fe oie) rin Me ie Erte 1s i Coun ania sear Dane SOLS no aa Lda wa pe 5 Faby beat ie a he ee ee ary ee nour: 4 i nen her an Ra te pee earn u iil Erte cat ean i tats hae ee ae Saf) eee rl Ap eU baile eure gb eontiyy ra i cates Pata ‘ ge ay aT me i ty { vA te} Bare eal gg em eran s es RCE ao co if ona ye re Lot eons is ne aie i ea if oe Ai iis Tenens in Save ites ota a (as peered , nes a i Angles i fi i Nat a cert aisles a yy re Ate aay eave Rapieairused tris ana yee Gaon CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY “ii ONE OF A THOUSAND A SERIES OF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ONE THOUSAND REPRESENTATIVE MEN RESIDENT IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS A. D. 1888-’89 COMPILED UNDER THE EDITORIAL SUPERVISION OF JOHN C. RAND BOSTON FIRST NATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY 1890 COPYRIGHT BY JOHN C. RAND, 1890, MANUFACTURED ART-PRINTING WORKS AT THE OF MATTHEWS, NORTHRUP & CO BUFFALO, N.Y. Preface Unt y eC Py DIO oe: Mohs hake ordacecl a. 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Book lovers may be interested to know that after dili- gent search by the Publisher, all the different processes involved in making this book —type-setting, electrotyping, printing, engraving portraits, cutting dies, and binding — were found in one establishment, all under one roof, in the City of Buffalo, N. Y. He believes that this cannot be said of any book of a similar magnitude ever before published. He would also add that the superior quality of work shown in this production is largely due to the personal and intelligent co-operation of the members of the firm under whose venerous auspices ‘‘ One of a Thousand’? has been manufactured. IN THE BELIEF THAT THE LABORER IS WORTHY OF HIS HIRE, AND ALSO THAT ” PROPER CREDIT IS TOO INFREQUENTLY GIVEN WHERE JUSTLY DUE, THE AUTHOR TAKES GREAT PLEASURE IN DEDICATING THIS VOLUME TO ALL WHO HAVE BEEN IN ANY WAY ASSOCIATED IN ITS COMPILATION, OR CONNECTED WITH ITS MECHANICAL EXECUTION. BIOGRAPHIES ONE THOUSAND REPRESENTATIVE MEN MASSACHUSETTS. — jit gg ie RE ABBOT, FRANCIS ELLINGWOOD, son of Joseph Hale and Fanny (Larcom) Abbot, was born in Boston, November 6, 1836. His early education was obtained at home, and in the Boston public Latin school. Fitting for college, he entered Harvard in 1855, and was graduated with the class of 1859. He spent three years in the Harvard divinity school and Mead- ville (Pa.) Theological Seminary. It is a fitting tribute to the mother of the subject of this sketch that he has filially attributed his best education to her early training and blessed influence. Mr. Abbot was principal of the Mead- ville (Pa.) Female Seminary three years ending in June, 1863, while still studying for his profession He was ordained min- ister of the Unitarian society in Dover, N. H., August 31, 1864, and resigned April 1, 1868, to become minister of the Independent religious society in the same city. He resigned this position at the end of six months, because, in conse- quence of a famous law-suit (set forth at great length in the New Hampshire Re- ports, Vol. 53), the new society voted not to maintain its own independent position. He served as minister of the Independent society of Toledo, Ohio, from July, 1869, to March, 1873, and editor of the Toledo (afterward Boston) Index” from Janu- ary 1, 1870, to July 1, 1880. He kept a classical school for boys in New York until September, 1881, and has had since that time a “Home for Boys” in Cam- bridge, fitting pupils for Harvard College by private instruction. Mr. Abbot was married in Nashua, N. H., August 3, 1859, to Katharine Fear- ing, the daughter of David and Susanna (Sherman) Loring. Of this union are three children living: Everett Vergnies (Har- vard 1886), Edward Stanley (Harvard 1887), and Fanny Larcom Abbot. Mr Abbot received the degree of Ph. D. from Harvard University in 1881. He has published numerous articles, chiefly philosophical, in the “North American Review,” “Christian Examiner,” ‘“ Jour- nal of Speculative Philosophy,” London “ Fortnightly Review,” London “ Mind,” etc. He published “ Scientific Theism” through Little, Brown & Co., Boston, and Macmillan & Co., London, in 1885 ; three editions of this work have already ap- peared. ABBOTT, JOSIAH GARDNER, who traces his lineage back to the first settlers of thisCommonwealth, was born in Chelms- ford, Middlesex county, November 1, 1815. He is the second son of Caleb and Mercy (Fletcher) Abbott, descendants from the Puritan George Abbott, who came from Yorkshire, England, in 1630, and settled in Andover, and William Fletcher, who came from Devonshire, England, in 1640, and settled first in Concord, and finally, in 1651, in Chelmsford. After his foundation studies he was fitted for college under the instruction of Ralph Waldo Emerson. He entered Harvard at the early age of twelve, and was gradu- ated in the class of 1832. After taking his degree, he studied law with Nathaniel Wright, of Lowell, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. In 1840 he formed a part- nership with Samuel Brown, which termi- nated when he was appointed to the bench in 1855. ABBOTT. i) In 1838 Judge Abbott was married to Caroline, daughter of the Hon. Edward St. Loe and Sarah Crease (Stackpole) Liver- more, of New Hampshire. Mr. Livermore was judge of the supreme court of New Hampshire and afterwards member of Con- gress from Massachusetts. Their children are: Caroline Mercy, Edward Gardner, Henry Livermore, Fletcher Morton, Wil- liam Stackpole, Samuel Appleton Browne, Sarah Livermore, Franklin Pierce, Arthur St. Loe Livermore, Grafton St. Loe, and Holker Welch Abbott. The first, Brevet- Major Edward G. Abbott, a graduate of Harvard of 1860, raised one of the first JOSIAH G. ABBOTT. companies sworn into the volunteer service, and joined the 2d Massachusetts regiment. He was killed at the battle of Cedar Mountain. Brevet-Gen. Henry L. Abbott, a graduate of Harvard of 1860, entered the 2oth Massachusetts regiment as lieutenant. He was killed in the battle of the Wilder- ness. Capt. Fletcher M. Abbott entered the 2d Massachusetts regiment as second lieutenant, and served through the war. After the war he took a degree of M. D. from Harvard. Of these children six are living: Fletcher Morton, Samuel, a grad- uate of Harvard, Sarah, Franklin, a grad- uate of Harvard law school, Grafton, a graduate of Harvard, and Holker. ABBOTT. Judge Abbott had just reached his ma- jority when he was chosen as representative to the Legislature. In 1841 he was elected state senator. During his first term in the Senate he served as member of the rail- road and judiciary committees, and in his second term was chairman of the same. He is a Democrat, and has always been an acknowledged leader in his party. In 1844 he was a delegate to the national Democratic convention at Baltimore, which nominated James K. Polk , and he has been a delegate, either from his district or the State at large, to all but two of the national Democratic conventions since, and been chosen chairman of the delegation for the seven last conventions. He has several times been chosen the candidate of his party for United States senator. Judge Abbott was on the staff of Gov. Marcus Morton. In 1853 he wasa delegate to the Constitutional Convention, which consisted so largely of men of exceptional ability. Upon his retirement from the bench, having won an enviable reputation for judicial fairness and legal acumen, he removed to Boston, where he has since re- sided. In 1874 he was elected member of Congress from the 4th congressional dis- trict. He was chosen by his colleagues member of the Electoral Commission to determine the controverted result of the presidential election in 1876. The honor paid him was fully justified by the courage and ability shown in that trying position, From his entrance into professional life, Judge Abbott has taken and held a leading position, having probably tried as many cases as any member of the bar now liv- ing. He has great capacity for labor, and immense power of application — most im- portant qualities in the conducting of long and sharply contested jury trials. ABBOTT, WILLIAM, son of Benjamin and Mary C. (Chase) Abbott, was born in Temple, Franklin county, Maine, Novem- ber 25, 1834. His early education was obtained in the common schools in Maine till 1851, when his father moved to East Douglas, Worces- ter county, Mass., where he attended the high school. His first business connection was in the country store of Jones, Abbott & Co., East Douglas. A few years later he formed the new partnership of Metcalf & Abbott, which continued for three years, when he bought out Mr. Metcalf, and for seven years conducted the business alone, the yearly sales increasing from twenty thov- sand to one hundred thousand dollars. At ADAMS. the end of this time he retired from the store and became a dealer in real estate, manufacturer of lumber, notary public, collector and conveyancer. On the 34 of July, 1859, Mr. Abbott was married to Hannah M., daughter of Nelson and Hannah (Morse) Potter. Their children are Nellie F.and Hattie G. Abbott. In 1874 Mr. Abbott served in the House of Representatives, and in 1879 and 1880 was a member of the Senate. For nine years he was chairman of the board of selectmen, assessor and town treasurer. He is now one of the trustees of the Whit- insville Savings Bank, and one of the in- vestment committee. His present resi- dence is East Douglas. Mr. Abbott is distinctively a self-made man. When he was quite young his father lost his entire property by fire, and at the “age of sixteen he was obliged to make his own way in the world and do what he could in the way of support of the family. His energy overcame all obstacles, and he has succeeded in placing himself upon the list of successful men in Massachusetts. ADAMS, CHARLES FOLLEN, son of Ira and Mary Elizabeth (Senter) Adams, was born in Dorchester, Norfolk county, April 21,1842. He was the youngest but one of ten children, and has now five sisters and three brothers living. He received a common school education, and leaving the grammar school in Dor- chester at fifteen years of age, went as a boy into the well-known house of N. D. Whitney & Co., Boston, to learn the busi- ness. He was afterwards salesman in the same house, then went into business for himself with John D. Clapp, under the firm name of J. D. Clapp & Co. In 1872 he became a partner in the firm of Nichol- son & Adams, hair goods for ladies’ wear, and later on made a change in business to that of furnishing supplies for the five, ten and twenty-five cent counters that have had such a phenomenal run—the firm name being Newell, Adams & Co. He sold out his interest January 1, 1885, and is now doing a manufacturing and com- mission business, in addition to his journal- istic work. At the age of twenty, in August, 1862, he enlisted in the 13th regiment Massa- chusetts volunteers, and was in the battles of Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chan- cellorsville and Gettysburg — wounded in the latter and held prisoner for three days, when he was re-captured and taken to the hospitals in New York and Rhode Island. After his recovery he was detailed as ward- ADAMS. 3 master in the convalescent hospital at Washington, where he remained until his term of service expired, in August, 1864, He returned home and established the business that has since demanded his at- tention. The literary portion of his life 1s only his diversion, never interfering with his methodical business habits, CHARLES F. ADAMS. Charles Follen Adams, however, is best known from his humorous and dialectic poems, he having sprung into recogni- tion at once upon the production of his “Leedle Yawcob Strauss.” His first effort at rhyme was written in 1870, and his first dialectic verse, “‘ The Puzzled Dutchman,” appeared in 1872. From that time he was an occasional contributor to Boston papers, “Oliver Optic’s Magazine,” “Scribner's Monthly,” and others, until 1876, when ‘“‘Leedle Yawcob Strauss” appeared in the “Detroit Free Press,” since which time his poems have appeared in that paper, “Harper's Magazine,” and other publica- tions. The house of Lee & Shepard published Mr. Adams’s first volume of poems, entitled ‘‘ Leedle Yawcob Strauss, and Other Poems.” His second volume, entitled ‘Dialect Ballads,” was published by Harper & Brothers, New York (1887), being a companion to the former volume. Mr. Adams was married in Boston, 4 ADAMS. October 11, 1870, to Hattie Louise, daugh- ter of James and Emily Dorcas (Snell) Mills. Of this union are two children: Charles Mills and Ella Paige Adams. ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS, second son of Charles Francis and Abigail Brown (Brooks) Adams, was born in Boston, May 27, 1835. He entered Harvard College in 1852, and graduated in 1856. Choosing the law for his profession, he entered, as a student, the office of Richard H. Dana, Jr., of Bos- ton. He was admitted to the bar May 7, 1858. In February, 1860, he was admitted to practice at the bar of the United States Supreme Court. The same year he resigned his military commission which he held as adjutant of the 2d regiment, M. V. M., with rank of lieutenant. Later, he took a trip through the West in company with Sen- ator Seward, during which he contributed to the New York papers several articles upon the political prospects of that region. In December, 1861, he was commis- sioned as first lieutenant in the 1st Mas- sachusetts cavalry, and received his com- mission as captain in October, 1862. He participated in all the actions of his com- mand, and was on every march during the war. In January, 1864, the company which he commanded —company D— re-enlisted as a company, and came home on a furlough under his command. They were publicly received in Boston, January 23, with an escort, and were welcomed in Faneuil Hall with speeches from the gov- ernor and other representative men. He was finally mustered out of the service July, 1865, with the brevet rank of briga- dier-general of volunteers. He has since devoted his attention chiefly to railroad matters. In 1869 he was appointed a member of the board of railroad commissioners, and performed con- spicuous service for ten consecutive years, the last two, '78 and '79, serving as chair- man of the board. His reports attracted much attention, not only in the state but throughout the country, and he speedily became recognized as authority on matters relating to construction, maintenance, and management of railway lines. In 1871, in connection with his brother Henry, an author, he published “ Chapters of Erie and other Essays.” In 1882 he was elected a member of the board of overseers of Harvard College, and in 1884 was chosen president of the Union Pacific Railway, since which time he has given undivided attention to the management of this important trunk line; and while in ADAMS. some quarters it has been severely criti- cised, yet the general verdict has been that the trust has been executed with rare fidel- ity, unquestioned integrity, and with re- markable success. The Adams family has long been con- spicuously influential, not only in state but in national affairs, From the time when Henry Adams received a grant of land in Braintree in 1636, and came over from Devonshire, England, with his eight sons to enter upon his possessions, there has not been a weak link in the brilliant chain of illustrious and remarkable men— men who have left their impress for good upon legis- lation, upon diplomacy, upon all that has tended to give character and strength to our cherished institutions. Mr. Adams was married in Newport, R.1I., Nov. 8, 1865, to Mary, daughter of E. and C. Ogden. Their children are: Mary, Louisa C., Elizabeth, John and Henry Adams. ADAMS, CHARLES R., son of Charles and Eliza Ann Adams, was born in Charles- town, Middlesex county, February ro, 183. CHARLES R, ADAMS. His early education was received at the grammar school, Charlestown, and at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham. He early developed musical talents, and his first teacher of vocal music was Mr. Edwin Bruce of Boston, then after- ADAMS. wards Mme. Arnoult, and for a number of years his voice was frequently heard in the concert halls of Boston and vicinity. During several years he sustained the tenor roles in the oratorio performance of the Handel and Haydn Society, to the satisfaction of the public, upon which his hold became very strong. Having chosen music as his profession, Mr. Adams studied and traveled with Prof. Mulder, formerly one of the profes- sors of the Royal Opera, Paris, and ac- companied him to Europe. Prior to sail- ing for Europe they gave a series of con- certs through the United States, which were very successful, the tour extending to Canada; and from St. John they sailed for Barbadoes, West Indies, giving con- certs at all the islands. Mr. Adams after- wards went to London and Amsterdam, meeting at the latter place Professor Mulder, who had preceded him thither, and with him went on a concert tour through Holland, receiving at that time from Vien- na an invitation to sing at the Austrian capital, in“‘Sonnambula”’ with Mlle. Artot. After learning the opera in three days, he made his first appearance in Vienna, which was a great success. Subsequently, through the influence of his instructor, Barbiere, he secured an engagement at the Imperial Opera House in Berlin. After a tour in Russia, he returned to Vienna and accepted a three years’ en- gagement at Pesth, for the German Opera. He appeared at the Imperial Opera House in Berlin for three consecutive years, and the following nine years was the leading tenor at the Hofoper, in Vienna. During this time he sang in opera two seasons at the Covent Garden, London, one season at the Scala, Milan, and one at the Royal Opera, Madrid, as well as at the principal opera houses in Germany. He returned to America in 1877, appearing throughout the United States in German and Italian Opera. A few years ago he settled in Boston as a teacher of vocal music, in which he has been eminently successful, standing high in the estimation of the profession and the public—a position he has merited by years of conscientious study. ADAMS, GEORGE A., son of Gardner and Eunice R. (Darling) Adams, was born in Springfield, Hampden county, April 3, 1850. His early education was received in the public schools of Franklin, and in the private high school at Walpole. He fitted for college in Dean Academy, Frank- ADAMS. 5 lin, and entered Tufts in the class of 1873, but was unable to complete the course on account of a severe accident received in college. He taught school two years under Prof. L. L. Burrington, Goddard Seminary, Barre, Vt. ; studied law and was admitted to the bar, May 8, 1873, at Dedham, Norfolk county; began practice of law in Attleborough, July 25, 1873, where he has continued in legal practice until the present time. Mr. Adams was married in Franklin, November 30, 1871, to Clara I., daughter of Horace M. and Sarah M. (Cole) Gowen. GEORGE A. ADAMS. Of this union were two children: May 5. and Charles G. Adams. Mr. Adams is past noble grand, If. O. O. F.; member of the Knights of Pythias and Royal Arcanum, and rst lieutenant, company I, sth regiment Massachusetts volunteer militia. He has been seven years a member of the school board, a portion of that time chairman, resigning his position on the board in 1880, He was a member of the House of Representatives in 1884 and ’85 ; serving on the committee on probate and insolvency in 1884; chairman of the House committee on labor, and clerk of the judiciary committee in 1885. He ts 6 ADAMS. at present one of the board of selectmen of Attleborough, and chairman of the board of health. He is also chairman of the prudential committee of the fire district. In 1872 he cast his first vote for U. S. Grant, and has ever since been identified with the Republican party. ADAMS, GEORGE ZACCHEUS, son of Charles and Nancy (Robbins) Adams, was born at Chelmsford, Middlesex county, April 23, 1833. Previous to the age of fourteen he was educated in the public schools of his native town, when he went for one year to the academy at Westford. At the age of six- teen he went to Phillips Academy, An- dover, where he remained three years, and at which institution he was prepared for college. Graduating from Phillips Acad- emy in 1852, he entered Harvard, where he graduated in 1856, and then came to Boston and entered the office of Mr. Oliver Stevens, the present district attorney. After remaining there one year he entered the Harvard law school, where he re- mained one year, and then returned to Mr. Stevens's office for three years, and then opened an office of his own in Boston, where he has practiced ever since. He was married September 16, 1861, to Joanna F., daughter of Charles and Joan F. (Hagar) Davenport. They have three children: Georgie F., Walter D. and Charles Z. Adams. In July, 1882, Mr. Adams was appointed by Governor Long special justice of the municipal court of the city of Boston, and has since been tendered a permanent seat upon the bench of said court, which he declined. Mr. Adams has refused all offices of a political nature, preferring to devote the whole of his time and energy to his pro- fession. ADAMS, JOHN GREGORY BISHOP, son of Isaac and Margaret Adams, was born in Groveland, Essex county, Octo- ber 6, 1841. He obtained a common school educa- tion, and spent the greater part of his boy- hood and youth in that locality. In the early summer of 1861 he enlisted in Major Ben: Perley Poore’s rifle battalion, which later became the nucleus of the 19th Massachusetts regiment. He served through the war, rising to the rank of captain. He participated in every march, and was engaged in every battle of the army of the Potomac in which his regiment took part. At Fredericksburg ADAMS. he saved the colors of his regiment from capture, after eight color bearers had been killed. He was twice severely wounded in the second day’s fight at Gettysburg, and while in the advanced lines before Petersburg, on the 22d of June, 1864, he was captured with his regiment, and for nine months suffered the miseries of a southern prison pen. After the war he was for some years foreman in the factory of B. F. Doak & Co., but on account of failing health re- signed that position to enter the inspec- tor’s office in the Boston Custom House. He remained there fifteen months, when JOHN G. B. ADAMS. he was appointed postmaster at Lynn, which office he held eight years. On the establishment of the reformatory prizson at Concord, he was appointed deputy superintendent, and in 1885 was made sergeant-at-arms for the Commonwealth, which important position he now holds. Captain Adams was the first recruit mustered into Post 5, G. A. R. He was three times chosen commander, and was one year department commander of Mas- sachusetts. He has been for eleven years president of the Association of Survivors of Rebel Prisons, and is president of the board of trustees of the Soldiers’ Home. He has been connected with numerous ADAMS. local enterprises, having been one of the incorporators of the Lynn Hospital, Lynn Electric Light Company, and of the Thomson-Houston Electric Light Com- pany. Captain Adams was married in Boston, April 5, 1866, to Mary E., daughter of Benjamin E. and Almira Dodge. Of this union were two children, both deceased. ADAMS, MARSHALL L., son of John and Abigail (Sampson ) Adams, was born in Provincetown, Barnstable county, De- cember 4, 1842. His early educational work was done in the Provincetown schools until 1856. He attended Paul Wing’s Academy, Sandwich, and subsequently Frost Academy, Fram- ingham, and was graduated from the Cot- ting Academy, Arlington, Mr. Adams was first connected in busi- ness with Fairbanks, Adams & Co., Boston, ship brokers. Later on he was with O. D. Witherell, coal dealer, Boston, and with John P. Squire & Co., pork dealers, Boston. From 1865 to 1879 he was a grocer and ice dealer in Provincetown. He is at the present time engaged in town business, having always been active in all public matters that pertained to the growth and development of his native place. He was elected selectman, assessor, overseer of the poor, 1880, and has held the office up to date. He was elected county treas- urer November, 1886, and was appointed immigrant agent for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1885. He is disbursing agent for Shaw Asylum for Mariners’ Children, and regent of the Mayflower Council, Royal Arcanum. He was chairman of the building com- mittee of the new town hall, which was dedicated August 25, 1886, and in 1889 was appointed chairman of the committee on water supply for Provincetown. January 23, 1863, at Boston, Mr. Adams was married to Mary A., daughter of Wil- liam and Elizabeth Moore. He has one son: John Adams. ADAMS, WILLIAM T., son of Laban and Catharine ( Johnson ) Adams, was born in Medway, Norfolk county, July 30, 1822. He was educated in the public and pri- vate schools of Boston and vicinity, and when a mere lad displayed a talent for writing, his first article being published in the “ Social Monitor.” For three years Mr. Adams was the master of the ‘‘ Lower Road” school in Dor- chester. In 1846 he resigned his position to assist his father and brother in the man- AGASSIZ. 7 agement of the Adams House, Boston. Mr. Adams resumed teaching in 1848, in the Boylston school, Boston, becoming the master in 1860, and on the establishment of the Bowditch school, he was transferred and held the post of master of that school till he resigned in 1865. He then went abroad and traveled throughout Europe, dating his career as an author from this period. Mr. Adams’s nom de plume, “ Oliver Optic,” originated from his having written a poem in 1851 which was published under the heading of “A Poem delivered before the Mutual Admiration Society, by Oliver Optic, M. D.” The name “ Optic” was suggested by a character in a drama at the Boston Museum, called “Dr. Optic.” To this Mr. Adams prefixed “ Oliver,” with no thought of ever using it again. But soon after two essays appeared in the ‘Waverley Magazine,” by ‘Oliver Optic,” which were so well received that he con- tinued to write under this pseudonym until it became impracticable to abandon it. His books, numbering over a hundred volumes, are widely and deservedly known. Mr. Adams was married October 7, 1846, to Sarah, daughter of Edward and Martha (Reed) Jenkins. Mrs. Adams died in 1885. heir children are: Alice Marie, wife of Sol. Smith Russell, and Emma Louise, wife of George W. White, a mem- ber of the Suffolk bar. Mrs. White died in 1884. In 1867, Mr. Adams was unanimously elected a member of the school com- mittee of Dorchester. He served until the town was annexed to Boston, and was elected a member of the Boston school committee and served for ten years. In 1869 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives and served one year, and declined a re-nomination. In 1870, he went to Europe a second time, and three times recently, traveling through the countries not previously visit- ed, and the books which he has since pub- lished show the result of his observa- tions. AGASSIZ, ALEXANDER, son of Louis and Cécile (Braun) Agassiz, was born in Neufchatel, Switzerland, December 17, 1835. ys His early educational training was re- ceived in the gymnasium of his native place. He came to this country in 1549, after his father, the celebrated naturalist, and entering Harvard College, was grad- uated therefrom in the class of 1855. He inherited the tastes of his father, and 8 AIKEN, pursued his studies in the Lawrence scien- tific school (Harvard) during the years 1857 to ‘61 inclusive. In 1859 he was engaged with the United States Coast Survey ; in 1861 he was made assistant in the Zodlogical Museum, Cam- bridge, and became director of this insti- tution in 1874. He was superintendent of the Calumet and Hecla Mining Com- pany, 1866 to 1869. He was treasurer till 1871, when he was made its president, which position he still holds. Professor Agassiz was married at Jamaica Plain, November 13, 1860, to Anna, daugh- ter of George Robert and Sarah P. (Shaw) Russell. Of this union were three chil- dren: George R., Maximilian and Ru- dolph L. Agassiz. Professor Agassiz has been overseer of Harvard College, and is now fellow of this institution. AIKEN, DAVID, son of Phinehas and Elisabeth (Patterson) .