern Texas. The following have either been found within our range or are likely to occur there, and all have 3 distinct styles with capitate stigmas: * Styles long: pod3.celled :, petals much longer than the sepals: whole plant (including petals and anthers) more or less black-dotted. 1. H. perforatum L. Much branched, 3 to 12 dm. high: leaves linear to oblong obtuse, with pellucid dots, 12 to 25mm. long: flowers numerous in loose cymes, about 2.5 cm. in diameter: sepals linear-lanceolate, very acute or acuminate: petals bright yellow, black-dotted along the margin: pod conical-ovate, 4 to 6 mm. long.—A com- mon and pestiferous introduced weed, reported from Wilson County, and doubtless in many other places in Texas. 2. H. formosum HBK,, var. ScouLERI Coulter. From running rootstocks, simple or branching, 1 to 5 cm. high: leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, more or less clasping, about 2.5 cm. long (those of the branchlets much smaller), usually black-dotted along the margin of the under surface : flowers in loose cymes: sepals lanceolate to ovate obtuse or acute: petals bright yellow often tinged with purple and with afew blask dots along the margin: pod 3-lobed, 6 to8 mm. long.—Throughout all the western mountain systems, and merging into the species in Mexico, so that it must occur in the mountaius of western Texas, either as the variety or as the Mexican species H. formosum, which may be known by its acuminate sepals, 35 ** Styles short: pod 1-celled: petals shorter than the sepals. 3. H. mutilum L. Often somewhat erect and diffuse: leaves uarrowly oblong to somewhat ovate, obtuse, clasping, 12 to 25 mm. long, 5-nerved at base: flowers very small, in very loose leafy cymes: sepals linear to lanceolate, usually shorter than the ovate pod which is but 2 to 4 mm. long: stamens 6 to 12.—Extends from the Atlantic and Gulf States into eastern Texas and adjacent Mexico. Reported as far west as San Saba County. 4. H. gymnanthum Engelm. & Gray. Almost simple, with strict stem and branches, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves clasping, heart-shaped, acute or obtuse : cyme naked, the floral leaves reduced to small awl-shaped bracts.—Reaching Texas from the north and east and probably within our range. MALVACER. (MALLOW FAMILY.) Herbs or shrubs, with alternate stipulate mostly palmate leaves, 5 persistent sepals united at base and often involucellate with a whorl of bractlets, 5 petals, numerous stamens monadelphous in a column, 1-celled kidney-shaped anthers, more or less united styles, and pistil either a ring of ovaries around a projection of the receptacle or a 3 to 10-celled ovary becoming a pod.—The cultivated cotton-plant (Gossy- pium herbaceum L.) belongs to this family. I. Stamen-column bearing anthers at summit: carpels closély united into a ring around the axis from which they separate after ripening, and just as many as the styles (5 to 20 or more). * Styles stigmatic on the inner side: carpels indehiscent: ovules solitary. . Malva. Bractlets 3: petals obcordate: carpels numerous, rounded, beakless. . Callirhoé. Bractlets1to3ornone: petals truncate: carpels numerous, beaked. . Sidalcea. Bractlets none: filaments in a double series: carpels fewer (5 to 9). one ** Stigmas capitate: carpels mostly dehiscent, 1 to few-ovuled. + Seeds kiduey-shaped. 4, Malvastrum. Bractlets 3 or none: seed solitary, filling the cell. 5. Spheralcea. Bractlets 3: cells 2 or 3-seeded, or when 1-sceded with an empty terminal portion. + + Seeds turgid: bractlets mostly none. ++ Carpels 1-ovuled. 6. Sida. Carpels 5 to 15, erect, with conniving or erect tips or points. 7. Anoda. Carpels numerous, united into a depressed star-shaped pod. ++ + Carpels 2 or more-ovuled. 8. Abutilon. Carpels 3 to 9-ovuled, naked within. 9. Wissadula. Carpels 2 to 5-ovuled, with a transverse plate or ridge within. IL. Stamen-column more or less anther-bearing along the side: carpels 5, in a ring around the axis, 1-ovuled: styles just twice as many. 10. Malachra. Proper bractlets none, but flowers in an involucrate head: carpels ripening ary. li. Pavonia. Bractlets 5 to 15: flowers not capitate: carpels ripening dry. 12, Malvaviscus. Bractlets 7 to 12: carpels ripening fleshy, connate into a berry. III. Stamen-column anther-bearing for a considerable part of its length: fruit a few- celled loculicidal many-seeded pod. 13, Hibiscus. Bractlets 5 to many, distinct: style-branches at length spreading: pod 5-celled. +2 ; 14, Fugosia. Bractlets 3 to many : style club-shaped, undivided, or with short erect branches: pod 3 or 4-celled. 36 1 MALVA L. (MALLOW.) Herbs, with rounded and mostly lobed leaves, axillary fascicled flow- ers, a 3-bracted calyx, obcordate petals, numerous styles stigmatic down the inner side, and a depressed fruit separating at maturity into as many 1-seeded indehiscent round kidney-shaped blunt carpels as there are styles. 1. M. borealis Wallm. Annual, erect or somewhat decumbent, hairy or nearly glabrous: leaves round-cordate, crenate, more or less strongly 5 to7-lobed: ped uncles (solitary or clustered) 2 to 6 mm. long: calyx-lobes becomiug very broad and en- larged in fruit: petals 4 to 6 mm. long, whitish: carpels transversely reticulate- rugose.—Au Old World plant, apparently uaturalized throughout the southern bor- der of Texas. 2. M. rotundifolia L. (COMMON MALLOw.) Stems procumbent from a biennial root: leaves round-cordate, on very long petioles, crenate, obseurely lobed: peduncles elongated and flowers larger: petals twice as long as calyx, whitish: carpels pubes- cent, even.—The most common introduced mallow of the Atlantic States and reported from Gillespie County. Doubtless abundant enough throughout eastern Texas. 3. M. sylvestris L. Biennial: stem erect and branched, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves sharply 5 to 7-lobed: petals thrice the length of the calyx, large, purple and rose- color: carpels wrinkled-veiny.—Introduced from Europe, usually along waysides, and reported from Gillespie County. 2. CALLIRHOE Nutt. Herbs, with mostly lobed or divided leaves, showy axillary or racemed flowers, a 3-bracted or naked calyx, wedge shaped and truncate petals, styles as in Malva, and 10 to 20 straightish beaked carpels (indehiscent or partly 2-valved). * Involucel of 3 bractlets. 1. C. involucrata Gray. Hirsute or hispid, procumbent: leaves rounded, 5 to 7- parted or -cleft, the segments incisely lobed: peduncles elongated, 1-flowered: the lanceolate 3 to 5-nerved sepals twice as long as the involucel: petals red or purplish: carpels rugose-reticulated.—Common in river valleys west of the Colorado. Var. PAL- mata Britton has 3 to 5-parted leaves and mostly white flowers. (C. palmata Buek- ley.) ‘Tom Green County (Tweedy). 2. C. lineariloba Gray. Resembling the last, of which it has been considered a variety: but little hirsute, sometimes glabrous: stems ascending: leaves once or twice pedately parted, segments or lobes linear or lanceolate: involucral leaves smaller and erect: carpels smoothish.—A Mexican species, found in the adjacent southeastern counties of Texas. * * Involucel none. 3. C. alczeoides Gray. Strigose-pubescent: stems slender, 3 dm. high, erect from a perennial root: lower leaves triangular-cordate, incised, the upper 5 to 7-parted, laciniate, the uppermost divided into linear segments: flowers rose-color to white, corymbose, on slender peduncles: carpels strongly rugose.—A gravelly soil species of the southwest, and reported from Gillespie County. 4, C. digitata Nutt. Sparsely hirsute or glabrous, erect: leaves few, round-cor- date, 5 to 7-parted, the cauline commonly with linear divisions: peduncles subrace- mose, long and filiform: flowers red-purple to white: carpels pilose on the back and rugose reticulated.—Common on the prairies and in the valleys. = 5. C. pedata Gray. Closely resembling the last species, but more leafy, with a smaller head of fruit, and smooth carpels with a very large and thick beak.—A very abundant prairie mallow, with showy cherry-red flowers. 37 3. SIDALCEA Gray. Herbs, with rounded and mostly lobed or parted leaves, usually pur- ple flowers in a narrow terminal spike or raceme, naked calyx, a double column of stamens, styles as in Malva, and 5 to 9 1-seeded indehiscent beakless carpels. 1. S. Neo-Mexicana Gray. Stems slender, 3 to 9 dm. high, pubescent or glabrous, at first simple, soon producing axillary flowering branches: radical leaves orbicular, 5 to 9-lobed or incisely crenate, lower stem leaves deeply 7 to 9-parted, upper 3 to 5- parted, segments 3-lobed or those of the uppermost leaves entire: racemes many- flowered, with strict pedicels longer than the hirsute calyx, which has deltoid-ovate lobes: petals lilac, about 12 mm. long: carpels smooth and glabrous.—In the moun- tains of western Texas. The S. malveftora of inmost authors, from which species, how- ever, it is distinct. 4. MALVASTRUM Gray. Herbaceous tufted perennials or shrubby, with flowers in narrow naked or leafy subpaniculate racemes, a 1 to 3-bracted or naked cal yx, capitate stigmas, and 5 or more usually dehiscent carpels which are completely filled by the solitary seed. * Flowers yellow: calyx with 3 bractlets. 1. M. tricuspidatum Gray. Suffrutescent and strigose-pubescent: leaves ovate- lanceolate or (below) deltoid-ovate, sometimes narrower and more oblong, serrate, acute, petioled: flowers in leafy spicate racemes or fascicled in the axils: bractlets linear: fruit depressed, of 10 or more reniform carpels with very deep sinus and tri- cuspidate (2 short cusps on the back and a much longer apical one).—Throughout southern and western Texas (sonth and west of the Colorado). 2. M. spicatum Gray. Snuffrutescent, subcanescent with close and minute stellu- lar pubescence (but no striguse pubescence on the stems): leaves deltoid or ovate, erenate-serrate above the base, petioled: flowers in oblong spikes, or the axillary ones reduced: bractlets lanveulate: carpels like the last, but with no cusps.—A Mex- ican species, but collected near Brazos Santiago. 3. M. Wrightii Gray. Stems rigid from a more or less woody base, cinereous with lepidote-stellular pubescence : leaves oblong-ovate, dentate, obtuse, rounded or trun- cate at base, petioled: the foliaceous bracted flowers solitary and subsessile in the upper axils, and with rather large deep yellow petals: carpels coriaceous, smooth, hirsute at top where they are dorsally bigibbous and ventrally subulate-pointed.— In southeast Texas, south of the Colorado. * * Flowers brick-red or copper-red: carpels pointless. 4. M. leptophyllum Gray. Whole plant silvery canescent with a fine close lepi- dote (peltate scales) pubescence: atems slender, numerous from a woody base: lower leaves 3-parted and petioled, their segments and the sessile upper leaves narrowly linear or filiform: flowers few, racemose, brick-red: calyx with 2 or 3 setaceous cadu- cous bractlets: fruit depressed, of 9 or 10 tomentulose reniform beakless and pointless carpels coarsely reticulated on the sides.—South western Texas. 5. M. coccineum Gray. Herbaceous and low: both herbage and calyx canescent with close and fine almost scurfy stellular pubescence: leaves 5-parted or pedate: flowers in short spikes or racemes, with copper-red petals: carpels 10 or more, tomen- tulose pubescent, rngose-reticulated, tardily and incom pletely dehiscent.—In gravelly soil throughout western Texas, and extending duwn the Rio Grande. 38 5. SPHRALCEA St. Hilaire. Differing from Malvastrum only in the carpels being 2 or 3-seeded, or when 1-seeded with an empty terminal portion. “ Carpels 1 or 2-ovuled, upper ovule (when present) abortive, more or less reniform at ma- turity, deciduous directly from axis (no retaining thread). + Leaves allor mainly palmately parted: carpels very blunt: species greatly resembling Malvastrum coccineum. 1. S. pedatifida Gray. Low and suffruticose, slender and diffusely branching, 1 to 2.5 cm. high: leaves deeply 3 to 5 lobed or divided, sparsely stellate-hirsute, seg- ments more or less mucronate-lobed and incised, often almost pinnatifid: flowers axillary and loosely racemose or in strict naked racemes: petals ‘‘ between a buff and a brick-color”: carpels blunt and with no tubercles, 1 or 2-seeded ( Malvastrum pedatifidum Grgy).—Dry soil, all along the southern border of Texas. 2. S. pedata Torr. Resembling the last, but tall, 6 dm. high: leaves very vari- able in the degree of dissection: flowers large, petals often 18 mm. long, more orange- ‘red: carpels always 1-seeded.— Western Texas, Forms with very narrow leaf-divis- ions are var. ANGUSTILOBA Gray. + + Leaves undivided, mostly cordate (occasionally obtusely lobed). 3. S. ambigua Gray. Canescent throughout with short and close stellate pubes- cence (no loose woolliness): leaves ovate-cordate, merely crenulate-toothed: petals rose-color varying to white, 12 to 25 mm. long: fruit depressed, of wholly pointless carpels, surpassed by the acute or acuminate calyx-lobes. (S. Emoryi of many authors, but not of Torr.)—Abundant over the arid plains of Arizona, and found recently in Duval County. It should be found in arid places west to New Mexico. 4. S. Lindheimeri Gray. Densely pannose-tomentose and calyx very woolly, decuinbent at base: leaves cordate or more rounded, coarsely crenate: petals rose- red: ovules 2or 3 in each cell: carpels when mature much constricted in the middle, surpassed by the acuminate calyx-lobes.—On the Guadalupe River and southward into Mexico. . + ++ Leaves undivided, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, rarely subhastately 3-lobed. 5. S. hastulata Gray. Low: pubescence close and canescent: Jeaves oblong-lan- ceolate, coarsely and irregularly toothed or sinuate: petals orange red: carpels ovate, dceply reniform, tipped with a small and deciduous cusp, often 2-seeded.—Prairies throaghout southern and western Texas. 6. S. subhastata Coulter. Low, 7.5 to 25 cm. high, fruticose and branching, cov- ered throughout with coarse almost scurfy stellate pubescence: leaves shorter, ovate to oblong, mostly obtuse and subbastate, more or less serrate: flowers mostly soli- tary and axillary, on very short pedicels: petals purplish: carpels densely stellate- pubescent, without cusp or point.—In southwestern Texas and adjacent New Mexico and Mexico, ** Carpels 2 or 3-ovuled (1 to 3-seeded), mostly oblong, when separating from the axis cohering by a thread. + Leaves lanceolate to linear, not lobed. 7. S. angustifolia Spach, var. cuspipaTa Gray. Stems branching, 3 to 6 dm. high: densely clothed with a grayish stellate pubescence: leaves rugose, serrate: petals red: carpels tipped with an erect sometimes persistent cusp.—Western Texas. + + Leaves of oblong or roundish outline, often cordate, mostly 3 to 5-lobed, sometimes dissected. ‘ 8. S. Fendleri Gray. Herbaceous, much-branched, subcinereous with minute stel- late-pubescence: leaves generally green or greenish, or only lower face canescent. ovate-oblong or subhastate, incised or lobed (but not dissected): flowere small, soli- 39 tary or fascicled in the axils, the upper Sspicate-racemose: carpels prominently cuspi- date.—Mountains of extreme western Texas. 9. S. incana Torr. Sufiruticose, 6 to 9 dm. high, white-velvety throughout with minute appressed pubescence: leaves ovate, obtusely 3-lobed and crenulate, some- times subcordate: flowers small, axillary-fascicled and racemose paniculate: carpels cuspidate.—In extreme southwestern Texas and adjacent New Mexico and Mexico. A form with small deeply 3 to 5-cleft or parted leaves, the divisions and lobes com- monly narrow, is var. DISsHCTA Gray. 6. SIDA L. Plants with yellow or whitish flowers, mostly naked calyx, capitate stigmas, and 5 to 15 erect 1-ovuled carpels with conniving or erect tips or points and turgid seeds. “Calyx with 1 to 3 setaceous bractlets. 1. S. hederacea Torr. Spreading and branching, 3 to 6 dm. high, covered with a close scurfy stellate pubescence: leaves thick, ovate, mostly obtuse, more or less dentate, very oblique at base: flowers solitary and axillary, mostly on short lateral branchlets: calyx stellate-pubescent, doeply cleft, about half as long as the petals, which are parti-colored, half (the exposed part in bud) purplish and with stellate hairs, the other yellowish and glabrous: carpels with 2 more or less prominent dorsal cusps and reticulated sides.—Abuudant in dry valleys and hillsides of western Texas. i 2. S. lepidota Gray. Lower, silvery with close lepidote scurf (instead of loose stellate pubescence): leaves triangular-cordate or lanceolate and hastate, oblique at base, laciniate dentate or entire towards the apex: flowers smaller, with light yellow or red petals but little longer than the calyx: carpels apiculate with a very short obtuse beak.—Sandy ground, in the valleys of western Texas. 3. S. cuneifolia Gray. Much Lranching and procumbent, white tomentose: leaves small, round-cuneiforim, crenate-dentate or repand, about 12 mm. broad and long: flowers small, solitary or clustered in the axils, sometimes scarcely exceeding the petioles: petals yellow, twice the length of the calyx: carpels ovate, pubescent, membranaceous and turgid, short-beaked, with globose seeds.—‘ In subsaline soil,”’ along the Rio Grande in Maverick County. **Calyx naked, not enlarging in fruit. + Sessile or short-peduncled flowers mainly ai summit of low stems or branches and invol- ucrate by petioled leaves: petals reddish-purple. 4. S. ciliaris L., var. FaScICcULATA Gray. Stems low, branching from the base, somewhat hairy: leaves linear, denticulate-serrate above, cordate at base, those at summit crowded, nearly glabrous above, stellate-hirsute beneath: carpels 5 to 7, scarcely beaked, strongly reticulate and wuricate. (S. fasciculata Torr. & Gray.)— Southeastern Texas, suuth of the Colorado. + + Flowers not involucrate, either solitary or clustered in most of the axils, or barely paniculate at summit: calyx 5-angled and petals mostly yellow. ++ Stems diffuscly decumbent and filiform : petioles and peduncles long and slender: leaves somewhat cordate, small. 5. S. diffusa HBK. Stems very slender and hispid: leaves ovate-oblong, cordate at base, serrate, 10 to’ 14 mm. long: carpels 5, pubescent, 2-beaked. (8S. filiformis Moric. S&S. fiilicaulis Torr. & Gray )—Valleys aud prairies of southern and western ‘Texas. 40 + ++ Stems erect: leaves mainly linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse at both ends and short- petioled or sessile. 6. S. Neo-Mexicana Gray. Minutely puberulent, not cinereo us, 1 to 3 dm. high: diffusely many-stemmed from a woody base: peduncles not articulated, all short or very short: petals orange-yellow often changing to red: carpels without beak or cusps, or barely mucronulate. (S. Zlliottii, var.? Gray.)—Extreme western Texas and adjacent New Mexico and Mexico. 7. S. Lindheimeri Engelm. & Gray. Cinereous-puberulent, at least the lower leaf-surface: slender peduncles about equaling the leaves, articulated above the middle: petals yellow: carpels bicuspidate.—Southern and eastern Texas, from the Rio Grande to the Colorado and Louisiana. 8. S. longipes Gray. Somewhat scabrous-pubescent: peduncles very long and strict, becoming 7.5 to 15 cm. long, 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves, articulated alictle below the summit: petals orange: carpels without beak or cusp.—All along the southern border of Texas. Discovered many years ago in southwestern Texas, its range has been recently extended eastward by its discovery in Duval County. ++ +Calyzx not at all angled: flowers long-peduncled and petals violet. 9. S. filipes Gray. Canescent, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves lanceolate, cordate at base, dentate-serrate, velvety-pubescent above, tomentose beneath: peduncles long and slender, 5 to 7.5 em. long, a little longer than the leaves, articulated near the small pendulous flower: carpels reticulate-rugose and without beak or cusp.—Hills, be- tween the Colorado and the Pecos. ** * Calyx naked, enlarging much around or under the fruit, membranaceous or scarious, 10. S. physocalyx Gray. Stems numerous from a thick hbase, decumbent, strigose: leaves thickish, ovate-oblong, crenate-dentate, subcordate at base: calyx 5-parted, membranaceous-inflated, winged, with broadly ovate or cordate divisions: corolla inconspicuous, yellow: carpels 10, thin-walled, reticulated, and with a beak-like apex.—Abundant in the valleys and prairies of southern and western Texas. 7. ANODA Cav. Similar to Sida, except that the carpels are combined into a radiate- spreading fruit, subtended by the spreading persistent calyx. 1. A. hastata Cav. Commonly with some hispid (but no stellate) pubescence: leaves hastate or deltoid: peduncles slender and axillary, exceeding the leaves: petals violet or purple (varying to white), 6 to 12 mm. long: the much depressed fruic mostly surpassed by the widely spreading calyx, the top beset by scattered sim- ple bristles; carpels 15 to 20, rather conspicuously beaked: seeds naked (including A. cristata Schlecht).—A Mexican species found in the mountains of extreme south- western Texas. 2. A. Wrightii Gray. Pubescence minute and stellate, with some simple soft- hirsute hairs above, viscidulous: lowest leaves ovate and coarsely crenate, the others oblong- ovate or triangular-lanceolate: peduncles exceeding the leaves, upper flowers naked-racemose: calyx shorter-lobed, less widely spreading, and hardly surpassing the densely and stellately hirsute much depressed fruit: petals yellow, about 10 mm. long: carpels 8 to 10, beaked: seeds barely puberulent (wrongly referred to 4. par- ee Cav.).—Dry ravines and rocky places along the upper Rio Grande and the impia. : 3. A. pentaschista Gray. Slender, 3 to 6 dm. high, minutely puberulent and more or less ciuereous with stellate-pubescence: lower leaves ovate or subcordate somewhat 3-lobed: upper hastate or lanceolate, uppermost linear: calyx 4 mm. iene, ascending or appressed to and seldom surpassing the little depressed puberulent fruit, little shorter than the yellow corolla: carpels 5 (rarely 6 to 10), obscurely beakeds 41 seeds puberulent.—In the mountains of southwestern Texas. In many cases the leaf variation in passing up the stem is very great: the lower leaves may be triangular and as much as 5 om. long; others are 3-lobed, becoming narrower and hastate upwards, finally narrowing to linear. 8. ABUTILON Tourn. (INDIAN MALLOW.) Herbs or shrubs, often tomentose or velvety, with mostly cordate leaves, naked calyx, yellow flowers, and carpels with 2 to 9 ovules and naked (unappendaged) within.—A large and difficult tropical genus, represented in Texas by several Mexican species which are, as yet, in considerable confusion, in consequence of which the following specific descriptions aro made fuller than usual and with no attempt at an analytic key. 1, A. Jacquini Don. Herbaceous, stems 6 to 12 dm. high, branching, white-tomen- tose: leaves deeply cordate at base, elongated-ovate and gradually acuminate or cor- date-lanceolate, erose-serrate, very soft white tomentose beneath, scabrous-pubescent or somewhat velvety above, 5 to 7.5 cm. long: axillary peduncles mostly 1-flowered and exceeding the petioles: calyx white-tomentose, 5-parted and angled, of seem- ingly cordate acuminate sepals about equaling the yellow petals and the numerous subulately erect-awned and villous-hirsute carpels which are over 12 mm. long. (A. hypoleucum Gray.)—A Mexican species found in adjacent Texas as far as the Pecos. Reported from near New Braunfels. 2. A. Wrightii Gray. Herbaceous, with stems 3 to 6 dm. long, decumbent, branch- ing, viscid-pubescent and villous with fine spreading hairs: leaves ovate-cordate, obtusish, sharply dentate above, 8 to 36 mm. long, greenish and scabrous velvety above, very soft white-tomentose beneath: axillary peduncles mostly 1-flowered, egualing the petioles, or the upper ones exceeding the leaves: calyx tomentose, 5- parted, with very acuminate divisious about equaling the golden corolla and the tomentulose subulate-beaked carpels, which are 12 mm. long.—Throughout southern and especially western Texas. 3. A. Berlandieri Gray. Rather stout and branching (balf woody) perernials, covered throughout with coarse stellate pubescence: leaves cordate-ovate (with shal- low sinus), long-acuminate, dentate, the blade often over 10 em. long, longer than the petioles, greener above: peduncles axillary, often several-flowered, much shorter than the leaves: calyx hoary with a close and coarse stellate pubescence, its lobes broadly ovate and acuminate: corolla yellow or orange, 6 to 10 mm. long, a little shorter than the calyx: carpels about 9, acuminate, coarsely stellate pubescent, about 12 mm. long.—A Mexican species, collected in Texas from Nueces to Webb County and southward. 4. A. Nealleyi Coulter. Stem slender and erect, 6 to 12 dm. high, soft puberulent above, becoming glabrous below: leaves broadly cordate, long acuminate, entire or slightly crenate, green and soft puberulent (becoming glabrous) above, white with fine dense stellate pubescence beneath, 6 to 10 cm. long, smaller above, on long peti- oles: flowers in loose, few-flowered, long-peduncled, upper-axillary and terminal panicles, very small, not more than 4 mm. high: calyx stellate-pubescent, the ovate acute lobes about half as long as the yellow or orange petals and very much shorter than the carpels, which are 5, puberulent, with a short acuminate beak, becoming 6 to 8 mm. long, 2 or 3 seeded: seeds usually with a tuft of white hairs.—Hidalgo County. A large-leaved, rather naked-paniculate and small-flowered species, related to a small Mexican group. 5, A. malacum Watson. Tall, suffrutescent and branching, very finely and closely velvety pubescent throughout: leaves cordate, acute, acutely and some what un- equally dentate, 3.5 to 10 cm. long and broad, about equaling the petiole: panicles 2816—02 ed 42 axillary and terminal: calyx-lohes lanceolate, 6 to 8 mm. long, half as long as the orange petals: carpels 5, acutish, coarsely stellate-pubescent, equaling the erect calyx.—Collected in southern Texas from Wilson County to E! Paso. 6. A.incanum Don. Herbaceous, more or less branched above, 3 to 6 dm. high, minutely tomentose: leaves cordate or cordate-ovate, acute or acuminate, softly pubescent, irregularly serrate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long: peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, somewhat racemose at the upper purtof the branches: calyx-lobes ovate, acuminate, usually reflexed in fruit, not half as long as the orange or pinkish petals, which are 6to 8mm. long: carpels 8, pubescent, oktuse or acute and pointless. (A. Texensis Torr. & Gray.)—Common throughout southern and western Texas. Very variable as to the size of the leaves. 7. A.parvulum Gray. Stems slender and spreading or trailing, from a woody root, paniculate above: cinereous-tomentose with a lax minute pubescence, and branchlets pilose with spreading hairs: leaves small, 12 to 25 mm. broad, cordate and dentate, sometimes 3-lobed, usually obtuse: peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves: calyx-lobes ovate, acuminate, reflexed in fruit, shorter than the pinkish or red petals which are about 4 mm. long, and much shorter than the 5 somewhat tomentose carpels, which are erect and acute, becoming 8 mm. long.— Common throughout southern and western Texas. 8. A. holosericeum Scheele. Stout and leafy, 9 to18 dm. high, remarkably vel- vety throughout with fine soft stellate pubescence, the young leaves and lower sur- faces of older ones white, larger leaves sometimes nearly 3 dm. in diameter and on long petioles: upper leaves broadly cordate, with usually a deep sinus, acuminate, more or less toothed and often somewhat 3-lobed: peduncles axillary, several to many-flowered, becoming rather closely paniculate above: calyx-lobes ovate, cuspi- date, densely pubescent, shorter than the deep orange-yellow petals which are 12 min. or more long, but inclosing the 5 densely pubescent and beaked carpels, which are peculiar in having a pair of seeds in the upper part and but one in the lower.— Throughout southern and western Texas. 9. A.crispum Don. Suffrutescent and slender, 3 to 6 dm. high, more or less branching, with velvety leaves, which are round cordate, acuminate, and finely cre- nate, upper ones nearly sessile: peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, elongated and fili- form, refracted after flowering: petals whitish, 6 to8 mm. long, exceeding the calyx: carpels 10, beakless, inflated and wrinkled, hispid, 8 to 12 mm. long.—All along the southern frontier of Texas. Well marked by its inflated carpels. 9. WISSADULA Medik. Differs from Abutilon only in the carpels having a partition across the cell above the lower seed. 1. w. mucronulata Gray. Suffrutescent: leaves cordate, entire, green and smoothish above, paler and somewhat velvety beneath: peduncles paniculately several- flowered: flowers very small, with obovate petals: carpels obovate, smoothish, with 2 short horns, 4 to 5-seeded.—On the Mexican side of the Rio Grande, and more than likely to occur within our boundaries, 10. MALACHRA L, Herbs, hispid with sharp bristly hairs, with long-petioled, rounded, usually palmately lobed leaves, axillary peduncles terminated by a head of 5 or more sessile flowers inclosed by an involucre of 3 or more cor- date floral leaves, yellow or whitish petals, 10 styles, and 5 one-ovuled obtuse and pointless dry carpels. 43 1, M. palmata Mench. Floral leaves usually more or less white with purplish veins: calyx-lobes ovate-lauceolate: carpels glabrate, nearly equaling the connivent calyx.—Collected near Brazos Santiago by Mr. Nealley, and somewhere in southern Texas by Charles Wright. 11. PAVONIA Cav. Shrubs or rarely herbaceous, with petioled leaves, usually solitary flowers on axillary peduncles, a 5 to 15-bracted calyx, 10 styles, and 5 one-ovuled dry crustaceous obtuse carpels. 1. P. lasiopetala Scheele. A low shrubby plant with velvety pubescence : leaves cordate-ovate, sharply and irregularly dentate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, the petiole nearly as long: flowers handsome, rose-colored, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, the petals sparingly pubescent: carpels barely united at base, obovate or rounded, naked or sometimes with 3 awns. (P. Wrightit Gray.)—Throughout southern and western Texas. A beautiful and showy plant, producing an abundance of rose-colored blossoms through- out the season. 12. MALVAVISCUS Dill. Shrubs, with usually rounded and obscurely lobed leaves, axillary peduncles bearing single showy blood-red or scarlet flowers, calyx with 7 to 12 persistent linear bractlets, a long-exserted stamen tube, 10 styles, and 5 one-ovuled carpels connate into a depressed-globose grooved berry-like fruit. 1. M. Drummondii Torr. & Gray. Stem tall and branching, minutely tomentose (as are the somewhat velvety lower leaf-surfaces) : leaves broadly cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, coarsely and crenately toothed, 5 to 6.5 cm. long and about as broad : flowers solitary on axillary peduncles or several together on short flowering branches: bract- lets somewhat spatulate, nearly as long as the calyx and erect : stamen-column twice as long asthe corolla: fruit scarlet.—From the Rio Grande to the Colorado and north- eastward. A very handsome plant, known as “ may-apple.” The scarlet fruit, pro- duced in late summer, is eaten both raw and cooked. 13. HIBISCUS L. (ROSE-MALLOW.) Stout herbs or often shrubby, with large and showy axillary and solitary flowers, a many-bracted calyx, a stamineal column antheriferous much of its length and naked at summit, 5 capitate. and spreading stigmas, and a 5-celled loculicidal many-seeded pod. 1. H. cardiophyllus Gray. Low and rather stout, 25 to 50 cm. high, tomentose, from a woody perennial root: leaves broad cordate, crenulate-dentate, obtuse or acutish, velvety above, very densely white-tomentose beneath, 3.5 to 5 om. or more broad: peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves: bractlets 9 or 10, conspicuous, spatulate-lanceolate, tomentose, about as long as the broadly lanceolate calyx-lobes: petals over 2.5 cm. long, spreading, deep rose- purple, exceeding the stamen-column : pod glabrous, shorter than the calyx, with puberulent seeds.—Rocky hill-sides, on or near the Rio Grande, from near its mouth to the Pecos and perhaps further west. San Diego is the station most distant from the river so far as reported. ae 2. H. denudatus Benth., var. INVOLUCELLATUS Gray. Stems suffraticose, 3 to 6 dm. high, much branched, very tomentose: leaves broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, rounded or obtuse and dentate above: peduncles shorter, 6 to 24 mm. long: bractlets 5 to 7, inconspicuous, setaceous, about the length of the calyx-tube: calyx-lobes lanceolate: petals light purple, about 2.5 cm, long: pod shorter than the calyx, with 44 densely silky seeds.—Bluffs and mesas along the upper Rio Grande, mostly above the Pecos. 3. H. Coulteri Gray. Low, 10 to 30cm. high, strigose with appressed stellate hairs: leaves strigose, 3-lobed or 3-cleft, the lobes oblong or laneeolate and irregularly toothed, or the lowest leaves ovate and undivided: peduncle much exceeding the leaf: involucel, calyx, and young pod strongly hispid: bractlets 10, linear-setaceous, about equaling the lanceolate-acuminate calyx-lobes, and about half as long as the showy sulphur-yellow broadly obvoate petals: pod globose, at length glabrate: seeds clothed with long woolly hairs.—Hills and mountains of western Texas, west of the 100th meridian. 14. FUGOSIA Juss. Like Hibiscus, except that the style is club-shaped and undivided, or with short erect branches, and the pod 3 or 4-celled : flowers yellow. 1. F. Drummondii Gray. Glabrate: stems decumbent, from a perennial root: leaves oval, coarsely and irregularly m:icronate-dentate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, on rather long petioles: bractlets 7 to 9, linear, but little shorter than the calyx: corolla sul- phur-yellow or pale yellow, over 2.5cem. in diameter: pod subglobose, glabrous, equaling the calyx: seeds with short wool.—Found in Gonzales County many years ago by Drummond, but, so far as known, not since found. STERCULIACEZ. A large tropical and polymorphous family chiefly of shrubs and trees, closely related to Malvaceew and Tiliacee, distinguished from the former by the 2-celled (rarely 3-celled) anthers, from the latter by the stamens being opposite to the petals, and more or less monadelphous.—The sta- mens in ours are 5, with the filaments connate at base, and with inter- posed teeth (staminodia) representing abortive filaments. * Petals flat and erect or spreading: anthers 2-celled. 1, Hermannia. Filaments monadelphous at base around the stipe of the ovary ; anthers sagittate, with acuminate cells; staminodia none: pod 5-lobed, many- seeded. 2. Melochia. Filaments monadelphous at base into a tube adnate to the claws of the petals and which bears 5 alternating tooth-like staminodia; anthers oblong, with cells obtuse at both ends: pod sessile, with 5 salient angles and 1-seeded cells. * * Petals hooded and inflexed at apex: anthers 3-celled. 3. Ayenia. Filaments united into a pedicellate 5-lobed cup, the anthers sessilein the sinuses (the lobes representing staminodia) and of 3 parallel ovoid cells: pod warty, with 1-seeded cells, 1. HERMANNIA Tourn. Shrubs (or nearly herbaceous), usually hoary or hirsute with stellate pubescence, with aiternate stipulate leaves, axillary 1 to many-flowered peduncles of yellow or purple flowers, a 5-cleft persistent calyx, spatu- late or obovate erect petals with hollow claws, and stamens and pod as in generic key. 1. H. Texana Gray. Leaves roundish to oblong, truncate or cordate at base, irregularly toothed: stem, leaves, calyx, ovary, and pod densely stellate pubescent, the pod developing also subulate pubescent appendages: anthers more or less pubes- cent.—Ravines or stony prairies between the Colorado and the Rio Grande, and especially abundant along or near the upper Rio Grande to the extreme western order. 45 2. MELOCHIA L. Shrubby plants, with alternate serrate leaves, several-flowered pedun- cles terminal, axillary, or opposite the leaves, a 5-cleft persistent calyx, spreading violet, purple, or white petals, and stamens and pod as in generic key. 1. M. pyramidata L. Branches marked with a broad pubescent longitudinal line from base of each petiole: leaves ovate lanceolate, toothed, glabrous: pedan- cles as long as the petioles or longer, and usually opposite to them: pods pyramidal, 5-angled, the angles compressed and outwardly cuspidate at base.—In western Texas, on or near the Rio Grande, and as far down as Laredo; also on the upper Guadalupe. 2. M. tomentosa L. is near the last, but has leaves usually tomentose, flower fascicles mostly terminal on short branches, larger flowers, and a trapezoid-pyramidal pod with angles not so pointed.—A species found on the Mexican side of the lower Rio Grande, and apt to occur within our border. 3. AYENIA L. Low shrubby plants, with small leaves, minute axillary flowers, a 5-parted calyx, petals with long capillary claws and connivent over the stigma, peculiar stamen structure as in generic key, and rough pods. 1. A. pusilla L. Stems mostly simple, prostrate, with minute stellate pubescence: leaves roundish or oblong, coarsely serrate, 8 to 16 mm. long: flowers solitary or few in a cluster, purple, reflexed in fruit: pod stipitate, depressed-globose, lobed, muricate.—Rocky places, western Texas, and reported as far down the Rio Grande as Eagle Pass. 2. A. microphylla Gray. Low and shrubby, very branching: leaves very small, 4 to 6 mm. long, roundish-cordate, obtuse, coarsely toothed, on short petioles: flow- ers smaller: petals dark red, with shorter claws, the blade more or less lobed and glandular and with a recurved acumination from the broad shaliow terminal notch: pod not stipitate, ciuereous-pubescent and warty echinate.—Rocky and gravelly hills near E1 Paso, and extending down the Rio Grande to the ‘‘ Great Bend.” TILIACEA. (LINDEN FAMILY.) Trees, rarely herbs, chiefly tropical, differing from Malvacee in the deciduous calyx, distinct or polyadelphous stamens, and by the 2-celled anthers; and from our Stercwliacee by the indefinite stamens. 1. Corchorus. Herbaceous or shrubby, with short 1 to few-flowered peduncles opposite the ovate or lanceolate serrate leaves. 2. Tilia. Trees, with ample cordate leaves, and axillary peduncles connate to the middle with the axis of a large membranaceous bract. 1. CORCHORUS L. Mostly herbaceous, with alternate leaves, yellow flowers on short peduncles opposite the leaves, 4 or 5 sepals and petals, the latter some- what shorter, indefinite distinct stamens, and a silique-like elongated 2 to 5-celled pod with numerous seeds in two series. 1. C. pilolobus Link. Glabrous or somewhat pubescent: leaves ovate or lanceo- late, acute, equally serrate: sepals and petals commonly 4: pod linear, 2-valved, nearly glabrous, conspicuously acuminated by the undivided style.—Along the upper Guadalupe, the San Pedro, and the lower Rio Grande, and probably most of the streams of the southeastern border. 46 2. TILIA Tourn. (LINDEN. Basswoop.) Large trees, with suft white wood, very fibrous and tough inner bark, more or less heart-shaped and serrate alternate leaves (oblique and often truncate at base), small cymes of cream-colored fragrant flowers hung on an axillary peduncle united to a large strap-shaped bract, 5 sepals and petals, numerous stamens in 5 clusters, and a dry and woody indehiscent globular fruit becoming 1-celled and 1 or 2-seeded. 1. T. Americana L. (BAsswooD.) Leaves large, green and glabrous or nearly so, thickish: floral bract usually tapering at base: fruit ovoid.—A large and hand- some tree of the Atlantic States, extending in Texas to the valley of the San Anto- nio River. LINE. (FLAX FAMILY.) Herbs (rarely shrubs), with sessile mostly entire leaves, usually ephemeral flowers, regular and symmetrical flowers 5-merous through- out, imbricated calyx, convolute petals, 5 stamens united at base, and a 10-seeded 5-celled pod (or 10-celled by false partitions), 1. LINUM Tourn. (FLAX.) Herbs, with tough fibrous bark, alternate (sometimes opposite) leaves without stipules or with glands in their place, persistent sepals and ephemeral petals, and a 5-celled pod with 2 seeds hanging from the summit of each cell, which is partly or completely divided into two by a false partition projecting from the back of the carpel, the pod thus becoming 10-celled. * Flowers large, blue: sepals not glandular-margined: carpels not cartilaginous at base: styles distinct. 1. L. perenne L., var. Lewis Eat. & Wright. Perennial: glabrous and glau- cous, 3 to 9 dm. high: stems mostly cespitosely clustered: leaves often somewhat crowded, oval-linear, acute: flowers few on rather long peduncles: sepals obtuse or acutish, the petals thrice as long: pod ovoid, obtuse. (L. perenne of most American authors.)—Very common among the hills of western Texas, especially west of the Pecos. ** Flowers rather small, yellow: sepals more or less glandular-ciliate or serrulate. + Pod 2 to 3 mm. long, 10-valved: carpels not cartilaginous at base. ++ Leaves and bracts entire: no stipular glands. 2. L. Virginianum L. Perennial, glabrous, 4.5 to 6 dm. high, erect, rather loosely branched, the flowering branches recurved-spreading or corymbose: leaves remote or somewhat approximated, some of the lowest usnally opposite, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute: sepals ovate, taper-pointed, keeled: pod depressed- globose, very obtuse, about 2 mm. long, the false partitions essentially complete.—Dry soil, throughout the Atlantic States and extending into Texas, and perhaps as far west as our eastern limit. 3. L. Greggii Engelm. Like the last, but lower, more strict and ascending, 25 em, high, with smaller leaves, more contracted cymes of scattered flowers, distinct styles with coherent stigmas, and the false partitions of the pod incomplete.—A Mexican species, reported by Dr. Havard from the mountains (Guadalupe and Chisos) of west- ern Texas. Altogether asumaller, stricter, smaller-leaved species than L. Virginianum. The leaves are apt to be quite closely imbricated at the base of the stem. 47 ++ ++ Upper leaves and bracts glandular-ciliate or serrulate: stipular glands usually present, 4. L. sulcatum Riddell. Annual and glabrous, corymbose above: leaves alter- nate, lanceolate, very acute, 3-nerved (lateral veins marginal): sepals lanceolate, very acute, keeled and conspicuously glandular-serrulate: styles distinct to or below the middle: pod ovoid, rathor acute, about 3 mm. long, rather shorter than the calyx, its false partitions incomplete.—Dry soil, throughout northern and central Texas. 5. L. rupestre Engelm. Perennial and somewhat pubernlent-roughened: leaves more or less opposite below, alternate above, linear-acute, 1-nerved, sparingly hairy on the margins and midrib below, the upper remote and appressed: sepals ovate, very acute or almost bristle- pointed, keeled and glandular-serrulate: styles distinct: pod globose-ovoid, about equaling the calyx, its false partitions incomplete.—South- western Texas, ~ + Pod 4 to 5 mm. long, 5-valved: carpels with triangular cartilaginous insertions at base: false partitions complete. ++ Leaves rather remote on the branches, never imbricated: false partitions more or less thiokened outwardly. 6. L. aristatum Engelm. Green or somewhat gray, often puberulent-roughened, with slender branches: leaves rather rigid, erect, narrow, tapering to an awn-tipped point: sepals rather narrow, lanceolate, broadly scarious and very slender-pointed, mostly twice as long as the pod, in which the false partitions are thickened for a very small distance at the back.—Valley of the Rio Grande near El Paso. 7. L. rigidum Pursh. Glaucous, glabrate or slightly puberulent, stouter: leaves rather rigid, erect, narrowly lanceolate or linear, mostly mucronate and 1-nerved: sepals broader, slender-pointed and more or less awned, strongly 1 to 3-nerved, only about a third longer than the pod, in which the false partitions are thickened for about one-third their extent.—Apparently throughout the State. 8. L. Berlandieri Hook. Green: leaves less rigid, broader and more spreading, nearly all entire, pointed, more or less 3-ribbed: sepals lanceolate, tapering to a very acute awned tip, usually strongly 3-ribbed, about a third longer than the pod, in which the false partitions are thickened for about one-half their extent.—In sandy ground throughout Texas. ++ ++ Leaves crowded and overlapping on the slender branches: false partitions entirely membranaceous. 9, L. multicaule Hook. Glaucous, the slender rough-angled stems simple below: leaves imbricate-appressed over the entire stem, minute, narrowly triangular, bristle- pointed, more or less scarious-margined, 1-nerved: sepals broadly ovate, almost equaled by the globose-ovoid pod.—Throughont Texas. MALPIGHIACER. (MALPIGHIA FAMILY.) Trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous, often climbing, with opposite en- tire or barely serrulate leaves, pubescence (when present) appressed and fixed by the middle, 5 sepals, 5 petals which are conspicuously clawed and pinnately veined, usually 10 monadelphous stamens, 3 dis- tinct or united styles, and 3 carpels more or less connate into a 3-celled ovary with solitary suspended ovules. * Stamens.10, all perfect: styles 3. ighi i : ‘ly in axillary umbel-like 1, Malpighia. Calyx with 6 to 19 glands: flowers mostls sienteensioaven without glands: fruit a stony 3-celled 3-lobed drupe, with carpels ted or winged on the back and indehiscent. ; oe Calpiist Calyx without glands: flowers in terminal racemes: leaves biglan- duler on or near the petiole: fruit » 3-lobed capsule, the carpels separating and dehiscent. 48 * * Stamens 5 or 6, all perfect or some without anthers: style 1. 3. Aspicarpa. Erect shrubs: stamens 5, only 2 perfect: fruit a solitary crested nut. 4, Janusia. Shrubby and often climbing: stamens 6, all perfect or some without anthers: fruit of 2 or3 samaras (winged as in the maple). 1. MALPIGHIA L. Shrubs, with opposite short-petioled leaves, small stipules, small reddish or purple flowers in axillary umbels with slender articulated bracteolate pedicels, and fruit as in generic key. 1. M. glabra L. Shrub, 3 to 12 dm. high: leaves ovate, acute or acuminate, gla- brous, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long.—A Mexican plant of the lower Rio Grande and extending to Corpus Christi Bay in Texas. 2. GALPHIMIA Cav. Shrubby or barely suffruticose, with opposite leaves biglandular near the base or at apex of the short petivles, yellow or orange (reddish with age) flowers in terminal racemes and on articulated bracteolate pedicels, and fruit as already given. 1. G. angustifolia Benth. Low, 3 to 6 dm. high, mostly glabrous, with slender stems herbaceous above the base: leaves glaucescent, oblong to lanceolate or linear: racemes loose, the small yellow flowers quickly turning red and refracted in fruit on the articulated pedicels. (G. linifolia Gray.)—Rocky hills and prairies between the Colorado and the Rio Grande. 3. ASPICARPA Lag. Slender, erect and branching, shrubby, with 2 forms of flowers: nor- mal, with glandular calyx, fimbriate-ciliate petals, 5 stamens and 2 of them perfect; but the fruit chiefly from the abnormal and more pre- cocious flowers which have no glands on the calyx, are apetalous, have a single rudimentary anther and a single more or less crested nut. 1. A. hyssopifolia Gray. Stems erect, numerous from a woody base, 12.5 to 30 em. high: leaves linear-lanceolate or lowest oblong, hispid-ciliate, otherwise mostly glabrous, veinless: flowers axillary and solitary, petaliferous ones peduncled, apeta- lous ones closely sessile in the lower axils: carpels reticulate, acutely crested on the back.—River valleys between the Colorado and the Rio Grande, and extending west of the Pecos. 2. A. longipes Gray. Stems numerous from a woody base, very hirsute with ap- pressed centrally fixed hairs, diffusely decumbent or procumbent, 3 to 9 dm. long: leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, cordate at base, pubescent both sides, primary veins conspicuous underneath: apetalous fertile flowers on long peduncles (1.5 to 3 em. long) with 2 small leaf-like bracts at apex: petaliferous flowers 3 or 4 together on slender pedicels terminating similar but longer and more foliaceous-bracteate pedun- cles or axillary filiform branches: carpels smoothish.—Rocky hills west of the Pecos, 4. JANUSIA A. Juss. Slender twining or trailing plants, with 2 forms of yellow flowers in axillary umbellate clusters, the normal with a gland-bearing calyx, con- spicuous clawed petals, a 3-angled style and 3 ovaries, the abnormal with an eglandular calyx, often rudimentary petals, no style and 2 ova- 49 ries, both forming a corresponding number of samaras (fruits with maple-like wings). 1. J. gracilis Gray. Stems and branches very slender, twining or trailing: leaves lanceolate-linear, 2.5 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, mostly acute at both ends, the mar- gin with 2 or 3 tooth-like glands near the base, both surfaves (as well as the stem) silky with close-pressed hairs: peduncles inostly dichotomously 2-flowered; bracts linear, as long as the pedicels, which are minutely bibracteolate in the middle.— Apparently common throughout Texas south of the Colorado and west to New Mexico. ZYGOPHYLLEH. (BEAN-CAPER FAMILY.) Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with opposite pinnately compound dotless stipulate leaves, symmetrical 4 or 5-merous flowers solitary on lateral or terminal naked peduncles, stamens as many or twice as many as petals, and a single style terminating a 2 to 12-carpeled ovary which ripens dry. 1. Tribulus. Leaves abruptly pinnate, 6 to 10-foliolate: fruit tuberculate: herbs. 2. Larrea. Leaves 2-foliolate: fruit densely hairy: heavy-scented shrub. 3. Guiacum. Leaves abruptly pinnate, 8 to 16-foliolate: fruit smooth, with 2 to5 acute or wing-like apgles: trees (or shrubs) with very hard wood. 1. TRIBULUS L. Loosely branched hairy prostrate herbs, with abruptly pinnate op: posite leaves (alternate ones smaller or wanting), solitary axillary white or yellow flowers, 5 mosily persistent sepals, 5 fugacious petals, 10 sta- inens, and a lobed fruit separating from the persistent axis into 5 to 12 indehiscent 1-seeded tuberculate or winged or spinose carpels. 1. T. maximus L. Stems at length elongated: leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, ovate-oblong, 6 to 12 mm. long, more or less oblique: peduncles 12 to 25 mm. long: sepals very hairy, linear, acuminate, 4 mm. long: petals a half longer: fruit 4 min. high, beaked by a stout style about as long, the carpels roughly tuberculate. (Kallstrwmia maxima Torr. & Gray.)—Common in dry soils through southern and western Texas. 2. T. grandiflorus Watson. Hispid with usually longer and more spreading hairs: leaflets 4 to 6 pairs: peduncles more elongated: sepals 6 to 12 mm. long, the petals usually twice longer: fruit rather more sharply tuberculate, the beak 6 to 10 wm. long. (Kalilstremia grandiflora Torr.)—Valleys of the upper Rio Grande and its tribu- taries, to New Mexico. 2. LARREA Cav. (CREOSOTE BUSH.) Evergreen heavy-scented shrubs, with nodose branches, opposite 2- toliolate leaves, solitary yellow flowers, 5 deciduous sepals, 5-clawed petals, 10 stamens with filaments winged below, and a globose shortly stipitate densely hairy fruit of 5 indehiscent 1-seeded carpels. 1. L. Mexicana Moric. Ditfusely branched, 12 to 30 dm. high, densely leafy, of a yellowish hue: leaves nearly sessile, the thick resinous leaflets inequilatoral, oblong, 6 to 12 mm. long, with a broad attachment to the rhachis, somewhat curved: sepals ovate, obtuse, silky: petals bright yellow, 6 to 8 mm. long: fruit 5 mm. in diameter, beaked by the slender style.—Very common on gravelly mesas and bluffs west of the Pecos. The leaves are sticky with a strongly scented gum or resin, and with the green branches burn with w bright blaze. It has various reputed medicinal proper- ties. 50 3. GUIACUM Plum. (LIGNUM-VIT# TREE.) Trees or shrubs, with very hard wood, alternate commonly knotty branches, opposite abruptly pinnate leaves with several pairs of coria- ceous entire reticulate-veined smooth and shining leaflets, terminal peduncles with one or several rather large blue or purplish flowers, 5 deciduous sepals and petals, 10 stamens with naked filaments, and a smooth strongly 2 to 5-angled fruit. 1. G. angustifolium Engelm. A straggling shrub (on bluffs) or a small tree (in valleys), with very smooth branches ani leaves: leaflets 8 to 16-reticulated : purple flowers 12 mm. in diameter: ovary 2-celled, forming an obcordate 2-lobed pod, with 2 yellow seeds as large as small beans. (Porliera angustifolia Gray.)—From the lower Rio Grande to the Colorado, and west to the Pecos and wore sparingly beyond. Called ‘‘ guayacan,” and of considerable repute in various diseases. GERANIACEX. (GERANIUM FAMILY.) A family of such diverse habit and structure as to be very difficult of definition, but ours are mostly herbs, with toothed, lobed, or com- pound leaves with or without stipules, regular 5-merous flowers on axillary peduncles, 5 or 10 stamens, ard a 5-lobed and 5-celled ovary with a central axis. *Carpels 1-seeded, separating elastically from the long-beaked central axis from below upwards, the styles forming long tails which become revolute upwards or spirally twisted: stipules present. 1. Geranium. Fertile stamens 10: tails of the carpels not bearded. 2. Hrodium. Fertile stamens 5: tails of the carpels bearded iuside. **Carpels combined into a 5-celled few to many-seeded loculicidal pod: stipules rare. 3. Oxalis. Sepals, petals, and styles 5: stamens 10: leaves mostly compound with leaflets entire or notched at the end. 1. GERANIUM L. (CRANESBILL.) Annual or perennial herbs, with palmately lobed and mostly opposite leaves, scarious stipules, axillary peduncles bearing 1 to 3 violet or rose-colored or white flowers, and stamens and carpels as already given. 1. G. czespitosum James. Perennial from a stout caudex, more or less decum- bent spreading and cespitose, canescent but not glandular: leaves round-reniform, 3-parted with cuueate divisions, the lower once or, especially on the radical leaves, twice cleft ou the lower side: sepals long-pointed: petals purple or white, 8 to 12 mm. long, villous within: filaments a third longer than the pistil: carpels more or less villous: seeds reticulate.—In the mountains west of the Pecos. . 2. G. Carolinianum L. Annual or biennial, stout-stemmed, spreading when large loosely gray-pubescent and mostly dirty-glandular: leaves incisely 3 to 5-parted, the cuneate divisions more or less deeply cut-toothed or dissected into linear lobes: peduncles and pedicels short, often densely crowded: sepals ovate, tapering to a prominent awn: petals rose-colored, about equaling the calyx: carpels villous-his- pid: seed oblong and low-reticulate.—Throughout Texas, where it is associated with var. TEXANUM Trelease, in which the seeds are round and deeply pitted.—Collected near New Braunfels by Lindheimer in 1848, 51 2. ERODIUM L’Her. (STORKSBILL.) Like the last, but with only 5 stamens, the carpel-tails long-bearded on the inner side and becoming spirally twisted, the terminal or latera: peduncles umbellately 2 to several-flowered with a 4-bracted involucre at the base of the pedicels, and flowers small. . * Leaves cordate and lobed. 1, B. macrophyllum Hook. & Arn. Pubescence with more or less of spreading glandular hairs: leaves reniform-cordate, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. broad ; stipules small: pedun- cles elongated: sepals broad, 10 to 12 mm. long: carpels oblong, with the stout beak 3.5 em. long.—'‘ Texas to California,” fide Trelease. 2. E. Texanum Gray. Pubescence appressed, not glandular: leaves ovate-cur- date, smaller and more deeply lobed, usually about 2.5 cm. long: peduncles shorter: sepals narrower, 6 to 10 mm. long: carpels narrow, with the slender beak 3.5 to 7.5 em. long.—Throughout southern and western Texas. “* Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid, the divisions lobed or toothed. 3. E. cicutarium L’Her. Hairy, much-branched from the base: leaves pinnate, the leaflets laciniately pinnatifid with narrow acute lobes: peduncles exceeding the leaves, bearing a 4 to 8-flowered umbel: sepals 2 to 6 mm. long, acute: petals bright rose-color, a little longer: tails of the carpels 2.5 to 5 cm. long: pedicels slender, at length reflexed, the fruit still erect.—Introduced from Europe into the Western States, and reported as occurring in southern and western Texas, Known by vari- ous popular names, as ‘‘alfilaria,” ‘“ pin-clover,” “ pin-grass,” and valuable as a forage plant. 3. OXALIS L. (WoOOD-SORREL.) Low, often acaulescent herbs with a sour juice, alternate 1 to 3-folio- late leaves, few to many-flowered peduncles, 10 stamens, and a 5-celled columnar or ovoid loculicidal pod, with 2 to several seeds in each cell.— Several species produce small peculiar flowers precociously fertilized in bud and particularly fruitful. The ordinary flowers are often dimor- phous or trimorphous in the relative length of stamens and styles. *Caulescent: flowers yellow (sometimes tinged with red-purple). + Leaves unifoliate, with free setaceous stipules. 1. O. dichondreefolia Gray. Perennial, appressed-pubescent, with spreading or procumbent branches: the single leaflet round-ovate, wavy-margined, cordate, abruptly depressed and mucronate at apex, 12 to 30 mm. long, petiole as long: flow- ers 12 mm. long, solitary on axillary peduncles equaling or surpassing the leaves, and with 2 setaceous bracts near the summit: sepals triangular-lanceolate, acute, dilated at base: petals half as long again as the calyx: pod round-ovoid, 10 mm. long, pubescént: seeds with prominent tubercles in transverse or oblique rows.— Common throughout southern and western Texas. + + Leaves pinnately 3-foliate, without stipules. 2. O. Berlandieri Torr. Perennial, much branched, gray- or rusty-pubescent : leaves on petioles about 15 mm. long, terminal leaflet obovate-oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long, on a stalk half as long, lateral ones smaller, opposite, oblong, very short-stalked, all obliquely emarginate at apex and nearly glabrous above: flowers about 12 mm. long, umbellate at the ends of axillary peduncles about equaling the leaves: sepals lanceolate, acute, the petals thrice as long: pod ovoid, about 5 mum. long, pubescent: seeds fusiform, somewhat flattened, with 8 prominent longitudinal zigzag wings or rows of teeth.—Southeastern Texas, from the Nueces to the Rio Grande. 52 ++ + Leaves palnately 3-feliolate, with subsessile more or less obliquely obcordate-cuneate leaflets, and with short aduate stipules or none. 3. O. Wrightii Gray. Perennial from a stuut conical subterranean caudex, at the apex of which the decumbent leafy branches are clustered; otherwise very simi- lar to the next species.—In the mountains west of the Pecos. 4. O. corniculata L. Annual or perennial, erect or procumbent, gray or rusty strigose-pubescent, with slender stems not from a caudex: the 3 leaflets broader than long, obcordate, with round or truncate ciliate stipules: flowers 5 to 8 mm. long (sometimes longer), solitary or paired on 2-bracted peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves: sepals oblong, rather obtuse: petals obscurely crenulate or emarginate, about twice as long as the calyx: styles about equaling the long stamens: pod erect, oblong, strigose, 10 to 20 mm. long: seeds ovate, acute, much flattened, with 1 to3 deep marginal grooves and numerous transverse ridges.—Thr..ughout Texas, as well as the entire country. A cosmopolitan and exceediugly variable plant. Var. (?) MACRANTHA Trelease is decumbent from a stout or slender horizontal rootstock, the branches erect, pilose with spreading pointed hairs: leaflets narrower: flowers pale, 10 to 15 mm. long, extremely variable in relative length of stamens.—Eastern and southern Texas. Var. STRICTA Sav. is an erect annual (sometimes perennial), sub- glabrous to villous: leaves without stipules: inflorescence a dichotomous cyme or umbellate: flowers about 8 mm. long: petals nearly entire. (0. stricta L. of most authors. )—With the type, but flowering later. ** Acaulescent : leaves and scapes from a scaly bud: flowers rose-violet : leaves palmately 3-foliolate. 5. O. violacea L. Leaflets about 10 mm. long, broadly obcordate with an open sinus, the midrib tipped on the lower side with a pair of usually prominent confluent callosities: scapes several, longer than the leaves, umbellately 3 to 12-flowered: sepals ovate, obtuse, with 2 more or less confluent orange callosities on the outer side at tip: petals thrice as long as calyx: pod round-ovoid, about 5 mm. long, glabrous: seeds compressed ovoid, irregularly rugose-tuberculate.x—A common species of the Atlantic States, only reported as yet west of the Pecos in Texas. 6. O. vespertilionis Torr. & Gray. Leaves few, the leaflets open V-shaped, more or less conspicuously calloused in the sinus, the linear blunt lobes 10 to 25 mm. long, usnally 5 im. or less wide: scape mostly solitary, longer than the leaves, umbellately about 6-flowered: sepals with 4 to 6 narrow callosities: pod ovoid-oblong, 10 mm, long, somewhat pubescent: seeds compressed, round-ovoid, longitudinally 8 to 10- creased and transversely wrinkled. (0, Drummondii Gray.)—Between the Colorado and the Rio Grande and west to New Mexico. RUTACEH. (RvE Famity.,) Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with pellucid or glandular-dotted aromatic opposite or alternate leaves, generally regular and symmetrical flowers, 4 or 5 sepals and petals, as many or twice as many stamens inserted outside of an hypogynous disk, and the 2 to 5 carpels separate or com- bined into a compound ovary of as many cells and raised ona prolonga- tion of the receptacle (gynophore) or disk.—Here belon g oranges, citrons, lemons, ete. * Ovary deeply 2 to 5-lobed or even quite distinct. + Herbs or shrubby only at base: leaves alternate. 1. Peganum. Herbs: leaves many-parted: fruit a globose 3-lobed nearly sessile pod: stamens 12 to 15. 2. Thamnosma. Shrubby at base: leaves simple and entire: fruit a 2-lobed coria- caous short-stipitate pod: stamens 8. 53 + + Shrubs or trees, 3. Choisya. Low unarmed shrubs: leaves opposite (or nearly so), radiately 5 to 10-foliolate: stamens 8 to 10. 4, Xanthoxylum. Trees or shrubs, mostly prickly: leaves alternate and pinnate: stamens 3 to 5. ** Ovary encire or slightly lobed. 5. Ptelea, Shrubs or small trees: leaves opposite and alternate, 3-foliolate: sta- mens 4 or 5: fruit orbicular and broadly winged. 6. Helietta. Shrubs: leaves opposite, 3-foliolate: stamens 3 or 4: fruit of 3 samaras (winged fruits). 7. Amyris. Shrubs: leaves mostly alternate, 3-foliolate: stamens 8: fruit a glo- bose or ellipsoidal drupe. 1. PEGANUM L. Branching herbs, with alternate many-parted leaves, pale yellow flowers on solitary axillary peduucles, conspicuous foliaceous and pin- natifid sepals, 12 to 15 stamens, and a globose 3-lobed nearly sessile pod. 1. P. Mexicanum Gray. Stems 20 to 30cm. high, very leafy, pubescont: leaves with narrowly linear divisions: peduncle shorter than the flower: calyx and corolla 4-mnerous, the 3 to 5-parted leaf-like sepals twice as long as the petals.—Abundant in northern Mexico near the Rio Grande, and found in the Eagle Mountains of extreme western Texas, 2. THAMNOSMA Torr. Low glandular desert more or less shrubby plants, strongly scented, with alternate linear leaves, solitary yellow or purple axillary flowers, 4 sepals, 4 erect petals, 8 stamens at the base of a cup-shaped lobed disk, and a more or less stipitate 2-lobed pod, 1. T. Texanum Torr. Woody only at base, the slender stems 7.5 to 40 cm. high: leaves scattered and soon degiduous: flowers small, on shert naked pedicels, yellow tinged with purple: pod very short stipitate, lobed nearly to the middle. (Rutosma Texanum Gray.)—From the Colorado to the Rio Grande and west to New Mexico. Apparently abundant in the mountains west of the Pecos. 3. CHOISY A HBK. Low unarmed shrubs, with opposite radiately 5 to 10-foliolate leaves, white mostly solitary long-pedicelled axillary and terminal flowers, small scale-like petals, 8 to 10 stamens, and a 5-lobed 5-beaked pod. 1. C. dumosa Gray. Low and much branched, pubescent, 9 to 18 dm. high: leaf- lets narrowly linear and coriaceous: flowers either solitary or 2 to 4 and umbellate: ovary 5-lobed, hairy, the cells produced above into a short incurved beak, with ven- trally attached styles; but two of the carpels ripening, these becoming ovate, com- pressed and dotted. (Astrophyllum dumosum Torr.)—Mountain cafions in El Paso County and adjacent Mexico. 4. XANTHOXYLUM L. (PRICKLY ASH.) Shrubs or trees, with pinnate alternate leaves, more or less prickly stems and leafstalks, small greenish diccious flowers, 4 or 5 stamens, 2 to 5 separate pistils but with conniving styles, and thick fleshy 1 to 2-seeded pods. 54 1. X. Clava-Herculis L. (PRICKLY ASH. TOOTHACHE-TREE.) Smal] tree, with bark armed with warty prickles: branches and (generally) petioles armed with long prickles: leaves7 to 9-foliolate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, crenate-serrulate : panicles terminal: stamens5: carpels3, carly sessile. (X. Carolinianum Lam.)—A species of the Gulf States which extends into Texas to the 100th meridian. A form occurs in Texas with all the leaves 3-foliolate. Var. FRUTICOSUM Gray is shrubby, with shorter ovate or oblong more strongly crenate leaves, and 2 carpels.—From the Colorado to the Rio Grande. 2. X. Pterota HBK. Small tree or shrub, with zigzag branches armed with short curved prickles: petioles winged ; leaflets 7 to 9, small, obovate, coriaceous, crenate above the middle: flowers in axillary clusters: stamens 4: ovaries 2, but ripening a solitary globose pitted and dotted distinctly stipitate carpel.—A very common shrub on the lower Rio Grande, where it is called ‘‘colima.” Reputed to have considerable medicinal value. 5. PTELEA L. (SHRUBBY TREFOIL. HOP-TREE.) Shrubs or small trees, with opposite and alternate 3-foliolate leaves, greenish-white small polygamous flowers in compound terminal cymes, 4 or 5 sepals, petals and stamens, and a broadly winged orbicular fruit, the wing embracing a slender stipe. 1. P. angustifolia Benth. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, somewhat rhomboidal, 2.5 to 6.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, entire: petals 4 to 6mm. long: fruit 12 to 16 mm. broad, emarginate at base and often above; stipe narrow, 2 to4 mm. long.—From the Guadalupe to the Rio Grande and extending to the region about El] Paso and westward. 2. P. trifoliata L. (Hop-Tree.) Like the last, but often more of a tree, with broader (ovate) and larger leaves (downy when young), smaller flowers, more broadly winged fruit not emarginate at base, and alonger thicker stipe.—Throughout southern and western Texas. Var. MOLLIS Torr. & Gray has branchlets, petioles, and lower leai-surfaces clothed with a soft tomentose pubescence even when old.—Throughout central and western Texas, where it is the common form. 6. HELIETTA Tulasne. Shrubs with opposite 3-foliolate leaves, terminal and axillary panicles of small purplish-white flowers, 3 or 4 sepals, petals and stamens, a very small glandular warty ovary, and an obconical fruit which finally separates into 3 or 4 samaras (winged fruits). 1. H. parvifolia Benth. A smooth shrub with grayish bark: leaflets rather pale green, oblanceolate to obovate, obtuse, the terminal one much the largest, the lateral ones variable in size and sometimes one or both wanting.—A common shrub on the bluffs of the lower Rio Grande, known as “ barreta.” 7. AMYRIS P. Browne. (ToRCH-woopD.) Shrubs or trees with mostly alternate 3-foliolate leaves, panicled white flowers, 4 sepals and petals, 8 stamens, and fruit a globose 1- seeded drupe. 1. A. parvifolia Gray. A low shrub: leaflets only 12 to 18 mm. long, rhombic- ovate or narrower, obtuse, nearly all crenate or crenulate, dull and with rather incon- spicuous reticulation; lateral ones short-petiolate or subsessile, as is sumetimes the terminal one also. —On the Rio Grande below Brownsville. 55 SIMARUBACER. (QuassIA FAMILY.) Ours are spiny shrubs with small alternate entire coriaceous or scale-like leaves which soon or easily fall, differing essentially from Rutacee in the dotless leaves and bitter bark. 1. Castela. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, the fruit of 4 distinct and widely spreading short stipitate 1-seeded drupes: leaves coriaceous. 2, Koeberlinia. Ovary entire, 2-celled, many-seeded, becoming a small subglobose berry: leaves scale-like, oaducous, the plant appearing leafless. 1. CASTELA Tarpin. (GoaTBusH.) Low shrubs with spinescent branches and axillary spines, thick rigid leaves which are shining above and silvery canescent beneath and with revolute margins, small saffron-colored subsessile polygamo-dicecious flowers solitary or fasvicled in the axils, 4 sepals an | much larger petals, 8 stamens inserted on a fleshy disk, and fruit consisting of 4 distinct and widely spreading red drupes (by abortion fewer). 1. C. Nicholsoni Hook. Shrub 9 to 15 dm. high: leaves lanceolate or oblong- linear, mucronulate: stamens hirsute.—Common on gravelly bluffs of the lower Rio Grande from Eagle Pass dowuwards. The bark is intensely bitter and is much used in medicine by the Mexicans, who call it ‘“‘amargoso.” 2. KGSBERLINIA Zuce. (JuNco.) A curious shrub or sometimes arborescent, apparently destitute of leaves, with green stiff very intricate branches tapering into thorns, minute scale-like caducous leaves, small white flowers in short lateral or umbelliform racemes near the apex of the branchlets, 4 sepals and petals, uo disk, 8 stamens, and a small subglobose berry. 1. K. spinosa Zucc, A shrub apparently consisting of nothing but thorns, near the ends of which are borne the clusters of small flowers.—Common in the vicinity of the Rio Grande from Brownsville to El Paso and throughout western Texas. MELIACEZ. (MELIA FAMILY.) Trees, chiefly with pinnately compound dotless leaves, stamens twice as many as the petals and united up to or beyond the anthers into a tube and a several-celled ovary. 1. MELIA L. Trees with alternate bipinnate leaves, flowers in large compound panicles, 5 to 6-parted calyx, 5 or 6 linear-spatulate petals, filaments nnited into a cylindrical tube with a 10 to 12-cleft mouth and inclosing as many anthers, and a globose berry-like drupe. 1. M. Asedarach L. (Pripeor Inpia. CHINA TREE.) A tree 9 to 12 m. high; leaflets ovate, pointed, toothed: flowers numerous, fragrant, lilac: fruit yellowish, the stone bony and 5-celled, with a single seed in each cell.—-A favorite shade tree, and extensively naturalized in cen tral and southern Texas. Introduced from Asia. 56 ILICINEA. (HoLLY FAMILY.) Trees or shrubs, with simple mostly alternate leaves, small white or greenish axillary 4 to 9-merous flowers throughvut, and a berry-like drupe. 1.ILEX L. (HOLty.) Shrubs or small trees, with short-petioled leaves and minute pointed stipules, persistent calyx, somewhat gamopetalous corolla with oblong and very obtuse lobes, and stamens adnate to the base of the short tube. * Leaves coriaceous, evergreen: flowers 4-meroua : drupe red or occasionally yellow. 1. L opaca Ait. (AMERICAN HOLLY.) Tall shrub or tree as much as 12 to 15 m. high: leaves broad, 5 to 10 cm. long, elliptical to obovate-oblong, pungently acumi- nate, mostly spinosely dentate: flowers in loose clusters along the base of the young branches and in the axils: calyx-segments acute, ciliate: drupes spheroidal or ovoid, 8 to 10 mm. long.—A holly of the Atlantic and Gulf States, extending into Texas to the valley of the Colorado. 2. I. Cassine Walt. (CasseNa. YaupPon.) Shrub or occasionally arborescent: leaves 12 to 36 mm. long, elliptical or elliptical-oblong, very obtuse, coarsely crenate- serrate: flower clusters nearly sessile: calyx-segments rounded, scarcely ciliate: drupes round, 4to6 mm. in diameter.—A holly of the Southern States, extending intw Texas to the valley of the Colorado. * * Leaves deciduous : flowers 4 to 6-merous: drupe red or purple, about 6 mm. in diameter. 3. I. decidua Walt. Shrub or small tree with glabrous gray twigs: leaves 5 to 6.5 mm. long, wedge-oblong or lance-obovate, obtusely serrate, glossy above, downy on the midrib beneath: calyx-segments broadly triangular, mostly dark-pointed and scarcely ciliate.—A species of the Southern States and extending in Texas to the valley of the San Antonio. 4, I. Caroliniana Trelease. Shrub or small tree: leaves 2.5 to 5 em. long, ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sparingly serrate with low sharp teeth, slightly glossy, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs: calyx-segments rounded, usually strongly ciliate. (I. ambigua Chapman.)—A species of the Gulf States, and extend- ing into Texas, but whether as far west as our eastern limit is uncertain. CELASTRINEZ. (STAFF-TREE FAMILY.) Shrabs, with simple and undivided leaves, no stipules (or hardly any), smal! dull-colored or white (chiefly perfect) regular flowers, imbricated calyx and corolla, stamens as many as petals and alternate and inserted on the surface or margin of a broad disk, and mostly arillate seeds. * Fruit dehiscent. 1. Huonymus. Leaves opposite: filaments very short, with didymous anthers having subglobose cells: ovary immersed in the disk: pod more or less lobed, colored, the seeds enclosed in a scarlet or orange aril. 2. Maytenus. Leavesalternate: filaments longer than the round-cordate anthers: ovary confluent with the disk below and narrowed to the slightly lobed stigma: pod obovoid, triquetrous, the seeds with a red aril open above. ** Fruit indehiscent: leaves alternate or opposite: seeds not arillate. 3. Scheefferia. Flowers diccious, 4-merous: calyx shallow: anthers round-oval: stigma 2-cleft, with large incised or fimbriate divisions: ovary 2-celled, becoming a spheroidal (compressed or grooved when immature) 2-celled 2-seeded drupe. 57 4. Mortonia. Flowers perfect, 5-merous: calyx obcenio: anthers subglobose and mucronulate: style 5-lobed: ovary 5-celled, becoming an oblong dry 1-celled 1-seeded fruit. 1. HUONYMUS Tourn. (SPINDLU-TREE.) Shrubs or small trees, with incurved-serrate ample leaves, rather few-flowered dichotomous axillary cymes on elongated peduncles, and in ours greenish flowers and fruit rough with crowded acute warts. 1. BE. Americanus L. (STRAWBERRY BUSH.) Low shrub: leaves 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, crenate-serrate, mostly glabrous: pedun- cles 1 to 3-flowered: flowers 6 to 12 mm. in diameter: fruit not deeply lohed.—An Atlantic and Gulf State species extending into Texas, but whether it reaches our eastern limit is uncertain. 2. MAYTENUS Molina. Shrub or small tree, with coriaceous entire leaves, and small flowers solitary or clustered in their axils. 1. M. phyllanthoides Benth. Glabrous: leaves thick, dull, short-petioled, obo- vate-cuneate or cuneate-spatulate, rounded or emarginate at apex: flowers very short-stalked: fruit contracted at base or substipitate.—Along the Mexican side of the lower Rio Grande and presumably in adjacent Texas. 3. SCHEIFFERIA Jacq. Shrubs or small trees, with firm glabrous leaves, and small flowers clustered in their axils. 1. S. cuneifolia Gray. Shrub with rigid somewhat spinescent twigs: leaves cori- aceous, 12 mm. long, spatnlate-cuneate, subsessile, rounded or emarginate at apex, entire or slightly crenate-lobed above, rugose-veiny: flowers sessile: fruit 4 mm. long, flattened, grooved on each side.—From the Nueces to the Rio Grande and west to the Pecos. 4. MORTONIA Gray. Shrubs, with small thick entire crowded leaves, and small flowers clustered at the ends of the branches. 1, M. sempervirens Gray. Twigs and inflorescence pubescent: leaves small, 4 to 6 mm. long, smooth and glabrous, elliptical, obtuse to subacute, very short-peti- oled: pedicels bibracteate close to the flowers, the bracts obtase: fruit oblong, 2 by 6 mm.—From the San Felipe to the Pecos. 2. M. scabrella Gray. Like the last, but leaves often twice as large, elliptical or round-elliptical, obtuse or stout-pointed, papillate-roughened.—On craggy lime- stone hillsides from the San Pedro to New Mexico. 3. M. Greggii Gray. Twigs and inflorescence pubescent: leaves longer, 12 to 25 mm. long, spatulate to oblong, tapering to a short petiole, mucronate or acuminate, glabrous: bracts acute: fruit shorter and thicker.—A Mexican species of limestone hills and extending into Texas. RHAMNER. (BUCKTHORN FAMILY.) Shrubs or small trees, with simple undivided leaves, small and often caducous stipules, small flowers that are sometimes polygamo- dicecious and often apetalous, a conspicuous disk lining the calyx-tube, valvate 9816— 02 5 58 calyx, stamens as many as its lobes and alternate with them (opposite the petals when present), and a 2 to 4-celled ovary with mostly solitary ovules. *Fruit mostly fleshy and edible, with a single 1 to 8-celled hard stone. + Petals wanting. 1. Condalia. Style somewhat 2 or 3-lobed: ovules solitary in each carpel. + + Petals present. 2. Zizyphus. Petals hooded and clawed: flowers umbellately clustered: style bifid: ovules solitary. 3. Microrhamnus. Petals hooded and clawed: flowers solitary: style notched: ovules solitary: leaves minute and revolute to the broad midrib. 4. Berchemia. Petals clawless, acute, with incurved margins: style slightly 2-lobed: ovules solitary. 5, Karwinskia. Petals hooded, very short clawed: style slightly 2 or 3-lobed: ovules 2 in each ecarpel. : ** Fruit berry-like or dry; containing 2 to 4 separating seed-like nutlets. + Fruit fleshy, free from the calyx. 6. Rhamnus. Tube of calyx rather deep: petals small and clawless, sometimes wanting: style notched. 7. Sageretia. Calyx shallow: petals hooded and clawed: style short and 3-lobed. + + Fruit dry or nearly so. 8. Ceanothus. Calyx-lobes petaloid: petals hooded and clawed: style elongated, mostly 3-lobed with spreading divisions: fruit partly inferior: inflorescence usually compound and thyrsoid. 9, Colubrina. Chiefly differing from Ceanothus in habit and the collection of its less showy flowers in axillary umbel-like clusters, 10. Adolphia. Nearly leafless green-stemmed plants: petals hooded: disk invest- ing but free from the lower half of the ovary: nutlets 3, perforate at basé. 1. CONDALIA Cav. Rigidly branching mostly spiny shrubs or small trees, with alternate rather small pinnately-veined leaves, and small flowers solitary or clus- tered in the axils. 1. C. obovata Hook. Small tree, velvety-pubescent or at length glabrate: leaves often fascicled, 12 to 18 mm. long, petioled, spatulate to obovate-cuneate, mostly mucronate and entire: flowers few in each axil, very short-stalked: drape subglo- bose, deep red, about 4 mm. in diameter, the short stout style disarticulating at abont the middle: stigma 3-lobed.—From the Guadalupe to the Rio Grande and west to New Mexico. Known as “brasil” and ‘‘logwood,” and one of the common ‘ chap- arral” plants of western Texas, forming dense impenetrable thickets. Becomes small on the lower Rio Grande and along the coast, 2. C. spathulata Gray.. Shrub, glabrous or velvety: leaves less than 12 mm. long, short-petioled, spatulate-cuneate, acute to emarginate: pedicels 2 mm. long: drupe obliquely obovoid, 4 mm. long: style slender, slightly 2-lobed, disarticulating near the top.—From the upper Colorado and Eagle Pass on the Rio Grande west- ward to New Mexico. A very spinose plant. 3. C. Mexicana Schl. Shrub, somewhat intermediate between the last two: leaves spatulate-obovate, acuminate: drupe ellipsoidal, 6 mm. long, with a thicker stone.—On the lower Rio Grande. 59 2. ZIZYPHUS Juss. Spiny shrubs, with alternate leaves 3-nerved or their principal veins confluent toward the margin, and small flowers in umbel-like clusters. 1. Z. obtusifolia Gray. Rigid and spinose, somewhat pubescent to glabrate: leaves mostly glabrate, 6 to 25 mm. long, typically thin and green, spatulate to ellip- tical or on long shoots ovate-deltoid, acute to emarginate, entire or the broader forms unequally coarse-serrate or lobed: peduncle and pedicels each about 2 mm. long, mostly villous like the calyx: drupe subglobose, about 8 mm. in diameter, black.—One of the most widespread and abundant shrubs in western and southern Texas, on gravelly mesas, slopes, and bluffs, and known as ‘‘ lote-bush,” or ‘ Texas buckthorn.” : 2. Z. lycioides Gray. Very rigid and spinose, the striate zigzag branches mostly velvety and whitened: leaves pale, 12 mm. long or less, short petioled, subglabrous, oblong or occasionally ovate, obtuse or emarginate, usually entire: drupe globose or somewhat elongated, about 8 mm. in diameter.—Said to occur along the Rio Grande in extreme western Texas. 3. MICRORHAMNUS Gray. Spiny shrub, with fascicled heath-like leaves, and small solitary flowers. 1, M. ericoides Gray. Minutely prberulent or mostly glabrous: leaves 2 to 6 mm. Jong, acute, with strongly revolute margins, the enclosed grooves densely short- tomentose: stipules broadly triangular, ciliate: pedicels about 2 mm. long: drupe oblong, 6 to 8 mm. long, the slender style disarticulating from its abruptly-pointed summit.—Valleys and bluffs from the Pecos westward. 4. BERCHEMIA Neck. (SUPPLE-JACK.) Twining shrub, with alternate slender-petioled conspicuously pin- nately-veined leaves, with minute flowers in rather loose panicles. 1. B. scandens Trelease. Glabrous throughout: leaves ample, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, ovate, acute, or acuminate, withslightly revolute undulate margins: drupe ellipsoidal, about 8 mm. long: style deciduous near the base. (B. volubilis DC.)—A species of the Southern States and extending into Texas, where its western limit is uncertain. 5. KARWINSKIA Zuce. (COYOTILLO.) Unarmed shrub, with mostly opposite pinnately-veined leaves, and small flowers in short peduncled axillary clusters. 1. K.Humboldtiana Zuce. Twigs more or less puberulent: leaves inconspicuously pellucid-punctate and sometimes dark-dotted, slender petioled, 2.5 to7.5 cm. long, elliptical-ovate, obtuse to acute or mucronate, rounded or sv beordate at base, entire or undulate, the conspicuous mostly simple veins ending in a marginal nerve: peduncle few-flowered : drupe ovoid, apiculate, 12 mm. long: style articulated near the top.— Common on the Pecos near its mouth and thence eastward to the coast. The leaves are beautifully pinnate-veined, and the brownish-black berries are said to be very poisonous. 6. RHAMNUS L. (BuUCKTHORN.) Shrubs or small trees (ours unarmed), with alternate or more or less opposite pinnately-veined leaves, and small flowers in sessile or short- peduneled axillary umbels, 60 * Flowers mostly dicecious, appearing with the leaves, 4-merous, without a common peduncle: leaves deciduous : carpels 2. 1. R. lanceolata Pursh. Tall shrub: branchlets puberulent or glabrate: leaves 2.5 to 7.5 em. long, short-petioled, golden-pubescent, upper surface at length glabrate, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, serrulate with incurved gland-tipped teeth: flowers 2 or 3 together in the lower axils. —A species of the Eastern States and extending into Texas, possibly not reaching our eastern limit. ** Flowers mostly perfect, appearing after the leaves, in usually peduncled umbels. + Leaves deciduous: flowers 5-merous: carpels 3. 2. R. Caroliniana Walt. Tall shrub or small tree, with more or less puberulent twigs: leaves 5 to 12.5 cm. long, on petioles 12 to 18 mm. long, elliptical-oblong to broadly elliptical,acute or acuminate, remotely and obscurely low-serrate or crenulate: peduncle mostly 6 to 8 mm. long.—A common buckthorn of the Atlantic and Gulf States, extending into Texas as far west as the Pecos. 3. R. Purshiana DC. Small tree with some pubescent twigs: leaves 5 to 15 cm. long, on short downy petioles, broadly elliptical, very obtuse to abruptly blunt- pointed, irregularly and closely serrulate or denticulate: peduncle mostly 8 to 30 mm. long.—A buckthorn of the Rocky Mountains found in the mountains of extreme western Texas. + + Leaves mostly evergreen: flowers 4 or 5-merous : carpels 2 or 3. 4. R. Californica Esch. Tall shrub, with more or less tomentose twigs: leaves 2.5 to 10 cm. long, on short petioles, mostly somewhat puberulent, elliptical-oblong or the smallest obovate, obtuse or acutish, the slightly revolute margin serrulate or dentica- late to nearly entire: peduncle mostly 4 to 16 mm. long. Var. TOMENTELLA Brewer & Watson is rather low and spreading, with leaves densely short-tomentose below.— In the mountains of extreme western Texas. 7. SAGBRETIA Brongn. Shrubs with rigidly spreading spiny twigs, mostly obliquely oppo- site pinnately-veined glossy leaves, and very small flowers scattered along slender loosely branched axillary and terminal spikes. 1. S. Wrightii Watson. Spreading shrub 6to 15 dm. high: leaves 6 to 16 mm. long, elliptical to obovate, cuneate, entire or serrulate: inflorescence small and in- conspicuous, the few axillary spikes seldom exceeding the leaves.—On Capote Creek, west of the Chenate Mountains, in extreme western Texas (Havard). 8. CBANOTHUS L. (New Jersny THA. RED-ROOT.) Shrubs or occasionally arborescent, spinose or unarmed, with alter- nate or opposite pinnately-veined or 3-nerved leaves, and small but showy white or blue flowers in often long peduncled and dense axillary or terminal clusters.—Flowers in our species are mostly white. * Leaves alternate and 3-nerved : fruit not crested. + Branches not rigidly divaricate or spiny : inflorescence thyrsoid : leaves usually large and serrate. 1. C. Americanus L. Low, 3to9 dm. high, more or less villous-pubescent: leaves thin, ovate or oblong-ovate, 3.5 to 6.5 em. long, on short petioles 4 to 12 mm. long: peduncles elongated —Thronghont the Atlantic States,and extending into Texas. 2 C. ovatus Desf. Like the last, but nearly glabrous or somewhat pubescent: leaves narrowly oval or elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long: peduncles usually short.—From the Colorado to the western border. 61 ~ + Branches mostly spinose: flowers in simple racemes : leaves rather small, somewhat coriaceous and entire. 3. C. Fendleri Gray. Silky pubescent: leaves narrowly oblong to elliptic, 8 to 24 mm. long, usually small, somewhat narrowed and cuneate at base, obtuse or acute above: flowers in short terminal racemes.—‘“ A very thorny and spreading bush in foothills beyond the Pecos ” (Havard). ** Leaves mostly opposite, 1-ribbed, with numerous straight parallel veins, very thiok and coriaceous, entire or spinosely-toothed : flowers in sessile or short-pedunculate axillary clusters : fruit with 3 horn-like or warty prominences below the summit. 4. C. Greggii Gray. Erect, 15 dm. high, tomentose: leaves olovate or oblong, rounded or retuse above, on rather slender petioles, entire or very rarely few-toothed : flowers white or occasionally blue, in rather loose clusters.—In the mountains west of the Pecos, 9. COLUBRINA Richard. Shrubs or trees with rigidly divaricate but scarcely spinose branches, alternate more or less 3-nerved leaves, and tomentose flowers in axillary umbel-like clusters. 1. C. Texensis Gray. Shrub as much as 45 dm. high: leaves usually less than 2.5 cm. long, puvescent or at length glabrate, elliptical to spatulate-obovate, glandu- lar denticulate: fruit 8mm. in diameter, short-beaked by the persistent style, on recurved pedicels.—From the Colorado to the Rio Grande and west to New Mexico. 10. ADOLPHIA Meisn. Small-leaved or nearly leafless shrubs, with opposite divaricate green branches articulated with the stem and ending in spines, and small flowers in sparse axillary clusters. 1. A. infesta Meisn. Mostly puberulent or villous, with often reflexed short hairs : leaves short-petioled, 2 to 10 mm. long, l-nerved, sublanceolate, entire or low serrate: fruit subglobose, crowned with a Leak 1 mm. long, formed by the persistent base of the style.—In the mountains west of the Pecos, and apparently very abundant along the Limpia. Dr. Havard speaks of it as a “ horridly spinose” plant. AMPELIDACEA. (VINE FAMILY.) Shrubs usually climbing by tendrils, with alternate palmately veined or compound leaves, tendrils and clusters of small greenish flowers opposite the leaves, a minute or truncated calyx, 4 or 5 very deciduous valvate petals, stamens a8 many and opposite them, and a 2-celled usually 4-seeded berry. * Ovary surrounded by a nectariferous or glanduliferous disk: plants climbing by the coiling of naked-tipped tendrils. 1, Vitis. Corolla caducous without expanding: hypogynous glands 5, alternate witb the stamens: fruit pulpy: leaves simple. co! 2. Cissus, Corolla expanding: disk cupular: berry with scanty pulp, inedible : leaves simple or pinnately compound. ; ** No distinct hypogynous disk: plants climbing by the adhesion of the dilated tips of the tendril-branches. 3. Ampelopsis. Corolla expanding: leaves digitate. 62 1. VITIS Tourn. (GRAPE.) Plants climbing by the coiling of naked-tipped tendrils, with simple rounded and heart-shaped leaves, a compound thyrsus of very fragrant flowers, small green petals which cohere at the top and fall off together without expanding, and a pulpy berry with pyriform seeds beak-like at base.—We have not attempted to follow Plancnon’s presentation of our grape-vines, but give that of Engelmann, from the Bushberg Catalogue of 1883. Our species are all true grape-vines, with loose shreddy bark, climbing by the aid of forked tendrils, or sometimes almost without tendrils. The seed characters are quite important. * Leaves pubescent or flocoose, especially on the under side and when young, often becoming glabrous with age. + Rhaphe on seed indistinct, 1. V. candicans Engelm. (MUSTANG GRAPE.) Tall climber, with rather large rounded almost toothless leaves, on young shoots usually deeply many-lobed, deep green above and white cottony beneath: berries large, greenish, claret, or bluish- black.—Along streams from the Colorado to the Rio Grande and west to the Pecos. Said to be the best of the wild grapes of Texas, maturing late in June. 2. V. monticola Buckley. (MOUNTAIN GRAPE.) Usually a small bushy vine, rarely climbing over high trees, with angled branchlets: young stems, petioles and leaves cottony, downy, the down gradually disappearing, remaining only here and there in floccose bunches: leaves deeply cordate, with a rounded sinus, very shortly 3-lobed, with small but broad teeth, older ones very smooth and often con- spicuously shining below, usually small, not more than 7.5 to 1U cm. across: bunches of fruit compact and short: berries 8 to 10 mm. in diameter. (V. estivalis, var. monticola Eng. V. Berlandiert Planchon.)—Peculiar to the hilly limestone region of western Texas, not extending to the low country nor to the granitic mountains. Common about Austin, New Braunfels, San Antonio, ete. 3. V. Arizonica Engelm. (ARIZONA GRAPE.) Closely related to the last, with angular branchlets: leaves cordate, with a rather open rcunded sinus, not lobed (or with 2 short latent lobes); when young, floccose, cottony; when older, glabrous, thick, very rigid and (especially upper surface) rough: berries small or middle- sized.—An Arizona species that extends into western Texas, being found in Gillespie County. Said to traii over rocks and bushes. + + Rhaphe on back of seed very conspicuous. ‘4, V. estivalis Michx. (SUMMER GRAPE.) Branchlets terete: leaves large, entire or more or less deeply and obtusely 3 to 5-lobed, with short broad teeth, very woolly and mostly red and rusty when young: berries middle-sized,; black with a bloom, in compact bunches.—A grape-vine of the Atlantic and Gulf States and extending into Texas to the Pecos. Usually on uplands in dry open woods or thickets. Abound- ing in the sandy post-oak woods of eastern Texas it is called “ post-oak grape” or ‘‘gand-grape.” Ripening in September. 5. V. cinerea Engelm. (Downy Grarz.) Branchlets angular: pubescence whitish or grayish, persistent: leaves entire or slightly :'-lobed: inflorescence large and loose: berries small, black without bloom. (V. estivalis, var? cinerea Eng. )—In rich bottom lands, eastern and southern Texas, from Arkansas to the Rio Grande, com- moner northward. ** Leaves glabrous, or sometimes short-hairy, especially the ribs beneath, mostly shining. 6. V. cordifolia Michx. (Frost or CHICKEN GRAPE.) Leaves 7.5 to 10 cm. wide, not lobed or slightly 3-lobed, cordate with a deep acute sinus, acuminate, coarsely and 63 sharply toothed; stipules sn.all: influrescence ample, loose: berries small, black and shining, very acid, ripening after frost: seeds 1 or 2, rather large, with a prominent rhaphe.—Thickets and stream-banks. A common grape of the Atlantic States, ex- tending into Texas at least as far west as Gillespie County. 7. V. riparia Miohx, (Riversipe @rapr.) Differing from the last in the larger and more persistent stipules (4 to 6 mm. loug), more shining and more usually 3-lobed leaves with a broad rounded or truncate sinns and large acute or acuminate teeth, smaller compact inflorescence, and berries (8 to 10 mm. broad) with a bloom, sweet and very juicy: seeds very small, with indistinct rhaphe.—Stream-banks or near water, common in most of the watered cafions of western Texas. Berries maturing in October. Also known as “‘arroyo grape.” 8. V. rupestris Scheele. (Rock, or SAND, OR SuGAR GRAPE.) Usually low and bushy, often without tendrils: leaves rather small, shining, broadly cordate, abruptly pointed, with broad coarse teeth, rarely slightly lobed: berries rather small, sweet, in very close bunches.—In the valley of Devil’s River and westward into the mountains west of the Pecos. Berries ripening in June. Also called “mountain grape.” 2. CISSUS L. Like the last, but petals expanding, leaves simple or pinnately com- pound, berries with scanty pulp and inedible, flowers in broad flat- topped clusters, and tendrils few and mostly in the inflorescence. 1. C. stans Pers. Nearly glabrous, bushy and rather upright: leaves twice pin- uate or ternate, the leaflets cut-toothed: flowers cymose: calyx 5-toothed: disk very thick, adherent to the ovary: berries black, obovate. (Vitis bipinnata Torr. & Gray.)—Rich soils, extending from the north to central and southern Texas, 2. C. incisa Desmoul. Glabrous, with climbing warty stem: leaves 3-foliolate, very thick and fleshy: the leaflets stalked, wedge-shaped and entire near the base, lateral ones 2-lobed, middle one 3-lobed, all mucronate-toothed or serrate: flowers cymose: berries purple, globose-ovate. (Vitis incisa Nutt.)—In shady places from the Colorado to the Rio Grande and westward. An ornamental vine, known as “ yerba del buey.” 3. C. Ampelopsis Pers. Nearly glabrous: leaves heart-shaped or truncate at the base, coarsely and sharply toothed, acuminate, not lobed: panicle small and loose: styleslender: berries bluish or greenish, 1 to 3-seeded, as large asa pea. (Vitis indivisa Willd.)—River-banks, extending from the Southern States to central and southern Texas. 3. AMPELOPSIS Michx. (VIRGINIAN CREEPER.) A woody vine climbing by tendrils that fix themselves to trunks or walls by dilated sucker-like disks at their tips, with digitate leaves, and cymose flower-clusters. 1. A. quinquefolia Michx. A common woody vine in low or rich ground, climb- ing extensively, sometimes by rootlets as well as by its disk-bearing tenérils: leaflets mostly 6 (3 to 7), oblong-lanceolate, sparingly serrate: berries small and blackish, ripening in late fall when the leaves turn a bright erimson.—Apparently throughout Texas. Also called “American ivy” and “ woodbine.” Blooming the middle or end of June. 2, A. heptaphylla Buckley is very much like the last, but the leaves are all 6 or 7-foliolate, the leaflets are smaller, subsessile, narrow and shining, few-toothed at apex, and the panicles are smaller, blooming at the end of April. (Vitis hepta- phylla Britton.)—Apparently throughout southern and western Texas. Usually con- sidered but a form of the last species. 64 SAPINDACEH. (SOAPBERRY FAMILY.) Trees, shrubs, or even herbs, mostly with compound or lobed leaves, usually with unsymmetr.cal or irregular flowers, and ovules few but seldom solitary.—An order witli such diverse characters as to be al- most impossible to define as a whole. The essential characters are given under the suborders. I. SaPINDEZ. Flowers polygamous, irregular or unsymmetrical (regular in Sa- pindus): stamens more numerous thau the petals, seldom twice as many: leaves alternate (opposite in Asculus). * Flowers irregular. + Shrubby or herbaceous climbers, with 4 petals and solitary ovules, 1. Urvillea. Fruit consisting of 3 indehiscent samaras (winged fruits) seed-bear- ing in the middle: leaves stipulate, 3-foliolate. 2. Serjania. Fruit consisting of 3 indehiscent samaras seed-bearing at apex: leaves without stipules, 3-foliolate or pinnate. 3. Cardiospermum. Fruit 3-lobed and inflated, membranaceous, dehiscent: leaves without stipules, twice ternate. / + + Trees or erect shrubs, with 4 or 5 petals, and 2 ovules in each cell. 4, ZEsculus. Calyx 5-lobed: petals not appendaged: ovary sessile: leaves oppo- site and digitate. 5. Ungnadia. Calyx 5-parted: petals fimbriate-crested: ovary stipitate: leaves alternate and pinnate. ** Flowers regular. 6. Sapindus. Calyx 5-parted: petals 5: ovary 3-lobed, but rip: nirg into a berry formed of a single globose carpel: leaves abruptly pinnate. II, ACERINEZ. Flowers polygamous or diwcious, regular, often without petals leaves opposite, without stipules: fiuit consisti: g of a double samara divai icately 2-winged above: mostly trees. 7. Acer. Leaves palmately lobed or rarely divided: flowers polygamous, 8. Negundo. Leaves pinnate: flowers diwcious, apetalous. III. StapHyLez. Flowers perfect and regular: fruit a pod, mostly several- seeded.—Here has been placed the following anomalous genus: 9. Glossopetalon. Lobes of the calyx and slender spreading petals 5: stamens 10: fruit a cartilaginous 1 or 2-seeded follicle: leaves alternate, simple and entire, with small adnate stipules. 1. URVILLEA HBK. Shrubby climbers, with alternate stipulate 3-foliolate leaves, entire or coarsely toothed leaflets, axillary racemes of small whitish flowers on more or less elongated peduncles which bear 2 coiled tendrils (cirrhi) at apex, and fruit consisting of 3 broadly winged membranaceous sa- maras which are seed-bearing in the middle. 1. U. Mexicana Gray. Somewhat tomentose : leaflets ovate, acute or acuminate, doubly serrate, somewhat incised, softly tomentose beneath, on margined petiolules: racemes elongated: scales of the petals very long barbate-ciliate at apex and hooded.—In Cameron and Hidalgo Counties and adjacent Mexico. 65 2. SERJANIA Plum. Shrubby climbers, with alternate exstipulate ternate or pinnate leaves, axillary racemes or panicles of small yellowish flowers often bicirrhose, and frait consisting of 3 broadly- winged membranaceous samaras, which are seed-bearing at apex. 1, S. incisa Torr. Leaves with two pairs of 3-foliolate pinne; leaflets ovate- rhomboidal, incised-serrate, pubescent on both sides, acute at each end, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long: flowers in racemiform panicles: fruit 3.5 em, long, at first pubescent, at length nearly smooth, the outline from obovate-oblong to cuneate, obtuse at base: seed- bearing portion reticulately veined: wings 6 to 10 mm. wide, rather obtuse at base.— Along the lower Rio Grande. This species has also been referred to the Mexican S. racemosa Schum. 2 2. S. brachycarpa Gray. Leaves biternate; terminal leaflets ovate lanceolate and attenuate into a petiole; laterals ovate and sessile, all mucronulate and with a few serrations, or teeth, more or less shortly hirsute above and softly (sometimes rusty) tomentose beneath, 1.5 to 3.5 om. long: flowers in a thyrsus: fruit much smaller, scarcely over 1 om. long, puberulent, the outline very shortly cordate-ovate with dilated base: seed-bearing portion lenticular, obscurely veined: wings about 3 mm. wide.—Near the coast, from Corpus Christi Bay southwards. 3. CARDIOSPERMUM L. (HEART-SEED. BALLOON-VINE.) Mostly an herbaceous climber, with alternate exstipulate twice ter- nate leaves, incised leaflets, axillary racemose-paniculate clusters of small white flowers, with the peduncle bicirrhose at apex, aud a mem- branaceous 3-lobed 3-celled inflated pod. 1. GC. Halicacabum L. (COMMON BALLOON-VINE.) Annual and nearly glabrous: leaflets ovate-lanceolate, incisely lobed aud toothed: fruit large, rouudish pear- shaped, 2.5 om. in diameter.—From the Guadalupe to the Rio Grande. 8, GC. molle L. Resembling the last, but the whole plant with soft pubescence, which is spreading on the stem and more or less appressed on the thicker coarsely and almost regularly serrate leaflets: fruit subglobose, pubescent.—A north Mexi- can species, found in the mountains west of the Pecos. 4. ZISCULUS L. (Horsg-cHESTNUT. BUCKEYE.) Trees or shrubs, with opposite digitate exstipulate leaves, serrate pin- nately veined leaflets, showy flowers in a large terminal thyrsus or panicle, a large leathery 3-valved pod, and seeds with a thick shining coat and large round sear. 1. Zl. flava Ait. (SwEsT BUCKEYE.) A large tree or shrub: leaflets 5 or 7, gla- brous or often minutely downy underneath: calyx oblong-campaunuiate : petals 4, conniving, the 2 upper smaller and longer than the others, with a small rounded blade on a very long claw: stamens included in the yellow corolla: fruit smooth.— Extending from the Atlantic States to the valley of the Brazos. Var. PURPURASCENS Gray has calyx and corolla tinged with flesh-color or dull-purple, and leaflets com- monly downy underneath.—Mostly an arborescent shrub, apparently not extending south or weat of the Guadalupe and its tributaries. 2, Zi. arguta Buckley. Shrub 9 to 15 dm. high: leaflets 7, narrowly lanceolate, mostly long acuminate, glabrous, sharply serrate, 5 to 10 om. long: stamens erect or slightly curved, much longer than the pale yellow corolla: flowers sometimes in 66 dense often in loose inflorescence: fruit covered with prickles when young.—In va- rious places in east and south Texas, such as Dallas, Larissa, and in Gillespie County (Jermy). Resembles very much a low shrubby form of 4. glabra. 5. UNGNADIA Endl. Shrub or small tree, with alternate odd-pinnate exstipulate leaves, 3 to 7 ovate-lanceolate acuminate pinnately-veined reticulated serrate leaflets, fascicles of rather large and showy rose-colored flowers appear- ing with the leaves from the axils of the preceding season, fimbriate- crested petals, a large coriaceous stipitate 3-lobed smooth pod, and large nearly spherical dark-brown smooth and shining seeds. 1. U. speciosa Endl. (MmxiIcaNn BucKEYE.)—A shrub or very small tree common along rocky valleys and in the mountains from the valley of the Trinity through western Texas to New Mexico. The seeds or ‘‘ beans” are in shape and size much like swall chestnuts and poisonous. 6. SAPINDUS Tourn. (SOAPBERRY.) Trees, with alternate abruptly pinnate exstipulate leaves, small and regular white or whitish flowers in axillary racemes or panicles, or even ample terminal compound panicles, and a berry-like fruit formed of a single carpel.—Sometimes 2 carpels ripen, and rarely all 3, when the fruit is 3-lobed. 1. S. marginatus Willd. Leaflets 9 10 18, opposite or alternate, ovate-lanceolate, unequal-sided, strongly veined above: panicles large and dense-flowered: fruit glo- bose.—Common along creeks throughout Texas, from Louisiana to New Mexico and Mexico, smaller west of the Colorado. A tree rarely 9m. high west of the Colorado, but reaching 15 to 18 m. in the river bottoms of eastern Texas. 7. ACER Tourn. (MAPLE.) Trees or shrubs, with opposite palmately lobed exstipulate leaves, small polygamous flowers in terminal racemes, umbel-like corymbs, or fascicles, 3 to 12 (usually 8) stamens, and a double samara divaricately 2-winged above.—The “sugar maple” (A. saccharinum Wang.) and the “red” or swamp maple” (A. rubrum L. and a var. Drummondii Sar- gent) occur in eastern Texas, but probably not within our eastern limit. 1, A. grandidentatum Nutt. Leaves cordate or truncate at base, rather deeply 3- lobed, with broad round sinuses, lobes rather acute, coarsely sinuate-dentate: the umbel-like corymb nearly sessile, few-flowered, the pedicels long and nodding.—A small maple of the Rocky Mountains, and found in Texas in the mountains west of the Pecos, 8. NEGUNDO Mench. Box-ELpER, Trees, with pinnate leaves, dicecious apetalous flowers, sterile ones on clustered capillary pedicels, fertile in drooping racemes, 4 or 5 sta- mens, and fruit as in Acer. 1. N. aceroides Mench. A small tree with light-green twigs and very delicate drooping clusters of small greenish flowers appearing rather earlier than the leaves: 67 leaves pinnate, of 3 or 5 leaflets whith are smoothish when old, very veiny, ovate, pointed, toothed: fruit smooth, with large rather inourved wings. —On streams east of the Pecos. 9. GLOSSOPETALON Gray. Low and rigid shrubs, with slender spinescent branches, small alter- nate simple and entire stipulate leaves, small. solitary white flowers terminating short axillary branches or spur-like fascicles, slender spreading petals, 8 or 10 stamens, and a cartilaginous 1 or 2-seeded follicle. 1, G. spinescens Gray. Smooth: leaves narrowly oval, separating in age from a dilated scale-like minutely 2-stipulate base: flowers 5-merous: stamens 10: follicle ovoid, oblique, acute, many-striate, opening down the ventral suture.—Mountains and rocky places near Ll Paso. ANACARDIACER. (CasHEw or SumAoH FAmILy.) Shrubs or trees, with alternate simple orcompound exstipulate leaves, small regular polygamous or dioscious flowers, stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, and a tree 1-celled l-ovuled ovary becoming a dry drupaceous fruit. 1. Pistacia. Small trees: petals none: stamens 5: leaves pinnate. 2. Rhus. Shrubs or small trees: petals 4 to 9 (usually 5): stameus as many or twice as many: leaves simple or pinnate. 1. PISTACIA L. Small tree, with pinnate leaves, dicecious flowers, no petals, 5 stamens, and a dry somewhat compressed drupe. 1. P. Mexicana HBK. Leaflets 5 to 10 pairs, on a somewhat winged rhachis oblong-obovate or cuneate, glabrate, 12 mm. long: flowers in axillary or paniculate spikes: fruit smooth, 4 mm. in diameter.—A small Mexican tree, with an edible nut, said to occur near the mouth of the Pecos. 2. RHUS L. (SuMac#.) Shrubs or small trees, with simple or pinnate leaves, small flowers in axillary and terminal bracteate panicles or sometimes in racemes or spikes, 4 to 9 (usually 5) sepals and petals, stamens as many or twice as many, and fruit a small dry drupe. * Fruit symmetrical, with the styles terminal. + Flowers in a terminal thyrsoid-panicle : fruit globular, clothed with acid crimson hairs: stone smooth : leaves odd-pinnate, 1. R. copallina L. (Dwarr sumacu.) Shrub 24 to 36 dm. high: branches and stalks downy: petioles wing-margined between the 9 to 21 oblong or ovate-lanceo- late (often entire) leaflets, which are oblique or unequal at base, smooth and shin- ing above.—A sumach of the Atl antio States, extending through eastern and southern Texas to the Rio Grande. Var. LeucantHa DC. has lanceolate leaves and white flowers. Var. LANCEOLATA Gray, the more common form of southern and western Texas, has lanceolate subfalcate often elongated very entire or subserrate leaves, and yellow flowers. 68 - + Flowers in loose and slender axillary panicles: fruit globular, glabrous, whitish or dun-colored : stone striate: leaves 3-foliolate, thin: poisonous. 2. R. Toxicodendron L. (POISON Ivy. POISON oak.) Climbing by rootlets over rocks, etc., or ascending trees, or sometimes low and erect: the 3 leaflets rhombic-ovate, mostly pointed, rather downy beneath, variously notched, sinuate, or cut-lobed.—A species of the Atlantic States, very common on al) the streams of southern and western Texas. + + + Flowers usually in small solitary or clustered apikes or heads which develop in spring before the leaves: leaves 3-foliolate or pinnate: fruit as under +. 3. R. Canadensis Marsh. A straggling bush: leaves soft-pubescent when young, becoming glabrate, 3-foliolate; leatlets rhombic-obovate or ovate, unequally cut- toothed, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, the terminal one cuneate at base and somctimes 3- cleft: flowers pale yellow. (R. aromatica Ait.)—A common eastern species extend- ing into Texas, but more abundantly represented throughout the State by var. TRILOBATA Gray, which has smaller leaflets, 12 to 25 mm. long, crenately few-lobed or incised toward the summit. 4, R. microphylla Engelm. A large shrub, with numerous small warty branch- lets: leaves odd-pinnate with 7 to 9 leaflets and a winged rhachis; leaflets sessile, small, 6 to 8 mm. long, oval, obtuse or mucronate, very entire or indistinctly crenu- late: flowers in scaly spikes 3-bracteolate at base.—Abundant on bluffs and slopes between the Colorado and the Rio Grande. 5. R. virens Lindh. Leaves evergreen, odd-pinnate with 7 to 9 leaflets and a naked rhachis; leaflets ovate or oblong, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, very entire, thick and rigidly coriaceous, shining above, pale or minutely tomentulose under a lens beneath, 2.5 cm. or more long: flowers in axillary or apparently terminal rather open panicles, the fruit clusters more evidently axillary and spicate-racemose.—From the Colorado to the Rio Grande and westward. The leaves, mixed with tobacco, are smoked by Mexicans and Indians. ** Ovary becoming very gibbous in fruit, with the remains of the style lateral: flowers in loose ample panicles, the pedicels elongating and becoming plumose : leaves simple, entire. 6. R. cotinoides Nutt. A tree 9 to 12 m. high, glabrous or nearly so: leaves thin, oval, 7.5 to 15 em. long. —A sumach of the Indian Territory, but collected by Rever- chon in Bandera County. LEGUMINOSZ. (PULSE FAMILY.) Plants with alternate stipulate usually compound leaves, papilio- naceous or sometimes regular flowers, 10 (rarely 5 or many) monadel- phous, diadelphous, or rarely distinct stamens, and a single simple free pistil becoming a legume in fruit.—A very large order, well represented in Texas, and divided into the three following suborders: I. PaPILionaceg#. Leaves simple or simply compound, leaflets almost always entire, flowers perfect, solitary and axillary, or in spikes, racemes, or panicles, calyx of 5 sepals more or less united (often unequally so), corolla of 5 irregular petals (rarely fewer), more or less papilionacevus, i. e., with the upper petal (standard) largest and inclosing the others in bud, usually turned backward or spreading, the two lateral ones (wings) oblique and exterior to the two lower, which last are connivent or coherent by their auterior edges and form the keel which usually incloses the stamens and pistil. A. Stamens 10 and distinct. 1. Baptisia. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate: calyx 4 or 5-lobed: pod inflated. 2. Sophora. Leaves pinnate: calyx-teeth short: pod terete, necklace shaped (moniliform), 69 B. Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous (9 and 1, rarely 5 and 5), nearly distinct in Amorpha. * Anthers of two forms: stamens monadelphous: leaves digitate and leaflets entire. 3. Crotalaria. Calyx 5-lobed: pod inflated: leaves 3-foliolate or simple: flowers yellow. 4. Lupinus. ‘Calyx deeply 2-lipped: pod flat: leaves 5 or 7-foliolate: flowers blue or purple. **Anthers uniform (except in Psoralea and Zornia). + Leaves palmately or pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets denticulate or serrulate: sta- mens diadelphous: pods small, 1 to few-seeded, often inclosed in the calyx or curved or coiled. 5. Medicago. Flowersracemed or spiked: pods curved or coiled, 1 to few-seeded. 6. Melilotus. Flowers racemed: pods coriaceous, wrinkled, 1 or 2-seeded. 7. Trifolium. Flowers capitate: pods membranaceous, 1 to 6-seeded: petals ad-- herent to the stamen-tube. ‘ + + Leaves unequally pinnate (or palmate in Psoralea and some Daleas): pod not jointed: not twining or climbing (except Wistaria). + Flowers solitary or few on axillary peduncles. 8. Hosackia. Leaves 1 to 5-foliolate: peduncle leafy-bracteate: pod linear. 4+ ++ Flowers in spikes, racemes, or heads. = Herbage glandular-dotted: stamens mostly monadelphous: pod small, indehis- cent, mostly 1-seeded. 9. Psoralea. Corolla truly papilionaceous: stamens 10, half of the anthers often smaller or less perfect: leaves mostly palmately 3 to 5-foliolate. 10. Bysenhardtia. Corolla scarcely at all papilionaceons, petals all free and of nearly equal length: stamens 10, diadelphous (9 and 1): pod more or less falcate. 11. Amorpha. Corolla of one petal: stamens 10, monadelphous at base. 12. Dalea. Corolla imperfectly papilionaceous: stamens 9 or 10, the cleft tube of filaments bearing 4 of the petals about its middle. 13. Petalostemon. Corolla scarcely at all papilionaceous: stamens 5, the cleft tube of filaments bearing 4 of the petals on its summit. = = Herbage not glandular-dotted (except in Glycyrrhiza): stamens mostly dia- delphous: pod 2-valved, several-seeded: flowers racemose. a. Hoary perennial herbs: wings cohering with the keel: pod flat or 4-angled. 14. Tephrosia. Standard broad: pod flat: leaflets veiny. 15. Indigofera. Calyx and standard small: pod more or less 4-angled: leaflets obscurely veined. b. Trees, shrubs, or woody twiners: wings free; standard broad. 16. Brongniartia. Erect shrubs, with numerous smail leaflets and herbaceous stipules but uo stipels; flowers solitary and axillary: pod flat. 17. Peteria. Shrubby and rigid branching, with numerous very minute leaflets and small spiny stipules but no stipels: racemes terminal or opposite the leaves : od flat. ; ; ‘ 18, Robinia. Trees or shrubs: leaflets stipellate: pod flat, thin, margined on one edge. ; : 19. Coursetia. Trees or shrubs: leaflets obscurely stipellate: pod linear, flat, not margined. 20, Wistaria. Woody twiners: leaflets obscurely stipellate: pod swollen, mar- ginless. c. Smooth herbs or shrubby : standard broad, spreading or reflexed: pod flat, 4- angled, or 4-winged. 70 21. Sesbania. Leaflets with or without stipels: flowers in axillary loose racemes: pod usually stipitate. d. Perennial herbs: standard narrow and erect: pod turgid or inflated. 22. Astragalus. Keel not tipped with a point or sharp appendage: pod with one or both the sutures turned in, sometimes dividing the cell lengthwise into two. 23. Oxytropis. Keel tipped with an erect point: otherwise as Astragalus. 24. Glycyrrhiza. Flowers, etc., of Astragalus: anther-cells confluent: pod prickly or muricate, short, nearly indehiscent. | + + + Herbs with pinnately 1 to 3-foliolate leaves (digitately 2 or 4-foliolate in Zor- nia): no tendrils: pod transversely 2 to several-jointed, the reticulated 1-seeded joints indehiscent, or sometimes reduced to one such joint. 25. Zornia. Leaves digitately 2 to 4-foliolate: flowers yellow: stamens monadel- phous, anthers of 2 sorts: pod 2 to 5-jointed. 26. Desmodium. Flowers white or purplish: stamens diadelphous (9 and 1) or monadelphous below, anthers uniform > leaflets stipellate: pod several-jointed. 27. Lespedeza. Flowers white or purplish: stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), an- thers uniform: leaflets not stipellate: pod 1 (rarely 2)-jointed. ++++ Herbs with abruptly pinnate leaves terminated by a tendril or bristle: sta- mens diadelphous: pod continuous, 2-valved, few to several-seeded. 