Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. It was scanned using Xerox software and equipment at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using CCITT Group 4 compression. The digital data were used to create Cornell's replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1984. The production of this volume was supported in part by the New York State Program for the Conservation and Preservation of Library Research Materials and the Xerox Corporation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1994....a * 11111111 gill 11 ITHE STATE RESERVATION AT SARATOGA SPRINGS An Historical and Descriptive Statement of the Mineral Springs and Baths Owned and Operated by the State of New York STATE OF NEW YORK CONSERVATION COMMISSION DIVISION OF SARATOGA SPRINGSSTATE OF NEW YORK CONSERVATION COMMISSION George D. Pratt.......................................Commissioner Alexander Macdonald . . .......................Deputy Commissioner Augustus S. Houghton. ...................................Secretary Marshall McLean...........Special Deputy Attorney-General and Counsel DIVISION OF SARATOGA SPRINGS J. G. Jones Superintendent ALBANY J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERSState Control Has Brought Back The Flow Of Congress SpringTHE STATE RESERVATION AT SARATOGA SPRINGS HISTORICAL STATEMENT Far back in the early ages of geologic time, when periods were determined by changes in the earth’s crust, and eons before the first human year was recorded, a cataclysm occurred above the primordial gneisses of the Adirondack mountain system which was destined to give to New York State the finest mineral springs on the American continent. In comparison with other earth disturbances of that unsettled period, the cataclysm was small and insignificant. It caused a crack, a geologic fault, in the com- plicated strata of rocks and other deposits overlying the original gneiss on the site of what now is Saratoga. Along the line of this fault, which runs generally northeast and southwest, with a trend to the west, the rocks on the westerly side of the crack were displaced from their counterparts on the easterly side, for a distance of approximately two hundred and fifty feet. Through this break in the layers of the earth’s surface, some of them porous and others impervious to any moisture, the waters of Saratoga Springs first reached the surface. Along the main line of the fault, or its lateral branches, every known spring of the Saratoga system is now to be found. Below the surface of the ground, paralleling the course of the Saratoga fault, borings, calculations and chemical analyses have revealed to scientists the presence of one of nature’s most wonderful laboratories, slowly constructed through the ages of layer upon layer of rock deposit, which at each successive level yields water of different chemical analysis and of differing therapeutic virtue, On the chemical reactions which occur in this subterranean laboratory weighty volumes have been written, and geologists and chemists have marshalled fact and conjecture in support of their theories. For over seven hundred feet down the waters are found. By some geologists they are said to be those of primeval Lake Albany, the salt, inland sea which once covered most of New York, and which, they suggest, might have become imprisoned between the confining layers of rock. Proof is adduced by others that a constant stream of mineralized water flows from the southwest to the northeast. It is a current of living water, gathering strength as it seeps slowly through the rocks, until, with its vitalizing charge of carbon dioxide gas, it issues clear and sparkling to the surface in more than a hundred different springs.Under State ownership and control the engineers and chemists of the State Reservation have already collected a formidable mass of data, from borings and analyses, from plottings of flow lines, and from obser- vations of the behavior of the springs under varying conditions, which are rapidly substituting for theories the solid foundations of fact. Aboriginal theory was more naive.. Manitou had stirred the water, the Indians said, when they saw and tasted the bubbling effervescence of the High Rock Spring. From the earliest times of their uncertain tra- dition the High Rock waters had flowed-upward from the depths, through a cone of tufa composed of carbonate of lime, magnesia and oxide of iron, precipitated from the water. This cone, about three feet in height, and still in place in High Rock Park, represents the gradual accumulation of centuries. During Iroquois occupation of the territory the waters had ceased to flow from the top, due, according to Indian belief, to the fact that a squaw had bathed in the spring and that the waters had shrunk back from her polluting touch. Actually, however, a lateral outlet had been formed. In order to close this outlet and bring the water again to the top, the proprietors