\iken, was born at Bedford, Hillsborough county, N. H., June 7, 1804. His early education was obtained in acommon district school and at Pem- broke Academy, under Mr. John Vose, and at Phillips Academy, Andover, under Mr. John Adams. He entered Dartmouth Col- lege, where he was graduated in 1830. He then studied law with Wells & Alvord at Greenfield, Mass., and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1833; was judge of the court of common pleas from 1856 to ’59. He has been the law partner of Henry Chapman, George Grennell, Davis & Al- len, Chester C. Conant, and W. S. B. Hop- kins, afterwards with Charles E. Forbes of Northampton. He is now partner with his son, John A. Aiken, but retired from active practice when the State sold its interest in the Troy & Greenfield and Hoosac Tunnel Railroad—he having acted as legal adviser to its manager up to that time, in behalf of the Commonwealth. He was senator from Franklin county in 1874. From the promotion of Judge Wells in 1844 to the present day, with the excep- tion of the period he himself was on the bench, Judge Aiken has been the acknowl- edged leader of the county bar, He was married in October, 1844, to Lydia W., daughter of Col. Spencer and Lydia (Bardwell) Root, who died in Novem- ber, 1846, without issue. His second wife was Mary Elizabeth, daughter of John 5. and Mary Hawley Adams, of Amherst, to whom he was married in November, 1848, and who died October 28, 1855. His sur- viving children are: John Adams, Eliza- ALDEN. beth P., and Harriet L. Aiken. Two younger sons, Edward and David, de- ceased. ALDEN, EDMUND KIMBALL, son of Dr. Ebenezer and Anne (Kimball) Alden, was born in Randolph, Norfolk county, April 11, 1825. He is a lineal descendant in the eighth generation, by two family lines, of “John” and “ Priscilla” of Mayflower fame. After attending the Randolph Academy, he entered Amherst College, where he graduated in 1844; was then a teacher in the Williston Seminary, at Easthampton, fora year, and graduated from the Andover Theological Seminary in 1848, continuing his studies there for a few months as Abbott resident. From 1850 to 1854 Mr. Alden was pastor of the First Church of Yarmouth, Maine ; was pastor of the Congregational church at Lenox, from 1854 to 1859; and then became pastor of Phillips Church, Boston, so continuing till 1876. He received from his alma mater, in 1866, the honorary degree of D. D. Mr. Alden was married April 25, 1850, to Maria, daughter of Deacon Gershom and Sarah (Hyde) Hyde, of Bath, Me. He was a trustee for fourteen years of Phillips Academy and the Andover Theo- logical Seminary, resigning this trust in 1881; he has also been a trustee of Amherst College since 1873; he is at present corresponding secretary, home department, of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, hav- ing held the office for thirteen years. ALDEN, LEWIS, son of Lewis and Abi- gail (Belcher) Alden, was born in East Randolph, Norfolk county, April 29, 1848. He received a common and high school education. Between the ages of seventeen and twenty-one he worked in the shoe factory of L. F. Wilde & Co. Later, for nearly five years, he worked for Rufus Gibbs & Co., boot and shoe jobbing house, Boston — most of the time in charge of their factory at South Weymouth. He established himself in business in Hol- brook, 1878, entering his present factory (boots and shoes) 1885. Mr. Alden was married in Saugus, June, 1874, to Harriet S. Hammond. Of this union is one child: Mabel Frances Alden. Mr Alden is trustee of the Holbrook public library. He was largely instru- mental in founding the Holbrook Metho- dist church, and has been for ten years superintendent of the Sunday-school. He ALDRICH. is always alive and active in promoting the temperance cause. He is a director in the Holbrook Co-operative Bank, a charter member of the Knights of Honor, having passed through every grade of office. ALDRICH, JAMES MOTT, son of Arnold and Dollee Lang Aldrich, was born in Smithfield, Providence county, R. I., Octo- ber 30, 1817. He attended the common schools and the academy at Union Village. He studied medicine in the office of Dr. J. A. Brown, Providence, R. I., Harvard medical school, and in the Botanic Medi- cal College, Cincinnati, Ohio; and com- menced regular practice in Fall River in 1843, in which city he has ever since lived. Dr. Aldrich was married in Dedham, May 24, 1844, to Mary A. Allen, who died in 1857. He was again married, Septem- ber 23, 1862, to Louisa G., the daughter of Hon. Nathaniel B. and Sarah (Gray) Borden, of Fall River. They have two chil- dren: Mary L. and Nathaniel B. Aldrich. From 1846 to 47 he was editor of the “Medical Enquirer.” He has been for many years president of the Children’s Home; was a member of the school board fifteen years; and is president of the Bar- nard Manufacturing Company. Dr. Aldrich was a strong abolitionist, and has been a life-long advocate of total abstinence from all intoxicants; was a member of the Society of Friends, but left them when their New England yearly meeting forbade the opening of their meet- ing-houses for anti-slavery gatherings. He has been connected with the Unitarian society since 1871. ALDRICH, P. EMORY, was born in New Salem, Franklin county. His ances- tors came from England in 1635, residing at first in Dorchester and Braintree, and afterwards settling in Mendon, Worcester county. . After obtaining his early education at the public schools, he fitted for college at the Shelburne Falls Academy, and in pri- vate study mastered a collegiate education. He studied law while engaged in teaching at the South, and later attended the Harvard law school. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar in Richmond, Va., but the following year returned to Massachu- setts, and after studying for six months with Chapman, Ashmun & Norton, in Springfield, he was admitted to practice in the courts of the State. He began practice in Barre, where he remained for seven years, for three years editing the “ Barre Patriot.” He was sent ALDRICH, 9 as a delegate to the Convention of 1853 for the revision of the state constitution, and the same year Governor Clifford ap- pointed him district attorney for the mid- dle district, which office he held till 1866, Removing to Worcester in 1854, he became a partner of Hon. P. C. Bacon. In 1862 he was elected mayor of Worcester, declin- ing a re-election. He was sent as a repre- sentative to the Legislature in 1866-67, and for three years after its organization he was a member of the state board of health, In the cause of temperance and educa- tion he has ever taken a lively interest. He has been an active member of the American Antiquarian Society, and one of its council. He has also been a valued member of the board of trustees of the Worcester County Free Institution of In- dustrial Science. In 1850 Mr. Aldrich married Sarah, daughter of Harding P. Wood, of Barre. ALDRICH, SAMUEL NELSON, son of Sylvanus Bucklin and Lucy Jane (Stod- dard) Aldrich, was born in Upton, Worces- ter county, February 3, 1838, His education was conducted at the Worcester and Southington, Conn., acad- emies, and at Brown University, Provi- dence, R. I. Subsequently he taught schools at Upton, Holliston and Worces- ter, Mass. He entered upon the study of law with Hon. Isaac Davis and E. B. Stoddard, at Worcester, and completed the same at the Harvard law school. In 1863 Mr. Aldrich was admitted to the bar, and then com- menced practice at Marlborough. Since 1874 he has kept an office in Boston, though retaining his residence in Marl- borough and living in Boston during the winter. In the public affairs of Marlborough Mr. Aldrich has been prominent ; was for nine years on the school committee, was four years on the board of selectmen, officiating as chairman of both; has been a director of the People’s National Bank at Marlborough; president of the Marl- borough Board of Trade; president of the Framingham & Lowell Railroad (now a portion of the Old Colony system), and president of the Central Massachusetts Railroad. In 1879 Mr. Aldrich was elected to the state senate, where he served as chairman of the committee on taxation, and as a member of the committee on bills in the third reading, and on constitutional amend- ments. In 1880 he was again a member 10 ALDRICH. of the state senate, serving on the judiciary committee. In 1883 he was a member of the House, and served on the judiciary committee, In 1880 he was the Democratic candi- date for Congress from the 7th Massa- chusetts district. In March, 1887, Mr. Aldrich was appointed by President Cleve- land, the assistant treasurer of the United States at Boston, which position he yet holds. Besides this, he is a member of the Suffolk bar, is in the practice of his pro- fession, and is still president of the Cen- tral Massachusetts Railroad. Mr. Aldrich married, in 1865, at Upton, Mary J, daughter of J. T and Eliza A. (Colburn) Macfarland. They have a son: Harry M. Aldrich, now in Harvard. ALDRICH, THOMAS BAILEY, son of Elias T. and Sara (Bailey) Aldrich, was born in Portsmouth, Rockingham county, N. H., November 11, 1836. He received his early education at the common schools in New Orleans, La, THOMAS B, ALDRICH. and at the Temple grammar school in Portsmouth. He commenced a course of study preparatory to entering college, but having the misfortune, in his fifteenth year, to lose his father, he abandoned that pur- pose, and entered the counting-room of an uncle, a merchant in New York. Here ALGER. he remained for three years, and it was during that period that he began to con- tribute verses to the New York journals. A collection of his poems was published in 1855, the volume taking its name from the initial poem, ‘The Bells.” Mr. Aldrich’s most successful poem, “ Babie Bell,” which was published in 1856, was copied and repeated all over the coun- try. His next position was that of proof- reader, and then reader for a publishing house. He became a frequent contributor to the New York “Evening Mirror,” “Putnam’s Magazine,’ “The Knicker- bocker,” and the weekly newspapers, for one of which he wrote “ Daisy’s Necklace and What Came of It,” a prose poem which was afterwards issued in a volume, and attained a wide popularity. In 1856 Mr. Aldrich joined the staff of the “Home Journal,’ continuing in this position for three years. He was also connected with the “Saturday Press,” and a frequent contributor to “ Harper’s Monthly,” and the “Atlantic Monthly,” of which latter magazine he has for some years been the editor. Mr. Aldrich was married in New York, November 28, 1865. In 1866 he removed to Boston, where he has since resided. The following may be mentioned among Mr. Aldrich’s best-known writings: “The Story of a Bad Boy,’ “ Marjorie Daw and Other Stories,” ‘‘ Prudence Palfrey,” “ The Queen of Sheba,” “The Stillwater Trag- edy,” ‘“ Poems,” ‘ From Ponkapog to Pesth,” “Cloth of Gold and Other Poems,” “Flower and Thorn,” ‘“Babie Bell,” “NNXVI Lyrics and XII Sonnets,” “Friar Jerome’s Beautiful Book and Other Poems,” ‘“ Mercedes and Later Lyrics,” and “The Story of a Cat,” translated from the French. ALGER, ALPHEUS B., son of Edwin A, and Amanda (Buswell) Alger, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, Octo- ber 8, 1854. His early education was accomplished at the public schools of his native place. In the Lowell high school he fitted for college, and was graduated at Harvard with the class of 1875. The same year he entered the Harvard law school, and a year later continued the study of the law in the office of the Hon. Josiah G. Abbott of Boston. He was admitted to the bar in 1877, and began the practice of law in connection with his father’s firm, Brown & Alger, in the city of Boston, with his residence in Cambridge. ALGER. Mr. Alger has been actively identified with the Democratic party in politics. He has held the positions of chairman and secretary of the Democratic city committee of Cambridge. He is also a member of the congressional district committee. In 1884 he was chosen alder- man, and acted on the committees on claims, police, ordinances, and a new bridge to Boston. In 1886 and ’87 he was a member of the Senate, serving as chairman on the committee on engrossed bills and mercantile affairs, and as member of the committees of public service, expe- diting legislative business, judiciary, bills in the third reading, rules and liquor law. He was also a member of the State committee sent to the Centennial Exhi- bition at Philadelphia. He is secretary and treasurer of the Bay State Club, a member of the Middlesex County Demo- cratic Club, and of the Newetowne and Central clubs of Cambridge. He is a popular Mason, being a member of the Amicable F. & A. M., Cambridge chap- ter, and also of the Boston Commandery. He has held the different offices in the St. Omer Lodge of Knights of Pythias, and Pomonah Tribe of the Improved Order of Red Men. ALGER, WILLIAM ROUNSEVILLE, son of Nahum and Catherine Sampson (Rounse- ville) Alger, was born in Freetown, Bristol county, December 28, 1822. He attended the common schools from the age of four to ten, then began to work fora livelihood ; he worked five years in a cotton mill at Hookset, N. H., studied attentively in all available hours, educating himself in the various branches of an aca- demic course. He attended an academy in Pembroke, N. H., two years, and one year at Lebanon, N. H. He entered the divinity school of Harvard University in 1844, and was graduated in the class of 1847. He was pastor of the Unitarian church in Roxbury, from 1847 to 1855 ; then settled in Boston until 1873; then four years minister of Church of the Messiah in New York City. He is now engaged in preach- ing, lecturing and literary work. _ Mr. Alger was married in Roxbury, in September, 1847, to Anne Langdon, daughter of Giles and Abigail Harris (Langdon) Lodge. Of this union were seven children: Henry Lodge, Abby Lang- don, Caroline Rounseville, Arthur Marti- neau, William Ellerton, Philip Rounseville and Anne Langdon. He has held many offices and deliv- ered many addresses in Masonic bodies, ALLEN, II and lectured for twenty-five years very extensively through the country before lyceumsand literary societies. When chap- lain