28. Vicia. Wings adherent to the keel: style filiform, bearded with a tuft or ring of hairs at the apex. 29. Lathyrus. Wingsnearly free: style somewhat dilated and flattened upwards, bearded down the inner face. ++++-+ Twining or trailing herbs: leaves pinnately 3 (rarely 1, or 5 to 7)-foliolate: no tendrils: peduncles or flowers axillary: pod not jointed, 2-valved. + Leaves 3 to 7-foliolate: flowers brown-purple. 30. Apios. Herbaceous twiner: keel slender and much incurved or coiled. ++ ++ Leaves usually 3-foliolate: flowers not yellow. 31. Centrosema. Calyx short, 5-cleft: standard with a spur at the base: keel broad and merely incurved: style minutely bearded next the stigma. 32, Clitoria. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed: standard erect and spurless: keel scythe- shaped: style bearded down the inner face. 33. Cologania. Calyx tubular, 4-toothed: pod stipitate: style beardless: bracts prominent and persistent. 34. Galactia. Calyx 4-cleft, the upper lobe broadest and entire: pod subsessile: style beardless: bracts minute and deciduous. 35, Phaseolus. Calyx 5-toothed or cleft: keel strungly incurved or coiled ; stand- ard recurved spreading: style bearded lengthwise. ++ ++ ++ Leaves 1 to 3-foliolate: flowers yellow. 36. Vigna. Calyx 4-toothed: keel straight: style bearded above: pod terete and torulose, several-seeded. 37. Rhynchosia, Calyx 4or5-parted: keel scythe-shaped or incurved: style beard- less: pod short and flat, 1 or 2-seeded. ; II. CHSaLPInizE#. Corolla imperfectly or not at all papilionaceous, sometimes nearly regular, the upper petal inclosed by the others in bud: stamens 10 or fewer, cowmonly distinct, inserted on the calyx. * Flowers imperfectly papilionaceous, perfect: trees. 38. Cercis. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed: pod flat, wing-margined: leaves simple. ** Flowers not at all papilionaceous, perfect : calyx 5-parted. + Herbs (occasionally shrubby). 39. Cassia. Leaves simply and abruptly pinnate, not glandular-punctate, 2 71 40. Hoffmansegeia. Leaves bipinnate, with or without black glands, ++ Shrubs or trees with twice pinnate leaves. 41. Parkinsonia. Somewhat spinescent shrubs or trees: sepals equal and mostly valvate: pod short-stipitate : lcaflets small. 42. Ceesalpinia. A prickly shrub: sepals unequal and imbricate: pod sessile: leaflets larger. *** Flowers inconspicuous and not at all papilionaceous, polygamous: trees, 43. Gleditschia. Thorny, with leaves simply and doubly pinnate: calyx-tube short, its lobes, petals, and the stamens 3 fo 5. III. Mimosgat, Flower regular, small: corolla valvate in bud, often united into a 4 or 5-lobed cup: stamens exserted, often very numerous: leaves twice pinnate. * Stamens 10 or 5, distinot. + Flowers 5-merous: anthers crowned with a deciduons gland. 44. Prosopis. Trees or shrubs, mostly spiny: pod linear, straight or variously curved, partitioned between the seeds and indehiscent: flowers greenish and mostly in axillary cylindrical spikes. ; 45. Neptunia. Prostrate or aquatic herbs (or more or less woody): pod obliquely oblong, deflexed from the stipe, 2-valved: flowers yellow and in globose heads. +~+ Flowers 4 or 5-merous: calyx sometimes pappiform or wanting: anthers not * gland-bearing. 46. Desmanthus, Herbs or shrubby: flowers in globose heads: pod linear, straight or curved, acute, flat, membrano-coriaceous, 2-valved. 47. Mimosa. Herbs, shrubs, or trees: flowers in globose heads or cylindrical spikes: valves of the pod entire or jointed, separating from and broader than the persistent partition. 48. Schrankia. Herbs or shrubby: flowers in globose heads or cylindrical spikes: valves of the somewhat 4-sided pod entire, separating from and usually narrower than the persistent partition. . 49. Leuceena. Treesor shrubs: flowers in globose heads: pod broadly linear, flat, membrano-coriaceous, 2-valved. ** Stamens usually very numerous, . + Flowers 4 or 5-merous (rarely 3 or 6-merous): stamens distinct. 50. Acacia. Trees or shrubs: flowers in globose heads or cylindrical spikes: pod straight or curved, thin or thick, flat or terete, 2-valved or indehiscent. ++ Flowers 5-merous: stamens monadelphous. 51. Calliandra. Very low shrubs or herbaceous: flowers in globose heads: pod straight or slightly curved, the valves in dehiscing elastically revolute from apex to base. 52, Pithecolobium. Trees or shrubs: flowers in globose heads or loose spikes: pod straightish or variously curved or contorted, the valves often twisted in dehis- cing, but not elastically revolute. L BAPTISIA Vent. (FALSE INDIGO.) Perennial herbs, with palmately 3-foliolate leaves, racemes of showy flowers, 10 distinct stamens, and an inflated many-seeded roundish or oblong pod stalked in the persistent calyx. 1. B. leucophea Nutt. Hairy, about 3 dm. high, with divergent branches: leaf- leta narrowly oblong-obovate or spatulate; stipules and bracts large and leafy, per- sistent: Mowers cream-color, on elongated pedicels in long reclined racemes. pod pointed at both ends, hoary.—Northern and central Texas. 2. B. sphzerocarpa Nutt. Glabrous, 6 to 9 dm, high, with erect branches : leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse (minutely pubescent when young); stipules and bracts mi- 72 oute or almost none: flowers deep yellow, in elongated spicate racemes: pod subglo- bose or oval, glabrous.—Extending from Arkansas and Indian Territory into north- ern and eastern Texas. 2. SOPHORA L. Trees, shrubs or herbs, with unequally pinnate leaves, small or obso- lete stipules, terminal or axillary racemes, 10 distinct stamens, and a terete (or somewhat compressed) thick or coriaceous mostly indehis- cent several-seeded stipitate necklace-like (constricted between the seeds) pod. * Herbaceous perennial, 1. S. sericea Nutt. Silky-canescent, erect, 30 cm. high or less: leaves with subn- late stipules and numerous small oblong-obovate leaflets 6 to 12 mm. long: flowers white: pods few-seeded.—Only recorded west of the Pecos, but doubtless in north- western Texas as well. ** Shrubs or trees. 2. S. tomentosa L. Shrub 12 to 18 dm. high, hoary-tomentose: leaflets 11 to 17, oblong, coriaceous, becoming smooth above: showy yellow flowers in elongated ra- cemes: calyx minutely 5-toothed: pod 10 to 15 cm. long, glabrate.—A species of the West Indies and Florida found in the vicinity of Brazos Santiago. 3. S. affinis Torr. and Gray. A small tree, 3 to 6 m. high, nearly glabrous: leaf- lets 13 to 15, elliptical, retuse or very obtuse, mucronulate, less than 2.5 cm. long, nearly the same color both sides: flowers in simple axillary racemes: calyx very short, campanulate, abruptly attenuate at base, obscurely 5-toothed: pod somewhat pubescent.—Extending from Arkansas into Texas as tar south as the valley of the San Antonio and west as far as the upper Colorado. 4, S. secundiflora Lag. (FRIJOLILI.O, CORAL BEAN.) A stout shrub or small tree, with deep green leaves of about 9 elliptical-oblong obtuse coriaceous leaflets, termi- nal racemes of showy violet fragrant flowers, and large woody pods 5 to 10 em. long, containing 3 or 4 round red beans as large as small marbles and very poisunous.— Common from the Gulf coast to the Pecos and less abundant in mountain cafions to New Mexico. It is mostly shrubby, but becomes a tree 30 feet high and forms groves in the vicinity of Matagorda Bay. The beans are sometimes used by the Indiany as an intoxicant. The flowers are variously described as ‘‘sweet-scented, exhaliny {he odor of violets,” and as “ giving off a strong, nauseating, and very offensive smell.” 3. CROTALARIA L. (RATTLE-BOX.) Annuals, with simple or 3-foliolate leaves, racemes of yellow flowers opposite the leaves, a 5-cleft (scarcely 2-lipped) calyx, a large heart- shaped standard, monadelplous stamens with 5 of the anthers smaller and roundish, and an inflated pod. * Leaves simple and scarcely petioled. 1. C. sagittalis L. Hairy, 7.5 to 15 cm. high: leaves oval or oblong-lanceolate ; stipules united and decnrrent on the stem, so as to be inversely arrow-shaped: pe- duncles few-flowered: corolla not longer than the calyx : pod blackish.—The common ‘‘rattle-box ” of sandy soils in the Atlantic and southwestern States, and also found in Mexico, hence presumably of more or less abundant occurrence in Texas. * * Leaves 3-foliolate and long-petioled : corolla comparatively large: keel with a con- spicuous horizontal beak. 2. C. lupulina DC. Glabrous or nearly so, diffuse: leaflets ovate, oblanceolate, or obcordate ; stipules minute, deciduous: racemes few- flowered : pod short, oblong, sessile, puberulent, 12 to 16 mm. long.—Along the seuthern boundary of Texas, from Brazos Santiago to El Paso. 13 8. C. incana L. Pubescent, more erect and usually much larger and somewhat woody: leaflets obovate or oval, hairy beneath or glabrate; stipules minute, de- ciduous: racemes few to many-flowered: pod subsessile, oblong, pendulous, pilose with spreading hairs, 24 to 36 mm. long.—A Mexican and West Indian species, found by Nealley in the vicinity of Brazos Santiago. The Texan specimens are low and with very villous-hirsute stems. 4. LUPINUS L. (LuPine.) Herbaceous annuals or perennials, with palmately 1 to 16 (5 or 7 in ours)-foliolate leaves, racemes of blue or purple flowers, a deeply 2-lipped calyx, a broad standard with sides reflexed, monadelphous stamens with dissimilar anthers, and a flat coriaceous pod. 1. L. subcarnosus Hook. Rather stout, 3 dm. high, silky-pubescent: leaflets 5, cuneate-obovate, acute or rounded or retuse at apex, usually glabrous above, 2 to3.5 em. long, the petioles 2 to 3 times longer: racemes 5 to 7.5 cm. long, with scattered flowers, elongating in fruit: petals blue, 8 to 10 mm. long, the standard with a white or yellow center: pod3.5 cm. long, 4 to 6-seeded. (Including L. Texensis Hook.)—The common lupine of southern and western Texas, ‘‘covering fertile slopes with a carpet of purple blue” (Havard), as early as March. 2. L. Havardi Watson. Apparently perennial, the herbaceous stems 3 to 4.5 dm, high, leafy, at length branched, loosely appressed silky-villous throughout: leaflets 7, oblanceolate, glabrous above, 8 to20 mm. long, short-petioled: racemes elongated : petals purple, with a light spot on the standard, 12 mm. long: pod narrowly linear, 2.5 to 3.5 om. long, 6 to 3-seeded.—Hills near Presidio, western Texas. 5. MBDICAGO Tourn. (MEDICK.) Annual or perennial herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, toothed leaflets, small flowers in spike-like racemes, and curved or coiled 1 to few-seeded pods. 1. M.sativa L. (Lucerne. Atrarra.) Upright and smooth perennial: leaflets obovate-oblong: flowers purple, racemed : pod spirally twisted.—An extensively cul- tivated forage plant, which has long been an introduced plant in southern and west- ern Texas. 2, M. maculata Willd. (Sporrep MEDICK.) Spreading or procumbent annual, somewhat pubescent: leaflets obcordate, with a purple spot, minutely toothed: pe- duncles 3 to 5-flowered : flowers yellow: pod compactly spiral, of 2 or 3 turns, com- pressed, furrowed on the thick edge and fringed with a double row ofcurved prickles. — Said to be introduced in the San Antonio Valley. 3. M. denticulata Willd. Nearly glabrous: pod loosely spiral, deeply reticulated, and with a thin-keeled edge, otherwise like the last.—Naturalized in western Texas. 6. MELILOTUS Tourn. (MELILOT. SWEET CLOVER.) Annual or biennial herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, usually serrulate leaflets, small yellow or white flowers in slender axillary pe- duneulate racemes, and an ovoid coriaceous wrinkled pod which is 1 or 9.seeded and scarcely dehiscent. 1, M. Indica All. Smooth and erect, often 6 to 9 dm. high, branching: ieaflets w, obtuse, dentioulate, 2.5 om. or less long: flowers yellow, 2mm. mostly cuneate-oblon: long, nearly sessile. (4f., parviflora Dest.)—Naturalized along the southern border of Texas. 2816—02-—6 74 2. M. alba Lam. Leaflets truncate: corolla white, the standard longer than the other petals.—Commonly introduced in the Atlantic States in waste or cultivated grounds, and reported from Gillespie County; doubtless aisewhere in the State. 7. TRIFOLIUM L. (CLOVER.) Tufted or diffuse herbs, with palmately (or sometimes pinnately) 3- foliolate leaves, toothed leaflets, stipules united with the petiole, flowers in heads or spikes, a persistent caiyx with bristle-form teeth, and small membranous indehiscent pods often included{in the calyx.—The common “red clover” (7. pratense L.) of cultivation, and the “white clover” (7. repens L.), which seems to be introduced almost everywhere, may both be found wild in Texas, and hardly need any description for recognition. * Perennial or biennial: heads not involucrate, terminal. 1. T. reflexum L. (BUFFALO CLOVER.) Stems ascending, downy, not stolonifer- ous: leaflets obovate to cuneate-oblong, finely toothed: flowers large, on slender ped- icels, umbellate on the summit of the peduncle, reflexed when old: standard rose- red, wings and keel whitish: pod stipitate, 3 to 5-seeded.—The common ‘buffalo clover” of the Atlantic States and extending into Texas, where its western limit is unrecorded. ** Low decumbent annuals: heads not involucrate, axillary and small: flowers at length reflexed: leaflets obcordate or obovate. 2, T. Carolinianum Michx. More or less pubescent: corolla 4 mm. long, purplish, scarcely exceeding the green subulate calyx-teeth.—An eastern species extending into Texas. 3. T. amphianthum Torr. and Gray. Stoloniferous, very slender, nearly glabrous: flowers few, 8mm. long: calyx-teeth slender, much shorter, equaling the tube: small solitary fertile flowers often borne underground.—Extending from Louisiana into Texas, with an unrecorded western limit. Collected in Gonzales County (Chrisman). 4, T. Bejariense Moric. Slightly hairy: calyx herbaceous, unequally lobed, nearly equaling the corolla; upper tooth nearly distinct, narrow; the rest broad, acute, retic- ulated: standard and wings broad, toothed, 6 mm. long.—The most common clover of southern and western Texas. *** Slender annuals: axillary heads subtended by a gamophyllous deeply lobed involucre: flowers not reflexed. 5. T. involucratum Willd. Glabrous: leaflets mostly oblanceolate and acute at each end: involucral lobes laciniately and sharply toothed: flowers 12 mm. long, in close heads: calyx-teeth thin, long and narrow, entire.—A common species from British America to Mexico and doubtless occurring in western Texas, 8. HOSACKIA Dongl. Herbaceous or rarely somewhat woody plants, with pinnately 1 to 5- foliolate leaves, usually minute and gland-like stipules, yellow or reddish flowers solitary or few in pedunculate umbels, and a linear flat or some- what terete sessile several-seeded pod. 1, H. rigida Benth. More or less appressed silky-pubescent: leaflets 3 to 5, from obovate or oblong to narrowly linear, 6 to 16 mm. long: peduncles short or long 1 to 5-flowered, with a sessile 1 to 3-foliolate bract or naked: flowers 12 mm. long, gellaw “turning to brown: calyx-teeth equaling the tube or shorter: pod 2.5 cm. lone, rather broad, pubescent. (Incl. H. puberula Benth. and H. Wrightii Gray.)—In the mountains west of the Pecos 15 2. H. Purshiana Benth. More or joss silky-villous or sometimes glabrous: leaflets 1 to 3, from ovato to lanceolate, 6 to 18 mm. long: peduncles 1-flowered, usually ex- ceeding the leaves and mostly bracteate with a single leaflet: flowers 4 to 6 mm. long: calyx-teeth linear, much longer than the tube, about equaling the corolla which scarcely exceeds the calyx: pod about 2.5 om. long, narrow, linear, glabrous.—A very common western species, reported from Gillespie County, and doubtless abundant enough in northern and western Texas. 9. PSORALEA L. Perennial herbs, usually sprinkled all over or roughened (especially the calyx, pods, ete.) with glandular dots or points, mostly palmately 3 to 5-foliolate leaves, blue-purplish or white flowers in spikes or racemes, diadelphous or monadelphous stamens with half the anthers often smaller or less perfect, and a small thick often wrinkled indehiscent 1- seeded pod * Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate. 1. P. rhombifolia Torr. and Gray. Sparingly pubescent: leaflets rhombic-ovate, 12 to 18 mm. long, sborter than the petiole, dotted with scarcely visible glands: pe- duncles longer than the leaves, at length recurved, having a few-flowered capitate spike: bracts ovate, acuminate: calyx hirsute, with lanceolate teeth: corolla pur- plish, small.—In eastern Texas, and extending as far west as Gillespie County and up the Rio Grande to Eagle Pass. ** Leaves palmately 3 to 5-foliolate: roots not tuberous: flowers in loose racemes. 2. P. tenuiflora Pursh. Slender, erect, much branched and bushy, 6 to 12 dm. high, minutely hoary-pubescent wheu young: leaflets 3 to 5, varying from linear to obovate-oblong, 12 to 36 mm. long, glandular-dotted: flowers 4 to 6 mm. long: lobes of the calyx and bracts ovate, acute: pod glandular. (P. floribunda Nutt.)—Through- out western Texas, and abandant on the ‘‘Staked Plains.” 3. P. linearifolia Torr. & Gray. Tall and slender, divaricately branched, slightly pubescent with appressed hairs: leaflets 3, narrowly linear, elongated, mucronate, the upper surface dotted with black glands, lower surface scarcely dotted, 5 to 7.5 om. long and 2 to 4 nm. wide; stipules minute, subulate, deciduous: racemes few- flowered, much longer than the leaves: calyx-lobes and bracts lanceolate.—A species of Arkansas and eastern Texas, possibly not within our range, but represented by var. ROBUSTA Coulter, in which the whole plant is more robust: leaves linear.oblong (4 to 6 om. long and 5 to 6 mm. wide) and thickly black-dotted above and below: flow- ers mostly in clusters of 3, distant along the rhachis.—Collected in Donley County, northwestern Texas, by Nealley. *** Leaves palmately 2 to 5-foliolate: roots tuberous : flowers in dense spike-like racemes. 4. P. esculenta Pursh. Roughish hairy all over: stem stout, 12 to 40 cm. high, erect from a tuberous or turnip-shaped farinaceous root: leaflets obovate or lance- olate-oblong: spikes oblong, long-peduncled: calyx-lobes and bracts lanceolate, nearly equaling the corolla which is 12 mm. long.—Extending from the northern prairie States to the Brazos and the high plains of western Texas and the upper Rio Grande. The ‘‘pomme blanche ” or ‘‘ pomme de prairie” of the voyageurs. 5. P. hypogeea Nutt. Tuber small: nearly acaulescent, hoary with appressed hairs: leaflets linear: spikes short-capitate, on peduncles 1 to 5 em. long: calyx narrow, 6 to 12 mm. long.—Stony blutis of southern and western Texas. ; 6. P. cuspidata Pursh. Stout and tall, from a deep-seated tuber, hoary with ap- pressed hairs: leaflets usually broadly oblanceolate, obtuse : flowers large, the petals 12 to 16 mm. long, exceeding the lanceolate-lobed calyx.—South te the San Antonio and west to the Pecos. 76 7. P. cyphocalyx Gray. Simple or sparingly paniculate at summit, 6 to9 dm high, strigulose-subcinereous, the caudex dilated below the summit into a large globular tuber: leaflets 3 to 5, linear, the larger 7.5 cm. long, the lower petioles nearly as long; stipules snbulate: racemes rather long-peduncled, with many- flowered approximate fascicles: bracts ovate, acuminate: calyx-tube very one- sided, the upper side being strongly gibbous-saccate, the lobes lanceolate and acumi- nate.—Rocky prairies between the Colorado (above Austin) and the Rio Grande (below the Pecos). 8. P. Reverchoni Watson. Tall and branching, 6 dm. high, canescent with short appressed pubescence: leaflets 2 to 5, linear-oblong, acute at each end, 12 to 24 mm, long; stipules usually equaling the petiole, 2 to6 mm. long: flowers few, in short close racemes: bracts very broadly ovate and concave, abruptly acuminate: calyx 8mm. long, nearly equaling the petals: the long-acuminate lobes exceeding the tube.—Rocky prairies in Hood and Johnson Counties. 10. EYSENHARDTIA HBK. Shrubs or small trees, glandular-punctate, with odd-pinnate leaves, numerous small stipellate leaflets, small white flowers in terminal more or less densely spicate racemes, corolla hardly at all papilionaceous, 10 diadelphous stamens, and a more or less falcate pod. 1. EB. amorphoides HBK. Shrub 12 to 21 dm. high, more or less pubescent: leaf- lets 5 to 14 (usually 10) pairs, oblong, very obtuse or retuse, about 5mm. long: style with a large oval gland at apex: pod 6 to 8 mm. long, erect and curved.—Through- out southero and western Texas south of the Colorado. 2, B. orthocarpa Watson. A tree 30 to 45 dm. high, distinguished from the last by the more numerous leaflets (10 to 23 pairs), which are also larger, 10 to 16 mm. long, and by the larger pods, 10 to 16 mm. long, which are straight and pendent.— Extending from Mexico and New Mexico into the mountains west of the Pecos, 11. AMORPHA L. (FALSE INDIGO.) Shrubs with odd-pinnate leaves, dotted and usually stipellate leaf- lets, violet or purple flowers crowded in clustered terminal spikes, co- rolla of a single petal (the standard) which is wrapped around the stamens and style, 10 stamens monadelphous at base, and oblong roughened 1 or 2-seeded pod exceeding the calyx. 1. A. fruticosa L. Pubescent or nearly glabrous: leaflets 8 to 12 pairs, oblong to broadly elliptical, scattered: calyx somewhat pubescent, the lower tooth acuminate and longest, the others commonty obtuse: standard purple, deeply emarginate: pod 2-seeded.—River banka, apparently throughout Texas. A tall shrab, sometimes ar- borescent, and very variable. 2. A. levigata Nutt. Glabrous and very smooth: leaves large, the leaflets large, distant, elliptical-oblong, very obtuse, attenuated below: flowers in long (20 to 25 cm.) clustered spikes: calyx very glandular, nearly glabrons except the margin, the 3 lower teeth longer and acuminate, the others acute: standard deep blue: pod 1-seeded.—Ixtending from Arkansas into Texas as far as the San Antonio. 3. A. paniculata Torr. & Gray. Whole plant cauescently tomentose except the upper leaf-surface, which is nearly glabrous and shining: leaves 20 to 30 cm. long or more; the leaflets 7 or 8 pairs, elliptical-oblong, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, very obtuse, often retuse at each end: spikes numerous, virgate, in a large nearly naked exserted branching panicle: calyx tomentose and glandular, the 3 lower teeth longer and triangnlar-snbulate: standard purple, broaAly cunciform.—On the Rio Grande in extreme western Texas. TT 12. DALEA L. Glandular-punctate herbs or shrubs, with odd-pinnate (rarely-pal- mate) leaves, small entire leaflets, flowers in terminal pedunculate spikes, 9 or 10 monadelphous stamens, the cleft tube of filaments bear- ing 4 of the petals about its middle (the cordate standard being free), and an ovate flat usually indehiscent 1 or 2-seeded pod included in the calyx. * Calyx very villous, with setaceous or subulate teeth. + Low glabrous shrubs: spikes few-flowered. 1. D. formosa Torr. Much branched: leaflets about 5 pairs, very small, about 4mm. long, thick and very narrow, cuneate-oblong, retuse: spikes loose, 6 to 10-Aow- ered, on short peduncles; bracts ovate, shorter than tbe flower, silky-villous on the margin: calyx-teeth subulate, plumose: corolla large and showy, bright-purple.— From Eagle Pass and the upper Colorado to New Mexico. + + Glabrous herbs : spikes many-flowered. + Leaflets 5 or 6 pairs: perennials, with concave scarious-margined very smooth and persist- ent bracts. 2. D, laxiflora Pursh. Stem tall, 9 to 12 dm. high, erect, branched above: leaflets linear-oblong, 4 to 6 mm. long: spikes panicled, interrupted, with distant white flowers; bracts very broad, almost orbicular, coriaceous, black glandular, embracing the flower: calyx with long setaceous plumose teeth: stamens 9.—A species of the western plains and reported from central Texas as far south as the San Antonio. 3. D. pogonathera Gray. Low, with depressed stems: leaflets oblong-linear: spikes oblong, Jensely-flowered, about 2.5 cm. long; bracts ovate, mucronate-acumi- nate, not so coriaceous or glandular as in the last: calyx with long setaceous plumose teeth, longer than the tube: petals purple: stamens 10.—Throughout Texas south of the Colorado and west to New Mexico. 4, D. lasiathera Gray. Stouter and larger in all parts than the last, the stems from 15 to 30 cm. high: leaflets oblong-linear: spikes cylindrical, densely-flowered, be- coming 5 to 7.5 cm, long; bracts orbicular-ovate, cuspidate-acuminate: calyx-teeth subulate, shorter than the tube, thickly villous with shorter and rather appressed hairs: corolla showy, considerably larger and purple-red: stamens 10.—Common on the prairies south of the Colorado and west to New Mexico, ++ ++ Leaves with many pairs of leaflets: annuals with slender elongated dense spikes. 5. D. alopecuroides Willd. Erect and much branched, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaflets 10 to 20 pairs, linear-oblong: flowers light rose-color or whitish, in cylindrical spikes: bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, deciduous: calyx with long slender teeth.—Al- luvial soils, common in the Mississippi Valley States, but reported from Texas only west of the Pecos. + + + Herbaceous or shrubby, pubescent, tomentose, or sericeous. ++ Spikes very dense, thiok, and very villous. = Leaflets appressed-sericcous, 2 to 4 pairs, rarely pinnately 3-foliolate. 6. D. aurea Nutt. Stem about 6 dm. high, pubescent, virgate and erect: leaf- lets oblong-obovate and linear-oblong, more or less silky pubescent, 8 to 12 mm. long: flowers yellow, in thick oblong very compact long-peduncled spikes; bracts rhom- bic ovate, as long as the calyx: calyx-teeth subulate, broad at base, plumose.—In dry ground, apparently common throughout Texas, especially in the mountains west of the Pecos. ; : 7. D. nana Torr. Like the last, but low, 10 to 15 em. high, diffusely spreading and repeatedly branched, leafy to the spikes: leaflets oblong or obovate: spikes smaller, much less dense, on very short peC uncles: flowers and bracts as in the last.— Throughout southern and western Texas. 78 8. D. rubescens Watson. With the simple tall erect stems and dense oblong spikes of D. aurea, but more slender, the leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, flowers smal- ler, and the yellow petals becoming purplish, (D. nana, var. elatior Gray.)—In the mountains west of the Pecos; also reported by Reverchon at ‘‘ head of South Llano.” 9. D. Wrightii Gray. Low, white-sericeous and glandJess: stems very many from a woody root, 5 to 15 cm. high: leaflets 5, lanceolate, acute: flowers yellow, in oblong sessile spikes: bracts membranaceous, lanceolate, acuminate : calyx-teeth subulate, very long plumose, much longer than the tube, equaling the corolla.—Hillsides and mountains west of the San Pedro, and especially beyond the Pecos. == Leaflets appressed-sericeous, palmately 3-foliolate. 10. D. Jamesii Torr. & Gray. Whole plant silky and glandless: leaflets obovate, very obtuse; stipules spiny: spikes dense and broad, oblong, sessile; bracts ovate, acuminate, longer than the calyx, which has setaceous and plumose teeth: flowers purple with a yellowish standard.—Stony hills west of the Pecos. = = = Leaflets loosely villous, 4 to 8 pairs. 11. D. lachnostachys Gray. Covered with tuberculate (mostly conical) glands, much branched, rather diffuse, 3 dm. or more high: leaflets 4 or 5 pairs, about 12 mm. long, oval or obovate, villous on both sides, beset beneath close to the repand or subcrenulate margins with a row of very large flat glands: spikes thick and densely barbate-woolly, on short peduncles; bracts ovate, scarious, produced into a long acumination about equaling the flower: calyx very villous, its aristate teeth as long as the purple corolla.—Hills west of the Pecos. . 12. D. mollis Benth. Low and branching, 7.5 to 15 em. high, silky villous with more or less spreading hairs: leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, obovate to cuneate-oblong, 2 to 8 mm.long: flowers white or rose-colured, in oblong, shortly-pedunculate spikes : bracts lanceolate, acuminate, villous: calyx very villous, the filiform plumose teeth much longer than the tube and exceeding the corolla.—Along the Rio Grande and west of the Pecos. ++ ++ Spikes rather lax: corolla purple, 13. D. lanata Spreng. Decumbent and whole plant clothed with a soft almost woolly pubescence: leaflets 4 to 6 pairs, obovate-cuneate, emarginate, 10 to 12 mm. long: spikes elongated, rather loose, many-flowered, on rather long peduncles; bracts ovate, with a long acumination: calyx-teeth subulate, plumose, dilated at base, as long as the tube: petals deep-purple.—Very common in sandy soil along the upper Rio Grande and on the ‘‘Staked Plains,” ' 14. D. Domingensis DC. Erect and more or less pubescent: leaflets 6 to 7 pairs, obovate, obtuse or emarginate: spikes somewhat capitate, shortly peduncled ; bracts ovate, acute, shorter than the villous calyx: calyx-teeth subulate.—Var, PAUCIFOLIA Coulter has the whole plant more hairy: leaflets but 3 or 4 pairs and larger: inflorescence becoming more or less compact-clustered in the upper axils, and the calyx-tube nearly glabrous, making very prominent the large amber-colored glands.—Along the lower Rio Grande and in adjacent Mexico. ** Calyx pubcacent or canescent, with short teeth: shrubby plants, 15. D. argyrzea Gray. Stems 3 to 6 dm. high, stout, corymbosely branched above, the branches canescent, glandular-tuberculate, leafy: leaflets 7 to 13, obovate-oblong, silvery-sericeous and shining: spikes short, densely flowered, at first capitate, on short peduncles: calyx cinerevus-pubescent, somewhat longer than the ovate acu- minate bract: corolla showy, yellowish purple.—Rocky hills between the Nueces and the Rio Grande, and west of the Pecos. 16. D. scoparia Gray. A ‘‘broom-like” plant, with rigid slender branching stems, naked below and roughened all over with large pustulate glands, the diffuse branchlets terminated by small globular heads of deep violet flowers : leaves mostly simple on the branches and linear, the lower ones with 3 linear leaflets: bracts very small and ovate.—Sandy bottom of the Rio Grande west of the Pecos, 19 °° * Calyx smooth except the margins, with short teeth. 17. D. frutescens Gray. Shrubby and very smooth, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaflets 6 to 8 pairs, obovate, retuse or obcordate, petiolulate, conspicuously glandular beneath: spikes paniculate, short and few-flowered ; bracts coriaceous, ovate, pointless, scarcely equaling the calyx, which is covered with large waxy glands and with short triangular-subulate teeth villous on the margin: corolla violet.—Common from the Colorado to the Rio Grande and west to New Mexico. 13. PETALOSTEMON Michx. (PRAIRIE CLOVER.) Perennial upright glandular-dotted herbs, with crowded odd-pinnate leaves, minute stipules, small flowers in very dense terminal and pedun- cled heads or spikes, 5 stamens with the cleft tube of filaments bearing 4 of the petals on its summit, and a membranaceous indehiscent 1 or 2- seeded pod inclosed in the calyx. * Corolla white: glabrous plants, 1, P. candidus Michx. Stems firm and erect: leaflets 7 or 9, lanceolate or linear- oblong, sparingly dotted benea:h: heads oblong, cylindrical when old ; bracts awned, longer than the nearly glabrous calyx.--Common on the prairies of northern and western Texas. 2. P. gracilis Nutt. Stems slender, decumbent or assurgent: leaflets 7 or 9, lin- ear-elliptical, slightly dotted beneath: heads oblong-cylindrical, shorter than in the last; bracts acute, as long as the calyx.—A species of eastern Texas, and found within our range near San Diego. 3. P. multiflorus Nutt. Stem erect and with fastigiate branches: leaflets 3 to 9, linear-oblong, with black dots on both surfaces: heads globose, the subulate-setaceous bracts much shorter than the acutely-toothed calyx.—On prairies throughout Texas, “* Corolla purple or rose- color (yellowish in No.5, or fading white in No.7). 4. P. violaceus Michx. Smoothish: leaflets 5, narrowly linear: heads globose- ovate, or oblong-cylindrical when old; bracts pointed, not longer than the silky- hoary calyx: corolla rose-purple.—Dry prairies throughout the western prairie States and extending into Texas.—Var, PUBESCENS Gray is pubescent, and with 3 to 7 leaf- lets.—Prairies in the region of the Colorado.—Var. TENUIS Coulter is a slender, low form, with round or roundish-oblong small often few-flowered heads on long slender peduncles, and shorter pointed bracts (not equaling the calyx and hence not very apparent in the head).—Coleman County. 5. P. obovatus Torr. & Gray. Very tomentose: leaflets 5 to 9, large, obovate, obtuse, silky-lanuginous beneath, less s0 above: head ovate, or becoming much elongated, very thick, subsessile or pedunculate; bracts ovate, acuminate, larger than the calyx, both densely villous, almost concealing the yellowish flowers.—In eastern Texas, and found within our range near San Autonio. 6. P. emarginatus Torr. & Gray. Glabrous: leaflets about 15 or 17, cuneiform, deeply emarginate, dotted beneath: spikes cylindrical, on very long peduncles; bracts broadly obovate, acuminate, silky-villous, longer than the bright rose-purple flowers: calyx very villous.—In eastern Texas and also between the Nueces and the Rio Grande. The leaves become verdigris-green when dry. 7. P. Sabinalis Watson. Glabrous throughout: leaves yellowish-green; leaflets 11 to 15, linear, obtuse: spikes rather slender, pedunculate; bracts very narrow and attenuate, equaling the calyx: calyx with short triangular acute teeth, pabescent on the inner side, about half as long as the rose-colored (fading to nearly white) petals.—Bandera County (Reverchon). : 8. P. Reverchoni Watson. Low, 15 cm. high or less, finely pubescent: leaves gla- brous; leaflets 5 to 11, linear, acutish: spikes sessile or nearly so, very short or some- 80 what elongating: calyx covered wish a fine appressed pubescence, the acuminate teeth nearly equaling the tube: petals deep pink or red, half longer.—On the rocky top of Comanche Peak ( Keverchon). 14. TEPHROSIA Pers. (HOARY PEA.) Hoary perennial herbs, with odd-pinnate leaves, mucronate and veiny leaflets, white or purplish racemed flowers, a broad and usually silky standard, coherent wings and keel, diadelphous or monadelphous stamens, and a flat linear several-seeded pod. 1. T. Lindheimeri Gray. Stems rather stout, prostrate or ascending, flexuose branching, tomentulose-pubescent: leaflets 7 to 13, roundizh-obovate or cuneate, often retuse, sericeous especially beneath, 16 to 36 mm. long: the large purple flowers in lax many-flowered racemes exceeding the leaves: pod densely soft pubescent.—Prairies and hills between the Colorado (as far up as the San Saba) and the lower Rio Grande. 15, INDIGOFERA L. (INDIGO.) Herbs or shrubs, mostly canescent with appressed hairs fixed by the middle, with odd-pinnate leaves and obscurely veined leaflets, pink or purplish flowers in naked axillary spikes, small roundish standard, co- herent wings and keel, diadelphous stamens, and a 4-angled or teretish 1 to several-seeded pod septate between the seeds. 1. IL leptosepala Nutt. A perennial herb, 1.5 to 6 dm. high: leaflets 5 to 9, oblan- ceolate: spikes very loose, longer than the leaves: pods linear, 6 to 9-seeded, obtusely 4-angled, reflexed, 2.5 cm. long.—A species of the Southern and Western States and apparently extending throughout Texas. Q. I. Lindheimeriana Scheele. A cinereous erect perennial herb: leaflets 7 to 15, larger, oval or obovate: spikes shorter than the leaves: pods longer, linear, obscurely if at all angled, thickened at each suture, reflexed and arcuate.—Between the Colo- rado and the Rio Grande. 16. BRONGNIARTIA HBKE. Erect shrubs, with odd-pinnate leaves, numerous small leaflets, herba- ceous stipules but no stipels, solitary and axillary rather conspicuous violet or flesh-colored flowers and a flat oblong or broadly linear pod. 1. B. minutifolia Watson. A low shrub 3 to 9 dm, high, much branched, the slen- der glaucous-green branchlets nearly glabrous: leaves 2.5 to5 cm. long, with slender rhachis; leatlets 10 to 20 pairs, linear, revolute, 2 to 3 mm. long: flowers on short naked peduncles: pod glabrous, oblanceolate, 18 mm. long, attenuate to a stipe.— Foothills south of the Chisos Mountains, Western Texas ( Havard). 17. PETERIA Gray. Shrubby and rigid branching, smooth, with odd-pinnate leaves, nu- merous very minute leaflets, small subualate spiny stipules and no stipels, terminal racemes of scattered yellowish flowers, aud a flat linear straight pod. 1. P. scoparia Gray. Stems 6 to 9 dm. high, glaucescent, much branched and bushy : stipules a pair of divaricate prickles; persistent petioles filiform and slender, all the upper ones often leafless, the others with 9 to 15 smajl elliptical or lanceolate 81 leaflets: racemes slender, 20 to 30 cm. long, very sparsely flowered: pods lincar, pen- dulous, 5 em, or more long.—In the foothills of the mountains west of the Pecos. Said to have a small edible tuberous rootstock, and known as ‘“ camote del monte.” 18. ROBINIA L. (Locust Tree.) Trees or shrubs, with odd-pinnate leaves, often prickly spines for stipules, the ovate or oblong leaflets stipellate, showy flowers in hang- ing axillary racemes, and a flat thin pod margined on one edge. 1. R. Neo-Mexicana Gray. Shrub 12 to 18 dm. high: stipular prickles subre- curved, sharp and stout: peduncles and the short crowded racemes hispid with straight glanduliferous hairs: calyx finely hispid: corolla rose-color: pods glandular- hispid. -In mountain cafions west of the Pecos. 19. COURSETIA DC. Trees or shrubs, with odd-pinnate leaves, setaceous stipules, orbicu- lar or obovate leaflets, axillary (mostly solitary) flowers (in ours), and a flat linear marginless pod. 1. C. axillaris Coulter & Rose. Shrub or small tree, the younger parts pubescent: leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, reticulated, somewhat pubescent beneath, the lower pair orbicu- lar, the others obovate: axillary flower on peduncle 4 to 10 mm. long: calyx pube- scent, with 5 broad equal teeth, the 2 upper high-connate: retlexed vextllum 12 mm. broad: style very hairy above the middle: pod glabrous, 3.5 cm. long, with lobed margin and on a broad stipe.—Near San Diego (Nealley). 20. WISTARIA Nutt. High climbing woody twiners, with odd-pinnate leaves of 9 to 13 ovate-lanceolate leaflets, minute stipules and stipels, dense racemes of large and showy lilac-purple flowers, and elongated thickish knobby stipitate many-seeded pods. 1, W. frutescens Poir. Downy or smoothish when old: wings of the corolla with one short auricle and an awl-shaped one as long as the claw.—Alluvial grounds throughout the Southern States and reported from Gillespie County. 21. SESBANIA Pers. Herbs or shrubs, with abruptly pinnate leaves, many pairs of very entire leaflets, yellowish flowers in axillary loose racemes shorter than the leaves, a broad spreading or reflexed standard, and flat or 4-angled or 4-winged pods. 1. S. Cavanillesii Watson. Shrub or even small tree: leaflets 11 or 12 pairs, ob- tuse and mucronate: flowers bright yellow: pod long-stipitate, oblong, compressed, with 4 wiugs rising from the margins of the valves and produced beyond the sutures, the seeds separated by transverse partitions. (Daubentonia longifolia DC.)—Abund- ant on the Lower Rio Grande, and also near San Antonio. A very graceful shrub or amall tree, with showy racemes of bright yellow flowers in Angust; seeds used as @ substitute for cotfee (Havard). 2. S. macrocarpa Muh]. An annual glabrous herb or shrub: leaflets 15 to 25 pairs, oblong-linear, obtuse and mucronate: racemes 1 to 4-flowered: flowers yellow and red, dotted with pu rple: pod curved, compressed, 4-sided, elongated and slender, knotted, pendulous, many seeded, the seeds separated by transverse partitions.— Along the Guadalupe and San Antonio, extending into Texas from the Gulf States. 82 3. S. vesicaria Ell. A tall smooth-branching annual: leaflets numerous, oblong- linear: racemes 4 to 8-Hlowered, often compound: flowers yellow: pod elliptical- oblong, compressed, acute at each end, stipitate, 1-celled and 2-seeded, the outer coriaceous portion at length falling away and leaving the seeds incloséd in the thin white inner membrane. (Glottidium Floridanum Desv.)—Extending from the Gulf States into southern Texas. 22. ASTRAGALUS Tourn. (MILK VETCH.) Chiefly herbs, with odd-pinnate leaves, spiked or racemed flowers, a narrow and erect standard, keel not tipped with a point or sharp ap- pendage, and turgid or inflated pods with one or both the sutures turned in, sometimes dividing the cell lengthwise into two.—A very large and difficult western genus, not very numerously represented in Texas. Mature pods are usually necessary for certain identification of the species. I. Pod turgid, completely or imperfectly 2-celled by the intrusion of the dorsal suture, the ventral suture being not al all or less deeply inflexed, * Pod plum-shaped, succulent, becoming thick and fleshy, indehiscent, not stipitate, com- pletely 2-celled. 1. A. caryocarpus Ker. (GROUND PLUM.) Pale aid minutely appressed-pubes- cent: leaflets narrowly oblong: flowers in a short spike-like raceme: corolla violet- purple: pod glabrous, ovate-globular, more or less pointed, about 16 mm. in diameter, very thick-walled, cellular or corky when dry.—A species of the western plains and extending into Texas as far south as the San Antonio, i 2. A. Mexicanus A. DC. Smoother, or pubescent with looser hairs, larger: leaf- lets roundish, obovate, or oblong: flowers larger, 20 to 24 mm. long: calyx softly hairy: corolla cream-color, bluish only at tip: pod globular, very obtuse and point- less, 2.5 cm. or more in diameter: otherwise like the last.—Prairies throughout Texas. 3. A. Plattensis Nutt. Loosely villous: stipules conspicuous: leaflets oblong, often glabrous above: flowers crowded in a short spike or oblong head, cream-color often tinged or tipped with purple: pod ovate, pointed, and villous (as is the calyx),— A species of the plains extending into northern Texas. * * Pod dry, coriaceous, cartilaginous or membranous, dehiscent. + Pod completely 2-celled. ++ Pod sessile. 4. A, mollissimus Torr. Stout, decumbent, densely silky-villous throughout and tomentose: leaflets 19 to 29, ovate-oblong: peduncles elongated: spikes dense, with rather large violet flowers, 12 to 24 mm. long: pod narrow-oblong, 10 to 18 mm, long, glabrous, somewhat obcompressed and sulcate at both sutures, at length incurved.— High prairies and mesas in northwestern Texas and west of the Pecos. The most common ‘‘loco” plant, and said to be very poisonous to cattle. 5. A. Bigelovii Gray. Very near the last, but more strictly acaulescent, more villous, and especially distinguished by its turgid and very woolly pods in which the sutures are not sulcate.—West of the San Pedro, and extending into Mexico and New Mexico. 6. A. giganteus Watson. Stems stout and erect, 6 to 9 dm. high or more, tomen- tose: leaflets 11 to 21, oblong-ovate, acute, villous-pubescent and subtomentose, 12 to 18 mm. long; stipules broad: racemes short and rather few-flowered, erect, pe- duncnlate: pod coriaceous, ovate, acuminate, somewhat compressed and the ventral suture impressed, erect, 18 mm. long.—At Fort Davis, western Texas (Havard.) 83 7. &. reflexus T. & G. Slender and branching, assurgent, 3 dm. or more high, pilose-pubescent: lcallets 13 or 15, cuneate-obovate, emarginate, 12 mm. long : flow- ers nearly sessile, few, subuapitate, bluish-white, spreading, 8 mm. long: pod thick- coriaceous, detlexed, ovate-triangular, glabrous, very deeply sulcate dorsally (section obcordately 2-lobed), 8 mm. long.—In eastern Texas and possibly within our ran ge. 8. A. Wrightii Gray. Low and villous-hirsute: leaflets 7 to 11, oblong, acutish: the few capitate flowers violet or whitish, with subulate-linear calyx-teeth equaling the corolla: pod coriaceous, oblong, hirsute, straight, subcompressed, bicarinate, acute, erect, half longer than the calyx.—In dry ground, central Texas between the Brazos and the Rio Grande. 9. A. Nuttallianus DC. Stems ascending or erect, 7.5 to 45 om. high, minutely pubescent: leaflets 11 to 15, elliptical or oblong, obtuse or retuse: flowers few, sub- capitate or sometimes solitary on slender peduncles, light purple, small, 4 mm. long: pod coriaceous, linear, glabrous, subcompressed, incurved near the base, sulcate dor- sally, reticulated.—Apparently throughout Texas, where it seems to be the most com- mon Astragalus, Var. TRIcHOCARPUS T. & G. is a low form with hispid calyx and slightly hairy pods.—Quite common near Brazos Santiago. 10. A. leptocarpus T.& G. Almost glabrous: leaflets 13 to 17, cuneate-elliptical, retuse: flowers few, as in the last, but deep purplish blue and larger, 8 to 10 mm. long: pod membranaceous, linear, glabrous, subcompressed, straight, spreading, less reticulated, about 2.5 cm. long.—From Arkansas through eastern Texas to San An- tonio and the lower Rio Grande, + ++ ++ Pod stipitate. 11. A. Brazoensis Buck]. Rather small and sparingly pubescent: leaflets emar- ginate: the small violet or whitixh flowers in rather loose short spikes: pod thin- coriaceous, strongly obcompressed and nearly disk-like, 6 mm. broad, incurved, gla- brous, transversely nerved, at lenyth separating into two 1 or 2-seeded divisions, mostly deflexed : stipe equaling the calyx.—In southern Texas, between the Brazos and the lower Rio Grande. + + Pod not completely 2-celled, and sessile (substipitate in the first species). 12. A, Lindheimeri Eng. Many-stemmed, diffuse ard glabrous: leaflets 13 to 17, narrow-oblong, mostly emarginate: raceme of violet flowers subcapitate: calyx-teeth subulate-setaceous, about twice longer than the tube: pod ascending upon a spread- ing pedicel, oblong-linear, 2.5 om. or more long, glabrous, subfaleate, compressed, transversely reticulate-veined, substipitate, bicarinate on the back and 2-celled to the middle, ventral suture acute.—In central Texas from the Brazos to the San An- tonio. 13. A. distortus Torr. & Gray. Low, diffuse, many-stemmed, subglabrous: Jeaflets 17 to 25, oblong, emarginate: flowers in a short spike, pale-purple: calyx- teeth broad subnlate, half shorter than the dark puberulent tube: pod ovate or lance- oblong, 12 to 18 mm. long, thick-coriaceous, glabrous, arched, subterete, minutely reticulated, somewhat grooved on the back, the ventral suture nearly flat.—Extend- ing from the Mississippi States to the Colorado. 14. A. lotiflorus Hook. Hoary or cinereous with appressed hairs: stems very short: leaflets 7 to 13, lance-oblong: flowers yellowish, in few-flowered heads, with pedun- cles exceeding the leaves or very short: calyx campanulate, the snbulate teeth ex- ceeding the tube: pod oblong-ovate, 1s to 24mm, long, acuminate, acute at base, ca- nescent, the back more or less impressed, the acute ventral suture nearly straight.— Extending from the plains into northerao and western Texas. 15. A. Reverchoni Gray. Sparingly pilose-canescent, with many leaves and pe- duncles from a very short stem: leaflets 13 to 17, ovate-lanceolate : flowers yellowish, capitate, with peduncles about equaling the leaves: calyx densely pilose, with long attenuate teeth: pod ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 3.5 om. long, acuminate, canescent, broadly falcate or straight. (Phaca oretacea Buckley).—In northern and central Texas. Intermediate between the last and the next. 84 16. A. Missouriensis Nutt. Short-caulescent, hoary with a closely appressed silky- pubescence: leatlets 5 to 15, oblong, elliptic, or obovate: flowers few, capitate or spicate, 10 to 16 1mm. long, violet: calyx oblong, the teeth very slender: pod oblong, 2.5 em. long, acute, obtuse at base, pubescent, nearly straight, obcompressed or ob- compressed-triaugular, depressed on the back and the ventral suture more or -less prominent, transversely rugulose.—Extending from the plains into northern and western Texas. 17. A. amphioxys Gray. Very similar to the last except in the pods which are acute at both ends, the base so much narrowed that it often seems stipitate in the calyx, texture much thinner, fore-and-aft compression greater, and moderately curved in the shorter pods, bat strongly so in the longer ones: leaflets more apt to be oblong and acute. (A. Shortianus, var.? minor Gray.)—Extending from New Mexico into extreme western Texas. 18. A. Parryi Gray. Stems shortand prostrate: villous with loose spreading hairs: leaflets oblong, elliptic or obovate: flowers few, loosely subcapitate on rather short peduncles, wh‘tish or yellowish tinged with purple, 12 to 16 mm. long: calyx-teeth half shorter than the cylindric tube: pod pubescent, oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 em. long or more, arched or at length circinate, strongly obcompressed and rugulose, both sutures sulcately impressed, contiguous.—Extending from Colorado into northwest- ern Texas. II. Pod 1-celled, neither suture being inflexed or the ventral more intruded than the dorsal. 19. A. triflorus Gray, Low, very much branched from the base, gray with stri- gulose hairs: leaflets linear or linear-oblong: flowers 3 to 15, small, yellowish-white or purplish: pod membranous, inflated, glabrous or glabrate, sessile, oval, obtuse or acutish, 14 to 24 mm. long.—Sandy plains and hills along the upper Rio Grande in El Paso County. 23. OXYTROPIS DC. Low and nearly acaulescent perennials, with tufts of numerous very short stems from a hard and thick root or rootstock covered with scaly adnate stipules, pinnate leaves of many leaflets, scape-like peduncles bearing a head or short spike of flowers, and keel tipped with a sharp projecting point or appendage.—The pointed keel is the chief distin- guishing mark separating this genus from Astragalus. 1, O. Lamberti Pursh. Silky with fine appressed hairs: leaflets mostly linear: flowers rather large, purple, violet, or sometimes white: pod cartilaginous or firm- coriaceous in texture, silky-pubescent, strictly erect, cylindraceous-lanceolate and long-pointed, almost 2-celled by intrusion of the ventral suture.—Extending from the plains into northern and western Texas. Reputed to be a “loco” plant.—Var. sERI- CEA Gray is a robust form, with broader leaflets (from lanceolate to oblong), cylindra- ceous pods about 2.5 cm. long, and the pubescence of the leaflets very silky. (0. ser- icea Nutt.)—In the mountains of western Texas. 24. GLYCYRRHIZA Tourn. (Liquorice.) Perennial plants with long sweet roots, glandular-viscid herbage, odd. pinnate leaves with minute stipules, white or bluish flowers in ax- illary spikes, and ovate or oblong compressed often curved pods clothed with rough glands or short prickles. 1. G. lepidota Nutt. (WILD Liquorice.) Tall, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaflets 15 to 19, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate-pointed, sprinkled with little scales when young, and with corresponding dots when old: spikes peduncled, short: flowers whitish : pod oblong, beset with hooked prickles so as to resemble a ‘‘cocklebur” on a smaller scale.—Along or near the Rio Grande in El Paso County. 85 25. ZORNIA Gmelin. Perennial herbs, with pal mately 2 or 4-foliolate leaves, sagittate sti- pules, yellow flowers in axillary large-bracted racemes, monadelphous stamens alternately shorter, and a compressed pod with 2 to 5 roundish hispid joints. 1. Z. tetraphylla Miohx. Prostrate, smooth or downy: leaflets 4, lanceolate or oblong-obovate: racemes 3 to 9-flowered, much longer than the leaves, the flowers distant and almost concealed by the large ovate bracts.—Extending from the Gulf States through eastern and southern Texas to the Rio Grande. The most western station recorded is in Gillespie County, . 26. DESMODIUM Desv. (TICK-TREFOIL. ) Perennial herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate (rarely 1-foliolate) leaves with both stipules and stipels, white or purplish (often turning green) flowers in axillary or terminal often panicled racemes and 2 or 3 from each bract, diadelphous (9 and 1) stamens or monadelphous below, and wv flat pod deeply lobed on the lower margin and separating into few or many flat reticulated joints (mostly roughened with minute hooked hairs, by which they adhere to animals or clothing). * Pod stipitate: leaves 1-foliolate. 1. D. Wrightii Gray. Stems slender, branching, puberulent, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves short-petioled, the single leaflet membranaceous, veiny, oblong-ovate, sub- cordate at base, pale and minutely pubescent beneath, mucronulate, the larger 5 em. long; stipules and stipels very small and subulate: racemes loose: pod 3 or 4- jointed, the joints inequilateral and oval, on a stipe as long as the stamineal tube.— From the Colorado near Austin to New Mexico. ** Pod slightly if at all stipitate: leaves 3-foliolate. 2. D. Neo-Mexicanum Gray. Slender, erect and branching, pubescent annual: leaflets linear, strongly and coarsely reticulated beneath, acutish and mucronulate, pilose beneath, especially at ihe margins, 2.5 to3cm. long; stipules subulate aristate: flowers small: joints of the pod small (little over 2 mm. in diameter), round and pu- bertilent.—Mountain valleys near El Paso. Nearly glabrous forms occur in contigu- ous New Mexico. 3. D. Grahami Gray. Procumbent andslender, branching from a perennial root: leaflets round-ovate, bright green above, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, clothed with a fine ap- pressed pubescence, which is shorter and sparse underneath; stipules fuscous, sub- ulate-acuminate and persistent: the numerous racemes at length elongated (the principal terminal one very much so) and sparsely flowered: pod deflexed, 4 or 5- jointed, the joints inequilateral and scabrous-puberulent.—On the mountains of the Limpia and westward into New Mexico. 4. D, paniculatum DC. Nearly smooth throughout: stem slender, erect, and tall: leaflets oblong-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, tapering to a blunt point, thin, 7.5 to 12.5 em. long: racemes much panicled: pod 3 to 5-jointed, the joints in- equilateral, triangular or half-rhombie or very unequal-sided rhomboidal.—San Pedro Valley and westward: doubtless elsewhere in Texas. 5. D. spirale DC. Pubescent or glabrate: stem slender, angular and weak, rooting at base: leaflets ovate or lanceolate: racemes lax : flowers very small, green- ish, and variegated with purple: pod 2 to S-jointed, the joints rhomboid-orbicular, hooked pubescent, very tortuous.—A Mexican species recently found in extreme western Texas, Limpia Cafion (Nealley). 86 6. D. Tweedyi Britton. Minutely scabrous-pubescent: stem stout, ascending, 9 dm. or more high: leaflets ovate, truncate at base, obtuse and mucronulate, upper surface glabrate, lower scabrous-pubescent and strongly reticulated, 9 cm. long: pan- icle large and few-flowered: pod 3-jointed (in the only specimen seen), joints rhom- bic, minutely canescent.—Tom Greene County (Zweedy)e 27. LESPEDEZA Michx. (BUSH CLOVER.) Herbs with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, not stipellate, diadelphous (9 and 1) stamens, and a 1-jointed 1-seeded oval or roundish flat retic- ulated pod.—Ours have flowers of two sorts, the larger (violet-purple) pertect but seldom fruitful, panicled or clustered, with smaller pistil- late and fertile but mostly apetalous ones intermixed or in small sub- sessile clusters. 1. L. procumbens Michx. Slender, trailing and prostrate, minutely appressed- hairy to soft-downy: leaflets oval or obovate-elliptical, 6 to 18 mm. long: peduncle very slender, few-flowered : pod small, roundish, obtuse or acute. (Including ZL. re- pens Bart.)—Found in Gillespie and Wilson Counties, and doubtless throughout the eastern part of the State. 2. L. Stuvei Nutt., var. INTERMEDIA Watson. Stems upright, spreading, very leafy: leaflets oval to oblong, usually with fine appressed-pubescence: flowers clus- tered on peduncles much shorter than the leaves: pod ovate, acute or acuminate, appressed-pubescent or downy. (LZ. violacea, var. sessiliflora Torr. & Gray.)—‘‘Cen- tral Texas” (fide Mex. Bound Report). 28. VICIA Tourn. (VETCH. TARE.) Herbs, mostly climbing more or less by the tendril at the end of the pinnate leaves, with half-sagittate stipules, axillary flowers on pedun- cles, a filiform style bearded with a tuft or ring of hairs at the apex, and a flat several-seeded pod. * Annuals, with mostly solitary flowers. 1, V. Reverchoni Watson. Pubescent with spreading hairs, the decumbent stem angled and narrowly winged, 3 dm. high: leaflets 3 or 4 pairs on a broad rhachis, cu- neate-oblong or the lower obovate, rounded or truncate and mucronate at apex, 8 to 14 mm. long: flowers solitary, small, 6 mm. long, light blue, the narrow acuminate calyx-teeth about equaling the tube: pod pubescent, shortly pedicellate upon a pe- duucle 2.5 cm. long or more, 20 to 30 mm. long by 4 mm. broad, 10 to 15-seeded.—Sandy prairies near Dallas (Reverchon). 2. V. exigua Nutt. Pubescent, somewhat cespitose: leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, linear, acute, 12to24 mm. long; stipules narrow, entire or incisely serrate: peduncles filiform, 1 (rarely 2)-flowered, shorter than the leaves: calyx-teeth lanceolate, nearly equal- ing the tube: pod linear-oblong, glabrous, 4 to 6-seeded.—A western species reported from near El Paso and San Diego. 3. V. micrantha Nutt. Glabrous: leaflets usually 2 pairs, linear, obtuse or acute. about 2.5 cm. long; stipules lanceolate: peduncles 1 or 2-flowered, shorter than ihe leaves: calyx-teeth lanceolate, shorter than the tube: pod saber-shaped, slightly pubescent, 7 to 10-seeded.—In eastern Texas, and very likely within our range. " * Perennials, with 2 to 6-flowered peduncles. 4, V. Leavenworthii Torr. & Gray. Pubescent: stem 3 to 6 dm. long, strongly angled : leaflets5 to 7 pairs, oblong-linear, obtuse or emarginate, 12 mm. long; stipules minute, entire: peduncles 2 to 4-flowered, shorter than the leaves: calyx-teeth sub- 87 ulate, longer than the tube: pod oblong, 6-seeded.—In Gillespie and Comal Coun- ties, and probably goueral between the Colorado and the Rio Grande. 5. V. Ludoviciana Nutt. Glabrous (except the young shoots): stem rather stout, 6 to 9dm, long, strongly angled and climbing: lvaflets 5 to 6 pairs, elliptical or obo- vate, obtuse or emarginate, 12 to 16™ long; stipules subulate, very small: pedun- cles 2 to 6-Howered, at length longer than the leaves: calyx-teeth broad. acuminate, shorter than the tube: pod broadly saber-shaped, glabrous, 5 or 6-seeded.—Through eastern and southern Texas to Pt. Isabel, and as far west as San Antonio, 29. LATHYRUS Tourn. (VETCHLING. EVERLASTING PEA.) Mostly smooth plants, like Vicia exeept that the style is somewhat dilated and flattened upwards and is bearded down the inner face.— Our species have the leaves tendril-bearing, the peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, and the pods sessile. 1. L. pusillus Ell. Annual, glabrous: stem winged: leaflets 2, narrow: racemes 1 or 2-flowered: flowers small, purple: pod linear: seeds minutely tuberculate.—A species of the Gulf States extending into Texas. 2. I. palustris L. Perennial, glabrous or somewhat pubescent: stem often winged: leaflets 4 to 8, narrowly oblong to linear, acute, 2.5 to 5 em. long; stipules mostly narrow, often small: peduncles 2 to 6-Aowered: flowers purple, 12 mm. long.— Var. ANGUSTIFOLIUS Watson has elongated, narrow and grass-like leaflets, and smaller stipules.—Extreme western Texas and adjacent New Mexico. 30. APIOS Boerhaave. (GROUND-NUT. WILD BEAN.) A perennial herb, twining and climbing over bushes, bearing edible tubers on underground shoots, pinnately 3 to 7-foliolate leaves, ovate- _lanceolate leaflets, flowers in dense and short often branching racemes, a strongly incurved and at length coiled keel, and a straight or slightly curved linear elongated thickish many-seeded pod. 1. A. tuberosa Moench. Flowers brown-purple or chocolate-color, violet-scent- ed.—An eastern species, extending into Texas to Gillespie and Wilson Counties, 31. CENTROSEMA DC. (SPURRED BUTTERFLY-PEA.) Twining perennials, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, large showy flowers, striated stipules, bracts and bractlets (the latter longer than the calyx), a short 5-cleft calyx, the standard spurred at base, a broad and merely incurved keel, style minutely bearded next the stigma, and a long linear flat pod pointed with the awl-shaped style, many-seeded and thickened at the edges. 1, C. Virginiaum Benth. Rather rough with minute hairs: leaflets varying from oblong-ovate to lanceolate and linear, very veiny, shining: peduncles 1 to 4- tlowered: calyx-teeth linear-awl-shaped: corolla violet, 2.5 om. long: pod straight, 10 to 12.5 om. long.—A species of the Southern States extending into Texas and down the coast to Brazos Santiago. 32. CLITORIA L. (BUTTERFLY-PEA.) Erect or twining perennials, with mostly pinnately 3-foliolate stipel- late leaves, very large flowers on 1 to 3-flowered peduncles, opposite striate bractlets, a tubular 5-lobed calyx, erect and spurless standard, 88 a scythe-shaped keel, style bearded down the inner face, and a linear oblong flattish knotty several-seeded pod pointed with the base of the style. 1. C. Mariana L. Low, ascending or twining, smooth: leaflets oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate; stipules and bracts awl-shaped: peduncles short: the showy pale blue flowers 5 em. long.—A species of the Atlantic and Gulf States and extending into Texas to the Perdinales. 33. COLOGANIA Kunth. Twining herbs, with pinnately 3 (rarely 4 or 5)-foliolate stipellate leaves, small striate stipules, prominent and persistent bracts and hractlets, violet or red flowers, a tubular 4-toothed calyx, but little incurved keel, beardless style, and a linear flat straight or incurved stipitate pod. 1, C. angustifolia Kunth. Stems slender and branching from a deep perennial root, striate-angled, cinereous-hirsute as is the foliage. etc.: petioles 12 to 18 mm. long; leaflets linear, very obtuse at both ends, mucrouate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, about 4 mum. wide: flowers in pairs or solitary, on peduncles 12 mm. long, which are bibrac- teate at base and minutely bibracteolate next the villous-hirsute calyx: bracts and bractlets subulate: corolla violet-purple: pod narrowly linear, flat, falcate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 7 to 9-seeded.—Mountains west of the Pecos. 2. C. longifolia Gray. Leaflets sometimes 4 or 5, elongated linear, acute or obtuse, very smooth above, beneath reticulate and with fine close pubescence (also upon stem, calyx and pod): pod narrowly linear, straight, less flat, about 5 cm. long, 10 to 14-sceded: otherwise as in C. angustifolia.—In the mountains west of the Pecos, Very variable in its leaves, which may be rigid or thin, 3.5 to 10 cm. long, 4 to 16 mm, broad, the narrowest ones often being the longest. 3. C. pulchella HBK. Leaflets elliptical-oblong, obtuse, rounded or subcordate at base, pale and cinereous on both sides: calyx pilose-hispid.—In the mountains west of the Pecos. Known chiefly from its leaf-characters, but distinct enough in that particular from the other two species, 34. GALACTIA P. Browne. (MILK-PEA.) Low mostly prostrate or twining perennial herbs, with usually 3 (rarely 1 or 4 or 5) stipellate leaflets, purplish flowers in somewhat in- terrupted or knotty racemes, minute and deciduous bracts, a 4-cleft calyx with the upper lobe broadest and entire, beardless style, and a linear flat subsessile several-seeded pod. * Leaves 1-foliolate. 1. G. marginalis Benth. Suffruticose, with prostrate, somewhat silky-pubescent, at length glabrous branches: the single leaflet oblong-lanceolate or linear, narrowed at base, coriaceous, glabrous, with a marginal nerve beneath, 5 to 7.5 em. long: peduncles very short, axillary, 1 to 3-flowered: calyx pubescent, its teeth as long as the tube: pod villous, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long.—Eastern Texas and extending through the lowland counties to the lower Rio Grande, ** Leaves 3-foliolate. 2. G. canescens Benth. Creeping, somewhat twining, canescent: leaflets broadly ovate, retuse, slightly hirsute above, silky-pubescent beneath, 3.5 cm. long and over 25cm. wide: peduncles slender (some of them abortive), fasciculate, elongated, few- 89 flowored: calyx silky-villous: many racemes becoming subterranean and bearing globular membranaceous pods filled by a single large seed; pods above ground linear- oblong, canescont, 4 or 5-seeded.—Sandy ground, between the Guadalupe and the lower Rio Grande. 3. G. Texana Gray. Procumbent, somewhat twining, cinereous-tomentose: leaf- lots oval, retuse, setaccous-mucronate, cinereous-puberulent above, sericeous-canescent beneath (less whitened than in the former species), 2.5 to 3.5 em. long: racemes few- flowered, shorter than the leaves and rarely exceeding the petioles: pod linear, strongly falcate, densely silky, 6 em. long, 9 or 10-seeded.—From the Guadalupe, near New Braunfels, to the Leona and Rio Grande. 4. G. Wrightii Gray. Stems branched from the base, slender, suberect with branches somewhat twining, cinereous with fine appressed pubescence: leaflets ob- long, obtuse at both ends, mucronulate, green above, beneath veiny and silvery with avery fine and close whitish pubescence, 3.5 om. long, 16 to 18 mm. wide: racemes strict, not interrupted, many-flowered, exceeding the leaves: calyx and bracts canes- cent, the calyx-teeth nearly twice the length of the tube.—Hills near the Limpia, in extreme western Texas. 5. G. tephrodes Gray. Stems numerous from a lignescent root, whitened or cine- reous (as are also the leaves), with very fine and close pubescence: leaflets oblong- linear, very obtuse at both ends, mucronniate, less canescent above than beneath, 20 to 30 mm. long: peduncles many-flowered, the lower ones longer, the upper ones shorter, than the leaves: calyx minutely cinereous-pubescent, its lobes oblong and obtuse: pod straight, canescent, 20 to 30 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 4 to 7-seeded.—In extreme western Texas and adjacent New Mexico and Mexico, *** 4t least some of the leaves 4 or 5-foliolate. 6. G. heterophylla Gray. Canescent or sericeous: stems slender and decumbent from a woody base: leaflets either 3 (the lateral ones somewhat distant from the terminal) or.4 or 5 (the accessory ones inserted with the lateral pair), oblong, sub- cuneate, obtuse or retuse, mucronulate, silky-canescent (especially underneath) with a closely appressed and silvery pubescence, 12 mm. long: racemes short and few- flowered: pod puberulent, straight, narrowed below, 3.5 cm. long, 3 to 6-seeded.— Known as yet from four stations, viz: Llano River (Lindheimer), San Diego (Miss Croft), Pena and Chenate Mountaius (Nealley). 35. PHASEOLUS L. (KIDNEY BEAN.) Twining or prostrate herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, flowers racemose or clustered on mostly long peduncles, 5- toothed or cleft calyx, recurved spreading standard, strongly incurved or coiled keel, style bearded lengthwise, and a linear or oblong straight or faleate several to many-seeded pod tipped with the hardened base of the style. * Pods more or less faloate. 1. P. acutifolins Gray. Twining, with very slender puberulent branches: leaflets ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, tapering from base to apex, acute, very entire, rough- pnbernlent, 2.5 to 5 om. long: peduncles 2 or 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves: flowers purple or purplish: pod flat, broadly linear, pubescent, 8 or 9-seeded, 5 om. long, 6 mm. wide, not much curved.—Mountain valleys west of the Pecos, and in adjacent New Mexico and Mexico. - 2, P. angustissimus Gray. Smooth, with very slender diffuse or twining stems: leaflets very narrowly linear, obtusish, thickish, smooth, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, longer than the petiole and shorter than the filiform loosely 2 to 5-flowered pedunele, which is 5 to 12.5 om. long: flowers with purple standard and wings and 9816— 02 it 90 yellow keel: pod flat, oblong, nearly glabrous, 3 or 4-seeded, 16 to 20 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, narrowed toward the base.—Ravines and cafions west of the Pecos. 3. P. Wrightii Gray. Prostrate or twining, puberulent, with slender branches: leaflets hastately 3-lobed, lobes very obtuse, the lateral ones sometimes angulate and shorter than the oblong terminal one: peduncles few to many-flowered, longer than the leaves: pod pendulous, flat, pubescent, 6 to 8-seeded, over 2.5 cm. long.—Moun- tains near El Paso, and possibly down the Rio Grande to Eagle Pass. 4, P. retusus Benth. Prostrate (often trailing for many feet) from a very large root, rough-puberulent: leaflets rhombic, obtuse and retuse, rough-puberulent both sides: peduncles rigid, loosely many-flowered, scarcely longer than the leaves: flow- ers purple: pod flat, broadly oblong, somewhat pendulous and subfaleate. —Along the upper Rio Grande and mountain streams west of the Pecos. 5. P. macropoides Gray. Decumbent or diffusely spreading, flexuose, thickly vil- lows-hirsute, from a tuberous root: leaflets oval or subrhombic, mucronate, entire, or angled or lobed above the middle on one side, pubescent both sides, 18 to 36 mm. long: peduncles many flowered above the middle, minutely pubescent, many times longer than the leaves, 10 to 25 cm. long: flowers with purple standard and wings and yel- lowish keel: pod subcompressed, torulose, deflexed, linear, puberulent, 4 to 6-seeded, 16 to 18 mm. long, 4 mm. wide.—A rare plant in the mountains west of the Pecos. 6. P. atropurpureus Mog. Stems twining and retrorsely pubescent: leaflets pu- bescent on both sides, lanceolate, dilated at base and tapering to a long narrow point, 3.5 to 6.5 cm. long; lateral ones with large acute lobe on outer side at base; terminal one usually 3-lobed, sometimes obscurely so: peduncles 6 to 10-flowered, 20 to 30 cm. long, still more elongated in fruit: flowers dark purple: pod deflexed, linear, 7 to 9- seeded, 7.5 cm. long, 4 mm. wide.—In mountain ravines west of the Pecos. ** Pods straight, terete or flattish. 7. P. helvolus L. Prostrate or climbing, branching: leaflets ovate to oblong- ovate or linear-oblong, with a more or less prominent rounded lobe toward the base, terminal leaflet 2-lobed, or some or all often entire, 12 to 40 mm, long: corolla green- ish-white and purplish: pod terete, nearly glabrous, 4 to 8-seeded, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 6mm. wide. (P. diversifolius Pers. Strophostyles angulosa Ell.)—Sandy river banks in eastern Texas, ana reported also from the Llano and near Laredo. 8. P. umbellatus Britton. Stems more slender: leaflets ovate to oblong-linear, rarely at all lobed, 2.5 cm. long or less: pod 3.5 to 5 cm. long, scarcely 4 mm. wide. (P. helvolus of Amer. authors, not L. Strophostyles peduncularis Ell.)\—Sandy ground, extending from the Gulf States through the lowlands of eastern and southern Texas to Corpus Christi. 9. P. pauciflorus Benth. Slender, low-climbing, pubescent: leaflets oblong-lan- ceolate or ovate-oblong to linear, not lobed, 2.5 cm. long: pod pubescent, flattish, 2.5 cm. long. (Strophostyles pauciflorus Watson).—River banks, “ western Texas.” 36. VIGNA Savi. Twining herbs, with 3-foliolate leaves, racemose axillary yellow flow- ers, a 4-toothed calyx, straight keel, style bearded above, and a terete torulose several-seeded pod. 1. V.luteola Benth. Annual, hirsute: leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate: racemes on stout peduncles longer than the leaves: flowers crowded : pod hirsute. (V. glabra Savi.)—Along the lower Rio Grande. Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA Watson has lanceolate or linear-lancevlate leaves, 91 37. RHYNCHOSIA Lour. Usually twining or trailing perennial herbs, with 1 to 3-pinnately fo. liolate leaves, yellow racemose or clustered flowers, a 4 or 5-parted calyx, scythe-shaped or incurved keel, and a short flat 1 or 2-seeded pod. 1, R. menispermoidea DC. Stem twining or prostrate, retrorsely pubescent: leaflot solitary, reniform, pubescent on both surfaces, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. in diameter: pe- duncles very short, 1 to 3-flowered: pod oval-lanceolate, acute, scarcely pubescent, 1 or 2-seeded.—Low sandy ground, eastern Texas and extending to Corpus Christi, 2. R. Texana Torr. & Gray. Minutely velvety pubescent: stems decumbent, scarcely twining, diffuse, much branched from the base: leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets rhombic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, rounded or slightly cordate at base, pu- bescent and dotted with minute glands beueath, the upper surface reticulated and nearly glabrous, about 12 mm, long: peduncles one to several-flowered, much shorter than the petioles: pod oblong, narrowed at base, pubescent.—Throughout southern Texas, from the Gulf to New Mexico. Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA Gray has elongated and somewhat climbing branches, with lanceolate, liuear-oblong, or even linear-lanceo- late leaflets. Prairies of western Texas. 38. CERCIS L. (REb-BUD. JUDAS-TREE. Small trees, with simple cordate to reniform entire palmately-veined leaves, red or purplish flowers on slender pedicels in axillary fascicles and appearing betore the leaves, and an oblong flat and thin shortly- stipitate many-seeded pod. 1. C. occidentalis Torr. A small tree or shrub, glabrous: leaves round-cordate, very obtuse and not at all produced above, sometimes emarginate, about 5 cm. in diameter: petals 8 mm. long, rose-colored : pod about 5 cm. long, 16 mm, broad, acute at each end, on a pedicel about 12 mm. long.—A far western and north Mexican spe- cies, extending into western Texas. 2. C. reniformis Eng. Resembling the last, but with the leaves somewhat pro- duced above (though still obtuse) and somewhat pubescent beneath (at least when young), and pedicels often shorter. (C. occidentalis, var. Texensis Watson. )—Western Texas. 39. CASSIA L. (SENNA.) Herbs or shrubs, with simply and abruptly pinnate leaves (not glan- dular-punctate), mostly yellow flowers (usually in terminal or axillary racemes or clusters), a 5-parted calyx, 5to 10 stamens with anthers de- hiscing at the apex, and a terete or flattened thick-coriaceous to mem- branaceous many-seeded usually curved pod. * The three upper anthers deformed and imperfect. 1. C. pumilio Gray. Dwarf, subcaulescent from a woody candex which scarcely rises out of the ground, striyulose : leaves crowded; leaflets 1 pair, linear or alien olate, cuspidate, as long as the petiole, with an interposed subulate glaud, 2.5 om. or less long, 2 to 4 mm. wide ; petiole produced into a setaceous appendage ; stipules setaceous-subulate, persistent: peduncles l-flowered, longer than the leaf: corolla 16 mm. in diametor, pale yellow: pod inflated, ovoid or oblong, very obtuse, mem- bravaceous, puberulent.—Thronghout southern and western Texas. ; 2. C. Romeriana Scheele. Stems 3 to 6 dm. high, herbaceous nearly or quite to the base, from a very thick ligneous root, cinereous-pubescent : leaflets 1 pair, lance- 92 olate and gradually tapering trom the rounded inequilateral base (sometimes a little faleate), puberulent above, s trigose-pubescent beneath, with an interposed subalate gland, about5 em. long; stipules setaceous, caducous: racemes few-flowered, excecd- ing the leaf: corolla yellow with brownish veins: pod linear-oblong, attenuate at base, subfalcate, minutely and sparsely strigose, 2.5 em. or more long.—From the Colorado near Austin to the San Antonio and westward to the Pecos. 3. C. bauhinioides Gray. Suffruticose and sericeous-canescent : stems from 7.5 to 30 em. high, from a thick lignescent root: leaflets 1 pair (rarely 2 pairs), oblong or subovate, rounded at both ends, inequilateral, with interposed gland ; stipules seta- ceous, persistent: pe Inncles 2 or 3-flowered, equaling the leaf: pod membranaceous, turgid, oblong or linear-oblong, straightish or subfaleate, hirsute, 8 to 15-seeded, 2.5 em. long.—Throng hout southern and western Texas. 4. C. Wislizeni Gray. A much branched and spreading shrub 12 to 18 dm. high, with spinescent puberulent branches very leafy to the top and bearing a corymb or panicle of numerons and large flowers: leaves often fasciculaie; leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, obovate, retuse and mucronate, thickish, 4 to 6 mm. long: pod linear, very flat and thin (the surface appearing as if varnished), 10 to 15cm. long, 6mm. wide.—A Mexican species extending into the mountains west of the Pecos, where it is frequently found with acute leaflets. 5. C. Liniheimeriana Scheele. Clothed throughout with a dense white velvety tomentum: stems 12 to 15 dm. high: leaflets 6 to8 pairs, oblong, aristate-mucronate, silky above, silvery sericeous beneath, a stipitate setiform gland between each pair, 2.5to 5 cm. long; stipules subulate, caducous: racemes many-flowered, equaling the leaves: corolla golden-yellow: pod broadly linear, sparsely pilose, 5 em. long, over 4mm. wide.—From the Colorado (near Austin) to the Rio Grande and west to the Pecos. 6. C. occidentalis L. Erect, branching and glabrous, 12 to 1+ dm high: leaflets 4 to 6 pairs, ovate-lauceola te, acute; an ovate gland at the base of the petiole: ra- cemes 3 to 5-flowered, much shorter than the leaves: pod long-linear, with a tumid border, glabrous, 12.5 cm. long.—Reported froin near San Antonio. ** Anthers all perfect. 7. C. Chamecrista L. (PARTRIDGE PEA.) Stems spreading: leaflets small, 10 to 15 pairs, linear-oblong, oblique at base, a cup-shaped gland beneath the lowest pair; stipules persistent: flowers large, on slender pedicels, often some of the yellow petals purple-spotted at base: anthers 10, elongated, unequal (4 yellow, the others purple): pods flat.—In eastern Texas, and extending to Gillespie County and the lower Rio Grande. 8. C. nictitans L. (WILD SENSITIVE-PLANT.) Like the last, but with 10 to 20 pairs of linear-oblong leatlets, very small flowers on very short pedic cls, and 5 nearly equal anthers.—A common eastern species, but reported from our range only west of the Pecos. 9. C. procumbens L. Prostrate, hirsute-pubescent: leaflets 4 to 6 pairs, linear, mucronate, with a short-pedicelled gland at base of petiole: peduncles solitary and 1 flowered, longer than the leaf, bibracteate above the middle: pod somewhat pubes- cent.—A variable tropical American species occurring in Texas between the lower Nueces and the lower Rio Grande. 40. HOFFMANSEGGIA Cay. Low perennial herbs or woody at base, with bipinnate ieaves with or without black glands, naked racemes of yellow flowers opposite the leaves or terminal, a 5-parted calyx, nearly equal petals, 10 distinct stamens with anthers dehiscing longitudinally, and a flat oblong often falecate few to several-seeded pod. 93 * Leaves punctate with black glands. 1. H. Jamesii Torr. & Gray. Herbaceous and finely pubescent: pinne 2 or 8 pairs and anodd ono; the small oblong leaflets 5 to 9 pairs: pods broad, more or le.s lunate, 2.6 om. long, 2 or 3-seeded, sprinkled (as well as the leaves, calyx, and petals) with sessile black glands.—Throughout southern and western Texas. 2. H. melanosticta Gray. Somewhat shrubby at base: branchlets and racemes ernescont with short villous retrorse hairs: pinus 2 pairs and an odd one; leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, obliquely elliptical, together with the rhachis loosely villous, black glandular beneath (as are the calyx and pod): pod 2 or3 seeded, muriculate, the short muriculations stellate-pilose at apex.—A very rare species, reported from Texas only “in the valley of the Rio Grande below Donna Ana” (Mex, Bound. Surv.), and in the Chisos Mountains (Nealley). Resembling H. Jamesii, but with fewer, larger, and more distant leaflets, the whole plant more villous, the calyx more densely black- glandular, and the pods larger and much more muricate and glandular. 3. H. brachycarpa Gray. Stems ascending from a lignescent root, slender, leafy to the top, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous: pinna® 2 pairs and an odd one; leaflots 4 or 5 pairs, elliptical, minutely pubescent or glabrate, lower surface sprinkled with large flat black glands: pod oval, nearly equilateral, 2-seeded, 16 to 18 mm. long, 8 to 10 mm. broad, the sides puberulent or glabrate, the sutures beset with soattered stipitate black glands and with rigid setose-muricate projections.—High prairies between the upper Nueces and the Pecos. ** Leaves destitute of black glands. 4, H. stricta Benth. Branches sparsely glandular and foliage puberulent or gla- brate: pinns 4 to 6 pairs and an odd one; leaflets 6 to 10 pairs, crowded, obliquely oval-oblong, blunt and norveless : raceme strict: claws of the petals long and with copi- ous stipitate glands: pod faleate, blunt, glandular, many-seeiled.—Common in the valleys throughout southern and western Texas. Probably the most common Texan Hoffmanseggia, with au esculent tuberous rootstock, and known as “camote del raton.” Var. DEMISSA Gray is low, with lax short-peduncled racemes, pedicels spread- ing in flower and recurved in fruit, and pod little if at all falcate.—In the mountains west of the Pecos. 5. H. oxycarpa Beuth. Low and slender, from a suffrutescent base: stems and petioles villous-pubescent, often with stipitate glands intermixed: pinne 3 to 5 pairs and an odd one; leaflets oblong, nerveless: petals very short-stipitate and nearly naked: pod broadly falcate, very acute, stipitate-glandular, 4 to 6-seeded, 2.5 cm, or more long, 6 to 8 mm. wide.—High stony prairies from Eagle Pass to the Pecos and beyond. 6. H. Drummondii Torr. & Gray. Low and much branched, suffrutescent, gla- brous aud with a few scattered stipitate glands: pinnae 1 pair and an odd one; leaflets 4 to G pairs, elliptical, obtuse or retuse : pod ovate-oblong, strongly falcate, acute, glabrous, about 2-seeded.—Between the Colorado (uear Austin) and the Rio Grande. 7. H. caudata Gray. Shrubby and very glabrous (petioles, branchlets and calyx with a fow small stipitate glands): pinne 2 or 3 pairs, each with 4 to 7 pairs of leaf- lets, and an elongated terminal one with 9 to 15 pairs; leaflets crowded, thickish, rounded, oblique, subcordate, veiny : pod reticulated, acute, furfuraceous-glandular and roughened with blackish glands, the upper suture straight except the inourved apex, about 5 cm. long.—Sandy ground, between the Nueces and the Rio Grande. 8, H. drepanocarpa Gray. Low, with many short (2.5 to5 cm.) slender stems rising from a thick ligneous root and terminating in the slender peduncle of the elongated and loosely flowered raceme (with the peduncle 15 om, long), every where entirely destitute of glands, but minutely cinereous-puberulent: pinne 3 to 5 pairs and an odd one; leatlets 9 or 10 pairs, oblong, subfaleate, nerveless, crowded, about 6 mm. long: pod broadly linear, rounded at base and apex, strongly falcate, glabrous (or minutely puberulent under a lens), retioulated, impressed between the 9 or 10 seeds, about 3.5 om. long and 6 mm. wide.—From the Pecos to New Mexico. 94 41. PARKINSONIA L. Somewhat spinescent shrubs or trees, with bipinnate leaves, 1 or 2 pairs of pinne, small leaflets, yellow or whitish flowers on slender ped- icels in short loose axillary or terminal racemes, equal sepals, and a short-stipitate flat linear to linear-oblong veined thin coriaceous pod, which is usually more or less torulose and compressed between the seeds. * Leaflets usually very numerous upon a much-elongated flattened rhachis, 1. P. aculeata L. A small tree, glabrous throughont, the slender branches often pendulous: spiny petioles 12 to 24 mm. long or less, bearing 1 or 2 pairs of pinnw near the base or these wanting; leaflets very small, oblong, scattered upon a broad rhachis 15 to 45 em. long; stipules spinescent: racemes axillary, 7.5 to 15 em. long: petals yellow: pod attenuate at each end aud contracted between the distant seeds, 1 to 5-seeded, 5 to 25 em. long.—Throughout southern and western Texas. Often cul- tivated for ornament and known as ‘‘retama.” ** Pinne short and leaflets few on a terete rhachis. 2. P. Torreyana Watson. A small tree, 6 to 9 m. high, with light green and smooth bark; younger branches and leaves sparingly pubescent: leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, oblong, obtuse, narrower towards the scarcely oblique base, glaucous, 4 to 6 mm. long: raceines terminating the branches, with rather loug pedicels jointed near the middle: petals bright yellow, a prominent g'and on the upper one: pod acute, searcely or de- cidedly contracted between the very thick seeds, 2 to 8-seeded, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, with a double groove along the broad ventral suture.—A species of the Arizona region, found by Nealley in Hidalgo County. The “palo verde” of the Mexicans. Usually naked, as the leaves are early deciduous, 3. P. florida Watson. A species of the Mexican side of the Rio Grande Valley, and undoubtedly to be found as well in Texas. It very much resembles P. Torreyana, but can be easily distinguished by its sessile axillary racemes, pods with a narrow acute margin on the veutral side, aud somewhat smaller leaflets. 4. P. Texana Watson. A much branching shrub 6 to 15 dm. bigh, with very rigid divaricate and flexuose branches which are usually armed throughout with short and spreading axillary spines: leaflets 1 or 2 pairs, obloug-obovate, retuse, 4 to 6 mm. long: flowers solitary in the axil of a spine or somewhat racemose at the extremity of some of the branches: pod pubescent, about 2-seeded.—Abundant along the Rio Grande from E] Paso down, often forming dense thickets. 42. CHSALPINIA L. Usually prickly shrubs or trees, with abruptly bipinnate leaves, race- mose or corymbose flowers, unequal sepals, and sessile unarmed flat pods. 1. C. pulcherrima Swartz is common in cultivation in Texas, said to have been introduced from Mexico, It is a prickly shrub with obovate leaflets and very showy orange-colored and variegated flowers, the petals having long stipe-like claws and being handsomely fringed. 43. GLEDITSCHIA L. (Honry-Locust.) Thorny trees, with abruptly once or twice pinnate leaves, inconspic- uous greenish and polygamous flowers in small spikes, 3 to 5 calyx- lobes, petals and stamens, and a flat 1 to many-seeded pod. 95 1. @.triacanthos L. Thorns stout, often triple or compound: leaflets lanceolate- oblong, somewhat serrate: pods linear, elongated, 30 to 45 om. long, often twisted, filled with sweet pulp betw -en the seeds.—An Atlantic species, extending at least to the valley of the Brazos in ‘Texas, and common in cultivation. 44, PROSOPIS L. (Murzquit. ScREW-BEAN.) Trees or shrubs, often armed with axillary spines or spinescent stip- ules, with bipinnate leaves, 1 or 2 pairs of pinnw, usually numerous small entire leaflets, small greenish flowers in cylindrical or globose axillary pedunculate spikes, and a linear pod which is compressed or terete, straight or fuleate or twisted, coriaceous and indehiscent, and with thick partitions between the seeds. * Pod elongated, straight or faloate: spines axillary: spikes cylindrical. 1, P, juliflora DC. (Mrzquit.) Shrub or tree, glabrous or puberulent, with stout axillary spines or unarmed: leatlets 6 to 30 pairs, short-oblong to linear, obtuse or acute, 6 to 36 mim. loug: spikes 5 to 10 om. long, usually dense, 1 to 3-fruited: pod stipitate, 10 to 15 om. long or more, acuminate, at length sweet and pulpy within.— The chief woody plant of the wooded table-lands and high valleys throughout south- ern aud western Texas, often forming impenetrable thickets. Exceedingly useful for fuel, for a gum it yields, and also as an article of food, the ripe bean being one of the staple foods of Mexicans, Indians, and grazing animals, "” Pod thick and spirally twisted in numerous turns: stipules spinescent: spikes globose to oylindrical, 2. P. pubescens Benth. (ScRtW-BEAN. TORNILLO.) Ashrub orsmall tree, resem- bling the last, canescently puberulent or glabrate: leaflets 5 to 8 pairs, oblong, acut- ish, 6 to 8 mm. long: spikes lax, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, on peduncles about equaling the leaves: pod twisted into a narrow straight cylinder 2.5 to 5 cm. long, pulpy within, nearly sessile.—Abundant along the Rio Grande and many of its tributaries from El Paso to Devil’s River. The pod used as food by Mexicans and Indians. 3. P. cinerascens Gray. A similar species with similar fruit, but with the leaves and leaflets much smaller, the common petiole nearly obsolete, the slender spines usually oxceeding the leaves, and the flowers in long peduncled globose heads.—Aloug or near the Lower Rio Grande, 45. NEPTUNIA Lour. Perennial herbs or shrubby plants, diffuse, prostrate, or floating, with bipinuate leaves, small leaflets, yellow flowers in globose heads on solitary axillary peduncles, anthers crowned with a stipitate gland, and an obliquely-oblong, flat, two-valved pod detlexed from the stipe. 1. N. lutea Benth. Pubescent and prostrate, with elongated branches: pinny 3 to 5 pairs; leaflets 15 to 20 pairs, linear-oblong, mucronate, ciliate, much crowded, veiny beneath: pednnoles longer than the leaves: heads many-tlowered, nodding: pod 3 to 8-svedeid, very obtuso, on a rather long stipe.—In eastern and southern Texas, oxtouding as far up the Rio Grande as Engle Pass. 2, N. pubescens Benth. Closely resembling the last, but pinne 2 or 3 pairs, leaf- lots 20 to 30 pairs, Hower-heads much smallor, and the stipe of the pod scarcely ever over 2 mm, long.—Between the Guadalupe and Rio Grande as far up as Eagle Pass. 3. N. tenuis Benth. Almost ¢labrous, diffuse, with slender brauches: pinne ~ to 4 pairs; leallots 10 to 15 pairs, oblong-linear, about 4 mm. long: pod long-stipitate. In eastern Texas, and possibly within our range, 96 46. DESMANTAUS Willd. Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants, with twice-pinnate leaves of numerous small leaflets, axillary peduncles bearing a head of small greenish-white flowers, calyx sometimes pappiform or wanting, 5 or 10 stamens with anthers not gland-bearing, and a flat acute straight or curved pod which is mostly linear. The following is Dr. Watson’s syn- opsis: * Stamens 5: pinne 2 to 8 (usually 5) pairs on a rhachis 1 to 7.5 cm. long: leaflets linear: pod not attenuate at base: glabrous or nearly so. 1. D. brachylobus Benth. Stout: heads many-flowered: peduncles 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long: pod oblong, 4 to 6 nm. broad, faleate.—Usually in wet soil, throughout Texas (excepting perhaps the southern border). 2. D. leptolobus Torr. & Gray. Slender: heads small: peduncles 12 to 24 mm. long: pod elongated-linear, 2 mm. broad, straight, acuminate.—Extending from Ar- kansas into northeastern Texas and probably within our range. ** Stamens 10: leaflets oblong: pod linear. + Pinne 2 to 6 (usually 4 or 5) pairs on a rhachis | to 3.5 cm, long : leaflets veinlesa. 3. D. Jamesii. Torr. & Gray. Rather stout, glabrous or slightly pubescent and the leaves ciliate: heads many-flowered, on short peduncles which are usually ap- proximate at summit and occasionally in pairs: pod 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. broad, acuminate, obtuse or but slightly narrowed at base.—In southern and western Texas. 4. D. velutinus Scheele. Pubescent or rarely nearly glabrous: heads smaller, on peduncles 2.5 to 6.5 em. long: pod 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. broad, acuminate, attenuate at base, straight or nearly so.—In southern and especially extreme western Texas. +-+ Pinne 1 to 4 pairs: heads small. ++ Peduncles short (12 to 24 mm.) : rhachis short (12 mm. or less): pinne usually 1 or 2 pairs: leaflets veinless: pod 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate at base. 5. D. depressus Humb. & Bonpl. Usually glabrous, low and depressed, very slender: leaflets small and narrow: pod straight or nearly so.—A species of the Gulf States, extending through Texas near the coast into Mexico. 6. D. acuminatus Benth. More pubescent, stouter and more erect: leaflets mostly larger and broader: peduncles rarely over 12 mm. long: pod 20 to 40 mm. long, more or less curved.—In the San Antonio valley and southward. ++++ Peduncles elongated (2.5 to 10 om.) : leaflets veined: pod (2.5 to 3.5 cm.) long, obtuse or slightly narrowed at base. 7. D. reticulatus Benth. Glabrous or nearly so: rhachis 12 to 36 mm. long: pe- duncles usually 7.5 to 10 em. long: pod acuminate.—Southern Texas. : 8. D. obtusus Watson. Pubescent: rhachis usually very short (12 mm. or less) : peduncles 2.5 to 6.5 em. long: pod obtuse, apiculate.—Western Texas (Havard). 47. MIMOSA L. (SENSITIVE PLANT.) Mostly shrubby plants or trees, sometimes herbaceous, usually more or less thorny or prickly, with bipinnate leaves which are often sensi- tive to the touch, flowers in globose heads or cylindrical spikes, usually 10 distinct stamens, and flat entire or jointed sometimes prickly pods whose valves separate from and are brouder than the persistent partition. 97 * Pods more or less prickly (raroly unarmed in No. 4). + Pinne 1 or 2 pairs. 1. M. borealis Gray. Erect and smooth shrub, the branches armed with very stout and slightly hooked and scattered infrastipular spines: leaflets 4 or 5 piirs, oval and scarcely inequilateral, thickish and glabrous, about 2 mm. long: pod oblong, stipi- tate, 2 to 4-seeded and breaking up into as many joints, glabrous, the margin sparsely spiny.—Said to be a common bush on the Pecos and westward. On dry gravelly soil, Var. Texana Gray is a form with 5 or 6 pairs of oblong leaflets. + + Pinne 4 to7 pairs. 2. M. flexuosa Benth. A much branched minutely pruinose-puberulent shrub, the white rigid tlexuous branches armed with conical straight usually paired infra- stipular spines: piunw 5 to 7 pairs; leaflets 7 to 10 pairs, oblong, obtuse, thickish, pubernlent, very small, 1mm. long: pod linear, straight or slightly fulcate, minutely whitish puberulent, little more than 2.5 cm. long, scarcely 4 mm. broad, the mar- ginal spines irregular and straight.—Mountain valleys west of the Pecos, 3. M. Lindheimeri Gray. A smooth or minutely puberulent shrub, the branches armed with very stout compressed infristipular spines (solitary, in pairs, or in threes): pinuz 4 to 6 pairs; leaflets 8 to 12 pairs, oblong; stipules spinescent: pod linear-oblong or falcate, glabrous, the margin sparsely armed with stout somewhat hooked spines. --Apparently throughout southern and western Texas. Forms occur with the pinnswg reduced to 2 or 3. 4. M. biuncifera Benth. A shrub with divaricate pubescent branches and hooked usually paired infrastipular spines: pinne 4 to 6 pairs; leaflets 10 to 15 pairs, small and oblong, glabrous above, pubescent beneath: pod narrowly linear, faleate-incurved or sickle shaped, glabrous or nearly so, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, less than 4 mm. wide, the margin more or less beset with hooked prickles or sometimes naked.—In western Texas, most common on dry gravelly soil west of the Pecos. Dr. Havard reports that this species and UM. borealis, noted for the abundance and stoutness of their prickles, are known as ‘‘ ufia de gato.” «** Pods unarmed (rarely armed in Nos. 5 and 7). + Pinne 1 to 3 pairs. 5, M. fragrans Gray. An erect very smooth shrub, with solitary short and stout somewhat recurved infrastipular spines: leaflets 5 or 6 pairs, linear-oblong, 4 mm, long or shorter: pod linear, falcate, very smooth, with 6 to 8 thin-chartaceous joints, usually much constricted between the seeds.—From the Colorado near Austin south- westward to the Rio Grande and westward to New Mexico. Not at all abundant. + + Pinne 4 to 10 pairs. ++ Leaflets 5 to 14 pairs. 6. M. malacophylla Gray. A snffrutescent plant, canescent with a fine and very soft down, with procumbent stems beset (as well as the petioles) with numerous short hooked prickles: pinnw 4 to 7 pairs; leaflets 5 to 8 pairs, ovate or oval-oblong, mucronate and veiny, 6 to 10 mm. long: pod broadly linear, acute, rather long stipi- tate, very smooth and shining, 6 to 8-seeded, 5 cm. or more long.—In the region of the lower Rio Grande. 7, M. dysocarpa Benth. A shrub with reddish-villous branches and petioles, and sparse strong spines: pinnae 6 to 10 pairs; leaflets 8 to 10 pairs, crowded, oblong, acute, sericeous-villous, scarcely 4 mm. long: pod linear-faleate, rigidly almost pun- gently acuminate, densely clothed with a reddish tomentum, 3.5 to 5 om. long, 6 mm. broad, occasionally sparsely armed, at length breaking up into joints.—A species of western Texas, west of the Pecos, and extending into contiguous Mexico and New Mexico and Arizona. 8. M. strigillosa Torr. & Gray. Herbaceous, the stems diffuse and extensively procumbent, usually unarmed (occasionally with a very few short prickles), the young 98 branches, petioles, and peduncles very densely strigose with long whitish scaly hairs (sparsely strigose or even glabrous when old): pinne about 5 pairs; leaflets 10 to 14 pairs, oblong-linear, obtuse, inequilatvral and slightly falcate, nearly glabrous: pod ovate or oblong, very hispid, 1 to 3-jointed.—A species of the low alluvial lands of the Gulf States and extending through the low coast lands of Texas to the lower Rio Grande. ++ ++ Leaflets 20 to 40 pairs. 9. M. Berlandieri Gray. An erect shrub, with branches and sometimes petioles sparsely armed with short straight prickles: pinnae 4 to 6 pairs, strigose on the ribs beneath; leaflets linear, acutish, smooth: pod short-stipitate, oblong-liuear, some- what pubescent, 5 to L0-jointed.—Along or near the lower Rio Grande towards its mouth: reported also by Reverchon from the Sabinal. 48. SCHRANKIA Willd. (SENSITIVE BRIAR.) Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants, with recurved-prickly procumbent stems and petioles, twice-pinnate sensitive leaves of many small leaflets, axillary peduncles bearing globose heads or cylindrical spikes of small flowers, and a long narrow rough-prickly somewhat 4-sided pod whose valves separate from and are usually narrower than the persistent partition. 1. S. uncinata Willd. Prickles hooked: pinnsw 4 to 6 pairs; leaflets elliptical, reticulated with strong veins beneath: pod oblong-linear, nearly terete, short- pointed, densely prickly, 5 cm. long.—An eastern species of diy sandy soils, extend- ing into Texas at least to Gillespie County and the lower Rio Grande. 2. S. angustata Torr. & Gray. Leaflets oblong-linear, scarcely veined: pod slender, 4-sided, taper-pointed, sparingly prickly, about 10 cm. long.—Another eastern species, found in Texas as far as San Diego and probably in the San Antonio region. 3. S. platycarpa Gray. Leaflets oblong and more ciliate: pod broadly linear, flat, acuminate, about 7.5 cm. long, the sides sparsely and the thickened margin densely echinate with very short prickles.—Dry stony prairies near New Braunfels. 4. S. aculeata Willd. Apparently a form of this Mexicau species is reported from Sutherland Springs (Wilson County), with densely pubescent long-beaked pods. 49. LEUCZINA Benth. Trees or shrubs, with bipinnate leaves, white flowers in globose heads, and broadly-linear flat membrano-coriaceous 2-valved pods. 1. L. retusa Benth. A glabrate shrub: pionew 2 to 5 pairs; leaflets 6 to 8 pairs, obliquely obovate or broadly oblong, obtuse or retuse, membranaceous aud veiny: pod 15 to 25 em. long, about 12 mm. broad, more rigid and with thicker margin than jn the next.—Thronghout Texas south of the Colorado and west to New Mexico. 2. L. glauca Benth. A small unarmed and glabrous tree: pinne 4 to 8 pairs; leaflets 10 to 20 pairs, linear, distant, acute, glaucous beneath: pod 12.5 to 15 cm. long, 16 to 20 mm. broad.—From San Saba to Devil’s River and adjacent Mexico (fide Sargent). 3. L. pulverulenta Benth. Brancbes vulverulent-tomentnlose: pinnae 15 to 18 pairs; leaflets about 60 pairs, linear: pod 15 em. long, 14 to 18 mm. broad.—Southern Texas and valley of the lower Rio Grande. 99 50. ACACIA Willd. Shrubs or trees, often spinose or prickly, with bipinnate leaves, small leaflets, small flowers in globose heads or cylindrical spikes on axillary peduncles, numerous exserted stamens, and (usually more or less stipitate) pod straight or curved, thin or thick, flat or terete, 2-valved or indehiscent. * Pods terete or nearly so, indehiscent, at length pulpy or fleshy: flowers in globose heads. 1. A. Farnesiana Willd. (Huisacuz.) A small spreading tree, with straight slender stipular spines, pubescent or glabrous: pinne 4 or 5 pairs; leaflets 10 to 25 pairs, oblong-linear, crowded, 2 to 4 mim. long: pod oblong, cylindrical, aud more or Jess acuminate, straightish or curved, at length turgid and pulpy, longitudinally veined and more or less nodulose, glabrous, 3.5 to 7.5 em. long, becoming 12 10 18 wm. thick.—From San Antonio to the Gulf coast and the lower Rio Grande. Said also to occur along the whole Mexican frontier. Produces a great profusion of very fra- grant heads of yellow flowers in February or March. The hard rose-colored wood is of considerable value. Very common in cultivation. 2. A. tortuosa Willd. Very much resembling the last species and in flower read- ily mistaken for it, but well distinguished by the pod, which is elongated-linear, 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long, narrow, nearly terete, curved, mouiliform, fleshy, and tomentose.— Plains of the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass. A Mexican species. ** Pods flat or flattish. + Leaflets 10 to 50 or more pairs (rarely less in No. 5). 3. A. Emoryana Benth. A glabrous or minutely puberulent unarmed shrub (or with a fow minute prickles) : pinnaw 3 to 6 pairs; leaflets 10 to 25 pairs, oblong-linear, strongly oblique, acutish or obtuse: flowers in oblong or cylindrical spikes, which are more or less elongated and loosely-flowered: pod broatly-linear, flat, covered with a minute down, at least 7.5 cm. long, and nearly 2.5 cin. broil. (4. Coulteri Benth.)—From the high plains near the headwaters of the Leoua River to Kagle Pass on the Rio Grande. 4. A. Berlandieri Benth. A cinereous-puberulent shrub, with sparse prickles or none: pinng 5 to Y pairs; leaflets 25 to 45 pairs, oblong-linear, oblique, acutish, veiny, 4t06 mm. long: flowers in globose heads: pod broadly-linear, usually straight, obtuse, narrowed at base into a stipe, velvety-canescent with a very soft short pubes- cence, 10 to 15 em. long, about 2.5 em. broad, the valves perfectly flat and coriaseous with somewhat thickened margins. (A. tephroloba Gray.)—From the Nueces to the Rio Grande and west to Devil’s River; common on the dry blufts of the lower Rio Grande. 5. A. filicina Willd. A glabrous or somewhat pubescent or even hirsute unarmed shrub (sometimes herbaceous): pinns 2 to 15 pairs; leatlets 20 to 5U or more pairs (rarely but 5 to 10 pairs), very small, oblong-linear, obtuse or acute, with a few scat- tered hairs: flowers in globose heads: pod linear, usually straight, acute or acumi- nate, very flat and membranaceous, with more or less sinuate margin, the reticulated sides impressed about the seeds, often by abortion few or even 1-seeded, pubescent or glabrate, stipitate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long or more, 6 to 12 mm. broad, becoming red- dish or brown at maturity.—Thronghout southern and western Texas. Apparently a very abundant species and exceedingly variable in its foliage and pubescence, but with very characteristic pods. + + Leaflets 2 to 10 pairs. ++ Flowers in globose heads. 6. A. constricta Benth. A nearly glabrous or somewhat viscidulous shrub, with prominent divaricate stipular spines (straight or somewhat curved): pinnaw 2 bo 7 pairs; leaflets G6 to 10 pairs, small (rarely over 2 mm. long), oblong, obtuse, thick, 100 nerveless: pod narrowly linear, straightish or faleate, constricted between the seeds, glabrous, stipitate, with coriaceous valves, 5 to 12.5 em. long, 3 to 4 mm. broad.— Throughout southern Texas, from the lower Rio Grande region tu New Mexico. 7. A. Schottii Torr. A glabrous shrub, with straight stipular spines: leaves fas- cicled ; pinnw 1 pair ; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, filiform-linear and thick, alternate, 4 mm. long: pod lin-ar, curved into a semicircle or even a nearly complete circle, con- stricted between the seeds, short-stipitate, with coriaceous valves, 5 to 7.5 om. long, 6 mm. broad.—Cafion of the San Carlos crossing of the Rio Grande. Discovered by the Mexican Boundary Survey, and rediscovered recently at the same station ‘by. Dr. Havard. 8. A. Reemeriana Schlecht. A stont smooth shrub with stout more or less curved prickles: pinne 2 or 3 pairs; leaflets 2 to 6 pairs, obliquely oblong or obovate, obtuse or retuse, very veiny, 8 to 10 mm. long: pod linear-oblong or oblong, obtuse, move or less falcate, continuous within, flat, 6.5 to 10 em. long, 2.5 cm. or less broad, on a short stipe, the valves somewhat coriaceous and transversely veiny.—Through- out Texas south of the Colorado and west to El Paso. 9. A. malacophylla Benth. A softly pubescent (somewhat climbing?) shrub, with sparse somewhat recurved prickles: leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, oblique, obovate or oblong, obtuse, softly pubescent both sides, 6 to 12 mm. long, obscurely veiny: pod broadly linear, falcate, acute at base and shortly stipitate, subcoriaceous and with a slightly thickened margin, glabrous, 10 cm. long, 18 mm. broad.—‘‘ Uplands of the Leona River.” Var. GLABRATA Benth. is a glabrate form found near San Diego ( Miss Croft). ++ ++ Flowers in more or less elongated spikes. 10. A. amentacea DC. A smooth shrub, with prominent stout straight stipnlar spines: pinne 1 pair; leaflets 2 pairs, obliquely oblong or obovate, obtuse or retuse, shining, with very prominent veins: pod narrowly linear, arcuate (often strougly so), constricted between the seeds, more or less pubescent, acute or acuminate, taper- ing below into a prominent stipe, 7.5 to 10 em. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide.—l'rom the Guadalupe to the lower Rio Grande and west to the Pecos. 51. CALLIANDRA Benth. Ours are very low unarmed shrubs or even herbaceous, with bipinnate leaves, flowers in globose heads with elongated tubular corolla and long-exserted stamens, and straight or slightly curved pods with valves in dehiscing elastically revolute from apex to base. 1. C. conferta Benth. A very low shrub, about 15 cm. high, with pubescent branches and petioles: pinns 1 pair; leaflets 8 to 12 pairs, crowded, scarcely 4 mm. long, obliquely oblong, subcoriaceous, sericeous-villous beneath: pod sessile with a long-tapering base, appressed-villous, about 3.5 cm. long and 6 mm. broad, the valves rather wembranaceous on the sides and with thick margins.—High ground, from the headwaters of the San Felipe to the Rio Grande at Eagle Pass and westward into the mountains west of the Pecos. 2. C. eriophylla Benth. A low stout much branched shrub 7.5 to 30 em. or more high, with pubescent branches and petioles: pinnz 1 to 4 pairs; leaflets 6 to 12 pairs, minute (1 to 5 mm. long or less), ovate or oblong, glabrous above, pilose beneath, soon glabrate and reticulate: pod linear-lancevlate, tapering from the middle to the base, acuminate, strigosely silky-canescent, with strongly thickened almost naked margins, 5 to 10 cin. long, 6mm. broad (C. Chamedrys Engelm.).—From head of Leona River and Eagle Pass on the Rio Grande to the mountains west of the Pecos and of New Mexico. 3. C, humilis Benth. Stems herbaceous nearly to the base, 15 to 25 em. high, copiously pubescent to almost glabrate, from a very long horizontal lignescent root: pinns 3 to 6 pairs; leaflets 20 to 30 pairs, obliquely oblong, ciliate, glabrous abeve, 101 loosely appressed pilose and reticulate beneath: pod hirsute-puberulent or glabrate, with rather membranaceous valves and very thick margins (C. herbacea Engelm.)— In the mountains west of the Pecos, especially near the Limpia. 52. PITHECOLOBIUM Martius. Trees or shrubs, often spiny, with bipinnate leaves, flowers in globose heads or loose spikes, tubular corolla and long-exserted stamens, and a straight or faleate pod transversely partitioned within, the valves not elastically revolute. ; 1. P. brevifolium Benth. (HuaJILLo.) Shrub, with puberulent branchlets, in- florescence and young leaves, and stipular spines: pinne 3 to 5 pairs; leaflets 10 to 20 pairs, oblong-linear, pale beneath, 4 to 6 mm. long: pod straight, very acute, stipi- tate, somewhat membrianaceous, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 12 mm. wide.—Along the lower Rio Grande. ‘The permanent foliage readily eaten by sheep and goats in winter” (Havard). 2. P. flexicaule Coulter. A shrub or small tree, with puberulent inflorescence and branchlets, and short stout stipular spines: pinne 1 or 2 pairs (the lower pair, if present, much the smaller); leaflets 3 or 4 pairs in the upper pair of pinnae, 1 or 2 pairs in the lower, obliquely elliptical, 6 to 10 mm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide: pod coriaceous, becoming very hard and more or less arcuate, with the thickened edges somewhat impressed between the seeds, 10 to 15 cm. long, 18 to 25 mm. wide, about 8 seeded. (Acacia flexicaulis Benth. P. Tecense Coulter.)—In the valley of the Rio Grande, and an abundant species in northern Mexico. ROSACEA. (Rose FAMILY.) Terbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate mostly stipulate leaves, regu- lar flowers, mostly numerous stamens inserted on the calyx, aud one to many pistils distinct and free or coherent with each other and the calyx-tube. I. Ovary superior and not inclosed in the calyx-tube at maturity. * Calyx deciduous, without bractlets: pistil solitary, becoming a drupe. TriBx I. Trees or shrubs, with simple mostly serrate leaves, 2 ovules (but usually a solitary seed), and a terminal style.—PRUNESX. 1. Prunus. Flowers perfect: lobes of calyx and corolla 5: stone of drupe bony. ” * Calyx mostly persistent: pistils few to many (rarely solitary ). + Calyx without bractlets: ovules 2 to many. Tribe II. Shrubs or perennial herbs, with mostly 5 pistils which become 2 to several-seeded pods.— SPIREV E. 2, Eriogynia. Low cespitose perennials, with small entire leaves, racemose or spicate inflorescence, and 2 to 4-seeded coriaceous pod more or less dehiscent by both sutures. 3 Spireea. Usually erect and more or less diffuse shrubs, with serrate or lobed corymbose or paniculate inflorescence, and a 1 to several-seeded pod, which may be very tardily dehiscent. 4. Physocarpus. Shrubs, with palmately lobed leaves, corymbose flowers, and inflated membranaceous dehiscent pods. Tripe III. Perennials, herbaceous or with biennial soft woody stems, with the several or numerous pistils becoming drupelets in fruit.—RUBEZ. 5. Rubus. Pistils numerous, fleshy in fruit, crowded upon a spongy receptacle, 102 ++ Calyx-lobes mostly with bractlets: ov ale solitary. Trine IV. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with few to many 1-ovaled pistils becoming dry achenes.—POTENTILLEZ. = a. Trees or shrubs: styles elongated and plumoss in fruit: calyx imbricated, with- out bractlets (except in No. 8). 6. Cercocarpus. Leaves simpie, entire or toothed: small flowers axillary and solitary: calyx-tube long-cylindrical: petals none: carpels solitary, rarely 2. 7. Cowania. Leaves entire or toothed: showy flowers short-peduacled and ter- minal: calyx-tube short and turbinate: petals 5: carpels 5 to 12. 8. Fallugia. Leaves with linear lobes: showy flowers on long peduncles and some- what panicled: calyx-tube turbinate: petals 5: carpels numerous. b. Herbs: calyx valvate in bud, bracteolate: carpels few to many: stamens and achenes numerous, the latter heaped on a dry receptacle. 9. Geum. Styles persistent and elongated after blooming, often plumose or jointed, strictly terminal. i 10. Potentilla. Styles not elongated after blooming, mostly deciduous, and com- monly more or less lateral. II. Ovaries inferior or inclosed in the calyx-tube. Trise V. Prickly shrubs, with pinnate leaves: petals conspicuous: stamens numer- ous: pistils many, becoming hony achenes and inclosed in the globose or urn-shaped fleshy calyx-tube which resembles a pome.—RusEz. 11. Rosa. The only genus. TrisE VI. Trees or shrubs with stipules free from the petiole: carpels 2 to 5, inclosed in and coalescent with the fleshy or berry-like calyx, in fruit becoming a 2 to several- celled pome.—POME. / 12. Pyrus. Pome containing 2 to5 papery or cartilaginous carpels. 13. Crateegus. Pome.drape-like, with L to 5 bony stones: usually thorny. 1, PRUNUS Tourn. (PLUM, CHERRY, BTC.) Small trees or shrubs, with a deciduous bell-shaped or urn-shaped 5-cleft calyx, 5 spreading petals, 15 to 20 stamens, solitary 2-ovuled pistil, and a fleshy drupe (with bony stone) which is mostly edible. * Flowers from separate lateral scaly buds in early spring, preceding or coetaneous with the leaves. + Flowers several in umbel-like clusters: leaves ample: drupe oblong, smooth, and fleshy: shrubs or (rees. 1. P. Americana Marshall. (WILD YELLOW or RED PLUM.) A thorny tree 3 to 12m. high: leaves ovate or obovate, conspicuously pointed, coarsely or doubly ser- rate, very veiny, glabrous when mature: fruit nearly without bloom, roundish oval, yellow, orange or red,12 to 16 mm. in diameter, with the turgid stone more or less acute on both margins, or when cultivated with a larger fruit and flatter more broadly margined stone. —Common in the Atlantic States, and extending in Texas to the valley of the Concho. Var. mMoLuis Torr. & Gray has the leaves and pedicels pubescent, especially when yonng. Occurring sparsely on the San Antonio and its tributaries, where the fruit is said to be yellow and smaller than in the species (Havard.) 2. P. rivularis Scheele. (CREEK PLUM.) A smallshrub 6 to 18 dm. high, with the foliage of the last, but with fruit the size of a cherry, or a little larger, and cherry red.—Not uncommon on the Colorado and its tributaries and extending to the upper Guadalupe and the Leona. Said by Lindheimer to grow on the “ banks of streams and margins of bottom-woods, forming thickets near the water, rarely on higher places.” The fruit is said to be excellent, 103 + + Flowers solitary or in pairs: leaves small and often fascicled: drupe subglobose, velvely-pubescent, thin-fleshed : very low branching shrubs. 3. P. glandulosa Torr. & Gray. A low somewhat thorny shrub with pubescent and very crooked branches, 3 dm. or so high: leaves small, scarcely 2.5 em. long, pu- bescent, oval, obtuse, often narrowed at base, the ser tations (as well as those of the calyx segments) spreading and very glandular: umbels 1 or 2-flowered.—Eastern Texas, and extending to Gillespie County. 4. P. minutiflora Engelm. A low intricately branching shrub,3 to 6 dm. high, forming dense masses, glabrous: leaves fascicled, oblong or elliptical, very obtuse and usnally entire and glandless, petioled, veiny, 6to 10 mm. long: flowers solitary, subsessile, very small (3 mm. long).—Hills and dry slopes south of the Colorado and west into the mouutains beyond the Pecos, ** Flowers in racemes terminating leafy branches, therefore appearing after the leaves, late in spring. 5. P. Virginiana L. (CHOKE-cuFRRY.) A tall shrub: leaves oval, oblong, or obovate, abruptly pointed, very sharply (often doubly) serrate with slender teeth, thin: fruit red, turning to dark crimson.