of the spring in 1866 dug under the bottom of the cone and lifted it to one side with a derrick. Underneath were found four logs, laid in the form of a square, to make a curb about the orifice of the spring. Beneath the logs were boughs of trees, im- bedded in the black muck of a previous swamp, and indi- cating that Indians, long be- fore the Iroquois confederacy achieved its supremacy in Central New York, had built a primitive foundation in the marshy ground, that the spring might be more easily acces- sible. Next the spring was followed downward through four feet of muck and tufa. Under that was a solid ac- cumulation of tufa two feet thick. Beneath this occurred a foot of muck, in which an- other log was found. Under the muck was another three foot strata of tufa. The spring was- followed in all for seventeen feet below the apex of the High Rock cone, and it is estimated that at least Manitou First Stirred the Waters in the High Rock Cone 6A Pavilion Now Surrounds the High Rock Spring three thousand years were required to lay down these various stratificat- ions of swamp debris and mineral accumulations. At the bottom of the excavation were the blackened embers of a man-made fire. Whether Indian clinical tradition regarding the healing qualities in Saratoga waters covered a span of full three thousand years, or more, is but interesting speculation. Of fa,r more importance today is the fact that modern clinical history proves a knowledge of the medicinal value of the springs for exactly a century and a half. It was in 1767 that General Sir William Johnson was carried by his Iroquois com- rades to the site of the High Rock cone, where he quickly recovered from a serious malady. Subsequently he wrote to his friend, General Philip Schuyler: “ I have just returned from a visit to a most amazing spring which effected my cure ahd I have sent for Dr. Stringer of New York to analyze it.” The application of the word Saratoga to the springs had not at that time been made. For more than one hundred and sixty years Fort Saratoga had been standing on the banks of the Hudson, at what is now Schuylerville. “ The derivation of the word Saratoga is shrouded in obscurity. Many attempts have been made to establish its meaning, but all have been conjectures, most of which are without sound foundation 7No Artificiality Mars The Walks And Drives Of Geyser ParkTennyson’s Brook Has Its Counterpart In The Ferndell in the Iroquois language. It has been asserted, for instance, that it comes from two Indian words meaning ‘ Place of Salt/ whence the Salt Springs, and also that it means ‘ Place of Sparkling Waters/ These interpretations are erroneous, a fact especially evident since the original application of the word was to a point on the Hudson and not to the Springs at all. The changes of time, however, have caused Old Saratoga to be entirely forgotten, except by those who find interest in history and tradition, while to the modern world the name has become a synonym for Salt Springs and Sparkling Waters, and a designation for one of the best known health and pleasure resorts on the American continent. “ Next to the original Indian occupants, the ground on which the village of Saratoga stands, and through which the mineral waters of Saratoga flow, belonged to Rip Van Dam, who received it by allotment in 1770, but is otherwise unknown to fame. The first hotel was built by Dirck Scoughten in 1771, near the High Rock Spring, and was occupied three years later by John Arnold of Rhode Island. The surroundings at that time included sixteen Indian cabins in plain sight. Wolves howled and panthers screamed by night, black bears were out for berries 9in the daytime, wild deer and moose drank from brook and lake, and overhead eagles soared and built their nests in the lofty pines.” (From Summer Paradise in History.) In 1803 the Union Hotel was opened by Gideon Putman, who drafted a set of rules for the use and care of the springs, which is today preserved in its original manuscript. From that time on the growth of Sar- atoga as a watering place and health re- sort was steady and continuous, until dur- ing the middle and latter part of the last century the springs had become the most popular resort in America. During all of this period of constant growth no attempt was made at undue commercial ex- ploitation of the waters, or of the large quantities of gas that they held. The flow was utilized for the most part at the fountain heads, as a natural boon for those who would come for it. The bottling of the waters was con- ducted only on a most conservative basis, and the springs were allowed to flow only under the impulse of their own natural gas pressure. About 1900 the springs entered upon 1- \r , s\£ o • - another stage, when In The Vale Of Springs it was found that the carbonic acid gas with which the waters were charged could be profitably separated, liquified under pressure, and sold. Search was