of the Massachusetts House of Repre- sentatives in 1863, the prayers he offered were so much appreciated, that the speaker, Hon. Harvey Jewell, had them taken down by a stenographer, and the members had them published in a volume enti- tled “Legislative Prayers,” which passed through several editions. He gave the annual election sermon before the Legislature in 1863. He gave the Boston Fourth of July ora- tion in 1857, which created a sensation by its bold treatment of the slavery ques- tion. The city government refused the usual vote of thanks and request for publication. Seven years later, when the prophecies of the orator had been fulfilled, the city government gave him a unanimous vote of thanks and ordered the oration printed. He has published, besides a multitude of articles in reviews, and occasional dis- courses, the following books: ‘Symbolic History of the Cross of Christ”; “ The Poetry of the Orient,” a volume of trans- lations from the Persian, Arabic and San- scrit tongues (four editions); “lhe Genius of Solitude” (eleven editions); “The Friendship of Women” (eleven editions) ; “A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life’ (fourteen editions) ; “The Life of Edwin Forrest, the American Tragedian, with a History of the Dramaiic Art ’—two royal octavo volumes. He is now preparing for publication a work in two vol- umes entitled, “The Greatness of Human Nature and the Glory of Human Life.” ALLEN, ALEXANDER VIETS GRISWOLD, the son of Rev. Ethan and Lydia Child (Burr) Allen, was born in Otis, Berkshire county, May 4, 1841. His early education was received in the public schools of Nantucket. He entered Kenyon College, Ohio, 1859, and was grad- uated therefrom 1862. He began his theological studies in the Theological Seminary at Gambier, Ohio, and pursued them later on in Andover Theological Seminary, graduating therefrom 1865. Mr. Allen was ordained deacon in 1865 and priest in 1866, He became rector of St. John’s Church, Lawrence, the same year, this church having been established by him as a mission in 1865. In 1867 he was called to the profes- sorship of ecclesiastical history in the Episcopal theological school, Cambridge, where he has since remained. 12 ALLEN. Professor Allen was married in Cam- bridge, 1872, to Elizabeth Kent, daughter of Rev. Dr. John S. and Mary (Kent) Stone. Of this union are two children: Henry Van Dyke and John Stone Allen. Professor Allen is the author of Prince- ton Review Articles, 1882, entitled “ Re- naissance of Theology in the Nineteenth Century,” ‘The Continuity of Christian Thought, a Study of Modern Theology in the Light of its History,” 1884 (Hough- ton, Mifflin & Co.), and “ Life of Jonathan Edwards,” 1889 (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). He received the degree of D. D. from Kenyon College, 1878, and from Harvard College, 1886. He was elected a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1886. ALLEN, CHARLES, son of Sylvester and Harriet (Ripley) Allen, was born in Greenfield, Franklin county, April 17, 1827. He was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1847. He was admitted to the bar in 1850. He practiced law in Greenfield until 1862, and then moved to Boston. He was appointed by Governor John D. Long justice of the supreme judicial court, which position he now holds. Judge Allen was reporter of decisions of the supreme judicial court from 1861 to 1867. He was attorney-general of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1867 to 1872. In 1880 he was appointed one of the commissioners to revise the general statutes. Judge Allen was never married. ALLEN, CHARLES H., son of Zenas and Caroline (Randall) .\llen, was born in Boston, June 14, 1828. He received his early educational train- ing in the public schools of Boston. He began his business life as youngest boy in a dry-goods jobbing store. Subse- quently he became book-keeper for Fran- cis Skinner & Co., commission merchants engaged in selling cotton and woolen fabrics for manufacturers; afterward a member of the firm of Leland, Allen & Bates in the same business. He is now president of the Central National Bank of Boston, also of the Home Savings Bank. Mr. Allen was married in New Ipswich, N. H., July 2, 1849, to Caroline F.,daugh- ter of George and Caroline ( Muzzey ) San- ders. Of this union are two children: Charles F. and Francis 5. Allen. Mr. Allen was a member of the Mercan- tile Library Association and a member of its government from 1846 to 1853, being , elected its president in 1851 ; member of ALLEN. the common council of Boston 1867-’68, the last year acting asits president ; mem- ber of the Cochituate water board of Boston 1869 to 1872, serving as presi- dent of the board 1871 and ’72; member of the House of Representatives 1878 and S80 ; member of the state Senate 1881 and ‘82; member of the board of aldermen of Boston 1885-’88; elected as chair- man of the board in 1886 and again in 1888. From 1855 to 1860 Mr. Allen was an active member and lieutenant of the famous Boston Light Infantry. Mr. Allen has filled a _ well-rounded career of official life, and has honorably earned the respite he now claims from such responsibilities. In all public emer- gencies, however, he is ever ready with wise counsel and practical support to lend his friendly aid, and the public have come to look to him with others as fitting repre- sentatives of their sympathy and natural almoners of their bounty. ALLEN, CHARLES HERBERT, son of Otis and Louisa (Bixby) Allen, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, April 15, 1848. He was educated in the public schools of his native city; prepared for college, CHARLES H. ALLEN. entered Amherst, from which he was gradu- ated in the class of 1869, receiving his -\. M. in course in 1872. ALLEN. His first connection with commercial life was in the lumber business, in which he has ever since been engaged, under the firm name of Otis Allen & Son. Mr. Allen was married in Manchester, N. H, Nov. 10, 1870, to Harriet C., daughter of James and Sarah B. (Chase) Dean. Of this union were two children: Bertha and Louise Allen. Mr. Allen is a member of the Masonic order; has been a member of the Lowell school board ; was amember of the House of Representatives in 1881 and ’82, serv- ing in the two years on the committee on railroads, rules and orders, and bills in the third reading (chairman); he was a member of the state senate in 1883, serv- ing on the committee on prisons (chair- man) and street railways; he was elected to the national Congress in 1884, and re- elected in 1886. In 1888 he declined a re-nomination. In the forty-ninth Congress Mr. Allen served on the committee on Indian affairs; in the fiftieth Congress served on com- mittee on post-office and post roads — an important committee having at its disposal sixty millions of money. He was the only member from New England on this com- mittee. It is unfortunate that the demands of private business should deprive the Com- monwealth of the public services of Mr. Allen. Gifted by nature with an address and disposition calculated to engender and retain friendship, qualified by training in college and social life to perform intelli- gent public service, blessed with an instinct to seek and pursue only honorable methods, he is a loss to the State when he refuses to accept the honors which his fellow-citizens would be only too glad to continue to be- stow upon their popular representative. ALLEN, FRANK DEWEY, son of Charles Francis and Olive Ely (Dewey) Allen, was born in Worcester, August 16, 1850. He was educated in the Worcester high school; was graduated from Yale in the class of 1873, and from the Boston Univer- sity law school in 1875 ; was managing clerk in the offices of Hillard, Hyde & Dickinson, Boston, remaining with them until 1878, when he was admitted to the Suffolk county bar. Upon severing his connection with Hillard, Hyde & Dickinson, he opened an office for himself in Boston, where he has ever since been located as attorney and counselor-at-law. Mr. Allen was married in Lynn, Janu- ary 9, 1878, to Lucy, daughter of Trevett ALLEN. 13 M. and Eliza (Munroe) Rhodes. have no children. In 1884 Mr. Allen organized the Massa- chusetts Temperance Home for Inebriates, which is located at Lynn. He was made its president, which position he still holds. He served one year as clerk of the Wash- ington Street Baptist church, Lynn, when he resigned from pressure of other duties. He was elected from Lyrn to the House of Representatives in 1881 and ’82, serving on the judiciary committee and acting as its clerk, also on the committee on the removal of Judge Day, the congressional They FRANK D. ALLEN. re-districting committee, and the commit- tee on banks and banking. He served on the Republican state central committee from the rst Essex senatorial district for the years 1884, '85 and ‘86, and was on the executive com- mittee of the same; was member of the governor’s Council, 1886, 87 and 88. Mr. Allen is well known throughout the Commonwealth as a leader in the Republi- can party. He has always been a firm believer in the “young Republican” ele- ment. His political sagacity and judg- ment are held in high esteem by men who are to-day authority in a political cam- paign. He is an able speaker, and has been often called to deliver Memorial Day ad- 14 ALLEN. dresses, as well as being appointed to stump during state and national cam- paigns. In behalf of the Plymouth Woolen Company he argued in favor of the con- stitutionality of the “act permitting mu- nicipal officers to authorize manufacturers to ring bells and use whistles and gongs for the benefit of their workmen.” As counsel for the Lancaster Bank, he succeeded in recovering the securities stolen from its vaults. He organized the Lynn Electric Lighting Company under the Thomson-Houston patents, and is still one of its directors. ALLEN, FREDERICK SLOCUM, son of Holden and Mary Devoll (Slocum) Allen, was born in Westport, Bristol county, December 25, 1837. His early educational advantages were limited to the district schools of Fairhaven. Before he was quite seventeen years of age, he shipped on a whaling voyage to the Arctic Ocean, and sailed from New Bedford, November 3, 1856, in the ship “Saratoga’”’— Frederick Slocum, master. He was connected with the whaling busi- ness some three years and a half. This business he left in 1860. As his father held a commission as pilot for the ports of Buzzard’s Bay, he then assisted him in that business as boat-keeper for about ten years, as also previous to his whaling voyage, some five years. He then spent considerable time and money in improv- ing windlasses. Several models were on exhibition at the National Museum at Washington. For several years he has been quite actively engaged in town affairs, and for fourteen years he has held a commission as justice of the peace. He has given special attention to the saving of life from shipwreck, and in 1887, at the Interna- tional Maritime Exposition at Havre, France, he was awarded a silver medal for a reversible life-boat. Mr. Allen was married in Martha's Vineyard, November, 1860, to Florencia Cc. Austin. They have one son: Frederick Allen. His residence is Cuttyhunk Island, Dukes County. ALLEN, HORACE G., son of Stephen M. Allen, was born at Jamaica Plain (Boston), July 27, 1855. His preparatory studies were pursued in the common schools. He was gradu- ated LL.B. from the Harvard law school in 1876; then became associated with Nathan Morse, Boston. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1877. Later, he ALLEN. became law partner with Mr. Morse, under the firm name of Morse & Allen, with whom he still remains in practice of the law. Mr. Allen was married in Brunswick, Me, April 28, 1881, to Grace D., daughter of Gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain. Mr. Allen isa member of the Boston Art Club, Boston Athletic Association, and Cur- tis Club. In 5888 and ’89 he was elected HORACE G. ALLEN a member of the Boston common coun- cil, and in the latter year, after a protracted contest, was chosen president of that body, January 11th. In this responsible position he has displayed marked ability, and has already acquired a reputation for tact and fairness greatly to his credit. His resi- dence is in Roxbury. ALLEN, JOSEPH HENRY, was born August 21, 1820, in Northborough, Wor- cester county, where his father (Joseph, born in Medfield, 1790, on the old home- stead at Castle Hill, occupied since 1649 and still by the Allen family) was settled as minister of the town in 1816, and remain- ed pastor of the First Parish till his death in 1873. His mother (Lucy Clark, born in Hingham, 1791, died1866) was daughter of Prof. Henry Ware of Harvard University (1805-1845). He is seventh in descent, by the maternal line, of a series of Massa- chusetts Congregational ministers, includ- ALLEN. ing Thomas Clark, Chelmsford; John Hancock, Lexington; Nicholas Bowes, Bedford ; Jonas Clark, Lexington; Henry Ware, Hingham; Joseph Allen, Northbor- ough. The Allen family has been remark- able for the number of teachers and preachers born to the blood. The early education of the subject of our sketch was received in district schools and country occupations until the age of thirteen. He entered Harvard College at sixteen, having had little or no regular preparatory instruction, and was graduated in 1840, third in his class—the first rank being held by Prof. John B. Henck, the JOSEPH H. ALLEN. second by Judge George P. Sanger. Graduating from the Harvard divinity school in 1843, he was settled as minister of the Third parish in Roxbury (Jamaica Plain), 1843, in Washington, D. C., 1847, and in Bangor, Me., 1850. Leaving Ban- gor in 1857, he was till 1863 engaged in private instruction at Jamaica Plain, then till 1866 in a parish charge in North- borough; since 1867 he has resided at Cambridge. ; He was for twelve years (until its dis- continuance at the end of 1869) connected with the “Christian Examiner ”’ as literary editor, editor-in-chief, and joint proprie- tor; then for eight years engaged in pri- ALLEN. 