Cela L oe LAA edit aba {apa 7d ep tober Laeorairt ytd “Ale sg ch Mira ee Fe ay vA modi Nebel liebe php lds i 7 ve eine dine ere be) ea ran Lestat Ba Donets in eice : VEPs Weert, Suter wekeee i Sete beret Ri ee ea elec 2 Sena TNT daa oe eee eaten nace poo eae Pon <4 ae een) BODE seh eis peecinnicnn inns Cire SLRs ; oe nn ae Piece sage i ce Gree partner oae cat Siete ree eee Ser taTS) te rig Speen uae eee ee ern oan pees le dark hte ar rea ce eee eee icheaintefnviet Seba Sak ene Sis eeu. i rae ey emacs eos . ec ee need Santina iets btritael te See aed aae Eiki cartel Se es Deer acre ere aaa enae: ae ie a ene fi c te lone a G save See teny Polefy oe et tte Dae Pe teacneta aay » pens 0 Sie Peta ata practi eae feet Pree viet oa pe River Airey ery et 60] Loy IEE t) O | f c g ig o H Ig 9 Ky fF Ky A) LY 6 THIS BOOK IS THE GIFT OF Roswell P. Flower 31924 073 484 655 PHYSIOLOGICAL MATERIA MEDICA, CONTAINING ALL THAT IS KNOWN OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF OUR REMEDIES; TOGETHER WITH THEIR CHARACTERISTIC INDICATIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY BY WM. H. BURT, M. D., Author of “CHARACTERISTIC MaTERIA MeEpica,” ‘‘THERAPEUTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS,’* “A MonoGRaPH ON PoLyPoRus OFFICINALIS,” ‘‘PoLyPoRUS PINAcOLA,” “UstTitaco MapIs aND CINCHONA OFFICINALIS,” Etc. FIFTH EDITION. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY, CHICAGO: GROSS & DELBRIDGE CoO. 1896. oe bo/ Bee 4896 Entered, according to Act : Congress, in the year 1880, By WM. H. BURT, X. D., In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D.C. Kio > Gro. K. HAztittT & Co., PRINTERS, CHICAGO. TO RICHARD HUGHES, M. D., OF BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, In grateful acknowledgment of his high attainments in the field of Materia Medica, and in token of warm personal esteem, this volume is most cordially dedicated by THe AUTHOR. PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. . On the first day of June a large edition of this work was placed upon one “market; and in ninety days the second edition was called for. This is ' phenomenal, exceeding all reasonable expectations of the Author. Such a reception has never been awarded before to any book in the history of Homeopathic literature; and, under the circumstances, it is peculiarly grati- fying, especially when we take into consideration the great competition of so many able and well-established works on Materia Medica and Therapeutics. It was thought that the progress of so extensive a work, in professional favor, must necessarily be slow; but the demand for the book indicates that its appearance was opportune, and that its plan and execution are approved. The Author desires to express to the Profession his warmest thanks for this continued appreciation of his labors. Wiuuiam H. Burt, M.D. Chicago, August, 1881. PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. The sale of two large editions of this work in the short space of sixteen months is most gratifying to the Author, and conclusive evidence of its adap- tation to the needs of students and practitioners. To render the work still more worthy of their approval, Chloral Hydrate and Iodoform have been added, and typographical and other errors corrected. Wiuu1am H. Burt, M. D. 652 Washington Boulevard, September, 1882. PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION. Once more the Author has the pleasure of thanking the Profession for their marked appreciation of his labors, calling for the fourth edition of this work. In the hope that it may be proportionately more useful, one hundred and seventeen pages of new matter have been added, including the new anesthetic Cocaine, and the most thorough Clinical Index ever combined with a Materia Medica, giving not only all the remedies written up in the text, but all the important ones known to the Profession, with more adjuvants than can be found in any work on Practice in any School of Medicine. - Wiuuiam H. Bort, M. D. 648 Washington Boulevard. June, 1888. PREFACE TO FIFTH EDITION. Again the Author has to thank the profession for the absorption of four large editions of this work. This is extremely gratifying to know that his labors are so highly appreciated. To make the work still more useful, there has been added nine more remedies, wzz - Antifebrine, Antipyrine, Cas- carta, Coto Bark, Pichi, Saw Palmeto, Spartaine, Stigmata Maydis and Syzygium. i Ww. ILLI 714 W. Monroe Street. Pee PREFACE. This work was suggested to the author from his own need of a book combining the pharmacology, pathology, and therapeu- tics of our drugs, arranged in a convenient form for ready ref- erence. Among the many excellent treatises upon Materia Medica and Therapeutics, there was not one that would give a complete knowledge of the uses, effects, and mode of prepara- tion of our remedies; and this information could only be found scattered through.a much greater number of books than are available to the ordinary student or practitioner. For this reason, the major portion of the profession have a very imper- fect knowledge of our drugs, and especially so in regard to their physiological and pathological action. The design of this work is to fill this hiatus, and to place in the hands of the student of Materia Medica a text-book so arranged that he can readily find what a drug is, where it is obtained, how it is prepared for medicinal use, how it acts upon the human organ- ism, what tissues it especially acts upon, how it affects them, how much of the drug it takes to produce certain results, and what are its characteristic therapeutics. This the author has endeav- red to do with each drug, not only of the old, but of all the important new, remedies; and to do this, the following plan has been adopted: First, to give the Latin name of the drug and then the English name; second, where it is to be found, the part used in medicine, and how to prepare it for use; third, its antidotes ; fourth, the number of tissues acted upon. This is followed by a tabulated summary of its whole range of action, from which its line of uses may be grasped in a few moments. Then follows the physiological action, tissue by tissue; and finally, - under the head of Therapeutic Individuality, its characteristic therapeutics are given. To gather out from our boundless literature the multitude of facts relating to the action and uses of our drugs, and te 6 PREFACE. idable task. sift the true from the false, has been a most form : : imself with To aid in this undertaking, the author supplied bh all available works treating upon this subject, in all schools of medicine; but, so serious has been the want of some original memoir or book treating on certain drugs, that he has often coveted the help to be derived from consulting the more com- plete libraries of Europe, more especially those of France and Germany. But, imperfect as the result is, the clinician will find the subject matter of each drug, so far as possible, made up of solid, practical facts, that can be relied upon at the bed- side with positive certainty; for nothing has been selected until it has received from competent authority the indorsement of a positive physiological or clinical effect of the drug. A special study of the physiological action of each drug has. been made; for drug pathology is quite as necessary to the scientific physician, as disease pathology, and a physician who can not diagnose the pathology of a drug, need not expect to be successful in the treatment of disease. We are fully per- suaded, that, to endure the crucial test of science, the Materia Medica of the future must stand upon a physiological basis. The first thing to learn about a drug is its physiological and pathological action upon the healthy human organism. To know what tissues it acts upon, and just how it affects them, leads directly to its curative action; and clinical experience er usu in morbis, will soon give us its grand characteristics; for drugs, like men, have characteristics by which they can be known and distinguished one from another. One drug acts upon the nerves of motion, another upon the nerves of sensa- tion; one relaxes, another contracts; one acts upon the mu- cous membranes, another upon the bones,—each one producing certain pathological conditions in localized parts; and, from these localized affections, by reflex action, the whole system is implicated. The knowledge of this localized action gives us the key to its therapeutics; for a.reflex symptom is far l2ss. valuable than a primary or idiopathic one. An acquaintance with the physiological action of drugs is of great importance, and, in fact, is absolutely necessary in treating cases of poisoning, that so often fall into the hands of the physician. And it is also especially called for when a physician is summoned into a court of law, where he must be able to state what are the toxical symptoms and the post- mortem changes produced by a given poison, and what diseases they assimilate. ‘ PREFACE. 7 In collating the therapeutics of each drug, it has been the aim to select those symptoms only, whether pathogenetic or clinical, that have been tested repeatedly and found reliable by our best practitioners, so. often that they have been declared “CHARACTERISTICS” or “KEy-NoTES” of the drug. These thera- peutic hints have been taken from the experience of the whole profession, and from all schools of medicine, wherever a fact could be found; and consequently they do not represent the ipse dizit of any one man, but the practical clinical experience of the whole profession. Each man, so to speak, being the bank from which the symptom was issued, his name is at- tached to what rightfully belongs to him, and the clinical test at the bed-side will reveal whether that bank was good or not. The author desires to make particular mention of the great value that the labors of Drs. R. Bartholow, H. C. Wood, A. Stille, Sydney Ringer, Richard Hughes, E. M. Hale, and C. D. F. Phillips, have been to him in collecting the physiological and pathological action of our remedies. In collecting the thera- peutics, the author has drawn largely from the writings of Drs. Samuel Hahnemann, Constantine Hering, Carroll Dunham, C. J. Hempel, A. Lippe, T. F. Allen, H. N. Guernsey, H. Goullon, J. B. Bell, E. A. Farrington, William Bayes, R. Ludlam, J. Meyhoffer, B. Hirschel, P. Jousset, W. H. Holcombe, Marcy and Hunt, C. G. Raue, B. Baehr, 8. Lilienthal, T. Nichol, H. C. Jessen, O. P. Baehr, C. C. Smith, A. McNeal, G. H. G. Jahr, J. D. Johnson, F. Hartmann, and C. de Boenninghausen. Although the first four mentioned are gone to their eternal homes, and are at rest from their labors, their works still live; and unborn millions will yet rise up and bless them. Without the labors of these men, this book could not have been written. For convenience, the following abbreviations have been used in crediting symptoms under the Therapeutic Individuality of each drug: Hah., for Hahnemann: Hg., for Hering; G., for H. N. Guernsey; F., for J. H. P. Frost; D., for C. Dunham; A. and N., for Allen and Norton. Dr. A. McNeal, of New Albany, Ind., very kindly furnished me with many symptcms that he had collected from foreign journals; and I have drawn many symptoms from my old “Characteristic Materia Medica.” Witt1am H. Burt, M. D. Cuicaco, 652 West WasHINGTON ST., May, 1881. INDEX TO APPENDIX. Antifebrin........... aeunes 998 AMLPYTING 5 ioe ce cccases ae buuw as 1000 ‘Cascara Sagrada.............. 1004. (Chloraliecccnis accounts eons 980 Coto Baltes ccccle teas oce cu canes 1006 COCA Eiirasd suetiine eae eatebaene tears 993 Aconitunmi....2-.- ss2s2ssess--5- 33 Acetate of Lead ointment-.---- 30 Adhesive plaster_..---.-------- 31 ésculus hippocastanum. ------- 52. Esculus cerate 30 AlcoWwol.c.cccccces 21 PANO CS 22 holo Soe Se Bo gern he 54 AJUMITNI, ¢ c.2 cec Sa scisecetes 56 Ambra: grisea ...-.-.-s-es-ses52 59 Ammonium carbonicum----_---- 61 Amyl nitritum: seossesseceesceee 64 Animal kingdom:-.2+..c2-+-+.-~- 26 Antimonium crudum_---------- U7 Antimonium tartaricum --..---- 80 Apis mellifica.--_------------.- 89 Apocynum cannabinum----.--- 97 Argentum nitricum 100 Arnica montana____------------ Arnica cerate__..-..------------ Arsenicum album _-__.---------- Arum triphyllum ---.---------- Asafeetida _........------------ Asparagus officinalis MIU soos ane ok boo Sales tee Acidum benzoicum Acidum carbolicum __......---- 152 Acidum fluoricum ....--------- 156 Acidum nitricum Acidum phosphoricum ...--.--- 175 Acidum salicylicum ------------ 179 Acidum sulphuricum----------- 189 (BApUSlitsssccascrc et metcesceate 191 IBUEK Son oos aces Soe ee nc ee ae 24 Baryta carbonica_.-.-.--------- 194 Belladonna___-_---------------- 195 Belladonna ointment._------.-- 30 Berries, fruits, and seeds --____ 24 Body wood Borax.----- Bryonia alba__..---.--- Bulbs. cc ccecctocetossametae ss. ‘Cactus grandiflorus -Calomel ointment -------------- Caleared, ccc noch oeerrseeesecs Calendula officinalis ‘Camphora es 22ceesssacesoonsscle ‘Cannabis sativa Cantharides.2..--52ssa-s552es< MOapsicim...2- .ss-se0. wsescs = Todoform.........000 rt PIGHT cca nc cdc Hed eae eS 1007 Sparteine...... Lo baa Binie een > Stigmata Maydis....--+-+++-+> Syzygium .......-.ee seers Carbo animalis...-.------------ 251 Carbo vegetabilis _-.----------- 253 Caulophyllum thalictroides-___- 255 CaustiCum 2265.25: secure see Centesimal scale -------------.. Chamomilla--...------- see ee cas Chelidonium ___________.---.--- Che:nical preparations Chimaphila «2... cnecesosesseccy Ciloral: sei ece Gio eee eases Chopping board___------------- Cimicifuga_..-_------.--------- Oils. sececs ashes cesar ae Cinchona __...---.---_..---_-_- Cinnamomum __________-----_-- Classes IL, II., IIL, IV. Classification-...-_-.----------- Cleansing piants --------_------ Cleansing utensils_-.-_-.-_..--- Cocculus Indicus_-.-_-..---.-_- Coffea cruda__........._____--- Colchicum _.____.-------------- Collinsonia..:..2 2 ---c--2-cc5< Collodium..__.-......2--_------ Colocynthis --.-_-----------.--- Conium __----.-.-..---- Copaiba.__._.--.-.----- Corallium rubrum Court plaster --_.---.--------.- Crocus sativus ___._..-----2-2.- Crotalus horridus Croton tiglium.---.----------- ie CAND TANTS 2 os acacia eee ee Decimal scale _._______.__------ Digitalis purpurea Dioscorea villosa Distilled water Duboisia _______- Dulcamara-.--..22 2222-2. Bitlet ose sie peace 22, 888 Eucalyptus --.-_-2.-2_ 1. 397 Euonymus ----__.-2_ 402 Eupatorium perfoliatum ______- 403 Eupatorium purpureum_______- 406 Euphrasia../-_ 2022 408 External application.__________ 29 Peruse ccceGlcee 409 Ferrum reductum______.. || 414 Ferrum pyrophosphas _____ _.. 414 Ferri chloridum INDEX. 9 Ferri et strychniee citras ----.--- 414 Ferrum dialysatum-.-..-------- 414 Ferri subsulphatis --..-...----- 414 Flix INAS) seeced cotecee ceed ce sie 417 Wlowet's) ccsccscssseccessecsases 24 Fresh plants -....-.-..--.+-+.-- 23 Pruvts: 22.2 20scsccceceessccsccs 24 Gelsemium----.---.------------ 418 Glovulés'c2c22e eee esse eee 23 ‘GlONOING.- cence tacecesecatees 430 Gly ceroleS s.00-2scccesuccasiessis 30 Glycerole of Carbolic acid ----- 30 Glycerole of Borax ..-.-.-.--.-- 30 Glycerole of Hydrastis--- -- 80 ‘Glycerole of Starch.-.--- - 81 GraphiteSi.c2c 2-204 jut iceoanecemsee 627 Mother tinctures -.......------- 25 Natrum muriaticum__.-._._-.- 630 Neutral substances.._.._.._.-.-- 20 Nux moschata_......-.-.-.---- 639 uxX+vomica _....-----..------- 644 Ointment). oeseucecene noc aese 30 Opin: 23 os oe tenet eonin os otic 665 Ostrya Virginica.........------ 683 Petroleum ___-.....------------ 684 Phosphorus --.-.---.----------- 689 Phytolacca decandra_..--------- 716 Plantago major --.-_----------- 725 PIGit8: orcuitse at Os otaenceeees 31 Matin a: cc ccsccuescecceceeee=ese 726 Plumbum -.-__.-..--....------- 731 Podophyllum._-_..-...--.------ 743 Polyporus officinalis ........--- 756 Potentizing --_-.....--..-.----- 29 Preparation of Tinctures ...--- 25 PHCSS@S) 2 352 ccceiiswiawiceaigac ace 19 Procuring medicinal substances 23 Proof SpiTit:..cncccc-escccecncnns 23 Psorinum __.-_-.__--- = Pulsatilla nigricans Red Oxide of Mercury.--------- 30 Rheum: sco osssaenscsesccsczene 780 Rhus toxicodendron-_-_-_..------ 782 RODIN Gio acts bad wakes scccie 801 OOS tic 2 tisaiek ahccauia cei cain, 24 Rumex crispus_-.---.-.-------- 802 SabM ae seccccaceccwcoeesese 804 Saccharated extracts _-_.------- 33 Sambucus nigra.-.------------- 809 DSaneuinarie o.oo sees 810 Sarsaparilla .-.......-.-.------- 816 PCAC Scapa aah ah ne cee yatielee 19 Scutell payee a 252 ele eeeen ee 817 Secale cornutum ___...-.------- 819 SeCdSie encase cee bese cuoedeet Senecio aureus HeNCS ae cciccasncels Bepiaessuckcsocewasos SIGVES! assis se adeaacceieeeees BiliG@a: 222 2d ses scacaweoeseeacs Simple cerate_._--------------- DSPAtulas scomciacemesemtcheemeits Splveligcsi as. ssssecsseecececesce Sponeid...-.2s-csese--sese2 eee SPOONS: 2522522 cect seen seeae Stannum..--.---..6-----ee-s-n- Sticta pulmonaria-_------------- 872 Stillingia sylvatica _-..--------- 873 Stramoaiuml 2. scceasevecerscac2 875 Sugar of milk__---------------- 22 Sulphur. a doteeceeeseet eases 883 Sulphur ointment---.-----.---- 30 Wa DaAGUIM ts. tesa tee eter peeeict 902 Tanacetum vulgare.....--.----- 912 Tarantula Cubensis- --- 914 Tarantula Hispana-- --. 913 Terebinthina_..._.........------ 918 Temperature __........._.-.---- 20 Teucrium marum verum -_-...-- 924 SPRIASP IL ase cremate eeeeiesee Sen 924 Thuja occidentalis _..........-- 925 Trillium pendulum_-__..-...---- 935 Trituration.-.....-..-.......--- 27 UPSDIWIM:. 222322 osc dee 937 UPrtica Uren Soka cco kets 940 Ustilago madis.__._....-..----- 942 Valeriana .......-------.------- 949 Veratrum album _._._....------ wt Veratrum viride .....-...-.---- 960 ZIMCWI x cease eee cumeeciess 974 CLASSIFICATION. All medicines have for their starting point or center of action the nervous centers, either animal or organic. their center of action in the animal (cerebro-spinal) uervous sys- tem, are the true remedies for acute and sub-acute diseases ; and those that have their center of action in the organic (ganglionic) nervous system, are the true remedies for sub-acute and chronic diseases. tageously with the organic remedies. ANIMAL GROUP. Cerebro-Spinants. Those that have The cerebro-spinants can often be alternated advan- For Acute and Sub-Acute Diseases, Aconite. AXsculus hip. Ambra grisea. Ammonium carb. Amy] nitritum, Antimonium cr. Antimonium tart. Apocynum cap. Arnica montana. Arum triphyllum. Asafcetida,. Asparagus offic. Acidum benz. Acidum carbol. Acidum hydroc. Acidum salicyl. Baptisia. Belladonna. Bryonia alba. Cactus grand. Camphora. Cannabis sativa. Cantharides. Capsicum. Caulophyllum. Causticum. Chamomilla. Chelidonium. Chloroformum. Cimicifuga. Cina. Cinchona. Cinnamomum. Cocculus Indicus. Coffea cruda. Colchicum. Collinsonia Can. Colocynthis. Conium mac. Copaiba. Corallium rub. Crocus sativus. Crotalus hor. Cuprum. Digitalis pur. Dioscorea vil. Duboisia. Dulcamara. Ether. Eucalyptus glob. Eupatorium per. Eupatorium pur. Euphrasia. Gelsemium sem. Glonoine. Hamamelis. Helleborus niger. Homatropin. Hyoscyamus nig. Hypericum per. Ignatia amara. Ipecacuanha. Tris versicolor. Jaborandi. Kali bromidum. Lachesis. Lilium tigrinum. Mezereum. Millefolium. Moschus. Nux moschata. Nux vomica. Opium. Ostrya Virginica. Phytolacca dec. Plantago major. Platina. Plumbum met. Pulsatilla nigr. Rhus tox. Robinia pseudac. Sabina. Sambucus nigra. Sanguinaria Can. Scutellaria. Secale cornutum. Senecio aureus. Senega. Spigelia. Stannum. Sticta pulmo. Stramonium. Tabacum. Tanacetum vulg. Tarantula Cuben. Tarantula Hispa. Terebinthina. Teucrium m. v. Thiaspi bur. pas. Trillium pend. Uranium. Urtica urens. Ustilago madis. Valeriana. ¢ Veratrum album. Veratrum viride. Zincum val. Zincum metal. CLASSIFICATION ORGANIC GROUP. Ganglionics. 11 _For Sub-Acute and Chronic Diseases. Aloes. Apis mellifica. Argentum nit. Arsenicum alb. Aurum. Acidum fluor. Acidum muriat. Acidum nit. Acidum phos. Acidum sulph. Baryta carbonica. Borax. Calcarea carb. Carbo animalis. Carbo vegetabilis. Chimaphila. Croton tiglium. Euonymus. Ferrum. Filix mas. Graphites. Gummi guite. Helonias dioica. Hepar sulphur. Hydrastis Can. Jodine. Kali bichrom. Kali bromidum. Leptandra Virg. Lycopodium. Magnesia. Magnesia carb. Magnesia mur. Manganum. Mercurius. Mercurius jod. ~ Natrum mur. Petroleum. Kali carbonicum. Phosphorus. Kali chloricum. Kalihydriodicum. Kreosotum. Podophyl. pelt. Polyporus offic. Psorinum. Rheum. Rumex crispus. Sarsaparilla. Secale cor. Sepia. Silicea. Spongia. Stillingia sylvat. Sulphur. Thuja occident. Classification According to Tissues. Cerebral Group. Aconitum. Amy! nitritum. Arsenicum. Acidum carbol. Belladonna. Cannabis sativa. Chloroformum. Cinchona. Coffea. Crotalus. Cuprum. Digitalis. Ether. Gelsemium. Glonoine. Helleborus. Hyoscyamus. Kali brom. Lachesis. Opium. Plumbum. Pulsatilla. Rhus tox. Sanguinaria. Scutellaria. Silicea. Stannum. Stramonium. Tabacum. Tarantula. Veratrum viride. Spinal Cord (Motor Group). Aconitum. Alumina. Amy! nitritum. Antimonium tart. Argentum. Arnica Arsenicum, Asafeetida. ‘Acidum carbol. Acidum hydroic. Acidum phos. _Acidum salicyl. Baptisia. Belladonna. Camphor. Cantharides. Causticum. Chloroformum. Cimicifuga. Cina. Cinchona. Cocculus. Colchicum. Colocynthis. Conium., Copaiba. Crocus. Cuprum. Digitalis. Dioscorea. Dulcamara. Ether. Eucalyptus. Eupatorium per. Eupatorium pur. Gelsemium. Helleborus. Hyoscyamus. Ignatia. Ipecacuanha. ali brom. Kreosotum. Lachesis. Manganum. Mercury. Mezereum. Moschus. Nux moschata. Phosphorus. Phytolacca. Plumbum. Polyporus. Psorinum. Rhus tox. Secale. Spigelia. Stannum. Stramonium. Tabacum. Tanacetum. Tarantula. Terebinthina. Uranium. Ustilago. Valeriana. Veratrum album. Veratrum viride. Spinal Cord (Sensory Group). Aconitum. Ambra grisea. Antimonium tart. Argentum. Arsenicum. Asafeetida. Acidum hydroc. Acidum phos. Acidum salicyl. Baptisia. Belladonna. Camphor. Capsicum. Caulophyllum. Chamomilla. Chloroform. Cimicifuga. Cinchona. Coffea. Colchicum. Colocynthis. Crocus. Dioscorea. Ether. Eupatorium per. Eupatorium pur. 12 CLASSIFICATION. Ignatia. Pulsatilla. Hepar sulphur. = Phytolacca. Kali brom. Rhus tox. Hydrastis. Pulsatilla. Mercury. Sanguinaria. Iodine. Rhus tox. Mezereum. Scutellaria. Ipecacuanha. Rumex. Moschus. Secale. ali bichrom. Sabina. Natrum mur. Senecio. Kali brom. Sambucus. ‘Nux moschata. Spigelia. Kali carb. Sanguinaria.. ‘Opium. Tarantula. Kali hyd. Senega. Phosphorus. Terebinthina. Kreosotum. Silicea. | Platina. Valeriana. Lycopodium. Stillingia, -Plumbum. Veratrum viride. agnesia carb. Stramonium. ace Magnesia mur. Sulphur. Skin. Manganum. Tabacum. Aconitum. Tris. Mercury. Teucrium. Aloes. Kali bichrom. Mezereum. Thuja. Antimonium cr. Kali brom. Natrum mur. Trillium. Antimonium tart. Kali hyd. Nux moschata. Urtica urens. Apis mellifica. Kreosotum. Nux vomica. Veratrum album, Apocynumcan. _Lachesis. Opium. Veratrum viride. Argentum. Lycopodium. Arnica. Manganum. Serous Membranes. _Arsenicum. Mercury. Aconitum. Jaborandi. Aurum. Mezereum. Apis mellifica. Kali carb. Acidum carbol. Natrum mur. Apocynum cann. Kali chlor. _Acidum fluor. Nux vomica. Arnica. Kali hyd. Acidum mur. Opium. Arsenicum. Mercury. Acidum nit. Petroleum. Acidum salicyl. | Mezereum. -Acidum phos. Phytolacca. Bryonia. Phytolacca. -Acidum sulph. — Plantago. Cantharides. Plumbum. Belladonna. Pulsatilla. Colchicum. Pulsatilla. Borax. Rhus tox. Colocynth. Rhus tox. Calcarea. Rumex. Dulcamara. Senega. Canthbarides. Sambucus. Helleborus. Sulphur. ‘Carbo animal. Sarsaparilla. Hypericum. Uranium. cee necales Iodine. Colchicum. epia. 7 3 ‘Copaiba. Silicea. Fibrous Tissues. Crotalus. Stillingia. Aconitum. Phytolacca. Croton tiglium. Stramonium. Argentum. Plumbum. Dulcamara. Sulphur. Acidum benz. Rhus tox. Ether. Tabacum. Bryonia. Sabina. Eucalyptus. Terebinthina. Colchicum. Senega. Eupatorium per. Thuja. Hamamelis. Silicea. ‘Graphites. Urtica urens. Kali bichrom. Spigelia. Hepar sulphur. _—_ Ustilago. Kali hyd. Stillingia. Iodine. Veratrum viride. Manganum. Sulphur. Ipecacuanha. Mercury. Mucous Membranes. Osseous Group. Aconitum. Baptisia. Aurum. Manganum. Alumina. Belladonna. Acidum fluor. Mercury. Ammonium carb. Borax. Acidum phos. Phosphorus. Antimoniumer. Bryonia. Calcarea. Plantago. Antimonium tart. Cannabis sativa. Ferrum. Silicea. Apis mellitica. Cantharides. Hepar sulphur. Apocynum can. Capsicum. Ly Argentum. Carbo veg. Lymphatics. Arsenicum. Causticum. Arsenicum. Belladonna Arum triphyllum. Colocynthis. Arum triphyllum. Calcarea. Asafeetida. Copaiba. Aurum. Carbo animal. Acidum carbol. Croton tiglium, Acidum fluor. Carbo ver. Acidum fluor. Dulcamara. Acidum nit. Chimaphila Acidum mur. Eucalyptus. Acidum sulph. Graphites ‘ Acidum nit. Euphrasia. Baptisia. elonias. Acidum salicyl. | Ferrum. Baryta carb. ) Hepar sulphuris. Hydrastis. Todine. Iris. Kah hyd. Kreosotum. Lachesis. Lycopodium. ercury. Mezereum. Natrum mur. Petroleum. CLASSIFICATION. 13. Phytolacca. Psorinum. Ithus tox. Rumex. Sarsaparilla. Silicea. Spongia. Stillingia. Sulphur. Ustilago. Salivary Glands. Apis mellifica. Argentum. Arum triphyllum. Acidum mur. Acidum nit. Kali hyd. Acidum sulph. Lachesis. Belladonna. Mercury. Cantharides. Natrum mur. Digitalis. Podophyllum. Helleborus. Rhus tox. Helonias. Sanguinaria. Todine. Pancreas. Arsenicum, Todine. Ether. Iris. Helleborus. Mercury. Helonias. Spleen. Arsenicum. Natrum mur. Cinchona. Ostrya. Eucalyptus. Phosphorus. Ferrum. Liver. Aloes. Tris. Arsenicum. Jaborandi. Aurum., Kali bichrom. Acidum nit. Kali brom. Chamomilla. Lachesis. Chelidonium. Leptandra. Cinchona. Lycopodium, Cocculus. Manganum. Colchicum. Mercury. Crotalus. Natrum mur. Croton tig. Ostrya. Cuprum. Phosphorus. Digitalis. Podophyllum. Dioscorea. Polyporus. Ether. Rheum. Eupatorium per. Sanguinaria. Helleborus. Sepia. Helonias. Sulphur. Hepar sulphuris. Veratrum viride. lodine. Kidneys. Amy] nitritum. Asparagus. Apis mellifica. Acidum benz. Arsenicum. Tris. Jaborandi. Kali brom. Kali chlor. Acidum salicyl. Belladonna. Kali bichrom. Camphor. Kali brom. Cantharides, Kali chlor. Chimaphila. Kali hyd. Cina. Kreosotum. Cinchona. Magnesia carb. Coffea. Magnesia mur. Colchicum. Mercury. Crotalus. Mezereum. Cuprum. Opium. Digitalis. Phosphorus. Dulcamara. Phy tolacca. Eucalyptus. Plumbum. Eupatorium pur. Pulsatilla. Ferrum. Sabina. Gelsemium. Sarsaparilla. Gummi gutte. Senecio. Helleborus. Sepia. Helonias. Tanacetum. Hyoscyamus. Terebinthina. Ignatia. Thuja. Iodine. Uranium. Jaborandi. Valeriana. Bladder. Conium. Secale. Nux vomica. Thuja Plantago. Ovaries. Apis mellifica. Lilium. Argentum. Magnesia carb.. Asafeetida. Magnesia mur. Aurum. Mercury. Belladonna. Moschus. Cantharides. Natrum mur. Cimicifuga. Nux moschata.. Cinchona. Nux vomica. Cocculus. Opium. Cotiea. Phosphorus. Conium. Platina. Ether Pulsatilla. Gelsemium. Secale. Graphites. Sepia. Hamamelis. Spongia. Ignatia. Stramonium., Iodine. Tanacetum. Kali brom. Thuja. Kali carb. Ustilago. Kreosotum Valeriana. Lachesis. Uterts. Belladonna. Graphites. Borax. Hepar sulphuris. Cantharides. Iodine. Caulophyllum. Jaborandi. Cimicifuga. Kali brom. Cocculus. Kreosotum. Coffea. Lilium. Crocus. Mezereum. Digitalis. Opium. Ether. Pulsatilla. Gelsemium. Sabina. 14 CLASSIFICATION. Secale. Thuja. Crotalus. Kreosotum. Sepia. Trillium. Croton tiglium. L&chesis. Tanacetum. Ustilago. Cuprum. Opium. Tarantula. Veratrum viride. _ Digitalis. Pulsatilla. Ether. Robinia pseudace. : Mamme. Eupatorium per. ee a Asafcetida. Iodine. a Peaine hee eee Belladonna. Jaborandi. Glonoine. Stramonium. Chelidonium Opi Gummi gutte. —-_Tabacum. | ; Jpium. I ert Ib Conium. Urtica urens. pecacuanha. eratrut alum, Helonias. Ustilago. Iris. Veratrum viride. Testicles. Intestines. Apis mellifica. Iodine. Zsculus hip. Iodine. Argentum. Kali brom. Aloes. Ipecacuanha. Asafeetida. Kali hyd. Antimonium tart. Iris. Aurum. Mercury. Arnica. Kreosotum Belladonna. Moschus. Arsenicum. Leptandra. Camphor. Nux vomica. Aurum. Lycopodium. Cimicifuga. Opium. Acidum mur. atrum mur. Cinchona. Phosphorus. Acidum nit. Nux vomica. Cottea. Pulsatilla. Acidum phos. Opium. Conium. Spongia. Belladonna. Ostrya Digitalis. Stramonium. Camphor. Petroleum. Ether. Tabacum. Cantharides. Phosphorus. Gelsemium. Tanacetum, Chamomilla. Phytolacca. Graphites. ae Chelidonium Plantago. Hamamelis. Ustilago. Cina. Platina. Helonias. Pinehony, Plumbum. Ooffea. Podophyllum Stomach. Colchicum. Dalpporus, Aconitum. Jaborandi. Collinsonia. Pulsatilla. Antimoniumcr. Kreosotum. Colocynthis. Rheum. Antimonium tart. Lachesis. Copaiba, Rhus tox. Arsenicum. Lycopodium. Croton tiglium. = Robinia. Aurum. ux vomica. Cuprum. ~ Rumex crispus. Acidum carbol. Opium. Digitaiis. Sabina. Acidum mur. Ostrya. Dioscorea. Secale. Acidum nit. Petroleum. Eucalyptus. Senega. Acidum phos. Phosphorus. Eupatorium per. Sepia. Belladonna. Phytolacca. Ferrum. Silicea. Carbo animal. Plumbum. Filix mas. Spigelia. Carbo veg. Podophyllum. Glonoine. Stanoum. Causticum. Pulsatilla. Graphites. Stramonium Chelidonium. Rhus tox. Gummi gutte. Sulphur. Cinchona, Robinia. Hamamelis. Tabacum. Coffea. Secale. Helleborus. Tanacetum Colchicum. Senega. Helonias. Terebinthina. Colocynthis. Sepia. Hepar sulphuris. Uranium Cuprum. Tabacum. Hydrastis. Urtica urens. Digitalis. Tanacetum. Hyoscyamus. Valeriana. Helleborus. Uranium. Ignatia. Veratrum album. Helonias. Veratrum album. Ignatia. Veratrum viride. Lungs. Ipecacuanha. Aconitum. Kali'hyd, Pneumogastrics. eee Lycopodium. i austicum. XN ercury. Aconitum. Cactus. Chelidonium. Mezereum Antimonium tart. Chloroformum. Cinchona. ux vomica. Arsenicum. Cinchona, Eupatorium per. Petroleum. — Acidum hydroc. Cocculus. Hamamelis. Phosphoru: Acidum salicyl. Coffea. Hepar sulphuris. Pulsatilla. Belladonna. Corallium. Ipecacuanha. Rhus tox. CLASSIFICATION. 15 Sanguinaria. Stillingia. Blood. Senecio. Tabacum. : 3 Senega. Terebinthina. Ammonium carb. Kali carb. Spongia. Veratrum album. Antimonium tart. Kali chloricum. Stannum. Veratrum viride. | Argentum. Kali hyd. Sticta. Arsenicum. Kreosotum. Acidum carbol. Lachesis. Heart. Acidum hydroc. Manganum. Aconitum, Gelsemium. —Acidumr mmr. Mercuri. Ammonium carb. Helleborus. ‘Acidutiv pio’ Nicvoniica: Amy! nitritum. Hyoscyamus. Ba ee : Phos horas, Antimonium tart. Jaborandi. Galenes Ph ealaers, : Arsenicum. Kali brom. Carbo ve; Plembum , Acidum hydroc. Lachesis. Cmalone Rhus tox. Acidum salicy]. Lilium. Crocus, Spongia. Bryonia. Nux vomica. Crotalus Sul hur. Belladonna. Gpium. Ferrum.. Tanantaild Cactus. Phosphorus. Helonias Terebinthina, Chloroformum. Rhus tox. Hepar sulphuris. Thuja i Cimicifuga. Sanguinaria. Taine l : Ja. Cone oe : ‘ollinsonia. pigelia. Conium. Spongia. Temperature. Crotalus. Tabacum. Aconitum. Eucalyptus. Cuprum. Tarantula. Amy! nitritum. Ferrum. Digitalis. Terebinthina. Antimonium tart. Gelsemium. Ether, Veratrum album. = Arnica. Hyoscyamus. Eucalyptus. Veratrum viride. Arsenicum. Ipecacuanha. 2 urum. Jaborandi. Arteries. Acidum salicy]. Kali brom. Aconitum. Todine. Belladonna. Sanguinaria, Ammonium carb. Phosphorus. Bryonia. Secale. Arsenicum. Trillium. Chloroformum. Stramonium. Belladonna. Ustilago. China. Veratrum album. Chloroformum. Veratrum viride. Copium. Veratrum viride. Crotalus. Digitalis. Veins. Vaso-Motor Group. Arnica. Millefolium. : Acidum fluor. Pulsatilla. oo ees Collinsonia. Sepia. Acidum hydroc. Nux vomica Crocus. Sulphur. Acidum salicyl. Opium. Hamamelis. Thlaspi. Belladonna. —« Sanguinaria Hepar sulphur. Ustilago. Calen dula. Stramonium. Hypericum. pei tian as * : ‘inchona. rillium. Cireulation. Coffea. Urtica urens. Aconitum. Digitalis. Crotalus. Ustilago madis. Amyl nitritum. Eucalyptus. Cuprum. Veratrum viride. Antimonium tart. Helleborus. Digitalis. Arnica. Hyoscyamus. Arsenicum. Ipecacuanha. Eyes. Aurum. aborandi. Acidum hydroe. Kali brom. Acidum salicyl. Hyoscyamus. Acidum salicyl. Sabina. Belladonna. _ Ignatia. Belladonna. Secale. Chloroformum. Jaborandi. Bryonia. Sulphur. Cina. Mercurius. Cactus. Tabacum. Cinchona. Natrum mur. Camphor. Terebinthina. Conium. Nux vomica. Chloroformum. Ustilago. Digitalis. Opium. Cimicifuga. Valeriana. Euphrasia. Plumbum. Cinchona. Veratrum album. Gelsemium. Pulsatilla. Cinnamomum. Veratrum viride. Hepar sulphuris. Rhus tox. 16 CLASSIFICATION. Secale. Tabacum. Muscular System. Senega. Valeriana. Pie 4 idlroita: Spigelia. Veratrum viride. pay ona oe oe Stamonium, Arsenicum, See Ears. Acidum hydroc. Eupatorium pur. ‘ Belladonna. Kali brom. Acidum salicyl. Pulsatilla. Bryonia. Plumbum. Cinchona. Silicea. Cactus. Valeriana. Hyoscy amus. Sulphur. Chloroformum. Veratrum viride. Nux vomica, Disinfectants. Oxidizing Disinfectants. Antizymotic Disinfect.nts. Chlorine and its preparations. Benzoic acid. Kreosote. Jodine “ « “ Borax, Salicine. Bromine “ “ “ Carbolic acid. Salicylic acid. Permanganate of Potassium. Caustic lime. Sulphate of Tron.. Ozone.” Chloride of Zinc. Sulphur. Cinchona. Sulphurous acid, Eucalyptus. Thymol. -Desulphurating Disinfectants. Metallic salts. Zinc salts. Lime. Absorbing Disinfectants. Charcoal, Chloride of Lime, Coffee. Aluminum. PHARMACOLOGY. As there is generally such an imperfect knowledge of pharmacy among the physicians of the Homeopathic school, from the fact that it is not generally taught in our colleges, and that none of our works on Materia Medica mention the subject, I have concluded to put in as brief a space as possible, a clear and concise state- ment of the principles of pharmacology peculiar to our school, so that the physician who chooses to prepare his own remedies will have in his hands a trustworthy guide to this end. I believe that no student in medicine should be allowed to graduate until he so understands the Homeopathic Pharmacopea that he can prepare his own remedies if necessary; and then he will be able to judge for himself whether a drug is prepared as it should be, and will not accept any remedy offered, because it is put up in an artistic bottle. The Homeopathic physician uses so little medicine, that it behooves him to have that which he does use, absolutely pure and perfect in every sense of the word; and that he cannot tell without some knowledge of pharmacy. The following is based upon the teaching of Hahnemann, Buch- ner, Gruner, and especially that of the Pharmacopwa Homeo- pathica Polyglotta, by Dr. Willmar Schwabe, of Leipzig. Chemical Preparations. The manufacture of these has been en- tirely omitted, for the simple reason that they can be produced much cheaper, and far better, from large Chemical manufactories that make a specialty of their manufacture. LABORATORY. The room where Homeeopathic remedies are prepared, includ- ing the cutting, pounding and triturating, should be protected from the rays of the sun, but should be light, airy, and dry; all ema- nations that might vitiate the air of the room, as dust, smoke, darnpness, and fetid smells, must be rigidly excluded. The strong- smelling substances used must always be prepared and kept separately. 18 PHARMACOLOGY. UTENSILS. Bottles. For neutral substances, bottles made of white flint glass are the best.’ For substances easily decomposed by sunlight, © amber-colored glass should be used, on account of the well-known x effect of yellow glass to prevent the action of the chemical rays ; or a still better way is to cover the bottles with a solution of asphaltum or black varnish. Suchremedies as the acids, Iodine, Kreosote, Chloroform, etc., must be kept in glass-stoppered bottles, and, to prevent the introduction of particles of glass ito the medicaments from friction of the glass stoppers, vials of hard | potash-glass should be used. Avoid blue-colored bottles, as blue has certain dynamic effects injurious to the remedies. Corks. These should be selected with great care, made of the best quality of bark, and as free from pores as possible. As soon as they shrink, or become soft, new ones should take their place. For distilled water, glass stoppers must be used, as corks soon mold, and render the water impure.. ¥ Mortars. These are made from iron, porcelain, and wedgewood. a For pulverizing very hard substances, a highly polished iron mor- tar, with pestle of the same material, should be used, and kept per- fectly free from rust, as rust decomposes a great many vegetable juices at once. Triturating mortars should be made of wedge- wood and large (the larger the better for the comminution of the drug), with a broad, flat bottom (if wider than the top so much the better). The pestle should also be thick and flat. To reduce the labor of triturating, a pole one inch and three-quarters in diame- ter, and four feet six inches long, is made of hard wood (maple or cherry), as pine is too light. In the lower end of this is bored a hole large enough to admit the pestle handle, four to six inches of its length. Around this hole is set securely a smooth iron ferrule. If the pole is too heavy, it will increase the labor of trituration ; if too light, the pestle will jump in its circuits around the bowl. The top of the pole should pass into a two-inch hole, made in the wall, or any contrivance that will hold the pole and allow a little motion. Now, if the mortar is made secure at a proper height for the oper- ator, the labor of triturating will be reduced fully one-half, and a four-fold better trituration be produced than can possibly be made in the same time by hand. Pharmacists should always keep a mortar for each substance. This should be imperative. As a rule, physicians keep but one, when they ought to at least always have three ; one made of poree- lain, for triturating strong-smelling substances; one for the mer- PHARMACOLOGY. 19 eurials, and the third for the balance of the remedies. The clean- ing of the mortar is simple enough when one is kept for each trituration ; but, when one or two are used for all remedies, hot and cold water, sand and the brush, should be most thoroughly applied, and in some cases nitric acid, to get rid of metals. Measuring Glasses. These lessen the labor of counting the ‘drops of strong alcohol and distilled water. Presses. These should be so constructed that they can be readily taken apart and cleansed most thoroughly. The plants and seeds that are to be pressed are inclosed in a linen bag, free from starch and bleaching materials, then subjected to the action of the screw press, and the juice runs into a suitable vessel below. No bag should be used for two different substances. Sieves. These should only be constructed of hair or silk; the hair for the preparation of tinctures, the silk for making tritu- rations. Spatulas and Spoons. These should be of horn or porcelain. Funnels. These should be made of porcelain or glass. Chopping Boards. These should always be of seasoned maple, perfectly sound and free from knots. Chopping-knife. This should be made of good steel, andalways kept well polished. Rust decomposes many vegetable juices in- stantaneously. Scales. Physicians’ scales should have three kinds of pans: Brass for prescriptions; glass, used exclusively for caustic and hygroscopic substances ; and horn for sugar of milk, poisons, and various substances. THE CLEANSING OF UTENSILS. The utmost cleanliness must be observed when making Homeo- pathic preparations. All utensils should be cleansed immediately after use. The mortar should be repeatedly scalded with boiling water, and in many cases the brush with sand should be used. After each scalding, it should be thoroughly dried, then after- ward placed in an oven and dried witha hightemperature. Glasses and bottles are to be cleansed in the same way, then rinsed with distilled water, and dried carefully in an oven with a moderate temperature. Glasses and bottles that have been used for a par- ticular remedy, however well cleansed, should never be used for another drug or preparation. The best way is to get your bottles new from the factory; then you have only to deal with dust, which is easily removed by shaking, cleaning with a small brush, and subsequent rinsing with alcohol. Corks should be first washed 20 PHARMACOLOGY. with distilled water in a hair sieve, then rinsed with dilute alcohol, and well dried. Boiling water or steam will ruin corks. True, they will look whiter; but they will become bulky, soft, and lose their elasticity, and soon fit {he bottle very loosely. The press should be cleansed immediately after use, most thoroughly, with cold and hot water, and well dried. TEMPERATURE. Extremes of temperature should be most carefully avoided. , The room where you keep and prepare your remedies should be of a moderately comfortable temperature; many of our mother tinctures will become turbid, with a muddy sediment, or form. crystals, by being exposed to great cold. On the other hand, too much heat is often injurious. Many physicians put their medi- cines upon hot mantels. A worse place can not be selected in the office. NEUTRAL SUBSTANCES. Distilled Water. Thisis prepared from rain-water, inan appa- ratus expressly designed for that purpose. Water being the great. solvent for almost everything, it behooves us to procure it abso- lutely pure. Common water is always impure, being charged with earthy matters, gases, etc.; and rain-water, after a storm, contains ammonia with nitric acid. Pure water should be without taste, smell, or color. The pharmacopeia directs that water be distilled in glass or porcelain stills. This is wrong;for the hot steam will dissolve the Silex, and this Silex will be shownas a cloud in the water after a few days. We should therefore use metallic stills. There is a metallic still with a receiver of block-tin, that answers a good purpose; but I like the one used in the Pharmacy of Boericke & Tafel the best. Itis a copper still, with the receiver and worm both lined with gold. This insures purity as far as this is possible. In distilling water, not over three-quarters of the water in the still should be used, and the first quart coming over. should be thrown away. The crucial test of your distilled water, is whether it keeps or not. Ifit has any kind of smell, or becomes turbid, it is unfit for use and must be thrown away. For organic matter a good test is Nitrate of silver. When water is treated with Nitrate of silver, if pure, it remains colorless, even in the sun-light. Abso- lutely pure water will keep for years,.if put at once into glass-stop-_ pered bottles, before spores and dust floating in the air can con- PHARMACOLOGY. 21 taminate it. If the common cork is used, it will soon mold and contaminate the water. Distilled water is used for many chemical purposes; for the solution and potentizing of triturations and salts, and especially for the potentizing of acids. Many of our remedies have to be run up through the first three potencies with water. Alcohol. This, like water, is seldom pure; for all the science and ingenuity of man have been taxed for its adulteration. The impurities most frequently found in alcohol are acids, chlorine or chlorine metals, water, and especially fusel oil, and many other impurities that are very difficult to detect. The presence of acids is detected by the use of litmus paper; chlorine metals, by the use of nitrate of silver; a few drops of a solution of this agent, will cause a white cloud, or precipitate of chloride of silver to settle. To detect fusel oil, add one-fourth or one-fifth of a solution of nitrate of silver; expose the mixture to the sun’s ravs. After a few days there will settle a blackish precipitate. The water is demonstrated by the use of the alcoholmeter. Alcohol, or spirits of wine, is always the product of art, and is formed every time that sugar comes in contact with a fermentable matter in water, at a suitable temperature; and it may be obtained from a great number of vegetable substances, such as wine, cider, malt, sugar-cane juice, grape dregs, pounded cherries, molasses, juice of carrots, beets, potatoes, honey, beer, and germinating cere- als. That made from rye or wheat is best for Homeopathic uses, and that found in the market must be most carefully re-distilled. Proof Spirit, as adopted by the United States, contains 50 per cent by volume of absolute alcohol and water, with a specific grav- ity of 0.985, at 15.55° C. (60° F.). Second proof is 524-per-cent alco- hol, specific gravity 0.981. Third proof, 554-per-cent alcohol, speci- fic gravity 0.925. Fourth proof, 58-per-cent alcohol, specific gravity, 0.920. The British proof spirit has the specific gravity of 0.920. Pharmaceutists buy the best Cologne Spirits, and re-distill it in stills made of copper, and lined with block tin. This still is placed in a larger tin or iron vessel, so arranged that the copper still is completely surrounded by hot steam, which causes the alco- hol to slowly evaporate through the long worm placed in a receiver so constructed that cold water constantly flows over the coil, and the alcohol is condensed and falls intoa vesselready to receive it. This still may hold four gallons of alcohol, and the first pint that flows through the still, and the last quart, should not be used. Pure alcohol is a colorless fluid, which must not lather when rubbed in the hands, and have no bad odor; the odor is penetra- 22, PHARMACOLOGY. ting, and the taste pungent. It burns with a whice flame at the aenter and blue at the edges, leaving no residue ; dissolves per- fectly in water; and, on account of its affinity for atmospheri¢ moisture, it evaporates rapidly. It has a specific gravity of flom 96 to 100; but for Homeopathic uses it is reduced to 83 per cent with distilled water; and in many instances this is too strong, as, for instance, in making many first dilutions, it has to be reduced to 50 per cent. The same may be said of tinctures. The great use: for alcohol with us is found in the manufacture of tinctures and dilutions. Sugar of Milk. This is a product of animal life, and consti- tutes a large percentage of the mother’s milk. For Homeopathic. | | uses it is principally manufactured in Switzerland, from goat’s milk, by inspissating and crystallizing the whey. That which comes to us ismore or less mixed with dust, soot, wood, etc., and has to un- dergo a further re-crystallization ; the large sticks are reduced to a coarse powder, and then boiled in double the quantity of distilled water. While boiling hot, it is filtered through white blotting- paper spread over a new linen cloth which is placed on an earthen vessel that is large enough to not only receive the menstruum of sugar of milk, but, in addition, as much strong alcohol as we have: used of water. These two liquids, as soon as they come in contact. with each other, cause the sugar of milk to be precipitated in sharp- | pointed crystals upon the bottom and sides of the vessel. This.. : process should be carried on at the lowest possible temperature, i to facilitate the precipitation of the sugar of milk. } After a few days the liquid is poured off slowly, then the sugar . is detached from the vessel, washed thoroughly with distilled water, spread in thin layers on clean paper over fine sieves, and dried, then - pulverized fine in an iron mortar, placed in well-closed glass or earthen jars, and set in a dry place, as, when damp, it becomes. musty. Sugar of milk is used for the manufacture of our triturations, making powders, and as a dietetic article. The marvelous sagac- ity of the mind of Hahnemann is seen in his selection of sugar of milk for the process of comminution of our drugs. No other known substance could equal the sharp, flinty crystals of sugar of milk in grinding to an inconceivably fine powder our hard miner- als, so that they can be most rapidly absorbed by the human body and thereby become our most potent drugs. Ether. This agent has not found as large a sphere of eau ness in our school as it deserves. The day is close at hand, when’ the ethereal tinctures of many substances will be prized as far PHARMACOLOGY. 03 superior to those of alcohol. The strong acids, fixed oils, balsam, several kind of resins, sulphur, phosphorus, bromine, and many hydrochloric salts are perfectly soluble in ether. It dissolves in ten times its weiglit of water; but, with alcohol and all the essen- tial oils, it unites in all proportions. Globules. These should be prepared from the purest cane sugar, and pretty hard.. The addition of anything, as starch etc., must be considered as an adulteration. They should completely’ dissolve in distilled water. Asadrug-medium, they are very use- fulin the Homeopathic school, and are used in ten different sizes. THE PROCURING OF MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. FRESH PLANTS. In collecting medicinal plants, it is very important that they should be gathered in localities to which they are indigenous; and particular regard should be paid to their surroundings. For ex- ample, plants whose natural habitat is in moist soil, will have their virtues greatly modified when growing in dry soil, and vice versa. The same may besaid about climate. Tropical plants will depreci- ate in a temperate climate, and vice versu. The same may be said of plants growing in calcareous soil; they will have their medi- cinal power greatly vitiated in a soil of rich loam. The same is true of plants that select sunny slopes; they will deteriorate in situations that are shady. Wild plants have proved to be far su- perior to those cultivated in gardens, and the cultivated plants never should be used if the wild ones can be procured. Plants cultivated in botanical gardens should not be used for medicinal purposes. Only healthy, strongly developed, perfect plants, free from all kinds cf dust, nests of vermin, etc., should be selected. Plants that through old age have acquired a woody consistence, ought not to be used. Plants should not be gathered immediately after a shower, or during the early morning dew, but in fine, sunny, dry weather. Neither should they be carried about much in the excessive heat of the day, nor should they be too closely packed. Plants which have the greatest degree of medicinal activity are those found in their natural places of growth, and are perfect plants. All sickly-looking, partially withered, or decayed plants or roots should be rejected. Narcotic plants should be gathered while in bloom; others just before, or when coming into, bloom. 24 PHARMACOLOGY. If the whole plant is to be used, it should be gathered when it is partly in flower and partly in seed. Flowers should be collected when they are just ready to open, or just opened. In some cases the buds are to be preferred to the expanded flowers. These should be collected when in a dry con- dition, free from dew or rain, being careful to pick off all foreign or decayed matter. All bugs, beetles, etc., if not taken out, will spoil the preparation completely. For example: Arnica flowers are so infested with a small insect, similar in its action to Cantha- vis, that they never should be used. The tincture of Arnica should be made always from the green root. Leaves should be gathered as soon as they are matured, before the fruit or seeds are ripened. Leaves from biennial plants, must be gathered only during the second year, as their leaves are not perfect the first year. These should be collected just before in- florescence. Berries, Fruits, and Seeds should be collected when fully ripe. Bulbs should be gathered as soon as matured, when the leaves begin to decay. Barks should be taken off late in the autumn, rejecting that infested by insects, and the dead epidermis; resinous barks, just before the development of the leaves. Body Wood, in the late autumn or spring, before the sap rises, or buds are developed, from a vigorous, healthy -tree, not too old or too young. This should be reduced to sawdust, shavings, or fine chips, being careful to have the tools used free from rust or grease. If the young shoots are the parts used, they should be collected in the late autumn. Roots. These should only be gathered in the autumn, after the leaves have fallen, if the plants are perennial. From biennial plants, in the fall or sprine of the second year. From annual plants, just before the seeds ripen. Dr. F. E. Boericke says: “Roots gathered in the fall will suit people with Allopathic notions in their heads better because they contain a minimum more of what is styled the active pzinciple. Imust saythat these old, hard, wooden rocts, as they are in the fall, present very little life. I think more of roots gathered in the spring, when they are full of sap, ready to start into new life and energy.” This is a good, practical hint. The Cleansing of Plants should be done by beating and brush- ing the dirt off. They ought never to be washed, excepting the ‘°° roots of water-plants, which may be washed freely. By means of a brush, we can remove all the dust and dirt, and everything that may cling to them. PHARMACOLOGY. 25 PREPARATION OF MOTHER-TINCTURES. The preparation of mother-tinctures as given by Dr. F. E. Boericke in his practical lectures on Homceopathic Pharmaceutics, . agreeing substantially with Dr. Willmar Schwabe, is given with so much more of the minutie and with such a masterly hand, that I have taken the liberty of copying it in full. He says: “Class I.—Your fresh plant or part of a plant is cut in small particles (with a well-polished steel knife, free from rust, on a well- cleansed chopping board), pounded in a wedgewood mortar, then placed in a clean new linen cloth, and the juice expressed by means of a press, or by wringing the cloth. Weigh the expressed juice, and add to it an equal weight of strong alcohol in a glass jar. Set this aside for a week, and then filter, when your tincture is ready. This is Hahnemann’s prescription for making essences ; and it has to be followed out with all plants, of which the proy- ings were obtained of preparations made as above, and may be done with all which are juicy. A great many tinctures of Euro- pean plants are prepared that way, and therefore have to be im- ported in that state of tincture or essence. “You will see that the juice of plants was considered by Hahne- mann to contain all the active forces of the medicine, and this constitutes the original drug; the alcohol is added only to make the preparation keep. The tincture, containing one part drug and one part alcohol, represents one-half of the original drug; and, in potentizing such a tincture, you have to take, for the first decimal preparation, twenty drops of tincture to eighty drops of dilute al- cohol, or, for the first centesimal preparation, two drops of tincture to ninety-eight drops of dilute alcohol,—i. e., half water and half alcohol,—in order tomake the first potency, in either case containing strictly one-tenth or one-hundredth part of the original drug. Mark, I say dilute alcohol, for if you take strong alcohol you will get a sediment, showing that some parts of the tincture are thrown down, whereas your potence must always contain all that is in the tincture. That such a sediment contains only starchy matter of no medicinal virtue, is no argument at all. The next potency may be prepared, like the rest, with strong alcohol. “Class IJ.—This includes, also, mostly European plants, but such as are less juicy, from which the juice has to be extracted by means of two-thirds of strong alcohol; the tincture of these . therefore also represents one-half of the original drug. [“The finely chopped plant, or part thereof, is weighed. We then take two-thirds, by weight, of strong alcohol, and moisten the chopped 26 PHARMACOLOGY. plant with as much of it as is necessary to bring the mass to a thick pulp, and stir it well. Then, adding the rest of the alcohol, the whole is mixed well together and strained (or pressed) lege artis, through a piece of new linen. The tincture thus obtained, after standing eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, is then filtered.”—Schiabe.] “There are only few in this class. The first potencies are made. in the same proportion as Class I.; that is, twenty to eighty for the first decimal, and two drops to ninety-eight drops for the first. centesimal, potency, but we take strong alcohol. “Class III.—This includes a great many remedies ; and it is this. slass with which we in this country have most to do, as all our American remedies are prepared in accordance withii. After having reduced the plant, or part of the plant, as before mentioned, and having weighed it, we add double the weight of alcohol to it. After two weeks the tincture is pressed outand filtered. It repre- sents the sixth part of the plant as the original drug (always con- sidering the juice of the plant as the original drug) ; and, in starting your dilutions, you have to take sixty drops of the tincture to forty | of alcohol for the first decimal, or six drops of tincture and ninety- four of alcohol for the first centesimal dilution. “Class IV.—All the dry substances [vegetable and animal}, such as we generally obtain from the trade, are prepared accord- ing to this class. Have your substance well powdered ox pounded, and, after weighing it, add five times its weight of alcohol. Let the well-closed bottles or jars stand for two weeks, pour off, press, and. filter, and your tincture is made. It represents the tenth part of the drug [and is the first decimal potency]; and, to make the first centesimal potency, you take ten drops of the tincture to ninety of alcohol. “There are yet some other vegetable products which come un- der neither class, such as the resins, Guaiacum, etc. After powder- ing them and adding nine parts of strong alcohol, they dissolve almost entirely; we therefore do not consider them as tinctures, but as alcoholic solutions, and treat them as the first decimal : dilutions from which further potencies are made. In preparing tinctures according to Classes III. and IV:, they should be well shaken two or three times. [These four classes will Le referred to in the first line under the name of each remedy.| “Animal Kingdom. The transformation of animal matter in- to remedial agents is done in the same way as with those from the lower kingdoms; i. e., either by trituration or by extracting a tinct- PHARMACOLOGY. 27 ure, and thus starting our potencies. In some cases, we make use of the entire animal, as with Apis mel. [ Hering saysit is foolish to take the whole bee, with all the foreign matters, which color the tincture, but the pure poison from the sting-sack is the only part that should be used, potentized in alcohol, or prepared in oil or glycerine for external use], Cantharis, and Diadema, of which tinctures are prepared according to Class IV. The excretory ani- mal products, as Musk, Castoreum, and Mephitis, are prepared also according to Class IV.; and of course their first potencies are pre- pared in accordance with the rule there given.” Trituration. This is a process by which drug particles are still further broken up and subdivided. By this method in Hom«o- pathic Pharmacy, not only are all substances made soluble, but. even inert substances in their crude state are developed into active: medicines, and every drug subjected to it is brought nearer to ani- mal life. Substances that are supposed to be insoluble are made: perfectly soluble in alcohol and water. This great discovery be- longs to Hahnemann, and is not yet fully recognized by modern science. Any coarse, dry substance, if triturated by itself, 1.e., without any admixture, can only be divided to a limited extent. At length it reaches a point, where, instead of further division, many of the particles unite again. To carry on the process of dividing and subdividing, and to prevent the particles reuniting, Hahnemann introduced that indifferent body, Sugar of Milk, and, with this, carried on the division until it could be continued no longer, because the dividing body, sugar of milk, had reached the limit of division. Then Hahnemann added more sugar of milk; and, through this addition, a still finer division was effected, until the limit was reached again, when another addition of this inert. substance was made anda further division was effected ; and so on, again andagain. The drug particles had now become so fine that. the heavy, gross particles of water or alcohol, prevented their set- tling down, and they floated through these media with as much ease as dust in a sunbeam, being now, it may be said, in a state of perfect solubility. But now let us see what our great leader Hahnemann has to say about the manner of triturating our drugs: “Of the so pulverized substances, you take one grain; Mercury may be used in the liquid state; of Petroleum, you take one drop: instead of one grain. Put this grain into an unglazed porcelain mortar. Then you take thirty-three grains of sugar of milk, and mix them with the drug by triturating the mass with some force for about six minutes by means of a porcelain pestle. Before you triturate, stir the mass for a little while with a spatula. Having: 23 PHARMACOLOGY. triturated the mass, you stir it again for about four minutes, scrap- ing up that part which covers the bottom of the porcelain mortar, and also that which adheres to the pestle ; then you triturate again with greater force for six minutes, without, however, adding any- thing new. This mass you scrape up again for four minutes, add another thirty-three grains of sugar of milk, stir the new compound for a while with the spatula, then triturate it for six minutes, scrape it up for four minutes, triturate again with great force for six minutes, scrape the mass up again for four minutes, then add the last thirty-three grains of sugar of milk, and with this last added portion proceed as with the two former. This powder you enclose in a well-corked glass, and mark it with the name of the substance, and the figure 109, to show that this is the one-hundredth potency of the substance. “Tn order to prepare the decree 1900000, or I, you take one grain of the degree 10000, and go through the processes of stirring and triturating in the same way as before, employing upward of an hour for the preparation of each different potency. “For the sake of establishing uniformity in preparing Homeo- pathic remedies, and especially the anti-psorics, I never carry the process of triturating above the millionth degree. From this degree [ derive the dilutions in their various degrees of potency. “For the process of trituration a certain force should be em- ployed; not so much, however, as to cause the mass to adhere too tenaciously to the mortar to be scraped up in the space of four minutes.” The introduction of the decimal scale, by Dr. Hering, has greatly modified trituration. The earlier Homeopathic physicians used a mortar about three inches wide; and now we use mortars from eight to twelve inches in diameter, and triturate from ten to fifteen hundred grains at once. Mortars for common use should hold about two quarts, then fifteen hundred grains can be tritura- ted nicely at one time. Decimal Scale of Trituration. This scale is made in the follow- ing manner: Weigh out three times three hundred grains, which makes nine hundred, of sugar of milk. Now take one hundred grains of the crude substance to be triturated and add to it the first three hundred grains ; triturate twenty minutes. Stir up the mass four minutes, then add the second three hundred grains, triturate twenty minutes ; stir again for four minutes, and then add the last three hundred grains, and triturate twenty minutes more, using considerable force, which completes the trituration. The centesimal scale is made in the same way as the above, with this difference, only ten grains of the crude drug are used to PHARMACOLOGY. 29 nine hundred and ninety of sugar of milk. I have found that the stirring-up and scraping process to free the drug from the mortar can be completely done away with by simply using a little alcohol to moisten the sugarof milk with. If this is done, trituration will be found to proceed with great facility and perfection. Triturations to be potentized should be carried up to the sixth decimal, or the third centesimal. And, as a general rule, hard substances are triturated more easily than soft ones. Zincum and Iridium are the hardest bodies we have to triturate; but they show finer and much more equal molecules than Graphites, Plum- bum and Mercury. If you wish to triturate Lead well, you will have to use your pestle very softly; and you must triturate Mer- cury, Graphites, and Lead double time when preparing the first. trituration. To triturate and preserve Iron in its metallic state, all moisture must be driven out by keeping the mortar continually warm. Hygroscopic salts—i. e., those which eagerly absorb moisture from the atmosphere ; such as Calcarea caustica, Kalicarb., Kali hyd., and Calcarea chlorata—will not keep well in trituration. Argentum nitricum can only be kept a few days in trituration before the Argentum decomposes the sugar of milk and it is destroyed. Potentizing. This is done by transferring triturations into liquid solutions, or potencies, in the following manner: Take ten grains of the sixth decimal trituration and ninety drops of distilled water, place them in a suitable bottle and shake thoroughly (the more shaking the better). This is called the 7th dilution (to dis- tinguish from trituration). Then take ten drops of this seventh dilution, place ina bottle and add ninety drops of pure alcohol and succuss the vial as above, which produces the 8th dilution. This can be carried on as noted above to any potency desired. To prepare the dilutions on the centesimal scale, we take one. grain of the third trituration, place it in a bottle of suitable size, add fifty drops of distilled water and fifty of alcohol, and succuss as for the decimal scale, and mark it 4th dilution. Of this fourth. dilution, take one drop, add ninety-nine drops of pure alcohol, and succuss as above; mark this 5th, and so on ad libitum. Bottles used in potentizing should not be more than two-thirds full. EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS. External Applications consist of cerates, glyceroles, liniments, ointments, lotions, plasters, poultices, etc., of which I will only mention a few, to give a general idea of their preparation. 30 PHARMACOLOGY. Simple Cerate. Take of lard eight troy ounces, and white wax four troy ounces, melt them together in a water bath, and atir constantly until cool. Cosmoline may take the place of lard, with many drugs. Arnica Cerate. Tincture of Arnica one ounce, simple cerate one pound; melt ina sand bath, and stir till cold. Many remedies can be prepared and used in this way. Afsculus Cerate. One ounce of tincture, simple cerate one pound, glycerine one ounce, white wax one ounce. Mix the tincture with the glycerine, put allin the melted cerate, stir till cold. Hamamelis, Lycopersicum, Urtica urens, Graphites, and many others, the same as A’sculus cerate. Ointments. These differ from cerates in being softer. Cosmo- line, or Petroline, as a base for ointments, prevents decomposition, and at the same time is more penetrating than the simple cerate. They can be used on the most delicate membrane. Many reme- dies can be introduced into dissolved cosmoline or vaseline, and should then be stirred until cool. Belladonna Ointment. Extract one part, to nine of wax oint- ment; thoroughly mix in a mortar, or by heat. Sulphur Ointment. Flowers of Sulphur one ounce, glycerine ‘one ounce, simple ointment fourteen ounces ; stir while cooling. Mercurial Ointment. Take twenty-four ounces of Mercury, twelve ounces of lard, twelve ounces of suet, and two ounces of Ether; triturate thoroughly. The metal will be readily ex- tinguished. Glycerine will do the same thing; keep cool. Calomel Ointment. One part of Mercury to nine of cosmoline. Red Oxide of Mercury, sixty grains, ointment four hundred and twenty grains; triturate thoroughly. Iodine Ointment. Iodine twenty grains, Iodide of Potassium four grains, lard one ounce. Rub the Iodine and Iodide of Potash with six minims of water first, and then add the lard until thoroughly triturated. Acetate of Lead Ointment. Take twelve grains of Lead to one ounce of Benzoated lard ; mix thoroughly. Glyceroles. These are readily made by triturating in a mortar undiluted glycerine with the desired remedy. Glycerole of Carbolic Acid. Take two ounces of Carbolice acid and one-half pint of glycerine. Mix. Glycerite of Borax. Take Borate of Sodium two ounces, and one-half pint of glycerine. Mivy. Glycerole of Hydrastis. Take Hydrastis tincture one ounce, glycerine four ounces. Mix. PHARMACOLOGY. 31 Glycerole of Starch. Take eight ounces of glycerine and one ounce of pulverized Starch. Triturate, then stir over a fire until - the starch granules burst and a clear jelly is formed. This is an excellent medium for many remedies, in the proportion of one drachm of tincture to the ounce of glycerole. Liniments are liquid preparations, generally oily or soapy, for external use. Linimentum Camphore. Take of Camphor half an ounce, Olive oil two ounces. Or, an ounce and a half of Camphor, two fluid drachms of Chloroform, and two ounces of Olive oil. Linimentum Saponis Camphoratum. Take of common Soap, ‘sliced, three ounces ; Camphor one ounce; alcohol one pint ; Oil of Origanum and Rosemary, each a fluid drachm. Digest the Soap with the alcohol, in a hot sand-bath, and then add the Camphor and oils. This liniment is sold under the name of Opodeldoc. For sprains, bruises, and rheumatic pains, it is very useful. Plasters are solid compounds, for external application, adhe- sive at the temperature of the human body, and are mostly com- posed of Olive litharge. They are prepared for use by spreading them upon linen, muslin, or leather. Adhesive Plaster. Take Lead plaster three pounds, melt over agentle fire, and add half a pound of Resin in powder. Mix. ‘This is the common adhesive plaster of the surgeon. Court-plaster. Dissolve isinglass in boiling water, then spread on oiled silk. It is better still if a little of the tincture of Benzoin be added. We use plasters of Belladonna, Arnica, Rhus tox., Aconite, and many other remedies. Collodium. This substance is a solution of Gun-cotton and Ether. When applied to the skin, it contracts and becomes very adhesive, tends to drive the blood from the. parts, and prevents its return;by doing so, it limits effusion and promotes absorption. It is eminently protective in its operation, entirely excluding the ‘part which it covers from the air, and is of great value in the treat- ment of many skin diseases, ulcers, and lacerated wounds. Be- fore its application the parts must be completely dried. After the first touch with the camel’s-hair brush, allow the Collodium to dry alittle before the second application. Fissures, especially of the nipples, are speedily cured with Collodium; the same with the stings and bites of insects. In dressing wounds, lint or linen eambric saturated with the liquid, should be laid on the coaptate-t parts. 82 PHARMACOLOGY. SACCHARATED EXTRACTS. A very valuable improvement has recently been introduced in Pharmacy by Prof. C. Gilbert Wheeler, of the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago, whereby we are able to procure a concentrated. preparation representing all the medicinal properties of the crude drug, free from its sterile and inert substances. These prepara- tions have been named by him Saccharated Extracts, for the rea- son that Sugar of Milk takes the place of the inert woody fiber, starch, gum, etc., of the original substance. The process consists in exhausting the crude drug completely and carefully in Alcohol, Ether, etc., then evaporating the perco- late to a solid extract. To this, sufficient Sugar of Milk is added to bring the mixture to the same weight as that of the crude ma- terial employed. The whole is now triturated to an impalpable powder, and the product is finished. During the operation, the yield of the solid Extract is noted, which must attain a certain fixed standard of percentage in relation to the crude drug. In the more powerful remedies, i. e., Aconite, Belladonna, Nux vom- ica, Veratrum viride, etc., an assay is made of their alkaloids, to. find whether they fully represent the standard adopted, made from the best article of the plant that grows; if not, they are: discarded as unfit for use. By these precautions, a more uni- form and reliable product is undoubtedly obtained,—a great. desideratum to the practicing physician; for tinctures, and espe- cially fluid extracts, are often found perfectly worthless. But, in these preparations, one grain of the Extract invariably represents one grain of the perfect crude drug from which they are obtained. A powder thus obtained, might be called a soluble drug of defi- nite strength and quality, free from the deterioration which all tinctures and fluid extracts are liable to undergo. In fluid prep- arations, particularly the more concentrated, a gradual precipi- tation takes place, so that the clear filtered liquid does not fully represent the remedy. Tinctures, although well made, will grad- ually become unreliable. These Extracts, so perfectly preserved by the antiseptic prop- erties of Sugar of Milk, are not only unchangeable, but very con- venient for making triturations, as they are the drug itself in a minute state of subdivision and in a soluble form; and, by their use, we can always know, with absolute certainty, just how much of the medicinal substance we have in our triturations. They have already received the sanction of high Homeopathic authority, and are being rapidly introduced to the profession. gdavnn PHYSIOLOGICAL MATERIA MEDICA. ACONITUM NAPELLUS. Wolt’s-bane. Habitat, Central Europe. Tincture of the fresh plant, Class I.; of Root, Class III. Antidotes.—Vegetable acids, Wine, Bell., Coff., Verat. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Aconite has nine special centers of action: I Hear. Inhibitory Paralysis; Blood-Pressure Lessened. II. Crrcunation. Vaso-Motor Paralysis. Ui. Temperature. Depressed, with Diaphoresis. IV. Cerresro-Spinau Nervous System. Paralysis. VY. Mucous Mempranes. Sthenic Inflammation. VI. Sromaca. Emesis; Congestion; Neuralgia. VIL Lunes. Centric Vagi Paralysis; Congestion; Inflammation. VII. TeEnpons anp Fisrous Tissues. Rheumatoid Inflammation. IX. Serous Mempranes. Plastic Inflammation. Heart and Arterial Capillary Blood-Vessels.—Toxic doses of Aconite paralyze directly the nervous ganglia of the heart, which are its rhythmically discharging centers, producing at first a reduction of the number of heart pulsations, and then an increased action, with evident loss of muscular power; finally, irregular systolic movements, with very long intervening pauses, ending in diastolic paralysis. Each individual pulsation is lessened until death, when the muscle of the heart will not re- spond to galvanic irritation, its contractility being destroyed. 84 ACONITE. Dr. Sydney Ringer says: “Aconite certainly affects either the muscular substance or the contained ganglia of the heart ;.on this point all observers are agreed; for Aconitia affects the heart after section of the pneumogastric, or the administration of Atropia, which paralyzes this nerve; and it affects the extirpated heart in the same way as it affects this organ in situ. It is main- tained, however, that it acts also through the pneumogastric ; Boehm and Wartmann believing that it paralyzes the termination of this nerve; Achscharumow, that it first stimulates the inhibi- tory center of the pneumogastric, and so slows the heart, and then the pneumogastric becomes exhausted and at last paralyzed, and then the heart beats quickly and irregularly.” “The action of Aconite upon the circulation is very decided. According to Dr. Achscharumow, in the frog a moderate toxic dose of Aconitia produces at first a reduction in the number of the heart’s pulsations, then an increase of rapidity of its action, with very evident loss of power, and finally irregular systolic movements, with very long intervening pauses, ending in diastolic arrest. Drs. Rudolf Boehm and L. Wartmann have confirmed these observa- tions. “In animals, the exhibition of Aconite in sufficient doses yields similar results. In the dog and cat, there is a steady sinking of the arterial pressure ; in the rabbit, this fall is preceded by a brief vise. The rate of the heart’s pulsation also undergoes reduction; and there is finally diastolic arrest in these and other mammals. “The method by which the Aconite influences the heart is not certainly settled. According to the experiments both of Boehm and Wartmann, it produces a gradual paralysis of the peripheral vagi; a constant increase of the intensity of a galvanic stimulation — of the pneumogastric nerves being required to influence the heart as the poisoning deepens, until finally the vagi entirely refuse to transmit any inhibitory impulse. “In a single experiment, Achscharumow found, that, after sec- tion of the vagi in the early stage of Aconite-poisoning, there wags an immediate rise, both in the number of the cardiac pulsations and in the arterial pressure. From these data he argues that the slow- ing of the pulse during the early stage of Aconite-poisoning, is due to stimulation of the inhibitory centers in the medulla oblongata. Boehm and Wartmann repudiate this conclusion ; because, accord- ing to their experience, the phenomena of Aconite-poisoning occur in the usual manner, after section of the vagi, or in the atropized - animals. It is evident that there is no necessary contradiction in the asserted facts of these observers, as it is possible that the slow-" ACONITE, 85 ing of the pulse may be due to two immediate causes, one having its seat in the medulla oblongata, the other in the heart. Although the explanation cannot be considered proven, it is probably correct ; as Lewin agrees with Achscharumow that there is a primary rise of the pulse when Aconitia is given after section of the vagi, but states that this rise is of very brief duration, and is soon followed by the usual reduction. It is very certain that Aconitia also influ- ences directly the heart, or its contained ganglia, for Achscharu- mow has found that it acts upon the frog’s heart removed from the body, and Liegeois and Hottot have observed the ordinary cardiac phenomena of Aconite-poisoning, produced by the alkaloid placed directly upon the viscus. Boehm and Wartmann have also noted that in Aconite-poisoning the force of the individual beat is lessened. After death the cardiac muscle fails entirely to respond to galvanic irritation, its contractility being lost.”—-Dr. H. C. Wood, Materia Medica. “Aconite is a protoplasmic Soisens and destroys the functions of all nitrogenous tissue; first of the central nervous system, next of the nerves, and last of the muscles; but it has an especial af- finity for the sensory apparatus, paralyzing first the sensory per- ceptive center, and, through this central nervous system, is a pow- erful depressant of the motor nerves and muscles. Aconite affects all the structures of the heart; first its ganglia, next its nerves, and last its muscular substance.”—Ringer. Upon the arterial capillary vessels, through the vaso-motor nerves and heart, we have paralysis, with its attendant congestion, and all the symptoms of inflammation, in all the tissues that have capillary vessels. Dr. Wood does not believe Aconitia acts on the yaso-motor nerves, but that it destroys the conducting power either of the afferent nerves or of the cord, so that in the animal under its influence no impulse can be transmitted from the periphery to the vaso-motor centers in the medulla; but Bartholow says it isa direct sedative to the vaso-motor nervous system. Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.—The action of Aconite upon the animal nervous system, is not fully settled. Liegeois and Hottot believe that it first paralyzes the perceptive centers, above the spinal cord, and afterward the terminations, and lastly, the trunks of the sensory nerves. Boehm and Wartmann conclude that Aconite first paralyzes the sensory and then the motor part of the cord. Achscharumow concludes that it paralyzes both the trunks and terminations of the cerebro-spinal motor nerves, but leaves the - muscles unaffected. 36 ACONITE. Dr. G. Hunter Mackenzie says: “Aconite’s action on the nery- ous system consists in first irritating, and secondly, paralyzing, the peripheral sensory nerves, and posterior roots of the spinal nerves. Increases the izritability of the peripheral motor nerves, and of the motor columns of the cord. Does not induce muscular paralysis, but, on the contrary, increases the irritability of the voluntary muscles, inducing convulsions, mainly augmenting the irritability of the anterior column of the cord, and the motor nerves and muscles.” “It may be considered settled that Aconite has no decided in- fluence upon the motor nerves. At the same time the poison would seem to have some such influence, because, when brought in con- tact with an exposed nerve, Aconitia rapidly destroys its functional. activity, and, after deathin the Aconitized frog, the motor nerves lose their irritability more rapidly than normal. Further, it should be noted, that, when in frogs the convulsions are very severe, the motor nerves seem temporarily to lose their functional power from exhaustion. “A very complete and beautiful investigation of the action of Aconitia upon the spinal cord has been made by Dr. Liegeois and M. Hottot. According to these observers, in Aconite-poisoning loss of sensibility occurs in the frog’s legs simultaneously with, or even before, the disturbances of respiration, and long before the power of voluntary motion is lost; and even when the reflex activity is intact. This sensory paralysis, according to the experiments of the French investigators just quoted, first appears in the hind legs of a frog poisoned with Aconitia, and has not its primary seat either in the peripheral nerves or in the spinal cord; for it was: found that tying the aorta close to its abdominal bifurcation, so as to prevent access of the blood—i. e., of the poison—to the pos- terior nerves, did not affect the development of the anesthesia! further, that closing the artery nearer its origin in such a way a8 to shut off the circulation to the cord and spinal nerves, but to allow the passage of the blood to the cerebrum, did not cause sen- sory paralysis to come on more slowly than normal in poisoning by Aconite. 4 “Of course, itis possible for the peripheral ends of the sensory nerves to be paralyzed either at the same time that the perceptive center is, or afterward; and, of course, the center being para- lyzed, it becomes very difficult to determine whether the periphery is or is not affected. Liegeois and Hottot assert that this paral- ysis of the center occurs before any serious implication of the peripheric nerves, because, after Aconitic anesthesia had been pro- ACONITE. 37 duced, Strychnia was able to produce tetanus; afterward, how- ever, the extreme peripheric nerves became affected, so that irri- tation of the skin in the doubly poisoned frog would not provoke convulsions, even at a time when irritation of the trunk of a nerve would produce general reflex motor disturbance. At last galvani- zation of the nerve-trunk itself failed to induce response. From these facts, Liegeois and Hottot deduce—very logically, I think— the conclusion that Aconite induces anesthesia by paralyzing, first, the perceptive centers; secondly, the peripheral extremities ofthe nerves ; thirdly, the nerve-trunks themselves. The observers alluded to also confirmed this conclusion by other experiments than those already noticed. They found, that, although Aconitia applied directly to a nerve-trunk paralyzes its sensibility, yet when the veins of a frog’s leg are tied and the alkaloid injected into the artery and allowed to penetrate the tissues of the leg, the skin loses its sensibility long before the nerve is affected. “Tn regard to motion, Liegeois and Hottot found, that, in a certain stage of Aconitia-poisoning, the frog les with his limbs extended, relaxed, and perfectly paralyzed, and yet is capable of executing vigorous voluntary movements, and evinces nearly nor- mal reflex activity. They attribute this condition of apparent but not real motor paralysis, to loss of sensibility from paralysis of the perceptive center ; as the unpoisoned frog evinces the same phenomena after division of all the posterior spinal roots. After atime the reflex activity is also lost, the power of voluntary movement remaining. Liegeois and Hottot believe that this loss of reflex activity is spinal; but, in their experiments upon the conjoint action of Aconite and Strychnia, it was found tbat at a certain stage, when no amount of irritation of a nerve would in- duce convulsions, a slight direct irritation of the cord would cause violent Strychnic spasms. This would seem to show that at least the earliest abolition of the reflex activity was due to pa- ralysis of the afferent nerve-fibers. “Insome particulars the researches of Liegeois and Hottot have been confirmed by the later studies of Dr. George Hunter Mac- kenzie. The persistence of voluntary movement, after abolishing reflex actions, which was first noted by Boehm and Wartmann, and afterward by Liegeois and Hottot, as well as by Mackenzie, proves that, at acertain stage of the poisoning, while the motor path- way from the brain along the anterior columns and the afferen’ - nerves is open, either the sensory nerves or the receptive centett - of the cord are paralyzed. The experiments of Liegeois and Hot . tot upon the joint action of Aconitia and Strychnia are also ac- 38 ACONITE. cordant with those of Mackenzie; for that observer found, that, when a nerve was protected from the poison by tying its supplying artery, irritation of it caused reflex actions when the remainder of the frog’s periphery was insensible; also that there is a stage of poisoning in which irritation of the extreme peripheral nerves fails to induce reflex movements, although such movements are called out by irritation of the sensory nerve-trunk; later, irri- tation of the trunk was powerless, while irritation of the posterior : columns of the cord still produced wide-spread movements. It must, therefore, be considered proven that Aconite paralyzes the sensory nerves, commencing at their peripheral endings, and that the loss of reflex activity is due, at least in great part, to such cause. “The supposed action of Aconitia upon a higher perceptive cen- ter is at present very doubtful. S. Ringer and R. Murrell (Journal of Physiology i., Nos. 4 and 5,) deny the accuracy of the delicate. experiments of Liegeois and Hottot. They affirm reflex action is. never maintained after abolition of sensation, and that Aconitia diffuses itself through the cellular tissue of the frog so rapidly as to throw doubt upon any experiments in which the progress of the power is supposed to be arrested by tying an artery. Curiously enough, Drs. Ringer and Murrell, while doubting the experiments. of Liegeois and Hottot, accept the conclusions founded upon these asserted erroneous experiments, seemingly because they them- selves have found that Aconitia causes abolition of reflex action more rapidly in brainless than in normal frogs. It is evident, that, if this asserted fact were true, it would in no way prove the conclusion of Liegeois and Hottot. Further, the experiments on brainless frogs were only three in number and it is perfectly pos- sible that the rapid reflex palsy was simply the result of batrachian idiosyncrasies. The only safe conclusion on the evidence, is that the evidence does not warrant any conclusion. “For reasons already given, the deductions are, however, now warranted by their premises. Allthe phenomena, except the final loss of voluntary power, are explainable by the action of the drug ‘upon the sensitive nerves. The final extinction of voluntary movement must be due to an action upon the motor tract of the spinal cord, as the peripheral motor apparatus is not distinctly: affected. Experiments by Mackenzie on frogs, have yielded ap- : parently contrary results to those of Boehm and Wartmann as to the effect of removal of the influence of Setschenow’s center upon the cord in Aconitized frogs. The difference probably depends: upon difference in the dosesemployed. Boehm and Wartmann distinctly state, that, when minute doses of Aconitia are employed, ‘ ACONITE. 39 there is a primary period of excitement of the spinal centers. Mackenzie has found, that the convulsions which are so severe in frogs after small quantities of Aconite, are chietly of spinal origin, but that the peripheral motor apparatus shares the stimulation with the spinal motor tract. M.Guilland also affirms this pri- mary stimulant spinal action. If it exists at allin mammals, it is in them completely masked. The convulsions seen in Aconite- poisoning in some mammals are cerebral, not spinal; as I have experimentally determined that they do not occur in those portions of the body separated by spinal section from cerebral influence. “As Boehm and Wartmann found that the reflex activity was lost more rapidly than the power of voluntary movement, and that no increase of reflex activity occurs in the Aconitized frog when the cord is cut so as to release it from the influence of Setschenow’s reflex inhibitory centers, they draw the conclusion that the Aconitia first depresses the reflex activity of the sensitive spinal centers, and afterward that of the motor spinal centers, until the cord is completely paralyzed.”—Dr. H. C. Wood. Aconite is a protoplasmic poison, and destroys the functions of all nitrogenous tissue; first, of the central nervous system; next, of the nerves; and, last, of the muscles; paralyzing first the sensory perceptive center; and, through this central nervous system, it is a powerful depressant of the motor nerves and muscles. Aconite affects all the structures of the heart; first its ganglia, next its nerves, and lastly its muscular substance. Upon the brain, we have intense hyperemia, from paralysis of the capillary blood-vessels ; as shown by the swollen face, blue lips, violent pain in the head; partial insensibility, delirium, mania, despair, whizzing noises in the ears, loss of sight, vertigo, anxiety, restlessness, etc. Vagi.—Upon the respiratory center, Aconite is a direct de- pressant and paralyzant. “Aconite acts very directly upon the respiratory centers; and this effect is not produced by any stim- ulation of the inhibitory fibers of the vagus, and so arresting the action of the discharging center, but by the effects upon the center itself, in the medulla. The respiration, when lethal doses are taken, becomes slower and deeper, until the respiratory center ic completely exhausted. We have then violent dyspnoea, inflam- mation and death. “The action of Aconite upon the respiration is very decided. In mammals, the respirations, under the influence of the drug, are slow, with a prolonged expiration following immediately upon 40 ACONITE. the inspiration. After the expiration there is a long pause. The whole breathing cycle resembles very much that occurring after section of the vagi; and, like the alteration in breathing after this section, seems to be due, at least in part, to paralysis of sensory or afferent fibers. The known influence of Aconite upon the pe- ripheral afferent nerves in general, suggests that the poison dis- turbs repiration by paralyzing the peripheral afferent fibers of the yagi. The evidence upon this point is somewhat contradictory, Mackenzie affirming, that, in the Aconitized animal, section of the vagi produces no effect on the respiration, while Boehm and Wart- mann affirm that Aconite produces its usual effect after division of the nerves. It is plain, that, even if the Aconite does paralyze the peripheral afferent vagi, it must also act upon the respiratory centers, since arrest of respiration could not be caused by afferent palsy. As the arrest occurs in the frog before the motor nerves are affected by the poison, Liegeois and Hottot believe that the disturbance is centric; and 1 think there can be no doubt that Aconite is a depressant and paralyzant of the respiratory centers.” —H. C. Wood. Serous Membranes.—Aconite affects especially the capillaries of serous membranes, producing paralysis and intense conges- tion, through a direct impression upon the retine of the cerebro- spinal and vaso-motor nerves supplied to them. Inflammation of serous membranes does not generally go on to ulceration, slough- ing and gangrene; but the fluid that is thrown out in the second stage takes on what is called “adhesive inflammation.” The fiuid effused undergoes such an organizing process as to glue the oppos- ing surfaces of the serous membranes together. As soon as the second stage, that of effusion, takes place in serous membranes, the usefulness of Aconite ceases, and Bryonia, Arnica, Sulphur, or some other remedy must be chosen; but, up to the stage of effusion, Aconite is the remedy par excellence. The inflammation caused by Aconite is rheumatic in character ; and most examples of inflammation in serous membranes are rheumatic in character; and this explains why Aconite is so useful in these inflammations. Tendons and Fibrous Tissues.—Aconite has a special and specific action on the joints, producing inflammation of a rheu- matic character; and no remedy will be so often ealled for in acute inflammation of the joints, especially if used locally as well as internally, prepared as an ointment, using from two to ten grains of Aconitia to the drachm of Cosmoline. eh i a ae a ACONITE, 41 Mucous Membrane.—In cases of poisoning with Aconite, in- flammation of nose, mouth, and fauces, is a striking effect of the drug. Salivation and vomiting are often well marked. This is accompanied with violent pains in the stomach, though rarely does it produce colic and diarrhea; but constipation is most fre- quent and marked. Results of autopsies: The lips, and mucous ‘membrane of the mouth and throat, are found to be destitute of epithelium, the mouth and fauces being intensely congested; the hyperemia often extending to the stomach and small intestines, ‘with here and there small patches of inflammation ; and, in a few cases, gangrene has been found. The liver, spleen, and kidneys are all engorged, and the bladder strongly contracted. Temperature.—Aconite first produces chilliness, more es- ‘pecially down the spine and sides, soon followed by general and constant burning heat, with elevation of the temperature ; this is followed by copious perspiration, from an increased flow of blood to the skin. In fatal cases of poisoning with Aconite, the tem- ‘perature has been found to fall three degrees; and, in acute inflammations with high temperature, no remedy will reduce the temperature with such certainty and rapidity. “Fothergill attributes the effect of Aconite and other cardiac depressants, on inflammation, to their influence on the vascular ‘system. It has been shown that the vascular system is always in a state of semi-contraction, and that, by paralyzing the vaso- ‘motor nerves, it is possible to double its capacity. Aconite dilates the arterioles, and greatly increases the capacity of the vaseular ‘system, and by this means drains blood away from the inflam- ‘mation; infact, this drug ‘bleeds the patient into his own ves- ‘sels.’ As the vessels leading to an inflamed organ are already paralyzed, Aconite does not augment the supply of blood to it ;” but, in medicinal doses, it stimulates these dilated arterioles, and ‘causes them to return to their normal state of semi-contraction, thus curing symptoms similar to those which it causes in toxic -doses. “Aconite slows and weakens the heart; hence, the circulation becomes less rapid, with corresponding decrease in its chemical changes; this diminished oxidation involving, of course, dimin- ished production of heat.” The heat is also diminished by radi- ation and evaporation from copious perspiration. Aconite often fails to produce perspiration in children; but, at the same time, the temperature is quickly reduced, by the action of this drug, in all synochal inflammations. 42 ACONITE. Therapeutic Individuality. Aconite is especially adapted to the first stage of all acute synochal and rheumatic inflammations, especially if brought on by sudden changes in the temperature, from warm to cold, windy weather ; sudden congestions and inflammations, with full, bound- ing pulse; great heat; restlessness; thirst, and great nervous excitability, with anguish of mind. “Aconite produces, so far as we know, almost no localized. diseased condition. Even when given in large and fatal doses, it, acts as a depressant, paralyzing the cerebro-spinal nervous sys- tem; but it produces death by this paralysis, and without previ- ously localizing its action in any organ or system. It gives. evidence of no dyscrasia. Its action bears no resemblance to that, of the poison which produces any of the miasmatic diseases, such as the exanthemata, typhus, intermittent, remittent, or continued fevers. Neither does its action, from beginning to end of a fatat case of poisoning, resemble the well-defined course of any local, acute inflammation, as of the brain, heart, lungs, pleura, etc. “Yet, in all these pure inflammations, there is a period in which. Aconite is indicated, and will do an heroic work ; for every one of these inflammations which eventually become localized has a first. stage which consists of arterial excitement, and which is prior to that stage that is characterized by change of function and of tis- sue and by local deposit. This stage is that in which Aconite plays so important a part, and in which, if promptly and ju- diciously employed, it may arrest and cut short the entire disease... “Thus it may be employed in meningitis, ophthalmia, tonsil-_ litis, croup, bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary congestion, and. hemoptysis, pleuritis, pericarditis, endocarditis (and as a pallia- tive in hypertrophy), gastritis, peritonitis, acute rheumatism, neu- ralgia supra-orbitalis ; but only when the moral symptoms named. by Hahnemann, are present.”—D. When an inflammation has passed from the stage of arterial excitement to the commencement of suppuration, the usefulness of Aconite ceases, and another drug, like Bry., Bell., Rhus tox., Hep., Sil., or Merc., will have to be selected. “This is in entire harmony with Hahnemann’s urgent admo- nition to heed what he regarded as the great characteristic indi- cation of Aconite ;—“the anguish of mind and body; the restless- > ness; the disquiet, not to be allayed.” This state of mind and body accords precisely with the general phenomena of that arterial’. excitement which attends the invasion of an acute inflammation? ACONITE. 48 while the localization of the inflammation and the occurrence of exudation are marked by a subsidence of this general anguish; symptoms of local organic embarrassment being substituted for it, and the general constitutional symptoms being rather those of exhaustion and depression.”—D. “Aconite may be called for in the first stage of every acute inflammation ; but remove from the mind the idea that it cures all inflammations; e. g., in the second stage of pneumonia it is good for nothing. How shall we know the stage that calls for Aconite in these acute inflammations? By the symptoms which are char- acteristic of Aconite ; viz., the heat of surface, or external cold and. internal heat; thirst; quick, excited but not hard pulse; copious sweat, with burning heat; and, above all, anguish and restlessness. of mind and body, tossing which will not be quieted, foreboding: and anticipation of death.”—D. Fear is one of the most prominent symptoms in the whole pathogenesis of Aconite. “Great fear and anxiety of mind, with great nervous excitability; afraid to go out, to go where there is any excitement or many people, or to cross a street. His life, in fact, is rendered miserable by this all-pervading fearfulness ; even the countenance expresses this fear.”—G. “Fear of death, predicts the day he will die; is alarmed, and sure he will die, although there is no occasion for it; great fear, during pregnancy, that the child will be deformed, or that she will die.”—-G. “Moaning, anxious lamentations; reproaches from trifling causes ; delirium, especially at night, raves, springs out of bed; in the morning excessive sweat.”—Hg. “Restlessness, agony, internal anxiety ; does everything in great haste; must move about or change position often.”—Hg. “Music is unbearable, it makes her sad; has no affection for: anybody, especially during pregnancy.”—Hg. “On arising from a recumbent posture, the red face becomes: deathly pale, or he becomes dizzy and falls over; he fears to rise again; often accompanied by vanishing of sight or unconscious- ness.” —Hq. “Aconite produces a well-marked vertigo, a sensation of sway- ing to and fro in the brain. This is increased by stooping, and by motion generally, especially by suddenly rising from a recum- bent posture. Sometimes vision is obscured by it. In connection with these symptoms, a bursting headache, accelerated pulse and internal heat of the head, with at the same time perspiration of the head and thorax.”