instituted for additional supplies of gas, and deep wells were bored throughout the, section. From some of the drill holes water spouted ioto a height of thirty feet above the ground, while others, which had struck gas wells, gave out large quantities of carbon dioxide gas. The water from the flowing wells was separated from the gas and wasted. When large demands for gas developed, and the lower pressure decreased the flow of the wells, deep pumping was resorted to. This affected the level and quality of all of the other springs in the neighborhood. With the inauguration of this final method of commercial exploitation, the decline of Saratoga Springs as a health and pleasure resort was marked and rapid. It continued until 1909, when the Legislature provided for the creation of a State Reservation at Saratoga Springs and made the first of a series of appropriations to provide for the purchase of the important springs and of sufficient property to insure their protection for all time. This action of the Legislature was in line with the nation- wide trend toward conservation, which was just assuming prominence in the public mind, and which is premised on the idea that the State is the logical conserver of the natural resources within its borders. In 1916 the State Reservation at Saratoga Springs was transferred to the juris- diction of the Conservation Commission. THE STATE RESERVATION The State Reservation at Saratoga Springs now comprises approxi- mately 450 acres of land, and includes 122 springs and wells. In addition the State has acquired mineral rights in other lands approximating seventy- two acres, adding 9 springs to those upon the State owned land. In accordance with the policy of the State to acquire every spring of value, the Reservation now includes practically all the naturally mineralized and naturally carbonated springs in the Saratoga region. Since the acquisition of this property, the restoration of the springs and the scenic development of the Reservation have gone forward steadily, until New York State now has a watering place which in the curative value of the waters is equal to any other in the world, and in the facilities for taking the cures is in advance of any other on the American continent. A large number of bored wells, which constituted an undue drain upon the source of supply, have either been filled in or tightly closed, and the production of gas has been reduced to a point where it no longer constitutes a drain upon the supply. The wholesale pumping of the waters, which had caused many of the springs to cease to flow, has been stopped. The result is that the springs have returned to their normal level and are now flowing under their own natural gas pressures, as nature designed them. In addition sanitary measures have been instituted which effectively prevent every sort of pollution and adulter- ation and insure the absolute purity of all of the springs. Many scattering properties are included within the State Reservation. The more important, however, are High Rock Park, Lincoln Park and12 Congress Park is the Center of Saratoga’s Summer LifeGeyser Park. High Rock Park, the smallest of the three, comprising three and one-half acres, is located within the heart of Saratoga Springs, and includes the famous High Rock Spring, the first one known to white men. About the cone of tufa, through which the spring flowed for centuries, the State has constructed a pavilion. The original land about this spring was swampy and wet, but filling operations have raised it until it is now high and dry and gives no . indication of the ancient swamp which surrounded the spot. The cone of tufa, how- ever, which stands in its original position, is correspondingly depressed below the level of the filled-in land. Accordingly one looks down into it from the sides of the pavilion. Lincoln Park, of about sixty acres, contains the famous Lincoln Springs, which deliver to the Lincoln and Saratoga bath houses water with a higher content of carbon dioxide gas than any other springs in the world. Plans for the improvement of Lincoln Park provide for a carefully laid out system of walks and drives, which will join on the east with the City streets, and on the west with the already well-developed paths and drive- ways of Geyser Park. Geyser Park, the largest of the three areas within the Park system of the State Reservation, com- prises over 375 acres. Through it are scat- tered many springs, which have been con- nected with a beau- tiful system of walks and driveways laid out in gentle grades. Through the center of Geyser Park flows Coesa Creek, and full advantage of this beautiful stream of soft, pure water has been taken in planning the land- scape effects. Forming a unit in the park system of Saratoga Springs, but owned by the City of Saratoga, rather than by the State, Old Willows Mark The Entrance To Ferndell Glen 13Ravine Spouter is Congress Park. Congress Park is one