15 vate tuition, and in editing the “ Allen & Greenough Classical Series” (Ginn & Co., Boston). In 1877 and ’78 he had charge of the Unitarian church at Ann Arbor, Mich., and was then appointed lecturer on ecclesiastical history in Harvard Univer- sity, which post he held till 1882. In 1883 and ’84 he was engaged in profes- sional work in Ithaca, N. Y., spent part of 1885. in California, and has since 1887 been editor of the ‘ Unitarian Review” (George H. Ellis, Boston), He was, in August, 1881, delegate of the American and of the British and Foreign Unitarian Associations, at the session of the supreme consistory of the Unitarian churches of Hungary, held in Kolozsvar (Klausenburg), ‘Transylvania. Besides various fugitive addresses and reviews, including a series of articles on national questions written for the ‘“ Chris- tian Examiner” during the civil war, his published volumes are: ‘Ten Discourses on Orthodoxy” (1849, second edition, 1889), ‘Memorial of Hiram Withington” (1849), “The Great Controversy of States and People” (1851), ‘Hebrew Men and Times, from the Patriarchs to the Messiah” (1861, second edition, with critical intro- duction, 1879, Roberts Brothers), “ Frag- ments of Christian History to the Found- ing of the Holy Roman Empire” (1880), “Our Liberal Movement in Theology”’ (1882), “ Christian History in Its Three Great Periods" (3 volumes, 1883), ‘ Out- line of Christian History, A. D. 50-1880" (1884), and the “Allen & Greenough Classical Series.” Prof. Allen was married in May, 1845, to Anna Minot Weld, a descendant of Thomas Welde, first minister of Roxbury, and sister of the late Hon. Stephen M. Weld. Of this union are five children: Richard Minot (Ames, Neb.), Gardner Weld (M. 1., Boston), Russell Carpenter (El Cajon, So. California), Lucy Clark (Mrs. Charles S. Gage), and Mary Ware. ALLEN, MONTRESSOR TYLER, son of George W. and Mary L. ( Tyler} Allen, was born in Woburn, Middlesex county, May 20, 1844. ; His education embraced the instruction and training of public schools, Warren Academy, private tutors, a special course ‘+n Boston University, and a full legal course in the Boston University law school, having been graduated from the latter institution in the class of 1878. From 1867 to 1870 Mr. Allen was en- gaged in mercantile work at Woburn. Previous to this, he had seen a short term 16 ALLEN. of service in the 5th Massachusetts regi- ment, 1864. Upon being admitted to the bar in 1879, he opened an office in Boston, where he is at present engaged in practice, still retaining his residence in Woburn MONTRESSOR T. ALLEN. Mr. Allen was married in Boston, in June, 1865, to Julia Frances, daughter of Johnand Ruth ( Magoun ) Peasley. They have no children, Mr. Allen was a member of the House of Representatives 1888—’89, serving the former year on the House committee on finance, the joint committee on expendi- tures, and in the latter as chairman of the House committee on railroads, perform- ing conspicuous service in the support and successful passage of the many im- portant measures reported by that com- mittee. He is a member of Mt. Horeb lodge of Masons, Woburn, and has served on the local board of registrars of voters for five years. ALLEN, NATHANIEL TOPLIFF, son of Ellis and Lucy (Lane) Allen, was born in Medfield, Norfolk county, Sept. 29, 1823. His native homestead farm has been owned and tilled by seven generations of Allens, noted for longevity, sterling common-sense, and rugged worth; and there, during his ALLEN. boyhood, the subject of this sketch fol- lowed the pursuits of his ancestors, and laid the foundation of a vigorous con- stitution, Three years of his minority were spent in a Waltham cotton mill, where he acquired a knowledge of textile manu- facture ; he also received a good common- school education in the public schools, a family school kept by Rev. Joseph Allen at Northborough, and Northfield Aca- demy. Having chosen to become a teacher, hc continued his studies in the Bridgewater state normal school, and Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute at Troy, N.Y. He after- wards taught in the various public schools of Mansfield, Northborough, Northfield and Shrewsbury, until the spring of 1848, when he was appointed by Horace Mann, of the state board of education, to take charge of the model department of the normal school at West Newton. This position he filled with marked ability for nearly six years, when he established in connection with Rev. Cyrus Pierce, NATHANIEL T. ALLEN. father of American normal schools, the institution of which he is now principal —the West Newton English and classical school. Mr. Allen has been one of the most pro- gressive and successful educators of the ALLEN. last half-century, always advocating the liberal and thorough education of both sexes, and ready to introduce into his own school whatever proved to be sound in theory and useful in practice. ‘This school, with its industrial department at the home- stead in Medfield, draws students from a wide region — the last enrollment showing boys and girls from seventeen of the United States, from Cuba, Buenos Ayres, Spain and Italy. During a busy life in the class-room, Mr. Allen has held many other positions of responsibility and trust ; he has been pres- ident of the board of direction of Pomroy Newton Home for Orphans and Destitute Girls ever. since it was founded, sixteen years ago; he was trustee of the Boston College of Physicians and Surgeons, and a member of the committee of examination in natural science at Harvard. In 1869 Mr. Allen went abroad, and spent about two years in studying the school systems of England, Scotland, Ire- land, France, Italy, Austria, and, in par- ticular, what is now included in the German Empire. This he did under the authority of the United States government, having been appointed an agent of the commis- sioner of public education, by Hon. Henry Barnard. The results of his observations of the secondary schools, gymnasia, real- and volks-schulen of Prussia, Saxony, and Nassau are preserved in a valuable report published and distributed by order of the secretary of the interior. Mr. Allen was married March 30, 1853, to Caroline Swift, daughter of James Nye and Rebecca (Freeman) Bassett, of Nan- tucket ; and of their children, Fanny Bas- sett, Sarah Caroline, and Lucy Ellis are living ; Nathaniel Topliff, their son, died in 1865. Mr. Allen was a Garrisonian abolitionist, and an officer of the society when in those days it cost something to be identi- fied with men of their belief. He was many times mobbed in their company, and naturally became an early member of the Free Soil party. He is at present a director in the American Peace Society, and president of the Newton Woman’s Suffrage Association. ALLEN, RICHARD BEMAN, son of John and May (Eagan) Allen, was born in Tewks- bury, Middlesex county, January 25, 1851. He was educated in the common schools of Tewksbury and the Lowell Business College. He began business as clerk in a grocery store; remained in the business three years, and then learned a trade — ALLEN. 17 watchmaker and jeweler; was a member of the firm of Cluin & Allen for three years ; sold out, and became a member of the firm of Allen Brothers. Mr. Allen was married in Lowell, October 14, 1884, to Annie, daughter of Peter and Bridget Angulin Sheehan. Of this union are three children: Mary, Julia, and Ger- trude Allen. Mr. Allen is a member of the board of trustees of Ancient Order of Foresters; Y. M. C. L. A. ; vice-justice Order Iron Hall; member of the Middlesex Mechanic Association, and of the Democratic city committee ; was member of the Lowell common council 1887 and 1888, and was a member of the House of Representatives in 1889, serving on committee on public charitable institutions. Mr. Allen, while not desiring publicity, has many times been honored by his fellow citizens by their endorsement at the polls ; and to his quiet but effectual work is due, in a great measure, much of the success of his party in the “Spindle City.” He is a firm believer in clear and honorable methods of political work, and has the respect of all classes, regardless of their party affiliations. ALLEN, STILLMAN BOYD, son of Hor- ace ©. and Elizabeth Allen, was born September 8, 1830, at Waterborough, York county, Maine. He received his education in the acad- emies at North Yarmouth, Kennebunk and Alfred, Maine. In September, 1853, he was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in Maine until May, 1861, when he removed to Boston, and two years later became associated with the Hon. John D. Long, who subsequently retired from the firm upon his election as governor of the State. He is now the senior member of the law firm of Allen, Long & Hemen- way (Governor Long since his retirement from congressional life having resumed his former relations). Mr. Allen has been largely engaged in jury trials, and has the reputation of winning for his clients the largest verdicts against railroads and other corporations ever rendered in this country. Mr. Allen was married at Kittery, Maine, September 7, 1854, to Harriet 5., daughter of Joseph and Mary Seaward. Their children are: Willis Boyd Allen, who was a partner in his father’s firm. for six years and has since been engaged in hter- ary pursuits, and Marion Boyd Allen. In 1876-'77 Mr. Allen represented the city of Boston in the House of Represen- tatives, serving the first year upon the 18 ALLEN. judiciary committee. The following year he was chairman of the committee on probate and chancery. In 1877 he con- ducted an examination, made by the Leg- islature into alleged abuses existing in the state reform school, which resulted in an entire change in the management of that institution. For three years Mr. Allen was president of the Mercantile Library Association of Boston. He is prominent in Odd Fellow- ship and Masonry. He is still engaged in a most successful practice of the law, where he has attained and earned distinc- tion among the foremost men of the pro- fession in the State. ALLEN, THOMAS, son of Thomas and Anne C., (Russell) Allen, was born October 19, 1849, at St. Louis, Mo. He was educated at the high school, Pittsfield, Mass., at the Williston Seminary, Easthampton, and then entered the Wash- ington University, St. Louis, Mo., after which he studied art at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, at Diisseldorf, Germany, where he graduated from the master class in 1878, and afterward studied three years in France. He first exhibited his work in New York, at the National Academy of Design, in 1877, and has been represented in the National Academy at almost every exhi- bition since then. In 1882, and several times since, he exhibited pictures at the Paris Salon. He returned to this country in 1882, and in 1884 was made an associate of the National Academy of Design. In 1880 he was elected a member of the Society of American Artists. His specialty is land- scape and animal painting. After nearly ten years of foreign study, he opened his studio in the Pelham Studio on Boylston Street, Boston ; not finding it sufficiently commodious, however, and meeting with marked success as a painter, he purchased a house on Commonwealth Avenue, in 1883, for a permanent home, and there built a large studio at the top of the house which he now occupies. Mr. Allen was first married in 1880, in Northampton, to Eleanor G., daughter of Prof. J. D. and Louisa (Goddard) Whitney of Cambridge, who left him one child: Eleanor Whitney Allen. In 1884, in Boston, Mr. Allen married Alice, daughter of Hon. Ambrose A. and Maria ( Fletcher) Ranney, of Boston. Their only child is Thomas Allen, Jr. Mr. Allen is president of the Paint and Clay Club, vice-president of the Boston ALLEY. Art Club, patron of the Metropolitan Museum, N. Y., and a member of the permanent committee of the School of Drawing and Painting at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. He is a great grandson of the Rev. Thomas Allen, the first minister in Pitts- field, who is known as the “fighting parson,’ and grand nephew of the Rev. William Allen of Northampton, author of “Allen’s Biographical Dictionary.” His father, who died at Washington, D. C., while representing in Congress the 2d district of Missouri, had a national repu- tation as a scholar and statesman, finan- cier and philanthropist. ALLEN, WILLIAM, son of William Allen, was born at Brunswick, Cumberland county, Maine, March 31, 1822. He isa grandson of the Rev. Thomas Allen, the “fighting parson” of the noted Berkshire militia, who performed such conspicuous service under General Stark of Revolution- ary fame. His father was a clergyman of Pittsfield, a scholar of eminence, and at one time president of Bowdoin College. After obtaining his preliminary edu- cation at the public schools, Mr. Allen fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, and at the North Yarmouth Academy, in Maine, and entered Bowdoin College in 1834. After a few months spent at Bowdoin he went to Amherst, where he graduated in 1842. He began the study of law at the Yale law school, continuing it later at Northampton, where he was ad- mitted to the bar in 1845, and where he has since resided. In 1880 Mr. Allen was made associate justice of the superior court, which high office he now holds, abundantly justifying the judicious selection of Governor Long, to whom he was indebted for the ele- vation. ALLEY, JOHN B., son of John and Mercy (Buffum) Alley, was born in Lynn, January 7,1817. He belongs to one of the oldest Essex county families, and is de- scended from Hugh Alley, who, with his brother John, settled in Lynn in 1634. He received his education in the public schools of his native town, and at the age of fourteen was apprenticed to a shoe manufacturer, and at nineteen received the gift of his time. Soon after the close of his apprenticeship he went to Cincinnati and there purchased a flat-boat, which he loaded with merchandise and carried to New Orleans, and the success of this en- terprise laid the foundation of his fortune. AMES. At the age of twenty-one he returned to Lynn and began the manufacture of shoes. In five years, at the age of twenty-six, he was the owner of one of the largest enter- prises in a city full of active, shrewd men with whom he had entered on a race for wealth. In 1847 he established a house in Boston for the sale of hides and leather. At