—River banks of the Atlantic States and west to Texas and the Rocky Mountains. Its range in Texas is unknown. 6. P. serotina Ehrh. (WILD BLACK CHERRY.) A large tree: leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong, taper-pointed, serrate with incurved short and callous teeth, thickish, shining above: racemes elongated: fruit purplich-black.—Southward through Texas to the San Antonio. 7. P. salicifolia HBK. A tree 6 to 9 m. high: leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- late, acuminate or often long-acuminate, frequently more or less attenuate at base, the blade often 7.5 to 10 cm. long: fruit round and black. (P. Capuli Cav. P. Capollin DC.)—Apparently only a Mexican tree, the form extending into southern and western Texas (in the mountains), as well as into New Mexico and Arizona, and which has been referred to the synonyms just quoted, being var. ACUTIFOLIA Watsun, having smaller leaves (rarely 7.5 cm. long), which are acute or rarely subacuminate, and often shrubby. *** Flowers in racemes from the axils of the persistent leaves of the former season. 8. P. Caroliniana Ait. (WILD or MOCK ORANGE.) A tree 10 to 12 m. high: leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate, entire or sometimes spinulose-serrate, cori- aceous, veinless, smooth and shining above: racemes dense, shorter than tke leaves: fruit black, juiceless, persistent.—A species of the Gulf States extending in Texas to the Guadalupe. 2. BRIOGYNIA Hook. Low cespitose perennials, with small and entire rosulate or imbricate leaves, racemose or spicate flowers, and mostly 5 pistils which become 2 to 4-seeded coriaceous pods which are more or less dehiscent by both sutures. 1. E. ceespitosa Watson. Cespitose on rocks, woody at base: leaves rosulate on the short tufted branches of the woody spreading rootstock, oblanceolate or linear- spatulate, silky on both sides, those of the scape scattered and narrower: flowers in dense cylindrical spikes on scape-like stems: calyx-lobes silky: filaments and styles exserted: carpels 3 to 8,somewhat villous or glabrous, 2-seeded. (Spirwa caspitosa Nutt.)—In the mountains west of the Pecos. 3. SPIRZA L. Usually erect and more or less diffuse shrubs, with serrate or lobed leaves, corymbose or paniculate inflorescence, and (in ours) a mem- branous woolly 1-seeded carpel which is very tardily if at all dehiscent. 104 1. S. discolor Pursh, var. DUMOsA Watson. A diffuse pubescent shrub, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves usually small, ovate, cuneate into a short margined petiole, nearly smooth above, often white tomentose beneath, pinnatifidly toothed or lobed : panicle somewhat diffuse and tomentose. (Holodiscus discolor, var. dumosa Maxim. )—Moun- tains west of the Pecos. 4. PHYSOCARPUS Maxim. Diffuse shrubs, with palmately lobed leaves, corymbose flowers, and 1 to 5 divergent inflated membranaceous dehiscent 2 to several-seeded carpels. . 1. P. monogyna. A small shrub: leaves ovate or often cordate, 3-lobed and toothed, sometimes densely white-tomentose beneath: flowers on short pedicels in simple umbel-like corymbs: ovaries densely tomentose and but 1 or 2. (Spiraea monogyna Torr. Neillia Torreyi Watson. Physocarpus Torreyi Maxim. )—In the Guadalupe Mountains. 5. RUBUS Tourn. (BRAMBLE.) Perennial herbs or somewhat shrubby, with prickly stems, compound leaves and serrate leaflets (in ours), a 5-parted calyx without bractlets, 5 deciduous petals (usually white), numerous stamens, and numerous pistils becoming fleshy drupelets and crowded upon a spongy receptacle, forming an edible fruit. 1. R. occidentalis L. (BLACK RASPBERRY. THIMBLEBERRY.) Glaucous all over: stems recurved, armed with hooked prickles, not bristly: leaflets 3 (rarely 5), ovate, pointed, coarsely and doubly serrate, whitened-downy underneath: petals shorter than the sepals: fruit separating in a mass from the dry oblong receptacle, hemispherical, purple-black.—A common northern raspberry, reported from Gillespie County (Jermy). 2. R. trivialis Michx. (Low BUSH-BLACKBERRY.) Shrubby, procumbent, bristly and prickly: leaves evergreen, coriaceous, nearly glabrous; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5), ovate-oblong or lanceolate, sharply serrate: petals large: fruit not separating from the juicy prolonged receptacle, blackish.—A southern blackberry, apparently common in eastern, southern, and western Texas. 6. CERCOCARPUS HBK. (MounraIn MAHOGANY.) Small trees or shrubs, with simple entire or toothed evergreen leaves, small axillary and solitary flowers, calyx without bractlets, a long- cylindrical calyx-tube, no petals, and usually a solitary carpel which becomes a coriaceous linear terete villous fruit included in the enlarged calyx-tube and tailed with the elongated and plumose style. 1. C. parvifolius Nutt. A shrub 6 to 30 dm. high (sometimes twice as high): leaves cuneate-obovate, coriaceous, serrate towards the obtuse or rounded summit, more or less silky above, densely hoary-tomentose beneath: flowers on short slender pedicels: limb of calyx with short teeth: tail of achene often 10 cm. long.—Moun- tains and bluffs west of the Pecos. Var, PAUCIDENTATUS Watson is a Mexican form extending into the mountains west of the Pecos, in which the leaves are smaller and entire, or sparingly toothed at summit, 105 7, COWANIA Don. (CLIFF rost.) Shrubs, with small coriaceous entire or toothed leaves, showy, short- peduncled and terminal flowers, a short turbinate calyx-tube, 5 petals, 5 to 12 densely villous carpels becoming coriaceous narrowly-oblong striated fruits nearly included in the dilated calyx-tube, and tailed with the elongated plumose styles. 1. C. ericzefolia Torr. A straggling bush 3 to 6 dm. high, with very branching stem and heath like leaves, which are linear and entire, 4 to 6 mm. long, cuspidate, whitish hairy beneath, with strongly revolute margins: flowers white.—Crevices of limestone rocks on the Rio Grande above the mouth of the Pecos. 2. C. Havardi Watson, A much branched shrub 6 to 9 dm. high, with rough gray- ish brown bark and very near the last: leaves distichously fascicled at the ends of the numerous very short branchlets, entire, revolute-terete, white-tomentose below, glabrous above, spinulose-apiculate, 4 to 6 mm. long: flowers solitary ou the branch- lets, shortly pedicellate: calyx-lobes glandular-hispid: petals whito or yellowish, 6 to 8 mm. long: carpels 8, with the plumose tails 2.5 em. long or less.—‘‘On a rocky mountain west of Tornillo Creek, western Texas” (Havard). 8. FALLUGIA Endl. A low undershrub, with pinnately lobed leaves with revolute mar- gins, showy white solitary or panicled flowers terminating slender elongated naked peduncles, br acteolate calyx with a short-hemispheri- cal tube, 5 petals, and numero us densely villous carpels becoming nar- rowly oblong exserted achenes tailed with the elongated plumose styles. 1. P. paradoxa Endl. Much branched, 6 to 9 dm. high, with white persistent epidermis: leaves scattered or fascicled, somewhat villous and thick, 6 to 20 mm. long, sessile, cuneate and attenuate into a linear base, pinnately 3 to 7-cleft above, the segments linear and obtuse: flowers few, 2.5 cin. or more in diameter: calyx- lobes ovate, the apex linear or trifid: bractlets linear, entire, bifid or 2-parted: achenes very numerous, 3 mm. long, the slender plumose tail 2.5 to 5 cm. long.—Com- mon in the mountains west of the Pecos. An easily recognized plant by its feathery appearance from the numerous long plumose persistent styles. 9,GHUM L. (AVENS.) Perennial herbs, with pinnate or lyrate leaves, valvate bracteolate calyx, persistent strictly terminal styles which are elongated after blooming and often plumose or jointed, and numerous stamens and achenes, the latter heaped on a dry receptacle. 1. G. album Gmelin. Smoothish or softly pubescent: stem slender, 6 dm. high: root-leaves of 3 to 5 leaflets, or simple and rounded, with a few minute leaflets on the petiole below; those of the stem 3-divided or lobed, or only toothed: calyx lobes reflexed: petals small, white or pale greenish-yellow: styles jointed and bent near the middle, the upper part deciduous and mostly hairy, the lower naked and hooked, becoming elongated: head of fruit sessile in the calyx, the receptacle densely bristly- hirsute.—A common eastern species, extending inte Texas to the valley of the San Antonio. 2816—02——_8 106 10. POTENTILLA L. (CrINQUE-FoIL. FIVE-FINGER.) Herbs or rarely shrubs, with compound leaves, solitary or cymose flowers, valvate bracteolate calyx, mostly deciduous and commonly more or less lateral styles which are not elongated after blooming, and numerous stamens and achenes, the latter heaped on a dry receptacle. 1. P. supina L. Stems decumbent at base or erect, often stout, leafy, subvillous: leaves pinnate, with 5 to 11 obovate or oblong incisely-serrate leaflets: cyme loose and leafy, with small yellow flowers: stamens 20: style terminal: achenes glabrous, strongly gibbons on the ventral side. (P. paradoxa Nutt.)—Along the upper Rio Grande above the Pecos. 11. ROSA Tourn. (ROSE.) Usually spiny or prickly shrubs, with odd-pinnate leaves and stipules cohering with the petiole, conspicuous obovate or obcordate petals, numerous stamens, and many pistils becoming bony achenes and in- closed in the globose or urn-shaped fleshy calyx-tube which resembles @ pome. * Sepals connivent and persistent after flowering. 1. R. Arkansana Porter. Very prickly, but without infrastipular spines: stipules narrow ; leaflets 7 to 11, subcuneate at base, simply toothed, not resinous: flowers corymbose, the pedicels (as well as receptacles) naked: sepals not hispid, the outer lobed: fruit globose.—Common in the mountains west of the Pecos; also in Gillespie County and northward. 2. R. Fendleri Crepin. Infrastipular spines straight or recurved ; often with scat- tered prickles: stipules short and narrow; leaflets 5 or 7, cuneate at base, usually glaucous, the teeth usually simple: flowers small, often solitary, the short pedicels, receptacles, and entire sepals glabrous (or the last subpubescent): fruit globose.— West of the Pecos. * * Sepals spreading after flowering and deciduous: infrastipular spines present, often with scattered prickles. 3. R. foliolosa Nutt. Stems low, with short straight or curved spines: stipules narrow ; leaflets 7 to 11, narrow, glabrous or nearly so, with simple teeth: flowers solitary, on very short pedicels which (as well as calyx and receptacl’) are hispid: outer sepals lobed, the base of the calyx persistent on the globose fruit: styles dis- tinct, numerous and persistent.—Throughovut eastern and central Texas. 4. R. setigera Michx. (CLIMBING or PRAIRIE ROSE.) Stems very tall and climb- ing, with stout recurved scattered spines and no prickles: stipules very narrow; leaflets 3 or 5, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, coarsely and simply serrate, smooth above and usually more or less tomentose beneath: flowers corymbose, the slender pedicels and sepals hispid, the latter usually with 1 or 2 lateral lobes and the base of the calyx persistent: styles persistent and connate into a smooth slen ler column: fruit oblong to globose.—A common eastern species extending into northern Texas. 12. PYRUS L. (Pear. APPLE.) Trees or shrubs, with showy flowers in corymbed cymes, free stipules and urn-shaped calyx-tube which becomes flesby and incloses and coalesces with the 2 to 5 papery or cartilaginous 2-seeded carpels. 1. P. coronaria L. (AMERICAN CRAB-APPLE.) A small and somewhat thorny tree, with large rose-colored very fragrant blossoms few in a simple umbel-like 107 cyme: leaves simple, ovate, cut-serrate or lobed, soon glabrons: styles woolly and united at base: fruit fleshy, globular, fragrant ard greenish, sunk in at the attach- ment of the stalk.—A common crab-apple of the Eastern States, extending to the northern border of ‘Texas, and reported from Gillespie County. 13. CRATAIGUS L. (Hawriuorn. WHITE THORN.) Thorny shrubs or small trees, with simple and mostly lobed leaves, white corymbed flowers, free stipules, and an urn-shaped calyx-tube which becomes fleshy and incloses and coalesces with the pistils in fruit, which is drupe-like, containing 1 to 5 bony 1-seeded stones. * Fruit-small (not larger than peas), bright red: flowers mostly small: styles 5: glabrous and glandless. 1. C. spathulata Michx. Shrub or tree, 3 to 9 m. high: leaves thickish, shining, deciduous, spatulate or oblanceolate, with a long tapering base, crenate above, rarcly out-lobed, nearly sessile-—A species of the Gulf States and extending to the lower Colorado in Texas. 2. C. arborescens Ell. A small tree, 6 to9 m. high: leaves thin, oval or elliptical, acute at both ends, finely serrate, sometimes obscurely toothed near the apex, on slendcr petioles: corymbs very numerous.—Same range as the last. ** Hpyit large (12 to 25 mm. long), red: flowers large: styles 1 to 3: stipules, calyx-teeth, bracts, ete., often beset with glands. 3. C. coccinea L., var. MOLLIS Torr. & Gray. A small tree, 6 to 9m. high, with densely pubescent shoots and stout chestnut-brown spines: leaves large, -lender- petioled, cuneate, truncate or cordate at base, usnally with acute narrow lobes, often subscabrous above, more or less densely pubescent beneath: fruit bright scar- let with a light bloom, 2.5 om. broad. (C. tomentosa, var. mollis Gray. C. subvillosa Schrad.)—A species of the Eastern States, extending in Texas to the valley of the Sau Antonio and its tributaries. 4. C. Crus-galli L. (CockspuR THORN.) A small tree 3 to 12 m. high, with horizontal branches and slender thorns often 10 cm. long, glabrous: leaves thick, dark vreon, shining above, wedge-obovate and oblanceolate, tapering into a very short petiole, serrate above the middle: fruit globular, dull red, 8 mm. in diameter.— Extending into Texas to the Colorado and its tributaries. SAXIFRAGACEH. (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY). Herbs or shrubs, of various aspect, distinguished from Rosacew by having opposite as well as alternate leaves, usually no stipules, the stamens mostly definite, and the carpels commonly fewer than the sepals, either separate or partly so, or all combined into one compound pistil. Trisn I. Herbs, with alternate leaves, distinct styles or carpel-tips, and a dry capsular fruit. —SAXIPRAGEZ. 1. Heuchera. Flowers paniculate: leaves chiefly radical: calyx bell-shaped, co- herent with the ovary below: petals small and entire: stainens 5: ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placents alternate with the stigmas. 2. Lepuropetalon. Very small herbs, with solitary flowers: capsule half-superior: stameus 5, included: ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal plucentw opposite the stigmas. Trinv IT. Shrubs, with opposite si nple leaves, and a 2 to 5-cellod capsular fruit.— HypRaNckds. 108 * Stamens 20 or more: ovary inferior: seeds numerous. 3. Philadelphus. Ovary 4 or 5-celled: petals convolute in bud. ** Stamens fewer: ovary superior or nearly so. 4, Fendlera. Calyx-tube half-adherent to the 4-celled ovary and capsule: petals 4, ovate-deltoid: stamens 4, the filaments 2-lobed: styles 4. 5. Whipplea. Calyx nearly free from the 3 to 5-celled ovary: petals 5 or 6: sta- mens 4 to 12: styles 3 to 5, distinct: seeds and ovules solitary in the cells. Tribe III. Shrubs, with alternate simple leaves, and fruit a berry.—RIBESIEa. 6. Ribes. Calyx-tube adnate to the 1-celled ovary: placents 2, parietal, many- seeded, 1. HEUCHERA L. (ALUM-ROOT.) Perennials, with the round heart-shaped leaves principally from the rootstock, greenish or purplish flowers in small clusters disposed in a prolonged and narrow panicle, a bell-shaped calyx coherent with the ovary below, small entire petals, 5 stamens, 2 slender styles, and a 1-celled 2-beaked capsule opening between the beaks. 1. H. rubescens Torr. Scape usually naked, glabrous or somewhat scabrous, 2 to 4 dm. high: leaves nearly glabrous, slightly lobed, crenate-dentate, the teeth cil- iate: panicle loosely many-flowered, often somewhat reddish: petals linear, more or less rose-colored or white: stamens and styles exserted.—Mountains west of the Pecos. 2. LEPUROPETALON EIl. ‘ A very small tufted annual herb, with alternate spatulate leaves, sol- itary terminal white flowers, a turbinate calyx cohering with the ovary below, minnte spatulate petals, 5 very short stamens, 3 styles, and a globular 1-celled many-seeded capsule loculicidally 3-valved at apex. 1. L. spathulatum Ell. Only 12 mm. or so high.—A very early bloomer; in damp places in the Gulf States, and extending into the low grounds of eastern and southern Texas. 3. PHILADELPHUS L. (Syrinca. MOCK ORANGE.) Branching shrubs, with opposite (in ours entire) leaves, showy white flowers, a 4 or 5-parted calyx-limb, large rounded or obovate petals convolute in bud, 20 or more stamens, 3 to 5 united styles, and an in- feriot 4 or 5-celled many-seeded ovary becoming a capsular fruit. 1. P. microphyllus Gray. Branches slender and erect: leaves small, 12 to 18 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, shining above, pale and minutely pilose beneath, narrowed at base into a very short petiole: calyx 4-cleft, glabrous without, tomen- tulose within: styles united to the apex.—In the mountains west of the Pecos. 2. P. serpyllifolius Gray. A low much branching bush with rigid crowded branches: leaves smaller, 6 to 10 mm. long, much crowded, oval or ovate oblong, ob- tuse, green and pubescent or puberulent above, white with a dense covering of ap- pressed villous hairs beneath: flowers smaller, very numerous, mostly solitary and subsessile at the apex of the spurs or short leafy branchlets: calyx silky-pubescent: styles very short, united to the apex.—In the mountains west of the Pecos, and extending east of it to the Sabinal (Reverchon), 109 4. FENDLERA Engelm. & Gray An erect branching shrub, with opposite entire leaves, white flowers, an 8-ribbed calyx-tube half-adherent to the 4-celled ovary and capsule, 4 ovate-deltoid clawed emarginate petals, 8 stamens with filaments 2-forked at apex and the lobes divaricate and extended beyond the cuspidate anther, and a crustaceous capsule with reticulated seeds winged below. 1. F. rupicola Engelm. & Gray. Pubescent or glabrate, with terete striate branches: leaves deciduous, subsessile, oblong, very entire, 3-nerved at base: flow-- ers 1 to 3, peduncled, terminal on the short branchlets.—Sparingly from the Sabinal to the Pecos, and common in the mountains beyond. 5. WHIPPLEA Torr. Small and low diffuse pubescent shrubs, with opposite slightly-peti- oled leaves, small white cymose-clustered flowers on a terminal naked peduncle, a calyx nearly free from the 3 to 5-celled ovary, 5 petals, 4 to 12 stamens, 3 to 5 distinct styles, and a septicidal capsule dehiscent into 3 to 5 cartilaginous 1-seeded portions. 1. W. Utahensis Watson. An upright much-branched little shrub: leaves thick- ish, 6 to 12 mm. long, elliptical or linear-oblong, very obtuse and entire: cyme rather short-peduncled, 3 to 7-flowered: calyx-tube elongated-turbinate, adnate to the lower half of the cylindraceous 3-celled capsule: styles 3,—In the mountains west of the Pecos. 6. RIBES L. (CURRANT. GOOSEBERRY.) Shrubs, with alternate palmately-veined and lobed leaves, racemose flowers (iu ours), calyx-tube adnate to the 1-celled ovary, and fruit a many-seeded berry.—Ours have neither thorns nor prickles. 1. R. viscosissimum Pursh. From 3 to 9 dm. high, pubescent and viscid- glandular: leaves cordate-rounded and moderately lobed, 2.5 to 10 cm. in diameter: raceme somewhat corymb-like and few-flowered, the flowers dull white or greenish or sometimes purplish-tinged: calyx-tube at first campanulate, its lobes oblong and at least half the length of the tube: berry black and more or less glandular.—Spar- ingly in the mountains west of the Pecos, and apparently the only gooseberry of western Texas. 2. R. aureum Pursh. (BUFFALO CURRANT). Shrub 15 to 36 dm. high, glabrous or almost so and glandless: leaves 3 to 5-lobed, rarely at all cordate, the lobes usu- ally few-toothed or incised: racemes short, 5 to 10-flowered, the flowers golden-yellow and spicy-fragrant: tube of the salver-form calyx 3 or 4 times longer than the oval lobes: berry small, yellowish turning blackish,naked and glabrous.—In shady ravines in western Texas, chiefly beyond the Pecos. Often also cultivated for ornament. CRASSULACEZ. (ORPINE FAMILY). Succulent or fleshy and mostly herbaceous plants, with completely symmetrical as well as regular flowers, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils all of the same number (3 to 12) and usually distinct, or the stamens twice as many, and the carpels becoming follicles. 1. Tilleea. Parts of the flawer each 3 to 5, with the stamens just as many: smal] annuals, with opposite leaves and minute axillary flowers. 110 2. Sedum. Parts of the flower each 4 to 7, with the stamens twice as many, and petals dstinct: low annual or perennial herbs, with cymose conspicuons flowers. 3. Cotyledon. Parts of the flower in fives, with stamens 10, and petals somewhat united: stout perennial herbs, or fleshy-woody'‘at base, with showy spicate or race- mose flowers. 1. TILLZIA L. Small slender somewhat succulent glabrous annuals, with opposite entire leaves, minute axillary white or reddish flowers, 3 to 5 sepals and petals and just as many stamens. 1. T. Drummondii Torr. & Gray. Stems dichotomonsand diffuse: leaves oblong- linear, rather obtuse, somewhat connate: flowers mostly solitary, on pedicels at length as long as the leaves: the reddish petals and obtuse carpels twice as long as the sepals.—In eastern Texas, and extending to Gillespie County. 2. SEDUM L. (STONE-CROP.) Mostly perennial and glabrous herbs, with fleshy leaves, cymose and often secund flowers, 4 or 5 sepals and petals, the latter distinct and twice as many stamens. 1. S. Torreyi Don. Branched from the base, erect or decumbent, 5 to 10 cm. high: leaves all scattered, oblong, about 4 mm. long: cyme compound, the flowers sessile, swwall, scattered along the circinate branches: petals yellow, lanceolate, acute, rather longer than the ovate sepals: styles short. (8S. sparsiflorum Nutt.)—Extending from Arkansas to the upper Colorado and upper Guadalupe in Texas. 2. S. Wrightii Gray. Stems diffusely spreading or at first erect: leaves few, th ck- fleshy, obovate, or those of the flowering branches oblong, 6 to 8 mm. long: flowers very short-pedicelled, in a very compact, compound cyme: petals white, tinged with rose, spatulate, obtuse, and mucronate, twice as long as the oblong obtuse sepals.— Among rocks, from Devil’s River to the hills near El Paso. 3. S. Liebmannianum Hemsl. Low and branching, 5 to 7.5 cm. high: leaves fleshy, approximate or imbricate, ovate-oblong or elliptical, obtuse or rounded, 2 to 4mm. long: flowers few and small at the summits of the branches, short-pedicelled : petals rosy-white, linear-lanceolate, mucronulate, dorsally-keeled, thrice longer than the oblong obtuse sepals.—A Mexican species, found in the Chisos Mountains of west- ern Texas (Havard). 3. COTYLEDON L. Herbs, or soft woody at base, with very thick and fleshy entire leaves (the lower rosulate), often large and showy spicate or racemose flowers, parts of the flower in fives, the petals more or less united, and 10 stamens. 1. C. strictiflora Baker. Radical leaves spatulate-lanceolate, cauline lanceolate and small, the similar floral ones shorter than the flower: flowers scarlet, 16 mm. long, short-pedicelled, in a very strict and close secund raceme or spike, 15 to 20 cm. long: petals long attenuate-acuminate, much longer than the oblong sepals. (Echeveria strictiflora Gray.)—Rocky cafions in the mountains west of the Pecos. HALORAGEH. (WATER-MILFOIL FAMILY.) Aquatic or marsh plants, with the inconspicuous symmetrical flowers sessile in the axils of leaves or bracts, the calyx-tube coherent with the ovary, which consists of 2 to 4 more or less united carpels, the styles or sessile stigmas distinct. 111 1. Myriophyllum. Flowers monocious or polygamous, the parts in fours, with or without petals: stamens 4 or 8: leaves often whorled, the immersed ones pin- nately dissected. 2. Proserpinaca. Flowers perfect, the parts in threes: petals none: leaves alter- nate, the inmersed ones pinnately dissected. 1. MYRIOPHYLLUM Vaill. (WaTER-MILFOIL.) Perennial aquatics, with crowded, often whorled leaves (those under water pinnately dissected into capillary divisions), sessile monwcious or polygamous flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, and a nut-like 4-celled deeply 4-lobed fruit. 1, M. heterophyllum Michx. Stem stout: leaves whorled in fours and fives; floral ones ovate and lanceolate, thick, crowded, sharply serrate; lowest pinnatifid: stamens 4: fruit obscurely roughened.—Reported from streams between the Perdi- nales and Eagle Pass, but doubtless widely distributed. 2. PROSBRPINACA L. (MERMAID WEED.) Low perennial herbs, with stems creeping at base, alternate leaves, small perfect flowers sessile in the axils (solitary or 3 or 4 together) with parts in threes, and a bony 3-angled 3-celled 3-seeded nut-like fruit. 1. P. palustris L. Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate, the lower pectinate when under water: fruit sharply angled.—Reported from the Nueces and its tributaries, 2. P. pectinacea Lam. Leaves all pectinate, the divisions linear-awl-shaped: fruit rather obtusely angled.—On the Perdinales. LYTHRARIEH. (LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY.) Mostly herbs, with mostly opposite entire leaves, no stipules, axillary or whorled flowers, calyx inclosing but free from the 1 to 4-celled many- seeded ovary and membranous capsule and bearing the 4 to 7 deciduous petals and 4 to 14 stamens on its throat, solitary style with capitate or 2-lobed stigma. * Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils of the leaves, sessile or nearly so." 1. Rotala. Calyx short, the sinuses appendaged: petals and stamens 4: capsule septicidal, with 3 or 4 valves, / 2. Ammannia. Calyx as in the last: petals generally 4 or none: stamens 4: cap- sule bursting irregularly. ** Flowers solitary, but on distinct, often very long pedicels, 3. Neszea. Petals generally 6: stamens 12 or 13. *** Flowers in 3 to many-flowered axillary cymes, 4, Lythrum. Calyx tubular: petals usually 6: stamens mostly 6 or 12. 1. ROTALA L. Low and smooth herbs, with short-campanulate or semiglobose calyx having tooth-like appendages at the sinuses, 4 petals, 4 short stamens, and a globular 4-celled septicidal capsule with the valves transversely and densely striate under a lens. 112 1. R. ramosior Koehne. Leaves tapering at base or into a short petiole, linear- oblanceolate or somewhat spatulate: flowers selitary (rarely 3) in the axils and sessile: accessory teeth of calyx as long as the lobes or shorter. (Ammannia humilis Michx.)—A species of the Eastern States and extending into Texas to San Saba County. : 2. AMMANNIA Houston. Low and inconspicuous smooth herbs, with opposite narrow leaves, small axillary flowers (sessile or nearly so), 4-angled and 4-toothed calyx usually with a little horn-shaped appendage at each sinus, 4 purplish _ petals (or sometimes wanting), 4 or 8 stamens, and a globular 2 to 4-celled capsule which bursts irregularly. 1. A. coccinea Rottb. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5 to 7.5 em. long, with a broad auricled sessile base: cymes subsessile, dense: petals purplish: stamens 4 or 8, more or less exserted: style usually slender: capsule included. (A. latifolia of American authors, not L.)—Reported from the upper Guadalupe and San Antonio, but doubt- less throughout eastern and southern Texas. 2. A. auriculata Willd. Resembling the last, but distinguished by its decidedly nedunculate tlowers and rather loose cymes, 4 (rarely 3) stamens, and half-exserted capsule. (A. Wrightii Gray)—Along the tributaries of the upper Rio Grande, espe- cially above the Pecos. 3. NESZA Comm. Slender herbs or shrubs, with opposite leaves, solitary axillary flowers on very long peduncles, generally 6 petals, 12 or 13 stameus, and septi- cidal or septifragal capsule. 1, N. longipes Gray. Aslender much branching glabrous herb, diffuse or ascend- ing, 3to9 dm. long: leaves linear, subsessile, auriculate at base, with revolute margins, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide: pedancles filiform, elongated, about as long as the leaves, bibracteolate near the purple flower: capsule opening by a little lid and then splitting septifragally.—Wet places along the Rio Grande. 2, N. salicifolia HBK. A glabrousshrub: leaves lanceolate, tapering into a short petiole, sometimes whorled : peduncles short: calyx-lobes connivent-closed above the septicidal capsule. (Heimia salicifolia Link)—Along the Lower Rio Grande. 4. LYTHRUM L. (Loossstrire). Slender herbs, with opposite or scattered mostly sessile leaves, pur- ple flowers in 3 to many-flowered axillary cymes, a tubular striated calyx appendaged in the sinuses, 5 to 7 petals, as many or twice as many stamens, and an oblong 2-celled capsule. 1, L. alatum Pursh. Tall and wand-like perennial, the branches with margined angles: leaves oblong-ovate to linear-lanceolate, acute, with a cordate or rounded base, the upper mostly alternate: calyx 4 to 8 mm. long: petals rather large, deep purple: stamens of the short-styled flowers exserted: fleshy hypogynous ring prom- inent.—In low ground throughout southern and western Texas. ‘The following species have a similar range, are very closely related, and have usually been regarded as but varieties of LZ. alatum, but have been recently set apart by Kochne as species. 2. L.Janceolatum Ell. Leaves oblong-linear or lanceolate, with an acute or cuneate base: the fleshy hypogynous ring as prominent as in the last (as high as broad). (L. breviflorum Wats.) 3. L. ovalifolium Engelm. Leaves suborbicular or oblong: the fleshy hypogynous ring small, (L. alatum, vars. ovalifoliua and pumilum Gray.) ‘ 113 4. L. album HBK. Leaves linear, or the cauline ones linear-lanceolate: the eae pogynous ring very small. (ZL. alatum, vars. linearifotium and lanceolatum Tay. ONAGRARIEX. (EVENING-PRIMROSE FAmIy.) Herbs, with usually 4-merous perfect and symmetrical flowers. oppo. site or alternate leaves, mostly no stipules, calyx-tube cobering with the 2 to 4-celled ovary, petals convolute in bud (sometimes wanting), Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals or calyx-lobes and inserted on the summit of the calyx-tube, a single slender style and a - 2 to 4-lobed or capitate stigma. * Fruit a many-seeded usually loculicidal pod. + Calyx-limb divided to the summit of the ovary, persistent. 1. Jussizea. Petals 4 to 6: stamens twice as many: capsule elongated. 2. Ludwigia. Petals 4 or none: stamens 4: capsule short. + + Calyx-tube prolonged beyond the ovary (but slightly so in No. 3) and deciduous from it: flowers 4-merous. 3. Epilobium. Seeds silky-tufted: flowers small, not yellow: lower leaves often Opposite, 4, Ginothera. Seeds naked: flowers mostly yellow: leaves alternate. * * Fruit dry and indehiscent, 1 to 4-seeded: leaves alternate. 5. Gaura, Calyx-tube obconical: filaments appendaged at base. 6. Stenosiphon. Calyx-tube filiform: filaments not appendaged. 1. JUSSIBA L. Herbs, with mostly entire and alternate leaves, axillary yellow flowers, elongated calyx-tube not at all prolonged beyond the ovary and with 4 to 6 persistent herbaceous lobes, 4 to 6 petals, twice as many stamens, and a loug 4 to 6-celled capsule opening between the ribs. 1. J. repens L. Stem creeping, or floating and rooting: leaves oblong, tapering into a slender petiole: flowers large, long peduncled: calyx-lobes and obovate petals 5: pod woody, cylindrical, with a tapering base.—In streams, from the San Antonio northward and eastward. 2. LUDWIGIA L. (FALSE LOOSESTRIFE.) Perennial herbs, with alternate or opposite leaves, axillary flowers, calyx-tube not at all prolonged beyond the ovary and with 4 usually persistent lobes, 4 petals (often small or wanting), 4 stamens, and a short or cylindrical many-seeded capsule. 1. L. palustris Ell. (WaATER-PURSLANE.) Smooth, the stems creeping or floating: leaves all opposite, ovate or oval, tapering into a slender petiole: petals none, or small and reddish when the plant grows out of water: calyx-lobes very short: cap- sules oblong, 4-sided, not tapering at base, 4 mm. long, sessile in the axils.—Appar- ently throughout eastern and southern Texas and beyond the Pecos. 2. L. natans Ell. Like the last, but with larger flowéra, yellow petals (or none), and a much larger conspicuously bibracteolate capsule which is attenuate from the middle to the base, turbinate when young, at length 4-sided.—A species of the Gulf States and extending through central and southern Texas to beyond the Pecos. 114 3. EPILOBIUM L. (WILLOW-HERB.) Mostly perennials, with nearly sessile leaves, violet or purple or white flowers, calyx-tube scarcely prolonged beyond the ovary and with a 4 or 5-lobed deciduous limb, 4 petals, 8 stamens with short anthers, and a linear capsule containing numerous seeds with a tuft of long hairs at the end. 1. E. adenocaulon Haussk., var. (?) PERPLEXANS Trelease. Simple or nearly so, almost smooth below, mostly canescent with incurved hairs in the inflor scence: leaves 2.5 to 5 cm. long, divergent, lanceolate, rather obtuse and sparingly unduo- late-serrulate, more or less tapering into a short petiole: flowers small, with rose- colored petals: seeds obovoid, with a tuft of white hairs. (Z. coloratum of Contr. Nat. Herb. I., 37)—Sumewhat abundant west of the Pecos. 4. CGNOTHERA L. (EVENING PRIMROSE.) Plants of diverse habit, with alternate leaves, yellow or white or rose- colored flowers, deciduous calyx-tube prolonged beyond the ovary and with 4 reflexed lobes, 4 petals, 8 stamens with mostly linear and versa- tile anthers, and a 4-valved capsule containing many naked seeds. §1. Stigma-lobes linear, elongated (very short in No. 10): calyx tube linear, slightly dilated at the throat: petals never lilac or purple: anthers linear. * Caulescent: flowers erect before opening, yellow, the calyx-tips free: capsules sessile, coriaceous, straight or ucarly so: seeds in 2 rows in each cell. + Flowers in a leafy spike: capsuies oblong, slightly attenuate above : seed with more or less margined angles, nearly smooth. 1. Gi. biennis L. Rather stout, erect, 3 to 15 dm. high, usually simple, canescently puberulent and more or less hirsute or strigose: leaves lanceolate to oblong, or rarely ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, repandly denticulate, the low- est petioled: calyx-tube 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long: capsule 18 to 25 mm. long.—Throughout Texas. Var. GRANDIFLORA Lindl. has petals equaling the calyx-tube. 2. Ga. Jamesii Torr. & Gray. Resembling the last, but much stouter and larger- flowered, the stem 15 to 30 dm. high, becoming thick and woody at base: pubescence appressed, canescently puberulent, with scattered substrigose hairs: calyx-tube 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long: capsule 2.5 to 5cm. long.—On stream banks, from the Colorado west to the mountains beyond the Pecos and New Mexico. + + Flowers in a leafy spike: capsules linear: seeds not margined, minutely tuberculate. 3. GB. heterophylla Spach. Erect, often branched above, 3 to 6 dm. high, pubes- cence usually sparse, strigose or hirsute : leaves lanceolate, acute, the lower attenuate at: base and occasionally sinuate-pinnatifid, the upper repand-denticulale, the upper- most oblong to ovate-lanceolate or subcordate: spike rather loose and few-flowered: calyx-tube slender, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, sparing villous: petals roundish: capsule 18 to 25 mm. long—Plains of western Texas. + ++ Flowers axillary: capsules linear. 4. C&, Drummondii Hook, Stems decumbent or ascending, 3 to 6 dm. long, sim- ple or branched: pubescence more or less dense, short, strigose, appressed, longer and more spreading on the calyx and ovary: leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1.5 to 6.5 cm. long, acute, attenuate to the base, entire or sparingly repand-denticulate, or subsinuate-toothed at base: flowers large: capsule 2.5 to 5 cm. long: seeds obscure1y 115 pitted.—Along the coast; reported from Galveston to Corpus Christi, but probably farther south, 5. Ga. sinuata L. Stems ascending or decumbent, simple or branched, 3 dm. or more high, more or less strigose-pubescent and puberulent: leaves oblong or lance- olate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, sinuately toothed or often pinnatifid, the lower petioled: calyx and ovary subvillous: capsule 2.5 to 3.5 om. long: seeds strongly pitted.— Throughont Texas. The following forms have been recognized as varieties: Var., MINIMA Nutt. is a slender reduced form, |-flowered and often nearly glabrous. Var insuta Torr. & Gray is densely hirsute, with appressed and spreading hairs, and the seeds less strongly pitted. Var. GRANDIFLORA Watson has larger flowers, the petals 2.5 to 3 cm. long, and is often decumbent. * * Caulescent : flowers nodding in the bud, white turning rose-color: capsules sessile mosily linear: seeds in a single row. 6. CE. pinnatifida Nutt. Annual or biennial: stem decumbent at base and diffusely branched, or subsimple and erect, 7.5 to 30 cm. high, canescently puberulent or sub- hirsute: leaves oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, mostly deeply sinuate-pinnatifid with linear lobes, the lower spatulate and long-petioled, less deeply pinnatilid or entire: calyx-tips not free, the throat naked: seeds oval. not angled, finely pitted—Western Toxas, from Indian Territory to the upper Rio Grande. 7. G3. trichocalyx Nutt. Annual: stems mostly stout, 15 to 30 cm. high, white and shining: glabrous or canescently puberulent or subvillous: leaves linear to ob- long-lanceolate or rhomboidal, 5 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, attenuate into a long petiole, repandly denticulate or sinuate-pinnatifid with irregularly unequal seg- ments, or the lowest entire: calyx very villous: tips not free, throat naked: seeds smooth, lance-linear, subangled.—Sandy plains and hills west of the Peco . 8. CH. albicaulis Nutt. Stems from a perennial subterranean rootstock, erect, 15 to 12U em. high, white and often shreddy: glabrous or puberulent: leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 7.5 om. long, sessile or attenuate at base or abruptly petioled, entire or repand-denticulate, or sinuate-pinnatifid towards the base: calyx-tips free, throat naked: seeds smooth, lance-linear, subangled.—Sandy ground, west of the Pecos. A very variable species. 9, G3. coronopifolia Torr. & Gray. Stems from a perennial subterranean root- stock, vrect, branched, 15 to 45cm. high: canescently puberulent, often more or less hispid: leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 2.5 to 5 om. long. siuuately pinnatifid or more usually pectinate-piunatifid, the linear segments as broad as the rhachis: calyx-tips short, free, throat very villous: seeds ovate, angled, tuberculate.—Valley of the Pecos and westward. * * Caulescent : capsules obovate or clavate, often pedicelled, quadrangular, the valves ribbed and the angles more or less strongly winged (except in No. 10). + Flowers yellow, erect in bud. 10. GB. linifolia Michx. Erect, very slender, simple or diffuse, 15 to 40 cm. high, glabrous, the branchlets and capsules puborulent: radical leaves oblanceolate, the caulive linear-filiform, 12 to 24 mm. long, numerous and fascicled: petals 2 to 6mm. long: stizgmasshort: capsules 4 to 6 mm. long, sessile.—Extending into Texas from Louisiana and Indian Territory, and probably within our range at the north. 11. GS. Spachiana Torr & Gray. Erect, simple or branched, 15 to 40 cm. high, puberuleut: leaves linear to oblanceolate, 2.5 to 5 om. long, obtuse, entire: flowers axillary, small: capsules pubescent, nearly sessile, slightly winged toward the apex.— In the valleys of the Brazos and Colorado. + + Flowers white or purple, nodding in the bud. 12. CH. speciosa Nutt. Stems from a perennial subterranean rootstock, erect or ascending, 15 to 60 om. high, branching : puberulent or caneseently pubescent, rarely subvilluus: leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear, 2.5 to 10 cm. long, acute, attenuate at 116 base, repand-denticulate, sinuate-dentate, or more or less deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, especially at base, or the lower lyrately pinnatifid: calyx-tube as long as the ovary: petals white, large, obcordate.—From Indian Territory to the lower Rio Grande and westward beyond the Pecos. 13. GE. tetraptera Cay. Very near the last, but always more or less villous, with the capsule larger and more broadly winged and more abruptly contracted at top, the capsule with its pedicel often 2.5 to 3.5 em. long: calyx-tube usually shorter in proportion to the ovary.—A Mexican species reported from the San Antonio and lower Rio Grande valleys (Havard). 14. G rosea Ait. Puberulent or sometimes villous, the stems ascending, 3 to 6 dm. high, branchit g from the base : leaves lanceolate, 2.5 to5 em. long, acute or acumi- nate, attenuate to apetiole, repandly denticulate or entire, frequently sinuate-pinnati- tid toward the base: calyx-tube shorter than the ovary : petals purple, small, entire,— In the lower Rio Grande region of extreme southeastern Texas. Var. PARVIFOLIA Coulter is low and diffusely branching, 7.5 to 15 ecm. high and villous, with leaves very much smaller, seldom 12 mm. long, and purple calyx.—Limpia cation (Nealley), The red-purple of the calyx and the lilac-purple of the corolla give a fuchsia-like look to the flowers. ** * * Acaulescent or nearly so: flowers white or rose-color (often yellow in No. 16), erect in the bud: capsule ovate or ovate-oblong, obtusely or sharply angled, mostly sessile, large and rigid. 15. CG. primiveris Gray. Often very small, more or less villous with spreading substrigose hairs: leaves 2.5 to 10 em. long, lyrate-piunatifid or the lower oblanceo- late and entire, narrowed into a petiole: calyx-tube 2.5 to 5 em. long: petals 8 to 18 mm, long: capsule ovoid-conical, not crested, scarcely angled, net-veined.—Ex- treme western Texas beyond the Pecos, and extending into New Mexico. 16. CH. triloba Nutt. Very rarely with a short stem, glabrous: leaves 10 to 50 cm, long, somewhat ciliate, long-petioled, runcinate pinnatitid or oblanceolate and only sinuately toothed, the segments usually repandly denticulate: calyx-tips free, the tube 5 to 10 cm. long: petals 12 to 25 mm. long: ca) sule ovate, persistent, strongly winged, net-veined.—Throughout central and western Texas. 17. GE. brachycarpa Gray. Pubescence canescent, short, usually dense, subto- mentose: leaves rather thick, ovate to linear-lanceolate, 7.5 to 20 em. long, long- petioled, usually lyrately pinnatifid, the lower (or sometimes all) entire or more or less deeply sinuate-toothed: calyx-tube 5 to 10 em. long: petals 3.5 em. long, purplish: capsule ovate, winged, more or less corky, smooth. (Incl. @. Wrightii Gray.)—In the mountains west of the Pecos. “**** Caulescent: flowers axillary, yellow: calyx slightly dilated : capsule ovate to orbicular, strongly angled or broadly winged. 18, G3. Havardi Watson. Numerousshort slender simple or branching stems rising from a branching caudex: canescent with short close pubescence: leaves linear- lanceolate, attenuate at each end, irregularly sinuate-pinnatifid, 1 to 5 em. long: flowers sessile, erect in bud: calyx-tube 3.5 to 5 cm. long, the attenuate tips coherent: petals orange-yellow turning red, 12 to 24 mm. long: capsule oblong-ovate, 4-angled and the valves strongly ribbed.—* Prairies near Morfa, western Texas” (Havard). 19. CB. Missouriensis Sims. Stems decumbent or ascending, simple or somewhat branched, very sbort or 3 dm. or more long and subwoody at base: pubescence canescent, short and silixy, closely appressed, sometimes dense or wholly wanting: leaves thick, oval to linear, mostly narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 12.5 em. long, acuminate, attenuate to a usually slender petiole, entire or re;and-denticulate: calyx: tube 5 to 12.5 cm. long, the slender tips free: petals 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long: capsule 2.5 to 7.5 em. long, with wings nearly as broad: seeds strongly crested.—Throughout Texas east of the Pecos. 117 §2. Stigma discoid: calyx-tube more broadly dilated above: anthers oblong-linear: capsule musily sessile, linear-cylindric: mostly perennial, somewhat woody, with axillary yellow flowers erect in bud. 20. Ch. Hartwegi Benth. Suffruticose, usually low, 7.5 to 37.5 em. high, decumbent or ascending, branched, more or less canescent or glabrous: leaves numerous, often crowded, linear to lanceolate, 1 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, entire or sometimes sparingly repand-denticulate: calyx-tube 2.5 to 5 cm. long, the tips free and linear: petals 8 to 24 mm. long: capsule 16 to 20 mm. long.—Throughout the whole Rio Grande region of Texas, and northward to Indian Territory. The following well- marked varieties are chietly in western Texas: Var. LAVANDUL&FOLIA Watson. Low, 7.5 to 15 cm. high, pubescent throughout, the leaves mostly linear, 6 to 24 mm. long, the calyx-segments less attenuated above. (C. lavandulafolia Torr and Gray.) Var. FrenpLert Watson. Stouter, mostly glabrous, with oblong-lanceolate leaves and large flowers with a broad throat. (. Fendleri Gray.) 21 Gi. Greggii Gray. Very near tbe last, but more shrubby and diffuse, low, viscidly pubescent or more or less hirsute: leaves ovate to oblong, 2 to 6 mm. long, acute, mostly sessile: flowers smaller: capsules 12 mm. long.—Sandy plains and stony hills west of the Pecos; also reported by Reverchon trom prairies near the Lampasas. 22, CH. tubicula Gray. Usually subwoody, diffusely branched, 10 to 30 cm. high, roinutely glandular-pubernlent: leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 24 mm. long, acute, entire, the lower petioled: calyx-tube 8 to 14 mm. long, the free tips short: petals 8 to 10 mm. long: capsules 8 to 14 mm. long, subpedicellate.—Prairies and gravelly places on the Pecos and westward ; also extending through northwestern Texas. 23, CH. serrulata Nutt. Slender, 7.5 to 37.5 cm. high, simple or branched, canescent with short appressed hairs or nearly glabrous: leaves linear to lanceolate, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, mostly acute or acutish, attenuate to the base, irregularly and sharply den- ticulate: calyx-tube 4 to 8 mm. long, the free tips short : capsules 18 to 30 mm. long.— Throughout Texas. The following varieties have almost equal range in Texas: Var. sPINuLOosA Torr. & Gray. Usually nearly glabrous, the stems rather stout, | subdecumbent, sometimes 6 to 9dm. long: flowers larger, the tube 12 to 20 mm. long, with a slender base and equaling the petals: stigma and throat of the calyx occasionally very dark-purple or orange. Var. PINIFOLIA Engelm. has leaves very narrowly linear and subrevolute and flowers as in the former variety. § 3. Stigma capitate: calyx-tube obconic or short-funnelform: anthers oblong : capsule linear, sessile, attenuated above, curved and contorted: flowers in bracteate spikes. 24, CG. chamenerioides Gray. Slender, erect, branching, 10 to 30 om. high, some- what viscidly puberulent: leaves distant, lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, the uppermost sessile, the lower petioled, obscurely repand-denticulate: flowers small, petals 2 mm. long, yellow, usually turning red: calyx-tube very short: capsule elongated, very narrowly linear, 3 to5 cin. long, 1 mm. thick.—Stony hills, beyond the Pecos in ex- treme western Texas. 5. GAURA L, Herbs, with mostly sessile alternate leaves, white or rose-colored flowers in spikes or racemes, an obconical deciduous calyx-tube much prolonged beyond the ovary and with 4 retlexed lobes, clawed petals, mostly 8 stamens with a small seale-like appendage before the base of each filament, a 4 lobed stigma surrounded by a ring or cup-like border, anda hard nut-like 3 to 4-ribbed or angled truit which is indehiscent or nearly so and usually becoming 1-celled and 1 to 4-seeded. 118 * Fruit sessile or nearly so. 1. G. parviflora Doug]. Soft-villous and puberulent, 6 to 15 dm. high : leaves ovate- ianceolate, repand-denticulate, soft-pubescent: spikes dense: fruit oblong-clavate, narrowed to both ends, 4-nerved, obtusely angled above, 6 to 8 mm. long.—Through- out Texas. 2. G. coccinea Nutt. Canescent, pubernlent or glabrate, very leafy, 15 to 30 cm. high: leaves lanceolate, linear-oblong or linear, repand-denticulate or entire: flow- ers in simple spikes, rose-color turning to scarlet: fruit terete below, 4-sided and broader above, 4 to 6 mm. long.—Thronghout Texas. 3. G. Drummondii Torr. & Gray. Stem suffruticose at base, a little hairy be- low, vitgately branched above: leaves somewhat canescently puberulent, lanceolate, acute, denticulate or somewhat sinuate: spikes slender, few and loosely flowered: fruit very abruptly narrowed at the base and terete when mature, ovate-pyramidal above, acute, with 4 strong carinate angles.—Between the Colorado and lower Rio Grande west to the Pecos. 4. G. tripetala Cav. Stem erect, fastigiately branched above, somewhat birsute, leafy : leaves lanceolate, the radical ones spatulate-lanceolate and on long petioles, repand or denticulate, acute, clothed with appressed pubescence: spikes slender: sepals and petals usually 3: fruit triquetrous (rarely 4-angled), the sides 1-ribbed and plicate-rugose.—F roin the Brazos to the lower Rio Grande. 5. G. suffulta Engelm. Stem villous with long spreading hairs, but the inflores- cence very glahrans: leaves somewhat pilose, glabrate, lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, somewhat repand-toothed, the lower oblong-lanceolate and petioled: fruit 4. wing-angled, ovate-pyramidal, closely sessile and not narrowed at base, smooth, the concave faces slightly l-ribbed or sparsely tuberculate at base.—From the Colorado to the lower Rio Grande, west to the Pecos and New Mexico. 6. G. Nealleyi Coulter. Similar to the last, but lower part of stem sparingly hir- sute and the inflorescence glandular-pubescent: leaves rather crowded below, linear, acute, entire, closely sessile or somewhat tapering at base, glabrous except the minute and rigid more or less hooked hairs on the margins and midrib beneath : spike rather loosely few-flowered: fruit as in G. suffulta, but with a tapering base or short stipe.—In the mountains west of the Pecos (Nealley). * © Fruit slender-pedicelled. 7. G. sinuata Nutt. Stem suffruticose, diffuse or decumbent, branching and very leafy at base, sending off slender and naked flowering branches, glabrous or hairy: leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, remotely and acutely sinuate-toothed, glabrous: flowers loose, pedicelled: fruit lanceolate or ovate, tapering at both ends.—Through- out Texas. 8. G. villosa Torr. Stems suffruticose and with numerous short, very leafy branches at base, canescently puberulent with villous hairs intermixed, and sending up naked and elongated glabrous and often paniculate flowering branches: leaves tomentose- canescent on both sides, lanceolate, remotely and acutely toothed or rarely entire: raceme loosely-flowered: fruit slender, 4-sided, tapering at both ends, on a filiform pedicel, at length reflexed.—On the sandy plains west of the Pecos. 9. G. macrocarpa Rothrock. Stems and branches scabrous with hirsutish pubes- cence: leaves small, rather thick and obtuse, with revolute margins hispidly ciliate, the lower ones 20 mm. long by 2 to 4 mm. wide (with 1 or 2 strong teeth), the upper ones entire and gradually reduced to bracts: raceme (or contracted panicle) rather loose: fruit canescent-puberulent, fusiform, obtusely angled and strongly ribbed between the angles.—In the mountains west of the Pecos. Reported also by Rever- chon from the Llano Valley. 119 6. STENOSIPHON Spach. Like Gaura, but calyx prolonged beyond the ovary into a filiform tube, the filaments not appendaged at base, and the fruit 1-celled and 1-seeded. 1. S. virgatus Spach. Slender, 6 to 12 dm. high, glabrous, leafy: leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, pointed, entire, much reduced above: flowers numerous in an elongated spike, white, 12 mm. loug: fruit pubescent, oblong-ovate, 8-ribbed, small.— Extending from the north as far south as Wilson County. LOASEE. (LoAsA FAmI.y), Herbs, with either stinging or jointed and rough-barbed hairs, no stipules, calyx-tube adnate to a 1-celled ovary, perfect often showy flowers, usually very numerous stamens, and a single style. 1. Mentzelia. Stamens many, inserted below the petals: style 3-cleft at apex : seeds few to many, on 3 parietal placenta. 2. Hucnide. Stamens many, adnate to the united bases of the petals and decidu- ous with them in a ring: style 5-cleft: seeds minute, very numerous, covering 5 expanded placenta, 3. Cevallia. Stamens 5, adnate to base of calyx segments and persistent, the con- nective prolonged into a linear tubular petaloid appendage: style short, with a capi- tate stigma: sved solitary, suspended. 1. MENTZELIA Plumier. Annual or biennial erect herbs, with stems becoming white and shin- ing, alternate leaves very adhesive by the barbed pubescence, terminal solitary or cymose-clustered yellowish or white tlowers, cylindrical or club-shaped calyx-tube with a 5-parted persistent limb, 5 or 10 regular spreading flat deciduous petals, usually indefinite stamens inserted with the petals on the throat of the calyx, a 3-cleft style, and a dry few to many-seeded capsule opening by valves or irregularly at summit. * Seeds few or many, not winged: petals 5, not large: filaments all filiform. 1. M. oligosperma Nutt. Rough and adhesive, 3 to 9 dm. high, much branched, branches brittle: leaves ovate and oblong, cut-toothed or angled, peticled: petals yellow, wedge-oblong, pointed: capsule about 9-seeded, seeds oblong.—Throughout western Texas. 2. M. albicaulis Dougi. Slender, 7.5 to 30 om. or more high: leaves linear-lanceo- late, pinnatitid with numerous narrow lobes, sessile, upper leaves broader: flowers mostly approximate near the ends of the branches: petals spatulate or obovate: capsules linear-clavate, with numerous seeds, which are rather strongly tuberculate and irregularly angled with obtuse margins.—In the mountains west of the Pecos. * * Seeds numerous, suborbicular-winged or narrowly margined : petals 5 or 10, ofien large and showy: outer filaments often petaloid: capsule broad, oblong: leaves sessile, sinu- ately-toothed or pinnatifid, 3. M. nuda Torr. & Gray. Rough with minute barbed pubescence: leaves some- what lanceolate, the segments obtuse: flowers vespertine, yellowish-white, rather large, not bracteolate: potals 10: outer filaments petaloid and often sterile: capsule 3-valved at summit: seeds plainly winged.—Sandy plains of southern and western Toxas, 120 4. M. multiflora Gray. Stems scabrous, pubescent, 7.5 to 30 om. high: leaves ianceolate, attenuate below: flowers numerous, opening only in bright sunshine, sub- tended by 1 or 2 bracts: petals deep yellow, abruptly pointed, 12 to 18 mm, long, (Incl. M. Wrightit Gray.)—Throughout southern and western Texas. Very variable in foliage, size and color of flowers, and length of capsule. 2. BUCNIDE Zuccarini. Annual or biennial herbs, armed with stinging hairs and barbed pubesceuce, with alternate cordate or ovate petioled lobed and ser- rately toothed leaves, yellow pedicelled flowers in terminal cymes, oblong calyx-tube with 5-lobed persistent limb, 5 petals united at base aud inserted on the throat of the calyx, numerous stamens with fili- {orm filaments adnate to the base of the petals and deciduous with them in a ring, 5-cleft and angled style, and a many-seeded obovate capsule with 5 expanded placents and opening by 5 valves at the short-conical summit. 1. E. bartonioides Zuce. A tender succulent plant, branching and usnally spreading on the ground, with ovate cut-toothed or slightly lobed leaves on slender petioles, and flowers mostly on still longer simple peduncles (7.5 to 15 cm. long), the 5 ovate petals and very many slender filaments fully 2.5 cm. long.—From the Colo- rado to the Rio Grande and westward beyond the Pecos. The large showy yellow flowers open only in the bright sunshine. 3. CEVALLIA Lagasca. Branching canescent-pubescent stinging herbs, with larger simple bristles rising from glands, smaller ones short and thick, white and shining bark, alternate sessile sinuate-pinnatifid leaves, silky-hirsute flowers terminating the peduncles and aggregated in hemispherical heads, tube of the plumose calyx short and with 5 linear erect lobes, 5 plumose erect petals as long as and similar to the sepals, 5 erect sta- mens with very short filaments, pilose linear-oblong anthers 2-lobed at base, connective produced beyond the anther-cells into an elongated tubular process, and a dry indehiscent oblong or obovoid fruit crowned by the plumose calyx and corolla and with a solitary suspended seed.— The single species, so far as known, is 1. C, sinuata Lag.—Extending throughout the Rio Grande region and westward to Arizona, : TURNERACE. Shrubby or herbaceous plants, with often hispid but not stinging pubescence, simple alternate leaves, yellow flowers, 5 united sepals, 5 equal petals inserted on the calyx, 5 distinct stamens alternate with the petals and inserted below them, 3 or 4 commonly branched or many-cleft styles, free 1-celled ovary with 3 parietal placente and numerous ovules, and a 3-valved loculicidal capsule with numerous arillated crustaceous and reticulated seeds. 121 1. TURNERA Plum. Mostly suffrutescent plants, with petals longer than the calyx, 3 or 4 simple styles with flabellate many-cleft stigmas, and capsule 3-valved from apex to middle. 1. T. diffusa Willd., var. aPpHRopisIAcA Urban. Low branching strigose-pubes- cent shrub: leaves thickish, small, uarrowly oblong, tapering to a short slender petiole, regularly dentate, more or less rugose, the regular pinnate viens impressed ubove and prominent beneath, green above, whitish beneath, 12 to 25 mm. long, 4 to 6 mm. broad: flowers rather small and axillary, the calyx and twisted petals tardily deciduous and broken loose at base by the enlarging capsule.—A Mexican species discovered by Nealley in Starr County. This isa well known medicinal plant, first distinguished by Prof. Lester F. Ward, and long known as “Damiana.” Occur- ring in abundance throughout northern and western Mexico, where it is extensively collected for medicinal purposes, its discovery within our own borders is an interest- ing fact. Known in Mexico as ‘ Yerba de Vemule.” PASSIFLORACEAE. (PASSION-FLOWER FAMILY.) Herbs or woody plants, climbing by tendrils, with perfect flowers, 5 monadelphous stamens, and a stalked 1-celled ovary free from the calyx, with 3 or 4 parietal placents and as many club-shaped styles. 1. PASSIFLORA L. (PASSION-FLOWER.) Climbing plants, with alternate generally palmately-lobed leaves, axillary jointed peduncles, 5 sepals united at base into a short cup (usually colored like the petals, at least within) and the throat crowned with a double or triple fringe, 5 petals on the throat of the calyx, 5 stamens with the filaments united into a tube which sheathes the long stalk of the ovary and separate above, and fruit a many-seeded (often edible) berry. * A conspicuous 3-bracted involucre olose to the flower. 1. P. incarnata L. Pubescent: leaves 3 to 5-cleft, the lobes serrate, the base bear- ing 2 glands: flower large, 5 om. broad, nearly white, with a triple purple and flesh- colored crown: peduncle with a 3-bracted involucre near the flower, the bracts obo- vate and glandular: fruit as large as a hen’s egg.—A species of the Southern States and extending into Texas to Gillespie County and the San Antonio valley. Fruit called ‘‘ maypops.” , 2. P. fostida L. Villous and glandular: leaves roundish, 3-lohed or angular, usu- ally cordate at base, ciliate with hairs and glands on the denticulate or subentire margin: flowers white, with a triple rosy crown: involucre 3-leaved, the leaves 2 or 3 times pinnately-parted, the ultimate filiform divisions exourrent into a gland: fruit large, ovoid.—Along the lower Rio Grande, from Eagle Pass downwards. ** Involucre minute or none. 8. P. affinis Engelm. Glabrous: leaves 3-lobed, glaucous beneath and petioles without glands, the lower subcordate, the upper subacute at base, the lobes shoul equal, obovate, obtuse, entire, and setaceous- mucronate : peduncles with 2 or 3 smail setaceous bracts: flower smaller, about 3 cm. broad, yellowish, the fringe of the crown as long as the sepals: fruit bluish-black, 12mm. in diameter and on a stipe as long.— From the Colorado to the Rio Grande and west to the Pecos. 2816—02 9 122 4. PB. inamona Gray Hireute-pubescent with barbed hairs: leaves very thin, cordate at base, deeply 3-cleft, the lobes oval-oblong, subserrate, the terminal one: narrowed at base, the lateral ones a little shorter and often 2-lobed or coarsely 2 or 3- toothed ; the petioles with 2 glands towards the apex: peduncles with 2 small seta-- ceous bracts: flower greenish: fruit ovoid, 3.5 cm. in length.—A Mexican spéties,, found by Nealley in Hidalgo County. 5. P.tenuiloba Engelm. Slender and suberect: leaves rather rigid, with revolute: margins, subscabrous above with short hairs, smoothish and reticulated beneath, bi-- glandular at base, subcordate, 3-lobed; the lateral lobes lanceolate-linear, elongated, cuspidate, horizontally divergent or recurved; the middle lobe very short and entire in the lower leaves, shortly 3-lobed in the upper: flowers greenish, 16 to 18 mm. in diameter, with no involucre: fruit small.—Very abundant between the Colorado and the lower Rio Grande and west to the Pecos. CUCURBITACEZ. (GOURD FAMILY.) Mostly succulent herbs with tendrils, alternate palmately lobed or veined leaves, dicecious or moneecious (often gamopetalous) flowers, calyx-tube cohering with the 1 to 3-celled ovary, the 5 or usually 24 stamens (i. ¢., 1 with a 1-celled and 2 with 2-celled anthers) commonly united by their often tortuous anthers and sometimes also by the fila- ments, and a fleshy fruit (known as a pepo) or sometimes membrana- ceous.—A large tropical order, represented in cultivation by such plants as the gourd, pumpkin, squash, muskmelon, cucumber, and watermelon. * Ovary 1-celled, with 3 to 5 placent~# and numerous horizontal ovules. + Anther-cells contorted or conduplicate. : «++ Corolla rotate or campanulate, 5-parted to the base or of 5 distinct petals. 1. Lagenaria. Calyx-tube of the sterile Jower elongated: anthers cohering in an oblong head and mostly included in the calyx-tube: flowers monecious: petioles 2- glandular at apex. 2. Cucumis. Calyx-tube of the sterile flower short: antbers distinct or but lightly cohering and mostly exserted; the connective produced beyond the cells: tendrils simple. a Citrullus. Like the last, but the connective not produced and the tendrils oiostly 2 or 3-forked. = ++ ++ Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed to the middle or a little below: anthers coherent. 4, Cucurbita. Flowers monecious: filaments distinct, with staminodia inserted at the bottom of the calyx: stigmas 3 to 5 and 2-lobed. + + Anther-cells straight or curved, not contorted. ++ Style inserted on a cup-shaped disk or ring. 5. Apodanthera. Calyx-tube subcylindrical: anthers distinct, sessile, dorsally fixed: stigma solitary, 3-lobed: ovary with 3 placentz: sterile flowers racemose. 6. Melothria. Calyx-tube campanulate: anthers mostly straight and sessile, bas- ally fixed. ++ Disk at base of style none or obscure: stamens inserted in the throat of the calyx. 7. Maximowiczia. Flowers diecious: calyx-tube narrowly campanulate or cy- lindrical: stamens 3: stigma solitary, 3-lobed: ovary with 2 or3 placentw: fruit globose. 128 * “Ovary usually 2-celled, with the few ovules erect or ascending, 8. Bchinocystis. Fruit not gibbous, bladdery, bursting at the top: anthers 3. ¥. Cyclanthera. Fruit oblique, gibbous, bursting elastically: calyx-tube rotate or cup-shaped: anther 1. “** Ovary 1-celled, with a solitary pendulous ovule. 10. Sicyos. Corolla of the sterile flowers flat and spreading, 5-lobed: fruit inde- hiscent. 1. LAGENARIA Seringe. (CaLaBasH. BOTTLE-GOURD.) A climber, with 2-forked tendrils, biglandular petioles, musk-scented flowers solitary in the axils (sterile on long, fertile on shorter peduncle), funvel-form or bell-shaped calyx-tube, 5 obcordate or obovate and mu- cronate white petals, the narrow anther-cells contorted or conduplicate, 3 stigmas each 2-lobed, 1-celled ovary with mostly 3 placente with numerous horizontal seeds, and a fruit with a hard or woody rind and soft flesh. 1. L. vulgaris Seringe. Climbing freely, rather clammy-pubescent and musky- scented : leaves rounded, cordate: flowers long-stalked: white petals greenish-veiny: fruit of very various shapes, usually club-shaped, or long and much enlarged at the apex, the hard rind used for vessels, etc.—Cultivated by the Indians from the earliest discovery of North America, and naturalized in southern Texas. 2. CUCUMIS L. (MELON. CUCUMBER.) Twining or trailing plants, with simple tendrils, sterile flowers clus- tered and with short calyx-tube, fertile ones solitary in the axils, 5 al- most distinct acute petals, distinct stamens, anthers with only one bend and the connective produced beyond the cells, 3 blunt stigmas, and fruit with a fleshy rind. 1. GC. Anguria L. Hirsute: leaves deeply 3 to 7 (usually 5)-lobed, lobes obovate or spatulate, blunt, denticulate, the 3 larger separated by a rounded sinus: flowers small, yellow: fertile peduncles slender: fruit ovoid, muricate with rigid spinules,— A tropical species, found by Palmer near Uvalde. 3. CITRULLUS Neck. (WATERMELON.) Resembling the last, but with tendrils 2 or 3-forked, connective not produced, and seeds imbedded in the enlarged pulpy placenta. 1. C. vulgaris Schrad. Prostrate: leaves deeply 3 to 5-lobed, the divisions again lobed or sinuate-pinnatifid, pale or bluish: corolla deeply 5-cleft, widely open, pale yellow.—Said by Dr. Havard to be found wild in many places west of the Pecos. 4. COCURBITA L, Prostrate scabrous vines rooting at the joints, with large yellow flowers which are monoecious and mostly solitary, campanulate calyx- tube, campanulate corolla 5-lobed to the middle, distinct filaments, linear united anthers contorted, short thick style with 3 to 5 2-lobed stigmas, 3 to 5 parietal placente, and an indehiscent smooth fleshy fruit with a hard rind. 124 1. CG. foetidissima HBK. Root very large, fusiform: leaves thick, triangular- cordate, rough and whitish: flowere 7.5 to 10 em. long: fruit globose or obovoid, 5 to 7.5 em. in diameter. (C. perennie Gray.)—Abundant in the valleys of southern and western Texas. ‘The fruit, when ripe, is about the color and size of an orange i (Havard). Known as ‘ calabacilla.” 2. C. Pepo L., the common pumpkin, has a naturalized variety in southern and western Texas, the habit, foliage, and fruit of which is too well known to need de- scription. (C. Texana Gray.) 5. APODANTHERA Arn. Climbing or prostrate pubescent or hispid herbs, with round-reniform entire or somewhat lobed leaves, rather large yellow monecious or dicw- cious flowers, subeylindrical calyx-tube, distinct sessile dorsally-fixed nearly straight anthers, style inserted on a cup-shaped disk or ring, sol- itary 3-lobed stigma, ovary with 3-placeniz, and a fleshy ovoid fruit.— Sterile flowers racemose. 1. A. undulata Gray. Prostrate vine, 9 to 24 dm. long, from an exceedingly large deep root (thick as a man’s leg): leaves undulate and somewhat crisped, strigose- cinereous, 5 to 15 cm. in diameter : sterile flowers from the lowest axils and racemose- corymbed; the fertile ones solitary in the upper axils: fruit 7.5 to 10 em. in diam- eter.—In rocky valleys, from Eagle Pass to the mountains west of the Pecos. Known as “ melon loco.” 6. MELOTHRIA L. Slender and climbing, with simple tendrils, very smal], polygamous or monecious flowers (sterile campanulate and with a 5-lobed corolla, fertile with calyx-tube constricted above the ovary and then campanu- late), more or less united straight and sessile basally-fixed anthers, and a small pulpy berry filled with many flat and horizontal seeds. 1. M. pendula L. Leaves small, roundish, and heart-shaped, 5-angled or lobed, roughish : sterile flowers few in small racemes ; fertile ones solitary, greenish, or yel- lowish: berry oval, green, 8 to 12 mm. long.—Extending from the Gulf States through the lowlands of Texas to the lower Rio Grande, thence up the river to the Pecos. 7. MAXIMOWICZIA Cogn. Climbing very glabrous herbs from a perennial root, with simple ten- drils, deeply 3 to 5-parted leaves with the divisions often lobed or dis- sected, small yellow dicecious flowers (sterile ones racemose, fascicled or solitary, fertile ones solitary), narrowly campanulate or cylindrical calyx-tube, 3 stamens inserted in the throat of the calyx, single 3-lobed stigma, ovary with 2 or 3 placent, and a globose red fruit. 1. M. Lindheimeri Cogn. Leaves succulent, subreniform, 3 to 5-lobed or -parted, and sinuate-dentate, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. in diameter, scabrous beneath : calyx-tube of ster- ile flower tubular-funnelform: berry scarlet, somewhat ovoid, 2.5 em. or more in diameter: seeds 6 mm. long, roundish-oval, turgidly lenticular. (Sicydium Lind- heimeri Gray.)—Common in the valleys of southern and western Texas. 2. M. tripartita Cogn. Like the last, but with more narrowly lobed leaves, shorter campanulate calyx-tube, smaller and more obtuse fruit, and narrower seeds. (Sicy- 125 dium tripartium Naudin.)—Found at Uvalde and Laredo, Var. TENUISECTA Watson has leaves 5-parted, the segments laciniately lobed with linear or even filiform lobeu (Sicydium Lindheimeri, var. tenuiseotum Gray.)—Chiefly from the Leona River and Eagle Pass to the Pecos and westward. 8. ECHINOCYSTIS Torr. & Gray. (WILD BALSAM-APPLE.) Tall climbing annual, with 3-forked tendrils, small greenish-white moneecious flowers (sterile in racemes, fertile in small clusters or soli- tary), lanceolate or oval petals, 3 more or less united anthers, and a fleshy at length dry and prickly (not gibbous) fruit bursting at the summit and containing few large erect or ascending seeds. 1. E. Wrightii Cogn. Stems pubescent: leaves reniform-cordate, subangulate, triangular-acuminate at apex, puberulent, scarcely denticulate: fruit oblong, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, apiculate-beaked and armed with long soft-hirsute prickles 12 mm. long. (Hlaterium? Wrightit Gray.)—Mountains near E] Paso. 9. CYCLANTHERA Schrad. Slender glabrous climbers, with very small racemose or panicled white sterile flowers and a solitary fertile one in the same axil, rotate deeply 5-parted corolla, stamens united into a central column and with solitary annular anthers, 1 to 3 (usually 2)-celled ovary with few erect or ascending ovules, and a spiny obliquely ovoid and gibbous beaked fruit bursting irregularly. 1. C. dissecta Arn. Leaves digitately 3 to 7-foliolate, the oblong divisions some- what lobed or toothed : tendrils simple or bifid : fruit 2.5cm. long, on a short pedun- ele.—Throughout Texas. 10. SICYOS L. (ONE-SEEDED BUR-CUCUMBER. ) Climbing annuals, with 3-forked tendrils, small whitish monecious flowers, sterile and fertile mostly from the same axils (the former corymbed, the latter in a capitate cluster, long-peduncled), 5 petals united below into a bell-shaped or flattish corolla, anthers cohering in a mass, slender style with 3 stigmas, 1-celled ovary with a single sus- pended seed, and a dry and indehiscent ovate fruit filled by the single seed and covered with barbed priékly bristles. 1. S. angulatus L. Leaves roundish heart-shaped, 5-angled or lobed, the lobes pointed: plant clammy-hairy.—River-banks, throughout eastern and southern Texas. CACTACEA. (Caocrus FAMILY.) Green fleshy and thickened persistent mostly leafless plants of pecul- iar aspect, globular or columnar, tuberculated or ribbed, or jointed and often flattened, usually armed with bundles of spines from the areole which constitute the axils of the (mostly absent) leaves: with flowers having numerous sepals, petals, and stamens, usually in many series, the cohering bases of all of which coat the inferior 1-celled many-ovuled 126 ovary, and above it form a tube or cup, nectariferous at base; single style with several or numerous stigmas, and fruit a pulpy or rarely dry 1-celled berry. I. No leaves proper: spines never barbed: flower-bearing and spine-bearing areolw distinct: tube of the sessile solitary flowers well developed, often long. 1. Mamillaria. Globose or oval plants, covered with spine-bearing tubercles, (except in one group): flowers (usually small) from between the tubercles: ovary naked. 2. Echinocactus. Globose or oval plants, stouter than‘the last, usually ribbed: with bundles of spines on the ribs: flowers mostly larger, from the youngest part of the ribs close above the nascent bunches of spines: ovary covered with sepals. 3. Cereus. Oval or columnar plants, sometimes tall, ribbed or angled, with bun- dles of spines on the ribs: flowers usually larger, close above the bundles of full grown (older) spines: ovary covered with sepals. II. Leaves small, subulate, early deciduous: sessile and solitary flowers from the same areolw as the always barbed spines: tule of the flowers short, cup-shaped. 4, Opuntia. Branching or jointed plants : joints flattened or cylindrical. 1. MAMILLARIA Haworth. Small, more or less globose or oval simple or cespitose plants, the spine-bearing areole borne on cylindric, oval, conical, or angular tuber- cles which cover the body of the plant, with flowers about as long as wide, the tube campanulate or funnel-shaped, from a distinct woolly or bristly areola at the base of the tubercles, fully open in sunlight and only for a few hours, and ovary often hidden between the bases of the tuberzles and naked, as is also the exsert succulent berry.—In one group the tubercles are unarmed. * Flowers lateral from the axils of older or full-grown tubercles which are never grooved : ovary generally immersed but becoming exserted towards maturity. + No central spines. 1, M. micromeris Eng. Simple and globose, 12 to 36 mm. in diameter: tubercles very small, 1 to 2 mm. long, crowded: younger areola only clothed with loose wool: spines slender, ash-gray, in many series, 1 to 3 mm. long, in younger plants about 20 cnd equal, in flower-bearing tubercles 30 to 40, all stellate-spreading, the uppermost (6 to 8) 2 to 4 times as long as the others and strongly clavate: flowers nearly central, 6 mm. in diameter, light pink.—From the San Pedro to El Paso. 2. M. lasiacantha Eng. Simple and globose, 12 to 36 mm. in height and scarcely less in diameter: tubercles terete, 4 to 6mm. long: spines slender, from densely pilose to almost naked, in many series, 40 to 80, all radiating, 3 to 5 mm. long: flowers lat- eral, 12 mm. long, whitish or very pale pink.—On the Pecos and westward. + + Central spines mostly longer and hooked. 3. M. pusilla DC., var. Texana Eng. Ovate-globose, proliferous, cespitose, 2.5 to 6.5 cm. high: tubercles terete, 7 to 9 mm. long, long- woolly in the axils : spines in many series, the outermost 30 to 50 hairlike and crisped or twisted, the interior 10 to 12 more rigid, shorter and ‘white, the innermost 5 to 8 central ones straight, rigid and longer, dusky towards the apex: flowers lateral, 14 to 20 mm. long, reddish.—On the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass and southward. 4. M. Grahami Eng. Subglobose, simple or at length branched from the base, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. high: tubercles ovate, 6 mm. long, with naked axils: radial spines 20 to 30 in one series, 6 to 12 mm. long, thin and whitish, a single central much longer and 127 stouter brown one strongly hooked (hook usually turned upwards), with often 1 or 2 straight upper ones in addition: flowers below the top, 18 to 24 mm. long, rose-col- ored: berry elongated and clavate, scarlet, 18 to 24 mm. long.—In the mountains near El Paso, its most eastern limit, 5. M. Wrightii Eng. Depressed-globose, simple, 3.5 to 7.5 om. in diameter: tuber- cles terete, 10 to 12 mm. long, with naked axils: radial spines about 12, white, 8 to 12 mm. long: central spines 1 to 3 (mostly 2 side by side), scarcely longer, divergent, with brownish and hooked tips (hooks usually turned downwards): flowers lateral, fully 2.5 om. broad, bright-purple, with narrow acuminate petals: berry subglobose- ovate, purple, about 2.5 om. long.—Near El Paso, which seems to be its eastern limit, and on the upper Pecos, ++ + A single straight shorter central spine. 6. M. Heyderi Mublenpf. Globose with a flat or depressed top, simple: tubercles elongated, pyramidal, subquadrangular: radial spines 10 to 22, straight, the lower ones longer; a single shorter central stout and straight spine: flowers lateral, red- dish: berry elongated-clavate.—From near Austin to Matamoras and westward to El Paso. Var. HEMISPHARICA Eng. has a convex top and 9 to 12 spines, 7. M.meiacanthaEng. Verysimilarto the last, but with larger, more compressed, more loosely arranged tubercles, and fewer (5 to 9) stouter spines.—Common at San Antonio, southwestward into the great bend of the Rio Grande and westward into New Mexico. The central spine is often wauting. ‘‘The oblong scarlet berries, an inch or less long, are very good to eat” (Havard). 8, M. spheerica Dietr. Proliferous and cespitose, single specimens clavate, but often forming dense hemispherical masses: tubercles elongated-ovate, acute, 12 to 16 mm. long: radial spines slender, 12 to 14, 6 to 10 mm. long; a single straight central one which is somewhat shorter and scarcely stouter; flowers 3.5 to 5 om. long, with yellow aristate-acuminate petals.—From Corpus Christi to Eagle Pass. Remarkable in this division on account of its exsert ovary and large flower. ** Flowers larger and vertical, from the base of a groove on the young or nascent and spine-bearing tubercles: ovary exsert. + Flowers yellow. 9. M. Missouriensis Sweet. Simple or cespitose, proliferous, 2.5 to 5 om. in diam- eter: radial spines 10 to 17, slender, straight, frequently puberulent, white, 6 to 16 mm. long; a single central stouter spine (often wanting): flowers 2.5 to 5 om. long and wide, the fimbriate sepals and sparingly denticulate petals lanceolate or linear- lanceolate and acute: stigmas 2 to &, erect or spreading: berry subglobose, scarlet, shorter than the tubercles. (IM. Nuttallii Eng.)—A northern species, extending from the upper Missouri to the San Antonio in Texas. Apparently not extending into the mountainous region of western Texas. The following varieties are the ordinary Texan forms: Var. c&srirosa Watson is cespitose (forming masses often a foot broad), with 12 to 15 puberulent radial spines, central one generally wanting, 5 spreading stigmas, and larger flowers and berries. (M. Nuttallii, var. cespitosa Eng.) Var. ROBUSTIOR Watson is almost simple, with longer and more loosely arranged tubercles, stouter and smooth spines, 10 to 12 radial spines and a solitary central one, larger flowers, and 7 or 8 spreading stigmas. (2. Nuttallii, var. robustior Eng.) 10. M. Scheerii Muhlenpf., var. VALIDA Eng. Almost simple, ovate-globose, glaucescent, large, 17.5 cm. high: tubercles remote and spreading, large, subcylin- drical, from a broad base, 2.5 to 3.5 om. long : groove very deep, with a few depressed or hemispherical warts or glands: younger areols: densely woolly : radial spines 9 to 16, very stout (especially the lower ones), straight, bulbous at base, white or yellowish, dark at apex, 20 to 36 mm. long; central ones 1 to 5, stouter and angled: flowers 5 om, long, from very tomentose young axils.—From Eagle Pass to El Paso, and on prairies at the head of the Limpia. ‘‘A stately plant, by far the largest of our north- ern Mamillaria” (Engelmann) 128 11. M. pectinataEng. Simple, globose, 2.5 to 6.5 om. in diameter: lower tubercles short conical, 4 to 6 mm. long, the uppermost flower-bearing ones terete, longer, sul- cate, 10 to 12 mm. long: ainsi oblorg: spines all radiating, 16 to 74, rigid, recurved, about equal, 6 to 10 mm. long, horny or white, those on the uppermost tubercles with the upper ones fascicled and longer, 12 to 18 mm. long: flowers 5 to 7.5 cm. in diam- eter.—On the Pecos. 12. M. Bchinus Eng. Simple, globose, 3.5 to 6.5 em. in diameter: tubercles round- conical, 10 to 12 mm. long: areolx orbicular: spines straight or a little curved, white; Tadial ones 16 to 30, 8 to 12 mm. long, the uppermost alittle longer, 12 to 20 mm. long ; central ones 3 or 4, the lower one very stout, subulate from a very thick base and perpendicular to the center of the plant, the upper ones erect as are the radial: flowers large, about 3.5 to 5 cm. long.—On the Pecos, ‘A very striking plant, char- acterized by the unusually stout and subulate lower central spine, which, together with the globular shape, gives it the appearance of some echinoid” (Ragelwann), 13. M. scolymoides Scheidw. Nearly simple, globose or ovate, 5 to 7.5 cm. high: tubercles conical, 10 to 16 mm, long, the upper elongated, incurved, imbricate: radial spines 14 to 20, straight or often recurved, white or horny, 10 to 20 mm. long; central ones 1 to 4, darker, longer, 18 to 32 mm. long, the upper ones turned back with the radials, the lower stouter, longer and bent downwards: flowers 5 cm. long.—On the Pecos. 14. M. calcarata Eng. Globose, proliferous, cespitose, larger heads 5 to 6.5 cm. in diameter, the cespitose masses a foot or more large: tubercles ovate-conical from a dilated base, spreading (or in older flowering plants often somewhat appressed and imbricate), 14 to 18 mm. long: spines white, 8 to 16 mm. long; radial ones 8 to 12, rigid, subulate, straight or a little recurved ; single central one stouter, subulate, recurved (wanting in younger plants); 3 to 5 fascicles of more slender adventitious spines often occuring in addition from the top of the areola: flowers large, 5 to 6.5 cm, long and broad, sulphur.yellow and reddish at base within.—From the Brazos to the Nueces. + + Flowers red or reddish: sepals fimbriate. 15. M. Pottsii Scheer. Cylindrical and somewhat branching: tubercles ovate, obtuse, slightly sulcate, with somewhat woolly axils: radial spines very numerous, slender, white; central ones 6 to 12, stouter, from an enlarged base, nodulose: flowers large: berries rose-color.—On the Rio Grande below Laredo. 16. M. strobiliformis Scheer. Ovate or ovate-cylindrical, simple or sparingly proliferous at base, 5 to 12.5 cm. high: tubercles ovate from a rhomboidal base, short, obtuse, deeply grooved, in age losing the spines and covering the lower part of the plant like corky protuberances, with very villous axils: outer spines 20 to 30, rigid, white, 4 to 8 (rarely 10 to 12) 1am. long ; inner ones 5 to 9, stouter, 8 to 18 mm. long, grayish- purple, the upper ones longer and erect, the lowest one shorter, stout, perpendicular or deflexed ; interior spines of the upper tubercles forming a tuft of grayish-purple color on top of the plant: flowers central on the very densely tomentose summit, 2.5 em. in diameter, very pale purple: berry red, 18 mm. long, 6 mm. thick. (M. tuberculosa Eng.)—Common from the San Pedro to El Payo. ‘‘ The short corky tuber- cles, with very deep grooves, and very woolly when young, together with the long red fruit, distinguish this species from all the allied forms” (Engelmann). 17, M. dasyacantha Eng. Simple, nearly globose, 3.5 to 6.5 om. high: tubercles terete, loosely arranged, slightly grooved, 8 to 10 mm. long, with somewhat villous axils: spines straight, more slender and soft than usual (often capillary), spreading but not radiating, 12 to 24 mm. long, the exterior 25 to 35 white, the interior 7 to 13 dusky-purple and longer; central spine single, erect, often wanting: berry central, ovate.—Eagle Pass to El Paso. 18. M. vivipara Haw. Simple or cespitose, 2.5 to 12.5 cm. high: tubercles terete, loosely arranged, slightly grooved, 8 to 12 mm. long: spines straight, rigid; the ex- terior widely radiate, white, 12 to 36, 6 to 20 mm. long; the central 3 to 12, stouter, 129 longer, darker, a single more robust one perpendicular or deflexed, the others diver. gent: flowers subcentral, beautifully purple, large, 3.5 to 6.5 cm. in diameter: berry sublateral, ovate, green.—A species of wide range and exceedingly variable, found throughout southern and western Texas, The shape of the heads, number and color of the spines, etc., vary so much as to have given rise to descriptions of numerous varieties and subvarieties, but they all intergrade completely. ‘‘The large, deep rose-colored or purple flowers, with fringed sepals and lance-linear acuminate petals, green oval berries, with light brown pitted seeds, readily distinguish the species” (Zn- gelmann), 19. M. macromeris Eng. Simple or branching from the base, ovate, 5 to 10 cm, high: tubercles large and spreading, loose, grooved beyond the middle, 12 to 30 mm. long: spines slender, elongated, straight or a little curved; radial ones 10 to 17, white, 12 to 36 mm. long; central ones about 4, longer, often 3.5 to 6 cm. long, stouter, sub- angular, fuscous or even black: flowers 6.5 to 7.5 om. in diameter, rose-colored or purple: verry subglobose, green,—In the Rio Grande valley from New Mexico to below Eugle Pass. *** Flowers from the base of a groove on the young or nascent and unarmed tubercles : ovary exsert. 20. M. fissurata Eng. Simple, depressed-globose or flattish, 5 to 12 cm. in diam- eter: tubercles entirely unarmed, flattened from the base, thin below, thick and warty above, with a deep central woolly groove and smooth lateral ones: flowers central, from long sericeous wool, rose-color, about 2.5 cm. long and wide: berry ovate, green- ish, hidden in dense woo]. (Anhalonium fissuratum Eng.)—On rocky highlands from the San Pedro and Pecos westward, especially in Presidio County. ‘‘ Napiform cac- tus, with flat fissured top, hardly rising above the ground, producing a handsome pink flower in early summer” (Havard). Known as ‘“ peyote,” and somewhat noted as an intoxicant, being sometimes called “dry whisky” from the fact that when chewed it produces more or less inebriation. 21. M. Williamsii (Zohinocactus Williamsii Lem. Anhalonium JWilliamsii Eng), a Mexican species, with the flattened tubercles arranged in ribs, 1s reported by Dr. Ha- vard to ocour along the upper Rio Grande. 2. ECHINOCACTUS Link & Otto. . Mostly larger plants, sometimes gigantic, globose or depressed, or ovate, or rarely subcylindric, simple or very rarely cespitose, with bunches of spines on the more or less vertical ribs, flowers contiguous to and above the spines (on the latest growth of the plant, often from the nascent woolly areole and therefore more or less vertical), ovary covered with sepaloid scales which are naked or woolly in their axils, and a succulent (edible) or sometimes dry fruit covered with the per- sistent calyx scales, sometimes enveloped in copious wool, and usually crowned with the persistent remnants of the flower. 1. EB. Scheerii Salm. Globose or ovate, 3.5 to 5 om. high: ribs 13, obtuse and in- terrupted: tubercles grooved above to the middle: radial spines 15 to 18, setaceous, 6 to 12 mm, long; central ones 3 or 4-angled, black and white variegated, 12 to 24 mm. long, the upper ones straight, longer, divaricate backward, the lower one stouter, shorter, and hooked: flowers yellowish-green, about 2.5 cm, long and much less in diameter: berry greenish.—About Eagle Pass. 2, B. brevihamatus Eng. Very similar, but larger, 7.5 to 10 om. high, with fewer spines, the lower central usually hardly longer than the upper radial ones, about 2.5 om. long, lower radials shorter and upper centrals longer: flowers rose-colored, 24 to 32 mm. long, much less wide.—From Eagle Pass to the San Pedro. 130 3. EB. uncinatus Hopf., var. WRIGHTII Eng. Glaucescent, ovate, 7.5 to 15 em. high: ribs 13, interrupted: tubercles grooved to the base: radial spines 8, the 3 lower gray- ish-brown, hooked, and about 2.5 cm, long, the remaining 5 a little longer and straight; central one angled, flexuous, hooked, elongated, erect, straw-color with a grayish- brown tip, 5 to 10 cm. long: flowers brownish-purple, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long: berry fleshy.—From Eagle Pass to El Paso. 4, EH. setispinus Eng. Globose, ovate or subcylindrical: ribs 13, compressed and acutely angled: tubercles with very short grooves: radial spines 10 to 16, setaceous; the usually single central one more robust, terete, grayish-brown, hooked or flexu- ous-curled: flowers large, yellow, scarlet within: berry scarlet.—From the Brazos to the Rio Grande and west to the San Pedro. Var. sETACEUS Eng. is a smaller form, with more spines, and the 1 to 3 central ones more slender and scarcely hooked. 5. EB. sinuatus Dietr. Globose:.ribs 13, compressed, acutish, interrupted: radial spines setaceous, the 3 upper and 3 lower straightish and grayish-brown, the2toG lat- erals slenderer, white and flexuous (very rarely hooked); central ones 4, stouter, the 3 upper straight and variegated-purple, the lower flattened, elongated, flexuous or hooked, straw-colored: flowers large, yellow: berry ovate.—Along the Pecus, San Pedro, and Rio Grande, at least to Eagle Pass, probably further east. Intermediate be. tween the preceding species and the following. Distinguished from E. setispinus by its larger size, thicker ribs, flattened central spine, and shining finely dotted seeds; from £. longihamatus by the more compressed and less strongly tuberculated ribs, the smaller number of stigmas (8 to 12), smaller fruit, and much more finely dotted seeds. 6. EB. longihamatus Gal. Subglobose, 15 to 60 cm. high, the larger ones ovate: ribs 13 to 17, obtuse, tuberculate-interrupted: tuberclesshortly grooved: radial spines rigid, subterete, 2.5 to 8.5 cm. long, the upper and lower in threes, the 2 to 6 laterals longer; central 4 stout, angled and ringed, 3.5 to 16.5 cm. long, the lowest of which is hooked, straight, or flexuous; 2 to 4 additional upper ones fascicled with the radi- als: flowers large, 6.5 to 8.5 cm. long, yellow: stigmas 15 to 18: berry oblong, red when ripe.—Along the Rio Grande west to the Limpia, and especially in the region of the “Great Bend.” Easily recognized by its large heads and very long hooked spines, and known as ‘‘Turk’s head,” the fruit being considered delicious. Ex- ceedingly variable in the size of its spines. Var. GRACILISPINUS Eng. has 16 to 20 more slender spines, radials 12 to 14, centrals4 to 8, the lowest elongated and hooked. Var. BREVISPINUS Eng. has more slender (8 to 11) radial spines and the 4 centrals terete and (as well as the lower hooked one) scarcely exceeding the radials, 7. BE. Wislizeni Eng. Globose-ovate, very large, 6 to 12 dm. high : radial spines 2.5 to 5 cm. long, upper and lower ones in sixes, stout, straight, or curved, laterals 14 to 20 (often with shorter fascicled ones in addition), slender, elongated and flexuous; central ones 4, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, stout, angled, ringed, reddish, the 3 upper straight, the lower hooked downward and channeled: flowers yellow, 6.5 cm. long: berry ovate.—On the upper Rio Grande, from El Paso upwards. &. H. Parryi Eng. Simple, globose or depressed, the largest from 20 to 30 em. high: ribs 13, acute: spines stout, angled, ringed, white; radials 8 to 11, straight or a little curved, the upper wore slender, the lowest one wanting 3 the 4 central ones a little longer and stouter, the lowest longer and decurved : dry berry densely woolly.— The eastern limit seems to be El] Paso. 9. EB. horizonthalonius Lem., var. CENTRISPINUS Eng. Glaucous, depressed or at length ovate, 5 to 20 cm. high: ribs 8, very obtuse and very broad: areole orbic- ular with truncate base: spines nearly equal, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, stout, flattened, ringed, recurved, reddish at length gray; radials 5 to 7, the upper weaker, the low- est one wanting; @ solitary stouter decurved central one: flowers purple, densely woolly, 6.5 em. long: dry berry woolly,—From the. Pecos to E] Paso. Dr. Havard says that this species, under the name of “bisagre,” is sliced, candied in Mexican sugar, and kept as confections, 131 10. BE. Texensis Hopf. Teads 20 to 30 cm. in diameter, flat, or very old ones some- times globose. ribs 13 to 27, acute and undulate: areolx cordate: spines 1 to 5 cm. long, stout, ringed, more or less curved, reddish ; radials 6 to 7, the lowest wanting ; a solitary stouter flattened decurved central one: flowers rose-color, densely woolly, about5 cm. long: petals laciniate and aristate: berry scarlet and woolly.—From the Colorado southward, but apparently not westward beyond the Pecos. 11. BE. bicolor Gal., var. ScHortm Eng. Ovate, 10 to 15 cm. high: ribs 8, obtuse and interrupted: radial spines 15 to 17, straight, the upper 2 to 4 longer (2.5 cm.), broador and flattened ; central ones 4, the uppermost one broader and longer (3.5 cm.); lower radial and central ones reddish variegated: flower 5 tu 7.5 cm. long, bright purple or rose-colored.—On the lower Rio Grande. 12. E. intertextus Eng. Smaller, ovate-globose, 2.5 to 10cm. high: ribs 13, acute and interrupted: tubercles sulcate: spines rigid, reddish with grayish-brown tip; radials 4 to 12 mm. long, 16 to 25, closely appressed, the upper 5 to 9 more slender and subfasciculate, the lowest one short and stout; central ones 4, the 3 upper ex- ceeding the upper radials and intermixed with them, the single lower one short and perpendicular to the plant: flowers small, about 2.5 cm. long, rose-color, closely clustered on the densely woolly apex: dry berry scarcely scaly, 8 mm. in diameter. — From the Limpia to El Paso. Var. DASYacaNTHUS Eng., more common about El Paso, is ovate, with longer setaceous purplish-gray spines, radials spreading, and the lower central one shorter than the rest. 3. CHREUS Haworth. Plants of all sizes, low or climbing or erect, sometimes enormous, with spine-bearing areolie on vertical ribs, usually larger flowers close above the bundles of full grown (older) spines, scales of ovary distinct with naked or woolly axils or almost obsolete, and the axils spiny, and a succulent often edible sometimes very large berry which is covered with spines or scales or almost naked. § 1. Low and usually cespitose plants, mostly with numerous oval or cylindric heads, short Jlowers, green stigmas, and spiny fruit: seeds subglobose, covered with confluent tubercles. * Ribs numerous (10-21) : areola very crowded, often elongated : spines numerous (12 to 30), rigid, short (1-10 mm.), pectinate. +' Flowers greenish. 1. C. viridiflorus Eng. Ovate or at length cylindrical, simple or sparingly branched, 2.5 to 5 cm. high: ribs about 13: areolxe ovate-lanceolate: spines rarely more than 4 mm. long, closely radiate, 12 to 18, with 2 to 6 setaceous upper ones, re- maining laterals longer, lower often purplish-brown, remainder white ; central often wanting, sometimes a single longer stouter variegated one: flowers lateral and to wards the apex, about 2.5 em. long: berries elliptical, small.—Between the Pecos and El Paso. The more common form is var. CYLINDRICUS Eng., which is larger and elongated, 7.5 to 15 cm. high or more, with more rigid and longer spines, 4to 12 mm, long. 2. C. chloranthus Eng. Cylindrical, simple or sparingly branched, 7.5 to 25 cm. high and 3.5 to 5 om. in diameter: ribs 13 to 18: areolw ovate: spines loosely radiate, 12 to 20, 4 to 10 mm. long, with 5 to 10 setaceous upper ones, mostly white; central ones 3 to 5, 18 to 30 mm. long, the upper 2 shorter and purplish, the lower 1 to 3 longer, deflexed and white: flower lateral and on the lower part of the stem, very similar to the last: berries small—Common about El Paso. + + Flowers yellow, 3. C. dasyacanthus Eng. Subcylindrical, simple or branching from the base, 12.5 to 30 cm. high, densely covered with numberless spines: ribs 16 to 21: areola ovate: 132 spines 20 to 30, spreading, ash-colored and often reddish at tip, the inner 3 to8a little stouter and deflexed: flowers subterminal, large, 7.5 cm. across: berry sub- globose, 2.5 cm. in diameter.—On rocky hills, common about El Paso and down to the cafion of the Rio Grande. “Fruit pete or greenish-purple, when fully ripe delicious to eat, much like a gooseberry.” 4, C. ctenoides Eng. Subsimple, ovate, 5 to 10 em. high: ribs 15: areole lance- olate: like the last, but with white spines 2 to 8mm. long, the radial 14 to 20 pectinate, the central 2 or 3 in one series and short.—Eagle Pass. + + + Flowers red. 5. C. ceespitosus Eng. Ovate-cylindrical: ribs 12 to 18: areolw lanceolate: radial spines 20 to 30, straight or somewhat recurved, pectinate, white; central wanting, or rarely 1 or 2 very short ones: flower-tube with 80 to 100 puibeilll, each bearing 6 to 12 capillary dusky spines and long cinereous wool.—Throughout Texas as far west as the Pecos. ; 6. C. Retteri Eng. Similar to C. dasyacanthus, but distinguished by the fewer ribs (10 to 12), fewer (12 to 20) and stouter spines, purple flowers, smaller fruit, and larger seed.—Near El Paso. ** Ribs fewer (5- 13) : areole less crowded or remote: spines fewer (3 to 12), longer (6-32 mm.), not pectinate. + Flowers purple, diurnal. 7. C. Fendleri Eng. Ovate-cylindrical, 7.5 to 20 cm. high: ribs 9 to 12: areola somewhat crowded: spines from a. bulbous base, radials 7 to 10, straight or curved, some white, some grayish-brown, some variegated, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, the lower ones stouter; central one solitary, stout, curved, blackish-brown, often elongated (2.5 to 4cm.): flowers lateral and near the apex, 6.5 to 8.5 cm. across, deep purple: berry 25 to 30 mm. long.—From the Upper Pecos to El Paso. 8. C. enneacanthus Eng. Ovate-cylindrical, very cespitose, with a wrinkled or withered appearance, 7.5 to 15 cm, high: ribs 7 to 10: spines straight, radials 7 to 12 (mostly about 8), white, upper 6 to 10 mm. long, lower 16 to 32 mm. long, laterals intermediate; central one solitary (rarely 2 or 3), bulbous at base, white or straw- color, extremely variable, in smaller specimens terete, in more perfect ones elongated and flattened, 16 or 20 to 30 or even 40 mm. long: flowers 5 to 7.5 cm. long and wide, the ovary and tube covered with numerous bunches of spines: berry about 2.5 cm. long.—In the Rio Grande Valley from El Paso to Laredo. 9. C. stramineus Eng. Ovate-cylindrical, cespitose-glomerate, often from 100 to 200 heads in one hemispherical mass, each 12.5 to 22.5 cm. high: ribs 11 to 13: radial spines 7 to 10 (mostly 8), straight or curved, white, about equal, 1.5 to 3 em. long; central ones 3 or 4, angled, elongated, often flexuose, 5 to 8.5 cm. long; younger ones dirty yellow and brown, like old straw: flowers 7.5 to 10 em. long, very full, bright purple, with spiny ovary: berry 3.5 to5 cm. long, luscious, with bunches of elongated spines.—Common between the Pecos and E] Paso, rarer in southeastern Texas. Known as the ‘‘strawberry cactus,” or “pitahaya.” ‘The ripe fruit is red, with thin skin, bearing but few spines and easily peeled off. It is equal or superior, in quality and flavor, to the best strawberry. Whenever the traveler notices the pink fruit, glow- ing through the long spiny straws besetting the stem, he seldom fails to dismount and secure it, even at the risk of getting his hands badly punctured” (Havard). 10. C. dubius Eng. Ovate-cylindrical, cespitose, 12.5 to 20 cm. high, of a pale green color and a soft flabby texture: ribs 7 to 9: radial spines 5 to 8, white, 12 to 30 mm. long, the upper often wanting; central ones 1 to 4, angled, often curved, more or less elongated, 3.5 to 7.5 em. long: flowers 6.5 cm. long, pale purple and with fewer and narrower petals: berry smaller (2.5 to 3.5 cm.), covered with bunches of spines.—From E] Paso down to the lower Rio Grande. 133 + + Flowers scarlet, open day and night. 11. C. phoeniceus Eng. Globose or oval obtuse heads 5 to 7.5 cm. high, cespitose (several to over 100 from same base, often forming dense hemispherical masses) : ribs 8 to 11: areolw ovate to orbicular: spines slender and straight, the radials 8 to 12, white, 6 to 24 mm. long, the upper a little shorter than the rest; central ones 1 to 3, bulbous at base, terete, a little stouter, 10 to 30 mm. long: flowers deep red, 3.5 to 6.5 cm. long and half as wide. (C. Raemeri Eng.)—In the granitic regions of west- ern Texas, from the Llano westward. 12. C. conoideus Eng. Ovate-conical acutish heads, 7.5 to 10 cm. high, few of unequal height from a common base: ribs 9 to 11: radial spines 10 to 12, slender and rigid, upper ones 4 to 10 mm. long, laterals 12 to 30 mm.; central ones 3 to 5, the upper hardly longer than the radials, the lowest one 4-angled and often compressed, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, at length deflexed:—Rocky places along the. upper Pecos and probably within the Texan boundary. 13. C. polyacanthus Eng. Ovate-cylindrical, cespitose, 12.5 to 25 cm. high, 6.5 to 10 cm. in diameter: ribs 9 to 13: spines stout, rigid, straight, white or ashy-red, upper radials 12 mm. long, lateral and lower ones 18 to 24 mm. ; central spines 3 or 4, hardly longer, or the lower sometimes 3.5 to 6.5 cm. long, a little stouter; younger ones often variegated grayish-brown: flowers 5 to 7.5 cm. long, profusely covering . the plant. —Common about El Paso. 14. C, paucispinus Eng. Ovate-cylindrical, sparingly branching or simple, 12.5 to 22.5 cm. high, 5 to 7.5 cm. in diameter: ribs 5 to 7: areola remote: 3 to 6 stout radiating dark-colored spines, 16 to 32 mm. long, the central one almost always want- ing or rarely a stout subangled one 30 to 40 mm. long.—From the San ‘Pedro to the mouth of the Pecos. ** © Low and spreading usually articulated plants, with cylindrical simple or very branch- ing stems and few short or even minute slender spines. 15. C. Berlandieri Eng. Low and very green, the stems diffuse, subterete, articu- lated and very branching, 3.5 to 15 cm. long and 2.5 em. thick; tubercles conical: spines 6 to 8, slender, short, the radials white and 8 to 10 mm. long, the single cen- tral one grayish-brown, much longer (12 to 24 mm.): flowers 5 to 10 cm. long, with narrow recurved petals: seeds tuberculate.—On the Nueces. 16. C. procumbens Eng. Similar to the last, but stems more slender and 4 or 5- angled: spines 4 to 6, the radials white, 2 to 4 mm. long, central one, if present, dark and 4 to 6 mm. long: flowers over 7.5 cm. long, with obovate-spatulate spread- ing or somewhat recurved petals: seeds very delicately warty.—On the Rio Grande near and below Matamoras. 17, C. tuberosus Poselger. Very slender from a tuberous root, terete, thickened upward, at length articulated: ribs 8: spines minute and slender, the 9 to 12 radial ones hardly 2 mm. long, the solitary central one longer (4 to 6 mm.) and appressed upwards: flowers subterminal.—On the lower Rio Grande. § 2. Stem elongated, prismatic or cylindric, mostly branching, with longer flowers and whitish stigmas: seeds obovate, usually smooth or pitted. 18. C. princeps Hort. Wiirzb. Erect, 3 or 4-angled, 9 to 30 dm. high, 5 cm. in dia- meter: areole remote: radial spines 4 to 6, short; 2 to 4 interior ones stout, elon- gated, unequal, divaricate, central one deflexed ; larger spines 24 to 36 mm. long: flowers large, white, nocturnal: berry scarlet, 5 to 7.5cm. long, spiny. (C. variabilis Pfeiff.)—On the lower Rio Grande. 19. C. Greggii Eng. Slender, erect from a large fleshy napiform root, 6 to 9 dm, high, 18 to 24 mm. thick: branches 3 to 6-angled, reddish: areola crowded: spines. abruptly subulate from a bulbous base, very short (1 to 2 mm. long), blackish; radials 6 to 9; centrals 1 or 2: flowers elongated, 15 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 6.5 cm. wide, the white tube armed with capillary flexuous spines: berry sessile, obovate, beaked, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long.—From the San Pedro westward and southward. 134 4, OPUNTIA Tourn. Articulated much branched plants of various shapes, low and pros- trate or erect and shrub-like, with young branches bearing small terete subulate early deciduous leaves and in their axils an areola with nu- merous short easily detached bristles and (usually) stouter spines (all barbed), mostly large diurnal flowers with very short cup-shaped tubes on joints of the previous year and on the same areole with the spines, spreading or rarely erect petals, ovary with bristle-bearing areol in the axils of small terete deciduous sepals, and a succulent or dry trun- cate berry marked with bristly or spiny areole.—Ours all have broad obovate or obcordate petals. §.1. Joints compressed (glabrous except in No. 11): fruit fleshy (except in No. 12): seed with a prominent bony margin. *Suberect : spines very numerous, colored: berry small, subglobose. 1. O. Strigil Eng. Plant 6dm. high: joints ovate or orbicular, 10 to 12.5 em. long: pulvilli crowded ; spines 5 to 8, 2.5 cm. long or less, radiate and deflexed, reddish- brown with yellow tip: berry 12 to 14 mm. long, red, broadly umbilicate.—Between the Pecos and El Paso. ** Hrect or procumbent: joints large: spines few, stout, compressed, mostly colored: berry larger, mostly ovate. 2. O. Englemanni Salm. Erect, 12 to 18 dm. high: joints obovate, 3 dm. long or less: pulvilli remote, bearing unequal rigid straw-colored bristles and 1 to 3 com- pressed straw-colored spines reddish at base and 2.5 to 3.5 em. long: flowers yellow (reddish within), 6.5 to 7.5 em. across, with globose ovary: berry obovate, broadly umbilicate, usually 5cm. long. (Incl. 0. dulcis Eng.).—Common throughout southern and western Texas. This seems to be the common “ prickly pear” of Texas, though all the flat-jointed Opuntias bear that name. The joints are commonly spoken of as “leaves,” and form an important food for grazing animals, under the name of “nopal.” The “nopal leaf” is also much used for poultices, etc. Var.? cYCLODES Eng., on the upper Pecos, has orbicular joints, stouter and mostly single spines, and a small globose berry. 3. O. macrocenta Eng. Ascending, 6 to 9 dm. high: joints suborbicular, thin, 12.5 to 20 cm. in diameter: pulvilli somewhat remote, bearing short, slender, fulvous bristles, the uppermost only having 1 or 2 very long (5 to 7.5 cm.) blackish subcom- pressed spines: flowers yellow, with ovate ovary.—Sand-hills of the Rio Grande near E] Paso. 4. O. pheeacantha Eng. Diffuse, ascending: joints obovate, thick, glaucescent, 10 to 15 em. long: pulvilli somewhat remote, bearing longer slender straw-colored or grayish-brown bristles, and almost all with 2 to 5 more or less compressed grayish- brown spines 2.5 to 5 cm. long: flowers yellow, about 5 cm. in diameter, with a short ovary: berry cuneate, pear-shaped, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, slender, much contracted at base so as to appear almost stipitate.—Sandy places near El Paso. 5. O. Camanchica Eng. Prostrate and extensively spreading: joints ascending, suborbicular, 15 to 17.5 cm. long: pulvilli remote, mostly bearing few straw-colored or fulvous bristles, and 1 to3 compressed grayish-brown (paler at tip) spines, the upper ones elongated, suberect, the rest deflexed, 3.5 tq 7.5 cm. long: berry ovate, large, broadly umbilicate.—On the Llano Estaecado. 6. O. tortispina Eng. Similar in size and habit to the last: pulvilli subremote, with the 3 to 5 spines larger, angled, often twisted, white, with 2 to 4 slenderer ones.— On the Camanche plains, east of the Llano Estacado. 135 “** Ascending : joints mostly smaller : spines few, slender, pliable, terete or scarcely angled, pale: berry smaller. 7, O. tenuispina Eng. About 3 dm. high: joints rather large, obovate, attenuate at base, bright green, 7.5 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 10 cm. wide: pulvilli somewhat approxi- mate, bearing short slender fulvous bristles, and mostly armed with 1 or 2 elongated (3.5 to 6.5 cm.) white spines, and 1 to 4 shorter lower ones: flowers yellow, 6.5 to7.50om. in diameter, with obovate retuse petals and clavate ovary: berry oblong, deeply um- bilicate.—Sand hills néar El Paso. 8. O. filipendula Eng. Plant 1.5t03 dm. high, glaucous: roots long and knotted: joints orbicular or obovate or oblanceolate, thin, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 2.5 to5 om, wide: pulvilli approximate, bearing numerous slender greenish-yellow bristles, armed or unarmed; the spines, when present, 1 or 2 elongated (2.5 to 5 cm.) ones with 1 or 2 smaller ones: flowers purplish, 6.5 cm. in diameter, with slender ovary.— Alluvial bottoms from the Pecos to El Paso. ‘‘The long knotted roots, small bluish joints, very small leaves, very long bristles, and purple flowers distinguish this species from all others” (Engelmann). *“* * * Prooumbent or ascending : joints mostly smaller: apines stout, subterete or nonc, white or dark: berry clavate. 9. O. Rafinesquii Eng. Diffuse and with fibrous root: joints obovate or suborbic- ular, very green, 7.5 to 12.5 om. long, with elongated spreading leaves (6 to 8 mm. long): pulvilli somewhat remote, bearing slender reddish-brown bristles, mostly un- armed; spines (when present) few, marginal, stout, straight, a single erect or spread- ing one 18 to 24 mm. long, and 1 or2 smaller deflexed ones, variegated reddish-brown: flowers yellow, often with a red center, 6.5 to 8.5 cm. in diameter.—A common species of tho plains, and probably extending into the northern border of Texas. The follow- ing varieties, sometimes considered distinct species, are more southern and properly belong to the Texan flora: Var. GRANDIFLORA Eng. Somewhat ascending, with larger joints (often 12.5 to 15 em. long), remote pulvilli (nearly 2.5 cm. apart), very slender bristles, mostly no spines, large flowers (10 to 12.5 cm. in diameter) red in the center and with about 10 very broad petals, 5 stigmas, anil an elongated-clavate berry.—On the Brazos.—Var. cyMocHILA Eng. Diffuse, with orbicular joints (6.5 to 7.5 cm. in diameter), less remote pulvilli bearing straw-colored or fulvous bristles and mostly armed with 1 to 3 stouter spines (2.5 to5 om. long) which are white with fulvous base and spreading or deflexed and often 2 or 3 additional smaller ones, 8 stigmas, and an obovate berry.—On the Llano Estacado.—Var. MACRORHIZA Eng. Prostrate, often ascending, with tuberous roots, obovate-orbicular very green joints (6.5 to 8.5 cm. long), somewhat remote pulvilli bearing reddish-brown bristles and only the upper armed, single stout often variegated spreading spines with 1 or 2 more slender deflexed additional ones, about 8 sulphur yellow petals reddish at base, 5 stigmas, and an obovate green or pale-purple berry clavate at base and broadly umbilicate:— Sterile rocky places between the Colorado and the San Antonio, especially on the upper Guadalupe. 10.’ O. fusco-atra Eng. Diffuse: joints orbiculate-ovate, tuberculate, 6.5 to 7.5 em. long: pulvilli somewhat remote, large, grayish-tomentose, only the lower armed; bristles numerous, stout, rather long (4 to 6 mm.), grayish-brown ; spines usually a single stout brownish-black suberect one (2.5 to 3 om. long) and often another shorter deflexed one: flowers yellow, nearly 7.5 cm. in diameter, with a conical ovary bear- ing pulvilli covered with long grayish-brown wool.—Sterile places in prairies west of Houston. ‘The stout brown, or above almost black spines, and the thick bunches of unusually stont brown bristles ou the small joints, give this plant a very distinct appearance” (Hngelmann). “x * * * Hreot or procumbent: joints pubescent : leaves minute: mostly no spines. 11. O. rufida Eng. Erect-spreading, 6 to 12 dm. high, much branched: joints broadly obovate or suborbicular, 7.5 to 15 om. long: leaves long acuminate, 5 mm. 136 long: pulvilli crowded, bearing very numerous slender reddish bristles and nc spines: flowers yellow, 6.5 cm. in diameter, with an obovate ovary covered with numerous pulvilli.—Common along the Rio Grande near Presidio del Norte. ****** Diffuse: joints swollen: spines very numerous: fruit dry and spiny. 12, O. arenaria Eng. Ascending, spreading 6 to 9 dm., 15 to 30cm. high: roots stout, creeping horizontally: joints obovate, teretish or somewhat compressed, tuber- culate, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 2.5 to5cm. wide: pulvilli somewhat crowded, very bristly with pale bristles; 1 to 4 stouter spines white or grayish-brown (18 to 30 mm. long), with 2 to 6 white and shorter lower ones: flowers sulphur-yellow, 5 to 6.5 cm. in di- ameter, with emarginate petals and an obovate ovary: fruit oblong, spinose, about 2.5 em. long, with a funnelform umbilicus.—Sandy bottoms of the Rio Grande near El Paso. § 2. Joints cylindrical, more or less tuberculated : fruit dry or but little fleshy: seed not margined, or scarcely so. * Low plants, with clavate joints, without a firm woody skeleton: flowers yellow: fruit dry and very bristly. 13. O. Bmoryi Eng. Joints long (12.5 to 22.5 em. long and 2.5 to 3.5 em. thick), clavate-cylindrical, with linear-oblong and very prominent tubercles (2.5 to 3.5 em. long): spines numerous (15 to 30) in the upper bundles, the 5 to 9 inner ones stouter, angular-compressed, the longest 3.5 to 6.5 cm. long: flowers yellow, reddish without: fruit 5 to 6.5 cm. long.—Dry soil, about El Paso, which seems to be its eastern limit, 14. O. Schottii Eng. Joints 5 cm. long, with elongated tubercles 16 to 18 mm. long: pulvilli with few bristles; spines less numerous (10 to 14), usually-4 inner ones stouter and broader (3.5 to 5 cm. long), the upper one being triangular in section, the others plano-convex, the 8 to 10 outer ones more slender and radiate (8 to 18 mm. long), all dirty-red and very rough: fruit ovate.—Dry hills near the mouths of the San Pedro and Pecos. ‘Distinguished by the broad and very rough dirty-red spines (larger ones with a white margin) and by the smaller number of bristles on the pul- villi of both joints and fruit” (Engelmann). 15. O. Grahami Eng. Roots fusiform: joints 3.5 to 5 cm. long, with oblong tu- bercles 12 to 14 mm. long, and ovate-cuspidate leaves rarely 4 mm. long: spines 8 to 13, slender and reddish, the inner 4 to7 teretish or angled, the outer 4 to 6 short.— Sandy bottoms of the Rio Grande, from El Paso downwards, but probably not below the ‘‘Great Bend.” * * More or less erect and much-branched plants, with cylindric joints having a solid or tubular and reticulated woody skeleton. + Spines more or less numerous : joints prominently tuberculate. 16. O. Davisii Eng. Spreading and somewhat procumbent, about 45 cm. high, divaricately much branched, with dense wood: younger joints erect, elongated, at- tenuate at base, rather slender, 10 to 15 cm. long, with oblong-linear tubercles 14 to 16 mm. long: spines 9 to 13, the interior 4 to7 subtriangular, reddish and coated with a loose straw- colored sheath, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, the lower 5 or 6 slender (6 to 12 mm. long): flowers yellow: fruit ovate, dry and spiny, 2.5 cm. or more long.—On the Llano Estacado. 17. O. arborescens Eng. Tree-like, 15 to 18 dm. (further south 30 to 60 dm.) high, with verticillate horizontal or pendulous branches and reticulate-tubular wood: joints verticillate, cylindrical, with prominent crested tubercles: spines 8 to 30, stellate-divaricate: flowers large, purple: fruit nearly hemispherical, tuberculate- cristate, yellow, unarmed, and almost dry.