Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. It was scanned using Xerox software and equipment at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using CCITT Group 4 compression. The digital data were used to create Cornell's replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1984. The production of this volume was supported in part by the New York State Program for the Conservation and Preservation of Library Research Materials and the Xerox Corporation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1993.A SKETCH OF THE History of Oneonta. j I BY DUDLEY M. CAMPBELL. ONEONTA, N. Y.: Herald and Democrat Press. 1883.Oneonta, H. Y. Miscellaneous, School and ('Blank (Books, Family and (Pocket (Bibles, (Photograph Albums, Scrap (Books, (Pocket (Books, Gold, (Pens, &-c. FINE WILL PBPERS /r^O pEILING pECOI(ATIONS ALWAYS ON HAND | CHRISTMAS, fjfYSEENTmE- NEW YEAR, EASTER, IN THEIR SEASON.$ WlilllM 0HKIS H WHOLESALE N- FtL+O + U + R GRAIN AND SEEDS. Chestnut Street,Mendel Brothers, MAIN STREET, Oneonta, IV. Y. ^eady-JIade Clothing, TRUCKS, TRAVELING BAGS, HATS, CAPS, F8, Ite, THE LONGEST ESTABLISHED MERCANTILE HOUSE IN TOWNA SKETCH OF THE History of Oneonta. a,,. BY DUDLEY M. CAMPBELL. V ONEONTA, N. Y.: Herald and Democrat Office,/ F Ju y /Fy- ■■■ h -;•?■/ r\;/ ■> Copyrighted^ 1883, BY D. M. CAMPBELL.Preface. IN the preparation of the following pages, I have not attempted to give a complete history of the town of Oneonta. My main object has been to put into a more preservative form some of the facts that have been derived from the recollection of the older inhabitants as well as from family papers,, which, in the lapse of time, would be forgotten and lost to the public. This is not so much a his- tory as it is a sketch of history,, but it may be made a beginning of a more pretentious historical work. I have endeavored to make it trustworthy, and in my efforts in this direction, I have not relied upon any information pretended to be conveyed in the recently published large u History of Otsego County,77 which is better known as a voluminous compilation of gross inaccuracies in which are trans- mitted to future times the names of the good and bad, equally bespattered with praise. If the names of any of the older settlers have not received deserved mention, the omission is due to the fact that their representatives or those hav- ing information to give, have withheld or neglected to furnish facts which they alone could furnish. d. m. c. Oneonta, April, 1888.CHAPTERL rPHE territory comprised within the present bourn ^ daries of the town of Oneonta, previous to the war of the Revolution was little known except as the scene of many a sanguinary conflict between different Indian tribes which contended with each other for its possession. The Delawares, whose home was on the river bearing their name, had been in peaceful possession of the upper Susque- hanna valley from time immemorial; but long be- fore the outbreak of hostilities between England and her trans-Atlantic colonies, the Tuscaroras, a warlike tribe from Virginia, wandered up tho Susquehanna from Chesapeake Bay and laid claim to the upper portion of the valley as their hunting-grounds. From that time, with brief and uncertain intervals of peace, up to the close of the Revolutionary struggle, the war between the contending tribes was waged with relentless fury. Many a proud chief and valiant warrior fell beneath the tomahawk and became the victim of the merciless seal ping-knife. Eventually the strife between these aboriginal tribes terminated in favor of the invaders, or Tus-$T THE HISTORY OF OKEONTA'- earoras, who thereupon allied themselves with tfie* Six Nations occupying the more northern and western portions of the state. They formed small settlements,, one within the present town of Oneontar at the* mouth of the Otego creek, and another at or near the mouth of the Charlotte. The former was on the farm now owned and occupied by Andrew Van Woert;- the other on what is known as the Island on the farm of James W. Jenks. At both these places Indian utensils and implements of war have been found in large numbers ' at bothr Indian orchards of some extent were standing a few years ago. These Indian settlements^ were destroyed by a detachment of American troops under Gen. Sulli- van,. who passed down the river from Cooperstown in the summer of 1779. Making a dam across the outlet of the lake, Sullivan succeeded in causing the water of the lake to rise considerably above the common level, when by removing tire dam the stream was greatly swollen, and upon its cur- rent the colonial force, numbering about 1,000 men, was borne down the valley. It is related that the natives had become terrified at the sudden diminution of the water of the river and had fled in great haste from their homes, leaving the way unobstructed for the safe advance of the patriot force. Between the source of the stream and Una-"THE BISTOETT OF OTSEONTX. ¥ sflilla, it is supposed that but few Indian orchards^ cornfields or huts were left standing near the river. At the mouth of the Schenevus creek-, a notable ex- ception was made in favor of the Van Valkenburg family, residing then on the old Deitz farm across the river to the east of Colliersville, where now may be seen a number of ancient apple trees of Indian planting, still in a vigorous and fruitful condition. This Van Valkenburg family being half-breeds and friendly to the American cause, their property and possessions were not molested* Sullivan's passage down the stream was effected by means of batteaux and strong rafts, and owing to the windings of the channel, and the necessary army luggage, his progress, notwithstanding the increased volume of water that bore his barks along, was somewhat slow. Unopposed fey an enemy, through a country marked with rare beauty of scenery, “Each boatman bending to his oar, With measured sweep the burden bore,'” and with the advance of this small but daring pa- triot force, the Susquehanna valley ceased to be the permanent abiding place of the red men. A few scattered representatives of the once proud Tuscaroras and Oneida# built their temporary wigwams where convenience suggested-, and derived such subsistence as the chase and stream afforded,s THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. but they were no longer a terror to the settlers. In the expeditions sent out to the south westward from Albany, and likewise in the marauding expe- ditions of the savages against the frontier settle- ments along the Schoharie, the Susquehanna val- ley, wherein is situated the village of Oneonta, be- came the common highway to both parties. The old Indian trail, it has been ascertained, from the Schoharie fort to the west, passed down the Schen- evus creek to its month, there crossed the Susque- hanna, and continued down the northwest side of the stream, passed through the village of Oneonta nearly along the line of Main-st., thence crossing the river near the lower end of the village, it con- tinued westward on the south side of the stream for some distance down the river, on toward the Chemung and the fort at Oswego. There was also another trail leading from Schoharie to Har- persfiell and thence down the Charlotte creek to the Susquehanna. f ■ “'We had gone on about ten miles farther which brought us as low down as where Collier’s bridge now crosses the river. Here we imagined that the Indians were possibly as cunning as ourselves, and would doubtless take the more obscure way and endeavor to meet us on the east side. On which account we waded the stream and struck into the woods crossing the Indian path, toward aTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 9 place now called Craft-town.” (Priest’s Collection of Stories of the Revolution, published in 1886, " McKeon’s Scouts in Otsego County.”) On the high ground, a little distance beyond the southern extremity of the Lower or Parish Bridge, there has been found within the past few years a large ring, which from the inscription traced upon it, is supposed to have belonged to one of Butler’s Rangers. This ring is now in the possession ofDn Meigs Case, and bears upon its outer side these words and letters : “ Georgius Rex ; B. R.” It is sup- posed that the letters “ B. R.” are abbreviations for “ Butler’s Rangers.”—“ George, the King ; Butler’s Rangers.” In 1688 two Cayuga Indians gave the following geographical information to the justices of Albany regarding the valley. The quotation is from the Documentary History of New York, Yol. I, page 898, etc.: “ That it is one day’s journey trom the Mohawk Castles to the lake whence the Susquehanna river rises, and then ten days’ journey from the river to the Susquehanna Castles—in all eleven days. “One day and a half’s journey by land from Oneida to the kill which falls into the Susquehanna river, and one day from the kill unto the Susque- hanna river, and then seven days unto the Susque- hanna Castle—in all nine and a half days’journey.”10 THE HISTOKY OF ONEONTA. “ The Indians demand wherefore such particular information relative to the Susquehanna river is sought after from them, and whether people are about to come there? The Indians are asked if it would be agreeable to them if folks should settle there? The Indians answer that they would be very glad if people came to settle there, as it is nigher than this place and more convenient to transport themselves and packs by water, inas- much as they must bring everything hither on their backs. N. B.