—D 44 ACONITE. “Burning headache, as if the brain was agitated by boiling; fullness and heavy feeling, as if everything would push out of the forehead ; congestive headache; sun-stroke; as if the brain was moved or raised; worse during motion, drinking, talking, or in sunlight ; congestion, anxiety ; face hot and red, or pale ; carotids pulsate strongly; pulse full, strong, or small and quick; worse toward evening; apoplexy.’—Hyg. Headache as if everything would come out of the forehead, with vertigo on rising, with fainting and pale face. “The headache is characteristic. Heaviness and pressure in the forehead as if there were a load pressing outward, as if it would all come out there ; throbbing, with internal soreness and pressing outward. Its location is in the forehead and temples, involving the eyes andupper jaw. It is aggravated by motion, stooping, and noise, and relieved by repose. Head and face are hot, especially internally, and covered with hot perspiration.” —D. Scalp very sensitive to the touch; bends the head far back. Eyes.—Acute conjunctivitis, or rheumatic ophthalmia; eyes excessively painful, feeling as if some foreign substance had lodged in them. “Sensitive to light, especially of the sun; light dazzles the eyes; pupils contracted, then dilated ; eyeballs feel too large.”—Hg. “In earlier stages of violent acute inflammations of the deep structures of the ball, when it becomes sensitive to touch and feels as if it were protruding; rarely after exudation.”—Hg. “Aconite is the remedy for inflammations which are very pain- ful, with heat and burning, as well as dryness ; inflammatory con- ditions resulting from irritant action of foreign bodies, as chips of steel, stone, or coal, in the cornea, which produce dry rubbing of the lid over the ball, with injected vessels; irritations caused by ingrowing lashes; catarrhal inflammation, first stage, prior to exudation ; chemosis of conjunctiva, with pain so terrible that one wishes to die; in acute aggravations of granulated lids and pannus of the cornea, with excessive hyperemia, heat, and dryness, especially if the aggravation be induced by overheating from vio- lent exertion, or by exposure to dry, cold air ; in true sclerotitis, acute stage, with contracted pupils, sticking or tearing pains, pho- tophobia, a blue circle around the cornea, and violent aching in the balls (compare Spigelia).”—A. and N. “Lids feel dry, burn, and are sensitive to the air ; hard swollen, red, with tense feeling; worse mornings.” —Hg. ACONITE. 45 Ears.—Most of the ear symptoms are indicative of cerebral disturbance, but some are idiopathic. “Averse to noises ; they startle him, and are intolerable; music goes through every limb, makes her sad ; roaring, humming; ring- ing in the ears.”—Hah. Stinging in the ear; meatus red and narrowed, with violent earache. Use the tincture heated, and drop in the ear, as well as the dilutions internally. Erysipelatous inflammation of the ears. Nose.—“Sense of smell very acute, especially for unpleasant odors.” —Hq. Dry coryza, from sudden changes of temperature, with fever, thirst, and great restlessness; cannot breathe through the nose. Plethora, with nosebleed; blood bright red, with headache, Face.— Anxious or frightened expression. “Face burning, fiery red amd bloated; feels as if it was too large.”—Hg. “Face pale, with restlessness and an expression of anxiety; face dark red in apoplexy.” —Hg. “Neuralgia of the trigeminus, left side ; face red and hot; rest- lessness, anguish; rolling about, screaming.”—Hg. (Tincture locally.] Mouth.—Burning, tingling sensation, extending along the dorsum of the tongue, and along the fauces, down to the stomach, with tingling in the lips, tongue, fauces, fingers, and spine. Everything tastes bitter, excepting water; or the mouth tastes foul, flat, and nauseous. Tongue coated white, or thick yellow, with unquenchable thirst. “Tongue red and dry, with great thirst; sensation of dryness and rawness in the middle of the tongue; tongue swollen.”—Hg. “Trembling and temporary stammering of the tongue.”—Hg. “Toothache, from cold, dry winds, especially in young, plethoric people, with throbbing in one side of the face; teeth sensitive to cold air; intense redness of the cheek, congestion of the head, and great restlessness.”—Hg. “Constantly moving the lower jaw, as in chewing ; meningitis.” -—Ha. Mouth and lips dry and burning, with much thirst. Throat.—The symptoms of the throat, both objective and subjective, show inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 46 ACONITE. throat, tonsils, fauces, and pharynx. Rough and scraped sensa- tion, with redness of the whole fauces. “A cute inflammation of the throat (palate, tonsils, and fauces), with high fever, and dark redness of the parts; burning and stinging in the fauces; feeling as if a stick had stuck in tne throat.” —Hg. ; No remedy is more valuable in all acute inflammations of the throat. : Appetite.—Unquenchable thirst, and frequently excessive hunger, in first stages of all local inflammations. “Desires wine, brandy, beer, and bitter drinks; no appetite; loathing of food, qualmishness.”—Hg. Great thirst, and, though he can not retain fluids in the stomach, yet will always drink; then up it comes as from a pump, - all up and out in a very short time, before a basin can be pro- duced. ”—G. ; Stomach.—The majority of the stomach symptoms are a result of derangement of other organs, especially cerebral dis- turbance. Bitter, bilious vomiting, with anguish and cold perspiration. “Vomiting of lumbrici; of bile; of green masses, with green stools; of mucus; of blood and mucus, with anxiety and great thirst ; vomiting and purging of green water.”—Hq. “Sudden excruciating pain, with gagging, retching, vomiting ot blood, gasping; cold sweat on the forehead; congestion of the mucous lining of the stomach; scarlatina ; burning from stomach up to the mouth; pressure in pit of the stomach, as from a stone.” —Hg. “Heaviness in stomach and hypochondria; after repeated vom- itings, there still remains a sensation as if a cold stone lay in the stomach.”—D. “Burning in the stomach and umbilical region, extending to the epigastrium, with throbbing; chills and fever.”—D. Inflammations brought on from ice-water, ice-cream, etc. Hypochondria.—Acute inflammation of the liver, with burn- ing, stinging pains; pressure and constriction in the liver, hypo- chondria tense and swollen, with oppressive breathing. Pain going from liver to stomach; stitches in the liver, and jaundice. “Jaundice during pregnancy; after fright; from cold, with catarrh of the small intestines; acute hepatitis, with high fever.” —Hyq. Inflammation of the spleen with inflammatory fever. ACONITE. 47 Abdomen.—Enteritis or peritonitis, with high fever; sharp, cutting pains in the whole abdomen, which is very tender to the touch; abdomen much swollen after scarlatina, with general anasarca. Use the tincture. It will cure most cases of dropsy after scarlatina, where the kidneys are involved. “Abdomen burning hot, tense, tympanitic, sensitive to the least touch; cutting pains; fever and great anguish; meteorism, vom- iting, inability to urinate; peritonitis.”—Hg. “Colic forces him double, yet relieved in no position ; involving the intestines and bladder; constant desire to urinate.”"—Hg. . “Hernia, recent and small; incarcerated, with bilious vomit- ing, cold sweat; burning as from coals of fire.”—Hg. The mucous membranes of the intestine, peritoneum, and liver, are highly inflamed by Aconite,—as shown by post mortems. Stool.—“Green, watery diarrhea, like chopped spinach.”—G. “Bilious diarrhea of infants, with colic which no position nor circumstance relieves.” —G. First stages of acute bowel discases; stools watery, dark colored, slimy mucus; bloody, small, and frequent; after sudden cold changes of temperature; great thirst and fear of death. Dysentery, with high, synochal fever; great fear and restless- ness, accompanied with cutting, lancinating, burning, and tearing pains in the abdomen; stools of mucus and blood. “Dysentery or inflammatory diarrhoea during hot days and cold nights ; urging ; slimy stools ; intolerable nightly tingling and itching in the anus.”—Hg. Hemorrhoids, with acute inflammation ; excessively sensitive ; or bleeding piles of bright red blood. Hemorrhage from the bowels, blood bright red. Urinary Organs.—Well-marked irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urinary tract; urine red, scanty, or retention of urine, with great restlessness and anxiety from sudden changes from hot to cold. “Retention of urine from cold, particularly in children, with much crying and restlessness.” —G. “Renal region sensitive, with shooting pains; violent burning in the bladder; inflammation of the bladder; constant urging, water passes in drops, with burning, mixed with blood; heat and tenderness over the pubes; painful, anxious urging to urinate; burning in the urethra when urinating; children put their handg to the genitals and cry out.”—Hg. “Hematuria, with hemorrhoids of the bladder.”—Hg. 48 ACONITE. Sexual Organs, Male.—In all acute inflammations, especially the first stage of gonorrhea, we have no drug that will equal. Aconite. Iuse the tincture in water locally, and give the tincture of the root in from one to three drop doses every two hours. In acute orchitis; high fever, with tearing or bruised pains in the testicles; from cold or gonorrhea. (Internally and locally.) “Tnereased sexual desire; lascivious dreams; or sexual desire lessened; parts relaxed; tingling, ete.”—Hg. Sexual Organs, Female.—Suppression of the menses, from fright, or cold. Ovaritis from sudden check of the menstrual. flow, or cold. ; “Menses too late, diminished and protracted; menses sup- pressed from wet feet or cold bath; restores the menses of ple- thoric women when checked from any cause.”—Hg. In plethoric women, profuse catamenia; uterine hemorrhage very active; fear of death, and great restlessness. Amenorrhea in plethoric femaies ; nosebleed, with palpitations of the heart. Inflammation of the genitals; vagina dry and hot and sensitive. Prolapsus of the uterus, with acute inflammations and great anxiety; labor-like preasing-down 1 in the uterus; dys- menorrhea. Pregnancy.—Great restlessness and fear of death during labor, is sure she will die; tedious, difficult labor; vagina hot and dry, and the os uteri tender and undilatable. “Violent labor-pains, in rapid succession; contractions insuf-. ficient; red, sweating face, and great thirst. ”_ Hy, ’ After- -pains very severe; last too long, with great rostlessnsatg Milk fever; mamme hot, hard, tense, with scanty milk; fever, with delirium and great anxiety. “Childbed fever, after suppression of lochia, mamme lax, no milk; dry, hot skin; hard, frequent pulse, or tensive, contracted; fearful; wild, staring, glittermg eyes; dry tongue, great thirst; inflated abdomen, sensitive to the slightest touch.”—Hg. [(Lo- cally and internally.] Puerperal convulsions, from fright ; great cerebral excitement; hot, dry skin, thirst, restlessness, and fear of death. Acute puerperal peritonitis. (Locally and internally.) ' Respiratory Organs.—Croup, brought on by sudden change of temperature from warm to intensely cold weather. “First stage of croup, with dry, hoarse cough and loud breath- ing during expiration, but not during inspiration: every expira- ACONITE. 49 in first sleep, particularly with children, after dry, cold west winds.” —G. “Short, dry, titillating cough, every inspiration seems to in- crease the cough; child grasps at his throat after every coughing fit."—G. ’ In sanguine, plethoric temperaments, where the primary or inflammatory stage is not passed if there is high fever present. It suits a loose as well as a dry cough, but, as a rule, will be found to act best where there is a dry cough, aggravated at night. In dry bronchial catarrh, in its most obstinate form, Aconite is the most reliable agent we have, where there are long fits of dry morning and evening cough, so trying to the patient, from their every-day recurrence. “Where the left lung is most involved, and the pleura is at the same time implicated, manifested by a sharp, stitching pain on breathing, and the cough, which would be very hard were it not suppressed on account of the pain, is almost dry, it being ex- tremely difficult to raise anything. The little that is brought up is tenacious, falling in a round lump, and of a dark cherry-red color. Aconite 30th is assuredly the remedy.”—Dr. C. Pearson. “Pleurisy and pneumonia, with great heat, much thirst, dry cough, and great nervous excitability; quick, anxious, labored, sobbing; stitches through the chest and side, especially when breathing and coughing.” —Lippe “Laryngitis, larynx sensitive to touch and to inspired air, as if denuded, with inflammatory fever, and sometimes suffocative spasms of the glottis.”—Hg. “Cough, clear, ringing or whistling; short, dry, loud, forcible, spasmodic, or suffocating, with rust-colored expectoration.”—Hqg. “Stitches in the chest hindering respiration; can not breathe freely, in consequence of a sensation as if the lungs would not expand; the child has much oppression of the chest, anxiety, can searcely cough, the suffering is so intense.”—G. “Asthma from active hyperemia of the lungs and brain; face red, eyes staring; feeling of a band round the chest; muscles of the chest are rigid; agony, sits up in bed, can hardly breathe ; pulse like a thread ; vomiturition ; urine scanty, dark ; sweat with anxiety ; after the paroxysm, has white, yellow, or blood-streaked sputa.”"—Hg. ; Hemoptysis ; the blood comes up with great ease by hemming and hawking, of a bright red color, and in large quantities ; from exercise or cold, dry west wind; with great fear and anxiety of mind, and palpitation of the heart. 50 ACONITE. “Expectoration of bloody mucus, with cough. There is almost always a tingling sensation in the chest after coughing. There may be stitches in the chest and side, which are often so severe as to interfere considerably with respiration; can only get half- inch respirations.” —G. Burning in the lungs from inflammation of the bronchial mu- cous membrane. In pneumonia and pleurisy, compelled to lie on the back. Heart.—Great anguish and palpitation of the heart; pulse hard, strong, and full, in inflammations, with great thirst. “Anxiety about the precordia ; heart-beats quick, strong, and powerful; or like a thread, weak, quick, hard, and small, with great fear of death.”—Hg. Apoplexy with hard, full pulse; carotids beat violently. In peritonitis, the pulse is quick, hard, and small. In meningitis, strong, full, rapid pulse. Angina pectoris, feeble pulse, cold sweat, and great fear of death. Pericarditis, pulse hard, strong, and contracted. Rheumatism, heart greatly agitated, etc. Fever.—Synochal fever, with full, bounding pulse, great heat, restlessness, unquenchable thirst for large quantities of water, with great nervous excitability; great heat, and agony; craves a large amount of cold drink. “Chill, skin cool, cold to the touch ; ascends from the feet to the chest; formication between the shoulders and down the back; finger-tips cold, nails blue, worse in a warm room; cold chills, with rigors and goose-flesh; worse at rest, relieved by motion."— Hg. “Alternate heat and chill at night; restless, wants to uncover, yet chilly therefrom ; face hot, hands and feet cold.”—Hg. “Dry, burning heat; fever unbearable toward evening and after getting into bed; great thirst; hard, full, frequent pulse’. anxious, impatient; beside himself, tossing about with agony.”—_ Hg. “Inflammatory fevers and inflammations, with much heat; dry, burning skin ; violent thirst ; shortness of breath, and great nervous anxiety."—Hq. ° Copious, profuse, free sweat; the covered and affected parts perspire copiously ; worse while sweating, but better afterward; profuse sweats generally relieve, especially so in rheumatism ; can not hear to he envered. . ACONITE. 51 Skin.—Acute erysipelas, with synochal fever; skin red, hot, and swollen, with much pain; anxiety, and great restlessness. Scarlet rash, with fine, red eruption; high fever; great rest- lessness and anxiety; nausea and vomiting. Especially suited to the first stage, before the eruption appears, but is my leading remedy throughout the disease, unless the throat symptoms are very severe, calling for Belladonna or Rhus tox. No drug can equal Aconite for the dropsy following, with renal congestion and great anasarca; but it must be given in the tincture. Skin dry, hot, with fine prickings, as from needles; all degrees of incomplete anesthesia. Measles, red miliary eruption; dry, barking cough; eyes red, can not bear the light; painful hoarseness; restless moaning and lamenting; tongue red; fever extremely high. Jaundice, especially during pregnancy. Neck and Back.—Painful stiff neck, with tearing pains, worse from motion; pains down the neck to the right shoulder.”—Hyg. “Crawling in the spine, as from beetles; formication; high fever ; numbness of the small of the back, extending into the lower limbs. Spinal meningitis.”—Hg. “Pain in small of the back, especially at the last lumbar verte- bre, as if beaten; spasms from inflammation of the spine.”—Hg. Arms.—Much numb, tingling sensation in the back and in the fingers, from irritation of the sentient nerves. “Numbness of the left arm, can hardly move the hand.”—G. “Arms hang powerless, as if paralyzed by blows; meningitis. Paralysis of the wrists ; creeping pains in the fingers ; hot palms ; hands icy cold; cold, sweaty palms.” —Hg. “Painful sensitiveness of any part of the body ; does not wish to be touched, on account of this sensitiveness ; of course, he will be irritable, and fearful of any one approaching him.”—G. Lower Limbs.—“This remedy is frequently indicated when there is a great and sudden sinking of the strength; but here we mustlook to the mind. If we find cheerfulness and content, with no alarm, Aconite is not the remedy; but, if we find great alarm at this sudden sinking, study Aconite.”—G. “Hip and hip-joint (left) swollen, hot, and exceedingly painful to touch; fear, great thirst; anxious; acute rheumatism.”—Hyg. “Legs feel powerless; tired; shooting, tearing pains in legs, knees, ankles, and toes; knees swollen; painful, throbbing, cut- ting pains, can not sleep; acute rheumatism.”—Hg. 52 ARSCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM. “Legs stiff after taking cold; legs and feet numb ; tingling, go to sleep while walking.” —Hq. “Coldness of the feet and ankles; toes cold and sweaty.” —Hy. Of great value in rheumatic inflammation of the joints; the parts are swollen, bright red, and shining; sensitive to the. least contact; high fever; worse evening and at night. Also for mus- cular rheumatism, convulsions of children, especially when teeth- ing; child bites at his fist; frets constantly; anxious, and worse at night. Aconite is of great value in neuralgia, with congestions, especially if caused by cold, dry west winds, or checked perspira- tion. Used both locally and internally. To enumerate the diseases for which’ Aconite is suitable would be to mention the acute inflammations of every possible tissue and organ in the body; but the inflammations to which it is par- ticularly suitable are those of all the serous membranes, the mu- cous membranes, muscular substance, joints, tendons, and liga- ments. In all active hemorrhages. In acute neuralgias, with active congestion. In acute rheumatism and all exanthematous fevers. 4 Aggravation.—In the evening and night the pains are insup- portable; in a warm room; from motion; when arising in bed; from tobacco smoke ; can not lie on the left side in chest affections, nor take deep inspirations. 4 Amelioration.— During the day ; in the open air; after perspi- ration ; rheumatism during rest ; washing in cold water ; and from acids, wine, and coffee. ZESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM. Horse Chestnut. Habitat: Europe, Asia, America, etc. Tincture of the ripe, fresh nut, Class III.» Through the cerebro-spinal system, Aisculus has one special cent: of action : I. Coton, Rectum, anD Anus. Congestion, Hemorrhoids. Colon and Rectum.—Through the lower spinal column, Hscu- lus produces portal congestion, which reacts upon the colon and rectum, producing catarrhal inflammation ; the parts are dry and. swollen. The hemorrhoidal vessels become intensely congested, ZESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM. 53 the rectum and anus violently inflamed, producing piles in their most aggravated form. The filaments of the motor nerves that emanate from the lower ‘portion of the spinal cord, and are distributed to the mucous mem- brane of the colon and rectum, have their functions paralyzed so as to entirely suspend the secretions of the mucous follicles, producing constipation and white-colored stools. Therapeutic Individuality. Especially adapted to people subject to hemorrhoids from portal congestion. Constant severe aching pain in the sacro-lumbar region, as if the back would break; from hemorrhoids and spinal exhaustion. Large hemorrhoids that quite block up the rectum, not in- clined to bleed, but especially painful; excessive dryness of the rectum and anus, with a feeling as if it had been filled with sticks. “Dreadful pain in the anus; could not sit, stand, or lie down. The pain was like a knife sawing backward and forward; almost martyrdom for agony.”—Hughes. Hemorrhoidal tumors protrude from the rectum ; are of a blue, purple color, with sharp, shooting, cutting, burning pains; ac- companied by great aching in the sacral region. Use the cerate locally, and the 2d dil. internally. Stools constipated, or soft and papescent. Prolapsus ani, with constipation; stools hard and knotted, with great backache. It is said to act well in jaundice. Dr. Hart says: “Throbbing in the abdominal and pelvic cavities, is an especial key for this ‘remedy, in intra-abdominal and pelvic congestions.” “Leucorrhea, with lameness in the back, across the sacro-iliac articulations, with great pain and fatigue from walking.”—G. Urine dark, muddy, high colored, or yellow, with mucus; hot and scalding. — Legs so weak can hardly walk; paralysis of arms and legs from spinal exhaustion. Has cured intermittent fever. Aggravation.—From walking ; from movement of bowels. Amelioration.—From rest. 54 ALOES. ALOES. Socstrine Aloes. Habitat: Africa, Asia, etc. Tincture according to Class IV., and Triturations, Antidotes.—Vegetable acids. Through the abdominal sympathetic, Aloes have three special centers of action : I. Liver. Portal Congestion and Increased Biliary Secretion, II. Lares Intestines. (Muscutar Coat.) Increased Peristalsis, Il. Skin. Producing Hezema. Liver.—Aloes produce portal congestion, and greatly increase the biliary secretion. The recent experiments of Rutherford have shown Aloes to be possessed of undoubted cholagogue properties. Bile, when applied to the muscular coat of the intestine, not only excites the secretions, but greatly increases the muscular contrac- tions; hence its cathartic action. Large Intestines.—This remedy has a specific action upon the muscular portion of the large intestine; whether from the ac- tion of bile upon it, or from nervous influence derived from the hypogastric plexus, it is hard tosay; butitis, probably, from both, the nervous centers being excited first, and, through them, the peristaltic actions, and the secretions are increased. Dr. Ringer says: “It is chiefly employed as a purgative. Its action is slow; and six, twelve, or even twenty-four hours may elapse before it operates. It produces bulky motions, a little softened, but not watery. It evidently acts but little on the mucous membrane of the intestines, and is merely a fecal evacuent.” ; It also acts powerfully upon the rectum, producing severe con- gestion; hemorrhoids, and tenesmus. And this congestion of the rectum, through sympathy, extends to all the pelvic viscera; the menstrual function becomes more abundant; and abortion may be produced with large doses. In the male, frequent erec- tions. As a purgative, its action is slow, ten to twenty grains acting in from six to twelve hours. Skin.—Here Aloes have a slight action, producing eczema; and, on the scalp, the hair turns gray and falls out in spots. ALOES. 55 Therapeutic Individuality. Morning diarrhcea ; stools yellow, watery, jelly-like, or windy, accompanied by intense griping pains across the lower abdomen, with tenesmus during stool; followed by extreme prostration. Hating causes a great desire for stool. Watery stools, the desire for which can not be put off for one moment, with much flatulence ; severe colic, and gurgling noise in the bowels ; constant sense of insecurity of the sphincter ani; the rectum feels full of tluid, feeling as if it would fall out, with great faintness during and after each stool. “Morning diarrhoea, every summer for ten years while dressing she is seized with colic in the umbilical region ; nausea, chilliness, followed by a sudden and irresistible desire for stool; can hardly get to the water-closet, before a dark, almost black, offensive and liquid stool passes off ; usually the nausea and colic are not wholly relieved until the. second stool. Aloes 8x cured in two days.”— Dr. W.S. Searle. - “Dysentery, stools frequent and extremely painful, with burn- ing tenesmus at the extremity of the rectum.”—Dr. AL. FE. Small. Hemorrhoidal congestions; the hemorrhoids bleed often and. profusely ; protrude like grapes, with much tenesmus. “Fistula in ano; it has never disappointed me.”—Dr. Boyd. “Jaundice of an atonic kind, a bilious state, with a coated tongue ; foul breath ; tumid abdomen and constipation.” —Bartho-~ low. Extreme prostration, with perspiration. Aloes greatly resemble Sulphur, in chronic abdominal plethora, especially in weak, phlegmatic people. Sexual Organs, Female.—Menses too early, last too long, and too profuse, with fullness and heaviness in the region of the uterus, and pressing-down in the rectum. “Experience has shown that this drug is among the most effi- cient agents for exciting the uterine vessels, and directing the afflux of blood to them, and deserves to be counted the best remedy we possess against those protracted, exhausting, and obstinate hem- orrhages from the uterus, which occur in females of nervous, re- laxed, and phlegmatic habits, at the critical period.”—Dr. Eberle. “Leucorrheea of mucus and blood, with prolapsus uteri and much backache.”—Hg. Urinary Organs.—‘ Frequent urging to urinate ; dark-colored ; burning, and, every time he urinates, feeling as if he must have a thin stool.” —Hg. 56 ALUMINA. “Incontinence of urine, in old men with enlarged prostate gland.” —Hg. Head.—Dull, heavy headache, with biliousness. “A peculiar, heavy, dull, pressing pain in the forehead, of no great severity, but which indisposes to, or even incapacitates for, all exertion, especially for intellectual labor.”—Dr. P. P. Wells. “Falling-out of the hair.”—Dr. Teste. “Headaches are worse from heat, and better from cold appli- cations.” —Hg. “Life is a burden; she knew she would die in a week.”—Hg. “An easily excited, angry, revengeful state of mind; must destroy the object of wrath; repels every one.” —Hg. Aggravation.—Mornings ; evenings ; sedentary habits, and in hot, damp weather. Amelioration.—From cold; cold water on head, from the dis- charge of flatus. ALUMINA. Aluminum, Habitat, Europe. Mineral. Triturations. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Alumina has two special centers of action : I. Mucous Mempranes. Great Dryness of the Secretions. Il Crresro-Spinat Nervous System. Profound Prostration. Mucous Membranes.—Alumina, through the spinal nerves, especially acts upon the colon and rectum, producing great dry- ness of their secretions, and obstinate constipation. It also acts similarly upon the mucous membranes of the uterus and vagina, producing congestion, with dryness, followed by copious leucorrhea. Cerebro-Spinal System.—Alumina produces most profound prostration of the animal nervous system; and, at the menstrual ‘period, the woman is so prostrated that she can hardly speak. Therapeutic Individuality. “Thinks his mind is some one else’s; groans at night, and says it is not he, and wants them to stop.”—G, “As soon as she sees blood or a knife, wants to kill herself.”— Dr. Douglas. ALUMINA. 57 “Stupid, thinks he is falling forward.”—J. S. Douglas, M. D. “Great weakness, loss of memory; melancholia; time passes +oo slowly, an hour seems half a day.”—Hg. Can not walk with the eyes closed, without falling. Headache from chronic catarrh, with constipation. “Semi-lateral affections of the head; old rheumatic affections, always appearing on the same side.”—G. “Excessive dryness of the scalp; it goes to sleep; feels light, and the hair falls out.”—Dr. Douglas. Ears.—Affections of the external ear; purulent otorrheea. Eyes.—“Eyes inflamed ; itching ; agglutination at night ; lach- rymation by day; burning and dryness, smarting, but little ulcer- ation; yellow halo around the candle.”—Hg. “Dim-sightedness, like looking through a fog, or as if feathers were before the eyes; must rub them; fiery spots.”—Hg. Great burning and dryness of the lids; lids granulated, and semi-paralyzed. Nose.—Acrid secretions from the nose, from chronic catarrh. “Catarrhs of long standing in old people; nostrils sore; dis- charge of thick, yellow mucus; or discharge of dry, hard, yellow- green mucus from nose; nose swollen and very sore.”—Hg. Inflammation and ulceration of the septum narium. “Skin of face tense, as if the white of an egg had been dried over it.”—Hah. Digestive Organs.—‘Tongue coated with a slimy fur.”—Hyg. “Swelling and bleeding of the gums; teeth feel loose, elongated, with drawing toothache.”—Hah. “Small ulcers in the mouth; saliva increased, but the mouth seems dry.” —Hq. “Tn the evening, dryness of the throat, which induces frequent clearing of the throat; throat red and inflamed.”—Hah. “Great dryness of the throat; voice husky ; constant hawking, and sensation as of a lump in the throat; chronic catarrh.”—Hg. “Swallowing painful, as if the esophagus were contracted.” —fHg. Loss of appetite ; aversion to meat; potatoes aggravate. “Appetite for starch, chalk, clean white rags, charcoal, cloves, acids, and other indigestible things.” —Hg. Liver pains. as if bruised. . Has great difficulty in voiding even a soft stool, from paralysis of ihe bowels, great straining required to void the stool ; perfect inactivity of the rectum. 53 ALUMINA. Constipation from great dryness of the mucous membrane of the rectum, with long-lasting pain in the anus.. “Stools hard and knotty, or covered with mucus; like sheep's dung, with cutting in the anus; followed by blood like pipe- stems.”—Hq. Sour, acid diarrhoea; in children stools are green. “Diarrhoea whenever she urinates.”—Hg. “Severe hemorrhage from the bowels, in typhoid.”—Hg. Blind piles; rectum constricted as if dried up; fistula ani very sensitive. Urinary Organs.—High-colored urine, voided while straining at stool. Very characteristic. “She can not pass her urine without straining at stool; she has to strain at stool to pass her urine.”—G. Sexual Organs, Male.—Induration of the testicles after gon- orrhcea. “Excessive sexual desire; or lessened desire, with invol- untary emissions; and great weakness of the bladder and genitals.” —Hg. Sexual Organs, Female.—Profuse acrid leucorrhea, with ereat debility, aggravated by walking. “Profuse, transparent, acrid leucorrhea, running down to the heels in large quantities ; or, profuse, transparent leucorrhca only in the day-time.”—G. “Abundant discharge of mucus before the menses, which are delayed, scanty, and pale; after the menses she is so weak in body and mind, that a little exercise prostrates her.”—G. [This pros- tration after menstruation is very characteristic. ] “During menstruation, corroding urine is frequently passed day and night.”—G. “Bearing-down pains, as though everything would fall through the vagina.” —Dr. J. S. Douglas. “Stitches in the left side of the vulva, extending up as far as the chest, with throbbing pains in the vagina.”—G. ; Obstinate constipation during pregnancy, with gastric symp- toms. Respiratory Organs.—‘“Voice hoarse, rough, hollow, almost: gone; cough dry, hacking, with frequent sneezing.” —Hg. Hard, dry cough, at night, with involuntary emissions of urine: from coughing. (Conium.) AMBRA GRISEA. i 59 “Tearing cough, every turn of cough being accompanied by involuntary emissions of urine, which reduces the patient to de- spair.”—G, Chronic cough; copious mucous expectoration ; old people. Back.—“Pain in the back as if a hot iron were thrust down the lower vertebre.”—Lippe. “Violent stitches in the middle of the back.”—Hg. Limbs.—“Arms and legs feel heavy; drawing pains in the limbs as if the bones were squeezed narrower.”—Hg. “Great heaviness of the lower limbs; can scarcely drag them; staggers when walking, and has to sit down.”—Hah. “Rheumatic and traumatic paralysis.”—Dr. Lobethal. “Frequent cramps in the calves; trembling of the knees; numbness and pain in the heel, and sole of the foot feels swol- len.”—Hg. Chronic diseases in dry, thin subjects, who become exhausted from slight exercise, or talking; become faint and must sit down. Skin.—“Intolerable itching of whole body, especially when getting warm in bed; scratches until the skin bleeds.”—Hg. Dry, tettery, itching eruption, on arms, hands, and head, in old, withered-up people; both dry and moist eruptions. Chronic jaundice, with formication of the skin. Aggravation.—In warm room; evenings; alternate days; during rest ; and new and full moon. Amelioration.—In open air; from cold washing; during the night, and from motion. AMBRA GRISEA. Gray Amber. Habitat: Found floating on the Southern Seas. Marine Animal Substance. Trituration. Antidotes.—Camph., Nux vom., and Puls. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Ambra has one special center of action : I. Animat Nervous System. Hysterical Hyperesthesia. Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.— Through the posterior spinal cord, Ambra produces a state in females greatly resembling hysteria ; and it is a special nervine in the old school. ‘60 AMBRA GRISEA. Therapeutic Individuality. Especially adapted to excessively hysterical women, that are lean and delicate, with frequent fainting fits. “Memory impaired; distorted images, grimaces; diabolical faces crowd upon her fancy; melancholy, sits for days weeping, ‘with great weakness, and constipation.” —Hy. “Great weakness in the head, with vertigo, must lie down; can not sleep, must get up; feels in a hurry.”—Hg. Body cold, and can not sleep, with stretching of the limbs. Scalp is hot, dry, and the hair falls out. Nervous deafness, with cold sensation in the abdomen. “Copious nosebleed early in the morning.”—Hg9. Digestive Organs.—Spasmodic choking. “Choking and vom- iting can hardly be avoided when hawking up phlegm from the fauces.”—Rae. Empty or sour eructations; violent spasmodic hiccough, aggravated by warm drinks, in hysterical females. “Pain in the hypochondriac region, with great coldness of the abdomen.” —Hyg. Constipation, with much depression of mind. Urinary Organs.—Urine copious and watery; excessive uri- nation in hysterical, nervous people. “Sour-smelling urine.”—Hg. Sexual Organs, Male.—Coition produces asthma in men. Sexual Organs, Female.—Too frequent and too profuse menstruation, with neuroses of the vulva. “Discharge of blood between the periods, at every little acci- dent, as after a hard stool, or a little longer walk than usual.”—G. Extremely nervous, hysterical females, subject to nightly leu- corrheea of bluish-white mucus. “Stitches in the ovarian region, when drawing in the abdomen, or pressing upon it, with great languor.”—G. The vulva is much swollen and very sore; itching greatly; urination causes great smarting, wants to rub the vulva constantly. Respiratory Organs.—Nervous hysterical cough, and asthma, with globus and copious urination. “Spasmodic cough in elderly, emaciated people, with abun- dant eructations accompanying the cough.”—D Excessive dry, nervous, spasmodic cough, worse at night. AMMONIUM CARBONICUM. 61. “Asthma of old people and children.” Hy. Chest feels stuffed up, with violent palpitation of the heart,. and difficulty in breathing. Limbs.—Hysterical spasms; muscular twitching; great lan- guor; with frequent fainting fits; arms and limbs go to sleep. easily ; skin feels numb as if asleep. Aggravation.—Evenings and mornings; warmroom; warm. drinks; music; talking and lying down. Amelioration.—From cold air; cold food and drinks, and walking. AMMONIUM CARBONICUM. Carbonate of Ammonia. Chemical Preparation. Trituration and Aqueous solution. Antidotes.—Camph., Lach., Hep. s., Arn., Vegetable acids. Through the spinal nervous system, Ammonium has three special. centers of action : I. Mucous Mempranes. Inflammation, with Mucorrhea. IL Crrcutation. Heart and Arterioles Stimulated. III. Buoop. Liquefaction and Vast Hemorrhages. Mucous Membranes.—Ammonia has a specific action upon. the mucous membrane of the gastro-intestinal canal and respira- tory organs. Toxic doses produce nausea, vomiting, gastro- enteritis, stools of mucus and blood. There is edema of the glottis ; congestion and inflammation of the bronchial mucous mem- brane; convulsions and death. When Ammonia is “inhaled, an overpowering sense of suffoca- tion is experienced, and the glottis spasmodically closes. Pro- longed contact with the air-passages excites violent inflammation. When a solution of Ammonia is swallowed, an active and destzuctive inflammation of the mucous membrane is set up ; the lips, tongue, soft palate, and tonsils are swollen, red, and glazed ; the epiglottis, and especially the aryteno-epiglottidean folds, becomes cedematous, and sudden death may ensue from edema. of the glottis. Inflammation of the esophagus and stomach, with 62 AMMONIUM CARBONICUM. stenosis, has followed from poisoning with this irritant.”—Bar- tholow. . Ammonia is an intense direct stimulant to the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. Circulation.—Ammonia is a powerful but fugacious stimulant of the heart and arteries. “The increased arterial tension which follows the exhibition of Ammonia must be due to an action either upon the heart itself, or upon the peripheral vaso-motor nerve fibers or upon the muscular fibers in the coats of the arterioles [probably the latter].”—H. C. Wood. Blood.—Ammonia has a marked hematic action; the red blood-corpuscles are so altered as to prevent coagulation, and copious hemorrhages are the result. After death, it is dark, and contains but little oxygen, nor will it absorb the gas and become arterialized when agitated in an atmosphere of pure oxygen. Therapeutic Individuality. Especially adapted to sub-acute and chronic diseases of the mucous tissues, particularly of the air-passages, in lymphatic people with lax fiber. “Listlessness and lethargy ; utter dejection of mind.”—Hg. “Oppressive fullness, as if the forehead would burst.”—-Hg. Great congestion of blood to the head, as if it would burst; worse at night, with sparks before the eyes, and vertigo. Nose.—Vast hemorrhages from the nose, with great pain in the forehead. : “When stooping, blood rushes to the tip of the nose.”—Hg. “Dry, coryza, especially at night, must breathe through the mouth, with long-lasting coryza; burning water runs from the nose.”—Hg. Much heat in the face during mental exertion. Mouth and Throat,—Sour or metallic taste. Fine, stinging pains in the teeth, worse at night. Inflammation of the buccal mucous membrane, with profuse flow of saliva. Tonsils enlarged and inflamed. “Putrid sore throat; tendency to gangrenous ulceration in scarlatina.”—Hg. “Diphtheria, when the nose is stopped up; child starts from sleep, can not get his breath ; throat and cesophagus burn.” —Hg. AMMONIUM CARBONICUM. 63 Malignant diphtheria, involving the throat and air passages, with copious hemorrhages from the nose, and much prostration. “Great hunger, but satiated by eating a little.”—Nenning. “Great pressure in stomach after eating, or at night; water- brash.” —Hg. “Great deal of empty eructations.”—Hah. “Burning pains in the liver; splenic affections.” —Hg. “Colic, with pain between the scapule.”—G. Stool.—‘“Cholera-like symptoms at the commencement of menstruation.”—Dr. Helbig. “Loose stool, preceded and followed by cutting pains in the abdomen ; discharge of blood during and after stool.” —Hah. Vast hemorrhages from the bowels in low typhoids. “Constipation, with hemorrhoids.”—Hg. Urmary Organs.—‘“Violent tenesmus of the bladder.”—Hah. “Involuntary emissions of urine during sleep.” —Hah. High-colored urine; or copious pale urine. Sexual Organs, Female.—“ Women who are always delicate and must have their smelling-bottle continually at hand. This remedy is particularly suited to such.”—G. Menses premature and abundant, composed of clots. “Diarrhea and vomiting during menstruation.”—Lippe. “The menstrual blood is acrid, excoriating the thighs; the vulva is much swollen, burns and itches much.”—Hg. “At every menstrual period, stools of blood.”—G. “Acrid, profuse, and watery leucorrhea.”—Hg. Extreme debility during menstruation, she must lie down. “During pregnancy, albuminuria ; yellow spots before the eyes ; right mamma painful to touch.”—Hg. Air-Passages.—Dyspncea from retrocession of an eruption. “Excessive cough, excited by a sensation as of down in the larynx, 3 to 4 a. m.”—Hughes. “Cough short, asthmatic, from irritation in larynx, with pain- ful sensation of spasmodic contraction of the chest.” —Hyg. “Dry cough, especially at night, as from dust in the throat.” —Nenning. “Oppression of breathing; heaviness on the chest.”—Hah. “Sputa thin, foamy; adynamic, stale ; rattling of large bubbles in the chest; bronchitis in the aged.”—Hg. “Hydrothorax, with burning in the chest ; vehement palpitation of the heart ; great precordial distress ; asthmatic breathing, and syncope, after motion.”—Hy. 64 AMYL NITRITUM. “Angina pectoris.”—Hg. Back.—Right side of body more affected than the left. “Amenorrhea with violent pains in small of back.” —Hg. Much chilliness in the evening. Extremities. —Great heaviness of the arms, without strengtb.. they are swollen and cedematous. “Spasms in the arms, drawing them backward.”—Hah. “Whitlow, finger inflamed, deep-seated periosteal pain ; fingers go to sleep.” —Hg. “Can not walk erect, on account of pain in the groins.”—Hah. Great weakness in the legs in low hematic fevers. “Pain in all the limbs at night; burning of the hands and feet.” —Hg. “Big toe is red, swollen, and painful, particularly nights.” —Hg. Especially suited to scurvy and spanemic diseases, with great debility ; malignant scarlet fever, with great putridity. Children dislike to be washed, especially the fat ones. Emaciation; legs powerless and cold. Aggravation.—Evening, night, and wet weather. Amelioration.—Forenoon, dry weather, and warmth. AMYL NITRITUM. Nitrite of Amyl. Chemical preparation. Alcoholic attenuations. Antidotes.—Glon., Atrop., Acon., Coffee, Gelsemium, and Camphor. Through the cerebro-spinal, especially vaso-motor portion, Amyl has: six centers of action : I. Circunation. Rapid but Transient Arterial Dilatation. II. Hearr. Inhibitory Nerve Centers Paralyzed; Violent Action. Jil. Temvrerature. Remarkable Reduction. IV. Ceresro-SpinaL System. Motor Nerve Centers Paralyzed. V. Kipyeys. Diuresis, with Glycosuria. VI. Locatiy. Progressive Loss of Function. Cireulation.—Through the end organs of the vaso-motor system, Amyl produces rapid but transient dilatation of the arte- rial blood-vessels. The vaso-motor nerves, which are a part of the AMYL NITRITUM. — 65 great sympathetic system, supply the muscular coat of the arteries, and thereby regulate the contraction and dilatation of these tubes, and so determine the amount of blood which shall pass through them. Amyl paralyzes the sympathetic ganglia, thereby producing the flushings and perspiration so characteristic of this drug. “It has been found by all observers, that, although the pulse is very much increased in frequency, sometimes from the very be- ginning, the arterial pressure is diminished, and, finally, is reduced almost to zero, and that the fall of pressure occurs equally as well after section of the vagi as at other times. As the number of heart-beats in the uninjured animal is increased rather than diminished, while the strength of the individual beat is not perceptibly lessened, it is evident, that, at least in the early stages of the poisoning, the diminution of the arterial tension is not cardiac in origin, but must be due to dilatation of the capillaries. ‘This condition is confirmed by an experiment of Brunton, who found, that, if the descending aorta was tied high up, no percep- tible fall of pressure was produced by the inhalation of the Amyl until very late in the poisoning, when the heart itself was acted upon by the drug; also by the fact noted by Dr. Amez-Droz, that the arterioles, but not the veins of the rabbit’s ear and of the frog’s web, can be seen to dilate when the salt is inhaled. That. dilatation of the vessels takes place in man, as well as in the lower animals, is shown by the flushings of the face, as well as by the enlargement of the retinal vessels. “An interesting question which here arises is whether the dilatation is centric, due to an action on the vaso-motor nerve centers, or peripheric, due to a direct action upon the muscular coat of the arteries. I believe it must be peripheral, and not centric, in its origin; since, both in my own experiments and in those of Brunton, it occurred after the arterioles had been separated from the vaso-motor centers by division of the cord. This fact ap- pears to prove that the fall of arterial pressure is due to a direct paralyzing action of the drug upon the coats of the arterioles,—a conclusion confirmed by our knowledge of the local action of the Nitrite upon the muscular tissue. “Bernheim, however, asserts that this can not beso, and that the dilatation must be solely due to an action upon the vaso-motor centers; because he found that galvanization of the cervical sympathetic still caused contractions in the vessels of the ear of the rabbit, to which Nitrite of Amyl had been given. As pointed out by Pick, Bernheim’s experiment does not warrant his conclusion. It only shows that the muscle fibers in the walls of 66 AMYL NITRITUM. the vessels are not so completely paralyzed as to be unable to respond to very powerful stimuli. Dr. W. Filehne dissents from the view here taken; but it seems to me that the fall of arterial pres- sure after paralysis by section of thé vaso-motor nerves, abso- lutely proves that the drug acts locally upon the arterial coats. “It is, however, very probable from the general sedative effect of the drug upon the motor centers, that it acts also upon the vaso-motor centers ; and, when the local flushings caused by small doses of the poison are borne in mind, this probability is greatly enhanced. Filehne affirms, that, when to two animals, whose lungs were exposed, inhalations of the Nitrite were given, the change of color was not nearly so great as in the ears, and that, when the sympathetic had been destroyed in the neek in a rabbit, and the Amy] exhibited, the vessels on the unwounded side actually became larger than those of the opposite ear. The answer of these results is, that opening the chest must derange most profoundly the pneu- monic circulation, and that all observations upon the comparative size of vessels are very apt to be mere guess-work when the change is slight. Moreover, in Schuller’s experiments, after destruction of the cervical sympathetic in a rabbit, inhalations of the Nitrite produced still further dilatation of the capillaries of the ear. It seems to me established that it does act locally on the coats of the arterioles, although it may at the same time influence the vaso-motor centers. [It is the specific affinity the Amyl has for the vaso-motor nerve-endings, and not its local action, that pro- duces paralysis of the arterioles.] In the latter stages of the poisoning, another factor enters into the causes of lessened blood- pressure, the heart-force itself becoming largely extinguished by a direct action of the poison on the muscle.”—H. C. Wood. Dr. 8. Ringer says: “If Nussbaum’s observations are con- firmed, they would seem to show that Nitrite of Amyl may act through the influence of the vaso-motor centers. “The paralyzing effect on the arterial system is well shown by the sphygmographic tracings, the flushings of the face, and the increase in the size of the visible arteries,—like the tem- poral, which often becomes notably large; sometimes, indeed, doubled in size, branches previously invisible becoming plainly apparent,—and by the interesting fact observed by Talfourd Jones, who, while cupping a patient over the loins, and finding that blood would not flow, administered Nitrite of Amyl, by inhalation, when the cuts immediately began to bleed freely. After an inhalation, the larger arteries are slower in recovering their normal size than the capillaries,— a phenomenon I have often observed in the tem- AMYL NITRITUM. 67 poral artery, which remains enlarged half a minute longer after the blush has quite left the face.” Heart.—‘“In man, the pulse-rate is enormously increased by Nitrite of Amyl. In animals, the amount of the increase varies ; but, in the higher groups, the rule appears to be the increase of the pulse-rate, whichis especially decided in the dog. Filehne has, by a single very ingenious experiment, seemingly proved that the acceleration is due to a depressing influence upon the inhibi- tory centers. He divided the par vagum in a rabbit, employed an electric current to the severed nerves, of sufficient strength to bring the pulse-rate to normal, and found that Amyl was power- less to affect the rapidity of the cardiac action. Confirmed by Mayer and Friedrich. It is known that sudden asphyxia slows the pulse by exciting the inhibitory centers. Mayer and Fried- rich found that this action is prevented by the inhalation uf the Amyl salt. Then, again, they found, that, when by compression of the arteries the blood was prevented from going to the head, the Nitrite did not increase the rapidity of the pulse; and also de- termined that the reflex inhibitory slowing of the heart by irritation of a sensitive nerve, ig prevented by Amyl. The whole evidence seems to show that the sudden, thumping, rapid stroke of the heart, which is so early produced by the Nitrite of Amyl in man, is due, at least in part, to a depression of the inhibitory car- diac nerves. It is also plain why the increase of the pulse-rate is greater in dogs—in which the cardiac inhibitory system is more powerful—than in domestic rabbits, in which it is very feeble.” —Prof. H. C. Wood. Temperature.—‘Nitrite of Amyl, in whatever way exhibited, if given in sufficient amount, reduces most remarkably animal tem- perature. I have seen a pigeon perfectly conscious, although its temperature had been brought down by this agent some 13°F. This influence is as marked in fever as in the normal condition of the animal, and is independent of the nerve centers, occurring after section of the cord, and even after death in those cases in which post-mortem rise or continuance of high temperature nor- mally takes place. Ihave also experimentally determined that it is associated with diminished excretion of carbonic acid. It must therefore be due to a direct arrest or check of tissue-changes or oxidation within, or without, the blood. Dr. Aug. Ladendorf (Ber- lin, Klin. Wochenschr., No. 48, 1874) claims, that in man, .inha- lations of small amounts of Nitrite of Amyl are followed by a rise 68 AMYL NITRITUM. of 4° F. (average) ; in some carefully conducted experiments on & patient at the University Hospital by my resident physician, Dr. Mastin, the rise of temperature was noted; but it was very mo- mentary, and evidently dependent upon vascular dilatation. Very possibly this rise is a mere external phenomenon, and is not par- ticipated in by the deeper parts of the body. Ladendorf took the temperature in the mouth; Mastin, in the mouth and axilla. “The vapors of the Nitrite have a very marked influence over oxidation outside of the body, as is shown by many facts, of which it is only necessary here to cite the extinguishment of glowing phos- phorus by a few drops of the Amyl salt diffused through the jar. Tt cannot be doubted that within the animal economy the same thing occurs. If, however, the arrest of oxidation was complete, instant death from suffocation would result. The true explana- tion of the symptoms evidently lies in diminution, not destruction, of oxidation. “When an animal inhales the Nitrite of Amyl, the arterial and venous blood soon become of a nearly uniform hue, which resem- bles somewhat that of normal venous blood, but is quite distinct from it, having a chocolate tint. Moreover, this chocolate-colored blood does not assume the arterial hue when shaken with the air. Jolyet and Regnard have confirmed this inability of the blood to take up oxygen. Dr. Arthur Gamgee has made a masterly exami- nation into the subject, and thrown much light upon it. He finds that the spectrum of blood treated with Nitrite of Amyl changes simultaneously with the color. The too sharply defined absorp- tion-bands of the oxyhemoglobin become fainter and fainter, and entirely disappear, unless the stratum of examined blood be ex- ceedingly thick, when faint indications of them remain apparent. At the same time, new bands appear, precisely resembling those of acid hematin. If ammonia be added to the chocolate blood, the color changes back to a blood-red again, and simultaneously the spectrum-lines regain their normal position. If, however, an amount of phosphoric acid precisely equivalent to the amount of ammonia added, and therefore just sufficient to neutralize it, be placed in the blood, the chocolate color reappears, and with it the changes of the spectrum. Moreover, if a reducing agent, such as sulphide of ammonium, be added to the chocolate blood, it is able to deoxidize the oxyhemoglobin, but, before doing so, evidently . removes it from union with the Nitrite, since the new bands dis- appear, and those of oxyhemoglobin reappear, in the spectrum, . before the lines of the reduced hemoglobin manifest themselves. * These facts are, seemingly, explicable only on the supposition that AMYL NITRICUM. 69 the Nitrite makes with the oxyheamoglobin a compound which is so unstable as to be broken up by nmmonia and by reducing agents. “Dr. Gamgee next pushed his researches to find whether the respiratory function of the blood was interfered with by the Nitrite, —whether the power of the hemoglobin to absorb and yield up oxygen was destroyed. By aseries of experiments, in which blood was shaken with an accurately measured amount of air, he found that, while normal blood absorbed a large percentage of oxygen, blood to which the Nitrite had been added, failed to take up an appreciable portion of the gas, even if it (the blood) had been previously saturated with carbonic acid gas. As is well known, carbonic oxide gas has a remarkable power of expelling the loose oxygen of the blood; but it was found, that, upon blood to which the Nitrite had been added, it had no influence; and conversely, that, on the florid blood of carbonic oxide saturation, the Amyl salt had no effect. It was also found that the air-pump was powerless to draw oxygen out of the blood containing the salt, although the oxygen still existed in the Nitrite blood; since reducing agents restored the oxyhemoglobin spectrum even in blood from which all access to the air was prevented. These facts are in complete accord with those previously spoken of, as showing that the Nitrite of Amy] unites with the oxyhemoglobin to form a new compound. Dr. Gamgee finally furnished the last ocular demonstration of obtaining the compound in crystalline form, by means of a proc- ess which it 1s not necessary to detail here. This Nitrite oxy- hemoglobin has no power of absorbing oxygen, as follows from experiments previously detailed, and as Dr. Gamgee also deter- mined by direct experiments. “These researches of Dr. Gamgee have not, that I am aware of, been confirmed, but I think may be accepted as aceurate. They do not, however, prove that Nitrite of Amyl entering into the blood-vessel at onve paralyzes the hemoglobin of the blood-cor- puscles and checks all oxidation. As already stated, the experi- ‘ments of Dr. Gamgee showed conclusively that this new compound yields up its oxygen to reducing agents. Further, the Doctor found, that, when the Nitrite blood was brought into contact with pre- pared guaiacum-paper, it still ozonized it, though not so actively as normal. It is evident that the blood-corpuscles retain to a greater or less degree their power of yielding up ozone to bodies desiring it; that they are capable of exerting at least this portion of their respiratory functions ; further, where this oxygen is given _ and the oxyhemoglobin changed into hemoglobin, so far as - 70 AMYL NITRITUM. ow present knowledge goes, the hemoglobin must absorb more oxygen before it Gan reunite with the Nitrite. Evidently, then, absorption of oxygen must take place ; evidently, the blood-cor- puscles must perform their respiratory functions ; but evidently, also, they are greatly crippled and impaired in the rapidity and ease of its performance. Hemic respiration is, in other words, greatly interfered with, but not abolished. “The accord of the results of this chemical investigation with those arrived at by a purely physiological study of the drug, is very striking and very beautiful, both teaching the same thing,— lessened, but not absolutely arrested, oxidation. “Having ascertained the existence of diminished oxidation in poisoning by Nitrite of Amyl, the temptation is very strong to attribute all the symptoms produced by it to this arrest. I do not, however, think that this post hoc proptcr hoc argument is justifiable, for the following reasons : In the first place, the nitrate of potassium and other nitrates, according to Dr. Gamgee, act in the same manner upon the blood, yet the symptoms caused by them are very different from those caused by Nitrite of Amyl. In the second place, when arrest of oxidation is caused by deprivation of oxygen, the symptoms are very different, the bram and consciousness being always affected before the centers of reflex action ; whereas, under the influence of the Nitrite of Amyl, the contrary occurs. In the third place, other substances, such as toxic doses of alcohol, check oxidation, but do not cause the same symptoms as does the drug under consideration. The ob- vious inference seems to me to be that Nitrite of Amyl acts directly upon the nerve centers. independent of its influence on the blood. “Because, in the first stage of its action on man, there is very marked functional excitement of the heart, it has been held that Nitrite of Amy] is a motor-stimulant,—a most erroneous idea. The cardiac excitement has seemed to me not to be directly owing to the drug. I have explained it as being reflex in its nature, as follows: ‘When the Nitrite is taken into the lungs, it instantly arrests or diminishes oxidation, and a thrill of impending suffoca- tion runs through the system, in obedience to which the respira-_ tory and circulatory organs gather up and exert to the utmost their forces. The central impulse seit to the cardiac and respira- tory muscles is at first much more than sufficient to overcome any direct action of the Nitrite upon them; but, the inhalation being persisted in, the impulse is constantly growing weaker and the direct influence of the drug stronger: so that there soon comes a AMYL NITRITUM. 71 time when the reverse is true, and the heart's power is more or less nearly extinguished.’ It must be remembered that this explanation is only plausible at most, not proven. If Filelme’s conclusion is hereafter shown to be correct, the cause of the mereased cardiac action must be set down as paralysis of the inhibitory centers.” —Dr. H.C. Wood. Nervous System.— “I have found, as the result of numerous experiments made in the ordimary methods, that the dimimution of reflex activity and of voluntary motion which undoubtedly occurs in toxwmia from the avent now under consideration, is chiefly spinal in its origin; since after death the nerves and muscles preserve, though in an impaired condition, their fune- tional power. On the motor centers of the cord the Nitrite acts as a direct and powerful depressant, at the same time that it exerts a similar, but much less pronounced, action on the nerves and muscles ; decreasing, but not destroying, their functional lite. The diminution of reflex activity is ever preceded by a stage of funie- tional excitement. In some animals, convulsions do occiu, espe- cially when the drug is administered by inhalation ; but they are. in all probability, cerebral, not spinal, and due to the asphyxiating influence of the poisou. Over ihe sensory nerves and centers, Nitrite of Amyl has but little power. They are among the last portions of the body to be affected, scusation Deimg intact until near death; so that the drug is in no sense an anwsthetic. Me.ver and Friedrich assert that at first Nitrite of Amyl mecreases le rapidity and depth of the respiration hy stimulating the respiratory centers. Whether this be or be not correct. it is certain that later the respiratory centers are ereatly depressed. the breathing e- coming both slow and shallow, and death finally occurring from paralytic asphyxia. —Dr. H.C. Wood. Kidneys.—“Dr. F. A. Hoffman discovered a very interesting phenomenon, as an effect of poisoning with the Nitrite of Amyl: that is, he found the urine of rabbits loaded with sugar. He found, that in the rabbit a hypodermic injection of 0.111 to 0.113 gramme of the drug is enough to cause diabetes. If twice this amount of the Amyl salt is used, the sugar becomes very abun- dant in the urine, and continues to be present for from twelve to thirty hours. Consentaneously with the elimination of sugar, there is a great increase in the amount of the urine. In a patient under my care, to whom the salt was given very freely, at no time could sugar be detected in the urine, so that glycosuria is probably only induced by toxic doses." —Dr. IT. C'.. Wood. TZ AMYL NITRITUM. Loeally.—‘ Nitrite of Amyl causes a progressive loss of fune- tional power in every highly organized tissue with which it comes in contact. Nerve centers, peripheral nerves, muscles of organic and voluntary life, all. succumb to it alike. If the contact be not continued too long. the tissue may recover even after a total sup- pression of its function.—a proof that the poison exerts no de- structive chemical or devitalizing influence upon tle tissues, such as that of Sulphuric acid or Veratria.”"—Dr. H. C. Wood. Therapeutic Individuality. Flushing of the face, head, and neck, with heat and perspi- ration of the same, accompanied with cold hands and feet, is the greatest key-note we have for the use of Amy]. Frequent flushing and perspiration of the face and neck of women at the climacteric. Sensation as if the blood would start through the skin of the face, with lachrymation. “A severe burning sensation over the loins, from whence a glow of heat spreads over the whole body, followed by perspiration. This sensation was so unendurable that she would rush to an open window at night, even in the winter, and sometimes rush out- doors. This symptom had lasted three vears, with several attacks daily, and was cured in ten days.”—Ringer. General relaxed, weak feeling all over the body, with sudden perspiration. Highly extolled for night sweats from debility. Flushings constitute the chief symptom for the use of this drug. Head.—Much mental confusion, with a dream-like state. “Anxiety as if something might happen; must have fresh air ; actual fright at the throbbing in the head, and a bursting-out feel- ing in the ears.”—H gq. Trance-like state, everything seeming unreal to her. Sudden joy, with flushing of the face. Melancholy, without anguish. Great heaviness of the head, with beating, thiobbing, bursting headache. Heat and throbbing in the head, with vertigo, and hot flushings. “Visible pulsating throbbing in the temples, with tension in the temples, and a feeling of something rushing upward.” —Hg. It causes no severe pain in the head until the acme of its effects is reached. AMYL NITRITUM. 73 “Sensation of a vapor spread from her, through the head, _ rendering her powerless.” —JIale. The hyperemia of the brain caused by Amy], is not always accompanied by pain, but by a sense of great fullness and pressure. Insomnia, sleep very imperfect and filled with anxious dreams, especially iu brain-workers. “Congestive headache, accompanied by ptosis palpebre; the eye shows marked hyperzemia.”—Dr. H. B. Fellows. Migraine and neuralgia, with great prostration and tremors, especially where the affected side looks paler than the sound one. Congestive headache, head feels intensely full, with throbbing of the arteries, aggravated by motion and warm air, relieved ly cool air and rest. Eyes.—Amyl has been found of great value in exophthalmic goiter; one case is reported cured by the olfaction. “Under the ophthalmoscope the veins of the disc were seen to become enlarged, varicose, and tortuous, the arteries small, conjunctiva bloodshot ; protruding, staring eves.”—l. and N. A spot on the wall appears of a yellowish hue, surrounded hy a yellowish circle, and this again surrounded by a violet-blue halo, with undulating edges. “Aching pains in the eyes in sunlight, with profuse running of tears, followed by sneezing.”—/Ty. “Ciliary neuralgia ; eye injected ; face or cheek suffused.”—Hy. “Eyes protruded, staring, with a glazed look."—I1q. Ears. —‘Throbbing in the cars: bursting sensation as if the membrane would be forced out with each beat of the heart.”—Hy. “Burning heat in the ears.”—Hy. Digestive Organs.—“Smacking of the lips as if in the act of tasting.” —Hg. “Short munching movement of lower jaw, as if in the act of chewine.”—ITq. “Choking feeling on either side of the trachea, along the carot- ids; feeling of constriction.” —Hq. “Collar seems too tight, must have it loosened.”—Hg. Fullness and pressure in the stomach, with belehings and cardialgia.””—Hg. “Spasm of the stomach.”"—Dr. Austic. Magnificent in hiccough. Urine.—Increased, containing an abundance of sugar. ~ Ttought to be of great value in acute diabetes. V4 AMYL NITRITUM. : / . Sexual Organs, Female.— Nervous spasmodic neuralgic dysmenorrhea; menorrhagia. : “During catamenia most violent left-sided headache, beginning in the morning; most violent at noon, lasting till evenmg, with frequent vomiting.”—Hg. Post-partum uterine hemorrhages are arrested instantly by inhalations. ; “Convulsions occurring immediately after delivery.”—Hg. “Chronic blushing in climacteric years; blushing with disease of right heart.”—Hg. It is one of our most useful remedies in the frequent hot fiush- ings of women at the climacteric. In puerperal convulsions, it is of vreat value, by inhalation. Respiratory Organs.—* Feeling of constriction in the throat, extending to the chest, with dyspneea.”"—Hq. “Oppressed, difficult, and rapid breathing.”—Hq. “Dyspnea and asthmatic feeling in larynx and trachea. "—Hy. “Suffocation and cough in paroxysms of several minutes, in disease of the heart.”—Hg. “Cardiac dyspnea with extreme anasarca, due to a dilated and hypertrophied heart.”—Hq. “Tn asthma, my own experience of several cases coincides with that of various physicians, that it will often instantly arrest the paroxysm, especially in those instances in which there are no secondary lesions, such as emphysema and dilated heart.”—Dr. H.C. Wood. : I believe the form of asthma best adapted to Amyl is the truly spasmodic without much inflammation or heart complication Pertussis, it greatly modifies, and shortens its duration. Dr. G. Buyses reports ten cases in which it was given at the moment of paroxysm by inhalation, with the best of results. Chest.—“ Angina pectoris, with throbbing of the heart and carotids, as high as the ears : very severe precordial pain, extend- ing to the right arm.”—Dr. Ringer. The most signal relief has been obtained from the inhalation of Amyl nitrite in angina pectoris, and people subject to this fear- ful malady should always carry the Amy] with them “Sudden beating of the carotids, which extends to the head and temples, accompanied with intense flushing of the face, which precedes debilitating perspiration.” —Hq. “Fluttering at the heart on the slightest excitement.” —Ho. AMYL NITRITUM. 75 _/Pumultuous action of the heart, with great precordial anxiety and quick respiration.”—Hg. / “During the paroxysm of cough the pulsations of the heart could not be counted, neither was it possible to count the radial pulsations. "—Hg. “The irregular, rambling sound of the heart could be perceived almost instantaneously to change into a more regular pulsation in organic heart disease.” —-/Tq. “The heart gave one strong beat; and, from the stage of agony, the patient passed to one of perfect repose and peace, in angiia pectoris.”—ITq. “Aortic insufficiency, with excessive hypertrophy of the heart and severe frontal headache.” —Hg. _ “As the pain in the arm increases, the sphygmographic curve becomes lower, both ascent and descent more gradual.”—Hq. “An aching pain and constriction around the heart.”—Hule. “If invariably quickens the pulse, sometimes doubling its pace.” —Hale. Partial paralysis of the sympathetic; relaxes the whole arte- rial system. Angina pectoris, with throbbing of the heart and carotids, with great agony. Pulse irregular and jerking. The whole arterial system is relaxed. from partial paralysis, with much precordial anxiety. Extremities.— Severe precordial pain, extending to the nght arm, in angina pectoris." —Hg. “Soreness in the right arm and shoulder.”—Hg. “Veins of hands dilating to double their previous size."—H4. “Hands trembling; grasping at imaginary objects, in convul- sions.” —Hg. “Hands tremble ; fingers numb and stiff.”—Hg. “Profuse sweat of hands.”—Hg. “Lameness and soreness in the muscles of the arms and thighs.” —Hg. “Tired, weak feeling of the limbs.”—Hg. Nerves.—‘“Great restlessness, every muscle seems to be im motion.”—Hg. Tired feeling of all the limbs. 76 AMYL NITRITUM. “Bpilepsy ; succession of fits, linked together by intervening unconsciousness ; fits recurring with increasing frequency till at last no sooner is one fit ended than another begins.” —Hg. “The convulsions of epilepsy are, according to the present theory, due to a vaso-motor spasm at the base of the brain. lh the status epilepticus, when there is an almost indefinite repetition o* the fits, the remedy is of great use in stopping them; when “here is a notable interval in ordinary epilepsy between the aura and the convulsion, the spasms can usually, if not always, be ontirely prevented.” —H. C’. Wood, M. D. “In convulsions occurring immediately after delivery, the spasms are immediately arrested by the inhalation of Amyl.” —Dr. W. F. Jenks. Sea-sickness. Amyl, by inhalation, has cured many cases. In chloroform narcosis, it is highly recommended. Fever.—‘“Frequent chilly ecrawlings over the whole body, face pale all day. -—Hg. “Flushings, occasionally, peculiarly and abruptly limited, reaching to the thighs, knees, or elbows, which feel icy cold. After the heats pass away, the skin becomes cold and clammy, and may turn very pale. “Flushings, or ‘heats’ starting from various parts of the face, the epigastrium, ete., thence spreading over the greater part of the body.” —Hy. “Heats are followed by sweating, often very profuse.”—Hg. “Heats with great throbbing throughout the whole body; fol- lowed by much prostration, seeming scarcely able to rouse her- self.” —Hq. “Lowers the temperature by checking the oxidation. Intermittent Ferer.—The Nitrite of Amyl is reported to cure at once intermittent fever; but Dr. H. C. Wood says: “I have seen it used in a number of cases of intermittents, with the invariable result of putting an end to the chill, and not affecting the hot stage.” Aggravation.—By motion, and in a warm room. Amelioration.—In the open air and by rest. ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM. 17 ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM. Sulphuret of Antimony. Chemical preparation. Trituration. Antidotes.—Merc., Hep. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Antimonium crudum has two special centers of action : I. Mccovs Mempranxes. Become Loaded with Mucus. II. Sxiy. Corns, Callosities, and Pustules. Mucous Membranes.—Antimony acts upon all mucous mem- branes, depressing their function; but, through the pneumogas- tric nerve, it especially affects the digestive organs, producing slow digestion, and the mucous membranes become loaded with mucus; but this action hardly ever goes on to active intflamma- tion. In large doses, very severe nausea and vomiting are produced. This slow digestion produces fermentation; flatulence; alternate constipation and diarrhea. The secretions and flatulence are of a foul odor. Skin.—Here it produces corns, callosities, split-nails, tu- bercles, pimples, pustules, and nettle-rash. Therapeutic Individuality. The great key for the use of this drug is a thick, milky-white coating on the tongue, from slow digestion. “The mucous membranes are loaded with mucus, with slow digestion, fermentation, nausea and vomiting.” —Hughes. “Stomach out of order, belching with the taste of food, nausea and hard stool.” —Hg. “Long-lasting loss of appetite, with disgust for all food; in- tense thirst, more at night, and great desire for acids.” Hg. Gastric symptoms greatly aggravated by acid wine. Violent vomiting of mucus and bile; renewed by eating. Painful sense of fullness of stomach, as if overloaded. “Gastric catarrh, white tongue, nausea and vomiting; bowels loose ; stools in lumps.”—Hg. “Cutting colic, with watery diarrhea; cholera infantum, with yellow, stinking stools; anus excoriated.”—Hg. 78 ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM. “Diarrhea, worse from acids; sour wine; overheating; cold bathing ; night, and early mornings.”—Hg. “Alternate diarrhea and constipation in old people.”—Hyg. Constipation with excessive flatulence ; stools white and lumpy. “Hemorrhoids; a good deal of mucus continually discharged from the anus; mucous piles.”—Hg. Urinary Organs.—“Frequent and profuse urination, loaded with mucus, and diarrhea; chronic catarrh of the bladder.”—Hy. Female Sexual Organs.—“Tenderness over the ovarian region, with nausea, vomiting, and white tongue.”—Hg. “Distinct pressure in the womb, as if something would come out, with hemorrhage.”—G. Menses too early and too profuse. Watery, acrid leucorrhea. Hemorrhoidal affections during pregnancy; nausea and vomiting. Sexual desire exalted in both sexes. Air Passages.—‘Sore, cracked, and crusty nostrils, and cor- ners of the mouth.”—Hg. Cough from irritation in the abdomen; looking in the fire, or hot sun, increases the cough. “Violent spasms of the larynx and pharynx, as if the throat were filled with a plug; aphonia from getting overheated. Whooping-cough, aggravated by warmth and over-exertion. Cough loose, mucus excessive; tongue coated white. Limbs.—Arthritis in elbows, fingers, and joints of the legs. Horny warts on hands, nails grow in splits; horny growth under the nails, painfully sensitive Legs fall asleep while sitting; great sensitiveness of the soles of the feet while walking. “White swelling of the knee, with tearing pains.”—Hg. “Corns; large horny places on the soles close to toes; become inflamed and very sensitive.”—Hg. Some wonderful cures of corns and callosities have been re- ported as effected by this drug. Skin.—Horny excrescences ; thick, hard scales ; spongy ulcers ; pustules and boils, especially if the digestion is perverted. “Urticaria, comes and goes, white lumps with red areola; ~ very hot and thirsty ; from meat or over-eating.”—Hg. ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM. 79 Measles, eruption delayed, with severe vomiting and great oppression. “Complaints after bathing in cold water.”—Hg. “In old people, inflammation of the skin, corns, horny ex- crescences ; fistulous ulcers; fungus articularis; obesity; exces- sive hemorrhage, and dropsical effusions.” —Lippe. - The skin symptoms mostly depend upon indigestion. Fever.—Intermittents, white tongue; nausea and vomiting; - chill without thirst; severe thirst with the fever and sweat. “Chilliness predominates during the day; heat at night, and sweat in the morning.”—Dr. Jessen. Especially useful in intermittents and rheumatism. Head.—“Loathing of life; the greatest sadness prevails in intermittents ; irritable ; headache, with gastric symptoms.”—Hg. Much headache from perverted digestion ; mostly in forehead. Sleepless at night, but sleepy during the day. Chronic ophthalmia; eyes inflamed, and lids agglutinated at night. “Disposition to take cold about the head, from bathing in cold water; worse evenings and from getting warm.”—H49. Metastasis of gout and rheumatism, causing gastric catarrh. Hydrogenoid constitution; young people that grow fat, and can not bear cold water. Aggravation.—Evening; getting overheated; can not bear the sun; very sensitive to cold air; can not bear cold water ; from acid wine, and from motion. Amelioration.—During rest ; in open air; from warm food. 80 ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. Tartar Emetic. Chemical preparation. Trituration and Aqueous solution. Antidotes.—Cupr., Ipec., Puls., Chin., Cocc., Tannic acid. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Tartar emetic has five ‘special centers of action : I. Mucous Memupranes. Catarrh, and Pustular Inflammation. IL Skin. Pustular Inflanmation. III. Crrcunation anp Boop. Heart Depressant; Blood Liquefied. IV. Sprxan Corp. Motor and Sensory Paralysis. V. Muscutar System. Paralysis; Loss of Reflex Action. Mucous Membranes.—Tartar emetic produces pustular in- flammation of the mouth, throat, csophagus, stomach, and smallintestines. Through the vagi, it produces intense catarrhal inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Its action upon the vagi deserves particular attention. As an emetic, Tartarized Antimony produces considerable depression, with nausea in a much greater degree than most other emetics ; andthe repeated vomiting is accompanied by great strain- ing. Its action is somewhat tardy, sometimes twenty minutes to half an hour; hence, in cases of poisoning, it is an unsuitable emetic. “Magendie has shown, that, when injected into the veins, Tar- tar emetic excites nausea, even after the removal of the stomach, and its substitution by a pig’s bladder; hence, it has generally been held that this salt produces vomiting, not by its effects on the stomach, but on the nervous centers. Grimm, who is con firmed by Kleimann and Simonowitsch, finds, that, when in- jected into a vein, it excites vomiting more slowly, and a larger dose is required, than when administered by the stomach; whence he concludes that it produces vomiting by its effects on the terminations of the nerves of the stomach. Other observers explain the above facts by the supposition that Tartar emetic acts both through the terminations of the nerves of the stomach and directly on the center of vomiting. “After small medicinal doses, the stomach experiences a slight sensation of soreness,—a sensation easily mistaken for hunger. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 81 Pushed yet further, it produces increased secretion of mucus from the stomach and intestines, to the extent of producing numerous moist diarrheic motions, with colic. The bronchial mucous membrane also yields an increased secretion; and prob- ably the secretion of the whole mucous tract is augmented.’— Ringer. In poisoning by Tartar emetic, we have violent and continuous vomiting, accompanied with diarrhcea,—stools watery, bilious, and ‘sometimes bloody,—with gastro-enteritis, and sometimes peritoni- tis. The prostration is profound; pulse and respiration slow, with repeated faintings. From nine to fifteen grains is regarded as a fatal dose for a healthy adult; but death has resulted from two grains, and in children from three-quarters of a grain. Post-Mortem Appearances.—‘“The most important are those of gastritis, which are rarely wanting; in some cases this has reached the highest degree, and led to hemorrhagic exudation and infiltration upon and into the mucous membrane of the stomach, and even to abundant hemorrhage into the intestinal canal. In several cases extension of the inflammation to the serous mem- brane has been reported. Slight ulceration of the mucous mem- brane has frequently been seen; and in some cases it has been found in the upper part of the small intestines.” —Ziemssen. Kidneys.—The urine is first increased ; but, in severe poison- ing, it is generally scanty and bloody, and even suppressed. C. Gathgens found, in his experiments, an increase of the elimination of urea after repeated toxic doses of Antimony. Respiratory Organs.—“The respiration in poisoning by Anti- mony is very irregular, with all sorts of variations in the rhythm of the act. In the advanced stages, the pauses are often very long, and the inspiration and expiration so forced and prolonged that very generally, in animals at least, marginal emphysema and sub- pleural ecchymosis are found after death. The origin of the res- piratory trouble is somewhat complex ; the chief factor being the direct influence of the drug upon the respiratory nerve centers, and minor causes, the intense venous congestion due to thefailure of the circulation, and the alteration of the blood itself. Upon the mucous membrane of the lungs, it acts directly or indirectly. The venous system is much engorged, and the viscera intensely congested. Magendie says, that, in animals, poisoned by Tartar emetic, the lungs are always full of portions apparently hepatized, and in a large proportion of fatal cases, emphysema, pulmonary 82 ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. apoplexy, atelectasis, or other structural lesions of the lungs exist.” —H. C. Wood. Skin.—Pustular ecthyma is a marked effect of Tartar emetic upon the skin, whether applied locally or given internally. Tay- lor gives one case of poisoning by Antimony, where, after the third day, the patient had large numbers of pustules upon the skin. When applied locally, in from one to three days there appears first simple redness, soon followed by papules, which shortly be- come converted into vesicles, and then into pustules, varying froni one-eighth of an inch to an inch and a half in diameter, and very painful; but, if the application is withdrawn, they readily heal. Circulation and Blood.—When Tartar emetic is injected into the frog, the cardiac contractions in a very short time are lessened in frequency and force, and become irregular, the auricles pul- sating more frequently than, the ventricles, until finally arrest occurs in diastole. After death the irritability of the cardiac - muscle is almost, or more frequently entirely, destroyed. Upon the heart of the mammal, the drug acts as upon that of the frog. The arterial pressure always falls steadily and to an extreme degree. The pulse sometimes seems accelerated at first, but, in the great majority of cases, is decreased very decidedly in its rate. During this period of slow pulse, the diastolic pauses are extremely long, but the individual beat will influence the mercurial column of the cardiometer five times as much as normal. After a while the pulse suddenly becomes very rapid, the force of the heart-beat is almost completely lost, the arterial pressure falls to a minimum, and ina very few moments diastolic arrest occurs. It is evident that the action of Antimony is a direct one; the irritability of the muscle is lost.” —Wood. “There is no doubt that Tartar emetic is a powerful cardiac poison; the cessation of the heart’s action which is observed in experiments, is at all events independent of the influence of the ‘poison upon the central nervous system, since it takes place also after the destruction of the medulla oblongata. Fatty degenera- tion of the heart, liver, and kidneys, has been produced by the drug when fed to animals."—Dr. Mannyn. Blood.—Antimony produces liquefaction of the blood; and it _ coagulates very imperfectly. Temperature.—Small therapeutic doses have but little in- fluence upon the temperature; but nauseating doses reduce the temperature from one to three degrees, especially of the extremi- ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 83 ties. Poisonous doses reduce the temperature in a marked degree. Ackerman found, that, in rabbits, if they lived five hours, the depression of temperature amounted to 6° C. © Spinal Cord.—Antimony is a direct paralyzer of the motor and sensory nerves, and, through these, of the muscles. With the motor and sensory paralysis, there is loss of reflex action. _“A prominent symptom in Antimonial poisoning, is paralysis, affecting to an extraordinary degree the sensory, and to a less ex- tent the motor, system. In man, the anesthesia which occurs in animals has been overlooked; but, in the advanced stages of poisoning, it is no doubt present. According to Radziejewski, the paralysis and diminution of reflex action are of spinal origin; as they occur when the Setschenow’s center is previously separated from the cord, as well as when access of poison to an extremity has been prevented by tying the artery. The paralysis occurs in the followig order: Sensibility toward thermic and chemical irritants, then toward tactile stimuli, then toward locomotion and reflex action. Thus, a rabbit which could still drag itself around, suffered its paws to be deeply burned without evincing the slight- est evidence of feeling.” —Wood. Muscular System.—The muscles are the end organs of the motor nerves; and through these the muscular system is pros- trated, and its reflex action lost. Antimony is a protoplasmic poison, destroying function in all nitrogenous tissue. Therapeutic Individuality. Especially adapted to torpid, phlegmatic, hydrogenoid consti- tutions, afflicted with catarrh of the mucous membranes. Melancholic; bad humor; despairs of his recovery; inde- scribable anxiety and oppression of the chest. In lung and gastric affections. “Vertigo with drowsiness; the head trembles, particularly when coughing, with an inward trembling; teeth chattering, and drowsiness, more in the evening and in warmth.”—Hg. “Vertigo ; vision dim; flickering before the eyes, with press- ing headache.” —Hg. : “Cerebral ‘congestion; feels as if brain was pressed together ; in pneumonia, intermittents, and gastric affections.”—Hg. “Apoplexia nervosa and serosa.”—Hg. “Head very hot and sweaty.”—Hq. 84 ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. Eyes.—Not much action here, only through sympathy. The eyes look sunken, and are surrounded with dark circles ; choleraic diseases. “Obscuration of sight, flickering before the eyes on rising.” — Noebling. Eyes slightly inflamed; lids covered with mucus; eyes feel tired, must close them continually. © “Rheumatic and gonorrheal ophthalmia.”—Hg. Nose.—Nostrils black, smoky, inflated, and moving rapidly, like wings, in pneumonia.”—Hy. “Sneezing, fluent coryza, and chilliness, with loss of taste and smell.”—Hah. “Tight feeling across the nose, with nosebleed.”—Gross. Face.—The face expresses great anxiety in lung and gastric diseases. “Suffering, face livid, bloated, anxious; pneumonia.”—Hg. “Pale, sunken face ; nose pointed, eyes sunken ; bathed in cold sweat; in choleraic diseases.” —Hg. “Aphthe around the mouth; pustules on the face.”—Hg. Mouth.—Lips dry, parched, in pneumonia and fevers. “Tongue coated thinly, white, with reddened papille ; red edges ; tongue very red, dry in the middle, with bitter taste.” —Hg. Slmy, heavily furred white tongue, or yellow-brown, with nausea and bilious vomiting. “Pustular inflammation occurs in the mouth, throat, larynx, .. . cesophagus, stomach, and small intestines.”—Hughes. Copious salivation with nausea. _ , Catarrhal inflammation of the mouth, with much mucus in the throat. Very great thirst day and night. Stomach.—Loss of appetite; disgust for every kind of food. “Irresistible thirst for cold water; vomits the smallest quan- tity taken.” —Hg. “Desire for acids, for fruits, or for any cold drink.”—Hg. “After every drink, nausea and pressure in the pit of the stomach.”—Hq. “Nausea causes great anxiety, in diarrhea; continuous, anxious nausea, straining to vomit, with sweat on the forehead, in diarrhea.” —Hq. Nausea with great faintness, in gastro-intestinal affections. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 83 “Nausea and continuous vomiting of food, mucus, bile, and blood.”—Hg. “Much nausea and vomiting day and night; drowsiness.”—G. ‘Vomiting of large quantities of mucus and bilious matter. “Pit of the stomach sensitive, with meteorism, nausea, and vomiting.”—Hg. “Pressure in hypochondria, with distention, most in region of the liver, with vomiting of bile and mucus.”—Hg. “Icterus, with pneumonia, especially of the right lung.”—Hg. Abdomen.—Sharp, cutting colic before stool, with meteorism. “Abdomen tympanitic and very sensitive to pressure, or feels as if stuffed full of stones, though he has eaten nothing, and it does not feel hard.”—Hg. Stools.—Watery, mucous, bilious, or bloody, diarrhea. “Colliquative diarrhcea, with meteorism, and great thirst.” —G. “Stools as green as grass, slimy or watery, in summer com- plaint.”—Hg Cholera, with copious vomiting, watery diarrhcea; great cold- ness (collapse) ; thread-like, trembling pulse. “Diarrhea in pneumonia, small-pox, and suppressed erup- tions.” —Hg. Burning at the anus after stool, with stitches in the rectum. “Tenesmus during and after loose stools.” —Hqg. Urinary Organs.—Painful urging to urinate; scanty dis- charge, dark red, or the least bloody, with stitches in the bladder and burning in the urethra; spasms of the bladder. “Painful urging to urinate, depositing blood on standing.” —Hyg. Sexual Organs, Male. —Orchitis after suppressed gonorrhea. Sycosis, warts on the glans, ulcers on the genitals and thighs. Sexual Organs, Female.—Menses too early; too scanty, and last but two days. “Severe bearing-down in the vagina; UyEEnSHEEN CO, and chilliness.”—Hg. Bloody, watery leucorrhwa, worse when sitting; discharges acrid. Pustules on the pudendum. “During pregnancy, vomiting of mucus; belching; disgust for food; salivation; nausea with faintness, and amblyopia.”—Hg. No remedy excels Tartar emetic to dilate a rigid os uteri in labor. Puerperal metro-peritonitis, colliquative diarrhea and sweat ; great prostration, and no pain anywhere. 86 ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. Respiratory Organs.--The great key for the use of Tartar emetic is large collections of mucus in the bronchial tubes; ex- pectorated with great difticulty ; indicating approaching paralysis of the vagi. ; In broncho-pneumonia, second stage, with bronchi loaded with mucus, it is specitic; or acute cedema of the lungs. “Adapted to sub-acute more than to chronic affections of the air-tubes ; hence its frequent application in bronchial catarrh, for children and aged people. Infants, especially, sometimes exhibit, in the course of chronic bronchitis [acute too], sudden and alarm- ing symptoms of suffocation. In such cases a vomiting dose of this salt does much good and can not do harm. Afterward the 8x or 4x triturations act all the more favorably on the affected parts.” —Meyhoffer. “Coughing and gaping constantly, particularly in children, when crying or dozing; rattling or hollow cough; worse at night, with suffocation, throat full of phlegm, sweat on forehead, vom- iting of food.”—Hg. Cough when we have a partial paralysis of the vagi; short, hoarse, weak, nearly suffocating breathing, with whistling noise; thorax expands with great difficulty; head thrown backward, with great anxiety and prostration ; face livid and cold; forehead, and sometimes the whole body, covered with cold perspiration; pulse feeble and accelerated. “The nares escape untouched; the inflammation beginning n the larynx becomes intense in the trachea and bronchi.” —Hughes. “In pneumonia with high- graded hepatization, it aids expec- toration when resolution begins to take place. In chronic bron- chial catarrhs, emphysema bronchitasia, senile catarrhs. It gives great alleviation in tuberculosis pulmonum, but causes more rapid dissolution of the tubercles, and hastens the downward course. In croup as an intermediate remedy for the solution, and to keep off paralysis. It acts well in those cases without pro- ducing emesis.”--Dr. Hirschel. Croup. This drug is of great value in croup, with weak, hoarse voice; rapid, short, heavy, anxious breathing; danger of suffoca- tion; face blue, skin cold, clammy; large quantities of mucus in the bronchi, that can not be expectorated; catarrhal form; and is often of great utility in membranous croup. Use first three potencies. “Respiration with great rattling of mucus; it threatens to suffocate the child; in croup, bronchial catarrh, and pnev- monia.”—Hg. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 87 “Breathing-short and suffocating; extreme want of breath, worse at night; must sit up to get air; coughing relieves; in pneumonia, bronchial catarrh, and cedema of the lungs.”—Hg. “Asphyxia, from pneumonia, capillary bronchitis, atelectasis ; from accumulation of mucus which can not be expectorated ; from emphysema, acute edema pulmonum, with hydrothorax, and im- pending paralysis of the lungs; accompanied by drowsiness or coma; pale or dark face; blue lips; delirium; muscular twitch- ings; thread-like pulse; and from mechanical causes, as from drowning.” —Hq. Cireulation.—Small, frequent, thready pulse, or trembling, in pneumonia; catarrhal bronchitis and gastric affections. “Palpitation of the heart; feels warm about the heart.”—Hg. Baek.—“Violent pain in the sacro-lumbar region; the slight- est effort to move causes retching and cold sweat; or as if a load was hanging on the end of the coccyx, dragging downward all the time.” —Hg. Lumbago. No remedy in the Materia Medica can equal this drug inthis painful malady ; if given so that it will produce slight nausea, it will cure about every case. Neck and back stiff, aggravated greatly by motion, Extremities.—“ Hands cold and moist; tips of fingers icy cold, with trembling of the hands.”—Hg. “Rheumatism, pain in wrists, knees, ankles; violent pain as if the flesh were torn from the bones, or arms dislocated.”—Hg. Limbs over-fatigued ; heavy, can not move them from weak- ness. So weak can not stand; muscles twitch, and the whole body trembles. Great lassitude and debility in malarial fevers. “Prostration and collapse in choleraic diseases.” —Hg. So exhausted that he falls in a semi-coma and lies motion- less. Skin.—Skin pale, shriveled, cold and clammy. “The breast and inner surface of arms and thighs were thickly covered with an eruption of bright red, small, conical, distinct ‘hard pimples, having an inflamed base, resembling lichen, itching intolerably.”—J. H. Woodbury, M. D. In variola it is of great value, especially in second, pustular stage, size of a pea, soon covered with brown crusts; also where eruption does not come out good, with convulsions, diarrhea, etc. 88 ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. “Skin hot and dry, in pneumonia or bronchitis.” —Hg. “Vesicular eruption over whole body, with restlessness.” —Hg. Skin very sensitive to every change of the weather. Fever.—“Chill with external coldness, at all times of the day, with trembling shaking; feels as if cold water was poured over him.”—Hg. Chills and heat alternate, but chills predominate. “Long-lasting heat after a chill, with somnolency, and sweat on the forehead, or profuse cold, clammy sweat, with great thirst.” —Hq. “Skin chilly, with copious sweats that do not relieve.”—Hg. “Temperature increased in pneumonia and rheumatism.”—Hg. Intermittents, with long-lasting sweats, and marked gastric affections, and soporous sleep. Bilious and gastric fevers; great prostration; much uausea and vomiting, with great prostration ; and cold sweats. Profuse night sweats after intermittents; patient is drowsy and has much jerking of the limbs. Asthenic fevers, with great debility and much trembling. I use the first three triturations, and am satisfied. As a counter-irritant, Tartar emetic is often of great value in lung diseases and chronic affections of the spine. Aggravation.—In the evening; damp, cold weather; getting warm in bed, and from lying crooked. Amelioration.—In open, cool air ; during the day ; from sitting erect, and from moistening the affected parts. APIS MELLIFICA. 89 APIS MELLIFICA. Poison of the Honey-bee. Habitat: America, Europe, etc. Trituration of the poison-sac, or tincture, Class IV. Antidotes.—Lach., Urt. ur., Canth., Lactic acid, and Plantain. Through the organic nervous system, Apis has five special centers of action: I Cextiunar Tissue. Cidema and Dropsy. Il. Sxiy. Urticarious Inflammation. Jil. Serous MemBranes. Dropsy. IV. Mucous MemBranes. Cdematous Inflammation. V. Guanv. 8. Ovaries, Testicles, and Tonsils, Hypertrophied. Cellular Tissue.—Apis produces rapid swelling of the cellu- lar tissue, with redness, burning, and stinging pains, which are soon followed by acute cedema and dropsy. Stings of bees pro- duce erysipelatous swelling of the face, so great that they can be hardly recognized, from infiltrations into the cellular tissue. The legs and feet become greatly edematous. Skin.—Apis produces urticarious inflammation of the skin. Dr. H. Goullon says: “It cures internal morbid states which re- flect themselves on the skin; e. g., an exanthema with burning, itching, fissuring pains; an urticaria with red or white areola, spots or pimples; a vesicular eruption with a bluish-red, hard, hot base; an cedematous or erysipelatous swelling; ulcers, or suppressed scarlatina and measles.” Serous Membranes.—Here, this drug produces a condition similar to those which are the products of serous inflammation ; i. e., dropsical effusions, as hydro-pericardium, ascites, and hydro- cephalus; and it has been of signal service in dropsical effu- sions. Mucous Membranes.—Apis produces inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes, mouth, fauces, tonsils, throat, gastro-intestinal tract, kidneys, and neck of the bladder ; more of a sub-acute catarrhal variety, dipping down into the cellular tissue, producing an cedematous inflammation. 90 APIS MELLIFICA. Glandular System.—It acts especially upon the ovaries and testicles, producing congestion, mild inflammation, with a great _ tendency to become dropsical; acting more especially upon the left ovary, producing suppression of the menses, dysmenorrhea, with scanty menstruation, and swelling of the labia of an edema- tous nature. Therapeutic Individuality. Particularly adapted to diseases that are located upon the left side of the body (fauces, tonsils, ovaries). The pains that are peculiarly characteristic are like the sting of a bee, burning, stinging; and, in most all diseases that call for Apis, the urme is extremely high colored and scanty. Meningitis, with effusion; child lies in torpor; delirium; sudden shrill cries; squinting; grinding of teeth; boring head in pillow; one side twitching, the other paralyzed; much sweat of the head, and urine very scanty; sub-acute stage; no thirst. “Sopor, interrupted by piercing shrieks; restless; absent- mindedness.” —Hg. “Thinks he will die; muttering delirium; continual moaning and screaming; violent screaming; cannot help crying.” —Hg. Great indifference ; apathy ; discouraged ; irritable and fidgety. “Confused vertigo, worse when sitting than when walking, extreme when lying down, and on closing the eyes; nausea and headache.” —Hg. “Congestion of blood to the head and face; fullness in head from suppressed menses or albuminuria.” —Hg. “Head dull, and so heavy that it can not be moved; great. pain in the occiput, with sharp shrieks ; apoplexia serosa.”—Hg. “Head feels swollen; puffiness of the scalp; erysipelas and ceedema.”—Hg. Hair falls out in spots; burning, stinging pains in scalp. Ears.—“Otitis after scarlatina, with hardness of hearing; redness and swelling of both ears.” Hg. Erysipelatous and cedematous inflammation of the ears. Eyes.