of the oldest and best known landmarks of Saratoga, but in the last few years it has been brought to a point of scenic development which the old visitors to Saratoga in its former most halcyon days could scarcely have imagined. With fountains, waterways, drives and walks, and a wonderful stand of giant trees, it forms a fit- ting setting for the old Congress Spring, bulwark of Saratoga’s reputation for nearly a century. Close by the Con- gress Spring, and facing out over the park toward the beautiful casino, is the “ Spirit of Life,” a memorial to the late Spencer Trask, the first Chairman of the Board of Commissioners of the State Reservation. The bronze figure of the “ Spirit of Life,” the work of Daniel Chester French, surmounts a pedestal of granite from which gushes a stream of living water. In one uplifted hand there is poised a bowl of the medicinal waters of the Saratoga Springs. The other hand extends a branch of pine, emblematic of the tonic and healing climate of the dry Saratoga plateau. Congress Spring itself, as well as other spring rights within Congress Park, are owned by the State. The Congress Spring is one of the finest exemplifications of the wisdom of State ownership and control, and of the policy of conservation which this has entailed. The waters of the spring, in the period of exploitation which brought about the decline of Saratoga Springs, had ceased to flow. They have now returned to their former level and are flowing abundantly in a little sunken garden to which visitors are admitted. Under the old system they were dipped from the surface of the spring and brought up on a lift to a pavilion above, so that the actual spring was never visible. HGLASSIFICATION OF THE SARATOGA WATERS Practically all of the waters of Saratoga are highly palatable, and many of them are delicious table waters. Nearly all of the most important ones may be obtained direct from the springs themselves, and long clinical observation at many watering places has demonstrated that this method has marked advantages. Provision has also been made for obtaining many of them in bottles at the State Drink Hall. Their medical use as potable waters is indicated in gastro-intestinal disorders, gout, rheu- matism, arthritis, anaemia and obesity. Some are admirably adapted for use in certain kidney disorders, in neurasthenia, intestinal fermenta- tion, certain skin diseases, and in the elimination of various poisons from the body. The Mineral Springs Supplying Drinking Waters are comprised within four principal classes: Laxative or Cathartic waters; Alkaline-Saline waters, with alkalinity predominating; Chalybeate, or Iron, waters; and Table waters. All are naturally and highly carbonated as they flow from the springs. In addition there is a non-mineralized, soft, water, which proves on analysis to be one of the purest springs anywhere known. The Saline-Laxative or Cathartic Waters include Hathorn No. 1, Hathorn No. 2, Hathorn No. 3, Coesa, Emperor and Congress No. 2: Hathorn No. 1 is the deservedly celebrated “ Hathorn Laxative,” which is alterative and tonic. Hathorn No. 2 and No. 3 have the same virtues in general, with greater mineralization and stronger cathartic qualities. Coesa resembles Hathorn No. 1, but contains much more sodium chloride, more lithia and more bicarbonates. Emperor is much less laxative and half as much saline as Coesa, and contains more bromides. Congress No. 2 is of surpassing merit as a laxative tonic, chalybeate and alterative. It is a fine flavored water, full of gas as it issues from the earth, and destined to become one of Saratoga’s most popular waters. The Alkaline-Saline Waters, those with increased alkaline content, comprise Geyser, Polaris and Minnonebe. Geyser contains more sodium bicarbonate than sodium chloride, with more iron than most of the waters, and has a low magnesium content. The Chalybeate or Iron Waters comprise Karista and Congress. Karista is a fairly strong saline, and assays a larger iron content than either of the others. The Table Waters comprise three springs. Geyser, already described, is shown to be somewhat diuretic. Minnonebe, with a larger proportion 15The Saratoga Baths, in the Heart of the City of sodium bicarbonate to total solids than any other of the waters, has a low magnesium content, a fair proportion of chloride of sodium,' and a small iron assay. Both present a valuable water for use with meals, as an appetizer and assistant to digestion. Polaris is an alkaline-saline water, high in bicarbonates and low in iron content. It is the type of water recommended by Dr. Dapper of Kissingen as a table water to cause an increase in the flow of gastric juice, to promote the appetite and aid in the process of digestion. This water shows greater radio-activity than any other of the Saratoga waters. It is naturally carbonated and can be obtained at the Drink Hall in bottles. Saratoga Ferndell Water issues from a sandy slope in Geyser Park, and overflows into a ravine to swell Ferndell Brook. Before coming to the surface, the spring flows a considerable distance through an excellent natural filter of sand and gravel. Its volume is 60 gallons a minute. It runs to the west, from the center of an area which is protected from all possibility of contamination. The spring is encased in a white marble pit surmounted by a glass dome with a pure copper frame. This water is non-mineral. Many and repeated analyses show on evaporation an aver- age of 115 parts per million of total solids, which indicates an unusually fine drinking water, approximating distilled water in its purity. 