—Prairies and highlands of western Texas. The so-called ‘‘skeleton” (wood) of this handsome purple-flowered species forms a ‘heavy, hollow cylinder, with rhombic holes or meshes corresponding to the tubercles and spine-bunches of the plant” (Rothrock), 137 + + Spines mostly solitary : joints more slender and obscurely tuberoulate. 18. O. Kleiniz DC. Shrubby, erect, 6 to 12 dm. high, with dense wood: joints cylindrical, slender (8 mm. in diameter), with depressed tubercles 14 to 18 mm. long: spines mostly solitary, perpendicular to the plant or somewhat deflexed, 16 to 20 mm. long: flowers cinnabar-red, 2.5 to 3 om. in diameter. (0. Wrightii Eng.)—On steep mountain sides, from the Limpia to the Pecos. 19. O, leptocaulis DC. Shrubby, erect, 9 to 15 dm. high, with dense wood and rather erect branches: joints terete, very slender (only 4 to 6 mm. in diameter), with indistinct tubercles 6 to 10 mm. long: spines mostly solitary, loosely sheathed, 2.5 to 5 em. long: flowers small, 14 to 18 mm. in diameter, greenish-yellow: fruit obovate, scarlet, fleshy, 10 t0 18mm. long. (0. frutescens Eng.)—From the Colorado westward. Var. BREVISPINA Watson has more slender, shorter, and closely sheathed spines, 8to 12mm. long. ‘The slenderest of all Opuntia, with long branches scarcely larger than a goose-quill, small yellow flowers, and a small pulpy scarlet fruit” (Hngel- mann). FICOIDEZ. A miscellaneous group, chiefly of fleshy or succulent plants, with mostly opposite leaves and no stipules.—Our genera are apetalous and with the calyx free from the ovary. 1. Sesuvium. Succulent: calyx-lobes 5, colored within: stamens 5 to 60: pod ciroumscissile, 3 to 5-celled, many-seeded. 2. Trianthema. Not succulent: calyx-lobes 5, colored within: stamens 6 to 10: pod circumscissile, 1-celled, with few seeds. 3. Mollugo. Not succulent: sepals 5: stamens 3 or 5: pod loculicidal, 3-celled, many-seeded. 1. SESUVIUM L. (SEA PURSLANE.) Usually prostrate saline herbs, with succulent stems, opposite leaves, axillary or terminal purplish flowers, persistent and free 5-parted calyx, the lobes apiculate below the top, 5 to 60 stamens inserted on the calyx, 3 to 5 separate styles, and a 3 to 5-celled many-seeded pod whose upper part falls off as a lid. 1. S. Portulacastrum L. Stems prostrate or ascending, often 3 dm. long or more: leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse: flowers soli- tary or clustered, sessile or pedicellate: calyx 6 to 10 mm. long, the lobes apiculate on the back and more or less purple: stamens numerous.—In saline or alkaline locali- ties from the Gulf coast to El Paso. 2. TRIANTHEMA L. Like the last, but with a single style, and a 1-celled few-seeded pod. 1. T. monogynum L. Leaves roundish-obovate, the pairof unequal siz, the petiole enlarged into a sheath: flowers usually solitary, sessile, half-concealed within the broad sheath: pod 1-celled, with 6 to 8-seeded parietal placenta, the lid prominent and concave at top and nearly closed at base,—Fields and plains west of the Pecos, 3. MOLLUGO L. (INDIAN CHICK-WEED.) Low and much-branched annuals, with 5 sepals whitish inside, 5 hypogynous stamens, 3 stigmas, and a 8-celled 3-valved loculicidal pod, the partitions breaking away from the many-seeded axis. 2816—02 10 138 1. M. verticillata L. (CARPET-WEED.) Prostrate, forming patches: leaves spat- ulate, clustered in whorls at the joints, where the 1-flowered pedicels form a sort of sessile umbel : stamens usually 3.—Sandy river banks and cultivated groundsthrough out southern Texas. 2. M. Cerviana Seringe. Like the last, but with very narrow glaucous leaves.— Collected by Palmer near Bluffton (Llano County); probably occurring farther westward, as it has been found in New Mexico and Arizona. 3. M. Cambessidesii has very short and broadly obovate leaves, but in other respects resembles M. verticillata (for which it was mistaken in Contr. Nat. Herb., ii. 39) (Glinus Cambessidesii Fenzl.).—West of the Pecos. Seed characters and others have been used to place this species in a separate genus, Glinus, but Bentham & Hooker have reduced it to Mollugo. UMBELLIFERZA. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) Herbs, with alternate mostly compound leaves whose petioles are expanded or sheathing at base, small floweis usually in compound umbels (rarely in heads), the calyx (its limb obsolete or a mere 5 toothed border) entirely adhering to the 2-celled 2-ovuled ovary, the'5 petals and 5 stamens inserted on the disk that crowns the ovary and surrounds the base of the 2 styles, and fruit consisting of 2 seed-like dry carpels. A large and difficult order, as the flowers are much alike in all, and the chief characters must be obtained from examination of the surface and cross-sections of the mature fruit. No attempt should be made to name most of the species without mature fruit. The following special terms are used: commissure, the inner face of the carpels; ribs, 5 of which occur on each carpel lengthwise, some or all of which may be winged, and consisting of 1 dorsal (in the middle of the carpel back), 2 laterals (at the margins of the carpels), and 2 intermediates ; 4 secondary ribs oc- casionally occur intermediate between the 5 primary ones; oil-tubes, longitndinal canals containing aromatic oil and lodged in the fruit usually between the primary ribs and in the commissural face; stylopo- dium,the thickened and cushion.like base of the styles; umbellets, second- ary umbels; énvolucels, involucres of the umbellets; bracts and bractlets are applied to the constituent leaves of the involucre and involucel re- spectively. The following is an artificial key to the genera: I. Fruit bristly, prickly, or scaly. : * Fruit bristly or prickly along the ribs: umbels compound: leaves pinnately decom- pound. 1. Daucus. Stylopodium depressed or wanting: calyx-teeth obsolete: flowers white. 2, Cuminum. Stylopodium conical: calyx-teeth prominent and unequal: flowers rose-colored. ** Fruit withoat ribs, prickly or scaly all over. 12. Eryngium. Flowers in a globose or oblong head: fruit with tuberculate scales: leaves mostly coriaceous and prickly. 13. Sanicula. Flowers in irregularly compounded umbets: fruit covered with hooked prickles: leaves mostly palmate, witb toothed or incised lobes. 139 II. Fruit not prickly or scaly. A. Fruit strongly flattened dorsally, with lateral ribs prominently winged. * Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 6. Heracleum. Stylopodium conical: stout pubescent plants, with large and ternately compound leaves. 5. Burytzenia. Stylopodium depressed : slender caulescent branching plants, with pinnately dissected leaves, and white flowers. 7. Pastinaca. Stylopodium depressed: stout caulescent plants, with yellow flowers. 9. Peucedanum. Stylopodium depressed: plants acaulescent or nearly so. * * QOil-tubes more than one in the intervals. 8. Polytzenia. Caulescent and branching plants, with obsolete dorsal ribs, very thick corky lateral ones, and yellow flowers. B. Fruit not strongly flattened dorsally (usually somewhat laterally flattened). * Oil-tubes none. 4, Bifora. Stylopodium conical: seed-faceconcave: fruitof nearly distinct globose carpels: leaves vinnately dissected. 28. Bowlesia. Stylopodium depressed: seed-face plane: leaves simple and lobed. * * Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. + Stylopodium conical. + Leaflets (at least the upper) linear to filiform. = Involucre wanting: flowers yellow. 15. Foeniculum. Leaves dissected into filiform segments. = = Involucre present: flowers white. 14. Ammoselinum. Low and diffuse plants, with ternately divided leaves. 3. Trepocarpus. Leaves finely dissected: involucral bracts few and linear: fruit linear-oblong. 25. Discopleura. Leaves finely dissected: involucre foliaceous: fruit ovate, the lateral ribs very thick and corky. 26. Ammi. Asin the last (or the leaflets sometimes broader), but with all the ribs filiform. 24. Leptocaulis. Leaves finely dissected: fruit ovate and tuberculate. 11. Cynosciadium. Leaves with few leaflets: fruit ovoid, with thick and corky lateral ribs. ++ ++ Leaflets broader. 17. Cherophyllum. Fruit linear-oblong, with concave seed-face: calyx-teeth obsolete: leaves ternately decompound. 22. Cicuta. Fruit oblong to orbicular, with plane seed-face: calyx-teeth rather prominent: leaves pinnately compound. 23. Cryptotzenia. Fruit linear-oblong, with plane seed-face: calyx-teeth obsolete: leaves 3-foliolate. , + + Stylopodium depressed. ++ Flowers white. 10. Cymopterus. Fruit with all the ribs conspicuously winged. 20. Apium. Fruit very small, with equal, broad and corky ribs. 16. Apiastrum. Fruit with obscure or obsolete ribs. ++ ++ Flowers yellow. 21. Zizia. Tall and branching plants, with broad leaflets, and fruit with filiform ribs. 140 * * * Oil-tubes more than one in the intervals. + Stylopodium conical. 27. Berula. Fruit round, with globose carpels and very slender inconspicuous ribs. + + Stylopodium depressed. 18. Museniopsis. Acaulescent: fruit with filiform ribs and plainly concave seed- face: flowers yellow. 19. Sium. Stout and caulescent: fruit with prominent equal corky ribs and plane or but slightly concave seed-face: flowers white. C. Fruit strongly flattened laterally. 29. Hydrocotyle. Marsh or aquatic plants with simple leaves. 1. DAUCUS Tourn. (CaARROT.) Bristly annuals or biennials, with pinnately decompound leaves, folia- ceous and cleft bracts, entire or toothed bractlets, white flowers in con- cave umbels, obsolete calyx-teeth, oblong dorsally flattened fruit with bristly primary ribs and winged secondary ones each bearing a single row of prominent barbed prickles, depressed stylopodium (or none), and solitary oil-tubes. 1. D. pusillus Mx. Stems retrorsely-hispid, from 2.5 to 60cm. high: leaves finely dissected into narrowly linear segments: umbels unequally few to many-rayed; rays 1 to 3.5 cm. long; pedicels very unequal, from 16 mm. to almost wanting: fruit 3 to 5 mm. long.—Throughont Texas. Very variable in its pubescence characters, 2. D. Carota L,, the common cultivated carrot, has become extensively natural- ized. The stems are bristly, leaves more coarsely divided (the ultimate segments lanceolate and cuspidate), umbels with more numerous and elongated rays and more prominent involucres, and fruit generally larger. 2. CUMINUM L. (Cumin). The common “cumin” of the Mediterranean region has been found growing spontaneously near El Paso. 1. C. Cyminum L. is a small slender annual, 7.5 to 25 cm. high, with long filiform leaflets and similar bracts and bractlets, awl-shaped sepals, rose-colored petals, fruit with long hairs and bristles, and oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs. 3. TREPOCARPUS Nutt. = Glabrous annuals, with thin pinnately decompound leaves and linear segments, lateral few rayed umbels opposite the leaves, involucre and involucels of few linear entire or divided bracts, white flowers, prom- inent unequal calyx-teeth, linear-oblong laterally flattened smooth crustaceous fruit, no primary ribs, 4 prominent corky secondary ribs, conical stylopodium, and solitary oil-tubes veneath the secondary ribs, 1. T. Aithuse Nutt. From 1 to 9 dm. high: umbels 2 to 5-rayed ; umbellets few-flowered, witb very short pedicels: fruit 8 to 10 mm. long.—Prairiesof northern and eastern Texas. 4. BIFORA Hoffm. Slender smooth annuals, with leaves pinnately dissected into filiform segments, involucre and involucels of few small bracts, white flowers in 141 fe\y-rayed umbels, evident calyx-teeth, laterally flattened smooth fruit with globose carpels in contact only by a narrow commissure, no pri- mary ribs, 4 filiform secondary ribs, a thin very hard pericarp, conical stylopodium, no oil tubes, and a deeply concave seed-face. 1. B. Americana Gray. Branching above, 3 dm. or more high, rays and angles of stem (especially summit of internodes) roughened with minute callous points: umbels 5 to 8-rayed; rays 12 to 18 mm. long; pedicels about 2 mm. long: fruit 3 mm. long and 5 mm. broad.—Dry ground, throughout Texas east of the Pecos. 5. BURYTZNIA Torr. & Gray. Glabrous branching herbs, with pinnately dissected leaves, involucre and involucels of cleft bracts, white flowers, prominent calyx-teeth, ovate glabrous dorsally flattened fruit, filiform dorsal and intermediate ribs, very prominent thick-winged lateral ribs, depressed stylopodium, and solitary very broad oil-tubes. 1. E. Texana Torr. & Gray. From 3 to8 dm. high: leaflets long, narrowly linear to oblong, serrate or toothed: umbels 8 to 15-rayed; rays 2.5 to 5 cm. long; pedicels very short: fruit 4 mm. long.—Eastern Texas. 6. HERACLEUM L. (Cow-parsnlp.) Tall stout perennials, with large ternately compound leaves, decidu- ous involucres, involucels of numerous bractlets, large many-rayed umbel of white flowers, small or obsolete calyx-teeth, obcordate petals (the outer ones often dilated and 2-cleft), broadly obovate very much dorsally flattened somewhat pubescent fruit, dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform, the laterals broadly winged, thick-conical stylopodium, and solitary oil-tubes (about half as long as the carpel). 1. H. lanatum Mx. Very stout, 12 to 24dm. high, pubescent or woolly above: petioles much dilated; leaflets petiolulate, round-cordate, 10 to 25 cm. broad, irregularly cut- toothed: rays 5 to 15 cm. long: fruit 8 to 12 mm. long, somewhat pubescent.—Un- doubtedly occurring in Texasin wet ground. 7. PASTINACA L. (PARSNIP). Tall stout biennial, with pinnately compound leaves, mostly no invo- lucre, yellow flowers, obsolete calyx-teeth, oval very much dorsally flat- tened glabrous fruit, filiform dorsal and intermediate ribs, broad lateral wings, depressed but prominent stylopodium, and small solitary oil- tubes, 1. P. sativa L., the common parsnip, with ovate to oblong cut-toothed leaflets, is naturalized almost every where. 8. POLYTAINIA DC. Perennial mostly glabrous herbs, with twice pinnate leaves, no in- volucre, involucels of narrow bractlets, bright yellow flowers, conspic- uous calyx-teeth, obovate to oval much dorsally flattened glabrous frait, dorsal and intermediate ribs small or obscure in the depressed 142 often corky back, laterals forming broad thick corky wings, no sty- lopodium, and 12 to 18 oil-tubes about the seed besides many scattered through the thick corky pericarp. 1. P. Nuttallii DC. Mostly glabrous except the pubescent pedicels and involu- cela, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaf-segments cuneate and incised ; upper leaves opposite and 3-cleft : umbel 6 to 12-rayed; rays about 25 cm. long; pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long: fruit 6 to 10 mm. long.—Apparently throughout eastern and northern Texas. 9. PEUCEDANUM L. Short-caulescent or acaulescent dry ground perennials, with fasiform or tuberous roots, ternate or pinnate to dissected leaves, no involucre, involucels mostly present, yellow or white flowers, obsolete or evident calyx-teeth, oblong to suborbicular glabrous to tomentose dorsally flat- tened fruit, filiform dorsal and intermediate ribs, lateral wings broad and thin, no stylopodium, and 1 to 8 oil-tubes in the intervals.—A very large and perplexing genus of western United States, but scantily represented in Texas. 1. P feniculaceum Nutt. Acaulescent, tomentose or glabrous, with peduncles 20 to 30 cm. long: leaves finely dissected, ternate then pinnate, with short filiform seg- ments: umbel rather equally 3 to 12-rayed, with gamophyllous involucels 5 to 7- cleft and with conspicuously hairy margins; rays 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long; pedicels 6 to 10 mm. long: flowers yellow: fruit broadly oblong, 5 to 6 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, with wings half as broad as body and prominent dorsal and intermediate ribs: oil- tubes 1 to 3inthe intervals.—A species of the westeru plains, extending into north. ern and eastern Texas. 2. P. nudicauleNutt. Acaulescent or shortly caulescent, with peduncles 7.5 to 20 em. high, pubescent from a thick elongated (often tuberous) root: leaves bipinnate, the small oblong segments entire or toothed: umbel unequally 5 to 8-rayed, with in- volucels of scarious-margined (often purplish) lanceolate bractlets; rays 1 to 3.5 cm. long ; pedicels5 to 7 mm. long: flowers white or pinkish : fruit almost round, emar- ginate at base, glabrous, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, with wings not as broad as body, and indistinct or obsolete dorsal and intermediate ribs: oil-tubes mostly solitary.— A very early bloomer of the plains west and north of Texas, and doubtless in north- ern Texas. 10. CYMOPTERUS Raf. Mostly low and glabrous perennials (often cespitose) from a thick elongated root, with more or less pinnately compound leaves, mostly no involucre and prominent involucels, white, purple or yellow flowers, more or less prominent calyx-teeth, usually globose fruit with 6 to 10 broad thin and equal wings, depressed stylopodium, and oil-tubes one to several in the intervals. 1. C. montanus Torr. & Gray. Leaves clustered at the summit of the very short stem, glaucous and glabrous (rarely slightly puberulent), pinnate or bipinnate; pin- ne oblong, pinnatifid with oblong obtuse entire or toothed lobes: peduncles 2.5 to 15cm. high; rays6 to 18 mm. long; pedicels very short; involucre and involucels of mostly broad membranaceous usually green-veined bracts, more or less united: flowers white: fruit oblong in outline, 6 to 12 mm. long, the 6 to 10 wings broad and thin (thick at base): oil-tubes 1 to 3 in the intervals.—Northern and western Texas. 2. CG. Fendleri Gray. Low, subcaulescent: leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate in 143 outline, exceeding the peduncles, 2 or 3-pinnate; pinnw and segments 5 or 7, oblong and incised: umbels few-rayed, with no involucre, aud involucels of oblong or lan- ceolate bractlots united at base and exceeding the yellow flowers: fruit about 6 mm. long, with 6 or 8 thin wings: oil-tubes several in the intervals,—Gravelly hills, wes- tern Texas. 11. CYNOSCIADIUM DC. Glabrous annuals, with pinnately divided cauline leaves (leaflets lin- ear), mostly undivided lower and radical leaves, involucre and involu- ccls of linear bracts, white flowers, persistent calyx-teeth, ovoid glabrous fruit, prominent corky ribs (the laterals much the largest and forming a broad corky margin), conical stylopodium, and solitary oil-tubes. 1. C. digitatum DC. Siender, 3 to 6 dm. high: radical leaves linear-lanceolate, entire; cauline leaves palmately 3 to 5-parted: umbels irregular, mostly 3 to 8-rayed ; rays about 2.5 cm. long; pedicels very unequal, 6 to 20 mm. long: fruit 2 mm. long, contracted into a neck at summit, with very prominent ribs and minute calyx-teeth.— Wet ground, northeastern Texas. 2. C. pinnatum DC. Smaller: cauline leaves pinnately divided into a few distant segments (terminal one much the largest); radical leaves similar or often entire: umbels 5 to 10-rayed; rays 1 to 2.5 cm. long; pedicels 2 to 8 mm. long: fruit 3 mm. long, not beaked at summit, with less prominent ribs and very prominent calyx-teeth. —Wet ground, central and northern Texas. Var. PUMILUM Eng. is a cespitose form. 12. BRYNGIUM L. Glabrous perennials, with mostly rigid coriaceous spinosely-toothed or divided leaves, white or blue flowers in dense bracteate heads, very prominent rigid and persistent calyx-lobes, ovoid fruit covered with hyaline scales or tubercles, ribs obsolete, no stylopodium, and oil-tubes mostly 5 (3 dorsal and 2 commissural).—The outer bracts form the invo- lucre, the inner ones, bractlets, intermixed with the flowers, represent the involucels. Care must be taken not to confuse the prominent rigid calyx-lobes with the bractlets. * Stout, with parallel-veined elongated linear coriaceous leaves, which are mostly entire or with margin sparingly bristly. 1. BE. yucczefolium Mx. From 3 to 18 dm. high, branching above: leaves broadly linear (from 4 mm. to over 25 mm. wide), tapering to a point, with remotely bristly margins, the lower sometimes becoming 6 to 9 dm. long: heads pedunculate, ovate- globose (18 mm. long), with ovate-lanceolate mostly entire cuspidate-tipped bracts shorter than the head, similar bractlets, and short ovate calyx-lobes. —A common northern species of dry or damp soil and extending into northern and eastern Texas. Exceedingly variable as to height and size of leaves. ** Tall and slender, with thick linear to oblong entire or somewhat toothed (not spiny) leaves on long fistulous petioles. 2. E. Virginianum Lam. Slender, 3 to 9 dm. high, branching above: radical and lower cauline leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate (petioles sometimes 3 dm. long), entire ur with remote small hooked teeth; upper cauline leaves sessile, spiny- toothed or laciniate: heads ovate-oblong (12 mm. lony), with lanceolate spiny- toothed or entire reflexed bracts mostly as long as the head, bractlets with 3 spiny cusps (the middle one largest), and prominent lanceolate acuminate-cuspidate calyx- lobes equaling or exceeding the bractlets.—A species of the Gulf States, margins of ponds and streame, and extending into eastern Texas, probably within our range. 144 *** Weaker, with thin toothed to laciniate leaves (sometimes bristly tipped). 3. E, virgatum Lam. Erect, 3 to 9 dm. high, branching above: leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, often subcordate, on short petioles; lower ones entire or crenately toothed; upper ones becoming sharply serrate or even laciniately toothed: bracts linear and entire or with a few bristly teeth, longer than the subglobose heads; bractlets equally 3-cuspidate, little longer than the flowers; calyx-lobes lanceolate and acuminate.—In damp pine barrens of the Gulf States, and extending into eastern Texas. Var. LuDovicIANUM Morong has linear-lanceolate or even linear leaves. 4. B. nasturtiifolium Juss. Low and rather diffusely branching: leaves sessile, from lyrately pinnatifid below to laciniately cleft or toothed above, more or less bristle-tipped: heads ovate or oblong (9 to 12 mm. long), with conspicuous rigid entire narrowly lanceolate-acuminate spinose-tipped bracts (becoming reflexed) equaling or exceeding the heads, and similar bractléts much exceeding the flowers and mostly a cluster of terminal ones conspicuously crowning the head.—A Mexican species, found by Nealley in Cameron County. **** Simple to diffuse, with coriaceous lobed or parted spinosely-tipped leaves. 5. E. Hookeri Walp. Stem erect, branching above, 3 to 6 dm. high: radical leaves petioled, somewhat dentate; lower stem leaves almost sessile, lanceolate, laciniately-toothed and spinulose, with a pair of small laciniate segments at base; uppir leaves palmately 5 to 7-parted, with narrow pinnatifid-laciniate spinose- tipped segments: heads ovate-oblong (8 to 12 mm. long), with numerous narrowly lanceolate spiny-toothed bracts longer than the head, lanceolate entire spiny-tipped bractlets (the terminal ones leafy and crowning the head), and ovate spiny-tipped calyx-lobes.—Low grounds of central and southern Texas. 6. B. Leavenworthii Torr. & Gray. Stout, 3 to 9 dm. high, branching above: lowest stem-leaves broadly oblanceolate, spinosely-toothed, gradually becoming more or less palmately-parted above to the ordinary stem-leaves, which are sessile and deeply palmately-parted into narrow incisely-pinnatifid spreading pungent seg- ments: heads pedunculate, ovate-oblong (2.5 to 3.5 cm. long), with involucre of incisely-pinnatifid spinose bracts about as long as the head, narrow 8 to 7-cuspidate bractlets (the termiual ones very prominent, resembling the bracts, and crowning the head), and oblong pinnatifid 3 to 5-cuspidate calyx-lobes.—Dry soil, chiefly in cea- tral and western Texas. 7. B. Wrightii Gray. Glaucous: stem erect, branching, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves rigid; radical ones oblanceolate, pectinate-dentate or pinnatifid with triangular teeth tipped with long bristles; stem-leaves sessile, from laciniately-toothed to pinnately cut into linear-lanceolate cuspidate divisions: heads ovate to oblong (about 12 mm. long), with involucre of numerous linear-lanceolate entire to remotely toothed spiny-tipped bracts (whitish within, green without) twice as long as the head, subulate rigid spiny-tipped bractlets longer than the flowers (the terminal ones very prominent and crowning the head), and short ovate mucronate calyx- lobes.— Hills and plains, from eastern Texas to Arizona. 8. B. diffusum Torr. Stem low and diffusely branching from the base, with thick rigid branches: leaves sessile, palmately parted, coriaceous, midrib very prominent beneath and margins cartilaginous; segments oblong, incisely serrate and spinose: heads subglobose, about 12 mm. long, on very short peduncles in the forks of the stem, with involucre of leaf-like bracts longer than the head, lanceolate entire spi- nosely-tipped bractlets, and ovate long-pointed calyx-lobes.—Sandy ground, eastern and central Texas, and extending into Mexico. **** * Low, slender, mostly prostrate, with small thin unarmed leaves, and very small heads. 9. B. prostratum Nutt. Prostrate, rooting at the joints, diffusely branched: lower leaves long-petioled, oblong, entire, few-toothed, or lobed at base; upper leaves smaller, clustered at the rooting joints, ovate, few-toothed or entire, with some additional trifid ones: heads narrowly oblong (avout 6 mm. long), with invo- 145 lucre of reflexed lanceolate bracts longer than the heads, and very small bractlets.— Extending into eastern Texas from the Gulf and lower Mississippi States, and prob- ably within our range. In wet ground. 13. SANICULA L. (SANIOLE. BLACK SNAKEROOT.) Smooth perennials, with almost naked or few-leaved stems, palmately divided leaves (in ours), greenish-yellow or purple flowers in irregularly compound few-rayed umbels, prominent and persistent calyx-teeth, and subglobose fruit densely covered with hooked prickles. 1. 8. Marylandica L. Mostly simple, 3 to 9 dm. high: root-leaves long-petioled, palmately 3 to 7-parted, the divisions mostly sharply cut and serrate, the teeth more or less mucronate-tipped; cauline leaves similar, short-petioled or sessile: umbels ir- regular, 1 to few-rayed, with a few leaf-like bracts and small bractlets: flowers green- ish-yellow, the sterile ones numerous and long-pediceled, and the styles longer than the prickles,—Common throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, without doubt to be found in Texas. 14. AMMOSELINUM Torr. & Gray. Low diffuse annuals, with ternately divided leaves (the small ulti- mate segments linear to spatulate), involucre and involucels of entire or dissected bracts, white flowers in small sessile or short-pedunculate unequal umbels, obsolete calyx-teeth, ovate hard fruit with prominent equal more or less scabrous ribs (the laterals of the two carpels closely contiguous), conical stylopodium, and solitary oil-tubes. 1. A. Popei Torr. & Gray. From 7.5 to 30 om. high, with stem-angles, rays, pe- dicels, and ribs of fruit rough scabrous: leaf-segments narrowly linear: fruit ovate- oblong, 4 to 5 mm. long, with thick corky commissure. (Apium Popei Gray).—In sandy soil throughout our range. 2. A. Butleri Coult. & Rose. Smaller and nearly glabrous: leaf-segments nar- rowly oblong or spatulate: fruit ovate, about 2 mm. long, with ribs smooth or mi- nutely scabrous, and a much less prominent corky commissure. (dpium Butleri Wat- son).—In wet ground, eastern Texas, and doubtless within our range. 15. FCUNICULUM Adans. (FENNEL.) Stout glabrous aromatic herb, with leaves dissected into pumerous filiform segments, no involucre or involucels, large umbels of yellow flowers, obsolete calyx-teeth, oblong glabrous fruit with prominent ribs, conical stylopodium, and solitary oil-tubes. 1. F, vulgare Gertn., the cultivated fennel, from Europe, seems to have become naturalized near Brazos.Santiago. 16. APIASTRUM Nutt. Very slender smooth branching (somewhat dichotomously) annuals, with finely dissected leaves having filiform or linear (sometimes a little broader) segments, small white flowers in naked unequally few-rayed umbels, obsolete calyx-teeth, ovate or cordate more or less tuberculate fruit with obscure or obsolete ribs, minute depressed stylopodium, and oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and beneath the ribs. 146 1, A. patens Coult. & Rose. From 3 to 6 dm. high, branching above: leaves 2.6 to 5 cm. long, ternately or biternately divided, with long filiform segments: umbels long-peduneled ; rays from 2.5 em. long to wanting; pedicels 1 om. long to wanting: fruit ovate, 1 mm. long. (Leptocaulis patens Nutt.)—Throughout Texas. 17. CHAIROPHYLLUM L. Moist ground annuals, with ternately decompound leaves, pinnatifid leaflets with oblong obtuse lobes, usually no involucre, involucels of many bractlets, white flowers, obsolete calyx-teeth, narrowly-oblong to linear fruit notched at base and with equal ribs, conical stylopodium, and mostly solitary oil-tubes. 1. C. procumbens Crantz. More or less hairy: stems slender, spreading, 1 to 6 dm. high: umbel sessile or peduncled, few-rayed ; rays 2.5 cm. to 5 cm. long; pedicels from 8mm. long to almost wanting: fruit narrowly oblong, 5 to 8 mm. long, glabrous, con- tracted but not tapering at summit, the intervals broader than the ribs.—An exceed- ingly polymorphous species of the Eastern States, the typical form probably not reaching Texas, but represented throughout eastern and central Texas by two varie- ties: Var. TAINTURIERI Coult. & Rose, with fruit tapering at summit or beaked, and very prominent ribs much broader than the intervals; Var. DASYCARPUM Coult. & Rose, differing from the other variety in having pubescent fruit, with ribs prominent but narrower than the intervals. 18. MUSENIOPSIS Coult. & Rose. Glabrous acaulescent perennials from thick elongated roots, with pin- nate leaves, no involucre, involucels of few small bractlets, yellow flowers, obsolete calyx-teeth, oblong glabrous fruit with equal filiform ribs (the intermediates somewhat distant from the laterals), depressed stylopodium, and 3 or 4 oil-tubes in the intervals. 1. M. Texana Coult. & Rose. Scape to 20 cm. high, longer than the leaves, some- what scabrous at base of umbels: leaves 5 to 7-pinnate; lower pinna petiolulate, pinnately parted ; segments cuneiform, 3 to 5-cleft: umbel 5 to 8-rayed: fruit 3 mm. long. (Tauschia Texana Gray.)—Western Texas, and extending into Mexico. 19. SIUM L. (WATER PARSNIP.) Smooth perennials growing in water or wet places, with pinnate leaves and serrate or pinnatifid leaflets, involucre and involucels of numerous narrow bracts, white flowers, minute calyx-teeth, ovate to oblong gla- brous fruit with prominent corky nearly equal ribs, depressed stylopo- dium, and 1 to 8 oil-tubes in the intervals. 1. S. cicutzefolium Gmelin. Stout, 6 to 18 dm. high: leaflets 3 to 8 paira, linear to lanceolate, sharply serrate and mostly acuminate, 5 to 12.5 em. long (lower leaves sometimes submersed and finely dissected): umbel many-rayed; rays 2.5 to 3.5 om. long; pedicels 2 to 6 mm. long: fruit 3 mm. long, with prominent ribs. (8. lineare Mx.)—Apparently throughout North America. 20. APIUM L. Erect or prostrate glabrous herbs, with pinnately or ternately divided leaves, umbels of white flowers opposite the leaves, obsolete calyx-teeth, 147 ovate or broader glabrous fruit with prominent obtuse nearly equal ribs, depressed stylopodium (or wanting), and solitary oil-tubes. 1, A. leptophyllum F. Muell. From 5 to 60 om. high: leaves ternately divided into filiform segments: umbels sessile or short-pedunculate: fruit 2mm. lon g. (Helos- ciadium leptophyllum DC.)—A species of the Gulf States and extending to Brazos Santiago. 21. ZIZIA Koch. Smooth perennials (3 to 9 dm. high), with ternately divided leaves and broad serrate or toothed leaflets (or lower leaves simple), no involucre, involucels of small bractlets, yellow flowers, prominent calyx-teeth, oblong or ovate glabrous fruit with equal and prominent ribs, stylopo- dium wanting, and large solitary oil-tubes. 1, Z. aurea Koch. Radical leaves very long-petioled, all but the uppermost leaves 2 to 3-ternate; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, sharply serrate: rays 8 to 25, stout, 2.5 to 5cm. long: fruit oblong, about 4mm. long. (Thaspiwm aureum, var. apterum Gray. )— A species of the Atlantic States extending into Texas. 2. Z. cordata Koch. Railical leaves mostly long-petioled, cordate or even rounder, crenately toothed, very rarely lobed or divided; stem-leaves simply ternate or quinate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, serrate, incised, or even parted: fruit ovate, 3mm. long. (Thaspium trifoliatum, var. apterum Gray.)—Same range as the last. 22. CICUTA L. (WATER-HEMLOCK.) Smooth poisonous marsh perennials, with pinnately compound leaves and serrate leaflets, few bracts or none, several slender bractlets, white flowers, rather prominent caly x-teeth, oblong to nearly orbicular glabrous fruit with strong flattish corky ribs (laterals largest), conical stylopo- dium, and solitary oil-tubes. 1, C. maculata L. (SPOTTED COWBANE. MUSQUASH ROOT. BEAVER POISON.) Stem stout, 6 to 18 dm. high, streaked with purple: leaves 2 to 3-pinnate, the lower on long petioles; leaflets lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 12.5 cm. long, acumi- nate, coarsely serrate, the veins passing to the notches: pedicels numerous and very unequal: fruit broadly ovate to oval, 2 to 3 mm. long.—Throughonut the United States. 23. CRYPTOTAINIA DC. (Honrwort.) Glabrous perennials, with thin 3-foliolate leaves, no involucre, invo- lucels of minute bractlets or nove, white flowers, calyx teeth obsolete, linear-oblong glabrous fruit with obtuse equal ribs, slender conical sty- lopodium, and solitary oil-tubes beneath each rib as well as in the intervals. 1. CG. Canadensis DC. From 8 to 9 dm. high: leaflets large, ovate,5 to 10 om. long, pointed, doubly serrate, often lobed: umbels irregular and unequally few- rayed; pedicels very unequal, from 2 to 25 mm. long: fruit 4 to 6 mm. long, often becoming curved.—A species of the Atlantic States and extending into Texas. 24, LEPTOCAULIS Natt. Very slender smooth branching annuals, with finely dissected leaves having filiform or linear segments, small white flowers in involucellate 148 very unequally few-rayed pedunculate umbels, calyx-teeth obsolete, ovate bristly or tuberculate fruit with prominent or obsolete ribs, some- what prominent conical stylopodium, and solitary oil-tubes. 1. L. echinatus Nutt. From 1 to 3 dm. high: fruit about 1 mm. long, with rather narrow commissure, echinate with spreading hooked bristles; ribs obsolete.— Throughout Texas. 2. L. divaricatus DC. From 3 to 6 dm. high, with spreading branches: umbels more diffuse than iv the last and usually with fewer rays: fruit 1 mm. long, with broader conimissure, tuberculate; ribs somewhat prominent.—A species of the Gulf States, and extending into Texas. 25. DISCOPLEURA DC. Smooth branching annuals, with finely dissected leaves (filiform or lanceolate divisions), foliaceous bracts, prominent or minute bractlets, white flowers, small or obsolete calyx-teeth, ovate glabrous fruit, with filiform to ovate and obtuse dorsal and intermediate ribs, and very thick and corky laterals (forming a dilated obtuse or acute corky band about the fruit), conical stylopodium, and solitary oil-tubes. 1. D. capillacea DC. From 3 to 18 dm. high: leaves finely dissected into fili- form divisions: umbel 5 to 20-rayed, with involucre of filiform bracts usually cleft or parted, and involucels more or less prominent; rays 6 to 25 mm. long; pedicels 3 to 6 mm. long: fruit 1 to 2 mm. long, with filiform or thick dorsal and intermediate ribs, the laterals forming a broad flat band about the fruit.—Wet ground throughout the Atlantic States and doubtless extending into Texas. Var. NUTTALLII Coult. & Rose (D. Nuttallii DC.) is usually stouter, with more numerous rays, entire involu- eral bracts and minute involucels. The variety belongs to the lower Mississippi Valley, and extends into Texas. 2, D. laciniata Watson. From 6 to 9 dm. high : leaves dissected into lancevlate divisions, or the uppermost linear-setaceous: umbel nearly equally many-rayed, with involucre and involucels of numerous 3 to 5-parted setaceous bracts; rays } to 3 cm. long; pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long: fruit about 4 mm. long, with broad and flattish dor- gal and intermediate ribs, the laterals forming a prominent acute ridge about the fruit. (Daucoema laciniatum Eng. & Gray.)—Throughout southern and western Texas. 26. AMMI L. Probably a ballast plant, possibly an introduced weed, the follow- ing species being collected by Nealley near Brazos Santiago: 1. A. majus L., with fasiform roots, pinnately divided leaves, with linear or lan- ceolate serrate segments, compound many-rayed umbels of white flowers, and small oblong fruit, with filiform ribs and solitary oil-tubes, 27. BERULA Kock. Smooth aquatic perennial, with simply pinnate leaves and variously cut leaflets, usually conspicuous involucre and involucels of narrow bracts, white flowers, minute calyx-teeth, nearly round glabrous fruit emarginate at base, the nearly globose carpels with very slender in- conspicuous ribs, conical stylopodium, and numerous almost contigu- ous oil-tubes closely surrounding the seed-cavity. 149 1. B. angustifolia Koch. Erect, 1 to 9 dm. high: leaflets 5 to 9 pairs, linear to oblong or ovate, serrate to out-toothed, often laciniately lobed, sometimes crenate, 1 to 7.5 om. long: umbel many rayed; rays 5 cm. long or less; pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long: fruit scarcely 2mm.long. (Siwm angustifolium L.)—'Throughout North America, but not abundant. 28. BOWLESIA Ruiz & Pav. Slender branching annuals, with stellate pubescence, opposite simple (lobed) leaves, scarious lacerate stipules, simple few-flowered umbels of white flowers on axillary peduncles, rather prominent calyx-teeth, broadly ovate stellate-pubescent fruit, the turgid carpels being nearly distinct and depressed on the back, no ribs or oil-tubes, and a de- pressed stylopodium, 1. B. lobata Ruiz & Pavon. Weak, 5 to 60 om. long, dichotomously branching: leaves thin, cordate to reniform, 12 to 25 mm. or more broad, 3 to 5-lobed (lobes entire or toothed), on long slender petioles: umbels 1 to 4-flowered, on short peduncles: fruit about 2 mm. long, sessile or nearly so.—A species of the Mexican border, extending from the Gulf to California. 29. HYDROCOTYLE L. (WatTER PENNYWORT.) Low herbaceous perennials, growing in or near water, with slender creeping stems, orbicular-peltate or reniform leaves, small white flowers in simple or proliferous umbels, minute or obsolete calyx-teeth, more or less orbicular very much laterally flattened fruit with broad or filiform more or less unequal ribs, depressed stylopodium, and no distinct oil- tubes. » Leaves orbioular-peltate, orenate: pedunoles as long ae the petioles, both from slender oreeping rootstocks. 1. H. umbellata L. Descending branches of the rootstock with round tubers: um- bels many-flowered, simple (sometimes proliferous) ; pedicels 4 to 12mm. long: fruit strongly uotched, 2 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, with dorsal ribs prominent but obtuse.—A species of the Atlantic States, extending through Texas into Mexico. 2. H. prolifera Kellogg. Tuberous as in the last: umbels mostly proliferous, with 5 to 20-flowered whorls; pedicels 2 to 6 mm. long: fruit but slightly notched, 2 mm. long and slightly broader, with dorsal ribs prominent and more obtuse than in the last. (H. interrupta T. & G. in part.)—Throughout southern Texas. 3. H. verticillata Thunb. Umbels few-flowered, proliferous, forming an inter- rupted spike; pedicels very short or none: fruit not at all notched, 2 mm. long, 3 to 4mm. broad, with dorsal and lateral ribs very prominent, the former acute. (H. in- terrupta Muhl.)—Throughout Texas. 4. B. Bonariensis Lam., var. TEXANA Coult. & Rose. Petioles and peduncles 15 to 20 om. long: inflorescence 5 to 10 cm. long, irregularly or 3 to 5-umbellately branched: fruit obtuse at base, 2 mm. long, 3 mm. broad.—Collected probably along the southern seacoast of Texas by Mr. Nealley. * © Leaves not peltate: pedunoles much shorter than petioles. 5. H. ranunouloides L. f. Usually floating: leaves thickish, round-reniform, 3 to 7-cleft, with crenate lobes: peduncles 2.5 to 7.5 om. long, reflexed in fruit: capi- tate unibel 5 to 10-flowered, the involuoral bracts small or wanting: fruit 2 to 3 mm. broad, with rather obscure ribs and no secondary ribs or reticulations. (H. natans Torr. & Gray.)—Extending from the Gulf States into Texas. 6. H. Asiatica L. Smooth or somewhat pubescent: petioles (7.5 to 10 om. or even 150 30 cm. long) and peduncles (5 om. or less long) clustered on creeping stems or run- ners: leaves ovate-cordate, repand-toothed, thickish: the 2 to 4-flowered umbel sub- tended by an involucre of two conspicuous bracts: fruit larger, 4 to 5 mm. broad, with prominent secondary ribs and reticulations. (H. repanda Pers.)—Extending into Texas from the Gulf States. CORNACEZ. (DoGwoop FAMILY.) Shrubs or trees (rarely herbs), with opposite or alternate simple leaves, calyx-tube coherent with the 1 or 2-celled ovary and its limb minute, petals and as many stamens borne on the margin of an epigy- nous disk in the perfect flowers, 1 or 2 styles, and fruit a 1 or 2- seeded drupe. 1. Cornus. Flowers perfect, in cymes or a head-like cluster: petals 4: style 1, stigma terminal: ovary 2-celled: leaves mostly opposite. 2. Nyssa. Flowers diwciously polygamous, 5-merous, in a cluster of fascicles or solitary: petals very small or none: style 1, stigmatic down one side: ovary 1-celled: leaves alternate. 3. Garrya. Flowers diwcious, in catkin-like spikes, 4-merous: petals none: styles 2, stigmatic down one side: ovary 1-celled : leaves opposite. 1. CORNUS Tourn. (CORNEL. DoGwoopn.) Shrubs or perennial herbs, with opposite entire leaves, small flowers in open naked cymes or in close heads surrounded by a corolla-like involucre, perfect flowers, minutely 4-toothed calyx, 4oblong spreading petals, 4 stamens with slender filaments, slender style with terminal stigma, and a small drupe with a 2-celled and 2-seeded stone. $1. Flowers greenish, in a head or close cluster, surrounded by a large and showy 4-leaved corolla-like white or rarely pinkish involucre: fruit bright red. 1. C. florida L. (FLOWERING DoGWooD.) In our range a tree 9 to 12 m. high: leaves ovate or elliptical (rarely somewhat obovate), acuminate, mostly acute at base, minutely appressed-pubescent above, whitish beneath and with sparse mostly ap- _ pressed pubescence, 6 to 14 cm. long, 3.5 to 9 cm. wide: involucral bracts obcurdate or with callous notch at apex: fruit ovoid, crowned with a narrow persistent calyx: stone ovoid, smooth, 6 to 8 mm. high, 4 to 5 mm. broad.—A common species of the Atlantic States, and extending in Texas to the valley of the Brazos. § 2. Flowers white, in open flat spreading cymes: involucre none: fruit spherical, white, lead-color, or blue. 2. C. sericea L. (SILKY CORNEL. KINNIKINNIK.) Shrub 10 to 35 dm. high, with branches mostly purplish: branchlets and inflorescence silky-downy: leaves very variable, from lanceolate and narrowly ovate to broadly ovate and elliptical, mostly long-acuminate, rounded or acute at base, nearly glabrous above, whitish and silky (often rusty) pubescent beneath (rarely glabrate), 2.5 to 12.5 cm. long: flowers in broad rather compact cymes: calyx-teeth conspicuous: style abruptly and conspicu- ously swollen at tip: fruit pale blue: stone oblique and irregular, more or less pointed at base, irregularly sharp-ridged, mostly broader than high (5 to 6 mm. high, 4 to 7 mm. broad).—Wet ground, common in the Atlantic States and extending into eastern and northern Texas. 3. C. asperifolia Michx. Erect shrub 10 to 45 dm. high, with reddish-brown mostly pubescent branches: branchlets and inflorescence rough-pubescent: leaves from narrowly ovate to round-ovate and oblong, from short to conspicuously acumi- nate, acute or obtuse at base, rough pubescent above, whitish and roughish woolly 151 beneath, 3.5 to 12.5 om. long: flowers in loose, mostly broad, often paniculate cymes: calyx-teeth small: fruit white on red stalks: stone globular or nearly so, mostly not at all ridged, but little broader than high, about 4 mm. in diameter.—Var. DruMMoN- pit Coult. & Evans has harsher and usually more crowded leaves and a smaller stone. (C. Drummondiit C. A. Meyer.)—An eastern species, extending to central Texas, where the variety is the common form. 4. C. candidissima Marsh. Erect shrub 25 to 45 dm. high, with smooth mostly grayish branches: leaves lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, acutish at base, minutely appressed pubescent or glabrous on either or both sides, the lower surface from whit- ish to scarcely paler than the upper, 3.5 to 10 cm. long: flowers in numerous loose panioulate cymes: calyx-tecth from small to prominent: anthers more or less blue along the connective: fruit white to pale blue: stone small, nearly globular, not fur- rowed or very slightly so, 3to5 mm. in diameter. (C. stricta Lam. C. paniculata L’Her.)—An Atlantic species extending into Texas. 2. NYSSA L. (TurELO. PEPPERIDGE. SOUR-GUM TREE.) Trees with entire or angulate-toothed leaves which are alternate but mostly crowded at the ends of the branchlets, greenish diociously polygamous flowers clustered or rarely solitary at the summit of ax- illary peduncles and appearing with the leaves, and an ovoid or oblong drupe with a bony and grooved or even winged 1-celled 1-seeded stone. The staminate flowers are numerous in a simple or compound dense cluster of fascicles, with a small 5 parted calyx, petals as in the pistil- late flowers or none, 5 to 12 (mostly 10) stamens inserted on the outside of a convex disk with slender filaments and short anthers, and no pistil. The pistillate flowers are solitary or 2 to 8, sessile in a bracted cluster and much larger than the staminate flowers, with a very short repand-truneate or minutely 5-toothed limb, very small and fleshy deciduous petals (or none), 5 to 10 stamens with perfect or imperfect anthers, and an elongated revolute style stigmatic down one side. 1. N. aquatica L, A tree becoming 15 to 36 m. high: leaves from linesr-oblong or lanceolate to oval or obovate, acute or acuminate, entire, smooth and shining above (when old), more or Jess hairy along the veins beneath, or almost woolly when young, 5 to 17.5 0m. long: Staminate flowers numerous in loose or somewhat dense clus- ters; pistillate flowers 2 to 14 at the apex of ® more or less elongated peduncle, mostly developing 1 to 3 fruits: fruit ovoid, acid, bluish-black, 8 to 13 mm. long: stone ovoid, smooth or scarcely ridged. (N. sylvatica Marsh. N. multiflora Wang.)— An eastern species extending into Texas to the valley of the Brazos. Q. N. uniflora Wang. A large tree 18 to 30 mm. high: leaves long-petioled, ovate or oblong, mostly obtuse or even cordate at base, acute or acuminate, entire or angu- late-toothed, becoming smooth above, pale and downy pubescent beneath (especially when young), 7.5 to 25 om. long: staminate flowers numerous, in rather dense clus- ters; pistillate flowers solitary on slender elongated peduncles: fruit olive-shaped, becoming dark blue, 16 to30 mm. long: stone narrowly obovate, flattened, and with prominent acute almost winged ridges.—Extending from the Gulf States to the valley of the Neches, and possibly within our range. 3. GARRYA Dongl. Evergreen shrubs, with 4-an gled branchlets, opposite entire coriaceous leaves with the short petioles connate at base, diccious flowers in ax- illary aments, no petals, and a blue or purple fruit.—The staminate 152 flowers have a 4-parted calyx with linear segments, 4 stamens with dis- tinct filaments, and no ovary. The pistillate flowers have the calyx- limb shortly 2-lobed or obsolete, no stamens, 2 persistent styles stigmatic on the inner side, and a 1-celled ovary with 2 pendent ovules.—Our species all have the fertile aments with more or less distant flowers and more or less foliaceous bracts. 1. G. ovata Benth. A shrub 5 to 20 dm. high, with branchlets and inflorescence more or less silky-pubescent: leaves narrowly lanceolate to ovate, mostly acute and mucronate (sometimes obtuse), clothed on both surfaces with a silky pubescence (or glabrate above), 2.5 to6 cm. long, with thickened muriculate margins: sterile aments with small connate bracts; fertile aments 2.5 to 7.5em. long, with usually foliaceous and distinct bracts: fruit globose to ovoid, becoming glabrous, sessile or short-pedi- cellate, 4 to 8 mm. in diameter.—A Mexican species, represented in the Guadalupe Mountains of Western Texas (Havard) by forms with narrow leaves and small ovoid fruits. Var. LINDHEIMERI Coult, & Evans has branchlets and both leaf-surfaces more or less clothed with kinky wool (or upper leaf-surface glabrate with age), and oblong or obovate mostly obtuse and mucronate leaves with margins not thickened or muric- ulate. (G. Lindheimeri Torr.) Throughout central and western Texas. 2. G. Wrightii Torr. Shrub 5 to 10 dm. high, becoming glabrate: leaves light green (drying bluish), oblong-lanceolate to elliptical or obovate, acute at each end, mostly mucronate, with thickish slightly muriculate margins, glabrous (or nearly so) on both sides, 1.8 to5 ecm. long: aments more or less branching and distant- flowered; sterile ones with smaller but distinct bracts; fertile ones 3.5 to 8.5 cm. long, the upper bracts rather small, becoming more foliaceous and distinct down- wards, until the lowest resemble the ordinary leaves (giving the appearance of sessile axillary flowers): fruit globose, becoming glabrous, sessile, 4to 7 mm. in diameter.— Counties of extreme western Texas, MANUAL OF THE PLANTS OF WESTERN TEXAS, ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE ORDERS. Division II. GamorEraLa: those with both calyx and corolla, the latter with its petals more or less united. A. Stamens more numerous than the lobes of the corolla. Ovary 1-Gelled 0 ccsnsesesitesnes vedic a vessy Seance end cicddelcecaeece STYRACE, 258 Ovary 3 to many- celled. Stamens free or nearly free from corolla.....-....-ceeee eee eee ERICACEE, 253 Stamens inserted on base or tube of corolla. Filaments 1 to 5-adelphous at base; anthers 2-celled..-..... STYRACER, 258 Filaments wholly distinct. .........2. 0.2... 00ccce cee eee ceee EBENACEA, 257 Filaments in pairs at each sinus; anthers 1-celled...... CAPRIFOLIACEZ, 155 B. Stamens (fertile ones) as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them. Ovary 5-celled; corolla appendaged with scales inside........---.. SAPOTACE, 256 Ovary 1-celled; pod several to many-seeded; style 1............. PRIMULACE®, 255 Ovary 1-celled; utricle 1-seeded; styles 5 ..............-.2.02-- PLUMBAGINE, 254 C. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them or fewer. 1. Ovary adherent to the calyz-tube (inferior). Stamens united by anthers into a ring or tube. Flowers in an involucrate head............-020 22 eee ee eee eee CompositT#, 164 Flowers separate, not involucrate; corolla irregular.......... LOBELIACE, 250 Stamens separate, free from corolla or nearly so, as many as its / lobes; stipules none........ 2.22... eens eee ee eee eee CAMPANULACER, 252 Stamens separate, inserted on corolla, 1 to 3, always fewer than corolla-lobes..........-.--.--2---++ VALERIANEA, 163 4 or 5; leaves opposite or whorled. Leaves whorled and without stipules Leaves opposite or whorled, and with danas RIS eS Rupiacna, 157 Leaves opposite, without stipules (petioles sometimes with stipule-like appendages).......-.....--...-- CAPRIFOLIACEE, 155 2. Ovary free from the calyx (superior). * Corolla irregular; stamens (with anthers) 4 and didynamous, or only 2. Ovules and seeds solitary in the (1 to 4) cells. Ovary 4-lobed, the style rising from between the lobes..........- LaBIATA, 330 Ovary not lobed, the style from its apex.......-...........-. VERBENACE, 326 Ovules numerous or at least as many as 2 in each cell. Ovary and pod 1-celled, With free central placenta; stamens 2..............-- LENTIBULARIR&, 317 With 2 or more parietal very many-seeded placentw; sta- MONS 4 is Fats ieisichaiciesaietsioreisietaiale. weidieudn Edied cents OROBANCHACE 316 Ovary and fruit more or less 4 or 5-celled.-.-..-.--..-.-..---- PEDALINES, 319 Ovary and pod 2-celled, but the 2 placentx parietal. ........ BIGNONIACER, 318 Ovary and pod 2-celled; placenta in the axis. Seeds rarely few, not on hooks.......-.------- seine ScROPHULARINER, 304 Seeds few, borne on hook-like or other projections. ...... ACANTHACER, 319 [June 1, 1892] 9816—02-———11 sd 154 ** Corolla somewhat irregular ; stamens (with anthers) 5. Stamens free from corolla; anther-cells opening by hole or chink AU LOP sececine cite cece neeaioe Steed ase SRE Rhododendron, in ERICACER, 253 Stamens inserted on corolla; pod many-seeded; filaments or some of them woolly...........---.---.-------- Verbascum, in SCROPHULARINEA, 306 ** * Corolla regular. + Stamens as many as lobes of corolla, Ovaries 2, separate; their Styles and stigmas also wholly separate....Dichondra, in CONVOLVULACE2, 289 Stigmas and sometimes styles united into one. Filaments distinct; pollen in ordinary grains...-....-..--- APOCYNACE, 261 Filaments monadelphous; pollenin masses..-._..------- ASCLEPIADER, 263 Ovary 1, but deeply 4-lobed around style (or 2-lobed in Heliotropium). Leaves alternate .......-----.-- 2-22 eee eee eee eee eee eee BORAGINES, 282 Leaves Opposite... 2... 2-2 e ee nce ene e cece ence en ee nenceeene LaBIaAT#&, 330 Ovary 1, pod 2-lobed or 2-horned at summit......-.....---...---- LOGANIACE, 270 Ovary 1, not deeply lobed, 1-celled, 1-ovuied, becoming an achene.........--..--.------ PLANTAGINES, 344 1-celled, with ovules parietal or on 2 parietal placenta. Leaves Cntire 2s. 2 cdsiveceise gee seesissae cae ee igs ieee sesso GENTIANEZ, 273 Leaves toothed, lobed, or pinnately compound...-.. HIYDROPHYLLACES, 278 2 to 10-celled. Leafless parasitic twining plants-........ Cuscuta, in CONVOLVULACES, 294 Leaves opposite, their bases or petioles cunnected by stipules or a stipular line........--...---------...--. LOGANIACER, 270 Leaves when opposite without stipules. Stamens free from corolla or nearly so..-.-.. wusdsnieae ERICACER, 253 Stamens inserted on corolla-tube, 4; pod 2-celled, circumscissile........--......-- PLANTAGINEE, 344 4; ovary 2 to 4-celled; ovules solitary........... VERBENACE, 326 5 or rarely more. Fruit of 2 or 4 seed-like nutlets............... BORAGINEA, 282 Fruit a few-seeded pod. ' Calyx 5-cleft; style 3-lobed or cleft....PoLEMONIACEA, 276 Sepals 5; styles lor 2, entire or 2-cleft. CONVOLVULACEZ, 288 Fruit a many-seeded pod or berry. Styles 2...... essere Hydrolea, in HYDROPHYLLACER, 282 Style single -..... 22222... 02 ee eee eee SOLANACES, 296 ++ Stamens fewer than lobes of corolla. Stamens 4, didynamous. Ovary 2-celled; cells several-seeded.-.-......2.....222 2-0-2. ACANTHACES, 319 Ovary 2 to 4-celled; cells 1-seeded..---.......2.2222. cee eee VERBENACES, 326 Stamens only 2 with anthers; ovary 4-lobed.................... Some LaBiaT#, 330 Stamens 2, rarely 3; ovary 2-celled. Low herbs; corolla scarious, withering on pod.............. PLANTAGINE, 344 Herbs; corolla rotate or somewhat funnelform, and slightly TOP UAL oc isisscatesese ais ios ene sepia eas Veronica, in SCROPHULARINES, 812 Shrubs or trees; corolla perfectly regular....................... OLEACEs, 258 POLYPETALOUS FORMS IN GAMOPETALOUS ORDERS: The following orders contain forms which have their petals separate: 155 A. Stamens at least more than 10. Calyx more or less coherent with the 2 to 5-celled ovary; leaves PILEIN ALG), so ceinacis cauiets viele uiialhmuratealsvamaise cp tind - awicuinaawene STYRALeA, 258 B. Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals, when of just the number alternate. Ovaries 2 or more, separate; stamens united with each other and with a large and thick stigma common to the 2 ovaries.......ASCLEPIADEE, 263 Ovary only 1 and compound. Stamens distinct and fewer than the 4 petals ..............-.---- OLEACE, 258 Stamens just as many or twice as many as the petals............ ERIcacEz, 253 APETALOUS FORMS IN GAMOPETALOUS ORDERS. Shrubs or trees; fruit a 1-celled and 1-seeded samara or a drupe...... OLEACEs, 258 CAPRIFOLIACER. (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY.) Shrubs, or rarely herbs, with opposite leaves, no (genuine) stipules, calyx-tube coherent with the 2 to 5-celled ovary, stamens as many as lobes of tubular or rotate corolla and inserted on its tube, and fruit a1 to several-seeded berry, drupe, or pod.—Ours are all shrubs. *Corolla rotate or urn-shaped, regular, deeply 5-lobed: stigmas 3 to 5, sessile or nearly so: flowers terminal and in broad compound cymes. 1. Sambucus. Fruit berry-like, containing 3 small seed-like nutlets: leaves pin- nate. 2. Viburnum. Fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded drupe with a compressed stone: leaves simple. ** Corolla tubular, often irregular, sometimes 2-lipped: style slender and stigma capitate, 3. Symphoricarpos. Stamens 4 or 5, as many as the lobes of the bell-shaped reg- ular corolla: berry 4-celled but only 2-seeded, 2 cells being sterile. 4, Lonicera. Stamens 5, as many as the lobes of the tubular and more or less irreg- ular corolla: berry several-seeded, all the 2 or 3 cells fertile. 1. SAMBUCUS Tourn. (ELprr.) Shrubby plants, with pinnate leaves, serrate-pointed leaflets, numer- ous small and white flowers in compound cymes, minute or obsolete calyx-lobes, open urn-shaped corolla with broadly spreading 5-cleft limb, 5 stamens, 3 stigmas, and fruit a berry-like juicy drupe containing 3 small seed-like nutlets. 1. §. Canadensis L. Suffrutescent, 15 to 30 dm. high, glabrous except some fine pubescence on midrib and veins of loaves beneath: leaflets (5 to 11) mostly 7, ovate- oval to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, the lower not rarely bifid or with a lateral lobe: fruit dark-purple, becoming black.—Moist grounds throughout Texas. 2. §. Mexicana Presl. Arborescent, with trunks sometimes 15 cm. in diameter: leaves and young shoots pubescent (sometimes slightly so, sometimes cinereous or e-canescent): leatlets 5 to 9, thickish, ovate to narrowly oblong, the lower tomentulos ; i“ arted.—From the valley of the Nueces, westward across the continent ones rarely 3-p along the Mexican border. 156 2. VIBURNUM L. (ARrRow-wooD.) Shrubs with simple leaves, white flowers in flat compound corymbs, 5-toothed calyx, spreading deeply 5-lobed corolla, 5 stamens, 1 to 3 ‘stigmas, and fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded drupe with soft pulp and a thin- crustaceous stone.—Our species are not radiant, and have blue or black- ish drupes. 1. V. molle Michx. A tall shrub: leaves broadly oval, obovate or ovate, rather slender-petioled, scarcely pointed, prominently pinnately veined, coarsely crenate or repand-toothed, the lower surface, branchlets, and cymes soft-downy, the latter with stellate pubescence: fruit ovoid, 6 to 8 mm. long; stone deeply sulcate ven- trally.—Atlantic species, extending into Texas and probably within our limits. 2. V. prunifolium L. (BLack HAW.) A tall shrub or small tree (6 to 9 m. high), glabrous: leaves oval, obtuse or slightly pointed, finely and sharply serrate, bright green, the veins not prominent, 2.5 to 5 em. long: cymes compound, 8 to 5-rayed and sessile: fruit oval, 10 to 12 mm. long; stone very flat and even, broadly oval or or- bicular.—An Atlantic species, extending westward into Texas as far as the valley of the Guadalupe and probably the San Antonio. 3. SYMPHORICARPOS Dill. (SNowBERnry.) Low and branching upright shrubs, with small short-petioled leaves which are downy underneath and entire (or wavy toothed or lobed on young shoots), white or rosy-tinged flowers in close short spikes or clusters, short persistent calyx-teeth, bell-shaped regularly 4 or 5-lobed corolla with as many short stamens inserted on its throat, a 4-celled ovary but only 2 of the cells with a fertile ovule, and a 4-celled but 2-seeded berry. *Short-flowered, the corolla urn-shaped or open-campanulate, 4mm. long: style bearded: Sruit red. 1. S. vulgaris Michx. (CoraL-BeRRy. INDIAN CURRANT.) Soft-pubescent or glabrate: leaves oval, seldom over 2.5 cm. long, exceeding the (1 to 4) glomerate or at length spiciform dense flower-clusters in their axils: corolla sparingly bearded inside: fruit very small, dark red.—An Atlantic species, extending into Texas. Var. SPICATUS Gray is a form with fructiferous spikes more elongated, sometimes equaling the leaves.—Near New Braunfels (Lindheimer). ** Longer-flowered, the corolla oblong-campanulate to salverform: fruit white: flowers mostly axillary. 2. S. rotundifolius Gray. Tomentnlose to glabrate: leaves from orbicular to oblong-elliptical, thickish, 12 to 18 mm. long: corolla elongated-campanulate, 6 to 8mm. long; its tube pubescent within below the stamens and twice or thrice the length of the broad and short slightly spreading lobes: style glabrous.—Mountains west of the Pecos. 3. S. longiflorus Gray. Glabrous or rarely minutely pubescent, glaucescent: leaves spatulate-oblong varying to oval, thickish, 6 to 12 mm. long: corolla white, salverform, slender; its tube 8 to 12 mm. and oblong widely-spreading lobes 3 mm. long, very glabrous within: style bearded.—Mountains west of the Pecos. 4. LONICERA L. (HONEYSUCKLE. WoopBINz.) Hither upright or twining shrubs, with entire leaves, often showy and fragrant flowers, very short calyx-teeth, tubular or funnel-form corolla 157 often gibbous at base and irregularly or almost regularly 5-lobed, 5 stamens, 2 or 3-celled ovary, and a several-seeded berry. 1. L. sempervirens L. (TRuMPrr HONEYSUCKLE.) Twining glabrous shrubs: leaves oblong, smooth, the lower petioled, the uppermost pairs connate: flowers in sessile somewhat distant whorls in the axils of the upper leaves forming interrupted terminal spikes, trumpet-shaped, almost regular, nearly 5cm. long, deep red outside, yellowish within or rarely throughout: stamens and style little exserted: calyx- teeth persistent on the red or orange berry.—Au Atlantic species, reported in Texas as far west as Gillespie County. Very commonly cultivated. 2. L. albiflora Torr. & Gray. Wholly glabrous or with minute soft pubescence, bushy, also disposed to twine, 12 to 24 dm. high: leaves oval, 2.5 cm. long or more, glaucescent on both sides, usually only the upper pair connate into a disk and subtending the simple sessile glomerule: corolla white or yellowish-white, glabrous: the tube 6 to 10 mm. long, hardly at all gibbous: style and filaments nearly naked (Incl. ZL. dumosa Gray).—Abundant throughout western Texas, and especially so in the mountains west of the Pecos, RUBIACEH. (MADDER FAMILY.) Shrubs or herbs, with opposite entire leaves connected by interposed stipules or in whorls without apparent stipules, calyx coherent with the 2 to 4-celled ovary, and the stamens as many as the lobes (4o0r5) of the regular corolla and inserted on its tube. I. Ovules numerous in each cell. * Seeds numerous, flat, winged all round: Icaves often in whorls: low and shrubby. 1. Bouvardia. Corolla tubular or salverform, with 4 or 5 short lobes: fruit a didymous-globose pod, with peltate seeds imbricated on the globular placenta. * * Seeds several or numerous, wingless: leaves opposite: low herbs. 2. Houstonia. Corolla salverform or funnelform, 4-lobed: seeds rather few, thimble-shaped or saucer-shaped. 8. Oldenlandia. Corolla rotate (in ours), 4-lobed: seeds very numerous and minute, angular. II. Ovules solitary in the cells: leaves mostly opposite. * Flowers in a close and globose long-peduncled head: fruit dry: shrubs. 4. Cephalanthus. Corolla tubular, with 4 lobes: fruit inversely pyramidal, 2 to 4-secded. * * Flowers twin, their ovarics united into one: fruit a 2-eyed berry. 5. Mitchella. Corolla funnelform, with four lobes: a creeping herb. * * * Plowers axillary, separate: fruit.dry when ripe: herbs. + Fruit separating when ripe into 2 to 4 carpels, tho calyx-limb gamophyllous at base and circumscissile-deciduous as a whole at or before dehiscence, 6. Richardia. Flowers (4 to 8-) commonly 5 or 6-merous; corolla funnelform: carpels separating from apex to base, with no persistent axis. 7. Crusea. Flowers (3 to 5-) commonly 4- merous: corolla salverform to narrow funnelform: fruit 2 to 4-lobed, the carpels separating from a persistent axis. + + Fruit separating into 2 (rarely 3) carpels which bear persistent and quite or nearly distinct calyx-teeth. 8. Spermacoce. Corolla funnelform or salverform, with 4 lobes: fruit separat- ing when ripe into 2 carpels, one or both of them opening. 9, Diodia. Fruit separating into 2 or 3 closod and indehiscent carpels: otherwise as no. & 158 III. Ovules solitary: leaves in whorls, without stipules. 10. Galium. Corolla rotate, 4- (rarely 3-) parted: calyx-teeth obsolete: fruit twin, separating into 2 indehiscent 1-seeded carpels. 1. BOUVARDIA Salisb. Low shrubs or perennial herbs, with mostly whorled leaves, subulate interposed stipules, handsome tubular flowers in terminal cymes, calyx with a turbinate or campanulate tube and 4 subulate persistent lobes, tubular or salverform corolla with 4 or 5 short lobes, 4 or 5 stamens inserted on or near the throat of the corolla, filiform style, 2 stigmas, 2-celled ovary, and a didymous-globose coriaceous pod, with peltate seeds imbricated on the globular placentz. 1. B. triphylla Salisb. Suffruticose or more shrubby, scabro-puberulent, 6 to 15 dm. high: leaves in 3s or 4s (or in pairs on branchlets), from oblong-ovate to broadly lanceolate, usually hispidulous-scabrous, 3 or 4-veined each side of the mid- rib: corolla scarlet, about 2.5 cm. long, pubescent outside.—A species of southern Arizona, represented in Texas by var. ANGUSTIFOLIA Gray, which is cinereous-puber- ulent or hirtellous, with smaller leaves (16 to 36 mm. long), which are subsessile, less veiny, from oblong-lanceolate to almost linear. (B. hirtella Gray, Pl. Wright.)— In the mountains west of the Pecos. 2. HOUSTONIA L. Low herbs (a few suffruticulose), with short entire stipules connect- ing the petioles or narrowed bases of the leaves, cymose or solitary and peduncled dimorphous flowers, 4-lobed persistent calyx, salverform or funuelform 4-lobed corolla, 4 stamens, single style and 2 stigmas, 2- celled ovary, and a top-shaped, globular, or didymous thin pod with rather few peltate and saucer-shaped or thimble-shaped pitted seeds. $1. Low herds, with leaves not rigid. * Small and delicate: corolla salverform: anthers or stigmas included or only partially emerging: peduncles single, elongated and erect in fruit: seeds globular, with a very deep round cavity occupying the inner face. 1. H. patens Ell. From 2.5 to at length 15 cm. or so high, with ascending branches and erect peduncles: leaves spatulate to ovate: corolla small, violet-blue or purplish, the tube more or less longer than the lobes and twice the length of the calyx-lobes.—Dry or sandy soil, in the low grounds of castern Texas, and probably within our limit at the south. Var. pusiLia Gray is 2.5 cm. or so high, more diffuse in age, with leaves narrowly spatulate, the upper ones nearly linear.—Texas (Drum- mond), possibly east of our range. 2. H. minima Beck. More diffuse, commonly scabrous: stems at length much branched and spreading (2.5 to 10 cm. high): lowest leaves ovate or spatulate, the upper oblong or nearly linear: earlier peduncles elongated and spreading in fruit, the later ones short: tube of the purplish corolla not longer than its, lobes or the ample calyx lobes (3 mm. long).—Dry hills, throughout eastern Texas, and as far west as Gillespie County. * * Slender leafy-stemmed annual, with lateral horizontal peduncles and very small flowers: corolla short-salverform: seeds crateriform, with a medial ridge. 3. H. subviscosa Gray. Minutely viscidulons-pubescent, with rather simple spreading branches: leaves narrowly linear, 121mm. long: peduncle in firat fork and 159 from all following nodes, rather shorter than leaves, horizontally refracted in fruit: corolla about 2 mm. long, white: pod didymous, only the summit free.—On the Colo- rado and southward. “ * * Depressed or low-tufted species: corolla salverform or funnelform: filaments as well as anthers or style summit exserted (reciprocally) quite out of the throat: Sructiferous peduncles all short and recurved : pods about % free: seeds cr ateriform. 4. H. humifusa Gray. Annual, much branched from the root, repeatedly dichoto- mous, forming w depressed tuft, puberulent and viscid: leaves linear-lanceolate, thickish (12mm. or more long), mucronate, with setulose-ciliate scarious stipules: flowers in all the forks, crowded with the leaves at the ends of branchlets: calyx 4-parted into long setaceous-subulate spreading lobes: corolla pale-purple or nearly white, open-funnelform, 6 mm. long, hardly twice the length of the calyx.—Sandy or gravelly plains and hills throughout Texas, but especially on the “Staked Plains” and in western Texas generally. 5. H. Croftize Britton & Rusby. Annual, depressed-spreading, with stems about 2.5 cm. long, simple or dichotomously branching, minutely scabrous: leaves oblanceo- late (5 to 10mm. long), tapering into a very short petiole, revolute, obtuse: flowers white, minute (about 3 mm. long) sessile in the axils: fruit short-stalked, about 2mm. high, clothed with short hairs.—Near San Diego (Miss Croft). 6. H, Wrightii Gray. Many-stemmed from a deep lignescent root, erect or spread- ing, glabrous or very obscurely pruinose: leaves thickish, linear or lowest rather lanceolate (1 to 2.5 cm. long), with naked stipules: flowers in terminal glomerate leafy cymes: corolla purplish or nearly white, between salverform and funnelform, 4 to hardly 8mm. long.—Hills and mountains throughout our range, especially west of the Pecos. ** #* * rect perennials, with stem-leaves sessile, and flowers in small terminal cymes or clusters: corolla funnelform, purplish, often hairy inside: stamens and style as in the previous subdivision: fructiferons peduncles erect: seeds meniscoidal, with a ridgeacross the hollowed inner face. 7. H. purpurea L. Pubescent or smooth, 2 to4dm. high: leaves varying from roundish-ovate to lanceolate, 3 to 5-ribbed: calyx-lobes longer than the half-free globular pod.—A wonderfully variable species of the Atlantic States, extending to Texas, and doubtless represented within our limit by some of its numerous forms. 8. H. angustifolia Michx. Stems tufted from a hard or woody root: leaves narrowly linear, acute, 1-ribbed, many of them fascicled: flowers crowded, short-pedicelled: lobes of the corolla densely bearded inside: pod obovoid, acute at base, only its summit free.—Throughout Texas. Var. FILIoLta Gray is diffuse, with cauline leaves mostly filiform, and flowers and pods smaller and more pedunculate.—Especially in the eastern half of Texas. Var. RIGIDIUSCULA Gray is stouter, with leaves from linear to lanceolate and mostly rigid, and flowers disposed to be glomerate and ses- sile.—Southern and western Texas. § 2. Fruticose or fruticulose, with setaceous or acerose-lincar rigid and Sascicled leaves. 9. H. fasciculata Gray. From 7.5 to 30 cm. or more high, decidedly shrubby, with rigid and tortuous spreading branches, glabrous or hirtello-puberulent: leaves subulate-linear, 4 to 8 mm. long, much fascicled: flowers short-pedicelled: corolla 4 to 6 mm. long, between salverform, and funnelform, the tube sometimes hardly or sometimes twice longer than the lobes: pod barely 2 mm. long, about one-third free: seeds 4 or 5 in each cell, elongated-oblong, barely concave on ventral face.—West of the Pecos. 10. H. acerosa Gray. From 7.5 to 15 em. high, fruticulose, tufted, with slender ascending branches: minutely hispidulous-pubescent or glabrate, very leafy through- out: leaves acicular-setaceous, 6 to 10 mm. long: calyx-lobes similarly setaceous: flowers sessile: corolla salverform with slightly dilated throat, its slender tube 6 to 8 mm. long, much exceeding the ovate lobes: pod over 2 mm. long, globular, about 160 one-fourth free, much overtopped by the acicular calyx-lobes: seeds 12 to 20 in each cell, roundish, with small ventral excavation.—High plains and hills west of the Pecos. 3. OLDENLANDIA Plum. Low herbs, with small stipules united to the petioles, 4-lobed per- sistent calyx, rotate 4-parted corolla, 4 stamens, style 1 or none, 2 stig- mas, and a thin 2-celled pod, with very numerous minute and angular seeds. 1. O. Boscii Chapman. Diffusely spreading, slender and glabrous: leaves linear with an attenuate base, 2.5 cm. or less long, obscurely 1-nerved: flowers few or sol- itary and nearly sessile at the axils: calyx-teeth broadly subulate, rather shorter than the pod.—A species of the Gulf States in low or wet ground, and extending into Texas. 2. O. glomerata Michx. Erect or soon diffuse, freely branching, somewhat hir- sutulous-pubescent: leaves from ovate to oblong, thinnish, 12 mm. long, contracted at base as ifpetioled: flowers in terminal or lateral sessile glomerules (rarely soli- tary): calyx-lobes ovate or oblong, foliaceous, longer than the subglobose or hem- ispherical hirsute pod.—Low grounds, near the coast, throughout the Atlantic and Gulf States, and extending along the Texan coast. 4. CEPHALANTHUS L. (Burron-Busil.) Shrubs, with the white flowers densely aggregated in spherical pe- duncled heads, inversely pyramidal calyx-tube with 4-toothed limb, tubular 4-toothed corolla, thread-form much protruded style, capitate stigma, and dry hard small inversely pyramidal 2 to 4-celled fruit. 1. C. occidentalis L. Smooth or pubescent: leaves petioled, ovate or lanceo- late-oblong, pointed, opposite or in whorls of 3, with short intervening stipules.— Swamps and along streams, throughout Texas. 5. MITCHELLA L. (PARTRIDGE-BERRY.) A smooth and trailing small evergreen herb, with round-ovate and shining petioled leaves, minute stipules, white fragrant flowers (often tinged with purple) in pairs with their ovaries united, 4-toothed calyx, funnelform 4-lobed corolla (the lobes spreading and densely bearded in- side), 4 stamens, 1 style with 4 linear stigmas, and a scarlet berry-like fruit crowned with the calyx-teeth of the two flowers, with 4 small seed- like bony nutlets to each flower. 1, M. repens L. Leaves often variegated with whitish lines.—Dry woods, creep- ing about the foot of trees, throughout the Atlantic States and extending into Texas. 6. RICHARDIA Houst., L. Hispid or hirsute perennials or annuals, with broadigh subsessile leaves, setiferous stipules, leafy-bracted terminal glomerules of whitish 4 to 8-merous flowers, ovate-lanceolate or narrower-calyx-lobes, funnel- form corolla, 2 to 4 linear or spatulate stigmas, and the 2 to 4 coria- ceous roughish carpels separating from apex to base, closed or nearly so and with no persistent axis. 161 1. R. scabra L. Loosely branching and spreading: leaves ovate to lanceolate. oblong, 2.5 to 5cm. long, roughish: stipules with rather few setiform appendages: glomerules of flowers and fruit depressed: corolla 4 to 6 mm. long.—Low or sandy ground, extensively naturalized in the low country of all the Gulf States. Often called “Mexican clover,” and relished by cattle. 7. CRUSEA Cham. Perennials or annuals with the habit of Diodia, 3 to 5-merous flowers, calyx-lobes subulate to triangular-lanceolate (sometimes very unequal), salverform to narrow funnelform corolla, 2 to 4 linear to spatulate-oval stigmas, and a 2 to 4-lobed fruit separating from a persistent axis into obovoid or globular chartaceous carpels, which either open at the com- missure or sometimes remain closed. 1. C. allococeca Gray. Hirsute or hispidulous to almost glabrous, diffusely branched from a perennial root, low and much spreading or depressed, flowering from summit and uppermost axils: leaves from linear to oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 24 mm, long: corolla funnelform, 3 or 4-lobed: calyx-lobes 3 to 5, lanceolate, longer than the ovary and fruit: fruit obovate-globose, more or less hispidulous or glabrous. (Diodia tricocca T. & G. D. tetracocea Hemsl.)—Prairies of Texas. 8. SPERMACOCE Dill. (BuTron-wzED.) Small herbs or suffrutescent, with bases of the leaves or petioles con- nected by a bristle-bearing stipular membrane, small whitish flowers crowded into sessile axillary whorled clusters or heads, short calyx-tube with limb parted into 4 teeth, funnelform or salverform corolla, 4 sta- mens, 2-cleft style or stigma, and a small dry 2-celled 2-seeded fruit splitting when ripe into 2 carpels. 1. S. glabra Michx. Spreading or decumbent, smooth and glabrous: leaves oblong- lanceolate and oblong, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, not prominently veined: corolla more cam- panulate than funnelform, very villous in the throat, little surpassing the large calyx-teeth: fruit somewhat turbinate, crowned by the 4 conspicuous at length tri- angular-lanceolate spreading calyx-teeth: but one of the carpels ventrally dehiscent. —River banks and low ground throughout the Atlantic States, and extending into Texas to Brazos Santiago. 2. S. podocephala Gray. Suffrutescent tufted perennial, glabrous or sometimes obscurely puberulent: stipular bristles few; leaves numerous, about the length of the internodes and axillarytfascicled, narrowly linear (2.5 em. or Jess long), sel- dom over 2 mm. wide, veinless, not rarely with revolute margins, 2 to 6 uppermost raised on a long peduncle-like internode and involucrating the solitary globose glom- erule: corolla short funnelform: fruit obovate and didymous, each carpel surmounted by a subulate or obtuse calyx-tooth (the intermediate teeth rudimentary or want- ing), and both ventrally dehiscent. (Borreria podocephala DC.)—Southern Texas, 9. DIODIA Gronoy. (BUTTON-WEED.) Resembling Spermacoce, but flowers 1 to 3 in each axil, calyx-teeth 2 to 5 (often unequal), and fruit 2- (rarely 3-) celled, the crustaceous car- pels into which it splits all closed and indehiscent. 1. D. Virginiana L. Smooth or hairy perennial: stems spreading, 3to 6 dm. long: leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile: corolla white, 12 mm. long, the slen- der tube abruptly expanded into tho large limb: style 2-parted: fruit oblong, 162 strongly furrowed, crowned mostly with 2 slender calyx-teeth.—Low grounds along streams, South and Kast Texas. 2. D. teres Walt. Hairy or minutely pubescent annual: stem spreading, 7.5 to 22.5 em. long, nearly terete: leaves linear-lanceolate, closely sessile, rigid: corolla funnelform (4 to 6 mm. long and whitish), with short lobes, not exceeding the long bristles of the stipules: style undivided: fruit obovate-turbinate, not furrowed, crowned with 4 short calyx-teeth.—Sandy soil, low grounds of Texas to the mouth of the Rio Grande. 10. GALIUM L. (BEpsTRAW. CLEAVERS.) Slender herbs, with square stems, whorled leaves, small cymose flow- ers, obsolete calyx-teeth, 4-parted rotate corolla, 4 (rarely 3) short sta- mens, 2 styles, dry or fleshy globular twin fruit separating when ripe into the 2 seed-like indehiscent 1-seeded carpels. §L. Fruit a berry: leaves in whorls of 4. 1. G. microphyllum Gray. Diffusely spreading or ascending, smooth and gla- brous: leavesshorter than the internodes,rigid and narrowly linear (or small, broader, and crowded at base of stems), usually mucronate, with a narrow midrib prominent beneath and callous naked margins, mostly 4 to8 (rarely 10 to12) mm. long: flowers solitary on a very short or on a longer and peduncle-like axillary branchlet and ses- -sile in its whorl of involucriform leaves, or this proliferous: ovary and young fruit scabro-puberulous.—Rocky ravines, etc., west of the Pecos. § 2. Fruit dry. * Perennials with suffrutescent base: leaves in whorls of 4, their margins, midrib, and angles of stem destitute of any roughness: fruit hirsute with long straight (not at all hooked ) bristles. 2. G. Wrightii Gray. Stems numerous in tufts, hirsute-pubescent throughout and diffuse: leaves linear to narrowly oblong, hardly at all rigid, 4 to 8mm. long, 1-nerved and pointless: flowers paniculate and short-pedicelled: corolla only 2 mm. in diameter, brown-purple: bristles of fruit generally as long as its diameter.—Crevy- ices of rocks in the mountains west of the Pecos. * * Wholly herbaceous perennials: bristles of fruit short and hooked or none. 3. G. trifidum L. Weakly erect and branching, 12.5 to 50 cm. high, glabrous ex- cept the retrorsely scabrous stem-angles and the usually roughish midrib (beneath) and leaf-margins: leaves in whorls of 4 to 6, linear or oblanceolate, or lanceolate- oblong, obtuse, 8 to 14mm. long: peduncles slender, scattered, 1 to several-flowered: flowers very small, white, 3 or 4-merous: fruit glabrous.—Wet ground, throughout Texas. Var. LATIFOLIUM Torr. is a larger and broader-leaved form, the leaves being 12 to 14mm. long and often 4mm. wide.—Occurs with the type. 4, G. circeezans Michx. About 3 dm. high, hirsutulous-pubescent or glabrate: leaves in fours, oval or oblong-ovate, distinctly 3-nerved, obtuse, the largest 3.5 to 4cm. long: flowers short-pedicelled or subsessile in the fork and along the simple branches of the cyme: corolla greenish, hirsutulous outside: fruit hispid, at length deflexed.—A species of the Atlantic States, extending to central Texas. 5. G. pilosum Ait. Commonly hirsutulous-pubescent: stems ascending, 6dm. long, paniculately branched above: leaves in fours, oval, callous-mucronulate, puncticu- late, 1-nerved (with usually an obscure pair of lateral veins at base), the largest hardly 2.5em. long: cymules few-flowered, the flowers all short-pedicelled, yellowish-white to brown-purplish: fruit hispid.—Extending from the Atlantic States into Texas Along with the type occurs var. PUNCTICULOSUM T. & G., which is almost glabrous, the leaves varying to elliptical-oblong and hispidulous-ciliate. 163 ** * Annuals: fruit more or less hooked hispidulous or hirsute (naked in one var.): corolla white or whitish. + Coarse, reclining: leaves in whorls of 6 to 8. 6. G. Aparine L. (CLEAVERS. GOosE-GRASS.) Stems 3 to 12 dm. long, retrorsely spiny-hispid on the angles, as also on the margins and midribs of the oblanceolate or almost linear cuspidate-acuminate leaves: peduncles rather long, 1 to 3 in upper axils or terminal, bearing either solitary or 2 or 3 pedicellate flowers: fruit rather large, granulate-tuberculate and the tubercles tipped with bristles.—Shaded ground throughout the United States. A Texan and western form is var. VAILLANTI Koch, which is smaller and more slender, with leaves seldom 2.5 cm. long, usually more numerous flowers, and smaller hirsute or hispidulous fruit. ++ Small and low, more erect: leaves mostly in whorls of 4. ++Flowers on solitary naked peduncles. 7. @ Texense Gray. Hispidulous-hirsute, or glabrous above, weak and slender, 3 dm. or less high: leaves broadly oval, thin, 1-nerved, only 6 to 8mm. long, the sides and margins equally beset with straight bristly hairs: peduncles terminal and 1-flow- ered, the primary ones naked and filiform, 8 to 20mm. long, single axils proliferous into a similar shoot which bears an unequally 4-leaved small whorl and a short pe- dunele, bristles of fruit much shorter than carpels, barely hooked.—Throughout central and southern Texas. ° +++ Flowers and fruit solitary and sessile between a pair of bracteal leaves, which resemble the cauline ones: stem and leaves hispidulous, or sometimes nearly glabrous. 8. G. virgatum Nutt. Simple or with simple and strict branches from the base: leaves oblong-linear or oblong, thickish, 4 to 6mm. long, most of the axils floriferous : peduncles exceedingly short, reflexed in fruit, not proliferous: carpels copiously hooked-hispid, shorter than the erect bracteal leaves, which often appear as if be- longing to the whorl itself.—Prairies of eastern and central Texas to Brazos Santiago. With the ordinary form occurs var. LEIocARrUM T. & G., which has smooth and glabrous fruit, and herbage usually almost so. 9. G. proliferum Gray. More branching, less hispidulous or glabrate, weaker: leaves thinner,oval or oblong, alternate ones rather smaller: flowers solitary termi- nating a pedunculiform axillary branch of twice or thrice the length of the whorled leaves, and the fruit barely surpassed by its pair of bracts, or one or even two more by prolification from the bracts: fruit as in the preceding.—Stony hills, along the Upper Rio Grande. VALERIANEZ. (VALERIAN FAMILY.) Herbs, with opposite leaves and no stipules, flowers in panicled or clustered cymes, coherent calyx-tube, tubular or funnelform often irreg- war mostly 5-lobed corolla, 1 to 3 distinct stamens inserted on its throat, slender style, 1 to 8 stigmas, ovary with one fertile 1-ovuled cell and 2 abortive or empty ones, and an indehiscent 1 or 3-celled fruit. 1. VALERIANELLA Tourn. (CoRN SALAD. LAMB LETTUCE.) Annuals and biennials, usually smooth, with forking stems, tender and rather succulent leaves (from obovate to oblong and spatulate, entire or cut-lobed towards the base), white or whitish cymose-clustered and bracted small flowers, obsolete calyx-limb (in ours), funnelform rather equally 5-lobed corolla, 3 (rarely 2) stamens, and 3-celled fruit (2 of the cells empty and sometimes confluent into one, the other 1. seeded).—The 164 species are so much alike in aspect, flowers, leaves, etc., that safe char- acters are only to be obtained from the fruit. * Fertile cell broader than empty ones: cross-section of fruit triangular. 1. V_ amarella Krok. Amply corymbose-branched above, bearing numerous and rather open cymes: bracts lanceolate-linear, small: fruit very small (about 1 mm. long), densely white-hirsute. (Fedia amarella Lindh.)—Low grounds, in eastern and southern Texas. * * Fertile cell as broad as the empty ones, beaked: oross-section quadrate, 2. V. radiata Dufr. Fruit ovate-tetragonal, downy-pubescent (sometimes gla- brous); empty cells as thick as the oblong-ovate fertile one or thicker, a broad shal- low groove between them. (Fedia radiata Mx.)—An Atlantic species extending into Texas, 3. V. stenocarpa Krok. Fruit oblong-tetragonal, commonly glabrous; oblong fertile cell thicker than the linear-oblong approximate empty ones. (Fedia stenocarpa Engelm.)—Eastern and southern Texas. * * * Fertile cell much the narrowest, dorsally 1-nerved: cross-section roundish. 4, V. Woodsiana Walp. Fruit 2 mm. long or more: fertile cell ovate, tipped with a tooth; empty ones inflated, with oblong depression (sometimes an open cavity in the middle). (Fedia Woodsiana T. & G.)—An Atlantic species extending into Texas. COMPOSITZ. (CoMPosITE FAMILY.) Flowers in a close head on a common receptacle, surrounded by an involucre, with 5 (rarely 4) stamens inserted on the corolla with their anthers united into a tube, calyx-tube united with the 1-celled ovary (the limb, called a pappus, crowning its summit in the form of bristles, awns, scales, teeth, etc., or cup-shaped, or even entirely absent), corolla either strap-shaped or tubular (in the latter chiefly 5-lobed), style mostly 2-cleft at apex, and fruit dry and seed-like (an achene) con- taining a single erect seed.—The largest order of Phanerogams, with the following special terms: ligule, the strap-shaped limb of certain corollas, the flowers being then called ligulate flowers; rays or ray- flowers are marginal ones that are ligulate, and such a head is said to be radiate; the disk is composed of the tubular flowers, and a head with only tubular flowers (there being no ray-flowers) is said to be discoid; a head is homogamous when the flowers are all alike in sex, heteroga- mous when they are unlike; the scales are the leaves of the involucre; chaff is a name applied to the bracts which often grow on the recepta- cle among the flowers, and when these are wanting the receptacle is said to be naked.—A very large and difficult family, the study of which requires ripe fruiting specimens. Series I. TUBULIFLOR#&. Corolla tubular in all the perfect flowers, ligulate only in the marginal or ray flowers, which when present are either pistillate only or neutral. Tribe I. VERNONIACER. Headsdiscoid; the flowers all alike, perfect and tubular, never yellow: style-branches elongated filiform-subulate, hispidulous throughout: leaves alternate or scattered. 1, Blephantopus. Heads 3 to 5-flowered, several crowded together into a com- pound head: involucre of 8 scales: pappus of several chaffy bristles, 165 2. Vernonia. Heads several to many-flowered, separate: involucre of many scales: pappus double, the inner capillary, the outer of minute chaffy scales. Tribe II. EuparoRtaczan. Heads discoid; the flowers all alike, perfect and tubu- lar, never yellow: style-branches elongated, more or less thickened upward and obtuse, minutely papillose, or puberulent, or glabrous: leaves either opposite or alternate. * Achenes 5-angled, destitute of intervening ribs. + Pappus never wholly capillary. 3. Stevia. Heads 3 to 5-flowered, cylindrical, with 5 or 6 mostly equal rather rigid involucral bracts: corolla narrow: pappus a crown of scales or awns, or com- posed of both. 4, Trichocoronis. Heads many-flowered, with 12 to 18 lax herbaceous or sub- membranaceous equal and nerveless involucral bracts: corolla abruptly much dilated above the narrow tube: pappus minute or small, a crown of numerous bristles. + + Pappus wholly of capillary and mostly uniserial bristles. + Bristles of pappus merely scabrous, indefinitely numerous. 5. Mikania. Flowers and involucral bracts only 4: stems twining. 6. Eupatorium. Involucral bracts more than 4, and flowers few or many: stems not twining. ++ ++ Bristles of pappus long-plumose, rather few. 97. Carminatia. Involucre several-flowered, cylindraceous, of several lanceolate- linear 3 to 5-striato thin imbricated bracts, the outer shorter: achenes slender, nar- rowish at apex: pappus-bristles 10 to 18, plumose with long arachnoid hairs, ** Achenes 10-ribbed or striate: involucral bracts regularly imbricated, the outer successively shorter. + Involucral bracts not herbaceous, striate-nerved (conspicuously so when dry): pappus a single series of capillary bristles. ‘ 8. Kuhnia. Pappus conspicuously plumose. involucral bracts few. 9. Brickellia. Pappus from barbellate to merely scabrous: involucral bracts in several series. «+ + Involucral bracts somewhat herbaceous or partly colored, inconspicuously when at all striate (even when dry): leaves punctate and entire. 10. Carpochete. Heads 4 to 6-flowered, cylindrical, with acuminate rather few jnvolucral bracts: achenes barely puberulent: pappus of long slender erose-dentic- ulate scarious scales continued into a scabrous awn and with 1 to 5 small pointless scales: leaves opposite. 11. Liatris. Heads 4 to many-flowered, with a spirally imbricate involucre: achenes pubescent: pappus about a single series of firm and mostly equal bristles, from plumose to barbellate: leaves alternate. Tribe IIL. AsTEROmWwEs. Heads either discoid or radiate (the ray pistillate): anthers not cordate at base: style-branches of fertile flowers flattened and with a distinct hispid or papillose appendage: leaves mostly alternate, and receptacle mostly naked. * Ray flowers yellow, or sometimes none at all. + Pappus of not numerous slender bristles, or wanting: heads radiate: involucre of firm practs with greenish tips. 12. Gymnosperma. Heads several-flowered, very small and numerous: ligules very small, not surpassing the disk-corollas: flowers all fertile: pappus wanting: heads in glomerate terminal cymes. 18. Gutierrezia. Heads small and numerous: ray and disk flowers 8 or 4 each, all fertile: pappus of several short chaffy scales: suffrutescent, with very narrow leaves. 166 14. Amphiachyris. Heads small: ray-flowers 5 to 10, with coroniform pappus: disk-flowers infertile, with pappus of several bristle-like scales: annuals with very narrow leaves. 15. Grindelia. Heads large, many-flowered: flowers all fertile; pappus of 2 to 8 rigid caducous awns: coarse herbs with toothed leaves. + + Pappus of numerous slender or capillary bristles. ++ Pappus double. 16. Heterotheca. Resembling Chrysopsis, but achenes of the ray thicker than those of the disk and without pappus or nearly so. ; 17. Chrysopsis. Heads many-flowered, with numerous rays: outer pappus of very small chaffy bristles, much shorter than the inner of copious capillary bristles. 18. Kanthisma. Heads many-flowered, radiate: receptacle alveolate-fimbrillate: pappus of 10 to 12 rigid bristles becoming chaffy below and longer than the disk- corolla, as many more one-half shorter, and usually 5 still smaller and shorter ex- ternal ones. + + Pappus simple. 19. Bradburia. Heads with about 12 fertile ray-flowers and about as many in- fertile disk-flowers: involucre campanulate: pappus of the ray of numerous unequal rigid capillary bristles little longer than the 3-angled achene: of the abortive disk- achenes of very few (usually 2) bristles,which are somewhat chaffy at base. 20. Aplopappus. Heads many-flowered, many-radiate: involucre hemispherical: pappus of many unequal bristles. 21. Bigelovia. Heads 3 or 4-flowered; rays none: receptacle awl-shaped: pappus a single row of capillary bristles. : 22. Solidago. Heads few to many-flowered; rays 1 to 6: pappus of numerous slender and equal capillary bristles. ," * Ray flowers white, blue, or purple, never yellow. + Pappus of both disk and ray none or coroniform. ++ Involucre broad, many-flowered: rays numerous, fertile, conspicuous. 23. Bellis. Involucral bracts equal: achenes marginless, flattened: pappus none. 24. Aphanostephus. Outerinvolucral bracts shorter: achenes prismatic: pappus coroniform. ++++ Involucre narrower and flowers less numerous. 25. Keerlia. Involucral bracts oblong, imbricated in few series of unequal length: rays 5 to 15: pappus minute and coroniform or evanescent from the mature achenes. ++ Pappus usually with awns 26. Cheetopappa. Achenes fusiform, without wings or callous margins: pappus of 5 or fewer thin scales and alternating awns: receptacle flat or nearly so. 27. Dichztophora. Involucral bracts somewhat uniserial and equal: achenes sur- rounded by an almost orbicular firm wing, its edge and the body of the achene glochidiate-hispid: pappus of 2 divergent awns and several minute scales: recepta- cle strongly convex: low annual. 28. Boltonia. Involucre imbricated and appressed: achenes obovate, very flat, with callous or winged margin, glabrous or minutely hispidulous: pappus of several short chaffy bristles and usually 2 (rarely 3 or 4) elongated rigid awns: receptacle strongly convex: leafy-stemmed perennials. +++ Pappus of numerous long and capillary bristles: receptacle flat, ++ Pappus of the ray-flowers none or a mere vestige. 29. Psilactis. Involucre hemispherical; its bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series (with herbaceous tips) : ray-flowers often sterile but style-bearing: achenes pubescent and narrow; those of the ray sometimes with an obscure ring in place of papptus; those of the disk with a single series of soft capillary bristles. 167 ++++ Pappus present and mostly similar in ray and disk. 80. Aster. Heads many-flowered, on leafy peduncles: involucral bracts unequal, loosely or closely imbricated: achenes ilattish: pappus simple (rarely double), copi- ous. 31. Brigeron. Heads many-flowered, on naked peduncles: involucre of narrow equal bracts, little imbricated: achenes flattened: pappus simple and rather scanty, or with some outer minute scales. — * * * Corolla of the numerous female flowers reduced to a filiform or short and nar- row tube, wholly destitute of ligule. 32. Conyza. Heads small and many-flowered, with narrow involucral bracts in 1 to 3 series: achenes small and compressed: pappus a single series of soft capillary bristles, sometimes an added outer series. »* * * Rays none: heads diccious (all pistillate or all staminate), 33. Baccharis. Heads many-flowered: pappus capillary : smooth glutinous shrubs. Tribe IV. INULOIDES. Heads discoid, the pistillate flowers mostly filiform and truncate: anthers sagittate, the basal lobes attenuate into tails: style-branches with unappendaged obtuse or truncate naked tips: pappus capillary or none. * Receptacle naked: involucre not scarious, imbricated: not woolly. 34. Pluchea. Heads containing a few perfect but sterile flowers in the center, and many pistillate fertile ones around them: involucre imbricated, the outer bracts broad, all but the innermost persistent: pappus capillary: heads cymosely clustered or scattered. 35. Pterocaulon. Heads and flowers as in Pluchea, but involucre of fewer and linear or subulate bracts, which are deciduous with the matured flowers: heads glomerate and tho glomerules spicate. **Receptacle chaffy: involucral bracts few, mostly scarious: low floccose- woolly annuals. 36. Evax. Flowers as in Pluchea: achenes obcompressed: pappus none. * * * Receptacle naked: involucral bracts many and scarious: floccose-woolly herbs. 37. Antennaria. Heads diewcious: pappus of sterile flowers club-shaped, of the fer- tile united at base and deciduous together. 38. Gnaphalium. Heads all fertile throughout: pappus all capillary. Tribe V. HELIANTHOIDEZ. Heads radiate or discoid: involucre not scarious: receptacle chaffy: pappus never capillary, sometimes none: anthers not caudate: style-branches truncate or hairy-appendaged. * Heads radiate, the ray pistillate and fertile, the disk perfect but sterile. + Involucral bracts in 2 rows, the inner embracing or inclosing the turgid or but little compiessed achenes: pappus none. 39. Polymnia. Involucre of about 5 outer loose leaf-like bracts, and as many or more numerous smaller and thinner inner ones embracing and half inclosing the thick and turgid obovoid achenes. 40. Melampodium. Involucre strongly dimorphous, the outer of 4 or 5 leaf-like plane bracts, the inner of a single series of small bracts which completely and per- manently inclose the obovate or oblong more or less compressed achenes with a peri- carp-like accessory covering. + + Involucral bracts not inclosing or embracing the achenes. ++ Involucre of Zor 4 narrow bracts: achenes dimorphous, little ifat all compressed, 41, Dicranocarpus. Ray-flowers 3 or 4, with very small ligules: 1 or 2 achenes elongated to twice or thrice the length of the involucre, from subulate to oblong- linear, tipped with 2 diverging stout naked awns or horns; the others shorter, the truncate apex bearing a pair of very short divaricate horns or hardly any. 168 + ++ Involucre broad: achenes mostly much flattened. 42, Silphium. Achenes wing-margined, in severalrows: pappus none or 2 teeth; involucral scales thick, in several rows. 43. Berlandiera. Achenes wingless, 5 to 12 in one row, without pappus: inner involucral scales obovate, outer smaller and more leaf-like. 44, Lindheimera. Achenes wing-margined, 4 or 5 in one row, the wings confluent at apex with 2 triangular teeth, and a smaller tooth projecting from the promi- nent rib: outer involucral bracts (4 or 5) leaf-like, inner larger and herbaceous be- coming chartaceous: upper leaves opposite. 45. Engelmannia. Achenes wingless, 8 to10 in one row: pappus a scarious his- pid crown: outer involucral bracts (about 10) leaf-like, inner coriaceous with green tips: leaves alternate. 46. Parthenium. Rays 5, very short, persistent: pappus of 2 small scales: invo- lucral bracts short, roundish, in 2 rows. ** Fertile flowers 1 to 5, the corolla none or reduced to atube: staminate corolla funnelform: pappus none, + Heads with 1 to 5 pistillate flowers: receptacle chaffy. 47. Iva. Achenes short and thick: involucre of few roundish bracts.° + + Heads of two sorts on the same plant, the staminate with an open cup- shaped involucre, the pistillate of 1 to 4 flowers in a closed bur-like involucre. ++ Bracts of staminate involucre united: receptacle low. 48. Hymenoclea. Anther-tips blunt: involucre of the solitary fertile flower beaked at apex, the lower part with 9 to 12 dilated and silvery-scarious persistent transverse wings. 49. Ambrosia. Anther-tips setiferous-acuminate: involucre of the solitary fer- tile flower nut-like, beaked at apex, usually armed with 4 to 8 tubercles or short spines in a single series below the beak. 50. Franseria. Anther-tips setiferous-acuminate: fertile involucre 1 to 4-flow- ered, 1 to 4-beaked, more or less bur-like, being armed over the surface with several or numerous prickles or spines in more than one series. + + Bracts of staminate involucre distinct: receptacle cylindraceous. 51. Xanthium. Fertile heads a closed bur-like 2-flowered involucre 1 or 2+ beaked at apex, the surface clothed with hooked prickles, the 2 thick ovoid achenes permanently inclosed in the indurated prickly involucre. ** * Ray-flowers ligulate and fertile; the ligule persistent on the achene and becom- ing papery: the numerous disk-flowers perfect and fertile, subtended or em- braced by chaffy bracts: corolla cylindraceous: leaves opposite, and heads singly terminating stems or branches. 52. Zinnia. Involucre campanulate or cylindraceous: rays showy: lobes of disk- corolla mostly velvety-villous: achencs wingless or nearly so; of the ray 3-sided, of the disk much compressed: pappus (when present) of erect awns or chaffy teeth: leaves mostly sessile. 53. Sanvitalia. Involucre short and broad: ligules often short and small: disk- corollas with glabrous lobes: achenes of ray commonly 3-sided, the angles produced into as many rigid divergent awns; of the disk often heterogeneous, from eom- pressed-quadrangular to flat, some usually wing-margined, the pappus of 1 or2 slender awns or teeth or none: leaves commonly petioled. “***Teads radiate or rarely discoid, the disk-flowers all perfect and fertile: anthers blackish: pappus none, or a crown or cup, or of 1 or 2 chaffy awns, never capillary nor of several uniform chaffy scales. + Involucre double, the outer forming a cup. 54. Tetragonotheca. Outcr involucre 4-leaved: achenes obovoid: pappus none. 169 ++ Involucre of one or more rows of separate bracts, +Chiulf of the convex or conical receptacle permanently investing the achencs as an indurated accessory covering. 55. Sclerocarpus. Ray-flowers several and neutral: involucral bracts more or less herbaceous, the outer loose and spreading: pappus a short crown or ring, or none:-branching herbs, ++++ Chaff of the flat receptacle bristie-shaped. 56. Eclipta. Ray short: involucral bracts 10 to 12 in 2 rows, herbaceous: pappus none, or sometimes 2 to 4 teeth or short awns. ++++++ Chaff scale-like, embracing or subtending the achenes. =Rays none, the flowers all perfect and fertile: involucre dry or partly so: achencs not flat or margined: pappus of slender awns or none. 57. Varilla. Achenes linear-oblong, terete, 8 to 15-nerved, with setulose pappus or none: shrubby or suffruticose. ¥ 58. Isocarpha. Achenes 4 or 5-angled, small, destitute of pappus: herbaceous. ==Rays present (occasionally wanting in some genera): involucre commonly her- baceous, or partly so. a. Receptaclo from conical to columnar or subulate (at least in fruit).—A species of Gymnolomia may be sought here, (1) Rays fertile (not rarely wanting): leaves opposite. 59. Spilanthes. Involucre of few somewhat herbaceous loosely appressed bracts: achenes of ray 3-sided or compressed; of disk more or less compressed with acute or nerve-like margins: pappus a slender awn from one or more of the angles, or none. (2) Rays sterile: leaves mostly alternate. 60. Echinacea. Rays rose-colored, pistillate, sterile: achenes short, 4-sided: chaff spinescent. 61. Rudbeckia. Rays neutral: achenes 4-sided, flat at top, marginless, 62. Lepachys. Rays few, neutral: achenes flattened laterally and margined. b. Receptacle from flat to convex (in some species conical): achenes not winged or very flat, when flattened not margined or sharp-edged. (1) Rays fertile: pappus a toothed cup or crown. 63. Borrichia. Achenes acutely 3 or 4-angled: chatfconcave and rigid: shrubby. (2) Rays sterile (rarely wanting): chaff strongly concave or conduplicate and em- bracing the achenes. 64. Gymnolomia. Pappus none or a minute denticulate ring. 65. Viguiera. Pappus of two chaffy awns or scalos (occasionally 1 or 2 more), and 2 or more intermediate truncate scales, either persistent or deciduous; achenes commonly pubescent. 66. Helianthus. Pappus promptly deciduous, of two scarious and pointed scales, mostly no intermediate scales: achencs usually glabrous or glabrate. (c) Receptacle flat or convex (sometimes becoming conical): achenes of disk cither flat and margined or thin-edged, orif turgid some of them winged: pappus not caducous. (1) Shrubby, rayless, alternate-leaved: achenes wingless. 67. Flourensia. Involucre of 2 or 8 series of oblong or lanceolate bracts: recep- taclo flat: its chaff conduplicate around the achenes, which are compressed, callous- margined, very villous: puppus a slender somewhat chaffy awn from each angle of tho truncate summit; and commonly some intermediate smaller ones. (2) Herbaceous (sometimes shrubby): rays neutral, rarely wanting: mature achenes wingless, the margins either villous-ciliate or naked. 68. Encelia. Pappus none, or an awn or its rudiment, with no intermediate scales. 28 16—O2 12 170 (3) Herbaceous (rarely suffruticose): rays fertile (sometimes neutral in Vernesina) or occasionally wanting: achenes (or some of them) with winged margins, none villous ciliate. 69. Zexmenia. Receptacle flat or convex: achenes 3-sided or flat, 1 to 3-awned, the awns connected by dilated bases or with intermediate and separate or confluent persistent scales. 70. Verbesina. Receptacle from convex to conical: achenes 3-sided or flat, 1 to 3-awned, with no intermediate scales, andeven the awns sometimes obsolete; leavus apt to be decurrent. *** * * Rays few, neutral or wanting: achenes obcompressed (flattened parallel with the bracts of the involucre): chaff flat or hardly concave: receptacle flat: leaves mostly opposite. + Involucre single. 71. Synedrella. Chaff scarious: achenes (or some of them) wing-margined, the wings commonly lacerate or undulate, in the ray often 3-sided, the angles or wings surmounted each by a rigid naked awn. + + Inyolucre double. = Rays always neutral (rarely wanting): achenes never beaked nor with retrorsely barbed awns, 72. Coreopsis. Pappusof 2 (rarely more) scales, teeth, or awns, which are naked or barbed upward, sometimes obsolete or a mere crown. == Rays fertile or neutral, or wanting: awns of pappus when present retrorsely : barbed or hispid. a. Involueral bracts distinct, or united only at base. 73. Bidens. Achenes neither winged nor beaked, 2 to 5-awned: awns mostly per- sistent: rays neutral, yellow or white, sometimes wanting. 74, Cosmos. Achences slender and beaked; rays white or rose-color: awns apt to be deciduous. 75. Heterospermum. Achenes dimorphous; the outer with winged or callous margin: the inner narrower, attenuate upward and marginless, these and sometimes the outer with two awns: rays fertile. b. Inner involucral bracts united into a cup. 76. Thelesperma. Chaff white-scarious: rays neutral or wanting: achenes terete, marginless and beakless, the abrupt summit crowned with a pair of persistent stout awns or scales, or sometimes pappus obsolete. ***** * Heads radiate or discoid: disk-flowers all perfect and fertile: acheries turbinate, 5 angled: pappus of several chaffy scales. 77. Marshallia. Rays none: involucre of narrow equal leafy bracts: disk-flow- ers purplish: leaves alternate, entire. Tribe VI. HeLunioipnx. Nearly as in tribe V, but receptacle not chaffy, and herbage often punctate. *Involucre of broad bracts imbricated in two or more series: ligules not persistent: achenes terete and several-nerved: lieads many-flowered and radiate, the ray-flow- ers fertile: no oil-glands. 18. Clappia. Involucre hemispherical: rays 12 to 15, linear: achenes equaled by the very slender fimbrille of the receptacle: pappus of numerous rigid hispidulous bristles: fruticulose, with alternate fleshy leaves. | "*Tnvolucre of narrow equal erect bracts: ligulus persistent and becoming papery on the usually striate-nerved achenes: herbage more or less’ white-woolly: no glands. ws 171 79. Riddellia. Involucre cylindraceous-campanulate, of 4 to 10 coriaceous woolly bracts: ligules as broad as long, abruptly contracted at basco into a short tube: pap- pus of 4 to 6 hyaline pointless scales. 80. Baileya. Involucre hemispherical. of numerous thin-herbaceous bracts very woolly on the back: ligules narrower, tapering into a narrow but not tubular base: pappus none. *** Involucre of equal and narrow erect bracts, in 1 or 2 series: ray-flowers female or none, the ligule deciduous: disk-corollas 4-toothed: achenes flat, with only marginal callous nerves, usually much ciliate: plants not floccose-tomentose, and with no oil-glands. ; 81. Laphamia. Margin of achenes naked or not much ciliate: pappus none, or of 1 or 2, or sometimes about 20 bristles: suffruticose perennials. 82. Perityle. Achenes at maturity with or without cartilaginous-margin, usually strongly ciliate: pappus a scaly or cupulate crown, and commonly a slender awn from one or both angles: mostly annuals. **** Involucre hardly at all imbricated, its bracts when broad nearly equal or in a single series: ligules not persistent: disk-flowers numerous, 5- (rarely 4-) lobed: achenes few-nerved or angled, or more nuinerously striate-angled only when turbinate or pyriform: no oil-glands. + Receptacle flat or convex: achenes from linear to obpyramidal, rarely 5-angled, occasionally with intermediate nerves: flowers all fertile. + Involucre many-flowered; its bracts wholly herbaceous and plane: corolla-lobes or teeth short. 83. Bahia. Involucre lax or open in fruit: achenes narrow, quadrangular: pap- pus (rarely wanting) of several scarious scales. ++ + Involucre 3 to 9-flowcred; its bracts broad and with roundish more or less scari- ous-petaloid summit, carinate-concave: corollas 5-toothed: herbage minutely punctate. 84. Schkuhria. Heads effusely paniculate: involucre of 4 or 5 erect bracts: female flowers only 1 or 2, with a short or obsolete ligule: achenes obpyramidal- tetragonal: pappus of 8 scarious palew: leaves or their divisions filiform. a+++++Involucre many-flowered; its bracts mostly appressed, with scarions-mem- branaceous and usually colored tips and sometimes margins: ray-flowers none (except in no. 87): disk-corollas deeply 5-cleft: leaves alternate. 85. Hymenothrix. Pappus about the length of the achene, of 12 to 20 narrow lanceolate hyaline scales traversed by a strong rib which is excurrent into a sca- brous awn: disk-corollas with narrow tube and lobes. 86. Hymenopappus. Pappus of 10 to 20 thin-scarious and mostly hyaline obtuse scales, sometimes very short and small or obsolete: disk-corollas with narrow tubes, dilated throat, and ovate reflexed or spreading lobes. 87. Florestina. Pappus of 6 to 8 obovate pointless scales, hyaline-scarious froma callous-thickened base or axis: disk-corollas widely dilated above the short narrow tube, deeply 5-cleft into oblong spreading lobes. 84. Polypteris. Pappus of 6 to 12 equal scales, with a strong percurrent costa, otherwise hyaline-scarious, rarely wanting: disk-corollas with filiform tube ab- ruptly dilated into a 5-parted limb with long linear lobes. + + Receptacle convex to oblong: achenes short, obpyramidal or turbinate, 5 to 10- ribbed or angled, mostly silky-viltous or hirsute: disk-flowers all fertile, the corolla4 or 5-tovthed: leaves alternate,in many minutely impressed-punctate. + Receptacle destitute of awn-like fimbrille, =Involucre not spreading or reflexed. 89, Actinella. Heads radiate: receptacle from conical to convex: rays fortil»: pappus of 5 to 12 thin and mostly hyaline scales, with more or less manifest cons #f 172 none, sometimes truncate, more commonly acuminate or aristate at tip: mostly low herbs. == = Involucre spreading or soon reflexed. 90. Helenium. Involucral bracts subulate or linear: rays fertile or sterile, rarely none: disk-corollas with short or almost obsolete tube, the teeth of the limb obtuse and glandular-pubescent: pappus of 5 or 6 thin scarious scales: leaves commonly impressed-punctate, mostly decurrent. 91. Amblyolepis. Principal involucral bracts foliaceous and lanceolate; an inner hyaline series resembling the conspicuous blunt nerveless scales of the pappus: rays fertile, ample: disk-corollas glabrous throughout, with a distinct tube as long as the ampliate throat, the lobes attenuate-acute: leaves neither punctate nor decur- Tent. ++ 4+ Receptacle beset with setiform or subulate fimbrillw among the flowers. 92. Gaillardia. Involucre broad, largely foliaceous and lax: ray-flowers neutral, sometimes none: lobes of disk-corollas beset with jointed hairs: pappus conspicu- ous, longer than the achene, of 5 to 10 hyaline scarious awned scales. ***** Involucre of the small heads composed of a few equal connivent bracts in a single series: ligules small: achenes terete, oblong or linear, 8 to 10 striate-costate: leaves opposite: no oil-glands. 93. Sartwellia. Heads with about 5 ligulate female and rather numerous perfect tubular flowers: disk-corollas 4 or 5-toothed: involucral bracts 5: pappus a deep cupule with fimbriolate edge, or of 4 or 5 narrowly oblong fimbriolate-truncate scales alternating with as many awns. 94. Flaveria. Heads 1 to several-flowered, the flowers all fertile and tubular, or one femaie and short-ligulate: disk-corollas 5-toothed: involucral bracts 2 to 5: pappus none, or rarely of 2 to 4 thin scales. ****** Tnvolucre a series of equal bracts, either distinct or united into a cup or tube, dotted or striped with oil-glands: rays when present fertile: achenes mostly narrow and striate: herbage like the involucre commonly dotted with some oil-glands. + Style-branches of perfect flowers more or less elongated, appendiculate or truncate. = Pappussimple,of copious capillary scabrous bristles: receptacle naked and smooth: involucral bracts distinct. 95. Porophyllum. Ray-flowers none; involucral bracts 5 to 10: achenes slender. 96. Chrysactinia. Ray-flowers conspicuous: involucral bracts 10 or more: achenes short-linear, not attenuate upward: flowers all yellow. == = Pappus double, of distinct bristles and scales: receptacle naked: involucral bracts distinct. 97. Nicolletia. Involucre oblong or cylindraceous: achenes filiform-linear, with tapering base: pappus double, outer of numerous capillary bristles, inner of 5 lanceo- late long hyaline awned scales. = = = Pappus either wholly of scales, or some or all of the scales bearing or largely resolved into awns or capillary bristles: receptacle variously fimbrillate, dentate, or naked: involucral bracts united or sometimes distinct. 98. Dysodia. Proper bracts of the involucre generally united at base, rarely quite separate, rarely united to near the summit: pappus a row of chaffy scales dissected into as many bristles. f 99. Hymenatherum. Involucre cupulately gamophyllous high up: pappus of ehaffy scales, either awned or pointed, or partly resolved into bristles, or someor all sf them entire and even truncate. ~ + + Style-branches of perfect flowers very short, obtuse and inappendiculate. 100. Pectis. Heads radiate: involucre of few or several equal keeled bracts ina 173 single series: pappus of fow or numcrous bristles or awns, sometimes chaffy at base: or of scales, or reduced to a chaffy crown, rarely obsolete: opposite-leaved herbs. Tribe Vil. ANTURMIDIAS, Distinguished from Tribes V and VI by the more or less dry and scarious imbricated involucral bracts: heads radiate or discoid, the perfect flowers sometimes sterile and the pistillate rarely tubular: achenes small: pappus a short crown or none: leaves alternate. “ Receptacle chaffy, at least in part: heads radiate (rarely discoid). + Involucre of comparatively few broad thin bracts. 