—‘“This is an important eye remedy ; and it is especially applicable to inflammations, with burning, biting pains; inflam- mations following eruptive diseases; inflammations with severe shooting pains, heat of the head, red face, cold feet, etc. Ery- sipelatous inflammations of the lids, with adjacent smooth swell- ing of the face, especially with chemosed conjunctiva, etc. Vari- _. APIS MELLIFICA. 91 ous forms of blepharitis, with thickening or swelling, such as incipient phlegmon, with great puffiness and stinging pains. Often the remedy for acute catarrhal conjunctivitis, with bright redness and chemosis of the conjunctiva, with stinging pains. Various forms of keratitis, with dreadful shooting pains through the eye; lids swollen; hot lachrymation, gushing out on opening the eyes; photophobia, and ulceration of the cornea, the dis- charges are not acrid.”—A. and N. “In staphyloma and hypopyon, when based on an erysipelatous or scrofulous diathesis, study Apis.”—Goullon. “Cornea thick, having dark, smoky spots, keratitis.” —Hg. Scrofulous pustular keratitis, with tumefaction of the lids; much relief from cold water. “Dilated pupils, in meningitis infantum; squinting of one or both eyes, trembling and rolling of the eyeballs in sleep.” —Hg. “Lids edematous; bag-like swelling under the eyes; lids feel stiff, are swollen.” —Hg. Granulations or styes; ulceration of lids; eyelashes fall out. Nose.—Erysipelatous inflammation of the nose, with burning, stinging pains. Nasal catarrh, with thick, white, fetid mucous discharge, often mixed with blood; often seen in scarlatina; or dryness and swelling. Face.—Swollen, pale, waxen, cedematous; or erysipelatous inflammation of the face. In dropsy and albuminuria, the face. has marked cedema, often extending to the lips. _ Mouth.—Buccal cavity red, swollen, and cedematous, with. burning, stinging pains. “Gums sacculated, look watery, or bleed easily.”—Hg. “Tongue red at the tip, or dry, with a brown streak down the middle, sides moist; dryness of the tongue, with fiery redness of buccal cavity, and very painful.”—Hg. Tongue dry and trembling; can not taste or talk (typhoid). Inflammation of the tongue; it is much swollen, dry and glossy. Tongue covered with a thick white coating in diseases of the- throat and stomach; deep red in scarlatina, cracked, or covered with vesicles. Throat,—Malignant diphtheria ; mouth, throat, pharynx, bright red, glossy, as if varnished; in places coated white, but often with dirty grayish, tough membrane ; not much pain; breath very fetid, and great debility. This diphtheritic angina is often cedem- atous. ‘92, APIS MELLIFICA. “Scarlatina eruption just subsiding; throat intensly red, dry, and glazed looking, with small gray ulcers in the throat; fever, skin dry; pulse quick, and great exhaustion.” —Hg. Swallowing is done with great difficulty; tonsils greatly swol- len and edematous; with stinging, burning pains when swallow- ing. “Could not bear anything to touch his neck; could hardly breathe from suffocation.”—Dr. C. W. Boyce. Stomach.—Complete loss of appetite. “Drinks often, but little at a time; or no thirst.”—Hg. “Great soreness when touched in pit of stomach, under the ribs, in abdomen; heaviness and distress in the stomach after eating.” —Hq. Vomiting in acute hydrocephalus; vomiting of mucus and bile. Great soreness and burning in the stomach. “Gastralgia, with bilious diarrhea.”—Hg. Congestion of the liver and spleen, with bruised pains. Abdomen.—Inflammation of the peritoneum and bowels, with ascites, and great tenderness of the whole abdomen. “Sensation in the abdomen as if something tight would break, if too much effort was made to void a constipated stool.”—G. ; “Plunging pain in the abdomen, pains like a bee-sting in peri- tonitis, with great prostration ; rapid pulse, and fever.”—G. Stool.—One of our best remedies for morning diarrhcea. “Diarrhea every morning, stool green, yellow, watery or slimy mucus.”—Hg. “Copious green watery, or thin yellow mucus, with great pros- tration; the stools occur with every motion of the body, as if the anus were constantly open (Phosphorus).”—Hq. “Olive-green, slimy, profuse stools, full of bright red lumps like chopped beets, with colic and tenesmus.”—Hq. “Chronic diarrhea, with many small passages of blood and mucus, in women at critical age.”—Hg. Dysentery, anus feels raw and excoriated, in hemorrhage from the bowels, with burning pains, and tenesmus. In many diseases there is obstinate constipation. Urinary Organs.—This is one of the most valuable centers for the use of Apis, when the urine is dark and scanty, especially in ascites and all kinds of dropsy; abdominal walls sore, with, stinging pains. APIS MELLIFICA. 93. “Incontinence of urine, with great irritation of the parts, worse at night and when coughing.”——Raue. Catarrh of the urinary canaliculi, after scarlatina that runs a. rapid course, accompanied by albuminuria and general anasarca. Inflammation of the bladder, with vesical tenesmus, and scanty urine. Excessive pain in the region of the kidneys and bladder. Frequent, painful, scanty, bloody urination ; urine scanty and high colored in most diseases that call for Apis. Sexual Organs, Male.—Hydrocele and dropsy of the scrotum ;. excessive cedema of the parts. “Sycosis, copious secretion of thin, ichorous matter, with burning, stinging pains; condylomata; ulcers of the glans. penis.”——Hq. Erysipelatous inflammation of the genitalia. Orchitis with much hypertrophy of the testicle. Sexual Organs, Female.—Increased sexual desire. Enlargement and great irritation of the ovaries, especially the left, with stinging pains. “Burning, stinging pains in the right ovary for several months. “Ovaritis, sharp, cutting, lancinating pains in ovarian region, extending down the thighs; worse right side; numbness in side and limb.”—Hg. “Constant feeling of weight and heaviness in ovarian region, with a sense of tightness and stinging pains.”—Hg. , Great irritation in ovarian region, with soreness and stinging, burning pains. “Inflammation, induration, enlargement, swelling and dropsy of the ovaries, principally the right, often accompanied with paroxysms of severe pain.” —Hg. “Dropsy of the right ovary, with so great an accumulation of fluid that motion is almost impossible, with stinging, lancinating pains; urine scanty, and general anasarca.”—Hg. Apis has cured simple ovarian cysts; but, when they are solid tumors, its usefulness probably ceases. The specific action of Apis upon the ovaries is most marked and wonderful. Great sensitiveness of the uterus; menses premature and very copious, with bearing-down pain in the uterus. “Menorrhagia, with heaviness in the abdomen; faintness, restlessness, yawning, with urticaria.”—Hg. Menses very irregular, scanty, with great weakness; ovaries congested, with stinging pains and congestive dysmenorrhea. 94 APIS MELLIFICA. . “Amenorrhea with pain in the right ovary; prolapsus uteri, cedema of the labia, and much debility.” —Hg. ~~ “Leucorrhea acrid, profuse, green or yellowish.”—Hg. (idema of the labia, often very great. — : Acute erysipelatous inflammation of the labia, with stinging pains. Pregnancy.—“ Abortion during the early months, with stinging pains in the ovarian region until labor-pains ensue; much flow- ing and then abortion.” —Hg. “Menorrhagia, with miscarriage.”-—Hg. Mamme.—Enlargement and induration of the mamme, with stinging, burning pains; suppuration, with great tenderness. . Scirrhous tumors, or open cancer; nipple everted, with sting- ing pains. Erysipelatous inflammation of the mamme. Mamme discharge bloody milk. Respiratory Organs.—Apis is of great value in all dropsical effusions of the chest. Cidematous swelling of the sub-mucous cellular tissue of the larynx, with suffocating cough. “The Apis cough is suffocating, painful, but not so hard as the Belladonna cough, but there is more dyspnea, and often an edematous eruption upon the skin. The action of Apis on the larynx offers great analogies to that of Belladonna; and, where the latter fails (or Atropine), Apis may perfect a rapid cure. Apis may also help in that rough, painful cough, accompanied by clear salivation, where the saliva can be drawn out into long strings, like Mercury or Kali bi.”—Goullon. ; Croup, with rattling, hoarse, suffocating cough; cedema glot- tidis; the respirations very laborious and difficult, with great prostration. “Chronic laryngitis, with hoarseness, dryness and burning of larynx ; voice hoarse and rough.”—Hg. “Cough, with threatening resonance which denotes implication of the upper part of the windpipe; bronchitis; cough croupy, with ringing sound; dry, with gagging; soreness of upper partof the chest, with painful concussion of the head, and labored breathing.” —Hg. -“Great feeling of suffocation ; can not bear anything about the throat.”—H 9. : Oppression of chest, as though patient would smother. APIS MELLIFICA. 95 Heart.—Inflammation of the pericardium, with effusion ; feel- ing of suffocation ; pulse hard, small, and quick. ’ “Feeling about the heart as if something was breaking away; great anguish, and sense of suffocation.” —Hg. Intermittent, feeble pulse, in dropsy, or violent beating of the heart. “Pulse changes frequently in character; meningitis; dropsy; typhus, ete.”—Hg. Chest feels as if beaten, jammed, or bruised. Neck and Back.—Glands of neck swollen, with stiffness of neck (diphtheria). “Pain, with stiffness from neck down between shoulders.” —Hg. “Burning and heat, like prickly heat, on the back.” —Hg. “Burning pressing in coccygeal region, worse when sitting down.” —Hg. Bearing-down in small of the back before menstruation. Extremities.—(Cidema of the hands; numbness of fingers. Rheumatism of the right arm and shoulder. “Right arm red, swollen, erysipelatous and with stinging pains.”—Hg. “Arms paralyzed, and swollen, white as putty.”--Hg. Panaritium, with stinging pains; dissecting wounds. General dropsy, legs and feet waxy, pale, and cedematous. Albuminuria and general dropsy; the legs and feet are enor- ‘mously swollen, numb and stiff; can hardly walk. “Burning pain in both lower limbs, from thighs to ankles; could not move the feet.”—Hg. “Thrombosis, limb immovable, covered with reddish and bluish streaks and spots; hard, elastic, hot, exceedingly painful, especially along the crural vessels and nerves.”—Hg. Acute synovitis of the knee, followed by effusion ; all the joints and limbs are very sore. Fever.—‘“Intermittents ; chill 4. p. m.; worse in a warm room ; or near the stove; renewed chilliness from the slightest motion, with heat of the face and hands; falls into a deep sleep. Pro- tracted cases with no sweat.”—D. The great key for Apis in intermittents is, that the sweating stage is almost entirely absent, and the patient during the heat ‘sleeps continually, with more or less headache. High temperature, with suppuration, scarlatina, or erysipelas. Typhoid, patient apathetic, with much prostration. 96 APIS MELLIFICA. “Sphacelated erysipelas; scarlet rash; red points here and there upon the skin.”—G. “Scarlatina, dry nose and throat, with hydrocephalus.”—Hg, Blood-poisoning, from scarlatina, diphtheria, or erysipelas. Lymphatic vessels affected, hard and painful under the skin, Skin.—Unusually white, almost transparent, in dropsical effu- sions: legs and feet greatly swollen, and urine scanty. “Skin extremely sensitive to contact, painful to the slightest. touch ; could not bear the sheet upon him.”—Hg. “Erysipelas after wounds; mortified cellular tissue after vac- cination ; unhealthy suppuration of ligatures.”—Hg. Varicose veins, burn and sting much; acute phlebitis. Urticaria, comes suddenly, itches and burns like bee-stings. “Stinging ; burning; pricking; smarting or itching of the skin; very sensitive to the slightest touch.”—Hg. “Skin very hot, red, and irritated; or has a bloated, swollen appearance, in scarlatina.”—Hg. Stings from insects, with red, inflamed eruption, burning like. fire, and itching intolerably. Grand for nettle-rash. Anasarca and general dropsy; first stages of albuminuria after scarlatina, or suppressed eruptions; scanty urine, breath: suffocating ; patient can not lie down. Carbuncle, with stinging, burning pains. Grand remedy to lessen the pain. Good in variola, with great thirst, or none at all. Aggravation.—Worse in cold weather ; chest diseases ; night, especially after midnight; overheated, closed rooms are insup- portable. Amelioration.—Pressing relieves headache ; washing in cold water relieves skin affections; likes the open air. APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. 97 APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. Indian Hemp. Habitat, America. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Apocynum has three special centers of action: I. Mucous Membranes. Increased Secretion. II. Serous MEMBRANES AND CELLULAR TissuE. Dropsy. TIL Sxix. Diaphoresis. Mucous Membrane.—Upon the mucous membrane of the gas-. tro-intestinal canal, through the pneumogastric nerve, Apocynum produces increased secretions ; violent nausea and vomiting, with increased alvine discharges. It is a powerful emetic and cathartic. ; Kidneys.—Here not only the mucous membrane is affected, but the whole vascular system of the kidney; the increased blood- pressure is very great. There is no destruction of the mucous epithelium, nor traces of blood in the urine. The first effect of the drug is to produce copious diuresis: and the secondary effect is, urine exceedingly scanty, the kidney remaining in a torpid, pas- sive state; and its greatest therapeutic value is in renal dropsy. Lungs.—The mucous membrane of the air-passages becomes congested, producing “stuffy ” catarrh. Serous Membrane and Cellular Tissue.—Upon these tis- sues, Apocynum produces a general dropsical condition of a marked character; as ascites, hydrothorax, anasarca, and great cedema of the legs and feet; and no remedy has been of more value in acute dropsical affections, especially if the renal organs were involved. Skin.—Here this drug produces copious perspiration; and it is a marked diuretic; or, the skin becomes dry and husky. Therapeutic Individuality. “Dropsy, in its various forms, is the chief curative sphere of Apocynum; but renal dropsy is strictly the proper sphere of its action. Anasarca, ascites, edema of the legs, and even hydrothoraz, 98 APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. may all proceed from suspended action of the kidneys, as an idiopathic affection. When this is the case Apocynum will rarely fail to cure, when no structural disease of the kidneys exists. Other dropsies may be temporarily removed or palliated by its use, but not cured. It is this palliative power which gave it the name, among the early physicians, of the ‘vegetable trocar,’ meaning that its value was similar to that of tapping.”— Hale. In post-scarlatinal dropsy, with albuminuria and general ana- sarca, I have made most brilliant cures with the tincture, in from one to five drop doses. The best cures with this drug have been made with the tincture and decoction in from one to two drachm doses. In dropsies where this drug is called for, there will be always scanty and dark-colored urine. “All kinds of dropsies, with a sinking feeling at the pit of the stomach; idiopathic, chronic, and asthenic forms of dropsy, con- nected with a watery, non-albuminous state of the blood, and gen- eral debility.” —Hale. ; Ascites, with bruised feeling in the abdomen; sinking feeling at the pit of the stomach, and scanty urine. Dropsy of the serous membrane ; excretions diminished, espe- cially the urine and sweat; acute inflammatory dropsy; great thirst, but water causes pain and vomiting; rheumatic stiffness, with no organic disease. “Hydrocephalus; stupor, sight of one eye totally lost; con- stant motion of one arm, and one leg; sutures of forehead open; stage of effusion. Head.—‘*Low-spirited and nervous; stupor; pain in the fore- head.”—Hg. Acute hydrocephalus; projecting sutures; spasms of the arm and leg, with inflammation of one eye. Cold in the head; violent coryza; stuffy colds. Face edematous, in dropsical effusions. Digestive Organs.—Tongue coated brownish white, and dry. Great thirst, but water disagrees, and is vomited up at once. “Distressing vomiting with menorrhagia; considerable gastric disturbance, after scarlatina.”—Hyg. j “Patient becomes very drowsy, and vomits very often; pulse slow.” —Hq. . Sense of great emptiness or sinking in the epigastrium. “Congestion of the liver, of the portal system, with ascites; the abdomen is much distended painful and very sore.”—Hg. APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. 99 Ascites with bruised feeling in the abdomen and scanty urine. Copious, watery diarrhcea, or bilious stools. Constipation is a prominent symptom of this drug. Urinary Organs.—Excessive, light-colored urination. Urine high colored and extremely scanty, in dropsy. Puerperal convulsions from uremia. Dr. Fahnestock has re- ported five successful cases, when used hypodermically. “Wetting the bed at night.”—Hg. Sexual Organs, Male.—In the male, the scrotum and penis are highly edematous. Acute hydrocele has been reported cured with this drug. Sexual Organs, Female.—“Most exhausting menorrhagia, the blood expelled in large clots. A moderate flow of catamenia for a day or two; then it suddenly sets in with such violence that she can not be out of bed.”—Hg. “Metrorrhagia, continuous or paroxysmal; fiuid or clotted; nausea, vomiting, palpitation; pulse quick, feeble when moved; fainting when raising up.”—Hg. Ovarian tumors, monocystic, of short duration, with scanty urine, and great cedema of the legs and feet. Great cedema of the vulva. Respiratory Organs.—Can scarcely speak for want of breath, in hydro-pericardium. “Agonizing difficulty of breathing ; can not remain in a recum- bent position, in dropsy of the chest.”—-Hg. Lying down produces violent dyspnea. “Great dyspnaa; wheezing breathing, and cough, sometimes loose, but mostly dry ; can not walk ; dropsy of pericardium.”—Hg. Suffocative and incessant dry, hacking cough; sometimes the cough is loose, expectoration copious and watery. Excellent in hemoptysis, with nausea and weak pulse. Frequent palpitation on moving, in dropsy of the chest; pulse small and irregular; vitality greatly weakened. Extremities.—“Finger-nails of a lead color in heart dis- ease.”—Hg. Knees stiff; rheumatism ; edema of the feet and ankles very great in general dropsy; legs extremely weak. “Involuntary motion of one arm and one leg in hydroceph- alus.”—Hg. 100 ARGENTUM NITRICUM. Fever.—Skin dry and husky, especially at night. Body covered with large, cold drops of sweat; heart disease. Acute rheumatism, or inflammatory dropsy. “Skin at first hot and dry, later cold; clammy; general cedema.”—Dr. Jessen. In dropsy, when the skin moistens improvement commences. Aggrayation.—At night and in the morning, and sudden atmospheric changes from warm to cold. Amelioration.—Warm, dry weather, and during the day. ARGENTUM NITRICUM. Nitrate of Silver. Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution, and trituration. Antidotes.—Chlor. of Sod., Ferrous Sulphide, Mere., Ars. Through the great vegetative nervous system, Argentum has six special centers of action: I. Mucous MemsBranes. Atony; Destructive Inflammation. Il. Cartitacinous System. Destructive Inflammation. III. GuanpuLtar System. Induwration. IV. Buoop. Destruction of Red Corpuscles; Chlorosis. V. Sin. Nodular and Vesicular Inflammation. VI. Cerepro-SprnaL System. (Moror Tract.) Convulsions. Mucous Membranes.—Upon the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, the main action of Argentum is to pro- duce atony with great flatulence; but, when given in large doses, it causes vomiting, purging, and violent gastro-intestinal inflam- mation. The action of this drug upon the abdominal sympathetic is well marked. The liver and kidneys are profoundly affected. After death in chronic poisoning, the epithelial structures of these organs are found in an advanced stage’of degeneration. Fatty degeneration of these organs has often been noted. Increased secretion from the intestinal glandular apparatus, with soft, mushy, or copious watery stools ; and when this is long continued, ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 101 - gastro-intestinal catarrh will be produced. The mucous mem- brane of the liver and kidneys becomes greatly swollen; bile is increased, and albumen is frequently found in the urine. Ulcera- tion of the stomach and duodenum has been produced by Argen- tum. Cartilaginous System.—Especially that of the ears, nose, false ribs, tarsal cartilages, tendons, and ligaments of joints. pro- ducing destructive inflammation. Glandular System.—Upon the salivary glands, testicles, liver, and kidneys, Argentum produces induration and fatty de- generation of their tissues. Blood.—Here it produces defective oxidation, destruction of the red corpuscles, anemia, and depressed temperature. Skin.—The skin becomes an olive or slate color, from deposits of the silver in the tissues. Dr. Pepper says the staining of the skin is always preceded by a dark line upon the gums. If also causes violent itching on various localities, with nodular and vesicular eruptions. Cerebro-Spinal System.—Silver has a special action upon the cerebro-spinal system, as shown by the tetanic convulsions, paralysis, and insensibility that ensue from large doses. These convulsions, M. M. Charcot believes, are centric, from disturbance of the motor tract; but Prof. H.C. Wood believes that the con- vulsions are reflex; i.e., excited bv the least peripheral irritation, and, also, persisting after the complete abolition of voluntary movements. “The paralysis is general, and is especially seen in the pulmonary branches of the vagii—death ensuing from as- phyxia, with the same condition of the lungs as when their nerves are divided. In the provers. the neurotic effect of the drug was manifest in headache deep in the substance of the brain. with low spirits ; vertigo; want of mental power; restless, dreamful slvep, weakness of the spine, with pain in the small of the back: and very marked debility of the lower extremities, almost approaching to paraplegia.” —Dr. R. Hughes. Therapeutic Individuality. Local Application.—Inflammation artificially induced in tis- sues already the seat of inflammation will lead to a cure of the original inflammation, especially if it be located upon the mucous tissue of the eyes, nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, urethra, vagina, 102 ARGENTUM NITRICUM. aud even the gastro-intestiual tract. In inflammation and ulcer- ation of these tissues, the local effect of lunar caustic, in the solid or fluid form, is wonderful, to arouse and substitute a healthy for an unhealthy action. When applied in the fluid form, the salt should be dissolved in nitrous ether in the proportion of from jive to twenty grains of the caustic to one ounce of the ether. This solu- tion acts more energetically than the aqueous solution, and will readily vesicate. The surgeon could hardly practice without this the most valuable of all caustics. Head.—Great melancholia and weakness of memory: can not fix the mind upon anything; easily wearied. “General appearance imbecile; talk very childish: does not work for fear he will do harm, or that he can not stand it.”—Hg. “ Hypochondriasis, always hurried and anxious; constantly talking about his sufferings ; thinks he is neglected or despised by his family: tainks he has softening of the brain ; constantly com- plains of vertigo; incessant mental anxiety; fears to be alone; . thinks he will die."—Hg. “Patient can not think, talk, or walk; the head gets dizzy; time seems to pass too slowly; everything done for him seems to be done too slowly."—G. “Vertigo with cerebral congestion; can not walk in the dark, or with the eyes closed, it makes him so dizzy.”"—Hq. Excessive congestion of blood to the head: it seems enlarged, with dull or throbbing headache (gastric). Hemicrania, with pressing, throbbing pains, relieved by binding something tightly around the head. “Boring in the frontal eminence.”"—Lembke. “Digging, cutting motion through the left hemisphere of the brain, from occiput to forehead.”—Hah. “Tiching. creeping, and crawling of the scalp, as of vermin, or as if the roots of the hair were pulled: must scratch all the time.” —Hah. Ears.—Otalgia, with tearing pains in the ears. “Buzzing in the ears. with general debility : trembling of the limls ; complete deafness in typhus." —Hq. Chronic otorrhcea, and eczema of the meatus. (Locally.) Eyes.—The local application of Argentum nitricum is of more valne than its internal administration: hut it is of great value both ways. In torpid conjunctivitis. granular lids. and purulent ophthalmia, an aqueous solution of from five to twenty grains of ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 1038 the salt to the ounce of water is applied by the use of a camel’s- hair pencil. “The greatest service that Arg. nit. performs is in purulen ophthalmia. With large experience in both hospital and private practice, we have not lost a single eye from this disease, and every one’ has been treated with internal remedies; most of them with Arg. nit. of a high potency, 30th or 200th. We have witnessed the most intense chemosis—with strangulated vessels, most pro- fuse. purulent discharge, even the cornea beginning to get hazy and looking as though it would slough—subside rapidly under Arg. nit. internally. The subjective symptoms are almost none; their very absence, with the profuse purulent discharge and the swol- len lids, from a collection of pus in the eye, or swelling of the sub-conjunctival tissue of the lids themselves, indicates the drug (Apis, Rhus).”—A. and N. “ Acts especially upon the ciliary muscle of the eye, producing intolerance of light, dilated pupil, from want of accommodation.” —Dr. Woodyatt. .. “Eyes red; shuns light; worse in warm room, better in cool air." —Hg. Acute and chronic conjunctivitis, in its most aggravated form ; lids granulated, with great secretion of mucus. (Internally and locally.) Ciliary blepharitis from being over a fire; better from cold air and cold applications. Lids crusty, swollen, very sore and thick; cedema of lids. Syphilitic ophthalmia, especially initis. Of great use in ophthalmia neonatorum. leep the eve clean with milk and water; this is imperative. Face.—Looks prematurely old: sunken, pale, bluish, leaden color, or yellow, dirty looking. “Prosopalgia ; infra-orbital neuralgia, left side."—Hg. Nose.—Acute coryza; discharge like boiled starch. Ulceration of the septum, with discharge of pus and blood, with loss of smell (syphilitic). (Locally and internally.) Mouth.—Toothache, aggravated by cold water: teeth black in typhoid fever; gums tender, and bleed easily. “Tongue red, painful, papille erect. prominent; tongue dry, hard as a chip, and black like the teeth (typhoid); red streak down the middle of the tongue; tongue coated white or yellow- 104 ARGENYUM NITRICUM. white; trembling, dry tongue; tongue furred, with clean edges (dyspepsia). —Hy. Aphthx of the tongue and mouth. (Excellent locally.) “Chronic angina; uvula and fauces dark red; thick, tenacious mucus in the throat, obliging constant hawking.” —Hg. “Sensation as if a splinter were lodged in the throat; swal- lowing very difficult and painful, as if something were lodged there.” —Hy. Appetite.— Appetite fair, or complete loss of appetite. Great desire for sugar or sweet things. Most all gastric affections are accompanied by belching. Stomach.—Great distention of the stomach, with violent belching of gas, from atony of the gastric mucous membrane. “The stomach seems as if it would burst with wind, accom- panied with great desire to belch, which is accomplished with difficulty, when the air rushes out with great violence.”--G. Belching of wind affords marked relief. “Painful swelling of the pit of the stomach, with great anx- ety." —Dr. J. O. Mueller. “Pain immediately after eating, and continuing as long as the food remains down; vomiting in about one hour; gastric ulcer, and dyspepsia; pain after every meal, with much belching and great hypochondriasis ; the pain often extends to the heart, pro- ducing palpitation and mtermittent pulse.”—Hg. Dyspepsia; stomach greatly distended, with violent palpita- tion of the heart by spells, and an intermittent pulse. “Tncessant vomiting of food, with a smooth, dry tongue, apparently destitute of papille; awakens at midnight with op- pression at stomach as from a heavy lump, causing vomiting of glairy, stringy mucus.”—Hy. The vomited matter often tinges the clothes black. Gastro- dynia, pain radiating in-all directions; increases and decreases evadually, with excessive flatulence. Inflammation and ulceration of the stomach; great pain m the epigastrium, extending to heart and liver. Liver.—‘ Great tension, as from a band around the hypo- chondria ; region of liver very sensitive to pressure; cutting like knives in the liver, with gastraleia."—Hq. Abdomen.—Great distention of the abdomen from flatulence, im dyspepsia, with eriping in the bowels. 4 4 : i ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 105 Loud rumbling from flatulence, with sudden stitches. Stool.—"“ After taking fluid, it appears as though it were running straight through the intestinal canal without stopping ; stools of green, fetid mucus, voided with much flatulence.”"—G. Acid stools, from early morn till noon; desire for stool con- tinually ; stools bilious and watery; in fleshy people. Cholera infantum ; stools ax soon as he drinks, runs straight through. “Stools of green, fetid mucus, with noisy flatulence at night ; green, brown, bloody, sour, slimy; and sour taste.”—Hg. “ Dysenteric stools, consisting of masses of epithelial substance, connected by muco-lymph and colored red or green, shreddy, fre- quently passed with severe bearing-down in the hypogastrium. On rising, sense of weight in the back. Advanced stages of dysen- tery, with suspected ulceration of the bowels.”—Dr. J.C. Morgan. Constipation and diarrhcea, alternate; in dyspepsia. Bleeding hemorrhoids, with burning and tenesmus. Urinary Organs.—Urine is voided unconsciously, day and night, but more at night; highly colored and scanty. “Paralytic debility of the lumbar region and kidneys; urie passes unconsciously and uninterruptedly."—Hg. “Urine burns while passing; the urethra feels swolleu, and as if the last drop remained behind.”"—Hg. Bloody urine, from gravel, with nephritic colic. Sugar in the urine, with much flatulence and indigestion. “Sub-acute nephritis, great hematuria; the hemorrhage re- sisted all kinds of treatment. Oxide of silver, three half-grain doses, cured.” —T’. Cole, M. D. Sexual Organs, Male.—Impotence; organs shriveled. with feeble erections, and want of sexual desire. Gonorrhea in second stage, with priapisms; dysuria; bloody urine, and muco-purulent discharge. (Injections of from one to five grains of the salt to one ounce of water.) In the first stage, of twelve hours’ duration, injections will frequently abort it; but the physician seldom sees the case so early. Uleers and chancres on the prepuce, glans, and in the urethra, are frequently greatly benefited by the use of this caustic in the solid form; but usually the application of Calomel is far better. Orchitis from suppressed gonorrhea. (Internally; and exter- nally the ethereal solution.) “Urethra swollen, hard, knotty, and painful.”—Hg. Chronic gleet ; injections will often lead to a cure. 106 ARGENTUM NITRICUM. Sexual Organs, Female.—Much pain of a cutting character in the right ovarian region, with metrorrhagia. Menses much too early, too profuse, and last too long. “Uterine hemorrhage, with much trouble in the head, greatly aggravated by motion; bleeding ulcers of the womb.”—G. “Coition painful, followed by bleeding from the womb.”—Hg. “ Granulations on the cervix uteri; uterus softened ; pains like slivers in and about the womb, excited by motion.”"—Hg. Uterine ulceration ; bleeding from the least touch; with indi- gestion and great despondency. It should be used locally and luternally. In prolapsus uteri, with ulceration of the os and cervix, it should be used internally and locally, especially if it be accom-, panied with profuse, acrid, yellow, or bloody leucorrhea. Pruritus vulve. In this great affliction, no remedy can take the place of Arg. nit., when applied locally in the form of the ethereal solution, or the solid porte caustique. Chanere of the vulva, vagina, or uterus. (Applied locally.) Pregnancy.—* During pregnancy, stomach feels as if it would burst with wind; head feels expanded.”—Hg. “Puerperal convulsions; spasms preceded by a sensation of general expansion, mostly of the face and head: after an attack she lies quiet; but, before another, she becomes very restless; has a presentiment of an approaching attack.’—Hq. Disposed to abortion, with many gastric symptoms. Nipples become cracked and very sore. (Locally.) Suckling infants die early with marasmus and diarrhea. Scirrhus mamme ; painful to touch, with dyspepsia. Larynx.—Chronic laryngitis : voice hoarse, or complete apho- nia; larynx raw and sore: especially in singers, when raising the voice causes coughing. “Tickling, itching, and burning in the larynx, with rattling of mucus, removed in small lumps by cough.”—Hq. Ulceration of the larynx affecting the cartilages (syphilitic). Respiration.—-Excessively offensive breath. “Motion, going up stairs. or bodily exertion cause asthmatic uttacks ; face congested; palpitation: chronic form; many peo- ple in the room seem to take away his breath.” —Hq. Flatulent. dry. spasmodic asthma: great constriction and spasms of the respiratory muscles; can not talk; drinking suffo- cates him. In people withered and dried up from disease. ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 107 * Awakes with suffocation; deep inhalation takes away the breath.”"—Hg. Cough.—Dry cough, only in the day-time. “Sub-acute pleuritis; dry, hard cough; left side very sore.”—Hy. Moist, tough cough ; expectoration muco-purulent, and some- times mixed with blood; or pure blood, coughed suddenly. “Nightly dry cough; or some mucus streaked with blood; aphonia. "—Hg. “Suffocating cough, at first dry, later loose; belching or strainmg to vomit during the cough; worse from tobacco smoke.”—I1y. “Feels like a bar of iron around her chest; dyspepsia.”—Hg. Chromic pleurodyviuia : sub-acute pleuritis in phthisis. ‘Violent pain in left side, from dyspepsia. Heart.—Palpitation of the heart; beats from three to seven times, then loses one beat: violent palpitation, from mental emo- tion or sudden muscular exertion, reflex from the stomach; dys- pepsia. “Anxiety, with palpitation and throbbing through the whole body. especially head and abdomen; when sitting quietly, he frequently thinks his heart stops beating; suddenly he will feel -two strong beats, apparently arising from the stomach and pass- ing into the head; hypochondriasis.”—ITg. The palpitation and irregular action of the heart, with de- spondency. 18 a marked symptom of Argentum nit.; and it is all sympathetic from dyspepsia. Back.—Much pain im the small of the back; severe when rising from a seat: better when walking. “Backache, especially at night, with great weakness of legs, in prolapsus uteri.”—Hy. The spine is sensitive to the touch, with nocturnal pains. Upper Limbs.—Drawing pains in the shoulders. “Pain extending from arms to fingers: hands tremble :' nails blue, and numbness of the finger-tips.”—Hq. Pain in the joints aggravated by motion: arthralgia. Lower Limbs.—Great debility. particularly of the lower ex- tremities, with much chilliness. “Paraplegia from debilitating canses."—MRaue, 108 ARGENTUM NITRICUM. “Trembling; paralysis of the extremities; tormented with formication of arms and legs; limbs, especially his knees, start up at night, waking him.”—Hg. Staggering gait, with pain in the back; cannot walk with eyes closed, or in the dark; locomotor ataxia. “Legs feel as if made of wood, or padded, with msensibility to touch; diminished warmth; legs and hands tremble.”—THy. didema of the legs and feet; ascites, from disease of the liver. Nerves.—Periodical trembling of the body : restlessness ; con- tinued motion; nerves greatly unstrung; convulsions, preceded by great restlessness ; epilepsy, from fright, during menstruation; at night; pupils always dilated for a day or two before. Excessive debility ; can hardly walk; apathetic. Fever.—Great chilliness (it predominates): slight fever, fol- lowed by sweat, especially at night: many gastric symptoms. Skin.—Emaciation ; much withered: bone affections : chronie syphilis, with osteocopic¢ pains. Syphilitic induration of the cervical glands; syphilitic papule. “Skin from a blue-gray to a bronze, or real black."—Ha. In searlatina, bluish-black eruption. Erysipelatous bed-sores, with bloody incrustations ; black on sacrum ; excrescences on the skin. In abrasions, bed-+sores, and ulcers of the skin, the local use of Argentum nit. is of great value. Its application forms an albu- minate, which coats the surface with a thin layer, and protects the tissue beneath from the irritation of the air, thereby causing the sore to heal with great rapidity. (Twenty grains to the ounce.) Agegravation.—At night, in morning: after eating cold food; or cold weather ; during rest, and from walking. Amelioration.—In open air, craves open air; eructations; can not sleep without fresh air. ARNICA MONTANA, 109 ARNICA MONTANA. Leopard’s-bane. Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of fresh root, Class III. Antidotes.—Camphor, Acids, Vinegar, Ipec. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Arnica has six special centers of action: I Ski. Vesicular and Erysipelatous Inflammation. Il. VeEnows System. Stimulating Absorption. UI. Muscurar System. Paresis and Myalgia. IV. Digestive Orcans. Gastro-Intestinal Inflammation. V. Serous Mempranes. Inflammation and Effusion. VI. Crrcutation. Accelerated, with Higher Temperature. Skin.—Arnica has a powerful action upon the skin and cel- lular tissue, producing vesicular eruption, and red, inflamed pustules resembling boils. In susceptible subjects, most violent “ erysipelatous inflammation has been caused by its local appli- cation. Venous System.—Arnica arrests the secretory power of the venous capillaries, and produces a state similar to what we find attending violent contusions; but, when given in medicinal doses, it acts upon these venous capillaries, stimulating their absorbent power. It becomes, thus, the great remedy in all cases of concussion, sprain, or other sufferings from mechanical vio- lence. It also causes venous hemorrhages from the nose, lungs, and hemorrhoidal vessels. Digestive Organs.—Arnica in large doses produces heat in the fauces, increases the flow of the saliva; irritates the stomach, causing nausea and vomiting; and, on the bowels, choleraic diarrhcea, collapse, and death. Muscular System.—-Arnica has a specific action upon the muscles, especially centering upon their fasciz and tendons, pro- ducing irritation and myalgia. Its myotic action is the most prominent of all its effects. Arnica also acts upon the motor nerves, producing paresis of the muscular system to a marked degree. 110 ARNICA MONTANA. Serous Membranes.—Arnica acts upon the venous capillaries of secretion in the serous membranes, causing stagnation and intlammation, which soon passes on to effusion into the cavities ; hence its usefulness to produce absorption in dropsical effu- sions, effusions of serum which occur after falls, blows, and extravasations of blood, ete. Circulation.—In medicinal doses, Arnica increases the action of the heart and arteries, and the frequency of respiration, at the same time elevating the temperature of the skin, with increase of all the secretions. It also has some hematic action, not yet fully understood. Therapeutic Individuality. Especially adapted to sanguine, plethoric persons, with lively complexions; and to all diseases of a traumatic origin, such as bruises, falls, concussions, strains, etc., involving the muscles and cellular tissue, with sore and aching. Arnica is to a bruise what Aconite is to a chill. It acts well upon people that are debilitated, with soft flesh and impoverished blood, and burning of the head, with a cold body. “The true sphere of Arnica is in painful conditions of the “iit vera and subcutaneous cellular tissue, whether traumatic or idi- opathic ; and its leading characteristic is inflammation of the skin and cellular tissue, with extreme tenderness upon pressure.”—S, E. J. Fraser, M. D. “Arnica is more apt than Aconite to spoil a case; it makes a much more profound impression upon the system than Aconite. Its real, culminating action is similar to typhus fever. Brilliant results have frequently been obtained with Arnica in the worst forms of typhus. No Arnica should be used except that made from the root.”—Hg. Head.—Comatose, soporous, stupid state ; lies as if dead; from concussion of the brain or apoplexy. “Stupor, with involuntary discharge of feces. Tynhus.”—Hq. Very forgetful; absent minded; thinks rightly but uses the wrong word; sits as in a waking areati Typhus. “Muttering delirium ; says there is nothing the matter with him.”—Hg. “Hypochondriacal, hopelessness ; fears of being struck; has a horror of instant death ; excitable and timid.”—Hg. ARNICA MONTANA. 111 “Giddiness, and incapacity for all exertion; vertigo when shutting the eyes, or when assuming an erect position.”—Hg. Stitches in the head, especially temples and forehead. “Pressive headache as if the head were being distended from within outward; the pain seems to arise from something soft in the vertex, with drawing in the vertex and occiput, and tearing toward the temples.”—Hg9. “Meningitis after traumatic injuries, such as concussions, bruises, falling, concussion of the brain, etc., when suspecting exudation of blood, fibrine, or pus. In such cases, we find great stupor, and partial paralysis of the tongue, the oculo-motors, the iris, or the limbs. Apply externally warm cloths saturated with dilute tincture of Arnica. Use also internally.”"—Hg. Meningitis granulosa infantum, with serous exudation ; exces- sive thirst ; no hydrocephalic cry ; with profuse urination. “Apoplexia sanguinea ; loss of consciousness, with involuntary evacuations from bowels and bladder ; paralysis one sided ; pulse full, strong; stertor; sighing and muttering.”—Hg. “The face, or head alone, is hot; body cool.” —Raue. “Burning or hot spots on top of the head; head feels too large.” —Hg. Eyes.—Arnica has been employed with marked results in a variety of eye troubles resulting from trauma; sometimes applied locally, dilute tincture, and given internally. A few cases of sub-conjunctival ecchymosis, resulting from whooping-cough, or from injuries, where Arnica acted more promptly than Hamamelis ; the relaxed condition of the blood-vessels, and too fluid condition of the blood which predisposes to these hemorrhages, is often cured by Arnica.”—A. and N. _ Retinal hemorrhages; the clots have often been absorbed by the use of Arnica; also paralysis of the muscles from trauma. “Inflammation of eyes, with suggillations from trauma.”—Hg. “Dilated pupils, with sensitiveness to the light, double vis- ion.”—Hg. Ears.—Mechanical otitis, with suppuration; discharge of pus and blood. “Hard hearing from concussions, with much buzzing noises; sensitive to loud sounds ; swelling of the parotid glands.”—Hg. Face.—“Swelling of the cheek, with throbbing, twitching pains, swollen lips, and heat in the head."—Jahr. “Face deep red and hot, in typhus, apoplexy, and in menin- gitis.”"— Hy. 112 ARNICA MONTANA. “Right cheek drawn to one side in apoplexy.’ —Hy. Nose.—“Epistaxis, from trauma; after exertion; from wash- ing face; blowing the nose ; whooping-cough, and typhus.”—Hg. Swelling of the nose, with much sneezing (boils). Excellent to arrest nosebleed, where there is much tingling. Mouth.—-Putrid, slimy taste; tongue coated yellow. “Dry, almost black tongue, in typhus.”—Hg. Gums inflamed and very sore; putrid smell from the mouth. “Mouth dry with much thirst.”—Hg. “Toothache, the roots of the teeth feel as if they had been scraped; face and cheek hot and swollen.”—Hempel. Stomach.—‘Putrid eructations as from rotten eggs.” —Jahr. Total want of appetite, loathing at the sight of food. “Feeling of nauseous repletion after eating.” —G. Sensation of soreness in the stomach, with belchings, tasting like rotten eggs. “Myalgia of the stomach; the pain comes on immediately after, often during, eating; the patient is weak and lax of fiber, and often has myalgia elsewhere.”—Hughes. Vomiting of blood, from mechanical injuries. Much distention of the stomach with wind; tastes putrid. The liver is sensitive to pressure, with stitches in hypochon- drium. _Abdomen.—Tympanitic distention of abdomen, with grinding pains. Stool.—‘Frequent urging to stool, with severe pressure at the anus; offensive flatus smelling like rotten eggs.” —Hq. Stools of mucus, blood, and pus, where the rectum is involved. “Stool and urine involuntary during sleep, in fevers.” —Hg9. “Scanty, slimy, dark-colored, bloody stools, in dysentery; the marked indication is the long intervals between stools, viz., from four to six hours, with bruised pain in the anus.”—Hq. Prolapsus ani in relaxed and weakened constitutions. Urinary Organs.—Brown, high-colored urine, loaded with the phosphates; bloody urine from trauma. “Constant urging, while urine passes involuntarily in drops; frequent attempts to urinate; tenesmus in dysentery.”—Hg. Renal Colic; inflammation from passage of calculi, with pierc- ing pains in kidneys and along the ureters; hematuria. ARNICA MONTANA. 113° “Involuntary urination at night during sleep, in typhus.”—Hy. Urine very acid, burns and excoriates. Sexual Organs, Male.—Inflammation from trauma. “Hydrocele caused by a bruise.” —Hg. Erysipelatous inflammation of scrotum; phymosis, parts bruised and much swollen. (Use cerate.) Sexual Organs, Female.—Menses too frequent and too pro- fuse. Metrorrhagia, after coition or labor; blood red and in clots. Pain as if strained in ovarian region; can not walk erect. “Metrorrhagia, blood feels hot as it escapes from the vulva; hard, forcing-downward pains; face red, hot, while the body is cool.”—G. “Prolapsus uteri from trauma, with a sore, bruised feeling in uterine region; can not walk erect.”—Hg. Pregnancy.—Threatened abortion, or abortion from trauma- tism; parts feel sore and bruised. After severe labors, always give Arnica internally, and use it locally on the genitalia, to relieve the sore and bruised parts. By doing so, you will prevent pyemia and puerperal fever, and in a great measure prevent the after-pains. “After-pains violent; return while suckling.”—Hq. For sore nipples, use the cerate. Mastitis from bruises; mamme hard and tender. (Use it locally and internally.) Respiratory Organs.—‘“Hoarseness caused by over-exertion of the voice in persons who constantly speak or sing.”—Dr. Ken- drick, Dyspneea; suffocative breathing; from dropsical effusions. “Asthma from fatty degeneration of the heart."—Hyg. Hemoptysis from trauma, with soreness of the chest. Hard, dry, racking cough; tickling in the trachea, causing the cough day and night. “Whooping-cough ; child cries before the paroxysm as though in fear of the soreness it will cause; cough causes bloodshot eyes; nosebleed; expectoration of clots of blood.”—Hq. “Pleurisy, when the exudation consists of coagulable lymph or serous exudation.”—Huahes. “Myalgia of the intercostal muscles after great exertions, with a sensation as if all the ribs were bruised; short breath; pain in the chest with anxiety.”—Raue. 114 ARNICA MONTANA. “Pleurisy from mechanical injuries; must continually change position, bed feels so hard.”—Hg. Dropsy of the chest from traumatic inflammation. Heart.—Palpitation of heart from slight exertion in lax, de- bilitated people. “Stitches in the cardiac region, with irritable heart.”—Hg. “Fatty degeneration of heart.”—Hg. Pericarditis, with effusion, from trauma; patient can not lie down; feels faint, with much dyspnea. Back.—Traumatic inflammation of spine; the vertebre are very sensitive to pressure. “Violent spinal pain, as from sudden rising after long stoop- ing; cervical muscles so weak can hardly hold the head up.”—Hg. Nephritis from trauma, with much pain in lumbar region. Extremities.—Arms feel weary, as if bruised, and the joints as if they were sprained. “Can not lift right arm, in apoplexy.”—Hg. “Boring, tearing pains, shifting from the right hip-joint to various parts; worse at night, can not find an easy position, bed seems so hard.”—Hg. “Arthritic pains in foot, worse toward evening; fears passers- by may strike it; big-toe joint red, feels sprained; much pain in the tarsal joints.” —Hq. , Hygroma patelle, from traumatism. “Carbuncle on the thigh; feels as if bruised.”—Hg. “Paralytic pain in all joints; limbs ache as if beaten.”—Hg. Corns. Pare them, and apply Arnica externally. Great sinking of the strength; in fevers. Skin.—Great tendency to small boils, and ecchymosis on various parts of the body. Arnica applied locally will often ar- rest a boil. “Hot, hard, shining swelling, from stings of insects.” —Hg. Erysipelatous inflammation, with vesicular eruption. Bed-sores ; skin edematous; petechix ; ecchymosis, with sore, bruised feeling (locally and internally); inflammation of the skin and cellular tissue; very tender on pressure, and the bed seems too hard, has to change position often. c In skin diseases, and all febrile diseases, the great character- istic indication for Arnica is, the bed or couch on which he lies feels too hard; complains constantly of it, and keeps changing from place to place, he feels so tired, sore, and bruised. ARNICA MONTANA. 115 Fever.—Hematic fevers, attended with the greatest indiffer- ence; putrid breath and much prostration. In intermittents, the chills, heat, and sweat are all well marked, the sweat smelling very sour. The head feels hot when the body is cold, with great thirst during the chill and heat. Traumatic fevers, with suggillations on the body. “Heat in oft-repeated short attacks.” —Hyg. Septicemia, with low typhoid symptoms. Erysipelatous inflammation, from trauma, nervous form. “Tn fevers from over-exertion and traumatic causes, or of low type, with apathetic condition, as typhoid and hectie.”—Jessen, “Arnica will check the hemorrhages of mechanical violence ; quiet the nervous startings of a fractured limb; obviate the danger _of reaction in concussion of the brain and sudden apoplectic extravasation. It seems, moreover, to cover the whole remote effects of an injury. Give it to one whose frame can not forget the shock of a far-back railway accident, and you and he will be alike delighted with the effect.”—R. Hughes, M. D. Aggravation.—From exertion ; at night ; cold, damp weather ; at rest, from wine, and a long sleep. Amelioration.—From contact and motion; during the day, and in the open air. 116 ARSENICUM ALBUM. ARSENICUM ALBUM. Arsenious Acid. Chemical preparation. Trituration and Aqueous solution. Antidotes,—Milk, Albumen, Emetics, Dialyzed iron, Ant., Iod., Nux vom., Cupr., Chin. No known remedy so quickly strikes down and annihilates the life of the ganglionic nervous system as does Arsenicum. Through this system, every organ and tissue in the body is more or less affected; but the most of its action is spent upon the ten following tissues : I, Mucous Mempranes. Destructive Inflammation. Il. Serovs M. (C2dematous Inflam.; Copious Drop. Effusions. Ill. Kipyeys. Fatty Degeneration; Albuminuria. IV. Sxin. Eczema; Gangrene; General Anasarca. V. Buoop. Disintegration; Hemorrhages; Serous Effusions. VI. Heart. Fatty Degeneration; Motor Paralysis. VII. Crrcunation. Vaso-Motor Paralysis; Asthenia. VIII. Liver. Fatty Degeneration; Disorganization. IX. Lunas. Asthma; Congestion; Malignant Catarrh. X. Crresro-Spinat 8. Motor and Sensory Paralysis; Neuralgia. Mucous Membranes.—Arsenic produces destructive inflam- mation in every part of the body where mucous membrane is found ; but, through the solar plexus, it especially centers upon the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, affecting particularly the mouth, throat, stomach, duodenum, and rectum, producing con- gestion and destructive inflammation, with a thin, ichorous dis- charge, tending to malignant ulceration, and accompanied with a low fever of a typhoid form. We have aphthe of the mouth, ulceration of the stomach, and sometimes gangrene of the rec- tum and anus; nausea and obstinate vomiting, with a slimy, bloody or watery diarrhoea, and complete prostration of all the vital forces. “The gastro-intestinal inflammation is greater in degree and more speedy in taking place when Arsenic is applied to a wound, than when taken into the stomach. The inflamed parts are, in general, universally red; at other times they are red only in spots. The principal vessels leading to the stomach and intes- ARSENICUM ALBUM. 117 tines are much dilated, and turgid with blood; but the inflam- ‘mation is usually confined to the mucous membrane of these ‘viscera, which assumes a florid red color, becomes soft and pulpy, and is separable without much difficulty from the cellular coat, which presents its natural appearance. In some instances, there are small spots of extravasated blood on the inner surface of the mucous membrane, or immediately beneath it (this oceurs in- dependently of vomiting), and a thick, yellowish, and tenacious exudation, formed entirely of white corpuscles, and constituting a false membrane, under which the mucous membrane is found dotted with ecchymosis, and for the most part destitute of epi- thelium. Such ecchymosis is also found uniformly under the endocardium of the left ventricle, and frequently under the other serous membranes. A very important conclusion is that the intestinal lesions do not result from an elimination of Arsenic by the intestinal mucous membranes; for careful chemical investi- gation discloses only a trace of Arsenic in the contents of the bowel. The vascularity of the gastro-intestinal mucous mem- brane, and its hyper-secretion, are attributed to the action of the poison upon the blood-vessels themselves.”—Prof. Boehm. To get a full understanding of Arsenic, we will have to study its toxic effects ; and here we will learn that it is a double-acting remedy; that is, it reaches over and acts profoundly upon the cerebro-spinal system, as well as the ganglionic. First, we will consider— Arsenical vapors from fumes of tapers and candles and from burning Arsenic upon coals, the dust from sweeping, and the va- pors from walls hung with bright green paper. The body of the paper and the paste which attaches it to the wall are composed of materials very susceptible of putrescent fermentation, and the Arsenic becomes volatile in the form of Arseniureted hydrogen. The following is a catalogue of symptoms caused by this form of poisoning : “First, irritation of the mucous membrane, causing vomiting, diarrhea, and permanent indigestion, severe coryza, ulcerated throat, bronchitis, spasmodic cough and asthma, a scalded con- dition of the lips, tongue, and cheeks, with inflammation of the conjunctiva and eyelids; severe bilious and feverish attacks; palpitation of the heart; pains in the spine and limbs, the joints ‘swollen and stiff; the skin rough and scaly. Excessive irritability, depression and prostration ; also giddiness, headache, acute ear- ache, and neuralgia; bleeding at the nose; frightful screams, hysterical attacks, loss of memory, cramps, numbness, spasms, 118 ARSENICUM ALBUM. and convulsions. Many wall-papers besides the green, contain Arsenic, especially some blue colors produced by ‘Arsenical cobalt.’ Mauve and even red paper contains Arsenic. Miners and other workmen in Arsenic suffer from the poisonous exhala- tions. The diseases engendered are chronic, often fatal. —Stille. Internally.—“In small doses of from 1-15 to 1-20 of a grain, Arsenic excites a sense of warmth in the stomach and bowels, increases the appetite, and, in some degree, the fecal and urinary discharges. According to Vogt, this stimulant effect is shared by all parts of the system. The skin is warmer, the pulse fuller and more frequent, the muscular system. more active, and the whole organism invigorated, freer and lighter in its movements, and even the mind improves in activity and power. In doses such as occasion no sensible phenomena, or only after the lapse of many days, Arsenic seldom produces chronic poisoning; on the con- trary, digestion appears to be permanently fortified, as when true tonic medicines, and especially Cinchona, are administered.” “Among recent authorities, Waher attributes to Arsenic nearly all of the virtues ascribed to it by Vogt. It is well known, says this author, that old and worn-out horses recover their appetite, activity, and strength, under the operation of small doses of Arsenic; and in Vienna, the grooms are accustomed to mix a small quantity of Arsenic with the feed given to horses, and to attach a portion to the animal’s bit, for the purpose of producing a bright aspect of the skin, roundness and elegance of the form, and foam at the mouth. The medicine is said to put them ina singularly good condition to perform long journeys, particularly in a hilly country; but, when the use of it is left off, the horse gets thin, loses his freshness, and becomes dull. “In Lower Austria and Styria, there exists among the peas- antry, the singular habit of eating Arsenic. These poison-eaters have a double aim ; first, they wish to give themselves, by this dan- gerous habit, a fresh and healthy appearance, and a certain degree of embonpoint. Many of the peasant girls, and even the men, have recourse to this expedient from coquetry and a desire to please; and it is remarkable what success they attain; for the young toxiphagi are distinguished by the freshness of their complexion, and by a look of ruddy health. But many of these young people die from the effects of Arsenic-eating. When the practice is stopped, emaciation ensues. They fall into the habit at the early age of fifteen, and continue it until seventy or seventy-six. The majority of Arsenic-eaters are males. They are generally strong, ARSENICUM ALBUM. 119 healthy persons, courageous, Dugnaieious, and of strong sexual disposition.” —Stille. Acute Arsenical Poisoning.—Immediately after the poison is swallowed, a metallic taste is perceived, with constriction of the fauces. A violent burning pain, which soon becomes excru- ciating, is felt in the stomach, and gradually extends itself over the whole abdomen, steadily increasing in severity until it be- comes intolerable. Retching and vomiting, and cramps of the bowels, ensue, with spasms of the esophagus and chest, which resemble those of hydrophobia. The thirst is insatiable, but even the mildest drinks cannot be retained; the tongue is generally fissured, hard and dry, although occasionally there is profuse sali- vation, and the voice is hoarse. There is also tenesmus, with bloody and offensive stool, and retraction of the abdomen. The irritation is propagated to the urinary organs, occasioning, in the male, tumefaction of the penis, and in both sexes strangury. Sometimes the urine is completely suppressed, and sometimes it is mixed with blood. Prof. Christison says that in the female there is burning pain in the vagina, and excoriation of the labia, ‘but. this does not happen unless life is prolonged beyond three days.” Bachman had previously noticed the pain alluded to, and also pro-. fuse menorrhagia, among the symptoms in females. The muscles are spasmodically affected; the skin presents a livid eruption. of the species already mentioned. The sense of anguish is un- utterable, and sometimes there is delirium. The breathing is oppressed. The pulseis irregular and intermittent, and is some- times rapid; the action of the heart is tumultuous. A consuming fire appears to prey upon the vitals, while the skin is everywhere pale, cold, shivering, andclammy. The features are sunken and sharp; if vomiting occurs, it is convulsive and affords no relief. Exhaustion of mind and body, prostration and despair, with anx- ious restlessness, generally attend this stage of the attack. On the approach of death, spasm yields to general resolution, the pulse grows slow and feeble, and the urine and feces are voided involuntarily ; but sensibility and consciousness are lost only in the last moments of life. “The duration of the symptoms is variable, and may be stated, in general, at from six to twelve hours; but occasionally they last for several days. Sometimes, also, though rarely, a fatal termi- nation takes place almost immediately after the poison is swal- lowed, and without other symptoms than slight fainting fits. Dr. Christison has collected fourteen or fifteen cases of acute Arsen- ical poisoning, in which the signs of inflammation, after death, 120 ARSENICUM ALBUM. were slight, or altogether wanting, and the fatal issue occurred in five or six hours, with symptoms denoting a powerful debilitating influence on the circulation, or on the nervous system.’ “Even when recovery follows the complete development of acute Arsenical poisoning, it is seldom perfect. For months or even years, the joints of the limbs remain swollen and stiff, so as to render walking difficult and painful ; the digestive organs for a long time continue irritable and feeble, and all of the functions of the nervous system are impaired. In some cases, there is more or less paralysis of the upper or lower extremities, and in others gangrenous ulcers attack the legs. Arsenical paralysis most fre- quently affects the lower limbs first, extending gradually to the arms ; but it is more permanent in the legs, continuing for months or even years. It is accompanied with cramps, spasmodic move- ments, numbness, and formication.. The cutaneous sensibility is impaired, and the patient generally complains of coldness in the parts affected.”—Stille. Serous Membranes.—Sub-acute inflammation, followed by copious serous effusion, affecting most frequently the pleura, pericardium, and next, the peritoneum and arachnoid. To this may be added its action upon the cellular tissue, producing cedem- atous swelling, and great anasarca of the whole body. Kidneys.—The kidneys are powerfully influenced by Arsenic. Their secretion is diminished, and sometimes entirely suppressed ; tested by heat, it is found loaded with albumen. The microscope shows renal epithelium, fibrine-casts, fat, and blood-corpuscles ; and the kidney has all the evidences of fatty degeneration. The albuminuria is explained by the fatty degeneration of both the kidneys and liver. Skin.—It especially acts upon the epidermis, leaving the dermis unaffected. Miss Dr. A. Nunn, of Boston, has given us the - microscopical action of Arsenic upon the epidermis. Itis practical and to the point. She says: “An examination of a series of sections taken from different parts of the body of the frog at dif- ferent intervals after the hypodermic introduction of the poison, shows that the general effect of Arsenious acid on the epidermis is to cause a degeneration and partial solution of the protoplasm of the cells, whereby, (1) the whole epiderm becomes loosened from the subjacent derm ; (2) the cells of the Malpighian layer become incoherent, so that the whole layer collapses, and its well-known architectural features become obscured ; and (8) the intermediate ARSENICUM ALBUM. 121 layer separates from the Malpighian layer below, and at times from the corneous layer above. In no case have I ever seen the Malpighian layer actually cast off during the frog’s life; it re- mains attached loosely to the derm. “Arsenic first attacks the lower, or inmost, portion of the epiderm, and then advances from the derm outward. The cells of the Malpighian layer next to the derm (the columnar layer) are composed of more active and irritable protoplasm than those of the rest of the derm, the irritability diminishing from within out- ward in proportion as the metamorphosis of the protoplasm into keratin becomes more and more pronounced. Ali the facts go to prove that the changes are the result of the Arsenic acting directly ou the epidermie cells themselves ; in fact, a lethal stimulation, by which the destructive stages of the metabolism of the cells are hurried on beyond the reparative power of the constructive stages.” Miss Dr. Nunn found that Arsenic affects the cornea similarly to the skin, but in a manner not so strongly marked. Clinical practice has confirmed these observations. Arsenic possesses little or no influence upon diseases seated in the deeper structures of the skin; but, where the superficial parts are in- volved, the action of this remedy is all that could be desired. The skin becomes dry, dirty looking, brawny; eczema, urtica- ria ; skin covered with vesicles ; desquamation, with tenderness of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It has also pro- duced pityriasis, lichen, and leprosy. In fact, Arsenic produces about every form of skin disease. Hair.—Arsenic has caused the hair to fall out over the whole scalp. In a case of poisoning, two weeks after the patient had apparently recovered, “the face, head, hands, and feet were swol- len, and the whole surface of the body was of a bright red color. The skin partially desquamated and was tender to the touch; this was followed by an attack of psoriasis which extended over the whole body. The hair of the head, the eyebrows and eye- lashes fell off, as did also the nails.” Blood.—The changes produced in the blood are most marked and profound. “The microscopical and chemical peculiarities of this fluid under the action of Arsenic are of great importance in relation to the changes which the solids undergo; to the hem- orrhages from the nose, the digestive canal, the urinary passages ; to the ecchymosis found in the lungs, pleure, pericardium, and heart; and to the occurrence of dropsy. The serous effusions 122 ARSENICUM ALBUM. and chronic anemia as the consequence of prolonged exposure to Arsenical influences, furnish ground for believing that Arsenic, like Mercury, tends to disintegrate the blood-corpuscles, to. diminish the proportion of fibrin, and possibly, also, to attack still more directly the vital principle upon which the normal qualities of the blood depend. “In medicinal doses, it radically modifies the function of nu- trition, and hence is fully entitled to be ranked as an alterative. It is held by some authorities to directly restrict oxidation of the tissues, particularly of the fat. According to Schmitt, it retards the waste of the red blood-corpuscles, and diminishes the exhala- tion of carbonic acid and the excretion of urea. Stuerzwage estimated that the rate of loss by tissue-decomposition was diminished from twenty to forty per cent under the operation of Arsenic.”—Stille. Drs. Cutter and Bradford say: “Arsenic given in health causes a progressive decrease of the number of the red, and especially of the white, corpuscles. In simple anemia, on the contrary, there seems to be an increase at first of both red and white corpuscles. After a certain point, there is a steady diminu- tion of both.” Heart.—Arsenic has a special and profound action upon the heart, producing various lesions, such as endocarditis, hypertro- phy, fatty granulation and degeneration, with pain, dyspnoea, and palpitation of the heart; cardiac dropsy. In moderate doses, it first strengthens the pulse, but soon renders it slow and weak, and at last arrests the heart’s action; and then galvanic stimu- lation excites it only to imperfect contraction. This protoplasmic poison stops the function of the heart, by affecting all its struct- ures, its nerves, its ganglia, and its muscles. Add to this its action upon the vaso-motor nerves, producing vaso-motor pa- ralysis with a general state of asthenia, and we see at once, why the arterial tension is so lowered and prostrated. Temperature.—Toxic doses first elevate the temperature, and then depress it. Medicinal doses reduce the temperature. _ Liver.—Post-mortem examinations have revealed the fact that the liver contains more of the Arsenic in poisoning than any other organ; and it has produced fatty degeneration, jaundice, and all the lesions tending to disorganization of this organ. In induration, atrophy, cirrhosis, softening, fatty degeneration, and malignant jaundice, Arsenic has been of untold value. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 123 - Lungs. —Through its action upon the pneumogastric nerve, this remedy has a specific action upon the lungs, producing con- gestion of all the air-passages, the lungs being gorged with blood. Accompanying this congestion, we have spasms of the muscles of the lungs, with violent dyspnoea, and the worst forms of asthma. Arsenic especially acts on the mucous membranes of the air- passages, producing tracheo-bronchial catarrh. The most useful sphere of this remedy in lung diseases, will be found in neuro- bronchitic asthma. Here it has won many a laurel for Home- opathy. Cerebro-Spirnal System.—The neurotic action of Arsenic, reaching over and acting so specifically and profoundly as to dis- organize and destroy the life of the cerebro-spinal, especially the spinal system, is most remarkable. Itis one of the few remedies that act upon all the tissues of the body. It is a protoplasmic poison, destroying the functional activity, first of the central nervous system, second of the nerves, and, third and last, of the muscles. It seems to act at first, the most powerfully upon the posterior portion of the cord, as shown by the paralysis of sensa- tion and reflex action, and second of voluntary power. Autopsies. show that the spinal marrow is always affected, especially the — lower part of it, and through this all the nerves of the extremities. Arsenical paralysis “is nearly always paraplegic; though a case of Arsenical hemiplegia is recorded, in which the laryngoscope de- tected paralysis of the vocal cordon the affected side. The arms are affected nearly as often as the legs. Cramps and contrac- tions in the paralyzed limbs are common; but the most invariable concomitant is neuralgia. This generally coexists with loss of sensibility to everything but cold, by which the neuralgia is brought on or aggravated. (This shows that its greatest action is upon the sensory portion of the spine.) The paralysis is most. complete in the hands and feet, and spreads, if it do so, periphero- centrally. There is a sense of great restlessness in the limbs when the pains are present. The seat of the mischief seems to be the spinal cord. In a case observed by Huss, the spine was found tender on pressure; and Wibmer says that in autopsies the cord is always seen to be affected, especially with congestion of the lumbar portion and cauda equina.”—Stille. Hughes says: “Before leaving the mental and moral symp- toms, they are so constant that I can not but refer them to a direct action upon the ideational and emotional centers. As in the motor and sensory sphere, we have the mingling of depres- 124 ARSENICUM ALBUM. sion and irritation; as there the paralysis is accompanied with cramps, and the anesthesia with neuralgia; so here, there is melancholy, but also restless irritability, anxiety, and anguish. In some forms of melancholia and hypochondriasis, we may take advantage of this action.” Frogs, after poisonous doses, become apparently paralyzed. “For instance, they remain motionless, but, when placed on their backs, struggle violently to regain their habitual position, show- ing that there is no paralysis of the voluntary muscles or motor nerves. At the same time, they lose all sensation; for they may be pinched, cut, or burned, without exhibiting signs of pain. This loss of sensation is proved to be due to the action of the drug on the spinal cord, and not on the sensory nerves. The ap- parent paralysis is supposed to be due to this loss of sensation.” —IWood. i Its action upon the cerebro-spinal center 1s prominently shown by its action upon the fifth pair of nerves, especially the branch distributed to the pituitary mucous membrane, lining the nasal fosse, and by the repeated fits of sneezing, accompanied by profuse, clear, thin nasal discharges, and severe frontal headache. In some cases the throat and branches of the fifth pair of nerves be- come involved, and subsequently the vagus, or vice versa. Begin- ing at the vagus, it may involve the fifth pair, completely resem- bling the so-called hay fever, and ending in bronchial asthma. (See “Pneumogastric Nerve.”) The action of Arsenic upon the base of the brain, is specific, and upon the cerebrum sympathetic. Therapeutic Individuality. Adapted to lymphatic nervous temperaments, who are exces- sively sad and irritable; dropsical and choleraic diseases; mala- rial fevers, especially if abused by Quinine. Rapid and great prostration, with sinking of the vital forces; much emaciation; skin shriveled, and the physical exhaustion overrules everything. Burning pains; the parts burn like fire, with great anguish, and fear of death; desponds of being cured, with great restless- ness and exhaustion. “For insanity, Arsenicum is the champion remedy; patients much emaciated, wretched appetites; dry, red toneue; shriveled, haggard, anxious in appearance; great bodily suffering. The mental unrest seems due to physical exhaustion, and the desire to commit suicide is to put an end to their sufferings.”—Dr. Talcott. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 125: “Patient dull, lethargic ; pupils dilated to their widest extent ; sensibility seems lost; pulse full, slightly intermittent, but ex- cessively slow.”—Dr. S. H. Talcott. Arsenic symptoms are always accompanied by great anxiety ; restless and frantic desperation; or the patients are so weak that. they move only their hands and feet, and not the trunk. The longer the disease has lasted, and the more deeply the organs and tissues have become affected, the more surely will Arsenic be indicated. Diseases resulting from a disordered and defective nutrition, with pale, waxy skin. Its action is twofold, neurotic and hematic. Its affinity for the tissues composing the large nerve centers affords an adequate explanation of the various neurotic symptoms produced by it, and accounts for its beneficial effects in neurotic skin affections. Mind.—Excessive anxiety, restlessness, and great fear of death. “Attacks of anxiety at night so severe that he jumps out of bed.” —Hg. “Melancholy; after financial losses; can not be consoled; thinks he will have to die, with his family, from starvation ; sleep- less nights ; walks about, wringing his hands, with moaning.” —Hg. “Great fear, restlessness, trembling, cold sweats, prostra- tion.” —Hg. Great anguish, tossing about, and fainting from the pain; restlessness; can not rest anywhere; goes from one bed to another. Suicidal mania; believes his case to be incurable. Picking of the bedclothes; hasty in all his motions; grasps. anything he wants eagerly, with excessive prostration. Irritable, discouraged, restless; vexed about trifles; gastric affections, vertigo, confusion, and heaviness of the head. Head.—Periodical headache; constant severe headache, with vomiting when raising up the head; softening of the brain, with severe vertigo and anguish. Sub-acute and chronic hydrocephalus; great emaciation ; restlessness; dyspeptic symptoms; vomiting when raising head ; spasms of one arm and one leg. Use the 200th or 1000th. Constant severe frontal headache, with vomiting when raising head. “Hemicrania; feels like a hot wire thrust through ramifica- tions of fifth pair of nerves; must move head and feet; alternating 126 ARSENICUM ALBUM. with colic or liver complaint.”—Hg. [Especially on the left side.) “Great heaviness in the head, with humming in the ears; it goes off in the open air, but returns again as soon as he enters the room.”—Hah. Megrim, with deep-seated biliary derangements; vertigo, nau- sea, retching, and vomiting of bile. Especially if malarial. “Neuralgia in brain, as if it were being torn to pieces.”—Hy. “Sensation of wabbling or swashing in the brain.” —Hg. “Tensive, pressive pain spreading from forehead and temples to occiput and nape of neck; comes in violent attacks, as if the head would burst; vomits bile; stomach very irritable.”—Hq. Dry, scaly eruptions upon the scalp ; chronic eruptions, with pustules and vesicles filled with pus; burning eczema. “Hot head, sensitive hair, can not bear it touched, it is so painful.”"—Hg. Excessive sensitiveness of head to open air, must wrap the head warmly; hair falls out in patches, hair-roots destroyed. Cidema of head, face, eyes, neck, and chest; anasarca. Malignant erysipelatous inflammation; burns like fire. Eyes.—Magnificent where the eyelids are cedematous, in- flamed, with burning, sticking pain; lids close spasmodically; photophobia excessive; tears gush from the eyes so acrid that they burn like fire; pains paroxysmal, with emaciation and great nerv- ous excitability ; relieved by warm applications. “In scrofulous ophthalmia, especially ulcers of the cornea; soreness of the internal lids; the ulceration of the cornea recur- ring first in one eye, then in the other; opening the eyes causes intense burning, sticking pain, especially at night ; the photophobia is so great that he lies in bed with the face buried in the pillows; hot, acrid tears gush from the eyes, causing eczema of the cheeks; pains paroxysmal.”—A. and N. Iritis rheumatica, characterized by burning pains in the eyes, worse at night; restlessness and much thirst; vascular elevations on the cornea, with burning pains at night. “Iris discolored, reacting sluggishly; sight cloudy; sees as if through a white gauze; everything appears green; retinitis albu- minurica.”—Hg. “Conjunctiva looks like a raw piece of beef; granulated lids.”——Hg. “Hidges of lids painful during motion, from dryness of the lids.”—Hg. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 127 Hyelids swollen, cedematous, non-inflammatory, and painless ; seem distended with air. Bright’s disease. Kyes sunken in their sockets; fixed, dull, with blue rings around them; in cholera, low fevers, and gastric affections. All affections of the eyes with intense burning pains. Kars.—Roaring in the ears from paroxysmal pains; ringing in the ears; hardness of hearing, in typhoid fever. Inflammation, and purulent otorrhca; ichorous, fetid dis- charges, especially in scarlatina, with malignant swelling of the ‘parotids. Unusual sensitiveness to sound. Nose.—Copious watery, acrid discharges that burn much. “Distressing stoppage at the bridge of the nose; stuffed cold, the nose seems stopped up, and still it runs; fluent coryza, with frequent sneezing; hoarseness; sleeplessness; and swollen nose.” —Hg. Excoriating discharges from the nose, especially i in scarlatina. Influenza, with profuse burning, corroding discharges, accom- ‘panied with satvemp lassitude, and aching of the muscles. Face.—Cadaverous face, nose pointed, eyes sunken, or white ‘and waxy, with great debility. In bowel diseases. Face very pale, sunken and distorted, in cholera; Hippo- cratic face expressing great anguish. Neuralgia of the face; pains burning, and greatly aggravated at night; intermittent; worse during rest, relieved by exercise. Lips cyanotic; lips dry, or covered with a black slime. Lips dry and cracked, in asthenic fevers. Cancerous ulcers of the lips have been cured by Arsenicum. Mouth.—Sour, bitter, putrid, metallic, or sweet taste. Great thirst for cold water, drinks very often, taking but little at a time; keeps constantly licking the dry, cracked lips, with burning fever and much prostration. Tongue, dry, brown or black, with a low typhoid condition. “Dry tongue, very red, with prominent papille.”—Hg. “Tongue like a piece of red leather, so thick that it is bent when protruded; edge of the tongue red and takes imprint of teeth, with great thirst.”—Hq. Tongue yellowish- white, brown, or black; trembling when be- ing protruded, in low nervous fevers. “Gangrene of tongue; spots on tongue burn like fire.”—-Hg. 128 ARSENICUM ALBUM. Tongue smooth as if varnished; scarlatina; typhus and gastritis. Gangrenous aphthe, which burn like fire; malignant ulcera- tion of the mouth, with irregular, jagged edges. Swollen, bleeding gums, with jerking toothache, relieved by heat. “Great dryness of the mouth ; excessive thirst, drinks but little at a time, but very often; the tongue is dry as if burnt, deprived. of sensibility, with stitching and burning pain.”—D. Fauces.—The tonsils inflamed, swollen, and burn like fire. “Burning when swallowing; food goes down to region of the: larynx, when it is ejected; malignant sore throat; fauces and tongue very much swollen; fetid breath.”—Hg. Diphtheria, adynamic form; great fever; restlessness; pros- tration; burning thirst; breath excessively fetid; even gan- grenous; somnolence; muttering delirium ; false membrane has a dry, wrinkled look; throat feels dry and as if scraped. Appetite.—Loss of appetite, with great desire for acids. Appetite variable, with unquenchable thirst; wants very cold. water, but the stomach can not tolerate it. “Pain in stomach or abdomen while eating or immediately after; can take no more food at the time; nausea, gagging, vom- iting, mostly two hours after the meal, even the lightest kind of food; eating the least increases the chill.”—Hg. Stomach.—“The stomach does not seem to assimilate cold water; it is wanted, but can not drink it.”— Raue. : Violent burning pains in the stomach; it feels on fire. Feeling as if there was a stone or weight in the stomach. “The nausea which Arsenic produces is conjoined with a sen- sation of the greatest weakness, with anxiety; it recurs periodi- cally, and is often conjoined with symptoms that seem to have no’ pathological connection with it; it is worse during repose, and is ageravated by motion.”—D. Nausea and vomiting after eating ice-cream. or drinking ice- water; the stomach feels full and greatly distended. Excessive retching and nightly vomiting; anguish and rest- lessness. The stomach feels greatly distended, with nausea and vom- iting. : “Violent vomiting of ingesta, serous liquids, with flakes; ARSENICUM ALBUM. 129 watery diarrhoea ; cramps of the abdominal muscles and extremi- ties.”—Faue. “The vomiting requires great effort; is scanty in quantity, as are all the excretions of Arsenic; followed by extreme prostra- tion; the matters vomited may be first water, then thick, glairy, or grass-green mucus, and then blood.”—D “Arsenic provokes in the stomach rather an irregular convul- sive action than an ordinary peristaltic or anti-peristaltic motion ; rather anxious, fruitless retching than a copious vomiting. The burning pains are the most constant; with them come violent thirst, lamentation, anguish; continuous or periodic. If the lat- ter, they occur most frequently at 2 a. m., or after eating.’— Hah. “Vomiting immediately after eating or drinking; vomiting of all he takes (cancer) ; sour, acrid vomiting (gastralgia) ; vomiting of mucus and bile (colic); vomiting of blood (hematemesis) ; black vomit (yellow fever); slimy, watery vomiting (gastritis) ; violent vomiting and cramps (cholera); nausea, vomiting, and fetid stools (dyscntery), with sudden and great prostration.”—Hg. Frequent and violent vomiting, with apprehension of death. Epigastrium hard, distended; bloating of the stomach, violent. contraction, with intense heat, burns like fire in the stomach, with great thirst; drinks little and often. Acute gastritis, painful vomiting of grass-green solids or fluids, with a feeling of fire in the stomach; sub-acute gastritis; food produces great distress and vomiting. Hematemesis; stools black; burning in the stomach. Induration in the stomach; scirrhus, with burning pain. Obstinate and long-continued vomiting in diseases of the brain, especially acute and sub-acute hydrocephalus. Hypochondria.—Induration and hypertrophy; liver can be felt, and is painful on pressure; from malarial intermittents. “Painful bloatedness in right hypochondrium, with burning pain; jaundice after intermittent fevers, especially after abuse of Quinine or Mercury, with burning, stitching pains.”—Hg. Both hypochondria sensitive to the touch, with induration and enlargement of the spleen, after intermittent fever; enlargement of the spleen, with general dropsy from malaria. Abdomen.—Burning distress in the abdomen, like coals of fire, with great restlessness, tossing and turning; peritonitis. “Deep, heavy, burning pain in abdomen, as if the intestines 130 ARSENICUM ALBUM. were tied up; violent pains in abdomen, with great anguish, has no rest anywhere, rolls about on floor, and despairs of life.”—Hg. “Terrible cutting belly-ache, with frequent thin evacuations, fainting and cold sweat ; abdomen greatly distended and painful; gastritis mucosa; meteorism of abdomen without pain; great tympanitis; typhus; dysentery, etc.’—Hg. “Ascites; from heart, hepatic, or spleen diseases, also post- scarlatinal; from morbus Brightii; faint from the least motion ; suffocative spells at night; anguish, thirst.”—Hg. For post-scarlatinal dropsy, no remedy excels Arsenicum; the abdomen is much distended, sore and painful; urine highly albuminous, and general anasarea of the whole body. Inguinal glands enlarged and painful; groins chafed. Stool.—Watery or cadaverous diarrhea, scenting the whole atmosphere of the room; cramps in the bowels and legs; acrid, corroding, cadaverous, rice-water stool, with great innervation, end burning thirst. Great innervation after stool; the anus burns like fire. “Bilious dysentery, with great exhaustion after every exertion ; ezeat distress and restlessness, worse after midnight.” —Hg. “Diarrhea renewed after eating or drinking.” —G. “The characteristic stool may be said to be small in quantity, of dark color, offensive odor; and with it great prostration.”—D. Diarrhoea from cold substances, particularly ice-cream or ice- water. Chronic diarrhea, involuntary, and very prostrating; stools slimy, papescent, brownish, or watery, with bloated abdomen. “Diarrhea; slimy, green mucus, tenesmus; and cutting pains in the anus; stoolssmall with tenesmus; stools of green mucus; black, acrid, and putrid ; yellow, with tenesmus and burning pain; like dirty water, of blood and water.”—Hg. : “Cholera infantum, simultaneous vomiting and purging, great exhaustion; all aggravated by food and water.”—Hg. Painful chronic lienteria, with excessive tympanitis, or ema- ciation. For chronic diarrhea, Arsenic excels all other drugs, especially in the last stage of tabes mesenterica; purging, with extreme cold- ness of the extremities; worse after midnight; burning stools, with violent colic; extreme coldness of the extremities. The anus burns like fire, long after stool. “Burning stool ; yellow; violent colic; fissures of anus.” —Hg. Hemorrhoids; with stitching pain when walking or sitting, not when at stool; with burning pain relieved by heat. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 131 “Hemorrhages from the bowels, dark, offensive.” —Hg. Stools so acrid that they produce great excoriation. Constipation ; abdomen bloated and pains much. Urinary Organs.—Burning, high-colored, scanty urine. Al- buminuria, after scarlatina, diphtheria, and in Bright’s disease of the kidneys. Dropsical effusions following the above-mentioned causes, have in thousands of cases yielded to Arsenic, when the urine was loaded with albumen; fatty degeneration or atrophy of the Bellinian tubes and tufts. “Urine scanty, passed with great difficulty; strangury; burn- ing during discharge; suppression in cholera.”—Hg. “Atony of the bladder, no desire to urinate, and no power to do so; especially after parturition.” —Hg. “Uramia with vomiting, colic, spells of suffocation, emphy- sema; heart disease, with great anguish, especially in drunk- ards.”"—Hg. Uremia at the commencement of scarlatina. “Urine, dark brown; dark yellow; turbid; sediment of red sand, mixed with pus and blood; greenish; hematuria.”—Hg. Involuntary micturition from paresis of the bladder. Burning in the urethra during micturition. Sexual Organs, Male.—Acute inflammation of the genital organs; excessively painful, and often gangrenous. Scrotum edematous, in dropsical effusions ; hydrocele. “Phagedenic chancres, livid hue, with intense burning; even sloughing; serpiginous ulcers on the genitals.”—Hg. “Constitutional syphilis, with indescribable feeling of weak- ness, or with dropsy and malignant ulcerations.”—Hg. Bubo, when assuming a gangrenous aspect; glans blue-red, swollen, and cracked; burning during micturition. Sexual Organs, Female.—Catamenia too early and too pro- fuse. Constant and exhausting menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. “Menorrhagia in feeble females, cachectic, affected with rheu- matism, disorganization of the uterus or ovaries; in eruptive fevers [typhoid fever], and when aphthz break out, indicating a low state of the system.”—Hg. Hemorrhage, sudden profuse discharge of dark blood, with lancinating, burning pains; polypusor scirrhus uteri, with hard, nodulous swelling on the cervix and os; bleed much from the slightest touch. 132 ARSENICUM ALBUM. Ulceration of the uterus, with ichorous, fetid, corrosive dis- charge. Leucorrheea, corrosive, fetid, profuse, and debilitating. “TLeucorrhea acrid, corroding, thick and yellow, dropping out while standing and emitting flatulence.” —Hy. Inflammation of the genitals; vagina hot, dry, and swollen. Ovaries.—Burning, stitching, pressive, tensive pains in the ovary. “Drawing, stitching pain from region of ovary into thigh; feels numb and lame, worse from motion and bending.”—Hyg. Ovaritis, with burning pains, with great restlessness, partially relieved by motion of feet, with whitish, fetid uterine discharge. “Ovarian tumor on right side, with pain in leg, can not keep the foot still; ovarian tumor filling entire abdominal cavity, could not stoop to dress her feet.” —Hy. Pregnancy.—Morning sickness; empty retching; frequent fainting, with great burning in the stomach like fire. Acute malignant metritis, with dissolution of blood; copious sweating; great meteorism; discharges excessively offensive; muttering delirium, and excessive prostration. Ascites from puerperal peritonitis ; uremic convulsions. Mamme.—Cancer of the breast, with great burning distress, partially relieved by external warmth; ulcers burn like fire. Respiratory Organs.—Voice hoarse from debility. Asthma with constriction of the chest; great anguish ; aggra- vated by motion, in the evening and at night. Especially in old people with cedema of the feet, or general anasarca. More useful in the chronic bronchitic form. “It attacks fiercely and soon reaches its acme. The more the patients seem on the point of suffocating, the more painful and distressing the restlessness, the more wheezing and the louder the respirations, the more Arseni- cum will be found appropriate.” (Baehr.) As to the dose, from the crude drug up to the 1000th attenuation have made excellent cures; but, as a rule, Fowler’s solution is ten times more valuable, used in from one to five drop doses once in four hours. It is also used by the process of fumigation in the form of cigarettes. Trousseau uses Arseniate of Potassa, 15 grains; distilled water, one ounce. Unsized white paper is thoroughly soaked in this solution, dried, and cut into twenty equal parts, and each part rolled into a cigarette. T'wo or three of these are smoked daily for the relief of asthma, chronic bronchitis, phthisis, hay asthma, and acute and chronic coryza. The patient inhales the smoke by ARSENICUM ALBUM. 133 a single inspiration ; and great advantage is obtained by snuffing these fumes into the nares. Cough. “Applies in all kinds of coughs; predominantly, how- ever, in dry cough. In spasmodic cough, it is indicated only in its typical form. Whooping-cough does not lie in its range. It is indicated in acute and chronic affections of a torpid or dangerous nature; especially indicated for cough in organic diseases of an incurable or destructive nature, either in the larynx, bronchi, lungs, pleura, or heart. Its choice depends upon other than cough symptoms ; as dyspnea, asthma, suffocating spells, cyanosis, heart symptoms of all kinds, disturbed circulation, decomposition of the blood, exudations, decay and gangrene of organic substance, dis- organizations, excessive pains ; exhaustion of life-power, collapse, high degree of weakness, syncope, anemia, nervous irritability, disposition to ulceration ; hydremia ; nightly aggravations ; worse from lying down, drinking, and change of weather.”—Hirschel. “Cough excited by smoky sensation, or as of vapors of sulphur in larynx, or by constant titillation in larynx.”—Hg. Deep, dry, increasing, suffocating cough; can not lie down, obliged to sit up in bed; worse in stormy weather. “Expectoration, frothy saliva; thick yellow; gray, green, bit- ter, salty, or mucus streaked with blood.”—JIg. “Hemoptysis after loss of blood, burning heat all over, espe- cially with pain between the scapule; in drunkards or from sup- pressed menses.” —Hg. Burning in chest and stomach ; pleuritic effusion ; great dysp- nea from slightest motion ; tongue yellow, anasarca. “Catarrh of chest; child tosses about in great agony.”—Hg. Pneumonia, so weak can not move; offensive, dark-colored sputa. “Chronic pneumonia; purulent sputa, with suffocation.” —Hg. Gangrene of the lungs, with green, ichorous, fetid discharge. Impending paralysis of the lungs ; cyanosis and rattling breath- ing ; the chest feels as if bound with a hoop. Hydrothorax ; general anasarca ; suffocation, can not lie down, want of breath; breathes with difficulty, with much anguish. Patients that take cold easily, with copious watery nasal dis- charges. Heart.—Diseases of the heart, has great dyspneea, can not lie down for fear of suffocation, sits up in great anguish. Angina pectoris; agonizing pain in the heart, and dyspnea, with trembling, irregular motion of the heart. 1384 ARSENICUM ALBUM. “Palpitation of the heart; can not lie down; worse by going up stairs; dyspnoea and great anguish.”—Hg. “Valvular disease, with intermittent pulse, dyspnea, anasarca ; can not go up stairs; worse nights; hydropericardium with great irritability, anguish; restlessness; especially in uremia; fatty degeneration. ”—Hg. : Pulse rapid, weak, quick and small, or intermittent. Pulse imperceptible, thread-like, or entirely gone. Chronic inflammation of serous membranes, with copious dropsical effusions in all the cavities. Distention of the chest, with stitches. Back.—Burning in the back, lumbar and sacral portion. Pain in the back as if broken, with burning in the spine. “Greatly exhausted from sexual excesses; pulling and tearing in back and legs; formication along the spine, anasarca.”—Hg. Bruised pain in small of the back; spinal affection, with pa- ralysis of the legs. “Loss of strength in small of back; sense of warm air stream- ing up the spine into the head, precedes an epileptic fit.”—Hg. Ulceration, and bed-sores on the back; burn like fire. Upper Limbs.—Paralytic feeling, with drawing, tearing pains. Arms and hands dark livid, as in malignant cholera. Trembling of the hands, in drunkards. “Drawing, jerking, and tearing from tips of fingers into shoulder ; vesicles filled with blood on tips of fingers ; nails ulcer- ated.” —Hg. Burning ulcers on hands and tips of fingers ; nails blue. Lower Limbs.—Complete prostration, can not stand up, in asthenic diseases, with great faintness, must lie down. Sudden sinking of strength, from severe pain or asthenia. Neuralgia, pains burn like fire and are intolerable. “Sciatica, with severe burning, tearing, and drawing pain, not allowing the affected part a moment’s rest.”—-Hg. Tearing pains; cramp in thighs, calves, and toes, evenings, with lassitude. “Pain in the knee-joint, as if beaten, with swelling.”—Hg. “Frequent cramp in the calves; can not be still at night, has to change position of feet constantly, or walk to get relief. The feet are highly cedematous, icy cold and numb, and are so weak he is compelled to lie down. “General lack of will-power in upper and lower limbs.”—Hg. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 135 Limbs feel heavy and greatly fatigued, penetrating to the mar- row in the bones; weakness of the feet, can not stand. Great cedema of the feet, with extreme exhaustion. General anasarca, feet cold and numb; general dropsy. Phagedenic ulcers; bullz on soles of feet, burn like tire. Great restlessness of the limbs, with fear and anxiety; ex- haustion from slight exertion, must lie down ; rapid and complete exhaustion ; fainting from intestinal diseases. Sudden sinking of strength; cold sweat; fear of death. _ Complete paraplegia; skin of legs cold, flaccid; and great fear of death. : Twitching, tremor, trembling, and great weariness of the legs. “Neuralgia, the pains are burning, with agony and great rest- lessness ; often intermittent ; worse during rest, at night; relieved by exercise.” —G. Skin.—General anasarca, white, waxy pale face, and exces- sive debility ; vesicles that burn like fire. Eruptions disappear suddenly, with rapid prostration ; espe- cially scarlatina, with malignant sore throat, or dropsy following. Phagedenic ulcerations, constantly extending in breadth. “Bran-like, dry, scaly eruptions, with itching and burning ; the latter increased by scratching and followed by bleeding.” —Hyg. “Irritation of the interior ganglia, those whose affection is so often mistaken for spinal irritation, which develops itself in that raised, burning, itching eruption popularly called ‘hives’ or ‘nettle-rash.’ ”"—J. H. P. Frost, M.D. Arsenical paste has long been used to destroy warts, condy- lomata, cancerous growths, and nerves in carious teeth. Scaly eruptions, chronic eczema, and leprosy; malignant carbuncles, with stinging, burning pains. No remedy can equal Arsenic for malignant pustules. Ulcers; edges hard, spongy; burning, ichorous discharges, with proud flesh; bed-sores. ° Scirrhus, first stages, ulceration; burns like fire, as if a hot iron was thrust into the ulcer; and always aggravated at night. Fever.—The periodic, or intermittent, action of Arsenic upon the healthy subject, marks it as one of the leading remedies for intermittent fever. Dr. Wurmb says: “Arsenic is one of those few drugs whose action is distin- guished, not alone by its intensity, but equally by its extent; it involves the entire organism. Every system, every organ, and every nerve-filament is so subjected to its powerful influence that 136 ARSENICUM ALBUM. we are not able to say, which of its symptoms are primary, or’ which are secondary, and where the focus of its action chiefly hes. “We see the entire nerve-life attacked in all directions, from the slightest excitement to the most violent irritation; from the mere sensation of weakness to actual paralysis; from the most inconsiderable acceleration of the circulation to the most violent febrile storm, even to decomposition and destruction of the or- ganic substance. “The more malignant the influence, the longer the disease has lasted, and the greater the prostration, especially if the liver and spleen have become involved, the surer and more certain are the indications for Arsenicum. “The paroxysms are general, violent, and of long duration ; the stages are either distinctly developed, or else, as is most fre- quently the case, the one or the other stage is absent, or is very feebly present; if the latter be the case, it is generally the cold stage which fails, and the hot stage is all the more violent. The more intense the heat, the longer it continues, the higher the excitement in the vascular system, and the more burning and in- satiable the thirst, the better is Arsenic indicated. The sweating stage may be altogether wanting, or copious and clammy. “The apyrexia is not pure, but is disturbed by symptoms of the most varied kind; restlessness, sleeplessness, spasms, digestive disorders, feeling of weakness and general prostration. After every paroxysm there is a notable increase of prostration.” Typhoid fever. “The patients are very restless, anxious, and generally so weak that they move only the hands, feet, and head, and not thetrunk ; and hence do not voluntarily change their post- ure in bed. Pulse frequent, small, and irregular; high tempera- ture; cheeks hot and red; the thirst insatiable ; decomposition of the blood, as shown by the exanthemata, ecchymosis, and often pro- fuse hemorrhages from various organs, and by the destruction of the tissues on which the patient lies; muttering delirium, with anguish and distress. Patients perceive nothing, complain of nothing; excretions pass involuntarily; but the urine is fre- quently retained in the bladder, which is often so distended as to threaten a rupture. The lips and tongue are dry; the latter often hard, clean, dark red, or else with thick dark-brown coating, which often, also, covers the lips and teeth; speech often impos- sible.” Frequent watery, colliquative stools, or watery and bloody. ARUM TRIPHYLLUM. 