16DRINK HALL AND BOTTLING PLANTS Facilities for drinking all of the principal waters of Saratoga are pro- vided in the State Drink Hall, which adjoins Congress Park, in the heart of the city. Here the waters from springs located at a distance are served from bottles, while a multiple drinking fountain supplies the Patterson water direct from the spring. About the hall are tables and chairs to accommodate the guests. At one side of the hall the famous Hathorn No. 1 Spring bubbles out in a glass bowl, accessible on one side to those who have paid the five-cent admission to the hall itself, and on the other to the public, who have free access to it from the street. The bottling of the Saratoga waters for sale constitutes one of the im- portant activities of the Commission, and for this purpose two bottling plants are maintained upon the Reservation, both of them in Geyser Park. All the mineral waters and the soft, pure Ferndell spring water are bottled in modern and scientifically equipped plants. Here the bottles are thoroughly cleansed by means of improved machinery and sterilized with live steam. They are then filled and sealed with sterilized crowns. The entire work of washing, sterilizing and filling the bottles is subject to inspection by visitors, who have at all times access to observa- tion rooms, from which every step of the .process may be seen. The following waters are bottled and shipped to all parts of the world: Hathorn No. 2, Geyser, Polaris, Coesa, Congress No. 2 and Ferndell. VALUE OF THE MINERAL WATER BATHS Valuable as are many of the great number of springs for drinking in various diseases, far more interesting and important is the use of the highly carbonated, nonthermic waters for bathing purposes. The wealth of springs, in number and abundance of output, is probably unequalled at any one other locality in the world. The gas content, which is strik- ingly large and constant, is a most valuable constituent, and to it is due very largely the therapeutic effect from mineral water baths. It exerts a profoundly stimulating effect upon the skin and upon the sensory nerves, through these reaching not only the nerve centers, but also by radiation and reflex action the entire nervous and muscular system. Disorders of the digestive tract, gout, rheumatism, arthritis, lumbago, sciatica and other forms of neuritis, anaemia, early arterio sclerosis, alcoholism, drug addiction, exhaustion following wasting diseases or sur- gical operations, insomnia and obesity are all benefited by the use of the effervescing baths. Excellent results may be reached in reduction of over stout people or the actually obese by hydrotherapeutic treatment combined with proper diet and exercise and out of door life. 17The Woodland Vistas of Geyser Park Are Close HemmedCongress Park has been Developed to the Highest Point of Landscape Gardening Upon the heart and circulation the effervescing baths have a special action, due to the presence of large quantities of carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide gas increases the capacity of the cutaneous blood vessels, and exercises a delightful stimulating effect upon the surface nerves. The dilation of the cutaneous vessels results in the redistribution of a quantity of blood, and thus removes obstruction from the heart and other internal organs. The degree to which this effect is attained depends upon the initial amount of supersaturation of the water with the gas and upon the extent to which this is increased or decreased by variations in temperature, details which are specified by the physician in his prescription. The full benefit of these baths is obtained only when they are taken in courses, beginning with a bath of very moderate effect and leading up to those stronger. The heart muscles are thus strengthened and in many cases complete cures are effected. The course of baths, which is modeled after the Neuheim System, is given only in accordance with the individual prescriptions of the patients^ physicians, under a careful system of supervision which insures strict compliance with the physician’s requirements in each individual case. © 19The effervescing baths are very useful in restoring poise, removing nervousness and irritability, and in alleviating insomnia, as well as in building