—The ascending of the Susquehanna river is one week longer than the descending.” In 1684, the Onondaga and Cayuga sachems made an oration before Lord Howard of Effing- ham at Albany, from which the following extracts are taken. I have preserved the original spelling: “Wee have putt all our land and ourselfs under the Protection of the great Duke of York, the brother of your great Sachim. We have given the Susquehanne River which we wonn with the sword to this G-overnment and desire that it may be a branch of that great tree, Whose topp reaches to the Sunn, under whose branches we shall shel- ter our selves from the French, or any other peo- ple, and our fire burn in your houses and your lire burns with us, and we desire that it always may be so, and will not that any of your Penn’s people shall settle upon the Susquehanna River; for allTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 11 our folks or soldiers are like Wolfs in the Woodsr as you Sachim of Virginia know, we having no other land to leave to our wives and Children.77 In 1691, the governor and council of the prov- ince of New York sent an address to the king of England, from which the following extract is made^ “ Albany lies upon the same river, etc. Its com- merce extends itself as far as the lakes of Canada and the Sinnekes Country in which is the Susque- hannah River.77 It appears that the ownership of the Susque- hanna was the subject of no little dispute amoj&g the tribes composing the Six Nations.* The Onon- dagas claimed the country. “ At fifty miles from Albany the Land Carriage from the Mohawk’s river to a lake from whence *From a record of a meeting of the mayor and aldermen of Albany in 1689, the Onondagas are called fi-onon-dages. In au old map found among the papers of -dr Guy Johnson the Schenevus creek, or valley is called Ti-ononda-dou. rhe. prefix 11 appeals to have been quite common among Indian names, some- times used and sometimes omitted. Doubtless On mda is the root of the word Vi-ononda-don. As the Onomlagas had claimed the Susque- hanna country, the Indian etymologist might naturally inquire whetner there was any kinship between Tionondaga, i’ionondadoii, Onondaga and the word Oneonta. His belief in a common etymon might be somewhat strengthened by a quotation from a “Journal of What Occurred between the French »nd Savages,” kept during the years 16J7-58. (See Doc. Hist., Vol I, p. 44. <: “The word Ounota, which signifies in the Iroquois tongue, a moun- tain, has given the name to the village called Onnontae, or as others call it. Onnontague, because it is on a mountain ” Perhaps the word Oneonta may have the same derivation or a like derivation as Onondaga—perhaps not. The reader is left to follow np the query. Among the Hurous who had been conquered by the Iroquois, a tribe is mentioned under the name of Ti-onnonta-tes. The name may have no relation to, nor any bearing upon the deri- vation of the word Oneonta, bu that there was such a tribe, the fact is given for what it may be worth.12 THE HISTORY OF .ONEO'NTA. the Northern Branch of Susquehanna takes its rise, does not exceed fourteen miles. Goods may he carried from this lake in Battoes or flatt bot- tomed Vessels through Pennsylvania to Maryland and Virginia, the current of the river running everywhere easy without any cataract in all that large space/7 The last quotation is from the report of the Sur- veyor General to the Lieutenant Governor in 1637. The foregoing extracts appear to contain about all the information which the authorities at the provincial capital could glean of the Indians con- cerning the Susquehanna country, as it was called. The few scattered natives who remained here after the establishment of peace, were, in 1795, re- moved to the reservation at Oneida, and became a part of the Indian tribes already settled there. In volume III of the Documentary History of New York, a quaintly interesting letter of the Rev. Gideon Hawley may be found. The letter is interesting, because it may be safely regarded as the earliest authentic writing respecting this por- tion of the valley. Mr. Hawley was sent out as a missionary teacher to the Indians. About this time a good deal of interest was being taken in the education of Indian youth. For the furtherance of this design, the Rev. Elea- zur Wheelock established a school at New Leba-THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 13 non, Conn., for the education of young whites and young Indians. This school afterwards ripened' into Dartmouth college, and was removed to Ham over, New Hampshire. Prom this new-fledged seminary, the Rev. Mr. Kirkland was sent among the Oneidas, and his labors in that quarter event- ually resulted in the founding of Hamilton college, at Clinton. Prom a similar school established at Stockbridge, Mass., and which appears to have been favored by the influence and good will of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, Mr. Hawley was sent to Oquaga on the Susquehanna. Oquaga was the Indian settlement near the site of the present village of Windsor in Broome county. Mr. Hawley’s journey was from Albany up the Mohawk, across the mountains to Scho- harie, thence along the valley to Schenevus creek and westward. As his letter, in the form of a journal, contains the earliest account that is known of the presence of white people within the present territorial limits of Oneonta, I hope the quotations I make from it may prove of some interest. The letter is dated July 31st, 1794. The first entry is as follows: July 31st, 1794. “It is forty years this date since I was ordained a missionary to the Indians, in the old South Meeting House, when the Rev. Dr. Sewall preached on the occasion and the Rev. Mr. Prince gave the14 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. charge. The Rev. Mr. Foxcroft and Dr. Chaun- cey of Cambridge, assisted upon the occasion, and Mr. Appleton. 1 entered upon this arduous busi- ness at Stookbridge, under the patronage of the Rev. Mr. Edwards. Was instructor of a few fam- ilies of Iroquois, who came down from their coun- try for the sake of Christian knowledge and the schooling of their children. These families con- sisted of Mohawks, Oneidas and Tuscaroras. I was their school-master and preached to them on the Lord's day. Mr. Edwards visited my school, catechised my scholars, and frequently delivered a discourse to the children." This quotation may serve to show what kind of man this early missionary was, and the deep interest then felt in the education and civilization of the aborigines. The formality with which the clerical harness was put on in the historic Old South Church, is strikingly in contrast with the way the missionary to the Indians is equipped now-a-days. In the following quotations the dates are of the year 1753. May 22d of that year, a party consist- ing of Mr. Hawley, Mr. Woodbridge, a Mr. Ash- ley and Mrs. Ashley, set out from Stockbridge for Oquaga. May 30th, 1753, a little more than a week after leaving Stockbridge, the party had its first view of the Susquehanna at Colliers. ,As the journal gives some description of our valley as it was thenTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 15 —one hundred and thirty years ago—I quote freely: “ Our way was generally obstructed by fallen trees, old logs, miry places, pointed rocks and entangled roots, which were not to be avoided. We were alternately on the ridge of a lofty moun- tain and in the depths of a valley. At best, our path was obscure and we needed guides to go before us. Night approaches, we halt and a fire is kindled; the kettles are filled and we refresh our- selves; and wre adore Divine Providence, return- ing thanks for the salvations of the day and com- mitting ourselves to God for the night, whose presence is equally in the recesses of the solitary wilderness and in the social walks of the populous city. With the starry heavens above me, and having the earth for my bed, I roll myself in a blanket, and without a dream to disturb my repose, pass the night in quiet, and never awake till the eye-lids of morning are opened, and the pene- trating rays of the sun look through the surround- ing foliage. “ It may not be impertinent to observe that in this wilderness we neither see nor hear any birds of music. These frequent only the abodes of man. There is one wood-bird, not often seen, but heard without any melody in his note, in every part of the wilderness wherever I have been. In some16 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. parts of this extensive county, the wild pigeons I>reed in numbers almost infinite. I once passed an extensive valley where they had rested; and for six or eight miles, where the trees were near and thick, every tree had a number of nests upon it, and some not less than fifteen or twenty upon them. But as soon as their young are able, they take wing and are seen no more.” The next extract is from the journal of May 30 th, 1753: “ We were impatient to see the famous Susque- hanna, and as soon as we came, Mr. Woodbridge and I walked down to its banks. Disappointed at the smallness of its stream, he exclaimed, ‘Is this the Susquehanna ?’ “ When we returned our young Indians, who had halted, came in, looking as terrible and ugly as they could, having bedaubed their faces with vermilion, lampblack, white-lead, etc. A young Indian always carries with him his looking-glass and paint; and does not consider himself as- dressed until he has adjusted his countenance by their assistance. “Mr. Woodbridge and Mrs. Ashley, our in- terpreter, could not travel any further by land. We therefore concluded to get a canoe and convey them by water. From this place [now Colliers] to Onohoghwage is three days’ jour-THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA 17 ney; and how bad the traveling is we cannot tell. “ May 31st, [1753.] We met with difficulty about getting a canoe, and sent an Indian into the woods to get ready a bark, but he made small progress. “ In the afternoon came from Otsego lake, which is the source of this stream, George Windecker and another, in a small batteau, with goods and rum, going down to Onohoghwage upon a trading voyage. We agreed with them to carry the inter- preter and Mr. Woodbridge in their batteau; and bought a wooden canoe to carry our flour and bag- gage. “ We soon saw the ill effects of Windecker?s rum. The Indians began to drink and some of our party were the worse for it. We perceived what was coming. “ June 1st, 1753, is with me a memorable day, and for forty years and more has not passed unnoticed. We got off as silently as we could with ourselves and effects. Some went by water and others by land, with the horses. I was with the land party. The Indians, half intoxicated, were outrageous, and pursued both the party by water, in which was Mr. Woodbridge, and the party by land. One came so near us as with his club to strike at us, and he hit one of our horses. We hastened. Neither party met till we arrived at Wauteghe [the name of the Indian village at the mouth of18 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. the Otego creek] at which had been an Indian vil- lage, where were a few' fruit trees and consider- able cleared land, but no inhabitants. Here, being unmolested and secure, we all refreshed ourselves. But Pallas was the worse for his rum; was so refractory that Mr. Ashley s hired man, who had been in the canoe with him, was afraid. I reproved him; got into the canoe to keep him in order; was young and inexperienced; knew not much of Indians, nor much of mankind; whereby I endan- dangered my life.” In 1763, Rev. Mr. Wheelock made application to Gen. Amherst for a land grant in the following words: “ That a tract of land, about fifteen or twenty miles square, or so much as shall be suffi- cient for four townships, on the west side of Sus- quehanna river, or in some other place more conven- ient, in the heart of the Indian country, be granted in favor of this school. The said townships be peopled with a chosen number of inhabitants of known honesty, integrity, and such as love and will be kind to, and honest in their dealings with Indians. “ That a thousand acres of, and within said grant be given to this school; part of it to be a college for the education of missionaries, interpreters, school-masters, etc.; and part of it a school to teach reading, writing, etc. And that there beTHE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. 19 manufactures for the instruction of both males and females, in whatever shall be useful and necessary in life, and proper tutors, masters and mistresses be provided for the same.57CHAPTER II. TOURING the war for independence, the Susque- ^ hanna valley below Schenevus creek was the lurking place of Indians and Tories, who, from this secluded territory, made many and frequent inroads upon the settlements on the Schoharie and Char- lotte. Owing to the remoteness of this section and the weak condition of the frontiersmen, the trail of the retreating savages was seldom followed to any considerable distance and consequently but little knowledge concerning the valley was derived by the settlers at the former points until the restor- ation of peace. In 1770, an extensive tract of land was granted to Sir William Johnson and others, a large part of which lies within the limits of the town of One- onta. This tract lies on both sides of the Susque- hanna river, both above and below the Otego creek. It is supposed the first settlement within the town was made upon this patent.* It contained 26,000 acres. *Many have erroneously believed this patent to have been the grant made by the Indian chief to sir William in accordance with a dream the latter had, i. e., he had dreamed that the Indian gave him all of a certain described tract, whereupon the Indian told him that he sup- posed what he had dreamed must be true, but “ be sure and not dream again.” “Dreamland,” by good authority, is said to be in Herkimer county.21 THE HISTORY OF ONEOKTA. Some years before the commencement of hostili- ties, Henry Schramling, a hardy pioneer from the older settlement at German Flats, on the Mohawk, came into the valley and made a settle- ment at a point near the Otego creek bridge, but by reason of the troubled condition of the country after 1775, Mr. Schramling moved back to the Mohawk for greater security. After the war he with his brothers, George and David, returned to the Susquehanna. It is believed upon good authority that he was the first white settler in the town of Oneonta. After the departure of the Schramling family, many years elapsed before any pioneers were found venturesome enough to settle in this portion of the valley. Abram Houghtailing, Elias Brewer and Peter Swartz became settlers here in 1786. Houghtail- ing and Brewer came from Washington county, and Swartz from Schoharie. About the same date, James Youngs settled near the mouth of the Char- lotte and Baltus Kimball settled north of the*vil- lage on the farm now owned by Jacob Morell. About the year 1790, Thomas Morenus* settled on the south side of the river. He was a German from Schoharie. About the same time Frederick *Thomas Morenus, before settling here, had been a captive among the Indians, and had “ run the gauntlet” at Fort Niagara. The ter- rible scourging he had received at the hands of the savages left marks which were plainly traceable when he had become an old man.22 THE HISTORY OF OKEONTA. Brown came from Fulton, N. Y., and settled on the farm formerly owned and occupied by Eliakim R. Ford. At this time Brown’s house was the only one standing within the limits of the present village corporation. About the year 1795, one Aaron Brink built a large log house by the mill pond, or rather between the railroad crossing on Main street and the mill pond. Brink’s house was the first hotel kept in the village of Oneonta, and perhaps the first that was kept in town. Between Brown’s house and Brink’s tavern there was only a common wood-road, with a dense forest on either side. About the same time John Yanderwerker built the first grist-mill. This mill stood some distance east of the grist-mill now standing in the lower part of the village. In 1791, Asel Marvin came from Vermont and first settled at Oneonta Plains. Shortly afterwards he removed on a large tract of wild land, about two miles from the village, upon the Oneonta Creek. He was a well-known builder and lumberman. For twenty-two consecutive years he rafted lumber to Baltimore. He built the first school house on the Oneonta Creek road, and when the first church edifice was built in town, he was one of the trustees of the church society. When Mr. Marvin moved into the valley of the Oneonta Creek, the countryTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 23 across the hill from Oneonta to Laurens, was al- most an unbroken wilderness. Some years later than the last named date, Peter Dinninny opened the first store kept in Oneonta. The store then stood where the opera block now stands. The first school-house was built soon after 1790, and stood on the rise of ground near the house of Horace Sessions, on the south side of the river. Previous to 1816, when the Presbyterian church was built, church services were generally held in Frederick Brown’s barn. The first clergyman who regularly preached here was the Rev. Alfred Conkey, who was settled at Milford. Mr. Conkey is yet remembered by some of the older citizens as a very earnest and zealous man, besides being a person of liberal culture. The first white child born in this town, or the first known to have been born in town, was Abram Houghtaling. He was born in 1786. John and Nicholas Beams were early settlers to- the east of the village. Elisha Shepherd came from New