1387 The flatulent distention of the abdomen is enormous; rat- fling in the lungs. Emaciation very great and rapid. Intermittents, chill and heat predominate; no sweat; fungoid malarial diseases. : Septiceemia, from decayed animal matter, or blood. Neuralgia; pains are burning; with agony and great restless- ness ; often intermittent ; worse during rest, at night, and relieved by exercise; pains as if a red-hot wire was drawn along the nerve. Best known remedy for neuralgia, in all of its forms, in any part of the body, when indicated. Chorea. In simple, uncomplicated cases, no known remedy can equal Arsenic in the form of Fowler’s Solution, two to four drops three times a day. Dr. D. M. Reese, of New York, cured over two hundred cases, without one failure. All septic diseases of a typhoid, malignant nature, with cold, clammy sweats and extreme prostration of all the vital forces; as yellow fever, cholera, typhoid, variola, etc. Aggravation.—At night, especially after midnight; in cold, damp air; after eating or drinking something cold ; by lying down with the head low; or by motion. Amelioration.—By warm air; or lying with the head high; and during the day. ARUM TRIPHYLLUM. Indian Turnip. Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, ClassI. Antidotes.—Acics, Merc., Iris, Phyt., Rhus. Through the animal nervous system, Arum has two special centers of action: I. Mucous Mempranes. LE xcoriating Inflammation. Il. Gianpuiar System. (Sarivary.) Insalivation. Mucous Membranes.—Arum especially acts upon the mucous membrane of the nose, buccal cavity, tongue, and fauces, as a great irritant, producing acute inflammation and aphthous ulcer- ation. Glandular System.—The glands especially acted upon by this: remedy are the salivary. Here it produces great congestion and ‘violent salivation. 188 : ARUM TRIPHYLLUM. Therapeutic Individuality. Of great value in scarlatina, where the nostrils constantly dis- charge a burning, ichorous fluid, excoriating the nose and lips; nose entirely occluded; fluent, acrid coryza; constantly picking the nose until it bleeds; unconscious, or wild delirium; he can only breathe with mouth open. Lips very sore, swollen, burning, cracked and bleeding; skin. peeling off; constant picking at the lips and nose. Tongue red like a beet, with prominent papille. Inflammation of the mouth, with sudden swelling of the tis- sues, with burning, stinging pains. : Excessive salivation, the whole buccal cavity being raw and. sore ; profuse flow of acrid saliva. Children pick and bore into raw surfaces; notwithstanding it. gives great pain, they keep up the boring. “Cavity of mouth covered with diphtheritic deposit and ulcers.” —Hy. “Fauces and nares ulcerated ; secretions corroding and acrid.” —Hy. Putrid sore throat; glands of neck much swollen. Acrid, excoriating, watery, brown diarrhoea. Urine scanty and high colored. Clergyman’s sore throat; voice hoarse; pain in larynx, and. great accumulation of mucus. Excessive restlessness, from sore throat, scarlatina, diphtheria. Eruption all over the body, much itching, great restlessness ; desquamation in large flakes, two or three times, after scarlatina. Aggravation.—Mornings ; lying down; and northwest wind. Amelioration.—On rising, and in middle of the day. ASAFQ@TIDA. 139 ASAFCETIDA. Scorodosma Foetidum. Habitat, Asia. The gum-resin; according to Class IV. Antidotes.—Camph., Puls., Caust., Cinch., Merc., Electricity. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Asafcetida has three special centers of action: I. Muscutar System. Excito-Motor Insanity. I Gianputar System. Hyperesthesia; Secretions Increased. Ill. Mucous Mems. Increased Secretions; Abdomen Tympanitic. Muscular System.—Through the cerebro-spinal nervous sys- tem (excito-motor portion), Asafcetida produces hysterical insan- ity of any or all of the muscles in the body, especially centering upon the esophagus ; here it produces constant muscular spasm, feeling like a large lump in the throat that can not be swallowed. Glandular System.—Hspecially centering upon the ovaries, mamme, and testicles, producing hyper-sensitiveness and in- creased secretions, with swelling and induration. The sexual desire becomes excited and increased; and the menses become too early and too profuse. Mucous Membranes.—The action of Asafoetida is to increase all the mucous secretions, especially those of the digestive organs and lungs. On the mucous membranes of the digestive organs, in doses of one grain to twenty, this drug so increases the intestinal secretions that mild catharsis is produced, with great tympanitis of the whole abdomen; the distention of the stomach and bowels is perfectly immense. This is probably due to paresis of the muscular coat of this tract. With this distention, there is a dis- charge of aliaceous gas from the stomach and bowels that is intensely fetid. Larger doses, ten to thirty grains, produce nausea, vomiting, colic, increased biliary secretions, augmenting the peristaltic action of the intestines, and causing copious watery diarrhea. Dr. Heinigke says: “Although an action upon the brain and spinal marrow can not be disputed, yet the large ganglionic plex- 140 ASAFCTIDA. uses of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, the centers of the vascular nerves, especially the system of the vena cava inferior, seem to be principally affected. Thus the uncommon uritative conditions of the gastric and intestinal musculature, the intes- tinal mucosa, and the glandular organs belonging thereto, are explained, as well as the orgasm and hyperemia,—conditions which appear, now here, now there, in the abdominal and pelvic cavities.” It is also said to act upon the bones; but the evidence so far, is not satisfactory. Therapeutic Individuality. All forms of hysteria where the throat symptoms predominate ; i. e.,a sensation as if a lump or spasm were ascending in the csophagus, causing difficulty in breathing, and much alarm about the feeling in the throat. The excito-motor system throughout the body, is in a state of hyperesthesia and hysterical spasms ; phlegmatic constitutions; ill humor; over-sensitiveness, either physical or mental. Hysterical nervous headache; single and sudden stitches i in the left temple; stupor and complete coma. Pressive pain in the forehead from within outward. Fickle, hysterical; sleeplessness ; full of dreams. Vertigo; the mind is very active. Cold sweat upon the forehead. Otorrhceea, bones diseased, with offensive discharge. Eyes.—Very useful in ciliary neuralgias; deep-seated inflam- mation of the eyeball; iritis, kerato-iritis, irido-choroiditis, and retinitis, especially of a syphilitic origin, with throbbing, boring, or burning pains; especially, severe honing pain above the brows. All ageravated at night. Nose.—Caries of the bones; discharge of offensive pus ; ozena. Mouth.—“Constantly chewing and working frothy slime out of mouth, with swollen lip and tongue.”—Hy. . “Speech unintelligible ; tongue white.-swollen; chorea.”—Hg. Throat.—Burning and soreness of the fauces. Globus, sensation of a ball rising in the throat, with dyspnea. This hysterical rising of a lump in the throat is the most promi- nent symptom of this drug. Loss of appetite, with disgust for food. ASAFGTIDA, 141 Stomach.—Excessively fetid eructations, smelling like garlic. Great accumulation of gas in the stomach and bowels ; the gas constantly presses upward, with belching. Feeling of strong pulsations in the epigastrium ; powerful hiccough. “Meteorism of stomach, great tension and difficult eructations ; gone, empty feeling in pit of stomach, with pulsation, and faint- ing.”—Hg. Pain in stomach, darting upward along the cesophagus. Abdomen.—Flatulent colic, with abdominal pulsations, and great distension with gas; hysterical. Watery, green, or brown stools, with disgusting odor. Urinary Organs.—Copious watery urine in hysteria. Spasms of the bladder during and after urination. Urine very scanty, acrid, and strong smelling. Sexual Organs, Male.—Iritation in the glans penis, with stitches, and pain in the testicles. Very faint after coition. Increased sexual desire. Sexual Organs, Female.—Menses too early, too scanty, and last but a short time, with bearing-down pains, worse by motion. Sexual desire greatly excited ; nymphomania. “Leucorrheea, profuse, greenish, thin and offensive.”—G. Ulceration of the os, exceedingly sensitive, with fetid discharge. “Swelling and inflammation of the genitals.”—Hq. “It is said to kill the foetus and dry up the milk.”—Hg. * Mamme.—Mothers who have a deficiency of milk, with hyper- sensitiveness of the whole system. Mamme become turgid with milk, in those who are not preg- nant, as during the ninth month. Milk soon disappears after delivery. (In such cases this drug has often caused it to return. First three attenuations.) Air-Passages.—Nervous hysterical asthma, with hard, dry, spasmodic cough; spasm of the glottis, with hysterical spasms. Oppression of the chest, can hardly breathe, in great agony, and exceedingly restless ; brought on from eating or exertion. Old chronic catarrhs, with spasmodic, wheezing cough. Obstinate, dry, teasing cough at night, with globus; the chest feels as if there was a heavy weight upon it, with burning distress extending to the arms. “Palpitation with faintness, rush of blood to head, flushing of the face, anxiety and excitoment.”—Hg. 142 ASAFGTIDA. Nervous palpitation, with small, rapid pulse. Back.—Can not work, the back pains so much. Feels so weary can hardly walk; burning along the spine. Extremities.—Twitching and spasmodic action of the arms; frequent muscular jactitation in arms and hands, in hysteria. Wrist-joints ache much, especially in syphilis. Constant convulsive tremor of limbs; muscles twitch con- stantly. Hysterical convulsions is a marked symptom of Asafcetida. “Swelling around the ankle, can not use the foot; carious ulcer on the tibia, extremely sensitive.” —Hg. Painful, sensitive throbbing in the great toe. Skin.—Uleers that are excessively sensitive ; can not bear the softest dressing, or even the approach of any one. “Ulcers with high, hard, bluish edges; sensitive to touch; easily bleeding; thin, offensive, greenish, ichorous pus; ulcers grow black.” —Hg. Bones.—Scrofulous caries of the bones; the ulcer has high, hard edges, bleeds easily, is sensitive ; profuse greenish, offensive discharge, with hysterical temperament. Painfulness of the bones, with softening and swelling of the bone and periosteum. “Important in some forms of tertiary syphilis, especially Mer- curio-syphilitic affections of the bones of the wrist.”—F’. “Obesity ; seldom of use in bone diseases unless the body is heavy, bloated ; the skin adheres to the bone in caries.” —Hg. “Glands hard, swollen, hot and throbbing, with shooting pains ; all signs of fullness of the venous system.”—Hg. Particularly adapted to nervous, hysterical, scrofulous individ- uals, with venous, hemorrhoidal constitution, and phlegmatic temperament, with portal congestion. Aggravation.—While sitting ; after eating; and mornings. Amelioration.—In open air; from motion; and evenings. ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS. 143 ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS. Asparagus. Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture of berries and seeds, Class III. Through the spinal nerves, Asparagus has one special center of action : I. Kipneys. Increased Blood-Pressure; Diuresis. Urinary Organs.—Through the spinal nerves, the functions of the convoluted tubes are greatly excited from increased blood- pressure, causing excessive urination, with strong, offensive odor, accompanied by much aching distress in the sacral region. 2 Therapeutic Individuality. Rheumatic diathesis; joints especially affected with lithic acid deposits; and much rheumatic pain in the joints. Urine scanty, straw colored, and offensive, in rheumatism. Gravel passes in small quantities with the urine. Rheumatic gout, with concretions of lithic acid in the joints. Countenance pale, wax-like and bloated, with a general ex- pression of anxiety, in dropsical effusions. “Especially adapted to hydrothorax and general dropsy, where the kidneys are involved, with palpitation of the heart at night ; fullness of the chest; rapid, laborious respiration, and feeble, irregular pulse; very fretful and feverish; great languor and disinclination to physical or mental labor.”—Marcy and Hunt. Renal dropsy, urine scanty, loaded with the phosphates and the urate of ammonia, with many rheumatic symptoms, and often general anasarca. Excellent as a diet in rheumatism or renal dropsy. 144 AURUM, AURUM. Gold. Habitat: America, Australia, etc. An element. Trituration. Antidotes.—Asaf., Iod., Cupr., Bell., Merc., Camph., and Wine. Through the vegetative nervous system, Gold has six special centers of action : I. Lympuatic GLANDULAR SysTEM. Congestion; Induration. II. Ossrous System. Caries and Exostosis. III. Digestive Oreans. Gastro-Intestinal Inflammation. IV. Vascutar System. Excited, and Raised Temperature. V. Sxix. Copious Diaphoresis. VI. GENERATIVE OrGANS. Passions Excited. ’ Glandular System. —Aurum acts upon the whole glandular system, particularly centering upon the liver and testicles; they become congested and indurated. In the lymphatics, we have congestion, torpor, and adenitis. Chronic suppuration of glands, ascites and albuminuria. Bones.—Aurum especially affects the palatine bones, produc- ing caries and exostosis. It also produces inflammation of the periosteum. Digestive Organs.—It produces irritation and inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tract, with nausea, vomiting, flatulent colic, much rumbling and diarrhea, with increased urination. Vascular System.—The vascular system is moderately ex- cited, with febrile irritation, chill predominating. Chilliness and rigors are very prominent symptoms; can not get warm ; the whole body cold. Skin.—Aurum stimulates the absorbent, secretory, and excre- tory functions of the skin, producing copious night sweats, and a great liability to take cold, with sensitiveness of the whole body to the cold air. Sexual Organs.—Greatly excited and increased sexual desire in both sexes. In the male, it produces erotic salacity, going on AURUM. 145 to painful priapisms; and, in the female, too frequent and too profuse menstruation. Therapeutic Individuality. Great melancholy, the mind constantly dwells upon suicide, from congestion of the liver or testicles. Scrofulosis and syphilitico-mercurial affections, where there is great despondency and tendency to suicide. This all-pervading despondency is found in all diseases that call for the use of Gold. Dull, drawing, burning pains in the forehead ; head is hot, and the limbs are cool. “Rushes of blood to the head and brain ; headache; giddiness ; hammering and rustling noises in the head.”—Dr. J. C. Burnett. Pains in the bones of the head, with tenderness on pressure, and the bony lumps to be felt under the scalp, from secondary syphilis ; exostosis with nightly bone-pains. Tyes.—Amaurosis; can not see anything distinctly, as every- thing seems double; objects are jumbled up. Acute ophthalmia, sclerotica red, with burning heat, or kera- titis parenchymatosa ; photophobia ; loss of vision. “Chronic inflammation of the eyelids; fistula lachrymalis ; caries of the nasel bones.” —Hg. Ears.—Caries of the ossicula tympani; they come from the ear. Chronic inflammation and nightly bone-pains; chronic otorrheea, with buzzing noises, and very sensitive to sounds; music relieves. Nose.—Caries of the nasal, palatine, and mastoid bones; the bones of the face and nose are tender and painful, while the wings of the nose are sore and inflamed; sore within that scabs over. “Ozeena scrofulosa or syphilitica, with unbearable odor; bad- smelling watery discharge, irritating the upper lip.”—Hgq. “Red swelling of left nostril; nasal cavity ulcerated deep in, with dry, yellowish scurf, and sense of obstruction; blows blood and pus from the nose.”—Hg. “Coryza ; snuffles of a baby; pressing pains in the nose; deep cracks in the ale nasi.” —Hg. “Lupus attacking the ale nasi; in old cases of ozena”--Hg. Face.—‘“There is a pustular eruption on the face, neck, and chest, the parotid and submaxillary glands swell and are painful ; 146 . AURUM. the bones of the face and nose are tender and painful, while the wings of the nose are inflamed, with sores within that scab over.”—D. “Bxostosis of right cheek bone; submaxillary glands swollen; lips swollen, deep red, and are painful.” —Hg. Mouth.—Teeth loose; gums bleed, and are ulcerated. “Taste entirely lost. Tongue as hard as leather; stiff, can hardly talk; induration after glossitis; or cancer of the tongue.” —Hg. ‘ Teeth, gums, and throat very painful and ulcerated ; extremely offensive breath; with salivation. Craves nothing but acids. Tonsils suffer loss of substance from long-continued suppura- tion; tongue hard as leather, hardly movable; great tendency to become hoarse. Stomach.—Inflammation of the stomach; nausea, vomiting of green bile, with burning, sharp pains in the stomach, and cramps. Immoderate appetite and thirst, with qualmishness. Hypochondria.—“Induration of the liver, with dropsy.”—Hg. “Burning in right hypochondrium; hepatic hyperemia and swelling; much heat and swelling; ascites.”—Hg. Spleen enlarged; albuminuria. Abdomen.—Distention of abdomen from ascites, and much pain in the bowels; very stiff in region of the groins. Nightly diarrhcea, with burning in the rectum. Obstinate constipation, with hemorrhoids. “Fistula in ano, in young man.”—Hg. “Numerous circum-anal condylomata, and syphilitic diathe- sis.”"—Hg. Urinary Organs.—Urine scanty and turbid in dropsy. Albuminuria, pains in region of kidneys, frequent urging to urinate, worse at night; from tertiary syphilis. “Pressing around the waist; increased urination; renal hy- peremia.”—Hq. Albuminuria in pregnancy, with general anasarca and de- spondency. Sexual Organs, Male.—Great increase of sexual desire, with exhausting erections and pollutions, with hypochondriasis. AURUM. 147 Diminished sexual desire, with suicidal despondency. Induration of the testicles; warty excrescences on scrotum, prepuce, and anus; chancres that secrete an abundance of pus. Chronic gleet, accompanied with condylomatous excrescences. Sexual Organs, Female.—Menses too early and too profuse ; blood acrid and makes the parts sore. Menses suppressed in dropsy, with great despondency; os indurated. “Leucorrhea, light yellow, especially mornings; uterus pro- lapsed, indurated; sub-acute and chronic metritis.”—Hyg. “Pudendum over-sensitive ; burning heat and intolerable itch- ing.”"—Hg. “Gonorrheal discharge, glands of both groins swollen.”—Hg. General anasarca and dropsical symptoms during pregnancy. Air-Passages.—* We note all the symptoms of a running cold in the head ; congestion and catarrh of the entire bronchial lining, with dry and humid stages ; cough with dyspnoea, and constriction of the thorax.”—Dr. Burnett. “Extreme tightness of the chest, with difficult breathing at varying times; great weight of the chest, especially a heavy weight in the sternum.”—Dr. Burnett. Chronic bronchitis ; voice hoarse; throat inflamed, suffocative cough. “Pulmonary catarrh, sub-acute, with pains in left side of chest.” —Hg. Heart.—Palpitation of the heart, with suffocating oppression of the chest; feeling as though the heart ceased beating for a while, and suddenly a hard thump is felt. “Angina pectoris (next to Arsenic); with cardiac anguish ; violent, irregular palpitation; heart greatly oppressed.” —Hg. Endocarditis, rheumatic, from secondary syphilis. “Pulse small and frequent (dropsy) ; pulse large (angina pec- toris) ; weak pulse (stenocardia).”—Hg. . In walking, the heart seems to shake about as if it were loose, with restlessness, anxiety, arising from the region of the heart, driving him from one place to another. Beating of the heart causes-great anxiety. Back.—Various tearing, stitch-like pains about the body. Tearing pains in all the joints. “Great liability to catch cold; great sensitiveness of the whole body to all kinds of pain, so that the very thought of pain is almost the pain itself.”—-Dr. Burnett. 148 AURUM, Upper Limbs.—Spasmodic motion of arms, with tearing pains in shoulders and all the joints. : “The arms and legs are numb and asleep in the morning on awaking; great lassitude."—Dr. Burnett. Lower Limbs.—Exostosis, with severe nocturnal bone-pains, after syphilitico-mercurial affections ; periosteum very tender. Infiltration of the cellular tissue of legs; great edema in dropsy, albuminuria, scarlatina, etc. “Limbs cold, covered with sweat; or periostitis of foot.”—Hg. Periosteal inflammation, with intolerable bone-pains at night, worse from heat; exceedingly restless; of a syphilitic origin; caries of joints. Skin.—Dry and shrunken; eczema; pustules; small red ele- vations; ulcers and scurf; secondary syphilis. Cancerous glands, with induration and ulceration. “Dropsies, from heart disease ; liver affections ; scarlatina and intermittent fever, with general anasarca.”—Hg. “Cured ascites, even after three successive tappings.”—Hg. “Gold salts and Mercury salts both loosen the cohesion of the organic tissue. Both stimulate the absorbent, secreting, and ex- creting functions of skin, kidneys, and salivary glands. Gold employed for a longer period, initiates a peculiar metamorphosis of plastic life; differing from the Mercurials in stimulating more the activity of the heart and blood-vessels, but not so much the organic tissue as dry Mercury.”—Hg. Fever.—Hectic fever, with copious, offensive night sweats. “Copious cold sweat after scarlatina and variola.”—Hg. “Violent rheumatic fever, with painful swelling of the joints; leaving the joints and attacking the heart.”—Hg. Fever from secondary syphilis, with periosteal inflammation. Over-sensitiveness to all pain and cold air; very restless. “Chilliness and rigors are very prominent symptoms; cold hands and feet, chill down the back; the whole body shivers with cold, can not get warm all night; followed by fever and great. thirst ; morning perspiration all over.”—Hah. In old people, where the scrofulous element predominates, af- flicted with dyspnea from cardiac difficulty, and great debility, with anasarca. Gold will rejuvenate such people. Ageravation.—Mornings ; on getting cold; while reposing at night the warmth of the bed-clothes is intolerable. Amelioration.—By moving ; while walking ; on getting warm; in cold, wet weather. ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 149 ACIDUM BENZOICUM. Benzoic Acid. Chemical preparation, from Gum-benzoin. Trituration. Tincture, Class IV. Through the spinal nervous system, Benzoie acid has two special cen- ters of action: I. Urinary Oreans. Congested; Secretions Putrid. II. Joints anp Fisrous Tissuz. Gouty Diathesis. Urinary Organs.—Benzoic acid causes congestion of the kid- neys, with an increased secretion of extremely offensive urine. Dr. Ure says: “Benzoic acid causes the disappearance of uric acid from the urine, which is replaced by hippuric acid.” On the contrary, Dr. Keller says: “Benzoic acid is converted into hip- puric acid at the expense, according to Garrod, of the urea, the uric acid meanwhile remaining undiminished.” The only logical conclusion would seem to be that the effect of Benzoic acid upon the urine is variable. All authorities appear to agree, however, in asserting that the activity is increased. It delays the decompo- sition of urine and the formation of carbonate of ammonia, and changes the already-formed carbonate into innocent hippurate of ammonia. Fibrous Tissue and Joints.—Benzoic acid produces a rheu- matic, gouty diathesis, and the joints become filled with the uric acid phosphates. Therapeutic Individuality. Rheumatic and gouty subjects, with excessively fetid urine, smelling like that of horses; very high colored; gravel, urine muco-purulent and extremely offensive. It has cured, and often diminished, the formation of uric acid ealeuli, when the urine is fetid. Irritable bladder, with enuresis, and many rheumatic symp- toms; enuresis nocturna of children. “Dysuria senilis ; bladder irritable ; nephritic colic ; urine deep red, of a strong odor like that of horses, excoriating.”—Hq. “Dark, high-colored, very fetid, offensive urine; often contains mucus and pus, with calculous or gouty diathesis.”—Hq. 150 ACIDUM BENZOICUM. Urine hot, scalding, extremely offensive; can hardly stay in the room where it is, the smell is so cadaverous. “IT have found it very serviceable in old people, when a high- colored and strong-smelling urine dribbles away, partly from the irritation it causes, and partly from the want of power on the part of the bladder to retain it.” —Hughes. Urinary calculi, in rheumatic or gouty subjects, with fetid urine. Digestive Organs.—Glossitis ; tongue extensively ulcerated. “Angina faucium and tonsillitis, with strong urine.” —Hg. Feeble digestion; loathing of food; much thirst; nausea, vomiting, burning and distention of the stomach. Abdomen. Severe cutting pains, with much flatulence. Obstruction of the liver, with fine stitching pains. Stool.—White, fetid, watery, copious, and exhausting stools, in infants where the urine smells like that of horses. “Stools copious, watery, grayish-white, like dirty soap-suds; excessively offensive, scenting the whole house, like the fetid urine ; putrid; bloody; frothy and scanty.”—Hg. “Diarrhea of children; stools copious, watery, clear colored, very fetid; urine deep red, and uncommonly fetid.”—Hg. Sexual Organs, Male.—Chronic gonorrhea; smarting of the urethra, and urine excessively offensive. Warty excrescences and condylomata that discharge much. Sexual Organs, Female.—Menses too early, with much de- bility, especially after menstruation ; urine very fetid. Amenorrhea and prolapsus uteri, with fetid urine. Gastric derangements when ascending a height. Lochia last too long; very acrid and fetid. Air-Passages.—Bronchitis, with asthma, and rheumatism. “Dry, constant hacking cough; followed by expectoration of green mucus.”—Hg. Much oppression of lungs; asthenic pneumonia; great weak- ness; difficult breathing; promotes expectoration. Great weakness ; difficult breathing; cough and asthma. Asthma, with inflammatory rheumatic complaints. Catarrhal diseases of lungs; when great weakness prevails; much mucus in the throat; hoarseness ; dyspnea. Asthenic asthma, bronchitis or pneumonia, rheumatic form. Typhoid pneumonia ; great debility, and strong-smelling urine. ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 151 Heart.—“Awakens after midnight with violent pulsations of the heart and temporal arteries ; gouty rheumatism affecting the heart; hard, frequent pulse; fever; heat; sweat. Sternum sensitive to touch; rheumatoid affection of muscles. Back.—Rheumatic myelitis; dull pain in renal region; loins stiff; great weakness of the lumbar region. Upper Limbs.—Gouty deposits in all the joints. Tearing pains deep in the bones; fingers greatly swollen, with tearing pains; panaritium. Ganglion. Dr. Bayes has several times cured ganglion of the wrist. (Used locally, in proportion of five grains to one drachm of lard. Mrs. Dr. J. N. Wilkins has confirmed this.) Lower Limbs —Rheumatism of the joints, with limy concre- tions; pains shift often; knee-joints crack from dryness. “During the night, gout commences in right great toe, with redness and tumefaction ; syphilitic rheumatism ; urine fetid. Pains commence in the right and go to the left side. “The more Benzoic acid is used in gout, the more it will be. valued.”—Hq. Emaciation, weakness; weariness; rheumatic, tearing pains. Skin.—Ulcers; syphilitic spots; wart-like condylomata on: the genitals and anus; itching and burning of the skin. Urticaria in rheumatic, gouty subjects ; mind much depressed. Aggrayvation.—In cold air, and mornings. Amelioration.—In warm air, and evenings 152 ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. Carbolic Acid. Chemical preparation. Alcoholic solution. Antidotes.—Lime-water freely; Alkalies, Soap, Fixed Oils, Demulcent Drinks. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Carbolic acid has four special centers of action: I. Brain. Congestion, Insensibility; Convulsions. II. Buroop. Septic Condition. III. DicEstive Oreans. (Upper Portion.) Inflamed. IV. Locatiy. Anesthetic and Highly Antiseptic. Cerebro-Spinal System.—The brain is greatly congested, with vertigo, insensibility, convulsions, stertorous breathing, cold perspiration, great prostration, and death. As a poison, in doses of an ounce or more, “an intense burning pain is felt in the throat and cesophagus, followed by staggering as if from intoxication, and then by complete insensibility ; the face is pale; the lips and hands livid; the pupils usually contracted ; though in rapid death they may be dilated; the pulse is generally above the normal rate, but sometimes much below it, and at the same time soft and compressible; respiration stertorous, and mu- cous and sonorous rhonci fill the lungs; tongue swollen. The skin, breath, urine, and feces, if any, smell strongly of the Acid; the urine is often copious, and generally passed with difficulty. Death takes place, sometimes instantaneously, but generally in from one to three hours.”—/Stille. Carbolic acid stimulates the respiratory center and the peri- pheric nerve-endings. Post-Mortem Lesions.—“Skin purplish; about the angle of the mouth, it is apt to be discolored and shriveled by the caustic action of the Acid; the mucous membrane of the mouth white; the tongue and esophagus dry, brown, and shrunken, and its epithelium readily detached; mucous membrane of the stomach reddened, especially along the edges of the ruge; sometimes it presents whitish patches and is easily peeled off; its epithelial layer is sometimes cornified. The air-passages filled with frothy ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. 153 mucus; lungs congested; and the brain very much congested’ with venous blood, and some portions of the brain are bathed with serous effusion.” —Stille. Blood.—This is in a septic condition; and we have produced putrefactive affections, such as carbuncle and putrid diseases. Gastro-Intestinal Canal.—The upper portion becomes con- gested and inflamed. Locally.—It is used as an anesthetic; and, in minor surgery, itis of great value. To illustrate its action, Dr. Smith painted on his arm a spot an inch in diameter, with an 85-per-cent solu- tion of Carbolic acid. Fora minute it caused slight burning, then the skin became quite numb, whitened,and shriveled. At this point he made an incision half an inch long without even feel- ing the knife, the wound healing as usual. Three hours after- ward he thrust a needle into the skin, without causing pain or vesication. He found that, when incising whitlows, the applica- tion of the Acid greatly lessened the pain. Carbolic acid destroys the lowest forms of animal and veg- etable life, and prevents fermentation and putrefaction. It does not act on putrid gases, but kills the living germs developed in the process of putrefaction. The vapor of the acid kills all forms of insects and animal parasites. In putrefactive, sloughing wounds, the lotion destroys all fetor, facilitates the separation of the slough, and causes healthy granulations to spring up. As a local remedy for the surgeon, its usefulness can not be over-estimated ; and, for full particulars, see works on surgery. Therapeutic Individuality. The main use of Carbolic acid is found in the practice of sur- gery, a8 an antiseptic in all wounds or sores where there is a tendency to putrefaction. The antiseptic properties of the Acid destroy the atmospheric germs or infusoria which keep up putre- faction. It does not act on putrid gases, but kills the living germs developed in the process of putrefaction, striking directly at the cause, and not the effect. Its powerful antiseptic properties make it a valued agent for disinfection. Three preparations of Carbolic acid are used by surgeons: 1. Carbolic acid and boiled linseed, or other fixed oil, in the proportion of one to five. 2. Carbolic acid and water, in proportion of one to thirty. 154 ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. 3. Carbolic oil and whitening, in the proportions requisite for the consistence of soft putty. The results of the employment of these preparations in surgery may almost be called wonderful. In all amputations, the cut sur- faces are bathed with Carbolic acid lotion, the edges coaptated, and a paste of the Acid applied, so as to prevent the air from com- ing in contact with the wound; and it all unites by first intention. In all forms of abscess, after opening and evacuating the pus, wash with the lotion, and seal with the Carbolic paste. In putrefactive, sloughing wounds, the lotion destroys all fetor, facilitates the separation of the slough, and causes healthy gran- ulations to springup. Itarrests fermentation produced by organ- ized matter. Its action upon the brain so closely resembles apoplexy that we should expect good results in this disease; and it has cured hydrocephalus. Vertigo; confusion of the head; delirium; stupor; sleepless- ness; restlessness; much dreaming; and frontal headache; or congestive headache with confusion of the mind; pupils dilated; sight confused, with roaring in the ears. Digestive Organs.—Aphthous inflammation of the mouth, with salivation, and much burning of the mouth. Diphtheritic inflammation of the fauces; dark-colored mem- brane; breath excessively fetid, much fever of a septic character, and great prostration. (Internally, and locally as a spray.) Loss of appetite; thirst, and slimy taste in the mouth. Stomach. Eructations ; nausea and vomiting, with great flat- ulency; morning nausea and vomiting, with congestion of the brain. Abdomen bloated ; flatulence ; soreness in lower bowels; flatu- lent colic; with watery diarrhoea and constant urging to stool; cholera infantum, with brain symptoms. Inflammation of mucous membranes, with foul discharges, accompanied by great prostration. Urinary Organs.— Urine increased, with frequent micturition. Or very high-colored urine filled with the phosphates. In some cases, it will be useful in albuminuria after malignant scarla- tina, etc. Sexual Organs, Male.—Sexual passion excited, with nightly emissions, followed by great relaxation of the organs. ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. 155: Sexual Organs, Female.—Ovarian irritation (left); menses too late, and, when they do appear, they are too profuse ; menor- rhagia. Endometritis, with foul discharges. Internally, and applied locally by the use of cloth tents, once a week. No known remedy can take its place as a caustic to arouse healthy action in the in- flamed tissues. Dr. Ringer uses it as an injection directly into. the uterus, diluted with glycerine and water; and, in uterine: ulceration and cancer, it can be used freely in the vagina as an. injection. It relieves the pain in a great measure, dissipates par- tially the inflammation and hypertrophy, and removes entirely: the foul odor found in malignant ulceration. In vegetations, condylomata, mucous patches, and ulcers of the cervix, the undiluted Acid applied locally is admirable. In prurigo of vulva, the undiluted Acid often leads to a cure.. When the lochia are characterized by foul-simelling discharges,. injections of dilute Carbolic acid will arrest the fetor at once. Air-Passages.—Dry, hard, tickling, spasmodic cough; chest. feels too narrow; laryngitis, with stertorous breathing ; pertussis. In chronic bronchitis, with profuse fetid expectoration, and not much dyspneea, inhalations of dilute Carbolic acid spray, not only lessen the abundant expectoration, but remove the excessive- fetor of the breath. In gangrene of the lungs, no remedy can. take its place. Skin.—In eczema, pityriasis, psoriasis, and vesicular eruptions: of the skin, with much burning and itching; and many cases of the itch have been cured with the Carbolic lotion. For all putre- factive, sloughing ulcers and wounds, the local use of this Acid can not be dispensed with; it not only removes the fetor, but: causes healthy granulations to spring up. All kinds of animal parasites on the human body, such as lice, acari, fleas, chigo, worms, and larve, are killed by the local use: of this Acid. Extremities.—Trembling, convulsions; epilepsy, and nerv- ous affections of an anesthetic character; paralysis; muscles. stiff; much pain in the neck and back; aching in shin bones. Septic fevers with much debility, with foul secretions. Aggravation.—In open air, and morning. Amelioration.—From motion. 156 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. ACIDUM FLUORICUM. Fluoric Acid. Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution; in gutta-percha vials. Antidotes.—Alkalies in milk; Magnesia, Lime, Soap, Bland Drinks. The sphere of action of this drug is not fully understood ; but, from what I can learn, I shall place it in the organic group, and believe its main action is spent on the five following tissues: I. Lympuatic GranpuLar 8. Indurated. THyRorp. Goiter. II. Mucous Memgs. Chronic Congestion and Inflammation. IIL Skin. Sour, Glutinous Perspiration; Alopecia. IV. OsseEous System. Inflammation; Caries. V. Venous System. Varicosis. Lymphatic Glandular System.—This Acid especially affects the thyroid gland, producing bronchocele. M.Maumene believes that the cause of goiter is the presence of fluorides in drinking- water. The water is thoroughly impregnated in goiterous dis- tricts with the fluorides. A permanent goiter was established’ in a dog by a five-months course of the Fluoride of Potassium. In- flammation and suppuration of the lymphatics and liver. Mucous Membranes.—lIt produces chronic congestion and inflammation of the fauces, stomach, intestines, and genito- urinary organs. Bones and Teeth.—It produces caries, and pains in bones. Skin and Hair.—Here it causes a glutinous, sour perspira- tion; itching and redness of old cicatrices, with falling-oft of the hair; baldness, and congestion of the head. Venous System.—Varicosis, especially of the lower extrem- ities, with varicosic ulcers of the skin. This Acid is the most caustic and highly corrosive substance known. It readily dissolves silica and silicic acid. As a solvent of silex in the animal economy, it is especially useful. Glass is energetically acted upon by this Acid; its transparency is in- ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 157 stantly destroyed, and heat is evolved. Its vapor is more pungent. than chlorine, or any of the irritating gases. Therapeutic Individuality. In action this remedy closely resembles Silicea; and its great. sphere of usefulness will be found in suppurative diseases of a. sub-acute and chronic nature. Great loss of memory; forgets almost everything. Is well satistied with himself; fears nothing. Very anxious and depressed in mind; ill humored. Head feels full, with pain in the occiput; feeling in the brain. as if on the verge of being struck with apoplexy. Congestion of blood to the head and scalp; the hair becomes. dry, breaks off, and falls out (syphilis). Caries of the skull bones, with nightly bone-pains. Syphilitic erosions; mucous tubercles; exostosis, with nightly bone-pains. resembling those of Mercury. Eyes.—‘“Fistula lachrymalis; increased lachrymation.”—Hg. “Sensation as if strong wind were blowing in the eyes; must. tie them up and keep them warm.”—Hg. Chronic ophthalmia, feeling of sand in the eye, must wink. constantly. Retinal excitement with red photopsia. Nose.—Nose obstructed; red; swollen and inflamed; chronic nasal catarrh, with ulceration of the septum; fluent coryza. Face.—“Tubercles on the forehead and face, with ulcera- tion.”—Raue. Face constantly hot, wants to bathe it continually in cold water. Mouth.—Rapid caries of the teeth ; toothache worse from cold drinks ; teeth and mouth coated with dark mucus. “Tongue; vivid red at tip and edges; yellow in center; whit- ish and dry; or deeply fissured in all directions ; phagedenic ulcer in the center.” —Hg. , Acrid, foul taste, with copious salivation. Chronic catarrhal inflammation of the pharynx and fauces, with ptyalism; especially if syphilitic; soft palate and uvula intensely red, much tumefied ; breath fetid, voice nasal; so much mucus can not sleep. 158 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. “Throat peculiarly sensitive to cold, slightest exposure result- ing in inflammation; great pain; deglutition impeded; hawking phlegm mixed with blood.” —Hg. Stomach.—Craves cold water, and is constantly hungry. Nausea and bilious vomiting, with purging. Great feeling of fullness and weight in the stomach. Liver.—Enlarged and indurated, from abuse of whiskey; it is very sensitive to pressure. Ulceration of the liver. Ascites from hepatic induration and portal congestion. Abdomen.—“Great tension and dropsy of abdomen.”—Hg. Great feeling of emptiness in abdomen, relieved by bandage. Stool.—Bilious diarrhea, worse mornings, and after drinking. Very loose yellow mucous stools, with griping and tenesmus. Constipation, with great varicosis of the hemorrhoidal veins. Copious hemorrhages after a constipated stool. Urine.—Urine scanty, high colored, with much burning and ‘painful in passing; urine pungent and fetid. Sexual Organs, Male.—Great sexual excitement, especially in old men; gleety discharges from the penis. “Dropsical swelling of the penis; hydrocele.”—Hg. “Oily, pungent-smelling sweat on the genitals.”—Hg. Syphilitic erosions ; secondary and tertiary, with nightly bone- ‘pains. Sexual Organs, Female.—“Much congestion of the sexual organs; menses too early, too profuse; blood thick, in clots; she fears nothing, and is well satisfied with herself.”—G. Acrid, excoriating leucorrhea. During pregnancy, has much congestion of blood to the head. Nipples very red, sore and cracked. Air-Passages.—Dryness of the larynx, with weak, hoarse ‘voice; breathing difficult; chest oppressed. Cough, dry, short and frequent. Dropsy of the chest; hydrothorax ; pulse frequent, small, and often irregular; patient can not lie down; dyspnea. Upper Extremities.—Rheumatism, especially venereal ; arms and shoulders are very lame and pain much. Hands very weak and feel numb; they burn much. ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 159 For whitlow, use a solution of one-eighth of a grain to the ounce of water; apply with compress. This will abort many cases. Acute pricking pains in the ends of the fingers; nails grow with great rapidity. Lower Extremities.—Caries of the bones, with severe nightly ‘bone-pains, and great prostration. Feet and hands excessively moist. Lameness in the back, hip, and legs. Synovitis of the knee-joint ; much pain, followed by dropsy. Great anasarca, the cedema extends the whole length of the leg; in dropsy of the chest and abdomen. Feet hot and burn much. Varicose veins upon the legs, tend to ulceration. Corns inflamed and very sore. (Use lotion. Of great value.) Skin.—In secondary and tertiary syphilis, with squamous erup- tions on the skin; dry eruptions; erosions, mucous tubercles, and elevated blotches; skin sallow. Frequent inclination to small boils; carbuncles. “Ulcers, discharge copious; worse from warmth; better from cold. Old cicatrices become red around the edges; surrounded ‘by itching vesicles; itch violently.” —Hg. Nevus, flat, and irritated. “Perspiration glutinous and sour.” —Hughes. Bronchocele has been rapidly cured with this Acid. Many remarkable cures of goiter have been reported. The sweat promotes excoriation and decubitus ; burning pains confined to small spots. Fever.—No chill, but much heat and sour perspiration ; ‘slightest motion produces nausea. Rheumatic fever, or gout, with sour, clammy, fetid sweat. Hectic fever, with sour sweat, emaciation and great debility. People that look prematurely old. Aggravation.—Morning; on rising from bed. Amelioration.—From motion. 160 ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. Prussic Acid. Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution. Antidotes.—Atrop., Camph., Ammon., Coff., Nux vom., Verat. vir., Op., Alkaloids. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, this Acid has four special centers of action: I. Crresro-SpinaL System. Tonic Spasms; Motor Paralysis. Il. Muscies. The Life is Struck Down as if by Lightning. IIL. Boop. Disorganized; Black and Uncoagulable. IV. Circ’y. Cardiac Ganglia Paralyzed; Vaso-Motor Paralysis. Cerebro-Spinal System.—The action of this Acid upon the- brain is intensely rapid and profound, perfectly resembling that of epilepsy, in which disease, we have contraction of the cerebral arteries from irritation of the cervical sympathetic, which is re- garded as the proximate cause of epilepsy. Consequently, we- must believe that this drug, at least in part, acts through the. same channel. But the most of its action is spent upon the cor- pora olivaria, medulla oblongata, and anterior portion of the: spinal cord. Its action upon the pneumogastric nerve, and through this upon the lungs, heart, and stomach, is the most interesting and useful action of the drug. “The tonic spasms excited by this Acid are nowhere more marked than in the organs of respiration. This is the general testimony of all toxicologists. Spasmodic respiration is noted by all observers of acute poisoning ; and Wood mentions, among the chronic effects of the vapor, ‘difficult respiration, constriction of the throat, feeling of suffocation. The only marked post-mortem phenomenon,’ he writes, ‘is a universal venous congestion, prov- ing that the circulation has been arrested in the lungs.’ “Prof. Preyer, of Jena, says that ‘the lethal action of Prussic. acid is due to embarrassment of the lungs and heart by its action. on the terminal branches of the vagi in these organs. “T believe, with Kolliker, ‘that it paralyzes, first the brain, next the cord, and then the motor nerves ; the paralysis extending: from the trunk to the periphery. It paralyzes the heart, its action. ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM, 161 ceasing in diastole. The voluntary muscles soon lose their irritability and become stiff.’”—Hughes. Medulla Oblongata and Pneumogastric Nerve.—Dr. I. Jones, of Nashville, says that this Acid “acts primarily, directly, and chiefly upon the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord, and its ability to produce death, is dependent upon its action upon the medulla oblongata.” According to Dr. Preyer, “during the three stages of Hydro- cyanic-acid poisoning [stage of asthma, stage of convulsions, stage of asphyxia], the respirations are lessened in frequency; and, during the latter moments of life, the efforts at breathing are very distant, and finally cease before the arrest of cardiac move- ments.” These respiratory phenomena of Prussic-acid poisoning are in all probability due to an influence exerted directly upon the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata, and not upon the peripheral ends of the vagi. Through the filaments of the vagi distributed to the stomach, we have nervous dyspepsia well marked, as shown by tenderness in the epigastrium, flatulence, severe gastralgia, nausea, but very seldom vomiting, pyrosis, with palpitation of heart and dyspnea. Spinal Cord.—‘“This Acid acts especially upon the anterior portion of the cord, as shown by general spasm of the muscular system, which is soon followed by debility of the muscles of ani- mal life, while the heart and thorax act more rapidly to compen- sate for their feebleness; but soon more or less general spasms set in, and death ends the scene. Sometimes the life of the mus- cular system is struck down as if by lightning. “The experiments of Kolliker are in agreement with those of Stannius, that the muscle dies very much more quickly in a solu- tion of this Acid than does the nerve, losing its excitability in from seven to eight minutes. This rapid destruction of muscular irri- tability by the local application of Prussic acid was first noted by Coullon in 1819. Yet, it is most probable, that, when given inter- nally, itacts almost as rapidly upon the nerve-trunks as upon the muscles; since Kolliker noted, that in some cases galvanization of the nerve was incapable of causing contractions in the tributary muscles. although the latter responded feebly to direct stimula- tion. This has been corroborated by Dr. Funk. It is a question of interest to decide as to the cause of the convulsions produced by this Acid. I have found that they do not occur after section of the cord in parts below the point of section, and that they are therefore cerebral in origin.” —H. C. Wood. 162 ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. Upon the peripheral sensory nerves, this Acid acts as a paraly- zant, destroying their functions. Blood.—This is in a dark fluid form and uncoagulable. Post- mortem appearances: “The venous system is gorged with dark- colored blood; the veins of the brain and spinal marrow, of the solid viscera of the abdomen, the lungs, as well as those empty- ing into the heart, and the right side of this organ itself, are dis- tended with blood.”—Wood. Many think this drug acts mainly through the blood upon the cranio-spinal system, producing its lightning-like effects; but Lewisson has proved that the action of the poison upon the nery- ous system is a direct one, and not due to changes in the blood; for the Acid acts as well upon the bloodless salt frog as upon the normal batrachian. Heart and Circulation.—Upon the heart, this Acid produces instantaneous diastolic arrest, which is either permanent or re- occurs after a few slow, feeble beats, followed by rapid action for a short time, and then slow, feeble pulsations. This is caused by the cardiac inhibitory apparatus being first stimulated, which is soon followed by paralysis. Preyer attributes very great impor- © tance to the cardiac vagus in Prussic-acid poisoning, and, when the doses are not too large, attributes the whole of the symptoms to the changes in the innervation of the vagus; that is, to a tem- porary irritation or paresis of the inhibitory vagus. The absolute stoppage of the heart by large doses, is attributed to a direct pare- sis of the automatic nerve centers of the heart itself. The action of this Acid on the circulatory organs originates partly in the re- spiratory disturbance, and partly in a directly paralyzing effect of the poison on the vaso-motor nerves. Poisonous Effects.—In a large dose, Prussic acid kills imme- diately, the victim frequently uttering a loud cry, and expiring from cardiac syncope. If the quantity taken be smaller, symp- toms of suffocation supervene from paralysis of the respiratory center, and, if the process be more gradual, from deficient supply of oxygen in the blood. Other symptoms noted are convulsions, ereat muscular prostration, dilatation of pupils, and quick, feeble, irregular pulse. If the poison be taken in a concentrated form, death may ensue very rapidly, in probably less than a minute. Guinea-pigs, after inhaling some of the gaseous Acid, die in from one to fifteen seconds; one died in one second, according to Preyer. ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 163 Therapeutic Individuality. Diseases of the cerebro-spinal system that come on with great suddenness and severity ; mind depressed and very irritable. Sudden cerebral congestion, with profound coma; preceded by vertigo, weight and great pain in the back of the head. Prolonged sleeplessness, or very heavy sleep; fear and great anxiety. Sudden supra-orbital neuralgia, with much flushing of the same side of the face. “Spasms when the muscles of the back, face, and jaws, are principally affected, and the body assumes a bluish tint.”—G. Long fainting spells, with palpitation of the heart, and rapid, feeble pulse. Eyes sunken; glossy; blindness. Digestive Organs.—Great sinking sensation at the epigas- trium. Fluid runs gurgling down the cesophagus. : Intense gastrodynia, and enterodynia, with much flatulence. Here this remedy has been of untold value. In these cases the heart greatly sympathizes with the dyspeptic symptoms. Enteralgia, with distention of the abdomen. (Many cures.) Cholera, with marble coldness of the whole body, pulseless- ness, and rapid progress of the disease toward asphyxia. Involuntary stools, hiccough, and great prostration. Sexual Organs, Female.—Gone or sinking sensation in the epigastrium, with frequent hot flashes, at the climacteric. Has acted well in hysteria, epileptic form. Uremia, asphyctic form. Retention of urine in Asiatic cholera. Involuntary urination. Air-Passages.—Whooping-cough; dry, spasmodic, suffoca- ting cough. (Has cut many cases short.) In nervous cough, with dyspnea, it acts nicely, but never has made many cures of asthma; however, it has acted well where the minute bronchial tubes were chiefly involved, with puffy face and feeble action of the heart; or the heart’s action may be violent. Skin.—Scarlatina or variola; eruption dark, livid color; rapid, feeble pulse, coma, and great prostration. Itching ; formication ; erythema; skin very pale. Aggravation.—Afternoon and evening. Amelioration.—Open air, and from coffee. 164 ACIDUM MURIATICUM. ACIDUM MURIATICUM. Muriatic Acid. Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution. Antidotes.—Alkalies, Magnesia, Soap, Bland Drinks, Bry., Camph. Through the vegetative nervous system, Hydrochloric acid has four special centers of action: I. Mucous Mempranes. Inflammation; Ulceration. II. Sxin. Vesicular and Papular Eruptions. III. Buoop. Septic Alkalinity; Diminished. IV. GuanpuLar System. (Sarivary.) Salivation. Mucous Membranes.—This Acid especially acts upon the mucous membranes of the gastro-intestinal tract, producing in- flammation, ulceration, and deposits of mucus like pseudo- membrane, with fungoid growths. The most of its action is spent upon the mouth and the anus; and these localities are the centers for its greatest therapeutic action. Skin.—Here Muriatic acid produces vesicular and papular eruptions, as well as putrid ulceration. Blood.—This Acid diffuses itself into the blood with more rapidity than any of the acids, rendering the alkaline blood acid, and producing a septic condition similar to that found in malig- nant asthenic fevers, with high temperature and great prostration of the vital forces. Glandular System.—This Acid acts upon the salivary glands, producing salivation, and on the glandular system of the intes- tinal tract. Their normal secretions are increased ; and massive doses produce congestion, inflammation, and destructive ulcera- tion, with chronic diarrhcea. Therapeutic Individuality. Asthenic diseases, with moaning ; unconsciousness ; irritable, fretful, peevish; disposed to anger, and great restlessness, ver- tigo; a whirling sensation around in the head. ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 165 Restless sleep, anxious dreams ; very sleepy; eyes closed from weakness. “Heaviness in occiput; sight obscured ; glands swollen.”—Hg. “Headache as if the brain were torn or beaten to pieces ; worse on moving the eyes or sitting up; better from moderate exercise.”"—Hq. “Steady, sharp pain in the back part of the head, with a heavy feeling as if the occiput were filled with lead.”—Hy. Heat on the top of the head; tearing in right parietal bone ; hair sore, as if it were standing on end. Ears.—Hardness of hearing, or over-sensitive to noise. In low, asthenic fevers. Eyes.—Muscular asthenopia; sharp burning pain from left to right eye, relieved by washing. Photophobia during day. Obscured sight; pupils contracted; pain in occiput. (Ty- phoids.) Nose.—Long-lasting nosebleed, in asthenic fevers and whoop- ing-cough; fetid discharges; obstructions; acrid coryza; dis- charge of pus. Face.—Glowing red cheeks, with heat in the face; face sud- denly red with coma; scarlatina; typhoid. Lower jaw hangs down, from debility, in asthenic fever. Mouth.—Gums swollen, bleeding, ulcerating; mouth as if glued up with insipid mucus; much salivation. Taste acrid and putrid, like rotten eggs, with ptyalism. Aphthe, and fetid ulcerations of the mouth and throat. Mouth dry, tongue heavy and paralyzed ; ulcers on the tongue, the patient can not move it at all, even if conscious. In its local use on the mouth, this Acid does wonders; about specific in aph- the and ulcerations. Inflamed, swollen, and tender salivary glands; ulcers in the mouth and throat that slough and extend together, with exces- sively fetid breath. “It is one of the few medicines which have a specific action on the tongue; it has been used successfully for many affections of that organ.”—Hughes. : “Mucous lining of throat and fauces deep, dark red, swollen, and burning; rawness and smarting ; covered with grayish-white diphtheritic deposits; attempting to swallow produces violent choking spasms.”—Hah. 166 ACIDUM MURIATICUM. Anorexia, great thirst ; putrid taste, or bulimia. Stomach.—Putrid eructations; nausea; vomiting; sensation of an empty, gone feeling, not relieved by eating. Atonic dyspepsia, with excessive formation of acid, manifested . by eructations, pyrosis, heartburn, and ulcerative stomatitis, (Of great value in doses of from five to twenty drops of 2x before meals.) Abdomen.—Great distention of abdomen with gas, in indiges- tion, and low, asthenic typhoids. Stool.—Diarrhoea, dark, profuse, green, slimy, bloody, and often involuntary. Asthenic fevers. “Watery diarrhea; stools and urine involuntary.”—G. _ “Diarrhea with intolerable itching of the anus, which is sometimes so sore that it can not be touched.”—G. “Varices of the anus, which are exceedingly sore to the touch; much prostration.”—G. “Largely protruding piles; bluish, and extremely sensitive and painful.”—G. “Tf the anus be very sensitive, either with or without hemor- rhoids, Muriatic acid is sure to be the right remedy.”—G. “Hixceeding tenderness of the anus; she can not bear the least touch, not even of the clothes.” —G. “Can not bear the slightest touch upon the anus, which often itches violently, and is not relieved by scratching.” —G. Urine.— Urine red, frequent, and scanty, in asthenic fevers. “Slow emission of urine; bladder weak; must wait a long time before urine will pass; has to press so that the anus pro- trudes ; urine involuntary.”—Hg. Sexual Organs, Male.—Organs weak; impotency; watery, bloody gleet ; much itching of the prepuce and scrotum. Sexual Organs, Female.—Menses too early and too profuse. “Very sad and silent during menstruation, as if she would die.” —G. “Menses too early and too profuse, with extremely sore hemorrhoids, which sometimes itch terribly.”—G. Leucorrhea, with exceeding soreness of the anus; either from piles or from fissure.” —G. “Uterine ulceration ; putrid discharges; very sensitive; with stitches and pain in the vagina; attended with a great sense of weakness.” —G. ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 167 Fever.—Sighing, with great debility; sliding down in bed; attended with an intermittent pulse. “Febris stupida; constant sliding down in bed; groaning and moaning in sleep; muttering and unconsciousness while awake.” —Raue. [Puerperal fever. ] A general state of paresis in low fevers where there is much putrescence of the fluids. More chill than heat. Great restlessness, in asthenic fever. “Scarlatina maligna ; intense redness rapidly breaking out all over the body, with great restlessness, anxiety, and coma; dark bluish-red fauces.”—Raue. Adapted to low, febrile condition of the blood; with ulcera- tions of mucous membranes, and fetid breath, and deep nervous exhaustion, in obstinate secondary syphilis, where the digestive nutritive functions are feeble and Mercury can not be borne. Air-Passages.— Larynx sore, inflamed ; dyspnea; tickling in the chest, with dry, spasmodic cough ; burning pain in chest. Deep, sighing respiration. with much groaning. Burning, bursting pain in chest, as if beaten. Skin.—Painful, putrid ulcers; burn at circumference. Blood-boils ; black pocks ; petechie ; skin purple. Malignant eruptive fevers; eruptions spread rapidly. Copious night sweats. Back.—Pressing, drawing, tired pain in lumbar region. Has much pain in the os coccyx. Bed-sores in low fevers, that burn much. Upper Limbs.—Heaviness of the arms; numbness, coldness, and deadness of the fingers; the tips swell and burn much, with itching, hot palms. Lower Limbs.—Great weakness of the legs ; fevers. (Edematous swelling of lower limbs, with shooting pains. Cold, blue feet, in asthenic diseases. “Chilblains (the Acid in rum applied externally); swelling, redness, and burning of the tips of the toes.” —Hq. Tearing pains in all the limbs during rest, better from mo- tion; all the joints feel as if bruised.”—Hg. Great debility, eyes close; lower jaw hangs down; he slides down in bed; in asthenic fevers. Paralysis of one side; tongue and sphincter ani. 168 ACIDUM NITRICUM. Patient very sensitive to stormy, damp weather. Aggrayation.—Forenoon; open, cold air; stormy, damp, windy weather, and from exertion. Amelioration.—Warmth ; lying down, and evening. ACIDUM NITRICUM. Nitric Acid. Chemical preparation. One part of Acid to three of distilled water. Antidotes.—Alkalies, Magnesia, Sodium, Hep., Merc., Mez., Iod.. Sulph. Through the organic nervous system, Nitric acid has four special centers of action: I. Mucous Mempranes. Inflammation; Destructive Ulceration. I. GranpuLar System. Congestion; Inflam.; Fetid Discharges. HI. Skin. Pustular Ulceration; Fungoid Growths; Perspiration. IV. Buoov. Broken-down, Septic Condition. Mucous Membranes.—Most of the action of Nitric acid is spent upon the muco-cutaneous outlets of the body, where the mucous membranes are prominently exposed to the air (mouth and anus), producing inflammation and ulceration. “Its ptyalism and gingivitis suggest its Mercury-like affinity for the mouth, which is very strong; it antidotes its analogue here, and cures ulceration of the buccal mucous membrane. The same may be said of it as regards the throat. Then, leaping over the inter- mediate digestive tract, it exhibits a singular power over the rec- tum and anus. It has cured prolapsus, fistula, and even fissure. In the respiratory tract, it controls the ocular, nasal, and laryn- geal mucous membranes.”—R. Hughes, M. D. In a fatal case of poisoning lasting eight days, “the usual lesions were found in the mouth, fauces, esophagus, and stom- ach; but, although the small intestines were sound, the colon was intensely and deeply ulcerated. There had been complete suppression of urine. Medicinal doses produce a white coating on the tongue, and dryness of the mouth; after a few days the teeth begin to grow loose, and gums to bleed. At the same time ACIDUM NITRICUM. 169 the flow of urine increases. Its longer employment occasions dyspepsia, colic, foul breath, headache, feverishness, debility, and constipation or diarrheea.”—Stille. Dr. Ringer thinks that the alkaline bile and pancreatic juice neutralize the action of this Acid upon the small intestines ; but, by the time the large intestine is reached, the alkali is neutral- ized, and then the colon is most powerfully affected. The mucous membranes of the kidneys are also more or less acted upon by Nitric acid, as shown by the profuse, offensive ‘urine, or entire suppression. Lymphatic Glandular System.—It affects more especially the salivary glands and liver, exerting a specific action upon the salivary glands, producing ptyalism, or salivation; the teeth be- ome loose, and the gums bleed from the least touch, with great fetor of the breath. This fetid breath, we believe, is produced by its action upon the lymphatic glandular system; as the lym- phatics are found in the lungs, in immense quantities ; and, their secretions being degenerated, the breath, passing over these per- verted secretions, can not but become fetid. Liver.—This Acid has a prominent action upon the liver, producing great and long-lasting congestion, hypertrophy, and jaundice. Dr. Rutherford has proved it to be a powerful hepatic stimulant. Skin.—Pustular eruption, or rapid, destructive ulceration, tending to fungoid growths, condylomata, and sycosis. Its local effect upon the skin is very diffusive and powerful, penetrating readily and deeply beneath the surface, with a con- tinuous destructive action. This caustic power is often useful to the surgeon, in the removal of warts, condylomata, and phage- dena, especially syphilitic, ete. Blood.—The vitality of the blood is destroyed, and a septic state produced, with a general broken-down, cachectic condition. Therapeutic Individuality. Diseases depending upon the presence of syphilitic, scrofulous, or Mercurial poison. Syphilitic ulceration of mucous surfaces, with tendency to rapid destruction of tissue, irregular in shape, discharges very offensive. If in the nostrils, hard plugs form in the nares, hard to detach, and leaving a raw sore. 170 ACIDUM NITRICUM, Secondary affections of syphilis, in broken-down, cachectiv constitutions, accompanied with emaciation, debility, caries of bones; unhealthy ulcers upon the skin, hypertrophy of the liver, and great derangement of the nervous system, with hateful, vin- dictive people. “In syphilis, its particular sphere is the mucous patches, mu- cous tubercles, and general weakness of the constitution, denoting that the system has been poisoned by Mercury, or shattered by the disease itself.”"—Prof. Franklin. “Hasily bleeding ulcers, look like raw flesh, with zigzag edges, and exuberant granulations on the base.”—G. Herpes ; condylomata, tubercles, ulcers, and syphilitic erup- tions, with sore, prickling, itching pains, especially soft chancres. Syphilitic eruptions of the skin, in the advanced stage, with superficial ulcers, and pains in the bones. “Small syphilitic warts and condylomata, kept constantly moist with a wash of diluted Nitric acid, are removed certainly and painlessly. A drachm or two to a pint of water.”—Ringer. Excessive prostration, especially in old people, with diarrhea, and who sleep badly. “Affections occurring after typhoid fever, especially if treated with Calomel.”—F. Mind.—Sadness, despondency, and great fear of death, with a. sensation of extreme weakness, even to trembling. Irritable, peevish, vexed at trifles; inclined to weep; loss of memory. Congestion to the head, with morning vertigo ; must lie down.. “Vertigo not only when stooping, and compelling to lie down, but in the evening after lying down, and early mornings.”—D. “Often anxious about his own illness; constantly thinking about his past troubles; mind weakened and wanders.”—D. Sleep very restless; frightful dreams; nightmare. Head.—Headache aggravated by motion and succussion ; head feels full, or as if it were tightly bound up in a vise. Violent throbbing headache, coming on gradually toward morning, and going off after breakfast. “Externally the head is sensitive as if contused, either all over or in certain spots pressed upon by hat or when lying down.”—D. “Pain in skull, as if constricted by a tape, worse evening and at night ; better from cold air and when riding in a carriage.” —Hg. Hair falls off from congestion of blood to the scalp, from syphilis. ACIDUM NITRICUM. 17t Humid eruptions ; inflammatory swellings ; caries of the bones. Ears.—Otorrhcea ; discharges of very offensive pus; cracking in ears, when masticating ; Eustachian tubes obstructed; hard- ness of hearing, from abuse of Mercury; syphilis; caries of the mastoid process ; auditory canal closed. “Glandular swelling behind and below the ear, from which stitching pains extend into the ear; stitching pain in the internal ear and in the maxillary articulation.”—D. Eye.—Of great value in diseases of the eye, resulting from abuse of Mercury, and especially if from syphilis. Lids swollen, smart and burn much; conjunctiva inflamed; lachrymation, and agglutination of the lids; stitches in the eyes; condylomata that suppurate and bleed easily when touched. Gonorrhceal ophthal- mia; conjunctiva very hyperemic and chemosed; cornea dim; great photophobia; constant lachrymation and copious secretion of yellow pus, with excessive burning pains at night. (Locally and internally.) Syphilitic iritis, and opacities. “Eyelashes of right side all point stiffly toward the nose.” —G. Nose.—Syphilitic ozena, with discharge of offensive yellow mucus and pus; frequent epistaxis; dry coryza; throat dry. “Green casts every morning from the nares.”—Hg. Condylomata on and in nostrils, bleeding on slight touch. Swelling of the infra-maxillary glands ; face yellow, or pale. Mouth.—Margin of mouth covered with sores and blisters ; lips dry, swollen, cracked ; corners ulcerated. Cadaverous smell from mouth; saliva acrid, makes lips sore. Tongue red like a beet; ulceration of tongue; dry tongue; much fissured, so sensitive mildest food irritates; vesicles on tongue burn much. Salivation and spreading ulcers in the mouth and throat, with foul breath; from abuse of Mercury; especially in secondary syphilis. Swelling of the parotid and submaxillary glands, with loose teeth and bleeding gums, after abuse of Mercury. Mouth full of putrid ulcers; bloody saliva, or mouth dry, with extremely fetid breath; ulcerations of the tongue, ete. Sore throat extending up into the nose; discharges profuse, thin, purulent matter, with intermittent breathing. “Much nausea and gastric trouble, relieved by moving about, or riding in a carriage.”"—G. 172 ACIDUM NITRICUM. Constant nausea, with heat in the throat; violent thirst. “Fat food causes nausea and acidity.” —G. Digestion retarded; sour eructations of half-digested food; most symptoms occur after eating and at night; attended by much flatulence and copious perspiration. Liver.—Jaundice, with aching in region of liver. Zagli has re- ported over fifty cases of jaundice cured with this Acid. The liver is enlarged from malaria, syphilis, or cirrhosis, with long- lasting congestion ; ascites. Stool.—Diarrhea, stools green, curdled, and mixed with mu- -eus, accompanied by much straining, especially if chronic; tym- panitis. In chronic diarrhea, but few remedies can equal this. Borborygmus, as if a boiler was working within the bowels; ‘stools of mucus, or watery, with great prostration. “Diarrhea, great pain during and after stool, as though the anus was fissured.”—G. “Inclination to looseness of the bowels, with most violent cut- ting pain after stool, lasting for hours.” —G. Acute pain in the abdomen during stool, worse in the mornings. Stools bloody, brown, and slimy, with great exhaustion. “The patient is worse after twelve at night; violent cramp-like ‘pains as if abdomen would burst, with constant eructations.”—G. “Old hemorrhoidal tumors, secreting much slime, and bleed- profusely after stool.”—G. Fissures of the anus, with proctalgia; pain in the rectum, as if being torn, or spasmodic contractions of the anus many hours -after stool. Feeling as if sharp sticks were being pressed into the anus, on the slightest touch ; sticking pains are very characteristic. “Smarting more in the rectum than in the anus, immediately after stool, and continuing two or three hours ; sometimes prolap- sus ani or discharge of blood accompanies these symptoms.”—G. Prolapsus ani, with much pain and smarting in the rectum and anus. “Typhoid fever, with hemorrhages; great sensitiveness of the abdomen; green, slimy, acrid diarrhea, with tenesmus.”— Hughes. Hemorrhoids and condylomata. It is an excellent remedy in piles with constipation, and great sensitiveness of the anus. Urinary Organs.—Extremely offensive urine is its greatest key-note, and it is often filled with mucus, pus, and blood. ACIDUM NITRICUM. 178. “The urine has an intolerably strong smell, like that of horses.” —G. “Active hematuria; urging after micturition, with shuddering along the spine.”—G. (Urine often feels cold when being voided.] “Small blisters on the orifice of the urethra and inner surface of the prepuce, forming chancre-like ulcers.”—G. Incontinence of urine in old people broken down with syphilis. “Injections of Nitric acid, sufficiently diluted, have been em- ployed with success by some eminent surgeons, and found to be a complete solvent for phosphatic calculi.”—Ringer. Albuminuria, especially in those that have had syphilis and have taken much Mercury; it is accompanied by excessive pros- tration. In diabetes mellitus, it has often acted well. Sexual Organs, Male.—Loss of sexual desire; no erections. Increased sexual desire ; urethra inflamed ; painful to pressure ; discharges mucus, blood, and pus, with much itching of the prepuce. ° ‘ Balanitis and fig-warts after abuse of Mercury; gonorrhea, discharge of bloody mucus; painful urination, chronic form. Chancres after Mercury, especially with granulations, condy- lomata, deep ulcers, with ragged edges; bleed easily; secondary syphilis ; brown-red spots; peeling off on discharging. “Hard, brown nodules on scrotum; suppurating.”—Hyg. Falling-off of the hair from the genitals, after syphilis. Sexual Organs, Female.—Flesh-colored, brown or greenish leucorrhcea, with a feeling as if everything would press out of the vulva. “Profuse brown, offensive discharge, between the irregular: menstruations; cancer uteri; excrescences on cervix.” —Hg. Great itching of the vagina after coitus, stitches in the vagina. when walking; vulva swollen and burns much. “Menses too early, too profuse, and often irregular, with a feel- ing as if everything would press out of the vulva; pain in back, hips, and thighs.”—-G. Leucorrheea of stringy mucus, the inguinal glands are swol- len, where syphilis is at the base of it, with stitches in the vagina ; ulceration of the uterus. Uterine hemorrhage from over-exertion; or uterine excres- cences. Metrorrhagia after abortion or confinement. Mamme.—Atrophy of mamma, with hard nodes. 174 ACIDUM NITRICUM. Respiratory Organs.—Chronic dry laryngeal cough, with a stinging sensation, as if small ulcers were in the larynx. Dry, violent cough, with great debility; the patient sad and gloomy , Whooping-cough, where it is dry and violent; will shorten many cases. ; Cough, with general physical depression, loss of flesh ; sleep- lessness; fever; thirst; night sweats; dry paroxysmal retching, or emphysema, with muco-purulent expectoration. Excessively hard, dry, racking cough, with complete ptosis of both eyes, resulting from the hard coughing. Congestion of the chest, with heat, anxiety, and palpitation of the heart. _ Neek and Back.—The cervical and axillary glands swollen. Neck stiff and sore from the least cold; stitches between the shoulders ; neuralgia of the back, syphilitic rheumatism Upper Limbs.—Aching and sticking pains; syphilitic rheu- matism of the arms and fingers; joints much swollen. Warts on hands; herpes between fingers; fingers feel numb. Lower Limbs.—Often has cramps in the calves and soles of the feet at night. “Tearing pains in the limbs at night; so weak obliged to lie down; pains come suddenly and leave suddenly.” —Hah. Sticking pains as from splinters, especially on touch. “Offensive, profuse perspiration on feet, causing soreness, with sticking pains as if from walking on pins.”—Hah. Chilblains. (Locally and internally.) Syphilitic nodes upon shin bones, with severe nightly pains. Skin.—All kinds of syphilitic eruptions; skin generally un- healthy ; tendency to ulceration; pains sticking like pins. Foul-smelling perspiration of the feet, in weak, cachectic con- stitutions, the blood greatly impoverished; skin dry and scaly; syphilitic eruptions upon the skin; dark, dirty skin. Post-scar- latinal dropsy, with fetid breath; fetid discharges from the ears; fetid urine, and putrid condition of the whole body. Colliqua- tive night sweats, with much emaciation. Caries of the bones, sloughing, phagedeena, and gangrene. Fever.—Intermittent fever. In India, eighty cases were cured out of ninety treated, seventy-five quotidian and fifteen _tertian type. In sixty-three cases in this country, there was a like ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 175 degree of success. Dose, ten drops, properly diluted, three times aday. Acts better in long-lasting chronic cases, where the liver is.involved and the patient’s blood is anzmic, with a general cachectic condition. It is also useful in typhoid and remittent fevers. There is much chilliness and long-lasting fever, and copious sweats. People that are lean, with black hair and complexion, and take cold easily. Aggravation.—Evenings and latter part of night; warm room. Amelioration.—While riding in a carriage; and cold weather. ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. Phosphoric Acid. Chemical preparation. Aqneous solution. Antidotes.—Alkalies, Ferrum, Nux vom., Coffea, Camphor, China. Through the organic nervous system, Phosphoric acid has five special centers of action: I. Ceresro-Sprnat System. Prostration, from Loss of Nutrition. II. Digestive Oreans. Atony of the whole Apparatus. III. Buoop. Anemia. Passive Hemorrhages. IV. Skin. Condylomata. Septic Ulceration. V. Bones. Rachitis and Caries. Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.—From lack of nutrition, this Acid produces complete prostration of all the nerves of animal life, especially those of the sexual organs of man. It has no rela- tion to the inflammatory states; but simple debility and relaxa- tion, even to impotence, with feeble emissions, and dragging pains "in the testicles. Digestive Organs.—Phosphoric acid produces a general atonic condition of the gastro-intestinal canal; the gastric glands secrete an excess of acid, manifested by acid eructations, pyrosis, 176 ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. heartburn, and excessive flatulence. This excess of acid in the bowels produces colliquative diarrhoea. On the liver, it produces portal congestion, and upon the kidneys we have renal congestion, profuse urination, and all the symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Saccharine urine is a marked symptom of Phosphoric acid; and it. has made many cures of glycosuria. Blood.—The blood becomes dark colored, unoxygenated, with passive hemorrhages. Skin.—Condylomata; ulcers like carbuncles; dry herpes, and copper-colored skin. Bones.—Phosphoric acid produces rachitis; caries, but not. necrosis ; periosteal inflammation, with tearing pains. Therapeutic Individuality. The great sphere for Phosphoric acid is in debility of the nerves of animal life, from seminal loss, profuse perspiration, leucorrhcea, or excessive grief. “Suited to individuals of originally strong senstifulions) but. who have become weakened by losses of animal fluids, by excesses, violent acute diseases, chagrin, or a long succession of moral emotions.” — Teste. “The chief sphere of this Acid is the nervous system, when in a state of debility without erethism. When we find the brain or cord, sight or hearing, thus affected, as from continued grief, over-exertion, sexual excesses, or drain on the system, or remain- ing after typhus or typhoids, this Acid is an invaluable remedy, well deserving the name of tonic. It is to nervous debility what. Iron is to anemia; and its main and chief curative sphere is in the renal and male sexual organs.” —Hughes. “Weakness in the spine and spinal nerves, giving rise to great. fatigue on exertion, and frequent inclination to urinate, especially in the morning.”—Dr. Bayes. Very weak, listless, indifferent, apathetic ; atonic debility, com- plete indifference to everything. Cold, clammy sweats, or profuse night sweats. Chronic congestion to the head, with pain in the nape of the: neck and occiput, from excessive grief. + “Is very weak, and indifferent to the affairs of life.”—G. This listless, apathetic, and remarkable indifference to every- thing in life, especially if there is emaciation and debility, is a. ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. : 107 marked key for the use of this Acid. Chronic effects of grief, chagrin, care, and disappointed love. Cerebral weakness from brain fag; hypochondria, from sexual abuse. “Dreadful pain on the top of the head, as though the brain were crushed, after long-continued grief.”—G. _ “Hysterical affections of young women, with irritable fiber, accompanied with extreme delicacy and sponginess of the organic tissue; vascular orgasm, or atonic debility.”—G. Mouth.—“Gluey matter on the tongue, in choleraic dis- eases.” —G. Tongue pale and flabby. Bread tastes bitter; red streak in middle of tongue; bites sides of the tongue involuntarily. “Mercurial syphilitic ulceration of the lips, gums, and soft palate, with swelling of the bones; condylomata.”—Hempel. Stomach.— Nausea as if in the soft palate; unquenchable thirst. Sensation as if the stomach were being balanced up and down; acid eructations ; loss of appetite; longs for juicy food. “Clammy, sticky tongue; abdomen much bloated; great rum- bling in the bowels, and painless, watery diarrhcea; cholera epi- demics.”—Raue. Meteoristic distention of the abdomen. Stools.—‘“Often specific in the diarrhcea which precedes chol- era.”"—F, “Copious, watery diarrhea, with rumbling in bowels.”—Raue. “Stools yellowish, and very offensive; the child is very list- less ; wants nothing and cares for nothing.”—G. “The diarrhea, although of long continuance, does not seem to debilitate much ; the mother wonders that the child remains so strong with it all.”—G. Diarrhea ; stools undigested and painless. For white, watery diarrhoea, without pain, this is one of the most useful remedies we have. Urinary Organs.—‘“Urine like milk, mixed with jelly-like blood pieces, with pain in the kidneys.” —Hempel. “She must rise often at night in order to void large quantities of colorless urine.”—G. [Diabetes.] “Phosphatic deposits, when these depend upon excess of Phos- phoric acid, from waste of nervous tissue, or upon alkalinity of the urine, from nervous dyspepsia.” —Hughes. 178 ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. In diabetes of nervous origin, not only in the insipid form, but in chronic diseases, this Acid has made many cures ; and itis in this disease Phosphoric acid has won its greatest laurels. Albuminuria is well covered by Phosphoric acid; and it has done good work in this disease. Sexual Organs, Male.—Bad effects from onanism and sex- ual excesses; great despondency ; great debility ; loss of memory ; and copious, clammy night sweats. “Impotency, especially when the sensibility of the part is excessive, and the semen is discharged shortly after an erection, or before an erection.” —Lippe. ; In spermatorrhea this is probably the most useful remedy in the Materia Medica. “It is probably through the nervous centers that it effects the male sexual organs, on which its influence is very powerful.”—Hughes. Sexual Organs, Female.—“Too early and too long menstru- ation, with pain in the liver; has to rise frequently at night to void large quantities of urine.” —G. “Pain universally in the liver, during menstruation.”—G. “Profuse leucorrheea, especially after the menses, with much itching.” —G. : “Uterine ulcer; has a copious, putrid, bloody discharge, with much itching.” —G, “Meteoristic distention of the uterus.,"—G. [Very irritable uterus. | “Metritis; great debility; indifferent, and slow fever.”—G. “Scanty milk; debility and great apathy.”—G. Generalities.—In diseases of the bones, caries and rachitis, is has often cured. In purpura and passive hemorrhages, it has made brilliant cures. In low nervous fevers (milder forms), this Acid has been of service. Intermittents, with ereat apathy and nigh’ sweats. Aggrayation.—from loss of animal fluids; mental work; at rest; at night; warm food, and cold, dry weather. Amelioration.—Motion, warmth, and wet weather. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 179 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. Salicylic Acid. Chemical preparation. Trituration. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Salicylic acid has six special centers of action : I. CereBro-SpinaL System. Motor Paralysis; Anesthesia, Ii. Mucous Memss. Catarrhal and Pustular Inflammation. ill. Ur. Orcayxs. Albuminuria, Hematuria, Diabetes, Diuresis. IV. Circ’y. Vaso-Motor Spasm; Heart Weakened; Temp. Reduced. V. Eyzs. Mydriasis, Amaurosis, Rheumatic Plastic Iritis. VI. Ears. Complete Deafness from Auditory Nerve Paralysis. Brain and Spinal Cord.—The cerebro-spinal system is the grand center for the action of Salicylic acid, especially affecting the cerebellum, auditory nerve, and pneumogastric. In full doses, fifteen to fifty grains, Dr. Ringer says, the aspect of the patient is characteristic, being in many respects similar to that of a person suffering from Cinchonism. The expression is dull and heavy; the face quickly flushes on slight excitement; and the eyes become suffused. The flush, of a dusky hue, suffuses itself uniformly over the whole face. The patient is made more or less deaf, and often complains of noise in the ears; there is frontal headache; the hands when held out, tremble a little; and the breathing is quickened and deepened. In some cases, one symp- tom may predominate. Thus, deafness may be almost complete, without headache or muscular trembling; but it rarely, if ever, happens that any one symptom is unaccompanied with the dull, heavy aspect and the readiness to flush. Under toxic, but not dangerous doses, the headache is often very severe, so that the patient buries his head in the pillow. There may be very marked muscular weakness and tremor, asso- ciated with great muscular irritability, so that a slight tap, say on the shoulder, causes muscular contractions so strong as to jerk the arm backward. There are often slight spasmodic twitchings when a limb is raised. There is tingling of the extremities, or other 180 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. parts of the body. The voice may become thick and husky; the respiration hurried, sometimes deepened, sometimes sighing, shallow and almost panting, as though performed laboriously ; but the patient does not complain of any difficulty in breath- ing. The costal, as well as the diaphragmatic, muscles are involved. In poisoning, Dr. Wood says: “There are ptosis, deafness, strabismus, mydriasis, and disturbance of respiration, excessive restlessness, passing into delirium, a slow, laboring pulse, olive-green urine, and involuntary stools.” In some cases, the temperature has remained about normal, but in others has approached that of collapse. The quickened, deepened, sighing respiration is characteristic. Sweating is very free, and tho urine easily becomes albuminous. This Acid is a powerful antaphrodisiac. Serious depression of sexual power has been caused in several cases where it has been given for rheumatism. Eyes.—It has produced complete amaurosis. The pupils were widely dilated, and the sclerotica and cornea on each side highly sensitive. This lasted ten hours, but left no permanent im- pairment of sight. Auditory Nerve.—The action upon this nerve is specific and most profound, as shown by the numerous sounds in the ears‘and complete deafness. In toxic doses, complete deafness has been produced that lasted seven days at a time. Dr. D. Brown has cured several cases of auditory nerve vertigo with the 3d decimal. Spine.—Its action upon the spinal nerves, especially the mo- tor, is very marked; it also acts upon the nerves of sensation, as shown by the tingling, like pins and needles, in various parts of the body, especially in the legs and ankles, with cutaneous anes- thesia ; butits action on the anterior part of the cord, and, through © this, on the muscular system, is profound, as shown by muscular weakness, with twitching and trembling of the arms and legs. The great muscular irritability soon passes into complete paralysis for a short time; and in animals violent convulsions have often been produced. Pneumogastric Nerve.—This Acid acts prominently upon the vagi, and through them upon the lungs and stomach, as shown by the deepened, sighing, panting, laborious breathing. In animals, the dyspnoea is most violent, followed by general convulsions. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 181 Stomach.—Upon the stomach, its action is not so powerful; but large doses produce much irritation of the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, with nausea and vomiting. In a dog, it produced catarrh with sanguineous effusion, and ulceration of the stomach; and twelve grammes produced ulcera- tion of the stomach in two patients. Stool.—It produces very rarely diarrhcea ; but, in toxic doses, it does produce involuntary stools. Heart.—In its action upon the circulation, Danewsky found, that the arterial pressure was at first increased, partly on account of an increase in the force and energy of the cardiac beat, but chiefly as the result of excitation of the vaso-motor center. Vaso-motor spasm was shown to be the main factor in the rise of the blood-pressure, by the inability of the drug to increase the arterial pressure after section of the cord. The action of the heart was seemingly direct. The arterial pressure slowly fell during the latter stages of poisoning, the heart-stroke becoming weaker and weaker, and finally being extinguished. Large doses quicken the pulse to 140 per minute, and it becomes excessively weak. .Temperature.—Especial pains have been taken by the old school, to find out what effect this Acid has upon the tempera- ture; and the conclusion arrived at by all, is that Salicine and Salicylic acid depress the normal temperature but slightly, and in some the temperature rises fully one degree. But the influence exerted on the febrile temperature, reducing it to the normal standard, is most prompt and marked. Dr. Ringer says: “There is no better attested fact than the power of Salicylic acid and Sal- icylate of Soda to promptly and considerably reduce an elevated temperature.” Dr. Ringer has made some experiments with Mr. Morehead to ascertain the relative power of Quinia, Salicylic acid and Sal- icine on the febrile temperature, and found, that, dose for dose, Quinia is far more potent than Salicylic acid, and Salicylic acid than Salicine. Dr. Riess has investigated the action of the Salicylates on the healthy temperature in twenty-three experiments on seven healthy persons, and obtained, in from four to six hours, a constant re- duction of about 1° F. He finds that the same dose produces a greater fall in the febrile than the healthy temperature. 182 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. “The first effect of a single antipyretic dose in fever is usually a profuse sweat, which may appear in fifteen minutes after the ingestion of the remedy. Very shortly after this, the temperature. begins to fail; and, according to Justi, the depression reaches its “maximum in about six hours. The sweating is profuse and ex- hausting, amounting, according to Ewald, not rarely to seven hun- dred and fifty grammes. The perspiration can scarcely be the only factor in the reduction of temperature, as there appears to be no relation between its amount and the degree of the fall, and it usually ceases before the latter reaches its maximum. The fall of the temperature lessens the pulse-rate and cardiac beat.”— Wood. Kidneys.—Salicylic acid escapes from the body chiefly through the kidneys. “It appears in the urine very soon after its inges- tion, but its elimination proceeds slowly. Thus, in a case of exstro-: phy of the bladder, it was detected in the urine dripping from the ureters eight and a half minutes after its ingestion ; and it has been found in the urine eight days after the exhibition of the last dose. The green color of the urine, characteristic of the free use of Sali- cylic acid, appears to be due to an increase in the formation of in- dican (S. Woolfberg), or else to pyrocatechine. The urine itself is often augmented in quantity, but frequently diminished. It not rarely contains albumen, evidently the product of a lodal irritation (congestion) of the kidneys. A case has been reported where the irritation was so great as to cause hematuria.”—JWood. Dr. Weber has seen the Acid cause acute nephritis with bloody albuminous urine containing casts, this effect following three. moderate doses and lasting sixty hours after the last dose. Other observers refer to similar effects with this Acid, in some cases the urine being almost suppressed. It also produces involuntary evacuation of the urine from paralysis of the sphincter vesice. It is ordinarily diuretic, the quantity of urine reaching 2,400 to 2,500 grammes. But this isnot constant. According to Gubler, the | Acid would diminish the excretion where there is an inflammatory condition of the kidney, but would augment it when the kidney is. healthy. Therapeutic Individuality. Rheumatism.—Salicylic acid, and especially Salicylate of Soda, has the unanimous verdict of the Allopathic profession, as being an absolute specific for rheumatic fever, as far as a rem- ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 183 edy can be a specific for any one disease. It will prove as success- ful for rheumatic fever as Quinine does for intermittent fever ; that is, it will not cure all cases, but will a large majority. Dr: Maclagan, of Dundee, has the honor of first using this Acid and Salicine in rheumatism, and giving it to the profession. His name will be numbered among the angels, for the great blessings conferred upon mankind by his work. Dr. C. W. Brown, late house physician at the Boston City Hospital, has given us a most valuable and extensive investiga- tion into the action of Salicylic acid on rheumatic fever. He records 160 cases, taken indifferently, the patients being of both sexes, and of all ages between eleven and sixty-one. “The drug gave considerable relief from pain, on an average in 1.46 days, and complete relief in 2.8 days. The average time of treatment was six days, and the average number of days in the hospital was eighteen. Two cases died; one from pericarditis, and one from cerebral complications. Highteen cases had a relapse, three had two, and one had five, while in the hospital. There were very few cases in which there were not occasional pains for a time after the omission of the Acid. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 18.8 per cent, burning in the stomach in one case, headache in six, singing in the ears in nineteen, and deafness in ten; numbness and prickling of the affected parts in three; delirium in three. “The patients, as a rule, took ten grains of the Acid hourly for twelve or thirty-six hours, when the symptoms were wholly or partly relieved ; and then it was omitted or given every two or three hours.” —Ringer. Dr. Gillespie, of Sterling, Ill., has collated and given us a val- uable resume of rheumatism treated with this Acid and the Soda, in the Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner, August, 1878: Number of patients, 200; average time sick, in days, 18.5; average time pain relieved, in days, 2.8; average time taken to reduce temperature, in hours, 30. Dr. Jacob gives, as a result of its use in 150 cases of acute rheumatism, the recovery of 103 within: three days. And Dr. Broadbent says: “I have yet to see a case of genuine rheumatism without complication, in which the pain is not entirely gone and the temperature normal after six consecutive doses of twenty grains, at intervals of two hours, on two successive days.” {mn one hundred and eighty-one cases of rheumatism collected sy military authorities, and treated with Salicylic acid, the remedy failed in but seven cases. As to the dose, Dr. Ringer gives ten 184 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. erains hourly until the temperature is reduced. Some patients require more ; and, if in twenty-four hours this dose has not modi- tied the disease, or produced its characteristic symptoms, mcrease it to fifteen or twenty grains hourly. M. See, of Paris, believes one drachm and a half to two and a half should be taken daily of the Salicylate of Soda, which would equal one to one and a half drachms of the Acid. Dr. Maclagan insists on saturating the system with twenty or thirty grains every two hours for twenty-four to forty-eight hours. My friend Dr. J. B. Talcott, of Chicago, has given the Salicy- late of Soda, ten grains every four hours, in seventeen cases of acute rheumatism, with complete success, and believes this Acid - is a true specific for rheumatism. Dr. A. E. Small has used from the first to the third decimal trituration of this Acid in rheumatism with satisfactory results. Dr. E. M. Hale has used the first three triturations in rheu- matism, in some cases successfully, but has centered on five-grain doses once in two hours, as the true dose in this disease, and be- lieves, to get satisfactory results in rheumatism, the dose has to be large, just short of the toxic action of the remedy. Dr. L. C. Grosvenor has had fine results both from the dilu- tions and crude drug, and says that Dr. W. Danforth thinks highly of it in rheumatism. Mrs. Dr. J. N. Wilkins has had fine results with this drug in both acute and chronic rheumatism. As to myself , I have only used it in from two to ten grain doses once in three hours, with complete satisfaction, but would strongly urge the profession to give the dilutions a thorough test ; and, if they fail, Dr. Hale’s or Ringer’s method would be the one I would suggest to follow. When it irritates the stomach, which, in large doses, it is very apt to do,it should be given in glycerine or tincture of orange-peel, cardamom, or ginger, or two drops of chloroform may be added to each dose. I usually give it in tea. The only objection that can be raised against the use of this remedy in rheumatism, is the large dose ; but, if it fails in small doses in this disease, why ob- ject to the dose that cures? The curative dose is just short of the toxic, and that, Dr. Hale says, is five grains once in two hours. Let one of us become afflicted with this painful malady, and our Aconite, Bryonia, and Rhus tox. leave us in the agonies of the lost, the big doses will fade into insignificance, when we know with positive certainty, that, by the use of this remedy, we will be re- lieved of all pain in tro days, and lifted as it were from hell to ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 185 Heaven. ‘ The general testimony tends to show that it is most useful in acute rheumatism; but it has given Dr. Jaccond good satisfaction in chronic cases. He also states that, in acute gout, it acts with extraordinary effect. Dr. H. Weber has had most happy results from this Acid in gonorrheal rheumatism. I have used it in one case of diphther- itic rheumatism, with salutary results. A. Diersterweig reports one hundred cases of acute rheuma- tism treated with thisremedy. Of these, the disease was cut short in thirty-six in twenty-four hours, in eighty-five in forty-eight hours, in ninety-eight in seventy-two hours, in one in eighty-four hours, and one, a girl, aged 20, was unintluenced. The amount of medicine taken was, in forty-six cases, 5 to 15 grammes (77 to 281 grains) ; in forty-one cases, 20 to 28 grammes (308 to 432 grains) ; and, in twelve cases, 30 to 40 grammes (463 to 616 grains). In three of the cases cut short (all females), suppurative arthritis followed in the ankle, which was cured by incision and drainage. Re- lapses occurred during the use of the medicine in eleven cases, four in the first week and four in the second. Cardiac complica- tions occurred only five times (and of these three had had heart disease before) in one hundred cases and twenty relapses. Pleu- ritis occurred three times. In one of these cases, the patient had pericarditis on admission to the hospital. Beyond this, the course of the complications under treatment by Salicylic acid was favorable. “Tt acts well in simple chronic rheumatism ; even in arthritis nodosa, the painful paroxysm passes off quickly, the articular swellings decrease, and motility becomes more free, though the disease may have lasted for years; but the affection of the bone must not have progressed too far. “Tt is the remedy for acute and chronic arthritis. It arrests promptly the painful acute attacks and articular fluxion ; the red- ness of the skin and the sensitiveness to touch disappears. Con- tinued treatment with moderate doses prevents new attacks in chronic arthritis, the tophi decrease and cease to be inflamed: and even a case may be possible without the least danger of metastasis to the heart, lungs, brain or stomach. The usual arthritic sediments in the urine also disappear.”—Prof. See. Digestive Organs.