up tissue in the victims of nerve fag or neurasthenia, commonly called nervous prostration. THE STATE BATH HOUSES Three bath houses are operated by the State at Saratoga Springs, of which the oldest is the High Rock Bath House on High Rock Avenue. For many years it was run under private management, as the “ Magnetic Bath House.” Upon being taken over by the State it was found that its equipment was in such obsolete condition that water containing a proper amount of carbon dioxide gas for effective treatment could not be delivered to the tubs. This bath house has accordingly been entirely overhauled, and new plumbing has been installed, so that water from the High Rock Spring is now delivered to the tubs with a supersatura- tion of carbon dioxide gas of thirty-three per cent, which far exceeds the gas content in most of the European treatments, and places the baths available at this house upon a par or superior to any other baths than those in Saratoga. The Hall of the Casino in Congress Park 2021 Thousands are Served Daily in the State Drink HallFerndell Spring Under Its Copper Dome, and the Bottling Plant Above The Saratoga Baths, formerly called the Kayaderosseras Baths, located on Phila Street, close to the State Drink Hall, are fully equipped for giving the most carefully regulated mineral water baths, and also many other hydro-therapeutic treatments. The mineral water in the tubs is from the celebrated Lincoln Springs and is delivered by a specially de- signed system of plumbing with a supersaturation of carbon dioxide gas that gives the very highest efficacy in the diseases for which the baths are indicated. Salt rubs, alcohol rubs and massage are given at the Sar- atoga Bath House, and in addition there are Turkish Baths, Russian Baths, hot air and electric light baths, packs, douches and sprays. Neurovascular training is also available under thoroughly competent supervision. At this bath house a swimming pool, as well as the plunges, are added attractions. One of the chief merits of the Saratoga Bath House for certain types of cases is its location in close proximity to all of the hotels and boarding houses in Saratoga. The fittings are thoroughly modern and complete, and an elevator is available for taking patients from the ground floor of the building direct to the baths. At the Lincoln Bath House in Lincoln Park nearly all of the treatments given at the Saratoga Baths are administered. In addition there are two large outdoor swimming pools surrounded by dense shrubbery and green lawns, which are centers of interest throughout the entire summer season. 22Fantasy of the Sparkling WatersThe Reservation Laboratory The Lincoln Bath House, which is a remodeled structure, originally used for liquifying carbon dioxide gas, was completed in June, 1915. It contains many improvements and innovations for the administration of mineral water baths, which were designed by the Consulting Engineer of the Commission and were here tried out for the first time. The results which have since been obtained with this equipment are gratifying in the extreme. With it there is delivered to the tubs mineralized water which is more highly supersaturated with carbon dioxide gas than at any other bath house in the world. THE RESERVATION LABORATORY The laboratory of the State Reservation occupies a portion of the State Drink Hall, and here analyses of the waters and bacteriological examina- tions are regularly made. The laboratory also makes determinations of the amount of carbon dioxide gas in the waters and the degree of radio activity which they present. It also makes assays of rocks and other minerals, particularly in connection with boring operations, and is thus constantly adding a large amount of scientific knowledge to the growing fund of information regarding the springs. ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY In providing the waters of Saratoga Springs for medical use, the State assumes by no means the role of a physician. Its task is solely that of a i conservator of natural resources. The policy of the State in this respect, 24 25 Every Detail of Bottling Ferndell Water is Open to Public Inspectionas explained by Conservation Commissioner George D. Pratt before the Saratoga Springs Medical Society on May 25, 1916, is as follows: “ The waters of the Springs are good of themselves, and in many cases may be taken freely without medical direction. This is particularly true of the table waters, of which Saratoga offers a wonderful supply. When we turn to the medicinal springs, however, we are brought face to face with the incontrovertible medical fact that in a large number of diseases the greatest good from these waters can be obtained only through careful courses of treatment prescribed and carried out in accordance with the tested principles of medical therapeutics. “It is well understood by physicians that every case of disease and of lowered efficiency, such as