101, Leucampyx. Involucral bracts with white-scarious margins: ray-flowers 8 to 10, fertile, the ligule ample: achenos obovate, 3-angled: pappus an obscure chaffy- crown, soon obsolete. + + Involucre of comparatively small imbricated bracts, the outer successively shorter. 102, Anthemis. Achenes terete, angled or ribbed: heads hemispherical, rather large. 103. Achillea. Achenos obcompressed: head small, campanulate or obovate. * * Receptacle naked. 104, Matricaria. Heads rather large, pedunculate: rays pistillate or none: pap- pus crown-like or none. 105. Artemisia. Heads mostly small, discoid, in panicled spikes orracemes: pap- pus none. Tribe VIII. Srnucronipua. Heads radiate or discoid, the involucre little or not at allimbricated, not scarious: receptacle naked: anthors tailless: pappus capillary: in ours the style-branches are truncate or capitellate at tip. * Involacre lax, commonly of much overlapping or unequal bracts: pappus of rather rigid bristles. + Leaves alternate. 106. Psathyrotes. Flowers all porfect and fertile: corollas with extremely short proper tube: achenes terete, obscurely striate, villous or hirsute: pappus shorter than corolla, of very unequal bristles. 107. Bartlettia. Flowers all fertile but not all perfect: corollas with long and slender pubescent tube: achenes compressed (at maturity), with a salient nerve to each margin and usually on the middle of one face, these densely long-hirsute, the faces glabrate: pappus equalling the disk-corollas, of somewhat unequal bristles. + + Leaves opposite. 108. Haploesthes. Heads radiate and the flowers all fertile: involucre of 4or5 noarly equal rather fleshy roundish bracts: achenes terete, striate-costate, glabrous. ** Involucre of connivent-erect herbaceous equal bracts: pappus of copious soft- capillary bristles: leaves alternate, 109. Senecio. Heads usually radiate: corollas yellow, 5-toothed, 110. Cacalia. Heads discoid: corollas white or cream-colored, 5-cleft. Tribe IX. CynarnoiDEa. Flowers all tubular and perfect (the outer ray-like and neutral in no. 118): involucre much imbricated: anthers caudate, long-appendaged at tip: style-branches short or united, obtuse, smooth, with often a pubescent ring below: pappus mostly bristly: leaves alternate. * Achenes attached by the base: flowers all alike. 111, Arctium. Leaves not prickly: pappus of short rough bristles: involucral bracts hooked at tip. 112. Cnicus. Leaves prickly: pappus-bristles plumose: receptacle densely bristly. * * Achenes attached obliquely: marginal flowers often enlarged and ray-like. 118. Centaurea. Involucral bracts appendaged: pappus double and bristly, or very short or none. 174 Series [T. LABIATIFLOR#. Corollas of all or only of the perfect flowers bilabiate (except in no. 114). Tribe X. MutTistacEZ&. Receptacle naked: anthers conspicuously tailed at base: style-branches short, smooth, not appendaged: leaves alternate, * Corollas almost or quite regularly and deeply 5-cleft into linear lobes: shrubs. 114. Gochnatia. Heads fasciculately-paniculate or cymose: involucre of dry or coriaceous imbricated bracts: achenes oblong, silky-villous: pappus of copious rigid capillary bristles. * * Corollas either all bilabiate, or marginal ones simply ligulate. + Heads radiate, the ray-flowers female and simply ligulate. 115. Chaptalia. Involucre of narrow appressed-imbricated bracts: achenes ob- long or fusiform, 5-nerved, attenuate or beaked at apex , bearing a copious pappus of very soft and fine capillary bristles: scapigerous and monocephalous herbs. ++ All the corollas bilabiate. 116. Perezia. Involucral bracts imbricated in few to several series: achenes elon- gated-oblong, sometimes narrowed at apex, but not beaked: pappus of copious capil- lary scabrous bristles, rather rigid or soft: flowers never yellow. 117. Trixis. Proper involucral bracts 8 to 12, equal in a single series, or in two unequal scries, little if at all imbricated: achenes more slender, with a tapering or beaked summit: pappus soft: flowers yellow. Series III. LiGULIFLOR«. Corollas all ligulate and the flowers hermaphrodite. Tribe XI. CicHortacr@, Receptacle naked or chaffy : anthers not caudate: style- branches filiform, naked: herbs with milky juice and alternate leaves. * Pappus none: receptacle naked. 118. Apogon. Achencs terete, obovoid, rounded at summit, 10-ribbed, rarely an ob- solete vestige of pappus: low annuals. * * Pappus of scales and bristles or plumose: receptacle naked. 119. Krigia. Involucre simple, not calyculate: pappus of both scales and bristles, flowers yellow. 120. Stephanomeria. Involucre double, calyculate: pappus plumose: flowers pink or rose-color. * * * Pappus composed entirely of capillary bristles, not plumose. + Receptacle chaffy: corollas rose-color. 121. Pinaropappus. Involucral bractsimbricated, the outer successively shorter: chaff attenuate-linear: achenes slender, terete, 10 to 15-ribbed, tapering from base into a short slender beak. ++ Receptacle naked. + Achenes not flattened, columnar or terete. = Achenes not beaked. 122, Hieracium. Flowers yellow or orange: achenes short, oblong, or columnar: involucre imbricated: pappus tawny. 123. Lyygodesmia. Flowers rose-purple: achenes long and tapering: involucre cylindrical, in a single series: pappus white. == Achenes beaked: flowers yellow: involucre calyculate. 124. Taraxacum. Scapose: pappus white and copious. 125, Pyrrhopappus. Scapose or branched: pappus reddish, the base surrounded by a soft villous ring. 175 ++ + Achones flat or flattish: pappus white, fine and soft: involucre imbricated: leafy-stemmed, with panicled heads. 126. Lactuca. Achenes more or less beaked: flowers yellow or purplish, 127. Sonchus. Achenes flattish, not at all beaked: flowers yellow. 1. ELEPHANTOPUS L. (ELEPHANT’S FOOT.) Perennials, with alternate leaves, purplish flowers, discoid 2 to 5- flowered heads several together clustered into a compound pedunculate head, perfect flowers, narrow involucre of 8 oblong dry bracts, 10-ribbed achenes, and pappus of stout bristles chaffy-dilated at base. 1. B. Carolinianus Willd. Somewhat hairy, corymbose, leafy: leaves ovate-ob- long, thin, upper and basal leaves much alike.—An Atlantic species, extending into Texas. 2. VERNONIA Schreb. (IRON-WEED.) Perennial herbs, with leafy stems, alternate and acuminate or very acute leaves, mostly purple flowers, discoid 15 to many-flowered heads in corymbose cymes, perfect flowers, much imbricated involucre, naked receptacle, cylindrical ribbed achenes, and a double pappus (the outer of minute scale-like bristles, the inner of copious capillary bristles). * Leaves narrowly linear, without revolute margins, glabrous, veinless, mostly entire. 1. V. Jamesii Torr. and Gray. Low, nearly glabrous: heads few-flowered: invo- Ineral bracts obtuse or acute,—Extending from the northern plains into western Texas. ** Leaves slightly or not at all scabrous, without revolute margins, mostly sharply denticu- late or rigidly serrate, linear-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, veiny. 2. V. fasciculata. Michx. Leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate: heads many, crowded: involucral bracts close, obtuse or the uppermost mucronate: achecnes smooth.—A species of the Mississippi Valley, extending into Texas at least as far west as Gillespie County. 3. V. altissima Nutt. Usually tall: loaves lanceolate or lance-oblong: cyme loose: involucral bracts close, obtuse or mucronate: achenes hispidulous on the ribs.— An Atlantic and Gulf species, extending into Texas as var. GRANDIFLORA Nutt., with large heads, and the involucre of 35 te 40 bracts in many ranks. 4, V. Baldwinii Torr. Tomentulose: heads small, at first globose: leaves lance- oblong or lanco-ovate: involucre hoagy-tomentose, greenish, squarrose, the bracts acute or acuminate: achenes hispidulous on the ribs.—Prairies and barren hills, from western Texas to eastern Missouri. *** Leaves with upper face scabrous and margins often revolute (then entire), not canescent, 5. V. angustifolia Michx. Slender, from roughish-hirsute to nearly glabrous: leaves from narrowly linear (or almost filiform) to lanceolate, the broader ones sparsely denticulate and veiny: cyme loose: involucral bracts (or most of them) mucronate, sometimes cuspidate-acuminate: achenes minutely hirsute, at least on the ribs.—A Gulf species of the pine barrens, extending into Texas. Var. TEXANA Gray has the lower leaves large and lanceolate, the upper ones small and lincar or subulate, and the invelucra] bracts all pointless or merely mucronate.—Extends into western Texas, 176 ** * * Teaves with revolute entire margins, not scabrous, veinless, woolly bencath. 6. V. Lindheimeri Gray & Engelm. [Excessively leafy up to the corymbiform cyme, lanose-canescent even to the obtuse and pointless involucral bracts: leaves narrowly linear, glabrate and green above: achenes glabrous: pappus purple.— Rocky hills and plains of central and western Texas. 3. STEVIA Cav. Herbaceous or shrubby plants, with mostly opposite and 3-nerved leaves, small and narrow discoid heads usually crowded in terminal naked cymes or fascicles, white or rose-colored perfect flowers, 3 to 5 flowered cylindrical involucre of 5 or 6mostly equal rather rigid bracts, naked receptacle, narrow corolla, linear slender 5-angled achenes, and a variable pappus.—Ours have subsessile and fasciculate heads. 1. S. serrata Cav. Herbaceous, pubescent or somewhat hirsute, leafy up to the dense fastigiate clusters of heads: leaves often alternate, subsessile, spatulate-linear to oblong-spatulate, irregularly and sometimes coarsely serrate or some entire, strongly punctate: flowers white or pale rose: pappus 1 to 5-awned or in some flowers reduced to a crown of short obtuse scales.—West of the Pecos. 2. S. salicifolia Cav. Shrubby, low and nearly glabrous: leaves mostly opposite, subsessile, coriaceous, linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly entire (occasionally ser- rate), commonly glutinous-lncid: heads in small and rather open fascicles: flowers white: pappus 1 to 3-awned, or sometimes of obtuse scales.—Southern border of Texas. 4. TRICHOCORONIS Gray. Fibrous-rooted aquatic or paludose herbs, with branching leafy pubescent stems creeping at base or spreading, opposite (or upper alter- nate) sessile and partly clasping glabrate leaves, slender-peduncled discoid heads terminating the branches, flesh-color or rose purple per- fect flowers, many-flowered involucre of 12 to 18 lax and equal bracts, naked convex receptacle, abruptly much dilated corolla, 5-angiled. achenes, and pappus a minute crown of numerous bristles. 1, T. Wrightii Gray. Stems assurgent: leaves undivided, sparingly serrate,, 12 mm. or more long; the lower opposite and oblong; the upper alternate and cor- date-lanceolate: heads diffusely panicled, only 4mm. high and wide: pappus a minute but evident crown.—Wet grounds in the prairies of Texas. 2. T. rivularis Gray. Stems floating (in shallow water rooting), and flowering branches emersed and ascending: leaves succulent, mostly opposite, 2.5 to 5 cm. Jong, cuneate-obovate, sparingly incised or palmately 3-lobed, contracted into a narrow connate-clasping auriculate base: heads fewer or solitary, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter: pappus a minute and evanescent or obscure crown.—In springs and streamlets, south- western Texas. 5. MIKANIA Willd. (CLIMBING HEMP-WEED). Mostly twining perennials, with opposite commonly heart-shaped and petioled leaves, corymbose-panicled flesh-colored perfect flowers, discoid 4-flowered heads, 4 involucral bracts, naked receptacle, the flowers, achenes, etc., a8 in Eupatorium. 1. M. scandens Willd. Smooth or nearly so, with high-twining herbaceous stems: leaves somewhat triangular, heart-shaped or halberd-form, pointed, toothed 177 at base: heads about 6 mm. long: involucral bracts acuminate or slender-apiculate: achenes 2 mm. long, resinous-atomiferous.—An Atlantic species, extending through- vi 6 Toxus in moist ground along streams, Var. PUBESCENS Torr. & Gray is from slightly to densely puberulent, extending from the Gulf States into Texas. 2. M. cordifolia Willd. Puberulent or pubescent, frutescent at base: leaves broadly cordate: inflorescence more compound: heads 8 to 10 mm. long: involucral bracts obtuse or pointless: achenes 3 to 4 mm. long, glabrous.—A species extending from western Louisiana into Mexico. 6. EUPATORIUM Tourn. (THOROUGHWOERT.) Erect perennial herbs (sometimes shrubby), often sprinkled with bitter resinous dots, with commonly opposite -leaves, generally corymbose discoid 3 to many-flowered heads, white, bluish or purple perfect flowers, cylindrical or bell-shaped involucre of more than 4 bracts, flat or con- ical naked receptacle, 5-toothed corolla, 5-angled achenes, and pappus a single row of slender capillary barely roughish bristles. §.1. Involucre cylindrical, of scale-like coriaceous or firm striate bracts closely imbricated in many series: receptacle flat or rarely convex. 1. BE. iveefolium L. Herbaceous or nearly so, somewhat hirsute or pubescent, 6 to 15 dm. high: leaves lanceolate or the upper ones linear, hardly petioled, sparsely and often coarsely serrate at middle, mostly obtuse, 2.5 to 5 cm. long: cymes small and loose: tips of involucral bracts purple or greenish and slightly squarrose-spread- ing: flowers light purplish-blue or reddish.—From Louisiana through Texas to Mexico. 2, E. conyzoides Vahl. Shrubby, with herbaceous flowering branches, villous- pubescent to glabrate, 12 to 30 dm. high: leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, slender- petioled, sparsely and acutely serrate or sometimes entire, acuminate, mostly cuneate at base, 2.5 to 12.5 cm long: heads numerous in the open cymes: involucral bracts without appendage and appressed: flowers pale blue or white.—Along the Rio Grande. § 2. Involucre various, the bracts from thin-membranaceous or scartous to herbaceous, nerve- less or few-nerved, mostly lax, either imbricated or equal and nearly in one series; recep- tacle flat. * Involucre cylindrical, the purplish bracts numerous and closely-imbricated in several rows of unequal length, slightly striate. 8. E. purpureum L. (Jon-Pyz WEED. TRUMPET WEED). Stout and tall simple stems, 6 to 36 dm. high: leaves 3 to6 in a whorl, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, pointed, very veiny, roughish, toothed: corymbs of flesh-colored flowers very dense and compound.—Low or wet ground. Var. MacuLaTum Darl. is9 to 12 dm. high, often roughish-pubescent, with commonly purple stem and somewhat rugose leaves, and more compact and depressed inflorescence. * * Involucre imbricated, rather lax, the bracts of at least 3 (seldom only 2) lengths, the outer successively shorter. + Heads 20-flowered or more, large ( about 12mm. long): involucral bracts of 4 or 5 lengths, striate-nervose. 4. EB. Parryi Gray. Hirsutely pubescent, loosely branched: leaves alternate, proadly ovate and rather deeply cordate, crenately dentate, acute or acuminate, slender-petioled: heads of white flowers rather few in an open panicle: involucral bracts thin, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, the innermost produced into a setiform tip: achenes minutely pubescent.—On the Mexican side of the Rio Grande, and prob- ably also in Texas. 178 - + Heads $ to 6-flowered, small (4 to 6 mm. long): leaves (at least the lowest) pin- nately dissected: involucral bracts 6 to 10, nerveless. 5. B. coronopifolium Willd. Puberulent or pubescent, somewhat glutinous, very leafy herbs, 9 to 12 dm. high: lower leaves mostly opposite, twice 3 to 7-parted into linear entire or sparingly incised lobes; upper less compound, uppermost often entire, from broadly to narrowly linear: the very numerous heads of white flowers race- mosely and thyrsoidly paniculate: involucral bracts acute or abruptly pointed, nar- rowly scarious-margined.—Dry soil, extending into Texas from the Gulf States. + + + Heads 3 to 15-flowered, 6 to 10 mm. long: leaves undivided: flowers mostly white: involucre of rather few (8 to 15) bracts. ++ Suffruticose: inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate: involucral bracts 13-nerved. 6. BE. solidaginifolium Gray. Glabrate or minutely pubescent, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves opposite, very short-petioled, oblong- or narrowly ovate-lanceolate from a rounded base, acute, entire or obscurely dentate, 2 to 3.5 cm. long: thyrsus usually small (5 to 7.5 cm.long), sometimes large (15 to 20 cm. long and equally broad at base), leafy at base: heads 3 to 5-flowered: involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, acute: achenes pubescent.—Dry hills, west of the Pecos. ++ ++ Herbaceous perennials: inflorescence cymose or fastigiate: involucral bracts nerve- less or nearly 8o. = Leaves conspicuously petioled from u mostly truncate or abrupt base, strongly serrate. 7. BE. serotinum Michx. Puberulent: stems 15 to 20 dm. high: leaves obloug- or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 7.5 to 15 cm. long, many of the upper alternate: heads 7 to 15-flowered, very numerous: involucral bracts linear-oblong, very obtuse, cinereous-pubescent.—Low grounds, extending into Texas at least as far west as Gil- lespie County. = = Leaves from linear to oblong, sessile or some short-petioled from a narrowed base, chiefly opposite: heads mostly 5-flowered : involucre canescently pubescent. 8. B. hyssopifolium L. Merely puberulent: stems about 6 dm. high, very leafy, commonly with axillary fascicles: leaves occasionally verticillate, linear, obtuse, entire or sparingly dentate, 2 to 5 cm. long: involucre 6 mm. long.—Dry soil, in eastern and southern Texas. 9. E. semiserratum DC. Tomentulose-pubescent: stems 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute or acaminate, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, serrate with numer- ous unequal teeth above or below the middle to the apex, 3-nerved, rather veiny: involucre 4 mm. long, the longer bracts linear-oblong.—A species of the Southern States, extending into Texas. Var. LANCIFOLIUM Gray is glabrate, with lanceolate to linear rather rigid leaves 3-nerved from near the base. 10. BE. altissimum L. Pubescent: stems 12 to 20 dm. high, very leafy: leaves lan- ceolate, tapering gradually to both ends, acuminate, acutcly serrate above the mid- dle, 5 to 10 cm. long, with 3 conspicuous parallel nerves; uppermost entire: involu- cre 6 mm. long, the bracts oblong.—Eastern and southern Texas. == = Leaves sessile or very short-petioled with a broad base: involucre pubescent. 11. H. rotundifolium L. Stem strict, corymbose at summit, 3 to9 dm. high, herbage roughish-pubescent: leaves round-ovate, obtuse or abruptly acute, with a truncate or obscurely cordate base, regularly and closely crente-dentate, veiny (larger 5 cm. long): cymes dense.—Extending from the barrens of the Gulf region into Texas. Var. SCABRIDUM Gray is a form with smaller and more scabrous or cinereous léaves, the upper and sometimes all with cuneate base. ++ + + Heads 24 to 30-flowered, hardly over 4 mm.long: involucral bracts of 3 lengths, obtuse, thin, conspicuously few-nerved. 122. H. pycnocephalum Less. Pubescent or nearly glabrous: stems slender, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves thin, deltoid-ovate or subcordate, acute or acuminate, coarsely 179 serrate or dentate, slender-petioled : cymes small and compact, solitary or clustered at the end of naked branches: involucral bracts mostly glabrous, very obtuse.— Along the Mexican border. *** Involucre (campanulate or oblong) of bracts all of thé same length or nearly 80, in 1 or 2 series, or with only a few accessory and shorter ones at base: leaves mainly opposite and petioled. : + Shrubby, freely branched: flowers white or purplish. 13. E. Wrightii Gray. Puberulent, 3 to 6 dm. high, with very leafy branches: leaves small (12 mm. long), ovate, obtuse, entire or obscurely few-toothed, thickish, scabrous, abruptly contracted into a short margined petiole: heads 6 to 8 mm. long, about 12-flowered: involucral bracts oblong-lanceolate, obscurely 3-nerved.—Guada- loupe and Chisos Mountains. 14, B. ageratifolium DC. Shrub 9 to 20 dm. high, with slender and spreading mostly herbaceous branches, green and nearly glabrous: leaves deltoid-ovate, obtus- ish or obtusely acuminate, coarsely and rather obtusely dentate, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, slender-petioled: heads 10 nm. long, 10 to 30-flowered: involucral bracts narrowly lanceolate or linear, nerveless above, somewhat 2-ribbed at base.—Rocky shaded hills and ravines, central and western Texas. Var. aCUMINATUM Coulter has the branchlets, lower leaf-surface, and involucral bracts finely and often densely pubes- cent, and the leaves smaller and sharply acuminate.—Point Isabel. + + Herbaceous perennials. 15. B. incarnatum Walt. More or less pubescent: leaves deltoid, or ovate-lance- olate with broad truncate or cordate base, coarsely crenate or serrate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, slender-petioled: cymes sinall: heads about 20-flowered: corolla pale-purple or white, wholly glabrous even in bud: involucral bracts unequal.—Extending west- ward into Texas at least to Gillespie County. 16. BH. ageratoides L. f. Nearly glabrous, sometimes pubescent: leaves ovate with truncate or subcordate or broadly cuneate base, coarsely and rather sharply dentate-serrate, 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long, long-petioled: cymes ample: heads 15 to 30- flowered: corolla pure white and more or less bearded outside: involucral bracts nearly equal.—A common species of the Atlantic States, which reaches central and western Texas as var. ANGUSTATUM Gray, which is smaller, with leaves from ovate- lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, much acuminate, coarsely serrate with only 3 to 6 teeth on each margin, commonly cuneate at base, and heads only 8 to 12-flowered. §3. Receptacle conical or hemispherical: otherwise as in * * * of § 2: perennial herbs. 17. BE. coelestinum L. (MIST-FLOWER.) Somewhat pubescent: stems erect, branched at summit: leaves deltoid-ovate or subcordate, obtuse or acutish, obtusely serrate (or with some coarser salient teeth), slender-petioled: cymes rather compact: receptacle obtusely conical. (Conoclinium calestinum, DC.)—Extending from the Gulf States into Texas. 18. HE. betonicum Hemsl. From tomentose-villous to glabrate: stems lax, loosely branching: branches naked and pedunculiform at summit, bearing some small corym- bose or paniculate cymes: leaves oblong, mostly obtuse, crenate, petioled: recep- tacle low-conical. (Conoelinium betonicum DC.) —Mexican border of Texas. Var. SUBINTEGRUM Gray has tho leaves sometimes truncate, commonly obtuse or cuneate at base, obscurely crenate, denticulate, rep:nd or entire, from villous to nearly gla- brate. (C. betonicum, var. infegrifolium Gray.)—Mexican border of Texas. ; 19. B. Greggii Gray. Minutely pubcrulent: stems erect, 3 to 6 din. high, bearing one or few small and dense cymes at the naked pedunculiform sumumit: leanes nearly sessile, palmately 3 to 5-cleft or parted, the divisions laciniate-pinnatifid into narrow lobes: receptacle low-conical. (Conoclinium dissectum Gray.)—Along the southern border of Texas. 180 7. CARMINATIA Mocino. An annual, with opposite or partly alternate broad and long-petioled thin leaves, racemiform-paniculate heads of whitish perfect flowers, discoid heads, naked receptacle, cylindraceous involucre of lanceolate- linear striate thin imbricated bracts, slender 5-angled achenes, and pappus of 10 to 18 bristles which are plumose with long arachnoid hairs and deciduous together. 1. C. tenuiflora DC. Sparsely pubescent or hirsute: stems 3 to 9 dm. high. termi- nating in a leafless virgate panicle: leaves broadly deltoid-ovate, as wide as long, repand-dentate, veiny: heads 12 mm. long: soft pappus bright white.—Limpia Cafion. Some specimens collected by Nealley are not more than 1.5 dm. high, with leaves proportionally reduced in size. 8 KUHNIA L. Perennial resinous-dotted herbs, with mostly alternate leaves, pan- iculate corymbose heads of perfect whitish or at length purple flowers, discoid 10 to 25-flowered heads, few thin striate narrow loosely imbri- cated involucral bracts, slender 5-toothed corolla, cylindrical 10-striate achenes, and pappus a single row of very plumose white bristles. 1, K. eupatorioides L. Stem wholly herbaceous, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves from oblong- (or ovate-) lanceolate to linear, irregularly few-toothed or upper ones en- tire, the lower ones narrowed at base and sometimes short-petioled: pubescence minute or soft and cinereous, or hardly any: heads more or less cymose-clustered.— An exceedingly variable and widely distributed species. War. CORYMBULOSA Torr. & Gray is stouter, somewhat cinereous-pubescent or tomentulose, with rather rigid and sessile coarsely veiny oblong to lanceolate leaves, and rather crowded heads.— Extending from the western plains southward into Texas. 2. K. rosmarinifolia Vent. Perhaps more woody at base, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves all entire, linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly with revolute margins, and the upper almost filiform, somewhat scabrous: heads more scattered or paniculate.—Rocky open ground from western Texas to Arizona. 9. BRICKELLIA Ell. Characters as in Kuhnia, but the leaves often all opposite, the involu-- cral bracts more numerous, and the bristles of the pappus merely scab- rous or at the most barbellate or subplumose.—Our species have 9 to 25-flowered heads not over 12 mm. long. * Leaves distinctly petioled, all or mostly alternate: stems shrubby at base: inflorescence thyrsiform and leafy. + Leaves mainly with truncate or subcordate base, crenate or dentate (but not laciniate.) 1. B. Wrightii Gray, Usually much branched from a woody base, 6 to 12 dm. high, puberulent or a little scabrous: leaves broadly deltoid-ovate, or rounded-cordate and obtuse, or at most acute, more or less crenate-dentate: heads glomerate-paniculate: involucre often purple.—West of the Pecos. Var. RENIFORMIS Gray has thin some- times quite reniform proader than long) coarsely crenate leaves, surpassing the glomerules of heads.—“ Mountain valley near the western border of Texas” ( Wright). 181 ++ Leaves cuneate at base, tapering into the petiole, veny numerous and incised or deeply toothed, the upper about equaling the glomerate clusters in their axils: much branched and shrubby. : 2. B. baccharidea Gray. Leaves coriaceous, resinous-atomiferous and very gluti- nous, rhombic-ovate or oblong, and with 2 to 5 strong teeth on each margin, much reticulated: heads 15 to 18.flowered.—Mountains west of the Pecos. 3. B. laciniata Gray. Leaves thin, puberulent and somewhat scabrous, ovate- cuneate and oblong, laciniate-toothed or lobed, obscurely veiny: heads 9 to 12-flow- ered.—Mountains west of the Pecos. * * Leaves sessile, subsessile, or the lower short-petioled (all petioled in no. 4, var.) + Leaves mainly opposite: pappus-bristles merely scabrous or serrulate under a lens. 4. B. oliganthes Gray. Cinereous-puberulent, 3 to 6dm. high, woody at base: leaves coriaceous, oblong to linear, obtusely and often obscurely serrate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, canescent and the veins very prominently reticulated beneath: peduncles mostly elongated, with 1 to 3 heads 12 mm, long.—A species of southern Arizona and Mexico, but represented in the Chenate Mountains of western Texas by var. cREBRA Gray, which has petioled more broadly oblong or ovate rather coarsely toothed less canes- cent leaves. 5. B. parvula Gray. Minutely scabro-puberulent, low, woody at base: leaves del- toid-ovate, coarsely few-toothed, green both sides, barely 12mm. long; the upper oblong, sparse and much smaller: peduncles few and slender, with a single head 10 mm. long.—Mountains west of the Pecos. 6. B. cylindracea Gray and Eng. Cinereous-pubescent, somewhat scabrous: stem herbaceous to the base, mostly stout and strict, 6 to 12dm. high: leaves oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly obtuse at both ends, obtusely serrate, thickish, about 5cm.long: heads 12 to 16 mm. long, numerous in a virgate racemiform thyrsus: in- volucre cylindrical, closely imbricated.-—Hillsides and thickets of central and western Texas, varying into var. LAxa Gray, which is paniculately branched, the branches bearing numerous smaller (10 to 12mm.) loosely disposed heads, and the leaves of the branches either subsessile or abruptly petioled. ++ Leaves alternate: pappus barbellate: stems herbaceous. 7. B. Riddellii Gray. Minutely cinereous or puberulent, glabrate: stem strict and stout, 6 to 12 dm. high, exceedingly leafy to the summit: leaves oblong-lanceolate, sparingly denticulate, often entire, 16 to 36 mm. long: heads numerous, crowded in a leafy spiciform thyrsus, 15 to 20-flowered, 8 to 10 mm. long: pappus barbellulate under a lens.—River banks, central and southern Texas. 8. B. brachyphylla Gray. Minutely puberulent: stems slender, 3 to 6dm. high, bearing afewracemosely paniculate slender-pedunculate heads: leaves oblong-lanceo- late, entire or spiringly serrate, 12mm. (or the larger 25 mm.) long: heads 9 to 12- flowered, 10mm. long: pappus-bristles almost plumose under a lens.—Rocks and ravines west of the Pecos. 10. CARPOCH ATE Gray. Perennial herbs or suffrutescent plants, glabrous or nearly so, with opposite and entire sessile 1 to 3-nerved but nearly veinless leaves, soli- tary or somewhat clustered discoid 4 to 6-flowered heads terminating leafy or pedunculiform branches, rose-colored (perfect) flowers and in- volucre, naked receptacle, few acuminate andimbricate involucral bracts, slender 10-striate achenes, and pappus of long subulate erose scarious scabrous-awned scales, with 1 to 5 small nearly nerveless and pointless ones. 182 1. C. Bigelovii Gray. Woody at base, fasciculately branched: lower leaves spatu- tate-oblong, 2.5 cm. long, and fascicles uf smaller ones in the axils; upper oblong or linear: heads sessile or very short-peduncled, mostly terminating very leafy somewhat paniculate short branchlets: awn-bearing scales of the pappus 11 to 14, and a few very small exterior scales.—Southwestern Texas. 11. LIATRIS Schreb. (BUTTON SNAKEROOT. BLAZING STAR). Perennial often resinous-dotted herbs, with simple stems from a roundish tuber, rigid alternate narrow entire leaves, spicate or racemed discoid heads of handsome rose-purple perfect flowers, well imbricated appressed involucral bracts, naked receptacle, corolla 5-lobed with long and slender lobes, slender 10-ribbed achenes tapering to the base, and pappus of 15 to 40 capillary bristles which are manifestly plumose or ouly barbellate. * Pappus very plumose: bracts of the 5-flowered involucre with ovate or lanceolate spreading petal-like (purple or white) lips, exceeding the flowers. 1. L. elegans Willd. Stem (6 to 9dm. high) and involucre hairy: leaves linear, short and spreading: spike or raceme compact, 7.5 to 50 cm. long.—Extending into Texas from the pine barrens of the Gulf States. * * Pappus very plumose: bracts of the cylindrical many-flowered involucre imbricated in many rows, the tips rigid, not petal-like: corolla-lobes hairy within. 2. GL. squarrosa Willd. (BLAzING sTaR). Often hairy, 1.5 to 6 din. high: leaves rigid, linear, elongated: heads usually few, 2.5 em. long: involucral bracts mostly with elongated and leaf-like spreading tips.—Dry soil, extending into Texas from the Atlantic States, and passing into var. INTERMEDIA DC., with narrow heads wnd shorter scales erect or nearly so. * * = Pappus very plumose: heads 3 to 6-flowered: involucral bracts acuminate: corolla- lobes naked. 3. L. punctata Hook. Stout, 2.5 to 7.5 dm. high, from a branching or glohose rootstock: leaves narrowly linear or the upper acerose, rigid; heads usually many in a dense spike.—Dry prairies and plains, throughout Texas. 4, L. acidota Eng. & Gray. Stem 3 to6 dm. high, froin a globose or at length elongated tuber: leaves very slender: heads numerous in a slender and strict naked spike: pappus shorter-plumose.—Prairies of Texas. Var. MUCRONATA Gray has smaller heads and flowers, with the involucral bracts abruptly mucronate-pointed. ** * * Pappus not obviously plumose to the naked eye: corolla-lobes smooth inside. 5. L. scariosa Willd. Stem stout, 6 to 15 dm. high, pubescent or hoary: leaves (smooth, rough, or pubescent) lanceolate; the lowest oblong-lanceolate or obovate- oblong, tapering into a petiole: heads few or many, large, 25 to 40-flowered: bracts of the broad or depressed involucre obovate or spatulate, very numerous, with dry and scarious often colored tips or margins. —Dry soil, extending into Texas from the Atlantic States. Var. sQUARRULOSA Gray is comparatively small and slender, with heads only 12 to 16mm. long and 14 to 20-flowered, and narrower involucral bracts (the innermost sometimes linear or lanceolate). 6. L. pycnostachya Michx. Hairy or smoothish : stem stout,9 to 15 dm. high, very leafy: leaves linear-lanceolate, the upper very narrowly linear: spike thick and dense, 1.5 to 5 dm. long: heads about 5-flowered, 12 mm. long: bracts of the cylindrical involucre oblong or Innceolate, with recurved or spreading colored tips.— Extending from the nortbern prairies into Texas.. 183 12. GYMNOSPERMA Loss. goers herbaceous orsufttutescent erect glabrous mostly glutinous plants, with alternate entire narrow leaves, numerous small radiate heads of yellow flowers in fastigiately corymbose glomerate cymes, closely imbricated ovoid or oblong invelucre with thick obtuse concave bracts, naked reeentacle, very small ligules not surpassing the disk- corollas, oblong slightly compressed 4 to 5-ribbed glabrous achenes, and no pappus. 1. G. corymbosum DC. Woody at baso, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves from oblong- lanceolate to linear: lower ones distinctly 3-norved: flowers of the ray 5 to 9, of the disk mostly fewer and fertile.—Rocky soil, apparently throughout southern and western Texas. 13. GUTIERREZIA Lag. Herbs or suffrutescent glabrous and often glutinous plants, with nar- rowly linear entire alternate leaves, small radiate heads of yellow flowers in fastigiate or paniculate cymes, closely imbricated oblong- clavate or turbinate to campanwate involucre with coriaceous green- tipped bracts, naked receptacle, short obovate or oblong terete or 5 to 10-ribbed achenes, and pappus of numerous chaffy scales, which are shorter in the ray-flowers and sometimes wanting. *Pappus of ray and disk similar, or in the former shorter: ligules mostly short. + Suffruticose: heads fastigiately or paniculatcly cymose, mostly clavate-oblong: recep- tacle plane or small: pappus-scales conspicuous, from narrowly oblong to linear- subulate ; achenes sericeous-pubescent. 1. G. Sarothre Britt. & Rusby. Bushy and low, 1.5 to 4.5 dm. high: leaves nu- merous, 2.5 to 5 em. long: heads usually crowded, the disk- and short ray-flowers usually 3 or 4 each. (G@. Kuthamia Torr, & Gray)—Throughout Texas on arid plains and rocky hills, Var, microcePHALA Gray (G. microcephala Gray) has smaller narrower fewer-{lowered mostly oblong-cylindraccous heads (the flowers of disk and ray reduced to 1 or 2 each), and narrowly linear or nearly filiform leaves, —Southern Texas. -+Annual herbs: heads singly terminating the branchlets and paniculate, hemis- pherical or obscurely obovate, about 4 mm, in diameter: rays 9 to 15, disk-flowers 20 to 80: receptacle more or less clevated and hirsute-fimbritlate : achenes very short, 10-ribbed, the ribs very silky-villous, 2. G. sphzerocephala Gray. Low: receptacle obtuscly conical or hemispherical: pappus of 5 or 6 ovate short coroniform-conereted scales, barely half the length of the achene.—Southwestern Texas. 3. G.eriocarpa Gray. Low or taller (3 to 6 dm. high): receptacle obtusely high- conical: pappus of 12 or more linear-lanceolate or subulate and mostly distinet scales, about half the length of the achene.—Plains and prairies of southern and western Texas. * * Pappus wanting in the ray-flowers : ligules comparatively long. 4, G. Texana. Torr. & Gray. Annual, effusely much branched, 6 to 9 dm, high: branches slender, bearing tho very numerous pedunculate heads in open compound panicles: involucre turbinate-campannlate, 2 to 4 mm, long: rays8 or 10 (6 to 8mm. long); disk-flowers as many: achenes minntely pubescent; those of the disk with a minute pappus of ovate or subnlate scales not as long as the breadth of the achene. — Sterile plains throughout Texas. 184 14. AMPHIACHYRIS Nutt. A diffusely much-brauched annual, with narrowly linear entire alter- nate leaves, heads solitary on the branchlets and radiate, perfect but infertile disk-flowers, and pappus of the ray minute and coroniform, of the disk-flowers of almost bristle-like scales more or less dilated and united at base: otherwise as Gutierrezia. 1. A. dracunculoides Nutt. Rather low and slender: leaves narrowly linear, the upper filiform: disk-flowers 10 to 20, their pappus of 5 to 8 bristle-like scales united at base and slightly dilated upward.—Plains of Kansas and Texas. 15. GRINDELIA Willd. Coarse perennial or biennial herbs, with sessile or clasping alternate and spinulose-serrate or laciniate rigid leaves, large radiate many-flow- ered heads terminating leafy branches, yellow disk and ray (the latter pistillate), hemispherical involucre with bracts imbricated in several series and with slender more or less spreading green tips, short and thick compressed or turgid truncate glabrous achenes, and pappus of 2 to 8 caducous awns. * More or less pubescent. 1. G. inuloides Willd. Pubescence minute or short: leaves from oblong to lanceo- late or almost ovate, serrate down to the partly clasping or broad base with close- set and often gland-tipped salient teeth: involucre glabrous, at-length squarrose: achenes short and turgid, with rounded-truncate summit, smooth or becoming trans- versely corky-rugose: awns of pappus 1 to3.—Common on the plains of Texas. In southern Texas is found var. MICROCEPHALA Gray, which is smaller and more branch- ing, with heads only half as large (6 mm. or so in diameter), achenes more commonly rugose-thickened. * * Whole herbage glabrous. 2. G. squarrosa Dunal. Leaves spatulate to linear-oblong: involnere squarrose: achenes not toothed: pappus awus2 or 3.—Plains and prairies of Texas, said to be particularly abundant west of the Pecos. A common Texan form is var. GRANDI- FLORA Gray, with larger heads and very numerous rays (2.5 cm. long), taller simpler stems, and ovate to oblong upper leaves which are more numerously and equally serrate either with obtuse or spinulose teeth. 3. G. lanceolata Nutt, Leaves lanceolate or linear: involucral bracts erect or the lower tips spreading: achenes with 1 or 2 short teeth at summit: awns 2,—Prai- ties and barrens of Texas. 16. HETEROTHECA Cass. Characters as in Chrysopsis, but the achenes of the ray thickish or triangular, without pappus or obscurely crowned, and those of the disk compressed, with a double pappus, the inner of numerous long bristles, the outer of many short and stout bristles. 1. H. subaxillaris Britt. & Rusby. Annnal or biennial, 3 to 9 dm. high, bear- ing numerous small heads: leaves oval or oblong, the lower with petioles auricled at base, the upper mostly subcordate-clasping (H. Lamarckii Cass.)—Sandy or barren soil near the coast and throughout ccutral and western Texas, 185 17. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt (GoLDEN ASTER). Ohiefly perennial low woolly or hairy herbs, with rather large often corymbose radiate many-flowered heads terminating the branches, yel- low disk and ray-flowers (the latter numerous and pistillate), linear imbricated involucral bracts without herbaceous tips, flat receptacle, obovate or linear-oblong flattened hairy achenes, and pappus double in all the flowers, the outer of very short and somewhat chaffy bristles, the inner of long capillary bristles. * Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear, elongated, nerved; achenes linear, 1. C. graminifolia Nutt. Silvery-silky, with long close-pressed hairs: stems slender, often with runners from the base, naked above, bearing few heads: leaves elongated, grass-like, shining, entire.—Dry sandy soil, extending into Texas from the Gulf States. ** Teaves oblong or lanceolate, entire or slightly serrate, mostly sessile, not nerved: aochenes obovate. 2. C. villosa Nutt. Hirsute and villous-pubescent: stem corymbosely branched, the branches terminated by single short peduncled heads: leaves narrowly oblong, hoary with rough pubescence (as also the involucre), bristly-ciliiate towards the base.—Prairies and plains of Texas. An excessively variable species with numer- ous varicties, the following known to occur in Texas, chiefly in the western part: var. HIsPipa Gray is a low hirsute and hispid, not canescent form, with small heads: var. STENOPHYLLA Gray is a low and rough-hispid rigid form, with spatulate-linear leaves (only 2 to 4 mm. wide), and small heads: var. CANESCENS Gray is wholly canescent with short appressed pubescence, and narrow mostly oblanceolate leaves: var. FoLIosA Eaton is canescent with appressed sericeous pubescence (mostly soft and destitute of hispid bristles), but the stem often hirsute or villous, short oblong or elliptical leaves, and small rather numerous and clustered flowers. The last variety has only been reported from the mountains of extreme western Texas. 3. C. pilosa Nutt, Annual, soft-hirsute or villous: leaves oblong-lanceolate: in- volucre viscid: outer pappus chaffy and conspicuous.—Extending from western Arkansas. 18. XANTHISMA DC. A single species near Aplopappus, with showy many-flowered radiate heads, all the flowers fertile and yellow, closely imbricated and ap- pressed involucral bracts coriaceous ‘below and herbaceous above, fimbrillate receptacle, turbinate 4 or 5-angled sericeous-pubescent achenes, and pappus of 10 or 12 rigid bristles scabrous above and chaffy-dilated below, longer than the disk-corolla, as many more half shorter, and usually 5 still smaller exterior ones. 1. X. Texanum DC. Nearly glabrous, 3 to 12 dm. high, with virgate branches terminated mostly by solitary large heads: leaves from narrowly oblong to lanceo- late, the lower sometimes laciniate-pinnatifid or even bipinnately parted, to ser- rate or denticulate, or even entire above.—Open woods. 19. BRADBURIA Torr. & Gray. An annual branching hispid plant, with about 12 fertile ray-flowers, about the same number of infertile disk-flowers, campanulate involucre of rather broad and thin scariously margined and mucronate-acuminate 2816—-d2——18 186 appressed bracts, achenes of the ray sparsely villous, 3-angled with a strong rib at each angle, and pappus of numerous unequal rigid capil- lary bristles, those of the disk abortive, with pappus of very few (usually 2) bristles somewhat chaffy below. 1. B. hirtella Torr. & Gray. Slender branches terminated by single rather smal] heads of yellow flowers: radical and lower cauline leaves narrowly spatulate; those of the flowering branches small, spatulate-linear to nearly filiform, mucronate- pointed: rays 6 to 12 mm. long.—Dry ground, throughout Texas. 20. APLOPAPPUS Cass. Mostly herbaceous perennials (some more or less shrubby), with alter- nate leaves, usually radiate and always yellow flowers, many-flowered heads, hemispherical involucre of many usually closely imbricated bracts in several series, flat receptacle, short turbinate to linear achenes, and a simple pappus of numerous unequal bristles. * Heads very large, 2.6 em. or more in diameter. 1. A. ciliatus DC. Annual or biennial, glabrous, 6 to 15 dm. high, leafy: leaves oval (or lower obovate), obtuse, dentate with bristle-pointed teeth: heads few and clustered, with very numerous rays, and the outer involucral bracts spreading: achenes glabrous, the central abortive.—Hillsides and river banks throughout Texas as far west as the Pecos. 2. A. Nealleyi Coulter. Glabrous or nearly so, somewhat branching above, 3 to6 dm. high, terminated by long mostly naked peduncles which are enlarged beneath the large solitary heads: leaves narrowly linear or almost filiform, entire or pinnat- ifid with 2 or 3 linear lobes: involucral bracts loosely imbricated: rays 10 to 15: achenes with rugulose sparsely pubescent strie.—Near Santa Maria, Cameron County. ** Heads smaller, 6 to 12 mm. high. + Leaves more or leas pinnatifid, with teeth and tips commonly bristle-tipped: involucral bracts narrow and well-imbricated. ++ Leaves not deeply cleft. 3. A. aureus Gray. Minutely scabrous-glandular, 1 to 3 dm. high: leaves all nar- towly linear, sparingly pinnatifid-dentate: heads 8 mm. high, the outer involncral bracts with short deltoid-ovate green tips: rays 18 to 25: achenes sericeous.—Low plains near Houston (Wright). Said not to have been collected since. 4. A. rubiginosus Torr. & Gray. Viscid-glandular and more or less pubescent, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong, incisely pinuatifid or dentate with salient narrow teeth: heads somewhat paniculate, 10 to 12 mm. high, usually naked-pedunculate, the involucral bracts with slender spreading green tips: rays and achenes as in the last.—Low grounds, throughout southern and western Texas. Along the sea-beaches of southern Texas occurs var. PHYLLOCEPHALUS Gray, which is a lower spreading fori, leafy up to the heads which singly terminate the branches and are larger and more or less leafy-involucrate. ++++ Leaves 1 to 2-pinnatifid, 5. A. gracilis Gray. Annual or becoming woody at base, canescently-pubescent (occasionally glabrate and scabrous), much branched: leaves linear or the lowest spatulate, pinnatifid, or the upper few-toothed or entire, tipped or also sparsely fringed with long and slender bristles: heads 8 to 10 mm. high, with 15 to 30 rays, and involucral bracts wholly appressed and mostly setaceous-tipped: achenes com- pressed.—Plains of western Texas. 6. A. spinulosus DC, Perennial, canescent to glabrate, branched at summit: leaves broader in outline than in the last, pinnately and lower often bipinnately 187 parted into rathor numerous lobes, the lobes and teeth being mucronate-bristly : heads, involucre, and achenes of the preceding.—Common on plains throughout Texas. It varies to nearly glabrous throughout, and also with the leaf-divisions sometimes nearly filiform. + + Leaves entire (sometimes few-toothed in one species) and narrow: heads 6 to 8 mm. high, ++ Annual herbs: rays & to 16. 7. A. divaricatus Gray. Scabrous-pubescent or glandular (sometimes glabrate), 3 to 6 dm. high, slender and effusely paniculate: leaves rigid, linear-lanceolate or lower spatulate-lanceolate, mucronate-acute or cuspidate, entire or beset with a few spinulose teeth, more or less setose-ciliate toward the base:. the upper small and sub- ulate, and in the diffuse naked panicle minute: involucral bracts subulate-attenu- ate.—Dry and sandy soil, extending from the Gulf States into Texas as far as Gil- lespie County. 8. A. Hookerianus Gray. Low, loosely branched from the base, barely hirsute, not glandular: leaves not rigid, entire; upper linear or attenuate-lanceolate, spar- ingly hispidly ciliate; lower spatulate, short and naked: involucral bracts subulate- lanceolate, with less attenuate points.—Gonzales (Drummond). Said not to have been found since. +r++ Perennials, woody at base or shrubby: rays $ to 6. 9. A. laricifolius Gray. A shrub about 3 dm. high: leaves linear-acerose, rigid, mucronate, conspicuously resinous-punctate and becoming viscid, crowded but sél- dom axillary-fascicled, 12 mm. or less long: heads in close cymose clusters termi- nating fastigiate branchlets: involucral bracts subulate-linear, acute, appressed in 2 or 3 series: rays 3 to 6, with rather couspicuous ligules: achenes villous.—Western border of Texas. A, Texanus Coulter is Haxloesthes Greggii Gray. 21. BIGELOVIA DC. (RayLEss GOLDEN-ROD.) Perennial herbaceous or suffrutescent plants, with mostly narrow en- tire leaves (in some species toothed or pinnatifid), discoid heads of yellow flowers, involucre of rigid somewhat glutinous closely imbricated and appressed bracts, narrow receptacle, slender or somewhat obconical achenes, and pappus a single row of capillary bristles. * Heads 3 to 5-flowered. 1. B. pulchella Gray. Shrubby, glabrous and green, 6 to9 dm. high, very branch- ing and leafy up to the factigiate-cymose heads: leaves narrowly linear: heads 16 to 18 mm. high, 5-flowered, with rigid keeled involucral bracts which are acute and cuspidate-mucronate and so imbricated as to form five conspicuous vertical ranks with 5 or 6 in each rank. (Linosyris pulchella Gray)—West of the Pecos. 2. B. nudata DC. Perennial herb, glabrous, 3 to 6 dm. high, strict and simple up to the compound-fastigiate and corymbose cyme of numerous small heads: leaves spatulate to nearly filiform, the uppermost small and bract-like: heads barely 6 mm. high, 8 or 4-flowered, with obtuse chartaceous bracts so imbricated as to form indis- tinct vertical ranks with about 3 in each rank: receptacle with an awl-shaped pro- longation-in the center.—A Gulf species of the pine-barrens, represented in Texas by yar, VIRGATA Torr. & Gray, in which the cauline leaves are linear-filiform, or the lowest and radical linear-spatulate. * * Heads 7 to 80-flowered, 8 to 12 mm. high. 3. B. Wrightii Gray. Herbaceous to the woody base, the stems rather strict and slender, 8 to 6 dm. high: leaves narrowly linear, entire (sometimes lower ] — ingly laciniate-dentate) : heads 7 to 15-tluwered, usually numerous and crow ie " a corymbi form cyme; involucral bracts greenish at or near the apex, but withno - 188 nite tip (Linosyris Wrightii and L. heterophylla Gray).—Banks of streams and saline soil, western Texas. Var. HIRTELLA Gray has leaves cinereous-hirtellous or hirsute- pubescent and roughish (L. hiriella Gray). 4. B. coronopifolia Gray. Suffrutescent, the stems freely branching and slender, leafy, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves linear-filiform and pinnately parted into 3 to 9 divi- sions not thicker than the filiform rhachis and setulose-mucronate: heads 10 to 12- flowered, somewhat thyrsoid-glomerate; involucre as in the last. (Linosyris corono- pifolia Gray)—Along the Rio Grande. 5. B. Drummondii Gray. With many erect or ascending partly herbaceous branches or stems from a woody base, about 3 dm. high: leaves all narrowly linear and cutire, with tapering base: heads 18 to 30-flowered, rather numerous in a corym- biform cyme: involucral bracts with short green or greenish tips. (Linosyris Drum- mondii Torr. & Gray)—Coast of Texas and the Lower Rio Grande. 22. SOLIDAGO L. (GOLDEN-ROD.) Perennial herbs, with mostly wand-like stems, nearly sessile (never heart-shaped) stem leaves, small racemed or clustered radiate heads (flowers of both disk and ray yellow), pistillate rays, appressed invo- lucral bracts mostly destitute of herbaceous tips, small naked recepta- cle, many-ribbed nearly terete achenes, and a simple pappus of equal capillary bristles. $1. VirGauRKA. Rays mostly fewer than the disk-flowers: heads all more or less pedicelled. * Bracts of the much imbricated and rigid involucre with abruptly spreading herbaceous tips: heads in clusters or glomerate racemes disposed in a dense somewhat leafy and inter- rupted wand-like compound spike. 1. S. petiolaris Ait. Minutely hoary or downy: stem strict, simple, 3 to 9dm. high: leaves small, 1 to 5cm. long, oval or oblong, mucronate, veiny, rough-ciliolate; the upper entire and abruptly very short-petioled; the lower often serrate and tapering to the base: heads few, in a wand-like raceme or panicle, on slender bracted pedicels: rays about 10, elongated: bracts of the pubescent involucre lanceolate or linear-awl- shaped, the outer loose and spreading, more or less foliaceous.—Extending from the Gulf States into Texas. Var. ancusTa Gray has greener glabrate narrower leaves, nearly all entire, the lower sometimes 7.5 to 10 cm. long and tapering into a margined petiole.—Near Fredericksburg, Gillespie County (Thurber). * * Involucral bracts without green tips and wholly appressed. + Heads small (not over 6mm. long), clustered along the stem in the axils of the feather- veined leaves, or the upper forming a thyrsus: achenes pubescent. 2. S. czesia L. Smooth: stem terete, mostly glaucous, at length much branched and diffuse: leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, serrate, pointed, sessile: heads in very short clusters or somewhat racemose-panicled on the branches.—A common species of the Atlantic States, extending into Texas. Var. PANICULATA Gray 18 panic- ulately branched above, smaller-leaved, and with copious flo vers, tho clusters of heads becoming racemose-paniculate toward the end of tue branches. ++ Heads mostly large, many-flowered, forming an erect terminal thyraus: leaves Seather- veined, numerous, short, sessile, entire, uniform in size and shape. 3. S. BigeloviiGray. Cinereous-puberulent, 6 dm. high: leaves oval and oblong, mostly obtuse at both ends: thyrsus rather loose: involucre broad: achenes minutely pubescent or glabrate.—Mountains of western Texas. Var. WRiGHTII Gray has sometimes narrower leaves, and a simple short thyrsus of comparatively few heads, 189 4. S. Lindheimeriana Scheele. Leas puberulent: leaves lanceolate or oblong, more acute: heads narrower and more densely clustered: achenes glabrous.—On rocky blufis and dried out stream beds, central and southern Texas. +++ Heads small or middle-sized (large in no. 6 ), panicled or somewhat thyrsoidal, not in a terminal corymbiform cyme. ++ Leaves veiny, not 3-ribbed, but sometimes obscurely triple-nerved. = Heads small, in a narrow virgate panicle: involucral bracts thin, acute: leaves nearly entire. 5. S. stricta Ait. Very smooth throughout: stem strict, simple, wand-like, 6 to 12 dm. high, slender, beset with small and entire appressed lanceolate-oblong thickish leaves, gradually reduced upwards to mere bracts 3 the lowest oblong-spatulate: heads crowded in a very narrow compound spicate raceme: rays 5 to 7. (S. virgata Michx.)—A species of the Gulf States, represented along the Texan coast by var. ANGUSTIFOLIA Gray, which has narrower (and the lower longer) leaves, and the clus- ters of the strict panicle often more racemiform and secund. = = Heads middle-sized, in a thyrsoid panicle: involucral bracts rather Jirm, obtuse: leaves entire or little serrate, smooth. 6. S. speciosa Nutt. Stem stout, 9 to 18 dm., smooth: leaves thickish, smooth with rough margins, oval or ovate, slightly serrate, the uppermost oblong-lance- olate, the lower contracted into a margined petiole: heads somewhat crowded in numerous erect racemes, forming an ample pyramidal or thyrsiform panicle: pedun- cles and pedicels rough hairy: bracts of the cylindrical involucre oblong: rays about 5, large.—A moist or fertile ground woodland species of the Atlantic States, repre- sented on the sandy open and dry ground of Texas by the following varieties: var. anGustata Torr. & Gray, a dwarf form, with the racemes short and clustered, forming a dense interrupted or compound spike; and var. RIGIDIUSCULA Torr. & Gray, a form of the preceding variety, with more rigid and rougher-edged small leaves. = = = Heads very small, in slender spreading seound olusters forming a mostly broad and short panicle: leaves entire or nearly so. 7. S. odora Ait. (SwEetT GOLDEN-ROD.) Smooth or nearly so throughout: stem slender, 6 to 9dm. high, often reclined: leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, shining, pellucid-dotted: racemes spreading in a small one-sided panicle: rays 3 or 4, rather large.—Dry or sandy soil, eastern and southern Texas. 8. S. tortifolia Ell. Stem scabrous-puberulent, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves linear, short, commonly twisted, roughish-puberulent or glabrate: rays very short.—Dry sandy soil, extending from the Gulf States into Texas. = = = = Heads small or middle-sized, racemosely paniculate: leaves broad or ample, veiny, at least the lower serrate: involucral bracts obtuse. 9. S. patula Muhl. Stem strongly angled, smooth, 6 to 12 dm. high: leaves 10 to 20 cm. long, ovate, acute, serrate, pale, very smooth and veiny underneath, but the upper surface very rough, like shagreen: racemes rather short and numerous on the spreading branches: heads rather large.—In wet soil extending into Texas from the Atlantic States. 10. S. rugosa Mill. Rough-hairy, especially the very leafy stem, 3 to 18 dm, high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, elliptical or oblong, often thickish and very rugose: racemes spreading: involucral bracts linear: rays 6 to 9; the disk-flowers 4 to 7. (S. altissima Torr. & Gray, not L.)—In moist or dry ground, extending into Texas from the Atlantic States. ; 2 11. S. ulmifolia Mubl. Stem smooth, the branches hairy: leaves thin, elliptical- ovate or oblong-lanceolate, pointed, tapering to the base, loosely veined, beset with soft hairs beneath: racemes panicled, recurved-spreading: involucral bracts lanceolate- oblong: rays about 4.—Moist woodlands and copses, extending into Texas from the 190 Atlantic States. A Texan form is var. MICROPHYLLA Gray, which is reduced and rather rigid, with lower leaves 5 cm. long, and upper reduced to 1 cm., obtuse, ob- securely serrate. 12. S. Boottii Hook. Smooth or scabrous-pubescent or below hirsute, slender, often branched, 6 to 15 dm. high: leaves rather finely serrate, ovate to oblong- lanceolate, pointed; the upper small, oblong to narrowly lanceolate, often entire: heads loosely racemose: rays 1 to 5 or none.—Dry ground, extending into Texas from the Southern States. +++ Leaves more or less plainly 3-ribbed (lateral ribs almost obsolete in no. 18): heads in one-sided spreading or recurved racemes, forming an ample panicle. = Smooth and glabrous, at least the stem and bright green leaves. 13. S. Missouriensis Nutt. Smooth throughout, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves firm and rather rigid, linear-lanceolate, or the lower broadly lanceolate, tapering to both ends, with very rough margins, the teeth (if any) sharp and rigid: heads and dense crowded racemes forming a crowded and flat corymb-like panicle: involucral bracts thickish.—Dry prairies throughout the State. 14. S. serotina Ait. Stem stout, 6 to 21 dm. high, smooth, often glaucous: leaves thinner, quite smooth both sides, lanceolate, taper-pointed, very sharply serrate (ex- cept the narrowed base), rough-ciliate: the ample panicle pubescent: involucral bracts thin, chiefly linear.—Moist or rich soil throughout the State, passing into var. GIGANTEA Gray, which is commonly tall, 15 to 24 dm. high, with leaves more or less pubescent or hispidulous beneath. == Pubescent (at least the stem) or hispidulous-scabrous. 15. S. Canadensis L. Stem rough-hairy, tall and stout, 9 to 18 dm. high: leaves lanceolate, pointed, sharply serrate (sometimes almost entire), more or less pubescent beneath and rough above: heads small: rays very short.—Common throughout the State. Exceedingly variable in the roughness and hairness of the stem and leaves, the latter oblong-lanceolate or elongated linear-lanceolate. Var. PROCERA Torr. & Gray has leaves whitish-woolly beneath; var. scaBRa Torr. & Gray has leaves very rough above, often entire, rungose-veined; var. CANESCENS Gray, of southwestern Texas, has the stem and both surfaces of the narrow and commonly entire leaves canescent with soft and fine pubescence. 16. S. nemoralis Ait. Clothed with a minute and close grayish-hoary (soft or roughish) pubescence: stem simple or corymbed at summit, 1.5 to 7.5 dm. high: leaves oblanceolate or spatulate-oblong, the lower somewhat crenate-toothed and tapering into a petiole: racemes numerous, dense, at lengih recurved, forming a large and crowded compound raceme or panicle which is usually turned to one side: involucral bracts linear-oblong, appressed: rays 5 to 9.—Dry hills or sterile soil, throughout Texas. 17. S. radula Nutt. Stem and oblong or obovate-spatulate leaves rigid and very rough, not hoary, the upper sessile: involucral bracts oblong, rigid: rays 8 to 6: otherwise nearly as in the last.—Dry hills and prairies, extending into Texas from the western Mississippi States. 18. S. sparsiflora Gray. Scabro-puberulent, somewhat cinereous, leafy into the narrow and strict branches of the panicle: leaves all small (the larger hardly 2.5 em. long), lanceolate-linear, rather acute at both ends, rigid, entire, with lateral ribs and veins almost obsolete: heads somewhat scattered or few in the short imper- fectly racemiform and somewhat secund clusters, 6 mm. long: rays to 6 to 10, little surpassing the disk.—Llano Estacado, northwestern Texas. +++ Heads in a compound terminal corymb, not at all racemose: leaves mostly with a strong midrib. ++ Leaves not 3-nerved. 19. S. rigida L. Rough and somewhat hoary with a minute pubescence: stem stout, 6 to 15 dm. high, very leafy: corymb dense: leaves oval or oblong, copiously 191 feather-veined, thick and rigid: the upper closely sessile by a broad base, slightly serrate, the uppermost entire: heads large, over 30-flowered: the rays 7 to 10.—Dry soil throughout Texas. Varies with smaller heads, looser inflorescence, and greener more scabrous leaves, 20. S. corymbosa Ell. Stem and leaves (except their margins) quite smooth and giabrous, green: heads 6 to 10 mm. long, in looser inflorescence: otherwise as in the last.—A rather local species of the Gulf States, and said to occur in Texas. ++ ++ Leaves more or less 8-nerved, linear or linear-lanceolate, rigid and punctate. 21. S. nitida Torr. & Gray. Stem 6 to 9 dm. high, very smooth except the mi- nutely hirsute summit and inflorescence: heads numerous in the corymbiform cyme, about 14-flowered: rays 2 or 3, large: involucral bracts narrowly oblong: achenes 10-nerved.—Dry pine woods and barrens of western Louisiana and Texas. 22. S. pumila Torr. & Gray. Dwarf, many-stemmed from a woody branching and cespitose caudex, glabrous throughout; cyme glomerate-fastigiate: heads narrowly oblong, 5 to 8-flowered: rays 1 to 3, short: involucral bracts rigid, some- what keeled, and with small green tips: achenes 5-nerved.—Rocky dry places, northwestern Texas. § 2. EurHamia. Corymbosely much branched: heads small, sessile, in little clusters crowded in flat-topped corymbs; the losely appressed involucral bracts somewhat glutinous: rays 6 to 12, short, more numerous than the disk-flowers : leaves nar- row, entire, sessile. 23, S. tenuifolia Pursh. Slender, smooth but resinous-atomiferous and glutinous: leaves very narrowly linear, mostly 1-nerved, dotted: heads obovoid-club-shaped, in numerous clusters of 2 or 3, disposed in a loose corymb: rays 6 to 12: disk-flowers 5 or 6.—Extending into Texas from the Atlantic States. 24. S. leptocephala Torr. & Gray. With more simple branches, wholly smooth and glabrous except the margins of the leaves, which have a prominent midrib, very obscure lateral veins, and no apparent veins: involucral bracts and heads narrower: rays 8 to 10: disk-flowers 3 or 4.—Low grounds, western Louisiana and Texas. 23. BELLIS Tourn. (Darsy.) Low herbs, our native species leafy-stemmed, with many-flowered radiate heads, numerous pistillate rays, herbaceous equal involucral bracts in about 2 rows, conical naked receptacle, and obovate flattened wingless achenes without any pappus. 1. B. integrifolia Michx. (WESTERN Daisy.) Diffusely branched, 1 to 3 dm. high, smoothish: leaves lanceolate or oblong, the lower spatulate-obovate: heads on slender peduncles: rays pale violet-purple.—Low grounds, extending into Texas (at least as far west as Gillespie County) from the southern Mississippi States. 24. APHANOSTEPHUS DC. Leafy-stemmed branching pubescent herbs, with solitary terminal daisy-like heads, white to violet-purple rays, broadly lanceolate involu- cral bracts in few series (the oute1 shorter), and prismatic achenes, the broad truncate apex bearing a short coroniform pappus; otherwise as Bellis. ; * Pa a very short crown with a ciliate-fringed edge: base of corolla-tube seldom thick- ci ened 1, A. ramosissimus DC. Erect or at length diffuse, slender, hispidulous-pubes- cent: upper leaves linear or lanceolate, entire or few-toothed; lower laciniate-pinna- 192 tifid or incised: achenes mostly terete and even, the ribs or nerves few and mostly obscure.—Rocky and sandy prairies of eastern and southern Texas. 2. A. humilis Gray. Low and diffuse, soft-pubescent and cinereous: leaves rarely entire, often pinnatifid: achenes shorter and more distinctly costate-angulate.— Southern and western borders of Texas. * * Pappus more conspicuous and dentate or laciniate: base of corolla-tube in age promi- nently thickened and indurated, long-persistent on the strongly angulate-costate achene. 8. A. Arkansanus Gray. Diffuse, 3 dm. high: leaves oblong-spatulate to broadly lanceolate, the lower often toothed or lobed: rays about 12mm. long: pappus mostly obtusely 4 or 5-lobed.—Plains of eastern and southern Texas. A Texan form is var. Hatiu Gray, which is somewhat smaller, with leaves varying from entire to ‘pin- nately parted, and the pappus-crown more conspicuous and deeply cleft into 4 or 5 unequal subulate-acuminate lobes. 25. KEBRLIA Gray. Diffusely and slenderly branched leafy-stemmed herbs, with small paniculate heads on almost capillary peduncles, white or purple rays, oblong entire sessile leaves, narrowly campanulate or turbinate invo- lucre with thin membranaceous scarious-margined bracts imbricated in a few series and of unequal length, flat receptacle, obovate and com- pressed 2 or 3-nerved achenes, and minute coroniform pappus (or evan- escent from the mature achenes). 1. K. bellidifolia Gray & Engelm. Annual, pubescent, effusely branched from near the base: lower leaves obovate or spatulate; uppermost somewhat linear: invo- lucre only 2 lines long: rays 4 to 15, blue.—Fertile soil, central Texas. 2. K. effusa Gray. Perennial, taller (often 6 dm. high), with simple stem branch- ing above into an effuse panicle: leaves hispid (as well as the stem), rigid and sca- brous, oblong, mostly with broad sessile base: heads very numerous: rays 4 to 7, white.—Hillsides, central Texas. : 26. CHZSTOPAPPA DC. Low branching annuals, with narrow entire leaves, solitary terminal heads, white or purple rays, several-flowered heads (disk-flowers often sterile), involucral bracts imbricated in 2 or more rows (the outer shorter), flat naked receptacle, fusiform or compressed achenes, and pappus of 5 or fewer thin nerveless scales alternating with rough bristly awns, or these wanting. 1. C. asteroides DC. Slender, 5 to 25 cm. high, pubescent: involucre 4 mm. long, rather narrow: rays 5 to 12: disk-flowers 8 to 12: achenes slender, little compressed, obscurely few-nerved, pubescent, all the central ones sterile and often awnless: scales of the pappus very thin and hyaline, narrowly oblong, not rarely lacerate or cleft.— Dry ground, eastern and central Texas. In eastern Texas is var. IMBERBIS Gray, with awns of the pappus wanting in all the flowers, and the pappus-scales rather broader and sometimes more or less united. 2. C.ParryiGray. Morerigid, 20cm. ormore high: leaves hispidulous and glabrate: involucre 6 mm. long, turbinate: rays 6 or 7: achenes quite glabrous; the fertile ones fusiform and somewhat compressed, 4-nerved, with a pappus of 4 or 5 cuneiform- quadrate scales which are laciniately fimbriate at the truncate apex, and of a few or sometimes solitary more delicate awns, these occasionally longer than the scales, sometimes wanting; disk achenes mostly awnless.—On the Rio Grande. 193 3. C. modesta Gray. Less slender and pubescence more hirsute than in no. 1: in volucre broadly campanulate: rays 9 to 20: disk-flowers 40 to 60, all but the central fertile: achenes oblong or linear, much compressed, pubescent when young, with merely marginal nerves: pappus of 5 oblong erose-truncate at length subcoriaceous scales, alternating with as many rigid awns.—Dry ground, southern Texas. 27. DICH AITOPHORA Gray. A small daisy-like winter-annual, with white or rose-colored fertile rays, somewhat uniserial many-flowered involucre with lanceolate bracts of equal length, strongly convex or low conical receptacle, achenes sur- rounded by an almost orbicular firm wing, its edge and the body of the achene glochidiate-hispid, and pappus of 2 divergent awns about half the length of the achene, and of several minute scales shorter than and concealed by the bristly hairs of the achene. 1. D. campestris Gray. At first acaulescent with a scapiform peduncle (2.5 to 7.5 cm. high), at length with leat'y branches terminated by a slender single-headed peduncle: leaves spatulate, entire, somewhat hirsute: head 4 to 6 mm. high: rays 16 to 20.—Southern border of Texas. 28. BOLTONIA. L’Her. Perennial and bushy-branched smooth herbs, pale green and Aster- like, with thickish chiefly entire leaves, white or purplish pistillate rays and yellow disk, many-flowered heads, bracts of the hemispherical involucre appressed and imbricated somewhat in two rows (with narrow membranaceous margins), conical or hemispherical naked receptacle, and very flat obovate or inversely heart-shaped achenes margined with a callous wing (or in the ray 3-winged) and crowned with a pappus of several minute bristles and usually 2 to 4 longer awns. 1. B. diffusa L’Her. Stem diffusely branched: leaves lance-linear, those on the branchlets very small and awl-shaped: heads small, panicled on the slender branches: rays short, mostly white: pappus of several very short bristles and two short awns.— Low grounds, extending into Texas from the Gulf States. 29. PSILACTIS Gray. Minutely pubescent or glandular or glabrate annuals, with slender and loosely paniculate-branching stems, pinnatifid or incised lower leaves tapering into a petiole, narrow often entire upper ones, small heads terminating the branches and with violet or purplish or white usually infertile rays, bracts of the hemispherical involucre imbricated in 2 or 3 series with herbaceous tips or the outer herbaceous, pubescent narrow achenes, those of the ray sometimes with an obscure ring In place of pappus, those of the disk bearing a single series of soft capil- lary bristles. 1. P. asteroides Gray. Scabro-puberulent, 3 to 9 dm. high: lower leaves spatu- late or oblong, sometimes laciniate-pinnatifid, sometimes barely dentate; upper mostly linear and entire: involucral bracts lanceolate or linear.—Southwest Texas. 194 30. ASTER L. (STARWORT. ASTER.) Mostly perennial herbs, with corymbed, panicled, or racemose heads, white, purple or blue fertile rays and yellow disk often changing to pur- ple, many-flowered heads, involucral bracts more or less imbricated and usually with herbaceous or leaf-like tips, flat receptacle, more or less flattened achenes, and a (usually) simple pappus of capillary bristles. §1. Mucatastrum. Head very large (2.5 em. in diameter exclusive of the large and numerous rays): involucral bracts imbricated in two or three unequal series, some- what herbaceous: achenes 2 to 4-nerved: pappus-bristles unusually coarse and rigid (white in ours). 1. A. Wrightii Gray. Viscous-pubescent, 3 dm. or more high: leaves oblong-spat- ulate, setiferous-mucronate, entire, or with one or two teeth, 3.5 cm. long including the margined petiole: heads pedunculate and solitary, terminating rigid branches: involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate or the inner narrower, rather lax, viscid, the cau- date-acuminate tips surpassing the disk: rays purple, narrowly oblong, 30 to 40, 16 to 18 mm. long: pappus of unequal strongly denticulate bristles, the larger almost aristiform. (Zownsendia Wrightii Gray.)—Rocks and stony hills on the Rio Grande in southwestern Texas. §2. Hpxeastrum. Heads smaller: involucral bracts rigid, more or less leafy, nearly equal: achenes 8 to 10-nerved: pappus simple, coarseand rigid, the stronger bris- tles somewhat clavate, ferruginous or tawny. 2. A. paludosus Ait. Glabrous or nearly so: stems 3 dm. high: leaves linear, entire: heads 12 mm. high, rather few, racemose or spicate: outer involucral bracts lax, leafy: rays purple.—Wet pine barrens, extending into Texas from the Gulf States. : § 3. AsTER proper. Involucral bracts imbricated in various degrees, with herbaceous or leaf-like summits, or the outer entirely foliaceous: rays numerous: pappus simple, soft and nearly uniform: achenes flattened. * Involucre and usually the branchlets viscidly or pruinose-glandular, well-imbricated or loose: pubescence not silky: leaves entire (or the lower with few teeth), the cauline all sessile or clasping: rays showy, violet to purple. 8. A. Fendleri Gray. Rigid, 3 dm.high or less: leaves firm, linear, 1-nerved, hispid-ciliate, 2.5 cm. long or mostly much less: heads scattered, 6 mm. high: invo- lucral bracts linear-oblong, obtuse or the inner acute, not squarrose.—Plains and sand-hills of northwestern Texas. 4, A. oblongifolius Nutt. Minutely glandular-puberulent, much branched above, rigid, paniculate-corymbose, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves narrowly oblong or lanceolate, mucronate-pointed, partly clasping, thickish, 2.5 to 5 cm.long by 4 to 10 mm. wide: involucral bracts nearly equal, broadly linear, spreading above, appressed at base: rays violet-purple: achenes canescent.—Rocky banks and bluffs, extending into Texas from the Atlantic States. Extending to the western borders of Texas, in drier and more exposed places, is var. RIGIDULUS Gray, alow form, with more rigid and hispidulous scabrous leaves. * * Leaves whitened, silvery-silky both sides, all sessile and entire, mucronulate : involucre imbricated in 8 to several rows: rays showy, purple-violet. 5. A. sericeus Vent. Stems slender, branched: leaves silver-white, lanceolate or oblong: heads mostly solitary, large, with 20 to 30 rays, terminating the short branchlets: bracts of the globular involucre similar to the leaves, spreading except the short coriaceous base: achenes smooth, many-ribbed.—Prairies and dry banks, extending into Texas from the Mississippi States, 6. A. phyllolepis Torr. & Gray. Moreslender and with long simple branches, merely canescent: leaves small; lower cauline 2.5 cm. long or more, oblong; those 195 of the branches elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 12 mm. long; uppermost and the large ovate or ovate-lanceolate foliaceous portion of the involucral bracts cuspidate- niga glabrate, conspicuously hirsute.—Prairies of western Louisiana and exas. ** * Leaves entire, the lower not heart-shaped, the cauline all with sessile and cordate- clasping base, the auricles generally meeting around the stem. 7. A. patens Ait. Rough-pubescent: stem loosely panicled above, 3 to9 dm. high, with widely spreading branches, the heads mostly solitary, terminating slen- der branchlets: leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, often contracted below the middle, rough, especially above and on the margins: heads 12 mm. broad, with showy deep blue-purple rays: bracts of the minutely roughish involucre with spreading pointed tips: achenes silky.—Dry ground, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas at least as far west as Gillespie County. A common Texas form is var. GRACILIS Hook., which is lower and more slender, and with heads and oblong to oval leaves smaller and more scabrous. »* * * Lower leaves heart-shaped and petioled : no glandular or viscid pubescence : heads with short and appressed green-tipped bracts, mostly numerous, racemose or panicled. 8. A. azureus Lindl. Stem rather rough, erect, racemose-compound at summit, the branches slender and rigid: leaves rough, entire or slightly serrate; the lower ovate-lanceolate or oblong, heart-shaped, on long often hairy petioles; the others lanceolate or linear, sessile, on the branches awl-shaped: heads middle-sized: involu- cre inversely conical: rays bright blue.—Prairies and border of woods, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas, where there are forms with hardly a cordate leaf. 9. A. Drummondii Lindl. Pale with fine gray pubescence: leaves cons picuously serrate, cordate to cordate-lanceolate, mostly on margined petioles, the uppermost lanceolate and sessile: heads small: involucral bracts acute or acutish: rays pale blue or nearly white.—Open grounds and borders of woods, extending from the Mis- sissippi States to western Texas. * * * * * Without heart-shaped petioled leaves, the radical and lower all acute or alternate at base: not glandular, or viscid, or silky-canescent. + Smooth and glabrous throughout (or nearly so), and usually pale and glaucous: involu- cral bracts closely imbricated, firm and whitish-coriaceous below, green-tipped : leaves jim, usually entire. E 10. A. levis L. Rather stout, 6 to 12dm. high: leaves thickish, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, chiefly entire, the upper more or less clasping by an auricled or heart-shaped base, those on the branchlets reduced to rigid subulate bracts: heads in a close panicle: bracts of the short-obovoid or hemispherical involucre with short abrupt green tips: rays sky-blue.—Borders of woodlands throughout Texas. 11, A. virgatus Ell. Slender, strict and simple, with few or several racemose or terminal heads like those of the last: leaves lanceolate or linear, the lower usually long and narrow, the uppermost reduced to rigid subulate bracts.—Extending from the Gulf States into Texas. «+ Hoary-pubescent or hirsute: herbaceous tips of the involucral bracts squarrose or apreading : cauline leaves emall, linear, entire, scarcely narrowed at the sessile or partly clasping base: heads numerous, small, racemose. 12. A. multiflorus Ait. Pale or hoary with minute close pubescence, 3 dm. high, much branched and bushy: the heads much crowded on the spreading racemose branches: leaves rigid, crowded, spreading, with rough or ciliate margins, the upper- most passing into the spatulate obtuse bracts: heads 4 to 6 mm. long: rays white or rarely bluish, 10 to 20.—Dry or sterile ground, common throughout Texas. _ ++ Bracis glabrous, closely imbricated (the outer regularly shorter), not coriaceous, with short appressed green tips: branches slender, divaricate or divergent: leaves lanceolate to subulate: heads small, 4 to 6mm. high, numerous. 196 13. A. dumosus L. Smooth or nearly sv, 3 to 9 dm. high, the heads scattered and terminating minutely foliose slender branchlets: leaves lineur or the upper oblong, crowded, entire, with rough margins: involucral bracts linear-spatulate, obtuse, in 4 to 6 rows: rays pale purple or blue.—Border of woods, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas. A variable species, in the Southern States passing into var. SUBU- L&FOoLIUS Torr. & Gray, a rather rigid form, with ascending flowering branches, on which the somewhat large heads are often subracemosely paniculate and bearing erect or little spreading subulate-linear or linear-oblong very small leaves. 14. A. lateriflorus Britton. More or less pubescent, much branched : leaves lanceo- late or oblong-lanceolate, tapering or pointed at each end, sharply serrate in the middle: heads racemosely unilateral upon very short minutely leafy branchlets: involucral bracts linear, acute or rather obtuse, imbricated in 3 or 4 rows. (A. diffusus Ait. 4. miser of most American authors.)—Extending from the Atlantic States into Texas. 15. A.race osusEll, Minutely scabrous-pubescent along the numerous slender erect or ascending branches: leaves rigid, linear, small, acute, entire: heads small, little over 4 mm. high, somewhat spicately or more loosely racemose and unilateral: rays purplish, only 2 to 4 mm. long.—A species of the Gulf States, probably col- lected in Texas by Lindheimer. +++-+ Bracts narrow, in several lengths, the erect green tips not dilated: branches loosely paniculate: stem leaves sessile, but the base not cordate or auriculate. 16. A. salicifolius Ait. Glabrous or nearly so: stem 6 to 24 dm. high, much branched: leaves long-oblong to narrowly lanceolate, firm, pointed, serrate or entire, often scabrous: heads about 8 mm. high, disposed to be thyrsoid or racemose-clus- tered: involucre of rather firm linear well-imbricated bracts with acute or obtusish green tips: rays purplish, rarely white. (4. carneus of many authors.)—A low ground species of the Atlantic States, extending to western Texas. Var. SUBASPER Gray, is a rigid scabrous form, with contracted leafy inflorescence, the broad heads usu- ally leafy-bracteate and the broader involucral bracts often obtuse, which extends from the Mississippi States into Texas. An exclusively Texan form, on rocky panks, is var. CHRULESCENS Gray, which is strict and rigid, with the rather large heads in a more naked inflorescence, the leaves all entire, and the involucral bracts with narrower acute or acutish tips. 64, DosLLINGERIA. Pappus manifestly double, the inner of long capillary bristles (some thickened at top), the outer of very short and rigid bristles: involucral bracts short, without herbaceous tips: heads small, corymbose or solitary: rays rather few, white : leaves not rigid, veiny. 17. A. umbellatus Mill. Smooth, leafy to the top, 6 to 21 dm. high: leaves lance- olate, elongated, taper-pointed and tapering to the base, 7.5 to 15 cm. long: heads very numerous in compound flat corymbs: involucral bracts rather close, obtusish, scarcely longer than the achenes. (Diplopappus wmbellatus Torr. & Gray.)—A species of the Atlantic States, represented in the low pine-barrens of Texas by var. LATIFOLIUS Gray, which has the shorter leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, less narrowed or even rounded at base (D. amygdalinus Torr. & Gray.) $5. IanrHe. Pappus less distinctly double, the inner bristles not thickened at top, the outer shorter: involucral bracts well imbricated, appressed, without herb- aceous tips: rays violet: achenes narrow, villous: leaves numerous, rigid, small, linear, 1-nerved and veinless. 18. A. linariifolius L. Stems 7.5 to 50 cm. high, puberulent, several from a woody root: heads solitary or terminating simple branches, 12 mm. high: leaves about 2.5 cm. long, rough-margined, passing above into the rigid acutish involucral bracts: achenes flat, with strong marginal nerves and’ sometimes a single lateral nerve. (Diplopappus linariifolius Hook.)—Dry soil, common in the Atlantic States, and extending into Texas. Rays rarely white. 197 19. A. ericzefolius Rothrock. Low, strigosely canescent or hispidulous and gland- tar-seabrous, much branched: branches erect or diffuse, terminated by somewhat pedunculate smaller and narrower heads (6 to 8 mm. high): leaves commonly hispid- ciliate, erect or little spreading, 6 to 12 mm.Jong; the lowest spatulate, the upper from linear to nearly filiform: involucral bracts lanceolate, acute or apiculate, thinnish: achenes less compressed, lightly few-nerved. (Diplopappus ericoides Torr, & Gray.)—Dry hills, throughout Texas. Rays sometimes white. §6. OrTHOMERIS. Pappus simple: involucral bracts imbricated, appressed, without herba- ceous tips, often scarious-edged or dry.—Involucre and herbage smooth and gla- brous, and plants more or less woody. 20, A. spinosus Benth. Base of stem usually persistent and woody, sending up (9 to 24 dm. long) slender and lithe striate green branches, resolved into paniculate branchlets, terminated by small heads: stem leaves small, more or less fleshy, linear or spatulate-lancevlate, entire, mostly few and fugacious, some of them with soft subulate spines in or above their axils; those of the branchlets reduced to subulate scales or wanting: involucre 4mm. high, of subulate-lanceolate bracts: rays white, 4mm, long: achenes glabrous.—Apparently very common in southwestern Texas. Dr. Havard speaks of it as ‘‘ that most common of bushy weeds.” 21. A. Palmeri Gray. Decidedly shrubby, 9 to 12 dm. high, very much branched throughout: branchlets slender, striate-angled, terminated by the small heads: leaves apparently not fleshy, narrowly linear, entire: involucre barely 6 mm. high, of narrowly oblong obtuse bracts: rays white, 2 mm. long: achenes sericeous-pubes- cent.—About Corpus Christi Bay; also reported from Eagle Pass on the Rio Grande. §7. OXYTRIPOLIUM. Involuore asin§ 6: pappus simple, fine and soft: glabrous annuals, bearing numerous small heads and narrow entire leaves. 22. A. exilis Ell. Mostly slender and diffusely branched above: principal stem leaves linear, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide; the lowest sometimes broader and lanceolate, rarely with a few serratures: heads 6 mm. high: involucral bracts linear-subulate or more lanceolate and acuminate: rays bluish or purple, rather con- spicuous.—Throughout Texas in subsaline or moist soil. $8. MACHERANTHERA. Involucre imbricated in many rows, the bracts linear, coriaccous below, with foliaceous spreading tips: raya numerous and conspicuous, violet or ‘bluish-purple: pappus copious and eimple, of rather rigid and unequal brisiles. In ours the involucre is from nearly glabrous to canescent, and the achenes densely pubescent. * Leaves at most incisely dentate. 23. A. gymnocephalus Gray. Stem erect, simple or branched, commonly hirsute or hispidulons, equally leafy ‘to the top: branches bearing solitary usually naked- pedunculate heads: leaves spatulate-oblong to lanceolate; cauline short, usually obtuse, copiously serrate or denticulate with spinulose-setigerous tveth: involucral bracts linear-subulate with squarrose tips: rays purple.—Dry ground, extreme south- western Texas. 24. A.canescens Pursh. Commonly 3 to 6 dm. high and loosely much branched, bearing numerous paniculate heads, sometimes dwarf and with simple contracted inflorescence, pale and cinereous-puberulent or minutely canescent, or greener and glabrate: leaves lanceolate to linear or the lower spatulate, from entire to irregularly dentate, or ovcasionally laciniate, the rigid teeth mostly with mucronate-setulose tip: heads from 8 to 12mm. high: involucral bracts with the green tips short and spread- ing: rays violet. (Macharanthera canescens Gray.)—Open and sterile ground and sandy stream-banks, extending from the northern Great Plains to W. Texas. Anex- ceedingly variable species. A common western Texan variety is var. VIRIDIS Gray, & green hardly rigid form, of less arid situations, either sparsely scabro-puberulent or almost glabrous, with looser involucral bracts, either with short and ascending or longer and squarrose-spreading tips. (1. canescens, var. glabra Gray.) 198 * * Teaves 1 to 3-pinnately cleft or parted. 95. A. tanacetifolius HBK. Pubescent, often rather viscid, very leafy, 3 to 6dm. high lowest leaves 2 to 3-pinnately parted; uppermost simply pinnatifid, or on the flowering branchlets entire; lobes short, setulose-mucronate: heads 12 mm. high: involucral bracts narrowly linear, with slender spreading foliaceous tips, or the out- ermost almost wholly foliaceous: rays numerous, 12 mm. long or more, bright violet: achenes villous. (Macheranthera tanacetifolia Nees.)—Moist ground, throughout central and western Texas. 31. ERIGERON L. (FLEABANE.) Herbs, with entire or toothed and generally sessile leaves, solitary or corymbed naked-pedunculate heads, yellow disk, white or purple very numerous and slender pistillate rays, narrow mostly equal and little imbricated involucral bracts which are never coriaceous, foliaceous, or ereen-tipped, flat or convex naked receptacle, flattened usually pubes- cent and 2-nerved achenes, and pappus a single row of capillary bristles, with minuter ones intermixed, or with a distinct short outer pappus of little bristles of chaffy scales. § 1. Canorus. Rays inconspicuous, in several rows scarcely longer than the simple pappus: annuals. 1. B. Canadensis L. (HorsE-wrEeD. BUTTER-WEED.) Bristly-hairy: stem erect wand-like, 3 to 15dm. high: leaves linear, mostly entire, the radical cut-lobed: heads very numerous and small, cylindrical, panicled: rays white.—A common weed everywhere in open or waste grounds. 2. B. divaricatus Michx. Diffuseand decumbent, 7.5 to 30 cm. high: leaves linear or awl-shaped, entire: heads loosely corymbed: rays purple: otherwise like the last.—Open grounds and river-banks, extending from the western Mississippi States to Texas. §2. Eriarron proper. Rays elongated, crowded in one or more rows. * Perennial and low from a rootstock or caudex: leaves entire, narrow : involucre some- what hispidulous : pappus plainly double. , 3. BE. Bigelovii Gray. Cinereous-hispidulous, diffusely branched from the base, leafy up to the short-pedunculate scattered heads: leaves small, spatulate-lance- olate or upper linear, lowest more spatulate and petioled: involucral bracts rather rigid, lanceolate, acuminate, obviously of 2 or 3 lengths: rays 40 to 50, purple or violet, 6mm. long: outer pappus of slender subulate scales, about 4as long as the inner bristles.—On the Rio Grande at the western border of Texas. ** Perennial by rosulate offsets borne on apex of creeping rootstocks: leaves commonly serrate or dentate: involucre glabrate : pappus quite simple: rays very narrow and numerous (much over 100). 4. BE. Philadelphicus L. Soft-hirsute, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves oblong, or lowest spatulate or obovate; upper cauline half-clasping, obtuse, sparingly and coarsely serrate or entire: rays pink, about 6 mm. long.—Throughout Texas. 5. B. quercifolius Lam. Pubescent with short spreading hairs, sometimes cine- reous, about 3 dm. high: radical and lowest cauline leaves obovate or spatulate, from repand to sinuate-pinnatifid: heads smaller: rays barely 4mm. long, from bluish or purplish to white.—Low grounds, extending from the Gulf States into Texas. *** Perennial by rooting from decumbent or creeping leafy stems: rays very numerous and narrow; heads solitary, slender-peduncled. 6. B. repens Gray. Cinereous-pubescent: stems prostrate or ascending from the slender root; prostrate ones rooting at the nodes: leaves obovate ro broadly sprtu- 199 late with cuneate base tapering into a petiole, obtusely and deeply 5 to 9-toothed or almost lobed: peduncles scapiform, 10 to 20cm. long: involucre 8mm. high: rays 6 mm. long, white: pappus simple. (Z. scaposus Torr. & Gray, not DC.)—Sandy seacoast of southern Texas. 7. H flagellaris Gray. More or tess cinereous with fine appressed pubescence: stems slender, diffusely decumbent and flagelliform but leafy, some prostrate, many at length rooting at the apex and proliferous: leaves small, entire; radical spatu- late and petioled; those of the branches passing to linear: peduncles 4 to 12.5 cm+ long: head barely 6 mm. high: rays white or purplish: pappus double, the outer subulate-setulose.—Banks of streams west of the Pecos. **** Annuals (sometimes biennials), leafy-stemmed and branching: heads conspicuously radiate: pappus more or less double: leaves entire, sometimes dentate or lower incisely lobed. + Rays only 80 or 40, white, not very narrow, barely 6 mm. long, and with pappus as in the disk-flowers : leaves narrow, entire. 8. B. modestus Gray. Much branched from the base, 3 dm. high or less, slender, rigid, cinereous-hirsute or hispid: branches terminated by the small (4 mm. high) slender-pedunculate heads: upper leaves linear and lower narrowly spatulate, about 2.5 cm. long.—Dry and sterile rocky plains, western Texas. + + Rays very numerous (about 100), narrow, with pappus like the disk-flowers : leaves from entire to sparingly lobed. 9. B. divergens Torr. & Gray. Diffusely branched and spreading, cinereous- pubescent or hirsute: leaves linear-spatulate or the upper linear and the lowest broador (these 4 to 8 mm. wide and soinetimes laciniately toothed or lobed): heads 4 to 6 mm. high, the white or purplish or sometimes violet rays equally long: involu- cre hirsute.—Low plains and river-banks, central and western Texas. 10. E. tenuis Torr. & Gray. Branched from the root, ascending or erect, some- what hirsute or pubescent: leaves oblong-spatulate or lanceolate, and the lowest obovate (8 to 12 mm. wide), occasionally few-toothed or sinuate-lobed: heads little over 4 mm. high: involucre nearly glabrous: rays white and purplish.—Extending in low ground from Arkansas and Louisiana to the Lower Rio Grande. + + + Rays not excessively numerous or very narrow (4 to 6 mm. long), white or barely purplish-tinged : outer pappus a crown of minute scales, the inner of deciduous fragile bristles, usually wanting in the ray. : 11. B. strigosus Muhl. (Daisy FLEABANE.) Stem panicled-corymbose at the summit, roughish like the leaves with minute appressed hairs, or almost smooth: leaves entire or nearly so, the upper lanceolate, scattered, the lowest oblong or spat- ulate, tapering into a slender petiole: rays white, twice the length of the minutely hairy involucre.—Dry open grounds throughout Texas. Var. BEYRICHII Gray is a slender form, with minute and sometimes almost cinereous pubescence, smaller heads, and rays from white to pale rose-color. : A form from near Pena (Duval County) seems to be intermediate between this spe- cies and E. annuus. It islow and slender, with a cluster of spatulate more or less dentate or lobed leaves tapering into a long petiole, and long filiform branches bear- ing small and narrowly linear entire leaves and long-pedunculate solitary heads. The involucre is about as bristly as in EZ. annuus, and much of the pubescence is not appressed. 32. CONYZA Less. Herbaceous, with small many-flowered heads, narrow involucral bracts in 1 to 3 series, corolla of the female flowers (much more numer- ous than the perfect ones) reduced to a filiform or short and narrow 200 tube wholly destitute of ligule, small compressed achenes, and pappus of a single series of soft capillary bristles (sometimes an added outer series of short bristles or scales). ; 1. C. Coulteri Gray. Commonly branched, 3 to 6 dm.high, bearing numerous small heads in a mostly crowded thyrsoid leafy panicle, viscidly pubescent or partly hirsute: stem leaves linear-oblong, the lower spatulate-oblong and with partly clasp- ing base, from dentate to Jaciniate-pinnatifid: involucre 2 to 4 mm. high, hirsute, considerably shorter than the soft pappus: flowers whitish: perfect flowers only 5 to 7.—Throughout western Texas, in river bottoms, etc. 33. BACCHARIS L. (GROUNDSEL-TREE.) Commonly smooth and resinous or glutinous shrubs, with whitish or yellow dicecious flowers (all tubular), imbricated involucre, corolla of the pistillate flowers very slender and thread-like, of the staminate larger and 5-lobed, tailless anthers, ribbed achenes, and pappus of cap- illary bristles (scanty and tortuous in the sterile plant, very long and copious in the fertile). * Pappus of the fertile flowers very copious and pluriserial, elongated in fruiting, soft: achenes 5 to 10-costate: 3 to 6 dm. high. 1. B. Wrightii Gray. Very smooth and glabrous, diffusely branching, sparsely leaved: slender branches terminated by solitary heads: leaves linear, 1-nerved, small, the uppermost linear-subulate: involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, its bracts lance- olate, gradually acuminate, conspicuously scarious-margined, with a green back: pappus fulvous or sometimes purplish, 4 times the length of the scabrous-glandular 8 to 10-nerved achene.—Western Texas. 2. B. Texana Gray. Glabrous, with many nearly simple rigid stems from a woody base, leafy to the top, where it bears a few corymbosely disposed heads: leaves 2.5 to 5 cm. long, linear, 1-nerved, rather rigid: involucre 6 mm. long, of firmer and narrower merely acute bracts: achenes smoother.—Forming large patches in dry prairies. ** Pappus of the fertile flowers more or less copious, but uniserial or nearly so, conspic- uously elongating in fruit, soft and fine, mostly flaccid and bright white : achenes 10- nerved: shrubs 9 to 86 dm. high. 3. B. halimifolia L. Cauline leaves from dilated-obovate to oblong with cuneate base, attenuate into a petiole, laciniately or angulately 3 to 9-toothed, those of the flowering branchlets becoming lanceolate and mostly entire: heads in peduncu- late and paniculate glomerules (3 to 5 together): involucre of male heads only 4 mm. long, of oblong-ovate obtuse bracts; of the female rather longer and narrower, the inner bracts linear-lanceolate and acute.—Along the seacoast from New England to the Rio Grande. 4. B.salicina Torr. & Gray. Leaves mostly subsessile, from oblong to linenr- lanceolate, sparingly toothed, rarely entire: heads or glomerules pedunculate: involucre of both sexes nearly 6 mm. long, of mainly ovate and acutish bracts.— On the Rio Grande near El Paso. 5. B, angustifolia Michx. Rather strict: leaves narrowly linear (larger 5 to 8 em. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide), entire or with few denticulations; some lower ores broadly lanceolate and more serrate: heads ‘or glomerules short-pedunculate, amply paniculate: involucre 4 mm. long, of oblong-ovate or lanceolate bracts, the outer obtuse, innermost acute.—Brackish marshes along or near the Rio Grande. 201 ""™* Pappus of the fertile flowers not flaccid, little if at all elongated in fruit, not very copious: achenes only 5-nerved (occasionally 4-nerved). + Involucral bracts From oblong to linear, rather firm and with green center or costa, 6. B. Bigelovii Gray. Stems copiously and loosely branched, 3 to 6 dm. high : leaves somewhat rigid, from linear to oblong and the broader ones sometimes petioled, irregu- larly serrate, commonly obtuse: heads over 4 mm. high, numerous in a cymose pani- cle: bristles of the male pappus thickened and barbellate at the tip.—In the Che- nate Mountains. 7. B. Havardi Gray. Stems copiously branched, slender: leaves hardly at all rigid; lower linear-oblanceolate and tapering into a slender petiole, laciniate- pinnatifid into several irregular slender-subulate lobes 3 those of the branchlets narrowly linear, 2 or 3-toothed or entire: heads loosely paniculate, only the male known, these barely 4 mm. high: involucral bracts oblong: pappus-br.stles rigid, clavellate.—Guadalupe Mountains. + + Involucral bracts broader, thin-chartaceous, destitute of green center or distinct costa. 8. B. glutinosa Pers. Stems herbaceous above but woody towards the base, 9 to 30 dm. high: leaves elongated-lanceolate, serrate with few or scattered teeth oneach side: heads mostly 6 mm. long (or the male smaller), numerous and corymbosely cymose at the summit of comparatively simple stems or branches: involucre yellow- ish.—Along streams and in moist ground, western Texas. 34. PLUCHEA Cass. (MARSH-FLEABANE.) Herbs or shrubs, with alternate pinnately veined leaves, cymosely clustered heads of purplish flowers, flowers all tubular, the central per- fect but sterile (with 5-cleft corolla), all the others pistillate and fertile and with a thread-shaped truncate corolla, imbricated involucre, flat naked receptacle, tailed anthers, grooved achenes, and a simple pap- pus of capillary bristles. * Pappus of sterile flowers of more rigid bristles thickened at tip: involucre coriaceous: very leafy sericeous-canescent shrubs. 1. P. borealis Gray. (CACHIMILLA. ARROW-WOOD.) Much branched shrub, willow-like, with cymulose-glomerate heads, silvery with the very close and fine appressed pubescence: leaves entire, linear-lanceolate, sessile, acute at both ends: outerinvolucral bracts ovate, obtuse, tomentose.—Sandy banks of streams, along the Upper Rio Grande. ** Pappus of both kinds of flowers fine and similar, none of the bristles at all thickened at tip: involucral bracts thin : heavy-scented herbs, somewhat pubescent and gland- ular. 2. P. bifrons DC. Perennial, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves closely sessile or half.clasp- ing, oblong to lanceolate, sharply denticulate, veiny, 5 to 7.5 em. long: heads clus- tered in a corymb: involucral bracts lanceolate.— Wet soil, extending in the low coast country from New Jersey to southern Texas. ; 3. F. camphorata DC. Annual, pale, 6 to 15 dm. high: leaves scarcely petioled, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, thickish, obscurely veiny, serrate: corymb flat: invola- cral bracts ovate to lanceolate (P. fetida DC.).—In salt marshes or moist saline soil throughout Texas. 35. PTHROCAULON Ell. (BLACK-ROOT.) Perennial herbs, tomentose-canescent except the upper face of the sessile pinnately veined leaves (these decurrent on the whole stem, forming wings), small sessile whitish heads spicate at the summit of the 2816—02-——_14 202 stem and virgate branches, heads and flowers as in Pluchea, but invo- luere of fewer and linear or subulate bracts. 1. P. virgatum DC. Root fusiform and fibrose: stem slender, simple or with virgate branches: leaves linear and very acute, entire, or the lower cauline lanceo- late and obscurely serrulate: heads narrow, in separated glomerules, forming a vir- gate and elongated interrupted spike-like inflorescence: involucre appressed-tomen- tose.—Open pine woods near Houston (Lindheimer), and Sutherland Springs, Wilson County (Palmer). 36. EVAX Gertn. Low densely floccose-woolly annuals, with many-flowered discoid heads, flowers as in Pluchea (the central usually sterile), few woolly in- volucral bracts, convex to subulate chaffy receptacle, the scarious chaff not embracing the smooth dorsally compressed achenes, anthers with tails or acutely sagittate, and no pappus. * Chaff of the female flowers naked ; of the staminate flowers woolly-tipped and somewhat embracing the flowers : heads aggregated in terminal foliose-involucrate glomerules. 1. EB. prolifera Nutt. Rather stout, simple or branching from the base: leaves numerous, small and spatulate: heads cylindraceous or oblong-fusiform, in dense proliferous clusters: staminate flowers each on a filiform stipe representing an abor- tive ovary.—Dry ground, throughout Texas. 2. H. multicaulis DC. Rather slender, diffusely branched from the base: leaves oblanceolate or spatulate: heads globular or ovoid, the capituliform glomerules much smaller and less foliose-involucrate: staminate flowers sessile, without vestige of ovary.—Low ground, throughout Texas. In eastern Texas is var. DRUMMONDIL Gray, 2 slender form with some long woolly hairs on the limb or on the tube of the staminate corollas. ** Chaff of the female flowers externally villous-lanate; of the 5 central flowers very woolly and involute around the lower half of the flower : heads axillary. 3. B. candida Gray. Slender, and with commonlysimple branches, silvery white throughout with appressed wool: heads usually few in a foliose-involucrate cluster and sessile or nearly so in the axils of the spatulate or lanceolate leaves.—Alluvial or sandy ground, from eastern Texas to the central and northwestern part of the State. 37. ANTENNARIA Gertn. (EVERLASTING.) Perennial white-woolly herbs, with entire leaves, corymbed dicecious and discoid heads of yellowish flowers, dry and scarious white or col- ored imbricated involucre, convex or flat naked receptacle, tailed an- thers, terete or flattish achenes, and pappus a single row of bristles (in the fertile flowers capillary, united at base so as to fall in a ring, and in the sterile thickened and club-shaped or barbellate at summit). 1. A. plantaginifolia Hook. (PLANTAIN-LEAVED EVERLASTING.) Spreading by off- sets and runners, low, 7.5 to 45 cm. high: leaves silky-woolly when young, at length green above and hoary beneath; those of the simple and scape-like flowering stems small, lanceolate, appressed; the radical obovate or oval-spatulate, petioled, ample, 3-nerved: heads in a small crowded corymb: involucral bracts of the (mostly white) involucre obtuse in the sterile, and acutish and narrower in the fertile plant.—Com- mon on sterile knolls and banks. 203 88. GNAPHALIUM L. (Cupwerp). Woolly herbs, with sessile or decurrent leaves, clustered or corymbed heads of tubular whitish or yellowish flowers and fertile throughout, dry and scarious white or colored imbricated (in several rows) involu- cral bracts, flat naked receptacle, tailed anthers, terete or flattish achenes, and pappus a single row of capillary rough bristles. * Bristles of the pappus united at the very base into a ring and falling off all together. 1. G. purpureum L. (PURPLISH CUDWEED.) Annual, simple or branched from the base, ascending, 15 to 50cm. high, silvery-canescent with dense white wool: leaves oblong-spatulate, obtuse, not decurrent, green above: heads in sessile clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, and spiked at the wand like summit of the stem: involu- cral bracts tawny, the inner often marked with purple.—Sandy or gravelly soil, throughout Texas. * * Bristles of the pappus distinct. + Involucre more or less involved in wool, the scarious tips of the bracts inconspicuous: heads glomerate and leafy-bracteate, about 2mm. long: low and branching annuals rarely 8 dm, high. 2. G. palustre Nutt. Loosely floccose with long wool, erect, at length diffuse or weak: leaves (6 to 10mm. wide) spatulate or the uppermost oblong or lanceolate: tips of the linear involucral bracts white, obtuse.—In moist ground, southern and western Texas. ++ Involucre woolly only at dase, the bracts mainly scarious and from white to brownish straw-color (rarely tinged with rose): heads paniculately or corymbosely cymose or glomerate at the summit of the leafy stem and branches: erect herbs $ to 9 dm. high. ++ Leaves not at all decurrent, narrowed at base. 3. G. polycephalum Michx. (COMMON EVERLASTING). Erect woolly annual (wool more or less caducous) 3 to 9dm. high, fragrant: leaves lanceolate, with undulate margins, soon bare and green: heads in numerous rather close paniculately or cymosely disposed glomerules: involucre dull white, soon with a rusty tinge, its bracts oblong, obtuse.—Open woods and dry grounds extending from the Atlantic States through Texas to Mexico. 4. G. Wrightii Gray. Diffusely much branched from an apparently perennial root, persistently white- woolly, not glandular: leaves from spatulate to lanceolate: heads 4 to 6mm. long, very numerous in small cymosely paniculate glomerules on loose spreading or diverging branchlets: involucre grayish-white, very woolly at base, its bracts oblong and obtuse, but most of them (at least the inner) with an acute apiculation.—Dry ground, central and western Texas. ++ ++ Leaves more or less adnate-decurrent at base. 5. G. Sprengelii Hook. & Arn. Stems usually stout, 15 to 750m. high from an annual or biennial root: leaves lanceolate or linear, or the lowest narrowly spatulate, densely and persistently white-woolly (sometimes more thinly floccose), slightly if at all glandular or heavy-scented, the short decurrent bases or adnate auricles rather broad: involucre white or with barely greenish-yellowish tinge, becoming slightly rusty in age. Moist or dry ground west of the Pecos. 6. G decurrens Ives. Stem stout, corymbosely branched atsummit, 6 to 9 dm. high from an apparently annualor biennial root: leaves very numerous, strongly bal- gnmic-scented, lanceolate or the upper linear, obviously adnate-decurrent, white- woolly beneath or rarely glabrate, the upper face becoming naked and green in age and with the stem glandular: involucre white, usually becoming rusty-tinged.— se fe te coacopunluil Gray. Very white with close wool, except the upper sur- face of the leaves: stems 3 to 6 dm. high, strict, mostly simple, very leafy and bal- 204 samic-scented from a woody perennial root: stem-leaves all narrowly linear, small, attenuate-acute, commonly erect, hardly broader at the short-decurrent base, viscid- glandular above: involucre much-imbricated, pure pearly white, the bracts thin- papery.—Dry water courses, extreme western Texas. 39. POLYMNIA L. (LEAF-cUP.) Tall branching viscid-hairy perennial herbs (exhaling a heavy odor), with large thin opposite (or uppermost alternate) lobed leaves with dilated stipular-like appendages at base, broad many-flowered radiate heads in panicled coryimbs, pistillate rays and perfect but sterile disk- flowers, involucral bracts iu 2 rows (the outer about 5, leaf-like, large and spreading; the inner small and membranaceous, partly embracing the thick triangular-obovoid achenes), flat membranous-chaffy recep- tacle, and no pappus. 1. P. Uvedalia L. Roughish-hairy, stout, 12 to30 dm. high: leaves broadly ovate, angled and toothed, nearly sessile; the lower palmately lobed, abruptly narrowed into a winged petiole: outer involucral bracts very large: rays 10 to 15, linear- oblong, much longer than theinner involucral bracts, yellow: achenes strongly striate.—Fertile or moist ground, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas. 40. MELAMPODIUM L. Branching herbs, with opposite mostly sessile leaves, pedunculate heads terminating the branches or in the forks, short or conspicuous fertile rays, perfect but sterile disk-flowers, a double strongly dimor- phous involucre (exterior of 4 or 5 leafy plane bracts; interior of a single series of small bracts which completely and permanently inclose the obovate more or less compressed and incurved smooth and glabrous achenes with a pericarp-like indurated accessory covering), convex or conical chaffy receptacle, and no pappus. 1. M. cinereum DC. Branched from the base, cinereous or even silvery canes- cent with a fine and mostly close pubescence, or greener and becoming strigulose: leaves linear or the lower lanceolate or spatulate, entire or undulate or even sinuate- pinnatifid: ligules 5 to 9, cuneate-oblong, 2 or 3-lobed at apex, conspicuously ex- serted, white: fructiferous bracts nearly terete, somewhat incurved, muricate with sharp tubercles, the truncate and usually even margin of its hood commonly in- curved.—Open ground throughout Texas. Var. RAMOSISSIMUM Gray (M. ramosissi- mum DC.) is more loosely pubescent, with mostly smaller heads, and the hood of the fructiferous bracts with less thickened margin little or not at all involute, sometimes erose or denticulate and bearing a mucro or short cusp.—Southern borders of Texas. 41. DICRANOCARPUS Gray. Branching nearly glabrous annual, with opposite ternately divided leaves, 3 or 4 narrow involucral bracts, 3 or 4 fertile ray-flowers with very small ligules, 3 or 4 perfect but sterile disk-flowers, flat and scari- ous-chaffy receptacle, and dimorphous achenes (1 or 2 elongated to twice or thrice the length of the involucre, subulate to oblong-linear, nearly smooth, puberulent, long-persistent, tipped with 2 divaricate 205 stout persistent naked rigids awns or horns; the others shorter, thicker, often tuberculate-rugose, the truncate apex bearing a pair of very short divaricate horns or hardly any). 1. D. parviflorus Gray. Leaves 1 to 2-ternately divided into filiform lobes, or the uppermost nearly simple: heads more or less pedunculate and paniculate, terminat- ing slender branches, in flower 2 mm. long, yellowish: longest achenes 8 mm. and their horns often 6 mm. long. (Heterospermum dicranocarpum Gray.)—Western Texas, near the Pecos. 42. SILPHIUM L. (ROSIN-WEED.) Coarse and tall rough perennial herbs, with resinous juice, large corymbose-panicled yellow and many-flowered radiate heads, nu- merous pistillate and fertile, perfect but sterile disk-flowers, involucral bracts imbricated in several rows (thickish, broad, with loose leaflike summits, except the innermost, which resemble the linear chaff of the flat receptacle), broad and flat achenes surrounded by a wing notched at top, without pappus, or with 2 teeth confluent with the winged margin. * Stem from quadrangular to terete : leaves all or some of them opposite, entire or serrate: achenes with a broad wing. + All but lower leaves sessile : stems 6 to 12 dm. high, very leafy to the top : achenes with a deep narrow notch. 1. S. integrifolium Michx. Stem smooth or scabrous, sometimes rough-hispidu- lous: leaves entire or denticulate, lanceolate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate; all the upper ones closely sessile by a broad and roundish or subcordate partly clasping base, and tapering from below the middle to an acute apex, scabrous above, from nearly gla- brous and smooth to cinereous-pubescent beneath, 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long: heads some- what corymbose, nearly all short-peduncled: involucre over 12 mm. high: achenes broadly obovate, the body 8 mm. long, the scarious wing 2mm. or so wide (at least toward the summit. )—Prairies of Texas, at least as far west as Gillespie County. 2. S. asperrimum Hook. Commonly taller: stem rough-hispid: leaves of the pre- ceding but more scabrous: heads generally larger: achenes with broader wings, the triangular apical portions 4 to 6 mm. high.—Plains of Texas. a 3. S. scaberrimum Ell. Stem and commonly both sides of the leaves hispid: leaves in remoter pairs, oblong or ovate, all but the uppermost rather coarsely ser- rate and with narrowed or even short petiole-like base (the larger 10 to 15 cm. long): heads fewer, more pedunculate: rays 2.5 cm. long: achenes (including broad wing) nearly orbicular in outline, 12 mm. in diameter.—Extending from Louisiana into Texas as far west as Gillespie County. ++ Leaves rather few on the slender stem, the lower slender-petioled, often alternate: achenes with a comparatively shallow notch. 4, S. gracile Gray. Hispidulous: stem3to7.5 dm. high, rather naked, terminated by solitary or few mostly long-pedunculate heads: leaves membranaceous, ovate- oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends, denticulate; radical and lower 5 : ine from 1 to 5 cm.long: achenes ine ample (12.5 to 22.5 cm. long); upper cauline g ae = di broadly oval.—Prairies of central Texas. Sometimes the leaves are all alternate. * * Stem terete, with alternate deeply pinnatifid or bipinnatifid coriaceous leaves : achenes with a narrow wing. 5. S.laciniatum L. (ComMpass-PLANT.) Rough-bristly throughout: stem stout, 9 te 36 dm. high, leafy: leaves pinuately parted, petioled, but dilated and clasping 206 at the base; their divisions lanceolate or linear, acute, cut-lobed or pinnatifid, rarely entire: heads few, 2.5 to 5 cm. broad, sessile or short-peduncled along the naked summit: rays bright yellow: involucral bracts ovate, tapering into long and spreading rigid points: achenes glabrous or nearly 60, broadly winged and deeply notched, with noawns.—Prairies of Texas. The lower and root-leaves are vertical (3 to 7.5 dm. long), and on wide open prairies disposed to present their edges north and south, hence called ‘“ compass-plant.” 6. S. albiflorum Gray. Low, 3 to 9 dm. high, very scabrous: leaves rigid, as broad as long, more disposed to pedate division, the dilated base of petiole entire: rays white: achenes puberulent; the narrow wing produced and dilated at summit into somewhat triangular teeth which are adnate to a pair of subulate and more or less projecting awns; the notch narrow.—On rocks, northern and western Texas. 43. BERLANDIERA DC. Alternate-leaved perennials, with pedunculate heads, and characters of Silphium, but the 5 to 12 fertile ray-flowers in a single series, thin- ner involucral bracts in about 3 series (the inner dilated-obovate, exceeding the disk, the outer smaller and more foliaceous), obovate achenes not winged or notched at apex, and no pappus. * Stems leafy to the inflorescence of rather numerous and short-peduncled heads : leaves crenate, some or all the cauline cordate. 1. B. Texana DC. Hirsute-tomentose or villous, 6 to 9 dm. high, very leafy: cau- line leaves from oblong-cordate to subcordate-lanceolate, greenish, merely cinereous beneath, somewhat scabrous above; upper closely sessile, lower short petioled: heads usually fastigiate-cymose.—Margins of woods and hillsides, eastern and central Texas. 