—In dyspepsia, this remedy has but few equals. Where there is excessive accumulation of flatulence, and acidity of the stomach, with much belching of gas from the stom- ach, anemia, and great irritability with despondency, I have used 186 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. the Ist decimal with great satisfaction. In fact, we have no remedy equal to this in bad cases of this disease ; and its homeo- pathicity is most beautifully shown by the congestion, inflamma- tion, and ulceration of the mucous membrane of the stomach. Dr, A. E. Small has found the remedy in the first trituration of great benefit in dyspepsia of a stubborn character. Dr. L. C. Grosve- nor has had marked curative results with this Acid in dys- pepsia, with putrid eructations and much accumulation of gas in the stomach. Dr. E. M. Hale has had fine results with this remedy in flatulent dyspepsia. From the specific and powerful action the Salicylates have upon the pneumogastric nerve, they must become the leading remedies for flatulent dyspepsia. In the preservation of urine, Meyer and Kalb found that one. part of the Acid to two thousand of urine, was sufficient to pre- vent putrefaction, and that 0.4 per cent would prevent milk from souring. Would not a little of this Acid be of service in cases of cholera infantum, where the milk produces acid diarrhea, and the whole child smells sour, showing that the intercellular fluid is ex- cessively acrid? I have given it in one case, with high fever; - pulse 140; stools every half-hour, excessively green and sour. In twelve hours it controlled the fever and green stools, but. did not check entirely the diarrhea. I believe that “acid chil- dren, with green stools” will prove to be a key-note for the use of this remedy. I have noticed that these children are very irritable, and prone to derangement of the stomach, from irritation of the pneumogastric at its origin. Knowing the specific and powerful action this Acid has upon this nerve and the base of the brain, we are justified in believing that the Salicylates will do much for acid children, with fermentive dyspepsia, and acid diarrhea. Dr. E. M. Hale has utilized this Acid with complete success, to prevent milk from souring, where mothers, traveling in hot. weather on the cars, fed their children on artificial food. Two grains of this Acid, dissolved in a quart of milk, kept the milk perfect, and caused no medicinal symptoms. Dr. Hale has given this Acid with gratifying results in cholera. infantum and diarrhea of children, with putrid eructations, and putrid-smelling diarrhea. Tenia.—“As all treatment for removal of tenia often fails, Marynowski tried, in a case where tenia solium had existed for nine years, four doses of 0.5 Acid Salicylicum, a dose every . hour, followed by half an ounce of Oleum ricini. Half an hour afterward, a tenia ten yards long, with the head entire, was dis- charged per anum, without pain.”—North American Journal. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 187 Fever.—This Acid has been used in typhoid fever, intermit-. ‘ent fever, scarlatina, and zymotic diseases; by some physicians. with good results, but the majority pronounce against the remedy.. Much has yet to be learned about it. Diphtheria.—It has given fine results in this disease. Dr. Oehme, in North American Journal, gives the results in fifty-six cases of diphtheria treated with Salicylic acid, with the following symptoms: Violent fever; the entire fauces covered with a white exudate. In two cases, hoarseness and barking cough (affection of the larynx) were present. In some, a gargle was given, while. in others it was not. The average dose was one-sixth of a grain, hourly, and the average duration of the disease from two to five: days. A few severe cases lasted eight days. No sequel fol- lowed. Dr. Mary J. Safford Blake has given from the third to the fifteenth dilution, in diphtheria, with prompt results. Urinary Organs.—Drs. Ebstein and Mueller report two cases. of diabetes mellitus cured by Salicylate of Soda, after a protracted trial of various drugs, notably Carbolic acid. Ryba and Plumext have reached the following conclusion: 1. A daily amount of two drachms of Salicylate of Soda determines a decided diminution in amount of sugar excreted. 2. The best results are to be derived in recent cases, and where the hydrocarbonaceous elements of the diet are restricted. 8. The polyuria usually yields con- sentaneously with the glycosuria, and the bodily weight in-. creases. Albuminuria.—I would suggest this Acid to be given a fair trial, when the patient has a rheumatic diathesis. It certainly causes albuminuria very promptly, and must become one of the leading remedies for this disease. Chronic Catarrh of the Bladder.—Where there is an enormous amount of mucus voided, this Acid ought to be of great value as an antiseptic, it is eliminated by the kidneys so rapidly, and its power of preventing putrefaction being three times greater than that of Carbolic acid; consequently it is well worth a trial. Since writing the above, I found a remarkable cure of catarrh of the bladder in five days, by Dr. E. M. Hale, with this Acid dissolved in glycerine and warm water, and used as an injection into the bladder, once in six hours. The urine was very offensive, largely composed of mucus, and the microscope revealed pus, blood, and an abundance of mucous epithelium. Serous Membranes.—As Salicylic acid has a specific action upon serous membranes, and all serous membranes, when in- 188 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. flamed, tend to effusion into the serous cavities, I would suggest a trial of this remedy in hydropericardium, hydrocephalus, and renal dropsy. When we take into consideration that most exam- ples of serous inflammation are believed to be of a rheumatic character, and that this remedy has a wonderful control over rheumatism, we hope for great results from the Salicylate in ’ dropsical effusions. Eyes.—Dr. F. Park Lewis gives us an account in the Medical Advance, of a case of plastic iritis following inflammatory rheu- matism. The pupil would contract, notwithstanding the local use of a one-per-cent solution of Atrop. sulph. The nightly pain was most agonizing, relieved temporarily by hot applications. Material doses of Salicylate of Soda made a speedy cure. Sexual Organs, Female.—In puerperal endometritis and septicemia, this Acid rapidly reduces the temperature, and re- lieves the cerebral symptoms quicker than any known remedy. For foul breath and offensive expectoration, Dr. Da Costa gives it in five-grain doses, with prompt effect. Climacteric.—The readiness to flush caused by this Acid, would suggest its use in the hot flushes at the critical age. In one case, a large leuco-phlegmatic lady, aged forty-five, the leading and prominent symptom was constant dull, heavy pain in the cerebellum; great forgetfulness, excessive irritability, and frequent hot flushes of fever. Two-grain doses of the first dilu- tion, once in three hours, arrested the whole trouble at once. Antiseptic Uses.—The inhibitory action on putrefaction of this Acid being, it is said, three times greater than that of Carbolie acid, ought to give it a high place in antiseptic surgery. Bu- cholly found that 0.15 per cent of the Acid is sufficient to prevent the development of bacteria, and 0.4 per cent killed bacteria in vigorous growth. Salicylic acid sprinkled on indolent or in- flamed ulcers is said to induce rapid healing. Copious, foul-smelling foot-sweats. The powder is put into the stockings. One part of the Acid to 200 of water, used for washing the walls of damp houses, effectually destroys the fungus and pre- vents its re-appearance. Cotton saturated with a hot solution of from three to ten per cent of this Acid and then dried makes an excellent surgical dressing. ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 189. In spasmodic, flatulent asthma, and fetid bronchitis, and gan- grene of the lungs, this Acid is of great value. Dry cough, of a hard, racking, spasmodic character, aggra- vated at night, in old people. For purulent, fetid otorrhea, it is very valuable used locally; and it ought to be of great value in nervous deafness. Purpura hemorrhagica, with hemorrhages from all the mu- cous membranes, accompanied with a constant dull aching dis- tress in the stomach and occasional vomiting of blood and mucus; relieved in one night. ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Sulphuric Acid. Chemica] preparation. Aqueous solution. Antidotes.—Alkalies in milk, or soapsuds, Puls., Merc., Hydrast. Through the organic nervous system, Sulphuric acid has three spe- cial centers of action: I. Mvcous Mempranes. Destructive Inflammation. Il. Skin. Hechymosis and Colliquative Sweats. III. Guanps. (Sarivary.) Insalivation, (Lympaatic.) Atony. Mucous Membranes, and Other Tissues.—Sulphuric acid acts especially upon the mucous tissues, particularly those of the alimentary canal and the respiratory organs. As a corrosive irritant, the action of this Acid, when applied boiling to the living tissues, is to destroy them like red-hot iron, from its escharotic action; but, when sufficiently diluted, its action is tonic; astringent; strengthens the appetite; quenches the thirst, and acidifies, to a greater or less extent, the secretions and excretions. By habitual use, this Acid becomes very injurious to the teeth ; ~ even when greatly diluted, it whitens and corrodes them. Sooner or later it enfeebles digestion ; produces colicky pains ; diarrhoea ; impairs nutrition, producing marasmus and death. Skin.—Here this Acid produces ecchymosis, urticaria, formi- cation, frequent hot flashes, and colliquative sweats. 190 ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Lymphatic Glandular System.—This Acid produces a gen- eral atonic condition of the lymphatics, and, by its action on the ‘salivary glands, causes salivation. Therapeutic Individuality. “Great debility ; debility, with sensation of tremor all over the ‘body, without trembling.” —G. Profuse night sweats, with great debility. “Pressing pains in different parts of the body, increasing slowly and suddenly disappearing.”—Hg. “When some deep-seated dyscrasia prevails, the child weak and exhausted, with no other symptoms.”—G. Digestive Organs.—“Aphthe ; the mouth appears very pain- ‘ful, and the child is very weak.”—G. “Coldness of the stomach, with relaxed feeling; loss of appe- tite, and great debility.” —Hg. Gastralgia ; pains contractive and violent; or of a dull, heavy, aching character, with pyrosis and much flatulence. Acidity of the stomach; watery diarrhoea, with sensation of tremor all over the body, without trembling, and great debility. Stomach rejects cold water, unless it is mixed with wine. Valuable in lead colic, as an antidote. “Constipation ; stools in small black lumps, mixed with blood, accompanied with violent prickings in the anus, so that she has to rise up on account of the pain, with a trembling sensation all - -over the body.”—G. Sexual Organs, Female.—‘“She always gets a distressing nightmare before menstruation.”—G. “Menses too early, too profuse ; metrorrhagia ; always preceded by a distressing nightmare; much debility, and a trembling sen- ‘sation all over the body, without trembling.” —G. “Leucorrhea of bloody mucus, with sensation as if menses would appear.”—G. Climacteric age, with constant hot flashes, and a feeling of tremor all over the body, with great cebility, and as if everything must be done in a hurry. : Skin. —“Distressing itching, tirgling, and formication of the skin, in lichen, prurigo, and urticaria.”—Pereira. Secondary syphilis, aphthe, macula, etc. Hemorrhages from all the outlets of the body. eega BAPTISIA. 191 Chronic headaches, leucophlegmatic people, with relaxed muscles, and general debility. Aggravation.—In open, cold air, afternoons and evenings. Amelioration.—Open, warm air, and from vomiting. BAPTISIA. Wild Indigo. Habitat: America, etc. Fresh root, with its bark, Class IIT. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Baptisia has four special centers of action: I. Buoov. Septic; Typhoid Condition. I. Mucous Memsranes. Catarrhal Inflammation; Ulceration. TII. Lympnatic System. Secretions Putrid. IV. Ceresro-Spinau System. Motor and Sensory Paralysis. Vascular System.—The blood rapidly tends to disorganiza- tion; the excretions become offensive; the pulse soft, full, and quickened ; headache; delirium; a tendency to general paralysis, and profound debility; all indicate a typhoid condition, where this remedy has no rival. Mucous Membranes.—Especialiy of the buccal cavity, and lower portion of the intestinal canal. It produces fetid breath, catarrhal inflammation and ulceration, with watery, putrid, san- ious discharges, as found in diarrhea, dysentery, and especially typhoid fever, with ulceration of Peyer’s follicles. Lymphaties.—The lymphatic glandular system is especially vitiated by Baptisia, as shown in all the secretions being so offen- sive; the whole body gives out a putrid odor. Cerebro-Spinal System.—Baptisia produces profound pros- tration of the animal nervous system, probably through its toxe- -mic action upon the blood. The cerebro-spinal nervous system is affected similarly as in all septic fevers. In my proving of the remedy, I was greatly prostrated from its action. 192 BAPTISIA. Therapeutic Individuality. This is the king of all remedies for enteric or typhoid fever. No remedy can supplant it in the first stages. All adynamic septic diseases, with great depression of the cerebro-spinal nervous system, and a showing of putrescence, with tendency to softening and breaking-down of tissue, with low fever. Septic diseases, with a sore, bruised feeling of all the muscles of the body, and profound debility. Low, muttering delirium; the head seems scattered ; he must. toss about to get the pieces together; with besotted look. “Typhoid diseases, with stupor, delirium, face dark red; be- sotted expression; eyes injected; tongue coated, brown, dry, particularly in the center; very offensive breath; sordes on the teeth; diarrhea, with great fetor of the stools and urine.”—A. HE. Small, AL. D. Stupor and delirium at night, with wandering of the mind whenever the eyes are closed, in low toxemic fevers. Dull, stupefying headache, with confusion of ideas. While answering a question, falls into a deep sleep in the middle of a sentence, in low septic fevers. Excitement of the brain, especially at night, with febricula. Teeth covered with sordes, mouth full of ulcers, aphthe. Soreness of the eyeballs; they feel as if they would be pressed into the head, with confusion of sight. Digestive Organs.—Tongue dry, and red as if burned. Tongue dry, dark red, shining, cracked, ulcerated, or dry, with a brown streak down the center; edges clean and red. “Pasty tongue, heavily furred.”—Hale. “Putrid, offensive breath.” —Hale. “Putrid ulceration of the buccal mucous membrane, with sali- vation.” —Hale. Diphtheria, dark-red color of the fauces, which are greatly inflamed; dark wash-leather false membrane covering the tonsils and fauces; tonsils and parotid glands enlarged; breath ex- cessively fetid; head, back, and limbs ache as if pounded, with restlessness and low, adynamic fever. No remedy equals Bap- tisia in the fever of diphtheria. “If you have a patient who can swallow nothing but liquids, give him Baptisia.”—G. “Great sinking sensation in the epigastrium, with frequent fainting.”—Dr. Bayes. [In portal congestion.] BAPTISIA. 193 Violent colicky pains in the hypogastrium, before and during stool. Stools fetid, watery, and exhausting. Dysentery; stools scanty, of blood and mucus, with severe tenesmus and low fever. Very valuable in dysentery. “Stools, urine, and sweat all extremely fetid.”-Dr. A. E. Small. Continual pain in region of gall-bladder; has to move con- stantly, but this does not remove the pain. “In whatever position the patient les, the parts rested upon feel sore and bruised.”——Dr. Bayes. Lungs.—‘“Dry cough, or loose, purulent, or muco-purulent ; high temperature; chills at 10 a.m. and 8 p.m.; anorexia and emaciation. Grand remedy in phthisis.”—J. S. Mitchell, M.D. Generalities.—Limbs very weak and trembling. Toxemic diseases. Aggravation.—In close, warm room. Amelioration.—In open, fresh air. 194 BARYTA CARBONICA. BARYTA CARBONICA. Carbonate of Baryta. Chemical preparation. Trituration. Antidotes.—Bell., Calc., Caust., Merc., Iod., and Magnesia. Through the organic nervous system, Baryta has one special center of action: I. Lympnaric GLANDULAR System. Hypertrophy; Atony. Lymphatics and Tonsils.—Baryta produces atony of the lymphatic system, and hypertrophy of the parenchyma of the tonsils, with chronic ulceration of the glandular system. Therapeutic Individuality. Atrophy ; defective mental and physical growth. “Especially suited to dwarfish women with scanty menstrua- tion, and troublesome weight about the pubes in any position.” — G. {Mind and body very weak.] “Scrofulous children that do not grow.”—G. Acts well on diseases of old people, especially paralysis. Chronic induration of the tonsils, where the parenchyma is the seat of the trouble, and they often ulcerate. “It is our best remedy in tonsillitis to prevent suppuration.” — Hughes. Sensation as if the lungs were full of smoke. “Hoarseness and aphonia, with great relaxation of the muscu- lar structures of the throat.”—Dr. Bayes. Very susceptible to cold. Takes cold on slight changes in temperature. Fever, the chill predominating; chronic suppurations. Scrofulous ulcerations, fatty tumors; indurated glands. Aggravation.—Night, morning, cold, damp air. Amelioration.— Walking, and open, warm air. BELLADONNA. 195 BELLADONNA. Deadly Nightshade. Habiiat: Europ2, Asia Minor, etc. Whole fresh plant, at inflorescence; Class I. Antidotes.—Camph., Op., Coff., Hyos., Nux vom., Hep., Zinc, Wine. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Belladonna has eleven special centers of action: I. Crresro-Spinat System. otor and Sensory Paralysis. Il. Crrevt'y. Cardiac Inhib. Centers Stim.; Capillaries Cont'd. Jil. Temperature. Elevated from One to Three Degrees. IV. Pyeumocasrric Nerve. Respiratory Center Stimulated. V. Muscies or HoLtow Viscera, (ABDOMEN, ETC.) Paralysis. VL Kipyeys. Congested. Buapper. Sphincter Paralyzed VIL) GENERATIVE ORGANS. Congestion; Arrested Secretion. VIII. GLanpuLar System. Arrested Secretion; I nflammation. IX. Skin. LErysipelatous Inflammation ; Copious Perspiration. X. Eye. Mydriasis; Congestion, Inflammation. XI. Mucous Mempranes. Secretions Entirely Arrested. Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.—Belladonna produces act- ive, acute, and violent congestion and inflammation of the whole encephalic mass, with throbbing headache; mania; wild delir- jum; vertigo; profound sleep; fantastic vision; flushed face; and noises in the ears. “A sense of tightness or pain is first felt in the frontal region and in the eyes; confusion of thought, with giddiness, a feeling of intoxication, and noises in the ears. The sight becomes con- fused, objects are seen as through a mist, or they are mistaken for different ones. Spectral illusions are not infrequent. They are usually of a pleasing character; images of diamonds and other precious stones; flashes of many-colored lights, bits of brilliant plumage, and insects with enameled wings. Occasionally there is total blindness, even of several days’ duration. The mind is agitated and excited by a train of extravagant ideas; there is often decided delirium, and nearly always of a gay de- 196 BELLADONNA. scription, which either prevents sleep entirely, or permits only broken slumbers disturbed by fantastic dreams. It is remarkable that the patient may be quite conscious of his visual ilusions and his delirium, but without having the power to prevent the one or control the other. “In certain cases, familiar objects around the patient are not recognized, and are called by wrong names; the old and decrepit are addressed as young and beautiful; and even inanimate objects are mistaken for one another. This singular low delirium has been compared to somnambulism. It is recorded of a tailor, who had used an injection of Belladonna, that he remained on his shop- board for fifteen hours, sewing with great apparent earnestness, using all the gestures which his business required, and moving his lips as if in speaking, yet the whole of the time perfectly insensi- ble. Dr. Simpson mentions a lady who, under the influence of an overdose of Belladonna, appeared as if in the act of dressing her hair for hours. Some of the most frightful cases of suicidal and destructive impulses are declared to have had their origin in the use of Belladonna, even where a predisposition to insanity did not exist. It is asserted, that, when tic-douloureux has been sud- denly stopped by this remedy, this form of madness has been developed. But, in general, in poisonous doses, it gives rise to active, and for the most part joyous, delirium, with laughter, running, etc.; although there is in reality great loss of muscular power. A remarkable fact, observed in some cases of poisoning, is the degree of anesthesia which this drug produces. Of this, a striking example is afforded by a man who swallowed by mistake an enormous dose of the watery extract of this plant. For several days the skin remained so insensible that it could be pinched or pricked without pain. In most fatal cases, sopor succeeds delir- ium, or may even occur without being preceded by excitement ; there is muscular relaxation, and a red, tumid face, injection of the conjunctiva, and a frequent, or else a very infrequent, pulse. In some, convulsions are the immediate precursors of death. But, in poisoning by Belladonna, narcotism is the exception, not the rule.”—Stille, “Dr. S. Botkin found, that, when the vessels of a frog’s legs were tied, and the animal poisoned by Atropia, while paralysis developed itself in the ordinary way in the uninjured leg, the in- jured leg preserved its motility. On testing with galvanic cur- rents, the nerve of the leg whose artery had been tied, trans- mitted a very forcible impulse to its tributary muscles, under the stimulus of a galvanic current much weaker than could elicit BELLADONNA. 197 the faintest response from the nerve of the opposite side. He con- cluded, very logically, that Atropia acts as a paralyzant to the motor nerve trunks themselves, and also, since motion persisted in the protected leg after it was completely lost in its fellows, that this influence of the drug was exerted upon the motor trunks before the spinal centers. This has been confirmed by many men, such as Bezold, Bloebaum, Meuriot, and others, who have proven that Atropia, if in sufficient dose, has the power of destroy- ing the excitability of the efferent or motor nerve fibers, but that it must be in very large quantity; so that, in mammals, death may be caused by the Alkaloid, and yet a notable amount of func- tional power be retained by the motor nerves. Bezold and Bloebaum, whose elaborate experiments are especially com- mendable, affirm that very rarely have they been able totally to destroy by Atropia the functional power of the motor nerves, and also have shown that both the nerve-stem and the peripheral intra-muscular nerve-endings are affected. All the experiment- ers of the day agree that no stage of super-excitability preceding that of depression can be discovered. “The action of Atropia upon the spinal centers has been closely and ably studied by Dr. Fraser, of Edinburgh. He dis- covered, that, if a frog receive a hypodermic injection of about the one-thousandth part of its weight of Atropia, a condition of per- fect paralysis and abolition of reflex action comes on after a time, and lasts from two to four days, to be succeeded by a tetanic stage, with violent convulsions, and excessive excitability of the reflex centers. The convulsions of this stage have been shown by ‘Fraser to be spinal, occurring after section of the cord in all parts of the body; and the paralysis, as well as the tetanus, is due to an action upon the centers; the drug so acting upon the spinal cord as first to abolish and then intensify its reflex activity. Drs. Ringer and Murrell believe that both the paralysis and the tetanus are due to a depressant action. The theory is, that the normal cord has a power of resisting impulses received from the periphery, and especially of preventing their wide propagation among the spinal centers. During the first stage of the Atropia- poisoning, it is supposed that the motor portions of the cord are so paralyzed as to be unable to form or propagate any motor im- pulse; and hence the general paralysis. Later on, however, the motor cells have so far recovered themselves as to be able to gen- erate impulses freely, although the resistive power of the cord is still in abeyance. Consequently, a peripheral impulse plays, as it were, at will, up and down the spinal cord, and, instead of 198 BELLADONNA. giving rise to a simple reflex action, gives origin to a series of re- tlex movements, involving all the muscles, and constituting a tetanic convulsion. In mammals, the convulsant action comes on more rapidly, and is less protracted, and the paralyzant action _ is also less intense, than in the frog; so that, while the batrachian poisoned by Atropia is in the beginning paralyzed, and ‘after- ward convulsed, the mammal suffers from convulsions and reflex spasms early in the poisoning, and often exhibits evidences all through of the excited reflex activity. Dr. Botkin, from frogs poisoned with Atropia, came to the conclusion, that, while Atropia paralyzes first the motor nerves, yet later it acts, also, on the afferent nerves. “The following experiments of Meuriot prove conclusively that Atropia does influence the afferent nerves: He found, that, if a frog be bound tightly around the body, so as to interrupt the circulation, and then be poisoned by Atropia in the front part of the body, at first irritations in any part give rise to general spasms; but, after a time, in order to get any movements of the hind legs, it is necessary to apply an irritant to them. Again, the hinder parts of the frog were so bound by ligatures as to cut off, on the one side, all communication except by the nerves, and, on the other, to leave free the nerve and constrict the vessels. A strong injection of Atropia was then given; and, when the mo- ment came that irritation of the periphery of the leg whose circu- lation was free would no longer cause reflex spasms, the artery of this leg also was tied, so that both legs, the one Atropinized, the other not, were now connected with the body of the frog only by their nerves. Strychnia was now injected; and it was found, that, while irritation of the Atropinized leg had no effect, stimu- lation of the non-Atropinized leg gave rise to general convulsions. These experiments show that Atropia acts upon the afferent nerves as well as upon the efferent. It is probable that Atropia acts upon the peripheral filaments of the nerves more quickly than upon the main trunks.” —H. C. Wood, AI. D. Dr. Fraser says, that Atropia produces paralysis chiefly by affecting the motor centers and sensory nerves in the spinal cord; and Dr. Ringer has confirmed this. Vulpian says: “Atropia has a direct paralyzing action on the cord, and does not affect it through its depressing action upon the circulation.” Heart and Circulatory System.—Large doses of Belladonna prominently affect the heart and blood-vessels. “The pulse at BELLADONNA. 199 first becomes slower, but afterward is generally more frequent, and, during the active stages, full and bounding; but, as the symptoms decline, it falls again below the natural standard in strength and frequency; while in fatal cases, on the other hand, it grows rapid, intermittent, and thready.”—Stille. Dr. H. C. Wood says: “Atropia acts as a direct stimulant upon the cardiac inhibitory centers, precisely as it does on the spinal cord; the reason that the action is not more manifest under ordi- nary circumstances being the incapacity of the paralyzed vagus to transmit the central impulse. This asserted stimulation of the inhibitory center, if it be correct, accounts very beautifully for the “ primary brief slowing of the pulse stated to occur in some cases of Atropia-poisoning.” “When, by the division of the spinal cord and vagi, the heart is isolated from the nerve centers, and the vaso-motor nerves are paralyzed, Bezold and Bloebaum have found that Atropia,in small and large doses, lessens at once the arterial pressure. Botkin states, that, when Atropia is applied to the heart of the frog, it at once diminishes, and finally arrests, its action, which can not be re-excited by galvanic or other stimuli; and Bezold and Bloe- baum have found that the same thing occurs when an overdose of the Alkaloid is injected into the jugular vein of a mammal. From these facts, it follows, that, upon the heart itself, Atropia acts as a direct depressant poison. “From what has already been said, it is evident that the in- crease of the pulse seen in Atropia-poisoning, is in a measure due to a paralysis of the cardiac inhibitory nerves; but that this is not the only cause, is shown by the fact noticed by Lemattre (Archives Generales, August, 1865), and confirmed by my own ex- periments, that, after section of the par vagum, Atropia still causes an increase in the rapidity of the heart’s action. Further, Bezold and Bloebaum have found, that, when the thoracic sym- pathetic is galvanized, even after large doses of Atropia, the heart is very sensibly affected. From these facts, it is obvious that Atropia acts on the cardiac accelerator nerve centers, or possibly nerves, as a stimulant, and, unless it be in lethal doses, does not destroy the excitability of these nerves. “The evidence derived from direct observation of the capilla- ries seems to me to be, on the whole. decidedly in favor of their contraction by minute doses of Belladonna. However, the alter- ations in the caliber of the vessels are so slight as to leave great play for the imagination of the observer; but Brown-Sequard says positively that the drug has the power of exciting the mus- 200 BELLADONNA. cular fibers of the arterioles. Much more decisive proof is, how- ever, obtainable from a study of the arterial pressure. I have found, that, after section of the vagi, Atropia still has the power of very materially raising the arterial pressure. As Atropia does not augment the force of the individual cardiac beat, and as the increase in the number of the cardiac pulsations caused by it after section of the vagi is comparatively slight, it is exceedingly probable that the rise of the arterial pressure just spoken of is due to a contraction of the small vessels. This logical conclu- sion becomes almost a certainty when it is further known, that, atter division of the cord, and consequent separation of the ves- sels from the vaso-motor centers, Atropia is powerless to produce rise of arterial pressure,— a fact vouched for by Bezold and Bloebaum, and which I confirm from my own experiments. “Viewing all these facts together, I am forced to give assent to the proposition that Atropia, in not too large amount, is a stimulant to the vaso-motor centers, a conclusion in harmony with the action of the drug on all the other motor centers. All observers agree, that, in the advanced stage of Atropia-poisoning, after the blood- pressure has commenced to fall, there is dilatation of the capil- laries. It seems most probable that this is due to a direct action of the poison on the muscular fibers in the coats of the arteries; for, when directly applied to the web of a frog’s foot, Atropia, after a time, produces an evidently paralytic dilatation; and Be- zold and Bloebaum have found that the arterial muscular coats in Atropia-poisoning finally lose their irritability, but that, so long as they retain it, galvanic stimulation of a sympathetic nerve does, not fail to induce contraction in the tributary ves- sels.”—Dr. H. C. Wood. Dr. J. Harley says: “The first effect of Belladonna on the pulse is to increase its quickness, fullness, and force, to the extent even of fifty to sixty beats in a minute; moderate doses at the same time increasing the blood-pressure. This condition of the circulation continues till the tongue and mouth become moist and clammy, when the pulse diminishes in frequency and loses strength. He considers Belladonna a powerful heart tonic; and he points out how the use of it serves to reduce the frequency of and to strengthen the beats of the heart, when weakened by disease.” From the above, we deduce the fact that the rapidity of the heart’s action is due to paralysis of the peripheral inhibitory nerves, and to stimulation of the accelerator nerves: and,that the increased arterial pressure is due to the increased cardiac action, BELLADONNA. 201 together with the general contraction of the capillaries, the result of excitation of the vaso-motor centers. Temperature.—Dr. H.C. Wood says: “In moderate doses, Atropia causes a profound rise in temperature ; but, in very large, decidedly toxic, amounts, it lessens animal heat. Thus, in the dog, Meuriot has obtained an augmentation of from 1° to 8° C., and Dumeril, Demarquay, and Lecomte, of 4° C. In fatal poison- ing of dogs, these observers have noticed a fall respectively of 5 1-10° and of 8°. In man, Meuriot, in the use of medicinal doses, has observed the temperature to rise 1-2° to 1 1-10°, and Eulen- burgh 1-2° to 8-10°._ Harley has seen in man an elevation of 1° F. As pointed out by Meuriot, the rise and fall of temperature ‘probably correspond to the rise and fall of the blood-pressure.” Respiratory System.—Belladonna is a direct and special stimulant of the respiratory centers. Dr. J. M. Fothergill says: “The action of Atropia upon the respiratory centers is most marked, and is quite equal to that exercised by Strychnia and Ammonia. Its action is decidedly stimulating, and its potency in opium-poisoning is due to its effects upon the respiration and the circulation when failing.” Dr. H. C. Wood says: “Small doses of Atropia do not affect the respiration; whereas, large doses accelerate it. The same is true in animals; .and the acceleration takes place even when the vagi have been previously divided,—a proof that it is due toa . direct stimulation of the respiratory centers in the medulla. When large, fatal doses are administered, there is evidently also a paral- ysis of that portion of the peripheral pneumogastric nerve which is connected with the function of respiration ; for if, in an animal suffering only from a moderate dose, the par vagum be cut, respi- ration is profoundly affected; but, when Atropia has been more freely given, no marked influence is exerted upon the respiratory rhythm by section of the vagi. As death approaches in Bella- donna-poisoning, the blood, which has preserved its normal color, may become very dark, and the patient at last dies of asphyxia,— probably not from failure of the centers themselves, but from the loss of functional power in the respiratory nerves.” Abdominai Cavity.—Belladonna depresses and paralyzes the functions of the muscles of organic life, such as found in the hol- low viscera of the abdominal canal, and lessens the secretions of these viscera. Dr. H.C. Wood, in his “Therapeutics,” says: “On the non-striated muscles, the action of the drug is pronounced ; 202 BELLADONNA, but its exact nature is uncertain.” Meuriot states, that, if the belly of an animal poisoned by Atropia be opened, the intestines will be found undergoing violent contractions, and that Bella- donna is a violent excitant of the non-striated muscles. On the other hand, Bezold and Bloebaum affirm that they have experi- mented upon the intestines, bladder, uterus, and ureters, and that. in all cases there is a marked sedation from Atropia, and that, whether a small or large dose be used, there are produced muscu- lar quietness and relaxation in all these organs,—evidences of se- dation not preceded by any stage of excitement, and always ac- companied by lessening of the electro-muscular sensibility. They state, further, that, by the use of sufficient doses, absolute pa- ralysis of the organs alluded to is induced, so that the strongest, Faradaic currents are unable to cause any motion. P. Keuchel has made a most elaborate series of experiments to determine the effect of Atropia upon the inhibitory fibers of the splanchnic nerve, and found, that, even when doses of Atropia so small as not to affect distinctly the motor nerves are given, galvanization of the splanchnics fails to intluence the intestines, whose vermicu-- lar movements are still active, and therefore that Atropia para- lyzes the peripheral inhibitory intestinal apparatus precisely as. it does that of the heart. It has been shown by Pfliger, that gal-. vanization of the peripheral ends of the divided splanchnics. © causes immediate arrest of the peristaltic intestinal movements ; . and, although the subject has not been absolutely worked out, it. . is almost certain that some of the splanchnic fibers are the inhib- itory nerves of the intestinal coats. There is a seeming disagree- ment between these researches and those of Meuriot and Bezold. and Bloebaum; but it is probable that both are correct. It ap- pears certain, that, in full doses, Atropia paralyzes the smooth muscular fibers of the intestine, bladder, etc. ; and it may be that in any dose it ‘depresses their activity directly, but that, by paralyzing more quickly the inhibitory apparatus, it sometimes places the intestinal muscular coat in such a position that it will respond more vigorously than normal to external stimuli. If this be so, it is evident that there is real accord in the results of all these investigations ; for Keuchel used only very small doses in a rabbit (0.75 er.). Spasm and paralysis of the sphincter ani, is a prominent: symptom of Belladonna. Urinary Organs.—Upon the kidneys, Belladonna produces congestion, and stasis in the Malpighian circulation. Dr. H. C. BELLADONNA. 203: Wood says: “From small doses of Atropia, the urine is increased, according to Harley doubled. I am confident, however, that this. increase varies greatly, and is not always marked. After large toxic doses, the urine may be first increased, but is usually lessened very early, and in the later stages may be entirely suppressed. Meuriot states that the secretion of urine rises and falls in Atro- pia-poisoning with the arterial pressure. The experiments of Harley upon men, would appear to show that medicinal doses of Atropia decidedly increase the solids of the urine, slightly the urea and uric acid, very markedly the phosphates and sulphates.” Dr. Wood thinks, “when Belladonna is administered medici- nally, it probably all escapes from the body through the urine.” Bladder.—Belladonna has a special action upon the sphincter muscle of the bladder, producing irritation similar to strangury, and finally complete paralysis. Its action upon the detrusor and sphincter fibers of the urethra, has often proved of untold value in breaking up the habit of nocturnal incontinence of urine in children. Sexual Organs, Male.—Belladonna produces congestion and spasm; excitability, followed by depression. Sexual Organs, Female.—In the female, the action of Bel- ladonna is characterized by spasm and congestion, through its action upon the inferior hypogastric and spermatic plexuses, and the third and fourth sacral nerves, especially through their periph- eral intra-muscular nerve-endings, found in the arterial capil- lary blood-vessels. This rise of arterial blood-pressure in the ovaries and uterus, gives us an elevated temperature, congestion, and all the symptoms of acute inflammation ; as shown by the sud- den clutching, stitching, throbbing spasmodic pains in the ovary and uterus, with pressure downward as if all the contents of the abdomen would issue through the vulva; heat and dryness of the vagina, with spasm of its sphincter muscle, etc. The action of Belladonna upon the muscles of the uterus, especially the internal circular muscular coat, producing spasm, contraction, and in large doses complete paralysis, is most marked and profound. The power of producing muscular contraction of the uterus, has proved of untold value in arresting copious uterine hemorrhages after labor; and many a woman’s life has been saved by its use. Its paralyzing influence in rigidity of the os uteri in labor, has also proved a blessing to thousands of suffer- ing women, and saved hours of suffering. 204 BELLADONNA. Mamme.—No remedy in the Materia Medica has a more spe- cific and profound action upon the secretions of these glands. It not only checks, but entirely arrests, the secretion of milk, em- ployed either internally or externally. Dr. Ringer says: “It is well known that Belladonna will arrest the secretion of milk, and that it is employed with great advantage when, from any cause, a mother is unable to suckle her child, and the breasts become swollen, exquisitely painful, and threaten to inflame and suppu- rate unless the tension of the milk-ducts is relieved. If the milk can not be drawn off artificially, the secretion must be suppressed by means of Belladonna, which should be applied early, before inflammation has set in; and then, in a few hours, the swollen, painful breasts gradually diminish, and soon become soft, com- fortable, and painless. But, if inflammation has set in, and the breasts become tense, shiny, and knotty, red, and acutely painful, the continuous application of Belladonna for twenty-four or forty- eight hours will often remove the inflammation and tension and arrest the impending abscess. The rapid relief it gives in these cases will astonish any one unaccustomed to its use ; in fact, it is impossible to overstate the usefulness of Belladonna.” The liniment (the extract mixed with an equal quantity of glycerine) or the ointment (a drachm of the tincture to an ounce of olive oil, or two drachms of the liniment mixed with an ounce of lard) should be rubbed especially over the areola around the nipple. The liniment is speedily effectual. Glandular System.—One of the most prominent and early effects of Atropia is dryness of the mouth and fauces, due to sup- pression of the secretions of the mucous and salivary glands. Keuchel says, that the arrest of secretion is nervous, and is due to an action upon the peripheral nerve filaments. As was first discovered by Schiff, “section of the chorda tym- pani is followed by arrest of secretion of the submaxillary gland, and galvanization of the peripheral end produces a greatly in- creased flow of saliva. In Keuchel’s experiments, these phenom- ena occurred in the unpoisoned animal; but, when Atropia had been exhibited, galvanization of the peripheral chorda tympani was powerless to excite secretion,—proof that the peripheral end of the nerve was paralyzed. The entire suspension of the secre- tions of the salivary, and glands of the mouth,—the tongue, mouth, and fauces being as devoid of moisture as if they were composed of burnt shoe-leather, with inability to swallow,—is the first and most prominent effect of Belladonna ;” and well has BELLADONNA, 205: it served us in acute inflammation of the mouth and fauces, as. well as in great salivation from the abuse of Mercury. Tonsilli- tis in the acute form is not only produced by this drug, but is dis- sipated with it, hke melting snow in a hot sun. Skin.—The copious perspiration produced by Atropia, shows that it has a specific and most powerful action upon the peripheral nervo-glandular apparatus. Experiments indicate that the chiet sweat center is located in the medulla oblongata; but it is be- lieved that others are located in the lumbar and lower part ot the dorsal region, and that the sweat fibers run with the vaso-motor fibers. I believe that Atropia affects most prominently the periph- eral nervo-glandular apparatus of the skin, also the sweat center in the medulla oblongata. The nervous energy rouses the glands of the skin into activity, so as to produce increased secretion, and finally paralyzes the sweat glands, with arrest of secretion. The great utility of Belladonna, and especially Atropia, in pro- fuse sweating, either general or local, has been conclusively demonstrated. The action of Belladonna, producing dry, red, and hot skin, which often goes on to acute erysipelas, and erysipelatous inflam- mation, where the skin is smooth, tense, and bright red, is a marked symptom of Atropia, and has been utilized thousands of times in scarlatina and erysipelas. As a Prophylactic against Scarlatina.—The immortal Hahne- mann has the honor of introducing Belladonna as a prophylactic against scarlatina; and, from the vast amount of testimony, in. our school as well as in the Allopathic, we are compelled to accept: it as a demonstrated fact; but just how much of a prophylactic it is, has not been proved. In mild epidemics, where the eruption is smooth, and diphtheritic symptoms do not show themselves, I believe it will often act as a prophylactic; but, in malignant epi- demics, with intense blood-poisoning, in which the ljttle ones pass away with croupal diphtheria, Belladonna is utterly useless. In our last malignant epidemic, children that took Belladonna as a pro- phylactic, took the disease and passed to their eternal homes in twenty-four and forty-eight hours; and, where they survived the eruptive stage, croupal diphtheria, or dropsy, took them off in from one to three weeks. Over three thousand of the cases, out of the twenty thousand attacked, proved fatal. In my great anxiety to: find a remedy for this dreaded disease, I commenced to read everything I could find on the pathology and treatment of scarla- tina. I found that all writers upon this subject claimed that. 206 BELLADONNA.| nursing infants were almost exempt from this poison, and IJ asked the question, Why this exemption? There being a cause for every- thing, there must be a cause for this non-predisposition of infants, This problem, I believe, is now solved, by the fact that infants live upon a milk diet. Therefore I believe that a— Milk diet is the true prophylactic for scarlet fever. I have already tested this milk diet in fifty-seven cases, where the children have been exposed day and night with a case of scar- let fever in the house. They have slept with the patients, kissed them, and aided in taking care of them; and, so far, I have not one failure to report. Taking this, with the great immunity of nursing infants, into consideration, I feel justified in claiming that milk will prove to be the true prophylactic in scarlatina. At least one gobletful of milk should be taken three times a day; and a full milk diet would be better. Of course, the milk should be kept out of the sick-room, and well covered to prevent its acting as a contagion-carrier. If the daily use of milk will prevent lead colic in the manu- facture of white lead, where the workmen suffer the most violent colic without its use, why may it not prevent the poison that pro- duces scarlatina from acting, when there is not the one-millionth part as much of the contagion absorbed as there is of lead in its manufacture? There is always found an excess of fibrine in the blood of scarlatina patients. The lactic acid in milk, inhibits and lessens this excess of fibrine, thereby acting as a prophylactic. Eyes.—Atropia, given internally, or placed in the eye, dilates the pupils of all animals except birds. Accompanying this my- driasis, we have lessened intra-ocular pressure and paralysis of accommodation. Dr. H. C. Wood says: “Before discussing briefly the action of Atropia upon the pupil, the fact that a recent American female writer has re-asserted the old theory that the movements of the iris are due -to erectile tissue, or, in other words, to its blood- vessels, seems to render necessary a few words as to the real mo- tile power of the part. In the first place, it is an indisputable anatomical fact that the iris is largely composed of muscular fibers ; and it is a simple common-sense deduction that the mus- cular fibers are for the purpose of causing motion, especially since, in many animals, it can be readily demonstrated, that, while some of these fibers are circular, others are radiating, so that by position they become antagonistic. The paper of Dr. Alt seems to me very decisive. In a very elaborate series of ex- periments, it was found, that, when the upper cervical ganglion was stimulated, the pupil dilated long before any influence upon BELLADONNA, 207 the vessels was detected, and that, on cessation of the stimula- tion, the pupil became natural long before the spasms of the ves- sels yielded,—to my mind a proof that the ganglion has fibers other than vaso-motor fibers, which control the muscular actions of the iris, and are more sensitive than the vaso-motor filaments ; and, secondarily, a proof that the movements of the iris are not due to movements of blood-vessels. “It may first be asserted that the dilatation induced by the local application of Belladonna, is a nervous phenomenon, and not due to a direct action of the drug upon the muscular fibers of the iris; for, as all of these, both the radiating and the circular, are of the same nature (non striated in mammals), their antago- nism is simply due to position; and it seems inconceivable that mere position should affect the relations between a muscle and a drug. Moreover, decisive proof is afforded by the experiments of Bernstein and Dogiel, who found, that, while galvanic irritation of the oculo-motor nerve was unable to cause contraction of the pupil in the Atropinized eye, yet, when the electrodes were applied to the eyes in such a way as to affect directly the iris, contraction occurred,—phenomena only explainable by the theory that the nerve-endings were paralyzed, while the muscle was unaffected. Of the truth of this observation, there can be no doubt, as it has been confirmed by Dr. G. Engelhardt. “It is just possible, indeed, that the observation as to the non- action of the mydriatic upon the irides of birds is incorrect. Donders says that the pupillary action of Atropia ‘is slight in birds, in which it was formerly overlooked.’ In my own experi- ments on pigeons, there seemed to be no distinct effect. “The dilatation of the pupil by the local application of Atropia is certainly independent of any nerve centers farther back than the ciliary ganglion. This is proven by the following facts: Claude Bernard and Lemattre both have found that Atropia-my- driasis occurs in animals after section of the oculo-motor; and I have seen it in cases of complete oculo-motor paralysis in man. It also takes place after section of the trigeminus, or of the cer- vical sympathetic, or of both of these nerves, as is shown by the testimony of numerous observers and by my own experiments. In man, I have seen it after paralysis of the sympathetic. (Phila- -delphia Med. Times, vol. i., p. 290.) Not only is the dilatation of the pupil by the local application of Atropia independent of the central nervous system, but also of the ciliary ganglion; and it is therefore due to an action exerted directly upon the nerre- endings in the iris. The experiments of Bernstein and Dogiel, 208 BELLADONNA. confirmed by Engelhardt, already quoted, are in themselves. almost enough to establish the truth of this proposition. More direct evidence is not, however, wanting. Thus, Vierordt has found that Atropia, locally applied, still causes mydriasis after the removal of the ciliary ganglion. It also has been discovered, that, in the eye of a frog removed from the body, Atropia will produce dilatation of the pupil, and also in the eye of a man just dead. “Tt having been demonstrated that the mydriasis of the Atro- pinized eye is the result of an action upon the peripheral nerve-. tibers, the questions arise: Are the ends of the oculo-motor, the: contractor of the pupil, paralyzed? or are the ends of the sym- pathetic, the dilator, stimulated? or is there a double influence both these actions occurring. Both Donders and Stellwag von Carion insist that the paralysis of accommodation is proof of paralysis of the oculo-motor nerve; and it seems to me they do so with truth. However this may be, there is much direct proof that the oculo-motor fibers are paralyzed, since the experiment of Grunhagen, showing that galvanization of the exposed oculo- motor nerve does not affect the Atropinized pupil, has been con- firmed by many. “Tn artificial mydriasis, there is, then, undoubtedly peripheral. palsy of the oculo-motor. The question arises: Is there, also, stimulation of the dilating nerve? The evidence as to this is not so positive, but to my mind indicates very strongly that there is. such an action. Clinical experience certainly shows that the dila- tation produced by a mydriatic is not merely a passive movement. of relaxation, but is active, capable of tearing up inflammatory adhesions even when of some firmness. Again, the dilatation that. occurs after the paralysis of the oculo-motor nerve in man, and after its destruction in animals, is not at all equal to that pro- duced by Atropia, and, indeed, can be largely increased by the: action of the drug. Further, in the eye separated entirely from. the nerve centers, Atropia still causes a wide dilatation. These facts necessitate the belief, either that the alkaloid acts upon the: sympathetic fibrille, or that the peripheral fibers of a nerve are: in themselves nerve centers, acting upon the muscles of them- selves, even when separated from their centers. “In conclusion, the action of Atropia applied to the eye may be summed up as follows: The mydriasis is the result of direct influence upon the peripheral nerve fibers; those of the oculo-motor being certainly paralyzed; those of the sympathetic: and its ally, the trigeminus, being probably excited. PEC EH BELLADONNA. 209 “In regard to the constitutional action of Atropia, it is evi- dent, that, when the Alkaloid is administered internally, there are only four possible ways in which it can cause mydriasis: 1. By acting alone on the sympathetic nerve centers, as a stimulant. 2. By acting alone on the oculo-motor nerve centers as a paraly- zant. 8. By combining these actions. 4. By being carried to the eye, and acting as though locally applied.” To get rapid and decided effects, as enumerated above, with Atropia, dissolve one grain of Atropia in a fluid drachm of water. One drop placed upon the conjunctiva will, in from five to fifteen minutes, dilate the pupil of the healthy eye to more than double its ordinary size, and retain it so for four or five days. Apply with a fine camel’s-hair pencil at the canthus of the eye. Belladonna is a direct tissue-irritant to the eye, producing hyperemia of the ocular membranes, sometimes acute conjunc- tivitis, affecting the whole eye, retina, lachrymal sac and canals. With this congestion, we have presbyopia, chromatopsia, photop- sia, and amaurosis. Homatropin or Oxrytolugl-tropein.—This is a new Alkaloid pre- pared from Atropia by the use of Amygdalic and dilute Hydro- chloric acids. It is a mydriatic that im many cases will super- sede Atropia; as its mydriatic action is much more rapid than that of Atropia or Duboisia, far less irritating than either, and its effects much more evanescent. Under the influence of Homatro- pin, the pupil begins to dilate in fifteen minutes, and attains its maximum size in from forty to sixty minutes, when used in solutions of from eight to fifteen grains to the ounce of water. When weaker solutions are used,—one and two grains to the ounce,—the maximum degree of dilation is not reached until three hours after the instillation into the eye. After the instillation of Atropia, the patient is unable to read for ten days; after that of Duboisia, for three or four days; but, after that of Homatropin, he can read on the following day. This will be a valuable agent for producing temporary mydria- sis when necessary for the examination of the fundus of the eye ; but, for a therapeutic agent in effecting a forcible dilation of the pupil, it will be of but slight utility, on account of its ephemeral action. In glaucoma of the eye, its use would be dangerous, from its action increasing the intra-ocular tension. 210 BELLADONNA. Therapeutic Individuality. The inception, or starting-point, of the affection is in the brain when Belladonna is indicated; and it is during the first stage of inflammation, before plastic effusion arrives. Furious delirium, with a wild look; wishes to strike, bite, or quarrel, face flushed, and eyes red. “Almost constant moaning; the child remains in a drowsy or sleepy state, with starting and jumping while sleeping; flushed face and red eyes.” —G. “Child cries out suddenly, and ceases just as suddenly.”—G. Desire to escape, with restlessness and anxiety. “Rage; tears the clothes, bites, kicks, strikes, howls, and shrieks.” —Lippe. ; Crying, laughing, dancing, or muttering delirium, with phan- tasms; heat in head, and flushed face. “Sleepiness, but can not sleep.”—G. Head.—Violent congestion of blood to the head, with loss of consciousness; carotids throb violently; jugulars swollen; face bloated and red. Worse from motion and touch; light and noise are intolerable. When stooping, or rising from a stooping posture, has vertigo, with flickering before the eyes, and a tendency to fall backward or to the left side. “Vertigo, with vanishing of sight, stupefaction and debility.” —Lippe. Epilepsy from irritation of the medulla oblongata, with active cerebral congestion; scarlet face, and foaming at the mouth. (It has cured many cases.) Infantile convulsions, when of an active character and start- ing from the medulla oblongata, with heat in head. Neuralgia of the head and face, with flushed face. — Dizziness, as if everything were going round or swimming, with confusion, stupidity, and heat in the head. Pains gradually increase until intolerable; then suddenly de- cline, and re-appear elsewhere. Marcy and Hunt say: “The specific action of Belladonna is on the cerebral system, which is the point from which all its symptoms radiate, as from a center, in all diseases. Even the inflammations induced by this remedy always emanate from within outward, by an increased action in the central organs. Thus, in the exanthemata, as soon as the eruption appears, the BELLADONNA. ‘ 211 severe cerebral symptoms, the headaches and general febrile symp- toms [caused by the nervous system irritating the vascular] dis- appear. When an exanthematous eruption is suppressed, the brain is instantly the seat of a violent attack. Belladonna cures only those diseases of the splanchnic nervous system, or of the abdomen or uterus, in which there are more or less brain symp- toms. In all visceral inflammations cured by Belladonna, we may safely conclude that these diseases were expulsions of inimical agents which originally threatened to attack the cerebral nervous system.. The same remarks apply to all fevers, especially typhus, or the fevris nervosa versatilis.” Speaking of inflammation, Prof. R. Ludlam says: “Bella- donna is centric in its operation. It diminishes the caliber of the blood-vessels, after having just impressed the cerebro-spinal centers. The capillary contraction caused by its primary action, is followed by a relaxation in the fibrous coat of the vessels, which corresponds to Bennett’s second stage of inflammation “This change from contraction to dilatation is more or less marked in degree, and depends upon a diminution in the reflex power of the spinal cord, in the motor current at its source. The hyperemia results from a direct derangement in the function of the vaso-motor nerves. Belladonna reduces the hyperesthesia of the nervous system, upon which the congestion is consequent. It affords relief by a removal of the cause of the abnormal phenom- ena. It does not promote diaphoresis, is not critical in its results, has no special relation to the emunctories, but is appropriate to, and exercises a calmative influence over, deranged function or reflex action.” Eyes.—Eyes red, glistening and sparkling ; wild and unsteady look; face red. hot, and swollen. Congestion of blood to the eyes, with bright redness of the ves- sels; pupils contracted, and great photophobia. Acute conjunctivitis, with pressing pains as if the eyes were full of sand, and tearing pains as if the eye would be torn from the socket; pupils dilated and insensible. Secretion. First burning dryness, then involuntary lachry- mation, with pressing pains and intense photophobia. Hypere- mia of the optic nerve and retina, with cerebral congestion ; pho- 4opsiac sparks, flames and bright spots. Convulsive movements of the eyeballs in the light, with terri- ble pressing pains; mydriasis. Hyperesthesia of the retina, in ametropic conditions of the eye. 212 BELLADONNA. Neuralgia, particularly affecting the right eye, with a feeling as if the eyes would be pressed out of the skull. Face.—Face very red and congested, or great redness of the face; heat in the head and throbbing in carotids. Face swollen, bright red, erysipelatous. Spasmodic distortion of the mouth. “Thick, swollen upper lip; gums swollen.” —Hg. Nose becomes suddenly red at the point, with burning. Ears.—Earache, intensely violent, with sharp shocks and pressing, tearing pains. (Apply afew drops of a solution of Atropia, one grain to the ounce.) Illusions of hearing, buzzing, rushing, deafness, and stitching in the ears and throat when swallowing. Mouth.—Tongue partially paralyzed, right side more affected ;. deep red, trembling tongue. Excessive dryness of the fauces; dysphagia, constriction, and constant inclination to swallow, which is painful. “Sore throat, fauces and pharynx deep red; soft palate and tonsils swollen ; swallowing painful, particularly of fluids ; speech thick; feels as if there was a lump in the throat, which induces hawking; throat swollen outside, and sensitive to touch.” —Hyg. Tongue; the papille are of a deep red, inflamed and enlarged ; trembling when protruded, sometimes dry and glistening. Parotid glands hard, red, and swollen. Mercurial salivation. No known remedy will check the sali- vary secretion with such promptness as Atropia. Tonsillitis. Tonsils bright red and swollen, with great dry- ness of the fauces, and complete arrest of the secretions. The fauces and tonsils are one of the cardinal centers for the action of Atropia. Spasms of the throat, can not swallow. Inflammation of the buccal cavity, mucous membranes dry, red, and swollen. Tongue hot, dry, red, cracked ; or red on the edges, with brown fur in the center; tenacious yellow mucus mornings. Toothache, of a throbbing, tearing, drawing nature, worse at night, from cold air, and from mental exertion and contact. A feeling in the throat and cesophagus of constriction, so that nothing can be swallowed, it is so dry. “Inflammatory affections of the throat can hardly be men- tioned in any connection without calling to mind Belladonna as a BELLADONNA. 213 remedy, so universal is its use and so efficacious is it. In simple vonsillitis, when the tonsils are swollen and present a bright red appearance, with painful and difficult deglutition; at first dry- ness of the fauces, and then moderate secretion of ropy mucus or saliva, with the characteristic pulse and face, Belladonna suffices to effect a cure in afew hours. Itis equally useful in pharyngitis, in inflammation of the soft palate and uvula, and of the larynx when the mucous membrane and the sub-mucous cellular tissue are both involved. The redness is vivid; the pain is acute, tense, and often throbbing; the arterial action very decided.” —D. Stomach.—Constant inclination to swallow, a feeling as if he would suffocate if he did not swallow. Spasms of the stomach during a meal, the pain running to the spine; difticult and scanty vomiting. Abdomen.—“Colic in hypogastric region, as if from clutching and griping with the nails.,—G. [Pressing and fullness of the stomach. | “Tenderness of the abdomen, is aggravated by the least jar, even, of the bed or chair upon which she lies or sits. Obliged when walking to step with care.”"— Hq. Pressing, spasmodic, cramp-like pains in epigastrium. Stool.—‘The child turns very red in the face before and dur- ing each stool, which is watery and expelled with great force.”— Dr, Bayes. Involuntary discharge of the feces, from paralysis of the sphincter ani, isa marked symptom. Frequent tenesmus, with- out stool: stools of thin, vellow water. “Piles, with a feeling as if the back would break.”—G. “Piles so sensitive to the slightest touch that the patient has to lie down, with the nates separated.”—Raue. Proctalgia, with severe spasms of the sphincter ani. (Use Atropia, 2d decimal.) In large doses, Stille says, “Belladonna is a remedy par evr- cellence for constipation.” Urinary Organs.—Involuntary micturition, wets the bed at night, restless, starts in sleep. (Use Atropia.) Spasms of the urethra and incontinence of urine. Atropia blunts the sensibility and allays the spasms of the neck of the bladder. A large dose of Atropia at night will act like magic. Urination difficult, comes in drops. 214 BELLADONNA. Sexual Organs, Male.—Acute inflammation of the testicles, with much induration; sexual desire lost. Gonorrhea, with much inflammation and chordee. Sexual instinct lost entirely; testes drawn up. Sexual Organs, Female.—Pressure downward, as if all the contents of the abdomen would protrude through the vulva; es- pecially in dysmenorrhea. “Great pressing in the genital organs, as if everything would. protrude, worse early in the mornings.”—G. Os uteri rigid, hot, and dry, with cerebral excitement. Spasmodic contraction of the uterus. Secretions arrested; dysmenorrhea. Acute metritis, with many brain symptoms, delirium, etc. Stitching, sharp pains in the ovary, that come suddenly, and go suddenly; right ovary enlarged. Profuse flooding, blood bright red, with a feeling as if the uterus would come through the vagina. “Menses too early; blood bright red.”—G. Offensive metrorrhagia. (Of great value.) Vagina hot and dry, especially in labor. For mastitis, mamme indurated and very painful, use it locally as well as internally. (See “Glands”.) “Breasts feel heavy ; are very hard, and redness runs in radii.” —G. [It arrests the secretion of milk at once.] For acute diseases of the mamma, it is the most useful remedy in the Materia Medica. Used locally and internally. Respiratory. System.—For common colds, with hard, dry, teasing, spasmodic cough, worse at night, no remedy in the Materia Medica can equal Atropia (2d dec.). The constant sen- sation of wanting to cough, where the spasmodic element predom- inates, is its great indication. “A dry, hacking, spasmodic cough, as if something had fallen into the bronchi, or dust had lodged in the larynx; with tight- ness in the chest and upper air-tubes; greatly aggravated even- ings and when lying down.”—D. “Takes cold from every draft of air, especially when uncover- ing the head; complaints from cutting the hair.”—Hg. Asthma. No bronchial secretions, the dyspncea is paroxysmal. According to Dr. Harley, in asthma originating in peripheral or centric nervous irritation, the subcutaneous injection of Atropia is followed by long-continued relief. The dose must be large if Belladonna is used. BELLADONNA. Q15 Nervous, spasmodic, dry cough, at night; loose mornings. Whooping-cough. In some epidemics, Atropia will cure the paroxysmal cough in one week. “Especially in irritable and inflammatory conditions of the larynx and trachea; the cough is dry; or, if there be any sputa, it is only after long coughing, consisting of mucus, or mucus and blood ; aggravated in the evening or early night, particularly just after lying down.”—D, Skin.—Eruptions, smooth, scarlet color, with very pale face ; or face hot, red, and swollen. “Erysipelas, with smooth, shining skin, and not much swol- len.”—Raue. [Eruptions appear suddenly and vanish suddenly.] Skin highly congested, dry, bright red and smooth surface, as found in boils, scarlatina, and erysipelas. In disposition to perspire, especially copious night sweats, material doses of Belladonna, especially Atropia, are of great value. The Allopathic school use it to arrest the secretion of perspiration in all kinds of colliquative sweats, but give decided preference to its hypodermic and local use. Dr. Fothergill has had marked success in the sweating of phthisis. He gives from one-seventieth of a grain, but sometimes has to give as much as one-twentieth, of Atropia. He uses a liniment of eau de Cologne, in abundant, foul-smelling sweat of the feet or arm-pits. Atropia promptly checks sweating produced by a hot Turkish bath. The 100th (our first centesimal) will in a few seconds com- pletely dry the skin, and maintain it dry, notwithstanding the continuance of the bath. Sudden hot flushes, followed by perspiration, at the climac- teric. (Use Atropia.) Inflammations that come suddenly and leave suddenly; and the same with neuralgia. Inflammation of the encephalon in the first stage of engorge- ment and plastic deposit. As soon as serous effusion commences, the case is beyond the province of Belladonna; and such reme- dies as Bry., Arn., Hell., Sulph., and Zine, should be studied. “Where there is doubt whether Aconite or Belladonna should be given, I have always found that a disposition to perspire con- stitutes a valuable indication for Belladonna.”—Baehr. Exophthalmic goiter. Dr. R. T. Smith has made two most brilliant cures with Belladonna in five-drop doses. We should try it hypodermically in goiter. 216 BELLADONNA. To relieve neuralgia in any part of the body, Atropia locally, Ly injection under the skin over the pain, or given internally, is of great value. Upper Limbs.—‘“Shooting pains in the left shoulder, with drawing pains in the inner side of arm; great weakness of the arm.”—Hah. “Paralytic, drawing, pressing pains in upper extremities, with tearing pains in the joints of the fingers; the pains come and go suddenly.” —Hah. Conyulsive movements of the limbs; hands and feet heavy. Lower Limbs.—“Pain in thighs and legs as if beaten; gnaw- ing pains along the bones; tearing in the joints; pain gradually rises from the tarsal joints to the hips; necessitating while sitting constant motion and shifting of the feet.”—Hah. Tearing pains in middle of inside leg, uninfluenced by motion. Over-excitability of all the senses; great restlessness, sudden starting. Fever.—Fever commencing in the night; much chilliness, fol- lowed by much heat, high temperature, intense burning heat within and without; thirst after sweat; head much congested. General dry heat without thirst; sleep exceedingly restless. For copious night sweats, Atropia, 2d dec., is of great value. Inflammation and induration of glands. Aggravation.—Afternoons, evenings; especially at night. Amelioration.—During rest, and in warm room. BORAX. Q17 BORAX. Biborate of Soda. Habitat: Europe, Asia, etc. Mineral. Trituration and Aqueous solution. Antidotes.—Camphor, Coffea. (Avgravated by Acids and Wine.) Through the organic nervous system, Borax has four special centers of action: I. Mucous MemBranes. Aphthous Inflammation. . Il Skriv. Unhealthy; Slight Injuries Suppurate. Til. Sexvat Orcans, Women. Eecbolic; Stimulates Menstruation. IV. Locatry. Powerful Antiseptic and Disinfectant. Mucous Membranes.—Borax produces aphthous inflamma- tion, especially of the buccal cavity and anus, which is probably caused by an undue generation of acid, the result of the fermenta- tion of the food in the prime vie. Skin.—Slight injuries suppurate, and the skin is unhealthy, from an acid state of the blood, producing pruriginous eruptions. Sexual Organs, Female.—Many physicians believe Borax to be a real ecbolic. It certainly exerts a stimulating action upon the uterus; and Dr. Golding Bird has seen it produce abortion twice. Pereira says it promotes menstruation; alleviates the pain ; facilitates parturition ; allaying the pain, and favoring the expulsion of the placenta and lochia. Locally.—Recent investigations have revealed that Borax is a powerful antiseptic and disinfectant. It is a direct poison to the lower forms of life; 0.75 per cent of Boracic acid is sufficient to prevent the development of bacteria; and some day it will have a wide range in antiseptic surgery. It is readily dissolved in water, which makes it still more useful. Therapeutic Individuality. In excessively acid people, especially children, Borax will pro- duce, at once, an alkaline blood pabulum, and strike at the cause of all the suffering. 218 BORAX. “Very important in many cases of difficult dentition, and. catarrhal affections of little children.” —F. “Very nervous; can not sleep well; starts at the least noise.”—G. “Can not bear a downward motion, as in a swing, in a rocking- chair, or in running down stairs.” —G. “Child can not bear a downward motion, not even during sleep; the downward motion of even putting it into bed, or cradle, will surely awaken it” (G.) “or lifting up its feet to put on a di-. aper.”"—F, Digestive Organs.—Aphthe that appear suddenly; the whole: buceal cavity covered with the white fungous growth, which seems to be limited to the mouth and fauces. The 1st dec. will act like a charm; or, better still, small pieces of the Borax may be held. in the mouth and let slowly dissolve. Cures at once. “Great heat and dryness of the mouth.”—G. “Aphthex, the child frequently lets go of the nipple; showing: signs of pain in the mouth from nursing.”—G. The child can not nurse, the aphthous inflammation is so painful. (Use dry powder in the mouth.) Child has much colic and indigestion, and is extremely nerv-: ous, from excessive acidity. “When there are four or five diarrheic stools a day, of a light: yellow color, or watery, the stools being largely mixed with mu- cus, the stomach being excessively sour, without any great. emaciation, Borax is decidedly in its place.”—Baehr. “Frequent, soft, light yellow, slimy stools, with faintness and. debility.” —G. Sexual Organs, Female.—In acid women, with aphthous. abrasions of the os uteri and vagina, with acid leucorrheea, pro-: ducing intense prurigo. “White, thick, pasty leucorrhea.”—Hah. “White, albuminous leucorrhea, with a sensation as of warm. water flowing.” —G. “Menses too soon, too profuse, attended with nausea, colic, and pain extending from the stomach to the small of the back,. with sharp pains in the groins.”—G. “Pain from the stomach to the small of the back, before the menses.”—G. “Membranous dysmenorrhea in large doses, three to five: grains of the crude drug.”—Dr. E. A. Lodge. [Dr. Hale has con- BORAX. . 219° firmed this in one case; but I have tried it in a number of cases,. and every time it was nil.] “HKasy conception during the use of Borax, observed in five women.”—Hah. [Confirmed many times.] “A woman, sterile for fourteen years, from acid leucorrhea,, received Borax and became pregnant. The leucorrhea im- proved.” —Hah. : Labor-pains are accompanied by violent and frequent eructay tions. “Stitching through the right pectoral region, musty expecto- ration, connected with menstruation. (Borax will almost surely. help.)’"—H. N. Martin, M.D “Acne, in plethoric young females. (Used locally.)”—Hughes.. For pruritus pundendi and eczema of the vulva, one teaspoon- ful of the Boracic acid dissolved in one pint of water, used hot,, will be found of great value. The hot water with the Borax. renders the lotion far more efficacious than if cold were used. Generalities.—Hoarseness. Dr. Carson finds that a piece of Borax the size of a pea, dissolved in the mouth, acts magically in. restoring the voice Locally, Boracic acid is of great service in many skin diseases.. Borax has been much employed as a cosmetic to remove freckles and discolorations of the skin; half a drachm to half an ounce of. water. Child wakes at 8 a. in.; can not fall asleep again, feels so hot. and feverish. Aggravation.—Morning, and in warm weather. Amelioration.—Evening, and in cold weather. 220 BRYONIA ALBA. BRYONIA ALBA. White Bryonia. Habitat: Europe, etc. Fresh plant, gathered before inflorescence; Class I, Antidotes.—Acon., Camph., Coff., Rhus, Cham., Seneg.. Nux vom., Alum., Puls. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Bryonia has four special centers of action: I. Srerovs MemBranes. Rheumatoid Inflammation; Effusions. Il. Mvccovs Memprayes. Arrested Secretions. III. Muscutar System. Rheumatoid Inflammation. IV. Circutation. Accelerated. Temperature Elevated. Serous Membranes.— Bryonia produces inflammation of a torpid, rheumatic character, followed by serous effusion. It selects, especially, parenchymatous organs inclosed in serous membranes, especially affecting the pleure of the lungs and of the thorax; next in order the arachnoid; then the synovial membranes, liver, peritoneum, kidneys, and muscular fiber. The powerful and specific influence it has over serous membranes and muscu- lar fiber, with its fever and sour sweats, all point to its rheumatic base. It is believed that most cases of inflammation affecting serous membranes are of a rheumatic character ; and this shows us why Bryonia is so useful in diseases of serous membranes. Of the two chief viscera enfolded by the peritoneum, the liver is much more affected than the kidneys, with tensive, burning pains over the liver, with jaundice. “If you will read the autopsies of the animals poisoned at Vienna, this fact will abundantly appear. In the first, the pleure were injected and full of serum, and the peritoneum and arach- noid only were reddened ; but, in the sixth, the pleure were as in the first, and the pericardial vessels were injected. Correspond- ingly, the provers have the characteristic pleuritic pains, with fever ; and, although the symptoms of the head, heart, and abdo- men, are undecisive, they at least do not forbid the supposition of an affection of their respective serous membranes. Moreover, those close allies of the serous sacs, the synovial membranes, which are more easily affected by drug action, give plain indica- _ BRYONIA ALBA. QOL tion of suffering from Bryonia. The joints swell and become tender, especially those of the fingers. “It is curious, that, of all the serous membranes, the pleure are the most readily influenced by Bryonia; so, of all the viscera, the lungs are those which suffer most. The short, quick, and op- pressed breathing, with heat and pain in the chest, experienced by the provers, finds its interpretation in the phenomena pre- sented by the poisoned animals. In these, the lungs were always ~ of deeper color, with diminished crepitation, while in two the lower lobes were hepatized. “Next to the lungs, the brain is the organ which shows most signs of being affected by Bryonia. There is no perversion of the sensorial functions, as with Belladonna, and the determination of blood does not pass beyond the stage of congestion. But up to this point it is very well marked; and the provers get a hot and red face, with headache (generally frontal), sense of weight and fullness, vertigo, and often epistaxis."—Hughes. Noack and Trinks say: “Bryonia excites both the peripheral nerves and capillary vessels, thus giving rise to symptoms inter- mediate between inflammation and nervous irritation. It has striking relations with serous membranes, and is especially suita- ble in hyperemia of the latter. Bryonia is especially indicated in affections where resorption is required ; in typhoid infiltrations, serous effusions, and sanguineous exudations.” Mucous Membranes.—Bryonia especially affects the large intestines, producing an atonic, dry mucous surface, with consti- pation ; or intense colitis, with muco-bloody stools, as found in dysentery. Pever’s glands are also affected similarly as in en- teric fever, where Bryonia has gained so many laurels. Hahnemann says: “Bryonia is one of the few remedies, of which the primary action is to diminish the intestinal excretion and peristaltic action; and there is no desire for stool.” Dr. R. Hughes says: “Bryonia is an acrid. and hence large doses can not but irritate the alimentary mucous membrane. Accordingly, we have in the provers sore throat, vomiting and diar- rhea, with colic and flatulence; in animals, an aphthous mouth, and ulcers in the stomach and intestines. But the essential phenomena of Bryonia in the gastro-intestinal sphere do not seem to depend upon irritation of the mucous membrane. They are water-brash (with this, there is the characteristic contractive pain at the lower end of the esophagus), bitter risings and vom- itings, pressure on the stomach, feeling of load as if a stone were there, and constipation.” 229, BRYONIA ALBA. “The respiratory mucous membrane is unquestionably affected by Bryonia; though I doubt whether the irritation extends lower than the first division of the bronchi. The symptoms (pain, -cough), whenever located, are referred to the trachea and its bifur- cation; and these parts only were found injected in the poisoned - animals. The pneumonia set up by Bryonia was never associated: with bronchitis; in this, it is strikingly different from that of Tartar emetic and Phosphorus. If Bryonia causes nasal catarrh, it is dry, and the cough has little expectoration, and is continu- ous, irritating, and violent, often causing retching, and pains in ‘the walls of the chest.”—Hughes. The foolish repetition of M. Curie’s statement, that Bryonia causes pseudo-membranous formation in the trachea, claiming it to be a dynamic effect of the drug, I am sorry to say, has carried the astute mind of Dr. R. Hughes to make a gross error. Never was a more nonsensical thing palmed off on the profession. In poi- soning animals with such large doses of tinctures, great quantities of the drug pass down the trachea; and, through its mechanical irritation, it produces this pseudo-membrane. I produced most beautiful specimens of this effect with Baptisia and Robinia, in ‘dogs, the whole length of the trachea, and found alcohol would do the same thing. At first, I was delighted, but soon learned that, practically, it amounted to nothing; and any man who pins his faith on curing membranous croup, or any pseudo-membrane, with Bryonia, will have the reward of making out a death certiti- cate. Muscular System.—“In one of the animals poisoned with Bryonia at Vienna, where a very minute autopsy was made by a practical pathologist, it is noticed that the substance of the heart and the muscles of the neck were intensely red. Putting this together with the soreness and the pain on motion experienced by the provers in so many parts of the body, even to the produc- tion of pleurodynia and lumbago, I venture to set down our drug as a specific irritant to muscular. fiber. As we have no other medicine with such an action, we must not lose even the hint of it supplied by these facts.”—Hughes. Therapeutic Individuality. Bryonia is the sovereign remedy for all inflammations that have advanced to the stage of serous effusion. This action ex- ‘tends over all the serous membranes. BRYONIA ALBA. 223 Hempel says: “Bryonia is particularly adapted to inflamma- tions of a torpid character, when developing themselves trom a rheumatic base; or, in acute inflammations which threaten to pass into the stage of exudation or paralysis, with a small, soft, or even compressible and somewhat accelerated pulse.” Dr. C. Dunham says: “Bryonia’s action, as appears from the proving, is exerted chiefly upon the nervous system of animal life, presiding over ratiocination and voluntary motion ; upon the gastro-intestinal regions producing various perversions of diges- tion, a deficient intestinal secretion, and a form of constipation, and, moreover, the symptoms of a well-marked hepatitis. Upon the respiratory mucous membrane, the action of Bryonia, though evident, is subordinate. The serous membranes of the large cavities, and of the joints, and the ligaments, are eminently affected. Finally, the female sexual organs are in such wise af- fected that menorrhagia is produced, the discharge being florid. “The secretions from the intestinal surfaces are diminished; the capillary circulation somewhat impeded in the mucous mem- branes, but particularly so in the serous membranes which line the closed cavities of the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and joints. As a sequel of this impediment, we have effusion (so called) into the cavities.” In all diseases, the great charasteretic for Bryonia is stitch- ing, tearing pains, greatly aggravated by motion, relieved by rest, and worse at night. People with a choleric temperament, bilious tendency, dark hair and complexion, with firm, fleshy fiber. Head.—Exceedingly irritable; everything makes him angry. Headache as if it would split open; greatly aggravated by motion, opening the eyes, or stooping; relieved by pressure and closing the eyes. Congestive headache as if the forehead would burst open, ‘sometimes with epistaxis. Confusion of the head, a distracted state of the sensorium. When we consider this symptom in conjunction with the peculiar febrile symptoms, the lassitude, etc., we shall perceive its signifi- cance. “Great heaviness of the whole head; weight upon the vertex. Vertigo when fasting, when standing, and especially on first rising from a seat, compelling to sit, often conjoined with head- ache in the occiput, aggravated by motion.”—D. 224 BRYONIA ALBA. “The majority of the head symptoms of Bryonia refer to the occiput; and we shall tind it more frequently called for in head- ache involving the occiput. The pathologico-anatomical results of Bryonia-poisoning are: Redness of the diploe, injection of the inner surface of the cranium, congestion of the membranes. A section of the cerebral substances is dotted here and there with blood.”—D. “The head symptoms point to inflammation of the brain; but I think the character of the fever and of the affection of the sen- sorium is such as to show that it is not likely to be a remedy in pure idiopathic encephalitis. If a remedy in encephalitis at all, i; must be in those cases in which meningitis has supervened,. by metastasis or otherwise, from some miasmatic or exanthematic disease.”—Zlatarovich. “Bryonia is of great value in simple non-inflammatory con- gestion of the brain, arising from suppressed menstruation; exposure to intense cold, sea-sickness, or long-lasting constipa- tion.” —Hughes. Eyes.—Eyes very sore, and feel as if they would be pressed out of the head; fear of the future. Rheumatic iritis, ciliary neuralgia. Choroiditis; serous, exudative form. Rheumatic hy- peremia of optic nerve and retina. Nose.—F requent bleeding of the nose, when the menses should appear; frequent epistaxis. (Very valuable.) Face.—Swollen, red, hot, and puffed; eyes closed; erysipel- atous. Mouth.—Lips dry and cracked; patient wants to wet them with his tongue all the time. “Desire for things that can not be had, or which are refused or not wanted when offered.” —G. Tongue coated grayish, or thickly yellow, with lips dry and cracked ; or dry, brown tongue. “Motion more or less constant, of the jaws, as if chewing some- thing; lips dry and cracked.”—G. Shooting pains in the teeth. The mouth is unusually dry, with thirst. Everything tastes bitter. Stomach.—‘Can not sit up, from nausea and faintness.” —G. “Food is thrown up immediately after eating, with constipa- tion, and the lips dry and cracked.”—G. BRYONIA ALBA. 225 Pressure in the pit of the stomach, as if there was a stone in it; goes off with much eructation ; lasts two hours. Bitter or sour eructations, with sour vomiting. Stomach becomes extremely sensitive to the touch or pressure. Abdomen.—‘ Pressure in the epigastrium, worse after eating and when walking; this pain sometimes extends all over the abdomen.”—D. . . “Pains, stitching and shooting, in both sides of the abdomen, the stitches most frequent in the region of the spleen; aggravated by motion.”—D. Tensive, burning pains in the hepatic region. Peritonitis, with sticking, burning pains; abdomen very sore to the touch, with constipation. Zlatarovich calls especial attention to the tenderness of the abdominal walls generally; to. the burning pains along the con- nection of the diaphragm with the ribs; to the sensitiveness of the hepatic region to the touch and on deep inspiration; also to the fact that Bryonia diminishes the intestinal secretions, weakens the peristaltic action of the bowels, and retards the stool. In- flammation of the liver, with stitching pains, worse by motion ; the liver sometimes is much enlarged. Stool.—Diarrhea in the morning, soon as she moves. Diarrheea brought on by cold drinks in warm weather. Burn- ing diarrhcea (acid) ; worse in hot weather. “Diarrhoea worse every spell of hot weather.”—G. Dysentery, much tormina; stools of mucus and blood, or pure blood; with low typhoid symptoms. Constipation, stools dry and hard as if burnt. Stool large, solid, evacuated with great difficulty, frequently attended by prolapsus of the rectum, sometimes attended with alternate diarrhea and constipation. Urinary Organs.—The urine red, hot, and diminished in quantity. Sexual Organs, Female.—Bryonia uniformly hastens the coming on of the menses, and increases the flow. “Frequent bleeding of the nose when the menses should ap- pear.”—G. During menstruation, has tearing pains in the abdomen and legs, aggravated by motion. 226 BRYONIA ALBA. Milk Ferer.—“Bryonia is one of our most valuable remedies in this fever; for it is one in which chill predominates; it is a mixture of chill and fever, the chill much in excess; and, more- over, the gland which isthe seat of the pain becomes rapidly sore and sensitive to touch or motion. Bryonia is the foremost remedy in inflammation of the mamme during lactation.”—D Stony hardness of the mamme. Respiratory Organs.-—‘ We lay great stress on the fact, that, in the Bryonia catarrh, the mucous secretion is diminished ; be- cause a great majority of the symptoms which are considered to indicate Bryonia derive their significance from this fact, and it will serve to keep themin memory: They are, hoarseness, hack- ing cough, which sets in, especially in the morning and evening; generally dry, or yielding but a little tenacious mucus, which is * sometimes streaked with blood, and sometimes causes retching and vomiting; with stitching pains in the chest, and pressive pains in the head.”—Dr. Wurmb. Violent catarrh, involving the pleura, with stitching pains, greatly aggravated by deep inspiration, or motion. Dr. Dunham says: “It is very characteristic of the Bryonia cough, that, while coughing, the patient presses his hand upon the sternum, as though he needed to support the chest during the violent exertion ; and the parts which are the seat of subjective pain become subsequently sensitive to external pressure.” Tough, scanty, bloody expectoration. Can not expand the chest, by reason of the stitching. Pains in the sides of the thorax, with dry cough, which seems to come from the stomach. Pleuro-pneumonia. Bryonia is almost a specific; and, in the second stage of pleurisy, after the stage of serous effusion has -commenced, no remedy can equal Bryonia. Fever —Cold, chilly sensations predominate in fevers calling for Bryonia, showing that the posterior portion of the spinal col- -umn is especially affected. Boenninghausen describes the Bryonia fever as follows: “Pulse hard, frequent, and tense; chill and coldness predominate, often with heat of the head, red cheeks and thirst; chill with external coldness of the body; chill and coldness most at evening, or on the right side of the body; chill more in the room than in the open air; dry, burning heat, for the most part only internally, and as if the blood burned in the veins. “All the symptoms aggravated during the heat. Sour sweat.” BRYONIA ALBA. 227 The action of Bryonia upon the serous and fibrous tiscue, as shown by the stitching, tearing pains, makes this drug one of our most important remedies in rheumatism. Its symptoms of the extremities simulate a muscular rheumatism; while its action upon the joints shows it to be still more appropriate to articular rheumatism. The joints are much swollen and reddened; streaks of red extending up and down the limb; very sensitive to touch, and especially aggravated by motion, and not apt to change its location. Back.—Here we have a variety of rheumatoid symptoms; as “sticking, jerking, pressing pains between the scapule, and ex- tending thence through to the epigastrium when sitting; pain in the lumbar region and sacral region as if beaten; stiffness, tear- ing, and tenderness in the joints and muscles of the lumbar. region, which prevent motion and stooping; these are felt most when standing or sitting, and not so much when lying.”—D. Upper Limbs.—‘The limbs and the joints swell, become red, and are very sensitive to touch or motion, but are relieved by warmth ; the small joints pain as if luxated.”—D. “Painful pressure in the right shoulder when at rest, with tear- ing pains in inner surface of fore-arms; stitching pains from slightest motion.”—Hah. Lower Limbs.—Here all the symptoms point to rheumatism ; as weariness, heaviness and stiffness of all the joints. “Great painfulness of right thigh; the pain comes from the head of femur and extends along the anterior surface of thigh to knee. Synovitis of knee-joint; red, swollen, excessively painful to touch and on motion; effusion into joints.” —D. Bruised pain in calf of leg ; hot swelling of the ankles and feet ; joints very stiff; stretching out or motion is excessively painful ; acute inflammatory rheumatism. Limbs so weak is compelled to sit down; legs tremble, and the knees knock together. Swelling of the ankles and feet; pain as if sprained. Acute inflammatory rheumatism, with all its symptoms. Every spot in the body is painful on pressure. Agegravation.—Motion greatly aggravates the pains of Bry- onia; also cold; mental excitement; sitting up; noises; and at night. Amelioration.—During rest ; warmth of bed; warm weather ; after perspiration, and in the day-time. 228 CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS. CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS. Night Bleoming Cereus. Habitat: West Indies, Mexico, etc. Tincture of the young twigs and flowers, Class IIL. Antidotes.—Acon., Camph., Cinch., Bry., Rhus tox. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cactus has three special centers of action: I. Crre’n. Stimulation; Contraction of Circular Arterial Fibers. II. Pneumocastric NERVE. Paresis; Acid Stomach. III. Muscutar System. Rheumatoid Inflammation. Heart and Arteries.—Cactus is a special irritant of the heart, and controls its action through the ganglia of that organ. It also especially acts upon the first cervical ganglion, that con- trols the circulation of the brain. Through this, it affects the cir- cular fibers of the heart and arteries; causing irritability, hyper- sesthesia, neuralgia, spasm, and palpitation of the heart. Pneumogastrics.—By its action upon the pneumogastric nerve, Cactus affects the heart, lungs, and stomach; producing, . in the stomach, indigestion and excessive acidity; in the lungs, constriction and asthma. Therapeutic Individuality. In all diseases calling for Cactus, there will be more or less irregularity of the heart’s action, with great nervous excitement, and palpitation in the scrobiculus. Debilitated people, with indigestion, and a feeling of constric- tion, or as if an iron band were around the heart, preventing its. normal action. - Palpitation of the heart day and night, with great melancholy, from indigestion. Sense of contraction in all parts of the body. Difficulty in breathing, with great nervous excitability. Rheumatic diseases where there is more or less cardiac dis- turbance and the central organ of circulation is at fault. CALCAREA CARBONICA. 229 Pressive headache in the vertex during the menopausia. - Dr. Rubina claims that it does not weaken the nervous system like Aconite,.while at the same time it relieves congestion and re- moves irritations similarly to Aconite. . Aggravation.—Morning, evening, and from motion. Amelioration.—In open air. CALCAREA CARBONICA. Carbonate of Lime Chemical preparation from Oyster shell. Trituration. Antidotes.—Nitric acid, Sulphur, Nux vomica, Camphor. Mercury. Through the great vegetative nervous system, Calcarea has five special centers of action : I]. Ossxous System. Non-Ossification, Rachitis, and Caries. I. Lympaatic GLanpuLAR System. Atony and Hypertrophy. Il. Skin. Pale, Atonic, Flabby; Copious Perspiration. IV. Mucous Mempranes. Catarrhal Mucorrhea. VV... Buoop. Hydremia; Anemia; Water Increased. Osseous System, Including Cartilages. —'l'he Carbonate and especially the Phosphate, of Lime, is a necessary constituent of all the tissues of the body, both hard and soft. It forms more than fifty per cent of the substance of the bone and teeth, and gives them their solidity ; to the soft and growing tissues, muscles, and nerves, Lime is an essential food, promoting cell growth and nutrition; and it is found in abundance in the inter-cellular fluid of the body; also, in smaller quantities, in the blood. Dr. Ringer says, that in the herbivora the inter-cellular fluid is as rich in this salt as in the carnivora, though the vegetable feed- ers take so little of it with their food; hence it must be carefully retained in the inter-cellular fluid for some important purpose. Schmidt’s observations show that a certain quantity of Phos- phate,of Lime is required to supply the first basis for the new tis- sues, even in the case of those organs which subsequently exhibit 230 CALCAREA CARBONICA. an excess of Carbonate of Lime, as the shells of animals ; an obser- vation showing that the Phosphate of Lime is necessary to initiate growth, and, in this respect, is not interchangeable with the Car- bonate. Wherever cell-growth is active, there is Phosphate of Lime in excess,—a statement holding good both with regard to healthy and diseased growths; for this salt is found to prevail in disease associated with rapid formation. Phosphate of Lime is soluble in acids ; and, as the inter-cellular fluid is acid, we should therefore expect that the Phosphate would -accumulate in it; and a portion of these Lime salts may unite in the body and form Phosphoric acid. The withdrawal of the salts of Lime from the body produces an atonic state of the vegetative nervous system, thereby caus- ing imperfect ossification from lack of Phosphate of Lime, as found in children with slow dentition, late closing of the font- anelles, walking at a late date, caries, and a general state of ra- chitis. According to Roloff, a herd of cows which had been fed upon hay from a certain meadow, were very much out of health, and suffered from fragilitas ossiwum. On examination, the hay was found to be nearly free from earthy salts; and, upon bone meal being given to the cows, they recovered their health in four weeks. Haubner affirms that cattle fed exclusively upon potatoes, or upon roots very poor in phosphates, fail to fatten, become weak, and are apt to suffer from caries; but if the Phosphate of Calcium is given, they rapidly improve. Boker has found, that, when Lime salts are given to wet-nurses whose milk contains an abnormally small amount of phosphates, the milk soon becomes rich in the earthy salts. Lime should not be taken out of the food of man or animals. If it is, sooner or later they waste, sicken, and die. In the ligaments and white structures that have but little vitality or blood, and are nourished by lymph, obstructions and non-development predominate. Lymphatic Glandular System.—The lymphatic glandular system in general, and the mesenteric glands in particular, are in an atonic, hypertrophied condition, as found in tabes mesenterica : a general disorder of the secondary assimilation prevails, and the digestion of food and its metamorphosis into blood and tis- sue do not proceed as they should do. Consequently, there follows a large class of diseases due to disorders of the secondary assimi- lation, scrofula, tuberculosis, and the like. CALCAREA CARBONICA. 231 “M. Seissier has found, that, in the early stages of phthisis, there is a very great increase in the excretion of the earthy phos- phates by the kidneys; and the researches of Prof. Beneke are said to have shown that this increased renal elimination, which plainly occurs in several allied diseases, is not accompanied by any increase in the amount ingested in the food, or decrease of the amount eliminated by the intestines, and that, consequently, there is very decided wasting of the normal phosphates of the body. This being so, the use of Phosphates in these diseases is as rational as that of Iron in anemia."—Dr. H.C. Wood. Goiter, or bronchocele, is a prominent effect of Lime taken to excess in the system hy the use of water impregnated with Line salts. Skin.—Pale, dry, and flabby; hair dry and looks like tow: head and upper part of the body perspire profusely: feet per- spire, and feel as ifthey had cold, damp stockings upon them con- tinually. Unhealthy skin; it often ulcerates from the slightest cause. Mucous Membranes. — Catarrhal inflammation, with in- creased secretion of mucus. In all parts of the svstem where we have mucous membranes. Blood.