England at an early day and settled at Oneonta Plains. His sons, in after years, became actively engaged in different branches of industry, and the Plains at one time bid fair to become the most prominent village in town. It contained a hotel, a store, two churches and a distillery.24 THE HISTOBY OE ONEONTA. Andrew Parish was also one of the pioneers of Oneonta. He was born in Massachusetts in 1786, and moved from Springfield here in 1808. He settled on the south side of the river on the John Fritts farm, and afterwards on the hill near the “RoundTop.” Prom the latter place he moved to the farm now owned by his son Stephen, on the south side of the river. Mr. Parish reared a large family of children, all of whom became successful farmers, and men of business. Andrew Parish was a justice of the town for twenty years in suc- cession. He was also a commissioner of schools under the old system. In 1809 he put up a brick kiln on the Elisha Shepherd farm at the Oneonta Plains, from which came the first bricks that were used in town. Dr. Joseph Lindsay was the first physician who settled in Oneonta. He came from Pelham, in the old county of Hampshire, Mass., in the year 1807. Having received a liberal education in the ad- vanced schools of his native state and at Williams College, in after years he became a teacher to many of the younger people of the country who were ambitious of extending their studies beyond the rudimentary branches taught at* that time in. the schools of the neighborhood. In 1815, Frederick Bornt moved on the farm now owned and occupied by his son, on the OneontaTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA.. 25 Creek. He had been a soldier in the war of 1812 and had served at the battle of Plattsburg. He came from Rensselaer county, N. Y. Before the date last named, Jacob Van Woert, a Dutchman, and father of the late Peter and John Van Woert, came from Albany and settled on the farm lately owned by his son Peter, near the mouth of the Otego Creek. Asa Emmons about the same time settled on the south side of the river, near the Charlotte. He came from Vermont, and settled where Deacon Slade now lives. Jacob Wolf, the father of Conradt Wolf, had also settled in the south- ern part of the town at about the close of the Rev- olutionary war. Mr. Wolf had been taken as an Indian captive to Canada, where he had been detained for several years. His home, when cap- tured, was in the valley of the Mohawk. While extinguishing a fire which had caught in a tall hemlock, by night, he was surprised by a company of Indians, by whom he was easily overpowered. He at length escaped from his captors, and making his way southward, after a long and perilous journey, he met with friends on the Tioga river. He rejoined his wife on the Mohawk, and after- wards removed to the Susquehanna, on the farm now owned by George Swart, southwest of the village. Elihu Gifford, with four sons, came from Albany26 THE HISTOEY OE ONEONTA. county in 1803, and first settled at West Oneonta, on the farm now owned by Joseph Taber. In 1806, Mr. Gifford moved to the farm now owned by Henry Gifford on Oneonta Creek. About the same time Josiah Peet and Ephraim Farrington moved into the same neighborhood. Later, Col. Wm. Richardson settled further up the creek and built a saw-mill and a grist-mill. “Richardson’s Mills” became a well-known place in a few years, and a thriving hamlet soon began to form around them. Col. Richardson was an enterprising man of busi- ness and took a prominent part in the affairs of the town. He served in the war of 1812-15. When Elihu Gifford moved to the Oneonta Creek there were only four “clearings” in that valley. A Mr. Armitage had made some inroads upon the wilderness, on what is now known as the Losee farm; Asel Marvin had made a clearing on the James Sheldon farm, and there were others on Mrs. Richardson’s farm, and where Peter Yager lives. The settlers along the Oneonta Creek, after Mr. Marvin, moved in slowly. About 1804, David Yager came from Greenbush, N. Y., and purchased the farm now known as the Peter Yager farm. Solomon Yager, the father of David, came afterwards, purchasing his son’s farm.* * For the purpose of showing the increase in the value of real es- tate, it may be mentioned that at the time David Yager sold to his father, he was offered a farm lying between Maple street and the farm of J. ft. L. Walling, containing 150 acres, for $400.THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 27 James McDonald settled at the lower end of the village at an early date. Mr. McDonald was of Scotch descent, and an active business man. The lower part of the village was largely built through his enterprise and at one time bid fair to become the business centre of the village. He built a mill and hotel, and also became an extensive landholder. James McDonald kept the first post-office estab- lished within the limits of the town. The first settlers were mostly German Palatin- ates from Schoharie and the Mohawk. The Ger- man was the language of common conversation, and so continued until Dr. Lindsay and Asa Em- mons came into the settlement. At this time the * Emmons and Lindsay families were the only ones that made the English their exclusive language. These German settlers were a patient and per- severing people, %nd betook themselves to the task of felling the forest and rearing homes for them- selves and their posterity, with a noble and praise- worthy resolution. Beneath the sturdy strokes of the axe, the wilderness slowly but gradually dis- appeared around their rude homes, and in the place of the gloomy forest, fields of waving grain appeared on every side to cheer and encourage the industrious woodsman. The forests abounded in the most ravenous animals, such as bears, panthers and wolves, while along the river and creek bot-28 THE HISTOKY OF ONEONTA. toms the ground was at places almost literally cov- ered with poisonous reptiles. The climate was severe, and the country remote from the frontier, yet notwithstanding the obstacles and discourage- ments that beset them, these were not sufficient to cause the settlers to relax their efforts to rear com- fortable homes for their descendants. The following story I have taken from Priest’s Collection, for the reason that the scene of the ex- ploit is said to have been near our town boundaries: “Ben Wheaton was one of the first settlers on the waters of the Susquehanna, immediately after the war, a rough, uncultivated and primitive man. As many others of the same stamp and character, he subsisted chiefly by hunting, cultivating the land but sparingly, and in this way raised a numerous family amid the woods, in a half starved condition, and comparative nakedness. But as the Susque- hanna country rapidly increased in population, the hunting grounds of Wheaton were encroached up- on ; so that a chance with his smooth-bore, among the deer and bears was greatly lessened. On this account Wheaton removed from the Susquehanna country, in Otsego county, to the more unsettled wilds of the Delaware, near a place yet known by the appellation of Wait’s Settlement * where game *Wait’s Settlement is said to have been in the vicinity of what now is known as North Franklin.THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 29 was more plenty. The distance from where he made his home in the woods, through to the Sus- quehanna, was about fifteen miles, and was one con- tinued wilderness at that time. Through these woods this almost aboriginal hunter was often com- pelled to pass to the Susquehanna, for various necessaries, and among the rest no small quantity ol wThiskey, as he was of very intemperate habits. On one of these visits, in the midst of summer, with his smooth-bore always on his shoulder, knife, hatchet, &c., in their proper place, he had nearly penetrated the distance, when he became weary, and having come to the summit of a ridge (some- time in the afternoon) which overlooks the vale of the Susquehanna, he selected a convenient place in the shade, as it was hot, for the rays of the sun from the west poured his sultry influence through all the forest,where he lay down to rest awhile among the leaves, after having taken a drink from his pint bottle of green glass, and a mouthful of cold John- ney cake from his pocket. “ In this situation he was soothed to drowsiness by the hum of insects, and the monotony of passing winds among the foliage around him, when he soon unwarily fell asleep with his gun folded in his arms. But after a while he awoke from his sleep, and for a moment or two still lay in the same position, as it happened, without stirring, when he found that80 THE HISTORY OF OSEONTA. something had taken place while he had slept, which had situated him somewhat differently from the manner in which he first went to sleep. On reflecting a moment, he found he was entirely cov- ered over, head and ears, with leaves and light stuff, occasioned, as he now suspected, either by the sudden blowing of the wind, or by some wild animal. On which account he became a little dis- turbed in his mind, as