2. B. tomentosa Nutt. Canescent throughout with soft and close tomentum, no hirsute or villous hairs, when glabrous hardly at all scabrous, 3to6dm. high: leaves all obtuse, green above, generally whitish beneath; radical and lower cauline elon- gated-oblong and petioled; upper cauline usually ovate-oblong or oval, sometimes cordate-ovate, short-petioled or sessile: heads fewer.—Dry pine barrens of the Gulf States, but represented in eastern and central] Texas by var. DEALBATA Torr. & Gray, which is more robust and leafy, 6 to 9 dm. high, branching at summit and bearing more numerous and shorter-peduncled heads, broader and more sessile cauline leaves densely white-tomentose beneath, broadly cordate lower leaves, and often deltoid upper ones.—Varies from very soft canescent to less caneseent and leaves scabrous above. ** Stems mostly low and with long monocephalous peduncles (earliest often scapiform ; the later from leafy stems or branches): leaves all attenuate at base, pinnatifid. 3. B. lyrata Benth. Canescent with minute white or gray tomentum: leaves at length greenish above, variously lyrate-pinnatifid; the lateral lobes oblong or nar- rower, obtusely dentate, sometimes incised: achenes obovate, the costa of the inner face strongly carinate.—Plains and hills of western Texas. 44, LINDHEIMERA Gray & Engelm. Erect annual, with sessile leaves, 4 or 5 radiate fertile flowers and rather numerous sterile ones, double involucre (outer of 4 or 5 loose and foliaceous narrow lanceolate bracts; inner of as many larger ovate- oblong herbaceous bracts), small chaffy receptacle (its inner scales chaffy and nearly plane; the outer more herbaceous and inclosing the filiform abortive ovary which forms a long pedicel to the sterile flower), 207 oval or oblong almost entire ligules, obovate flat achenes costate on the middle of each face and surrounded by a cartilaginous entire wing which is confluent at apex with two triangular-subulate rigid teeth or horns, a similar but smaller and naked tooth projecting from the sum- mit of the ventral costa. 1. L. Texana Gray & Engelm. Hirsute or hispid, branching above, bearing loosely cymose usually slender-pedunculate heads: lower leaves spatulate to cuneate- ovate, alternate, coarsely sinuate-dentate; upper ovate to ovate-lanceolate, with a broad closely sessile base, acuminate, commonly entire, mainly opposite, thin edges and also the peduncles usually beset with some small tack-shaped glands.—Open woods and river bottoms, western Texas. 45. ENGELMANNIA Torr. & Gray. A coarse hispid perennial, with alternate deeply pinnatifid leaves, somewhat paniculately disposed heads of yellow flowers on slender naked peduncles, pistillate and fertile ray-flowers and perfect but ster- ile disk-flowers, involucre of about 10 outer loose foliaceous bracts (more or less dilated and coriaceous at base) and several firm-coriaceous oval or obovate concave inner ones with short abrupt green tips, flat receptacle with firm and persistent chaff, flat obovate wingless achenes, and pappus a firm scarious more or less lobed hispid crown. 1. E. pinnatifida Torr. & Gray. Stems3 to 6 dm. high: heads 12 mm. broad: rays 12 mm. long.—Prairies and rocky hills throughout Texas. “Common on the high prairies of western Texas, said to be poisonous” (Havard). 46. PARTHENIUM L. Shrubs or herbs, with alternate leaves, small corymbed inconspicu- ously radiate heads of whitish flowers, 5 pistillate and fertile ray-flow- ers with very short and broad obcordate ligules not projecting beyond the woolly disk, sterile disk-flowers, hemispherical involucre of 2 ranks of short ovate or roundish scales, conical chaffy receptacle, and ob- compressed achenes (only in the ray) surrounded by a slender callous margin and crowned with the persistent ray-corolla and a pappus of 2 small chaffy scales. * Herbaceous, with membranaceous once or twice pinnatifid leaves. 1. P. Hysterophorus L. From an annual root, 3 to 6 dm. high, diffuse, strigosely pubescent (sometimes also hirsute),generally green: headsin a loose and open naked panicle: cauline leaves of broadly ovate outline, pinnately parted into 5 to 9 mostly narrow again pinnatifid lobes; of the flowering branches linear or lanceolate and entire or few-lobed: pappus of 2 rather large and roundish scales.—Throughout eastern and central Texas, Dr. Havard remarks that it is “one of the commonest weeds about the streets of San Antonio.” 2. P.lyratum Gray. From a perennial root, 3 dm. high, canescent or cinereous with fine and close sometimes also loose hirsute pubescence, erect: heads corym- bosely crowded, more pubescent: leaves of obovate or oblong outline, lyrately pin- natifid, the lobes short and oblong. (P. Hysterophorus var. lyratum Gray.)—South- ern and western Texas. 208 ** More or less shrubby, with firmer and more simply lobed leaves. 3. P.incanum HBK. Shrubby, 3 to9dm. high, much branched, canescent with fine tomentum: leaves mostly obovate in outline, sinuately-pinnatifil into 3 to 7 oblong or roundish and obtuse lobes: heads numerous, paniculate-cymose: ligules commonly longer than broad: pappus a pair of short-subulate erect or at length spreading awns.—Dry hills of extreme western Texas. 4. P. argentatum Gray. Suffrutescent, 3 dm. high, silvery-canescent with close tomentum: branches erect, rather leafless above, bearing comparatively large aud few heads: leaves lanceolate to spatulate in ontline, some entire or incisely 2 or 8-toothed; the larger incisely pinnatifid into 2 to 7 acute lateral lobes: pappus a pair of lanceolate chaffy awns.—Southwestern borders of Texas. *** Perennial herb, with larger heads and leaves, the latier undivided and thickish. 5. P. integrifolium L. Rough-pubescent, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves oblong or ovate, crenate-toothed, or the lower (7.5 to 15 cm. long) cut-lobed below the middle: heads many in a very dense flat corymb.—Dry ground, extending into Texas from the Eastern States. 47. IVA L, (MarsH ELDER. HIGHWATER-SHRUB.) Herbaceous or shrubby coarse plants, with thickish leaves (lower opposite), small nodding greenish-white discoid heads, the pistillate fertile and staminate sterile flowers in the same heads (the former few and marginal), nearly separate anthers, few and roundish involucral bracts, small receptacle with narrow chaff, obovoid or lenticular achenes, and no pappus. * Heads in panicled spikes, scarcely bracteate: corolla of the 5 fertile flowers a mere rudi- ment or none, 1. I. dealbata Gray. Canescent with floccose wool except the elongated and nar- row terminal panicle, 3 to 6 dm, high: leaves mostly alternate, soft-tomentose, from obscurely angulate-toothed to laciniately pinnatifid, cuneately or abruptly con- tracted at base into a short winged petiole: heads nearly sessile: involucre of 5 obovate concave somewhat herbaceous bracts.—Valleys of southwestern Texas. 2. I. ambrosizefolia Gray. Hirsute or villous-hispid, paniculately branched, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves almost all alternate, thin, twice or thrice pinnately parted into small oblong lobes: heads pedicellate, in looser panicles: involucre of 5 broadly ovate herbaceous outer bracts, and as many smaller obovate thin-scarious inner ones. (Euphrosyne ambrosiefolia Gray.)—Western borders of Texas. * * Heads spicate or racemose in the axils of leaves or leaf-like bracts: fertile flowers with evident corolla. 3. I. ciliata Willd, Annnal, 6 to 18 dm. high, rough and hairy: leaves ovate, pointed, coarsely toothed, downy beneath, on slender ciliate petioles: heads in dense spikes, with conspicuous ovate-lanceolate rough-ciliate bracts: involucral bracts and fertile flowers 3 to 5.—In alluvial ground throughout Texas. 4. I. frutescens L. Shrubby at base, nearly smooth, 9 to 24dm. high: leaves oval or lanceolate, coarsely and sharply toothed, rather fleshy, the upper reduced to linear bracts in the axils of which the heads are disposed in leafy panicled racemes: involu- cral bracts and fertile flowers 5.—Salt marshes, from the New England coast to Texas. 5. I. angustifolia Nutt. Slender erect annual, strigulose-scabrous or somewhat hirsute, 6 to 12 dm. high: lower leaves lanceolate (some of them sparingly serrate) ; those of the branches from linear to filiform, the bracteal ones ascending and sur- passing the numerous small 3 to 6-flowered subsessile heads which are rather crowded and spicate: involucral bracts united by scarious edges into a cup: fertile flowers usually solitary.—Gravelly banks or beds of streams throughout eastern and central Texas. 209 6. I. asperifolia L. Low, 1.5 to 3 dm. high: leaves narrowly lanccolate, narrowed towards the base, strigose, very entire: heads small, spicate, excceded by the brac- teal lewes : involuere gamophyllous, obpyramidal, 3-angled, 3-toothed.—A Mexican species, extending trom the vicinity of Vera Cruz to Galveston (J. E. Bodin). 48. HYMENOCLEA Torr. & Gray. Low and much-branched shrubby minutely canescent or glabrous plants, with slender diffuse branches bearing profuse scattered or glom- erate paniculate small heads (the two sexes intermixed or the female in lower axils), alternate and linear-filiform leaves (the lower sparingly and irregularly pinnately parted), sterile involucre gamophyllous and saucer-shaped, involucre to the solitary fertile flower ovoid or fusiform (beaked at apex and the lower part furnished with 9 to 12 dilated and silvery-scarious persistent transverse wings), turgid achenes, and no pappus. 1. H. monogyra Torr. & Gray. Fructiferous involucre 4 mm. long, winged only at the middle by a whorl of obovate or rhombic-reniform radiating scales.—West of the Pecos. : 49. AMBROSIA Tourn. (RAGWEED). Coarse homely weeds, with opposite or alternate lobed or dissected leaves, inconspicuous greenish flowers, sterile and fertile flowers in different heads on the same plant, the fertile 1 to 3 together and sessile in the axil of leaves or bracts at the base of the racemes or spikes of sterile heads, sterile involucres flattish or top-shaped (of 7 to 12 bracts. united into a cup), almost separate anthers, fertile involucre (fruit) ob- long or top-shaped (closed, pointed, resembling an achene and usually with 4 to 8 tubercles or horns near the top in one row) and inclosing a single flower consisting of a pistil only, ovoid achenes, and no pappus. * Sterile heads sessile in a dense spike, the top-shaped involucre extended on one side into a large lanceolate hooded bristly-hairy tooth or appendage: fertile involucre oblong and 4-angled. 1, A. bidentata Michx. Hairy, 3 to 9 dm. high, very leafy: leaves alternate, lanceolate, partly clasping, nearly entire except a short lobe or tooth on each side near the base: fruit with 4 stout spines and a central boak.—Prairies and alluvial ground, from the prairie States throughout Texas to Mexico. * * Sterile heads in single or panicled racemes or spikes, the involuore regular. + Leaves opposite, ample, palmately cleft: sterile involucre 3-ribbed on one side. 2. A. trifida L. (GREAT RAGWEED.) Stem stout, 9 to 50 dm, high, rongh-hairy, as are the large deeply 3-lobed leaves, the lobes oval-lanceolate and serrate; petioles margined: fruit obovate, 8 to 10 mm. long, Bae 6-ribbed, terminating vbove in spinous tubercles around the conical beak.—Moist river banks, throughout eastern Sag ae. Like the preceding, but petioles not margined, larger leaves commonly 5-lobed (the middle lobe often 3-cleft), sterile racemes more numerous and paniculate, fruit smaller (4 to 6 mm. long), 4 to 8-ribbed and with 4 to 6 short or ob- solete tubercles.—Low grounds in southern and western Texas. ° 210 ++ Leaves many of them alternate, all once or twice pinnatifid. 4. A. artemisizfolia L. (ROMAN woRMWooD. HoG-WEED. BITTER-WEED.) Much branched, 3 to 9 dm. high, hairy or roughish-pubescent: leaves thin, twice- pinnatifid, smoothish above, paler or hoary beneath: fruit obovoid or globular, armed with about 6 short acute teeth or spines.—A common weed of waste grounds. Ex- tremely variable. 5. A. psilostachya DC. Paniculate-branched, 6 to 15 dm. high, rough and some- what hoary with short hispid hairs: leaves once-pinnatifid, thickish, the lobes acute, those of the lower leaves often incised: fruit obovoid, without tubercles or with very small ones, pubescent.—Moist prairies and beds of streams, central and western Texas. 50. FRANSERIA Cav. Herbs or shrubby plants, with chiefly alternate leaves, male heads as in Ambrosia (or sometimes intermixed with the female), fertile involucre 1 to 4-flowered, 1 to 4-celled (a single pistil to each cell), 1 to 4-beaked, more or less bur-like (being armed over the surface with several prickles or spines in more than one series), turgid achenes, and no pappus. 1, F. tenuifolia Gray. Herbaceous, erect, 3 to 15 dm. high, leafy to the top, his- pid, variously pubescent, or glabrate: leaves mostly 2 or 3-pinnately parted or dis- sected into narrowly oblong or linear lobes, and the narrow primary rhachis often with some interposed small lobes, the terminal elongated: fruiting involucre seldom over 2mm. long (1 or 2-flowered), armed with 6 to 18 short and stout incurving spines with tips almost always hooked.—Moist grounds, southern and western Texas. : 2. F. Hookeriana Nutt. Herbaceous and low, diffusely spreading, freely branched, hirsute-pubescent or hispid, sometimes canescent when young: leaves of ovate or roundish outline, bipinnatifid, or the upper oblong and pinnatifid: fruit- ing involucre 6 to 8 mm. long (1-flowered), armed with flat and thin long and straight spines.—Plains and along streams, western Texas. 51. XANTHIUM Tourn. (CocKLEBUR. CLOTBUR.) Coarse weeds, with low and branching stout stems, alternate toothed or lobed petioled leaves, sterile and fertile flowers in different heads (the latter clustered below, the former in short spikes or racemes above), sterile involucres and flowers as in Ambrosia, but the bracts separate and the receptacle cylindrical, fertile involucre closed, coria- ceous, clothed with hooked prickles (so as to form a rough bur), 2- celled and 2-flowered, oblong flat achenes, and no pappus. * Leaves attenuate to both ends, with triple spines at the base. 1. X. spinosum L. (SPINY cCLoTBUR.) Hoary-pubescent: stems slender, with slender yellow 3-parted spines at the axils: leaves lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, tapering to a short petiole, white-downy beneath, often 2 or 3-loved or cut: fruit 8 mm. long, pointed with a single short beak.—A tropical American weed, introduced into eastern and southern Texas. * * Leaves cordate or ovate, 3-nerved, dentate and often lobed, long-petiolate: axils un- armed : fruit 2-beaked. 2. X. Strumarium L. Low, 3 to 6 dm. high: fruit 12 to 16 mm. long, glabrous or puberulent, with usually straight beaks and rather slender spines.—A common weed of cultivated grounds. 211 3. X. Canadense Mill. Stouter, the stem often brown-punctate: fruit about 2.5 em. long, densely prickly and more or less hispid, the stout beaks usually hooked or incurved.—Alluvial shores and waste grounds. Var. ECHINATUM Gray is usually low, with still deuser and longer conspicuously hirsute or hispid prickles. Reported not only from the seacoast, but from Gillespie County. 52. ZINNIA L. Herbaceous or slightly shrubby plants, with opposite and mostly sessile entire leaves, single and showy heads terminating the branches, ligulate and tertile ray-flowers (the ligule persistent on the achene and becoming papery), perfect and fertile disk-flowers, involucre of closely appressed-imbricated dry and firm broad bracts, chaff of the (at length) conical or cylindraceous receptacle conduplicate around the disk- flowers, disk-achenes compressed, and pappus (when present) of erect awns or chaffy teeth. * Annual herb: leaves from ovate to lanceolate: ray-flowers usually without pappus. 1. Z. pauciflora L. Leaves commonly with subcordate base, scabrous: ligules from obovate to narrowly spatulate, red, purple, or yellow: disk-achencs 1-awned, sometimes with a rudiment of a second awn or tooth.—Apparently throughout Texas. "* Somewhat woody and tufted perennials: leaves narrow and rigid, connate-sessile: ray- achenes 2 to 4-aristate. + Ligules shorter than or little surpassing the disk, sometimes wanting: stems mainly herbaceous. 2. Z. anomala Gray. Scabrous hispid: stems or branches very numerous from a woody base, 10 to 20 em. high: leaves linear (1 to 2.5 cm. long, less than 4 mm. wide), 1-nerved (obscurely 3-nerved at base): peduncle shorter than the uppermost leaves: involucre 12 mm. long: ligules oval or oblong, 2 to 6mm. long, yellow or orange (occasionally the whole corolla wanting).—South western Texas. + + Ligules ample, dilated obovate or roundish, light yellow (becoming white in age): stems or branches from a stout woody base or branching caudex. 3. Z. grandiflora Nutt. Scabro-hispidulous: leaves linear, 3-nerved at base: in- involucre usually 8 mm. long: ligules (at maturity) 10 to 16 mm. long.—Plains and bluffs southwestern Texas. 4, Z, pumila Gray. Cinereous-puberulent: leaves very narrowly linear (12 mm. or less long, hardly 1mm. wide), 1-nerved: involucre 4 to 6 mm. long: ligules 4 to 8 mm. long.—High plains and table lands of western Texas. 5. Z. acerosa Gray. Cinereous-pubescent or glabrate: leaves acerose-filiform, very obscurely 1-nerved, 12 mm. or wore long: ligules 6 to 12 mm. long.—Mountains west of the Pecos. 53. SANVITALIA Lam. Mostly low and branching herbs, with opposite mostly entire and petioled leaves, small heads terminating the branches, fertile ray and disk-flowers, persistent ligules (becoming papery), short and broad (dry or partly herbaceous) involucral bracts, flat to subulate-conical re- ceptacle with concave or partly conduplicate chafly bracts, ray-achenes commonly 3-sided with the angles produced into as many thick and rigid divergent awns or horns, disk achenes various (ours compressed- quadrangular and wingless), with pappus of 1 or 2 slender awns or teeth or none. 212 1. S. ocymoides DC. Diffusely spreading, hispidulous or hirsute: leaves oval, obtuse, abruptly contracted into the petiole: involucral bracts in 2 or 3 series, their tips commonly herbaceous: chaff soft or shorter than the flowers: disk commonly dark: rays yellow (turning whitish), their achenes mostly triangular and with 3 slender-subulate diverging awns: disk achenes sometimes 1 or 2-awned.—Along the Rio Grande. 2. S. Aberti Gray. Erect with ascending branches, minutely pubescent or his- pidulous, glabrate: leaves lanceolate or nearly linear, narrowed into a margined petiole: involucre a single series of dry bracts: chaff conspicuous, with rigid cuspi- date tips: disk pale: rays white, their achenes almost terete and with 3 very short and stout nearly conical awns or tubercles: disk-achenes awnless, or sometimes minutely 1-awned.—Southwestern Texas. 54. TETRAGONOTHECA Dill. Erect perennial herbs, with opposite coarsely-toothed leaves (their sessile bases sometimes connate), large single radiate heads of pale yellow flowers on terminal peduncles, double involucre (the outer of 4 large and leafy ovate bracts united below into a 4-angled or winged cup; the inner of small chaffy bracts as many as the ray-flowers and partly clasping their achenes), convex or conical receptacle with narrow and membranaceous chaff, 4-sided achenes with truncate summit, and pap- pus of numerous small chaffy scales or wanting. 1. T. Texana Gray & Engelm. Minutely pubescent or glabrate: stems slender, 3 to 6 dm. high: cauline leaves laciniately pinnatifid or incised, 5 to 7.5 em. long; the lower tapering into margined connate petioles; upper with winged petioles or bases dilated at insertion and usually connate around the stem into a tovthed disk: peduncles elongated (10 to 25 cm. long): rays 7 to 9: pappus none, or very minute, or sometimes of numerous subulate chaffy scales almost as long as the breadth of the achene.—Rocky ground, throughout southern Texas. 2. T. Ludoviciana Gray. Glabrous or nearly so: stem rather stout, 6 to 12 dm. high: leaves ovate or oblong, ample (the larger 10 to 20 em. long), saliently and acutely dentate, the lowest on winged petioles, upper all connate by mostly broad bases into a large perfoliate disk: peduncles mostly longer than the leaves: rays 10 to 12: achenes crowned with a conspicuous pappus of rigid oval or oblong chaffy scales as long as the breadth of the truncate summit.—Sandy soil, extending from Louisiana to western Texas. A depauperate or dwarf form of the southern coast of Texas and extending west of San Antonio is var. REPANDA Gray, which flowers sometimes from near the ground, the leaves therefore petioled, and the upper with perfoliate disk of united bases of the petioles. 55. SCLEROCARPUS Jacq. Strigose-pubescent herbs, with branching stems, alternate or opposite leaves, terminal pedunculate radiate heads of yellow flowers, neutral ray and fertile disk-flowers, involucre of rather few distinct and more or less herbaceous bracts (the outer loose and spreading), convex or conical reveptacle with its coriaceous or cartilaginous chaff closely investing the achenes as a permanent accessory covering, and pappus a short crown or ring or none. 1. S. uniserialis Gray. Annual, 3 to 6 dm. high, loosely branched: leaves all alternate, slender-petioled, deltoid- or rhombic-ovate, or uppermost lanceolate, 213 coarsely dentate, the strigose pubescence of the lower face canescent: loose involn- cral bracts nearly in a single series: fructiferous bracts cartilaginous or bony, terete, in age often tuberculate. (Gymnopsis wniserialis Hook. Aldama uniserialis Gray).— Moist or shady ground, southern and western Texas, 56. ECLIPTA L. An annual rough herb, with slender stems, opposite leaves, solitary small radiate heads of white flowers, perfect and fertile (4-toothed) disk- flowers, 10 to 12 leaf-like ovate-lanceolate involucral bracts in 2 rows, flat receptacle with almost bristle-form chaff, short 3 or 4-sided (or latterally flattened in the disk) achenes hairy at summit, and pappus none or an obscure denticulate crown. 1. EB. alba Hassk. Rough with fine appressed hairs: stems procumbent or ascend- ing, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves lanceolate or oblong, acute at each end, mostly sessile, slightly serrate: rays equaling the disk. (. procumbens Michx.)—Shores and river banks, throughout Texas. 57. VARILLA Gray. Shrubby glabrous plants, with linear and narrow entire and sessile thickish or fleshy leaves, pedunculate rather small discoid heads of yel- low flowers (solitary in ours), all the flowers perfect and fertile, short involucre of few small linear-lanceolate appressed-imbricate bracts sim- ilar to those of the (at length) high conical or oblong receptacle, nar- row linear-oblong terete 8 to 15-nerved achenes, and no pappus (in ours). 1. V. Texana Gray. Low, suffrutescent, much branched and very leafy at base: leaves very succulent, terete, mostly alternate, obtuse: head solitary on a long ter- minal and minutely bracteate peduncle.—Saline soil, from the Nueces to the Rio Grande (as far up as Eagle Pass). 58. ISOCARPHA BR. Br. Herbs, with opposite leaves, small discoid heads of white or whitish flowers (solitary or glomerate at the summit of a naked peduncle), all the flowers perfect and fertile, involucre, receptacle and dry bracts nearly of Varilla, and small 4 or 5-angled little compressed achenes des- titute of pappus. 1. L oppositifolia R. Br. Pubescent: stems slender, 3 to 9 dm. high, paniculately branched: leaves lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, 3-nerved, entire or sparingly denticulate: heads commonly in threes, in fruit 8 to 10mm. long: bracts of involucre and receptacle pointed, becoming rigid and the receptacle columuar.—Along the Rio Grande. 59. SPILANTHES Jacq. Usually spreading or creeping herbs, with opposite serrate leaves, small heads with yellow rays on peduncles terminating the stem and branches, ray and disk-flowers fertile, involucre of few loosely appressed herbaceous bracts, chaff of the (at length) subulate-conical receptacle soft and more or less embracing the achenes, ray-achenes 3-sided or 214 obcompressed, disk-achenes more or less compressed, and pappus a seti- form awn from one or more of the angles or none. 1. S. repens Michx. From hirsute-pubescent to almost glabrous: stems slender, 3 to 6 dm. long: leaves from lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, from sparsely denticulate to serrate, abruptly or gradually contracted at base into a peti- ole: peduncles 5 to 10 cm. long: rays 8 to 12, shorter than the obtusely ovoid disk: achenes oblong, less than 2 mm. long, not flat: pappus none or occasionally 1 or 2 minute awns.—Low or wet ground, extending from the Gulf States into Texas. 60. ECHINACEA Mench. (PURPLE CONE-FLOWER.) Perennial-herbs, with the stout and nearly simple stems naked above and terminated by a single large head, very long and drooping rose- purple sterile rays, lanceolate spreading imbricated involucral bracts, conical receptacle with lanceolate keeled spiny-tipped chaff longer than the purplish disk-flowers, thick and short 4-sided achenes, and pappus a small toothed border. 1. EH. angustifolia DC. Leaves, as well as the slender simple stem, bristly-hairy, lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, attenuate at base, 3-nerved, entire: rays 12 to 15, 5 cm. long, rose-color or red.—Prairies and barrens, extending from the northern plains into northern and central Texas. 61. RUDBECKIA L. (CONE-FLOWER.) Chiefly perennial herbs, with alternate leaves, showy terminal heads with mostly long yellow neutral rays, leaf-like spreading involucral bracts in about 2 rows, conical or columnar receptacle with short ‘con- cave chaff (not rigid), mostly 4-angular achenes, and pappus none or a minute crown-like border. * Achenes nearly terete, not angled, minutely striate, destitute of pappus, and subtended by keeled bracts which are more or less deciudous. 1. R. amplexicaulis Vahl. Smooth and glabrous, leafy, 3 to 6 dm. high from an annual root: leaves strictly 1-ribbed, reticulate-veiny, from entire to sparingly serrate; lower oblong-spatulate and sessile by a tapering base; upper oblong and ovate with cordate-clasping base: rays oblong, 12 mm. or more long, often with a brown-purple base: disk brownish. (Dracopis amplexicaulis Cass.)—Low grounds of Louisiana and Texas. * * Achenes prismatic-quadrangular: bracts persisting on the receptacle. + Disk columnar in fruit, greenish-yellow : leaves entire or barely dentate: chaff pubescent at tip: herbage glabrous: stems simple or nearly so: rays drooping, pure yellow. 2. R.nitida Nutt. Stem 6 to 12 dm. high: leaves bright green, thin-coriaceous, nervose-ribbed, mostly acute, denticulate or entire; radical and lower cauline ovate- spatulate to lanceolate-oblong, tapering into long margined petioles; upper cauline sessile, oblong to lanceolate, 7.5 to 15 cm.long.—Wet ground, extending from the Gulf States into Texas. 3. R. maxima Nutt. Stem 12 to 27 dm. high, and whole plantsmooth and glau- cous: leaves from broadly ovate to oblong, mostly obtuse, repand-denticulate or entire, with numerous pinnate veins, the larger 30 cm. or less long 3 upper cauline subcordate-clasping.—Moist pine woods and plains, extending into Texas from the Gulf States. 215 + + Disk hemispherical to oblong-ovoid in fruit, dark-purple or brown. ++ Lower leaves 3-lobed or parted. 4, R. subtomentosa Pursh. Stem branching above, 9 to 12 dm. high, downy; as well as the petiolate ovate or ovate-lanceolate serrate leaves beneath: heada short-peduncled: disk globular, dull-brown: chaff downy at the blunt apex.—Ex- tending from the northern prairies into Texas. ++ ++ Leaves undivided, rarely laciniately toothed. = Style-tips slender-subulate : achenes wholly destitute of pappus: chaff hairy at tip. 5. R. bicolor Nutt. Hispid with spreading bristly hairs, rather slender, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves from lanceolate to oblong or the lower obovate, nearly entire, 2.5 to 5cm. long, nearly all sessile: rays 12 to 20 mm. long, pure yellow, or with brown purple spots at base, or the lower half deep blackish-purple: disk black.—Pine woods or sandy soil, eastern and southern Texas. 6. R. hirta L. Rough-hispid and hirsute, stouter, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves from oblong to lanceolate, sparingly serrate or nearly entire, 5 to 12.5 cm. long, the lower narrowed into margined petioles: rays 2.5 to 5 cm. long, golden yellow, sometimes deeper-colored toward the base: disk at first nearly black, in age dull brown.—Dry and open ground, throughout Texas. = = Style-tips short and thickened: pappus evident. 7. R. fulgida Ait. Hispid or hirsute, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves from narrowly to oblong-lanceolate, mostly entire; lowest and radical spatulate-lanceolate and taper- ing into slender petioles: rays about 12, golden yellow, equalling or exceeding the ample involucre: chaff of the dark purple disk nearly smooth: pappus a very short commonly 4-toothed crown.—Dry soil, extending into Texas from the Atlantic States. 8. R. alismeefolia Torr. & Gray. Glabrous or minutely scabrous, usually simple, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves oval, obtuse or sometimes acute, obscurely repand-dentate or entire, 7.5 to 15 cm. long, abruptly contracted into the petiole: involucre rather small: rays 10 to 15, light yellow and soon drooping, 2.5 to 5 cm. long: chaff of the browner disk pubescent at tip: pappus a conspicuous cup-shaped irregularly dentate or crenate crown.—Plains and open pine woods of Eastern Texas. 62. LEPACHYS Raf. Perennial herbs, with alternate pinnately divided leaves, the stems or branches naked above and bearing single showy heads with yellow or particolored drooping neutral rays, grayish disk, few small spreading involucral bracts, oblong or columnar receptacle with truncate chaff thickened and bearded at tip and partly embracing the flattened and margined achenes, and pappus none or of 2 teeth. * Achenes with convex or obscurely angled faces, commonly with a scarious and more or less ciliate margin. 1. L. Tagetes Gray. Strigulose-cinereous, 3 dm. high, branching, leafy: leaves thickish mostly with 3 to 7 narrowly linear rather rigid lobes: heads rather short- ediinated: rays 6to 12 mm. long: disk globose to barely oblong, 12 mm. high: pap- ie of 1 or 2 subulate or awn-like deciduous teeth, and no intermediate scales. (L. 43, var. Tagetes Gray.)—Alluvial plains, western Texas. ee aivanane Torr. & Gray. Strigose-scabrous, 3 to 6 dm. high, branching from aie base, terminated by long peduncles bearing a showy head: divisions of the cauline isayee 5 to 9, from oblong to narrowly linear, sometimes 2 to 3-cleft: rays commonly 2.5 cm. long or more, normally all yellow: disk at length columnar, 2.5 em. long or more: pappus of the preceding, but usually with a series of minute and 216 delicate scales around the broad flat summit.—-Plains and prairies of central and western Texas, where the most common form is var. PULCHERRIMA Torr. & Gray, with a part or even the whole upper face of the ray brown-purple. * * Achenes completely flat. 3. L. peduncularis Torr. & Gray. Strigose-scabrous or pubescent and somewhat cinereous, 6 to9 dm. high including the naked peduncle of 3 dm. or more: leaves rather large, irregularly bipinnately parted or pinnately parted, and some of the lobes incisely pinnatifid or toothed: rays obovate, 2.5 cm. or less long and pure yellow, or sometimes only 6 mm. long and particolored: disk cylindrical, the largest 3.5 cm. long: achenes broadly obovate, from narrowly to broadly winged and deeply notched at summit by an extension into 2 unequal chaffy teeth, the notch fringed with small irregular scales.—Low ground. Near the coast, and in sandy woods, is var. Picra Gray, with more cinereous pubescence, simply andlyrately pinnately parted leaves with incised divisions, and rays barely 12mm. long and b-own-purple with a yellow edge. 63. BORRICHIA Adans. (SEA OX-EYE.) Shrubby low coriaceous or fleshy maritime plants, with opposite nearly entire leaves, solitary peduncled terminal heads of yellow flowers, tertile rays, hemispherical involucre with imbricated bracts, flat re- ceptacle covered with lanceolate rigid persistent chaff, wedge-shaped 3 or 4-angled achenes, and pappus a short 4-toothed crown. 1. B. frutescens DC. Whitened with a minute silky pubescence, 1.5 to 9 dm. high: leaves obovate to spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, often toothed near the base: chaff rigidly pointed.—Sandy seacoast of Texas. 64. GYMNOLOMIA HBK. Herbs or shrubby plants, with erect branching stems, alternate or opposite leaves, heads of yellow flowers on peduncles terminating the branches, sterile rays, convex or conical receptacle with chaff either strongly concave or conduplicate and embracing the more or less com- pressed but not margined short and smooth achenes, the truncate apex of which is commonly at length covered by the base of the corolla (the tube of which is usually pubescent), and pappus none or a minute den- ticulate ring. 1. G. multiflora Rothrock. Annual, 3 to 9 dm. high, strigulose-pubescent or scabrous (sometimes also hispid), often much branched: leaves from narrowly linear to lanceolate, either alternate or mainly opposite, entire or obscurely denticulate: achenes compressed, with convex or obtusely angulate sides. (Heliomeris muliifiora Nutt).—Abundant in western Texas. Very polymorphous. 2. G, tenuifolia Benth. & Hook. Shrubby, much branched, 6 to 9 dm. high, scabrous-puberulent, very leafy: branches terminated by solitary long-peduncled heads: leaves alternate and the lower opposite, canescent beneath, pinnately or pe- dately parted into 3 to 7 narrow linear lobes, or the uppermost narrow and entire, the margins mostly revolute: achenes quadrangular-compressed. (Heliomeris tenui- folia Gray).—Throughout southern and southwestern Texas. 65. VIGUIERA HBK. Herbaceous or somewhat lignescent plants, with only the lower or rarely all the leaves opposite, yellow-flowered heads on peduncles ter- 217 minating the branches, sterile rays, convex or conical receptacle with chaff either strongly concave or conduplicate and embracing the com- monly pubescent achenes, and pappus of 2 chaffy awns or scales, one to each principal angle of the achene (occasionally 1 or 2 more), and of 2 or more intermediate commonly truncate scales on each side, either per- sistent or deciduous. 1. V. helianthoides HBK. Minutely hispidulous-pubescent or scabrous, green: stem 6 to 20dm. high, paniculately branched above: leaves mostly alternate, slender- petioled, ovate, acuminate, sometimes very broadly ovate (the larger 10 to 15 cm. long and 7.5 to 10 cm. wide), sometimes ovate-lanceolate, from slightly to coarsely serrate: heads paniculate, usually slender-peduncled: involucre only 6mm. high, shorter than the strongly convex disk, nearly simple, of subulate or linear bracts: chaff somewhat cuspidately mucronate or acuminate: pappus a pair of scales on each side between the chafty awns, erose at the truncate summit.—Shady or more open grounds, central and western Texas. 2. V. cordifolia Gray. Hispid or hispidulous and scabrous: stem rather stout, 6 to 9 dm. high, leafy to the top, commonly branched above: leaves mostly opposite, subcordate-ovate or deltoid, acute, serrate or denticulate, either sessile or short- petioled, rough: heads mostly corymbose and short-peduncled: involucre fully 12 mm. long, equaling the barely convex disk, of lanceolate and acuminate erect bracts in 2 or 3 series: chaff gradually acuminate: achenes uarrowly cuneate-oblong, almost equaled by the chaffy awns, the intermediate scales narrowly oblong and rigid, equaling the breadth of the achene.—Near water courses, western Texas. V. longipes Coulter is Zexmenia hispida Gray. 66. HELIANTHUS L. (SUNFLOWER.) Uoarse and stout herbs, with solitary or corymbed heads, yellow neu- tral rays, imbricated herbaceous or foliaceous involucre, flat or convex receptacle with persistent chaff embracing the 4-sided and laterally compressed smooth achenes (which are neither winged nor margined), and a very deciduous pappus of 2 thin chaffy scales on the principal angles and sometimes 2 or more small intermediate scales. * Annuals: leaves mostly alternate, petiolate: receptacle flat: disk brownish. + Stem erect and commonly robust. 1. H. argophyllus Torr. & Gray. White with softand silky wool (sometimes floc- ose, and more or less deciduous with age): leaves slightly serrate: otherwise like the next.—Apparently confined to Texas. 2. H. annuus L. (COMMON SUNFLOWER.) Tall and rough: leaves ovate or the lower cordate, serrate: involucral bracts broadly ovate to oblong, long-pointed, ciliate: disk usually 2.5 cm. broad ormore. (Incl. H. lenticularis Dougl.)—Abundant in all valleys. ‘Seeds used for food by Indians and to fatten poultry by Mexicans, yielding by expression a fair quantity of oil » (Havard). 3. H. petiolaris Nutt. More slender, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves oblong- or ovate- lanceolate, smaller (2.5 to 7.5 cm. long), mostly entire: involucral bracts lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, seldom ciliate: disk 1 cm. broad or more.—A species of the dry northern plains, extending into the valleys and cafions of southern and western Texas. Var. canuscens Torr. & Gray, of southwestern Texas, has leaves whitened with a fine and close strigulose-sericeous pubescence, the lowest ovate. _ + Stems branched from the base, diffuse or decumbent, slender. 4, H. debilis Nutt. Scabrous to hispid: leaves from ovate to deltoid or even has- ; 2.5 to 7.6 cm. long, repand-denticulate to sparingly lobed-dentate, slender- 2816—02——15 tate, 218 petioled: involucral bracts lanceolate, gradually subulate-acuminate: disk 1 cm. broad or more.—Sandy shores of eastern Texas, but represented in southern and western Texas, in sandy soil, by var. CUCUMERIFOLIUS Gray, which is a larger form, with usually purple-mottled stems, leaves irregularly serrate with salient teeth, more commonly subcordate, the larger 10 to 12.5 cm. long. , ** Perennials: lower leaves usually opposite: receptacle convex or at length low-conical. + Involucral bracts loose, becoming squarrose, narrowly lanceolate, pointed, 2.5 em. long: disk usually purple or brownish: leaves linear, 1-nerved. 5. H. orgyalis DC. Stem glabrous, tall, very leafy: leaves mostly alternate, linear to filiform and entire, or the lowest lanceolate and serrulate: involucral bracts fili- form-attenuate.—Extending from the dry northern plains into Texas. 6. H. angustifolius L. Stem slender, 6 to 18 dm. high, usually scabrous: leaves long and linear, sessile, entire, with revolute margins: heads loosely corymbed, long- peduncled: involucral bracts acute or pointed.—Extending from the wet pine-barrens of the Gulf coast into Texas. + + Involucral bracts closer, more imbricated, short, unequal and not foliaceous: leaves lanceolate to ovate, mostly opposite and 3-nerved. ++ Disk dark. 7. H.ciliarisDC. Glaucous and glabrous, 3 to 6 dm. high, very leafy: leaves nearly all opposite and sessile, lanceolate (varying to ovate-lanceolate or tolinear), either very smooth or with some scattered bristles, with undulate or repand margins: involucral bracts ovate or oblong, obtuse or abruptly mucronulate, hirsutely ciliate: Tays few or several, not surpassing the disk, sometimes none.—Low ground, southern and western Texas. 8. H. rigidus Desf. Rough, 6 to 18 dm. high or more: leaves very thick and rigid, rough both sides, oblong-lanceolate, usually pointed at both ends, nearly sessile, entire or serrate, the lowest oval: involucral bracts ovate or oblong, obtuse or mostly acute, ciliate: rays numerous (20 to 25) and long (8 cm. long or more).—Extending from the northern plains and prairies into northern Texas. ++ ++ Disk yellow. 9. H. occidentalis Riddell. Somewhat hairy, stem slender, simple, naked above, bearing 1 to 5 small heads on long peduncles: lowest leaves oval or lanceolate-ovate, entire or obscurely serrate, roughish-pubescent beneath, abruptly contracted into long hairy petioles; the upper small and remote.—A species of the northern dry prairies and oak barrens, but represented in eastern and southern Texas by the var. PLANTAGINEUS Torr. & Gray, which is minutely puberulent and slightly or not at all scabrous, with rather more rigid leaves and obscurely ciliolate or naked involucre, + + + Involucre looser, the bracts more acuminate or elongated or foliaceous: disk yel- low (anthers dark). ++ Leaves all opposite, sessile, serrulate: pubescence rather soft. 10. H. cinereus Torr. & Gray. Barely cinereous throughout: stem simple, some- what equally leafy, bearing 1 or 2 slender-peduncled small heads: leaves coriaceous, lanceolate-oblong; the lower contracted into a narrow base; uppermost ovate-lance- olate with a broad sessile base: heads 1.2 cm. high; bracts lanceolate-subulate, ca- nescent: rays 10 or 12, 1.6 cm. long.—Reported only from Texas (Drummond). 11, H. mollisLam. Canescent throughout: stem simple, very leafy to the top, with solitary or few rather large heads: leaves ovate to lanceolate, with broad cordate clasping base, pointed: heads 1.6 cm. high; bracts lanceolate, villous or sericeous: rays 15 to 25, 2.5 cm. long or more.—Extending into Texas from the dry barrens north and east, 219 1 ++ Leaves narrow, chiefly alternate, not 3-nerved, scabrous both sides: heads rather emall: bracis loose attenuate. 12. H. grosse-serratus Martens. Stem smooth and glaucous, 18 to 30 dm. high: leaves elongated-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, sharply serrate or denticulate, acute or attenuate at base, petioled, often whiter and finely pubescent beneath: involucral bracts lance-awl-shaped, slightly ciliate.—Extendin g from the ary plains of the north into Texas. Var. HyPoLEUCUS Gray isa Texan form with leaves almost silvery-canescent with fine and dense soft tomentum, the larger with either cuneate or truncate base. 13. H.giganteus L. Stem hairy or rough, 9 to 30 dm. high, branched above: leaves lanceolate, pointed, minutely serrate or nearly entire, green both sides, narrowed and: ciliate at base, but nearly sessile: involucral bracts long, linear-lanceolate, pointed, hairy or strongly ciliate.—Moist or wet ground of the northern and Gulf States, and reported from Gillespie County, Texas. 14, H. Maximiliani Schrad. Resembling the last; stout, often simple, 3 to 30 dm. high: leaves becoming rigid and very scabrous, entire or sparingly denticulate: heads rather large, usually short-peduncled, terminal and in the upper axils; bracts longer attenuate and more rigid.— Extending from the northern prairies into Texas, ++ ++ ++ Leaves all or most of them opposite, -nerved. 15. H. hirsutus Raf. Stem simple or forked above, stout, 3 to 12 dm. high, bristly- hairy: leaves all shortly petioled, ovate, lanceolate, gradually pointed; slightly ser- tate, rounded or obtuse at base, very rough above, usually rough-hairy beneath: involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate, pointed: rays about 12.—Extending from the northern States into Texas. Var.sTmNOPHYLLUS Torr. & Gray is a small form of Louisiana and Texas, with narrow lanceolate leaves almost sessile by a somewhat contracted base. 67, FLOURENSIA DC. Almost glabrous resiniferous-viscid much branched shrub, with al- ternate entire leaves, corymbed or paniculate short-peduncled heads from the upper axils, whitish or yellowish rayless heads, flat receptacle with scarious chaff conduplicate around the compressed callous-mar- ' gined very villous achenes, and a nearly persistent pappus of a subu- late awn from each angle of the truncate summit, and commonly some intermediate smaller ones or scales. 1. F.cernua DC. Very branching and leafy, with the aromatic bitterness and odor of hops, 9 to 18 dm. high: leaves obovate and oblong, acute at both ends, ob- scurely-veiny: heads seldom over 1 cm. high, subsessile in the axils or terminating paniculate branchlets, soon nodding: involucral bracts lanceolate and erect, with some outer and spreading foliaceous ones passing into leaves.—Dry hills and plains of western Texas. 68. ENCELIA Adans. Ours are herbs, with opposite or alternate broad usually serrate leaves, rather showy radiate heads (rays mostly yellow and neutral) on naked peduncles, soft or mainly scarious chaff, wingless emarginate or truncate mostly naked achenes, and pappus none or an awn or its rudiment at each margin. * Root annual: petioles all naked at base: some uppermost leaves alternate. 1. Et. exaristata Gray. Stem rather slender, minutely puberulent or sparsely vil- lous, naked at summit and bearing loosely paniculate heads: leaves ovate and oblong- ovate; barely serrate, rarely somewhat incised, on narrowly margined petioles: outer 220 series of involucral bracts villous-hirsute, inner ones narrower and granulose-glandu- lar:.rays 4 to 9: achenes wholly glabrous, obovate, slightly emarginate, destitute of pappus, or not rarely with 2 minute vestiges of awns. (Simsia lagasceformis and. 8S. exaristata of Gray Pl. Wright.)—In the valleys of western Texas. * * Root fleshy-tuberous: leaves all opposite, the margined petioles united at base on each side by a foliaceous appendage, the two often connate into an amplexicaul disk. 2. E.calva Gray. Scabrous-pubescent and often hispidulous: stem with opposite branches, terminating in long and naked 1-headed peduncles: leaves deltoid-ovate and subcordate, often hastately 3-lobed, irregularly dentate: involucral bracts hir- sute and hispid, the outer foliaceous and somewhat squarrose: rays 15 to 20: achenes wholly glabrous, obcordate-oval, without vestige of pappus. (Simsia calva Gray, Pl. Lindh.)—Rocky hills and edges of oak woods, southern and western Texas. 3. E. subaristata Gray. Much like the preceding, often more canescently hispid: achenes minutely pilose-pubescent, ciliolate toward the summit, bearing 2 rigid his- pidulous awns, which are half the length of the achenes, or often reduced to mere Tudiments. (Simsia subaristata Gray, Pl. Fendl.)—Southwestern Texas. 69. ZEXMENIA Llave & Lex. Perennial herbs or somewhat shrubby, with mostly opposite leaves, yellow radiate heads solitary on slender peduncles terminating the branches, 3-angled and 3-awned ray-achenes, compressed disk-achenes with winged or bordered margins and awned from one or more of the margins (the awns either connected by dilated bases or with interme- diate separate or confluent persistent scales). 1. Z. brevifolia Gray. Much branched and below shrubby, strigose-scabrous: leaves small (less than 2.5 cm. long), ovate and oval, mostly entire, short-petioled: involucral bracts broad, mostly ovate: rays 5 to 9, small: corolla-lobes glabrous: achenes nearly marginless, some at maturity conspicuously callous-winged, slightly narrowed at summit between the wings or margin and the subulate-attenuate awns, between the bases of which the free or partly united scales are conspicuous (some- times obsolete in age).—Rocky banks, southwestern Texas. 2. Z. hispida Gray. Herbaceous and branched from a barely woody base or root, strigose-hispid: leaves sessile or nearly so, lanceolate or the lower rhomboid-lanceo- late, irregularly more or less serrate, sometimes with a pair of coarser salient teeth or lobes abovethe base: involucre in 2 or 3 series; the outer bracts more loose and folia- cevus, lanceolate, as long as the oblong inner ones: rays 7 to 9, orange-yellow, about lem. long: corolla-lobes puberulent-ciliolate: achenes narrowly or broadly winged, or sometimes winged only near the summit, appearing obcordate, the pappus in the center of the notch consisting of a cupule of united firm scales and 1 or 2 (in the ray 3) variable awns. (Lipocheta Texana Torr. & Gray, Fl., and Gray, Pl. Lindh. Z. Texana Gray, Pl. Wright. Viguiera longipes Coulter.)—Common in dry ground. 70. VERBESINA L. (CROWNBEARD.) Mostly perennial herbs, with toothed leaves decurrent on the stem, several to many-flowered heads, mostly yellow pistillate (sometimes neutral and sterile) few rays or sometimes none, involucral bracts im- bricated in 2 or more rows, rather convex or even conical receptacle with concave chaff, and flat winged or wingless 2-awned achenes. Contrib. Nat. Herb., Vol. Il, No. 2. PLaTe Il. ZEXMANIA HISPIDA Gray. 221 *Heads narrow, small, cymosely paniculate: rays few, pistillate, usually fertile : involucre erect, 1. V. Virginica L. Stem narrowly or interruptedly winged, downy-pubescent like the lower surface of the ovate-lanceolate feather-veined alternate leaves: heads in compound corymbs: receptacle convex: flowers white: rays 3 or 4, oval: achenes winged.—Rich dry soil, from the Mississippi and Gulf States through Texas to Mexico. * * Heads broader, solitary or few. + Involucre appressed: perennials. 2. V. Wrightii Gray. Scabrous and mostly hispidulous: stems wholly wingless: leaves ovate to oblong, sessile, mostly opposite, thickish: involucral bracts oval or oblong: rays about 12, not rarely pistillate: achenes with either broad or narrow wings, and only minute callous teeth for pappus (or some of the inner with short awns). (Actinomeris Wrightii Gray, Pl. Fend]. and Pl. Lindh.)—Rocky ground, western Texas. 3. V. helianthoides Michx. Stem hairy, widely winged by the ovate to ovate- lanceolate sessile alternate leaves, which are rough above and soft-hairy beneath: involucral bracts lanceolate: rays 8 to 15, pistillate or neutral, usually sterile: achenes winged, tipped with 2fragileawns. (Actinomeris helianthoides Torr. & Gray, F1.)—Extending into Texas from the prairies and open woods of the northeast. + + Involucre of spreading linear and fuliaccous equal bracts: annual. 4, V. encelioides Benth. & Hook. Branching, cinereous: leaves alternate, ovate or cordate to deltoid-lanceolate, the petioles mostly winged and auriculate at base: rays numerous and fertile: achenes mostly broadly winged and with short awns (the outermost often awnless). (Ximenesia encelioides Torr. & Gray, Fl.)—In low grounds throughout Texas. 71. SYNEDRELLA Gerin. Diffuse or procumbent annual, with branching stems, opposite and more or less serrate petioled leaves, small heads of yellow flowers with short fertile rays, involucre of few bracts (outer larger than inner and mostly foliaceous), scarious flat or hardly concave chaff, and some or all the achenes wing-margined, the angles or wings surmounted each by a rigid naked awn. 1. S. vialis Gray. Slender, strigulose-hirsute or more hairy: leaves ovate, about 2.5 em. long: heads only 6 mm. long, solitary or scattered, some subsessile, others slender-peduncled: rays 5 to 8, with oblong exserted ligule: achenes (or many of them) tuberculate-scabrous, some of the outer 3-angled, with or without a coria- ceous undulated wing-like border, the central ones narrower and marginless: pap- pus of 2 or3 rigid diverging awns, with occasionally 1 or2 additional teeth or scales. (Oligogyne Tampicana Gray, Pl. Wright. Zeamenia hispidula Buckley, Proc. Philad. Acad. )—Waysides and waste grounds, throughout the southern borders of Texas. 72, COREOPSIS L. (TICKSEED.) Herbs, generally with opposite leaves, many-flowered radiate heads, mostly 8 (rarely wanting) neutral rays (yellow or parti-colored, rarely purple), double involucre (each of about 8 bracts; the outer rather foli- aceous and somewhat spreading; the inner broader and appressed, nearly membranaceous), flat receptacle with membranaceous deciduous chaff, and flat obcompressed often winged achenes which are not nar- 222 rowed at top, 2-toothed or 2-awned, or sometimes naked at summit, the awns not barbed downwardly. * Style-tips truncate or nearly so: outer involucre small and short (except in no. 4): raya yellow or yellow with brown base. + Achenes straight, with fimbriate border or dissected wings and a pair of slender awns : perennial. ° 1. C. angustifolia Ait. Wholly glabrous: stem slender, mostly quadrangular, the summit or flowering branches naked and rush-like, their leaves being reduced to small subulate bracts: lower leaves spatulate-lanceolate, upper spatulate-linear, sometimes all opposite: rays yellow, about 1 cm. long,—Extending into Texas from the moist pine barrens or swamps of the Gulf States. + + Achenes incurved at maturity, with entire scarious wings or none: pappus none or minute: leaves all 1 to 2-pinnately divided: annuals. ++ Achenes winged. 2. C. cardaminefolia Torr. & Gray. Stem 1.5 to 6 dm. high: lobes of the 1 to 2-pinnately divided leaves oval to lanceolate or above linear: rays yellow with brown purple base: achenes short, smooth or papillose, with moderately broad wing, with which is sometimes connected 2 obscure teeth.—Low grounds, throughout Texas. ++ ++ Achenes wingless: pappus none or an obscure border. 3. C. tinctoria Nutt. Glabrous, 6 to 9 dm. high: lobes of the leaves lanceolate to linear: outer involucre short and close: rays 1 to 2 cm. long, sometimes base only, sometimes nearly all crimson-brown: achenes oblong, thinnish, moderately in. curved.—In low ground, throughout Texas. 4, C. Drummondii Torr. & Gray. Low, pubescent with many-jointed lax hairs sometimes glabrous: lobes of the radical and lower stem leaves from roundish-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, of the uppermost sometimes linear: outer involucre of loose and spreading more foliaceous bracty, little shorter than the inner: rays broad, some- times 2.5 cm.long, brown-purple only at base: achenes oval or obovate, thick, much ineurved at maturity, a cartilaginous margin bordering the inner face.—Sandy soil, eastern and southern Texas. Var. Wricutiu Gray, of rocky hills on the San Pedro and reported from Gillespie County, has lobes of the leaves narrower, linear and the broadest linear-oblong, heads smaller, and achenes circinately incurved. ** Style-tips abruptly cuspidate, hispid : involucres nearly equal: achenes roundish, winged, incurved, often papillose and with a callus inside at base and apex: pappus 2 small teeth or none: rays mostly yellow and palmately lobed: heads long-pedunculate. 5. C, coronata Hook. Sparsely hirsute-pubescent or glabrous: leaves long-peti- oled, entire or the lower 3 to 5-parted, obovate and spatulate-oblong, the lateral divisions when present small: rays 2.5 cm. or less long, bright yellow, deeper or orange at base, above which are delicate or brownish-purple markings forming a sort of corona: achenes with a rather broad wing and a pappus of 2 minute chaffy teeth.—Eastern Texas, south to Brazos Santiago. 6. C. grandiflora Nutt. Glabrous except the hirsute-ciliate petioles, rather sparsely pilose: ra:lical and some lower cauline leaves lanceolate, spatulate. or en- tire; upper or sometimes all the cauline 3 to 5-parted or divided, the divisions lanceolate or linear, or even filiform, sometimes again 2 or 3-parted: rays about 2.5 em, long, yellow throughout: achenes with thin-scarious outspread wing and chaffy pappus.—Extending into Texas from the low grounds of the Gulf and Lower Missis- sippi States. ** * Style-tips cuspidate: achenes oblong, nearly straight, without callus, the wing nar- row or none: rays yellow, mostly entire or slightly toothed, 223 + Outer involucral bracts narrow, all more or less united at base: pappus 2-toothed or none: leaves opposite, sessile, 8-clefi, appearing as if whorled. 7. C. palmata Nutt. Nearly smooth, simple: leaves broadly wedge-shaped, rigid; the lobes broadly linear, entire, or the middle one 3-lobed.—Extending from the northern plains and prairies to western Texas. + + Braocts mostly distinct, the outer leafy, reflened or spreading: achenes flat, obovate or cuncate-oblong, 1-nerved on each face, 2-toothed or 2-awned: leaves petiolate, usually pinnately 3 to 7-divided, the lobes serrate. 8. C. involucrata Nutt. Somewhat pubescent or glabrous: leaves all3 to 7-divided or parted; the divisions serrate, incised, or some again cleft: heads radiate, with conspicuous golden-yellow rays: outer involucral bracts 12 to 20, mostly exceeding the inner, slender and hispid: achencs obovate, very flat, with thin ciliate margins and 2 short acute teeth._—Iixtending into Texas from the Mississippi Valley States. 9. C. discoidea Torr. & Gray. Glabrous and diffusely branched: leaves ternately divided, slender-petioled; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pointed, coarsely serrate: rays none or rarely rudimentary: outer involucral bracts usually 3 to 5, mostly surpass- ing the heads: achenes linexr-wedge-shaped, bearing a.pair of short and stout upwardly-barbed awns as long as the corollaa—Wet banks and swamps, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas. 73. BIDENS L. (Burk-MARIGOLD.) Annual or perennial herbs, with opposite various leaves, many-flow- ered heads, 3 to 8 neutral yellow rays (or none), double involucre (the outer commonly large and leaty), Hlattish receptacle with deciduous chaff, and obcompressed or slender and 4-sided achenes crowned with 2 or more rigid and persistent awus which are downwardly barbed. * Achenes flat, not tapering at summit: outer involucre foliaceous and spreading. 1. B. frondosa L. (COMMON BEGGAR-TICKs. STICK-TIGHT.) Smooth or hairy, 6 to 18 dm. high: leaves mostly petiolate, 3 to 5-divided; leaflets mostly stalked, lan- ceolate, pointed, coarsely-toothed: heads erect, nearly rayless: outer involucremuch longer than the head, ciliate below: achenes wedge-obovate, 2-awned, ciliate (the bristles ascending except near the summit.)—A coarse weed, common everywhere. 2. B. chrysanthemoides Michx. (LaRGE 8UR-MARIGOLD.) Smooth, erect or reclining at base, 1.5 to 6 dm. high: leaves sessile, lanceolate, tapering at both ends, more or less connate, regularly serrate: outer involucre mostly shorter than the showy golden-yellow rays (2.5 cm. long): heads somewhat nodding: achenes wedge-shaped, with almost prickly downwardly barbed margins, 2, 3, or 4-awned.— Wet grounds, from Canada to South America. * * Achenes linear: 4-sided, the inner longer and tapering upward: outer involucre seldom foliaceous or enlarged : leaves all once to thrice 8 to 5-nately parted or divided into oblong or linear ultimate lobes. 3. B. Bigelovii Gray. Lobes of the leaves linear-oblong, mostly obtuse: heads narrow, slender-peduncled: rays inconspicnousand yellowish or none: achenes long and slender (at least the central ones much surpassing the involucre); the innermost 10 to 12 mm. long, 2 or 3-awned; outermost half as long or less, stouter, 2-horned, or with a pair of short awns, or even with none.—“ Common in the foot-hills of Pre- sidio County, and valued by the Mexicans as one of their best tea plants. The leaves are collected during the time of inflorescence, parboiled and then dried in the sun, when they are ready for use” (Havard). It is more than probable that the most nearly allied species, the common and disagreeable weed known as “Spanish “needles,” ocours in Texas. It is characterized as follows: 4, B. bipinnata L. Primary and secondary divisions of the leaves rather ovate or deltoid-lanceolate in circumscription, and the lobes mostly acute: achenes alk 224 slender, the inner ones 10 to 18 mm. long, outermost moderately shorter and thicker: awns 3 or 4, sometimes only 2. 5. B. procera Don. Erect and tall, glabrous: lobes of the narrow leaves linear: heads broader, corymbosely paniculate: outer involucre small and inconspicuous: rays oval, comparatively large and deep yellow: outer achenes narrowly cuneate- oblong and only 4 mm.long; innermost 6 mm. long and cuneate-linear: awns 2, strongly barbed, one-half or one-third as long as the achene. (B. feniculifolia Gray, Pl. Wright.)—A species of Arizona and Mexico, reported from Gillespie County (Jermy). 74. COSMOS Cav. Like Bidens, except that the rays are purple or rose color (sometimes white), and the achenes slender and beaked. A, 1. C. bipinnatus Cav. Leaves pinnately divided into narrowly linear or almost filiform lobes: heads very showy, the deep rose-colored rays commonly 2.5 cm. or more long: achenes smooth and glabrous throughout, with abrupt beak very much shorter than body: awns 1 to 3, short.—A Mexican species, represented in southern Texas, near Marfa, by the introduced var. BxaRIsTATUS DC., in which the awns are wholly wanting. 2. C. parviflorus HBK. Slender: heads smaller, with either white or rose-colored rays 6 to 12mm. long: beak of achenes slender, usually half as long as body, scab- rous, 2 or 3 (even 4) -awned; otherwise like the preceding. (C. bipinnatus, var. par- viflorus Gray, Pl. Wright.) Extreme southwestern Texas. 75. HETEROSPERMUM Cav. Small mainly glabrous branching annuals, with opposite pinnately or ternately dissected or sometimes undivided leaves, small rather few- flowered heads of yellow flowers, fertile rays, and dimorphous achenes (the outer with winged or callous margin, mostly cymbiform; inner nar- rower, attenuate upward, marginless; these and sometimes the outer with two retrosely barbed awns). 1. H. pinnatum Cav. Leaves pinnately 3 to 7-parted into linear divisions, which are either all entire or some of them again 2 or 3-parted: heads slender-peduncled, about 6 mm. high: outer involucre of 3 to 5 linear foliaceous bracts overtopping the thin and oval striate inner bracts. (H. tagetinum Gray, Pl. Fendl. & Pl. Wright.)— Extreme southwestern Texas. 76. THELESPERMA. Less. Perennial glabrous herbs, with opposite usually finely dissected leaves, pedunculate many-flowered heads, yellow neutral rays or none, double involucre (the inner connate to the middle and scarious-margined), flat receptacle with white-scarious deciduous chaff, nearly terete wingless and beakless achenes, and pappus of 2 stout subulate retrorsely hispid awns (sometimes obsolete or wanting). *Lobes of disk-corollas linear or lanceolate, longer than the short campanulate throat: pappus evident. 1. T. filifolium Gray. Loosely branching and leafy: leaves not rigid, bipinnately divided into filiform lobes no wider than the rhachis: bracts of outer involucre 8, subulate-linear, equaling or more than half as long as the inner which are connate . 225 only to the middle: rays broad, over 12mm. long: disk usually purple: the stout tri- angular-subulate pappus-scales not longer than the width of the achenes.—Dry up- lands and plains, northern and central Texas. 2, T.ambiguum Gray. Rather rigid, usually more naked above or with longer peduncles: cauline leaves less compound, the lobes from filiférm to narrowly linear: bracts of inner involucre connate to or above the middle: rays rarely wanting: otherwise as in the last.—Plains and hills of western Texas. 3. T. gracile Gray. More rigid, less branched, naked above: leaves once or twice 3 to 5-nately divided or parted into filiform-linear or broader lobes, or some upper ones filitorm and entire: bracts of outer involucre 4 to 6, very short, ovate or ob- long; of the inner connate to above the middle: rays usually none, sometimes present and 4 to 6 mm. long: disk mostly yellow: the lanceolate-subulate retrorsely hispid awns of the conspicuous pappus often nearly as long as the corolla-tube.—Plains, throughout southern and western Texas. ** Lobes of disk-corollas ovate to oblong, decidedly shorter than the cylindraceous throat: pappus shorter and more coroniform, destitute of retrorse bristles or hairs, or wanting. 4, T. subsimplicifolium Gray. Leafy-stemmed and branching, herbaceous to the ground: stems slender and rigid: leaves sometimes all entire and filiform, sometimes 3 to 5-parted into filiform entire lobes: outer involucral bracts oblong to linear, short: rays 12 mm. long: pappus 2 minute slightly hairy teeth, or obsolete.—Rocky prairies of southern and western Texas. 5. T. longipes Gray. Fastigiately much branched and very leafy at the woody base, sending up long filiform simple peduncles 12.5 to 25 cm. long: leaves 3 to 5-parted into filiform divisions which are usually no wider than the rhachis: heads small and rayless; outer involucre short and small: achenes barely 4 mm. long, arcuate at maturity: pappus obsolete.—Dry hills and banks of western Texas. 77. MARSHALLIA Schreb. Smooth and low perennials, with alternate entire 3-nerved leaves, long-pedunculate many-flowered heads terminating the simple stem or branches, flowers (purplish) all tubular and perfect, linear-lanceolate foliaceous involucral bracts, convex or conical receptacle with narrowly linear rigid chaff, top-shaped 5-angled achenes, and pappus of 5 or 6 membranaceous and pointed chaffy scales. 1. M. ceespitosa Nutt. Stem commonly leafy only at base: leaves narrowly oblanceolate to linear or the radical spatulate, obtuse.—Extending from Arkansas into northern and western Texas. 78. CLAPPIA Gray. Fruticulose plant, with alternate fleshy leaves, pedunculate heads, broad and very obtuse involucral bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series, convex fimbrillate naked receptacle, 12 to 15 linear 3-toothed fertile rays, oblong-turbinate terete 8 to 10-nerved achenes (hirtellous on the nerves), and pappus of 20 to 25 rigid scabrous distinct chaffy bristles longer than the achene. 1. C, suzedeefolia Gray. Low and widely branching, not punctate or glandular: leaves terete, linear, entire, or the lower pinnately 3 to 5-parted, sessile.—Southern Texas. On the Rio Grande at Laredo (Berlandier), and flats of the Pecos (Havard). 226. 79. RIDDELLIA Nutt. Low and corymbosely branched woolly herbs, with alternate and spatulate or linear leaves, small heads of yellow flowers (the ligules large and becoming pale or whitish and thin-papery with age), involucre of linear-oblong coriaceous woolly bracts (a few small scarious ones within), small flat naked receptacle, disk-corollas with glandular- bearded teeth, narrow terete obscurely striate or angled achenes, and pappus of 4 to 6 liyaline nerveless and pointless scales. 1. R. tagetina Nutt. Loosely or somewhat villously woolly (sometimes glabrate in age), rather widely branched: radical and even lower cauline leaves often lacini- ate-pinnatifid: heads numerous, mostly cymosely clustered and short-peduncled: rays at maturity 12 mm. long: achenes and pappus glabrous (or the former with few and short scattered hairs): scales of the pappus oblong-lanceolate, entire, usually obtuse, one-half or three-fourths as long as disk-corolla.—Western Texas. 2. R. arachnoidea Gray. Loosely woolly: stem and branches rather strict: foliage of the last: heads clustered, short-peduncled: rays at maturity only 6 mm. long: arachnoid hairs even longer than the somewhat turbinate achenes: scales of the pappus subulate-lanceolate, their margin and apex more or less deliquescent into long and arachnoid hairs.—Southwestern Texas, beyond the Pecos, 80. BAILEYA. Harvey & Gray. Soft and densely floccose-woolly annuals, with alternate leaves (the lower once or twice piunatifid), terminal long pedunculate solitary heads of yellow flowers, large persistent rays (becoming Scarious-papery) de- flexed in age, numerous thin-herbaceous linear involucral bracts very woolly on the back, flat or barely convex naked receptacle, disk-flowers with glandular-bearded teetl, oblong-linear or clavate somewhatangled striate achenes, and no pappus. 1. B. multiradiata Harv. & Gray. Densely floccosely white-tomentose, at length much branched from the base and leafy: radical and lower leaves spatnlate or broader, mostly laciniate-pinnatifid or sparingly bipinnatitid; uppermost sinall, spat- ulate-linear, entire: heads on slender often long peduncles: ligules 25 to 50, 10 to 12 mm. long: achenes oblong-prismatic and obscurely striate, broadest at the truncate apex, minutely scabrous.—Plains of western Texas. Var. NUDICAULIS Gray is more simple-stemmed or branched only from a stout base, with more divided leaves, elon- gated sometimes scapiform peduncles, and larger heads. 81. LAPHAMIA Gray. Low suffruticulose perennials growing in crevices of rocks, mostly with petioled and dentate or laciniate small leaves (the upper alternate, rarely all opposite), small heads of yellow flowers either cymoscly dis- posed or singly terminating the branches, involucre of equal narrow more or less overlapping bracts, female ray-flowers (with deciduous ligule) or none, 4-toothed disk-corollas, flat achenes with naked or not much ciliate margins, and pappus none or of 1 or 2 or sometimes about 20 bristles, Contrib. Nat. Herb., Vol. Il, No. 2, Piate III. AN PERITYLE VASEYI Coulter. 227 * Pappus of about 20 unequal rigid bristles: rays none: disk-flowers 12 to 16: leaves mostly opposite, as broad as long, abruptly slender-petioled. 1. L. rupestris Gray. Pubescent, slightly viscid, leafy to summit: leaves 12 mm. long, sometimes crenately sometimes strongly and acutely dentate or almost lacini- ate: pappus much exceeding short proper tube of corolla.—Southwestern Texas. 2. Li. cinerea Gray. Tomentose-canescent: leaves more orbicular, almost entire: pappus hardly surpassing proper tube of corolla, which is more than half as long as the short-cylindraceous throat: achenes sometimes 4-nerved.—Rocks along Escon- dido ercek, southwestern Texas (Bigelow). ** Pappus a solitary very slender bristle or none: disk-flowers 15 to 20: heads commonly cymose and pedunculate. 3. L. halimifoliaGray. Stemscrowded ona thick woody caudex: leaves coriaceous, resinous-punctate or atomiferous, somewhat viscid, broadly ovate or rhombic, sel- dom 2.5 cm. long, laciniately dentate, abruptly long-petioled: rays 4 to 6, with broad and short ligules little longer than the tube: pappus none.—Southwestern Texas. 4, L. angustifolia Gray. Leaves lanceolate or rhombic-lanceolate, tapering into margined petioles, laciniately 1 to 5-toothed or lobed: heads less numerous, scat- tered: rays none: otherwise much like the last.—Southwestern Texas, on high and rocky hills of the Pecos and Rio Grande. 5. L. Lindheimeri Gray. Stems from a thick woody base: leaves thinner, oblong or ovate, glabrous, few-toothed or some entire, contracted at base into a short petiole: heads loosely cymose: rays 3 to 6, very short, sometimes none: pappus a single slen- der bristle equaling the proper tube of the corolla.—Rocky banks of the Guadalupe, near New Braunfels (Lindheimer). «* * Pappus ua pair of stouter naked bristles, one from each angle of the achene: head only 6 to 8-flowered. 6. L. bisetosa Torr. Hispidulous-puberulent, minutely resinous-atomiferous and punctate: stems 2.5 to 7.5 cm. high: leaves mostly alternate, coriaceous, spatulate- ovate, obscurely few-toothed: heads solitary and sessile: rays none: involucral bracts broadly linear, carinate-concave at base: achenes puberulent, rather longer than the rigid awns.—In a cafion on the Rio Grande, below Presidio del Norte (Parry). 82. PERITYLE Benth. Mostly annuals, with petiolate dentate or palmately-lobed leaves (lower opposite, upper alternate), small or middle-sized pedunculate heads terminating the branches, yellow or white rays (when present), 4-toothed disk-corollas, narrow and distinct involucral bracts, flat carti- laginous-margined usually strongly ciliate achenes, and pappus a scaly or cupulate crown and commonly a slender awn from one or both angles. * Crown of the pappus an entire or undulate firm ani shallow border: achene hardly oili- ate: suffruticulose. 1. P. dissecta Gray. Dwarf, 7.5 to 10 cm. high, cinereous-pubescent, very leafy: leaf-blades equaled by petiole, round-cordate in outline, pedately cleft and parted and dissected into short linear lobes: heads subsessile, 6 to 8 mm. high: rays none: achenes minutely cinereous-birsute, a short scabrous awn from one angle (or this wanting). (Laphamia dissecta Torr. Pl. Wright.)—Rocks at Presidio del Norte. ** Pappus rather a conspicuous crown of scales and one long and delicate awn: achenes densely ciliate with long beard: herbaceous. + Rays 4 to 6 mm. long, deep yellow: disk-corollas funnelform. 2. P. Vaseyi Coulter. Minutely glandular pubescent: leaves 3.5 to 6.5 om. long, with broad outline, palmately or pinnately divided into3 long-stalked broadly cuneate * 228 divisions which are 8 to 5-parted, the ultimate segments mostly cuneate and 3-lobed: achenes pubescent on the faces, hispid-villous on the margins: awn of the pappus as long as the achene.—Chisos Mountains, southwestern Texas (Nealley). + + Rays barely 4mm. long or none: disk-corollas slender, with long and narrow throat. 3. P. ParryiGray. Minutely pubescent and obscurely viscid: leaves reniform-cor- date, crenately dentate and often lobed: rays barely 4mm. long: achenes strongly - hirsute-ciliate: awn of pappus nearly equaling disk-corolla.—Cafions of south- western Texas (Parry and Havard). 4. P. aglossa Gray. Somewhat puberulent, obscurely viscid: leaves roundish, with subcordate or truncate base, mostly 3 to 5-cleft and coarsely dentate: involu- cral bracts very narrowly linear: rays none: achenes with rather short and dense hirsute ciliation: awn of pappus equaling disk- corolla.—With or near the pre- ceding (Parry). 83. BAHIA Lag. Suffruticose or mostly herbaceous plants, with opposite or sometimes alternate leaves, small or middle-sized pedunculate heads of yellow flowers (all fertile) terminating the branches, many- (at least 12 to 20-) flowered involucre with herbaceous uncolored bracts lax or open in fruit, small mostly flat receptacle, narrow quadrangular achenes, and pappus (rarely wanting) of several scarious scales with thickened base which is sometimes extended into a strong midnerve. * Leaves mainly opposite, pedately (sometimes pinnately) dissected or cleft: pappus of broad very obtuse scales scarious above and thickened at base. 1. B. absinthifolia Benth. Diffusely branched tomentulose-canescent perennial, with sparsely corymbose-paniculate heads on slender peduncles: leaves 3 to 5-parted into narrowly linear or lanceolate divisions and lobes: rays 9to 12: achenes slender, pubescent: pappus nearly equaling the proper corolla tube.—A species of Mexico and Arizona, collected near Rio Grande City (Nealley). Var. DEALBATA Gray, of the dry plains of western Texas, is more whitened with fine pannose tomentum, and with less divided leaves commonly only 3-cleft into lanceolate or linear-oblong lobes, or some lower ones oblong-lanceolate and entire. 2. B. Bigelovii Gray. Diffuse strigose-puberulent annual: leaves 3-parted and the divisions sometimes 2 or 3-parted into linear-filiform segments and lobes: pe- duncles elongated and filiform: involucral bracts viscidly hirsute: rays 8 or 9: achenes mostly hirsute along the slender attenuate base: pappus half the length of the corolla-tube.—In the valley of the Limpia, southwestern Texas. ** Leaves all or mostly alternate, 2 or 3-ternately divided or parted : heads loosely cymose- paniculate atthe naked summit of the erect stems: pappus of oblong to narrowly lanceolate scales with a distinct midrib (costa). 3. B. pedataGray. Cinereous-puberulent: leaves pedately divided, commonly into 3 petiolulate obovate or cuneate segments, of which the lateral are 2-parted and the middle 3 to 7-lobed; lobes obovate or broadly oblong: heads 10 mm. high: involu- eral bracts oblong: rays about 12, oblong: scales of pappus 10 to 12, spatulate-ob- long, with costa vanishing near the obtuse or retuse summit.—Southwestern Texas, beyond the Pecos. 4. B, biternata Gray. More pubescent and slender: leaves biternately dissected into linear and obtuse (or spatulate) segments, the primary ones slightly petiolulate: heads 8 mm. high: involucral bracts obovate: rays 8 or 10, broadly obovate: scales of pappus 12 to 14, longer and narrower; those of outer flowers obovate and with costa vanishing below the apex; of inner ones longer, elongated-lanceolate and with costa excurrent into an awn-like cusp.—Borders of western Texas. 229, 84. SCHKUGRIA Roth. Slender and paniculately much branched annuals, with alternate (or lower opposite) pinnately 3 to 7 -parted (or uppermost entire) impressed- punctate leaves with filiform divisions and rhachis, small pedunculate effusely paniculate 3 to 5-flowered heads of yellow (rarely purplish) flowers, clavate involucre of 4 or 5 erect bracts with scarious purple- tinged tips, single ray-flower or none, obpyramidal achenes with very densely long-villous angles, and pappus of 8 scarious scales. 1. S. Wrightii Gray. Pappus shorter than the corolla, its scales all obovate and obtuse or erose-truncate, destitute of costa.—Limpia Cafion, southwestern Texas (Nealley). 85. HYMENOTHRIX Gray. Glabrous or somewhat pubescent herbs, with alternate leaves once to thrice parted into linear divisions, numerous corymbosely cymose inany-flowered heads, no rays (in ours), 7 to 10 obovate or lanceolate- oblong thin involucral bracts half or more scarious-petaloid, small naked receptacle, top-shaped achenes with a slender base, and pappus of 12 to 20 narrow lanceolate very thin scales traversed by a strong costa which is excurrent into a scabrous awn. 1. H. Wrightii Gray. Leaves with very narrow linear or almost filiform divisions, the lower cauline hirsute: involucre of obovate-oblong and very obtuse purple-tinged bracts (a few smaller narrow accessory ones): disk-corollas white or purplish: achenes villous.—Chenate Mountains, southwestern Texas (Nealley). 86. HYMENOPAPPUS L/’Her. Biennial or perennial herbs, with alternate mostly dissected leaves, corymbed small many-flowered heads of usually whitish flowers, no rays, 6 to 12 loose and broad thin involucral bracts with the upper part petal-like (usually white), small naked receptacle, top-shaped striate achenes with slender base, and pappus of 15 to 20 very thin blunt scales in a single row. * Pappus of very small roundish nerveless scales: involucre partly white-petaloid. 1. H. scabioseeus L’Her. Somewhat flocculent-woolly when young, leafy to the top: leaves 1 to 2-pinnately parted into linear or oblong lobes: involucral bracts roundish, mainly whitish. Extending into Texas from the sandy pine-barrens of the Gulf States. 2. H. corymbosus Torr. & Gray. More slender, glabrate, naked above: involu- cral bracts obovate-oblong, petaloid at apex.—Extending into Texas from the north- ern prairies. ** Pappus of larger spatulate-obovate scales partly traversed by a thickened axis or obscure costa: involucre half whitish. 8, H. artemisizefolius DC. Pannosely or somewhat floccosely white-tomentose: leaves from simply pinnatifid or lyrately few-lobed (sometimes entire) to bipinnately parted into linear-oblong lobes.—Southern Texas. 230 * * * Pappus of conspicuous spatulate 1-nerved scales: involucre greener: stems leafy. 4, H.flavescens Gray. Densely white-tomentose: divisions of the leaves narrowly torather broadly linear: heads 8 to 10mm. high: involucral bracts roundish-obovate or ovate, with greenish. white or yellowish margins: corolla yellow: achenes rather short-villous.—Sandy plains and valleys of western Texas. 5. H. tenuifolius Pursh. Slightly tomentose or glabrate: divisions of the leaves narrowly linear or filiform, revolute: heads 6 to 8mm. high: involucral bracts obo- vate-oblong, greenish with whitish apex and margins: corolla dull white: achenes long-villous.—Extending into Texas from the northern plains, 87. FLORESTINA Cass. Slender leafy-stemmed loosely branched annual (pubescent and above beset with stipitate glands), with alternate (except lowest) petiolate simply palmately divided or rarely entire leaves, loosely paniculate 15 to 25-flowered heads of white or flesh-colored flowers, no rays, small naked receptacle, 6 to 8 obovate-spatulate equal involucral bracts with scarious-colored rounded tips, narrowly obpyramidal 4 or 5-angled pubes- cent achenes, and pappus of 6 to 8 obovate pointless scales which are very thin scarious from a thickened narrow base or axis. 1. F. tripteris DC. Lowest leaves commonly ovate or oblong and entire; others of 3 oval or oblong or the upper linear leaflets: tips of involucral bracts and flowers usually dull white.—Southeastern Texas, in the Lower Rio Grande region. 88. POLYPTERIS Nutt. More or less scabrous-pubescent herbs, with undivided and mostly entire petiolate mostly alternate leaves, loosely corymbose or paniculate heads of rose-purple or flesh-colored flowers, rays wanting (except in one species), spatulate to linear lanceolate involucral bracts with small colored tips, small naked receptacle, slender to narrowly obpyramidal 4-sided minutely pubescent achenes, and pappus of 6 to 12 equal scales with a strong percurrent costa (rarely wanting). * Heads 6 to 10mm. high, raylesa. 1. P.callosaGray. Slender, paniculately branched: leaves linear, slightly petioled: involucre 10 to 12-flowered, 6 mm. high, of linear-oblong bracts: pappus-scales all short, obovate or roundish, the costa sel:lom reaching the obtuse or erose and retuse apex, occasionally minute or wholly wanting. (Has been variously placed under Stevia, Florestina, and Palafozxia.)—Low or dry ground, extending from Arkansas into northern and central Texas. 2. P. Texana Gray. Stouter: leaves from lanceolate-lincar to lanceolate-oblong, distinctly petioled: involucre 20 to 30-flowered, 6 to 10 mn. high, of spatulate-oblong bracts: pappus-scales oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, with slender nearly com- plete or slightly excurrent costa. (Palafoxia Tecana DC.)—River banks of Texas. “ " Heads 12mm. or more high, with palmately 8-lobed rays. 3. P. Hookeriana Gray. Above glandular-pubescent and somewhat viscid: leaves from narrowly to broadly lanceolate: involucre many-flowered, of lanceolate bracta in 2 series (outer looser, inner with purplish tips): ray-flowers 8 to 10, with deeply 3-cleft rose-red rays: ray-pappus a crown of 6 to8short and obtuse rather rigid scales; disk-pappus of narrowly lanceolate thin scales traversed by an excurrent costa and attenuate at apex into a slender point or shortawn. (Palafoxia Hookeriana Torr. & Gray.)—Extending from the sandy plains of the north through Texas into Mexico. 231 89. ACTINELLA Pers., Nutt. Low herbs, with narrow alternate leaves dotted with résinous atoms, solitary many-flowered heads terminating scapes or slender naked pe- duncles, wedge-oblong 3-toothed yellow pistillate rays, ovate or lanceo- late membranaceous or coriaceous nearly equal involucral bracts ap- pressed in 2 or 3 rows, hemispherical or conical naked receptacle, top- shaped densely silky-villous achenes, and pappus of 5 or more ovate or lanceolate very thin chaffy scales. * Involucre of numerous distinct not rigid bracts: leaves entire (except in a form of no. 2). 1. A. linearifolia Torr. & Gray. Annual or biennial, villous or glabrate, 3 dm, high or less, simple or branched: leaves linear: peduncles filiform.—In sandy soil, throughout southern and western Texas. 2, A. scaposa Nutt. Perennial, rather sparsely cespitose, the branches of the caudex slender and often ascending, with scape-like peduncles, loosely villous and glabrate: leaves linear to lanceolate, not rarely laciniate-lobed.—Rocky prairies, throughout Texas. Associated with the species is var. LINEARIS Nutt., in which the leaves are all narrowly linear and entire and more rigid. * * Involucral bracts rigid, in 2 rows, the outer connate at base. 3. A. Texana Coulter & Rose. A small annual 5 to 15 cm. high: leaves mostly radical, oblong and tapering at base, entire or few-toothed; those of the stem nar- rower and toothed, becoming linear and entire above: heads small, 4 to 6 mm. high, with minute rays not projecting beyond the bracts.—Harris County (Thurow) and southwestern Texas ( Palmer). 4, A. odorata Gray. Annual, 3°to6 dm. high, branching, leafy, somewhat floc- cose-woolly: heads small and scattered: leaves 1 to 3-pinnately divided, the lobes filiform.—Open ground, throughout southern Texas. Called ‘‘limonillo” and used as a perfume plant (Havard). 90. HELENIUM L. (SNEEZE-WEED.) Erect branching herbs, with alternate (impressed-punctate) leaves mostly decurrent on the angled stem and branches which are termi- nated by single or corymbed (yellow rarely purple) many-flowered heads, wedge-shaped 3 to 5-cleft fertile (rarely sterile) rays, small re- flexed linear or awl-shaped involucral bracts, globose or oblong naked receptacle, top-shaped ribbed achenes, and pappus of 5 to 8thin 1-nerved chaffy scales, the nerve usually extended into a bristle or point. * Rays fertile (rarely sterile, occasionally wanting): scales of pappus not dissected. + Root annual: leaves all filiform-linear, not deourrent on the stem or branches: scales of pappus tipped with prominent awn. 1. H. tenuifolium Nutt. Glabrous, slender, much branched, very leafy up to the slender peduncles: leaves mostly entire: rays much surpassing the globular disk: pappus scales ovate, abruptly tipped with a longer awn which equals the villous achene.—River bottoms, etc., extending from the Gulf and Mississippi States to west- ern Texas. Associated with the species in Texas is var. BADIUM Gray, with dull purplish brown (instead of yellow) disk, and lower leaves sometimes pinnately parted, 232 + + Root annual (or biennial): leaves broader, at least some of them decurrent on stem and branches: rays occasionally parti-colored with brownish red: scales of pappus obtuse or at least pointless. + Disk and receptacle elongated in fruit. 2. H. quadridentatuin Labill. Loosely paniculate: lower leaves incisely pin- . natifid; upper lanceolate and entire: disk becoming 12 mm. long, surpassing the rays: disk-corollas mostly 4-toothed: pappus of very short roundish-oval scales.— Low ground, near the coast, extending from the Gulf States. ++ ++ Disk globular. 3. H. elegans DC. Strict, slender: leaves narrowly lanceolate and entire (or low- ermost broader and sometimes slightly toothed): heads 4 to 6mm. high, with brown- ish or purplish disk, equaled or surpassed by the pure yellow or parti-colored or largely brownish-purple rays: pappus minute, the roundish-ovate scales decidedly shorter than the breadth of the achene. (H. microcephalum var. bicolor Torr. & Gray F1.).—Moist ground, from Louisiana to western Texas. 4. H. microcephalum DC. Freely branching: leaves lanceolate or oblong, the lower denticulate or repand-toothed: heads 6 te 8mm. high, with yellow or fuscous disk much surpassing or sometimes equaled by the rays: pappus scales ovate, short, put nearly half the length of the achene.—Mo:st ground, southern Texas and adja- cent Mexico. 5. H. amphibolum Gray. Stouter, freely branching: upper leaves lanceolate to linear and entire; lower varying to oblong and toothed or laciniate-pinnatifid: heads 6to 8 mm.in diameter, with fuscous-purplish disk equaled or surpassed by the yellow rays: pappus scales roundish and very small (as in no. 3).—Southern borders of Texas, on or near the Rio Grande. 6. H. ooclinium Gray. Ratherstout, freely branching: leaves lanceolate, usually more or less dentate or denticulate: heads 10 to 12 (rarely 8) mm. high, with yellow- ish and fuscous disk longer than the yellow rays: pappus scales rather large, ovate, obtuse, often almost as long as the achene.—Southern borders of Texas, along the Rio Grande. + + + Root perennial: leaves lanceolate to oblong: scales of pappus aristate-acuminate. 7. H. nudiflorum Nutt. Somewhat puberulent, 3 to9 dm. high: leaves narrowly lanceolate or oblong to linear, entire, or the radical spatulate and dentate: heads mostly small: disk brownish: ray yellow or partly brown-purple, sterile, shorter than or exceeding the disk.—Low ground, .extending into Texas from the Gulf and Mississippi States. 8. H. autumnale L. Nearly smooth, 3 to 18 dm. high: leaves mostly toothed, lanceolate to ovate-oblong: heads larger, about 12 mm. broad: disk yellow: ray fertile, yellow.—Wet ground, throughout Texas, ** Rays neutral, very numerous : scales of pappus dissected : leaves narrowly or not at all decurrent. 9. H. fimbriatum Gray. Nearly glabrous: stem virgate, with somewhat elongated- lanceolate mostly entire stem-leaves, but no conspicuous radical tuft, continued into long solitary peduncle bearing a head with disk 16 to 18 mm. broad, equaled by the rays: scales of pappus broad, dissected from summit to beyond the middle into many capillary bristles. ( Galtlardia Jimbriata Michx. Fl. ‘ Leptopoda fimbriata Torr. & Gray. Fl.)—Extending from the pine barrens of the Gulf States into Texas. 91. AMBLYOLEPIS DC. Annual, with entire leaves neither punctate nor decurrent, principal involucral bracts foliaceous and lanceolate, an inner thin-scarious se- 233 ties resembling the conspicuous blunt nerveless scales of the pappus, fertile ample rays, and broadly top-shaped achenes with 10 thick ribs. 1. A. setigera DC. Sometimes glabrous, sometimes villous with very long hairs (especially along the leaf-margins): stem branching below, terminated by long 1-headed peduncles: radical leaves oblong-spatulate with long tapering base; cau- line oblong or ovate, with rounded or subcordate half-clasping base and mucronate- acuminate tip: head large, flowers all yellow, rays almost 2.5 em. long, 3 or 4-lobed: pappus scales 5, broadly ovate, silvery-scarious, very obtuse.—Prairies of Texas and extending into Mexico. The species is referred by some to Helenium, as H. setigera. 92. GAILLARDIA Foug. Erect herbs, with alternate leaves, large showy heads of yellow or purplish fragrant flowers on terminal or scapiform peduncles, cleft or toothed neutral or fertile rays (sometimes none), outer involucral bracts larger and loose and foliaceous, convex to globose receptacle beset with bristle-like or subulate or short and soft chaff, top-shaped 5-ribbed_ vil- lous achenes, and pappus of 5 to 10 long thin scales which are awn- tipped by the excurrent nerve. * Style-branches tipped with short naked appendage: rays sometimes fertile, often none: achener villous all over. 1. G. simplex Scheele. Annual: leaves all radical, usually spatulate, pinnatifid to entire: head globose on a naked scape, usually rayless.—Rocky prairies of Texas. Probably to be called G. suavis Britton, on account of the priority of Agassizia suavia Gray & Engelm. * * Style-branches tipped with a long hispid or hispidulous filiform appendage: rays neu- tral (sometimes wanting in no, 2): villous hairs covering the achene mainly at its base or below the broad summit: leafy-stemmed plants. + Chaff of the receptacle obsolete or reduced to very short soft teeth: corolla-lobes tailed- acuminate from a short broadish base. 2. G. lanceolata Michx. Annual, branched, finely pubescent, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves oblanceolate to linear, entire or sparsely serrate: rays rather few or none.— Extending from the dry pine barrens of the Gulf States into eastern and southern Texas. In some Texan forms the leaves are all more or less toothed or even lobed. + + Chaff of the receptacle bristly or eubulate, mostly surpassing the achenes. ++ Lobes of disk-corolla subulate-acute and usually tipped with a seta or cusp, externally clothed with long hairs. 3. G. aristata Pursh. Perennial, hirsute, often 6 dm. or more high: leaves lanceo- late or broader (or lower spatulate), from entire to coarsely pinuatifid: rays all yel- low, sometimes 3.5 to 4 cm. long: chaff bristly or subulate, sometimes little shorter than disk-corollas.—Extending from the northern plains to those of northern and western Texas. 4, G. pulchella Foug. Annual, hirsute, lower: leaves softer, from entire to pin- natifid: rays two-colored, lower part red-purple (or darker), the upper or teeth yel- low, at most 2.5 cm. long: chaff rather stouter, hardly surpassing the mature achenes.—Extending from the plains of Arkansas and Louisiana through Texas to those of Arizona and Mexico. Var. Picta Gray is a form of the low grounds of Texas, with somewhat fleshy leaves (when growing near the seashore), and shorter and stouter (more or less subulate) chaff, : 2816—02 16 234 ++ ++ Teeth of disk-corolla short and broad, obtuse, pointless or obscurely so. = Achenes destitute of villous hairs at the upper part: leaves undivided. 5. G. amblyodon Gay. Mostly hirsute, leafy to the top: leaves oblong or the lower spatulate, sessile by an auriculate base, denticulate or upper entire: rays numerous and contiguous, throughout brownish-red, 2.5 cm. or less long.—Sandy prairies of eastern and southern Texas. 6. G. Mexicana Gray. Minutely pubescent, naked above, with long ratherrigid peduncles: leaves lanceolate, rather small, entire, or the lowest sparingly toothed: rays rather sparse and narrow, 1.5 em.or less long, yellow and brownish. (G. pulch- ella, var. Gray, Pl. Wright.)—Hills of southwestern Texas and adjacent Mexico. === Achenes densely long-villous all over: some or all the leaves pinnatifid. 7. G. pinnatifida Torr. Cinereous-pubescent: peduncles scapiform or from short leafy stems, 10 to 25 cm. long: leaves sometimes linear or with linear lobes, some- times spatulate and sinuate or even entire: pappus scales lanceolate.—Plains of southern and western Texas. Nealley’s specimens from the Chenate Mountains have almost all the leaves narrowly linear and entire. 93. SARTWELLIA Gray. Glabrous leafy fastigiately branched annuals, with narrowly linear or filiform entire opposite leaves, very numerous small heads of yellow flowers in corymbiform cymes, 5 oval or oblong somewhat fleshy invo- lucral bracts subtending as many ray-achenes, convex naked recepta- cle, terete oblong or linear 8 to 10-striate achenes, and pappus a deep chaffy cup with fimbriolate edge (in ours). 1. S. Flaverie Gray. Leaves nearly filiform.—Southwestern Texas, on the Pecos and westward. 94. FLAVERIA Juss. Glabrous mostly annual herbs, with opposite sessile leaves, small and fascicled or glomerate 1 to several-flowered heads of yellowish or yellow flowers which are all fertile and tubular or one female and ligulate, 2 to 5 mostly carinate-concave involucral bracts, terete and striate achenes, and no pappus (excepting in one species). * Involucre 4 to 15-flowered, composed of 3 to 5 principal bracts. + Involucre of 5 bracts : heads clustered in broad and open naked-pedunculate compound terminal cymes : no ray. 1. F. chloreefolia Gray. Glaucous, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves entire, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, broadest (from 1 to 5 cm. broad) and connate or connate-perfoliate at base, sometimes as much as 7.5 cm. long: heads about 12-flowered: pappus occa- sionally present, and consisting of 2 to 4 thin scales which are all on one side, leay- ing the other side naked.—Low grounds, southwestern Texas, Nealley’s abundant and fine specimens from ‘‘ Screw Bean” all show pappus. 2. F. longifolia Gray. Rather stout: leaves from linear to lanceolate, broadest or not narrowed at the closely sessile base, 5 to 12.5 cm. long, entire or with few spin- ulate denticulations: heads 10 to 15-flowered.Along the Mexican side of the Rio Grande, and likely to be found on the Texan border. ++ Involucre of (mostly) 3 bracts: heads in closer subsessile or leafy chiefly terminal glomerules, commonly with one ligule. 3. FP. angustifolia Pers. Erect: leaves linear to lanceolate, serrulate or entire, sessile by broadish or little contracted base.—Alkaline ground, southwestern Texas. 235 *” Involuore 1 or 2-flowered, of 1 to 3 unequal bracts : heads densely glomerate. 4, P.repanda Lag. Divergontly branching: leaves obovate tu oblong-lanceolate, with narrowed petiole-like base, acutely serrate: glomerules of many confluent heads, sessile in the forks and involucrate at ends of branches; outermost heads commonly of a single short-ligulate flower. (F. Contrayerba Gray, Pl. Wright.)—Southern and western Texas. 95. POROPHYLLUM Vaill. Usually glaucous and herbaceous or suffrutescent plants, with alter. nate or opposite undivided leaves, pedunculate heads of yellow or pur- plish flowers, 5 to 10 equal and distinct involucral bracts dotted or striped with vil-glands (as often are the leaves also), small naked recep- tacle, no ray-flowers, linear achenes, and simple pappus of copious capillary scabrous bristles. * Annual, with broad crenate-repand leaves on slende? petioles : involucral bracts 5: corol- las purplish: achenes slender. 1. P..macrocephalum DC. Leaves roundish-oval to oblong, about as long as the petiole: peduncles enlarged above: heads 2.5 cm. long: involucral bracts obtuse: achenes much longer than pappus.—Rocky hills and ravines, Limpia Cafion, southwest- ern Texas (Nealley). A species of Arizona and Mexico. * * Perennial, with narrow entire sessile leaves: much branched, 3 to 9 dm. high. 2. P. gracile Benth. Lignescent at base, with slender striate branches: odor pun- gent (‘‘fennel-like”): leaves narrowly linear to filiform: involucre cylindraceous, of 5 oblong obtuse scarious-margined bracts: corollas dull white and purple: achenes attenuate at apex, rather longer than the pappus.—Arid plains of southwestern Texas. 3. P. scoparium Gray. Shrubby at base, with slender rush-like branches: leaves thick and firm, linear-subulate and filiform, mucronate: involucre campanulate, of 7 to 9 broadly lanceolate greenish bracts: corollas yellow: achenes not attenuate at apex, fully equaled by the pappus.—Rocky banks and plains of southwestern Texas. 96. CHRYSACTINIA Gray. A much branched very leafy fruticulose plant, with alternate heath- like leaves, slender-pedunculate heads with golden yellow rays termi- nating the branches, involucre of 10 or more short and distinct bracts, numerous yellow disk-flowers, small naked receptacle, short-linear achenes not attenuate upward, and simple pappus of copious capillary scabrous bristles. 1. C. Mexicana Gray. Leaves thick or almost terete, short-linear or filiform, cuspidate-muconate, entire, with abundant round oil-glands: involucral bracts lanceolate and usually bearing a single large and prominent oil-gland just below the apex: achenes shorter than pappus.—Rocky ground, western Texas. ‘One of the Damianas of the Mexicans; exhaling a strong resinous aromatic odor” (Havard). 97. NICOLLETIA Gray. Low annuals, with alternate irregularly pinnately parted leaves, leafy branches terminated by large heads of purple or flesh-colored flow- ers, 8 to 12 thinnish distinct involucral bracts, naked receptacle, filiform- linear achenes with tapering base, and double pappus (the outer of in- 236° definitely numerous capillary bristles; inner of 5 lanceolate long very thin scales with rib extended into a scabrous awn). 1. N. Bdwardsii Gray. Leaves attenuate-linear, few-lobed: heads somewhat naked pedunculate: involucre 12 mm. long, of 8 or 9 bracts: lignles much exserted, elongated-oblong, toothed at the truncate summit.—Sandy banks and plains of southwestern Texas. 98. DYSODIA Cav. (FETID MARIGOLD.) Annual or biennial herbs dotted with large pellucid glands (which give a strong odor), with heads of yellow flowers terminating the branches, pistillate rays, one row of involucral bracts united into a firm cup (with some loose bractlets at base), flat receptacle (not chaffy but) beset with short chaffy bristles, slender 4-angled achenes, and pappus a row of chaffy scales dissected into numerous rough bristles, 1. D. chrysanthemoides Lag. Nearlysmooth, diffusely branched: leaves oppo- site, pinnately parted, the narrow lobes bristly-toothed or cut: rays few, scarcely exceeding the involucre.—Alluvial soil, extending from the Mississippi Valley across Texas to Arizona. 99. HYMENATHERUM Cass. Low herbs or shrubby plants (mostly pleasant-scented), with alter- nate or opposite leaves, usually radiate heads of yellow flowers, involu- cral bracts united high up into a cup (glandular-dotted or striped), mostly terete and striate achenes, and pappus of several or numerous scales (either 1 to 5-aristate or pointed, or partly resolved into as many bristies, or some or all of them entire and even truncate). * Pappus simple, of 18 to 20 scales, resolved above into about 5 or the alternate ones into 8 capillary bristles : heads scssile (or nearly so) at the end of woody branchlets: leaves opposite, entire. 1. H. acerosum Gray. Shrubby, low, rigid, exceedingly branched: leaves fili- form-acerose, usually with axillary fascic.cs of shorter ones: heads $ to 8 mm. high: involucre with copions large oil-glands: rays oblong. (Aciphyll@a acerosa Gray, Pl. Fendl.)—Western borders of Texas. ** Pappus simple, of 10 rigid scales not longer than the thickish achene and much shorter than the disk-corolla, some of them entire with a single awn, others with 3 aristate- subulate tips : heads loosely calyculate: leaves alternate. 2. H. tagetoides Gray. Rigid glabrous annual, fastigiately branched atsummit: leaves narrowly linear, laciniately and spinulosely dentate or almost pinnatifid: heads less than 12mm. high: involucre rigid, with bracts imbricated but connate almost to the tip: rays oblong, conspicuous. (Dysodia tagetoides Torr. & Gray, FI.) —Low prairies of Texas. *** Pappus-scales 10 to 20, all or the inner ones 1 to 3-awned, the awns about equaling or surpassing the disk-corolla: heads naked at base (or with some small and scanty sub- ulate bracts): rays oblong, conspicuous. + Scales of pappus mostly alike and 3-awned (lateral awns shorter): glabrous leafy- stemmed herbs, 3. H. polychzetum Gray. Low and diffusely much branched, leafy to near the numerous short-peduncled heads: leaves pinnately parted into several short-filiform obtuse and pointless divisions: involucre 10 to 16-toothed: scales of pappus 18 or 20, 237 very narrow, the smaller attenuate into a short single awn, the larger into a longer capillary awn with a delicate short one at each side.—Prairies of southwestern Texas. 4. H. Wrightii Gray. Erect or diffuse, with branches bearing few or solitary heads on peduncles 2.5 to 7.5 om. long: leaves narrowly linear to filiform, setulose- mucronate, many entire, some with 1 to 3 small subulate lobes: involucre 16 to 20- toothed: scales of pappus 10, all slenderly 3-awned, the lateral ones half the length of middle one.—Prairies of southern Texas. 5. H. ‘tenuilobum DC. Diffusely branched and spreading: heads on filiform peduncles 2.5 to 10 em. long: leaves all pinnately parted into 7 to 11 subulate-filiform setulose-mucronate divisions: involucre about 12-toothed: scales of pappus 10, all nearly similar and bearing 2 lateral and a middle longer stouter awn. ( H. tenuifo- lium Gray, Pl. Wright.)—Southeastern Texas, along or near the Rio Grande. + + All 10 pappus scales nearly similar and tapering into a single short awn, the larger mostly 2-setulose. 6. H. Thurberi Gray. Suffruticulose, low and diffuse, cinereous-puberulent or glabrate: leaves rigid and acerose: pappus scales all narrowly lanceolate, alternate shorter ones subulate-awn-pointed, the others with awn and pair of obscure or man- ifest teeth at base.—In extreme southwestern Texas about El Paso. +++ Scales of pappus 10 and of 2 forms, the 5 outer obtuse and pointless, the inner bearing a single awn between a pair of cusps or teeth, ++ Low and diffuse suffruticulose perennials, cinereous-pubescent or glabrate: leaves rigid, pinnately parted into filiform or acerose entire mucronate or subulate-tipped divisions: heads on elongated filiform peduncles. 7. H. Hartwegi Gray. Nearly herbaceous and glabrous: leaves chiefly opposite, of few rather long filiform-acerose divisions: heads numerous, 4 mm. high: outer pappus scales subcoriaceous, with truncate obscurely denticulate summit.—South- western Texas. 8. H. pentachztum DC. Decidedly suffruticulose, cinereous-puberulent to gla- brate (sometimes the foliage canescent): upper leaves alternate, the divisions slen- der subulate-acerose: involucre 4 to 6 mm. high: outer pappus scales thinnish, usually erose at summit.—Dry hills of southern and western Texas. 9, H. Treculii Gray. Diffuse, nearly herbaceous, almost glabrous, with loose elongated leafy branches and very scattered heads: leaves pectinately parted into linear-subulate equal short divisions, which are rather narrower than the rhachis: involucre 6 mm. high: pappus of the preceding.—Southeastern Texas. ++ ++ Low and densely floccose-lanate and soft-leaved annual. 10, H. Gnaphaliopsis Gray. Depressed or diffusely spreading, clothed even to the involucre with dense white wool, leafy up to the sessile or short-peduncled soli- tary heads: leaves alternate, spatulate, entire: involucre 6mm. high: scales of inner pappus narrowly lanceolate.—Hills and plains of southern Texas. Called ‘‘lep- iana” by the Mexicans, and used by them and the Indians as a remedy for catarrh (Havard). ** * * Pappus scales 5 to 12, truncate and pointless, somewhat coriaceous, distinct or cup- ulately connate. 11. HB. Greggii Gray. Fruticulose and in dense tufts: branches thickly leafy up to the filiform glabrate peduncles: leaves white-tomentose, short, heath-like ; lower 3 to T-parted, upper entire and setaceous: rays short, sometimes wanting: pappus scales united into an entire truncate cup. (Thymophylla Greggit Sray, Pl. Fendl. & Pl. Wright.)—Southwestern Texas, on the Pecos, etc. 12. H. aureum Gray. Wholly glabrous much branched annual, erect or diffuse, bearing numerous short-peduncled heads: leaves pinnately parted into 7 to 9 linear- filiform pointless divisions: rays 6mm. long: pappus of 6 or 8 quadrate or oblong and erose-truncate scales. (Lowellia aurea Gray, Pl. Fendl. & Pl. Wright.)—Plains of western Texas. 238 100. PECTIS L. Mostly low and spreading usually glabrous heavy-scented herbs, with narrow opposite leaves conspicuously dotted with round oil-glands, and usually with copious slender rigid bristles at base, radiate heads of yel- low flowers, equal keeled involucral bracts in a single series, small naked receptacle, linear terete or angled achenes, and pappus of bristles or awns (sometimes chaffy at base), or of scales, or coroniform, or obso- lete. * Pappus of a few scales, or slender awns, or reduced to a chaffy crown, or obsolete. + Pappus of conspicuous scales which are prolonged into awns: involucral bracts broad. 1. P. prostrata Cav. Procumbent or prostrate: leaves oblanceolate or spatulate- linear: heads sessile or nearly so: disk-flowers 5 or 6: pappus-scales ovate-lanceo- late, often unequal, short-uwned.—Southwestern Texas. ++ Pappus of 1 to 6 scabrous awns, or reduced to a chaffy crown, or obsolete : involucral bracts linear, at length with involute margins partly surrounding outer achenes: low and much branched. ++ Heads subsessile or short-peduncled, more or less fastigiate or cymose at the end of branches. 2. P. tenella DC. Pappus of 3 to 6 slender awns not much shorter than the achene; no scales or crown.—Southern Texas. 3. P. angustifolia Torr. Lemon-scented: pappusa crown of 4 or 5 mostly connate scales, and sometimes 1 or 2 slender usually short awns. (Incl. P. fastigiata Gray, Pl. Fendl.)—Dry hills and plains of southern and western Texas. Dr. Havard says that this species and nos. 5 and 6 are lemon-scented, ‘‘with abundant star-like yel- low blossoms, filling the air with their fragrance.” +++ Heads scattered or solitary, on filiform peduncles terminating stem and diffuse branches. 4. P. filipes Gray. Lemon-scented: involucral bracts 5: pappus of 2 or 3 (rarely 1) rigid subulate awns, with thickened bases and usually very short interposed seales, sometimes all united into a crown, or some disk-flowers destitute of pappus.—- Mountains west of the Pecos. ** Pappus of numerous capillary bristles and no scales. 5. P. papposa Gray. Diffusely or divaricately much branched: leaves very nar- row and elongated, with very few bristles at base: peduncles once to thrice the length of the heads: involucral bracts 7 to 9: pappus of 12 to 18 unequal barbellate bristles in one series, occasionally reduced to a scaly crown, or quite obsolete.— Southwestern Texas, beyond the Pecos. (See note under no. 3.) 6. P. longipes Gray. Forming spreading or depressed tufts: leaves crowded, conspicuously bristly at base: peduncles elongated, often scape-like, 7.5 to 10 cm. long: involucral bracts 12 or 13: pappus of ray-flowers setosely 2-awned; of the disk of 20 to 30 scabrous bristles, and of some small more attenuate outer ones.—South- western Texas. (See note under no. 3.) 101. LEUCAMPYX Gray. Perennial flocculent-woolly (becoming glabrate) herbs, with pinnately dissected leaves, conspicuously radiate heads, broad equal involucral bracts in 2 or 3 series and with white-scarious margins, scarious chaff partly infolding the disk-achenes, 3-angled glabrous achenes with nar- rowed base and rounded summit, and pappus an obscure scaly soon ob- solete crown. 239 1, L. Newberryi Gray. Leaves 2 to 3-pinnately parted into filiform-linear ses- ments: heads few or several at the naked summit of the stem: rays 18 mm. long, o )- scurely 3-lobed, at first yellow, soon changing to cream-color or white: achenus turning black.—Guadalupe Mountains, extreme southwestern Texas (Havard). 102. ANTHEMIS L. (CHAMOMILE. ) Branching strong-scented herbs, with finely pinnately dissected leaves, solitary terminal many-flowered heads with white rays and yel- luw disk, numerous small imbricated dry and scarious involucral scales, conical receptacle with slender chaff at least near the summit, terete or ribbed glabrous truncate achenes, and pappus none or a minute crown. 1, A. Cotula DC. (May-wrep.) Acrid,annual: leaves finely 3-pinnately dissected : rays mostly neutral: receptacle without chaff near the margin: pappus none. (Maruta Cotula DC.)—A very common weed, introduced from Europe. Known in many places as ‘“ dog-fennel.” 103. ACHILLEA Vaill. (Yarrow.) Perennial herbs, with small corymbose many-flowered radiate heads, few and fertile rays, imbricated involucral bracts with scarious mar- gins, chaffy flattish receptacle, oblong flattened margined achenes, and no pappus. 1. A. Millefolium L. Stems simple: leaves twice-pinnately parted; the divisions linear, 3 to 5-cleft, crowded: corymb compound, flat-topped: rays 4 or 5, short and white (sometimes rose-color).—Commonly introduced throughout all North America, Known both as “milfoil” and ‘ yarrow.” 104. MATRICARIA Tourn. (WILD CHAMOMILE.) Smooth and branching herbs, with finely divided leaves, single or corymbed many-flowered heads, pistillate rays or none, imbricated invo- lucral bracts with scarious margins, conical naked receptacle, 3 to 5- ribbed wingless achenes, and pappus a membranaceous crown or bor- der or none. 1. M. Chamomila L. Aromatic annual, resembling “‘mayweed”: heads 6 mm. high and rays as long: involucral bracts oblong and fuscous: achenes with an ob- scure border and usually no distinct pappus.—Introduced in some of the Atlantic States, but represented in cultivated fields of central and southern Texas by var. coronata Gray, in which the ray achenes and mostly those of the disk are fur- nished with a conspicuous thin scarious cleft and toothed (sometimes unilateral) pappus. 105. ARTEMISIA L. (Wormwoop. SaGE-BRUSH. MuGWoRT.) Bitter and aromatic herbs or shrubby plants, with small commonly nodding discoid heads in panicled spikes or racemes, small and flattish naked receptacle, obovoid achenes with a small summit, and no pap- pus. * Receptacle smooth: marginal flowers pistillate and fertile: disk-flowers perfeot but sterile, + Leaves dissected or divided. 1. A. caudata Michx. Smooth, 6 to 15 dm. high: upper leaves pinnately, the lower 2 to 3-pinnately divided, the divisions filiform and diverging: heads small, the racemes in a wand-like elongated panicle.—Sandy ground, near the coast. 240 2. A. Canadensis Michx. Smooth, or hoary with silky down, 3 to 6 dm. high: lower leaves twice-pinnately divided, the upper 3 to 7-divided, the divisions linear, rather rigid: heads rather large, in panicled racemes.—A far northern and Rocky Mountain species, found in Texas on the “ Staked Plains.” 8. A.redolens Gray. Radical branches whitish tomentulose, otherwise green and glabrous (or nearly so): leaves 3 to 5-parted into linear subentire segments: heads 3 mm. high, ina long erect panicle: involucre glabrous.—A species of the Chihuahua Mountains (Pringle), ‘‘on cool slopes under cliffs,” and discovered in the Chisos Mountains of southwestern Texas (Nealley). Said to have ‘a powerful odor, like that of A. Absinihium but stronger, which burdens the air of the whole hillside” (Pringle, in Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., 21). + + Leaves entire or some 8-cleft. 4, A. dracunculoides Pursh. Tall, 6 to 15 dm. high, somewhat woody at base, slightly hoary or glabrous: leaves linear ‘and entire, or the lower 3-cleft: heads small and numerous, panicled.—A common and polymorphous species of the north- ern plains, extending into northern and western Texas. 5. A. filifolia Torr. Suffruticose, finely canescent, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves all fili- form, the lower commonly 3-parted: heads very small and numerous, crowded in a long leafy panicle.—A species of the northern plains, extending to New Mexico and the western borders of Texas. ** Receptacle smooth: flowers all fertile, a few pistillate, the others perfect : branching perennials 3 to 15 dm. high. 6. A. Ludoviciana Nutt. Whitened woolly throughout: leaves lanceolate, the upper mostly entire, the lower usually cut-lobed, toothed or pinnatifid, the upper surface sometimes glabrate and green: heads mostly sessile in narrow panicles. — Extending from the northern plains through Texas to Mexico. 7. A. Mexicana Willd. Less woolly-tomentose, and the involucre canescent or glabrate: leaves narrow-lanceolate to linear, some 3 to 5-cleft or parted, the lower (radical) cuneate, incisely pinnatifid ortrifid: heads very numerous in an ample loose panicle, many pedicellate.—Extending from the dry plains of Arkansas through Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Variously referred to A. Ludoviciana and A. vulgaris, *** Receptacle hairy: flowers all fertile, the marginal ones pistillate. 8. A. frigida Willd. Low, 15 to 50 cm. high, in tufts, slightly woody at base, white-silky: leaves pinnately parted and 3 to 5-cleft, the divisions narrow-linear: heads globose, racemose.—Mountains and plains of western Texas. 106. PSATHYROTES Gray. Low and pubescent annuals (scapose in ours), with round-cordate or ovate petioled leaves, rather small many-flowered discoid heads of yel- lowish perfect and fertile flowers, lax involucral bracts in 2 series, flat naked receptacle, terete obscurely striate villous or hirsute achenes, and pappus of copious very unequal rather rigid obscurely denticulate bristles shorter than the corolla and fuscous or rusty at least in age. 1. P. scaposa Gray. Leaves all at or near the base, ovate or roundish, almost en- tire, at first loosely white-tomentose, at length glabrate: scapes or naked peduncles several, 7.5 to 10 cm. high, bearing 3 to 7 corymbosely disposed heads, glandular- pubescent: achenes hirsute: pappus about half as long as corolla.—Bordors of Texas near E] Paso. 107. BARTLETTIA Gray. Slender almost glabrous annual, with slender-petioled roundish leaves, many-flowered radiate heads with yellow flowers all fertile, lax involucral bracts in 2 or 3 series (the inner and larger membranaceous), 241 convex tuberculate naked receptacle, compressed wed ge-oblong avhenes with a strong salient nerve to each margin and (usually) on the middle of one face (these densely long-hirsute, the faces glabrate), and pappus of numerous somewhat unequal barbellate fuscous bristles in a single series and equaling the disk-corolla. 1. B. scaposa Gray. Flowering almost from the base by 1-headed scapes 15 to 25 em. high, and later by similar peduncles terminating sparsely leafy branching stems: leaves roundish or subcordate, repand-dentate, some 3 to 5-lobed: involucre pubescent.—Near El Paso in Mexico and New Mexico, and very probably within the Texan border. 108. HAPLOESTHES Gray. Somewhat fleshy herbaceous or sutfrutescent fastigiately branched glabrous leafy plants, with opposite very narrow leaves, many-flowered radiate heads with yellow flowers all fertile, 4 or 5 nearly equal orbicu- lar or broadly oval strongly overlapping involucral bracts, flat naked receptacle, linear terete striate-ribbed glabrous achenes, and pappus a single series of rather rigid and scabrous whitish bristles about equal- ing the disk-corolla. 