—Calcarea produces hydremia. anemia, and general lack of the red corpuscles, with increase of the water from imper- fect assimilation of food. Therapeutic Individuality. This remedy is especially adapted to constitutional diseases of scrofulous people, and is particularly suitable for women and chil- dren of leuco-phlesmatie temperament. where the assimilation of the digested food and its change into tissue do not proceed as they should. Children with dry, flabby skin; large, open fontanelles ; much perspiration in large drops on the head, which wets the pillow far around where the child is sleeping; and fragilitas ossium. “Pair and pale children, the muscles soft and flabby ; hair dry, and looks like tow.”—G. ' People that are weakly in general; walking produces great fatigue in going up stairs, is out of breath; has to sit down to breathe. 252, CALCARKA CARBOUNICA. The feet perspire, and feel constantly as if they had ou cold, damp stockings. Tendency to early obesity. “The activity of the lymph glands is not proportional to the capacity for assimilation; oxidation is imperfect ; hence, there is a rapid deposit of fat in cellular tissue, especially about the abdomeu; but tissues are imperfectly nour- ished; though apparently robust, he is really sickly ; his plethora is apparent; his blood is watery, and contains too many white corpuscles.”—Dr. H. A. Farrington. Cold, damp air seems to go right through the patient, and he is constantly taking cold; much emaciation; and in children with bloated abdomen. Hughes says: “Calcarea is indicated, not in primary, but in secondary, disorders of assimilation. These are scrofula; tuber- culosis, and rachitis. It is useful for rachitis, difficult dentition, imperfect ossification ; delay of the power of walking; for scrof- ula, adenitis, mesenteric disease, chronic diarrhea, eruptions, etc.” “It is peculiar to Calcarea that the head very easily becomes cold, and seems affected thereby, so that headache results, and the integuments of that particular part become sensitive. A mus- cular strain produces headache.”—D. Head.—Vertigo on running up stairs is a marked symptom. “Fear of going crazy, or that people will see her, and suppose her to be crazy.” —Hg. “Anxiousness, shuddering. and awe, as soon as the evening comes on. As often as the patient falls asleep, the same disagree- able feelings arouse him.”—Hg. Head too large; fontanelles not closing; great accumulation of dandruff on the top, with copious perspiration of the head and upper part of the body. “Chronic headache depending upon brain-fag ; the pain is dull: worse in the morning, and the head often cold.” —Hughes. Much mental trouble about imaginary things. “Great fear, as if located in the epigastrium, causing a sensa- tion as if from a shock.”—Jahr. “Heavy, aching, pressing headaches: worse by reading and stooping ; stooping produces a bewildered sensation.”—G. “A feeling of congestion alternating with a sensation of icy coldness in the head.”——D. Eyes.—Chronic scrofulous conjunctivitis, with excessive secre- tion of mucus in the eyes (marked symptom); lids very much swollen; great lachrymation and vhotophobia. CALUARKA CARBUNICA. 33 Dimness of the cornea; all objects look as if seen through a mist; ulceration and opacities of the cornea. Long-lasting supra-orbital neuralgia. The curative sphere of Calcarea is very extended in sub-acute and chronic diseases of the eye, depending mainly upon the gen- eral cachexia of the patient. -Kars.—Chronic otitis in scrofulous children, with much muco- purulent discharve; noises; deafness, and sputtering sound in the ears. Mouth.— Tongue coated and white; sides blistered. “Sour taste in the mouth, or of food ; sour vomiting, especially in children during dentition, and sour diarrhvea.”—Hy. Toothache from cold water, or cold air; slow dentition. Stomach.—‘ Acid dyspepsia, most obstinate cases; the fount of acid seems inexhaustible.”—Hughes. Everything eaten rises acid, especially fats, oil, or sugar. “Longing for eees, particularly with clildven, in sickness, or durmg convalescence.”—Hqg. “The tongue is sore at the tip, sides, or dorsum, so that she can scarcely eat.”—G. “Vomiting of the ingesta, which tastes sour.”—Lippc. “In cholera infantum ; excessive acidity of the stomach, and partial or total deficiency of biliary secretions.”—Bachr. “Swelling over the pit of the stomach, like a saucer turned bottom up.”—G. [Very characteristic.! Stool.—“Copious, watery. sour-smelling diarrhcea is the surest indication for Calcarea.”—Baehr. Painless, putrid, sour-smelling diarrhoea, worse evenings. “Ae “White, chalk-like stools.”—G. [Abdomen bloated.] “Chronic diarrhoea, clay-like stools.” —Hghes. “Feeling of coldness in the abdomen and thighs,’ cd, “Can not bear tight clothing around the hypochondria.’ ta Kidneys.—“There are involuntary emissions of urine when walking.”—G. Urine has a brown. bloody, or white sediment. Sexual Organs, Male.—“Calcarea increases sexual desire and provokes emissions, but unusual weakness follows indulgence, and ejaculation is tardy.”——-D. “When, during coition, erections are of too short duration, 234 CALCAREA CARBONICA. showing weakness of the spinal cord, Calearea will strengthen ; especially if there is burning and stinging while the semen is dis- charged.”—Dr. W. M. McGeorge. Spermatorrhewa, where there is excessive weakness, in young people growing rapidly. (Use the C M dilution.) Sexual Organs, Female.—‘“The history of the case shows that the menses have been too profuse, return too often and too soon.”—G. [Very characteristic.] “The least excitement causes the menses to return.”—G. Profuse albuminous, milk-like cervical leucorrhea, with great lassitude from loss of albumen. “The least excitement causes a return of the menses. _@. “Finds it difficult to stand, on account of a pressing-down as if the internal organs would press out.”—G. Profuse leucorrheea, like milk, with chronic catarrhal vaginal inflammation, with much aching in the vagina. Breasts.—These are “distended ; milk scanty; she is cold, and there seems to be want of vitality to bring the milk forward,”—G. (Especially in large, lymphatic, flabby women.] “Healthy women, with deficient and defective lactation; chil- dren die early, with diarrhoea and convulsions.” —H. Goullon. Respiratory Organs.—This is one of the most useful remedies in the Materia Medica for tuberculosis. Dry, tickling cough, aggravated by speaking, with excessive debility ; loss of breath from ascending a height, and constant in- clination to take cold. “Cough, with rattling of mucus in the bronchi, ageravated mornings.”—G. [Worse from cold, damp air.] Hemoptysis, with ulceration of the lungs; great emaciation and debility, with constant inclination to take cold at every change of the weather. . Great emaciation ; abdomen bloated, and the least cold goes through and through the patient. Hectic fever, with copious perspiration of the head and chest, and sensitive to cold air. Much aching of the chest, with oppressive breathing; sudden stitches, especially between the scapule. Generalities.—Very difficult to sleep at night, and sleepy during the day. “Sweat copious by day, during ae also at night, and early in bed, then chiefly on the limbs.” — CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. 235 Copious night sweats, especially in children. In children, the glands of the neck are enlarged, with dry, flabby skin, and cold, damp feet. Chronic urticaria, especially in fat children. “Children and sucklings become thick and gross as if fat, but are pale and unhealthy.”—D. Grauvogl recommends Calearea highly, for mothers whose children die with hydrocephalus, to be given to the mother dur- ing gestation, as a preventive; and many physicians have used successfully this “nutrition remedy,” enabling parents to raise children, who could not without the use of the Lime salts. Limbs very weak; children learn to walk very slowly; feet perspire constantly, as if had on cold, damp stockings. Aggravation.—From cold, damp east winds; from getting wet; when ascending heights; lying down with the limbs hang- ing; from loss of fluids; and from light in general. Amelioration.—In dry, warm weather; after breakfast, and from loosening the garments. CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. Common English Marigold. Habitat: Europe, Asia, etc. The herb in bloom, Class I. Through the cerebro-spinal vaso-motor nervous system, Calendula has one special center of action: I. Vaso-Moror System. Arterial Capillary Paralysis. Arterial Capillary Vessels.—Through the vaso-motor nerves. the capillary vessels become partially paralyzed, and conse- quently receive more blood than usual. From this increused irritation, which attracts a large amount of colorless corpuscles, together with the viscosity, or adhesive qualities, of these cor- puscles, we get adhesive inflammation that is most beautifully shown us in lacerated wounds, in which, when Calendula is used, we get union by first intention, without suppuration. 236 CAMPHORA. Therapeutic Individuality. Cut and lacerated wounds heal by first intention, in a most wonderful and marvelous manner, when this remedy is used locally and internally. Locally, the cerate will be found of great value where Calendula is indicated. CAMPHORA. Laurus Camphor. Habitat: Asia, etc. Alcoholic attenuation, Class II. Antidotes.—Wine, Opium, Amyl, Niter sp. dule. (Coffee increases its action.) Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Camphor has five special centers of action : I. Curesro-Spinat 8. Sensory and Motor Spasm and Paralysis. IL Crrcunation. Stimulated; Chills Predominate. ILL Dierstive Oreans. Stimulation. TV. Urinary Orcans. Retention of Urine; Strangury. V. Sexuat Orcans. Increased Desire; Complete Impotence. Cerebrum and Spinal Cord.—Camphor especially affects the brain and sentient nervous system, as well as the motor nerves, and through these the muscular system; as shown by the vertigo, mental confusion, coma, and convulsions. Dr. Harley says its etfects “are chiefly those of sedation of the motor and ideational centers of the cerebrum, with much giddiness.” ei From the effect of Camphor upon the sentient nervous system, and through that upon the vascular, is derived its chill-producing power, in which we have its most useful field of action. As chill and depression are the most prominent effects of Camphor, it should be called our cold remedy; even in the fever following, chilliness predominates throughout. Pneumogastric.—Through this the heart, lungs, and stom- ach are acted upon. By its action upon the heart, moderate doses quicken and strengthen the pulse, while large doses slacken and weaken the pulse. i CAMPHORA. 237 Wood says: “The action of toxic doses of Camphor upon the circulation is decided. In poisoned frogs, the cardiac beats be- come slow and powerful; and, as Hubner found that Camphor was able to excite the heart when arrested by Muscarin, it is probable that its action is upon the heart itself. In the extended researches of Weideman, it was found, that, in the couvulsive stage of Camphor-poisoning, there is a very marked rise of the arterial pressure, which is largely due to the convulsions and dis- turbance of breathing, as it is in a measure prevented by Curari- zation and artificial respiration. Under these circumstances, however, sudden periodical elevations of all the arterial pressure. occur. The cause of this phenomenon is nct obvious, as Weide- man affirms that it is prevented by section either of the cord or vagi. As, after section of the cord, toxic doses of Camphor lessen the arterial pressure, it would seem probable that it is directly- depressant to the heart.” Stille says: “The direct and primary action of large doses of Camphor, twenty to sixty grains, is a powerful, but not a perma- nent, sedation of the nervous and vascular systems, followed by ataxic phenomena, and remotely by slight fever. “The direct and primary action of small doses, one to fifteen grains, is to stimulate and excite the nervous and vascular sys- tems, and through them the whole organism ; but the excitement is of short duration, and is not followed by exhaustion or depres- sion.” “According to Sachs and Dulk, Camphor, in medicinal doses, excites the general sensibility, but in a particular manner the sen-. sibility of the vascular system; and Murray declares that it is. evidently stimulant. Vogt is of opinion, that, if we add the re-. sults of physiological experiment to those of clinical observa- tion, no doubt can remain of the stimulant qualities of Camphor. He thinks, indeed, that no other stimulant of the same class is. comparable with it, and that, in the extremest state of debility, Camphor is sometimes successful when all other medicines are fruitlessly employed. Camphor, says Richter, evidently be-. longs to the class of oleo-ethereal medicines, and, like those, acts as a powerful stimulant. It is by far the strongest and most. searching medicine of its class, from all the rest of which it is distinguished by its rapid, durable, and widespread action on the nervous system. When the powers of life are low, and the skin is moistened with a cold sweat, it is often the most efficient of remedies. Oecesterlen, and also Neumann, contend for the excit- ant properties of Camphor. The latter declares it to be diapho- 238 CAMPHORA. retic and antispasmodic, and that, in fine, it is one of the most thorough and active stimulants. Mitscherlich infers, from a re- view of numerous recorded experiments, that the sedation pro- duced by very large doses of Camphor depends upon its local action within the stomach, while the subsequent excitation is due to the absorption and circulation of the particles. Pereira af- firms, that, in moderate doses, it exhilarates and acts as a vas- cular excitant. Dr. Chapman is of opinion that ‘few medicines more unequivocally display their stimulant powers,’ and Eberle states that he has several times taken scruple doses of Camphor, and found the pulse slightly increased in fullness, while he expe- rienced giddiness and fullness about the head.” —Stille. Lungs.—“Ten to thirty grains produce great paleness of the skin ; dimness of vision ; frequent and oppressed breathing; less- ened, unequal, and intermittent pulse, with frequent rigors. Some are seized with death-like coldness that lasts for an hour or so. “Dr. Cullen’s patient, a lady, took forty grains of Camphor, and became insensible; her pulse was very weak and small, her breathing hardly to be observed, and her whole body pale and cold. Duteau relates, that one drachm of Camphor was given to a girl in a very severe colic. After taking it, the pain soon be- came easier; but it brought on such an extreme cold over all her body, as resembled death, and which could hardly be removed by the aid of warm cloths, and the internal use of wine.” —Stille. Stomach.—The action upon the stomach is not prominent; but large doses produce burning in the stomach, vomiting without much nausea, and sometimes inflammation. In animals, in- flammation, ulceration, and death have often been produced ; but I judge that this is from the local action of large doses given them. Camphor produces an atonic state of the intestinal canal, and is useful in diarrhea. It acts as a stimulant, and should be used in from one to five grains at a dose. Muscular System.—Through the motor nerves, it has a prominent action upon the muscular system, as shown by the weariness, staggering gait, general debility, and convulsions: cramps in the calves; knees give way and tremble; arms and hands stiff, cold, and tremble; tetanic spasms of the arms, hands, feet, and lower jaw. Urinary Organs.—Strangury, and retention of urine, is 4 prominent effect of Camphor ; and, in cases of strangury caused by Cantharis, we have no more certain remedy than Camphor. CAMPHORA. 239 Sexual Organs, Male.—The power of Camphor on these or- gans is most marked and protound; as shown by the satyriasis, voluptuous dreams; impotence, with a cold, tlaceid condition of the crgans. I can not illustrate its action better than by giving a few cases cured by the remedy, given by Stille, in his Materia Medica: “Muller cured an irrepressible yeuereal desire and ex- cessive priapism in a clergyman, by prescribing Camphor in ascending doses until a dvachm was taken daily. Richter suc- cesstully employed large doses of the medicine for a patient affected with sleep-walking and priapism, and who had formerly been addicted to onanism, and experienced convulsive attacks under the excitement of sexual lust. When persons who can not be weaned from the habit of self-pollution are threatened with spasmodic attacks, or with the emaciation peculiar to such cases, Camphor should be administered, and not in too small doses. If, however, its use be too long persisted in, there is danger of emasculating the patient. Schneider speaks of a stout aud healthy youth of nineteen, who had been piously and virtuously brought up, but who Lecame suddenly enamored of his step- mother, and whose lust grew so furious that his testicles swelled, and the flow of semen interfered with his urination. He was soon completely cured by the internal and external use of Cam- phor. Eberle says: ‘I was consulted by an elderly married man, of rigidly moral habits, who suffered very much from painful erections, and an incessant propensity to venery. He was of a gloomy disposition, which was much increased by his complaint. Camphor was given in two-grain doses three times a day. In a week he was almost entirely relieved, and completely cured in a few days after.’” Sexual Organs, Female.—The action of Camphor upon the female sexual organs is similar to that upon the male. Alibert - relates a case of a woman twenty-eight years old, who thoroughly subdued a violent paroxysm of sexual passion by taking a drachm of Camphor. On two previous occasions she had used the medi- cine with equal success. The above cases show “that large doses of Camphor are sedative to the morbid as well as to the normal action of the sexual apparatus.” But such large doses are not necessary. I have had good results from two to five grain doses, to quiet sexual passion. Therapeutic Individuality. Great coldness of the external surface, with sudden and com- plete prostration of the vital forces. Long-lasting chills. 240 CAMPHORA. “Great coldness of the skin, yet the child can not bear to be covered.” —G. “Extremities cold and blue, with cramps.”—G. “Skin cold as marble, can not bear to be covered, with rattling in the throat, and hot breath.”—G. “Features distorted; eyes sunken; face, hands, and feet icy cold; great anguish as though he would suffocate ; stupid ; groans. and moans; hoarse, husky voice; burning in the stomach and cesophagus 3 cramps in the legs, great faintness and prostration.” —Raue. . “Especially adapted to choleraic diseases, and the first stages of catarrh. Head.—Nervous headache, with throbbing in the cerebellum, like the pounding of a hammer, with palpitation of the heart, and spasmodic dysphagia. Loss of memory, and great despondency. Digestive Organs.—‘‘No thirst, no nausea, no vomiting, no diarrhea, with cramps in the legs.” —Raue. Burning heat in the stomach. Involuntary diarrhea. In many cases of diarrhcea, at the first start, a large dose or two of Camphor will arrest it at once. Rice-water stools, with great prostration, coldness of the sur- face, but will not be covered, with cramps. In cholera, Dr. Rubini, of Naples, treated five hundred and ninety-two cases without a single death. He gave it according to Hahnemann’s instructions, ad libitum, of the saturated tincture. Urinary Organs.—Strangury, not relieved by urinating, espe- cially if caused by Cantharis. “Retention of urine, or it is discharged in small quantities ; deep red; sometimes green; depositing a thick sediment.”—G. Sexual Organs. Male.—Impotence with coldness, weakness, and atrophied condition of the testicles. For excited sexual de- sire. give large doses. Gonorrhea, acute stage, with chordee. Sexual Organs, Female.—Menses increased. Excellent in dysmenorrhea. “Her labor-pains have ceased ; the skin cold and blue.”—G. Chest.—In the first stage of suffocative catarrh, with paraly- sis of the lungs, as found in epidemic influenza, with coryza and CANNABIS SATIVA. 241 nasal defluxion, used internally and by olfaction, it will arrest the catarrh at once. Skin.—Sudden retrocession of eruptions, with cold skin and great prostration, and cerebral symptoms. Dr. Holcombe thus sums up the action of Camphor: “Tt is antidotal to almost all the drastic vegetable poisons ; it relieves strangury; produces reaction from cold, congested con- ditions; is the great anti-choleraic ; and quiets nervous irritability better than Coffea, Ignatia, or Hyoscyamus. This is its whole clinical value—and a great one it is—in a nutshell.” Aggravation.—From cold air in general. Amelioration.—From warm air in general. CANNABIS SATIVA. Hemp. Habitat: Asia, India, etc. Tincture of the fresh blooming herb, Class I. Antidotes.—Vegetable acids, Camph., Cantharis. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Cannabis has two special centers of action : I. Mucous Mempranes. (Urerura). Inflammation. II. Ceresro-Spinat Nervous System. Intoxication. Mucous Membranes.—Cannabis affects all the mucous mem- branes, but particularly that of the bladder, wrethra, and prepuce ; producing acute inflammation, with painful, difficult urination ; severe chordee; burning in the urethra; the prepuce is dark, red, hot and highly inflamed, with mucous discharge from the ure- thra. The bladder not so much affected as the urethra. This is the most useful remedy we have for gonorrhea. The mucous membranes of the eyes and lungs are also a good deal congested and inflamed, especially that of the eyes. Brain.—Cannabis produces intoxication and arrest of func- tion, congestive headache; violent throbbing, with heat in the 242 CANNABIS SATIVA. head; drowsy and much lassitude; vomiting of bile, and con- stipation. Therapeutic Individuality. Sexual Organs, Male.—For gonorrhea, after the acute inflam- mation has been reduced by Aconite, no remedy can equal Can- nabis sativa, when given in the tincture and first dilution. Great swelling of the prepuce, with violent burning pain in the urethra during and after urination. “Can not walk with his legs close together, as it greatly in- creases the pain in the urethra.”—G. “While urinating, tearmg pains along the urethra. Great swelling of the prepuce, approaching to phymosis.”—Franklin. The glans and prepuce are dark red. “Light-red spots on the glans as large as a lentil.” —Teste. Severe pains in the kidneys, every few minutes, urine bloody. Sexual Organs, Female.—“Over sexual excitement in either sex.”"—G. , “Impotence from sexual abuse.”—G. “Threatened abortion, on account of too frequent sexual inter- course.” —Hq. Too frequent and too profuse menstruation. Eyes.—Opacities, and dimness of the cornea, especially from badly healed ulcers. Gonorrhceal ophthalmia. Chest.—Dr. D. 8. Smith has great confidence in this remedy for consumption. “Frequent, teasing, hard, dry cough.”—Teste. Cough, with much rattling of mucus (bronchorrhea). “Sensation as of dropping, as though cold water was dripping over the heart, or over the head.”—G. “Sensation of fatigue; warmth; jerks, or pushes, in the abdo- men, as though a living being was there.”—G. “Affections of the ball of the foot, or under part of toes.”—-G. Aggravation.—Forenoons; urination; warmth, and motion. Amelioration.—Evenings, and from cold air. CANTHARIDES. 243 CANTHARIDES. Spanish Fly. Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture powdered Spanish fly, Class IV. Antidotes. —Camph., Calad., Cinch., Sulph., Acids, Alcohol. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cantharides have seven ‘special centers of action: I. Mucous Mempranes. Violent Inflammation. Il. SexvaL Orcans. Excessive Sexual Desire; Acute Inflam. III. Gasrro-IntestinaL Canau. Violent Injflam., Mouth to Anus. IV. Serovs Mempranges. Plastic Inflammation. V. Sxiy. Violent, Acute Vesicular Inflammation. VI. GranpuLar 8. (Sazrvary, Testicues, Ovaries.) Inflamm. VIL. Crresro-Spinat System. Spasm; Inflammation. Mucous Membranes.—Cantharides affect more especially the mucous membrane of the genito-urinary organs; next to this, of the whole gastro-intestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, and, lastly, that of the respiratory organs. The action upon the lungs is not so prominent as that upon the digestive apparatus. The most prominent and specific action of Cantharides is spent upon the urinary organs. Not only the kidneys, but the whole mucous tract, from the kidneys to the end of the urethra, is vio- lently inflamed, with pains in the loins, scanty, high-colored urine, mixed with blood, and loaded with albumen and tube-casts, accompanied with burning pains in the hypogastrium, and the most violent and intense strangury. It acts more especially upon the convoluted secreting tubes, rather than, as Turpentine, on the Malpighian bodies. “Cantharides are well known to have a peculiar effect upon the bladder, which effect is doubtless produced through the cor- responding part of the spinal cord. (Watson’s Practice, fifth ed., 540.) This conclusion is corroborated by the experiments of Dr. Cantieri, with Cantharides. This observer says: ‘The cere- bellum and spinal cord are softened, the softening being greater at the lumbar enlargement. As a consequence of this, paralysis is V4.4 CANTHARIDES. observed in dogs, rabbits, and frogs.’ ‘With this evidence of the special action upon the spinal cord,’ its action upon the genito- urinary organs is fully explained to be, not reflex, but specific, through the spinal nerves. ‘The noxious influence of Canthar- ides is especially marked on the kidneys and bladder,’ says M. Gubler. Dr. Cantieri is more emphatic: ‘Cantharides always. induce hyperemia or inflammation of the urinary and genital systems.’ In a case of fatal poisoning, Ives found the ‘kidneys. inflamed and presenting blood in their pelves.’ In a similar case Schuborth observed ‘great redness of the tubular part of the kid- neys, redness and extravasated patches on the inside of the blad- der, and redness of the ureters and urethra.’ ‘“««Tt also occasions severe hematuria, albuminous urine, and even a discharge of false membranes per urethram,—the said false membranes being found within the calyces of the kidneys, in the ureters and on the mucous membranes of the bladder.’ (Bouil- land.) According to Bouilland, whenever a Cantharides blister is applied, unless it be a very small one, ‘the escape of albumen with the urine is always met with at all ages, and in all states of the system.’ “The same authority records the following post-mortem ap- pearances as found in a man who ‘died from fever with pneu- monia, and had been blistered secundum artem.’ ‘Albumen appeared in the urine nearly two days before death. The kidneys were red and congested externally,—the redness extending into the cortical substance. The pyramids presented a rosy hue, and seemed elongated. The lining membranes of the calyces and pel- ves were injected, and strewn with ecchymotic spots, and also with white salient points of irregular figure, and consisting of particles of false membrane.’ (North American Jour. of Hom., vol. i., p. 272.) “Says M. Gubler: ‘It is really an endo-nephritis, and not a cystitis, that constitutes the point du depart of the albuminuria produced by Cantharides. If the renal irritation becomes more severe, a nephritis parenchymatosa is established.’ (Practitioner, vol. vill., p. 244.) Cantieri’s experiments corroborate this : for he says (Practitioner, vol. xiii., p. 445): ‘Cantharides always in- duce hyperemia or inflammation of the urinary and genital sys- tems ; and, in consequence of the desquamative or parenchyma- tous nephritis, albumen appears in the urine.’ ”—S. 4. Jones in Hom. Observer, June, 1879. __ Sexual Organs.—Here we have inflammation and congestion. The erotic excitement becomes painfully excessive, with pria- CANTHARIDES. 245 pisms, inflammation of the ejaculatory ducts; and, in the female, the uterus becomes inflamed, with a high state of excitement, abortion, etc. Sometimes there is violent sexual excitement, insatiable vene- real desire, accompanied in man by seminal emissions, violent priapisms, heat and swelling of the organs ; severe inflammation of the parts, and even gangrene. Authorities differ as to the erotic excitement caused by this drug. Taylor says: “With respect to the aphrodisiac propensi- ties caused by Cantharides ;—these can seldom be excited in either sex, except when the substance is administered in a quantity which would seriously endanger life.” On poisons, sub voce, per contra, Prof. H. C. Wood says: “The whole drift of the evidence is that libidinous desires are much more apt to be caused by amounts of Spanish flies but slightly toxic—ten drops of the tincture (Schroff)—than by fatal doses.” “That it does not always act as an aphrodisiac, is shown by some cases observed by Frestel and cited by Taylor. I refer to these variations in its action because old-school critics have found fault with similar variations in our provings.”—S. A. Jones, M. D., in Hom. Observer, June, 1879. The inflammation of the sexual organs sometimes becomes so severe that gangrene takes place. Gastro-Intestinal Canal.—This remedy has a powerful action on the whole mucous tract, from the mouth to the anus; produc- ing congestion, burning heat, inflammation, and vesication of the gastro-intestinal mucous membranes; “intense pain in the stomach, vomiting of glairy mucus streaked with blood; severe abdominal pains, with great tenderness; mucous and bloody stools. Thealvine discharges are first mucous, then fibrinous and bloody, often very scanty but excessively numerous, and accom- panied by great tenesmus. Sometimes this gastro-intestinal in- flammation produces death from collapse ; but, if this is escaped, the following symptoms occur; Aching pains in the back, fre- quent micturition, a constant irresistible desire to urinate, with violent tenesmus of the bladder, and an inability to pass more than a few drops of urine, which is albuminous and bloody.” — Dr. S. A. Jones. In dogs, the mucous membrane of the gastro-in‘estinal canal becomes inflamed throughout, resembling a piece of scarlet cloth. Stille says: “The action of Cantharides when swallowed is that of an acrid irritant, a burning heat is felt in the mouth, fauces, 246 CANTHARIDES. cesophagus, and abdomen; there issometimes ptyalism, together with stricture of the throat, and a difficulty of swallowing so great that the attempt to drink excites violent spasms. Usually there ave nausea and vomiting, often of bloody matters; unnatural fibrinous, and sometimes bloody, stools; gripimg meteorism, and extreme tenderness of the abdomen. These symptoms of intesti- nal inflammation often terminate fatally.” Serous Membranes.—Cantharides act on all the serous mem- branes throughout the body, but especially affect the pleura and peritoneum, producing congestion and inflammation, followed by plastic fibrinous effusion. Inman says it has produced pleuritis; and Gallippe has ob- served both endocarditis and pleural effusion. Skin.—Vesicular inflammation of the skin is a specific and prominent effect of Cantharides. Locally.—No known remedy equals the Spanish fly as an epispastic, as millions of blistered mortals can substantiate. Blistering acts on the principle of revulsion ; and there is no doubt that it has proved of great utility in a vast number of diseases in- volving the serous membranes; and also in neuroses. The plaster should be spread upon brown paper, and held in place by strips of adhesive plaster. In adults, to obtain all the benefit of the blister, it should remain on from three to six hours; usually about four is all that is required; and, in many acute diseases, two hours is sufficient to effect a cure. After evac- uating the serum by punctures in the most dependent part, apply finely carded cotton to the blistered cutis. But, if the raw and inflamed chorion is exposed, a cerate of acetate of lead will allay the inflammation, and promote the healing of the part. In all cases of neuralgia, except sciatica, small blisters applied over the affected part for two hours, will mitigate the pain sur- prisingly, and achieve a cure. “When a blister is of large dimensions, and is permitted to re- main until the occurrence of full vesication, strangury and other constitutional effects of Cantharides sometimes ensue; such as pains in the loins, colic, thirst, difficult micturition, ardor urine, hematuria; and even death from the operation of a blister has ensued. When applied near the origin or over the course of lym- phatic vessels, the corresponding glands are apt to become swol- len and inflamed, and may even suppurate.”—Stille. Dr. §. A. Jones sums up the action of Cantharides on these tissues, thus: “First, then, consider the tissue affinities. These CANTHARIDES. 247 tissues are in order of affinity: Tle mucous, the serous, and the skin. - These tissues have a morphological similarity of structure ; namely, cells on supporting surfaces; ‘shingled’ surfaces, so to speak. “Secondly. The pathological type of action. We find this to be, first, inflammation with fibrinous effusion, which on a free surface assumes a pellicular form; and, secondly, a grade of inflamma- tion that may terminate in gangrene. “This pellicular phlegmasia, as Pidoux and Trousseau term it, . is evidence of a profound action on the blood. It makes the red corpuscles crenated; this indicates an escape of some of their contents, and this some is probably the fibrino-plastic element, as it is named by A. Schmidt. According to the same observer, all exudations contain a fibrino-genetic element; and it is, he says, a mingling of fibrino-plastic and fibrino-genetic elements, that gives fibrin as it occurs in the ‘act of coagulation.’ (Sydenham Society’s Year Book for 1868.) Then, the Cantharidal effusion is an extensive blood spoliative; it robs it of two albuminous prod- ucts, and, from the union of these, we get the fibrinous pellicle.” Glands.—Upon the salivary glands, the action of Cantharides is specific and most powerful, as shown by the severe salivation, and great swelling of the glands. It also affects the testicles and ovaries, as well as the lymphatics, but not so prominently. Cerebro-Spinal System.—Its narcotic action is very strongly marked, as shown by the congestion and inflammation of the brain, delirium, stupor, pupils dilated, coma, and finally death. Through its action on the cord, we have prostration, powerless- ness; difficult deglutition; dread of liquids; frightful convul- sions; tetanus; collapse and death. Paraplegia has been noticed in several cases by Dr. Pille. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Cantharides act quite prominently upon the heart and circulation. Dr.S. A. Jones says: “In accordance with its pathological type of action, it attacks the circulation correspondingly. It is first a stimulant, giving a quick- ened pulse, increased arterial tension, and a rise of temperature. Secondly, it isa depressant, giving a slowing of pulse, a lowering of arterial tension, and a decline of temperature. The order of these effects, will depend largely upon the dosage; and they are, therefore, primary or secondary phenomena, according as the dose is large or small.” 248 CANTHARIDES. Therapeutic Individuality. The great key for the use of Cantharides is found in the urin- ary organs, as shown by the great desire to urinate, with com- plete strangury, and tenesmus of the cervix vesice. Urine high colored, scanty, with constant desire to void it, but only passes a few drops at a time, accompanied with intense burning pain. _Excessive burning distress in the urethra, with constant desire to urinate; the tenesmus of the cervix vesice is complete, with bloody, albuminous urine. Cutting, burning pains in the urethra, with ineffectual efforts to urinate. Albuminuria from renal congestion; paralysis before edema. Scanty, high-colored, bloody, albuminous urine, often loaded with casts and epithelial cells; severe strangury. In acute Bright’s disease, “when desquamation predominates over congestion, as in post-scarlatinal dropsy, Cantharis takes the highest place.”—Hughes. Weakness or paralysis of the sphincter of the bladder, with frequent desire to pass water, but inability to do so, in middle- aged women; and dysury of old men. Acute stage of gonorrhea, with urgent desire to urinate, and at night intense chordee, especially if the inflammation has ex- vended up to the neck of the bladder. Pain in the loins, kidneys, and abdomen, with so much pain on urinating that he could not pass a single drop without moan- ing or screaming. Sexual Organs, Male.—Excessive desire for sexual congress, with painful and frequent urination Strong and persistent erections, and painful priapisms. Sexual Organs, Female.—Same morbid, intense sexual de- sire, with menses too early and too profuse. “Membranous dysmenorrhea, in sterile females.” —G. Inflammation and much swelling of the os uteri. Stitching in ovaries, with bearing-down toward the genitals. Violent itching in the vagina, with swelling of the vulva; in- tense pruritus and sexual desire. Mouth.—Thoughts of drinking, sound of water, or touching the larynx, produce spasms. CANTHARIDES. 249 “Vesicles and canker in the mouth.”—Jahr. Mucous membrane red, and covered with small blisters. Burning pain in the mouth, throat, and stomach, with swell- ing of the salivary glands, and copious salivation. Throat feels on fire, and covered with vesicles and plastic lymph; much swollen. Diphtheria. Stomach.—Aphthous ulcers in the fauces, covered with plas- tic lymph; violent burning in the stomach, excessively sensitive to the touch; vomiting of blood and mucus. “Vomiting, with violent retching, and severe colic.”—G. “Abdomen swollen and tympanitic, with violent pain through the whole intestinal tract ; very painful to the touch.” —Hg “Tremendous burning pain through the whole intestinal canal; unquenchable thirst, with disgust for all kinds of drink.” —Raue. Stools.—“ Stools like the scrapings of the mucous membrane, mixed with blood; urine burning and scanty.”—Hg. Great tympanitis of the abdomen, and excessively tender after stool; intense burning in the anus and peritoneum, which seems _to come from the neck of the bladder. Stools of pure blood, with much tenesmus. Skin.— Vesicular erysipelas. For chronic eczema, and elephantiasis, it is excellent in large doses ; the body seems to be one raw sore, with vesication. Inflammation of serous membranes, with stitching pains. Great weakness of the respiratory organs. Violent destructive inflammations, with burning pains. Aggravation.—From drinking cold water, and coffee. Amelioration.—From rubbing, and warmth. bo Or o CAPSICUM ANNUUM. CAPSICUM ANNUUM. Cayenne Pepper. Habitat: Central America, etc. Tincture of ripe, dried fruit; Class IV. Antidotes.—Camph., Canth., Calad., Cinch., Sulph. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Capsicum has two special centers of action : I. Mucous Mempranes. Acrid Irritant. Congestion; Inflam. IL Spryat Corp. (Posterior Portion.) Eacessive Chilliness. Mucous Membranes.—To the mucous membrane of the mouth, gastro-intestinal canal, and genito-urimary organs, Capsicum is an acrid irritant ; producing, whether applied locally or taken in- ternally, congestion and inflammation, followed by a relaxed, atonic mucous membrane. . Large doses produce great derangement of the stomach. Vogt says: “The symptoms are vomiting ; gastric inflammation ; severe colic, and violens pivging.” Spinal Columa.—The excessive amount of chilliness pro- duced by Capsicum shows that the posterior spinal cord is espe- cially acted upon. Richter says: “We have paralysis, prostration 5. vertigo, and much intoxication of the brain.” Therapeutic Individuality. Smarting, burning pains in the mucous membranes, as though Cayenne pepper were sprinkled upon them. Fever, where chilliness predominates. Excessive burning and soreness in the mouth and fauces; the mucous membrane greatly congested ; dark red. In cynanche maligna and diphtheria, it is not only useful in- ternally, but is one of the best gargles that can be used; and, in acute and chronic catarrh, as a gargle, it can not be equaled. Atonic dyspepsia, with relaxed mticous membrane, much flat- ulence, and cold stomach. CARBO ANIMALIS. 251 Mucous diarrhea, with tenesmus, and much burning in the. rectum. ‘ Frequent urination, with much burning in the urethra. Impotence, atrophy of the testicles; painful spermatic cord ; with cold scrotum. Intermittents, chill commences in the back, and spreads over the entire body ; the chilliness predominating. Marcy and Hunt say: “Its extraordinary power to control the capillary circulation, to bring excess of blood, and then to scatter more than it has brought, enables it to remove congestion as promptly and as effectually as Belladonna.” Relaxed muscular system. “In delirium tremens, thirty grains in a bolus act most remarkably, producing quiet sleep in from one to three hours, from which the patient awakes conscious and convalescent:”— Stille. Aggravation. — From eating, drinking; at the beginning of exercise; cold atmosphere, and at night. Amelioration..—By continuous exercise ; warmth, and during the day. CARBO ANIMALIS. Animal Charcoal. Prepared from Neat's leather. Trituration. Antidotes.—Arsenicum, Camphor, Belladonna, Lycopodium. Through the vegetative nervous system, Carbo animalis has three special centers of action: I. Lymenatic GLANDULAR 8. Induration; Secretions Putrid. II. Sxin. Copper-Colored Eruption; Acne, and Boils. III. Dieestive Oreans. Indigestion; Dyspepsia. Lymphatic Glandular System.—The secretions of the lym- phatics are made putrescent by Carbo animalis; and the mam- mx, testicles, and parotid glands become hypertrophied and in- 252, CARBO ANIMALIS. durated, the secreting cells of these glands being particularly affected. ‘ Skin.—Carbo animalis produces a dry, brown-colored, coppery skin, with acne, boils, etc. Digestive Organs.—Here it produces an atonic condition of the mucous membranes, with indigestion, etc. Therapeutic Individuality. Glands.—Enlarged, hypertrophied glands, especially of a scirrhous nature with very fetid discharges ; in scrofulous, nervous constitutions. Skin.—Earthy, copper-colored spots on face and body. Malignant ulcerations of the skin, of a chronic nature, with much burning. Mouth.—Looseness of the teeth, they are very sensitive to the least cold, the gums bleed easily; aggravated by salt. Digestive Organs.—“Weak, sore, empty feeling at the pit of stomach.”—G Burning of the epigastrium, with waterbrash ; acidity. Cardialgia with much flatulence and much despondency ; con- stipation. Sexual Organs, Female.—During menstruation, excessive prostration, can hardly stand up, with much pain in sacral region and down the thighs; feels so exhausted by the menstrual functions, she is hardly able to speak ; much chilliness. Menses too soon, last too long, but not too profuse. Leucorrhea, watery, acrid, and burning, with great debility. Lochia, acrid, very offensive, last too long, with much exhaus- tion, and venous plethora. Malignant ulcerations of the os uteri; discharge fetid. Cancer of the mamma, and induration of the glands. Aggravation.—After midnight ; in bed; from cold. Amelioration.—During the day ; from warmth. OARBO VEGETABILIS. 253 CARBO VEGETABILIS. Vegetable Charcoal. Well-charred coal from red beech or birch wood. Trituration. Antidotes.—Ars., Lach., Camph., Lyc., Phos., Coff. Through the vegetative nervous system, Carbo vegetabilis has three special centers of action : I. Mucous Mempranes. Atony and Mucorrhea. II. Gianpuiar System. Lymphatics Enlarged; Secretions Acid. III. Buoop. Septic; Toxemic Condition. Mucous Membranes.—Vegetable charcoal affects ail of the mucous surfaces, but more especially that of the stomach and upper part of the intestinal tract, producing debility, and increase of the mucous secretions, with excessive acidity, and immense accumulation of gas in the stomach and small intestines. It also increases the mucous secretion of the lungs, which is. very foul. Lymphatics.—These glands become enlarged, with acid, foul secretions. Blood.—Charcoal produces a septic condition of the blood, and is very useful in toxemic diseases. Therapeutic Individuality. The power Charcoal has of absorbing noxious gases has given it a high place as a disinfectant for foul sores, and fetid mucous discharges. Cachectic individuals whose vital powers have become weak- ened, and whose secretions are excessively foul. “Patient wants more air, wants to be fanned all the time.”—G. Digestive Organs.—Gums spongy, bleed readily; sensitive when chewing. “The most innocent food disagrees.” —G. 254 CARBO VEGETABILIS. Tongue coated heavily, white or brown. “Frequent eructations which afford only temporary relief.”—G, “When eating or drinking, sensation as if the stomach or ab- domen would burst with gas.”—G. This excessive accumulation of gas in the stomach and bowels is the greatest key for the use of Carbo vegetabilis we have. It is caused by atony of the mucous membranes. Burning in the stomach, with creeping sensation up to the throat, and belching of acid food. “Stomach and bowels greatly distended with flatulence; the gas is generated by the walls of the viscera, rather than from fer- mentation of the ingesta.”—Hughes. Tendency to slimy, fecal diarrhea, with much flatulence. “Indigestion comes on in the evening; restless, can not sleep, with much flatulence.”—W. Bayes, M. D. Cholera, with great prostration, Hippocratic face ; cold breath; -eold knees in bed, with excessive abdominal tympanitis ; mind in- different to all around. Urinary Organs.—Urine red, scanty, and looks as if mixed with blood. Sexual Organs, Female.—Menses too early, too profuse; blood too thick and of a foul odor. Leucorrheea, thick, ichorous ; corroding, and very offensive. Lochia very fetid, with much abdominal tympanitis. Sexual organs depressed ; very flaccid ; impotency. Chest.—‘Great and long-lasting hoarseness.” —G. “Greenish, fetid expectoration.”—Jahr. “Cough in old people, with emphysema and hypertrophy of the ‘mucous lining of the bronchi; the circulation of the lungs, heart, ‘and abdominal viscera, is very much impeded; very sensitive to cold; worse at night; expectoration profuse, especially if the larynx is invaded.”—Baehr. Great tendency of the chest to perspire ; and the patient takes cold with the least change of temperature, especially in warm, damp, rainy weather. “In chronic bronchitis in aged people, with profuse fetid ex- pectoration, from the 6th to the 80th is most useful.”—Bayes. Generalities.—Ulcers secreting a foul, ichorous pus, with burning pains. (Locally and internally.) Icy coldness of the parts; they have a livid purple look (gan- grena senilis). Excessive debility. CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES. 255 Chronic mal-treated ague; paroxysms irregular; chill pre- dominates in the hands and feet; sallow complexion; abdomen filled with flatulence; acid vomiting, that sets the teeth on edge, with sour, profuse night sweats. Aggravation,—Mornings ; from fat food; abuse of Quinine; in warm, damp weather. Amelioration.—From cool air; in evening ; from eructations. CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES. Blue Cohosh. Habitat: North America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Class IIT. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Caulophyllum has two ‘special centers of action : I. Urerus. Motor Stimulant. Hysterical Iyperesthesia. II. Muscunar System. Rheumatoid Inflammation. Uterus. —Through the hypogastric plexus, the co-ordinating in- fluence of Caulophyllum is very decided upon the parturient uterus, stimulating normal contractions, both before and after delivery. The power of regulating intermittent muscular contractions of the uterus, with excessive hyperesthesia of the organ, is most re- markable and is finely illustrated in dysmenorrhea of an hysteri- cal nature. Smal] Muscles and Joints.—Caulophyllum produces rheu- matoid affections, especially of the small joints. This was finely illustrated in my provings. Therapeutic Individuality. Nervous, hysterical women, with irregular, spasmodic pains during menstruation, or deficient, spasmodic pains during labor, from debility of the excito-motor nerves of the uterus. Menorrhagia, or metrorrhagia, with irregular, spasmodic pains in the uterus, the bowels often sympathizing. 256 CAUSTICUM. Labor. The pains are irregular, spasmodic, and deficient. Protracted lochia from atony of the uterus. This is one of the most useful remedies we have for the pre- vention of premature labor, abortion, or irregular after-pains. Reflex paraplegia, with hysterical insomnia. Articular inflammatory rheumatism of the small joints, hands and feet, more especially in women. Affections of the motor nerves in sympathy with rheumatic or uterine irritation. Spasmodic affections generally. Aggravation.—Open air; afternoon and evening. Amelioration.—Warm room, and mornings. CAUSTICUM. Kali Causticum. Chemical preparation. Potentize according to Class I. Antidotes —Asaf., Coloc., Coff., Nux vom. (Phosphorus increases its action.) Through the cerebro-spinal nervous (especially spinal) system, Caus- ticum has three special centers of action: I Spinat Corp. (Motor Tract.) Paralysis. Il. Mucous Mempranes. can hardly protrude the tongue, it trembles so. Dysphagia ; paralysis of the organs of deglutition. Painful sensation of a lump in the cesophagus that can not be swallowed, in hysterical women. Involuntary diarrhcea from depressing emotions, Catarrhal diarrhea, with spasmodic colic and tenesmus. Kidneys.—Profuse, copious, limpid urine, in nervous hys- terical women. GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 427 “Enuresis, from paralysis of the sphincter; wetting the bed, in children; paralysis of the bladder in old people, and invol- untary micturition from exciting emotions.”—E. MJ. Hale Dysuria, and spasmodic retention of urine. Bladder.—Paralysis of sphincter vesice following diphtheria. Sexual Organs, Male.—Weak, irritable sexual organs. Spermatorrhcea without erections; much flaccidity and cold- ness of the genital organs, accompanied with great languor and depression of spirits. Nocturnal emissions, with sexual dreams ; followed the next day by great languor and irritability, with pain in the base of the brain. Gonorrhea, acute stage ; many physicians think no remedy is more useful (given in the tincture); but give me Aconite every time. W. F. Green, M. D., says Gelsemium is a sovereign remedy in the acute stages, in doses of from one to four drops of the tincture every two to four hours. Sexual Organs, Female.—Especially adapted to hysterical women, with spasms, feeling as if there was a lump in the throat that can not be swallowed, and a general numbness of the extremities. Hysterical women, with rigid os during labor, attended with much nervous excitement. For sudden hysterical spasms, put ten drops of the tincture, or first dilution, in half a glass of water, and give one dessert spoonful every half-hour or hour. It will cure about every case we are called to treat. Dysmenorrhea, with a feeling of faintness at the stomach, with vertigo and headache; the flow is scanty, and very painful. (Give it in hot water. Dr. M. F. Page claims, that, if the rem- edy is given in hot water, it acts much better, because it is absorbed with greater celerity.) Dysmenorrhea, with spasmodic neuralgic pains, with cramps in the uterus and legs; and a general hysterical condition. Rigid os uteri; deficient, irregular labor-pains, passing from before backward; face flushed, and patient dull and apathetic. “After-pains; cramps in the uterus, commencing in front and extending upward and backward.”—Dr. Hale. “There is no more generally useful remedy in ovarian neu- ralgia. The pains of dysmenorrhea are greatly relieved by it. © The evidence is conclusive that it suspends after-pains, and quiets the nagging pains of the first stage of labor.” —Bartholow. 423 GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. “Threatened with convulsions during confinement; the pulse large and soft; face putfed, and the expression heavy.”—Hale. Threatened abortion from sudden depressing emotions. “During pregnancy; double vision, headache; drowsiness, vertigo, pulsating carotids, small, slow pulse; can not walk, for the muscles will not obey; cramps in the abdomen and legs; convulsions with unconsciousness.” —Hg. “Sensation of a wave from uterus to throat, ending with a -ehoking feeling ; impeding labor ; impending spasms.”—Hyg. Fever.—Nervous chills, with shivering, and chattering of the teeth, depending upon some irritation of the nerves of motion, in very sensitive subjects; from fear or fright; they often attend relaxation of the os uteri in labor, or occur after labor has just been completed. “Gelsemium is the remedy when the fever develops under circumstances which favor a paresis of the motor nerves of both voluntary and involuntary muscles. It corresponds to that stage in which the blood-vessels are dilated and full, but lack the firm- ness and resistance of a fully developed sthenic inflammation. Such a form of fever is accompanied by languor, muscular weakness, desire for absolute rest, and drowsiness.”—Dr. E. A. Farrington. : “Irritable, sensitive children, sometimes wakeful; nervous, even threatened with convulsions; or drowsy; eyelids heavy, want to remain perfectly quiet; chills up and down the back; followed by fever, with increased drowsiness; pulse full, soft; sweat moderate, with relief.”—Dr. E. A. Farrington. “Fever without thirst, wants to be still and rest.”—J. B. Bell. This is a very valuable remedy in intermittents, where the nervous symptoms predominate. The chill and fever are severe, but not much sweat; occur daily, with great restlessness. Tvritative, remittent, and intermittent fevers in very nervous, sensitive people and children, with excessive erethism, and no gastric, hepatic, or visceral complications. “Chills begin in feet or hands and run upward; long but not hard chill; great nervousness ; evenings.” —J. Jeanes, M.D. Catarrhal fevers; chilliness up the back; can not move away from the fire without chilliness, with torpid condition. Typhoid fever ; the nervous symptoms predominate ; the patient is drowsy and stupid, with great debility; legs and arms tremble when moving, with some chilliness. Eruptive fevers, especially measles, with torpor and a tendency to convulsions, and great nervousness. GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 429 Cerebro-spinal fevers, especially if caused by malaria, with stupor, and tendency to convulsions; intense passive congestion ; wild, incoherent delirium; sweating relieves; trembling, weak limbs ; bruised pains in the muscles. Lungs.—Convulsive, spasmodic cough, especially in hysterical women. Irritative cough without expectoration. “Where there is excessive excitability of the respiratory cen- ter ; a small secretion of mucus, with violent and frequent cough.” —Ringer. “It is all the better indicated in catarrhal cifficulties, if motor disturbances occur, such as spasm of the larynx, pharynx, and glottis ; or so-called spasmodic asthma.”—Hale. “Congestive stage of pneumonia ; excessive restlessness.” —Hg. “A feeling as if the heart would stop beating.”—Hg. Cardiac neuroses, especially if in hysterical subjects. Spine.—Pains from spine to the base of the brain. Congestion of the spine; bruised feeling of the muscles, which will not obey the will, with languor and prostration. Dull, heavy pains in the sacral region. Paralytic condition of the lumbar and sacral muscles in onanists. In progressive locomotor ataxy, Dr. R. MeClatchey has found it, in the low dilutions and tincture, of great value. Feeling of lightness in the body from spinal exhaustion in onanists and hysterical subjects. Extremities.—Deep-seated muscular pains in legs, relieved by motion. “Deep-seated dull aching pains in the limbs and joints, gen- erally induced by cold, with loss of motion.” —Hg. “Coldness of the extremities, especially of the feet, as if in cold water; anguish and pain in the legs.” —Hyg. “Heaviness, weight; loss of voluntary motion; muscles will not obey the will; calves feel bruised, pain at night.”—Hg. Numbness; feeling as if the limbs were going to sleep, in nervous, hysterical subjects. General paralysis. Antidote.—Electricity is said to be a complete antidote to. Gelsemium. Aggravation.—By rest; warmth in bed; sudden emotions ;. fright ; wine ; and damp, changeable weather. Amelioration.—F rom open air; cold; and continued motion.. 480 GLONOINE. GLONOINE. Nitro-Glycerine. Chemical remedy. Alcoholic attenuations. Antidotes.—Camph., Coff., Nux vom., Acon , Amyl, Ether, Secale. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Glonoine has three special centers of action: J. Crrepro-SpinaL System. Centric Vaso-Motor Paralysis. If, Vaart. Inhibitory Fibers Paralyzed, Circulation Excited. IIL Gastro-InresrinaL Cana. Neuroses; Congestion; Catharsis, Brain and Spinal Cord.—Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, this powerful remedy acts especially on the cerebral blood-vessels, irritating the brain, medulla oblongata, and vagi. No remedy causes so quickly and so violently such a severe con- gestive, throbbing, and bursting headache. This results from increased action of the heart and arteries; and it is sometimes attended with nausea and vomiting. Hughes says: “What is the rationale of these striking symp- toms? The sudden increase in the frequency of the heart’s action _ . . may be caused either by direct stimulation of its substance or ganglionic nerves, or by depression of the influence of the vagi. The rapidity with which it supervenes, and the lack of tension in the pulse, lead one to ascribe it to the latter mode of action. On what, then, depend the head symptoms? At first sight, they would seem secondary to the increased action of the heart. But this theory is excluded by the fact that in one of Dr. Dudgeon’s provers the head was not affected at all, although the pulse rose very high indeed. We need a special action on the arteries them- selves to account for the cerebral phenomena present; and for this we have only to suppose that Glonoine affects the neighbor- ing vaso-motor center in the same manner as that of the vagi. The same sedative influence would then, through the inhibitory fibers of the vagi, set the heart off palpitating, and through the vascular nerves, would dilate the arteries. In confirmation of this view, we often find the provers describing the sense of throb- bing as felt all over the body, though especially in the head. GLONOINE. 431 “All this reminds us of Amyl nitrite. But a little attention will show that the effects of the two drugs are not identical. Amyl causes a general flushing, without marked sense of throb- bing or special localization in the head; nor is the pulse much affected by it. Glonoine differs from it in all these points. Accordingly, it has been demonstrated that Amyl produces its dilating effects on the arteries by directly paralyzing their muscular coats, and acts simply on other muscular parts; while Glonoine affects the nervous centers of the circulation, and is limited to this sphere. “It is clear, that, if the Homeopathic principle is worth any- thing at all, Glonoine ought to be a remedy for some active dis- turbances of the cerebral circulation. It would not act as Bella- donna does, upon such congestive states as depend on irritation of the brain-substance, and tend to inflammation. With Bella- donna, the circulation within the cranium is excited because the brain is irritated; with Glonoine, the brain is irritated because the circulation is excited. But it would be indicated in such hyperemia as can be produced by excessive heat or cold, by strong emotions, by mechanical jarring, by suppression of the menses, or other hemorrhages and excretions.” Ziemssen says: “Small doses of Nitro-glycerine cause severe _ and long-lasting, persistent headaches, associated with an un- pleasant knocking or hammering in the temporal regions, con- siderably increased by any movements of the head. Heaviness in the head, clouds before the eyes, vertigo, quickening of the pulse, palpitation, and a feeling of heat in the face have been noted as special symptoms of poisoning. Larger doses cause dyspnea, oppression of the chest, lassitude, muscular weakness, and stiff- ness in the muscles of the jaw. Onsum lost consciousness after a dose of ten drops of Nitro-glycerine ; on awaking out of this un- consciousness, there occurred severe headache, and general mus- cular tremors. There were no true convulsions. In three fatal cases, death without convulsions succeeded severe dyspnea, with cyanosis in the condition of coma. Autopsy revealed hyperemia of the cranial contents. “The effects on frogs when Glonoine is given, consist in tetanic convulsions, followed by general paralysis. Even mammals get convulsions, besides dyspnoea, quickened pulse, mydriasis, and general paralysis. In frogs, no convulsions occur if the cerebrum be removed previous to the poisoning.” Digestive Organs.—Glonoine acts also upon the digestive apparatus, as shown by the burning in the throat; nausea, vom- 432 GLONOINE. iting, hiccough; pain in the epigastrium, and sometimes severe colicky pains with diarrhea. Therapeutic Individuality. Head.—Intense congestion of blood to the head, with a feeling as if the temples and top of the head would burst, often accom- panied with violent throbbing headache. “Feeling as if the whole head was swollen, with tightness and throbbing in the temples.”—Dr. Bayes. A feeling as if the head was too large and full of blood, is one of the most prominent symptoms of Glonoine. “Fullness in the head and throbbing pain in the temples, so. that it could be counted.’—Riehle. “Fullness in the base of the brain and violent throbbing of all. the arteries of the head and back of the neck.”—Jackson. “Fullness of the head as if all the blood had mounted to the head, or as if he was hanging head downward, and there was a. great rush of blood to head.”—Dr. Junod. “Tensive headache over the eyes and nose, followed by a tight. and choky feeling about the throat.”—Dr. Thoroughwood. Vertigo, fainting, with violent throbbing of the temporal arter- ies. Congestive nervous headache, with gastric or bilious symp- toms, caused from anxiety or fright. Violent headache with the catamenia, increasing with motion ; has to tie the head up; with cold feet. Flushes of heat in the head, with violent throbbing headache. “Tt is a capital remedy for the disturbance of the intracranial. circulation which obtains in menopausia, and for that which often results from menstrual suppression.” —Hughes. “Such excessive determination of blood to the occiput that it. seems as if he would lose his reason.” —Zumbrock. “It has proved the great remedy for sunstroke.”—Hughes. “Sun-headache, dullness, stupidity, emptiness, and somno-: lence.”—R. J. MeClatchey. “Bursting feeling in the head, tremulousness about the chest, the mind bewildered.” —Dr. T. S.-Scales. “The heart is affected before the head, alternate congestion of the heart and head.”—C. Wesselhoeft, M. D. “Sensation of soreness through the whole head, he is afraid to- shake his head; it seems as if his head would fly to pieces.”— Vinal. Headache with violent vertigo, nausea and vomiting. GLONOINE. 433 “Violent vertigo, with dimness of vision.”—Reil. Hot flushes of the head, affecting the whole body, with a feel- ing as if the whole surface wouid break out in sweat. Flushes of heat in the head and face, with vertigo. “One of the most promising remedies in convulsions of chil- dren, arising from cerebral congestion ; especially in the incipient stages of meningitis in plethoric children; cases that seem to call for Belladonna during dentition.”—C'. Wesselhoeft. “It has checked puerpcral convulsions where cerebral hypere- mia was prominent.”—Hq. Congestive headaches, vertigo, threatening apoplexy, with pal- pitation of the heart. “Long-lasting (for years) pain in the occiput, sure to come on after standing at the wash-tub all day; sometimes with vom- iting ; relieved by heat.”—Nankivell. “Agonizing pain in the eyes of a boy every evening ; obliged to keep the palms of the hands against the eyeballs, and lie with his face downward.”—Nankivell. “Severe headache; pulsation in the temples; fullness and heavy pain on the vertex; the least motion greatly aggravates ; had the hair cut short to relieve the heat and heaviness; no appetite; attempting to rise, such weakness of the lmbs she could not stand.”—Dr. Lippe. One of the most valuable remedies we have for the first stages of meningitis of children; fever exacerbates morning and evening ; frequent starting up from sleep; grasping the head or bending it back into the pillow; much vertigo, with frequent pale, and then flushed, face. (Give the 2d dec. dilution, two drops every two or three hours. It is of no value after serous effusion.) “Loss of location when walking on streets that he has trav- eled for years.”—Dr. C. H. Cochran. Eyes.—Flashes of lightning-like sparks before the eyes, with photophobia; pupils dilated ; eyes rolled upward. Digestive Organs.—Throbbing pain in all the teeth. - “Toothache; pain continues, with sudden aggravations.”— S. Lilienthal. Chest and Heart.—Inclination to sigh ; deep inspirations. Congestion of chest, with great throbbing in epigastrium. “Violent action of the heart, distinct pulsation over the whole body ; the number of beats greatly increased; feels the pulsation in the fingers.” —Hg. AB4 GRAPHITES, Angina pectoris, with violent action of the heart ; heart easily excited, with sensation of throbbing throughout the body. Aggrayation.--By motion and heat; can not bear any heat about the head; can not walk in the sun, must walk in the shade; can not even bear the heat of a stove; head symptoms greatly aggravated by rising up and walking. Amelioration.—At night, in the open air; from gentle exer- cise. The head symptoms are relieved by pressure. GRAPHITES. Plumbago. Metalloid In Europe, etc. Triturations. Antidotes.—Ars., Nux vom., Acon., Ant. cr., Sulph., Wine. Through the great vegetative nervous system, Graphites has four special centers of action: I. Skin. Moist, Sticky Eruptions; Fissures; Corns; Eczema. Il. Lymeruatic System. Enlarged; Secretions Acrid. III. Sexvan Oreans. (2) Eecited; (2) Prostrated; Anemic. IV. Diczstrve Orcans. Atony; Constipation. Skin.—The action of this remedy upon the skin is very marked, probably through the lymphatics. It produces moist, sticky eruptions, eczema, fissures or cracks on the fingers, corners of the mouth, on the nipples, anus, and between the tees ; scabby eruptions exuding moisture, erysipelas. The disposition to form fissures and cracks of the skin is very characteristic, with enlarged lymphatic glands. Sexual Organs, Male.—Graphites produces decided increase of the sexual appetite, with ejaculation of semen too soon. The testicles become swollen and much hypertrophied. Sexual Organs, Female.—We believe that this remedy pro- duces anemia of the ovaries, from the fact of the scanty and delayed menses being so prominent an effect upon these organs. GRAPHITES. 485 The lymphatic system of the uterus is also congested, as shown by the profuse acrid leucorrhea. Digestive Organs.—The digestive tract is below par, as shown by the sour stomach, great accumulation of gas in the bowels, and excessive constipation. Therapeutic Individuality. Sexual Organs, Male.—“Voluptuous irritability of the geni- tals.”"—Hah. . “Revival of the sexual desire and fantasies.” —Hah. “No ejaculation follows coition, in spite of every exertion.” — Hah. Great sexual prostration, with emissions of semen every night. “The prepuce swells to a large water-blister without pain.”— Hah. Hydrocele, with swollen testicles and general anasarca. Sexual Organs, Female.—For ladies that have scanty and delayed menstruation, with constipation and inclined to obesity, no remedy will give better satisfaction than Graphites. “Espe- cially adapted to females inclined to obesity, and whose history reveals a disposition to delaying menstruation.” —G “Menses too late, pale, and scanty.”—G. Delayed menstruation, with obstinate constipation. “Menses are delayed and are scanty; they are imminent for several days before the flow fairly sets in. The onset is accom- panied by a variety of accessory symptoms (as with Sepia), such as hoarseness with dry cough, headache evenings, swelling of the feet, and painless swelling of the cheeks; chilliness, colics like labor-pains, backache.”—D. “Leucorrhea copious and thin, causing a biting, smarting sensation in the vagina.”—D. “Very profuse leucorrhcea, the discharge occurs in gushes, day or night, and is often excoriating.”—G. “During the menses, severe pain in the epigastrium, as if every- thing would be torn to pieces.” —G. “Feeling as if the womb would press out of the vagina, with obstinate constipation, in fleshy women.”—G. The ovaries are indurated, enlarged, or anemic, and not able to perform their functions. 436 GRAPHITES. “Morning sickness during menstruation ; she feels so weak that it is with difticulty she can persuade herself to perform her accus- tomed duties.”"—G. Great itching of the pudenda a few days before menstruation. “Mastitis, in all cases where there are so many old cicatrices from former ulcerations, that the milk can scarcely flow; this remedy high, will now cause the milk to flow easily, and ward off the impending abscess; although many times tried, has not failed me in a single case.”—G. For deep cracks in the nipples, Graphites cerate is well-nigh a specific. “Graphites is in climaxis what Pulsatilla is in youth.”—Lilien- thal. Head.—“Burning round spot on the top of the head.”—G. “Congestions of the head, with roaring in the ears in young people.” —G. Violent frontal headache, worse mornings. “Scabby eruptions, exuding moisture, appear on the scalp, sore to the touch, and cause the hair to fall.”—D. “Phlegmonous erysipelas of the head and face, with burning, tingling pains.”—J. S. Douglas, M. D. , For chronic erysipelas of the face and head, this is a splendid remedy. Eyes.—Redness and inflammation of the margins of the lids, especially the outer canthi, which have a great tendency to crack and bleed when opening them. “For scrofulous ophthalmia, with ulcers and pustules, it is sec- ond to no other drug. It has cured deep ulcers of the cornea, even with hypopyon ; but it is more particularly adapted to superficial ulcerations, especially if resulting from pustules, often with con- siderable vascularity of the cornea, especially if chronic.”—A. and N, Intense photophobia, with acrid discharges. Eczema of the lids, dry scales on the cilie, itch much, with a constant desire to rub and scratch the lids. But few remedies in the Materia Medica so useful in chronic inflammation of the lids, conjunctiva, and cornea. Pale, unhealthy children, with scabs round nostrils and lips. Digestive Organs.—Breath smells like urine. Taste like rotten eggs, in the morning. Accumulation of much mucus in the throat. Coated tongue, bitter taste, and eructations of sour water. GRAPHITES. 4387 Sour vomiting, with flatulence. Slow, imperfect digestion, accumulation of flatulence in the abdomen, with much distention. “Constipation ; large, difficult, knotty stools.”—G. “Constipation; stools hard, lumpy, and evacuated with great difficulty, accompanied with mucus and blood.”—D. “Stools pappy, brown, with undigested food, and of an atro- ciously putrid odor.”—D. Urinary Organs.—Urging to urinate, with dribbling after the usual discharge ; nocturnal enuresis. Urine dark colored, with red or whitish deposit. “The urine becomes turbid, and deposits a white sediment.” —Hah. Skin.—‘“A very characteristic symptom of this remedy, is the exudation of a thin, sticky, glutinous, transparent, watery fluid from any raw place or sore.”—G. “Rhagades, excoriations, and ulcers on the skin.” —Hughes. “Rawness in the bends of the limbs, groins, neck, behind the ears, especially in children.”—Lippe. “Unhealthy skin; every injury suppurates.” —Lippe. “Krysipelatous, moist, scurvy sores. Skin red, callous; nails brittle and crumbling, with deformities ; complaints of the nails in general; painful, sore as if ulcerated. Tetters in general; corroding and spreading.” —G. Ingrowing toe-nail; old ulcers with fetid pus. “Itching eruptions full of corrosive water, in many parts of the body ; tettery eruptions that itch much.”—Hah. Burning and swelling of the feet; excoriations between the toes. Much dryness of the skin, without perspiration. The skin of the hand is hard and cracked in several places. The whole body very weak and exhausted. Swelling and induration of the lymphatics and glands; very liable to take cold from the least cold air. In General.—This remedy is especially adapted to females with a tendency to unhealthy corpulence, deformed nails, and menstrual irregularities. Aggravation.—In the night; during menstruation, especially suppressed menstruation ; from light, and motion. Amelioration.—In the dark; walking in open air, and exter- nal warmth. 438 GUMMI GUTTA. GUMMI GUTTZ. Gamboge. Habitat: India, etc. Tincture of the Gum-resin, Class IV. Antidotes.—Coff., Op., Kali carb., Camph., Coloc. Through the abdominal sympathetic nervous system, Gamboge has three special centers of action: I. Pnevmoaastric Nerve. Nausea and Vomiting. Il. Inrestina, C. Hydragoque Cathartic ; Gastro-Enteritis. Ill Kipneys. Copious Diuresis; Ascites. Digestive Apparatus.—Three to five grains cause nausea, bilious vomiting, colicky, griping pains and copious watery evac- uations. In regard to the stool, it has been proved by Rad- ziejewsky that there is no more water in stools produced by Gamboge than in those that follow the use of Croton oil. Taken in larger doses, Gamboge produces actual inflammation of the intestines; the violent abdominal pain, vomiting, and purging are followed by collapse and death. Bartholow says: “It is an irritant to the gastro-intestinal canal, increases secretion of the glands, excites vomiting and intestinal pain, and purges violently, producing copious watery stools. The experiments of Rutherford and Vignal show that Gamboge is not an hepatic stimulant, but does cause hydrocatharsis. Violent gastro-enteritis is set up by large doses ; yet but few fatal cases have been reported.” Kidneys.—Abeille found, that, when given in small but grad- ually increasing doses until it reached the quantity of about twenty grains a day, it no longer purged, but seemed to produce copious diuresis, and the evacuation of dropsical effusions, for the removal of which it was prescribed. The form of dropsy it is particularly useful in is anasarca, and some cases of ascites. Therapeutic Individuality. Gastro-Intestinal Canal.—“Nausea, with horrid vomiting, purging, and fainting. Profuse watery diarrhea, with colic and tenesmus.”—Hempel. GUMMI GUTTA. 439 Darting, gnawing pains in the stomach; excessive vomiting. Inflation and tension of abdomen ; copious watery diarrhea. Diarrhea of watery mucus, with colicky pains in the umbili- cus during stool. Stools very fetid, and come away with a gush all at once; or mucus and blood, with great tenesmus. Diarrhea, with burning pain and tenesmus of the rectum, protrusion of the anus and constant pinching around the umbili- cus, sometimes with mucous stools. Profuse watery diarrhcea, with colic and tenesmus. “Discharge of yellow and green diarrheic feces, mixed with mucus, preceded with excessive pain around the umbilicus.”— Allen. “Feeling of great relief in the abdomen, as though an irri- \ tating substance were removed from the intestines; burning in , the anus; it is sore and excoriated.”—J. B. Bell, MW. D. Bell says it closely resembles Aloes. It may be distinguished, however, by the absence of hemorrhoids, and by the rapid expul- sion of the stool. Urinary Organs.—Increased secretion of urine, or if in dropsy diminished secretion, with emissions of a few drops at a time. In General.—The majority of the symptoms come on while sitting and go off during motion in the open air. Aggravation.—Forenoon, or during the day. Amelioration.—In the open air, and from pressing the abdo- men. 440 HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. Witch Hazel. Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh bark and twigs, Class III. Antidote.—Puls. Through the spinal nervous system, Hamamelis has six special ceaters of action: I. Venous Sysrem. Congest.; Inflam'tion; Varicosis; Hemorr’ges. II. Sexuan Oraans, Mate. Newroses; Orchitis; Varicosis. Ill. Sexvar O., Femaue. Ovarian Neuralgia; Passive Hemorr’ge. IV. Dicestive Orcans. Hematemesis; Hemorrhoids. V. Lunes. Hemoptysis. VI. Frsrous Tissue. Rheumatoid Inflammation. Venous System.—It produces venous congestion, inflamma- tion, varicosis, and hemorrhage. The endangium or inner coat of the vein becomes congested and inflamed, thereby narrowing the caliber of the sanguinary channel, especially in the venous capil- laries of the skin and mucous membrane. Dr. Hale says: “Its action seems to be confined almost alto- gether to the venous system of blood-vessels. It may be called the Aconite of the veins,—acting upon those vessels as Aconite acts on the arteries. Its primary action appears to cause a spasm of the vaso-motor nerves which supply the veins (if a drug is capa- ble of causing spasm of those nerves, and not, at the same time, of the arteries). It also acts as an irritant to those vessels to such an extent as to cause a condition favorable to, if not actually ending in, inflammation of their coats. The secondary action leads to the other extreme; and we have paresis of those nerves, and thence paralysis of the coats of the veins, leading to varicosis, venous congestion, hemorrhages, and even structural lesions.” Sexual Organs, Male.—In my proving of this remedy, it pro- duced such intense and violent neuralgia of the testicles that I had to stop the experiment. Sometimes the pains migrated sud- denly to the stomach, causing nausea and faintness. They were HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 441 accompanied with frequent emissions, great depression of mind, and irritability ; great prostration of the animal passions; pro- fuse cold sweat on the scrotum; relaxation of the genital organs, and varicosis of the spermatic veins. It has proved of untold value in orchitis and varicosis. Sexual Organs, Female.—It produces in the female great uritation, congestion, inflammation, and neuralgia of the ovaries ; passive hemorrhage from the uterus, and irritations of the venous capillaries of the mucous membrane of the uterus and vagina. Its action upon the ovary is doubtless to produce venous conges- tion. Therapeutic Individuality. Venous System.—‘The three leading forms of venous dis- order are phlebitis, varicosis, and hemorrhage. “1. In simple phlebitis, you can hardly put too much confi- dence in Hamamelis. It acts even better than Pulsatilla, which has great virtue here. Dr. Preston commends it for phlegmasia alba dolens; but I think that it will often cause disappointment there ; the lymphatics are, I take it, more frequently at fault than the veins in that disease. “2. In the various forms of varicosis, this is the prince of remedies. In varicose veins of the leg, you will be delighted with the way in which the first or second dilution will ease the pain, while the external application of the diluted tincture will cause the dilated vessels to shrink up. Varicose ulcer of the leg may be healed by similar treatment, to which, also, varicocele and cirso- cele have often yielded. It is good for varicosis of the throat, where the parts look bluish from distended veins, and there is more or less discomfort, with pain on swallowing, and hawking of mucus with blood. Such a throat is often seen in gouty subjects. But it is in this same condition at the other end of the digestive tube, viz., in hemorrhoids, that Hamamelis has won its greatest triumphs. I have cured case after case of ‘bleeding piles’ by the internal use of this medicine; and, indeed, can safely say, that, in an experience of more than twelve years, it has never failed me. Even where there is not much bleeding, Hamamelis will cure piles if they are a local manifestation of a general tendency to varicosis. “8. Weare thus led to the use of Hamamelis in hemorrhages generally, for which mischance it is, perhaps, more frequently indicated than any other remedy. The general evidence of those who have used it agrees with that of Dr. Preston, that it isin venous 442 HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. a hemorrhages, where the blood flows steadily and without expul- sive ettort, that this drug is likely to cure. I have often myself suggested that it is more suitable when the state of the vessels leads to the hemorrhage than where this is dependent upon altered composition of the blood itself. If this canon be true, it defines the place of Hamamelis in purpura. There are many cases on record showing its efficacy. I have myself seen one; but I think that, in all, the vessels, and not the blood itself, were at. fault. Dy. Ringer speaks of being disappointed with it in epis- taxis occurring in a lad with the hemorrhagic diathesis ; where, perhaps, the same explanation will hold good. Otherwise, this form of bleeding is remarkably under its control, as also hemate- mesis, melena,.and hemoptysis of a passive venous type. Dr. Ringer has known it to arrest hematuria in four cases which had * resisted many other remedies, and to check the oozing of blood which sometimes goes on for weeks after delivery. Dr. Dyce Brown finds it very successful in uterine hemorrhages generally. It has also cured vicarious menstruation, and helped much in the treatment of dysentery.” —Hughes. “In passive hemorrhages from all parts, whether from the nose, stomach, lungs, or bowels, I have the utmost confidence in its use.” —Hughes. “Bleeding hemorrhoids, with burning soreness, and at times rawness, of the anus, from portal congestion; the hemorrhage is generally very profuse. (Locally and internally.)”—Hale. “Dysenteric stools, loaded with dark, black blood.” —Dr. Dunn. For hemorrhages from the bowels in typhoid fever, I have used it, with most excellent results, by injections into the rectum, —two drachms to the pint of water. “Hemoptysis, active or passive, blood venous and comes up into the mouth without coughing or scarcely any effort.”—Dr. W. C. Payne. . I have cured many cases of hemoptysis with this remedy, where the blood was dark colored, and raised with but little effort.. Long-lasting hemorrhages from extracting teeth. Dr. P. Jousset says: “It is indicated in an abundant sangui- nary flow, and, above all, with those persons who have varices of the anus. Clinical experience has confirmed this indication very extensively, so that the Hamamelis may be looked upon as a cer- tain remedy.” “For varices, inject twenty minims of proof-spirit [better try Hamamelis] behind the vein, which is lifted with a fold of the skin. This will cure without fail or danger.”—Bartholow. 2 HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 443: Sexual Organs, Male.—In orchitis, with much pain and great swelling of the testicles. I have cured many cases, using it locally and internally. Neuralgia of the testicles, pains dart from the testicles to the stomach, worse nights and during rainy weather. Impotence, organs greatly relaxed and perspire constantly. Varicosis of the spermatic veins, testicles much swollen, with drawing pains in the spermatic cord. (Locally and internally.) Sexual Organs, Femaie.—Hamamelis is of great value in con- gestion, inflammation, and neuralgia of the ovaries, with cutting, tearing pains in the ovary, which is swollen and very tender. “Ovarian disease, accompanied with much swelling and ten- derness. (Locally and internally.)”—Ludlam. “Ovaritis from mechanical injury; ovarian region much swol- len and tender ; much pain over the whole abdomen.”—Dr. Okie. Frequent paroxysm of pain in the left ovary, passing down to the uterus, with anemia; and every day or two the ovarian region becomes much swollen. “Locally and internally, I have prescribed this drug in numer- ous cases of ovaritis, with remarkable results. It seems appro- ' priate to the sub-acute attacks of this disease, which are incident to pregnancy and menstruation. I have no question of its power, in some instances, to prevent abortion, where such a mishap threatens in consequence of ovarian irritation and inflamma- tion.”——Dr. R. Ludlam. Dysmenorrhea from ovarian irritation. “Vicarious menstruation from ovarian irritation.” —Kenyon. Passive venous uterine hemorrhage. When the hemorrhage has been bright red and active, with me it has failed; but, for passive chronic or sub-acute uterine hemorrhage, it is wonder- fully curative. “Leucorrhea, with much relaxation of uterine walls.”—Hale. Varicose veins in the limbs of pregnant women, and phlegma- sia alba dolens, when it is a phlebitis. (It should be given internally and applied locally.) Eyes.—In conjunctivitis, locally and internally, Hamamelis has been of great value; and, in hemorrhages of the anterior chamber of the eye, it has given speedy relief. It has also been used locally and internally in articular and - muscular rheumatism, with good results. The pains are often unbearable, with great sensitiveness to the touch, and fear of exciting new pain on moving. This shows. it has a specific action on the posterior spinal nervous system. 444 HELLEBORUS NIGER. HELLEBORUS NIGER. Christmas Rose. Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture of the dried root, Class IV. Antidotes.—Camphor, Cinchona, Iris, Podophyllum. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Helleborus has eight special centers of action: I. Guanps. (SALIVARY, Pancreas, Liver.) Increased See. Il. Sromace (Vac1.) Nausea and Violent Vomiting. III. Inrestinat C. Gastro-Enteritis; Hydragoque Cathartic. IV. Kuipyeys. Congestion; Inflammation, Albuminuria. V. CrrcuLation. Increased Blood-Pressure; Heart Slowed. VI. Brain. Congestion; Inflammation; Effusion. VIL Spina C. Congestion; Inflammation; Effusion; Paralysis. VIII. Serous Mempranes. Inflammation; Dropsical Effusion. Digestive Organs.—Salivation is always produced, with pricking and swelling of the tongue, accompanied with copious secretion of viscid mucus. Small doses stimulate the abdominal organs, augmenting the secretions of the liver and pancreas, quickening the peristaltic motion of the bowels, and causing diarrhea. Large doses of this acrid irritant produce nausea, vomiting, colic, increased flow of bile, and violent purging; great thirst, spasm of the throat, with burning in the esophagus and stomach. When death occurs, the stomach and intestines are found much inflamed, the rectum being particularly affected. Of its action upon animals, Stille says: “The breathing soon grows laborious and slow, the pulse slackens, and in a few minutes a disposition to vomit is apparent; mucus and bile are thrown up, saliva is copiously discharged, and there are signs of abdomi- nal pain. The animal moves with tottering and feeble gait, has muscular tremors of the hinder, and then of the anterior, extremi- ties, pants in breathing, and lies powerless upon the ground. At this stage, the efforts at vomiting cease; convulsions set in, and from time to time increase, and the animal perishes in HELLEBORUS NIGER. _ 445 tetanic spasms. After death, the gall bladder and ducts are found distended with bile, and a large quantity of this fluid is contained in the small intestines. The liver is often congested ; the gastric mucous membrane, that of the small intestine, and, if the animal has long survived, of the rectum also, is inflamed.” Helleborus niger contains two active medicinal principles, Helleborein and Helleborin, both of which are glucosides. Marme says, that Helleborein is an active cardiac poison and a drastic purgative ; while Helleborin acts chiefly as a narcotic, producing in animals at first inquietude, soon followed by paresis both of motion and sensation, soon followed by death. Kidneys.—It first produces scanty urine, with urging, soon followed by an abundant secretion of urine. Helleborus and Helleborein, are diuretic to animals, but cause hyperemia of the kidneys. The first effect is to produce congestion of the renal organs, as shown by the scanty urine, which is soon followed by the opposite condition. This action has been most beauti- fully confirmed in post-scarlatinal dropsy. Phillips says, diuresis is constant, and the kidneys are hyperemic after death. Heart.—Upon the heart, Helleborein “acts chiefly in the same way as Digitalis, but more powerfully. The heart-stroke is retarded, and only becomes accelerated immediately before the approach of death; the blood-pressure is at first increased, as in the case of Digitalis, but afterward diminished; respiration becomes slow and labored, but continves after the heart has ceased to beat. Death is caused by cardiac paralysis. Conyul- sions are rare, the pupils remain unaltered.”—Dr. Von Boeck. Phillips says: “Small, repeated doses slow the heart; larger doses hurry its action and then usually arrest it suddenly. The action is through the vagus, and the blood-pressure is heightened both in the slowing and in the hurrying grade. Respiration lasts longer than the action of the heart; respiration is nevertheless affected.” Generative Organs.—The ancients always claimed great emmenagogue properties for Black Hellebore. Phillips says, that. in female animals, in cases of poisoning, the uterine mucous membrane is always and invariably congested ; and Pereira says that it stimulates the pelvic circulation like Aloes, and is an em- menagogue. Cerebro-Spinal System.—This is the most useful sphere of this remedy ; and we find its action to be most profound ; as shown 446 HELLEBORUS NIGER. by the swimming in the head, giddiness, singing in the ears, uneasy sleep, and sometimes complete stupor. “Helleborin creates great excitement and restlessness, succeeded by paralysis of the lower extremities; this paralysis may extend over the whole body and pass into profound stupor and general anes- thesia; pupils dilated. In autopsies, hyperemia and even hem- orrhage are often found in the brain; the spinal marrow injected, its resistance diminished, and it is often the seat of extravasa- tions.” —Marme. Hahnemann says: “I conclude, from various observations, that stupor, blunting of the general sensibility, a condition in which, with unimpaired vision, the patient, nevertheless, sees imperfectly and does not regard the objects he sees; with the apparatus of hearing intact, yet hears nothing distinctly nor comprehends ; with his organs of taste in working order, yet finds not the proper taste in anything; is always or often distraught, hardly remembers, if at all, the past or what has but just hap- pened ; has no pleasure in anything; slumbers but lightly, with- out a sound or refreshing sleep ; undertakes to work without hav- ing power or strength to attend to his work—these are character- istic primary effects of Hellebore.” It produces dropsical effusions of serous membranes and gen- eral anasarca of the cellular tissue. Therapeutic Individuality. Hellebore is especially adapted to diseases that affect the nervous centers, especially hydrocephalus when the stage of se- rous effusion has commenced. In this form of dropsy, the gluco- side, Helleborin, should be used. “Headache in occiput; dull pain, worse on stooping, from the nape of the neck to the vertex, aggravated and changed to burn- ing on rising to the erect posture. The pain is so violent he knows not where or how to rest his head; he lays it every moment in a different position, at last finds it most tolerable when he compels himself to lie quiet, and, with closed eyes, to half doze, and so forget his pain.”—D. “In acute meningitis, Hellebore is one of our most important remedies when the exudation is regarded as accomplished. The exact time for its administration is when the reaction has become almost nothing, and the phenomena of paralysis have become more or less complete.”—Dr. Baehr. HELLEBORUS NIGER. 447 “Its most frequent use has been in typhoid and nervous fevers ‘characterized by a similar stupor, and in the second stage of acute meningitis or hydrocephalus when the effusion has already taken place.” —D. “In mania of a melancholy type, with fixed ideas, or in mania ‘demonica, in which evil spirits are seen at night, Hellebore has been an approved remedy from the earliest ages.”—D. “Slow comprehension, and easily made angry.”—Raue. “Soporous sleep, with screaming and starting.”—G. “Shocks pass through the head like electricity.” Jahr. “Forehead drawn in folds, and covered with cold perspira- tion.”—G. “Squinting, pupils dilated."—G. (Hydrocephalus.) “Hydrocephalus, which arises insidiously, the sequel of some other disease.” —E. C. Knight. The cases curable of hydrocephalus with this remedy are not of the tubercular character, but of acute or sub-acute inflamma- tion of the serous membranes, followed by effusion ; and it should ‘be given before the stage of effusion has fully taken place, or the result will be a complete failure. “Face pale and puffed, with rubbing of the nose.” —G. “Chewing motion of the mouth, nostrils dirty and dry.”— Raue. “Automatic motion of one arm and one leg.” —Raue. “Rigidity of the muscles of the neck and limbs, one or both.” —Dr. Barron. Digestive Organs.—Distressing dryness of the mouth. Tongue very dry, trembles and feels stiff. Copious salivation. Nausea and violent vomiting, with much heat in the stomach. Much rumbling in the abdomen, with excessive colic and debility. Stools.—Stools watery ; of tenacious white mucus or white. Jelly-like, mucous stools, with urging tenesmus. Of great value during dentition, with cholera infantum, stools as above, and strong symptoms of hydrocephaloid. “A white, gelatinous stool like frog spawn is passed three or four times a day, with much pressure.”—Hah. “Watery diarrhea, with nausea, colic, and great debility. Much burning pain in the anus after stool. 443 HELLEBORUS NIGER. Urinary Organs.—Frequent urging to pass urine, with scanty discharge, in anasarca or dropsy. Passage of great quantities of urine. In sudden dropsy. Of much value in post-scarlatinal dropsy, with sudden ana- sarea, and excessively scanty secretion of urine. “I have often prescribed the tincture in doses of from five to fifteen drops every two or three hours, in cold water, with com- plete success in dropsical effusions, and particularly in general anasarca following scarlet fever, uncomplicated by organic disease.” —Dr. Phillips. Fever.—‘The fever is made up chiefly of chill without thirst, and with painful sensibility of the head to touch and motion; with drawing, tearing pains in the limbs and stitches in the joints. The heat is chiefly in the head” (D.), showing that the posterior spine is mostly involved. General Symptoms.—-Chest very much constricted, has to gasp for breath with open mouth; can not breathe. “Horrible convulsions, accompanied by extreme coldness.”— Hq. Complete loss of power of the muscles in both hands, with numbness in the arms. Aggravation.—Head symptoms in the morning. Skin symp- toms, evenings; bowels, after eating and drinking; during denti- tion, and exertion. Amelioration.—In open air; sitting with bended head, and from distraction of the mind. ‘ , HELONIAS DIOICA. 449 HELONIAS DIOICA. False Unicorn. Habitat: America, ete. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III. Through the abdominal sympathetic, Helonias has five special cen- ters of action: IL Dicestive Orcans. Emesis; Catharsis; Aton y. IL Kipveys. Increased Blood-Pressurc; Albuminuria; Diabetes, Ill. GuanpcLar Sysrem. Secretions Greatly Increased. IV. Sexvau O. (Testictes, Ovaries, Mamie.) Seeretions Increased. VY. Buioop. Anemia from Atony. Digestive Organs.--Dr. Paine (Eclectic) says: “Five to fif- teen grains act as an emeto-cathartic, producing a griping, burning sensation in the epigastrium and great activity of the salivary glands. Indeed, I have known the most perfect sulivation to fol- low the use of large doses of Helonin. In doses of from one to: five grains, it produces an irritubility of the stomach and slight purging, with a burning sensation in the bowels, irritation of the urethra, pain in the kidneys, which is followed by albuminuria, indicating congestion and large discharge of urine, with slightly increased specific gravity.” Dr. E. M. Hale says: “I have found it very useful in idio- pathic diseases of the stomach, and especially in those sympa- thetic gastric disorders which accompany uterine and renal dis- eases. Loss of appetite, eructations, fullness, cramp, and painful congestion, with lowness of spirits, are the chief indications for its employment.” Kidneys.— One of the greatest fields of usefulness for this drug is in diseases of the urinary organs, the leading of which are Bright's disease and diabetes. Many physicians, especially the Eclectic, believe that Helonias, by its specific action upon the renal organs, causes great venous congestion, and absolute albuminuria and diabetes. It certainly has cured the above symp- toms; but Dr. 8. A. Jones could not detect either albumen or sugar, and has doubts about it causing these symptoms. In my 450 HELONIAS DIOICA. opinion, if the Doctor had taken larger doses and continued the experiment a little longer, he would have found an abundance of albumen. He says that the results of his research show “that the action of Helonias upon the kidney is purely functional. There is no evidence of any epithelial desquamation, or degeneration ; and, as a renal remedy, it may be classed with Cantharides, but not with Arsenic or Phosphorus. This conclusion by no means negatives the possible usefulness of Helonias in cases of albumi- nous urine. Renal hyperemia alone can give this condition. The urinary flux seems to have been that of venous hyperemia ; and, at the farthest, I should feel disposed to rely upon this remedy only in diabetes insipidus dependent upon congestion of the lower third of the medulla spinalis. In the Helonias diabetes, this defective glycocrypsis obtains, that sugar which should have been stored up in the liver cells, as a preparation for ultimate heat and force evolution, slips through this gland, escapes organic chemolysis; and, accumulating as a purposeless product, it blocks the by-ways of life, and yet again the unceasing vigilance and fidelity of the scavenger is shown by saccharine urine. This is the kind of diabetes in which the adoption of an animal diet, and the exclusion of all the starches, effects the most remarkable diminution in the quantity of sugar eliminated; and it is the only diabetes mellitus in which I believe Helonias will cure “Helonias is a diuretic; and, when it is in full action, the kid- neys have a burning feeling, and they ache; evidence, I take it, of venous congestion and retarded blood-flow; hence the urinary plus, and its use in Bright’s disease in only the ante-desquama- tion stage.” Dr. Jones further says: “Helonias is one of the few agents which make an alkaline urine acid. Primarily, it increases the elimination of urea; and I believe the dilutions will cause a urea- minus; and the specific gravity is lowered.” Organs of Generation.—It seems to increase the glandular action of the testicles, ovaries, cervix uteri, vagina, and mamme, as shown by the following symptoms given by Dr. Clark: “Pain in the lower part of the back, through the uterus, like inflamma- tion, piercing, drawing; breasts swollen, nipples tender, can not bear the pressure of even an ordinary dress; and uterine hemor- rhage was a prominent symptom of the proving. ” This remedy for many years has had the reputation of a uter- ine tonic. Prof. Lee says: “Numerous trials have satisfied us that it has a specific action on the uterine organs,—an alleviat- HELONIAS DIOICA. 451 ing, regulating influence over their functions. Hence, in amenor- rhea marked by general atony, and an anemic, torpid condition of the system, this plant does great service; giving tone to the digestive organs, favoring nutrition and sanguification, and pro- moting the secretions generally. Its influence as a uterine tonic _ in atonic, passive menorrhagia, imparting tonicity to the muscular fibers of the uterus, by stimulating the plexuses of organic nerves which supply the pelvic viscera, is well marked. Leucorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and a liability to abortion from atony of the pelvic organs, are also relieved in the same way.” Its great utility in sterility and impotence, indicates thai this remedy acts powerfully upon the ovaries and testicles. Blood.