he well knew the manners of the panther at that season of the year, when it hunts to supports its young, and will often cover its prey with leaves and bring its whelps to the banquet. He therefore continued to lie perfectly still, as when he first awoke; he thought he heard the step of some kind of heavy animal near him ; and he knew that if it were a panther, the distance between himself and death could not be far, if he should attempt to rise up. Accordingly, as he suspected, after having lain a full minute, he now distinctly heard the retiring tread of the stealthy panther, of which he had no doubt, from his knowl- edge of the creature’s ways. . It had taken but a few steps however, when it again stopped a longer time; still Wheaton continued his silent position, knowing his safety depended much on this. Soon the tread was again heard, farther and farther off, till it entirely died away in the distance—but he still lay motionless a few minutes longer, when heTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 31 ventured gently and cautiously to raise his head and cast an eye in the direction the creature, what- ever it was, had gone, but could see nothing. He now rose up with a spring, for his blood had been running from his heart to his extremities, and back again, with uncommon velocity; all the while his ears had listened to the steps of the animal on the leaves and brush. He now saw plainly the, marks of design among the leaves, and that he had been covered over, and that the paws of some creature had done it. “ And as he suspected the panther was the ani- mal, he knew it would soon return to kill him, on which account he made haste to deceive it, and to put himself in a situation to give it a taste of the contents of old smooth-bore. He now seized upon some pieces of old wood which lay all about, and placed as much as was equal to his own bulk, ex- actly where he had slept, and covered it over with leaves in the same manner the panther had done, and then sprang to a tree near by, into which he ascended, from whence he had a view a good distance about him, and especially in the direction the creature had gone. Here in the crotch of the tree he stood, with his gun resting across a limb, in the direction of the place where he had been left by the panther, looking sharply as far among the woods as possible, in the direction he expected32 THE HISTORY OF OKEONTA. the creature's return. But he had remained in this condition but a short time, and had barely thrust the ram-rod down the barrel of his piece, to be sure the charge was in her, and to examine her priming, and to shut down the pan slowly, so that it should not snap, and thus make a noise, when his keen Indian eye, for such he had, caught a glimpse of a monstrous panther, leading warily two panther kittens toward her intended supper. Now matters were hastening to a climax rapidly, when Wheaton or the panther must finish their hunting on the mountains of the Susquehanna, for if old smooth-bore should flash in the pan, or miss her aim. the die would be cast, as a second load would be impossible ere her claws would have sun- dered his heart strings in the tree where he was, or if he should but partially wound her the same must have been his fate. During these thoughts the panther had hid her young under some brush, and had come within some thirty feet of the spot where she supposed her victim was still sleeping; and seeing all as she left it, she dropped down to a crouching position, precisely as a cat, when about to spring on its prey. Now was seen the soul of the panther in its perfection, merging from the re- cesses of nature where hidden by the creator, along the whole nervous system, but resting chiefly in the brain, whence it glared, in bright horror,THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 83 from the burning eyes, curled in the strong and vi- brating tail, pushed out the sharp, white and elipti- cal fangs from the broad and powerful paws, ready for rending, glittered on the points of its uncovered teeth, and smoked in rapid tissues of steam from its red and open jaws, while every hair of its long dun back stood erect in savage joy, denoting that the fatal and decisive moment of its leap had come. • “ Now the horrid nestling of its hinder claws, drawn under its belly was heard, and the bent ham strings were seen but a half instant by Wheaton, from where he sat in his tree, when the tremendous leap was made. It rose on a long curve into the air, of about ten feet in the highest place, and from thence descending, it struck exactly where the breast, head and bowels of its prey had lain, with a scream too horrible for description, when it tore to atoms the rotten wood, filling for several feet above it, the air with the leaves and light brush, the covering of the deception. But instantly the panther found herself cheated, and seemed to droop a little with disappointment, when however she re- sumed an erect posture, and surveyed quite around on every side on a horizontal line, in search of her prey, but not discovering it, she cast a furious look aloft among the tops of the trees, when in a mo- ment or two the eyes of Wheaton and the panther34 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. met. Now for another leap, when she dropped for that purpose ; but the bullet and two buck shot of old smooth bore were too quick, as he lodged them all exactly in the brain of the savage mon- ster, and stretched her dead on the spot where the hunter had slept but a short time before, in the soundness of a mountain dream. “ Wheaton had marked the spot where her young were hidden, which, at the report of the gun, were frightened and ran up a tree. He now came down and found the panther to measure, from the end of its nose to the point of its tail, eight feet six inches in length; a creature sufficiently strong to have carried him off on a full run, had he fallen into its power. He now reloaded and went to the tree where her kittens, or the young panthers were, and soon brought them down from their grapple among the limbs, companions for their conquered and slain parent. “ Wheaton dismantled them of their hides, and hastened away before the night should set in, lest some other encounter might overtake him of a similar character, when the disadvantage of dark- ness might decide the victory in a way more ad- vantageous to the roamers of the forest. Of this feat Ben Wheaton never ceased to boast; reciting it as the most appalling passage of his hunting life. The animal had found him while asleep,THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 85 and had him concealed, as he supposed, intending to give her young a specimen of the manner of their future life; or if this is too much for the mind of a dumb animal, she intended at least to give them a supper. . “ This circumstance was all that saved his life, or the panther would have leapt upon him at first, and have torn him to pieces, instead of covering him with leaves, as she did, for the sake of her young. The panther is a ferocious and almost untamable animal, whose nature and habits are like those of the cat; except that the nature and powers of this domestic creature are in the panther immensely magnified, in strength and voracity. It is in the American forest what the tiger is in Africa and India, a dangerous and savage animal, the ter- ror of all other creatures, as well as of the In- dian and the white man.” The German Palatinates who settled in the up- per Susquehanna were noted for their physical en- durance and their fondness for sports, but the same can hardly be said of their desire for intellectual culture. Perhaps they were no worse, in this re- spect, than circumstances made them. Poverty and hard work were their portion, and the share was not stinted out to them. There were no news- papers, that is, during the earlier history of the settlement, published at a nearer point than Albany.THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. Even those papers were but poor affairs. They were filled with the unimportant doings of the Dutch burghers'—perhaps enlivened now and then, with a highly seasoned article, full of indignation because some obscure man in Massachusetts had committed a trespass by cutting a forest tree on the manor of Livingston. School teachers were not numerous nor were they well qualified for their work. School houses were at a great distance from most of the homes. They were both comfortless and cheerless. The snows were deep in winter and the weather was inclement. In summer, even little hands were helpful at home. In their sports, the settlers were often inclined to push a joke to rudeness, and what began in fun often ended in a fight. Still, they were good- natured, honest people. They were kind to those needing assistance, and if necessity became com- mon so did the loaf of bread. There was no lack of social enjoyment, for their hardest toil was made the occasion of a gathering. If a piece of woodland was to be cleared, or a fallow, the male portion of the community united in a “bee” and the