various times he has been the senior partner in the firm of Alley, Choate & Cummings, the firm of John B. Alley & Co., and later in the firm of Alley Brothers & Place, in which the two sons of Mr. Al- ley and Mr. Place were the partners. In 1886 this last firm was dissolved, and after a business career of forty-eight years Mr. Alley retired. After his retirement, Mr. Alley went on a European tour, taking the first vacation in a life of seventy years. In his earlier years, before the birth of what was called the Free Soil party in 1848, he was at- tached to the Liberty party, having inher- ited anti-slavery sentiments from his father (a member of the Society of Friends), and this sentiment never abated until, by the proclamation of President Lincoln, the slaves were made free. In 1857, during the administration of Governor Boutwell, he was one of the exe- cutive council. In 1852 he was in the state Senate, serving as chairman of the committee on railroads. In 1853 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention, and for several years was an active and influential member of the Republican state central committee In 1858 he was chosen representative to Congress, serving four terms, during two of which he performed the duties of chairman of the committee on post-office and post-roads. His services in Congress covered the whole period of the war. Since his retirement he has been en- gaged with others in large railroad enter- prises in the West and South, and is largely connected with land property in New Mex- ico. He was married at Lynn, September 15, 1841, to Hannah M., daughter of William and Hannah (Breed) Rhodes. Their chil- dren are: Emma R., Mary F., John 5. and William H. Alley. AMES, FRANK M., son of Oakes and Eveline (Gilmore) Ames, was born in North Easton, Bristol county, August 14, 1833. He was educated at Leicester and An- dover academies. Upon leaving school he entered into the employ of the well- known firm of Oliver Ames & Sons, where he remained several years, and became practically acquainted not only with the AMES, 19 mechanical part of manufacturing shovels, but also with the details of an extensive business. In 1858 he removed to Canton to take control of the business of the Kinsley Iron & Machine Company. At the present time he is one of the chief owners in that corporation. He is also president of the Lamson Consolidated Store Service Com- pany. He has, in addition to other business, been largely interested in railroads, and was for several years sole trustee and man- ager of the New Orleans, Mobile & Texas Railroad. He also owns and manages a large plantation of about twelve thousand acres, on the Mississippi River, directly opposite the city of New Orleans, where he has each year from thirteen hundred to fifteen hundred acres of land cultivated with sugar-cane, and a large area with rice, while the remaining portion is used for grazing purposes. He has been active in public life. He was sergeant-major and quartermaster of the 2d battalion infantry, which after- wards became the 4th regiment, of which he was also major. In 1869, and again in 1882, he was elected by his fellow-towns- men of Canton—where he still retains his legal residence—as representative to the General Court, where he served on the committee on railroads. In 1884 he was elected to the Senate, and served on the committee on drainage and on manufac- tures, and was chairman of the special com- mittee on metropolitan police for the city of Boston. In 1884 he was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chicago. AMES, OLIVER, son of Oakes and Eveline (Gilmore) Ames, was born in Easton, Bristol county, February 4, 1831. He passed the usual public school course of his native town, and prepared for col- lege in the academies at No. Attleborough and Leicester. His college course —a special one — was taken at Brown Univer- sity, Providence, R. I. He began business life as an employee in the shovel works of Oliver Ames & Sons, He afterwards went on the road as traveling agent for the firm, of which he soon became an active partner. While engaged in the never-ceasing round of cares that are incident to the carrying on of immense manufacturing establishments, Oliver Ames has always found time in which to serve his fellow- citizens in public matters, whether state, county, municipal or social. 20 AMES. He has been twelve years a member of the Easton school board; two years in the state Senate (1880 and ’81); four years lieutenant-governor (1883 to ‘86), and governor of the Commonwealth three years, 1887, ’88, and ’89. Governor Ames has served in the Massa- chusetts volunteer militia as 2d lieuten- ant, adjutant, major and lieutenant-colonel. He has been for many years president and director of various railroad, manufactur- ing and mining corporations and banking institutions. He is actively connected with a number of benevolent societies and has a membership in many social and po- litical clubs. OLIVER AMES. Governor Ames was married in Nan- tucket, March i4, 1860, to Anna Coffin, daughter of Obed and Anna W. Ray, and adopted daughter of William Hadwen of Nantucket. Of this union are six chil- dren : William Hadwen, Evelyn, Anna Lee, Susan Evelyn, Lilian and Oakes Ames. Governor Ames’s summer residence is at North Easton. In winter he resides in Boston, dispensing royal hospitality at his palatial residence on Commonwealth Avenue. Massachusetts is indeed fortunate in the possession of a long, unbroken line of chief magistrates, all conspicuous to a ANDREW. greater or less degree for ability, rare exe- cutive management, polite culture, and all, fortunately for her fame, men of unblem- ished personal integrity. Governor Ames has worthily maintained the high prestige enjoyed by his predecessors, and has by his judicious appointments, unfailing ur- banity and faithful attention to the details of his office, proved the wisdom of the great body of his fellow-citizens who have insisted upon his retaining so long the position he has so signally honored, both at home and in other cities where he has been called upon to repre- sent the dignity and character of the Old Bay State. ANDREW, JOHN FORRESTER, the son of Hon. John A. Andrew, the illustrious “War Governor” of Massachusetts, was born in Hingham, Plymouth county, No- vember 26, 1850. His earlier studies were pursued in the Boston public schools. His college life was passed at Harvard, graduating in 1872, and again from the law school in 1875. He was admitted to the Suffolk county bar the same year, and has since practiced law in Boston. Mr. Andrew is noted for his active work in all benevolent institutions, holding the offices of president of the Massachusetts Infant Asylum, president of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, president of the Home for Aged Colored Women, and trustee of the Asylum for Feeble-minded Youth. He isan active member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society. He has been repeatedly called to legis- lative work, having been elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1880, 1881 and 1882, serving on the judiciary and other committees; member of the committee on the revision of the stat- utes in 1882. He was elected to the State Senate in 1884 by the Republican party; and in 1885 was re-elected to the same ofhce by the Democrats, where he served on the judiciary committee, and committee on street railways. : He was delegate to the national Repub- lican convention of 1884; but in the heated political campaign of the same year he went on the stump in support of the Democratic ticket, and was president of the Young Men's Independent Club of the city of Boston. In 1886 he was Democratic candidate for governor of Massachusetts, receiving 112,883 votes, his opponent having 122,346. He was for three years commissioner of parks for the ANGELL. city of Boston, having been first appointed in 1885. In 1889 Mr. Andrew was elected to Congress from the 3d Massachusetts dis- trict, on the Democratic ticket. The vote stood John F. Andrew, Democrat, 16,338 ; Alanson W. Beard, Republican, 14,780; Henry W. Shugg, Prohibitionist, 283. Mr, Andrew was married in Boston, October 11, 1883, to Harriet, daughter of JOHN F. ANDREW. Nathaniel and Cornelia (Van Rensselaer) Thayer. Their children are: Cornelia Thayer and Elizabeth Andrew. ANGELL, GEORGE THORNDIKE, son of Rev. George and Rebekah Angell, was born at Southbridge, Worcester county, June 5, 1823. His early education was received in various schools of Massachusetts, Vermont and New Hampshire. He entered Brown University in 1842, removing to Dart- mouth College 1843, graduating in 1846. After graduating he taught school in Boston, and at the same time studied law with Hon. Richard Fletcher, judge of the Massachusetts supreme court. Subse- quently he studied in the offices of Hon. Charles G. Loring, Boston, and at Harvard University law school. He was admitted to the Boston bar in 1851, and formed a Partnership with Hon. Samuel E. Sewall, ANGELL. or Boston, which lasted thirteen years, at the end of which time he became senior part- ner of the firm of Angell & Jennisong Boston, continuing in this relation several yeats. _ In 1864, two years before the founding in America of any society for the preven- tion of cruelty to animals, he gave by will a large portion of his property to be used after his death in carrying humane educa- tion into schools and Sunday-schools. In 1868, with the aid of others, he founded the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the second incorporated society of its kind in America. He drew its act of incorpor- ation and constitution and the state laws under which it acts, and was elected its first president, which office he has held for over twenty years. In the same year he started and edited “Our Dumb Animals,” the first paper of its kind in the world, and printed two hundred thousand copies of its first number. In 1869 he visited England, induced the Royal Society there to start a paper similar to his own, and with the aid of the Baroness Burdett-Coutts, to establish the Ladies’ Humane Educational Committee, of which she is president, and which has done a vast educational work in Great Britain. He also visited the continental societies, and was the only American rep- resentative at the World’s Congress in Zurich, Switzerland, 1869. In the fall of 1870 he went to Chicago, and spent nearly six months founding the Illinois Humane Society. Since 1870 he has devoted to this work most of his time, and much money, giving addresses before legislatures, universities, colleges, schools, conventions of teachers and clergy, union meetings of churches, etc., and personally helping establish humane societies as far south as New Orleans, and as far west as Dakota. In 1874 he was elected a director of the American Social Science Association, and from that time to 1881 gave much atten- tion to the labor question, and the growth and prevention of crime — particularly crimes against public health in the sale of poisonous and adulterated foods and other articles. He succeeded in 1881 in obtain- ing a congressional report on this subject, embodying a vast amount of evidence he had gathered, and caused over a hundred thousand copies of it to be distributed in this country and Europe. In 1882, with another gentleman, he founded “The Parent American Band of 22 ANGELL. Mercy,” of which he has since been presi- dent, and from which have been formed nearly seven thousand branches in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere, numbering about half a million mem- bers. In the winter of 1885~’86, during sixty- one days, he addressed the large public schools of Boston on kindness to animals. Millions of copies of his various writings have been distributed in this country, Great Britain, and elsewhere, and trans- lated into other European languages. The paper “Our Dumb Animals,” which he still edits, goes monthly to from five to GEORGE T. ANGELL. twelve thousand editors in this country and British America, and to humane societies over the world. In 1889 he founded ‘The American Humane Educa- tion Society,” the first society of its kind in the world, and procured from the Massachusetts Legislature an act of incorporation, giving it power to hold half a million dollars free from taxation. To this society he gave property valued at several thousand dollars, and was elected its first president. Mr. Angell, though not a rich man, has invariably refused all pecuniary compensation. He was married at Lynn, November 7, 1872, to Mrs. Eliza A. Martin, daughter ASPINWALL. of Warren and Lucy A. Mattoon of North- field. They have no children. ARNOLD, WILLIAM F., son of Alfred and Bethiah ( Alden) Arnold, was born in Enfield, Hampshire county, September 20, 1815. ae drew his education from the public schools, and one year’s attendance at a select school. He began his business career by engaging in mercantile pursuits in Williamsburg in 1834, remaining until 1836. He then removed to Enfield, 1837, and from Enfield to Northampton, 1839, where he carried on the same business un- til 1881. He is at present city auditor of Northampton. Mr. Arnold was married in Williams- burg, May 8, 1839, to Florella, daughter of Jonathan and Betsey (Warren) Warner. Of this union are three children: Jonathan Warner, Mary Gertrude and Charlotte Al- den Arnold. Mr. Arnold has held commissions in the militia as adjutant, lieutenant and captain ; and justice of the peace, clerk of the town of Northampton seventeen years, member of the Legislature from the 1st Hamp- shire district, 1858, 1859, 1868, 1870, 1871, and 1872; a member of the school board six years. In 1859 he was a member of the committee selected by the House of Representatives for revising the public statutes of the Commonwealth, ASPINWALL, WILLIAM, was born in London, England, February 16, 1819. He was the only son of Col. Thomas Aspin- wall, who was United States Consul at London from 1815 to 1853, when he was removed by President Pierce to make room for his political supporter, George N. Sand- ers, afterwards a noted secessionist. His grandfather was Dr. William Aspinwall, of Brookline, a noted patriot who took a part with the Brookline minute men in attack- ing the British troops on their retreat from Concord, April 19, 1775. Mr. Aspinwall is a direct descendant of Peter Aspinwall of Toxteth Park, near Liverpool, England, who came to America. in 1630, settled in Dorchester, but removed to Muddy River (Brookline) in 1650, and built in 1660 the old house which still stands on Aspinwall Avenue, opposite St. Paul's Church. Mr. Aspinwall was educated in a private boarding-school at Hammersmith, near London, till he was fourteen years of age. He then came to America with his father and family. He entered Harvard College in August, 1834, and was graduated in ASPINWALL. 