—Dr. Jones says: “I am disposed to think that the grand sphere of Helonias’ action is to be found in the trophic nerves of the vegetative system; hence it acts upon the sluice- gates of nutrition. It is never a direct tissue-irritant, lke Arsenic. Its mode of action can be best conceived by considering the difference between a gastritis produced by Belladonna and one brought on by Arsenic; the first is induced remotely through the circulation, the other directly in the tissues. “Tn its action on the medulla spinalis, we have only congestion from vaso-motor paresis. It probably differs from Nux vomica in lacking the hemorrhage which attends that drug. “In the nutrition-changes effected by it, I incline to the opin- ion that it influences blood-genesis. Its value in post-diphtheritic debility, anemia, and chlorosis, hints that we shall probably be safe if we look in the direction of the red blood-corpuscles as the theater of its action. “When we survey its whole field of action, we are led to con- clude that its primary effects are upon the blood quantitively, through the trophic nerves; that its secondary and lasting effects are upon the blood qualitatively, through nutrition change.” Therapeutic Individuality. Sexual Organs, Female.—Anemic, torpid condition of the system, with an atonic condition of the generative organs, espe- cially in females. Passive metrorrhagia or menorrhagia. Amenorrhea from anemia and general atonic condition of the system. “Abortion, when the slightest over-exertion or irritating emo- tion tends to cause loss of the foetus.” —Hale. 452 HELONIAS DIOICA. Sterility, or impotence, the sexual power is lost, with renal disease and a greatly debilitated constitution. “In prolapsus, retroversion, and anteversion, it strengthens the utermme ligaments by invigorating the general system.”—IJV’. H, Holcombe. “Tt has been found very beneficial in those pains in the back, with lameness, stiffness, and weight, which are found in renal and uterine diseases.”—Hale. Breasts swollen, nipples tender; can not bear the pressure of an ordinary dress during menstruation. . Prolapsus uteri, with a tendency to miscarriage. Leucorrhea, with general debility and anemia. “Pruritus vulve ; intense irritation of the external labia, which are puffed, hot, red, itech and burn terribly.”—Hale. Kidneys.—‘“First stage of diabetes insipidus, and nervosus of women, with congestion of the lower ae of the medulla spi- nalis.”—S. A. Jones. “Albuminuria, ante-desquamation stage, with burning aching in the lumbar spine; lowness of spirits; restlessness; frequent profuse perspiration ; urine pale yellow, sp. g. 1.018, acid; gets up two or three times at night to urinate; debility ; palpitation when going up stairs; poor appetite; sleep difficult and unrefreshing.” —S. A. Jones. “Much congestion of the kidneys, with albuminuria.”—Paine. “A sensation as if the kidneys were two bags of hot water.” —Jones. Great weariness, with copious acid urination. Digestive Organs.—Loss of appetite ; eructations; fullness, cramp, painful congestion ; great lowness of spirits. Obstinate vomiting in Bright’s disease. Sub-acute inflammation and vomiting in pregnancy. Intense pain in the stomach, with burning pains; vomiting and salivation during pregnancy. Occipital headache; throbbing in vertex, worse by stooping, attended by vertigo, and a state of anemia. Profound debility, which follows an attack of diphtheria. Very hypochondriac; depressed and apprehensive; exceed- ingly depressed, with great weakness of memory, and general anemia. Dizziness ; fretful; everything turns in a circle, from anemia. This remedy acts as a tonic very similar to Iron; there is not so much anemia as found in Iron, but there is a general atonic HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 453 condition of the whole body, often associated with renal and uterine better remedy, accompanied with great tympanitis. Typhoid fever, with excessive tympanitis; excessive languor and prostration ; frequent loose stools ; and especially where there are copious hemorrhages from the bowels from the ulceration of Peyer’s glands; accompanied with muttering delirium, etc. In diarrhea, prostration is excessive, with burning in anus. “Stools of mucus and water, worse in the morning, with violent burning in the rectum and anus after stool.”—Hg. “Worms, with foul breath, choking sensation, dry, hacking cough; burning and tingling in the anus, with sensation as if ascarides were crawling about,—sometimes with spasms.”—Hg. Tenia. In from one to two ounce doses, in combination with a cathartic of Castor oil, Turpentine has often removed and cured tenia. The oil prevents the absorption of the Turpentine, thus preventing its toxic action. Air-Passages.—‘Dryness of the mucous membrane of the lungs, with great burning in the chest along the-sternum.’—Hah, “Bronchial catarrh; dry cough, no expectoration, or blood- streaked sputa, or copious mucous expectoration.”—Hg. “Hemorrhage from lungs.”—Hg. [Especially passive form.] “Unbearable burning and tightness across chest, with great dryness of mucous membranes, or profuse expectoration.”—Hy. “Asthma, difficult respiration, as if from congestion of the lungs; worse from motion.”—-Hg. [With neuralgic symptoms.] Heart.—Pulse weak, thready, small, compressible, in all kinds of septic fevers, as puerperal, typhoid, yellow ferer, scarlatina, epi- demic dysentery, traumatic erysipelas, etc., with the abdominal and vesical symptoms as noted above. Head.—Neuralgic headache, with burning pains. “Stupefaction, deep sleep; uremia, fainting; dull, languid; relieved by micturition.”—Hg. [In toxemic fevers.] “Mind clear, then unconscious, followed by inability to con- centrate his mind.”—F’. W. Rogers. M. D. (Septic fevers.] “Sudden vertigo, with obscuration of sight.”—Hy. TEREBINTHINA. 923: Intense pressure and great fullness of the head; dull head- ache, with violent nosebleed ; septic fevers, scarlatina, etc. Puerperal convulsions, from uremic poisoning (hypodermic). Uremic spasms in albuminuria, with great prostration. Generalities.—Intense neuralgia of the lower limbs, especially in damp weather. Excellent in various neuralgias. Fever with violent thirst, profuse sweat, and excessive pros- tration; entero-colitis, with stools of blood and mucus. Cold, clammy sweat all over the body ; toxeemic fevers. In lumbago, neuralgia, chilblains, sprains, myalgia, used locally, often affords prompt relief. If mixed with Camphor and Acetic acid in equal parts, it will be greatly improved. Cancer. The new treatment for cancer nowis Chian Turpentine. It is said to destroy the cancer cells, leaving the vessels to be- come atrophied, acting on the periphery of the growth with great vigor, causing its speedy disappearance, and an entire cessation of the pain in a few days. Let us hope that this is true. It probably relieves the pain from its specific action upon the sen- tient nerves. It is given in pills, six grains at a dose. Gangrene. Turpentine locally on lint, has cured many cases. Corns. Applied locally every night, will cure in one week. _ “This is a grand remedy, of whose uses we know far too little. It is not only adapted to diseased conditions. of all the mucous membranes, to kidney diseases, to worms, to all of the hemor- rhages (one of the very best hemostatics), but to very deep-seated nervous diseases, as nervous headache, and neuralgia of the ex- tremities. One case of neuralgia of the lower limbs of fifteen years’ standing, was cured with ten-drop doses after everything else had failed.”—IV’. H. Holcombe, M. D. Aggravation.—Morning and evenings; damp weather, and when lying down. ‘ Amelioration.—When walking ; during day, and dry weather. 924 TEUCRIUM MARUM VERUM. TEUCRIUM MARUM VERUM. Cat-Thyme. Habitat, Europe. Tincture according to Class ITI. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Teucrium has one special cen- ter of action: I. Mucous Mempranes. Catarrhal Inflammation; Vermicide. Teucrium selects the mucous membrane of the lower bowels as its special center of action. It also affects that of the nose prominently, producing violent sneezing, congestion and inflam- mation of the mucous membrane. This is a grand remedy for ascarides, where there is great itch- ing of the anus. Also for polypus narium as a snuff, with creep- ing, biting sensation in the vicinity of the polypus. It has acted well in ingrowing toe-nail. THLASPI BURSA PASTORIS. Shepherd’s Purse. Habitat: Asia, Africa, America, etc. Tincture of fresh plant in flower, Class II. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Thlaspi has one special center of action: I. Vascuuar System (Ovario-UTERine Orcans). Hemorrhages. Vascular System.—Thlaspi acts upon the whole venous vas- cular system, but especially centers upon the vascular system of the generative organs of women, causing congestion and copious hemorrhages. It also produces hemorrhages from all parts of the body. Therapeutic Individuality. Sexual Organs, Female.—Especially adapted to menorrhagia; menses too frequent, lasting too long, degenerating into a hemor- rhage continuing many days, blood clotted, with menstrual colic. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 925 Premature menstruation; “first day she hardly had a show, but on the second day there was a real hemorrhage, with severe colic, vomiting, and expulsion of clots; flow continued very long, eight, ten, and even fifteen days, then left the patient in a state of exhaustion, from which she had not time to recover before another period; one period very profuse, the next less so.”—Jousset. “T have met with special success in hemorrhages, with violent uterine colic, and cramps, consequent on abortion ; at the critical age; and even where there was cancer of the neck.”—Jousset. Hemorrhage from cancer of the uterine neck, without pain. It has given good satisfaction, in tincture, and up to the 12th dilution. Dr. Jousset gives the tincture, from one to twenty drops at a dose. Hemorrhages.—“ Profuse hemorrhage from all parts of the body.” —Lippe. An excellent remedy in hemoptysis and epistaxis; blood dark and clotted. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. Arbor Vitz. Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh leaves during inflorescence, Class Il. Antidotes.—Camph., Cham., Puls., Sabin., Sulph., Merc. Through the vegetative nervous system, Thuja has six special cen- ters of action: I. Sxivn. Fig-warts; Condylomata; Tubercles; Sycosis. II. Mucous Mems. Acrid Secretions; Corroding Ulcers; Polypi. IIL Sexvai0O.,Mate. Chronic Blennorrhea; Prostatitis; Sycosis. IV. SexvaLO.,Fematze. Delayed Menses; Leucorrhea; Ovaritis. V. Buoop anp Serum. Dissolution; Acridity. VI. Urinary Orcans. Diuresis; Sphincter Paralyzed. Skin.—Thuja was Hahnemann’s great remedy for sycosis, that. peculiar poison whose characteristic action is shown upon the skin and mucous membrane by the formation of fig-warts and condylomata (combination of syphilis and gonorrhcea). Thuja. produces on the skin generally, and on the anus particularly, 926 THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. warty excrescences and tubercles. “The fig-warts being hy trophies of the cutaneous papille, Dr. Petroz has argued other growths of like nature—as warts and polypi—are also p ucts of the sycotic virus. While this is doubtful enough, I t. he is justified, both from theory and from practice, in clair for Thuja a like efficacy in their treatment. He gives case polypus of the uterus and larynx which came away spontaneo under its action; and both he and Mayerhofer relate nume instances of its cure of warts. One of these is especially inter ing, as showihg how the drug acts in the same direction as disease. A woman had four horny and painful warts on hands of three years’ standing. After taking from six to drops of the tincture of Thuja daily for a month, first one then another crop of new but painless warts appeared on hand. After leaving off the drug, these soon disappeared, the old ones vanished simultaneously, leaving her hands quite : I myself have had most successful results from Thuja in w: If one or two only are present, they should be painted with mother tincture daily ; but, when they come in crops, the inte administration of the drug is the proper treatment. I have r than once seen large collections of these excrescences of standing, disappear in a few weeks under infinitesimal dose the medicine. . . . Boenninghausen and others have tho that Thuja has some specific action in small-pox, even so ¢ prove prophylactic against it, as Belladonna against searlat More evidence seems required here. But there is no doubt ‘Thuja has proved curative of ‘grease’ in horses, which may take of the same nature as vaccinia and variola. It has o been of eminent service in veterinary practice, as in the treatu of farcy and of the warty vegetations of the surface so com: in the lower animals.” —Hughes. Mucous Membranes of the Sexual Organs.—Thuja prod inflammation of the prepuce and glans, warts, tubercles, ulc in the female acrid leucorrheea, retarded menstruation, fig-w: condylomata, etc. Dr. Wolf says: “It produces irritation of mucous membrane of the genital organs, extending itself ove these organs, changing the naturally mild secretion into one o acrid, corroding, infectious quality.” “The Austrian provings, which are entirely confirmator Hahnemann’s, show that the main action of Thuja is on the ito-urinary organs, with the anus, and on the skin. Tt cause: pious and frequent urination, burning in several parts of the THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 927 cous tract, pains of various kinds in the penis; inflammation of the prepuce and glans; ulcers, tubercles, and other excrescences on the sexual organs, with itching and profuse sweating; and, in the female, leucorrhcea. The sexual appetite is depressed, and the catamenia retarded. Burning, itching, swelling, and mucous discharge occurred at the anus. . . . Hahnemann recom- mended it as the most homeopathic remedy for the non-syphilitic form of venereal disease, which he called ‘sycosis.’ His attention was also drawn to the condylomatous excrescences, or fig-warts, which, perhaps more frequently then than now, were apt to ac- company the contagious blennorrheea of the urethra. He formed the opinion that these were the chancre of the non-syphilitic vene- real miasm, and, like that, constituted the vicarious local mani- festation of the internal evil. If cauterized or otherwise destroyed, they either returned in the same spot, or similar excrescences broke out in other parts of the body,—whitish, fungous, sensitive, flat elevations in the cavity of the mouth, on the tongue, palate, and lips, or large, elevated, brown, dry tubercles in the axille, on the external neck, scalp, etc. “The pathology of this subject, so far as condylomata are con- cerned, still remains obscure. Jahr, who was a devoted follower of Hahnemann, differs from him about it, holding the common view that condylomata, with the mucous patches in the mouth described as connected with it, are products of syphilis; while Drs. Skae, Wallace, and Rose Cormack agree with Hahnemann. The former, who, from his experience at the Edinburgh Lock Hospital, spoke with some authority, states that the condyloma- sous form of venereal disease is known in some parts of Scotland ander the distinctive name of ‘sibbons.’ There seems no doubt that the true chancre not uncommonly sprouts into condyloma- tous vegetations before disappearing, or becomes transformed in situ into a mucous patch; and that both fig-warts themselves, and mucous tubercles, like them, may occur as manifestations of syphilis. But it is also certain that condylomata are frequently met with in connection with gonorrhoea, and even without any other venereal sign whatever. Dr. Skae relates, that when so oc- curring, they may be communicated by contagion, and that sec- ondary symptoms accompany them in the shape of whitish eleva- tions on the mucous membrane of the mouth and fauces, a husky tone of voice, and perhaps some cutaneous eruptions. He evi- dently, with Hahnemann, considers that condylomata, with or without gonorrhea, are themselves the primary phenomenon of a specific venereal taint.” —Hughes. 928 THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. Blood and Serum.—Dissolution of all the fluids of the bi which become very acrid. The acridity is probably causec Thuja perverting the lymphatic secretions. Dr. Wolf says: disturbs digestion and sanguitication; tendency to destructi dissolution of the fluids, and the whole organism.” Therapeutic Individuality. General Indications. — Thuja is especially adapted to hydrogenoid constitution, which is related, according to Grauy to sycosis as effect to cause. This constitution is distinguis from the oxygenoid and the carbo-nitrogenoid, in that it isn hygroscopic, i. e., it possesses an increased capacity to con water; hence, rain, cold, damp weather, baths, and food, that creases the number of molecules of water in the system, aggra the symptoms of the hydrogenoid constitution. It is the great antidote to disease of a sycotic origin, wl generally shows itself in the shape of warts, condylomata, ca flower excrescences, on or about the genital organs and h parts of the body, and mucous membranes. “In Thuja we meet a surplus of the producing life; thus, nearly unlimited proliferation of pathological vegetations, found in the condylomata, the warty excrescences, the spc tumors, and the spongy pock. In fact, the exudates orga: hastily. All morbid manifestations of Thuja are excess They appear quietly, sneaking as it were, so that the begim of the diseased state is not known.”—Goullon. Mind.— “Mental uneasiness; low-spirited and despondi tired of life; morose; dissatisfied ; unsteadiness.”—Goudllon. “Patient often feels as though she could not exist any lon extremely scrupulous about the least thing.”—G. “Loathing of life; very ill-humored and depressed.” —Hah Mental labor is impossible; forgetful; makes mistakes, can not collect his senses; very desponding, in gonorrhea. “Stupefaction of the head ; vertigo; reeling sensation, as a frequently turning in a circle.”—Goullon. [Tertiary syphilis. “Sensation as if the whole body were very thin and delic and could not resist the least attack; as if the continuity of body would be dissolved."—-G. [Chronic hysteria.] “Sleeplessness at night; restlessness and tossing about; guish, which does not allow him to sleep; sleep full of dre and startings.”—Goullon. The very restless sleep at night is characteristic of Thuja. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 929 Head.—‘ Headache on the left side, asif a convex button were being pressed on the part.”—G. [Rheumatic affections. ] “Headache early in the morning ; sometimes he feels as if the head were screwed asunder in the articulation of the malar bone and the upper jaw; sometimes as if a nail were driven into the vertex with a jerk, sometimes as if the forehead would fall out.”— Goullon. [Gonorrheal rheumatism.] “Transitory pain in the left frontal region as if a nail had been driven into the frontal eminence.”—Hah. “Headache, worse from sexual excesses; overheating; better from exercise in the open air, looking upward and turning, and from tea.”—Hg. “Eruption moist, corroding on occiput and temples, worse from touch, better from rubbing; wants head and face warmly wrapped.”—Hg. “White, scaly dandruff; hair dry and falling out.”—Hg. Eye.—Induration of the eyelids. “Is useful in tinea ciliaris, with dry, bran-like eruption on the eyelids, chiefly about the cilie ; eyelashes irregular and imperfectly grown ; skin scaly ; eyes weak and watery.”—Dr. R. FF’. Cooper. “As a remedy for styes and tarsal tumors, it is very valuable, especially for veruce and tumors that resemble small condylo- mata; internally and externally.”—A. and N. “Old chronic catarrhal conjunctivitis, in which the granula- tions are large like warts or blisters, with burning in the lids; worse at night, with excessive photophobia.”—A and N. “The action of Thuja upon the sclera is more marked than that of any other drug; and it has given excellent success in episcleritis, sclero-choroiditis and staphyloma. Yor syphilitic iritis, marked by condylomata on the iris, it is a grand remedy, with sharp, sticking pains and much heat.”—A. and N. “Amblyopia, vision blurred; flames of light before the eyes, mostly yellow; white spots like bottles moving about.” —Hah. Seems as if cold air rushed in and out of the eyes; must cover them up to keep them warm; eyes relieved by warm covering; very sensitive to cold, damp weather. Of great use in malignant blennorrhcea, especially in leucophlegmatic temperaments, that are always chilly. Ears.—Scrofulous otorrhea, in hygroscopic temperaments ; the discharge is watery, purulent, with crackling sounds in the ear, especially in young, growing children. 930 THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. Nose.—Chronic catarrh ; sensation asif the nose were stopped up; dry coryza; discharge from the nose of mucus and blood, in tat, hygroscopic temperaments, with much chilliness. “Blows out much thick, green mucus, mixed with blood and pus; painful scales in the nostrils."—Hy. (Chronic venereal catarrh.] Mouth.—Sycotic nodules frequently suppurating and forming flat ulcers; deep ulcers of the mouth. Foul taste, with map tongue, in chronic dyspepsia. “The inner mouth feels as if full of blisters, as if he had burnt it, with redness of the gums. Tip of'the tongue sore to the touch. Pressing stitching under the tongue. White coating; swelling of the tongue; fauces dry and sore; swelling of the salivary glands, . they secrete a great deal of bitter or bloody saliva.”—Goullon. Teeth decay at roots; crumble and turn yellow; pain at night. Swelling of the tonsils and throat, with chronic congestion of the fauces, and flat ulceration of the parts; sycotic syphilis. Mucus very tenacious and difficult to loosen. Moist, broad, flat, or roundish tubercles in the throat. Chronic catarrh. Stomach.—“Canine hunger, alternating with loss of appetite, or long-continued loss of appetite; fullness after eating as if he would burst; thirst mornings.” —Goullon. “After eating, slimy, sweetish taste in the mouth; or flat, bit- ter eructations as from a spoiled stomach. Pain in the pit of the stomach; after eating, the abdomen bloats; excessive flatulence; bad effects from eating greasy, fat food.”—Goullon. “The fluid he drinks falls audibly into the stomach; pit of the stomach swollen; sensitive; indurated.”—Hg. Gastrodynia, with contractive pains in the stomach ; excessive flatulence; pulsations in the epigastrium; chronic dyspepsia. Pressure as from a stone in the hepatic region when walking. Pressure in the abdomen, with contractive colicky pains. Bowels.—Constipation is marked. “During an attempt at stool, the pain in the rectum and anus is so great she has to desist, she can not pass the stool; the suffering and pain in the anus are greatly increased during motion ; the violent contractive pain in the anus is followed by tearing pains in the bowels.”—G. “Feeling in the rectum as if boiling lead was passing through it, with burning, pricking pains in the anus.”—Raue. Painful contraction of the anus; unable to void the constipated stool on account of the painful fissures of the anus. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 931 “Stools, pale yellow, watery, copious, forcibly expelled; gur- gling like water from a bung-hole; much thirst; worse in morn- ing; chronic form, with emaciation and debility.”—Bell. Anus fissured, painful to touch; often with warts; sometimes immense numbers of these flat, moist mucous tubercles or con- dylomata surround the anus, especially in syphilitic subjects. Urinary Organs.—F requent inclination to urinate ; the stream is often interrupted before the urine is entirely voided ; has to rise several times at night to micturate; urine red, depositing a thick brick-dust sediment; during micturition, cutting in the urethra; smarting and itching of the female pudendum, with the discharge of some drops of urine after micturating ; burning itching, stitch- ing in the urethra; chronic gonorrhea and prostatitis. “Copious, frequent urination ; burning in urethra.”—Hughes. “Chronic incontinence of urine, from paralysis of the sphincter vesice.”—Dr. Polle. {In old, flabby constitutions.] Sexual Organs, Male.—Thuja is of great value in sub-acute and chronic cases of gonorrhea, especially when injections have been used and the prostate is involved. “Dr. Boehm writes that an extensive experience has taught him that the prostate is more or less affected in all gonorrhceas which have lasted longer than six or eight weeks, and that this condition of the gland is itself the cause of a good half of all chronic cases of this disease. In such conditions, he has the utmost confidence in Thuja. My own ex- perience is quite in favor of the specitic influence of Thuja on the prostate. I have derived unequivocal benefit from it in several cases of acute and chronic inflammation of the gland. It should be useful also in balanitis.”—Hughes. Chronic gonorrhea, with sycosis ; burning during and between urination ; red, smooth excrescences on the glans penis; fig-warts and condylomata all over the sexual organs of both sexes, that exude a glutinous, foul-smelling matter ; mucous tubercles in the urethra; proliferating syphilis; thin, green discharge, especially in women, with loss of appetite ; psychical depression, and sleep- lessness ; flabby constitutions. “The chief sphere of action for this remedy is the modifica- tions of the chancre virus that are described as idiopathic condy- lomata, mucous tubercles, and sycotic excrescences. It is more par- ticularly the humid products of this kind, such as cauliflower excrescences, and still more mucous tubercles. Thuja is very efficient here, but of little use for dry, filiform fig-warts.”—Jahr. 932 THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. “Several ulcers on the prepuce and glans, growing above skin, clean looking, but suppurating profusely ; vegetating ul on the glans penis; deep, humid furrows, covered with pus, sei on the swollen prepuce; ulcers on the prepuce, raised above skin like warts, cut half through (mucous tubercles?). The charges excoriate.”"—Goullon. “Stitches in the glans, itching with moisture, like blennorrl with round flat ulcers on the corona glandis.”——Goullon. “Aching pain in the testes as if contused; varicose degen tion of the epididymis ; continual erection ; pollution, with se: tion in the urethra as if it were too narrow.”—Goullon. “Checked gonorrhea, causing articular rheumatism ; pros’ tis; impotence and sycosis.”—Hg. Sexual Organs, Female.—“Thuja corresponds fully to w an’s nature, inasmuch as the habitus of the female sex repres those characteristics which approach the hydrogenoid consi tion, or sycotic dyscrasia, or even Virchow’s leucocythemia. same may be said of the infantile organism, and its dispositio scrofulosis in its manifold dispositions. The abundant blen vrhoea, the many knotty indurations, the numerous gland affections, even the greater tendency to vesicular spasm, to an pure skin (tedious ulcerations), the melancholia, far more quently observed in women than in men, speak clearly for theory.” —Goudllon. “The vagina is filled with warty excrescences, with great bi ing and smarting pains; she is so sensitive in the vagina that can not possibly bear an embrace.”—G. “Profuse mucous leucorrhea, with thin, long warts, or warts on the face or genitals."—G. [Very acrid.] “Ulcers on the internal surtace of the vulva and perine with cramp-like pains in the vulva when rising from a ¢ extending up into the abdomen.”—G. “Ulceration of womb; green or bloody discharge.”—G. Sexual desire extremely elated or depressed ; irresistible de for onanism, she gives herself up to the vice, even during sk chronic impotence. Ovaries. “Severe burning pain in the left ovary, aggray by walking, riding, and at every menstrual period.”—Ludlam “A terrible distressing pain occurs in the left iliac reg when walking or riding ; she must lie down to get relief, espec: aggravated at the menstrual period.”—G. “Terribly tormenting pain in the left ovarian and inguina gion, with scanty menstruation.”—Goullon. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 933 “Retarded menstruation.”—Hughes. [The menses are not only retarded, but are inclined to be scanty in Thuja.] Ovaritis, especially the left one, in flabby, lymphatic women. . Uterine cancer based on syphilitic constitution; the cauli- flower excrescences bleed easily and emit a very foul odor. Polypus of the uterus and vagina. Granulations and fleshy excrescences growing from the mucous membrane of the uterus, soft and spongy, jutting out like warts, and are easily detached, sycotic temperaments; they are a fre- quent cause of long-continued hemorrhages, or bloody leucor- rhea. In fleshy, flabby women. Pregnancy. Abortions are very frequent; labor-pains are very feeble; the motion of the child causes cutting pains in the blad- -der, with urging to urinate. Mucous tubercles on the nipples, on the labia, anus, or cor- ‘ners of the mouth. In leucophlegmatic people. Respiratory Organs.—‘“Stitches in the larynx; sensation of -erawling in the trachea; hoarseness; cough early in the morning ‘when rising, as if excited by sharp things; expectoration of gray, yellow, or greenish little balls, or of yellow mucus, with pain in ‘the pit of the stomach.”—Goullon. Sycotic erosions of the fauces, with dry, teasing cough. “Difficult, oppressed breathing; oppression of the chest as if ‘something had grown fast to it; stitches in the chest; strong pal- pitation of the heart, especially when ascending stairs.” —Goullon. [Much emaciated, in those that have been fleshy.] “Asthma, worse at night, with red face; coughing spells, or sensation of adhesion of the lungs.” Hg. Cough evenings and at night, with loose green or yellow expec- toration ; tastes like old cheese, and aggravated by cold water and air. Drinking anything cold aggravates the cough ; chronic cases. Heart’s action greatly excited evenings; sycotic rheumatism. Back.—“Feeling of stiffness in the nape of the neck, with restlessness and nausea; pain in the neck as if he had been lying on a hard couch; dull, painful pressure in the small of the back while stooping ; bruised feeling all over; the veins of the neck are bloated and blue; strong perspiration in the axille; brown spots under the arms like moles; brown spots on the hands are a sure indication for Thuja.”—Goullon. Extremities.—‘Paralytic feeling in the arms, as if he had lifted too heavy a burden; painful difficulty of moving the arms ; 984 THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. severe rheumatic, drawing pains in the bones, as if the flesh + separated from the bones; bruised feeling as if beaten black blue; boring in the joints; tingling in the fingers, as if they gone to sleep, redness and swelling of the phalanges.” —Goul “Painful feeling of relaxation in the hip-joints, as if the a1 ular capsules were too flaccid and weak to support the body; 1 sion from the hip-joint to the groin, and along the peeenies 1 of the thigh down to the knee.”—Goullon. “Cracking in the elbow, knee, and tarsal joints when saaiai the limbs ; weariness in the internal muscles of both thighs, a they would break down; pain in the heel, as if gone to sle stitches above the heel in the tendo Achillis; inflammatc red swelling of the dorsa of the feet and of the toes, with tens when stepping on them ; voluptuous itching, with red, marble-] spots; shining, red, inflammatory swelling of all the toes; bu ing, tearing stitching in the corns.”—Goudllon. A close simile for rheumatism, especially gonorrheeal. Ingrowing toe-nail has often been cured with Thuja locally Skin.—Sweat only on uncovered parts, while covered pa were dry and hot; very restless and desponding. Moist tubercles, especially of the ears, cheeks, chin, nipp! inguinal region, and hairy parts of the body; in syphilitic el dren, every part of skin; the discharges are very excoriating. In secondary and tertiary syphilis, with fissures of the ax and herpetic, moist ulcers of skin, especially in lymphatic peoy “Thuja occupies a front rank in the treatment of variola every degree, as a prophylacticum, and during the disease; aborts the pustule and prevents the suppurative fever.”—Goull [Many physicians have great faith in it.] Strong perspiration, especially in the axille, with brown sp on the arms and hands; skin of the hands dry. “Excessive development of the panniculus adiposus; lipon warts, pustules, with dirty secretion, e. g., at the extensor side oft fingers, on the skin of the whole body between the lamelle of t epidermis.”—Goullon. [Tertiary syphilis.] Sequele of vaccination inlymphatic children. The left side more apt to be involved, with filthy ulcerations. For warts and condylomata, apply the tincture external and give a high dilution internally. Many cures have been mac Bleeding fungous growths; epithelioma; painful pemphigu blood-boils on the back, and flat ulcerations of the skin. Hair thin, grows slowly, splits, and falls off. TRILLIUM PENDULUM. 985 Skin looks dirty ; brown spots here and there, with white spots, especially in tertiary syphilis. Cidema about the joints; emaciation and deadness of the affected parts, in people that have been very fleshy. Chilliness predominates ; always chilly from the least change of weather. Aggravation.—During rest; from heat of bed; in the fore- noon; from narcotics, and cold, damp air. Amelioration.—In open air; from warmth, and from warm, dry weather. TRILLIUM PENDULUM. Beth Root. Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Trillium has two special centers of action: I, Capittary Buoop Vessets. Relaxation and Hemorrhages. Il. Mucous Mempranes (UTERINE). Jucorrhea; Putrescence. Capillary Blood-Vessels.— Through the vaso-motor nervous system, Trillium acts on the capillary blood-vessels, causing re- laxation of the muscular fiber of the digestive organs, kidneys, and especially of the uterus, thereby producing copious hemor- rhages. Dr. Hale says: “Like all anti-hemorrhagics, it doubt- less possesses some influence over the vaso-motor system of nerves. It may be primarily homeopathic to vaso-motor spasm, and secondarily to vaso-motor paresis. In large doses, it checks nearly all hemorrhages. In small doses, it checks passive hemor- rhages. In attenuated doses, it cures the results of suppressed discharges of blood (perhaps mucus). . . . We have no prov- ing of this remedy showing its pathogenetic action upon the gen- erative organs of women, nor can we decide with any certainty as to the pathological states which it would induce in the uterine tissue. To say it acts by giving tone to the uterus, would not convey any exact idea, although it actually has that effect; it 936 TRILLIUM PENDULUM. stimulates the uterine nerves to healthy action ; and, as a Co: quence, we have muscular tonicity, and a healthy condition of mucous membranes. Hemorrhages from the uterus either a from relaxation or laceration of the blood-vessels of that ors or from abrasion or relaxation of its mucous coats.” Mucous Membranes. —Trillium produces relaxation of mucous membranes, with copious hemorrhages, especially of uterus; and no remedy that we possess is more useful in ac and passive hemorrhages. Dr. Coe says: “Its dynamic influences are chiefly directed ward the mucous surfaces, over which it seems to exercis special control. Though mostly employed in affections of uterine system, it is, nevertheless, of great utility in the tr ment of all diseases involving the mucous membranes. It is cidedly antiseptic, and is useful in correcting a tendency putrescency of the fluids, and the fetor of critical dischar; [This latter I know to be a fact.] Slight hemorrhages occur from wounds, cancerous ulcerations, etc., may be corrected by local application.” Therapeutic Individuality. Sexual Organs, Female.—Its great field of usefulness among the hemorrhages, especially from the uterus and kidne We possess no better remedy in active and passive uterine hen rhages. Dr. Hale believes it excels Sabina, Secale, and Hai melis; and, from my experience with it in uterine hemorrhage can say the same. “Tixcessive flooding, with fainting ; face pale and anxious; tremities cold; no pain.”—Dr. E.G. Wheeler. [Flabby subjec In passive internal uterine hemorrhages, with oceasic clots, and much fetor, it has proved in my hands extremely re ble. Flooding with fainting, to me is a key for its use. Inm. cases where fainting was a prominent feature from loss of blc Trillium has arrested the hemorrhage at once. “Profuse uterine hemorrhage, at the climacteric period, ¥ prostration, vertigo, dimness of sight, palpitation of the he and painful sense of sinking at the pit of the stomach.”—Dr. M. Hale. [From excessive loss of blood.] “Menses every fourteen days, lasting seven or eight days the intervening time, profuse leucorrhcea, of a yellowish color creamy consistence ; the blood is at first bright red, but, owin anemia, grows pale.”—Raue. URANIUM. 937 “Terrible bloody leucorrhea; great anemia.’—Dr. Fickler. “Profuse exhausting leucorrheea, with atony, prolapsus, and chronic engorgement of the cervix.”—Dr. Coe. Profuse yellowish leucorrhea, with much debility. “Profuse (long-lasting] lochial discharges.”—Dr. Coe. Digestive Organs.—“Passive hemorrhages [and active] from nearly all mucous membranes, especially of the kidneys and nose.” —Hale. “Chronic diarrhea of bloody mucus.”—Dr. Coe. Usually the tincture in from two to five drop doses will arrest the hemorrhages, sooner than the dilutions, URANIUM. Nitrate of Uranium. Chemical Preparation. Trituration. Aqueous solution the best. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Uranium has five special centers of action: I. Sromacu. Nausea, Vomiting; Gastritis; Ulceration; Thirst. Il. Dvopenum. Inflammation; Ulceration. TIL. Kipyeys. Inflammation; Albuminuria; Glycosuria. IV. Serous Mempranes. Inflammation; Dropsical Effusions. V. Corp (Motor). Complete Muscular Paralysis. Digestive Organs.—I have the pleasure of taking from the valuable monograph of E. T. Blake, M. D., the following physio- logical facts from his experiments upon animals and man: “Like most metallic salts, this drug is a pureirritant, showing a marked specific relation to the alimentary organs. Its characteristic re- actions are concentrated on the abdominal viscera ; and, of those viscera, the stomach and duodenum were observed to suffer in as many as fifty per cent of the animals experimented upon. “Ten rabbits were treated with the drug; in every rabbit, with the exception of one, there was some deviation from the normal state to be seen in the pyloric end of the stomach. In three rab- bits, there were found gastric ulcers, in each instance deep, well defined, and solitary. In one cat, there were two ulcers in the 938 URANIUM. duodenum. These were specific effects of the drug; for it was in- troduced into the areolar tissue of the lower extremities. “The Nitrate of Uranium exerts a specific action on the circu- lation of the stomach and duodenum, producing ulceration of the pylorus, resembling that of Kali bichromicum, Arsenic, and Ar- centum nitricum. Thirst and vomiting were well marked in these experiments.” Urinary Organs.—All the indications point to the kidneys as the main field for the action of Uranium; and chronic renal de- generation, with albuminuria, or glycosuria with ascites, are marked features of this metal. Dr. Blake’s experiments tend to show that Uranium does not possess the glycogenetic powers at- tributed to it; but Dr. Magdenburg says: “I have satisfied my- self by my own experiments, that, after several weeks’ ingestion of small doses of Uranium muriaticum or Nitricum by healthy persons, sugar can be found in the urine;” and there is an abundance of clinical experience that proves Dr. Magdenburg correct in the statement, that Uranium has not only caused, but cured, many cases of glycosuria. In Dr. Blake’s proving, the action of Uranium was to increase the total quantity and specific gravity of the urine,—the excess being either in the urates or chlorides,—and to produce acridity, with mucous discharges and incontinence of urine. Another marked effect was to produce albuminuria in many cases of the animals poisoned; and Dr. Blake says: “It ought to be useful in Bright’s disease, and kindred renal maladies; in contracted, gouty kidneys, with gastric disturbances; in irritable conditions of the renal plexus of the sympathetic. It seems singular that it should have cured cases of sugar diabetes, which it undoubtedly has done.” Liver.—No one seems to have studied out the action of Ura- nium upon the liver. There is no doubt that it does affect the liver, and that this has something to do with its action in glyco-. suria; for irritation of the duodenum is powerfully reflected upon the liver, and must be so in the case of Uranium. Serous Membranes.—On the serous membranes, especially the peritoneum, Uranium has a marked action; in the nineteen animals poisoned, six had ascites; and, in peritonitis with effu- sion, as well as hydro-pericardium, Uranium should prove to be a valuable ally. URANIUM, 939 Cerebro-Spinal System.—The brain symptoms are probably mostly sympathetic, from gastro-intestinal irritation; but, through the spine, Uranium has a marked and specific action upon the end organs of the motor nerves, i. e., the muscles, as shown by the excessive languor and profound prostration pro- duced in the animals poisoned ; five drops of the first decimal be- ing sufficient, when injected under the skin, to kill arabbit; and two drops were sufficient to suspend life in a full-sized cat, and completely prostrate the animal’s muscular system. It acts prominently upon the lower portion of the cord. Therapeutic Individuality. Urinary Organs.—Uranium is, without doubt, the most homeopathic remedy yet discovered for diabetes, many cases having been cured with the drug used in the first three tritura- tions and dilutions. Dy. Blake thinks the cases that call for this drug have much irritation of the stomach and bowels; but cases have been cured where none of these symptoms have been marked, excepting the thirst ; great emaciation, and profound debility. In acute and chronic diuresis of children and adults, we have no better remedy. Dr. Cook cured a case of incontinence of urine in a young girl, who had been troubled from infancy. I have great confidence in Uranium, in children that have incontinence of urine at night from worms; the urine is often excoriating. “Burning in the urethra, with very acid urine; urinary tenes- mus.”—Dr. Blake. Sexual Organs, Male.—Completely impotent, with nocturnal emissions. Sexual Organs, Female.—Excessive lacteal secretion. Vertigo ; faint flushing of upper part of body, during menstru- ation. Head.—-Great despondency ; ill-temper; cross; disagreeable. Vertigo; heaviness of head; restless at night, with shivering. “Headache; dull, heavy pains in the forehead, right temple, and occiput.”—Blake. “Pain over left eye, contracted feeling in throat; eructations followed by diuresis (most specitic effect of the drug).”—Dr. Blake. “Eyelids inflamed and agglutinated.”—Dr. Blake. [Glands enlarged.] Nostrils sore, with purulent, acrid discharge ; chronic catarrh. 940 URTICA URENS. Digestive Organs.—Ulcers in the buccal cavity, with copious salivation; accompanied by nausea and great thirst. “Vomiting; much nausea; intermittent vomiting, with great thirst.”"—Dr. Blake. “Loss of appetite during catamenia.”—Dr. Blake. “Excessive flatulency in stomach and bowels.”—Dr. Blake. Excessive thirst very marked symptom, emaciation, diabetes, Dyspepsia, intermittent attacks of pain, with sinking at epi- gastrium and acid eructations, flatulency and copious urination. Has cured several cases of gastric and duodenal ulcers. “Abdomen bloated, with slight diarrhea; sharp colic and tenesmus, with burning in the rectum.”—Dr. Blake. Enteritis and peritonitis, with meteorism; great prostration. Peritonitis followed by copious effusion. Generalities.—Bronchitis, with copious mucous expectoration ‘and much emaciation ; old chronic cases. Stiffness of the loins, urine of a fishy odor, and great debility. “Extreme languor on rising from bed.”——-Dr. Blake. “The debility caused by Uranium is very marked; and it will probably prove a valuable ally in combatting certain forms of prostration, resulting from severe organic lesion.”—Dr. Blake. Great emaciation is a marked symptom of this drug, and is well shown in diabetes. Tendency to general dropsy ; effusions of serum from all of the serous membranes, especially pleura and peritoneum. URTICA URENS. Stinging Nettle. Habitat: America, Europe, etc. Tincture of the fresh plant, Class III. Through the posterior spinal end organs, Urtica has four special centers of action : I. Sxin. Gidema; Erysipelatous Inflammation; Urticaria. TL. Mucous Mempranes. Gastro-Intestinal Inflammation. Jil. Granputar System. Increased Secretion of Milk. IV. Vaso-Motor System. Stimulated. Skin.—This is the grand center for the action of Urtica urens. When taken internally, or applied locally, Urtica produces an in- URTICA URENS. 941 flammation very similar to nettle-rash, with great oedema, the least puncture causing serum to follow, with suppression of urine. In one case of poisoning, it caused: “Pricking heat, numbness, burning of the skin of the face, arms, shoulders, and breast; eyes puffed, cedematous; on the lips, nose, and ears, vesicular erup- tion; speech became difficult, with extreme anxiety; followed by desquamation.”—J. G. Houard, M. D. Mucous Membranes.— Here it produces gastro-enteritis, dys- entery, nausea, vomiting, with fainting, and inflammation of the genito-urinary organs. ; Glandular System.—On the mamme, Urtica has a specific action. In a case cited by Dr. J. G. Houard, milk was re-estab- lished in the woman’s breast three years after the birth of the last child, although she never had been able to suckle, no milk having been secreted after labor. The breasts were greatly swollen, dis- charged at first serum, afterward perfect milk for eight days, in large quantities. It has also been reported to have cured goiters. Therapeutic Individuality. Skin.—The chief use of Urtica is found in the treatment of urticaria, where the skin becomes elevated, with a white central spot and a red areola, attended by stinging, burning pains, and requires to be rubbed all the time. (Internally and as a cerate.) When the eruption looks pale like the stings of nettles, and re- quires to be rubbed all the time, Urtica is of great value. “As soon as she lay down again, eruption and itching disap- peared entirely, and re-appeared immediately after rising again. Will ‘only cure when this symptom is prominent.”—Dr. Chapusat. “The upper part of the body enormously swollen, pale, and dropsical, and covered with confluent, small, transparent vesicles, filled with serum and sudamina.”—Dr. King. In anasarca and dropsy following scarlatina, where the kidneys. are involved, with excessive cedema of the feet. It is the most useful remedy we have for scalds and burns, where the tissues are not too much destroyed. Use the cerate. Extremely distressing burning heat and formication of the skin; the hands and fingers much swollen; erysipelatous inflam- mation. Digestive Organs.—‘Sensation of soreness in the bowels. while lying down; and on pressure, a sound as if the bowels were filled with water.”—Dr. Shaw. ([Peritonitis followed by effusion.]. 942 USTILAGO MADIS. Enteritis, with stools of mucus and blood.”—Lippe. Diarrhea in skin diseases, from suppression of the erupt Hemorrhage from the bowels, lungs, or uterus. For ascarides with great rectal irritation, the 1st dilutio splendid. : Sexual Organs, Female.—Menorrhagia ; uterine hemorrh “Insufficiency or entire want of secretion of milk after pa rition.”—Lippe. [Supposed to greatly increase the flow of m Leucorrhcea, the discharge being very acrid and excoriat Pruritus vulve with great stinging and itching; the same’ the scrotum ; with much cedema of the parts. Has often cured epistaxis, hematemesis, and menorrhagis ' USTILAGO MADIS. Smut-corn. Habitat: America, Europe, etc. Trituration of the ripe fungus, while fresh. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Ustilago has seven spi centers of action: I. Crrcuration. Long-Lasting Arterial Capillary Contre IL Vztns. Dilatation; Passive Hemorrhages. II. Skin. Loss of Hair, Teeth, and Nails. IV. GuanpuLar System. Congestion; Hypertrophy. V. Crrzpro-Spinat System. Congestion; Paralysis. VI. Sexvat0O., Matz. Prostration; Impotence; Neuralgia. VII. Sexvai0., F. Oxytocic; Venous Hemorrhages; Ovaral Circulation.—Through the cerebro-spinal, and especially vaso-motor, nervous system, Ustilago has a specific action u the arterial and venous capillary blood-vessels. On the arte capillary vessels, it produces long-lasting contraction. This « traction is so great that the arterial blood is finally arrested, the result is complete death of the tissues. Ustilago prod great dilatation of the venous capillary vessels, with passive ver congestion in all the tissues upon which it acts. Ovario-Uterine Organs.—The action of this drug on female sexual organs, is similar in all respects to that of Er USTILAGO MADIS. 943 with this difference: The oxytocic effects of Secale are more power- ful than those of the Ustilago; but the passive venous congestion of Ustilago is greater than that of Ergot. Ustilago produces uterine contractions of much power, and is a grand substitute for Ergot, but can not displace it. In a cow-house where cows were fed on Indian corn infested with this parasite, eleven of their number aborted in eight days. After their food was changed, none of the animals aborted. Six drachms given to two bitch dogs with young, soon caused them to abort, and fowls fed on this fungus lay eggs without shells. Many physicians have reported cases of labor where the uterus was in an atonic condition, with very feeble pains. Ustilago was given and immediately brought on violent uterine contractions, and, some say, more powerful pains than could be produced by Ergot ; but here they were mistaken. All agree that the lingering pains between the contractions are not as great when Ustilago is given, as they are when Ergot is administered. The passive venous congestion produced in the uterus by Ustilago, is one of the most marked effects of the drug. From this congestion, we - have passive uterine hemorrhages, which may in some cases take on an active form. This congestion produces hypertrophy, dis- placements, etc. Ovaries.—The vascular system of the ovaries is most powerfully affected by this drug, producing congestion, enlargement, and great irritation, with ovaralgia, dysmenorrhea, and especially menorrhagia ; and the clinical results of this remedy in the above affections have been equal to those of any known drug. Sexual Organs, Male.—It produces congestion with, first, ex-. citement, soon followed by great prostration of these organs, with complete loss of all sexual desire, neuralgia of the testicles, etc. Skin.—Through its action on the arterial and venous vas- cular capillaries, Ustilago has a specific and marked action on the skin. The whole skin becomes dry, hot, and congested. Eruption all over the skin similar to rubeola. By rubbing any part of the body a few moments, it would break out with this fine red eruption. On face and neck, it came in patches like ring- worm (herpes circinatus), but not vesicular. The eruption is about the size of a pin’s head, itches violently at night, and con- stantly remains red and hard. The chest and joints are more affected than any other parts of the body. The whole scalp be- came one filthy mass of inflammation; two-thirds of the hair 944 USTILAGO MADIS. came out; and what was left in was mostly matted together. A watery serum kept constantly oozing from the scalp, 80 profuse as to keep the hair constantly wet. “Shedding of the hair, both of man and beast, and sometimes even of the teeth. Mules fed on it lose their hoofs, and fowls lay eggs without shells.”—Rawlin. “The hair, hoofs, nails, and teeth are but prolongations of the true skin. Any drug which profoundly affects the skin, will prob- ably affect similar structures. Ustilago appears to act by prefer- ence upon the thickest and hardest of the dermoid tissues. Its action in this respect resembles the effects of such diseases as itchthyosis syphilis, and tuberculosis.”—Hale. [It does this by its long-lasting vaso-motor spasm driving completely out the capillary circulation.] Glandular System.—Through its action upon the vascular capillaries, it has a marked effect upon the lymphatics, testicles, and ovaries, producing irritation and congestion, with all their attending symptoms, affecting particularly the functions of the lymphatics. Cerebro-Spinal System.—Here its action resembles that of Ergot, but is not so powerful. It doubtless acts very similarly to Ergot on the spine. Dr. Hale thinks it acts on the trophic nerve- cells in a special manner. Therapeutic Individuality. Before giving the therapeutics of Ustilago, I wish to impress. upon the minds of those that use the drug, the fact that the rem- edy should not be over one year old; for it rapidly deteriorates by age, similarly to Ergot. The fungus should be gathered in the fall, just before the frost touches it, and thoroughly triturated. A tincture can also be made of it according to Class III.; but I prefer the triturations. A saccharated extract would be just: what we want. Head.—Very sad, cries frequently, and is excessively pros- trated from sexual abuse and loss of semen. Sleep restless. Sexual dreams with emissions, followed by great prostration. Great depression of mind is a marked effect of Ustilago. Frontal headache, aggravated by walking. Feeling of fullness of head, with dull, pressive frontal headache.. Violent frontal headache ; as if the forehead would burst open. USTILAGO MADIS. 945 Sharp flying pains in the forehead; congestion of the brain. The whole scalp is hot, dry, and congested, with loss of all the hair in both man and animals (alopecia). Scald head; two-thirds of the scalp one filthy mass of inflam- mation, with loss of most of the hair; a watery serum constantly oozing from the scalp, was a marked effect on one lady. Eyes.—Aching in the eyeballs, with profuse secretion of tears ; dull aching pain in the right eyeball; smarting of the eyes, with profuse secretion of tears in the open air. Dryness of the nostrils as if he had taken cold. Constant dull pain in the left ear, caused by extension of in- flammation of the tonsils along the Eustachian tube. Burning sensation of the face and scalp, from congestion. Mouth.—Sliy, coppery taste is a prominent symptom. Constant dull aching pain in the first and second upper mo- lars; they are decayed and have ached before. “Shedding of the teeth.”—Rawlin. [In animals.] Prickling sensation in the tongue, with a feeling as if some- thing was under the roots of the tongue pressing upward. Dryness of the fauces, with difficult deglutition. Congestion and inflammation of the tonsils, left one greatly enlarged, of a dark color, accompanied with dull pain, much aggravated by swallowing; chronic cases. Feeling as if there was a lump behind the larynx, which pro- duces constant inclination to swallow; catarrhal inflammation. Dryness of the fauces, with a burning distress in the stomacb. Gastric Symptoms.—Loss of appetite, or canine hunger, with thirst at night ; indigestion ; gastralgia. Eructations of the ingesta; eructations of food strongly acid. Very faint feeling a number of times in the epigastrium, with pain in the region of the liver and bowels. Constant distress in the region of the stomach; burning dis- tress in the stomach, probably from excessive acidity. Burning distress in the sternum and stomach, accompanied with fine neuralgic pains in the same region, lasting about three minutes at a time; come on every ten or fifteen minutes for sev- eral hours; sharp cutting pains in the stomach, with much burn- ing distress in the epigastrium. Abdomen.—-Grumbling pains in the abdomen all the after- noon, followed by dry, hard stool; fine cutting, colicky pains 946 USTILAGO MADIS. every few minutes all day, relieved by a hard, constipated followed by dull distress in the bowels. Constipation of the bowels; stools dry, lumpy, and blac the bowels may be natural; more apt to be constipated. Good deal of pain for two days in the region of the liver. Dull pain in the right hypochondrium, with distress i small intestines; indigestion and constipation. The abdominal symptoms caused by Ustilago are n located in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium. Urinary Organs.— Urine red and scanty, diminished one copious flow of colorless urine; hysterical subjects. Sexual Organs, Male.—Sexual dreams every night, with sions, followed by great mental prostration. Sexual dreams, followed the next day with great physical tration; pain in the Jambar region; great despondency anc tability. (It is of much value in chronic spermatorrhea.) Profound prostration of the sexual organs for weeks; the tum is relaxed, with cold sweat upon it most of the time. Neuralgia of the testicles; spells of violent pains in the cles, more in the right; every five minutes sharp pains in th ticles that produce faintness; constant aching distress in right testicle for days (marked symptom in my proving). Of much value in chronic orchitis, neuralgia, and irritabl ticle; indurated testicle and spermatorrheea. Sexual Organs, Female.—Here is the most useful cent Ustilago. Asa uterine motor, no remedy excels it exceptins got; and its indications are the same as those for the use o got, i. e., the os uteri is dilated and relaxed, the pains feeble inertia of the uterus. From one-teaspoonful doses of the- Extract, regular intermittent contractions every three or minutes will take place in from fifteen to twenty minutes continue from two to four hours. The pains of Ustilago are intermittent, like labor-pains, and not so tonic as those of I In ovarian irritation, ovaritis, amenorrhea, dysmenor menses premature, retarded, too scanty, too short, suppré menopausis, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia, Ustilago has great satisfaction, and in menorrhagia and metrorrhagia chronic uterine congestion, with great relaxation and a ge atonic condition of the genitalia; the blood is dark colored the hemorrhage of a passive nature. In such cases, no re will do better than the Ustilago. SEED, reg USTILAGO MADIS. 947 Dr. J. H. Woodbury says: “It controls uterine hemorrhage and induces uterine contractions in a manner similar to Ergot, but not with the same promptness or vigor. Ustilago is pre-eminently the Ergot of chronic uterine hemorrhages and passive congestions, where for many days there has been a slow but persistent oozing of dark blood with small black coagule; when the finger, upon being withdrawn from the vaginal examination, is covered with a dark, semifluid blood, as though partial disorganization had taken place; when the uterus is enlarged, the cervix tumefied, and the os somewhat dilated, but swollen and flabby, indicating that the whole organ is in a most passive and congested state; when, in spite of all treatment, the blood continues to ooze day after day, simply from lack of some means of overcoming its ‘invincible in- ertia.’ Ustilago in such cases is a remedy of most gratifying promptness and efficiency. It will not only control the hemor- rhage, but remove the entire pathological condition upon which the hemorrhage depended.” It will also cure, if given in large doses, many cases of active and constant flooding, with frequent clots of bright red blood, with hard bearing-down pains, by producing arterial capillary con- traction. Menorrhagia at the climacteric, from ovarian irritation, burn- ing distress in the right ovary; flooding lasts for weeks; blood dark colored, with many clots; vertigo, with much pain on the top and side of the head, and a great gone feeling in the epigas- . trium. Portal congestion. Menstruation too frequent, too profuse, and lasts too long. Suppressio mensium from ovarian inertia; much pain in the ovarian region ; flatulence, and great soreness of the bowels. Ovarian dysmenorrhea, with severe pains in the ovaries, uterus, and back, every few minutes; spasmodic pains in the left ovary, which is very sore and tender. Abortion with bearing-down pains as if everything would come from her ; in flabby constitutions. Ovaritis, constant pain in the ovary, with sharp pains passing down the leg rapidly ; ovary much swollen and very tender, with scanty. menstruation. Atonic constitutions. Intermittent neuralgia of the left ovary, which is as large as a hen’s egg, and very tender to the touch. (Large doses.) Vertigo at the climacteric, with too frequent and too profuse menstruation ; accompanied with frequent flushing. Between the menses, constant misery under the left breast. Vicarious menstruation from the lungs and bowels. 948 USTILAGO MADIS. Nervous headache,—menstrual irregularities ; atonic fen Hypertrophy and sub-involution of the uterus, with great « Has acted favorably in fibroids, and cured induration of t. A tendency to miscarriage from general atony of the ute In post-partum hemorrhages from a flabby, atonic condit: the uterus, Ustilago is of great value. In scarcity of milk, Ustilago has acted well. Puerperal peritonitis, with constant flooding; high f secretions very putrid; Abdomen excessively tender and panitic, from abortion. (Ustilago has cured several cases. Back.—Dull aching pains in the shoulder-joints. Severe rheumatic pains in the lumbar region, aggravate walking ; aching distress in the small of the back. Arms.—Severe rheumatic pains in the muscles of the shoulder, lasted all night; muscular rheumatism. Rheumatic pains in the arms, hands, and fingers, lasted a’ Dull rheumatic pains in the right elbow-joint, worse on mc Severe drawing pains in the joints of all the fingers; sticking pains along the metacarpal bone of right forefinger | few seconds; sharp, cutting pains along the metacarpal bor right hand ; loss of the finger-nails. Legs.—Rheumatic pains in the legs; flying, rheumatic ] in the metatarsal bones of the right foot. Skin.—The whole skin is dry, hot, and congested. Chronic urticaria, with intolerable itching at night. Copper-colored spots on the skin ; secondary syphilis ; ma: In pustular ulceration of the skin, scald head, and va forms of eczema, Ustilago has done good service. Painful destructive diseases of the nails; loss of the hair Alopecia; complete loss of hair from long-lasting conge of the scalp ; tendency to small boils; skin dry and hot. Aggravation.—From motion. Amelioration.—During rest. VALERIANA. 949 VALERIANA. Valeriana Officinalis. Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of the dried root, Class IV. Antidotes.—Camph., Coff. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Valeriana has six special cen- ters of action: I. Ceresro-S. System. Hysterical Hyperesthesia; Spasms. Il. Dicestive OrGans. Stimulation. I. Kipneys. Diuretic; Urine Loaded with Phosphates. IV. Sexvat O., Femate. Aphrodisiac; Neurasthenia; Hysteria. V. Circunation. Excited; Temperature Increased. VI. Eves. Mydriasis; Fiery Flashes. Cerebro-Spinal System.—“ Valerian appears to exert a direct influence on the nervous centers, of the same kind as, but more enduring than, that of Ambra, Asafcetida, Moschus, and other nervines. It especially affects the brain and the organs of sense. It causes giddiness, headache, and mental excitement, with (as Heberden observed) ‘agitation and hurry of spirit.’”—Hughes. “Berbier gives an account of a patient in the Hotel Dieu, of Amiens, who, after taking six drachms of Valerian daily for some time, woke up delirious, fancying that the side of the ward oppo- site to where he lay was in flames. Other patients who had taken the medicine, imagined that flashes of fire darted from their eyes. When taken in large doses, there can be no doubt that Valerian causes headache, hallucinations, with much mental excitement. The headache often shifts to the left side, but retains its original character.” —Phillips. Eyes.—Large doses produce sparks and flashes of light, even to the extent of objects seeming to be on fire; the pupils extremely and fixedly dilated. Spine.—Valerian acts more powerfully on the motor nerves, but also affects the sensory, as shown by lively formication of the hands and feet, and a sensation about the head and spine which has been compared to the aura epileptica. 950 VALERIANA. From its action on the motor nerves we have restlessness spasmodic movements of the limbs ; staggering gait, and fin complete prostration of the motor end organs. Circulation.—“The action upon the circulation is chi shown in those of its morbid states in which the pulse beco frequent and feeble, denoting the exhaustion which succeeds over-excited state of the nervous system; under these circ stances, it renders the pulse less frequent, and at the same t stronger.” —Stille. In large doses, the action of the heart is increased, the t perature of the surface rises, and diaphoresis occurs. Sexual Organs.—These organs are greatly excited by Valer producing all kinds of hysterical symptoms. Dr. Ludlam thinks it has some specific action upon the ovai I believe it causes neurasthenia of the sexual organs of won and that this explains all of its hysterical actions. It excites sexual passions of cats toa remarkable degree. Foy says: “( discover it by the smell at a long distance. They are seen rol themselves upon the plant, and are heard mewing and purrin the most extraordinary manner. After a while they are se: with spasms and convulsions, and at last expire in a kinc voluptuous frenzy.” Digestive Organs.—Stille says: “Two drachms at a si dose generally occasion a sense of heat and warmth in the al men, eructations, hiccough, and frequently vomiting, colic, diarrhea, with some excitement of the circulation.” Mode doses increase the appetite and improve the digestion. Li doses kill rabbits by producing gastro-enteritis. Kidneys.—‘“The desire to urinate is one of the results of - ing Valerian in an overdose. Micturition not only becomes n frequent and profuse, but the fluid is generally turbid; depc ‘a bran-like sediment,’ a ‘ brick-red sediment,’ or a slimy sedim which seems to dissolve after shaking the vessel.”—Phillips, Therapeutic Individuality. Nervous Affeections.—This is one of our most reliable 1 edies in hysteria. In hysterical females, where. the intellec faculties predominate, it is of great value; when we find exces nervous excitability ; hysterical spasms; fearfulness, and tre lousness, with palpitation of the heart. In all diseases’ w. Valerian is indicated, the hysterical element predominates. VALERIANA. 951 “Nervous affections occurring in excitable temperaments. In hypochondriasis it calms the nervousness, abates the excitement of the circulation, removes the wakefulness, promotes sleep, and induces sensations of quietude and comfort; sadness is removed. In globus, in all asthmatical and hysterical coughs, and nervous palpitation of the heart; profuse flow of limpid urine.’—Phillips. Mind and Head.—Great melancholy and irritability ; morose, easily exasperated. “Vertigo, with a sensation as if flying.”—Dr. Jessen. “Kestacy, mild delirium, with great excitement and trembling ; erroneous ideas; thinks she is some one else, moves to edge of bed to make room; imagines animals lying near her which she fears may hurt; during typhoid fever."—Hg. [Or hysteria.] Hysteria, passes quickly from one subject to another. “Headaches appearing suddenly, or in jerks; pressing as from a stupefying constriction in the forehead, drawing into orbits; face pale; worse evening, at rest, and in open air; better from movement, in the room and from motion.”—Hy. “Violent pressure in the forehead, followed in a few minutes by sticking in the forehead, especially over the orbits; soon the sticking changes again to pressure, and so on in constant alterna- tion; the sticking is like a darting tearing, as if it would pierce the eyes from within outward.”—Stapf. Sensation in the head of great coldness; hysterical subjects. 4 Eyes.—‘Smarting in the eyes as if caused by smoke; pres- sure in the eyes; margin of the lids swollen and sore.”—Gross. Frequent flashes of light before the eyes, with dilated pupils. Nervous diseases of the eyes that are long lasting; the eye has a wild look, and the sight is much confused; hysteria. Ears.—Nervous affections of the ears, with ringing, jerking, and cramping pains, and hissing sounds ; hyperesthesia. Face.—“Cheeks red and hot, especially in the open air.” —Hg. “Facial pains appearing suddenly in jerks ; spasmodic twitch- ing and drawing in the cheek bones."—Hg. [Hysterical women.] “Fierce pains through the left side of face, darting into teeth and ear; muscles twitch ; hysterical neuralgia.”—Hg. “White blisters, with elevated red base, on the cheeks and upper lip, painful to touch.”—Hg. Mouth and Throat.—White lips, body icy cold, with faintness. Tongue thickly coated, with taste as of rancid tallow. 952 VALERIANA, “Stinging pain in the teeth; bad taste in the mouth.”—H “Feels a sensation as if a thread was hanging down throat, with tickling deep in the throat.”—G. [Characteri “Sensation as of something warm rising in the throat, ar ing breathing.”—-G. [Globus hystericus. Marked symptom “Voracious hunger with nausea.”—Hfg. [Fitful appetite. Stomach.—“Eructations like putrid eggs, morning on wak heartburn, gulping of rancid fluid, which does not rise into mouth.”—Hg. [Chronic dyspepsia. ] “Nausea, with sensation as from a string hanging down throat; profuse ptyalism.”—Hg. [Very characteristic.] “Pressing aching in the pit of the stomach as from somet: forcing a passage through it; neuralgia of the limbs; spasn the stomach, in lymphatic, hysterical females, difficult breath faintness and great tympanitis.”—Hg. For flatulence of the hysterical and hypochondriacal, Vale is a specific ; the abdomen is hard and distended. “Colic; hysterical, especially evenings in bed; after din: from hemorrhoids, and worms.”—-Hg. (Excessive flatulence Stools.—“Thin, watery diarrhea, with lumps of coagul: milk; greenish, papescent stool, with blood; constant pres and violent screaming ; especially in children.”—Hg. Urine.—Nervous, hysterical urine, flow copious. “During urination, much straining and prolapsus recti, 1 red or white sediment.”—-Hg. [Nervous people.} Sexual Organs, Female.—‘“Menses too late and scanty.”— Hysterical spasms at the appearance of the menses. “The child vomits as soon as it nurses; after the mother been angry.”—Hg. (Excessively hysterical.] Respiratory Organs.—Hysteria, dyspnoea, and chorea. “Choking in throat-pit on point of falling asleep ; she awal as if suffocating; respirations grow less deep and more r until they cease; then she catches her breath with a sob] effort; so on in spells; asthma.”—Hg. “Frequent jerks and stitches in the chest, with a sensatio: if something pressed out; worse in lower part of chest.”—Hq. “Stitches in region of heart ; pulse rapid, tense or feeble.”— Back.—Rheumatic pain in the shoulder-blades, darting a. the arms, shoulders, and face; hysterical neuralgia. VALERIANA. 958 “Pain in the loins as from cold or over-lifting.”— Lippe. “Spine irritated, in beginning of typhoid fever.”—Hy. Limbs.—Neuralgia, the pain is unbearable. Sciatica. “The pain is unbearable while standing, with a feeling as if the thigh would break off.”—Rauwe. [Hysterical debility.] ‘ “Acute crampy, tearing pain in posterior muscles, especially those of calf; better in the morning, and from rubbing; worse toward evening and when quiet.”—Hg. [Neurasthenia.] “Rheumatic pains in limbs, rarely in joints; worse during rest; better from motion; arms at rest jerk and twitch.”—Hg. Hysteria, with over-sensitiveness of all the senses. Fever.—‘Short chill ; long-lasting heat; dull headache ; thirst with fainting during the chill."—Hg. [Very nervous people.] Long-lasting heat ; worse evenings ; neuralgia of the limbs and restlessness ; great thirst with the fever ; indigestion. “Profuse perspiration, especially at night; and from exertion, with violent thirst.".—Hg. [From great debility.] Frequent sudden attacks of perspiration, especially on the face, which again disappears suddenly, in hysterical women. Flushings of the face at the climacteric, with faintness, dysp- nea, cold perspiration, great restlessness, despondency, and great weaknes The hysterical element predominates in all diseases in which this drug is called for; and I most always use the Valerinate of Zinc, instead of the Valeriana. Aggravation.—From evening till midnight; after sleep and rest. The neuralgia is greatly aggravated by rest, and standing; relieved by rubbing. Amelioration.—From motion; after midnight, and from walking. 954 VERATRUM ALBUM. VERATRUM ALBUM. White Hellebore. Habitat: Europe, Asia, etc. Tincture of the dried root, Class IV. Antidotes.—Camph., Coff., Acon., Cinch., Ars., Ferr. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Veratrum has five special centers of action: I. Mucous M. (Gastro-IntEestinaL). Congestion; Inflanunation. II. Pyzumocastric N. Viol. Choleraic Vom.; Watery Diarrhea. Ill. Heart. Blood-Pressure Lessened; Collapse and Death. IV. TeEmpPERATURE. Greatly Lessened. VY. Crrepro-SpinaL System. (MororTract.) Spasms; Paralysis. Gastro-Intestinal Canal.—The picture Veratrum album pre- sents is decidedly choleraic. “There is general coldness, with prostration going on to collapse, embarrassed circulation, copious watery vomiting and purging, cramps in the extremities, and severe spasmodic colic. The vomiting and purging of Veratrum are specific; appearing, however the poison may have been introduced into the system. The more recent investigations of Schroff have further proved that these evacuations do not depend upon gastro-enteritis; as Veratrum, when introduced directly into the circulation, causes no inflammation, and even when swallowed produces at most a transient hyperemia of the parts. with which it comes in contact. If its action becomes more in- tensified, it causes a rapid degeneration of the gastric mucous. membrane, but no gastro-enteritis.”—Hughes. We do not agree with Schroff, in the statement that Veratrum does not produce gastro-intestinal inflammation, but believe, with Drs. C. L. Mitchell and Aulmont, that it does produce inflamma- tion. “According to the latter, the chief difference in the action of Veratrum album and the Viride, is in the intensity of the ac- tion of Veratrum album upon the alimentary canal, and the in- duction by it of violent inflammation of the whole alimentary mucous membrane; and death is much more apt to result from Veratrum album than from Veratrum viride.” VERATRUM ALBUM, 955 Heart and Circulation.—In cases of human poisoning with Veratrum album, in addition to the excessive vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and diarrhea, there is “very pronounced redue- tion of temperature and pulse, the latter being sometimes rapid and almost imperceptible in the advanced stages, and finally be- coming extinct, with sunken eyes, contracted, anxious counte- nance; acold, clammy skin, with profuse perspiration, and other evidences of collapse ; the mind remaining clear until the last.” — Wood. “The influence of Veratrine on the heart is very complicated. In the first place, the cardiac muscle suffers the same changes as the other muscles; and this would suffice in itself to account for the most of the symptoms. The heart, excised, and separated from all extrinsic nervous influence, when acted upon by the Veratrine, at first contracts more frequently and powerfully ; later on, the contractions diminish in: both frequency and force, till they cease altogether, and can not be renewed by direct irritation. It is highly probable that the intrinsic cardiac motor nerve cen- ters take the same share in this process as the muscles; but the regulatory cardiac nerves are also affected by the poison. The vagus is excited at its origin by small doses of the poison. Thus, in the frog and the rabbit, a retardation of pulsation has been observed, which after section of the vagus gives place to an ac- celeration. But the cardiac extremities also of the vagus are at first excited, and afterward paralyzed. The ultimate result of the action of Veratrine on the heart is, therefore, complete pa- ralysis. In the early stages of the action of Veratrine, an increase of blood-pressure is often noticed, together with acceleration of cardiac pulsation; but later on, there is a constant decrease of blood-pressure. This is attributable to the condition of the vessels ; for, according to Bezold and Hirt, these are first stimulated and contracted through their vaso-motor center by the poison, and later on they are paralyzed and dilated.”—Prof. H. von Boeck. Cerebro-Spinal System.—Through these nerves, Veratrum acts especially upon the muscular system. . “The investigations of Bezold and Hirt show that Veratrine at first increases and afterward diminishes muscular excitability. A muscle poisoned by Veratrine reacts for a long time to direct or indirect irritation by a twitching, which at the first glance might be mistaken for tetanus, but which is quite different in its course, and can be excited by very few poisons except Veratrine. The Veratrinized muscle generates much more heat upon simple irri- 956 VERATRUM ALBUM. tation than the healthy muscle. The action of the Veratrum mainly affects the muscles; and its influence on the motor nerves is comparatively subordinate. This influence of Veratrine on the muscles explains, at least partially, the phenomenon of muscular contraction. Another cause of these convulsions lies in the ac- tion of the poison on the motor nerve center, the convulsions all being central in action.”—Ziemssen. Dr. Hughes thinks the spasms are due to a direct action of the drug upon the muscular substance. They are a primary ex- pression of a toxic influence, which soon goes on to paralysis. Therapeutic Individuality. General Indications. —“Sudden sinking of innervation, causing loss of power to control one’s movements ; staggers about; feels dizzy; vision becomes obscure, and complete extinction of nervous power is going on at a fearful rate.”—Hempel. Mind and Head.—Cold sweat on the forehead, with anguish and fear of death; wanders about the house; is very taciturn ; demented ; headache causing delirium. Puerperal mania and convulsions, with violent cerebral con- gestion; bluish and bloated face; protruded eyes; wild shrieks, with disposition to tear and bite. Excessive mirthfulness; collapse of pulse; cold sweat on the forehead ; expression of fright; anxiety and stertorous breathing. “Attacks of pain, with delirium, driving to madness.”—Hg. “Disposed to talk about the faults of others, or silence ; but, if irritated, scolding and calling names.”—Hq. “She is inconsolable over a fancied misfortune, runs about the room howling and screaming; or sits brooding, wailing and weeping, and is inconsolable.”—Hah. “Blood rushes violently to the head on stooping ; headache, with vomiting of green mucus; headache in the vertex like a flat- tening, which becomes throbbing on movement.”—Hah. Vertigo in drunkards, opium-eaters, or those who use tobacco, characterized by sudden faintings, collapse of pulse ; loss of vision; cold sweat on forehead ; nervous headache at each menstruation. “Sick-headache, in which diuresis forms a crisis.”—F’, “Sensation as if a lump of ice was on top of head.”—Raue. “Sensation as if a bunch of hair were electrified ; crawling and bristling of the hair, with coldness of the scalp.”—Hah. Face.—Cold, collapsed face; pinched-up, bluish nose ; dry and cracked lips; lock-jaw; grating of the teeth, with cold sweat on the forehead. VERATRUM ALBUM. 957 “While in bed, face is red; after getting up, it becomes pale; neck too weak to hold up the head, particularly in children with whooping-cough.”— Hg. “Leaden color of the face, with frequent nausea and vomiting, and great exhaustion.”—G. Eyes.—Pupils contracted, with diplopia and photophobia. Hemeralopia, with great dryness of the lids, and diarrhea. Eyes distorted, fixed, sunken, lusterless, surrounded by dark rings, in intestinal and choleraic diseases. Nose.—Nose grows more pointed ; face and mouth icy cold. Epistaxis, from right side, especially at night. The inside of the nose and throat feel too dry. Mouth.—Tongue cold; voice feeble in choleraic diseases. Great dryness of the mouth; dry, blackish, cracked tongue, or coated yellow, with red tip and edges. Burning in the mouth and throat, with profuse flow of saliva. Throat dry and burning, with scraping in the throat. Unquenchable desire for cold drinks; wants everything cold. “Thirst, with craving for the coldest drinks.”—G. Aversion to warm drinks; flat, sweetish taste. Stomach.—Craves fruits, juicy food, or salty things. “Frequent nausea or vomiting, with leaden color of the face, and cold perspiration, especially on the forehead.”—G. Motion, or the least quantity of liquid, excites nausea and vio- lent vomiting. Nausea, with profuse salivation and violent thirst. Violent, forcible, excessive vomiting of food, of green mucus, of slimy, acid, foamy mucus; of bile and blood, with continued nausea ; fainting, and excessive prostration. Burning and oppression in the epigastrium; irritation and neuralgia of the coeliac plexus ; nausea and vomiting; great pros- tration and cold perspiration. “Violent pressure in the pit of the stomach, which extends. into the sternum, the hypochondriac region, and as far as the ilia, with violent vomiting.” —Hah. Abdomen.—tTerrible colic; violent nausea, and vomiting, with copious watery diarrhcea and great prostration. Colicodynia, with sensation as if the bowels were tied up in knots ; the suffering causes cold sweat on the forehead. Burning in the bowels like hot coals; much flatulence and great tenderness of the abdomen. 958 VERATRUM ALBUM. Stool.—‘“As the autumn comes on, when vomiting is super- added to the purging, and when the intestinal evacuations are expelled in a forcible gush, with little or no griping; colic often associated with hiccough, and a sensation of suffocation in the chest.” —Hughes. Very exhausting, copious, involuntary watery diarrhwa, ex- pelled with great force; great weakness after every stool, with cold sweat on the forehead. Involuntary watery diarrhcea without the patient’s knowledge, with hippocratic countenance, and cold extremities. “Frequent violent diarrhea, profuse and painful.” —Hah. “Constipation on account of the hardness and large size of the stools; can not be expelled.”—Hak. [Paralysis.] Urinary Organs.—Urine scanty; red; often suppressed in choleraic diseases ; during coughing and typhoid fever, it is often involuntary. Sexual Organs, Female.—Nymphomania, from unsatisfied passion or mental causes ; puerperal mania. “Dysmenorrhea, with vomiting and purging; or exhausting diarrhea, with cold sweat, especially on the forehead.”—Hg. Menses too early, too profuse, and very exhausting. Respiratory Organs.—Cold breath, with great prostration, and cold perspiration on the forehead. Spasmodic loose cough, with blue face; suffocation ; retching. Veratrum is not called for until the second or loose stage of ca- tarrh, when the mucus is secreted in great quantities, and the spasmodic element prevails; this rattling mucus is expectorated with great difficulty. Capillary bronchitis; blue face; cedema of the lungs, and great fear of suffocation. “Asthma in damp, cold weather; in early morning; better on throwing the head back; inclination for motion, with cold sweat of upper part of body.”—Hg. Constriction of the larynx; suffocative fits ; spasm of glottis. Heart.—“Palpitation ; anxiety; rapid respiration.”—Becher. “Violent beating of the heart, which moves the ribs.” —Hah. Very slow pulse, which is almost lost; irregular; intermittent. Oppression of the chest about the heart, with dyspnea and anguish. “Palpitation in the anemic; agony of death; legs cold; diffi- cult breathing ; better at rest or lying down.”"—Hy. [Cholera.] VERATRUM ALBUM. 959 Neck and Back.—Neck so weak the child can scarcely keep it erect. , “The muscles of the nape of the neck seem paralyzed.” —Hah. “Rheumatism between the scapule; from nape of neck to the small of the back; burning along the spine.”—Hat. Upper Extremities.—Hands blue and icy cold, in cholera. “Arms feel cold and too full, when raising them; neuralgia of brachial nerve; arms tremble much.”—Hg. “Crawling in the hands, as if they had been asleep.”——-Hah. Lower Extremities.—Great weakness of all the limbs. “Walking very difficult; like paralysis, changes from hip to hip.”—Hah. “Cramp in calves; pain in shin bones, as if broken.”—Hah. Trembling of the limbs; spasms; great debility following. “Complete muscular prostration; rapid sinking of all the forces ; he sinks down completely exhausted ; great paleness of the face.” —Hah. Sudden swelling of the feet; they are cold and anasarcous. Skin.—Skin blue, purple, cold ; wrinkled (cholera). Scarlatina; measles, eruption tardy; nausea, vomiting, and great prostration. Skin livid, cold; pulse thready; drowsy, and very restless. Fever.—Fevers with great coldness externally, and violent in- ternal heat; pulse thread-like; great craving for cold drinks; people who are habitually cold and deficient in vital reaction. . Chill and coldness predominate, with cold sweat on forehead. Intermittents, with coldness overshadowing everything, and great thirst ; congestive in nature, relieved by warmth; chilliness runs from head to feet; sweat, with deathly pale face; pneumo- gastric nerve involved, with nausea; violent vomiting; diarrhea, and great prostration. “Sweat cold, clammy; offensive, bitter smelling, or staining yellow; always with deathly pale face.”—Hg. Copious cold, clammy sweat with every stool; in cholera. Cold sweats, and vomiting of mucus, with cholera morbus. In most all gastric diseases calling for this drug, there will be found cold sweat upon the forehead. Agegravation.—After drinking, or eating ice-cream; before and during stool; on rising ; morning and evening. Amelioration.—While sitting and lying; in the open air, and during the day. : 960 VERATRUM VIRIDE. VERATRUM VIRIDE. Green Hellebore. Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the dried root (green is better), Class IV. Talways use Squibb’s Fluid Extract. Norwood’s Saturated Tincture can not compare with it. Antidotes.—Stimulants, Ether, Caps., Injections of Ammonia, Op., Amyl nit, Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Veratrum viride has sixteen special centers of action : I. Corp (ANTERIOR). Muscular Paral.; Loss of Reflex Action. IL Corp (PosrErior). Slight Anesthesia; Newralgia. Ill. Vaart. Paralysis; Death from Asphyzia. IV. Sromacu. Violent Emesis, with Hiccough; Inflammation. V. Liver. Through Vagi, Increased Secretions; Inflammation. VI. Intestines. Venous Congestion; Constipation. VIL. Kipneys. Slightly Diuretic. Uric Acid Increased. Inhib. Card. Nerves, (1) Stimul., (2) Paralyzed. VILL. Heart.< Ganglia Paralyzed; Blood-Pressure Lessened. Pulsation Lowered 85 to 50; Greatly Weakened. IX. Vaso-Motor Nerve Centers. Paral.; Capillaries Dilated. X. Temperature. Greatly Lowered, 2° to 5° C. , XI. Skin. Diaphoresis. Slightly Anesthetic. Erythema. XII. Eves. Mydriasis from Paralysis of Third Nerve: XIII. Ears. Auditory Nerve Paralyzed. XIV. Lunes. Sthenic Congestion; Inflammation. XV. SexuaL O., Femate. Intense Congestion. XVI. Mucous MemBranes. Catarrhal Inflammation. Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.—The action of Veratrum viride upon the brain is to utterly prostrate its function, and thereby produce intense arterial capillary congestion. On the contrary, Belladonna produces its congestion by exciting the cere- bral functions. In animals experimented upon with this drug by myself, the microscopical examination of the brain which was made by my friend Dr. C. Adams, revealed intense capillary con- VERATRUM VIRIDE. 961 gestion of both the white fibrous structure and gray cineritous substance; there being more congestion in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum. We found great congestion of the pons. Noth- nagel says: “The convulsive center is located in a limited space, on the floor of the fourth ventricle, in the pons Varolii.” This solves the problem why Veratrum viride is so valuable in spasms of a congestive character. In puerperal convulsions that have for their origin some emotional cause, accompanied with excessive cerebral hyperemia, no known remedy can equal the Veratrum viride. The same may be said of sudden congestive eclampsia of children. “On account of the violence of the convulsions, it has been asserted that Veratrum viride is a spinal excitant. The convulsions are, however, really of brain, and not of spinal origin, as they do not follow poisoning by Veratrum viride when the cord has been previously cut." —Dr. H.C. Wood. Cord.—Veratrum viride contains two Alkaloids, Jervia and Veratroidia. Their action being so similar, I shall not hesitate to write them up together. This drug has a powerful depressant action upon the motor nervous system, generally producing com- plete paralysis of the whole motor apparatus ; but, in some cases, violent spasms are prominent symptoms. The spasms are both tonic and clonic; frequently come on like galvanic shocks. “In frogs, as well as in the higher animals, poisoned with Jervia, there is a very marked diminution, and finally abolition, of reflex activity; and, as the functions of neither peripheral nerves nor muscles are interfered with, it is evident that the Alkaloid is an intensely powerful spinal depressant. The general symptoms. produced by Veratroidia resemble those caused by Jervia; but it is decidedly more irritating than the latter, and always produces vomiting, and occasionally purging. In poisoning by it, there is in most cases some muscular twitching, and finally marked convulsions ; but neither of these are so severe and so repeated as in the case of Viridia. Death takes place from asphyxia, due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles. Upon the spinal cord, the peripheral nerves, and the muscles, Veratroidia acts very much as does Jervia, being a decided spinal depressant.”—Dr. H. C. Wood. Medulla Oblongata.—The most of the action of Veratrum vir- ide is spent upon the medulla oblongata. Paralysis of its functions are prominently portrayed in all animals, and in men, poisoned With this drug. The medulla is the center that controls respira- tion; and no remedy interferes with respiration as a depressant 962 VERATRUM VIRIDE. more than this. A marked feature of Veratrum viride is its action upon the pneumogastric nerve, paralyzing its functions and producing congestion and inflammation in every organ and tissue to which it is distributed; indeed, its therapeutic power in congestion and inflammation is mainly shown in the organs and tissues that are under the immediate control of the par vagum. Nerves of Sensation.—The action of Veratrum viride upon the posterior portion of the cord is nothing like as marked as upon the anterior portion ; but it does produce slight anesthesia. When given in neuralgia and rheumatism, it allays the pain and hyper- zsthesia with great celerity. Muscular System and Fibrous Tissues.—The striped mus- cular fibers of animal life lose their power of contractility, and are profoundly prostrated. This muscular prostration is due to the paralyzing influence the remedy has upon the functions of the cerebellum and antero-lateral portion of the spinal cord. My experiments upon animals were too short to produce much structural change in the spinal cord; but I regret it was not examined with the microscope. I hope some one will finish what I have neglected. No remedy produces greater relaxation and prostration of the whole muscular system. In half an hour the animal would be completely prostrated and not able to move a limb, remaining in any position in which it was placed. I would call the particular attention of the profession to this complete prostration and relaxation of the whole muscular system. It acts upon the same gray matter of the cord that Strychnia does, af- fecting the cells, however, in a manner directly opposite to that of Strychnia ; for Strychnia excites, while Veratrum viride prostrates, I believe no known drug, when given in lethal doses, is equal to Veratrum viride as an antidote for Strychnia; and I have the pleasure to know that I have saved one human life from death by Strychnine through the antidotal powers of this drug. That the convulsions sometimes produced by this drug, pro- ceed from the central nervous system, is proved by the fact, that in animals all the muscles are equally affected, and, even in ex- periments on animals when the arteries leading to the muscles 3 have been ligatured before the administration of the poison, con- — vulsions take place as usual. In convulsions and myalgia, Vera- trum viride has proved of signal service, when given in lethal doses. Mouth, Fauces and sophagus.—The yellow coating upon the tongue, and the bitter taste in the mouth, point to a func » VERATRUM VIRIDE. 963 tional derangement of the liver. The motor force of the pharyn- geal branches of the pneumogastric is so powerfully irritated as to throw the esophagus into constant spasm, as shown by the fre- quent and long-continued singultus, and the constant sensation as if a ball were rising in the esophagus. In my own proving of the remedy, spasm of the cesophagus was one of the most prom- inent symptoms produced. In animals, the microscopical exami- nation of the mucous membrane of the cesophagus revealed in- tense congestion and inflammation of the tissue,—a fact well worth remembering; for there are but few remedies that cause inflammation of the esophagus. Stomach.—One of the most prominent effects of Veratrum viride is to produce intense congestion of the pneumogastric nerve, at its origin in the medulla oblongata, and through the whole length of the nerve, the microscope revealing its vessels perfectly gorged with blood. This explains the phenomena of the action of Veratrum viride upon all the organs to which the par vagum is distributed. It is capable of producing inflammation in every organ under the control of the pnewmogastric nerve; viz., esophagus, stom- ach, liver, and lungs. No remedy can produce more marked inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. Through the filaments of the vagi, the mucous follicles of the stomach are greatly excited, so as to cause them to pour out an immense amount of ropy mucus. Its emetic power, causing nausea and long-continued vomiting, is from its irritating action, not only upon the filaments, but upon the whole, of the par vagum, and from inflammation, making the vomiting neurotic as well as gastric. Poisonous doses are powerfully emetic, producing intense nau- sea and incessant attempts at vomiting, throwing up quantities of ropy mucus and bilious matter, with constant hiccough ; absolute muscular prostration ; faintness; vertigo; dilated pupils; loss of vision ; semi-unconsciousness ; weak, almost imperceptible, pulse ; cold, clammy skin. This was finely illustrated in the case of my own daughter, Mary L. Burt, when at the age of twenty-one months. She got hold of my pocket-case, and took about one drachm of the tinc- ture. She could not have had the case more than five minutes before I discovered her; but in a few moments she commenced vomiting. I immediately gave her half a cup of coffee, then went for some Camphor, and returned in five minutes. Her jaws were then rigid, and nothing could be put into her mouth; pupils of 964 VERATRUM VIRIDE. the eyes widely dilated; face blue; hands and feet cold; no pulse to be found at the wrist. Bathed her bowels and back with Cam- phor for a few moments, when she went into a spasm, with violent shrieks; body bent backward; arms rigid and thrown over her head; face livid; breathing suspended for several seconds. This. lasted about two minutes. She remained easy for a few mo- ments, and then went into another spasm similar to the first. I then placed her in a tub of warm water, which soon relaxed the whole muscular system. Vomiting kept up, with severe retching every few minutes for three hours, when it gradually subsided. The matter vomited was a white, ropy mucus. The interval be- tween vomiting for three hours was not at any time longer than five minutes, and most of the time did not exceed one minute. She remained pulseless all the time, with a blue, hippocratic face, and hands and feet shriveled up, as if they had been in wa- ter for a long time. When she was not vomiting, she lay in a stupor, with the pupils of the eyes widely dilated. After three hours the pulse could be counted; it was thirty-six, and very feeble. In three and a quarter hours after taking the Veratrum, she went to sleep, and slept soundly for three hours, and then awoke well, except being a little weak. The leading symptoms in this case were, constant vomiting of white, ropy fluid; dilatation of the pupils; comatose state of the brain; excessive muscular prostration; spasms; trismus; great congestion of blood to the lungs; blue, pinched,up hippocratic face, with cold nose, hands, and feet; no pulse for three hours. Liver.—Through the filaments of the pneumogastric nerve, Veratrum viride produces congestion and inflammation of the liver. In animals poisoned with this drug, the microscope re- vealed the intra-lobular veins perfectly gorged with blood. It also. ereatly increases the secretion of bile. In bilious and intermit- tent fevers, where the poison centers upon the par vagum, and there is vomiting of bile, Veratrum viride will be found of great. value, and the same with acute hepatitis. Intestines.—Upon the intestines, its action is but slight; though, from its action upon the liver, we have more or less ve- nous congestion of the bowels. It hardly ever acts as a cathartic; but, in some cases, it produces a copious watery diarrhea. Its. main action is to produce constipation. Kidneys.—Here Veratrum viride acts as a mild diuretic, from. increased blood-pressure. The solids of the urine are increased.. VERATRUM VIRIDE. 965 Heart.—The profound paralysis of the whole circulatory ap- paratus produced by Veratrum viride, demands our closest study. The most characteristic property of this drug, is to lessen the cardiac movements, and lower the vascular tonus of the arteries. Small doses first reduce the force, without much lessening the frequency of the pulse; but larger doses greatly lessen the cardiac pulsations, in some cases down to thirty per minute. “If any ex- ertion be made during this stage of depression, the slow pulse will be suddenly converted into an exceedingly rapid one. The slow pulse is sometimes moderately full, but is always very soft and compressible. The rapid pulse is exceedingly feeble, small, and often thready, and may become imperceptible. Severe nau- sea and vomiting accompany or follow the reduction of the pulse- rate. That the latter is not due to gastric disturbance is, how- ever, shown by the fact that it often precedes the stomach symp- toms, and may exist without them. Thus, Prof. Percy states, that he has seen the pulse reduced to thirty per minute without nausea being induced. During the stage of depression, there is always decided muscular weakness and relaxation. “In full therapeutic doses, it lowers the pulse-rate, both by a direct action on the muscle (Jervia) and by stimulating the inhib- itory nerves (Veratroidia); it diminishes the force of the heart- beat by a direct influence on the cardiac muscle (Jervia), and pro- duces a general vaso-motor paralysis (Jervia), more or less com- plete, according to the size of the dose. . . . Evidently, large _ doses of Veratroidia paralyze the cardiac inhibitory apparatus, while small ones stimulate it intensely. The paralysis is cer- tainly peripheral. Whether the stimulation is centric or periph- eral, has not as yet been determined. When enormous doses of Veratroidia are thrown directly on the heart by venous injec- tion, they at once kill the cardiac muscle. . . . When arti. ficial respiration is kept up, Veratroidia is powerless to reduce the pulse-rate. When the par vagum has been divided, artificial respiration being maintained, Veratroidia is powerless to reduce the pulse-rate ; and, when the pulse-rate has been reduced by the drug in the uninjured animal, division of the par vagum is fol- lowed by an enormous rise in the number of cardiac beats per minute. These facts certainly prove that Veratroidia is a power- ful stimulant to the inhibitory nerves of the heart. Moreover, I have found, that, when the spinal cord is divided so as to paralyze the antagonists to the par vagum, one-thirtieth of a grain of the poison will at once produce diastolic arrest of the heart’s action ; butif the pneumogastrics be now severed, and the repressive force 966 VERATRUM VIRIDE. thus taken off, the relaxed, seemingly dead, viscus recommences its beat. The slow pulse of mild Veratroidia-poisoning becomes rapid when a large dose of the poison is injected. Further, after a large dose, division of the pneumogastrics has no effect upon the pulse-rate, and the most intense galvanic current applied to the peripheral ends of the divided nerves is powerless to affect the viscus.”"