work was soon done. Perhaps, while the men were thus working together in the field, the women had gathered within doors, and were busily plying their fingers over the mottledTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 37 patch-work of a quilt. In the lengthening sum- mer twilight the men, coatless and barefoot, sat in groups on the front steps or under the low Dutch stoops and talked of the incoming crops, the weather or the watery moon. The forests, all over the hillsides, where now village streets are creeping up and winding across, were frowning with great pines and hemlocks. The log road ran in every direction and was no more ex- clusive than a common highway. The “ shingle- weaver’s” huts were on nearly every road and by- path. The most towering pines were regarded as lawful prize, and during the winter the men found plenty of employment and slight recompense in hauling the pines to mill. Here they were con- verted into lumber, which was piled up by the bank of the river until “the spring freshet.” On the swollen stream it was rafted to Baltimore, Harris- burg and other places. The “ rafting season” was looked forward to with no little solicitude by the more robust and dar- ing of the young men. They waited for the rafts to be cut from their moorings with keen anticipa- tion, and the stories of some of the river men are still well remembered by the older inhabitants. For a great many years, Albany was the only market to which the pioneers carted their wheat. The roads were barely passable and the trip toTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. Albany and back required from six to eight days. The wagons, upon which the produce was carted, were of rough and clumsy make. It would not be supposed that the driver would find much pleasure in making the distance to market and back on one of these clumsy vehicles, but the trip, especially to the younger mea, was not without its enjoyments. They carried their provisions in a large, round, wooden box over which closed a round, wooden cover. They also carried provender for their teams and the only necessary cash expense was a sixpence each night for lodging. The more sump- tuous and less economical might, if they chose, di- minish their exchequer to the amount of an extra sixpence by indulging in a glass of “ flip.” Nearly every farm-house of any pretension on the high road to Albany was a hotel, so-called, if not in fact. Seated at night within these primitive hotels, the farmers who had assembled from different parts told their tales of prowess—some true stories and a good many lies. Beside the ambitious house that gloried in a daub of red paint and which had been pushed up to the aristocratic height of one and a half or two stories, before which flapped in the wind a wide, white board with the cheerful announcement, “ Smith’s Inn—Refreshments for Man or Beast,” stood a more modest structure. Brown, unpainted,THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 89 unclapboarded, it stood by the wayside. Its log walls were stuccoed with mud, and in the wide mouth of the doorway was the brawny housewife, bare-armed, peering from beneath a slatternly red sun-bonnet, while over, the doorway the passer-by read the letters in red chalk upon a new pine shingle: V‘"‘CAKES AND BEER FOR SALE HERE.” ’ | After the farmer had sold or bartered away his wheat or other produce, he generally returned with a load of goods for the village merchant.CHAPTER III; DUOMINENT among the early settlers of One- onta was Jacob Dietz, who removed into the settlement from Schoharie county about the year 1804. Mr. Dietz was early appointed a justice of the peace, and continued in office either by appointment or election for a great length of time. He was active in the affairs of the town and an energetic man of business. He was a long time in mercantile busi- ness, and his store, which was situated where now stands the brick building occupied by the First National Bank, was the center of a lively trade for those times. Mr. Dietz accumulated an exten- sive estate, and reared a large family of children. He became the owner of extensive tracts of land, some of which are now occupied by the streets and residences of the village. Some of his representa- tives are now living in the west and are deservedly esteemed where they reside. At about the date last mentioned, one School- craft erected a modest structure on the site of the Susquehanna House. Schoolcraft’s house became in a short time the leading tavern of the community, where poor grog and worse food were dispensedTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 41 to the villagers and wayfarers, doubtless much to the gratification of their primitive tastes. About the same period, 1804-5, one Joseph Westcott, from the present town of Milford, erected a store nearly opposite the residence of D. M. Mil- ler. These stores—Dinninny’s, mentioned in the preceding chapter, Dietz’s and Westcott’s—were all of the most primitive order, and, especially the first named, contained but a meagre stock of goods, the stock generally consisting of a barrel of New Eng- land rum of the most violent nature, several old bull ploughs, a little crockery ware, a few cooking utensils, and a small amount of dry goods. There was but little money and the merchant’s trade was carried on mostly in the way of barter, the trades- man exchanging his merchandise for grain, lumber and shingles. Early in the history of the town, a Mr. Walling, the grandfather of J. R. L. Walling, located to the east of Oneonta creek, near where his descendant above named now lives. One Newkirk also set- tled on Chestnut street, on the lot adjoining Phi- lander Lane’s. Lawrence Swart settled on the farm now owned and occupied by Henry Wilcox, about the same time that Jacob Dietz came into the settlement.* *There were other families among the settlers by the name of Hill- singer, Co use, Whitmarsh, Harsen, Sullivan, White and Morrell.42 THE H18T0EY OF ONEONTA. At the time of Swart’s settlement the land on the lower end of River street was covered by a dense forest of hemlock and maple. Over those attractive and well-tilled fields now composing Mr, Wilcox’s farm, roamed at that time the bear and the panther, and glided with little molestation num- berless rattlesnakes of the largest and most pois- onous species. The settlement along the river, below the residence of George Scramling, seemed to proceed slowly, as the land below this point was considered of but little value, while the heavy growth of hemlock precluded the rapid clearing away of the forest. To the north and east of the village the hillsides yielded a vast quantity of the more valuable timber. For news outside of the little settlement the in- habitants had recourse to the Freeman's Journal, at that time published by one of the pioneers of journalism in Otsego county, John H. Prentiss. The mails were conveyed from one settlement to another by the postman, who traveled over the hills and through the valleys on horseback, and made known his approach to each post-village by the winding of a huge horn, which was always carried by his saddle-bows ready for use. During the war of 1812-14, the winding of the postman’s horn caused the settlers both in the vil- lage and without to assemble rapidly and in lullTHE HIS TOEY OF ONEONTA. 43 force, men, women and children, to learn the news from the u Canada border.” Early in that war a number of men entered the army from Oneonta. Some of them were stationed at Sackett’s Harbor and Oswego, while others did good service at Lundy’s Lane and the Heights of Queenstown. But few of those veterans yet remain to tell “ Of their strange ventures happed by land or sea,” At the time of its-first settlement, Oneonta was in the old county of Tryon, which was formed from Albany county in 1772. Tryon county them em- braced the whole western portion of the state, from a line extending north and south through the cen- tre of the present county of Schoharie, to Lake Erie. In 1784 the name was changed from Tryon to Montgomery. Oneonta was then in the old town of Suffrage. During the period of which we have written, Oneonta as a distinct town had no existence. The village of Oneonta was then in the town of Mil- ford, and was known as Milfordville. Through the brawl of two old bruisers, it was sometimes vulgarly called “ Klipknocky.”