can be benefited by the opportunities presented at Saratoga, has its own individual characteristics, and that these char- acteristics, these organic and constitutional conditions, can be accurately determined only by expert medical diagnosis. It accordingly follows that correct application of the principles of medical therapeutics to each indi- vidual case can be made only by a physician. “ Saratoga holds no cure-all. But for certain diseases and for certain functional distur- bances fostered by the pace of our modern, high pressure civil- ization, its springs do indeed run with an elixir of life, and hold as much of the power of rejuvenation as any fountain of youth yet discovered. In their more extensive development no false or extravagant claims must be made for them. They need no such exploitation. Butina thoroughly broadminded and ethical spirit the boons that they offer must be made increas- ingly available to the entire public in their pure and un- changed natural condition. “ It is now of immediate im- portance that the medical pro- fession at large, and the people of Saratoga and of the State and Nation, understand the firm resolve of the Commission, and behind the Commission, A Hydrotherapy Room at the Saratoga the State administration, Baths as vouched lor by Governor 2627Whitman, to work steadily and consistently, and above all ethically, for the higher development of this wonderful health resort. “ There has grown up in the public mind, and in the minds of some of the medical profession, an idea that the waters of Saratoga are adulter*- ated or altered in some degree. If this were true, it would be equivalent to an admission that the waters of Saratoga are either not all that is claimed for them, or else that they have been lessened in value by altera- tion or adulteration. We know, on the authority of the very highest medical opinion, that the unchanged waters of the springs, as they flow naturally from the earth, are equal, if not superior, in their medical qualities to those of any other known springs in the world. “To adulterate them is unthinkable to any rightminded person, and to alter their chemical content is quite unnecessary. The policy of the Conservation Commission will be to conserve the springs in their natural state, and to give both the baths and the waters in the same natural con- dition that they are in when they come out of the ground. If any in- dividual physician wishes to prescribe them in altered form for an individual patient, this will be entirely upon his own responsibility, and will affect no other than his own individual patient. “ The waters of Saratoga are Saratoga waters. As such they are widely and favorably known for their efficacy in the treatment of certain dis- The Outdoor Swimming Pool of the Lincoln Baths is One of the Chief Centers of Interest 28The Lincoln Bath House orders. To endeavor to identify them as to their chemical make-up with the waters of other springs is to endeavor to make them shine by reflected light. It is the belief of the Commission that they need no such illum- ination. To change their make-up artificially in order to make them more nearly conform to the chemical formulae of springs in other places, is to assert that their established reputation has been built upon no firm foundation in the past. Such a statement would be untrue. “ Saratoga offers its own gift to the world; a gift that, in the opinion of the most capable specialists, is destined to place Saratoga still farther in the lead as one of the world’s great benefactions. Believing fully in the correctness of this prophecy, the Conservation Commission is determined that Saratoga’s position shall be taken by Saratoga itself, because of the merits that it possesses, and not because of artificial or transplanted merits or reputation.” 29Vl GO a < < u 35 CTJ * > OQ 53 g g 5 * a s 6 * C/2 w 3 O H S Si 02 £ 03 oj H 5 H -W <1 *d -, +; *"2 d ■ p ► roco M "fr fO (N "3- (N fO rj-co 5 M I> Ov rt lO Tj- O oo ro h rj- rooo d .1 J°g'5SSgS'S £ g.3 c!-S.3 p p p OdwCcrtwCfid H-J 8.3 8 8|.3.3 d'i3+r0+?+?0TdTd E-p o o o o o o o < tJ Ph 02 Ck Ph tn m m 30 d C 0 iflro U ID (1) 10 0"0 CO Mf tT <1> I> O ONHOiOciHtJUUHOOOOOUlfOSHrO • • • • • • .CoCuTO • ..O 00 00 l'-OOCMOOOOOOOOl>^ O'00 O' CO R 00 00 .........................o • • 'toioohH whhh^^NooTfro g rj-o N H O 0\ w ^ M Ovr^.ri H LM-J n n in tO O J O' ro to R moo co m cm h o o Hi d o 0 uj ro H.H. ° ° % U % S 8 8 H. ° 8 *h • 1-1 • 1-1 tH -H »d M-> -H *0 ’O ^3'd'd H Oo00OOOOOra P-t CO P-i Ph 00 CO CO CO CO PQ rt R a> ; r o-h $.o i Org arfc i£ h § a rt s s § !-°8.§s a 8 2 ,2 “ « § e S,-^ ° h’ o ^ h a u t'J'S h rt y—H O rt h +> R 31 The results of the analyses are expressed in milligrams per liter. Unless otherwise stated, the waters of all the springs are at normal atmospheric temperature and pressure, supersaturated with, carbonic acid gas.Address All Inquiries to * CONSERVATION COMMISSION SARATOGA SPRINGS N. Y.