—H. C. Wood, M. D. Vaso-Motor Nervous System.—Veratrum viride is a powerful depressant of the vaso-motor nerve centers, especially its Alkaloid Jervia. “Dr. F. Reigel has demonstrated that the rise of arterial pressure which occurs in asphyxia, is largely due to vaso-motor spasm. In Viridia-poisoning, asphyxia has very little influence upon the arterial pressure, because the vaso-motor centers are paralyzed. In Veratroidia-poisoning, the slightest intermission in the working of the bellows of the apparatus for artificial respira- tion, is followed at once by an enormous rise of the mercury in the cardiometer,—conclusive proof that the vaso-motor centers. are not seriously affected. In estimating the physiological action of Veratroidia, it must be borne in mind that artificial respiration was maintained during the study of the action of the drug on the heart and vaso-motor centers; that its influence on the respira- tory centers is so intense as to overbalance its cardiac action, and, when the animal is left to itself, to cause death before any decided influence has been exerted upon the heart. The action may be summed up as follows: It is a powerful respira- tory poison, lessening at first the frequency of the cardiac beat by stimulating the pneumogastrics, but they soon lose all their con- trol over the heart, owing to the powerful influences which the in- duced asphyxia exerts.” —H. C. Wood. Temperature.—Veratrum viride lowers the animal tempera- ture very decidedly. “Aulmount asserts, as the result of his ex- periments, that in animals, from half an hour to two hours after the administration of such doses as would produce violent symp- toms without killing, the temperature fell 2°, 38°, or even 5° C., and remained at this point for twenty-four hours.”—Wood. The reduction of temperature is one of the positive effects of this drug when given in acute inflammatory fevers. Skin.—Upon the skin, Veratrum viride acts as a mild diapho- retic. In some instances, the perspiration is very profuse; but. generally the skin is soft, moist, and very cool. The profound arterial depression causes the increased activity of the functions — VERATRUM VIRIDE. 967 of the skin; and the perspiratory glands are not specifically affected. Eyes.—Veratrum viride has a marked and specific action upon the eye. Through its paralyzing influence upon the third nerve, it produces marked dilatation of the pupil. This mydri- atic effect of paralysis of the circular fibers of the iris, has never, to my knowledge, been utilized. In surgical operations upon the eye, [ would strongly urge a trial of this drug, especially of its Alkaloid. Fars.—Veratrum viride produces paralysis of the auditory nerve, with singing noises in the ears, from its congestive action upon the brain, at the origin of this nerve. Sexual Organs, Female.—Here Veratrum viride produces acute congestion, with its attending symptoms, as dysmenorrhea with scanty menstruation; metritis, ovaritis, and mastitis; and, in the acute form of those diseases with marked sympathy of the par vagum, this drug has been of great value. Its true action upon these organs is not fully known. Mucous Membranes.— Veratrum viride produces well-marked acute catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, lungs, mouth, cesophagus, stomach, and gall-bladder. Lungs.—No remedy in the Materia Medica produces such sudden and intense congestion and inflammation of the lungs as is caused by Veratrum viride, through its paralytic influence upon the motor filaments of the pneumogastric nerve. Twelve cats and three dogs killed with the Veratrum viride all had inflammation of the lungs of the most marked character. The microscope revealed intense congestion and a large number of the capillary vessels ruptured. Sections of the lungs were so completely hepatized, that, when thrown into the water, they im- mediately sank to the bottom of the vessel. Upon the mucous follicles of the bronchial mucous membrane, it has a specific action, causing them to secrete an immense amount of mucus. This the microscope most beautifully illus- trated, the smallest air-cells being completely filled with mucus. The abundant testimony, in all schools, that Veratrum viride will cure pneumonia during its first stages, is one of the fixed and positive facts in therapeutic medicine, which I have confirmed time and again. 968 VERATRUM VIRIDE. Therapeutic Individuality. Mind.—From sudden congestion, we have quarrelsome | ium; or great mental depression, and fear of death. The pa often in a semi-stupor, sometimes complete coma, as see puerperal convulsions ; puerperal insanity. “Puerperal mania; silent, suspicious; will not see her p cian, he seems to terrify her; fears being poisoned ; sleepless hardly be kept in her room; depression of spirits.”—Hy. “Mental confusion; loss of memory; stupefaction; ver cerebral hyperemia ; insanity from cerebral congestion.” —A Head.—Intense cerebral congestion, feeling as though head would burst open; with nausea and vomiting Sudden spasms from congestion of blood to the head. “T know of no drug, not even Belladonna, so useful in affec of the head, when they are of a congestive character. It is useful when the congestion arises from plethora, vascular irrita coup de soleil, alcoholic stimulants, teething in children, and ¢ cially when it occurs from suppressed discharges, with a fe of fullness; weight or distention of the head; giddiness; int headache; fullness and throbbing of the arteries; stupefact increased sensitiveness to sound, with buzzing, roaring, etc., double vision.”—Dr. Hale. Can hardly hold the head up, from paralysis of the muscl the neck; pale, cold face; livid color of the face in convuls nose looks pinched, cold, and blue, with nausea and vomitin; In eclampsia of children from sudden cerebral congestior have no remedy that will equal this ; but it must be given in seating doses to get its best and lasting effects. Cerebro-spinal meningitis, in its first stage, that has com with great suddenness, with great cerebral congestion, na and vomiting ; hard, full, slow pulse and marked opisthotono In acute meningitis and cerebritis, in the first and active ¢ of inflammation ; the congestion is so great that the patient i lirious, and often insensible ; face purple; throbbing of the e: ids; sometimes severe convulsions set in, and death seems it nent; from intense heat, or over-exertion. Congestive headache from suppression of the menses, Or | headache; menses scanty and pale; the intense congestic almost apoplectic, accompanied with violent nausea and vomi Eyes.—Dimness of vision from congestion of blood to the of the brain, with nausea and vomiting, VERATRUM VIRIDE. 969 Dilated pupils, with dimness of vision; green and red circles around the candle ; twitching of the eyelids. Loss of sight, from paralysis of the heart, with great faintness. Paralysis of the eyelids ; complete ptosis. Ears.—Ringing in the ears from congestion of blood to the head ; very sensitive to noise; paralysis of the auditory nerve, pro- ducing deafness. Neuralgia of the auditory nerve. (Apply locally.) Face.—Flushed from cerebral congestion; convulsive twitch- ing of the face; cold and bluish, covered with cold sweat; nose pinched, cold, and blue; paleness around the ale nasi, or copious secretion from the nostrils ; Hippocratic face. Dry mouth and lips all day, with flushed face. Mouth.— Copious secretion of saliva, with nausea. Tongue coated yellow, and feels as if it had been scalded. “Tongue yellow at the sides, with a red streak along the center, and inclined to be dry.”—-Dr. W. S. Searle. [Bilious typhoid.] Throat.—Frequent and long-continued hiccough, with a con- stant sensation as if a ball were rising in the cesophagus. “Dryness and heat in the throat; severe hiccough ; burning in fauces and cesophagus, with constant inclination to swallow.” —Hqg. Acute inflammation of the whole length of the esophagus, with constant hiccough ; nausea and violent vomiting. Acute spasmodic stricture of the cesophagus. Stomach.—Nausea and vomiting. Sudden nausea, with vio- lent vomiting and hiccough ; violent and long-continued vomiting, without much nausea; vomiting of food, and then large quantities of glairy mucus; the least quantity of food produces violent vom- iting, from acute gastritis. Obstinate vomiting from inflammatory cerebral disease. Vomiting of bile in bilious fevers, or eruptive diseases. Vomiting of bile and blood, in yellow fever ; great thirst. “T consider the empty, painful retching, with ejection of a little bloody, frothy mucus, as the chief indication.”—Hale. Excessive thirst, but drinking brings on the vomiting. A capital remedy for gastralgia and spasm of the stomach; and no remedy produces more marked inflammation of the gas- tric mucous membrane, with great thirst and violent retching. “Excruciating pain covering a space the size of the hand, in the lower part of the stomach; the pains culminate every five 970 VERATRUM VIRIDE. minutes in severe vomiting; the pain is drawing, twitching, as if the stomach was tightly drawn against the spine, causing pain in the dorsal region.” —Hg. Liver.—Acute congestion in hepatitis, with constant nausea and vomiting of bilious matter; first stages has pain in the he- patic region, passing down to the groin, of a dull aching charac- ter, especially in the region of the gall-bladder, accompanied with intense fever, hard pulse, etc. Abdomen.—Neuralgic pains in the abdomen; heavy aching pains in the umbilicus; pain and soreness across the abdomen just above the pelvis. Pain in the hypogastrium, with much tympanitis. “Enteritis, with high fever, great vascular excitement; vomit- ing; dark, bloody stools."—Hg. [Peritonitis.] Stools.—Stools mushy; or copious and watery, and some- times bloody ; but constipation is more apt to be present in diseases that call for Veratrum viride. Urine.—Urine first increased, and then diminished ; the solid constituents are increased, specific gravity diminished. In con- gestion of the kidneys attending the last stage of pregnancy, when uremic convulsions are threatened, or really present, this drug will do great good. Sexual Organs, Male.—Severe neuralgia of the testicles. In acute orchitis that takes on an erysipelatous nature, the local and internal use of this drug will be of great value. Sexual Organs, Female.—In many congestive diseases of these organs, it will be found of great use. Dr. Peterson says he has relieved hundreds of cases of menstrual colic with this rem- edy, in drop doses of the tincture; and I can testify to the same facts, but not in so many cases. With the menstrual colic, or dysmenorrhea, there is much nausea and vomiting, with plethora, and much cerebral congestion. “Menstrual colic, with great congestion and troublesome strangury.”—Hg. In acute metritis and.ovaritis, attended with a high grade of fever, no remedy is more efficient. It equals Apis in pelvic cellu- litis; in fact, to treat a case of this grave disease successfully without these two remedies, is next to impossible. They often prevent the suppuration. VERATRUM VIRIDE. 971 In puerperal peritonitis, or metritis, with gastric symptoms, and high fever, it is invaluable. Dr. Ludlam has great confi- dence in it to prevent puerperal fever, and inflammation of the mamme. In any congestive disease of these organs, where we have reflex symptoms that center upon the par vagum, Veratrum viride is one of our sheet anchors. Dr. Ludlam uses it to increase the secretion of milk. I find it of signal service in acute mas- titis, with high febrile action, and much tumefaction. Applied locally as well as used internally. In rigid os uteri during labor, nauseating doses will relax and so soften it that labor will be much facilitated. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy; cerebral congestion. In puerperal convultions, no known remedy can equal Veratrum viride, if given in lethal doses, so as to produce complete acinesia. Not only will it arrest the eclampsia, but the intense congestion of blood to the brain, with its blue, livid face and profound coma, or wild delirium, will soon cease when the acinesia is complete. Puerperal mania has often been cured with this drug. In hysterical convulsions, with cerebral congestion and gastric symptoms, large doses will arrest the convulsions; but, to eradicate the tendency, we have much better remedies. Respiratory Organs.—We have an abundance of testimony in all schools, that Veratrum viride will cure pnewmonia, espe- cially the sthenic form, during the first or congestive stage, clear up tothe commencement of suppuration. Prof. Lee says: “Pneu- monia is the disease in which Veratrum viride is particularly in- dicated. It seems to have more controlling power over this than any other disease, reducing the inflammation, and favoring ex- pectoration in a few hours. In some instances, vomiting is in- duced of a tough, viscid mucus; the pulse now rapidly declines, if not affected before, the breathing becomes very easy, and the patient falls quietly into an easy sleep, with perhaps a gentle perspiration. The dose now is to be managed so as to sustain the depressed circulation. I find that in pneumonia it is better to. reduce the pulse at once. The inflammation being in a degree arrested, the lung is saved from the more severe consequences of the second stage, or that of red hepatization, the concrete fibrin- ous exudation being caused by an inflammatory action. Thus, the cause being in part removed, the exudation is greatly arrested,,. and convalescence commences at once.” For vesicular bronchitis, it is a remedy of great value, in the ‘sthenic form, with high fever, nausea and vomiting, etc. 972, VERATRUM VIRIDE. In asthma, lethal doses will often do wonders, where there is great lung and cerebral congestion; much excitement; nausea, vomiting; loose, rattling, wheezing cough. To get the desired result, doses large enough to produce nausea are necessary. It reduces the respirations more than one-half; and, from the spe- cific action it has on the vagi, we see at once why this drug is so great a palliative. The cough is short, dry, hacking, or loose, rattling, aggravated by going from a warm room into cold air. Heart.—From its irritating effect upon the vagus, the heart’s action is lessened to a wonderful degree, often to thirty beats per minute. In carditis and pericarditis, there is burning and prick- ing in the cardiac region; the pulsations are loud and strong, with great arterial excitement. In inflammatory fevers calling for this drug, the pulse is full, hard, and bounding; becomes softer under its action; sometimes irregular, intermittent. In rheumatism of the heart in plethoric people, with great arterial excitement. Dr. Scudder says, that, in small doses, it is as much of a tonie as Digitalis is in large; but, if given in too large doses, it will produce cardiac debility, with fainting and collapse. Sudden cardiac syncope; comes on suddenly in the healthy. Dr. Hale saysit has done him good service in hypertrophy with dilatation, used as a continuous remedy, and not as a palliative; but I believe that Digitalis will far excel this drug in this dis- tressing malady. In diseases with excessive action of the heart, with pulse full and hard,—and the pulse of this drug is always full and hard,— we have no known remedy that will soften and bring it down to normal and below normal equal to the Veratrum viride. Neck and Back.—Much aching in the back of the neck, and shoulders ; can hardly hold head up. (Cerebro-spinal meningitis.) Acute inflammation of the spine; head drawn backward. “Opisthotonos; arterial excitement; hands and feet cold; shocks in the limbs; congestion of brain and spine; loss of con- sciousness.” —Hq. Myalgia of the muscles of the back. (Locally.) Limbs, Upper.—Convulsions of the arms and hands. Flying pains in the joints ; rheumatic intammation. Paralysis ; tingling of the limbs, from cerebral congestion. Limbs, Lower.—High fever, with acute rheumatism of the joints, but more especially the muscles. VERATRUM VIRIDE. 973. Much pain in the hip-joints and about the condyles. Convulsions of all the limbs; trembling of the whole body; twitching and contortions of the body; cramps in legs and fingers, the ankles feel as if dislocated. In chorea, this drug has made some brilliant cures, in acute, congestive, rheumatic cases, given in pretty large doses. Skin.—Much itching and burning of the skin; high fever; tingling of the skin ; eruptions with intense fever. Scarlatina, with intense arterial excitement ; congestion of the brain, with violent nausea and vomiting. Measles during the febrile and eruptive stage ; pulmonary con- gestion, and impending or actual convulsions. Small-pox before the eruption ; cerebral congestion and exces- sive nausea, vomiting, and great prostration. Skin, cold, clammy, bluish, insensible ; shriveled as in cholera. All eruptive fevers, with excessively high temperature; hard, full pulse, and a tendency to congestion of brain, chest, or stomach. In erysipelas, especially if cerebral symptoms should set in from metastasis of the inflammation to the brain, with hard, very: full pulse. (A lotion of thirty drops to a pint of water has often done signal service.) Cellulitis is well marked, with much swell- ing and redness. Fever.—In ephemeral and irritative fever, with intense con- gestion of the brain; pulse excessively high, hard, and full, with headache, vertigo, dimness of vision, nausea, vomiting, and much restlessness, with thirst, and myalgic symptoms, this is an excel- lent remedy. In septic fevers, Veratrum, as a rule, is not often called for, It has no septic action upon the blood, and is therefore counter-in- dicated in these diseases; but, when these fevers center upon the brain, lungs, heart, or spine, Veratrum will often be found of great value to relieve the intense congestion. Coldness of the whole body; cold sweat on face, hands, and feet, in choleraic diseases; nausea and violent vomiting pre- dominates ; weak, small pulse. Bilious fever ; headache; tongue coated thickly, yellow; vom- iting of bile; loss of appetite; great thirst, and dry skin. Rheumatism, muscular form (locally and internally) ; inclina- tion to profuse diaphoresis, and great prostration. Profuse cold, clammy perspiration, rules Veratrum viride. Aggravation.—Morning and evening. Amelioration.—Bending forward and lying down. 974 ZINCUM. ZINCUM. Zine. An element. Triturate up to the 8d centesimal, and then dissolve one grain with 50 drops of distilled water and 50 drops of Alcohol. Antidotes.—Camph., Hepar, Ignat., Albumen and Milk, and Carbonates. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Zinc has six special centers of action: I. Ceresro-S. 8. Tonic; Depression; Sensory and Motor Paral. II. Sromacu. (Sulphate.) Powerful Emesis. Ill. Intestines. Slow Digestion; Flatulency; Constipation. IV. Buoop. Hydremia; Venous Hemorrhages; Varices. V. Cracunation. Vaso-Motor Spasm. VL. Ssrous Mempranes. Inflammation; Dropsical Effusions. Cerebro-Spinal System.—Zincum has a powerful tonic ac- tion upon the peripheral extremities of the motor and sentient nerves, and corresponds to diseases of the nervous system as Iron does to those of the blood. The depression of nutrition is sym- pathetic,—and not from its direct action upon the organic nerv- ous system. Wibmer says: “The action of small doses, if their use is continued beyond a certain period, may produce a certain cachexia, with complete prostration of the ‘nutritive functions. The intellectual faculties are likewise impaired, the beats of the heart are slow and feeble, and the power of locomotion and strength of body are enfeebled to a high degree.” This cachexia greatly resembles that of Lead. Stomach.—The Sulphate of Zinc is a very prompt and efficient emetic, fifteen grains acting without much preliminary nausea or depression. But, if too long continued, it may produce ulcera- tion of the mucous membrane, which is covered with a tough mu- cus. In Chloride of Zine poisoning, the appearances of corrosion are very marked, and cicatrization of the mucous membrane of the stomach is seen, and contraction of the pylorus has been produced. ZINCUM. * G5 Chronic Zinc-poisoning which occurs in factories is very simi- Jay to Lead-poisoning, causing dyspepsia, emaciation, colic, with constipation, but more often diarrhoea, with muscular pains and contractions. Sometimes intestinal catarrh, with marasmus, yeaches a high grade; and in some, epilepsy is produced. Kidneys.—There is slight congestion, and albuminuria from increased blood-pressure. In some, the urine is loaded with the urate of ammonia, with a small quantity of sugar. Blood.—Here Zine produces hydremia, venous congestion, hemorrhages, and varices. It inhibits the action of the respira- tory organs, and thereby favors venous stagnation and congestion. Varices upon the extremities are a marked effect of the drug. Vaso-Motor System.—The action of Zine upon this system occurs in spheres especially in connection with the cerebral nerves, as shown by the heat in the head and face, when the vagus or trigeminus is involved. Skin.—Here Zine disturbs and depresses the nutrition, re- stricting the secretions, and producing dryness, shrinking, thick- ening and exudation in the interstitial tissues, with nodes, fis- sures, rhagades, and suppuration. Serous Membranes.— Zinc acts upon the serous membranes of the hemispheres, and the neurilemma, producing inflammation and dropsical effusions; and it is a valuable remedy in hydro- cephalus and dropsical effusions. Therapeutic Individuality. Head.—Cerebral exhaustion, with mental and physical de- pression, from anemia of the brain; complete neurasthenia ; softening of the brain, with impending paralysis. “The drug has been mainly used as a remedy for states of cerebral depression; chronic headaches, and melancholia or chronic atrophy of the brain in the insane.”—Hughes. “Only indicated in cerebral affections connected with exanthe- mata where the vis medicatrix nature is too weak to throw the poison to the surface.”—S. Lilienthal. “Child cries out during sleep ; when awakened, expresses fear, and rolls its head from side to side.”—-G. Cholera infantum; hydrocephaloid; spasms and paralysis. “Loss of thought, and soporous condition of the mind; forget- ful of what has been done through the day.”—Hah. 976 ZINCUM. Excessive and violent vertigo; can not stand; more in the oc- ciput, with nausea ; faintness, and trembling of the hands. Chronic sick-headache ; great weakness of sight; sticking in the right eye; somnambulism, crying in sleep, with much pain and tired feeling in the nucha. “Pressure on root of nose, as if it would be pressed into the head; hemicrania, worse after dinner; tearing pains in the tem- ples; internal headaches, worse from drinking wine, in a warm room, and after eating.”"—Hg. Great soreness of the scalp, loss of hair; complete baldness. “Alternate redness and paleness of face, with vertigo.”—Hyg. Ear.—Neuralgia of the middle ear, the pains are tearing and cutting, and often accompanied with suppuration. In otorrhcea with discharge of fetid pus, use the Sulphate lo- cally ; or in old, obstinate chronic cases, the Oxide does nicely. Eyes.—Very useful in diseases of the conjunctiva, with burn- ing, biting pains, worse evenings; much lachrymation and photo- phobia; lids agglutinated inthe mornings. The Sulphate is often very efficient in obstinate conjunctivitis, applied locally, two grains to one drachm of rose-water. Syphilitic iritis, with severe nightly pains; profuse lachryma- tion, scalding the parts, and dull pains in the balls. Several well-marked cases of pterygium covering one-half of the pupil, growing rapidly, with great pressure across the root of the nose, have been cured with Zine. In cases of granular lids of long duration, use the Sulphate locally. Amaurosis ; eyes very sensitive, in cerebral affections. Upper lids feel heavy as if paralyzed, in brain affections. Face.—Face pale, in chronic diseases, with much emaciation. Tearing pains in the malar bone, extending into the jaw. Lips dry and cracked, in chronic indigestion. Neuralgia of the fifth nerve, worse from touch and evenings. Mouth.—Frequent drawing toothache, especially if decayed. Tongue dry; feels heavy; don’t want-to talk; covered with vesicles. Gums bleed from the slightest touch ; blisters on tongue. “Copious secretion of saliva; crawling in the cheeks.”—Hah. Much dryness of the throat in the evening; it feels raw and sore; accumulation of mucus in the throat that causes constant: hawking. ZINCUM. 977 Stomach.—Taste of blood in the mouth; sweetish rising from the stomach, with a clean, red tongue. “Sudden oppression of the stomach; she has to loosen her clothes; great greediness when eating; can not eat fast enough, from canine hunger ; terrible heartburn after taking sweet things ; much nausea; vomiting, and fidgety feet; abdomen distended ; dry, hard stool.” —G. “Insatiable hunger; no appetite for breakfast; very thirsty.” —Hy. “Sour, empty eructations after dinner, or empty eructations.” —Hah. “Agoravation of the nausea, and headache from wine.”—J. H. Smith. Burning in the epigastrium; vomiting of mucus and blood, with tearing pains in the pit of the stomach. Abdomen.—‘Liver enlarged; hard and sore to the touch; feet swollen ; vomits mucus and blood.”—Hg. “Flatulent colic, worse from wine, evening, or during the night, and at rest; loud rumbling and rolling, with retraction of the abdomen similar to Lead colic; hard, dry stool.”"—Hy. Frequent emissions of fetid Hatus without relief. Stool.—Great difficulty in expelling the stools, which are in- sufficient; very dry and hard, with much flatulence. Cholera infantum ; stools involuntary, with stupor, or hydro- cephaloid foliowing infantile diarrhcea. Urine.—Violent pressure on the bladder; passes urine with great difficulty ; very turbid, or yellow urine. “Involuntary urination while walking, coughing and sneezing.” —Hg. Urine voided at night is very turbid in the morning. Sexual Organs, Male.—Increased sexual desire, with long- lasting strong erections ; or complete impotence. The testicles are very painful and drawn up; neuralgia. © “Spermatorrheea; emissions without dreams; face pale, sunken, blue rings around the eyes; atrophy of the testicles; orchitis from a bruise, with drawing pains; loss of hair.”—Hyq. For chronic gonorrhea and gleet, an injection of eight grains of the Sulphate to eight ounces of rose-water, or one grain of the Chloride to four of rose-water, is often very efficient. 978 ZINCUM. Sexual Organs, Female.—Increased sexual desire ; irresisti- ble desire for onanism; or complete loss of sexual desire. “Menses too early; too profuse; lumps of clotted blood pass away when walking; during the menses, heaviness of the limbs, with violent drawing around the knees, as if they would be twisted off. The flow of the menses always relieves all her suffer- ings, but they return again soon after their cessation.” —G.. “A constant distressing, boring pain in the left ovarian re- gion, partially relieved by pressure or during menstruation, but returning again soon after the flow.”—G. “Uterine ulcers, have a bloody, acrid discharge ; but the ulcer itself is xather destitute of feeling; an exceptionally violent and obstinate pain in the brain sometimes accompanies this ulcer, and is often intermittent.”—G. Leucorrhea of mucus and blood; acrid and excoriating. “Pruritus vulve, causes masturbation; varicose veins of ex- ternal genitals, with fidgety feeling of the feet.”—Hg. Mammez swollen and sore to the touch ; sore nipples. Air-Passages.—Flatulent asthma and dyspnea. Violent, dry, spasmodic cough; cough with expectoration of mucus and blood; aggravated before the menses. “Spasmodic cough when children put their hands to the geni- tals as soon as they cough; worse after sweet things.” —G. Burning in the chest; pain as if cut to pieces, with constrict- ive sensation ; emptiness behind the sternum. Heart.—Irregular spasmodic action of the heart from indiges- tion and excessive flatulence; violent palpitation of the heart from spinal irritation. Neck and Back.—Great weariness in the nape of the neck, especially evenings ; the neck is very stiff. For spinal irritation, with great prostration of strength, it is one of our most useful remedies. Burning inshoulders. — “Twitching in the back or any part of the body, from sensi- tiveness of the spine to the touch. (Zinc high).”—Dr. McGeorge. “Burning along the whole spine, worse when sitting; pain m small of the back, relieved by walking.” —Hq. Limbs, Upper.—Paralytic feeling in the arms in brain dis- eases; paralysis from cerebral hemorrhage. “Weakness and trembling of the hands when writing ; skin dy and cracked, even in dry weather ; chilblains.”—Hq. Chronie articular rheumatism, in weak, emaciated people. - ZINCUM. 979 Limbs, Lower.—Great weakness of the limbs; chronic neu- rasthenia; formication and cold feet at night. One of the most characteristic symptoms of Zine is an inces- sant, constant fidgety feeling of the lower extremities ; must move the feet constantly. Varices in the legs ; burning pains; fidgety feet. Paralysis of the feet from spinal or chronic nervous disease, as ‘softening of the brain; cerebral hemorrhage. “Feet are sweaty and sore about the toes; fetid suppressed foot-sweat, with much nervous excitement.”—Hyg. Chilblains, worse from friction ; cold feet at night. “Spasms, child cries before the attack; fever; restlessness; fidgety feet; pale during teething.”—Hg. Excellent for hydrocephaloid after cholera infantum, with ‘spasms ; great emaciation, and prostration. Twitchings in various muscles; the whole body jerks during sleep ; after choleraic diarrhea. Skin.—Excellent in exanthematic fevers; brain exhausted; ‘not able to develop the eruption ; fever in flashes, or violent con- ‘vulsions from suppressed eruptions. Rhagades, bad even in mild weather; itching in the joints; sudden itching here and there; dry herpes, or neuralgia following herpes zoster ; pain under skin. (Edema and general anasarca of the cellular tissue. Dropsical effusions of all the serous cavities. An ointment of the Oxide of Zinc, made with Cosmoline, is the ‘most useful application in the Materia Medica for old, indolent ulcers and many cutaneous affections. Aggravation.—After dinner; from wine; evenings; in bed; indoors. Amelioration.—In open air; while eating, and from heat. 980 CHLORAL CHLORAL. Hydrate of Chloral. Chemical Preparation. Triturations and Alcoholic attenuations. Two parts by weight pure Chloral dissolved in nine parts by weight of Alcohol. Antidotes.—Strychnia, Atropia, Ammonia, Picrotoxine, Physostigma, Gal- vanism, Alcoholic Stimulants. Synergists.—Opium, Alkalies, and Anesthetics deepen the action of Chloral. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Chloral has nine special centers of action : IL Brain. Anemia; Hypnotic; Profound Sleep. II. Sprnat Corp. Lessened Rejlex Irritability; Anesthesia. Ill. Vaer. Paralysis of the Respiratory Center. IV. Vascutar System. Vaso-Motor Paralysis. V. Temperature. Rapid Loss of Temperature. VI. Heart. Paralysis; Arrest in Diastole. VII. Skin. Urtica.; Papule; Purpu.; Petech.; Ulcers; Blisters. VIII Buoop. Corpuscles Enlarged; Hemoglobine in Solution. IX. ANTISPTIC. Brain. — Chloral’s principal action, in an ordinary medicinal dose (fifteen to thirty grains), is spent upon the brain, producing quiet sleep, greatly resembling that of natural sleep, calm, dreamless, and refreshing. The patient may be easily aroused to take food, but quickly and without difficulty falls asleep again; and, as a rule, no unpleasant effects follow. This sleep is due to its direct action on the nervous structure of the brain, and also to the anemia it produces in this organ. Thus, Dr. W. H. Hammond finds that at first Chloral congests the retina, but in five or ten minutes the opposite condition commences, and con- tinues till the retina assumes a pale pink color. As the retinal circulation corresponds with the cerebral, he concludes that Chloral affects the brain in the same way as it does the retina. While the brain is congested, there is some mental excitement; but, as the vessels contract, drowsiness supervenes; and, when this wears off, the retinal and cerebral vessels enlarge till they assume their accustomed size. Large, fatal doses produce stertorous breathing; the eyes are set and glassy, pupils insensible to light and contracted; con- junctiva congested; frothy mucus flows from the mouth; motion CHLORAL. 981 of the heart feeble but rapid; blood settles under the finger-nails ; purple spots on the side on which they lie; complete anesthesia of the skin; extremities cold; finally the brain becomes com- pletely paralyzed ; then the spinal cord, and lastly the respiratory muscles and heart. After death congestion of the meninges and substance of the brain and cord and of the lungs is commonly found, and the blood coagulates with difficulty. Spinal Cord.— Here we have paralysis and loss of reflex action. Labbee found that the muscles after death responded perfectly to galvanism, and Rajewsky found that the motor nerves are in no wise affected by toxic doses of Chloral. All of this knowledge points directly to the spinal cord as the center o Chloral’s action producing paralysis. Before this paralytic stage is reached, Rajewsky affirms, that]in the frog there is a period of increased reflex activity ; and stimulation of the spinal ganglia shows that they are more susceptible than normal. Vagi.— The functions of the pneumogastric nerve are very materially affected by Chloral; as its main action is spent upon the cerebral origin of the vagus nerves, which is shown by the number of respirations per minute. It causes them to become slow and full; and, when toxic doses are taken, this action becomes more and more marked, until, finally, the rhythm is very much affected, and the respiration grows very irregular, and sometimes very rapid and shallow, until at last it ceases. As these phenomena occur equally after section of the vagi, the in- fluence of Chloral must be exerted upon the respiratory center at the base of the brain. The stertorous breathing is a marked feature after toxic doses. Circulation. — The paralyzing effects of Chloral on the center for vascular nerves are of great significance. In experiments on animals this paralysis is manifested by an enormous diminu- tion of the arterial blood-pressure. “ According to Demarquay, where Chloral has been adminis- tered to animals, there is evident enlargement and engorgement of all their blood-vessels; and Rajewsky states that he has found sinking of the blood-pressure in rabbits from small as well as large doses of the drug. In man, Bouchet has obtained sphygmo- graphic traces, which he thinks indicates a primary increased arterial tension. Nancias, of Venice, has found the tension normal; but Austie and Andrews confirm the results of Bouchet when small doses are employed. After very large doses, accord- ing to both Andrews and DaCosta, the tracings indicate very 982 CHLORAL. much lessened arterial pressure. Whatever may be the effect of small doses (and the point needs further investigation), it seems well made out, that, both in man and animals, by large doses the blood-pressure is very much lessened, probably in part owing to vaso-motor paralysis, but in the largest measure to an action of the drug on the heart. Various observers state that there ig in man and the lower animals at this time slowing of the pulse, which, according to Rajewsky, is altogether independent of the inhibitory nerves in the frog and rabbit, occurring equally after as before their section. When toxic doses have been employed, the heart, after numerous pauses, is finally arreste? in diastole. This arrest appears not to be muscular in its origin; for both Rajewsky and Labbee state that galvanic stimulation will pro- duce a single full beat; and the latter author affirms that, when the cord has been previously cut in the frog, the heart will con- tinue to beat for hours. Further, Labbee states that, when powdered Chloral is placed upon the frog’s heart freely, there results a marked slowing, but no arrest of its action. It would seem, therefore, most probable, that Chloral influences the heart through the centers at the base of the brain. In poisoning in man, the palse has toward the last been very feeble, generally rapid and irregular, and in some cases in which recovery has occurred it has been absent for a time.”—Dr. H. C. Wood. Vaso-Motor System.— Here Chloral has a paralyzing in- fluence, which is shown by the great diminution of the arterial blood-pressure in man and animals. Almost all the symptoms of chronic Chloral poisoning may be referred to the anomalies of the circulation, which are brought about by the paralyzing in- fluence of the Chloral on the vaso-motor center, as shown by the bed-sores, petechie, etc. Temperature. —Chloral produces a most remarkable fall of temperature, in both man and animals. Dr. Richardson, of London, has seen it fall 6° F. in a rabbit which recovered. Bouchet has noticed a fall of 2° C. in an infant; and many _ others have noticed the reduction of temperature in man after therapeutic doses. Dr. Hammarsten has found that the fall of, temperature is very rapid (6° C. in an hour), and that it is dependent upon diminished production of heat, since it occurs equally in animals well wrapped up and laid in a warm place. Many think the fall of temperature is due to surface evaporation produced by the dilated cutaneous vessels, from vaso-motor _ CHLORAL. 983. paralysis. Dr. L. Brauton finds, that, after largé doses of Chloral, the temperature falls till it can no longer be measured by an ordinary clinical thermometer. Blood. —The red blood-corpuscles become enlarged, mis- shapen, and deprived of their elasticity. The plasma of the blood becomes colored red, from hemoglobine in solution, and even the urine contains blood-coloring matter, and the blood is found charged with only one-half of its oxygen; it coagulates with difficulty. Skin. — Through the vaso-motor nervous system, the skin is found to be prominently affected by this poison, as shown. by the various forms of exanthems; as, urticaria, papule, erythema, petecbie, purpura, extensive bed-sores, deep ulcers from mere circumscribed redness and swelling of the skin, with the forma- tion of blisters on the trochanters, knees, knuckles, tips of fingers, and even on the ears and face; erythematous blush, covering almost the entire body, with hyperemia of the conjunctiva and of the retina,—all of which vanish as soon as the Chloral is left off. Antiseptic. — Chloral has considerable antiseptic power, and is an excellent preservative of animal texture. It acts well as a dressing .to ulcerated surfaces, not only removing the fetor of the discharges, but lessening the pain; and it has been success- fully employed, in solution, for the preservation of anatomical preparations, Therapeutic Individuality. Brain. — This is the most valuable hypnotic known in diseases of the brain and nervous system. Cases of sleeplessness, due to mental or overwork, anxiety, physical fatigue, are entirely relieved by fifteen or twenty grains of Chloral. The refreshing sleep thus obtained is so pleasant and alluring that the Chloral habit is often formed; consequently its excessive or too frequent use should be guarded against. In delirium tremens, where the delirium has succeeded to a recent debauch, no hypnotic is so uniformly successful. In old, worn-out drunkards, it often is injurious, producing violent excitement, instead of quiet sleep ; and in large doses in these old cases, with fatty degeneration of the heart and. arteries, Chloral may produce death. In insanity, acute mania, acute melancholia, puerperal mania, and general paralysis of the insane, in which wild delirium and wakefulness are prominent symptoms, hypnotic doses of Chloral have done 984 CHLORAL, | more good than any other known remedy. It gives quiet sleep at night, and is a soothing agent during the day. They leave off their destructive habits, and gain in strength and weight. It checks the desire for self-injury; melancholic patients become more cheerful; the appetite is increased, and the action of the bladder and bowels improves. “Chloral is a remedy of great value in sea-sickness. From 15 to 20 grs. every four hours, the recumbent posture for a short time, and suitable nourishment, are the most effective means we now possess for this troublesome disorder. In some cases of morning sickness, with much dizziness, faintness, repugnance to food, and but little vomiting.” — Bartholow. In cerebral congestion, as in reaction from previous anemia, Chloral rivals the Bromides, if there is great heaviness of the head, with a feeling of compression as if the head was in a vice; much pain in the forehead and occiput; aching and redness of the eyes, photophobia and illusions of vision. These cases are often found in children to follow cholera-infantum, and in adults colliquative diarrhea. For wakefulness caused by severe pain, Chloral is of but little value. It can only relieve pain by suspending the functions of the cerebrum, which will require dangerous doses. Eyes. — It will often be found of great value in acute con- junctivitis, with red, injected, blood-shot eyes; lids much swollen; itching and burning; eyeballs feel too large, with profuse irritating lachrymation. In some cases of granulation and ulceration of the lids and cornea give one grain of the crude drug ter die. Asthenopia, ocular hyperesthesia, photophobia, etc. Mouth. — Traumatic odontalgia has often been cured with Chloral. If the teeth are decayed, clean out the cavity and fill it with the crude salt. Sexual Organs, Male.—For chordee during gonorrhea, fifteen grains, taken at bed-time, is an excellent remedy; and it has cured many cases. It is an excellent injection in gonorrhea. Chloral-eaters are said to lose their sexual desires; and it acts well in spermatorrhcea in plethoric, active temperaments. In incontinence of urine, it removes the spasmodic action of the detrusor vesice, and thus cures spasmodic cases. Sexual Organs, Female. — For dysmenorrhea, given in doses of from ten to fifteen grains, Chloral is an excellent remedy. It softens and relaxes the os uteri, thereby giving great relief. CHLORAL, 985 Labor. — Very great relief is afforded by Chloral to the irregular pains of the first stage of labor, which cause much suffering, but do not advance the case. The rigid os and soft parts are overcome, and exhaustion prevented, when given so as to procure sleep. Dr. EK. Lambert recommends Chloral in partu- rition in fifteen-grain doses every quarter of an hour until the patient falls asleep; stating that this treatment does not weaken the uterine contractions, while it prevents pain, and ensures calm repose after delivery; and Dr. Playfair thinks that Chloral acts far better than Chloroform inhalations, as Chloral does not lessen the strength of the contractions, whilst it greatly lessens the suffering. Moreover, it is chiefly applicable at a period when Chloroform can not be used; that is, towards the termination of the first stage, before the complete dilatation of the os. The patient falls into a drowsy state,—a sort of semi-sleep. He gives it in fifteen-grain doses, and repeats the dose in twenty minutes, leaving its subsequent administration to circumstances. For after-pains, in nervous-hysterical subjects, Chloral is excellent. In puerperal convulsions of a congestive character, in twenty-grain doses, it will arrest the convulsions. At the critical age, with severe flushings and excited circulation; contraction of the pupils; the face a dark scarlet color, from the roots of the hair 4o the ramus of the lower jaw, including the eyes, persistent under pressure, and blotchy in places, extending over the neck and chest. Hysteria.—In the uncontrollable nervous Agitation and spasms of hysteria, Chloral, given in fifteen-grain doses, will arrest the paroxysm sooner than any other known remedy. Chorea. —“ Chloral is an efficacious remedy in those cases of intense chorea where the constancy and severity of the spasmodic movements threaten the life of the patient.”—M. Bouchet. Respiratory Organs. —“Some of the respiratory neuroses are greatly benefited by Chloral. The paroxysms of spasmodic asthma may be arrested by it, and the spasmodic attacks of difficult breathing which accompany emphysema may be decidedly ame- hiorated by timely doses of Chloral. In the spasmodic stage of whooping cough, great relief to the paroxysms may be obtained by this agent. Impending attacks of laryngismus stridulus may be prevented, and seizures already in action can be quickly arrested by full doses (five to fifteen grains) of Chloral.”—Bartholow. Dr. Hughes Bennett has great confidence in Chloral to allay cough and produce sleep in phthisis. In heart disease, with 986 OHLORAL. great dyspneea and sense of suffocation, oppression of the base of the chest, tendency to faint, great sinking at the pit of the. stomach, livid lips, excessively slow respiration, pulse weak and fast, and cold extremities, Chloral has acted finely. Spinal Symptoms. —In spasmodic affections this drug has. proved of infinite service, especially in tetanus. Gubler cured 21 cases out of 36; and Chopart has put on record 80 successful cases. No remedy equals.Chloral for tetanus. It is also useful in tetanus from Strychnine-poisoning. In trismus and tetanic convulsions of very young infants, or in teething children, Chloral controls the spasms at once; and, if the drug can not be taken internally, give it by enemas per rectum. In tetanus, Chloral. must be given in massive doses of from ten to fifty grains, accord- ing to circumstances. When the spasms prevent its internal administration, give it in double the quantity by the rectum. Skin. — For urticaria Chloral is well nigh being a specific. In doses of from one to five grains it has made brilliant cures. Foul Wounds.—A solution of Chloral is an excellent anti- septic dressing to foul wounds: it destroys the odor of putrefac- tion, arrests fermentation, and promotes healthy granulations. Livid erythematous rash from slight causes, as a glass of wine ; in some cases this rash is followed by desquamation. Nervous itching in pruritus, affecting the whole body, coming on after undressing at night. Pruritus Vulve.— Locally and internally of much service. Scarlet Fever.— The rash produced by Chloral closely re- sembles that of scarlatina; and, from the power the drug has to- reduce the temperature, and prevent decomposition, it must prove of great service in this disease. Puerperal Fever, being caused by septic poisoning, must find a. good remedy in Chloral. Dose. — From one to thirty grains, according to age. A good rule is to give to a child as many grains as he is years old, up to: the age of twenty years; and the best vehicle in which to ad- minister the drug is the Syrup of Tolu. IODOFORM. 987 IODOFORM. lodoformum. Chemical preparation. Triturations. Alcoholic attenuations. Two parts by weight of Iodoform to nine by weight of Alcohol. Antidotes,—Starch. Mineral Acids. Synergists.—Alkalies. Mercurials, and remedies which increase waste. Through the cerebro-spinal system, Iodoform has nine special centers of action : I, GLANDULAR System. Conges.; Hypertrophy; Hyper-Secre. I. Cerresro-SpinaL System. Intox.; Convul; Anesthesia. Ill. Skin. Local Anesthetic; Ulcerations. IV. Crrcutarion. Dim. Blood-Pres.; Rapid, Weak Pulse. V. TEMPERATURE. Greatly Elevated. VI. Vai. Paralysis of Respiratory Centers; Asphyzia. VII. Liver anp Kipneys. Futty Degeneration. Glandular System. — The action of Iodoform on the system has not been sufficiently investigated; but, three-quarters of the drug being composed of Iodine, its action must greatly resemble that of Iodine. Cerebro-Spinal System. —In animals, large non-toxic doses cause symptoms of intoxication, tottering, weakness, loss of appetite; lethal doses, violent opisthotonos, convulsions, hurried breathing, and finally death. Iodoform in large amounts (80 to 40 grs. per day), produces toxic symptoms; headache, muscular twitching, malaise, vomiting, intoxication, and delirium, which last from seven to ten days. “A woman took forty-two grammes of Iodoform in eighty days, and then had a sudden attack of giddiness, weakness in the legs, double vision, followed by a period of excitement, interrupted by broken sleep, with headache, sensations of impending death, constant convulsive movements, and irregular respiration. After improvement the resumption of the Iodoform was at once followed by a relapse.” — Oberlander. A constant symptom from toxic doses is deep sleep and losa of reflex activity. Death results from asphyxia due to paralysis of the respiratory centers. Post-mortem examinations reveal, as a rule, extensive fatty degeneration of the heart, lungs, liver,. kidneys and muscular system. 988 IODOFORM. Dr. H. B. Sands says, that, when Iodoform is used to excess (one to two ounces at a time), in large. wounds, remarkable manifestations of poisoning, due to perverted cerebral action, take place. “Every degree of intoxication has been observed, from simple exaggeration of nervous excitability to the condition of acute mania. In the lighter cases patients are restless and uncomfortable, complaining of headache, loss of appetite, wake- fulness, and the constant taste of Jodoform. . . . Profound mental despondency, inability to eat or sleep, spectral illusions, delirium more or less violent, and suicidal propensities are the most frequent manifestations of the morbid state. Sometimes the patient is noisy and abusive; at other times his actions are stealthy, and he will endeavor to run from his bedroom or jump out of the window in order to escape from a fancied enemy. From such a condition many persons recover; while others die, often suddenly, from exhaustion or coma. No antidote has been discovered for this condition, but to discontinue the use of the drug.” Skin. — It causes local anesthesia, eczema, and ulcerations. Circulation. —Toxic doses produce great increase in the frequency of the pulse, with corresponding elevation of the temperature. This great frequency of the pulse (140 to 180) is caused from weakness and diminished blood-pressure. Temperature. — lodoform greatly elevates the temperature, producing feeble and rapid pulse, closely resembling the effects of septicemia and pyemia. Hence its utility in low forms of septic diseases. Many cases of poisoning are being reported from the excessive usé of Iodoform in wounds and old ulcerations. The toxic effect depends much upon the extent of the absorbing surface, a fresh wound will absorb more rapidly than one that is granulating, and old persons are especially liable to suffer from Iodoform-poisoning, while such is not the case with children. All cases of poisoning take on the form of a low septic disease. Vagi. — Lethal doses of Iodoform produce, as constant symp- _ toms, deep sleep and loss of reflex activity. Death occurs from asphyxia, due to paralysis of the respiratory centers, with fatty degeneration of the lungs and heart. Liver. — Fatty degeneration has been found after death. Kidneys. —It is rapidly excreted by the kidneys. When. used to excess it produces fatty degeneration. IODOFORM. 989 Antiseptic.—Iodoform is one of the most valuable antiseptics, and well has it been utilized in antiseptic surgery. Wounds treated with it remain aseptic for weeks. Therapeutic Individuality. General Indications. — The therapeutic properties of Iodo- form have not as yet been fully learned; but its use as an antiseptic dressing in wounds, especially about the mouth, rec- tum, and bladder, and in old ulcerations of the skin, are most brilliant and gratifying. Mosetigmoorhof’s (the originator of the Iodoform treatment) first application of this agent was to wounds following excision of joints of a strumous or tubercular character. The success attending its use in these cases led him to employ it in general practice as an antiseptic, and his contidence became strengthened by increased experience in its use. He claims that Iodoform is a specific for local tubercular processes. Its most important effects are of a local character; but a remotely bene- ficial effect is also developed. That it is a remedy possessing decided antiseptic properties is certain. The favorable local influence of Iodoform, when applied to open wounds, has been noticed by all surgeons who have em- ployed it. The wounds remain free from pain; the discharge is thin and scanty; the surrounding integument free from inflam- matory swelling; erysipelatous inflammation very seldom occur- ring; and the formation of healthy granulations goes on rapidly and without interruption. Infrequent dressings are sufficient, as the Iodoform disappears very slowly; and, until the reparative process is far advanced, no change of treatment is rendered necessary. When, however, granulation is well established, and the wound has become contracted in size, other applications are often preferable. Its superiority to Carbolic acid depends mainly on the fact, that, while the direct contact of the Acid causes irritation and suppuration, Iodoform has an opposite effect, restraining inflammation, and promoting the work of repair. After operations upon the rectum, cancerous tumors of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, tonsils and jaws, disinfection of the wound, although extremely desirable, can not be safely obtained by Carbolic acid, on account of its poisonous properties ; consequently the wound becomes extremely offensive, and septice- mia often sets in. In these cases, Iodoform has been used with signal success. The operation-wound, being plugged with a strip of gauze impregnated with Iodoform, remains aseptic; and 990 I1ODOFORM. frequent removal of the dressing is unnecessary. Prof. Billroth has lately made twelve consecutive amputations of the tongue, and healed them in this manner, without a fatal result, most of the operations extensive and severe, involving a removal of the floor of the mouth. Iodoform has long been known as a valuable remedy when applied to unhealthy and fetid ulcers; and its excellence in this respect has been confirmed by recent observation. I have repeatedly employed it with the happiest effect in this class of cases, and have been surprised to notice how quickly the ulcers become inoffensive and covered with florid, healthy granulations, “In treating open wounds with Iodoform, I have followed the usual practice of covering the surface with a thin layer of the powder, dusted from a pepper-box; afterward applying a layer of cheese-cloth, a coat of absorbent cotton, a piece of gutta- percha tissue, and a bandage. In operation-wounds intended to be closed, with the object of obtaining union by adhesion, wash the wound with a solution of Carbolic acid, and, after uniting the edges with sutures, with or without the insertion of a drainage- tube, cover the surface with half a dozen layers of cheese-cloth, lightly dusted with powdered Iodoform, over which apply a mass of Salicylated or absorbent cotton, a piece of gutta-percha tissue and a gauze bandage. The dressings are renewed on the second or third day, and afterward at longer intervals.”—H. B. Sands, M.D. In the hospitals and clinics of Vienna, all wounds, no matter where situated, are treated with Iodoform with splendid results. ‘The Iodoform powder is rubbed into gauze as we rub Plaster of Paris into our bandages. This gauze is applied directly to a wound, after freely dusting the same with the powder; over the gauze comes a large pad of absorbent cotton, and over this a large piece of oiled silk, gutta-percha paper, or jaconet; and then the bandage. In cases where there are fistule, crayons made of fodoform and gelatine (one part to two), or of Iodoform and +ragacanth, are inserted. The advantages claimed for this method of treatment are: that it is entirely aseptic; there is no formation of pus, as a rule, but only of a serous secretion, such as found under the Lister dressing. The bandages can be left on, eight, fourteen, or even twenty days, without harm; it is, thinks Podrazky, the ideal antiseptic dressing for armies. Uleers, Ete. — Old Ulcers. —Its effects are more certain when fungous granulations are previously removed. This is absolutely IODOFORM. 991 necessary, however, only in caries fungosa. It hastens granula- tion, prevents sepsis, has a local sedative action of great value, ‘and is, when sprinkled upon the wound, a reliable antiseptic. Syphilitic Ulcers.—The testimony is especially strong as to the value of lodoform in the soft chancre, and also in all syphi- litie ulcers. My experience has been, that, in soft chancre, we chave no drug that can take its place, when applied locally, cither in the form of a powder or Ether solution. In unhealthy, fetid, red, indolent leg wlcers, the Ether solution is often the best form ‘that can be used. Buboes.—The injections of Glycerine and Iodoform into -buboes from hard chancre has proved successful. Anal Fissure. —lodoform, in the form of suppositories, gives immediate relief, and will cure many cases. Lymphatics. — Goiter.—The injections of the Glycerole of Todoform, at the same time taking it internally (1 to 3 grs.), is not only safe, but has cured many cases. Exophthalmic Goiter.—Iodine (2 to 8 grs., bis die) has given very satisfactory results to Dr. Carpenter. Lymphatic Glandular Tumors.— Inject the Glycerole of Iodo- form directly into the tumor, and at the same time take the drug internally. Gynecological Practice.— Dr. Foster has had prompt and ‘satisfactory results with the local use of Iodoform as a sorbeta- cient in cases in which chronic extra-uterine exudation and its sequele were the chief factors. His three great remedies for extra-uterine pelvic inflammation are: (1st) hot water; (2d) lodoform; (3d) Galvanism. He applies the Iodoform to the upper part of the vagina, and tampons the whole vaginal canal with wicking. The taste of the drug thus applied is sometimes complained of immediately, indicating its prompt absorption. “In pruritus vulve, hyperesthesia of vulvo-vaginal orifice, and inflammation of Bartholin’s gland, it was more serviceable than any other remedy.”— Dr. Foster. Cervical Hyperplasia. —Iodoform often cures. Dysmenorrhea. — Rectal suppositories of lodoform often give relief in sensitive temperaments. Membranous Dysmenorrhea.—Iodoform has been employed with exceedingly gratifying results; many cases having been eured by local applications, used twice a week, mixed with Peru- vian balsam to destroy the odor; a drachm of Iodoform to half a drachm of the Balsam and one ounce of Glycerine. In erosions 992 IODOFORM. and ulcerations of the os uteri, Iodoform locally packed about the os, does excellent service. Uterine Cancer. —No remedy will do as much for this terrible disease as the local application of Iodoform. The pain is relieved, the fetor destroyed, and cicatrization is promoted. When the discharge 1s great, apply in powder; when very painful, use Cocoa-butter suppositories containing 5 to 10 grains, or lodoform one part, Ether two parts, and Collodion ten parts. Skin. — In skin diseases, attended with excessive secretions, the effects of the external application of Iodoform are so favorable and decided that its use must become general. Moist, suppurat- ing, eezematous eruptions, with much itching. For impetigo larvalis, with mattery, yellow-scabbed patches on the faces of children or adults. Powder or ointment. Herpes, Circinatus and Zoster.—Iodoform 13, tol oz. of the Jil of Kucalyptus, painted on the diseased surface, often cures in a few days. Uleers of the Leg, Cracked Nipples, and All Kinds of Indolent Uleers with Raised Edges.—Iodoform in powder, ointment, or nixed with the Balsam of Peru or Ether, and applied. Burns. — Iodoform in Cosmoline or Glycerine is excellent; or ‘odoform one part, Ether two parts, and Collodion ten parts. Chafing of Infants. — Apply first decithal trituration. * Sexual Organs. — For Gonorrhea use suppositories of Iodo- orm 13 with Cocoa-butter 13, applied with a hollow silver tube me-fifth of an inch in diameter. This melts and takes effect at mce. These suppositories are a complete substitute for injec- ions, and more efficacious. Fissure of the female urethra yields. wromptly to them. : Eyes. — For granulated lids, apply Iodoform, first decimal, lirectly to the everted lids with a soft brush. This often cures: ‘ases of months’ standing in a few weeks. Throat. — Granular pharyngitis, in 1ts most obstinate form, vill often yield to the local and internal use of Iodoform. Nose. — Chronic Nasal Catarrh.— Wash out the nares with a olution of common salt; and then apply Iodoform by insuffla- ion, or as an ointment on absorbent cotton; introduce at night, nd leave there till morning. Apply every night. Many obstinate ases have been cured in ten days. To Deodorize.— Owing to the bad odor of this drug, many ‘bject to its use. ‘his can be partially overcome by mixing it vith Ether, Balsam of Peru, and the Tonka bean. COCA. 993 COCA. Erythroxylon Coca. Habitat: South America. Tincture of the dried leaves according to Class IV. Antidotes.—Stimulants, Amyl., Morphia, Ether, Mineral Acids. Synergists.—Cerebral stimulants, narcotics generally. Dose (Cocaine) 1-5 to 1 grain. As an anesthetic, four per cent. solution. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cocaine has eight special centers of action, viz: I. Crresrum. Highly Stimulated. II. Corp. Sensory Nerve filaments paralyzed. Ill. Vac. First Stimulation, Second Paralysis. IV. Mucous Mrempranes. Complete Ancesthesia. VY. Kipneys. Slightly Stimulated. VI. Heart. Stimulated. VIT. Arreriotes. Active contraction. VIII. Eyre. Complete anesthesia; Mydriasis. Brain.—The effects of Coca or Cuca, depend on the presence of a peculiar Alkaloid, the Hydrochlorate of Cocaine, and the principal action of this alkaloid is spent upon the central nervous system, producing great stimulation. Moderate doses produce a comfortable feeling of mental activity and psychical phenomena similar to that produced by Coffee. Larger doses greatly excite all the nerve centers, as shown by the dancing, circular movements, staggering, convulsions, and finally coma and death from failure of the respiratory center, the heart beating after respiration had ceased. These effects are produced by direct action of the drug upon the cortical cerebral nerve-cells themselves, and not by disturbance of the circulation. This action is most beautifully shown by the experiment of Anrep and Rossbach upon dogs. After injecting a moderate dose into a quiet dog his manner became almost immediately changed. He would not remain quiet a moment, but danced 994 1 COCA. in a circle about his master upon his hind legs, with his body erect and his fore-legs stretched out. All his muscles were in: - : constant motion, the tail wagging, the chest and abdomen trembling, exactly as if he were under the influence of sudden and most intense joy; his expression and actions were only those of pleasure, there was not the slightest appearance of distress. This condition lasted for hours, during which he was not quiet one second while he was left free. After from one to three hours he gradually became quiet, without any appearance of exhaustion, and continued fresh and lively. Large doses greatly increased all those symptoms, and he would not recognize his master, but would whine, bark and appear frightened, carried his tail between his legs, keeping up his rhythmical oscillations, with hurried breathing, dilated pupils and dry mouth, could not seem to hear his master call, but kept on with his antics of great excitement, clonic. convul- sions, soon followed by great weakness and death. Cocaine is not actively toxic, and may be taken in enormous quantities of twenty or more grains at a single dose, but some few people are highly susceptible to its action, and are greatly depressed by even small doses. The action of Cocaine is much influenced by the amount administered. The first effect of medium doses is stimulation: the heart beats are accelerated; respiration more frequent; the reflexes respond to a distant irritation more promptly; the mind experiences a grateful sense of well-being and activity; ideation is ready, acute and comprehensive. This excitement continues about two hours, and then great depression follows of the mental, moral and physical system. The sufferer becomes morbidly irritable. During this period there is often copious perspiration. According to Mosso’s observations Cocaine has a stimulating effect on the psychic and motor nerve centres, increases the rapidity of breathing, quickens the heart’s action, and increases chemical change going on in the tissues. lis action on nerve centres is such as to render it in his opinion “the best of known stimulants.” In this respect it stands in full antagonism to Chloral, which depresses the functional activity of these centres. An animal deeply narcotized by a fatal dose of Chloral can be roused in a few minutes by the injection of a small dose of Cocaine. Poisoning.—All who habitually chew the Coca have an extremely disagreeable perspiration, an offensive breath, pale lips and gums, blunt teeth, and a disgusting blackish corner of the mouth. The inveterate chewers, the so-called Coqueros, COCA. 995 are recognized at the first glance by their tottering gait; flaccid greyish-yellow skin; hollow, dull eyes surrounded by bluish- brown circles; quivering lips; incoherent discourse and dull, apathetic manner. Their character is mistrustful, irresolute, malicious; they become aged when scarcely entered upon maturity; and should they attain old age there is imbecility. Timidity causes them to flee from the society of their fellow- men, and seek concealment in gloomy woods or lonely dwellings, where they give themselves up for days together to the passion- ate enjoyment of the leaves. Then their excited imaginations conjure up the most wonderful visions, at one time consisting ,of incredibly beautiful and delightful forms, at another, how- ever, of the most horrid figures. They crouch in a corner with eyes staring and fixed on the ground, the automaton-like move- ment of the hand as it places the Coca in the mouth, followed by the mechanical mastication, alone indicating that conscious- ness exists. Sometimes a hollow groan is forced from the breast, probably when the excited imagination conjures up its scenes of horror, which can as little be scared away as the pleasant dreams at other times. The Indians, by the continued use of the Coca, suffer from intolerance of light, attended with a surprising dilatation of the pupils, and debility of the digestive organs is the first symptom which attacks the Coqueros. When Jaundice occurs, indications gradually follow which show more clearly the shattered condition of the nervous system. An insufferable sleeplessness sets in. Partial cedematous swell- ings arise and subsequently terminate in ascites and death. Cord.—Here Cocaine especially paralyzes the posterior columns; but our best authorities believe that the paralysis commences in the peripheral nerves, and thence extends to the sensory tract in the spinal cord. The anterior portion of the spinal cord is but slightly affected, as shown by the clonic con- vulsions when lethel doses are administered to animals. It at first slightly heightens and then greatly depresses the reflex action of the spinal cord in small doses. Large doses depress from the first. Vagi.—Cocaine first stimulates and afterwards paralyzes the pneumogastrics; at first the respiration is increased, and second paralyzed, the respiration ceasing long before the action of the heart. Mucous Membrane.—Upon the mucous membranes, when applied locally, Cocaine produces complete anesthesia in 996 COCA. any part of the body. Upon the tongue, there is a suspension of taste; upon the larynx, the vocal cords may be touched with- out pain; upon the eye, the conjunctiva may be rubbed or cut without the patient’s knowledge; and the same with the other mucous membranes in the body. The local application of Cocaine to any of the more highly constituted organs or tissues causes a temporary cessation of their functional activity. Secretions.—Cocaine lessens all the secretions of the body, such as the tears, saliva, gastric juice, urine and perspiration; it also lessens the amount of urine and the urea, and frequently albumen, and sometimes sugar, is found in the water. The drug is eliminated through the kidneys. Heart and Arteries.—Small doses stimulate the heart, large doses are inhibitory. Upon the circulation Cocaine increases the arterial blood-pressure, while it stimulates the heart, and tightly constricts the arterioles. The pulse becomes quickened, but its force declines, and some irregularity of the rhythm occurs. Eye.—When instilled into the eye, anesthesia is first induced in the conjunctiva and cornea; dilatation of the pupil begins in about fifteen minutes after an instillation; the mydri- asis reaches its maximum in about one hour, and subsides in three or four hours afterward. The pupil generally remains sensitive to light, but accommodation is somewhat affected. Therapeutic Individuality. The Hydrochlorate of Cocaine is the most useful remedy ever discovered as a local uncsthetic in all surgical operations of the mucous membranes in any part of the body, particularly that of the eye, nose, mouth, ear, genito-urinary organs and rectum, as well as many minor surgical operations on the body. Asa local anesthetic in ophthalmology, a four per cent. solution — is instilled into the conjunctiva, three or four times at intervals of five minutes, when the conjunctiva and the whole eye can be operated upon without pain. In this way iridectomies, extrac- tions, and all operations on the eye are performed without. danger to the patient from the use of an anmsthetic, and at the same time being perfectly painless. Prof. C. H. Vilas says. a two per cent. solution is all that is required in the majority. of surgical operations upon the eye. coca. 997 In Laryngology, Cocaine as an anesthetic is invaluable, all surgical operations on the throat and larynx being greatly facilitated by its local use. The same with the nasal mucous membrane: before the Cocaine is applied the membrane of the nose should be cleansed and dried. This drug in a four per cent, solution has been found very efficacious in acute Catarrh and Hay asthma when used locally. The local use of Cocaine is one of the best hemastatics known. In diseases of the ear the solution can be dropped into the ear, or used in the form of a spray through the Eustachian tube. In this way otalgia is cured at once. Upon the urino-generative tract Cocaine exerts most benign effects. Injecting a two or four per cent. solution into the urethra relieves the pain in gonorrhea. Before catheterization it is invaluable, and before operating on a stricture Cocaine cannot be omitted. In gynecological surgery, the use of Cocaine as an anzs- thetic cannot be omitted. In pruritis and vaginismus, when applied locally it has been successful in a remarkable degree. In rectal surgery Cocaine locally is invaluable. Neuralgia in various parts of the body, Cocaine has often proved effica- cious when used hypodermically. In nervous exhaustion, sick headache and palpitation of the heart Cocaine internally will often act well. Chorea has often been arrested with this drug, and Paralysis agitans, alcoholic tremors, and senile trembling are more favor- ably affected by Cocaine than by any other remedy. Cocaine as an antidote to Morphine has gained a valuable reputation among all schools of medicine, but its true sphere of usefulness has in a great measure to be learned. Prof. G. A. Hall thinks he has seen erysipelas follow the excessive local use of Cocaine in surgical operations. Anesthesia of the Skin.—When this is desired, apply Cocaine with the positive electrode over the parts, the negative being placed on some other portion of the body. Authorities referred to:—‘‘ Reference Handbook,” Bartholow, H. C. Wood, Ringer, ‘Medical Record,” “Era,” ““Homoecpathic Times,” “ Hahnemanian Monthly,” “Cyclopedia of Drug Pathogenesy,” ‘International Journal of Surgery.” ; 998 ANTIFEBRIN. ANTIFEBRIN. Acetanilide. An alkaloid from the Coal Tar Derivatives, Antidotes.—Stimulants—Inhalation of Oxygen. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Antifebrin has eight special centers of Action. leat Centers greatly depressed. Marked Sall of Temperature; Somnolence; Coma. Il. Evers. Mydriasis. Ill. Vact. Paralysis; Failing Respiration. I. BRAIN. IV. Corp. Convulsions; Anesthesia. V. Kipneys. Albuminuria; Hemoglobinuria. VI. Sxin. Copious Perspiration; Red Eruption. VII. Buoop. Lessened Oxidation; Methemoglobin; Anemia. Temperature greatly lowered VIII. Mepuira Ostoncata. by decreasing Heat Produc- tion. Brain.—The first symptom of large doses of Antifebrin are, profuse perspiration, a bluing of the lips and finger-nails, accompanied by a sense of oppression; then follows vertigo, giddiness and singing in the ears, dilated pupils, cold extremi- ties, sub-normal temperature, slow and feeble respirations, weak pulse, nervous twitchings, and convulsions. Eyes.—Great dilatation of the Pupils. Blood.—Here it produces a lessening of the oxidizing property of the blood and the production of methzemoglobin, the arterial blood becomes a dirty brown color, the serum becomes colored and haemoglobinuria supervenes. When the drug is long continued, profound anzmia is produced. ANTIFEBRIN. . 999 Therapeutic Individuality. This is, probably, the best antipyretic known, to reduce dangerously high temperature; its action is rapid and certain; the amount required is small, (two to four grains), and easily taken; it does not irritate the digestive organs, and is devoid of any depressive action on the heart and circulation. Of great use in typhoid fever and scarlatina with very high tem- perature. One or two doses a day is usually sufficient to keep the high temperature down, while the indicated remedy should be administered. In all diseases with excessive hyperpyrexia, as pneumonia, erysipelas, acute rheumatism and phthisis, its action is partic- ularly soothing and useful. Its analgesic properties have proved almost as decided as its power of reducing pyrexia. In all irritations of the sensory nerves, or reflex pains, such as neuralgia, sciatica, lumbago, ovarian and menstrual pains, locomotor ataxia pains, migraine and nervous headaches, Antifebrin is invaluable if given in full doses. . _ Children bear its effects better than adults. Acts badly on pregnant and nursing women. 1000 ANTIPYRINE. ANTIPYRINE. Phenazone Analgesine. An Alkaloid from the Coal Tar Derivatives. TZviturations. Antidotes.—Stimulants. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Antipyrine has nine special centers of action. 1 aie Heat Centers Depressed; great Fall of Temperature. Depressed; Motor Paral.; Sensory II. Sprnat Corp. Aso. Ill. Vact. Paresis; Emests; Increased Respiration. flyperemia with Complete Amaur- OS?S. IV. Optic NERVE. V. Liver. Arrests Change of Glycogen ints Sugar. Metabolism Arrested; Inorganic Salts VI. Kuipneys. Reduced, Nitrogen (Urea) Elimina- tion; Albuminuria. VIL Heart. Diminished Blood Pressure; Paralysis. VIU. Mamma. Secretion Diminished; ( Antigalactagogue.) Copious Perspiration; Face Livid; Gdema; IX. SKIN. Urticaria Eruption; Itching Rash resem- bling Scarlatina. Brain.—The effects of Antipyrine center mainly upon the heat center in the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord, rather than the brain itself. Medium doses depresses the reflex functions of the cord, while large doses cause convul- sions, paralysis, insensibility, and death. Collapse of the most alarming character sometimes follow a dose of ten or fifteen grains, with profound cyanosis, swelling of the eyelids and extremities; great vertigo, weakened heart, rapid respiration, -ANTIPYRINE. 1001 and every symptom indicating great depression of the circu- lation and nervous system. Spinal Cord.—Signs of ataxia is one of the first symp- toms noticed and the last to pass away; the special senses are first rendered more sensitive, but this is quickly overcome and complete anzsthesia is produced. Animals can be operated ‘upon without causing any pain. Large doses produce convul- sions followed by paralysis and death, from failure of respira- tion. Vagi.—Antipyrine has a direct and specific action on the res- pitory center in the medulla oblongata and through the vagi; it greatly accelerates the respirations, dyspnoea being one of the prominent symptoms of this drug. Nausea and vomiting is often caused by Antipyrine. It is a paralyzant to both the motor and sensory nerve trunks, Optic Nerve.—Here it produces marked hyperemia of the optic nerve, with complete amaurosis, and often conjunc- tivitis, with oedema of the eyelids. Liver.—Here it prevents the formation of glycogen into sugar. The nuclei and protoplasm of the liver undergo pro- nounced changes in the liver cells of frogs poisoned with Antipyrine. Kidneys.—The action of Antipyrine on the kidneys is to arrest metabolism, and greatly reducing the formation of urea, causing congestion, inflammation and albumenuria. It is prin- cipally eliminated by the kidneys. In an hour after its admin- istration the urine is found to be loaded with Antipyrine. Heart.—“In moderate doses very little effect is produced on the circulation, but in large doses it weakens the heart and ‘causes depression and collapse. Drs. Cerna and Carter for- mulate the following conclusions: (1). In small and moder- ate amounts it produces a rise of arterial pressure, this stimu- lating effect being due to an action on the heart. (2). A lowering of the pressure by large and toxic doses is due sim- ilarly to a depressant action of the drug upon the cardiac organ. The remedy does not appear to affect the vaso-motor system. (3). Antipyrine causes an increase in the pulse-rate through paralysis of the cardio-inhibitory centers. The secondary 1002 ANTIPYRINE. decrease in the number of pulsations is of a purely cardiac origin, the drug exercising a depressant effect upon the heart itself. Upon the blood there is no effect when moderate doses are administered, but in large doses it produces a chocolate color- ation of the blood, which is due to the alteration of the hem- oglobin into metheglobin and anemia.”—Aeference Hand- book. Temperature.—The action of Antipyrine in reducing the temperature in fever is the result of its specific action directly upon the thermogenetic centers in the medulla oblongata, decreasing the heat- production, with simultaneous increase of heat -dissipation. The reduction of the temperature -lasts from two to ten hours. Skin.—Here we have copious perspiration, measle-like red eruption and sometimes urticaria. In one case bulla was produced; became confluent, followed by desquamation. Blood.— On the blood it produces lessened oxidation and and lowers the blood-pressure, changing the haemoglobin into methzoglobin, which produces a chocolate color of the blood. If long continued, anzmea is produced, with great debility. Local Effects.—Antipyrine is one of the most powerful hzmostatics known, arresting hemorrhage quicker than chlo- ride of Iron. It should be used in a forty per cent solution. A thirty per cent solution will produce complete anesthesia, lasting for two hours, the sensibility to touch, heat and cold, being destroyed. This should be taken advantage of in surgery. Therapeutic Individuality. Antipyrine is one of the greatest antipyretics known to reduce dangerously high temperature in any fever, given in from two to five grain doses, especially in erysipelas, pneu- monia, scarlet fever, measles, yellow fever, typhoid fever and rheumatism. Nervous headache, if given in the first stages, will abort most cases, if given in five grain doses. Dysmenorrhea, with profuse menstruation; severe after- pains of a nervous, grinding nature. As an antigalctagogue it has been highly useful. ANTIPYRINE. 1008 Rheumatic chorea, an excellent remedy. Acute articular rheumatism, with very high temperature. Enuresis in children, very valuable. Diabetes melitus and insipidus, has acted well. Bright’s disease, sub-acute stage, with albumen, but not many tube casts. Chronic urticaria, with great itching. Whooping cough, it has been highly recommended. In measles and scarlatina, of great value, to reduce the high temperature and the nervous symptoms. Very useful in dropsy following scarlatina. In diphtheria, with much false membrane on the tonsils, pharynx and fauces, with high temperature and aching of the muscles, as if pounded. The prostration is profound, with well marked albuminuria. 1004 CASCARA SAGRADA. CASCARA SAGRADA. BRhamnuus Parshiana. Habitat: California. Tincture of the bark. Class IV. Through the great sympathetic nervous system, and especially the -solar plexus, and nerve terminals of the bowels, Cascara sagrada has five -special centers of action. I. Sromacu. (Gastric Guanps). Jncreased Secretions. Il. Pancreas. Secretions Greatly Increased. Active Chologogue; Increased Biliary Secre- tions. Glandular Secretions Greatly Aug- mented. (15 minims.) Tonic Laxi- Til. ‘Liver, IV. INTESTINEs. tive. (20 to 50 minims.) Cathartic. Muscutar Coat. Jucreased Peri- stalsis. V. Kipneys. Duuretic. Stomach.—On the stomach Cascara stimulates the gastric -glands, causing increased secretions and a more active diges- ‘tion. Pancreas.—The secretions of the pancreas is greatly ‘increased. We have so few remedies that act on the pancreas that this action should be utilized. Liver.—Cascara congests the liver and causes a greatly . ‘increased secretion of bile, without nausea. Intestines.—Through the sympathetic nervous system, especially that of the solar plexus, it powerfully stimulates the digestive process, increases the activity of the secretory organs, especially where the secretions are deficient and _per- verted. CASCARA SAGRADA. 1005. Kidneys.—Here it acts as a mild diuretic. Therapeutic Individuality. In chronic constipation, where there is lack of the normal secretions, from atony of the liver and gastro-intestinal canal, the liver is stimulated through the action of this remedy on the solar plexus, and Meissner’s ganglia, just under the mucous. membrane of the intestine tract; the capillaries and intestinal glands are flushed with blood, causing great increase of their secretions, together with increased peristaltic action of the colon and rectum. In this way the normal action is restored.. It is claimed to cure eighty-six cases out of every hundred treated, if the drug is given in fifteen drop doses of the fluid extract ter in die. Its effects are not seen at once, but its tonic action is well demonstrated in from four to seven days. In atonic dyspepsia, through its action on the solar plexus, stimulating the secretions of the stomach, liver, pancreas, and the entire elementary canal, the whole digestive system is. toned up, especially the muscular coat of the stomach and bowels. Gastric headaches; excessive despondency; broad flabby tongue, with thick yellow furr; foul breath; cardialgia,. with a feeling of faintness and obstinate constipation. Hemorrhoids, with great constipation, caused by portal congestion and intestinal atony. As a hepatic stimulant, it frees the ramifications of the vena porte, and tones up the whole digestive canal, and the constipation and hemorrhoids. are cured. In sub-acute and chronic rheumatism of the muscles and joints, associated with atonic dyspepsia, obstinate constipation and much debility, Cascara has given good satisfaction. 1006 COTO BARK. COTO BARK. Paracoto Bark. Habitat: Bolivia and Brazil. Tincture of the bark. Class IV. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, and the abdominal brain, Cotoin has three special centers of action. I, Vact. Severe Vomiting; Violent Burning in Stomach. II. Axspomen. Active Dilatation of the Abdominal Vessels. TI. Sxrn. (Locauiy.) Great Heat and Redness. Therapeutic Individuality. Chronic diarrhoea, especially if tubercular, the stools are very copious, watery and exhausting. Coto bark is of great value if given in large doses of the bark, seven grains, the tincture, ten drops, every two hours. In intestinal catarrh, it has proved highly beneficial, and the same in dysentery. Night sweats, especially in phthisis, Coto bark has done good service. PICHI,. 1007 PICHI. Fabiana Imbricata. Habitat: South America, especially in Chili. Tincture of bark and twigs. Class II. Through the great sympathetic nervous system, Pichi has four special centers of action. Catarrnal Inflammation with Excess ot Lithic Acid and Urates. Diuretic. II. Buapper. Catarrhal Inflammation; Mucous and Pus. J. KipNeys. Il, DicestivE Oreans. Tonic; Catarrh. IV. Liver. Stzmulation. Therapeutic Individuality. Particularly adapted to the uric acid diathesis, where there is much irritation from the presence of urinary calculi; the urine is filled with pus, and excoriating. Inflammation of the whole urethral tract; wants to pass urine often, but it is voided with great burning pains; the vessical tenesmus is something terrible after urinating. In vesical catarrh, acute or chronic, especially if caused from gravel, with copious discharge of mucous, pus and blood; urination is very painful. Enlarged prostrate; the sedative action of Pichi has been proved highly soothing and beneficial. Hemorrhage from cancer of the bladder. Jaundice and dropsy due to hepatic disease. Gonorrhcea, sub-acute or chronic, where the whole urethra is involved, urination is extremely painful, the prostate is inflammed, and there is a muco-purulent discharge often mixed with blood. Give from one to twenty drops at a dose of the fluid extract, four times a day. 1008 SPARTEINE. SPARTEINE. Scoparius. (Broom.) Habitat: Europe. Use the Alkaloid. Sparteine. Triturations. Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Sparteine has six spec- ial centers of action. Small Doses Greatly Stimulate, Large I. Heart. Doses Paralyze. if: Siase ftespiratory Centers, Furst Stimulated, Then Paralyzed. ite. “Ba: { Congestion; Vertigo; Flushed Face. Vaso- 1 Motor Stimulation. Vomiting; Hydragog ue Cathartic. V. Urinary Oreans. Powerful Diuretic. IV. Gastro-INTESTINAL C. Motor Centers Paralyzed; Formica- tion in Extremities; Convulsions. VI. Sprnau Corp. Heart.— Che primary action of Sparteine is first to cause (in the frog and mammal) an enormous increase in the size and height of the pulse-wave. Griffe says, in the isolated heart of the frog, Sparteine causes an extraordinary persist= ence of contractions. The same investigator found that in mammals small doses accelerate the pulse without altering the arterial pressure, and that larger doses cause, at first, acceler- ation and then retardation of the pulse. After very large doses, there is a primary slowing of the pulse, with a gradual fall of the arterial pressure in spite of the fact that the cardiac waves are extremely large and full. Fick affirms that the inhibitory centers of the heart are paralyzed. Vagi.—Small doses of Sparteine weaken, and larger doses paralyze the peripheal portions of the pneumo-gastric nerves. Gluzenski says: “frst, there is a slowing of the pulse due, to excitement of the vagi; second, in which the pulse is only SPARTEINE. 1009 slightly slowed, or sometimes is even increased in frequency, the change being due to paralysis of the pneumogastric and inhibitory ganglia of the heart; ¢hzrd, with slow pulse, due to the direct action of the Sparteine upon the heart muscle.” It kills by paralyzing the respiratory center. Brain and Cord.—* Large doses, thirty centigrammes or over, cause vertigo, headache, palpitations and formications in the extremities. Forty centigrammes cause decided cardiac pain, with sensations of heat and redness of the face, with loss of power of the legs; acts more on the motor-nerves, producing paralysis.” H.C. Wood’s Therapeutics. Gastro-Intestinal Canal.—Here it produces, in large doses, vomiting, associated with copious watery diarrhcea, acting as a violent hydragogue cathartic. Urinary Organs.—Sparteine, but more especially Scopa- rius, acts as a powerful diuretic in cases where the heart is more or less involved, and probably the increased diuresis is secondary to the regulation of the circulation. Therapeutic Individuality. Especially useful in functional cardiac diseases, where irreg- ularity of the heart’s action is the most prominent symptom. It greatly increases the force of the cardiac beat, and regu- lates the heart’s action with greater rapidity than digitalis. In its therapeutic action it greatly resembles digitalis. Organic valvular diseases of the heart, with weak, irregu- lar pulse, associated with dropsy and general anasarca, use the fluid extract of Scoparius. Dyspepsia, with irregular pulse, angina pectoris, with great depression of mind, associated with a great amount of flatu- lence. Give the first dec. of great value. Albuminuria, from nephritis, or organic heart lesions. This is a remedy of great value. . Oxysparteine is much more powerful as a cardiac stimu- lant, and is of great value in Chloroform narcosis. 1010 SABAL SERRULATA. SABAL SERRULATA. Saw Palmetto. Habitat: Southern States. Tincture of the berries. Class III. Through the great sympathetic nervous system, Sabal has eight special centers of action. Decors Mieme vNGSe, fatarrhal Inflammation. Turoat, Lunes.) Il. Trstictes. Increased Activity; Hypertrophy. III. Ovaries. Congestion; Increased Menstruation. IV. Mamma. Jncreased Secretion; Hypertrophy. Greatly Enlarged, with In- V. ProstTaTE GLAND. Be creased Nutrition. VI. BiappEr; URETHRA. Catarrhal £ nflam mation ; Irritability. VII. Kuipneys. Diuihe Wilk. BGZOMA veces ceca ne data woow wane Comes: aie mannirenvnaiin series vate aes 20 Elephantiasis............-......... Condylomata.... 02... eee cece eee eee 20) Emaciation........ 0... .cee cece ees Complexion ............ cece eee eee 20 Emissions, Seminal................. Concussion of Brain............ cece ee 21 “Emotions, Bad Effects of............ Conjunctivitis... 0... 6... cee eee eee 21. Encephalitis——See Meningitis........ Confinement.... 2... 0... cece eee cee 54 Encephalomalacia .................. Constipation ........ 6... eee cee eee 21) EMUPOSIS Ais dele wikis sie scared niericiberwinns Consumption .... 6... .. ce cece eee eee 73 Endocarditis.—See Heart........... GCOntUSIONS wis ede ae tects ass Bante 22 Enteralgia.—See Colic.............. Convulsions, Infantile...............+ 22° HNteritis.n ie gwrnsida eeu shay canny wie Convulsions, Puerperal.............45 22 “Epilepsy eiss.8 20a oiertaewawagaenea COrns sis seers hsleeste cesar eae 220 Mpistawis sie sietee we ce cies aine eave oe Corpulency.-—-See Obesity............. 69 Erections........ 0... cee cece eegeee Coryza.—See Cold in Head........... 19 Eructations.—See Dyspepsia....... we Coughs wise s eateaaees eisinea'eeeyeacalecadiny ava’ 23° Erystpelas. «cess sasyagee ceas seme oeand Cough, Moistscce scse oesa ceceasanerss 2300 Erythema. cic sces cess cevevesesvecss Cough, Hoarse, Croupy.............-- 23° Excoriation ........ 0... cee eee eee Cough, Asthmatic................ 004. 23. ‘Wxe@rescences: «i. cc0s.40 ose ecaae cade Cough, Chronic................ 00.005 23: Exhaustion... sisiccdeniaaceaericens Cracks, Fissures in Skin.............. 24 Exophthalmic Goiter............... Cramps.—See Spusms........ 2... .008 5G _BXOStOBIGs. 6 w..06 antes eine ine OritidalA Geiscsaesvenn goes cade siees 63 Eyelids, Agglutination of............ Crick in Back.—See Lumbago......... 59 BAM oak esa ode eaie cance weniaonn CLOUD eaten sens Ahmnnedi acini onsen gars 2¢ Pear, Pright ccc. sca eccetea gee nds Croup, Membraneous................5 24 Fever, Bilious............ eeu anee ey Crusta Lactea......... robusta eaters 25 Fever, Gastric ........ 0... cece cee es Cuts.—See Wounds .... 2... cece ences 104. Fever, Catarthal, «cs 0sou snes caus xuns Cyanosiss x snssceonweexeece tee cs aes « 25 Fever, Hectic............ ee ceee ee Cystitisin.: ccicisumeasarnes eens sa4694 25 Fever, Inflammatory.............46. Dang ru lle siiconieasteie arcsec dase 25 Fever, Intermittent................. Delirium Tremens—See Alcoholism.... 38 Fever, Puerperal................0.. DGG <4 acntiads 1eeeasadiaeenss 26 Fever, Rheumatic.................. Dentition, Disorders of............... 26 Fever, Enteric, Typhoid............ DG ENCE iiss jesse ieiaares scale sccia avaresreraiianni 25 Fever, Typhus........ 2... 0.0.0 ees Debilaty ice cyecseeorsie sony eases 26. Fever, Yellow........ 2.2. -.-. eee ee Diatrh@axciesccauieivasecine aseanautes 27 ~=—s- Feet, Sweating of.................. Depression of Spirits. 2.02624 se vcaew OG Plateleneescew ceva eeeeaeowerus wees Diabetes: sscasccaenecedesSerd sence 26 Fissured Anus..............0. 000s Diplopia...... cece cece cee eee e eee 28 Fistulain Anus............6.. ag wis Diphtheria. ........ cece eee eee eee eee 28 Fistula Lachrymalis—See F. in Anus INDEX. 109 Fistula Urinaria—See F. in Ano....... 3 Hydrocele...... Mie RATia io ae RRcace ORI 50 Fistula Vaginalis—See F.in Ano...... 3 Hydrophobia............ 0... ceca eee 50 POOGING cian esac vas aieaga es gee nais 62 MHydrocephalus............ 0... 0.00008 50 Pashia g's iso viwige'e slaw ateann ae see osteo 40. “Hy drothorax: scs22cccodeiuaes car eewen 5 Bractore...dag esas oe aaeewen teva caKs 40 Hypocondriasis ..................... 50 Freckles...... Meise aa oe -Peaa ieee ee 40 Hypopion—See Jritis.... 0.2.2... 0.04. 53 Gall: tones 35 o0s eivw aii eter cee AY - WV GtOr ai dcawsdaras sao ee siaeaneee ates 51 Ganglion ............ ee eee reer 40° Teteras’s avec a eevetetanalgessaaakias 54 GADZVONE. ois ic sean Pee OM eae hes 40 Tehthyosis'.... ccc cessis ayis obs wive 51 “Gastiitie. issue staveesasvaady vie AL) TUS! ois ate ettarsy eh eatin ke ee ok 51 Gastrodynia, Gastralgia............... 42.0 “AMbOCiUUY fo biac tenses Becomes hoe 51 Glandular Swellings.................. 42) TIN DOGO ii. eee eed aa Hera hank eine 52 GIAUCOMS cide cies csc aesa we csease tee 42) TMPOtehO cs ici ecwnniee cemene manne 52 Gleet. AOU MEG See Wa eareae eee 42 Incontinence of Urine................ $2 GOGH sista Sinces eles os cealesatieeecdal ees 42 Indigestion.—See Dyspepsia.......... 29 Gonorrhea..... FO dicate te oMianins erasers oad tee 43 Inflammation ....................4.- 52 Goutsssacassesedes Mes OS See Seles 43° “Tnflaen 28sec genes oding oe sae ergameaing 52 Gravel ..scccciee 6 saws ecatere ae eee te 12 Intermittent Fever................... 30 Gums, Diseases Of...............2 0008 44 “GING CUS sie ks s'slo acetice Mania Wala einer 52 Gumma Syphilitic................00. 44 Intertrigo.—See Excoriations......... 34 Hematemesis ........ 0c cc cece cece eee 440 Tritheicnseceibie eee deine wens sme ds 53 Hemoptysis........ 0... cee cece eee AE Tt eh is cisensisceia tiecdtieeceage he oie e wae ova a 53 Hemorrhage .... 2.6.6. cece ee eee 45 Itching of the Skin.................. 54 Hemorrhoids ....- ea gtiresd Sddeeeroe nite 45. PAUNGICE 23.0 cos dere Ses eae eee See 54 Hair, Falling of........ 0... ..e.eeeeee 45 Joints, Inflammation................ 91 Hands, Chapped............... faghaon 46 “Reratitis.ossccasn sine esteaasewase-cties 54 Hay Asthma—See Asthma............ 6 Knee.—See Synovitis..............6.. 91 Headache, Rheumatic................ 46 Kidneys, Inflammation of............ 54 Headache, Menstrual................. 46. |:GabOE mosawes clelniass bags eenners 54 Headache, Catarrhal................. 46 Labor, Inertia of.............0... 0.005 55 Headache, Gastric, Bilious............ 46 Labor, False pains of................ 55 Headache, Nervous............+. «.-+. 47 Labor, Hemorrhage of............... 55 Heart, Congestion of...............-- 47 Labor, Hemorrhage after............ 55 Heart, Inflammation of.............-+ 47 Labor, Obstructed................05- 55 Heart, Palpitation of.........-.....-.- 47 Labor, Laceration of Perineum....... 55 Heart, Hypertrophy of.............-- 48 Labor, Diet of ........ 0.00... ce ee 55 Heartburn—See Dyspepsia........ +++ 29 Labor, Retention of urine after....... 55 Lactation, Féver ............ 2.220005 55 Laryngismus Stridulus............... 56 Laryngitis .............00. 505+ Sierseuane 56 Lassitude.—See Neurasthenia........6, 26 Laughter.—See Hysteria.............. 51 Hemiplegia—See Paralysis........... 5 Leg, Cramps iniscs isecascceovsiuseen 56 Hepatitis.......... sila easeie Pewee eis 48° “Leprosy siscisincuyekeevey ss ckasieets 56 >) Blerittiay ised iiaies Sins inv oe seine Sea 48 Lenc0mesincs nieces cies eesas cosa seen 57 Herpes 0.00... cece cece eee cee cence AQ GieuCOrrh as esioiwiicaswaake selena sd 57 Hiccongh......-. 002: ccee seen eeeeeres AQ: TCO) yeaa cudsaivie weiereeny eee sealer nes 57 Hip Joint Disease........-.0. eee eres 49°) PMichen wiih sake e334 22 gree aae fe araveene 57 Hoarseness........ Bauainisnn Sereey acl 49 Lienteria 1... 0... eee eee eee eee eee 58 “Home-Sickness .....22+ 0200 eeeeeeeeee 49 Lips, Cracks Of........ 0... cess neces 58 | Hordeolum—See Stye.... 1... esse cree 91 Liver, Congestion of................ . 58 House-Maid’s Knece........ see cece Liver, Hypertrophy of............... 58 Liv Liver, Abscess Of .... 0... -.ee cece eeee 58 Lochia, Suppression of ............+- 58 Lochia, Offensive, Acrid.............. 58 bochis, Profuse: cssienns case en vewnes © 58 Locomotor, Ataxy........ cc. eee eee 59 Love, Unhappy ...........0 sees eeeeee 59 LUMbage é44ccttncmdhcwdiieeee seas 59 LG POS! sess aude sy nadantcrnsaniucasiew are hasrde POSE 59 Lymphatic Glands, Inflammation..... 59 MBI AGC Iams pe etesi seeateenca nse he elataeaeadenss 60 Mammary Abscess.—See Breast....... 9 Mama) 2: tes treks ansceltoncs polar aens tia oie 60 Masturbation ........ ccc cee cece cee 88 Mastodynia: ss i-ss's scenes ciod ews de wes 60 Measles ies os/s ot sa cees want asemasa side 60 Melancholia.—_See Hypochondriasis.... 50 Memory, Weaksiss issscwew seves oases 61 Meningitis) 2c. siscntdanaivorecoiate 61 Menopausia ........ 0.0. cece cece eee 63 Menses, Cessation Of............. 200. 63 Menorrhagia.—See Menstruation Exces- SUVS hacccas ar divi ele ens. deulnicnatee anny arercnaranealelae 62 PrOfOSO isn ciec Hiss sreeeescieneatcnee< 62 Menstruation, Delay of.............. 62 Menstruation, Membranous.......... 61 Menstruation, Painful ............... 61 Menstruation, Irregular .............. 62 Menstruation, Scanty .....,.......... 62 Menstruation, Excessive ............. 62 Menstruation, Delayed ........ ...... 62 Menstruation, Suppressed............ 62 Menstruation, Vicarious.............. 63 Menstruation, Cessation of........... 63 Mental Weakness............ 0.00004. 26 VWemory, Weak... 0... cece eee eee 26 Wesentery.—See Tabes Mesenterica.... 93 We tritis \oisise viv ctw: extend rinsed a 63 Wetrorrhagia ........ 0... cece cee eee 62 WigTraine'...ii sssica ses neon enero’ wae AT Wilk Crusts.—See Crusta Lactea...... 25 Wisearriage ........ .00. cee eee sn Averre 64 Morning Sickness .............45 wees 64 Mortification.—See Gangrene......... 40 Wouth, Inflammation of............. 65 AUTO, 8 secscaaciin as janisiararsnvadetas Sten 4: coed aerepanans 65 Musee Volitantes..... 0... .. eee ee 65 MV EMIS ivansiesieva earalel aicanetels a wate soarenen 65 UVOPIA cA carintsvatcwaine eau oaenais 65 YAGI a os caeail sain sne eee Ese WR 65 Veevus.—See Moles... 0... cece cee ee _— Vails, Diseases Of ............ 0.000005 66 Nails, Ingrowing ..-................. 66 INDEA. Nausea and Vomiting................ 6 Neck, Stiffness ............. eoucreres G Necrosis.—See Bone........-..008. m Nephritis sisscsitoie a: coat sinsets-sueduceaeney 5 Nervous Debility.—See Debility...... 6, 2 N6rvOusnegss. is/3 x25 chee exwwien tive ccien 6 Nettle: Rash adisse aes vvewieee sees 6 ING P ALOT e 5 sac cindi cision codeart eta etraaunces 6 INIGHtHIALO: 53.06 ceieiise een ce aes d actin 6 Night Sweats.... 0... .... cc ee eevee 6 Nipples, S0r0 2.6. .cccc ces cess neee ens 6. NOdOBi ccc atniiueke i etaba see eees 6 Nose.—See Epistawis.... 0... cece ees 3 Nyctalopia. :