* This nickname lasted a long while, and was known at a long dis- tance from home. *On the banks of the Susquehanna, in Pennsylvania, there is a thriving little hamlet known as “ Klipknocky Jr.” It was first set- tled by an emigrant from Oneonta. While the river was the high- way the most easily traveled, fugitives from the older settlement found a landing-place for their canoes and a safe retreat for them - selves at “ Klipknocky Jr.”44 THE HISTOKY OF OKEONTA. In 18B0 the town of Oneonta was formed from the adjoining towns of Milford and Otego. It is said that it received the name Oneonta at the sug- gestion of Gen. Erastus Root. Among the early inhabitants of Oneonta, whose enterprise contributed to the developement of the resources of the town, was William Angell, who soon after his settlement here became the most prominent inhabitant of the village. He built the Oneonta House, where he acted as host for a num- ber of years. He was also one of the proprietors of the Charlotte turnpike, which upon its comple- tion in 1884, was made the great highway from Catskill to the southwestern portion of the state. Any attempted sketch of our early history would be very far from complete and far from just, were mention not made of a class of citizens, some of whom are still living, whose labors were early identified with the history of the town, a part of whom were here born and here grew to manhood ; a part of whom came to the village while it was yet an outlying hamlet, but whose labors have largely aided in advancing the growth and pros- perity of the community. Among these was Timothy Sabin, a native of the town, who, upon arriving at the age of manhood, embarked in mercantile pursuits, and continued to an advanced age to lend his aid to the manage-THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 45 ment of an extensive business. Another of the older class of men of the village is John M. Wat- kins, who was born in Oneonta in 1806. For thirty years Mr. Watkins was one of the leading hotel keepers of the village, and during this long period in which he acted the part of host, his house was known far and wide as the best kept hostelry in this section. There are many more “ to the manor born” whose names it would be a pleasure to mention, but for lack of data which their friends or representatives have neglected or failed to fur- nish, we are compelled to forego any more ex- tended notice. Occupying a prominent position among those who, at an early date, emigrated into the town was Eliakim R. Ford. Mr. Ford was born in Albany county in 1797, and removed to Greenville, Greene county, when quite young. From the latter place he removed to Oneonta in 1822, he then being twenty-five years of age. He at once embarked in mercantile enterprises and so conducted his business matters as to rapidly win both the confi- dence and trade of his fellow citizens. His first store stood near the Free Baptist church. From that point he removed to a store next to the lot where now the opera house stands, and in 1828 he again moved into a store which he had built near the residence of Harvey Baker. His late resi-46 THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. dence and the stone store recently destroyed by fire were built in 1839-40. Dr. Samuel H. Case settled in the village of Oneonta in 1829. He was born in Franklin, N. Y., in 1808, and at the age of twenty-one was gradu- ated at the medical college at Fairfield, N. Y. More than fifty years he has continued the practice of medicine in the village and throughout the sur- rounding country. There are but a few among the longer resident population of the community who have not, atone time or another, been under the Doctor’s treatment. He built the office still occupied by him, in 1832, and his house in 1834—soon after his marriage—and has never moved from either since he began to occupy them. When he moved into the village, the latter con- tained only two painted houses, and the whole bus- iness prosperity of the hamlet was then centered in two stores—Dietz’s and Ford’s—one potash and two distilleries. Dr. Case is of New England ancestry, his father having emigrated to Franklin from Tolland county, Connecticut, in 1792. Col. William W. Snow came to Oneonta, a few years after the last named, and early engaged in manufacturing. The Colonel was born in the town of Heath, Franklin county, Mass. He became interested in the organization and welfare of the militia. He was elected to a colonelcy, whence hisTHE HISTOKY OF ONEONTA. 47 military title. He was elected to congress from Otsego and Schoharie counties in 1848. He has been several times elected to our state legislature, and has been a member of the third house many years. Though not a resident of the town, yet his busi- ness relations have been such as to identify the name of Jared Goodyear with its history. Mr. Goodyear for a long term of years resided upon the borders of Oneonta, and from an early period was largely interested in the business of the village. He was born in Connecticut, and while a boy removed to Schoharie county, whence he came to Colliersville while yet a young man, and there he resided the remainder of his life. By persistent industry Mr. Goodyear accumulated a large for- tune, and won a high reputation for integrity. The following is a column of business cards from the “ Oneonta Weekly Journal,” of July 1, 1841. It is nearly a correct showing of what the business of the village then was : Headquarters at the foot of Chestnut street. New Fall and Winter goods. Timothy Sabin is now receiving a fresh supply of Spring and Summer Goods, comprising a general assortment of Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Dye Stuffs, Paints, Oils, etc., etc., for sale as low as at any establishment west of the Hudson river. Please call and ex- amine goods and prices; they are well selected, and will be sold cheap for Cash, Produce, or a liberal credit. Oneonta, May 13, 1841.48 THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. Cabinet and Chair Warehouse, No. 10 Chestnut st., One- onta. The subscriber respectfully informs his friends, and the public generally, that he has opened a Cabinet Ware- house at No. 10 Chestnut st, Oneonta, where he manufac- tures and keeps constantly on hand, a general assortment of Cabinet Furniture, comprising Mahogany, Cherry and Maple work. Also, a good assortment of Chairs, will be kept con- stantly on hand, and all other articles generally found at an establishment of this kind. N. B. Most kinds of Lumber and grain will be received inpayment. Oneonta, Sept. 17, 1840. R. W. Hopkins. A Card Executed at the office of the Oneonia Weekly Journal with neatness and dispatch and on reasonable terms, Job Printing of every description. E. Cooke, Attorney at Law, Oneonta, Otsego County, N.Y. John B. Steele, Attorney, &c., Oneonta, Otsego County, N. Y. Office, in the stone building opposite the Otsego House, Main street. Mason Gilbert, Hatter, Main street, Oneonta. The following advertisement from the “Weekly Journal,”of July 1,1841, will show that people were not more honest in former times than they are now : FENCE IN THE FOG. rI'’HE fence around the Baptist Church in this village, has disap- 1 peared very mysteriously during the past winter. Whether strayed or stolen it is not yet definitely ascertained; but from circum- stances recently developed, the latter idea seems most conclusive. Rumor says it has been tracked going Westward ; but still, as the Church is located on quite an elevated piece of ground, and near the brink of the hill, it is possible that it may have slid off to the East- ward. Any person who will give correct information where said fence may be found, or where it was last seen after leaving the premises, will be liberally rewarded by the trustees of the Baptist society. Any person wishing to make any confession in relation to it, may rely upon having profound secrecy maintained by applying soon to one of the Deacons of the Church, Oneonta, May 20,1841.THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. 49 Cooke & Brown, retail dealers in Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Iron, Steel, &c., &c. Store under the office of the Oneonta Weekly Journal, Main street, Oneonta. Potter C. Burton, dealer in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver and German Silver Ware, &c., &c. One door north of Cooke & Brown’s Store, Main street, Oneonta. Timothy Sabin, retail dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Iron, Steel, &c., &c. Store opposite the Oneonta House, Maiu street, foot of Chestnut, Oneonta. Clyde & Cook, retail dealers in Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Drugs & Medicines, Dye Woods & Dye Stuffs, &c., &c. Store nearly opposite the Otsego House, Main street, Oneonta. Snow & Van Woert, manufacturers of, and wholesale and retail dealers in Tin, Sheet-Iron, and Copper ware, Stoves, &c., &c. Over Clyde & Cook’s Store, Main street, Oneonta. C. Noble, manufacturer of, and wholesale and retail dealer in Beach’s Patent Shaving Soap, Beach’s Liquid Opo- deldoc, and Black Yarnish, &c., &c. Main street, Oneonta. Robert W. Hopkins, manufacturer of, and dealer in Cabi- net Ware and Chairs of every description. Chestnut street, Oneonta. Cushing & Potter, manufacturers of, and wholesale and retail dealers in Barrels & Firkins, &c., &c. Main st., One- onta. W. W. Snow’s Wool Carding and Cloth Dressing Estab- lishment. Opposite E. R. Ford’s Store, Main street, Oneonta. Ben net & Smith, dealers in Morocco, Boots and Shoes, Thread, Nails, and Findings, &c., &c., Chestnut street, One- onta, Otsego Co., N. Y. George W. Andrews, Chair Maker, and House & Sign Painter, (Chestnut street,) Oneonta, Otsego Co., N. Y. C. G. Cross, Waggon and Carriage Maker, Chestnut street, Oneonta.50 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. E. R. Ford, retail dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Crodk- ery, Hardware, Drugs & Medicines, Dye Woods & Dye Stuffs, Iron, Steel, &c., &c., Main street, Oneonta. From the town book the following copy of the doings of the people, at their first town meeting, has been made: “ At an annual town meeting held in the town of Oneonta at the house of Thomas D. Alexander, on the 1st day of March, present Eliakim R. Ford,) Justices in Robert Cook, j said town. “ After the opening of the meeting by proclama- tion, it was resolved, 1st, That there be three assessors elected for said town. 2d. That there be four constables elected for said town. 3d, That there be four pound-masters chosen for said town. 4th, That an amount, equal to the sum which may be distributed to said town from the common school fund, be raised by tax for the support of common schools in said town. 5th, That the sum of one dollar per day be allowed to the fence viewers of said town. 6th, That five per cent, be allowed as the com- pensation to the collector, as his fees for collecting the taxes for said town.THE HISTOKT OF ONEONTA. 