1. H. Greggii Gray. Leafy up to the loose cymes of a few slender-pedunculate naked heads: leaves very narrowly linear or filiform, entire, the lower connate at base: heads 4 to 6 mm. high, with yellowish-tinged bracts: ligules 2 to 4 mm. long ornone. (Aplopappus Texanus Coulter).—Saline soil, in western Texas. 109. SENECIO Tourn. (GROUNDSEL.) Herbs (in U.8.), with alternate leaves, solitary or corymbed many- flowered heads of chiefly yellow flowers, pistillate rays or none, cylin- drical to bell-shaped simple involucre (or with a few bractlets at base) of erect-connivent bracts, flat naked receptacle, and pappus of numer- ous very soft and slender capillary bristles.—Heads conspicuously ra- diate in all ours. * Root annual or biennial : herb: gv glabrous or soon becoming so. 1. S. ampullaceus Hook. Lightly floccose when young, becoming smooth: stem stout, 3 to 6 dm. high, leafy to near the summit: leaves all undivided, repand-den- tate or entire, ovate or oblong, 2.5 to 15 cm. long; lowest obovate, with tapering wiug-petioled base; upper mostly clasping with broad base: heads rather numerous ia loose naked cymes: rays 7 to 9: achenes canescent.—Sandy prairies of Texas. 2. S. multilobatus Torr. & Gray. Early glabrate and smooth, 3 to 6 dm. high, naked and often branching above, bearing numerous corymbed heads: radical and lower stem-leaves lyrate, with dentate divisions; upper pinnately parted, their mostly numerous narrowly cuneate divisions incised or 2 or 3-lobed at apex. (8. Tampicanus Gray Pl. Wright. )—Western borders of Texas. 8. S. lobatus Pers. Lightly floccose when young, early glabrous and very smooth, 3 to9 dm. high, bearing a naked corymb of small heads: leaves somewhat fleshy, lyrate or pinnate, the divisions or leaflets from roundish to cuneate or oblong, cre- nate or cut-lobed, irregular and variable: rays 6 to 12, conspicuous.—Common in wet grounds, in the low country from the Gulf States through Texas to Mexica, Commonly known as “ butter-weed. m 242 * * Root perennial. ~ Stems numerously or somewhat equably leafy to the top: leaves or their divisions nar- rowly linear. 4, S. Douglasii DC. More or less woody at base, many-stemmed, 3to 18 dm. high, white-tomentose or glabrate and green: leaves sometimes all entire and elongated- linear, more commonly pinnately parted into 3 to7 linear or nearly filiform entire divisions: heads cymose: rays 8 to 18, 8to 12 mm. long. (8. longilobus Benth.)— Extending from the open plains and hills of the north to western Texas. + + Stems either few-leaved or the upper leaves reduced in size: none with leaves or their divisions narrow linear. 5. S. aureus L. Smooth, or floccose-woolly when young, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves thin, the radical simple and rounded, the larger ones mostly heart-shaped, crenate- toothed, long-petioled; lower stem-leaves lyrate; upper ones lanceolate, cut-pinnat- ifid, sessile or partly clasping: corymb umbel-like: rays 8 to 12.—Usually in damp shaded ground, throughout all North America east of the Sierra Nevada. Known as “golden ragwort” and ‘‘squaw-weed.” Immensely variable. Var. OBOVATUS Torr. & Gray occurs in more open grounds, and has thicker root-leaves, which are round-obovate with a cuneate or truncate base, or the earliest almost sessile in rosu- late tufts. Var. BaLtsaMiTz Torr. & Gray is found in rocky or nearly dry ground, is less glabrate, with oblong, spatulate, orlanceolate root-leaves narrowed to the peti- ole and serrate, the upper lyrate-pinnatifid, and heads rather small and numerous. Var. compactus Gray occurs mostly in saline soil in northwestern Texas, and is low, in close rather rigid tutts, with oblanceolate or attenuate-spatulate radical leaves entire or3-toothed at apex or pinnatifid-dentate, lanceolate or linear entire or pinnat- ifid stem-leaves, and rather numerous small and crowded heads. 6. S. lugens Richards. Woolly pubescent when young, soon glabrate and green: leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong, usually repand or callous-denticulate, the upper bract-like and attenuate from a broad base: heads about 10 mm. high, with mostly black-tipped involucral bracts: rays 10 or 12.—A species of the Rocky Mountains, and reported from Gillespie County (Jermy). 110. CACALIA L. (INDIAN PLANTAIN.) Smooth and tall perennial herbs, with alternate often petioled leaves, rather large 5 to many-flowered discoid heads in flat corymbs, white or whitish flowersall tubular and perfect, erect-connivent involucral bracts in a single row (with a few bractlets at base), naked receptacle, deeply 5-cleft corolla, oblong smooth achenes, and pappus of numerous soft capillary bristles. 1. C. tuberosa Nutt. Stem angled and grooved, 6 to 18 dm. high, from a thick or tuberous root: leaves green both sides, thick, strongly 5 to 7-nerved; the lowerlance- ovate or oval, nearly entire, tapering into petioles; the upper on short margined petioles, sometimes toothed at apex: involucre 5-leaved and 5-flowered: receptacle with a pointed appendage in the center.—A plant of the wet prairies of the north- ern and Gulf States, and reported from Gillespie County (Jermy). 111. ARCTIUM L. (BurRpDock.) Coarse biennial weeds, with large unarmed and petioled leaves, small solitary or clustered many-flowered discoid heads of purple (rarely white) flowers (which are all tubular and perfect), globular involucre with imbricated coriaceous bracts appressed at base and attenuate to long stiff points with hooked tips, bristly receptacle, oblong flattened 2438 transversely-wrinkled achenes, and short pappus of numerous rough separate and deciduous bristles. 1. A. Lappa L. Stout, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves roundish or ovate and mostly cor- date, or lanceolate with cuneate base, smooth above, somewhat floccose-tomentose beneath, mostly sinuate-denticulate. (Lappa officinalis All.)\—A common European weed of waste or manured ground. 112. CNICUS Tourn. (Common or PLUMED THISTLE.) Mostly biennial herbs, with sessile alternate often pinnatifid and prickly leaves, usually large terminal heads of reddish-purple (rarely white or yellowish) flowers (which are all tubular, perfect and similar, rarely imperfectly dicscious), ovoid or spherical involucre of bracts im- bricated in many rows and tipped with a point or prickle, receptacle thickly clothed with soft bristles or hairs, oblong flattish (not ribbed) achenes, and pappus of numerous bristles united into a ring at base, plumose to the middle and deciduous. (Mostly known formerly as Cirsium.) * Heads leafy-bracteate at base: proper bracts of the involucre not prickly. 1. C. horridulus Pursh. Stem stout, webby-haired when young, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves partly clasping, green, soon smooth, lanceolate, pinnatifid, the short toothed and cut lobes very spiny with yellowish prickles: heads 2.5 to 3.5 cm. broad, sur- rounded by leaf-like and very prickly bracts, which usually equal the narrow in- volucral bracts: flowers pale yellow or purple.—Sandy or gravelly soil, near the coast. ** Scales appressed, the tnner not at all prickly. + Leaves white-woolly bencath, and sometimes also above: outer involucral bracts succes- sively shorter, and tipped with short prickles. «+ Principal involucral bracts with more or less rigid and pungent prickles : leaves mostly persistently tomentose above as well as below. 2, C. ochrocentrus Gray. Often tall, from 3 to 9 dm. or even 18 to 25 dm. high: leaves commonly but not always deeply pinnatifid and armed with long yellowish prickles: heads 2.5 to 5 cm, high: involucral bracts rather broad and flat, the viscid line on the back narrow or not rarely obsolete, tipped with a prominent spreading yellowish pricklo: corolla purple, rarely white.—Plains of western Texas. 3. C. undulatus Gray. Usually lower, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves rarely pinnately parted, moderately prickly: heads mostly 3.5 em. high: principal involucral bracts mostly thickened on the back by the broader glandular-viscid ridge, smaller and nar- rower, and tipped with an evident spreading short prickle: corollas rose-color, pur- ple or white.—A variable species of the northern plains, represented in Texas by the var. MEGACEPHALUS Gray, which is 4 stouter usually broader-leaved form, with broad heads 5 cm. or more high. ~» «+ _Involucral bracts tipped with weak bristle-like prickles, or sometimes hardly any : upper leaf face soon glabrate and green. 4, CG. altissimus Willd. Stem downy, branching, 9 to 30 dm. high, leafy quite to the heads: leaves roughish-hairy above, whitened with close woo] beneath, oblong- ovate to narrowly lanceolate, undivided, sinuate-toothed, undulate-pinnatifid, or twice pinnatifid, the lobes or teeth weakly prickly: flowers chiefly purple.—Borders of woods and open ground, common in the Atlantic States and extending into Texas. On the prairies and in the live-oak thickets is found var. FILIPENDULUS Gray, which is smaller (6 to 9 dm. high), with tuberiferous roots, mostly deeply pinnatifid leaves, 244 and few heads, Reported from Gillespie County (Jermy) is the northern var. DISCOLOR Gray, which is 6 to 18 dm. high, and with leaves nearly all deeply pinnatifid into lanceolate or linear lobes. 5. C. Virginianus Pursh. Stem woolly, slender, simple or sparingly branched, 3 to 9 dm. high, the branches or long peduncles naked: leaves lanceolate, whitened with close wool beneath, ciliate with prickly bristles, entire or sparingly sinuate- lobed, sometimes the lower deeply sinuate-pinnatifid: heads small: outer involucral bracts scarcely prickly: flowers purple.—Pine woods and dry banks, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas. + + Leaves green both sides, or only with loosecobwebby hairs beneath: involucral bracts scarcely prickly-pointed. 6. C. Wrightii Gray. Robust and tall, with thin cobwebby wool tardily decidu- ous from the ample (3 dm. or more long) sinuate or pinnatifid weakly prickly leaves: heads in a naked panicle: involucral bracts small, the principal ones conspicuously viscid-glandular on the back, outer ones subulate and cuspidate-tipped: corollas white (?).—Near springs, southwestern Texas (Wright). 113. CENTAUREA L. (STAR-THISTLE.) Herbs, with alternate leaves, single many-flowered heads, flowers all tubular (the marginal often much larger, as it were radiate, and sterile), bristly receptacle, ovoid or globose involucre with margined or appendaged imbricated bracts, obovoid or oblong achenes attached obliquely at or near the base, and setose or partly chafty pappus or none. * Achenes terete, 10-dentate: pappus of 10 long bristles and 10 short inner ones. 1. C. benedicta L. Low branching annual, with clasping scarcely pinnatifid cut leaves, large sessile leafy-bracted heads, and yellow flowers (Cnicus benedictus L).—Introduced into waste grounds, at seaports and elsewhere. Rare, ** Achenes compressed or 4-angled: pappus of copious similar but unequal bristles. 2, C. Americana Nutt. Nearly glabrous annual: stem stout, mostly simple, 6 to 18 dm. high, thickened under the naked head: leaves entire or mostly so, oblong- lanceolate, mucronate: involucre 2.5 to 3.5 cm. broad, its very numerous bracts all with conspicuously fringed scarious appendages: flowers rose or flesh-color, the neu- tral marginal ones forming an ample ray: pappus bristles longer than the achene.— Extending from the plains of Arkansas and Louisiana through Texas to Arizona and adjacent Mexico. 114. GOCHNATIA HBK. Shrubby plants, with alternate coriaceous leaves which are usually entire and tomentose beneath, heads of white flowers in sessile panicu- late fascicles, dry or coriaceous regularly imbricated involucral bracts, flat naked receptacle, corollas all alike and deeply 5-cieft into linear revolute lobes, oblong silky-villous achenes, and pappus of copious rather rigid capillary scabrous or barbellulate bristles, 1. G. hypoleuca Gray. Rigid shrub, 18 to 24 dm. high: leaves oblong or oval, very short-petioled: glabrous and bright green above, finely white-tomentose be- neath (as also the branchlets): involucre 5 to 7-flowered, the flowers all perfect.— Southern Texas, between the Rio Frio and the Nueces, and at Laredo (Palmer), and in adjacent Mexico, 245 115. CHAPTALIA Vent. Low floccose-tomentose chiefly stemless perennial herbs, with leaves in a radical tuft (persistently canescent beneath, glabrate above), naked elongated scapes bearing solitary radiate heads of white or purplish flowers (ray-flowers pistillate and fertile, simply ligulate; disk-flowers perfect and all or some of them sterile, more or less bilabiate), narrow appressed-imbricated involucral bracts (the outer successively shorter), naked receptacle, oblong or fusiform 5-nerved achenes attenuate or beaked at apex, and pappus of copious very fine and soft capillary bristles. 1. C. tomentosa Vent. Leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, thickish, entire or retrorsely denticulate, white beneath with dense matted tomentum: rays broadly linear: achenes glabrous, merely attenuate into a neck.—Extending from the pine barrens of the Gulf States into eastern Texas, but with unrecorded western limit. 2. C. nutans Hemsl. Leaves obovate or oblong, sometimes lyrate-sinuate, thin, white beneath with more cottony or even webby tomentum: rays small and narrow, little exserted: achenes pubescent or glabrate, with slender filiform beak as long as the body.—Wooded grounds of Texas, to Arizona and Mexico. 116. PEREZIA Lag. Perennial herbs (usually a tuft of wool at base of stem), with coria- ceous or papery reticulated leaves, solitary or paniculate or cymose heads of fragrant rose-purple to white perfect and fertile scarcely bilabiate flowers, dry and firm involucral bracts imbricated in few to several series, flat mostly naked receptacle, puberulent elongated-oblong terete or obscurely angled achenes sometimes narrowed but not beaked, and pappus of copious capillary scabrous bristles (either rather rigid or soft). *Low: heads single or few, 12 to 24mm. long, 20 to 30-flowered. 1. P. runcinata Lag. Acaulescent, scabrous-puberulent or glabrate: rootstocks short, sending down tuberous-thickened fascicled roots: radical leaves runcinate- pinnatifid, 10 to 20cm. long, thin; lobes rounded, copiously fringed with spinulose teeth, margined-petioled: scapes naked, equaling the leaves, bearing solitary or a few pedunculate heads: involucral bracts setaceous-acuminate: pappus rather sor- did.—Dry ground, eastern and southern Texas, 2. P. nana Gray. Leaty-stemmed and glabrous: rootstocks slender, creeping: first leaves small and scale-like; principal stem-leaves firm, orbiculate, dilated-obo- vate, or ovate (2.5 to 5 cm. long), coarsely spinulose-dentate, sessile or partly clasp- ing: heads mostly sessile, solitary and terminal: involucral bracts acutish: pappus white.—Dry plains and rocky bluffs, throughout southern Texas (and adjacent Mexico) to Arizona. ; ** Taller (8 to 9dm, high), branching, leafy up to the corymbose many-headed inflores- cence: heads 8 to 12-flowered, 12 mm. or less long. 3. P. Wrightii Gray. Mostly glabrous throughout: leaves thin, oblong to nearly ovate, densely spinulose-dentate, often unequally or doubly so, closely sessile by sagittate-cordate (or truncate) base: involucral bracts all pointless and obtuse,— Rocky hills and ravines, along the Pecos and westward. 117. TRIXIS P. Browne. Suffruticose plants, with entire or denticulate leaves, rather few- flowered heads of perfect and fertile bilabiate yellow flowers, 8 to 12 246 equal involucral bracts in a single series (subtended by a few bractei- form leaves), villous receptacle, slender achenes with a tapering or beaked summit, and soft pappus. 1. T. angustifolia DC. Much branched, 3 to 6 dm. high, sericeous-puberulent to glabrate, leafy up to the heads: leaves sessile, rather rigid, from broadly to very narrowly lanceolate: heads simply fascicled or singly terminating leafy branchlets, 9 to 12-flowered: involucral bracts gibbous and indurated at base in age: pappus barely fulvous.—Hills and cations of southwestern Texas, west of the Pecos. 118. APOGON Ell. Low glaucescent mostly glabrous annuals branching from the base, with lanceolate (or lower oblong) leaves from entire or repand to den- tate or the radical lyrate-pinnatifid (uppermost closely sessile, often seemingly opposite), rather small scattered heads of yellow flowers on slender peduncles, usually 8 oblong-lanceolate herbaceous involucral bracts (becoming concave and with tips conniving in fruit), naked re- ceptacle, terete obovoid 10-ribbed somewhat scabrous achenes, and rarely an obsolete vestige of pappus. 1. A. humilis Ell. Peduncles naked, or rarely obscurely hispid under the head: head 4 mm. high in fruit: corollas pure yellow, little longer thaninvolucre: achenes oblong-obovate.—Open ground, exteuding from the Gulf States into Texas. 2. A. gracilis DC. Sometimes slender and strict, not rarely stouter than the pre- ceding, often some bristly hairs on stem and lower leaves: peduncles usually glan- dular-hispid some way below the head, which is commonly 6 mm. high in fruit: co- rollas orange, conspicuously exserted,twice as long as the involucre: achenes thicker and obtuser at apex, with sometimes an obscure vestige of pappus.—Rocky prairics of Texas. 3. A. Wrightii Gmy. Resembling slender and narrow-leaved forms of preceding, rather diffuse: heads equally small: achenes larger and thicker, little contracted at either end, and with comparatively large areola, which is bordered by obscure ves- tige of pxuppus.—Eastern Texas (Wright). Dr. Gray suggests that this may bea hybrid between A. gracilis and Krigia occidentalis. 119. KRIGIA Schreb. (DWARF DANDELION.) Small herbs branching from the base, with chiefly radical lyrate or toothed leaves, small heads of yellow flowers terminating the naked scapes or branches, thin involucral bracts in about 2 rows, short and truncate top-shaped or columnar terete or angled achenes, and double pappus (the outer of thin pointless chaffy scales, the inner of delicate bristles.) 1. K. occidentalis Nutt. Annual, commonly somewhat glandular: leaves obovate to lanceolate, entire, lyrately lobed or pinnatifid: heads 4 to 6 mm. high, with 5 to 8 oblong-lanceolate involucral bracts (becoming firmer, erect and kecled in fruit, with a conspicuous midnerve): achenes turbinate: pappus of 5 conspicuous rounded- obovate scales with as many alternating bristles or awns.—Prairies of Texas. 2, K. Virginica Willd. Annual, often sparsely hispidulons, with stems or scapes several and becoming branched and leafy: earlier leaves roundish and entire, the others narrower and often pinnatifid: heads 6 to 8 mm. high, with 9 to 18 thin and narrow involucral bracts (reflexed after the fall of the achenes): achenes turbinate and 5-angled: pappus of 5 to 7 short roundish scales and as many alternating capil- lary bristles.—Sandy ground, extending from the Aflantic and Gulf States into Texas, at least as far west as Gillespie County (Jermy). 247 3. K. Dandelion Nutt. Perennial, and glaucescent with slender tuberiferous roots, and leafless scapes: leaves varying from spatulate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire or few-lobed: head about 12 mm. high: achenes more slender: pappus of 10 to15 small oblong scales and 15 to 20 bristles. (Cynthia Dandelion DC).—Moist ground, extending from the Southern States into Texas. 120. STEPHANOMERIA Nutt. Mostly smooth and glabrous annuals or perennials, with branching and often rigid or rush-like stems, small or merely scale-like leaves on the flowering branches, usually paniculate heads of 3 to 20 pink or rose- colored flowers, cylindrical or oblong involucre of several appressed and equal flat membranaceous bracts (and some short calyculate ones), 5-angled or ribbed achenes (sometimes with intermediate ribs), and pappus a series of plumose bristles or rarely chaffy awns.—In ours the heads are 3 to 9 (mostly 5)-flowered. * Pappus plumose to base (except in No. 1), and not at all chaffy-dilated below. 1. S. runcinata Nutt. A comparatively stout and rigid perennial, branching from thick roots, with spreading striate and rush-like branches which are small-leaved or nearly leafless above: heads mostly 8 to 10mm. high and scattered along the branches: lower Jeaves runcinate-pinnatifid, commonly lanceolate; upper linear or reduced to scales: pappus plumose only to near the base.—Extending from the northern plains to those of northwestern Texas. 2. S. minor Nutt. Like the last, but more slender, and with ascending branches bearing usually terminal and smaller heads: stem-leaves all slender, often filiform: pappus very plumose down to base.—“‘Staked Plains” and westward. 3. S. Wrightii Gray. Slender, with single paniculate stems, and long slender subterranean shoots: stem-leaves mosily filiform and entire; those of the radical tuft linear to spatulate and laciniate-pinnatifid: heads nearly 12mm. high, sparse, pedunculate, terminating slender branches: pappus long-plumose.—“In pebbly bed of Howard’s Creek,” western Texas (Wright). * * Pappus plumose above, naked below the middle, chaffy-dilated at base. 4. S. exigua Nutt. Paniculately branching (not rarely robust) stems with slen- der branches and branchlets: radical and lower stem-leaves pinnatifid or bipinnat- ifid, those of the branches mostly reduced to short scales: heads 6 to 10mm. high: pappus-bristles 9 to 18, their dilated bases commonly a little connate.—Western bor- der of Texas. 121. PINAROPAPPUS Less. Deep-rooted perennial, with scapiform stems, solitary many-flowered campanulate heads of rose-tinged (or almost white) flowers, thinnish imbricated involucral bracts (the outer successively shorter), attenuate- linear chaff of the receptacle deciduous with the achenes, glabrous slender terete 10 to 15-ribbed achenes tapering from the callous base into a short slender beak, and sordid pappus of copious soft-capillary bristles. 1, P. roseus Less. Glabrous and glaucescent: stems with a few minute bracts and 1-headed, or leafy below with a few naked branches, slender, rather rigid: leaves lanceolato and entire, and some pinnatifid: head over 12 mm, high, with conspicu- ous ligules.—High and rocky prairies of southern Texas. 248 122. HIERACIUM Tourn. (HAWKWEED.) Hispid or hirsute and often glandular perennials, with entire or toothed leaves, single or panicled 12 to many-flowered heads of mostly yellow flowers, more or less imbricated involucre, naked receptacle, short oblong or columnar striate not beaked achenes, and pappus a single row of tawny and fragile capillary rough bristles. 1. H. longipilum Torr. Stem wand-like, simple, stout, 6 to 9 din. high, very leafy toward the base, naked above, and bearing a small racemed panicle; the lower por- tion and both sides of the oblong-lanceolate or spatulate entire leaves thickly clothed with very long and upright bristles (often 2.5 cm.long): peduncles and involucre (10 to 12 mm. high) glandiular-bristly: achenes narrowed at apex.—Open woods and prairies, extendiug into lexas from the northern States. 2. H. Rusbyi Greene. Leafy-stemmed, bearing numerous compound-paniculate heads: stem hirsute below, smooth and glabrous above: leaves elongated-oblong, entire, mostly half-clasping at base: involucre (6 mm.high) barely puberulent: achenes columnar, not at all tapering upward: pappus sordid.—A species of New Mexico, but represented on the western borders of Texas (between the Limpio and the Rio Grande) by var. WRIGHTII Gray, which is more robust and branching, with hispid stem-bristles (from papilliform base), hispidulous branches and even peduncles, and sometimes a few bristles near tips of involucral bracts: pappus dull white. 123. LYGODESMIA Don. Smooth, often glaucous low perennials, with single erect heads of (5 to 10) rose-purple flowers terminating almost leafless or rush-like stems or branches, elongated cylindrical involucre of linear scales in a single row, naked receptacle, long and slender achenes: tapering at summit, and copious soft whitish pappus. 1. L, juncea Don. Much branched from tho deep-rooted base: leaves small; lower lanceolate-linear from a broadish base, 2.5 to 5 cm. long; upper reduced to small sub- ulate scales: heads 5-flowered, at most 12 mm. long: ligules 6 to 8 mm. long.—Plains of western Texas. 2. L. grandiflora Torr. & Gray. Stems separate or few from the root, simple below; the larger plants leafy, corymbosely branched above and bearing few or nu- merous heads: leaves all entire, linear-attenuate, 5 to 10 em. long, only the very up- permost reduced to scales: heads 5 to 10-flowered, fully 18 mm. long: ligules of equal length, showy, rose-red.—Southern Texas (Palmer). 3. L. aphylla DC. Stems mostly solitary from the root, slender and rush-like, naked or nearly so, once or twice forked above, and bearing solitary long-peduncled heads: leaves filiform, elongated, entire or rarely with 1 or 2 teeth; upper reduced to mere scales at forks: heads mostly 10-flowered, 16 to 18mm. long: ligules of equal length.—A species of the Gulf States barrens, but represented on rocky hills and plains throughout Texas by var. Tzyxana Torr. & Gray, which is stouter, with more ntunerous leaves from filiform and usually with 2 or 3 lateral lobes to linear and sparingly pinnately lobed. 124. TARAXACUM Haller. (DANDELION.) Perennials or biennials, with radical pinnatifid or runcinate leaves, many-flowered large heads of yellow flowers solitary on a slender hol- low scape, double involucre (outer of short bracts, inner of long linear bracts erect in a single row), oblong-ovate to fusiform 4 or 5-ribbed 249 achenes, the apex prolonged into a very slender beak which bears the copious soft and white capillary pappus. 1, T. officinale Weber. Smooth, or at first pubescent: outer involucre reflexed. (Z. Dens-leonis Desf.)—Common everywhere, an introduction from Europe. The pappus, finally displayed in an open globular head, is familiar to all. 125. PYRRHOPAPPUS DC. (FALSE DANDELION.) Mostly annual or biennial herbs scapose or often branching and leafy below, with solitary heads of deep yellow flowers terminating the naked summit of stem or branches, heads, etc., like Taraxacum, except the soft pappus is reddish or rusty-color and surrounded at base by a soft- villous ring. * Scapose and with solitary head. 1, P. scaposus DC. Low and simple perennial by roundish tubers: leaves all radical and pinnatifid.—Extending from the plains of Arkansas and Kansas to those of Texas. * * More or less leafy-stemmed and branching. 2, P. Carolinianus DC. Annual or biennial, freely branching, 6 to 15 dm. high: leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire, cut or pinnatifid, those of the stem partly clasp- ing: fruiting heads fully 25 mm. high: calyculate involucral bracts loose, half or a third the length of the principal ones.—Extending from the Gulf States into Texas. 3. P. multicaulis DC. Lower, from a thickened apparently perennial root, less leafy, at length many-stemmed from base and diffuse or ascending: fruiting heads 16 to 18 mm. high: calyculate involucral bracts short.—Throughout southern Texay and adjacent Mexico. 126. LACTUCA Tourn. (LETTUCE.) Leafy-stemmed herbs, with panicled heads of variously colored flowers, cylindrical or conical imbricated involucre of 2 or more sets of bracts of unequal length, and flat achenes abruptly contracted into a beak which 1s dilated at apex and bears a copious fugacious very soft and white capillary pappus (its bristles falling separately). * Achenes very flat, orbicular to oblong, with a jiliform beak: stem-leaves sagittate- clasping. 1. L. hirsuta Muhl. Rather few-leaved, 6 to 9 dm. high, commonly hirsute at base: leaves hirsute on both sides or only on the midrib, mostly runcinate-pinnatifid: heads in a loose open panicle: achenes oblong-oval, about as long as the beak: flowers yellow-purple, rarely whitish. (L. Canadensis var. sanguinea Torr. & Gray.)— Dry and open ground, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas, at least as far west as Gillespie County (Jermy). ree 2. L. graminifolia Michx. Stem slender, 6 to 9 dm. high, terminating in a naked loose panicle: glaucescent and glabrous, or merely hispid on the midrib beneath, or hirsute as in the last: leaves elongated-linear or linear-lanceolate (10 to 30cm. long) ; entire or. with spreading or deflexed lobes, or the radical pinnatifid : achenes ellip- tical-oblong, longer than the beak: flowers purple or pale blue (varying to white or yellow).—Dry and fertile soil, éxtending from the Gulf States through Texas to = T retonieane DC. Glabrous, leafy, 6 to 15 dm. high: leaves oblong, sin- uate-pinnatifid and spinulosely dentate, ciliate: heads in an open panicle: involu- ere more imbricate: achenes oblong-oval, about equaling the beak: flowers yellow.— Along the Limpia (Bigelow). 2816—02 17 250 ** Achenes thickish, oblong, contracted into a short thick beak or neck: flowers light blue. 4. L. Floridana Gertn. Tall (9 to 21 dm. high), with many small heads in a loose panicle, on diverging peduncles: leaves all lyrate or runcinate, the upper often with a heart-shaped clasping base: pappus bright white.—Along streams, ex- tending from the Atlantic States into Texas. 127. SONCHUS L. (SOW-THISTLE.) Leafy-stemmed chiefly smooth and glaucous coarse weeds, with corymbed or umbellate many-flowered yellow heads, more or less imbri- cated involucre, compressed ribbed or striate beakless achenes, and copious pappus of very white exceedingly soft and fine bristles mainly falling together. 1. S. oleraceus L. Stem-leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, or rarely undivided, slightly toothed with soft spiny teeth, clasping by a heart-shaped base, the auricles acute: involucre downy when young: achenes striate, also wrinkled transversely.— A common introduced weed about dwellings and waste places. 2. S.asper Vill. Stem-leaves less divided and more spiny-toothed, the auricles of the clasping base rounded: achenes margined, 3-nerved on each side, smooth.— With the last; naturalized from Europe. LOBELIACEA. (LOBELIA FAMILY). Herbs, with alternate simple leaves, scattered flowers, irregular 5-lobed corolla, 5 alternate stamens free from the corolla and usually united into a tube both by their filaments and anthers, solitary style, and calyx- tube adherent to the many-seeded pod. 1. Nemacladus. Anthers entirely separate; filaments partly or almost wholly monadelphous: lower lip of corolla 3-, upper 2-lobed or parted. 2, Lobelia. Anthers united; filaments monadelphous except near the base: co- Tolla open down to the base on one side. 1. NEMACLADUS Nutt. Small annual, at length excessively branched and diffuse, with minute leaves (radical oliovate, cauline reduced to subulate bracts), capillary pedicels racemose on zigzag branches, bilabiately irregular flesh-colored corolla, filaments monadelphous above the middle, distinct anthers, and a 2-celled 20 to 40-seeded pod 2-valved (from top). — 1. N. ramosissimus Nutt. Rarely a little puberulent: calyx-tube adnate to lower third of ovary: the very small white corolla little surpassing the calyx: filaments usually monadelphous for most of their length: seeds roundish.—A species of the far western deserts, but represented on the southwestern border of Texas by var. MON- TANUS Gray, which is more erect, with larger flowers and fruit on less divaricate or ascending pedicels, and seeds from short-oval to oblong-oval. 2. LOBBLIA L. Herbs, with flowers axillary or chiefly in bracted racemes, somewhat 2-lipped corolla split down on the (apparently) upper side (upper lip of 2 rather erect lobes, the lower lip spreading and 3-cleft), syngenesious anthers and filaments monadelphous except near the base, and 2-celled many-seeded pod opening at the top. In ours the stems are leafy. 251. * Flowers bright red, large. 1. L. cardinalis L. Minutely pubescent or glabrous, 6 to 12dm. high: leaves oblong-lanceolate, slightly toothed: raceme elongated, rather 1-sided, the pedicels mueh shorter than the leaf-like bracts: seeds rugose-tuberculate.—The common “cardinal flower” of the Atlantic States, and occurring more or less throughout the valleys of Texas. 2. L. splendens Willd. Much like the preceding, but more slender, glabrous or nearly so, leaves lanceolate or almost linear and glandular-denticulate (all but the lower sessile), and seeds less tuberculate.—Wet grounds throughout Texas. * * Flowers blue, or blue variegated with white. + Flowers rather large (corolla-tube 10 to 12 mm. long), spicate-racemose. 3. L. puberula Michx. Finely soft-pubescent: leaves ovate to lanceolate, thick- ish, obtuse, 2.5 to5 cm. long, with small glandular teeth: spike rather 1-sided: bracts ovate: sinuses of calyx with short and rounded or often inconspicuous auri- cles, the hairy tube top-shaped.—Damp sandy grounds, extending from the Atlan- tic and Gulf States into Texas. Passing into var. GLABELLA Hook., which is a greener form, with slender more glabrous usually more naked virgate spike, glabrous calyx, etc., and flowers more secund. + + Flowers smaller (corolla-tube not more than 4 to 6mm. long). ++ Stem mostly simple and strict, continued into a naked spike-like raceme: leaves barely denticulate or repand. 4, L. Ludoviciana Gray. Glabrous: leaves lanceolate, acute, or the lowest spat- ulate and obtuse, merely denticulate, thickisb, all with tapering base and the lower petioled: raceme loosely 5 to 20-flowered: corolla 12 mm. long: calyx-lobes ovate- lanceolate, rounded auriculate at the sinuses: larger anthers densely hirsute at and near the summit.—Wet prairies of western Louisiana and eastern Texas, possibly within our range. 5. L. appendiculata A. DC. Nearly glabrous, or the strong angles of the slender stem above scabrous: leaves oval or oblong, obtuse, or the lowest obovate, mostly denticulate or repand, thin, all but the lowest sessile by a broad base: raceme spike-like, very slender: corolla 8 mm. long: calyx-lobes linear-acuminate from a broader base, their bases sagittately extended into deflexed auricles: larger anthers slightly hirsute on the back.—Moist ground in eastern Texas and probably within our range. . ++ ++ Stems simple and strict, continued into a very leafy-bracted spike: leaves and bracts laciniate-toothed. 6. L. fenestralis Cav. Nearly glabrous, or the sharp decurrent angles of the stem hairy: leaves oblong or lanceolate, all the upper partly clasping and acumin- ate, passing into the similar bracts of the long spicate inflorescence: calyx-lobes linear and mostly with some slender teeth: corolla-tube 4mm. long: larger anthers short-bearded at tip.—Southwestern Texas ++ 4+ ++ Stems branching : flowers loosely racemose: stnuses of calyx not appendaged. 7. L. Cliffortiana L. Glabrous or slightly hairy: leaves ovate or slightly cor- date, obtusely toothed or repand, petioled, or the upper lanceolate and sessile : pedi- cels filiform, longer than the flowers: pod with nearly the upper half free: seeds very smooth and shining.—A tropical species, occasionally met as an introduced plant in the South Atlantic States, and represented in southwestern Texas by var. BRACHYPODA Gray, with cauline leaves from obovate-spatulate to lanceolate, and pedi- cels (4 to 6 mm. long) rather shorter than the flower or the capsule, which is that of oe pe uidied A. DC. is an uncertain species, forms collected near Brazos San- tiago having a rosulate tuft of root-leaves and a low sparsely leafy or almost naked branching stem, a habit entirely unlike L. Cliffortiana, but with the long filiform 252 pedicels and smooth shining seeds of the latter species. Dr. Gray suggested that it might be a depauperate form of ZL. Cliffortiana; but if not entitled to specific rank it might better be considered a variety of L. Feayana. CAMPANULACER. (CAMPANULA FAMILY.) Herbs, with alternate leaves, scattered (generally blue and showy) flowers, adherent calyx, regular 5-lobed bell-shaped or rotate corolla, 5 stamens usually free from the corolla and distinct, single style, 2 or more stigmas, and 2 to several-celled many-seeded pod. 1. Specularia. Calyx 3 to 5-lobed: corolla rotate: flowers dimorphous and axil- lary. ; 2. Campanula. Calyx 5-cleft: corolla generally bell-shaped: flowers all alike, terminal or axillary. 1. SPECULARIA Heister. (VENUS’S LOOKING-GLASS.) Low annuals, with axillary blue or purplish flowers dimorphous (the earlier cleistogamous), 3 to 5-lobed calyx, rotate 5-lobed corolla, 5 sepa- rate stamens with membranaceous hairy filaments shorter than the anthers, 2 to 4 stigmas, and a prismatic or elongated-oblong pod which is 2 to 4-celled and opens by small lateral valves. 1. S. leptocarpa Gray. Minutely hirsute or nearly glabrous: stems mostly simple or branched from base: leaves lanceolate: flowers closely sessile in their axils: stig- inas 2 or 3: cells of ovary a8 many (or only one in the lower cleistogamous flowers): pods nearly cylindrical, inclined to curve and rarely to twist, opening by 1 or 2 up- lifted valves near the summit: seeds oblong.—Throughout Texas. 2. S. Lindheimeri Vatké. Larger: stems erect or diffuse, paniculately branched vbove: leaves oblong-lanceolate or lower oblong or spatulate: flowers subsessile or short-peduncled (commonly terminating branchlets): stigmas 3 or 4: cells of ovary as many: pods angular, narrowed to base, mostly straight, not twisted, open- ing by 2 or 3 downwardly turned or irregularly bursting small valves below the summit: seeds almost orbicular, flattened.—Southern and western Texas. 3. S. biflora Gray. Stem slender, mostly simple cr branched from base, minutely and retrorsely serrulate-hispid on the angles: leaves sessile, ovate or oblong, spar- ingly somewhat crenate: flowers sessile, single or in pairs in the axils: pod oblong and cylindraceous, the 2 or 3 valvular openings close under the calyx: sceds lenticu- lar.—Open grounds, throughout Texas. 4. S. perfoliata A.DC. Stems commonly stouter and simple, very leafy through- out, hirsute or hispid on the angles: leaves round-cordate and clasping, mostly cre- nate, veiny: flowers sessile, single or clustered in the axils: pod oblong or somewhat obconical, the 2 or 3 valvular openings at or below the middle: seeds lenticular.--- Open gravelly ground throughout Texas, 2. CAMPANULA Tourn. (BELL-FLOWER. HARE-BELL.) Herbs, with terminal or axillary (usually blue) flowers, 5-cleft calyx, generally bell-shaped 5-lobed corolla, 5 separate stamens with filaments broad and membranaceous at base, 3 stigmas and as many cells of the ovary, and a short pod opening on the sides by as many valves or holes. 1. C. rotundifolia L. Slender, branching, 10 to 30cm. high, 1 to 10-flowered: root-leaves round-cordate or ovate, mostly toothed or crenate, long-petioled, early withering away ; stem-leaves numerous, linear or narrowly lanceolate, entire, smooth: calyx-lobes awl-shaped: pod nodding, opening at or near the base.—In the moun- tains of extreme southwestern Texas. 253 2. C. Reverchoni Gray. Hirsutulous below, glabrous above: stem slender, erect, eymosely and effusely much-branched: leaves sparingly dentate, 12 mm. long; radi- cal spatulate, lower cauline spatulate, those of upper branches almost filiform and entire: flower and fruit erect on almost capillary peduncles: pod ovate, crowned with the somewhat shorter narrowly linear-lanceolate erect calyx-lobes, opening towards the summit.—On rocks, central and western Texas. ERICACEH. (HEATH FAmMIty.) Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with flowers regular or nearly so, stamens as many or twice as many as the 4 or 5-lobed or 4 or 5-petaled corolla and free from but inserted with it, 2-celled anthers commonly append- aged or opening by terminal chinks or pores, single style, and 3 to 10-celled ovary. * Shrubs or small trees. 1. Arbutus. Flowers small, in a terminal cluster of racemes or panicles: corolla from globular to ovate, 5-toothed: stamens twice as many as corolla-lobes, included: anthers with a pair of reflexed awns on back, each cell opening at apex anteriorly by a terminal pore: leaves evergreen and coriaceous. 2. Rhododendron. Flowers large and showy, in umbellate clusters: corolla bell-shaped or funnel-formed, 5-lobed or parted: stamens mostly 5, more or less ex- serted and declined (as also the style): anthers destitute of awns or appendages, each cell opening by a terminal pore: leaves (in ours) deciduous. * * Herbaceous scaly root-parasites, destitute of all green foliage. 3. Monotropa. Corolla of 4 or 5separate narrow petals: calyx imperfect or bract- like: anthers kidney-shaped, opening across the top. 1. ARBUTUS Tourn. Trees or shrubs, with evergreen and coriaceous alternate petiolate leaves, white or flesh-colored small flowers in a terminal cluster of racemes or panicles, scaly bracts and bractlets, small 5-parted calyx, globular to ovate 5-toothed corolla, included stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes, compressed anthers bearing a pair of reflexed awns on back and each cell opening by a terminal pore, and a 5-celled ovary ripening into a granular-coated many-seeded berry. 1. A. Xalapensis HBK., var. Texana Gray. A shrub or small tree, with older bark mostly deciduous: leaves from lanceolate-oblong to oval or ovate, 5 to 15 em. long. ovary pubescent: berries yellowish-red. (4. Texana Buckley)—Foothills of the mountains west of the Pecos, and known as “madrona.” Yellowish-red berries, the size of currants, rather pleasant-tasted (Havard). 2. RHODODENDRON L. (RosE Bay, Azam, etc.) Shrubs or small trees, with chiefly alternate entire leaves (deciduous and glandular-mucronate in ours), large and showy 5-merous flowers in umbelled clusters from large scaly-bracted terminal buds, mostly small or minute calyx, bell-shaped or funnel-form lobed or cleft corolla, stamens as few as the corolla-lobes or twice as many (along with the style more or less exserted and declined in ours), anther-cells opening by a round terminal pore, and a 5-celled 5-valved many-seeded pod. 1. R. nudiflorum Torr. A shrub 9 to 30 dm. high: leaves obovate to oblong-ob- , : -color to pink and purple, appear- late, downy underneath: flowers showy, flesh co. i fae vets or with the leaves: corolla with conspicuous funnel-form tube scarcely 254 longer than the ample lobes, slightly glandular: stamens (chiefly 5) and style long- exserted. (Azalea nudiflora L.)—A species of the Atlantic and Gulf States, extend- ing into Texas, and reported as far west as Tom Green County (Tweedy). 3. MONOTROPA L. (INDIAN PIPE. PINE-SAP.) Low and fleshy (tawny, reddish, or white) herbs parasitic on roots or saprophytic, with scales in place of leaves, one to several flowers, decid- uous calyx of 2 to 5 lanceolate bract-like scales, 4 or 5 separate erect spatulate scale-like petals which are gibbous or saccate at base and tardily deciduous, 8 or 10 stamens with awl-shaped filaments, kidney- shaped anthers becoming 1-celled and opening across the top, columnar style with disk-like 4 or 5-rayed stigma, and an ovoid 8 to 10-grooved 4 or 5-celled loculicidal pod with innumerable minute seeds covering the very thick placente. 1. M. uniflora L. (INDIAN PIPE. CORPSE PLANT.) Smooth, waxy-white (turn- ing blackish in drying), 1-flowered inodorous plant, 7.5 to 20 cm. high: calyx of 2to 4 irregular scales or bracts: anthers transverse, opening equally by 2 chinks: style short and thick; stigma naked.—Damp woods, throughout the continent, 2. M. Hypopitys L. (PINE-sap. FALSE BEECH-DROPS.) Somewhat pubescent or downy, tawny, whitish, or reddish commonly fragrant plants, 10 to 30 em. high: flowers several in a scaly raceme; the terminal one usually 5-merous, the rest 3 or 4-merous: bract-like sepals mostly as many as the petals: anthers opening by acon- tinuous line into 2 very unequal valves: style longer than the ovary, hollow; stigma ciliate: pod globular or oval.—Under amentaceous and coniferous trees. PLUMBAGINEZE, (LEADWORT FAMILY.) Herbs, with regular 5-merous flowers, a plaited calyx, 5-stamens op- posite the separate petals or lobes of the corolla, and a free 1-celled ovary with a solitary ovule hanging from a long cord which rises from the base of the cell. 1. STATICE Tourn. (SEA-LAVENDER. MARSH-ROSEMARY.) Seaside or salt-marsh perennials, with thick and stalked radical leaves, naked flowering stems or scapes branched into panicles with the flowers scattered or loosely spiked and 1-sided on the branches, funnelform dry and membranaceous persistent calyx, 5 nearly or quite distinct petals with long claws to the bases of which the 5 stamens are severally attached, 5 (rarely 3) separate styles, and a membranous and indehiscent fruit in the bottom of the calyx. 1. S. Limonium L. Root thick and woody, very astringent: leaves oblong, spat- ulate or obovate-lanceolate, 1-ribbed, tipped with a deciduous bristly point, petioled: scape much-branched, corymbose-panicled, 3 to 6 dm. high: spikelets 1 to 3-ilow- ered: flowers lavender-color: calyx-tube hairy on the angles, the lobes ovate-trian- gular, with as many teeth in the sinuses.—A cosmopolitan species, represented in southwestern Texas by var. CALIFORNICA Gray, with thinnish, retuse or obtuse, pointless leaves, branches of the ample panicle densely flowered at summit, and spikelets almost imbricated in short cymose spikes. On the coast of Texas is var. CAROLINIANA Gray, with more erect branches, rather panicled inflorescence with at length scattered flowers, and very acute or acuminate calyx-lobes. 255 PRIMULACEZ. (PRmmgose FAMILy.) Herbs, with simple leaves, regular perfect flowers, calyx usually free from the ovary, stamens as many as the lobes of the gamopetalous (rarely polypetalous) corolla and inserted opposite them (on tube or base), single style and stigma, and a 1-celled ovary with a central free placenta rising from the base and bearing several or many seeds. * Ovary wholly free. + Stemless, leaves all in a cluster from the root. 1. Dodecatheon. Corolla reflexed, 5-parted: stamens exserted, connivent in a cone: capsule dehiscent by valves or teeth. ++ Stems leafy: corolla rotate. 2. Steironema. Corolla 5-parted: 5 slender staminodia between the fertile sta- 1oens: capsule mostly globose, dehiscent vertically by valves or irregularly: leaves opposite. 8. Centunculus. Corolla 4 or 5-cleft, shorter than calyx: globose capsule with top falling off as a lid: flowers axillary: leaves alternate. * “ Ovary connate at base with the base of the calyx. 4, Samolus. Corolla bell-shaped, with 5 staminodia in the sinuses: flowers race- mose. 1. DODECATHEON L. (AMERICAN COWSLIP.) Perennial smooth herb, with a cluster of oblong or spatulate leaves, simple naked scape involucrate with small bracts at summit and bear- ing an ample umbel of showy rose-color or white flowers nodding on slender pedicels, deeply 5-cleft calyx with reflexed lanceolate divi- sions, corolla with very short tube, thickened throat and 5-parted re- flexed limb (tbe divisions long and narrow), short filaments monadel- phous at base, and long and linear anthers approximate in a slender cone. 1. D. Meadia L. (SHOoOTING-STAR.) A handsome Atlantic species, extending into Texas. 2. STEIRONEMA Raf. Leafy-stemmed perennials (glabrous except the ciliate petioles), op- posite leaves, slender axillary peduncles bearing yellow flowers, 5-parted calyx, rotate deeply 5-parted corolla (with no proper tube) with ovate cuspidate-pointed divisions (erose-denticulate above) each separately involute around its stamen, distinct filaments (or nearly so) on the ring at base of corolla and alternating with 5 subulate stami- nodia, linear anthers, and a 10 to 20-seeded pod. 1. S. ciliatum Raf. Stem erect, 6 to 12 dm. high: leaves lanceolate-ovate, 5 to 15 cm. long, tapering to an acute point, rounded or heart-shaped at base, all on long and fringed petioles: corolla longer than calyx. (Lysimachia ciliata L.)—Low - grounds and thickets, Atlantic and Gulf States and west to New Mexico; hence pre- sumably in Texas, but as yet not reported. 256 3. CENTUNCULUS Dill. (CHarrwrep.) Small annuals, with alternate entire leaves, solitary inconspicuous axillary flowers, 4 or 5-parted calyx, 4 or 5-cleft rotate corolla (shorter than the calyx) with an urn-shaped short tube and usually withering on the summit of the many-seeded circumscissile pod, 4 or 5 stamens, and beardless filaments. 1. C. minimus L. Stems ascending, 5 to 15 cm. long: leaves ovate, obovate, or spatulate-oblong: flowers nearly sessile, the parts mostly in fours.—A species of the Mississippi and Gulf States and extending into Texas. 4. SAMOLUS Tourn. (WATER PIMPERNEL. BROOK-WEED.) Smooth herbs, with alternate entire leaves, small white racemed flowers, 5-cleft calyx with tube adherent to the base of the ovary, some- what bell-shaped 5-cleft corolla commonly with 5 sterile filaments in the sinuses, 5 true stamens on the corolla-tube and included, and glo- bose many-seeded pod 5-valved at summit. 1. S. Valerandi L. Stem erect, 15 to 30 cm. high, leafy: leaves obovateor spatu- late, the basal rosulate: bracts none: slender pedicels ascending, bracteolate in the middle: corolla hardly 2 mm. long, the sinuses bearing inflexed sterile filaments.— A European species, represented throughout the United States, in wet places, by var. AMERICANUS Gray, which is more slender, becoming diffuse, with racemes often panicled, the pedicels longer and spreading. 2. S. ebracteatus HBK. Leafy stems short: leaves fleshy, obovate or spatulate, the lower tapering into a winged petiole and decurrent: racemes long-peduncled or as ifon ascape: pedicels without bract or bractlet: corollaabout 4 mm. long, bear- ing no sterile filaments.—Saline and brackish soil, extending from the Gulf States through Texas into Mexico. SAPOTACER. (SAPODILLA FAMILY.) Trees or shrubs, with simple and entire alternate leaves, small and perfect regular flowers usually in axillary clusters, free and persistent calyx, fertile stamens commonly as many as the lobes of the hypogy- nous short corolla and opposite them (inserted on its tube along with one or more rows of appendages and scales or sterile stamens), anthers turned outward, single pointed style, and a 4 to 12-celled ovary witha single ovule in each cell. 1. BUMELIA Swartz. Shrubs or small trees, with very hard wood, small white flowers in axillary fascicles, leaves often fascicled on short spurs, often spiny branches, 5-parted calyx, 5-cleft corolla with a pair of internal append- ages at each sinus, 5 fertilestamens with arrow-shaped anthers, 5 petal- like sterile stamens alternate with the corolla-lobes, 5-celled ovary, and a small black cherry-like fruit containing a large ovoid and erect seed. . 1.B.lanuginosa Pers. Spiny, 3 to 18 m. high: leaves oblong-obovate or wedge-obo- vate, rusty-woolly beneath, obtuse, 3.5 to 7 cm. long: clusters 6 to 18-flowered, pubes- cent: fruit8 to 10 mm. long, oval.—Extending trom the Gulf States and Lower Missia- 257 ‘sippi Valley States to the Rio Grande (Eagle Pass). Known variously as “gum elas- tic” and “shittim wood.” Insouthern Texas and adjacent Mexico is var. RIGIDA Gray, which is more spiny, with coriaceous leaves little over 2.5 cm. long and from obovate to cuneate-oblanceolate, (B. spinosa Wats., not DC.) 2. B. lycioides Pers. Spiny, 8 to 12m. high: leaves wedge-oblong varying to oval-lanceolate, with a tapering base, often acute, reticulated, nearly glabrous, 2.5 to 5om. long: clusters densely many-flowered, glabrous: fruit 6 to 10mm. long, short-ovoid.—Exteniing from the Gulf States to the Lower Rio Grande and the Con- cho River. Known as ‘‘iron-wood” and “southern buckthorn.” ‘Called ‘coma’ by the Mexicans on the Lower Rio Grande where it becomes a tree with stem a foot thick. Wood tough and compact, making excellent axe handles. The black berries are edible but not very palatable” (Havard.) 3. B. angustifolia Nutt. Glabrous throughout, rarely over 4 m. high: leaves from spatulate or linear-oblanceolate to broadly obovate-cuneate, very obtuse, fleshy- coriaceous, small, 1 to 3.5cem. long: clusters few to many-flowered: fruit 12 to 18mm. long, oblong-oval. (B. parvifolia Chapm., not A. DC. B.reclinata Torr., not Vent. B. cuneata Gray, not Swartz.)—Valley of the Lower Rio Grande. EBENACEZ. (EBONY FAMILY.) Trees or shrubs, with alternate entire leaves, polygamous regular flowers, calyx free from the 3 to 12-celled ovary, stamens 2 to 4 times as many as the lobes of the corolla (often in pairs before them and their anthers turned inward), 1 or 2 ovules suspended from summit of each cell, and fruit a several-celled berry. 1. DIOSPYROS L. (DaTE-PLuM. PERSIMMON.) Trees or shrubs, with diceciously polygamous flowers (fertile axillary and solitary, sterile smaller and often clustered), 4 to 6-lobed calyx, 4 to 6-lobed corolla, mostly 16 stamens in sterile flowers and 8 (imperfect ones) in fertile, and a large globular 4 to 8-celled 4 to 8-seeded berry sur- rounded at base by the thickish calyx. 1. D. VirginianaL. (CoMMoN PERSIMMON.) Tree 6 to 20 m. high (exceptionally 30 to 35 m.), with very hard blackish wood: leaves thickish, ovate-oblong, smooth or nearly so: peduncles very short: calyx 4-parted: corolla pale yellow, thickish, glab- brous, between bell-shaped and urn-shaped (12 to 16 mm. long in fertile flowers, much smaller in sterile): styles 4, two-lobed at apex: plum-like fruit 2.5 cm. in di- ameter, yellow when ripe.—A common tree of the Atlantic States, extending into Texas to the valley of the Colorado. The fruit, exceedingly astringent when green, yellow and luscious when ripe, is well known. 2. D. Texana Scheele. (MEXICAN PERSIMMON.) Shrub or tree, 3 to 10 m. high, widely much branched and with heavy white wood: leaves cuneate-oblong or obo- vate, rounded at apex, almost sessile, tomentose (as also the branchlets) : flowers silkky-tomentose outside: calyx 5 or 6-parted: fruit globose, black, luscious (ripe in August. )—Woods along streams, Matagorda Bay to the Concho River and southward. The “chapote” of the Mexicans; also known as “ black persimmon.” “ Often found on rocky mesas but thrives best in cafons and on the edges of ravines. The black globose fruit, smaller than its congener of the Eastern States, is about as astringent when green and as sweet when ripe. Stains black everything it touches, aud Mex icans use it to dye sheep skins by boiling.” (Havard.) 258 STYRACEA. (SToRAxX FAMILY.) Shrubs or trees, with alternate simple leaves destitute of stipules, perfect regular flowers, calyx either free or adherent to the 2 to 5-celled ovary, corolla of 4 to 8 petals commonly more or less united at base, stamens twice as many as the petals or more numerous (monadelphous or polyadelphous at base), single style, and a dry or drupe-like 1 to 5- celled fruit (the cells commonly 1-seeded). 1. STYRAX Tourn, (STORAX.) Shrubs or smalls trees, with commonly deciduous leaves, scurfy or stellate pubescence, axillary or leafy-racemed white and showy flowers on drooping peduncles, truncate somewhat 5-toothed calyx (the base coherent with the base of the 3-celled many-ovuled ovary), large 5-parted corolla with mostly soft-downy lobes, stamens twice as many as the lobes of the corolla with flat filaments united at base into a short tube, linear adnate anthers, and a globular 1-celled mostly 1-seeded dry often 3-valved fruit with base surrounded by the persistent calyx. 1. S pulverulenta Michx. Low shrub, 3 to 12 dm. high: leaves small (2.5 to 5 cm. long), oval or obovate, commonly entire, mostly acute at both ends, often acumi- nate, pubescent or scurfy and hoary beneath, rarely 5 cm. long on flowering stems: flowers 1 to 3 together in the axils and at the tips of the branches, fragrant: calyx and inflorescence more or less canescent.—Extending into Texas from the pine-barren swamps of the Gulf States. 2. S. platanifolia Engelm. Shrub 36 dm. high, green and glabrous or nearly so: leaves roundish, with subcordate or truncate broad base and slender petiole, undu- late or angulate-toothed, or even sinuate-lobed, sometimes abruptly acuminate, retic- ulate-veiny, 5 to 10 cm. in diameter: even the pedicels and calyx glabrous or nearly so.— Wooded bottoms of southern and central Texas. OLEACEA. (OLIVE FAMILY.) Trees or shrubs, with opposite and pinnate or simple leaves, a 4-cleft (or sometimes obsolete) calyx, a regular 4-cleft or nearly or quite 4-pet- alous corolla, sometimes apetalous, only 2 stamens (rarely 3 or 4), and a 2-celled ovary with 2 (rarely more) ovules in each cell. * Fruit dry, indehiscent, winged, a samara: leaves pinnate. 1. Fraxinus. Flowers diccious, mostly apetalous, sometimes also without calyx. * * Fruit a drupe, or rarely a berry: leaves simple. 2. Forestiera. Flowers apetalous, dicecious or polygamous, from a scaly catkin- like bud: stamens 2 to 4. 3. Chionanthus. Flowers complete, sometimes polygamous: calyx and corolla 4-merous, the latter with long and linear divisions. * * * Fruit a didymous or 2-parted pod: calyx and corolla 5-merous or more: leaves entire or pinnately lobed. 4, Menodora. Calyx 5 to 15-cleft, with mostly linear lobes and persistent: corolla from rotate to salverform: pod circumscissile. 259 1. FRAXINUS Tourn. (Asu.) Light timber-trees, with petioled pinnate leaves of 3 to 15-toothed or entire leaflets, small polygamous or diccious flowers in crowded panicles or racemes from the axils of last year’s leaves, small calyx (4-cleft, toothed, entire, or obsolete), petals 4 or altogether wanting, 2 stamens (sometimes 3 or 4), large linear or oblong anthers, single style with 2-cleft stigma, and a 1 or 2-celled samara or key-fruit flattened, winged at the apex and 1 or 2-seeded. * Flowers 4-petalous, in loose panicles which mostly terminate short leaf-bearing branchlets. 1. F. cuspidata Torr. Shrub 15 to 25 dm. high, glabrous: leaflets 5 to 7, lanceo- late or ovate-lanceolate and gradually acuminate into a cuspidate tip, or some of them ovate or oval and obtuse or even emarginate, acutely and sparsely few-toothed and entire, petiolulate; petiole slightly margined between leaflets: stigma sessile: fruit 12 mm. long, spatulate-oblong or obovate-oblong.--“ Small tree in the Chisos Mountains and some of the cafions of the Great Bend.” (Havard.) 2. F. Greggii Gray. Shrub 15 to 27 dm. high, glabrous: leaflets 3 to 7, from nar- rowly spatulate to oblong-obovate, obtuse, obtuscly few-toothed or entire, firm-cori- aceous, veinless or nearly so, sessile: petiole wing-margined between the leatlets: fruit 12 to 16 mm. long, oblong-linear, the retuse apex tipped with a very short dis- tinct style.—On limestone, southwestern Texas. ‘Stout shrub, noticed near the mouth of the Pecos and at Maxon’s Spring.” (Havard.) ** Flowers diwcious and apetalous, in mostly denser panicles which are developed from sep- arate buds from upper axils of the preceding year, or on the leafless base of shoots of the season. + Body of fruit terete or nearly so, marginless; the wing wholly terminal. 3. F. pistacicefolia Torr. Small tree, 10 to 12m. high, either velvety-pubescent or nearly glabrous: leaflets 5 to 9, short-petiolulate (sometimes subsessile), from lanceolate to oval, entire or somewhat serrate: fruits small and crowded, spatulate, the terete body (6 to 10 mm. long) somewhat clavate, about equaling and sometimes exceeding the wing.—In the mountains of western Texas. ‘Frequently planted about El Paso and down the Rio Grande to San Elizario, on account of its quick growth.” (Harvard.) 4. F. Americana L., var. Texensis Gray. Low tree, 10 to 12 m. high, glabrous throughout: leaflets mostly 5, slender-petiolulate, from ovate to broadly oval, either rounded at apex or slightly acuminate, entire or sparsely serrate or denticulate: fruit small, 16 to 24mm. long, the body oblong and cylindraceous, completely terete, about half the length of the wing.—On rocky hills, from Dallas to Devil’s River (near the Rio Grande). + + Body of fruit more slender, tapering gradually from summit to base, more or less margined upward by the decurrent wing. 5. F. pubescens Lam. (RED AsH.) Bravchlets and petioles velvety-pubescent: leaflets 7 to 9, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed, almost entire, pale or more or less pubescent beneath: fruit 3.5 to 5 cm. long, the edges gradually dilated into the linear or spatulate wing.—A tree of the eastern States, reported by Dr. Havard as having been seen ‘on the summit of the Gaudalupe Mountains, and nowhere else,” but possibly some form of the next species. 6. F. viridis Michx. f. (GREEN ASH.) Glabrous throughout: leaflets 5 to 9, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, often wedge-shaped at the base and serrate above, bright green both sides: fruit much as in no. 5.—Along streams, throughout Texas. The most common ash west of the Colorado River is var. BERLANDIERIANA Gray, with 3 ted leaflets having more cuneate base, and with fruit-wing rather wider and more decur- rent on the body. “‘ Large tree in the Chenate Mountains, smaller in the Limpia and 260 Gaudalupe Mountains; found also as a medium-sized tree on the Pecos, Devil’s River, and most streams further eastward to San Antonio; occurs sparingly on the Lower Rio Grande, the Gulf Coast, and the water courses of southeast Texas.” (Havard.) 2. FORESTIBRA Poir. Shrubs, with opposite and often fascicled deciduous leaves, small dicecious flowers crowded in catkin-like scaly buds from the axils of last year’s leaves, 4 minute sepals, no corolla, 2 to 4 stamens with ob- long anthers, ovate 2-celled ovary with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell, slender style, somewhat 2-lobed stigma, and small ovoid 1-celled 1-seeded drupe. * Leaves membranaceous and deciduous, not porulose, mostly minutely serrate, 1. P. acuminata Poir. Glabrous, somewhat spinescent, 2 to 8 m. high: leaves oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, slender-petioled, often serrulate, 3.5 to 10cm. long: fertile flowers several in a fascicle, drupe elongated- oblong, usually pointed.—Wet and shady river banks, extending from the Gulf States to the Valley of the Colorado. 2. F. Neo-Mexicana Gray. Glabrous, 2 to 3 m. high: leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, short-petioled, obtusely or obsoletely serrulate, 2.5 em. long: fertile flowers in sessile fascicles: drupe obtuse, short-oblong or ovoid.— Western borders of Texas. 3. F. pubescens Nutt. Soft-pubescent: leaves obovate or oblong with narrowed base, short-petioled, appressed-serrulate, rounded at apex, usually 2.5 cm. long: fer- tile flowers and oblong drupes pedicellate.—Eastern and southern Texas. * * Leaves coriaceous, very small, not porulose. 4, F. spheerocarpa Torr. Low shrub: leaves oblong or oval, obtuse, obscurely crenulate, minutely soft-pubescent, 12 mm. long, short-petioled, mainly crowded at tip of branchlets: drupe globular, very short-pedicelled.—Southwestern Texas, in dry ravines of the Limpia River. * * * Teaves coriaceous, porulose-punctate beneath. 5. F. reticulata Torr. Glabrous throughout: leaves ovate or almost oblong, with rounded base and obtuse or acute mucronulate apex, lucid above, conspicuously venulose-reticulated, 2.5 em. long or more, with margins plane and often serrulate: drupe short-ovoid.— Western borders of Texas. “Only seen in cafions near the mouth of the Pecos.” (Havard.) 6. F. angustifolia Torr. Densely branched glabrous shrub: leaves linear or spatu- late-linear (12 to 24 mm. long and 2 to 6 mm. wide), sometimes linear-oblong, very obtuse, veinless or nearly so, with narrowly revolute entire margins: drupe ovate, acute, very short-pediceled.—Throughout southern Texas. “Rather common on bluffs and in mountain arroyos, with a black, edible, but not very palatable berry.” (Havard.) 3. CHIONANTHUS. (FRINGE-TREE.) Low trees or shrubs, with deciduous and entire petioled leaves, deli- cate flowers in loose and drooping graceful panicles from lateral buds, 4-parted very small persistent calyx, corolla of 4 long and linear petals which are barely united at base, 2 (rarely 3 or 4) very short stamens on the very base of the corolla, notched stigma, and a fleshy globular drupe becoming 1-celled and 1 to 3-seeded. 261 1. C. Virginica L. Leaves oval, oblong, sr obovate-lanceolate: flowers on slender pedicels: petals 2.5m. long, narrowly linear, acute, varying to 5 or 6 in number: drupe purple, with a bloom, ovoid.—Along streams, extending into Texas from the Eastern States, 4. MENODORA Humb. & Bonpl. Low shrubby or nearly herbaceous plants, with simple entire or pin- nately lobed leaves (many of them alternate), conspicuous flowers termi- nating the branches (or becoming lateral, or loosely cymose), 5 to 15-cleft persistent calyx with linear lobes, rotate to salverform yellow corolla with 5 or 6-parted limb, 2 (rarely 3) stamens with oblong or nearly linear anthers, emarginate ovary with slender style and capitate or 2-lobed stigma, and fruit a didymous or 2-parted pod circumscissile at or near the middle. * Corolla with very short tube commonly bearded within and blunt or hardly acute lobes: filaments filiform: anthers pointless: calyx with 7 to 15 linear or subulate lobes. 1. M. scabra Gray. Herbaceous from a woody branching base, whole herbage or at least the lower part puberulent-scabrous: leaves mostly alternate, linear or the lower oblong, chiefly entire, 8 to 20mm. long: flowers rather numerous: peduncles remaining erect: corolla bright yellow.—Western Texas, mostly west of the Pecos. 2. M. heterophylla Moricand. Nearly herbaceous, diffusely spreading, almost glabrous but roughish: leaves mostly opposite and pinnately 8 to 7-cleft or parted, the lobes and uppermost leaves linear: flowers sparse: short peduncles recurved in fruit: corolla light yellow.—Thronghout Texas, * * Corolla salverform with long tube glabrous within and muoronate-acuminate lobes: anthers almost sessile in throat, apiculate: calyx with about 10 setaceous lobes. 3. M. longiflora Gray. Glabrous with numerous almost simple herbaceous stems from a woody and branching base: leaves linear or lanceolate, smooth, entire (some of lowest rarely 3-cleft), the upper commonly alternate: corolla-tube 3.5 to 4m. long, the lobes 12 mm. long.—Southern and western Texas. 4, M. pubens Gray. Like the last, but pubescent throughout with soft and spread- ing hairs, and leaves rather broader.—Valley of the Pecos and westward. APOCYNACEA. (DoGBANE FAMILY.) Plants almost all with milky acrid juice, entire (chiefly opposite) leaves without stipules, regular 5-merous and 5-androus flowers, the 5 corolla-lobes convolute and twisted in bud, distinct filaments inserted on corolla, granular pollen, and calyx free from the two ovaries which are distinct (forming follicles) though their styles and stigmas are united into one. 1. Amsonia. Seods naked: corolla-tube bearded inside: anthers longer than fila- ments: leaves alternate. 2, Apocynum. Seeds comose: corolla bell-shaped, appendaged within: filaments short, broad and flat: calyx not glandular: leaves opposite. 8. Macrosiphonia. Seeds comose: corolla salverform, with long tube, not append- aged: filaments short: calyx many-glandular inside: leaves opposite or verticillate. 4. Trachelospermum. Seeds comose: corolla funnelform, not appendaged: fila- ments slonder: calyx 3 to 5 glandular inside: leares opposite, 262 1. AMSONIA Walt. Perennial herbs, with alternate leaves, pale blue flowers in terminal panicled cymes, 5-parted small calyx, corolla with narrow funnel-form tube bearded inside and limb divided into 5 long linear lobes, 5 stamens inserted on corolla-tube and included, anthers obtuse at both ends and longer than the filaments, 2 ovaries, single style, rounded stigma sur- rounded with a cup-like membrane, and 2 long and slender many-seeded pods with naked cylindrical seeds abrupt at both ends and packed in one row. * Stigma with depressed-capitate or truncate entire apex : corolla not constricted under limb. 1. A. Tabernzemontana Walt. About 9 dm high, glabrate: leaves from ovate to lanccolate, acuminate, 5 to 12.5 cm. long, distinctly petioled, pale beneath: corolla- lobes becoming linear and as long as the tube: pods slender, 5 to 7.5 cm. long.—Low grounds, extending from the eastern States into Texas. 2. A. ciliata Walt. Stems (3 to 9 dm. high) and commonly inflorescence and leaves when young villous with loose deciduous hair: leaves much crowded, linear-lanceo- late to narrowly linear (2.5 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 8 mm. wide), indistinctly petioled, the margins at length somewhat revolute: corolla-lobes at length linear-oblong and little shorter than the tube: pods slender and even, 2.5 t0 12.5 cm.long. (A. angustifolia Michx.)—Dry soil, extending from the Gulf States into Texas. Represented in rocky prairies and at base of limestone hills by var. TExana, which is 3 to 6 dm. high from creeping woody subterranean shoots and completely glabrous, with lanceolate-oblong to linear leaves of firmer texture (4. angustifolia, var. Texana Gray). * * Stigma with two distinct obtuse lobes above the truncate body: corolla constricted (at least in bud) under the conspicuously shorter limb. 3. A. tomentosa Torr. Cinereous-tomentose or puberulent, varying to glabrous: leaves from lanceolate to narrowly linear, sessile: corolla-lobes 4 to 6 mm. long, fully half the length of the tube: pods torose, inclined to break into thickish articula- ‘tions.—Sandy plains and ravines, western border of Texas. 4, A. longiflora Torr. Minutely scabrous or even scabrous-pubescent, or above glabrous: leaves linear, sessile: corolla-lobes white, a quarter the length of the greenish-purple clavate tube which is over 2.5 cm. long: pods slender and contiuu- ous.—Rocky ravines, western Texas. 2. APOCYNUM Tourn. (DoGBANE. INDIAN HEMP.) Perennial herbs, with upright branching stems, tough fibrous bark, opposite mucronate-pointed leaves, small and pale cymose flowers on short pedicels, 5-parted calyx with acute lobes, bell-shaped 5-cleft co- rollabearing 5 triangular appeudages below the throat opposite the lobes, 5 stamens on the very base of the corolla, flat filaments shorter thau the sagittate anthers which converge around the stigma, no style, large ovoid stigma, and two long and slender pods with seeds comose with a tuft of long silky down at the apex. 1. A.cannabinum L. (INDIAN HEMP.) Glabrous or more or less soft-pubescent: stem and branches upright or ascending, terminated by erect and close many-flow- ered cymes, which are usually shorter than the leaves: leaves from oval to oblong and lanceolate, short-petioled or sessile, with rounded or obscurely cordate base: corolla (greenish-white) with nearly erect lobes, the tube not longer than the lan- ceolate divisions of the calyx.—Moist grounds and banks of streams, reported from Gillespie County (Jermy), though probably widely distributed in Texas. 263 . A. ANDROSAEMIFOLIUM L, may occur within our range, and may be recognized by its divergently forking branches, ovate distinctly petioled leaves, loose spreading cymes, and pale rose-colored corolla with revolute lobes. 3. MACROSIPHONIA Muell. (Arg.) Erect shrubby plants, with numerous opposite or verticillate leaves, comparatively large showy flowers which are either terminal or become lateral, 5-parted calyx many-glandular at base within, salverform corolla with Jong tube and enlarged throat, short filaments in the throat with oblong or sagittate anthers obtusely tipped and with obtuse basal - appendages, thick 5-ribbed stigma with entire or 2-cleft small apex and base appendaged with 5 reflexed lobes or a 5-cleft membrane, and long and slender terete pods with numerous oblong seeds tufted at apex. 1. M. Berlandieri Gray. Shrubby, white-tomentose: leaves from oval or cordate- ovate to orbicular, becoming greenish and merely pubescent above, the diverging veins at length conspicuous: corolla merely puberulent outside, its slender tube (with throat) 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long, many times exceeding the calyx and the round- obovate (nearly 2.5 cm. long) lobes.—Rocky soil, western Texas. 2. M. Wrightii Gray. Slender, soft-puberulent: leaves narrowly lanceolate, acute, white-tomentulose beneath, glabrous or nearly so above: tube of corolla and throat each 12 mm. or more long, tomentulose, the lobes 12 mm. long.—Mountains beyond the Limpia. 4. TRACHELOSPERMUM Lemaire. Twining more or less woody plants, with opposite leaves, small flow- ers in cymes, 5-parted calyx with 3 to 5 glands at base inside, funnel- form corolla with 5-lobed limb, 5 included stamens, slender filaments, sagittate anthers with an inflexed tip, and 2 slender pods with numer- ous oblong tufted seeds. 1. T. difforme Gray. Nearly herbaceous and glabrous: leaves oval-lanceolate, pointed, thin: calyx-lobes taper-pointed: corolla pale yellow. (Forsteronia difformis A. DC.)—River banks, extending from the Gulf States into Texas. ASCLEPIADEH. (MILKWEED FAMILY.) Plants with milky juice, opposite or whorled (rarely alternate or scat- tered) entire leaves, follicular pods, seeds, anthers (connected with stigma) just as in last family from which they differ in the commonly valvate corolla, in the singular connection of anthers with stigma, and the cohesion of the pollen into wax-like or granular masses (pollinia) as explained under the typical genus Asclepias. * Anthers tipped with an jnflexed or sometimes erect scarious membrane, the cells lower than the top of the stigma; pollinia suspended. + Crown double: stems twining. 1. Philibertia. Corolla rotate: exterior crown a membranaceous ring adnate to base of corolla; interior of 5 scales adnate to base of the short stamen-tube or col- oo + + Crown single. ++ Stems erect or merely decumbent. 2. Asclepiodora. Corolla rotate, merely spreading: crown of 5 hooded fleshy bodies, with a salient crest in each: leaves alternate. 264 8. Asclepias. Corolla reflexed, deeply 5-parted: crown as in no. 2, but with an incurved horn rising from the cavity of each hood: leaves usually opposite. 4. Acerates. Corolla reflexed or merely spreading: crown as in no. 2, but with neither crest nor horn inside: leaves mainly alternate. ++ + Stems twining: leaves mostly opposite. = Divisions of crown abruptly pointed or appendaged at apex. 5. Enslenia. Corolla erect-campanulate: crown of 5 thin flat bodies each termi- nated by a 2-cleft tail or awn. 6. Roulinia. Corolla rotate-spreading: crown of 5 simply and abruptly acumi- nate or ligulate-tipped divisions, = = Divisions of crown not tipped with any appendage or prolonged middle lobe. 7. Metastelma. Corolla usually campanulate: crown of 5 flat or slender and dis- tinct scales or processes. 8. Vincetoxicum. Corolla rotate, spreading: crown a fleshy 5 to 10-lobed ring or disk. * * Anthers with shortif any scarious tip, borne on the margin of or close under the disk of the stigma: pollinia horizontal. 9. Gonolobus. Corollarotate: crown a wavy-lobed fleshy ring: stems twining. 1. PHILIBERTIA HBK. Herbaceous or shrubby twining plants, with petiolate leaves, usually dull-colored or parti-colored fragrant flowers in pedunculate umbels, calyx minutely 5-glandular within, rotate corolla, double crown (exterior a membranaceous ring adnate to base of corolla, interior of 5 scales ad- nate to base of stamen-tube or column), and rather thick smooth acu- minate pods. * Column evident, rather longer than the swollen scales of the inner crown on its summit. 1. P. undulata Gray. Low twining, glabrous or puberulent, pale: leaves from lanceolate and gradually acuminate to linear from a hastately cordate base, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, the margins undulate-crisped: peduncle 6 to 10-flowered, longer than the petiole and pedicels: corolla dull purple, glabrous above, 12 mm. broad: outer crown saucer-shaped. (Sarcostemma undulata Torr.)—Western Texas. * * Column none or very short: peduncles equaling or surpassing the plane leaves. 2. P. Torreyi Gray. Freely twining, densely pubescent with soft spreading hairs: leaves cordate-lanceolate and acuminate or sagittate, 2.5 cm. or more long: peduncle 10 to 15-flowered: corolla white (?), 16 to 18 mm. broad; the lobes strongly villose- ciliate: outer and inner crowns contiguous. (Sarcostemma elegans Torr., not De- caisne.)—Rocky hills, southwestern Texas. 3. P. viridiflora Britton & Rusby. Tall climbing, glabrous or glabrate: leaves from deeply cordate to sagittate or almost hastate, abruptly cuspidate or short-acn- minate, 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long: peduncle 15 to 25-flowered: pedicels much longer than flowers: corolla white or whitish, scarcely 12 mm. broad; the lobes somewhas ciliate: crowns separated by a very short column. (LP. cynanchoides Gray.)—Along rivers, throughout southern Texas and adjacent Mexico. 4, P, linearis Gray. Slender, low-twining (or erect when young), puberulent or glabrate: leaves narrowly linear, acute or nearly so at both ends, 2.5 cm. long: peduncle 8 to 10-flowered: corolla yellowish, purplish, or whitish, 8 mm. broad: crowns contiguous.—A species of southern Arizona, reported from western Texas (Havara). 2. ASCLEPIODORA Gray. Nearly as in Asclepias, but with the greenish corolla-lobes ascending or spreading, the hoods destitute of a horn (widely spreading and some- 265 what incurved, slipper-shaped and laterally compressed, the cavity divided at apex by a crest-like partition), mainly alternate or scattered leaves, solitary and terminal or corymbed loosely-flowered umbels, and oblong or ovate pods (often with soft spinous projections). 1. A. viridis Gray. Almost glabrous: stems short, 3 dm. high : leaves short-petioled, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 em. wide: umbels several in a cluster, short- peduucled: flowers large (2.5 em. broad), with purplish hoods. (Acerates paniculata Decaisne.)—Prairies and dry barrens, extending from north and east through Texas to New Mexico. 2, A. decumbens Gray. Scabrous-puberulent: leaves from lanceolate to linear, tapering to the apex: umbel solitary: flowers 8 to 10 mm. long, with yellowish or dark-purplish hoods.—Dry plains, throughout Texas. 3. ASCLEPIAS L. (MILKWEED. SILKWEED.) Perennial upright herbs, with peduncles terminal or lateral (and be- tween usually opposite petioles) bearing simple many-flowered umbels, 5-parted persistent calyx with small reflexed divisions, deeply 5-parted corolla with reflexed de: iduous divisions, crown of 5 hooded bodies seated on the stamen-tube and each containing an incurved horn, 5 stamens “inserted on base of corolla with filaments united in a tube which en- closes the pistil, anthers adherent to the stigma (each with 2 vertical cells, tipped with a membranaceous appendage, each cell containing a flattened pear-shaped and waxy pollen-mass; the two contiguous pol- len-masses of adjacent anthers forming pairs which hang by a slender prolongation of their summits from 5 cloven glands that grow on the angles of the stigma), 2 ovaries tapering into very short styles and with a large depressed 5-angled fleshy stigmatic disk in common, 2 pods (one often abortive), and flat margined seeds bearing a tuft of long silky hairs (coma) and downwardly imbricated all over the large placenta. * Hood sessile, broader or at least not attenuate at base ; horn conspicuous: anther-wings broadest and usually angulate-truncate and salient at base. + Flowers orange-color: leaves mosily scattered. 1, A.tuberosa L. (BUTTERFLY-WEED. PLEURISY-ROOT.) Roughish-hairy, 3 to 6 dm. high: stems very leafy, branching at summit, and bearing usually numerous ‘umbels in a terminal corymb: leaves from- linear to oblong-lanceolate, sessile or slightly petioled: hoods narrowly oblong, bright orange, scarcely longer than the nearly erect and slender awl-shaped horns: pods hoary, erect on deflexed pedicels.— Dry and usually sandy soil, throughout Texas. + + Flowers bright red or purple: pods naked, fusiform : leaves opposite. 2. A. paupercula Michx. Glabrous: stem slender, 6 to 12 dm. high: leaves elon- rated-lanceolate or linear, transversely veined, tapering to both ends, slightly peti- oled: umbels 5 to 12-tlowered: divisions ofred corolla narrowly oblong; hoods bright orange, about 6 mm. long, exceeding the anthers and much exceeding the incurved horn: pods erect on deflexed pedicels.—Marshes near the coast. 3. A. incarnata L. (SWAMP MILKWEED.) Smooth or nearly so, the stem with two downy lines above and very leafy: leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute or pointed, obtuse or obscurely heart-shaped at base, with ascending veins: flowers rose-purple; hoods 2 mm. long, equaling the anthers and scarcely equaling the ‘Slender needle- mm: pods erect on erect pedicels.—A common swamp species of the Atlan- represented in Texas by var. LONGIFOLIA Gray, which has glabrous or 18 pointed ho tic region, 2816—02 266 minutely pubescent elongated or linear-lanceolate leaves (10 to 17.5 cm. long by 8 te 12 mm. broad), stems 12 to 18 dm. high, and paler flowers. ~ + + Flowers greenish, yellowish, white, or merely purplish-tinged : leaves opposite or whorled, or the upper rarely scattered : pods wholly unarmed. ++ Pods erect or ascending on the deflexed or deourved fruiting pedicels, =Unmbel solitary, on a naked terminal peduncle : leaves sessile, broad, transversely veined, wavy : glabrous and pale or glaucous. 4, A. obtusifolia Michx. Stem 6 to 9dm. high: leaves oblong with a heart-shaped clasping base, very obtuse or retuse: peduncle 7.5 to 30cm. long: corolla pale green- ish-purple; hoods truncate, somewhat toothed at the summit, shorter than the slender awl-pointed horn.—Dry or sandy soil, extending into Texas from the Atlan- tic region. == Umbels usually more than one and on peduncles overtopping or equaling the leaves : stem tall and simple: leaves as in no. 4. 5. A.elata Benth. Glabrous up to the peduncles: umbels 2 to 4 or rarely solitary, mauy-flowered: pedicels pubescent or villous: corolla greenish-white; hoods obo- vate-truncate, with fleshy gibbous-incurved back, the whole length within occu- pied by a broad and thin crest, which is 2-lobed at summit, the outer lobe broad and rounded, the inner a short and nearly included horn. (A. glaucescens Gray, not H. B. K.).—Extreme southwestern Texas. = = = Umbels more than one, on peduncles longer than the orbicular leaves or than the much shortened stem. 6. A. nummularia Torr. Clustered stems 2.5 to 5 cm. high: leaves in two or three approximated pairs, orbicular, mucronate, thickish, canescently tomentose, glabrate with age: peduncles 3.5 to 4cm. long, many-flowered: corolla greenish- white; hoods ovate, a little longer than the anthers, with short and stout horn: pods tomentulose.—Extreme southwestern Texas. == = = Umbels mostly more than one: peduncle (sometimes none) not overtopping the leaves. a, Leaves large, orbicular to oblong-lanceolate: hoods broad, little if at all exceeding the anthers. : 7. A. Jamesii Torr. Glabrous or some minute pubescence on young parts: stem stout, 3 dm.or more-high: leaves about 5 pairs, approximate, remarkably thick, rounded or broadly oval, often emarginate, subcordate at base, nearly sessile: umbels 2 or 3, densely many-flowered, on short peduncles: corolla-lobes ovate, greenish; hoods truncate, entire: pod barely acute.—Plains of western Texas. 8. A. arenaria Torr. Lanuginous-tomentose, glabrate in age: stems about 3 dm. high, stout, thickly leaved: leaves coriaceous when old, obovate or oval and retuse or the lower ovate, with rounded subcordate base, somewhat undulate, distinctly petioled: umbels densely many-flowered, on short peduncles: corolla-lobes oval, greenish; hoods truncate at base and summit, the latter notched on each side near the inner angle: pod long-acuminate, tomentulose.—Limpia cation (Nealley). b. Leaves narrow, lanceolate to linear, green and nearly glabrous: hoods obtuse, shorter than the anthers. 9. A. brachystephana Engelm. Stems 15 to 25 cm. high, very leafy, cinereous- puberulent or tomentose when young, the inflorescence more floccose: leaves 2.5 to 7.5 cm, long, much surpassing the 3 to 8 few-flowered umbels: flowers lurid-purplish; hoods only half as long as the anthers, strongly angulate-toothed at the front, the tip of the erect subulate horn exserted.—Dry sandy soil, western Texas. ce. Leaves very narrow and slender, sessile : hoods equaling or surpassing the anthers, 10. A. macrotis Torr. Glabrous or nearly so: filiform branches often 3dm, or more long, numerous in diffuse tufts from a woody stem: leaves narrowly linear with revolute margins, almost filiform, 2.5 cm. or more long: umbels 3 to 5-flowered, ter- 267 minal and lateral, short-peduncled or sessile: flowers purplish or greenish; hoods with ovate erect base as long as the anthers, above contracted into a gradually atten- uate twice longer subulate spreading portion with incurving apex; the broad horn short and blunt, with barely exserted apex: pods ovate-lanceolate, 2.6 cm. long.— Rocky hills along the Rio Grande, extreme western Texas. 11. A. quinquedentata Gray. Glabrous: leaves narrowly linear and elongated: umbels 4 to 10-flowered: corolla-lobes greenish-white; hoods white, about as long as the anthers, somewhat quadrate, the keeled back ending below in a truncate salient base, the truncate summit prominently and acutely 5-toothed; the horn falcate, adnate up to the summit, and with an inflexed moderately exserted subulate apex: pods slender-fusiform, 10 cm. long.—Prairies and rocky hills, western Texas. d. Leaves from ovate to oblong, mostly pubescent or puberulent: hoods obtuse, entire, twice or thrice the length of the anthers, 12. A.nyctaginifolia Gray. Roughish-puberulent: leaves rhombic-ovate, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, rather long-petioled: umbels all lateral, very short-peduncled, 4 to 20-flow- ered: corolla-lobes greenish; hoods laterally much compressed, mainly solid, with a narrow dorsal keel and a broader ventral wing, the latter bearing 2 lamella, its broad upper part inclosing a crest which bears a short subulate exserted horn: pods short, ovate, cinereous-puberulent.—Extending from western Texas to southeastern Cali- fornia. ++ ++ Pods and fruiting pedicels erect: leaves often whorled : glabrous or nearly go. 13. A. perennis Walt. Stems 3 to6 dm. high, persistent or somewhat woody at base: leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate, tapering to both ends, thin, rather slen- der-petioled, 5 to 10 cm. long: flowers white, small; the small hoods shorter than the needle-shaped horn.—Extending from the Atlantic region to western Texas, where var. PARVULA Gray also occurs, which is barely 3 dm. high and with leaves 2.5 to 5 em. long. 14. A. verticillata L. Stems slender, very leafy to the summit: leaves filiform- linear, with revolute margins, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 3 to 6in a whorl: umbels small: corolla-lobes greenish-white; hoods about half the length of the incurved claw- shaped horns.—A dry soil species of the Atlantic region, extending through Texas to New Mexico and Mexico. In southern and western Texas there also occurs var. SUB- VERTICILLATA Gray, with leaves all opposite or barely in 3s, 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long, flat- ter, the margins less or little revolute. ** Hoods long-stipitate, their stalks adnate to anther-column, exceeding the anthers; the crest-like process adnate to the nearly open-toothed blade: anther-wings broader and somewhat angulate about the middle. 15. A. longicornu Benth. More or less pubescent: leaves all opposite, from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 5 to 10 cm. long, petioled: flowers yellowish-green: pods erect on the deflexed pedicel. (A. Lindheimeri Eng. & Gray.)—Throughout southern and western Texas. *** Hoods sessile, with a minute horn exserted from the 2-lobed apex: anther-wings broadly rounded at base and conspicuously auriculate-notched just above tt. 16. A. stenophylla Gray. Puberulent, but foliage glabrous: stems slender, 3 to igh: : ; : : . wide), upper _ high: leaves narrowly linear (7 5 to 17.5 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm wide), iP aki lower opposite: umbels 10 to 15-flowered: corolla-lobes greenish; hoods whitish. ‘equaling the anthers: pods erect on ascending pedicels.—Dry prairies, ? northern Texas. 4, ACHRATES Ell. (GREEN MILKWEED.) Nearly as in Asclepias, but hoods destitute of crest or horn.—Leaves i i ‘ te, short-petioled or sessile; greenish opposite or irregularly alternate, 8 ; ears in compact many-flowered umbels; pods smooth and slender. 268 * Crown upon a short column and shorter than the globular mass of anthers and stigma: leaves mainly alternate-scattered, very numerous. J. A.auriculata Engelm. Glabrous up to the inflorescence: stem 6 to 9dm. high: leaves linear-filiform, 10 to 15 cm. long, with scabrous margins: pedicels short: hoods oval or quadrate, emarginately or sometimes 3-crenately truncate, the involute mar- gins at base appendaged with a pair of remarkably large and broad auricles.—Prai- ries and rocky ground, from southern Texas to New Mexico and Colorado, likely to be confounded with Asclepias stenophylla. 2. A.longifolia Ell. Minutely roughish-hairy or smoothish: stem erect, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves from linear to elongated-lanceolate, 7.5 to 20 cm. long: pedicels slender: hoods purple or purplish, oval, obtuse, entire, unappendaged.—Moist prai- ries and pine-barrens, extending from the Atlantic region into Texas. ** Crown sessile, the oblong hoods nearly equaling themass of anthers and stigma (which is longer than broad): leaves often opposite and broader. 3. A. viridiflora Ell. Minutely soft-downy, becoming smoothish: stems ascend- ing, 3 to6 dm. high: leaves oval to linear, thick, 3.5 to 10 cm. long: umbels nearly sessile, lateral, dense, and globose: flowers short-pediceled.—Dry sterile soil, ex- tending from the Atlantic region to southern Texas. Runs into var. LANCEOLATA Gray, with lanceolate leaves 6.5 to 10 cm. long; and var. LINEARIS Gray, with elon- gated linear leaves, low stems, and often solitary umbels. 5. ENSLENTIA Nutt. A smooth perennial twining herb, with opposite cordate-ovate and pointed long-petioled leaves, small whitish flowers in raceme-like clus- ters on slender axillary peduncles, 5-parted calyx, 5-parted corolla with erect ovate-lanceolate divisions, crown of 5 free membranaceous leaflets which are truncate or obscurely lobed at apex where they bear a pair of flexuous awns united at base, anthers nearly as in Asclepias, oblong pollinia obtuse at both ends and fixed below the summit of the stigma to the descending glands, and oblong-Janceolate smooth pods. 1. B. albida Nutt. Climbing high: leaves 7.5 to 12.5 cm. wide.—River banks, extending from the Atlantic region into Texas. 6. ROULINIA Decaisne. Twining plants, with the aspect and growth of Enslenia, but with rotate-spreading corolla, 5-parted crown with divisions simply and ab- ruptly acuminate or ligulate-tipped, and tuberculiform and short anther- wings. 1. R. unifaria Engelm. Leaves decply cordate, abruptly slender-acuminate: cymes 10 to 20-flowered, somewhat paniculate or racemiform: flowers grecnish-white: pods oblong, thick, 7.5 to 10 em. long.—Along the streams of southern and western Texas. 7. METASTELMA R. Br. Twining perennial glabrous herbs, with small opposite leaves, small white or greenish flowers in axillary umbelliform clusters, short calyx with obtuse lobes, campanulate 5-cleft or parted corolla with lobes commonly puberulent or bearded within, crown of 5 flat or slender dis- tinct scales or subulate processes (not tipped with any appendage or prolonged middle lobe) born on corolla or column, and smooth pods.—In ours the crown is borne on the base of the corolla or of the short column. 269 i M. barbigerum Scheele. Leaves from ovate-oblong to narrowly lanceolate, cus- pidate-acuminate, rounded at base: peduncles shorter than petioles, often very short: corolla about 4 mm. long, its linear lobes strongly white-villous within: slender-subu- late scales of the crown on base of corolla.—Open woods and rocky banks, southern and western Texas. 2. M. Palmeri Watson. Leaves lanceolate, acutish or obtuse at base: cymes sub- sessile or short-peduncled: corolla not over 3mm. long, its oblong lobes merely puber- ulent within: lanceolate-acuminate or ovate-subulate scales of the crown inserted at base of extremely short column.—Southern and western borders of Texas. 8. VINCETOXICUM Mench. Mostly twining herbs, with opposite leaves, small usually dull flowers in axillary umbellate clusters, 5-parted calyx, rotate 5-parted corolla, crown (in ours) of 5 thin or thinnish scales or processes either distinct or barely united at base, and anthers, smooth pods and seeds much as in Asclepias. 1. V. palustreGray. Stems filiform, freely twining upon rushes and saline grasses: leaves linear, acute, fleshy, 2.5 to5 cm. long, 2 to 4mm. broad: peduncles longer than leaves: corolla greenish; scales of crown oblong-obovate, retuse or emarginate. (Seulera maritima Decaisne).—Salt marshes along the coast. 9. GONOLOBUS Michx. Mostly twining herbs or shrubs, with opposite cordate leaves, usually corymbose-umbelled greenish or dark purple flowers on peduncles rising from between the petioles, 5-parted calyx, 5-parted rotate (sometimes reflexed-spreading) corolla, small and fleshy annular or cup-shaped crown in the throat of the corolla, horizontal anthers partly hidden un- der the flattened stigma and opening transversely, 5 pairs of horizontal pollinia, and swollen pods mostly muricate with soft warty projections. * Corolla reticulated and sometimes rugulose with a fine network of colored veins ; the lobes commonly broad and roundish: crown single. 1. G. reticulatus Engelm. Hirsute with spreading and reddish bristly hairs: loaves deeply cordate with incurved auricles, acute or acuminate: peduncles equal- ing or exceeding the slender petiole and sometimes larger than the leaf, 5 to 9-flow- ered: corolla lurid green, with purplish venation, glabrous within, hairy without; lobes broadly ovate or obovate: crown a narrow entire ring around the base of the distinct column: pods strongly muricate. (G. granulatus Torr. Mex. Bound., not Scheelo.)—Thickets and rocky banks of southern and western Texas. ** Corolla not venulose-reticulated (at least not conspicuously) ; the lobes from ovate- acuminate to linear: crown simple, unappendaged within: pods smooth. 2. G. levis Michx. More or less pubescent or hairy: leaves oblong-cordate with a deep and narrow open sinus, conspicuously acuminate, 7.5 to 15cm. long: umbels 5 to 10-flowered, barely equaling the petiole: corolla elongated-conical in bud, not twisted; lobes narrowly or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous inside, 3 or 4 times as long as the calyx: crown a low and undulately 10-lobed fleshy disk at base of short column.—Extending from the Gulf States into eastern Toxas, and passing into var. MACROPHYLLUS Gray (G@. macrophyllus Mx.), with larger broadly cordate leaves, the sinus often closed, finely pubescent beneath. 3. G. sagittifolius Gray. Barely puberulent, small and low: leaves rather fleshy, 6 to 12 mm. long, with petiole of half the length, sagittate, with auricles obtuse or roundish: flowers solitary and sv bsessile in the axils: crown at base of corolla, en- tire and saucer-shaped.—Mountain sides along the Limpia River. 270 "** Corolla not conspicuously reticulated: crown appendaged or crested within, or else double (the internal appendages free): stems low, little or not at all twining. + Peduncles none (or merely a terminal one by reduction of uppermost leaves to bracts). 4. G. biflorus Nutt. Hirsute-villous: procumbent or diffuse, not twining: leaves cordate, about 2.5 cm. long, on slender petioles much longer than the basal lobes; the upper triangular-cordate; uppermost sometimes reduced and bract-like: pedicels in pairs, sometimes solitary, nearly equaling the petiole: corolla dark dull-purple; lobes sparsely pubescent both sides: crown saucer-shaped, 5-lobed; the lobes with a salient crest within which at summit extends into a conspicuous callous acumination in- curving over the edge of the stigma: pods muricate.—Extending from Arkansas into western Texas. In eastern Texas is var. WRIGHTIL Gray, with more deeply parted corolla, shorter acumination of crown, and large stout pods hirsute as well as muri- cate. 5. G. cynanchoides Engelm, Pubescent and somewhat hirsute: procumbent or diffuse, not twining: leaves cordate, 2.5 to5 cm. long, on short petioles mostly longer than the basal lobes; upper often ovate-lanceolate; uppermost not rarely reduced to bracts, the inflorescence thus becoming clustered at naked summit: pedicels also in pairs from a few axils below, rather longer than petiole: corolla dark greenish-pur- ple; lobes pubescent outside, glabrous within: crown saucer-shaped, 5-lobed; lobes appendaged inside by a prominent crest or ligule which is free and obtuse at apex: pods sparsely muricate, pubescent.—Dry prairies, extending from Arkansas to west- ern Texas. 6. G. parvifolius Torr, Puberulent, much branched, sparingly climbing: leaves thickish, deltoid or hastate, very small, 4 to 10 mm. long and rather long-petioled: flowers solitary (rarely 2) and nearly sessile in the axils: corolla small, dull yellow, glabrous throughout: crown fleshy, deeply 5-lobed; lobes appendaged by a broad and wholly adnate crest which at tip within is extended into a minute projecting tooth.—Southern and western Texas. ++ Peduncles axillary and terminal, wumbellately or racemosely flowered. 7. G. productus Torr. Minutely pubescent: stem twining or trailing, 6 to 12 dm. long: leaves sagittate-cordate, gradually tapering-acuminate above, with slender petiole: peduncles axillary, about as long as petioles and umbellately 3 to 5-flowered: corolla 8 mm. long, oblong-campanulate, dull greenish-purple: crown cup-shaped, crenately lobed: pods smooth.—Western Texas. 8. G. parviflorus Gray. Hirsute-pubescent: stems not twining, low, much, branched from a tuberous base: leaves ovate (or lower almost orbicular), not cordate, often undulate, short-petioled: peduncles axillary and terminal, filiform, surpassing the leaves, somewhat racemosely flowered: corolla 2 mm. long, rotate, purplish: crown laciniate and double: pods pubescent, tuberculate-muricate. (Lachnostoma? parviflorum Torr. Mex. Bound.)—Southern and western Texas. LOGANIACEZ, (LOGANIA FAMILY.) Herbs, shrubs or trees, with opposite (mostly) entire leaves and stipules or a stipular line or membrane between them, regular 4 or 5- merous 4 or 5-androus perfect flowers, and ovary free from calyx. * Stigmas 4, apex of style being twice 2-cleft: woody twiners with evergreen leaves. 1. Gelsemium. Corolla large, the 5 lobes imbricated in bud: style slender. ** Stigma single, entire or barely 2-lobed. + Corolla valvate in bud, 5-lobed: pod didymous or 2-lobed: herbs. 2. Spigelia. Style single, jointed in the middle: corolla tubular funnelform or salverform. 271 3. Mitreola. Styles 2, short, converging, united at summit and with a common stigma: corolla urn-shaped. + + Corolla imbricated in bud, 4 sometimes 5-lobed. ++ Calyx deeply 4 or 5-parted: pod loculicidal: annual herb. 4. Polypremum. Corolla campanulate, shorter than the subulate foliaceous sepals. + + Calyx 4-toothed or cleft: pod septicidal: shrubs with leaves often dentate, 5. Buddleia. Corolla mostly rotate-campanulate: anthers sessile or nearly so in the throat. 6. Emorya. Corolla salverform: stamens exserted; filaments elongated, inserted on middle of tube, 1. GELSEMIUM Juss. (YELLOW JESSAMINE.) Smooth and twining shrubby plants, with ovate or lanceolate leaves, minute deciduous stipules, showy yellow flowers, 5-parted calyx, open funnelform 5-lobed corolla, 5 stamens with oblong sagittate anthers, long slender style, each of the 2 stigmas 2-parted into linear divisions, elliptical 2-celled 2-valved pod flattened contrary to the narrow parti- tion, and many or several winged seeds. 1. G. sempervirens Ait. Stem climbing high: leaves short petioled, shining, nearly persistent: flowers in short axillary clusters: pedicels scaly-bracted: flowers very fragrant, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long.—Extending from woods and low grounds of the Gulf States through Texas to Mexico. 2. SPIGELIA L. (PINK-ROOT. WoORM-GRASS.) Chiefly herbs, with opposite leaves united by stipules, flowers spiked in one-sided cymes or solitary, 5-parted calyx with slender lobes, tubu- lar funnelform corolla 5-lobed at summit, 5 stamens with linear anthers, solitary slender style hairy above and jointed near the middle, and a short 2-celled twin pod separating at maturity from a persistent base into two carpels. * Flowers showy, in one-sided spikes: corolla red or pink, elongated-tubular : anthers and style exserted. 1. S. Marilandica L. (INDIAN PINK, etc.) Stems simple and erect, 15 to 45 cm. high: leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute: spike simple or forked, short: corolla 3.5 cm. long, red outside, yellow within; tube 4 times as long as the calyx.—Rich woods, extending from the Atlantic region into Texas. * * Flowers small, terminal and in the forks of leafy branches: corolla salverform, white or nearly so: anthers and style included. 2, S$. Lindheimeri Gray. Diffusely much branched from base, puberulent-sca- brous: leaves from ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 2.5 cm. long or less, acutish at base: sepals linear, the scarious margins conspicuously dentate: corolla 8 mm. long.—Prai- ries of western Texas. 3. S. Texana A. DC. Nearly smooth and glabrous: leaves ovate to lanceolate- oblong, thinner and larger (2.5 to 5 cm. long), mostly acute at both ends: sepals seta- ceous-subulate, only 1-nerved, the margins very obscurely serrulate-scabrous: corolla 12mm.long. (Celostylis Texana Torr. & Gray.—Eastern and southern Texas. 272 3 MITREOLA L. (MitTRewort.) Annual smooth herbs, with small stipules between the leaves, small white flowers spiked along one side of the branches of a terminal peti- oled cyme, 5-parted calyx, somewhat funnelform 5-lobed corolla little larger than the calyx, 5 included stamens, 2 short styles converging and united above by a common stigina, and an exserted strongly 2-horned or mitre-shaped pod opening down the inner side of each horn. 1. M. petiolata Torr. & Gray. Leaves thin, oblong-lanceolate, petioled.—Damp soil, extending from the Gulf States through Texas to Mexico. 4. POLYPREMUM L. A smooth diffuse much-branched small annual, with narrowly lincar or awl-shaped leaves connected at base by a slight stipular line, incon- spicuous white flowers solitary and sessile in the forks and at. the ends of branches, 4-parted calyx with awl-shaped divisions from a broad scarious-margined base, almost wheel-shaped corolla not longer than calyx and bearded in the throat, 4 very short stamens with globular anthers, single very short style with entire stigma, and ovoid 2-celled loculicidal many-seeded pod notched at apex. 1. P. procumbens L.—Sandy soil, extending from the Atlantic region, through Texas to Mexico. 5. BUDDLEIA Houston. Mostly shrubs, with canescent or tomentose stellate down, leaves sometimes dentate and with petioles connected by a transverse stipular line or more evident stipules, commonly small flowers crowded into capitate clusters which are variously disposed, 4-toothed campanulate calyx, rotate-campanulate corolla with ovate or orbicular lobes, 4 anthers sessile or nearly so in throat or tube of corolla, and globose or oblong septicidal pod. * Flowers in comparatively loose and very numerous clusters in an ample and naked ter- minal panicle. 1. B. Humboldtiana Rem. & Schult. Minutely ferrugineous-tomentose: leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate, 7.5 cm. long, rounded at base, rather long-petioled, copiously pinnately-veined: flowers 3 mm. long.—Borders of southwestern Texas. — _** Flowers in numerous and small dense pedunculate heads, in a virgate raceme. 2. B. racemosa Torr. Stems loosely branching, nearly glabrous: leaves from ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate with a truncate or obscurely hastate base, irregu- larly crenate-dentate, mostly obtuse, 5 to 10 em. long, short-petioled, green and glabrous above, puberulent-canescent beneath: raceme of heads from 1 to3 dm. long: heads about 6 mm. broad: corolla little exceeding the tomentulose calyx.—Rocky banks, western Texas. Along the San Pedro occurs var. INCANA Torr., with leaves barely 2.5 cm. long and fulvous-canescent-tomentose beneath. *** Flowers in solitary or geminate heads or capitate clusters: leaves, branches, and heads densely soft-tomentose throughout. 3. B. marrubiifolia Benth. Canescent or ferrugineous: leaves obovate or oval with cuneate base, arcuate, about 12 mm. long, short-petioled, the dense tomentum 273 somewhat velvety: flowers in a globose terminal head (12 mm. broad), on a short peduncle: “corolla golden-yellow turning orange red.”—Southern Texas, along the Rio Grande, and adjacent Mexico. 4. B. scordioides [IBK. Ferrugineous-tomentose: leaves narrowly oblong or cuneate-linear, nearly sessile, obtuse, coarsely crenate, rugose, 2.5 cm. long or less: dense clusters of flowers sessile in the axils of all upper leaves, the pair combined around the stem into a globular head.—From southeastern Texas to Arizona and adjacent Mexico. Nealloy’sspecimens from western Texas show the dense axillary flower clusters in contact with each other, giving the appearance of a long thick spike from which the upper leaves project as bracts. 6. BMORYA Torr. A much branched somewhat pulverulent or puberulent shrub, with flowers in a narrow and pedunculate panicle, oblong 4-cleft calyx with linear-subulate lobes, salverform corolla, exserted stamens with filiform and elongated filaments inserted on the middle of the tube, very long and filiform style, and a septicidal globose or oblong pod. 1. E. suaveolens Torr. Leaves canescent beneath, somewhat deltoid or hastate, sinuate-dentate with a few coarse teeth, obtuse, petioled, 12 mm. or more long: flow- ers sweet-scented: corolla over 2.5 cm. long, ‘‘greenish-white or yellowish.”—Cajions of the Rio Grande below Presidio. GENTIANEA. (GENTIAN FAMILY.) Smooth herbs, with opposite and sessile entire and simple leaves (in ours) without stipules, regular flowers with stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, a 1-celled ovary with 2 parietal placentw or nearly the whole inner face ovuliferous, and fruit usually a 2-valved septicidal many-seeded pod. * Leaves sessile, never alternate. + Lobes of corolla convolute in bud. ++ Style filiform, usually deciduous: anthers mostly twisting or curving in age. J. Brythrza. Parts of flower 5 or 4: corolla salverform: anthers twisting spi- rally. 2, Sabbatia. Parts of flower 5 to12: corolla rotate: anthers recurved or revolute. 3. Eustoma. Parts of flower 5 or 6: corolla campanulate-funnelform: anthers versatile, straight or recurving: calyx-lobes long-acuminate. ++ ++ Style stout and persistent: anthers remaining straight. Corolla 4-parted, rotate; a fringed glandular spot on each lobe. _ + Lobes of corolla imbricate in bud; no appendages. 5. Obolaria. Calyx of 2 foliaceous sepals: corolla 4-lobed, oblong-campanulate. * * Leaves all alternate and mostly petioled: marsh or aquatic perennials. Leaves simple, rounded: corolla bearded at base or margins 4, FPrasera. 6. Limnanthemum. only. 1. BRYTHR@A Richard. (CENTAURY.) Low and small branching annuals, chiefly with rose-purple or reddish flowers, 4 or 5-parted calyx with slender divisions, funnelform or salver- form corolla with slender tube and 4 or 5-parted limb, exserted erect 274 anthers twisting spirally, single slender style with capitate 2-lipped stigma, and oblong-ovate to fusiform pod. * Flowers small: corolla-lobes 3 to 5 mm. long, much shorter than the tube: anthers oblong, 1. E. Texensis Griseb. Slender, diffusely much branched above into a loose panicu- late cyme: leaves linear or the lowest lanceolate and the uppermost reduced to sub- ulate bracts: flowers all slender-pediceled: corolla (light rose color) with very slen- der tube 8 to 10 mm. long, and lanceolate-oblong lobes (4 mm. long) which become lanceolate-linear, longer, and acute.—Common on rocks and hills. ** Flowers larger: corolla-lobes 7 to 12 mm. long, but more or less shorter than the tube: * anthers linear. 2. BE. Beyrichii Torr. & Gray. Slender, at length fastigiately much branched: leaves linear, the uppermost nearly filiform: flowers very numerous, fastigiate- cymose: corolla-lobes linear-oblong and becoming linear, 10 mm. long, in age by involu- tion becoming acuminate.—From Arkansas to southern and western Texas. 3. E. calycosa Buckley. Paniculately or somewhat cymosely branched: leaves from narrowly oblong to lanceolate or linear: inflorescence loose; pedicels mostly as long as the calyx or the whole flower: corolla-lobes oval or oblong, obtuse, 7 to 10 mm. long; the tube usually equaled by the calyx.—Western Texas and adjacent Mexico. On the stony hills of western Texas ia var. NANA Gray, which is lower, with leaves all linear and inflorescence corymbose. 2. SABBATIA Adans. Biennials or annuals, with slender stems, cymose-panicled handsome (white or rose-purple) flowers, 5 to 12-parted calyx with slender divi- sions, 5 to 12-parted rotate corolla, 5 to 12 stamens with anthers soon recurved, 2-cleft or parted slender style, and globose or ovoid coriaceous pod. * Corolla 5-parted, rarely 6 or 7-parted. 1. S. calycosa Pursh. Diffusely forking, pale, 3 dm. high or less: leaves oblong or lance-oblong, narrowed at base: calyx-lobes foliaceous, spatulate-lanceolate, ex- ceeding the rose-colored or almost white corolla.—Seacoast and near it. 2. S. campestris Nutt. Divergently branched above: leaves ovate with subcord- ate clasping base, on the branches lanceolate: calyx equaling the lilac corolla, the lobes slender and tube short (nearly or quite inclosing the retuse pod).—Prairies of Arkansas and Texas. ** Corolla 8 to 12-parted, large and showy. 3. S. gentianoides Ell. Stem strict: radical leaves in a rosulate tuft, obovate or oblong; cauline very narrowly linear; uppermost involucrating the terminal cluster of 3 to 5 (sometimes 1 or 2) nearly sessile flowers: calyx-lobes lanceolate-sub- ulate, very much shorter than the spatulate corolla lobes.—Extending into Texas from the pine-barrens of the Gulf States. 3. EUSTOMA Salisb. Glaucous large-flowered annuals, with more or less clasping and con- nate leaves, slender terminal and more or less paniculate 1-flowered peduncles, 5- (rarely 6-) parted calyx with long-acuminate lobes, cam- panulate-funnelform deeply 5 or 6-lobed corolla, oblong versatile anthers straight or recurving in age, filiform nearly persistent style with stigma of 2 broad lamell#, and oval or oblong pod. 275 1. H. Russellianum Griseb. About 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves from ovate- to lance- olate-oblong: lobes of lavender-purple corolla obovate (3.5 cm. long), 4 times longer than the tube: anthers hardly curving in age: style elongated: pod oblong, usually pointed.—Extending from the northern plains to southern and western Texas. In southern Texas is var. GRACILE Gray, which is smaller, with leaves lanceolate and capsule not pointed. 2. B. silenifolium Salisb. Lower: leaves oblong: corolla-lobes nearly oblong (barely 2.5 cm. long), twice the length of the tube: style little longer than stigmas: pod elliptical-oblong, very obtuse. (Z. exaltatum Griseb.)—Southern Texas and ad- jacent Mexico. 4. PFRASERA Walt. (AMERICAN COLUMBO.) Tall and showy herbs, with mostly simple stems bearing whorled leaves and numerous peduncled flowers in open cymes disposed in an ample elongated panicle, deeply 4-parted calyx, deeply 4-parted rotate corolla with each division bearing a glandular and fringed pit on the face, awl-shaped filaments usually somewhat monadelphous at base, persistent style with 2-lobed stigma, and oval flattened 4 to 14-seeded pod with large flat wing-margined seeds. 1. F. speciosa Dougl. Stem stout, 6 to 15 dm. high, very leafy: leaves in 4s and 6s; radical and lowest cauline obovate or oblong, 15 to 25 cm. long; upper lanceolate and at length linear: flowers very numerous in a long leafy thyrsus: lobes of green- ish white or barely bluish dark-dotted corolla bearing the pair of contiguous and densely long-fringed glands about the middle, and a distant transversely inserted and setaceously multifid scale-like crown near the base.—A species of the western mountains, and reported from Guadalupe Mountains of western Texas. 5. OBOLARIA L. Low and very smooth purplish-green perennial, with opposite wedge- obovate leaves, dull white or purplish flowers solitary or in clusters of three (terminal and axillary, nearly sessile), calyx of 2 spatulate spread- ing foliaceous sepals, tubular bell-shaped withering -persistent 4-cleft corolla, short stamens inserted at sinuses of corolla, short persistent style with 2-lipped stigma, and ovoid pod with seeds covering the whole wall. 1. O. Virginica L. Herbaceous and rather fleshy: lower leaves scale-like: flow- ers 8 mm. long.—Moist woods, extending into Texas from the Atlantic region. 6. LIMNANTHEMUM Guelin. (FLOATING HEART.) Perennial aquatics, with rounded floating leaves on very long petioles which bear near the summit the umbel of flowers (often along with a cluster of rootlets), 5-parted calyx, almost rotate 5-parted corolla with divisions fringed or bearded at base or margins only and bearing a glandular appendage near the base, no style, 2-lobed persistent stigma, and a few to many-seeded pod at length bursting irregularly. . Leaves cordate-orbicular, 5 to 15 cm. broad, with oa 2 ae texture, the Ginoslareil, lowe surface reticulate- bel usually destitute of rootlets: expanded corolla ined, spongy and pitted: um : f ‘iBari ae cain niughensd «Panis and streams, extending into Texas from the Atlantic region. 276 POLEMONIACEZ. (POLEMONIUM FAMILY.) Herbs with alternate or opposite leaves, regular 5-merous and 5-an- drous flowers, corolla-lobes convolute in bud, 3-celled ovary and 3-lobed style, and a 3-celled 3-valved loculicidal few to many-seeded pod, the valves usually breaking away from the triangular center column. 1. Phlox. Corolla salverform: calyx narrow: leaves mostly opposite, entire. 2. Gilia. Corolla tubular-funnelform or salverform to campanulate or rotate: calyx narrow, partly scarious: leaves mostly alternate, entire or variously divided, 1. PHLOX L. Annuals or perennials, with opposite (alternate in no. 4) and sessile perfectly entire leaves (the floral often alternate), cymose flowers in open terminal or crowded axillary clusters, narrow somewhat prismatic or plaited and angled calyx, salverform corolla with long tube, included stamens very unequally inserted in the corolla-tube, and ovoid pod with sometimes 2 ovules but ripening only a single seed in each cell. 1. P. pilosa L. Herbaceous perennial: stems slender, nearly erect, 3 to 5 dm. high, usually hairy, as are the lanceolate or linear leaves (2.5 to 10 cm. long), which com- monly taper to a sharp point: cymes at length open: calyx-teeth slender awl-shaped and awn-like, longer than the tube, loose or spreading: lobes of the pink-purple or rose- red (rarely white) corolla obovate, entire.—Extending into Texas from the Atlantic region. In the Gulf region and extending into Texas is var. DETONSA Gray, which is a smoother or almost glabrous plant, with corymb and calyx more or less pubescent. 