51 7th, That all circular and partition fences, in said town, shall be at least four feet and six inches high. 8th, That widows, who have no land, shall be entitled to let their cattle run at large in the pub- lic highways, from the first of April to the first of December. 9th, That the annual town meeting shall be held on the first Thursday of March. The following officers were then elected for the town : Supervisor, William Richardson. Town Clerk, Adam Brown. {John Dillingham, Jonah Northrup, John S. Yager. {John Van Woert, John Fritts, John T. Quackenboss. {Isaac Shepherd, Asel Marvin, William Angel. Overseers of the poor -j 2; Geo. 0. Phelps, 1863-69; H. H. Allen, 1869— The next church organization was by the Metho- dist Episcopals. The first steps towards forming the society were taken by Nathan Bennett, Silas Washburn, David T. Evans, David Fairchild, and David T. Clark. This society had no house of worship for many years, and held their meetings in the village school house. The first church edi- fice was built in 1844. In 1868-69 a new and large meeting house was built and finished at a costTHE niSTOEY OF ONEONTA. of $12,000. Rev. George Elliott and Rev. Wm. McDonald were the first preachers. Subsequent ministers have been : Rev. C. G. Robinson, 185A- 56 ; Rev. W. G. Queal, 1856-58 ; Rev. S. M. Stone, 1858-59; Rev. D.L. Pendell, 1859-61; Rev. Geo. Parsons, 1861-63 ; Rev. P. Y. Hughston, 1863-65 ; Rev. H. N.VanDusen, 1865-67; Rev. R.W. Peebles, 1867-70 ; Rev. Austin Griffin, 1870-72 ; Rev. I. N. Pardee, 1872-75 ; Rev. W. B. Westlake, 1875- 78 ; Rev. Y. Z. Smith, 1878-79 ; Rev. A. B. Richardson, 1879-82; Rev. D. C. Olmstead, 1882—. The First Baptist society was organized April 6, 1833. At a meeting called for that purpose, David Yager was chosen moderator and James Slade clerk. April 2-1, 1833, a council was held, of which Elder Alex. Smith, of Franklin, was mod- erator, and Elder Kingsley, of Meredith, clerk. The pastors have been Rev. D. B. Crane, 1833-35 ; Rev. John Smith, 1836-48 ; Rev. H. Clark, 1848- 49 ; Rev. A. B. Earle, 1849-53 ; Rev. E. West- cott, 1854-57 ; Rev. John Smith, 1858-65 ; Rev. A. Reynolds, 1865-70 ; Rev. Geo. R: Burnside, 1874-74 ; Rev. H. Brotherton, 1874-80 ; Rev. P. D. Root, 1880-82 ; Rev. E. D. Clough, 1883—. The Free Baptist church society was formed at the Emmons school house Feb. 25, 1856.* The *A Free Baptist church had been built at the Plains many years before. -64 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. council consisted of Rev. A. Wing, D. Green, O'. T. Moulton, and laymen Joseph Jenks and Harvey Mackey. The meeting house was built in 1857. The pastors have been, Rev. 0. T. Moulton, 1856- 61 ; Rev. H. Strickland, 1862 ; Rev. E. Crowel, 1864-68 ; Rev. G. P. Ramsey, 1868-72 ; Rev. O. T. Moulton, 1872-75 ; Rev. Peter Scramling, 1875 ; Rev. M. C. Brown, 1875-78; Rev. D. C. Wheeler, 1878 ; Rev. David Boyd, 1880-83 ; Rev. C. A. Gleason, 1883—. The first Episcopal services were held in 1839, by the Rev. Andrew Hall, a missionary to Oneonta and Otego. At first the society met in the school- house of the village, and afterwards built a chapel on the lot now occupied by a part of the Central Hotel. The clergy have been as follows : Rev. Andrew Hall, 1839 ; Rev. Stephen Parker, 1855; Rev. D. S. Tuttle, 1864-65 ;*Rev. E. K Goddard, 1865 ; Rev. Mr. Foote and Rev. Mr. Ferguson, 1866-67 ; Rev. Mr. Lighthipe, 1870 ; Rev. Mr. Fitzgerald, 1873-74 ; Rev. J. H. Smith, 1874 ; Rev. J. B. Colhoun, 1875-78 ; Rev. J. B. Hubbs, 1880-81; Rev. C. D< Flagler, 1882.— The society was organized under the name of St. James church, April 7, 1870. The “ First Universalist Society of Oneonta 99 was formed Dec. 12, 1877. The meeting house was built in 1878-79. The pastors have beenTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA.. 65 Rev. L. F. Porter, 1877-81 ; Rev. H. Kirke White, 1882—. The Catholic society now numbers about three hundred. Services have been conducted hereto- fore by Rev. J. J. Brosnahan, of Cobleskiil, till July, 1883, when the Bishop created a new parish at this place and appointed Rev. James H. Maney (of St. Mary’s Church, Albany), who is now the resident pastor. The parish under the charge of the Rev. Mr. Maney extends from the Cooperstown Junction to the Harpersville Tunnel. This society is about to erect a church edifice on a lot already purchased for that purpose. The “ Oneonta Union School” was organized in 1867. The sum of $5,000 was first voted for the purpose of building a schoolhouse, and afterwards the sum was increased to $7,500. The building was finished and school opened in 1868 with Wil- ber F. Saxton as principal. Mr. Saxton resigned his position in 1870, and was then succeeded by Nathaniel N. Bull as principal. In 1873 the needs of the school were met by the building of a smaller schoolhouse in the lower part of the dis- trict. In 1874 and in 1880 the main school building was enlarged to accommodate the increased atten- dance of scholars. An academic department was organized in 1874. The school is attended by about six hundred pupils, and twelve teachers areTHE H18T0EY OF ONEONTA. employed. Mr. Bull is still the efficient principal, and his labor is shared by competent assistants. The business industries and enterprises of the village consist of a number of large dry goods and clothing stores, several shoe stores, nearly a dozen grocery and provision stores, two or three bakeries, confectionery establishments, flour and feed stores, several builders7 machine shops, three saw mills, three grist mills, furniture stores, three large hardware stores, the railroad machine shops, round-houses, carriage factories, coopers7 and black- smith shops, three drug stores, two well-equipped printing offices, each of which issues a carefully edited and well patronized newspaper—Herald and Democrat and Oneonta Press. There are two banks—the “ Wilber National77 and “ The FirstNa- tional77—both of which are doing a large business and are under prudent management. There are a dozen or more lawyers and as many physicians. Three r.oomy hotels care for and furnish entertain- ment to the way-faring public, and another hotel is in course of construction. The village is rapidly growing, and new indus- tries are multiplying. A desirable water power could be furnished to drive the wheels of a large manufactory—a subject that must sooner or later attract the attention of some capitalist. Well- shaded streets and well-kept roadways add to theTHE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 67 attractions of the village, while its surroundings of cultivated fields—of hill-side and plain—of wooded slopes and mountains—render the scenery as grand and diversified as can be found in the Susquehanna „ valley.- wy ■ ESTABLISHED 1SS3. Herald and Democrat. \ Oneonta, N. Y. R REPUBLICAN NEWSPAPER, jEVOTED to the interests of Otsego County, of the Second Assembly District, and of Oneonta in particular. The most thorough local and general newspaper in the county. PUBLISHEDWEEKL $1.50 Per Year! -BY- YAGER Sc FAIRCHILD.W. L. & R. BROWN -DEALERS IN— V ENGLISH, GERMAN & AMERICAN ask PLUMBING AND GAS FITTING.Edwin P. Chapman, rHE JEWELER- jeWEtKir, 8PBCT&C1U3S, SOLID SILVER AND PLATED WARE, pUNS, Revolvers, Partridges, CUTLERY, MUSICAL GOODS, Toys, Fancy Goods, &c., &c. Fine Watch, Clock and Jewelry Repairing a Specialty. EDWIN P. CHAPMAN, ^.lETJDWilber NstiomlBmk DAVID "WILBER, President, D. F. WILBER, Vice-President, G-EO. I. WILBER, Cashier, E. A. SCRAMLIHU, Ass’t Cashier. AUTHORIZED CAPITAL, Capital Stock Paid in, - $100,000.00 Surplus Fund, - - 49,000.00 Amount of Deposits reported for Quarter ending October 2, 1883, $452,948.10. While the business of this Bank is conducted in a safe and er nomical manner, the managers aim to please and protect their - tomers. The patronage of the public is respectfully solicited. BARRIHG- HOURS i From 10 to 12 a. m,, and from 1