2. P. nana Nutt. Glandular and roughish-pubescent, low and loosely and copiously branching from a somewhat woody base: leaves linear (2.5 to 5 em. long): flowers scattered or somewhat corymbose: calyx-tube cylindraceous, the thin-mem- branous portion between the ribs not projecting into salient angles: corolla rose, “red,” or “ white,” with tube exceeding the calyx; the ample and broadly cuneate- obovate or roundish lob«s entire or nearly so.—Western borders of Texas. 3. P. Drummondii Hook. Annual, loosely branching, villous and glandular: leaves mostly oblong or lanceolate, mucronate-pointed; the upper commonly half- clasping by a broader somewhat cordate base: flowers mostly in crowded cymose clusters: calyx-lobes lanceolatc-subulate, soon recurved: corolla red, varying to rose, purple, or white; lobes broadly obovate, entire or nearly so, about 12 mm. long: tube usually pubescent: ovules solitary in the cells.—Throughout Texas, especially in the eastern part, and everywhere cultivated. Along the Nueces occurs var. VILLOSIS- SIMA Gray, a very villous and viscous form, with more scattered flowers of large size; while common in eastern Texas is var. TENUIS Gray, a small and slender much less pubescent form, with mostly tinear and almost glabrous leaves, and lobes of the pink or purple corolla only 4 to 8 mm. long. : 4, P. Remeriana Scheele. Annual, loosely branched from the base, sparsely hir- sute or glabrate: leaves lanceolate, or the oblong or spatulate lower ones often gla- brous except the margins: flowers solitary or sparse: calyx-lobes linear: corolla pink or rose-colored: the glabrous tube not exceeding the calyx, shorter than the ample roundish obovate entire lobes: ovules in each cell 4 or 5.—High prairies, southern and western Texas. Commonly with most of the leaves alternate. 2. GILIA Ruiz & Pav. Herbs or a few suffruticose, with narrow and acute calyx-lobes and tube scarious below the sinuses, corolla from salverform or funnel- 277 form to campanulate or almost rotate. equally or unequally inserted stamens, and pod with solitary to numerous wingless seeds. * Leaves opposite and palmately divided to the sessile base. 1. G. Bigelovii Gray. Erect and slender glabrous annual: leaves filiform or nearly so, 3 to 5-divided, or the lower simple: flowers inconspicuous; the lobes of the sal- verform corolla not over 4mm. long, hardly surpassing those of the calyx and only 4or $as long as its tube: calyx-tube cylindrical, white-scarious except the ribs: ovules 20 to 40 in cach cell: pod cylindraceous or oblong. (G. dichotoma, vax. parvi- Hora Torr., Mex. Bound.)—Western borders of Texas. ** Leaves alternate and pinnately incised, cleft, or divided, or rarely entire. + Flowers capitate-congested or cymose-glomerate, more or less leafy-bracted: bracts and calyx-lobes cuspidate (but net pungent) and pubescent or ciliate: corolla (white or barely purplish) salverform, with tube little longer than calyx: stamens shorter than corolla-lobes, inserted in or near the sinuses. ++ Leaves all entire, acerose-subulate or filiform. 2. G. Wrightii Gray. Stems rigid, virgate, from an indurated or woody base: very leafy to the top: leaves rigid, cuspidate-tipped: flowers capitate-crowded: bracts ovate-lanceolate, larger ones sparingly laciniate, tipped with an awn-like cusp, as are the subulate calyx-lobes: ovules 3 or 4 in each cell.—Extreme south west- ern Texas, near the Rio Grande. ++ a+ Leaves pinnalifid, trifid, or some entire: flowers cymose-glomerate: low annuals. 3. G. pumila Nutt. Stems loosely woolly (at least when young), leafy: leaves nar- rowly linear, entire or most of them 2 to 4-parted into divergent linear lobes, mu- cronate: corolla-tube slender, about thrice the length of its lobes and twice the leneth of the calyx-lobes: filaments slender, exserted : ovules about 6 in each cell._— Western Texas. 4, G. polycladon Torr. Stems puberulent or sparsely pubescent, diffuse, very few-leaved: leaves pinnatilid or incised, with short oblong abruptly spinulose-mu- cronate lobes: corolla-tube hardly exceeding the calyx-lobes: filaments very short: ovules 2 in each cell.—Western Texas. + + Flowers thyrsoid-paniculate and either glomerate or open, with narrow if any bracts: these and calyx-teeth not pungent-tipped: corolla salverform or trumpet-shaped, mostly elongated : stamens inserted unequally in or below the throat: leaves pin- nately parted into filiform or narrowly linear divisions. a+ Corolla scarlet or red, with white varieties. 5. G. coronopifolia Pers. (STANDING CYPRESS). Glabrous or barely pubescent: stom 6 to018dm. high, very leafy throughout: divisions of the leaves and rhachis nearly filiform: flowers very numerous in a long and narrow compact thyrsus or panicle, scentless: corolla 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, scarlet (within yellowish and dotted with red) ; the lobes moderately spreading.—Dry sandy soil, extending from the Gulf States to western Texas. . 6. G. aggregata Spreng. Somewhat pubescent: stem 6 to 12 dm. high, less leafy: leaves with narrowly linear divisions: thyrsoid narrow panicle loose or interrupted, the fragrant flowers sessile in small clusters: corolla from scarlet to pink-red (rarcly white); the lobes widely spreading, soon recurved. (Collomia aggregata Porter.)— ‘Wester Sexes: + + Corolla purple to white. 7, G.longiflora Don. Annual, elabrous, loosely paniculately branched: leaf-divi- sions long and'slender: flowers loosely somewhat corymbose on slender peduncles: eorolla white, showy: tube often 3.5 cm. long; lobes orbicular or ovate: filaments very unequally inserted in upper part of tube: ovules 10 or 12 in each cell. (Col- lomia longiflora Gray.)—Western borders of Texas. 278 8. G. Macombii Torr. Puberulent, 3 to 6dm.high, from a woody base: leaves rather rigid, pinnately 3 to 7-parted into lobes not wider than the rhachis, or entire and nearly filiform: glomerules of flowers in a narrow virgate thyrsus: corolla vio- let-purple, with tube 12 mm. and obovate lobes 4 mm. long: stamens unequally inserted, 2 to 4 of them barely exserted from the throat, with straight filaments: ovules 5 or 6 in each cell. (G. multiflora Torr. Mex. Bound. in part. Collomia Cav- anillesiana Gray Syn. Fl. in part.)—A species of the mountains of Arizona, but appa- rently represented in extreme western Texas by var. LAXIFLORA Coulter, in which the flowers are very loosely cymose or scattered, corolla white (perhaps a little pur- plish-tinged) and with longer tube, and stamens all included. 9. G. multiflora Nutt. Many-stemmed, 3 to 6 dm. high, with paniculate orvirgate branches; these cinereous puberulent and the calyx usually hirsute: inflorescence nearly as in the preceding: corolla purplish, with slender tube less than 12 mm. and lobes barely 4 mm. long: stamens equally or unequally inserted, conspicuously ex- serted, upper part of filaments incurved: ovules 2 to 4 in each cell. (Collomia Cava- nillesiana Gray Syn. Fl. in part.)—Western borders of Texas. 10. G. Havardi Gray. Manystemmed, low, much branched, villous-pubescent: leaves mostly pinnately parted into filiform rigid lobesno broader than rhachis: flowers scattered: calyx hirsute, its lobes almost spinulose: corolla-tube 6 mm. long and hardly longer than the limb: filaments equally inserted, conspicuously declined- incurved. (Leselia Havardi Gray.)—Beyond the Pecos. + + + Flowers scattered or crowded, inconspicuously bracted or without bracts: corolla Srom funnelform to rotate: stamens usually inserted in or just below the sinuses of the corolla, not exceeding its lobes: leaves various. + Corolla funnelform: flowers sometimes crowded. 11. G. inconspicua Dougl. Mostly low, usually with slight woolly pubescence when young, and viscid glandular: leaves mostly pinnatifid or pinnately parted, or the lowest bipinnatifid, with short mucronate-cuspidate lobes; uppermost be- coming small and entire: flowers either somewhat crowded or at length loosely pani- cled: corolla violet or purplish, 6 to 10mm. long.—Western border of Texas. ++ ++ Corolla rotate: flowers scattered, blue or white. 12. G. incisa Benth. Merely puberulent: stems slender and weak, diffusely branched from base, leafy: leaves thin; radical and lower cauline slender-petioled, roundish ovate or obovate, acutely and incisely toothed or lyrately cleft; upper lanceolate, sparsely laciniate; uppermost linear, more entire, sessile, and gradually reduced to bracts: pedicels 2.5 to 5 cm. long, rigid, loosely and effusely paniculate.— Shady banks and thickets, throughout Texas and adjacent Mexico. 13. G. rigidula Benth. Glabrous or viscid-glandular: stems slender and diffusely branched from a stout woody base: leaves rigid, mostly pinnately (or uppermost nearly palmately) parted or cleft into few or several lanceolate-linear or subulate lobes: pedicels 2.5 cm. long or less.—Rocky plains and hills. At the western border of Texas is var. ACEROSA Gray, which is more dwarf, rigid, and suffruticose, with very leafy branches, leaf-divisions all slender-subulate or acerose and somewhat pun- gent, and short pedicels. HYDROPHYLLACEH. (WATERLEAF FAMILY.) Commonly hairy herbs, with mostly alternate leaves, regular 5-merous and 5-androus flowers, in appearance between the foregoing and the next order, but with entire and 1-celled ovary with 2 parietal 4 to many- ovuled placentw (rarely 2-celled by union of placentz in axis), 2-cleft or 2 separate styles, and 2-valved 4 to many-seeded pod. 279 * Ovary and pod 1-celled: style 2-cleft: leaves cut-toothed, lobed or pinnate. 1. Nemophila. Calyx with appendages at the sinuses: ovary lined with the di- lated and fleshy placenta. 2. Phacelia. Calyx destitute of appendages: ovary with narrow parietal pla- centx. ** Ovary and pod 2-celled: styles 2: leaves entire, 3. Nama. Corolla funnelform or salverform: pod loculicidal, the valves seed- bearing. 4. Hydrolea. Corolla between rotate and bell-shaped: pod septicidal or bursting irregularly, leaving placentz in the axis. 1. NEMOPHILA Nutt. Diffuse and fragile annuals, with opposite or partly alternate pin- natifid or lobed leaves, 1-flowered peduncles (flowers white, blue, or marked with purple), 5-parted more or less accrescent calyx with a re- flexed appendage in each sinus, bell-shaped to rotate corolla with tube mostly with 10 small folds or scales inside, included stamens, and spheri- cal pod ripening 1 to 4 seeds. 1. N. microcalyz Fisch. & Meyer. Small, roughish-pubescent: stems diffusely spreading, 5 to 20 cm. long: leaves parted or deeply cleft into 3 to 5 roundish or wedge-obovate sparingly cut-lobed divisions, the upper leaves all alternate: pedun- cles opposite the leaves, shorter than the ‘long petioles: flowers minute: corolla white, longer than the calyx, with no internal scales: placentz each 2-ovuled: pod 1 or 2-seeded.—Moist woods, extending from the Southern States into Texas. . 2. N. phacelioides Nutt. Sparsely hirsute, 3 to6 dm. high: leaves (all but the earliest) alternate, with naked petioles, 5 to 9-parted; divisions oblong or oval, the larger ones 2 to 5-lobed: peduncles rarely exceeding the leaves: corollalarge, blue, the internal appendages hairy outside: placente# and pod as in the preceding.—Low grounds, from Arkansas to southern and western Texas. 2. PHACELIA Juss. Perennial or mostly annual herbs, with simple lobed or divided leaves, often handsome (blue, purple, or white) flowers in scorpioid raceme-like cymes, 5-parted calyx with naked sinuses, open-bell-shaped 5-lobed corolla, slender often exserted filaments, and ovary with 2 narrow linear parietal placentz usually projecting inward in fruit and forming an imperfect partition in the ovoid 4 to many-seeded pod. * Seeds and ovules 2 on each placenta: corolla campanulate, with narrow folds or append- ages within, the lobes entire. + Leaves all undivided, at most crenate-pinnatifid. 1. P. integrifolia Torr. Strict, viscid-pubescent or hirsute, very leafy: leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, sessile or the lower short-petioled: spikes crowded, at first thyrsoid: stamens and style long-exserted: pod short-ovoid.— Western Texas. + + Leaves mostly once or twice-pinnately parted or divided. 2. P. Popei Torr. & Gray. Pubescent, but not glandular or viscid, erect and strict, very leafy: leaves interruptedly twice pinnately parted into small and short lobes: corolla-lobes entire, little surpassed by the stamens: sepals spatulate: pod globose.—High plains of western Texas. Wrongly referred to P. glandulosa in Synopt. Fl. ed. 1; and often confounded with P. Neo-Mexicana. 280 3. P congesta Hook. Pubescent and commonly cinereous: leaves pinnately 3 to 7-divided or parted, in the common form with comparatively few and broad lobes: stamens more or less exserted: sepals from linear to oblanceolate: pod ovoid.— Throughout Texas. Leaves very variable in the amount of dissection, passing from the common form as given above, through intermediate forms, to var. DIssECTA Gray, in which the leaves are more finely once or twice pinnately divided or parted into more numerous segments and lobes, with small interposed leaflets. ** Ovules and seeds 2 to 8 on each placenta: corolla rotate or campanulate, with no ap- pendages. + Ovules 2 to 4 on each placenta: slender and smoothish little annuals, 4, P. glabra Nutt. Glabrous except a few hirsute short hairs chiefly on the mar- gins of the leaves and calyx: corolla6 to 8mm. broad: calyx-lobes in fruitlittle longer than pod: otherwise as in the next.—Low prairies, Arkansas and eastern Texas. 5. P. parviflora Pursh. Sparsely hirsute or glabrate: radical and lowest cauline leaves lyrately pinnate, with 3 to 5 roundish leaflets or divisions, or sometimes simple and entire; upper mostly sessile and 3 to 9-parted or cleft into oblong or linear- lanceolate lobes: raceme loose: corolla 8 to 12 mm. broad: calyx-lobes in fruit nearly twice the length of the pod.—Shaded places, extending from the Atlantic region to Texas, and passing into var. HIRSUTA Gray, which is more hirsute, and with larger corolla (10 to 14mm. broad). ++ Ovules about 8 on each placenta: stouter plants, with less divided leaves. 6. P. patuliflora Gray. Rather softly cinereous-hirsute or pubescent, and inflores- cence somewhat glandular, erect or diffuse: leaves obovate or oblong; lowest lyrate- pinnatifid; upper commonly only pinnatifid-incised, sessile: racemes lax, at length elongated: pedicels spreading or nodding (especially in fruit), 8 to 14mm. or more long: corolla deep blue with yellow base, the lobes somewhat erose: pod thin-walled, (Eutoca patulifiora Eng. & Gray.)—Low prairies and thickets, along and near the coast. 7. P. strictiflora Gray. Shorter and stouter, more cinereous-hirsute: leaves rather more pinnatifid: racemes in fruit strict and mostly dense, with pedicels erect and not longer than the pod (6mm,): pod firm-coriaceous. (utoca strictiflora Eng. & Gray.)— Sandhills of eastern and central Texas. * * * Ovules and seeds 10 to 12 on each placenta: corolla almost rotate, with 10 transverse appendages in the throat remote from the stamens: seeds strongly corrugated trans- versely. 8. P. micrantha Torr. Slender low annual, minutely hirsute-glandular: leaves pinnately parted into 5 to 9 obovate or oblong very obtuse and mostly entire lobes; lower with margined petiole, upper with dilated and sometimes auriculate partly clasp- ing base: racemes geminate or panicled, very loose: corolla bright blue with yellow- ish tube, little exceeding the enlarging calyx-lobes, barely 4mm. broad when ex- panded.—Along the Rio Grande near E] Paso and westward. 3. NAMA L. Chiefly low herbs (some few woody-based), with funnelform or some- what salverform corolla (purple, bluish, or white), filiform filaments and ‘2 mostly distinct) styles (former commonly unequal and often unequally inserted), and membranaceous loculicidal pod with seeds borne on the valves. * Low annuals: flowers terminal or lateral, or in the forks of the stem. + Leaves decurrent on the stem. 1. N. Jamaicense L. Diffusely spreading or prostrate, soft-pubescent: leaves broadly obovate or spatulate, tapering into a petiole-like base which is continued 281 into wing-like margins of the stem: flowers mostly solitary, terminal and soon extra- axillary: corolla white.—Low grounds. ++ Leaves not decurrent. ++ Stem leaves all sessile, the upper by a more or less clasping base: villous-pubescent and somewhat viscid. 2. N. undulatum HBK. Erect, diffusely branched, at length procumbent, leafy: leaves oblong, the upper with broad sessile base, the lower spatulate: flowers com- monly subsessile: corolla somewhat longer than the sepals: pod oblong, more or less shorter than the sepals: seeds oval, smooth.—A Mexican species, collected near Bra- zos Santiago (Nealley), but mostly represented along the Rio Grande near its mouth by var. MACRANTHUM Chois., a looser and less leafy form, with flowers on pedicels (2 to 10mm. long), corolla almost twice as long, and pod only about half as long as sepals. 8. N. stenocarpum Gray. Like the former, or sometimes with narrower leaves: pedicels, ifany, short andrigidin fruit: styles united at base or even higher (occa- sionally 3): pod cylindrical, nearly linear (6 mm. long), nearly equaling the partly adherent sepals: seeds short, angled, strongly reticulated.—Near the mouth of the Rio Grande, westward through Mexico to southern California. ++ ++ Leaves not at all clasping, more or less tapering at base, at least the lower petioled. 4, N. hispidum Gray. Hispid or hirsute, repeatedly forked: leaves broadly or narrowly linear-spatulate, most of the cauline ones sessile: flowers lateral and soli- tary, or 8 to 5 in terminal unilateral clusters: sepals narrowly linear, very little if at all broadened upwards: corolla narrow-funnelform, mostly much longer than the calyx: pod narrowly oblong, 30 to 40-seeded: seeds smooth.—Plains and prairies throughout Texas. 5. N.dichotomum Ruiz & Pav. Erect, minutely pubescent, glandular: stem repeatedly forked and with a nearly sessile flower in each fork: leaves oval or oblong-lanceolate: sepals narrowly linear and slightly broadened upwards: corolla short-funnelform, hardly exceeding the calyx: pod oblong-oval: seeds coarsely pitted.—A Mexican species, collected near Corpus Christi and Roma (Nealley). Represented in extreme western Texas by the New Mexican var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM Gray, with narrow leaves (linear or nearly 80). " * Perennial, woody-stemmed at least at base. + Flowers solitary in the forks. 6. N. origanifolium HBK. Herbaceous from a woody base, or suffruticulose, low and small: leaves oblong or spatulate-obovate, sessile by a narrowed base or short-petioled, soft-pubescent: flowers short-peduncled : corolla 6 mm. long, sur- passing the calyx: seeds about 20, oblong, smooth.—Crevices of rocks, near the Rio Grande, from Roma (Nealley) to the Limpia and Guadalupe Mountains, and adjacent Mexico. + + Flowers cymulose: corolla 8 to 10 mm. long, salverform. q N.#Havardi Gray. Herbaceous from a woody base, 3 dn. or more high, more or less cinereous with soft pubescence: stem erect andstout: leaves oblong or upper- most lanceolate: flowers short-pediceled: filaments membranaceous-margined, toothless: seeds 16 or more, globular or short oval.—Southweste3n borders of Texas, ine k of Tornillo Creek (Havard). eee Gray. Suffruticose, 3 dm. high or less, rather stout, strigulose-cinereous or more loosely hirsute: stems very leafy throughout: leaves from narrowly linear to almost filiform : flowers densely cymulose at summit ne branches: margin of filaments on each side terminating above in a free enort tooth: seeds about 40, globular and angulate.—Southern and western borders of Texas. 2816—02 19 282 4. HYDROLEA L. Herbs or scarcely shrubby, growing in water or wet places, with en- tire leaves (often with axillary spines), clustered blue flowers, 5-parted calyx, short-campanulate or almost rotate 5-cleft corolla, filaments dilated at base, 2 distinct styles, globular 2-celled thin-walled pod with very large and fleshy many-seeded placente (septicidal or bursting irreg- ularly, leaving the seeds on the axis), and minute striate-ribbed seeds. 1. H. affinis Gray. More or less spiny, glabrous throughout: stems ascending: leaves lanceolate, somewhat petioled, 4 to 12.5 cm. long: flowers in small axillary leafy-bracted clusters: sepals ovate.—Extending into Texas from the Mississippi Valley States. 2. H. ovata Nutt. Spiny, minutely soft-pubescent and above slightly hirsute: stems 3 to 6 dm. high, paniculately branched above: leaves ovate or ovate-lanceo- late, 16 to 40 mm. long: flowers clustered at end of branches: sepals lanceolate, very villous-hirsute.—Margins of ponds, extending from Arkansas and western Lou- isiana through Texas to the tropics. BORAGINEH. (BORAGE FAmMILy.) Chiefly rough-hairy herbs, with alternate entire leaves, flowers mostly imitating a 1-sided spike or raceme, 5-parted calyx, regular 5-lobed corolla, 5 stamens inserted on its tube, a single style, and a usually deeply 4-lobed ovary forming in fruit 4 seed-like 1-seeded nutlets or separating into two 2-seeded or four 1-seeded nutlets. * Ovary undivided (or only laterally 4-lobed) and surmounted by the style. + Styles twice bifid: fruit drupaceons: trees or shrubs. 1, Cordia. Corolla funnelform or salverform: stigmas clavate or capitate. + + Styles once bifid or 2-parted: trees, shrubs, or low herbs. 2. Bhretia. Corolla from short-funnelform to rotate: fruit drupaceous: trees or shrubs. 3. Coldenia. Corolla short-funnelform or nearly salverform: fruit dry: herba- ceous or suffruticnlose. + + + Style entire (sometimes wanting): inflorescence more or less scorpioid. 4, Tournefortia. Fruit drupaceous: shrubs or woody twiners: otherwise as in no, 5. 5. Heliotropium. Corolla salverform: stamens included: fruit dry: low herbs or undershrubs. ** Ovary deeply 4-parted, forming as many separate 1-seeded nutlets in fruit; style rising from the center between them. + Nutlets armed, attached laterally: corolla short, closed by 5 scales. 6. Echinospermum. Nutlets erect or ascending, the margin or back armed with barbed prickles. + + Nutlets not armed, attached more or less laterally. 7. Krynitzkia. Corolla short, white, with closed throat: nutlets attached along the inner angle. + + + Nutlets not armed, attached by the very base, ovoid, mostly smooth and shining. 8. Myosotis. Corollashort salverform to funnelform, its lobes rounded, and throat crested. 283 9. Lithospermum. Corolla salverform to funnelform, its rounded lobes spread- tug, the throat either naked or with low crests. 10. Onosmodium. Corolla tubular, unappendaged, its erect lobes acute, 1. CORDIA Plumier, L. Trees or shrubs, with leaves sometimes dentate, tubular or campan- ulate calyx merely toothed or lobed, funnelform or salverform corolla with lobes and stamens sometimes more than 5, twice bifid style with clavate or capitate stigmas, and undivided ovary which becomes a 4-celled 4-seeded drupe. 1. C. Boissieri A. DC. Small tree, rarely 8 m. high: soft-tomentose: leavesoval or obloug-ovate: inflorescence open-cymose: corolla large (2.5 to 5 cm. long), fun- nelform, white with a yellow center, externally downy, the tube longer than the somewhat campanulate and striate calyx.—Valley of the Rio Grande and adjacent Mexico. Called “anacaluita” by the Mexicans,. by whom its various parts are much used medicinally. ‘The fruit is nearly 2.5 cm. long, with a pointed stone and pulpy sweet mesocarp.” 2. C.podocephala Torr. Woody only at base, 3 to 6 dm. high, minutely strigose- hirsute, scabrous: leaves varying from ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, coarsely serrate: peduncles filiform, 5 to 10 cm. long, bearing a small and very dense head of white or pale purple flowers: corolla broadly funnelform, its narrow tube (12 mm. or more long) hardly exceeding the short (not striate) calyx.—From the Lower Rio Grande to New Mexico and adjacent Mexico. 2. BHRETIA L. Trees or shrubs, with small white flowers in open cymes or panicles, 5-parted or 5-cleft calyx, short-funnelform to rotate corolla, (once) bifid or 2-parted style with stigmas more or less capitate, and a drupaceous fruit usually containing two 2-celled 2-seeded nutlets. 1. BH. elliptica DC. Tree 5 to 15 m. high: leaves oval or oblong, sometimes ser- rate, nearly glabrous or (with the branchlets and open cymes) minutely hirsute- pubescent and the upper fave very scabrous: calyx-lobes acuminate, as long as the campanulate corolla-tube: drupes yellow, globose, of the size of small peas.—In the region of the Lower Rio Grande (Corpus Christi to New Braunfels and southward). Known as “knackaway” and “anaqua.” 3. COLDENIA L. Low herbaceous or suffrutescent canescent or hispid plants, with small and mostly white flowers sessile and usually in clusters, 5-parted calyx with narrow divisions, short-funnelform or nearly salverform corolla seldom much exceeding the calyx, included stamens, 2-cleft or 2-parted style, entire or laterally 4-lobed 4-celled ovary, and dry fruit separating at maturity into four 1-seeded nutlets (or in one species by suppression 1-celled and 1-seeded). 1. CG. canescens DC. Prostrate or procumbent, with somewhat woody base, white-sericeous or tomentose: leaves 12 mm. long, ovate or oblong, entire, petioled: flowerssolitary or in small clusters at the axils or forks: calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate : dtaniens equally insertod: fruit depressed-globose, the 4 thick-walled nutlets with plane contiguous sides and smooth and rounded on the back,—Southern and western Texas. 284 2 C. Greggii Gray. Suffruticulose, 3 to 6 dm. high, tomentose-canescent: leaves 4t+o8mm.long, ovate or oval, short-petioled, almost veinless, entire, the margins revolute: flowers capitate-glomerate at summit of branches: calyx-lobes filiform from a broader base, elongated-plumose with long villous hairs: stamens equally or unequally inserted: ovary obscurely 4-lobed: fruit even, ovate-oblong, by abortion 1-celled and 1-seeded, the walls comparatively thin.—Rocky ravines, beyond the Pecos. The conspicuous and villous sepals give the flower-heads a strikingly plu- mose appearance. 8. C. hispidissima Gray. Su/ffruticulose, diffuse, soon procumbent, very setose- hispid, and with some minute cinereous pubescence: leaves fascicled, rigid, lanceolate, soon linear or acerose by strong revolution of the margins: the lower or primary ones petioled: flowers scattered: calyx-lobes linear, resembling the leaves: stamens unequally inserted: truit deeply 4-lobed, the mature nutlets rounded and only ven- trally united, rough-granulate.—Dry hills, western Texas. 4. TOURNEFORTIA L. Shrubby, with small white flowers in one-sided spikes, and a drupa- ceous fruit; otherwise like Heliotropium. 1. T. mollis Gray. Erect, 3 dm. or less high, canescently silky-tomentose: leaves deltoid or rhombic-ovate, obtuse, with undulate margins, rather long-petioled: flow- ers crowded in a pair of naked peduncled spikes: corolla-lobes broad, undulate or crenulate. (Heliophytum molle Torr. Mex. Bound.)—Arid plains of southwestern Texas, 5. HELIOTROPIUM Tourn. (TOURNSOLE. HELIOTROPE.) Herbs or low shrubby plants, with entire leaves, salverform or fun- nelform unappendaged corolla, nearly sessile anthers, short style with conical or capitate stigma, and 2 to 4-lobed fruit separating into 2 in- durated 2-celled and 2-seeded closed carpels or more commonly into four 1 -seeded nutlets. * Fruit didymous, the 2 carpels each splitting into two 1-seeded nutlets: style elongated: flowers scattered, large. 1. H. convolvulaceum Gray. Low annual, strigose-hirsute and hoary, much branched: leaves lanceolate, or ovate or even linear, short-petioled: flowers oppo- site the leaves and terminal: corolla 12 mm. broad, the strigose-hirsute tube about twice as long as the linear sepals.—Sandy plains of the north and extending to south- ern and western Texas. A showy plant with sweet-scented flowers. ** Fruit 4-lobed, separating into four 1-celled 1-seeded nutlets: style short. + Flowers in more or less bracteate spikes (which are little if at all scorpivid ) or scattered. 2. H. Greggii Torr. Diffusely spreading from a somewhat woody base, strigose- cinereous: slender branches leafy: leaves narrowly linear, flat, about 2.5 cm. long: flowers very fragrant, short-pediceled or nearly sessile in an at first crowded and short scorpioid spike, with or without bracts: calyx-lobes similar: corolla white, with au ample limb and naked and open throat: anther-tips minutely bearded, acu- minate.—Sandy soil, western borders of Texas. 3. H. angustifolium Torr. Erect and densely branched from a woody base, stri- gose-canescent: branches rigid, very leafy: leaves very narrowly linear, with revo- lute margins, almost filiform when dry, 8 to 18- mm.long: spike few-flowered, at length slender, nearly straight, with or without bracts at base: calyx-lobes similar: corolla white, salverform, with narrow canescent tube, very small limb, and open throat: anther-tips glabrous, mucronate.--Southwestern borders of Texas. 285 4, H. tenellum Torr. Erect from an annual root, strigose-canescent: leaves nar- rowly linear, with more or less revolute margins, about 2.5 cm. long: flowers seat- tered, terminal, becoming lateral and axillary, on rather slender peduncles, many of them bractless: calyx-lobes very unequal: corolla white, with canescent tube, small limb and open throat: anthor-tips nearly naked, blunt.—Open dry ground, through- out Texas. : 5. H. confertifolium Torr. Suffruticulose, very much branched and tufted, sil- very-white with a dense silky-hirsute pubescence: leaves crowded throughout and imbricated along the upper part of the branches, from narrowly oblong to linear, 4 to 6 mm. long. equally white both sides: flowers sessile among the leaves, mainly glomerate with thei at the ends of branches: calyx-lobes mostly unequal: corolla pale-purple, with silky hairy tube, and internal puberulent appendages: anthers cohering by minutely bearded tips. (H. limbatum, etc. Torr. Mex. Bound.)—South- ern and western Texas. + + Flowers in bractless one-sided scorpioid spikes, which are commonly in pairs or forked. 6. H. inundatum Swartz. Strigose-cinereous, 3 to 6 dm. high, branching from base: leaves spatulate-oblong, varying to oblanceolate, not fleshy: spikes 2 to 4 in a cluster, filiform, hirsute: flowers very small, barely 2 mm. long.—Southern and western Texas. 7. H. Curassavicum L. Glabrous throughout, diffusely spreading: leaves lance- linear or spatulate, succulent: spikes in pairs or twice forked: corolla with limb 6 mm. broad.—Chietly in saline soils, extending from the Atlantic region through Texas and southward. *** Fruit 2-lobed, separating into 2-celled 2-seeded carpels, with sometimes a pair of empty false cells: style very short: flowers in bractless scorpioid spikes. 8. H. parviflorum L. More or less pubescent, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, slender-petioled: spikes single or in pairs, filiform, 5 to 15 cm. long: flowers small and crowded, white, 2 mm. long: fruit commonly with no distinctempty cell. (Heliophytum parviflorum DC.)—South- ern borders of Texas. 9. H. glabriusculum Gray. Minutely and sparsely strigulose-pubescent, diffusely branching: leaves green and glabrous (except the midrib beneath), rather obtuse, short-petioled: spikes rather short, solitary or forking: corolla white with green eye, about 4 mm.long: fruit pubescent, commonly with 3 empty cells. (Heliophytum glabriusculum Torr.)—Southern and western borders of Texas. 6. ECHINOSPERMUM Lehm. (STICKSEED.) Rough-hairy and grayish herbs, with small blue to whitish flowers in racemes or spikes, short salverform corolla with throat closed by 5 short scales, included stamens, and triangular or compressed erect nutlets fixed laterally to the base of the style and with back armed all over or with 1 to 3 marginal rows of barbed prickles. 1. EB. Redowskii Lehm., var. occidentale Watson. Hispid erect annuals, 3 to 6 dm. high, at length diffuse: leaves linear, lanceolate, or the lower spatulate: racemes leafy-bracteate: calyx becoming foliaceous: nutlets irregularly and minutely sharp- tuberculate, the margins armed with a single row of stout flattened prickles some- times confluent at base.—Extending from the northern plains into Texas, where also occurs var. CUPULATUM Gray, with prickles of the nutlet broadened and thickened below and united into a wing or border which often hardens and enlarges, forming a oup with margin more or less incurved at maturity (sometimes only the tips of the prickles free) (H. strictum Torr. Mex. Bound., not Ledeb.) 286 7. KRYNITZEKIA Fisch. & Meyer. Usually hispid annuals or perennials, with small white flowers, 5-parted or deeply cleft calyx erect or little spreading in fruit, short corolla usually with more or less fornicate throat, and erect and straight unarmed nutlets attached to the gynobase (axis or receptacle) either at inner edge of base or ventrally from the base upward. * Nutlets ovate, with rounded back, attached next the base to the low and convex or depressed pyramidal gynobase: flowers racemose, white, mostly bracteate. 1. K. heliotropioides Gray. Softly strigose-hirsute and (at least when young) canescent: leaves linear, the lower mainly opposite: flowers scattered, on filiform pedicels much longer than the calyx, the lobes of which are oblong-linear: corolla with conspicuous crests in the throat: scar of nutlets large and sessile. (Hritrichium heliotropioides Torr. Mex. Bound. Antiphytum heliotropioides A. DC.)—On the Mexi- can side of the Rio Grande (San Carlos), but doubtless also in Texas. 2. K. floribunda Gray. Cinereous with fine and close and with a coarser nearly hispid pubescence: leaves perhaps all alternate, narrowly linear, upper gradually diminished to bracts: flowers very short-pediceled, in short panicled racemes or spikes: calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate: corolla not appendaged in the throat: scar of nutlets small and slightly stipitate. (Zritrichium floribundum Torr. Antiphytum floribundum Gray.)—Southwestern Texas, beyond the Pecos. * * Nutiets attached by ventral angle or groove from base up at least one-third or one-half or the whole length to an elevated gynobase, the back convex and not keeled, and sides wingless: corolla small and white, with tube not surpassing the calyx: flowers almost always sessile and scorpioid-spicate. + Nutlets either dissimilar or only one maturing, strictly inclosed in the rigid fructiferous calyx, the midribs of which are much thickened and indurated: diffusely branched and rough-hispid. 3. K. crassisepala Gray. Leaves oblanceolate and linear-spatulate: flowers short- pediceled, many or most of them bracteate: calyx-lobes greatly thickened below in fruit: nutlets dissimilar, 3 of them muricate and one larger and smooth or nearly so. (Lvitrichium crassisepalum Torr. & Gray.)—Plains of western Texas. 4, K. Texana Gray. Leaves obovate-oblong or spatulate, or the uppermost linear: flowers nearly sessile: spikes mostly leafless: calyx in fruit separating by an articu- lation: but one nutlet usually maturing, which is smooth or nearly so. (Lritrichium Tecanum A. DCU.)—From near Austin and westward, at least to Gillespie County Jermy). ( a0 ++ Nutlets all fertile and alike: midrib of calyx-lobes not thickened. 5. K. pusilla Gray. Low and slender, 5 to 7.5 em. high, rough-hispid: linear leaves mostly clustered at the root: flowers rather crowded in small spikes: crests in throat of corolla inconspicuous: nutlets attached at lower half, with strongly granulate rounded back bordered by acute angles and very smooth inner faces. (Eritrichiwm pusillum Torr. & Gray.)—Northwestern borders of Texas. 6. K. ramosa Gray. Larger and stouter, roughish-hispid, even the loose panicu- late spikes mostly leafy: leaves linear: flowers rather scattered: crests in throat of corolla rather conspicuous: nutlets attached at lower half, coarsely granulate round to the deeply excavated scar and without lateralanvles. (Hritrichium ramosum A. DC. LE. hispidum Buckley.)—Plains and sandy banks of western Texas. Calyx closed at maturity and deciduous with the inclosed fruit, like a bur. 7. K. micrantha Gray. Slender, 5 to 12.5 cm. high, hirsute-canescent: leaves linear, only 4 to 8mm. long: flowers in the forks, and much crowded in short leafy spikes: corolla barely 2 mm. high, obscurely appendaged at throat: nutlets at- tached for their whole length, smooth or minutely papillose, and with roundish mar- gins. (Lritrichium micranthum Torr.)—Dry plains, western border of Texas. 287 “* * Nutlets all four or all but one scarious-winged at the margins, attached for their whole length: spikes bractless. 8. K. pterocarya Gray. Slender, loosely branching, hirsute: loaves linear, or lowest spatulate, often hispid: inflorescence at first cymose-glomerate, usually de- veloping a pair of short spikes: calyx-lobes erect: corolla very small: nutlets rongh on the rounded back, one commonly wingless and rounded on the sides, the others with lateral angles extended into a broad radiately striate wing with toothed or crenulate margins. (ritrichium pterocaryum Torr.)—Western borders of Texas. ** * * Nutlets acutely triangular, wingless, attached for most of their length to a subu- late gynobase. 7 9. K.JamesiiGray. Rather stout, branched from a woody base, canescently silky- tomentose, becoming strigose-hirsute or even hispid in age: leaves oblanceolate or upper-linear: spikes panicled or crowded, bracteate: corolla with prominent crests at throat: fruiting calyx neatly closing over the depressed-globular fruit, which consists of 4 closely-fitting very smooth and shining nutlets (which are almost exact quarters of asphere). (Eritrichium Jamesii Torr.)—Plains and sandy shores, western borders of Texas. 8. MYOSOTIS L. (FoRGET-ME-NOT. SCORPION-GRASS.) Low and mostly soft-hairy herbs, with entire leaves, small flowers in naked racemes, salverform corolla with tube about as long as the 5- toothed or 5-cleft calyx and throat with 5 small and blunt arching ap- pendages opposite the rounded lobes, included stamens on very short filaments, and smooth compressed nutlets fixed at base. 1. M. verna Nutt. Bristly-hirsute, branched from base, erect: leaves obtuse, linear-oblong, or lower spatulate-oblong: racemes leafy at base: corolla very small, white: pedicels in fruit erect and appressed at the base, rather shorter than the deeply 5-cleft unequal very hispid calyx.—Dry ground, extending from the Atlantic region into Texas, where also occurs var. MACROSPERMA Chapm., which is taller, with more spreading pedicels, larger flowers, and larger nutlets. 9. LITHOSPERMUM Tourn. (GROMWELL. PUCCOON.) Herbs, with thickish and commonly red roots, sessile leaves, solitary (as if axillary) or spiked and leafy-bracted flowers, funnelform or salverform corolla with throat (in ours) with more or less evident ap- pendages, almost sessile included anthers, and ovate smooth or rough- ened mostly bony or stony nutlets fixed by the base. * Nuilets brownish and uneven, coarsely pitted (at length shining) : corolla white or whitish, little longer than calyzx. 1. L. Matamorense DC. Hirsute or hispid: stems much branched from base, diffusely spreading, slender: leaves oblong, very obtuse: pedicels very short: corolla 4 mm. long.—Plains and river-banks of southern Texas. * * Nutlets white, smooth and shining: corolla large, salverform or nearly so, yellow, somewhat pubescent, the tube much exceeding the calyx. «= Corolla-tube half to twice longer than calyx, with appendages little if at all projecting : lobes entire. Minutely strigose-hispid: leaves linear or linear-lance- short-pedi latter spicate: corolla light yellow, : flowers numerous short-pediceled, the p ght y ‘ ae 10 to 12 mm. long, with very short rounded lobes and tube fully twice the length of the calyx, sparingly bearded at base inside.—Western Texas. 2. G. multiflorum Torr. 288 3. L. Cobrense Grecne. Many-stemmed from a tap-root and a rosulate tuft of cadical leaves, canescently strigulose or appressed-hirsute, and the spatulate lower leaves hispid; cauline leaves linear, obtuse, short: corolla orange-yellow, 12 mm. high, with ample equally broad limb, and naked at base within.—Western borders of Texas. Wrongly referred to L. canescens. 4, L. hirtum Lebm. Hispid with bristly hairs: stem-leaves lanceolate or linear, those of flowering branches ovate-oblong, bristly ciliate: flowers distinctly pedun- cled, crowded, showy: corolla orange-yellow, woolly-bearded at base inside, limb 16 to 24 mm. broad.—Extending from the Atlantic region through Texas. +"+ Corolla-tube 2 to 4 times the length of the calyx, with appendages conspicuous and arching; lobes erose-toothed: later flowers small, cleistogamous, 5. L. angustifolium Michx. Erect or diffusely branched from the base, minutely rough-strigose and hoary: leaves linear: flowers pediceled, leafy-bracted, of two sorts; earlier large and showy, bright yellow; the later and those of more diffusely branching plants with inconspicuous or small and pale corollas, without crests,— Dry and sterile or sandy soil, extending from the Atlantic region through Texas and westward. L. longiflorum Spreng. is the long-flowered form; and L. breviflorum Eng. & Gray Pl. Lindh. the short-flowered. 10. ONOSMODIUM Michx. (FaLsE GROMWELL.) Coarse and hispid chiefly perennial herbs, with oblong and sessile ribbed-veined leaves, flowers (white, greenish, or yellowish) inat length elongated and erect leafy raceme-like clusters, 5-parted calyx with linear erect divisions, tubular or tubular-funnelform not crested corolla with 5 acute converging or barely spreading lobes, oblong-linear or arrow- shaped mucronate anthers inserted inthe throat, filiform much exserted style, and bony ovoid smooth erect nutlets fixed by the base. 1. O. Bejariense DC. Hispid with spreading bristles: stem rather stout, 3 to 9 dm. high: leaves oblong-lanceolate, lower obtuse, upper acutish; upper surface ap- pressed strigose-hispid, lower more or less canescent with fine soft pubescence: flow- ers short-pediceled: corolla 12 to 18 mm. long, white; the lobes minutely pubescent outside and with some long hirsute hairs, about one-fourth the length of the tube, (0. Carolinianum Torr. Mex. Bound., not DC.)—Border of thickets, nearly through- out Texas. 2. O. Carolinianum DC. Shaggy all over with long and spreading bristly hairs: stem stout, upright, 6 to 12 dm. high: leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, generally hairy both sides: flowers nearly sessile: corolla 8 to 10 mm. long, yellowish-white; the lobes thickly hirsute outside.—Alluvial grounds, extending from the Atlantic region to western Texas, along with var. MOLLE Gray, with shorter and less spreading or appressed pubescence, mostly smaller leaves (5 cm. long) when young softly strigose-canescent beneath. (0. molle Michx.) CONVOLVULACER. (CONVOLVULUS FAMILY.) Chiefly twining or trailing herbs, with alternate leaves (or scales) and regular 5-androus tlowers, 5-plaited or 5-lobed corolla, 2 (rarely 3)- celled ovary (in one tribe 2 separate pistils) with a pair of erect ovules in each cell (cells sometimes doubled by false partitions), and fruit a glob- ular 2 to 6-seeded pod. *Carpels 2 or 4, distinct or nearly so: styles 2, basilar: creeping herbs. 1. Dichondra. Corolla deeply 5-cleft: pistils two, 4-yeeded, 289 ** Ovary entire: leafy plants, mostly twiners. + Corolla plicate at sinuses and the plaits convolute. 2. Ipomeea. Style undivided, with stigma capitate or 2 or 3-globose. 3. Jacquemontia. Style undivided; with 2 ovate or oblong thick but somewhat flattened stigmas. 4, Convolvulus. Style undivided or 2-cleft only at apex; stigmas 2, linear-fili- form to subulate or ovate, when broad sometimes flattish. 5. Breweria. Style 2-cleft or 2-parted; divisions simple; stigmas capitate. 6. Evolvulus. Styles 2, each 2-cleft; stigmas linear-filiform: not twining. + + Corolla not plicate, but 5-cleft. 7. Cressa. Styles 2, distinct, entire; stigmas capitate: not twining. *** Ovary entire: leafless parasitic twining herbs, never green, 8. Cuscuta. The only genus. 1. DICHONDRA Forst. Small and creeping pubescent perennial herbs, with kidney-shaped entire leaves, axillary bractless peduncles bearing a small yellowish or white flower, 5-parted calyx, broadly bell-shaped 5-cleft corolla, included stamens, and 2 distinct styles, ovaries, and utricular 1 or 2-seeded pods. 1. D. repens Forst. Soft-pubescent or slightly sericeous, but green or greenish: leaves mostly with deep sinus: corolla-lobes nearly glabrous.—Wet ground, near the coast and throughout southern Texas. 2. D. argentea Willd. Canescently sericeous and silvery: leaves mostly with shallow sinus or even truncate: corolla lobes villous outside.—Southern and western borders of Texas. 2. IPOMGiA L. (MORNING GLORY.) Mainly twining herbs (some prostrate, diffuse, or even erect), with calyx not bracteate at base (but outer sepals commonly larger), salver- form or funnelform to nearly campanulate corolla with entire or slightly lobed limb, undivided style terminated by a single capitate or 2 or 3- globose stigma, and a globular 4 to 6-seeded 2 to 4-valved pod. * Corolla salverform, or with somewhat funnelform but narrow tube: stamens and style exserted : flowers red. 1. I. coccinea L. Rather tall-climbing: leaves cordate, acuminate, entire or angled: sepals awn-pointed: corolla light scarlet, 2.5 cm. long. (Quamoclit coccinea Meench.)—River banks, etc, naturalized in Middle and Southern Atlantic States; probably indigenous in western borders of Texas and westward. In western Texas there also occurs var. HEDERIFOLIA Gray, with leaves from angulate to 3-lobed or even 3-parted, or sometimes pedately 5-parted. ** Corolla funnelform or nearly campanulate : stamens and style not exserted. + Lobes of stigma and cells 3: sepais long and narrow, attenuate upward, mostly hirsute below: corolla purple, blue, and white. 2. I. Mexicana Gray. Root annual: leaves deeply 3-lobed and deeply cordate; lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, middle one broadest (sometimes narrowed) at base: peduncles 1 to 7.5 cm. long, 1 to 3-flowered: fruiting pedicels as long as calyx : sepals lanceolate, 12 mm. long: corolla violet-purple, 2.5 om. long.—In the mountains west of the Pecos. 290 I, purpurea Lam. Root annual: lea\cs cordate, entire: peduncles 5 te 12.5 cm. long, 1 to 5-flowered: wnubellate pedicels twice as long as calyx, usually refracted in fruit: sepals lanceolate, 12 nm. long: corolla violet, purple, or pink, varying to white and diversely variegated, about 5 cm. long.—The common and widely cul- tivated morning glory, naturalized in the Atlantic States, probably native in southern California, and reported from Texas by Berlandier and Jermy (Gillespie County). 4, I. Lindheimeri Gray. Root perennial: leaves deeply 5-cleft or 5-parted, all or the 3 interior lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate with a much contracted base, the con- tracted portion often half the length of the dilated lobe: peduncle 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 1 or 2-flowered: pedicels 6 to 12 mm. long: sepals lanceolate-linear, fully 2.5 em. long. (J. heterophylla Torr. Mex. Bound., not Ortega. )—Rocky soil, southern and western Texas. ++ Stigma 2-lobed or entire: cells 2, each 2-seeded : sepals broader. ++ Creeping (not twining) perennials, glabrous or nearly so: flowers rather large. 5. I. Pes-caprze Sweet. Herbage succulent: leaves orbicular, mostly emarginate at both ends, 2-glandular at base, pinnately many-veined, 5 to 7.5 cm. long: sepals oval obtuse: corolla purple: mature pod 2-celled: seeds rusty-pubescent.—Drifting sands of the coast. 6. I. carnosa R. Br. Stem slender, extensively creeping: leaves slightly succu- lent, exceedingly various; earlier oblong or subcordate or emarginate at both ends, either entire or fiddle-shaped ‘or 3-lobed; the others sometimes linear, sometimes deeply 3 to 5-lobed or parted and lobes narrowed at base: peduncles 1-flowered: sepals mucronate or acuminate: corolla white with yellowish throat: pod 4-celled: seeds densely villouswoolly. (JI. acetosefolia R. & 8.)—Sandy seacoast. ++ ++ Twining (or at first trailing), but not creeping : leaves cordate or sagittate, or with divisions broader than linear. == Perennials with immense roots : leaves cordate, enlire or some 3 to 5-lobed: peduncles 1 to several-flowered : sepals oblong or ovate, obtuse or merely mucronate, over 12 mm. long: corolla over 5 em. long. 7. I. Jalapa Pursh. Freely twining from anapiform or thick fusiform root (some- times weighing 40 or 50 pounds), tomentulose-pubescent, at least the lower surface of the shallow-cordate plicate-veiny repand or lobed leaves: corolla 7.5 to 10 em. long, white or light pink-purple; the narrow tube deep purple: ovary imperfectly 4-celled: seeds densely clothed with long villous wool.—A species of the Gulf States, in sandy soil along the coast, reported from southern Texas (Havard). 8. I. pandurata Meyer. Glabrous or nearly so, trailing or twining from a very longand large root (at length weighing 10 to 20 pounds): leaves usually cordate and entire, or some of the later angulate or fiddleform-cordate, occasionally hastate- 3-lobed: corolla 5 to 7.5 cm. long, white with a dark-purple throat: ovary only 2-celled: seeds woolly on the angles.—Dry ground, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas. = = Perennial with thick root: leaves all sagittate : peduncle mostly 1-flowered : sepals as in preceding, but barely 12 mm. long: corolla proportionally very large. 9. I. sagittata Cav. Glabrous: leaves deeply sagittate, otherwise entire; some with linear-lanceolate lobes; some larger and broader, with ovate-lanceolate outline and oblong obtuse basal lobes: corolla pink-purple, 5 to 7.5 em. long.—Salt marshes on the coast, and in saline localities through southern Texas and west of the Pecos. === Perennials with roots not very large, or annuals : corolla 8.6 em. long or smaller. a. Calyx almost 25 mm. long, large for size of corolla. 10. I. sinuata Ortega. Root perennial: stem and petioles hirsute with long spreading hairs: leaves nearly or quite glabrous, 7-parted; the divisions lanceolate or narrowly oblong, sinuately and laciniately pinnatifid or incised: calyx equaling throat of 291 corolla, which is white with purplo eye: seeds glabrous.—Near the coast and throughout southeastern Texas (Lower Rio Grande region), b. Calyx in fruit over 12 mm. long, setose-hispid. 11. I. barbatisepala Gray. Apparently annual, glabrous except calyx: leaves pedately 5 to 7-parted; the divisions lanccolate with narrowed base: peduncles 1 or 2-flowered: sepals attenuate-linear, in fruit 14 to 16 mm. long, a third longer than the 2-celled 4-seeded pod: seeds glabrous or minutely scurfy.—Western borders of Texas; mountain declivity near El Paso ( Wright). c. Calyx 10 mm. long, completely glabrous : root perennial. 12. I. trifida Don., var. Torreyana Gray. Nearly glabrous throughout, freely twin- ing: leaves cordate (about 5 cm. long); some entire or merely angulate; most 3-cleft, with ovate lobes, the lateral externally rounded: peduncles longer than leaves, 3 to 10-flowered: sepals mucronate-acuminate, 10 mm. long: corolla pink or lilac-purple, over 2.5 cm. long: pod simply 2-celled: seeds glabrous and very smooth. (J. coni- mutata Torr. Mex. Bound., not Rem. & Sch.)—Southern and western Texas. At Bejar Berlandier collected var. BurLanpiERI Gray, which is perhaps a depauperate form, with smaller deeper cleft leaves (some almost 3-parted), the middle lobe lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate and longer (giving a somewhat hastate outline), lateral divisious often 2-lobed or 2 or 3-cleft; peduncles only 2.5 em. long. a. Calyx 6 to 12 mm. long, pilose or at least ciliate with some long and soft hairs rising from the more rigid base: seeds glabrous: stems twining: root annual. 13. I. trichocarpa Ell. Hirsute-pubescent or glabrate: leaves cordate, some en- tire, some strongly 3-lobed with middle lobe ovate-lanceolate and acuminate; lat- eral usually shorter and broader, sometimes again 2-lobed: peduncles 3.5 to 7.5 cm, long, 1 to 3-flowered: corolla 2.5 cm. or more long, purple or pink: pod sparsely pilose or glabrate. (I. commutata Roem. & Sch.)—Dry or low grounds, extending from the Gulf States to Texas, at least as fur west as Gillespie County (Jermy). 14. L lacunosa L. Slightly pubescent or hirsute, or nearly glabrous: leaves as the preceding or less lobed, more commonly ovate-cordate and entire, conspicuously acuminate: peduncles shorter: pod more pilose.—River banks and low grounds, extending trom the Atlantic States into Texas. e. Calyx only 4mm. long, naked and glabrous: herbage glabrous throughout. 15. I. Wrightii Gray. Leaves all digitately divided into 5 narrowly lanceolate entire leaflets (all 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, or the lateral shorter): peduncles 1-flowered, not exceeding petiole: sepals very obtuse: corolla pink or purple, 12mm. long: pod 8 mm. long: seeds globular, minutely and densely puberulent.—Probably from south- ern Texas (Wright). 16. I. cardiophylla Gray. Leaves broadly cordate and with basal lobes some- what incurved, entire, acuminate: peduncles mostly 1-flowered and shorter than petiole: sepals acute, thickish but scarious-mariued, more or less muricate-glandu- lar on the back: corolla purple, 18 mm. long: pod12 mm. long: seeds oval, brownish- puberulent.—Western borders of Texas, in mountains near El Paso (Wright). as av ae Stems erect or diffuse, feebly if at all twining, never creeping or even prostrate: leaves or their divisions all linear or narrower and entire. 17. I. leptophylla Torr. Very glabrous 7 stems erect or ascending (6 to 12 dm. high), from an immense perennial root (weighing from 10 to 100 pounds): leaves linear, entire, 5 to 10cm. long, 4 to6mm. wide, short-petioled, acute: peduncles short, 1 or 2-flowered: calyx 6 to 8mm. long; sepals broadly ovate, very obtuse, outer ones shorter: corolla pink-purple, about 7.5 cm. long: pod 2.5 cm. long: seeds rusty- pubescent.—Plains of northern and western Texas. 18. I. costellata Torr. Erect and diffuse, at length procumbent or slightly twin- ing, glabrous or minutely hirsute: leaves petiolate, pedately 7 to 9-parted into linear 292 or somewhat spatulate (or upper filiform) divisions of somewhat equal length: peduncles surpassing the leaf, 1 to 3-flowered: sepals acute, glabrous, somewhat keeled, outer ones salient and often undulate-cristate or tuberculate: corolla pink- purple or paler, 8 to 10 mm. long, with 5 short mucronate-pointed lobes: pod as long as calyx: seeds minutely puberulent.—Southern and western Texas. ++ ++4+ + Stems slender, freely twining: leaves pedately parted into filiform divisions, 19. I. tenuiloba Torr. Glabrous: leaf-divisions 5 or 7, much longer but hardly broader than petiole: peduncle stouter and longer than petiole, 1-flowered: calyx- lobes oblong, mucronate-acuminate: corolla pink-purple, 5 to 7.5 em. long.—‘ Hills near Puerto de Paysano, western Texas (Bigelow).” Two new species of Ipom@a, described from Nealley’s collections in Contrib. Nat. Herb. 1. 45, are disposed of as follows: I. NEALLEYI was described from specimens of the Ipomma-like Antirrhinum maurandioides Gray. I. Texana, taken to be an indigenous Ipomea, proves to be an escape from culti- vation, and is the Brazilian J. fistulosa Mart. 3. JACQUEMONTIA Choisy. Mostly with aspect of Convolvulus, with undivided style, and 2 ovate or oblong thick but somewhat flattened stigmas: otherwise as Ipomea and Convolvulus, and intermediate between the two. 1. J. tamnifolia Griseb. Erect or at length twining, fulvous hirsute: leaves cor- date and ovate, long-petioled, pinnately veiny: peduncles elongated, capitately many-flowered: glomerate cluster involucrate with foliaceous bracts: sepals subu- late-linear, ferrugineous-hirsute, 10 mm. long, nearly equaling the violet corolla.— Extending from the Gulf States through Texas to tropical America. 4. CONVOLVULUS Tourn. (BINDWEED.) Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants (twining, erect, or prostrate), with funnelform to campanulate corolla, included stamens, style undivided or 2-cleft only at apex, 2 linear-filiform to subulate or ovate stigmas, and globose 2-celled pod (or imperfectly 4-cclled by spurious partitions, or by abortion 1-celled). * Stigmas oval to oblong: calyx inctlosed in 2 broad leafy bracts. 1. C. sepium L., var. repens Gray. More or less pubescent: freely twining, but sterile and sometimes flowering stems extensively prostrate: leaves more r arrowly sagittate or cordate than in type, the basal lobes commonly obtuse or rounded and entire: bracts commonly acute: corolla white or tinged with rose-color, 3.5 to 5 cm. long. (Calystegia sepium, var. pubescens Gray.)—On banks and shores, from Atlantic States through Texas to New Mexico. ** Stigmas filiform or narrowly linear: no bracts at or near the base of the calyx. _2. C, hermannioides Gray. Sericeous-tomentulose: stems 9 to 15 dm. long, mainly procumbent: leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with sagittate or narrowly cordate base, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, repand or sinuate-dentate (sometimes obsoletely so), rather short-petioled: peduncles 1 or 2-flowered, rather longer than leaves: sepals about 12 mm. long: corolla white, 2.5 mm. long, the border merely angulate.—Dry prairies of central and southern Texas. 3. C. incanus Vahl. Cinereous or canescent with a short close silky pubescence: stems filiform, 3 to 9 dm. long, mainly procumbent: leaves polymorphous; some simply lanceolate or linear-sagittate or hastate (2.5 to 5 cm. long and 4 to 6 mm. 293 wide, entire, and with basal lobes entire or toothed) ; some pedate, having narrowly 2 or 3-cleft lateral lobes or divisions; some more coarsely 3 to 5-parted, with lobes entire or coarsely sinuate-dentate; some early ones ovate or oblong-cordate and merely sinuate-dentate: peduncles 1 or 2-flowered, as long as the leaf: sepals 6 mm. long: corolla white or tinged with rose, 12 mm. long, the angles salient-acuminate. (C. lobatus Eng. & Gray Pl. Lindh.)—Dry prairies and hills, througnout Texas. 5. BREWBERIA R. Br. Perennial prostrate or diffusely spreading herbs, with small flowers more or less hairy or silky outside, 2 or rarely 3 simple and distinct styles (or united into one below), and depressed-capitate stigmas: other- wise as Convolvulus and Hvolvulus. 1. B. ovalifolia Gray. Sericeous-canescent: leaves ovate or oval, mostly subcor- date, 2.5 om. long: peduncles very short, 1-flowered: style 2-cleft above the middle: pod globose, 12 mm. in diameter, about as long as the broadly ovate sepals, by abor- tion l-seeded. (Hvolvulus? ovalifolius Torr. Mex. Bound.)—Southwestern borders of Texas. Corolla not seen. 2. B. Pickeringii Gray. Soft-pubescent or smoothish: leaves very narrowly lin- ear or the lowest linear-spatulate, tapering to the base, nearly sessile: peduncles elongated, 1 to 3-flowered: bracts foliaceous and exceeding the flowers: sepals hairy: filaments and styles (united far above the middle) exserted from the open white corolla. (Bonamia Pickeringii Gray.)—Dry prairies, extending from Louisiana into Texas, but with unknown western limit. 6. EVOLVULUS L. Low and small usually diffuse herbs or suffrutescent plants, with 5 sepals naked at base, open funnelform or almost rotate corolla, 2 styles each 2-cleft, obtuse stigmas, and 2-celled 4-seeded pod. * Peduncles filiform, 1 to 3-flowered, mostly longer than the leaves. 1. B. alsinoides L. Villous or hirsute: stems slender, diffuse or decumbent, 3 to 6 dm. long: leaves from oval or oblong to lanceolate, somewhat petioled: pedicels at length nodding or refracted on the peduncle: corolla about 6 mm. broad.—Southern Texas. ** Peduncles or rather pedicels bibracteolate at base, solitary, and 1-flowered, short, usually very short. 2. BH. sericeus Swartz. Sericeous excepting the glabrous upper leaf-surface: stems slender or filiform: leaves subsessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 12 to 20 mm. long, erect or ascending, mucronate-acuminate or acute: silky pubescence fine and close-pressed, sometimes short, whitish or fulvous: sepals ovate-lanceolate: corolla white or pale-blue, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. (Z. holosericeus Torr. Mex. Bound. in part.)—Throughout Texas, especially in the southern part. Nealley’s specimens from near Pena show flowers 10 to 12 mm. in diameter. 3. E. argenteus Pursh. Many-stemmed from-a somewhat woody base, dwarf, silky-villousall over: leaves crowded, broadly lanceolate, sessile, or the lower oblong- spatulate and short-petioled, about 12 mm. long: flowers almost sessile in the axils: corolla purple, 6 mm. broad.—Extending from the northern plains and prairies through Texas to Mexico. 7. CRESSA L. A low canescent or silky-villous erect or diffuse perennial, with entire leaves, 5 nearly equal sepals, oblong-campanulate corolla-tube and limb 294 5-parted into oblong-ovate lobes, filiform exserted filaments, and 2-celled 4-ovuled ovary often becoming by abortion a 1-seeded pod. 1. C. Cretica L., var. Truxillensis Choisy. Much branched from a woody base, very leafy: leaves from oblong-ovate to lanceolate, sessile, 4 to 8 mm. or more long: flowers subsessile or short-pediceled in the upper axils, or the upper crowded as if in a leafy-bracteate spike: corolla white, 4 to 6 mm. long: pod 4 to 6 mm. long.—On or near the seashore or in saline soil, southern Texas. 8. CUSCUTA Tourn. (DODDER.) Leafless annual parasitic herbs, with thread-like yellowish or reddish stems bearing a few minute scales in place of leaves and twining on herbs or shrubs to which they adhere by means of suckers, small cymose-clustered mostly white flowers, calyx 5 (rarely 4)-cleft or of 5 sepals, globular-urn-shaped (or bell-shaped or short-tubular) corolla with 5 or 4-cleft spreading border, stamens with a scale-like often fringed appendage at base, 2-celled 4-ovuled ovary with distinct (rarely united) styles, and mostly 4-seeded pod.—In ours the stigmas are capi- tate. * Styles distinct, more or less wnequal. + Capsule indehiscent. ++ Calyx gamosepalous. = Ovary and pod depressed-globose. a. Flowers in dense or globular clusters : styles mostly shorter than the ovary. 1. C. obtusiflora HBK., var. glandulosa Engelm. Stems orange-colored, coarse: flowers 2 to 2.5 mm. long, all parts dotted: lobes of calyx and corolla rounded, as long as tube: scales large, equaling or exceeding the tube, deeply fringed.—Wet places, extending from Gulf States into Texas. On Polygonum, etc. 2. C. arvensis Beyrich. Stems pale and slender, low: flowers smaller, scarcely 2 mm. long: calyx-lobes obtuse, mostly very broad: those of corolla acuminate, longer than tube, with inflexed points: scales large, deeply fringed.—Rather dry soil, on various low plants, throughout Texas. b. Flowers in paniculate often compound cymes: styles slender, mostly longer than the ovary. 3. C. tenuiflora Engelm. Stems coarse and yellow: flowers (2mm. or less long) on short thick pedicels, often 4-merous: lobes of calyx and corolla oblong, obtuse; lat- ter mostly shorter than the slender deeply campanulate tube: scales shorter than tube, fringed: marcescent corolla capping the large pod.—On tall herbs or shrubs, in wet places, extending from the Northern States into Texas. == Ovary and pod pointed ; the latter enveloped or capped by the marcescent corolla. a. Acute tips of corolla lobes inflexed or corniculate. 4, C. decora Choisy. Stems coarse: flowers fleshy and more or less papillose: calyx-lobes triangular, acute: those of the broadly campanulate corolla ovate-lan- ceolate, minutely crenulate, spreading: scales large, deeply fringed: pod enveloped by remains of corolla: seeds usually 4.—Throughout the United States. Also ex- tending from the north, in wet prairies, on herbs and low shrubs, principally Legu- minosew and Composite, is var. PULCHERRIMA Engelm., the larger form, with coarscr stems, conspicuous flowers 3 to 5 mm. long and wide, and anthers and stigmas yel- low or deep purple. Confined to Texas is var, INDECORA Engeln., with lower more slender stems, smaller flowers in looser paniculate clusters and often warty or papil- lose-hispid. 295 b. Obtuse lobes of corolla spreading. 5. C. Gronovii Willd. Stems coarse, often climbing high: corolla-lobes mostly shorter than the deeply campanulate tube: scales copiously fringed: pod globose, umbonate.—The most common Atlantic species, and extending into Texas. In Louisiana and Texas occurs var. CALYPTRATA Engelm., distinguished by the corolla eventually capping the pod. ++ ++ Calyx of 5 distinct and largely overlapping sepals, surrounded by 2.to 5 or more simi- lar bracts : scales of corolla large and deeply fringed: pod mostly 1-seeded, capped by marcescent corolla. = Flowers on bracteolate pedicels, in loose panicles. 6. C. cuspidata Engelm. Stems slender: flowers 3 to 4.5mm. long, thin, mem- pbranaceous when dry: bracts and sepals ovate-orbicular and oblong: lobes of corolla cuspidate or mucronate, rarely obtuse, shorter than the cylindrical tube: styles many times longer than ovary, at length exserted.—Wet or dry prairies, throughout Texas and northward. On Ambrosia, Iva. some Leguminose, etc. = = Flowers closely sessile in densely compact clusters. a. Bracts and sepals concave and appressed. 7. C. squamata Engelm. Orange-colored stems slender: glomerules few-flowered, often contiguous: flowers white, membranaceous when dry, 5 to 6 mm. long: cuspi- date or obtuse sepals and lanceolate acute corolla-lobes both shorter than the cylin- drical upwardly widening tube: styles many times longer. than ovary.—Western Texas. Common in bottom lands of Upper Rio Grande. 8. C. compacta Juss. Stems coarse: flowers (about 4 mm. long) at length in con- tinuous and often very thick clusters: orbicular bracts and sepals crenulate, nearly equaling or shorter’ (and ovate-oblong lobes much shorter) than the cylindrical corolla-tube: styles little longer than ovary.—In damp woods, extending from the Atlantic region to Texas. Almost always on shrubs. b. Bracts (8 to 15) and sepals with recurved-spreading and crenate tips. 9. C. glomerata Choisy. Stems coarse, orange-colored, soon withering away, jeaving dense flower-clusters closely encircling in rope-like masses the stems of the host: sepals nearly equaling and its oblong obtuse lobes much shorter than the cylindrical upwardly widening corolla-tube: styles several times longer than ovary.— Wet prairies, extending from the north into Texas. Mostly on Helianthus, Vernonia, and other tall Composite. + + Capsule more or less regularly circumscissile, usually capped by remains of corolla : styles capillary and mostly much longer than the depressed ovary. 10. C.leptantha Engelm. Stems low and capillary: flowers (4 to 4.5 mm. long) 4-merous, on slender fascicled pvdicels: papillose calyx and lanceolate corolla-lobes much shorter than the slender tube: scales incisely dentate and much shorter than tube.—Mountains of western Texas, on a prostrate Zuphorbia ( Wright). 11. C. umbellata HBK. Stoms low and capillary: flowers (3 to 5 mm. long) few together in umbel-like clusters, shorter than their pedicels: acute calyx-lobes and lanceolate-subulate corolla-lobes larger than its shallow tube, the latter soon sharply reflexed: scales deeply fringed and exceeding the tube: styles mostly little longer than ovary. (C. Californica, var. reflexa Coulter.)—Dry places, southern Texas. On low herbs. oak : ee ** Styles united into one: capsule cireumscissile. 12. C. exaltata Engelm. Stems thick, climbing high: lobes of fleshy calyx and corolla orbicular, the former covering «nd the latter half the length of the corolla- tube: anthérs sessile: scales small, bifid or reduced to a few lateral teeth: styles two-thirds united.—Southern Texas, from the Colorado to the Rio Grande, On trees. such as Diospyros Texana, Ulmus crassifolia, Live Oak, ete, 296 SOLANACER. (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY.) Herbs (rarely shrubs), with alternate leaves, regular 5-merous and 5-androus flowers on bractless pedicels, imbricate and mostly plaited corolla, mostly equal stamens inserted on the corolla, single style and stigma, and a 2 (rarely 3 to 5) celled many-seeded pod or berry with pla- cente in the axis often projecting far into the cells. * Stamens (normally 5) all perfect: fruit a berry or at least indehiscent, sometimes nearly dry: seeds flattened: limb of corolla plicate or valvate (usually both). + Anthers longer than filaments, connivent or connate into a cone or cylinder: corolla rotate: calyx unchanged in fruit. 1. Lycopersicum. Anthers connate into a pointed cone: the cells dehiscent lon- gitudinally within. 2. Solanum. Anthers connivent or lightly connate; the cells opening at apex by pore or short slit (sometimes also longitudinally dehiscent). + Anthersunconnected, mostly shorter than filaments, destitute of terminal pores, longitudinally dehiscent. ++ Calyx not investing fruit, or much changing under it. 3. Capsicum. Corolla rotate: anthers oblong or cordate: berry girt only at base by nearly unchanged calyx. ++ ++ Calyx herbaceous and closely investing fruit or most of it, not angled. 4, Chameesaracha. Corolla rotate, 5-angulate: summit of globose berry usually more or less naked. +++ ++ Calyx becoming much enlarged and inflated, inclosing fruit, reticulate-veiny. 5. Physalis. Corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, 5-angulate or obscurely 5-lobed: stamens not connivent. 6. Margaranthus. Corolla urceolate-globose and 5-angular-gibbous above short narrow base and with minutely 5-toothed contracted orifice, including the connivent stamens. * * Stamens (4 or 5) perfect: berry and seeds as in preceding: limb of corolla imbri- cated in bud. 7. Lycium. Corolla funnelform or tubular: stamens often exserted: berry small: 2-celled. ** * Stamens (5) all perfect: fruit a pod: seeds as before: limb of corolla plicate or imbricated in bud. 8. Datura. Calyx prismatic or tubular, 5-toothed: corolla funnelform: pod prickly, more or less 4-celled. »** * Stamens (mostly 5) all perfect: fruit a berry or pod: seeds little or not at all flattened: corolla (usually elongated) with limb induplicate-valvate or imbricated. 9. Cestrum. Fruita rather dry globular berry: seeds few, with smooth coat. 10. Nicotiana. Fruit a pod: seeds very small and numerous, with granulate or Tugose coat. **** * Stamens (5) conspicuously unequal: fruit a pod: seeds globular or angular, not compressed: limb of corolla plicate or induplicate. + All 5 stamens perfect (rarely 5th wanting), inserted low down on funnelform or salverform corolla, included. 11. Petunia. Calyx 5-parted: anther-cells distinet: pod with 2 undivided valves. 12. Bouchetia. Calyx 5-cleft, with narrow lobes: anthers connivent, their cella somewhat confluent: pod at length 4-valved. 297 - + Stamens 4, didyhamous, the fifth a sterile filament, included in throat of long- tubed corolla. 18. Leptoglossis. Anthers somewhat reniform, confluent at summit: stigma or style under it petaloid-dilated. 1. LYCOPERSICUM Tourn. (Tomato, etc.) Chiefly annuals, with once or twice pinnate leaves, rounded petiolu- late leaflets, racemes of small flowers becoming lateral or opposite the leaves, articulated pedicels reflexed in fruit, rotate corolla, anthers con- ones a cone and longitudinally dehiscent, and red or yellow pulpy erries. 1. L. esculentum Mill., var. cerasiforme Gray. (CHERRY TOMATO.) Hirsute on branches and more or less glandular: leaves interruptedly 1 or 2-pinnate; larger leaflets incised and toothed, interposed smaller ones rounder and often entire: calyx little shorter than yellow corolla: inflorescence bractless: berry globose and even, small. (Z. cerasiforme Dunal.)—Spontaneous on southern borders of Texas. Intro- duced from tropical America, and probably the normal form of the tomato of the gardens. 2. SOLANUM Tourn. (NIGHTSHADE.) Herbs or shrubs, with larger leaves often accompanied by a smaller lateral one, mostly lateral and extra-axillary peduncles, 5-parted or cleft calyx and (rotate) corolla, exserted stamens with very short fila- ments and anthers converging around the style and opening at tip by two pores or chinks, and a usually 2-celled berry. * Fruit naked (not inclosed in the enlarging calyx, except no. 9): stamens all alike. + Never prickly : anthers blunt: pubescence when present simple (except in no. 4). + Leaves pinnate. 1. $. tuberosum L., var. boreale Gray. Low, more or less pubescent: tubes about 12 mm. in diameter: leaflets 5 to 7, ovate or oval,with few interposed small ones or noneatall: peduncle few-flowered: corolla blue or white, angulate-5-lobed. (8. Fend- leri Gray.)—In the mountains west of the Pecos: Chenate mountains (Nealley). 8. tuberosum is the potato-plant, a native of South America, from which our plant seems not specifically distinct. ++ ++ Leaves simple. 2. S. nigrum L. (ComMoN NIGHTSHADE.) Low annual, much branched and often spreading, nearly glubrons, rough on the angles: leaves ovate, wavy- toothed: flowers white, in small umbel-like lateral clusters, drooping: calyx spread- ing: filaments hairy: berries globular, black.—Common everywhere in damp or shady ground. In Texas and New Mexico, and extending southward, is var. NODI- FLORUM Gray, which is slender and often tall, with entire (rarely few-toothed) acuminate leaves, glabrous filaments, generally exserted style, and calyx retlexed in fruit. (S. nodiflorum Jacq.) 3. S. triquetrum Cav. Nearly glabrous perennial, with suffruticose flexnous or sarmentose stems which are hardly climbing: branches angled but hardly trique- trous: leaves doltoid-cordate, varying to hastate, in smaller forms to hastate-3-lobed (or even 5-lobed) with the middle lobe lanceolate or linear and prolonged: cymes mostly umbellately fow-flowered: corolla violot or purple (sometimes white): berries globose, red.—Low grounds and thickets, throughout southern and western Texas. 4. S. verbascifolium L. Erect shrub, very soft-tomentose throughout with atellate pubescence: leaves ovate, rounded at base (10 to 25 em. long), entire, very 2816—02 20 298 hoary beneath: peduncles usually terminal and erect, rather long and stout, bear- ing a many-flowered cyme: corolla white, downy outside, 5-parted, lobes ovate: ovary woolly.—A Mexican species found very near the Texan borders. + + More or less prickly: anthers more or less elongated and tapering at apex. ++ Corolla 5-parted: pubescence all of simple hairs. 5. S. aculeatissimum Jacq. Villous with scattered long and weak-jointed hairs, or soon glabrate, beset (even to calyx) with slender-subulate straight prickles: leaves rather large, membranaceous, ovate or slightly cordate, mostly sinuate-pin- natifid: corolla white: berry globose, becoming red or yellow.—An introduced weed near dwellings, native of the tropics, and extending through Texas into the Gulf States. + + Corolla 5-cleft or angulate-5-lobed: pubescence all or partly stellate. =-Fruiting pedicels recurved or reflexed: mature berries naked, merely subtended by calyx: corolla violet, rarely white. 6. S. eleagnifolium Cav. Silvery-canescent with dense scurf-like pubescence of many-rayed hairs: prickles small, slender, more or less copious or wanting: leaves lanceolate to oblong and linear, sinuate-repand or entire: calyx-lobes slender: berry seldom 12 mm. in diameter. (S. Texense Eng. & Gray Pl. Lindh.)—Prairies and plains, throughout Texas. The “trompillo” of the Mexicans. Commonest of weeds in valleys of southern and western Texas. The berries, first green, then yellow, finally black, the size of small marbles, are used for curdling milk by natives of northern Mexico and southern Texas. (Havard.) 7. S. TorreyiGray. Cinereous with a somewhat close pubescence of about equally 9 to 12-rayed hairs: prickles small and stout, scanty or nearly wanting: leaves ovate with truncate or slightly cordate base, sinuately 5 to 7-lobed (10 to 15 em. long): calyx-lobes short-ovate, abruptly long-acuminate: berry 25 mm. in diameter. (S. mam- meum? Eng. & Gray Pl. Lindh.)—Prairies, throughout Texas. : 8. S. Carolinense L. (HORSE-NETTLE.) Hirsute or roughish-pubescent with 4 to 8-rayed hairs: prickles stout, yellowish, copious (rarely scanty): leaves oblong or ovate, obtusely sinuate-toothed or lobed to sinuate-pinnatifid: racemes simple, soon lateral: calyx-lobes acuminate: berries about 12 mm. broad.—Sandy soil and waste ground, extending into Texas from the Atlantic region. = = Fruiting pedicels merely spreading: berry wholly or partly enveloped by the loose calyx: pubescence partly simple. 9. S. sisymbriifolium Lam. Green, stout, villous-pubescent with simple more or less glandular and viscid hairs, mixed on the leaves with some few-rayed stellate hairs, much armed (even to calyx) with long-subulate straight prickles: leaves deeply pinnatifid and the oblong lobes sinuate or even again somewhat pinnatifid: flowers in terminal or lateral pedunculate racemes: corolla light blue or white, 2.5 em, or more in diameter: berry red.—Adventive or escaped from cultivation. (Nat. of S. Am.) ** Fruit inclosed by close-fitting and horridly prickly calyx: lowest anther much the longest: stamens and styles much declined: annuals armed with straight prickles. 10. S. heterodoxum Dunal. Pubescent with glandular-tipped simple hairs, with avery few 5-rayed bristly ones on upper face of the irregularly or interruptedly bipinnatifid leaves; their lobes roundish or obtuse and repand: corolla violet: 4 an- thers yellow, and large one tinged with violet.Western Texas. Leaves watermelon- like in form and division (Gray). 11. S. rostratum Dunal. Somewhat hoary or yellowish with a copious wholly stellate pubescence: leaves nearly as in the preceding or less divided, some of them only once pinnatifid: corolla yellow.—Plains, throughout Texas. 299 3. CAPSICUM Tourn. (CAYENNE PEPPER.) Herbs or shrubs, with ovate and entire or merely repand thin and usually acuminate leaves, small solitary or cymose flowers on slender pedicels, short truncate or merely toothed calyx, rotate deeply cleft usually white corolla, bluish unconnected anthers longitudinally dehis- cent, and red or yellowish very pungent berries. 1. C. baccatum L. (BIRD PEPPER.) Shrubby, 3 to 6 dm. high, with slender divergent branches: leaves slonder-petioled: calyx more or less toothed in flower, truncate in fruit: berry elliptical-globular or globose: peduncles in fruit erect.— Sparsely found in southern and southwestern Texas. The ‘‘chiltapin” of the Mexi- cans, who prize its exceedingly pungent berries as condiment. (Havard). 4. CHAMAISARACHA Gray. Perennials, with mostly narrow entire or pinnatifid leaves taper- ing into margined petioles, filiform naked pedicels solitary in the axils and refracted or recurved in fruit, herbaceous calyx closely investing the globose berry (or most of it) and obscurely if at all veiny, rotate 5-angulate corolla, and filiform filaments with separate oblong anthers. 1. C. Coronopus Gray. Green, almost glabrous, or beset with some short and roughish hairs, diffusely very much branched: leaves lanceolate or linear with cuneate-attenuate base, varying from nearly entire to laciniate-pinnatifid: pedun- cles elongated: caiyx more or less hirsute (hairs often 2-forked at tip): corolla yellowish. (JVithania? Coronopus Torr. Mex. Bound.)—Clayey soil, southern and western Texas. 2. C. sordida Gray. Much branched from root or base, somewhat cinereous with short viscid pubescence: leaves obovate-spatulate or cuneate-oblong to oblanceolate, repand to incisely pinnatifid: calyx when young villous-viscid: corolla pale yellow orviolet-purple. (Withania? sordida Torr. Mex. Bound.)—Dry or clayey soil, through- out Texas. 5. PHYSALIS L. (GROUND CHERRY.; Herbs, with leaves often unequally in pairs, 1-flowered nodding extra- axillary peduncles, 5-cleft calyx reticulated and enlarging after flower- ing at length much inflated and inclosing the 2-celled globular (edible) berry, rotate-funnelform corolla with the very short tube marked with 5 concave spots at base, and 5 erect stamens with separate longitu- dinally dehiscent anthers. * Young parts sparsely (or stalks and calyx densely) sourfy-granuliferous, otherwise quite glabrous: some leaves sinuate-pinnatifid: corolla flat-rotate. 1. P. lobata Torr. Low and small, diffusely branched: leaves oblong-spatulate or obovate, from repand to sinuate-pinnatifid, the base cuneately tapering into a mar- gined petiole: pedicels commonly in pairs: corolla violet, 12 to 18 mm. in diameter, the center with a 5 or 6-rayed white-woolly star: globular-inflated fruiting calyx strongly 5-angled.—Plains of southern and western Texas. * * Not granulose-scurfy: leaves never pinnatijid: corolla rotately spreading from some- what campanulate throat or base. + Corolla pure white, wholly destitute of any dark center, tomentose at throat, widely rotate with almost entire border: pubescence simple. 2. P. Wrightii Gray. Annual, widely branched, nearly glabrous: leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong, sinuate-toothed or repand, acute at base, about 2.5 em. long: 300 pedicels filiform: fruiting calyx 12mm. long, uearly filled by the berry.—South- western Texas, on prairies of the San Pedro (Wright). ++ Corolla lurid greenish-white or yellow, mostly darker-colored or brownish at center. + Annuals, glabrous or nearly 80: pubescence (if any) minute and neither viscid nor stellate: anthers violet. = Corolla 6 to 12mm, broad: berry greenish-yellow. 3. P. obscura Michx. Branches widely diffuse: leaves broadly deltoid-ovate, mostly with truncate or subcordate base, unequally dentate, abruptly acuminate, 3.5 to 7.5 om. long: slender pedicels about 12 mm. long: corolla pale yellow with a dark eye: calyx-lobes lanceolate-subulate: fruiting calyx with 5 strong keeled angles and 5 much less distinct intermediate nerves.—Near Houston (Halt). 4. P, angulata L. Erect, or at length declined or spreading: leaves mostly ovate- oblong, with somewhat cuneate base, coarsely and laciniately toothed, 5 to 12.5 cm, long: slender pedicels 25 mm. or more long: corolla greenish-white or yellowish, with no distinct eye: calyx-lobes triangular: fruiting calyx 10-angled, the 5 principal ones sharply kevled.--Extending from Atlantic region to southern Texas. 5. P. equata Jacq. f. Erect, much branched, the younger stems and branches a little hairy: leaves ovate or oblong, repand or sinuate-toothed, 2.5 to 5cm. or more long: pedicels very short, 2 to 4mm. long: corolla light yellow with a brownish eye: calyx-lobes short and broadly ovate-triangular: fruiting calyx about equally 10- nerved.—Waste grounds, southern and western Texas. == Corolla 14 to 25mm. broad: berry reddish or purple. 6. P. Philadelphica Lam. Erectstem and branches angled, 6 to 9m. high: leaves obliquely ovate or oblong, repand-angulate and sometimes few-toothed, 5 to 10 cm. long: corolla greenish or yellowish with a dark eye: calyx-lobes broadly ovute or triangular: fruiting calyx globular.—In fertile soil, extending from the Atlantic region into Texas. so Annuals or perennials, strong-scented, villous or pubescent with viscid or glandular simple hairs: fruiting calyx 5-angled and keeled: berry green at lenyth yellow : leaves ovate or cordate. = Root annual: anthers violet. 7. P. pubescens L. Diffusely much branched or at length decumbent: leaves angulate- or repand-toothed or nearly entire: corolla spotted with brown purple at center, 10 to 12 mm. broad, obscurely 5 or 10-toothed.—Low grounds, throughout southern Texas. == Perennial: anthers mostly yellow. 8. P. Virginiana Mill. Diffusely much branched and widely spreading, or at first erect, pubescent or hirsute-villous: leaves sometimes oblong, repand or obtusely toothed, rarely entire: corolla 18 to 25 mm. broad, 5-angled or 5 or 10-toothed, dull sulphur-yellow with a brownish center: pedicels 12 to 25 mm. long. (P. viscosa Gray, Man., not L.)—Light or sandy soils, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas. 9. P. hederzefolia Gray. Erect or at length diffuse, densely viscid-pubescent or on young parts more or less villous: leaves roundish-cordate or almost reniform, or sometimes ovate, coarsely and obtusely angulate-toothed, 18 to 36 mm. in diameter: corolla 12 mm. broad: pedicels 4 to 8 mm. long.-—Rocky hills, southwestern Texas. At the western borders of Texas is var. PUBERULA Gray, with short minutely glan- dular less viscid pubescence, stems inclined to be procumbent, and smaller leaves. ++ ++ ++ Perennials, not viscid, mostly low: anthers almost always yellow. == Pubescence stellular or branching: leaves all or most of them cordate or ovate with abrupt base. 10. P. mollis Nutt. Softly cinereous-tomentose or canescent throughout with stellate or many-branched woolly hairs: leaves varying from ovate (or some of the 801 lower obovate) to rounded-cordate, mostly obtuse, angulate-toothed or repand, on slender petioles: pedicels usually filiform and equaling the petiole: corolla 12 to 18 mm. broad.—Thickets and banks of streams, extending from Arkansas into Texas where also occurs var. CINERASCENS Gray, which is greenish, with much shorter and less dense pubescence, roundish leaves rarely at all cordate (some of the lower with cuneate base), and sometimes shorter pedicels. = = Pubescence stellular, or simple and rigid, or nearly none: leaves from oval to lan- ceolate-linear and tapering into the petiole. 11. P. viscosa L. Cinereous or when young almost canescent with short stellate or 2 or 3-forked pubescence: stems ascending or spreading from slender creeping sub- terranean shoots: leaves ovate or oval, varying to oblong or obovate, entire or undulate: corolla greenish-yellow, with a more or less dark eye: fruiting calyx glo- bose-ovate: berry yellow or orange.—In sands on or near the Atlantic coast, and represented along the Texan coast by var. SPATHULAYOLIA Gray, with spatulate or oblong-lanceolate leaves gradually tapering into the petiole (P. pubescens Eng. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. P. lanceolata, var. spathulwfolia Torr. Mex. Bound.). 12. P. lanceolata Michx. More or less hirsute-pubescent with short stiff mostly simple hairs, varying to nearly glabrous: stems from rather stout subterranean shcots, angled, somewhat rigid: leaves oblong-ovate to narrowly lanceolate, sparingly angulate-toothed to undulate or entire: corolla ochroleucous, with a more or less dark eye: calyx commonly hirsute, in fruit pyramidal-ovate: berry reddish. (P. Pennsylvanica Gray, Man., in part, not L.)—Dry open ground and bottoms, through- out Texas. Associated with var. Lw@vicata Gray, which is glabrous or almost so throughout, or with sonic very short hairs on young parts. In wet woods, in east- ern Texas, represented by var. HIRTA Gray, with much of the hirsute-pubescence of the leaves 2 or 3-forked, 2s also are some of the abundant villous-hispid hairs of the stem. 6. MARGARANTHUS Schlecht. Resembles an annual Physalis on a small scale, except in the globu- Jar (livid or violet-tinged) corolla: the small berry wholly included in the globular and vesicular fruiting calyx, rather dry, 20 to 30-seeded. 1. M. solanaceus Schlecht. Nearly glabrous, erect, divergently branched: leaves membranaceous, ovate and ovate-lanceolate, entire or somewhat repand, occasionally 1 or 2-toothed, 2.5 to 5 cm.long, slender-petioled: pedicels short, re- curving: corolla barely 4 mm. long, and globular-conical fruiting calyx 8 to 12 mm. long.—Southern and western borders of Texas. 7. LYCIUM L. (MatTRIMONY-VINE.) Shrubby mostly spiny plants, with alternate and entire small leaves, mostly axillary small flowers, 3 to 5-toothed or cleft calyx not enlarg- ing and persistent at base of berry, funnelform or salverform 5-lobed corolla, 5 stamens with anthers opening lengthwise, slender style with capitate stigma, and sinall 2-celled red or reddish berries. 1, L. pallidum Miers. Glabrous: leaves pale, spatulate and oblanceolate, 2.5 to 5 on long: pedicels about equaling the deeply 5-cleft calyx: corolla funnelform, nearly 25 mm. long, greenish tinged with purple, with broad and rounded lobes: filaments exserted.—Southwestern border of Texas. 2, L. puberulum Gray. Leaves obovate and oblong-spatulate, 6 to 12 mm. long, eee and densely puberulent: flowers solitary and sessile in the fascicles of leaves: corolla tubular-funnelform, 8 to 10 mm. long, white, with the triangular- ovate reeurved-spreading acute lobes not longer than the abruptly dilated throat 302 and tinged with greenish-yellow: stamens inclnded, with glabrous filamente.— Southwestern border of Texas. 3. L. Carolinianum Walt. Glabrous: leaves fleshy, linear-spatulate or so thick- ened as to be clavate, 2.5 cm. or less long: pedicels slender: flower 4 or 5-merous: calyx short, irregularly cleft in age: corolla purple, with short tube (2 to 4mm, long) and almost rotate limb deeply parted into oval lobes (nearly 12 mm. broad): slender filaments (woolly at base) and style elongated.—Salt marshes, near the coast and through southern Texas. 4. L. Berlandieri Dunal. Glabrous throughout: leaves spatulate-linear, 12 to 25mm. long: pedicels filiform, as long as the commonly 4-merous rather short fun- nelform corolla (white, cream-color, or tinged with violet), which is 6 to 8 mm. long, mostly thrice the length ofthe campanulite calyx which nearly includes its narrow proper tube: stamens little if at all exscrted; filaments villous at base.—Southern and western Texas. 5. L. Torreyi Gray. Glabrous throughout: leaves linear-spatulate or broader, sometimes over 2.5 cm. long and over 4 mm. wide: pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long: corolla 10 to 12 mm. long, tubular-funnelform, white, cream-culor, or tinged with violet; jimb about 8 mm. wide, and lobes tomentulose on the edges: stamens little if at all exserted; filaments woolly at base. (L. barbinode Torr. Mex. Bound.)—Western border of Texas, near El Paso. 8. DATURA L. (STRAMONIUM. THORN-APPLE.) Rank narcotic-poisonous weeds, with ovate leaves, large showy flow- ers on short peduncles in the forks of the branching stem, prismatic or tubular 5-toothed calyx separating transversely above the base in fruit, funnelform corolla with a large and spreading 5 or 10-toothed plaited border, 2-lipped stigma, globular prickly 4-valved 2-celled pod with 2 thick placentz projected from the axis into the middle of the cells, and rather large flat seeds. 1. D. quercifolia HBK. Green, and young parts commonly somewhat pubescent: leaves sparingly but mostly deeply sinuate-pinnatifid: calyx prismatic: corolla pale violet, about 7.5 cm. long: pod armed with large and unequal flattened prickles, some of the upper not rarely 2.5 cm. long, strictly erect: seeds thickish, with a dark- colored and more or less pitted or rugose coat.—Naturalized from Mexico on south- western borders of Texas, 2. D. meteloides DC. Pruinose-glaucescent with minute puberulence or pubes- cence: leaves unequally ovate, merely repand or nearly entire: calyx cylindrical, about 7.5 cm. long: corolla white suffused with violet, sweet-scented, 17.5 to 20 cm. long when well developed: pod thickly muricate with short and equal prickles, nod- ding on short recurved peduncle: seeds flatter, with pale smoothish coat.—Along streams, southern and western Texas. 9. CESTRUM L. Shrubs or low trees, with entire short-petioled pinnately veined leaves, variously clustered flowers on axillary peduncles or forming a terminal panicle or corymb, narrowly tubular-funnelform or clavate corolla, filiform filaments with anthers shortand explanate after dehis- cence, usually short-stipitate few-ovuled ovary, fruit a rather dry glob- war reddish or blackish berry, and few seeds or by abortion solitary. 1. C. diurnum L. Glabrous: leaves oblong, very bright green above: flowers ses- ele in a short close cluster on an axillary peduncle: corolla white, enlarging very 303 gradually from base to summit, not narrowed at throat, 12 mm. long, with lobes short and roundish.—A West Indian species, reported as introduced in ‘om Green County (Tweedy). 2. C. Parqui L’Her. A very fetid more or less cinereons shrub: leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, green on both sides or pale beneath: flowers subsessile in a crowded terminal panicle of Spicate racemes: corolla yellow. (C. multinervium Wat- son Proc. Am. Acad. 18, 128.)—A South American species, cultivated in warm coun- tries, and apparently spontaneous at San Antonio (Palmer). 10. NICOTIANA Tourn. (ToBacco.) Rank acrid-narcotic mostly clammy-pubescent herbs (one arborescent), with ample leaves, racemed or panicled flowers, tubular-bell-shaped 5-cleft calyx, funnelform or salverform corolla usually with along tube and 5-lobed plaited border, capitate stigma, 2-celled pod 2 to 4-valved from the apex, and numerous minute seeds. * Leaves undulate-crisped or repand or Jiddle-shaped, all the upper more or less clasping : corolla-tube almost filiform, 3.5 to 6.5 om. long: filaments very short: flowers loosely racemose. 1, N. plumbaginifolia Viv. Somewhat scabrous-pubescent or glabrate: cauline leaves sessile and with partly clasping base, undulate and sometimes even crisped ; lowest oblong or obovate-spatulate ; the others oblong-lanceolate and acuminate, above passing into lincar-subulate bracts: corolla greenish-white, less than 5 cm, long; lobes 4 to 6mm. long, acute.——Damp grounds around Matamoras, and proba- bly on the Texan side also. : ; 2. N.repanda Willd. Minutely pubescent or glabrate above, with open racemose or somewhat paniculate naked inflorescence: leaves thin (7.5 to 15 cm.) long, and 2.5 to 10 cm. wide), ovate, or the lower obovate and sometimes fiddle-shaped, commonly repand; lowest contracted into a winged petiole; upper deeply cordate-clasping: bracts minute or often wanting: corolla with tube frequently 5 cm. long, the spread- ing limb white, or tinged with rose, 14 to 25 mm. broad, its lobes short and obtuse or acutish.—Low grounds, common from San Antonio to Devil’s River. * * Leaves entire, or the margins sometimes obscurely undulate: filaments slender. 3. N. trigonophylla Dunal. Viscid-pubescent, simple or virgately branched: leaves all sessile or only the lower tapering into a winged petiole, and obovate-oblong ; upper oblong-lanceolate with a broader cordate half-clasping base, or some spatulate- lanceolate with a dilated auriculate-clasping base, 2.5 to 10cm. long: inflorescence at length loosely paniculate-racemose: corolla greenish-white or yellowish, about 18 mm. long, somewhat pubescent, the sinuately-lobed limb about 8mm. broad.—Southern and western Texas. 4, N. Glauca Graham. Arborescent, soft-woody below, glaucous and glabrous: leaves long-petioled, ovate and subcordate, entire or repand: flowers loosely panicu- late: corolla greenish becoming yellow, 2.5 to 5cm. long, tubular, contracted at throat, and with erect 5-crenate limb not longer than the orifice.—Native of South America, naturalized in southern Texas and frequently cultivated. ‘‘Coneton” and “tronadora” of the Mexicans. 11. PETUNIA Juss. Viscid herbs, with entire leaves, scattered flowers becoming lateral, 5-parted calyx, 5 perfect but conspicuously unequal stamens (4 being didynamous and the fifth smaller) inserted low down on the funnel- form or salverform corolla and included, distinct anther-cells, a fleshy 304 hypogynous disk, dilated-capitate unappendaged stigma, and pod wth 2 undivided valves. 1. P. parviflora Juss. A small prostrate or diffusely spreading annual, more or less pubescent: leaves oblong-linear or spatulate, rather fleshy, seldom 12mm. long, nearly sessile: peduncles very short: calyx-lobes resembling the smaller leaves: corolla purple with a pale or yellowish tube, 8 mm. long, funnelform.—Throughout southern and southwestern Texas. 12. BOUCHETIA DC. Low and much branched from a perennial root, with entire leaves, oblong, campanulate 5-cleft calyx with narrow lobes, short funnelform corolla, 5 perfect but unequal stamens, connivent anthers with cells somewhat confluent at summit, no hypogynous disk or obscure, trans- versely dilated.somewhat renitorm stigma, and pod at length 4-valved. 1. B. erecta DC. Minutely appressed-pubescent: leaves oblong-spatulate, or the the lower oval and petioled, aud the upper lanceolate and sessile, rather small: peduncles terminal or lateral and scattered: corolla white, 12 to 18 mm. long, about twice the length of the calyx, the broadly funnelform limb deeply 5-lobed. (Mierem- bergia anomala Torr. Mex. Bound.)—Moist prairies and rocky hills, southern and southwestern Texas. 13. LEPTOGLOSSIS Benth. Low perennial diffusely much branched from a woody base, with 5-cleft or toothed calyx, salverform corolla with slender tube and swol- len throat at base of which the stamens are inserted, 4 didynamous stamens (the fifth a sterile filament), somewhat reniform anthers con- fluent at summit, stigma or style under it petaloid-dilated, and 2-valved pod. 1. L. TexanaGray. Viscid-pubescent: leaves spatulate-obovate or oblong, acute, narrowed at base, the lower into a short margined petiole: corolla apparently white; tiliform tube 16 to 18 mm. long, the almost regular broadly 5-lobed plane limb of about the same diameter: winged appendages under-stigma narrower than wide: pod only half the length of the 10-nerved calyx. (Nierembergia viscosa and Browallia Texana Torr. Mex. Bound.)—Rocky hills, western Texas. SCROPHULARINEH. (Fic¢wort Famity.) Chiefly herbs (rarely trees), with didynamous stamens (or perfect stamens often only 2, rarely 5) inserted on the tube of the 2-lipped or more or less irregular corolla whose lobes are imbricated in the bud, and fruit a 2-celled and usually many-seeded pod with placente in the axis. I. Upper lip or lobes of corolla covering the lower in bud: pod usually septicidal. * Corolla campanulate or short-funnelform: leaves alternate: tomentose shrubs. 1. Leucophyllum. Corolla with rounded and spreading nearly equal lobes: sta- mens 4 and didynamous, or rarely 5 and fifth imperfect, included. ** Corolla rotate: flowers racemose: leaves alternate. 2. Verbascum. Stamens 5, all with anthers, and 3 or all with bearded filaments. 305 ** * Corolla tubular, with spur or sac at base below, throat usually with palate: pod opening by chinks or holes: flowers in simple racemes or axillary: lower leaves usually opposite or whorled: stamens 4. 3. Linaria. Corolla spurred at base; palate seldom closing throat. 4. Antirrhinum, Corolla merely saccate at base; palate closing throat. 5. Maurandia. Corolla barely gibbous at base, with 2 longitudinal and commonly bearded intruded lines or plaits instead of palate. *** * Corolla tubular or 2-lipped, not spurred or saccate below: pod 2 to 4-valved: leaves opposite: inflorescence usually compound, of small axillary spiked or racemed clusters or cymes: stamens 4, with rudiment of the fifth. 6. Pentstemon. Sterile stamen about as long as the rest: seeds wingless. »***** Corolla tubular, not saccate or spurred: pod 2-valved: flowers solitary in axils of bracts or leaves: leaves all or lower ones opposite: no trace of @ fifth stamen. : + Stamens 4, all anther-bearing and similar. 7. Mimulus. Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, 5-toothed: corolla elongated. 8. Stemodia. Calyx 5-parted, divisions equal: corolla short: anther-cells sepa- rate and stipitate. 9. Conobea. Calyx 5-parted, divisions equal: corolla short: anther-cells distinct but not stipitate. : ; 10. Herpestis. Calyx 5-parted, unequal, upper division largest: corolla short. + + Anther-bearing stamens 2; usually also a pair of sterile filaments. 11. Gratiola. Calyx 5-parted: stamens included, the sterile pair short or none. 12. Tlysanthes. Calyx5-parted: stamens included, the sterile filaments protruded. 13. Micranthemum. Flowers minute: calyx 4-toothed or -cleft: upper lip of corolla short or none: filaments.with an appendage; sterilepairnone: dwarf aquatic. II. Under lip or lateral lobes of corolla covering upper in bud: pod commonly loculicidal. * Corolla rotate, salverform, or campanulate: stamens 2 or 4, not approaching in pairs or strongly didynamous: anthers 2-celled. + Stamens 4 (sometimes 5), nearly equal. 14. Scoparia. Corolla 4-cleft, densely hairy in throat: stamens 4; anther-cells distinct: leaves opposite or verticillate. 15. Capraria. Corolla5-cleft: stamens often 5; anther-cells confluent at apex: leaves alternate. + + Stamens 2. 16. Veronica. Calyx4 (rarely 3 or 5)-parted: corollarotate or salverform, almost regular: flowers racemed: leaves chiefly opposite or whorled. ** Corolla with spreading and slightly unequal 5-lobed limb: stamens 4, approxi- mate in pairs: leaves opposite or uppermost alternate. + Corolla salverform: anthers 1-celled: flowers in a spike. 17. Buchnera. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed: limb of elongated corolla 5-cleft. + + Corolla bell-shaped to funnelform: anthers 2-celled. 18. Seymeria. Stamens nearly equal: tube of corolla broad, not longer than lobes. ; 19. Gerardia. Stamens strongly unequal, included. * * * Corolla tubular, plainly 2-lipped; upper lip narrow, erect or arched, inclosing the 4 usually strongly didynamous stamens: anther-cells unequal and sepa- rated. 20. Castilleia. Calyx tubular, cleft down the lower (often also on the upper) side: upper lip of corolla elongated; lower short, often very small. 306 21, Cordylanthus. Calyx spathe-like, 2-leaved: corolla tubular, with lips com- monly of equal length. 1. LEUCOPHYLLUM Humb. & Bonpl. Low and much-branched shrubs which are densely scurfy-tomentose with usually silvery-white wool, with showy violet-purple flowers on short bractless peduncles in the axils of the small obovate or roundish and short-petioled entire leaves, corolla with 5 rounded and spreading nearly equal lobes, 4 didynamous included stamens (rarely 5), anther- cells confluent at apex, and a 2-valved pod. 1. L. Texanum Benth. Shrub 6 to 24 dm. high: leaves tomentose, obovate, 12. mm. or more long, almost sessile: calyx-lobes lanceolate-oblong: corolla almost campanulate; the limb 2.5 cm. in diameter, delicately soft-villous within.—Through- out the southern borders of Texas. 2. L. minus Gray. Lower, 3 to6dm. high: leaves minutely silvery-canescent, obovate-spatulate with long tapering base 12 mm. or less long: calyx-lobes linear: corolla with narrower and more funnelform tube and throat which much exceed the limb, which is 12 mm.in diameter and sparsely pubescent within. —Southern bor- ders of Texas, perhaps the more abundant species westward. 2. VERBASCUM L. (MULLEIN.) Tall and usually woolly biennial herbs, with alternate leaves (those of the stem sessile or decurrent), flowers in large terminal spikes or racemes, 5-parted calyx, 5-lobed rotate corolla with lobes broad and rounded and little unequal, 5 stamens with all the filaments (or the 3 upper) woolly, and a globular many-seeded pod. 1. V. Thapsus L. (COMMON MULLEIN.) Densely woolly throughout: stem tall and stout, simple, winged by the decurrent bases of the oblong acute leaves: flowers - yellow (rarely white), in a prolonged and very dense cylindrical spike.—One of the most common of introduced weeds in the Atlantic States. Reported only from Gil- lespie County (Jermy), but, of course, widely distributed in the cultivated parts of Texas. : 3. LINARIA Tourn. (TosD-FLAX.) Herb, with at least all the upper leaves alternate, 5-parted calyx, personate corolla with the prominent palate often nearly closing the throat and spurred at base on the lower side, 4 stamens, and thin pod opening below the summit by one or two pores or chinks, 1. L. Canadensis Dumont. Slender and glabrous: leaves linear, entire, 2 to 4 mm. wide: flowers small, blue, ina naked terminal raceme; pedicels erect, not longer than the filiform curved spur of the corolla.—Sandy or gravelly soil throughout Texas, 4, ANTIRRHINUM Tourn. (SNAPDRAGON.) Corolla merely saccate or gibbous at base; otherwise nearly as Lina- ria, or the palate in some species much less prominent. 1, A. maurandioides Gray. Climbing by the slender tortile petioles and axillary peduncles: leaves triangular-hastate or the lower cordate-hastate; the lateral lobes often with a posterior tooth: corolla purple or sometimes white, 12 to 25 mm. long, with a nearly closing palate: sepals lanceolate, very acute.—Throughout southern and western Texas; also common in cultivation, 307 5. MAURANDIA Ortega. Herbs climbing mostly by the slender tortile petioles, with cordate- triangular or hastate leaves (only the lower opposite), showy purple or rose-colored (rarely white flowers), nearly funnelform ringent corolla barely gibbous at base and with two longitudinal and commonly bearded intruded lines or plaits instead of palate; otherwise as the two prece- ding genera. 1. M. Wislizeni Engelm. Glabrous: leaves hastate or some of them sagittate; lowest obtuse, the others acuminate and with pointed basal lobes: corolla pale blue, with lips about half the length of the ample tube: sepals becoming much enlarged and very veiny-reticulated and strongly saccate-keeled at base, inclosing the pod, and about the length of the sworc-shaped indurated style——Southern and westcrn Texas. 6. PENTSTEMON Mitchell. (BEaRD-TONGUR.) Perennials, with opposite leaves (upper sessile and mostly clasping), mostly showy thyrsoid or racemose-panicled flowers, 5-parted calyx, tubular and more or less inflated or bell-shaped more or less 2-lipped corolla, 4 stamens declined at base and ascending above, and a fifth sterile-filament usually as long as the others and either naked or beard- ed.—Ours all belong to § EUPENSTEMON, in which the anther-cells are soon divaricate or divergent, united and often confluent at apex, and dehiscent for their whole length or nearly. * Anthers glabrous, reniform, not explanate in age, the line of dehiscence stopping a litile short of the base of the cells : stems suffruticose and leaves thick-coriaceous. 1. P. baccharifolius Hook. Glabrous, or the rigid branches puberulent, 6 dm. high, leafy below: leaves oblong, nearly sessile, rigidly and acutely dentate, 2.5 cm. long; uppermost abruptly reduced to small ovate bracts of the loose and racemose glandular inflorescence: corolla deep carmine-red, 2.5 cm. long: sterile filament naked.—Southwestern Texas, on the San Pedro and the Pecos. ** Anthers glabrous ; the cells deltiscent from base towards but not to apex, hence not ex- planate after dehiscence : corolla red : glabrous herbs. 2. P. barbatus Nutt. Usually tall, 6 to 18 dm. high: leaves lanceolate or the upper linear-lanceolate; the lowest and radical oblong or ovate: corolla strongly bilabiate, 2.5 cm. long, from light pink-red to carmine; base of the lower lip or throat usually bearded with long and loose or sparse yellowish hairs: sterile filament glabrous.— In the mountains west of the Pecos, where also occurs var. TorrryI Gray, a tall and usually deep scarlet-red-flowered form, with few orno hairs in the throat. 3. P. Batoni Gray. Lower, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves lanceolate to ovate; the upper partly clasping: thyrsus virgate and strict, the peduncles very short: corolla ob- ‘scurely bilabiate, 2.5 cm. long, bright carmine-red. tubular, hardly enlarged at the naked throat: sterile filament sometimes minutely bearded at apex.—Reported from the Chisos Mountains, southwestern Texas (Havard). *** Anthers from glabrous to hirsute ; the diverging or divaricate and distinct cells de- hiscent from base nearly or quite to (but not conjluently through) apex, not pel- taiely explanate after dehiscence : flowers showy, blue or violet, ampliate above. 4. P. glaber Pursh. Stems 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate or the upper ovate-lanceolate: thyrsus elongated, the peduncles and pedicels very short: corolla 2.5 to 3.5 om. long, bright blue to violet purple: anthers and apex of sterile 808 filament glabrous or sparsely hirsute.—A species of the Rocky Mountain region, but represented in the mountains west of the Pecos (fide Havard) by var. CYANANTHUS Gray, whose leaves are all broad, thyrsus dense, corolla bright blue, and anthers and sterile filament from hirsute to nearly glabrous. **** Anthers dehiscent from base to apex and through the junction of the two cells, gla- brous, open after dehiscence, explanate in age, mostly confluently 1-celled. + Glabrous throughout, even to pedicels and calyx : leaves all entire, from linear to ovate: thyrsus virgate or contracted. + Corolla 16 to 25 mm. long, tubular or funnelform, 5. P. acuminatus Doug]. Stem1.5 to 5 dm. high, stout: leaves thick, the lower obovate or oblong, the upper lanceolate to broadly ovate or cordate-clasping, acute or acuminate: thyrsus leafy below, very narrow: corolla 16 to 18 mm. long, lilac or violet, the tube gradually and moderately dilated into the funnelform throat: sterile filament mostly bearded at the dilated tip.—Western borders of Texas. 6. P. Wrightii Hook. Stemsrather stout, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves oblong or the lowest obovate, upper partly clasping by a roundish base: thyrsus elongated, loosely flowered: corolla about 18 mm. long, bright rose-color, and with ampliate throat: sterile filament dilated at tip and retrorsely bearded down one side.—West- ern Texas. 7. P. Havardi Gray. About 6 dm. high: leaves coriaceous, oval or oblong, lower long-petioled, upper small and half-clasping, those of the elongated racemi- form thyrsus reduced to small or minute bracts: corolla 25 mm. long, violet or blue, tubular (throat not over 6 mm. wide and lips only 4 mm. long): sterile filament fili- form and naked.—Guadalupe Mountains, southwestern border of Texas (Havard). ++ + Corolla showy, 85 mm. or more long, ventricose-funnelform: sterile filament hooked at apex: leaves glaucous, thickish, broad: the upper and floral rounded, all but the obovate radical ones clasping and perfoliate : stem 6 to 12 dm. high. 8. P. grandiflorus Nutt. Leaves all distinct at base: pedicels short: corolla lilac or lavender-blue, abruptly ventricose above proper tube, which exceeds calyx: sterile filament minutely pubescent at the dilated apex.—A species of the northern prairies, reported from Gillespie County (Jermy). 9. P. Murrayanus Hook. Cauline leaves connate-clasping, and all the upper pairs united into an oval or orbicular concave disk: pedicels slender: corolla deep scarlet, gradually widening upward: sterile filament wholly glabrous.—Prairies of eastern Texas. + + From puberulent to viscid-pubescent. ++ Leaves ovate to lanceolate-linear: corolla ample, purplish: sterile filament more or less long-bearded. 10. P. Cobzea Nutt. Soft-puberulent: leaves ovate or oblong, or the lower broadly lanceolate and the upper subcordate-clasping, most of them acutely denticu- late or serrate: thyrsus lax and short: corolla commonly 5 cm. long, abruptly cam- panulate-ventricose above the narrow tube, from dull reddish purple to whitish, glabrous within: slender sterile filament sparsely bearded.—Prairies of Texas. ll. P. Jamesii Benth. Pruinose-puberulent: leaves all narrowly or linear-lanceo- late, mostly entire or the margins undulate: thyrsus strict, leafy below: corolla about 2.5 em. long, abruptly dilated into a broadly cyathiform-campanulate throat, a little hairy within: sterile filament moderately bearded.—Prairies of western Texas. 12. P. albidus Nutt. Viscid-pubescent, 1.5 to 2.5 dm. high: leaves oblong-lanceo- late or narrow, entire or sparsely toothed: clusters of the strict thyrsus few-flow- ered, approximate: sepals lanceolate, densely pubescent: corolla 18 mm. long, with short tube and sterile filament thinly short-bearded, dilated throat.—Extending from the northern plains into Texas. 309 13. P. pubescens Solander. Stem 3 to 6 dm. high, viscid-pubescent (at least the inflorescence) : leaves oblong to lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, lowest and radical ovate or oblong, usually denticulate: thyrsus narrow: corolla dull violet or purple (or partly whitish), very moderately dilated, the throat nearly closed by a villous- bearded palate: sterile filament densely bearded.—Extendivg from the Atlantic region into Texas. ++ ++ Leaves all linear and entire, narrow at base: corolla Sunnelform : sterile filament wholly glabrous. 14. P. stenophyllus Gray. Glabrous or obscurely puberulent, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves 7.5 to 10 cm. long, and the larger only 4 mm. wide, attenuate-acute; upper- most and floral nearly filiform: corolla large (nearly 3.5 cm. long), purple or violet.— A species of southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico, but represented on the western borders of Texas by var. DASYPHYLLUS Gray (P. dasyphyllus Gray), a form with leaves and lower part of stem thickly beset with short retrorse pubescence, 15. P. ambiguus Torr. Glabrous, 3 +06 dm. high, diffuse and often much branched: leaves filiform, or the lowest linear and floral linear-subulate: inflorescence loosely paniculate: corolla rose-color and flesh-color turning to white, with rotately expanded limb, throat or its lower side somewhat hairy, and tube 12 mm. or more long.—Reported from the “Staked Plains.” 7. MIMULUS L. (MONKEY-FLOWER.) Herbs, with opposite leaves, mostly handsome flowers on solitary axillary bractless peduncles, prismatic 5-angled 5-toothed calyx (upper tooth largest), tubular corolla with upper lip erect or retlex-spreading and 2-lobed and lower spreading and 3-lobed, 4 stamens, and 2-lobed stigma. * Erect from a perennial root, glabrous: leaves feather-veined: corolla violet-purple. 1. M.ringens L. Stem square, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves oblong or lanceolate, pointed, clasping by a heart-shaped base, serrate: peduncles longer than the flower: calyx-teeth taper-pointed, nearly equal: corolla personate.—Wet places, extending from the Atlantic States into Texas. 2. M. alatus Ait. Stem somewhat winged at the angles: leaves oblong-ovate, tapering into a petiole: peduncles shorter than the calyx, which has very short abruptly pointed teeth: otherwise like the last.—Wet places, same range as last. ** Leaves several-nerved and veiny, dentate, the wpper sessile and otasping : calyx oblique: corolla yellow, the lower lip bearded. 3. M. glabratus HBK. Diffusely spreading, smooth and smoothish: stems creep- ing: leaves round-oval or ovate, mostly denticulate or dentate; lower with margined petioles, upper sessile by broad base: flowers mostly subtended by undiminished or little diminished leaves, (M. Jamesii, var. Texensis Gray.)—Southern and. western Texas. From western Texas is also reported var. JaMESII Gray (i. Tamesit Torr. & Gray), with leaves mainly orbicular and almost entire, some approaching reniform, the upper ones hardly diminished and equaling the subtended peduncles. 4, M. luteus L. Probably occurs in the mountains of extreme western Texas, i i t habit, ovate to roundish or and may be known from the preceding by its more erec sane te leaves, and deep yellow corolla with brown-purple dots or blotches. 8. STEMODIA L. Herbaceous or slightly shrubby plants, with 5-parted calyx, more or less bilabiate corolla with cylindraceous tube, 4 stamens inserted be- 310 low the throat and included, separate and stipitate anther-cells, 2-lobed stigma, valves of pod soon 2-parted, and placente left in the axis, 1. S. durantifolia Swartz. Annual with indurated base, viscid-pubescent: leaves either opposite or 3 to 4-nate, from oblong to linear-lanceolate, serrate or denticulate, narrowed below and with somewhat dilated partly clasping base: inflorescence spici- form, leafy below: calyx 2-bracteolate: corolla purplish, 6 mm. loag.—Wet grounds, southern borders of Texas. 2. S. lanata Ruiz & Pavon. White-woolly, with prostrate stems: leaves oblong, dentate, sessile or cordate-amplexicaul.—Brazos Santiago (Nealley). A Mexican spe- cies that has extended northward along the Gulf coast, 9. CONOBEA