1838. He studied law two years at Cam- bridge under Professors Joseph Story and Simon Greenleaf, and received the degree of LL.B. in 1840. He studied one year in the office of Franklin Dexter and George W. Phillips, and was admitted to the bar in 1841. From that time to the present he has been engaged in his profession. In January, 1848, Mr. Aspinwall married Arixene Southgate, third daughter of Richard King Porter of Portland, Maine, a nephew of Rufus King, United States senator from Massachusetts, afterwards from New York, and minister to the Court of St. James. He has three children WM. ASPINWALL. living: a daughter, now the wife of Dr. W. B. Trull, and two sons, Thomas and William Henry Aspinwall, both doing busi- ness in Boston. Since 1847 Mr. Aspinwall has been a legal resident of Brookline. He has always taken an active part in the affairs of the town, as well as in state and national pol- itics. Beginning his political life as a Whig, he became in 1852 a member of the Whig state central committee, and in 1855 and 1856 was its chairman. Mr. Aspinwall has been repeatedly called by his town to fill the various municipal offices. He was town clerk from 1850 to 1852. He represented the town in the ATKINSON, 23 House of Representatives 1851 and 1852, and in the Constitutional Convention of 1853. He was senator from Norfolk County in 1854, and trial justice for Brook- line from 1857 to 1860, when he resigned. He has held the offices of selectman, assessor, water commissioner, and trustee of the public library. Of the latter board he is now chairman. Mr. Aspinwall was an ardent supporter of the government during the civil war, and called the first meeting in Brookline to aid in its vigorous prosecution. He served two years on the military commit- tee of the town, and was at the same time secretary of the Massachusetts Rifle Club, at whose headquarters in Boylston Hall many officers were educated and several regiments were recruited and drilled. The Whig party having ceased to exist, Mr. Aspinwall from 1861 to the present time has acted with the Democratic party, and has stood high in its councils. He has been many years a member of the state committee, and from 1872 to the election of Governor Gaston, was chairman. He re- signed his membership in 1888. He has received the nomination of his party for Congress, and was nominated for presi- dential elector by the Democrats of the gth congressional district in 1888. Mr. Aspinwall has brought to all the positions which he has been called to fill, a highly disciplined and well furnished mind. In public debate few men are his equal in the clear, accurate and forcible presentation of a subject, nor can he be excelled in the adroitness and power with which he convinces, and frequently even compels active support from, his opponents. He is a genial host, and pre-eminently a gentleman of the old school, a man of genuine and distinguished ability. ATKINSON, EDWARD, son of Amos and Anna Greenleaf (Sawyer) Atkinson, was born in Brookline, Norfolk county, February 10, 1827. He received his education in private schools. August 8, 1842, he entered the commission house of Read & Chadwick, Boston, as a boy, remaining there five years, where he received an excellent old- time training, such as obtained before the day of porters and janitors, in every line of work, from that of building fires and sweeping lofts, and packing goods, to con- fidential clerk. In 1848 Mr. Atkinson became clerk and subsequently treasurer of various manufacturing companies, 1 which occupation he remained until saTTs He was subsequently made president of 24 ATWOOD. the Boston Manufacturers’ Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which position he still holds. October 4, 1855, at Brookline, Mr. Atkin- son married Mary (., daughter of Charles and Caroline (Penniman) Heath. He has seven children living. In 1887 he was appointed by President Cleveland special commissioner to report upon the status of bi-metallism in Europe. He was one of the founders of the New England Emigrant Aid Society, one of the founders and is now director of the Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology. He is an honorary member of the Phi Beta Kappa (Harvard University), member of the American Academy of Arts and Sci- ences, fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, member and corresponding secretary of the Ameri- can Statistical Association, member of the International Statistical Institute, Cobden Club of Great Britain, the Unitarian Club of Boston, etc. He has received the degvee of LL. D. from the University of South Carolina and Ph. D. from Dartmouth. Mr. Atkinson has been a prolific writer on economic questions, and is an ardent advocate of a currency based wholly on bullion of full value, dollar for dollar; he holds that the most effective method of protecting and promoting home industry, is to remove all obstructions to commerce with other nations which the necessity of the country for a customs revenue will per- mit. He holds that the highest-priced labor is the cheapest, because most effec- tive. He is not afraid of the so-called pauper labor of Europe, but agrees with Daniel Webster that there are a consider- able number of undesirable kinds of work that we cannot afford to take up ourselves, when the so-called pauper laborers of Europe can be so readily hired to do them. ATWOOD, HARRISON HENRY, son of Peter Clark and Helen M. (Aldrich) .At- wood, was born in North Londonderry, Windham county, Vt., August 26, 1863. The public schools of Charlestown and the Phillips school, Boston, gave him his school-day training. He first started to earn a livelihood in the office of Godfrey Morse and John R. Bullard, counselors-at- law, He afterward studied architecture and served four years in the office of S. J. F. Thayer, working a year and a half in the office of George A. Clough, after he had left the city architect’s office. He has practiced his profession in Boston about seven years. Mr. Atwood has served three years, 1887, ‘88, 89, as member of the House of ATWOOD. Representatives, being appointed to the committees on state house, liquor law, mer- cantile affairs and cities. In May of the latter year he qualified as architect for the city of Boston, a position to which he had been appointed by Mayor Hart. He was first alternate delegate from the 4th congres- sional district to the national Republican convention at Chicago, 1888. He is a member of the Masonic frater- nity, also of the I. O. O. F. He has been a member of the Republican ward and city committee of Boston for five years, serving as secretary three years, and has been two years a member of the Republican state central committee. He is unmarried. ATWOOD, SIMEON, son of Simeon and Ruth Atwood, was born in Wellfleet, Barnstable county, July 27, 1825. at SIMEON ATWOOD. He obtained his education in the com- mon schools of those days. Leaving school, he followed the sea for a time. In 1850 he began his business life in the stove and hardware trade, Wellfleet. In 1852 he was with Knowles, Dyer & Co., grocers, his father being one of the firm. In 1864 the company was dissolved, and he carried on the business, taking his brother, E. T. Atwood, into the firm. These relations continued till 1877, when he sold his interest to his brother In 1882 he again bought AVERY. out the business, taking in his son-in-law, William H. Tubman, the firm name being Simeon Atwood & Co., the present title. Mr. Atwood was married in Wellfleet, December 5, 1848, to Mercy Waterman, daughter of Joseph and Abigail Higgins. Of this union was one child, Mary Steele Atwood (now Mrs. Tubman.) In 1860 he was member of the House of Representatives, serving on the committee on valuation. In 1861 he was appointed deputy collector of the port of Wellfleet, serving until December 1, 1877. He was one of the charter members of the Wellfleet Savings Bank, organized in 1863, and treasurer till 1870. He has since been director, and its president since 1887. He is director in the Barnstable Mutual Fire Insurance Company, having been chosen in 1862; also director in the Wellfleet Marine Insurance Company. He has held a commission as justice of the peace since 1882. He is a deacon and clerk of the First Congregational church. AVERY, WINSLOW W., son of Ebe- nezer and Rosamond (Spaulding) Avery, was born in Montpelier, Washington coun- ty, Vt., April 22, 1836. The district school and Washington County (Vt.) Academy gave him his early educational training. He began life as a page and reporter's attendant in the Vermont Legislature, carrying copy to the printers of the “ Legislative Journal,” and distributing daily papers to members ; afterwards served seven years’ apprentice- ship in the printing business, in the office of the “Vermont Watchman,” Montpelier, Vt. In 1861 he was promoted to the Management of that establishment, and during the trying period of the war, and in the absence in Congress of the proprie- tor of the paper, Mr. Avery discharged his arduous duties with fidelity and acknowledged ability. In January, 1866, he removed to Plym- outh, purchased the weekly newspaper, “The Old Colony Sentinel,’’ which he suc- cessfully published, and in 1872 consoli- dated that paper with the “Old Colony Memorial,” forming a partnership with C. C. Doten, under the firm name of Avery & Doten, continuing to the present time. In 1889 he was appointed post- master of Plymouth by President Harrison, and is rendering the public most efficient service, Mr. Avery was first married in Williams- town, Vt., September 2, 1860, to Martha Eliza, daughter of David and Betsey (Olds) Burnham. Of this union were four AVERY. 25 children: Elmer Ellsworth, Martha Eliza (deceased), David Ebenezer, and Herbert Winslow (deceased). His second marriage was with Mary Abalana, daughter of Free- man and Hannah (Freeman) Landers. Their children are: Martha Eliza, Marcel- lus Chandler, Hannah Freeman (deceased), and Ebenezer Freeman (deceased), Mr. Avery was charter member of Saga- more Encampment No. 4s, I. O. O. Ee holding the office of chief patriarch ; chaplain and member of Mayflower Lodge No. 54, I. O. O. F., and chairman of its board of trustees for several years ; charter mem- ber of Plymouth Bay Lodge K. of H. and its dictator ; Plymouth Rock Lodge, I. O. WINSLOW W. AVERY. G. T.; United Order Pilgrim Fathers ; member of the Methodist-Episcopal church from early life, holding all the offices in the church and Sunday-school, being a working and influential member of the committee which had in charge the construction of the beautiful Memorial Methodist church in Plymouth. For many years he has served upon the board of trustees of the Plymouth Five Cents Sav- ings Bank. , Mr. Avery was representative to the general court in 1880 and ‘81, rendering faithful and valuable service upon the committees to which he was appointed. 26 BABBITT. BABBITT, NATHAN S., son of Snell and Jael (Edson) Babbitt, was born in Hancock, Berkshire county, August 30, 1812. His father wasa studious and prominent medical practitioner. His mother was also a native of Berkshire, whose family is of Welsh ex- traction, and is descended from Edward Bobbitt, who settled in Taunton in 1643. The descendants have changed the orthog- raphy of the patronymic. The Babbitt fam- ily in Massachusetts has furnished the pro- fessional and artistic walks of life with many able representatives. The line has been conspicuous for its many eminent physicians and surgeons. Isaac Babbitt, the inventor of the anti-friction “ Babbitt-metal,” is a member of this family. He made the first Britannia ware in this country in 1831, in Taunton. His great metallic production dates from 1839. The preparatory education of Mr. Bab- bitt was received at the academy at South Adams. Cut off from a college course by lack of means, he entered at once upon his preparatory work for the medical profession. He studied one year with Dr. H. M. Wells of Windsor, then with his father, and also at- tended the usual course of lectures at the Berkshire Medical school, from which he was graduated M. D. in 1833, at the age of twenty-one years. Hisdegreewasconferred by Williams College, of which the Berkshire school constituted the medical department. The degree of A. M. was subsequently awarded Dr. Babbitt by the same college. Locating in South Adams, after gradua- tion, he speedily gained a wide and success- ful practice, which he prosecuted until 1846, when he removed to North Adams. For upwards of thirty years he has been studiously devoted to his profession, and is to-day the acknowledged leader of the medical fraternity in his vicinity. The excavation of the Hoosac Tunnel was attended by many accidents to the workmen employed therein. Their fre- quent and severe injuries imperatively de- manded the presence of a skilled surgeon, whose cool judgment and prompt action should be adequate to allemergencies. Dr. Babbitt was engaged by the Tunnel com- pany, and for more than twenty years his services were often under requisition. Prior to his settlement in Adams, patients who needed surgical treatment sought it at the recognized centres of professional skill. Since then his eminent abilities have ren- dered such recourse unnecessary. BABSON. In 1837 Dr. Babbitt was elected a fel- low of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He was the first president of the Northern District Medical Association. In 1835 Dr. Babbitt was married to Ann Eliza, daughter of Thomas Robinson, of Adams. BABCOCK, JAMES FRANCIS, son of Archibald D. and Fanny F. (Richards) Bab- cock, was born in Boston, February 23, 1844. His early education was accomplished at the Quincy grammar school and at the English high school in Boston, where he graduated in 1860, and at once entered the chemical department of the Lawrence Sci- entific school of Harvard University. Com- pleting the course of study in 1862, he at once commenced the profession of analyti- cal chemist, which he has practiced in Bos- ton to the present time, frequently being engaged as chemical expert in patent cases and in capital trials in this and other states. On the 25th of May, 1865, in Boston, Mr. Babcock was married to Mary Porter, daughter of Walter and Mary (Watson) Crosby. Their children are: Walter C., Frank C., and Marie Babcock. Mr. Babcock was appointed state assayer by Governor Gaston in 1875, and re-ap- pointed by successive governors for ten years. He was appointed milk inspector for the city of Boston in 1885, and contin- ued to the year 1889. His official reports on milk, butter, etc., form valuable contri- butions to the literature of these subjects. From 1870 to 1875 he was professor of chemistry in the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, and in the Boston University from 1875 to 1880. Prof. Babcock is a popular lyceum lec- turer upon scientific subjects, and is the inventor of the chemical fire engine and the Babcock fire extinguisher. BABSON, FITZ JAMES, son of Joseph and Mary Babson, was born in Gloucester, Essex county, February 14, 1828. From the public schools of his native town he passed to the Murray Institute Academy, where he remained until the age of fourteen. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a master carpenter, with whom he served four years. Commencing business as contractor and builder at the age of twenty-one, he continued in this line until the breaking out of the war of the rebellion. BABSON. Enlisting in the 23d regiment of Massa- chusetts volunteers, he served three years with this regiment, until 1864, as second lieutenant, lieutenant and captain. In 1864 he recruited the 25th unattached company, United States infantry, to which he was assigned, with the rank of captain, and with which he served until the close of the war. He was commander of Colonel Allen Post, G. A. R., 1868 and 1869, the first two years after it was instituted. In 1858 and 1860 he represented his district in the lower branch of the Legisla- ture. He was inspector of customs and boarding-officer for the district of Glouces- FITZ J. BABSON. ter from 1865 to 1869, and collector of customs for the same district from May, 1869, to November, 1885, holding commis- sions from Presidents Grant, Hayes, and Arthur. He is an active member of the order of F.& A. M., having served as master for eight years. He has been identified with all progressive movements in his native city and district, and is always alert in guard- ing the American fishing interests. He was made president of the National Fishery Association in 1886, and still holds the position. He prepared and presented most of the documentary and oral testimony for the United States before the Halifax Com- BACON, 27 mission, also the report to the state de- partment of his voyage on the “ Kear- sarge,” inspecting the Dominion shore fish- erles, and assisted in the compilation and presentation of the report on the Fortune Bay outrage on American fishermen. _ His continued defense of the marine interests of New England from foreign ag- gression and adverse legislation has given him a national reputation, and to his pub- lished articles on matters connected with the Atlantic fisheries, the weight of author- ity. Hehasalways been an intense Repub- lican and protectionist, and insists upon ‘“ America for the Americans.” Mr. Babson was first married, August 19, 1850, in Gloucester, to Sarah E., daughter of Joseph and Sarah Procter. His second marriage was in Middlefield, July 14, 1885, to Mary Jane, daughter of Jonathan and Mary (Sophia) McElwain. His children by first marriage are: Mary, Anna Procter, and Fitz James Babson, Jr. BACON, EDWIN MUNROE, son of Henry and Eliza Ann (Munroe) Bacon, was born in Providence, R. I., October 20, 1844. His father was an eminent univer- salist clergyman, who died in Philadelphia when he was a lad of twelve years. His early education was mainly received in private schools in Providence, Philadel- phia, and Boston. He finished his studies in an academy at Foxborough, a private and boarding school which flourished for many years under James L. Stone as prin- cipal, and which fitted many boys for college. At the age of nineteen he became con- nected with the “ Boston Daily Advertiser” as a reporter, Charles Hale at that time being chief editor of the paper. He re- mained with the “ Advertiser” for several years, and then left its employ to take the editorship of the “TIllustrated Chicago News,” in Chicago, IIl., an enterprise which enjoyed a very brief but honorable career. From Chicago he returned East, and in the spring of 1868 became connected with the “New York Times,” first as assistant night editor, subsequently becoming night editor, and later, managing editor. He was fortunate in securing employment on the “ Times” staff during the life of Henry J. Raymond, its founder. Under him and the late S. S. Conant — general news edi- tor during Mr. Raymond’s later years —he learned the journalist’s trade thoroughly. He was made managing editor by John Bigelow, who became editor of the “Times” soon after the death of Mr. Raymond. 28 BACON. In 1872 Mr. Bacon resigned his position on the “ Times” on account: of ill-health produced by over-work, and returned to Boston. Subsequently he joined the staff of the “ Advertiser’ as general news editor, after representing it in New York for some months as its special correspondent there. In 1873 he became chief editor of the “Boston Globe,” and conducted it as an independent journal. Resigning in 1878, he returned to the “ Daily Advertiser,” assuming the duties of managing editor. In the winter of 1883, upon the retirement of Edward Stanwood, chief editor, Mr. Bacon came into full editorial charge of the paper, and in the summer of 1884 he was made associate editor with Professor Charles F. Dunbar. In January, 1886, he retired from the ‘ Advertiser,” when the paper passed into the control of new hands, and in May, 1886, was made chief editor of the * Boston Post,” when this journal was purchased by a number of gentlemen known in politics as Independents. Under the editorship of \[r. Bacon the “ Post’ has steadily grown in public favor, and has secured a permanent position among the daily papers of the first class in the country. The present management in- tend to maintain a high standard of in- dependent journalism by treating all political and other questions of public interest with fairness, frankness, and pro- priety, and to continue to advocate with the same energy and persistency it has displayed in the past, tariff and adminis- trative reforms until they are finally estab- lished. Mr. Bacon has done much work as a special correspondent. Early in his career he wrote for several western journals ; for severa! years he served as Boston corre- spondent of the “New York Evening Post;”’ he was a special correspondent of the “New York Times” in Boston from 1873 until his assumption of the editorship of the * Boston Post,” and he was the reg- ular Boston letter-writer of the “Spring- field Republican” in the summer of 1879 and that of 1886, He has compiled several books in Bos- ton. He is the author of ‘“ King’s Dic- tionary of Boston” (1883) — now “ Bacon's Dictionary of Boston” (Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1886), and is the editor of “Boston Illustrated’ (Houghton, Mifflin & Company). On the 24th of October, 1867, at Somer- ville, Mr. Bacon was married to Gusta E., daughter of Ira and Hannah Hill. He has one child, Madeleine L. Bacon. BACON. BACON, JOSEPH NEWMAN, son of Joseph and Beulah Crafts (Fuller) Bacon, was born in Newton, Middlesex county, January 25, 1813. On his father’s side he is descended from William Bacon, who settled in Salem in 1640. His wife traces her genealogy in a direct line from the Woodward family, who as long ago as 1681 owned and occupied the homestead located in Newton High- lands. He attended the common schools until the age of thirteen, when he went for two terms to Marshall S. Rice’s private acad- emy for boys, at Newton Centre. Several JOSEPH N. BACON. years later he attended Phillips Academy, Andover, for a short time. In 1835 he bought out his father’s in- terest in a general store in Newton, in which business he remained until 1846. He then engaged in buying and selling real estate. In 1856 he was elected presi- dent of the Newton National Bank, and in 1858, president of the Newton & Water- town Gas Light Company, which positions he still holds. Mr. Bacon was married in Newton, April 17, 1845, to Sarah Anna, daughter of Elijah Fuller and Anna (Murdock) Wood- ward. Of this union were four children: Anna Woodward (deceased), Sarah Emma, BAILEY. Joseph Herbert (deceased), and William Francis Bacon. In addition to the offices named, Mr. Bacon has been director of the Citizens’ Mutual Insurance Company from its com- mencement ; trustee of Euphrates College, Harpoot, Turkey, and deacon of the Eliot Congregational church. In 1838 Mr. Bacon made a prospecting tour West, as far as Cincinnati and Louis- ville, doing half the distance by coach, canal and steamboat, and decided that the East was more desirable for residence. In politics he was a Whig until 1848, when he voted for Martin Van Buren and Charles Francis Adams, as a ‘“‘ Conscience Whig.” He became a Republican in 1856, when that party absorbed the “ Conscience Whigs.” He has ever voted the Republi- can ticket, with the single exception of 1884, when distrust of the Republican candidate for president led him to vote with the Prohibitionists. Mr. Bacon has erected several fine blocks of buildings that add much to the beauty and valuation of his native place. He is conservative in his action, and what- ever offices he has held have come to him entirely unsolicited. He has never been swept into the whirl of active struggle for political preferment, chiefly from his dis- like of the questionable methods and prac- tices frequently associated with it. BAILEY, DUDLEY PERKINS, the son of Rev. Dudley P. Bailey, a Baptist clergy- man, was born in Cornville, Somerset county, Maine, October 24, 1843. He received his elementary education in the district schools of Hartland and Monson, Maine, and also at Monson Academy. In the summer of 1864 he entered Waterville College, now Colby University, and gradu- ated with the class of 1867. He then commenced the study of law with Hon, William L. Putnam at Portland, Maine, and continued with him till 1870, in May of which year he opened an office for the practice of law at Freeport, Maine, having been admitted to the bar at Port- land, April 28, 1870. In October, 1870, he removed to Port- land, and practiced law there until March, 1872; he then opened a law office in Everett and also subsequently in Boston, both of which he still retains. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives in 1886 and 1887, and served as House chairman of the committee on taxation both years; also served on the committee on probate and insolvency in 1887, BAILEY, 29 Mr. Bailey has never married. He isa member of the Palestine Lodge F.& A. M., Everett and Tabernacle Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, Malden. _ He has been treasurer of the First Bap- tist church in Everett since 1878, member of the school board of Everett, 1873-74, 1876-80, and from 1882 until the present time. He has been chairman of the same from 1886. He is a trustee of Everett public library, and has been secretary of the board since 1878. In 1868 Mr. Bailey was awarded the first prize offered by the American Free Trade League to the undergraduates of American DUDLEY P. BAILEY. colleges for the best essay in favor of free trade. He was formerly (1867-72) connected with the “Portland Press,” and has been an occasional contributor to various other newspapers. He is also author of various articles, mostly financial, for magazines: first in the “ American Exchange and Re- view” of Philadelphia, and afterwards in the “ Banker’s Magazine” of New York. Among these may be mentioned : “ Public Expenditure, Debt and Taxation ; ”« Paper Money and Commerce in Russia ;” “ Na- tional Banks or a National Bank ; ” « Fis- torical Sketch of Banking in Massachu- setts ;” The Currency and Commerce of 30 BAILEY. Cuba;” “The Credit Institutions of Italy ;” anda series of articles giving an extended account of “ The Clearing House System,” with statistics of nearly all the clearing houses in the world. These ar- ticles on the clearing houses have attracted the attention of financial writers both at home and abroad. Besides magazine articles, he is the author of the historical sketch of the town of Everett in “ Drake’s History of Middlesex County ;”’ also of the part relating to clearing houses in “ Bolles’ Practical Banking.” BAILEY, GEORGE W., son of Job and Lydia F. Bailey, was born at Scituate, Plymouth county, August 1, 1830. He received his early education in the common schools of his native town, attend- ing summer and winter up to the age of twelve, then from twelve to sixteen years the winter terms only. He afterwards went one term to a private school. In 1854 Mr. Bailey went into partner- ship with Howard Vinal in the boot and shoe manufacturing trade at Scituate. Upon the retirement of Mr. Vinal in 1855, he carried on the business alone until January 1, 1856, when he took George Leonard, Jr., of Boston, into partnership, the firm then becoming Bailey & Leonard. From 1858 to 1875 Jotham W. Bailey was a partner, under the firm name of G. W.& J. W. Bailey. Since the latter date Mr. Bailey has carried on the business by himself. He was elected a member of the school board in 1885, and still serves in that capacity as chairman. Mr. Bailey has been deacon of the Bap- tist church at Scituate thirty-three years, treasurer for twenty years, and chairman of the executive committee. He was married at Scituate, November 26, 1856, to Hannah W., daughter of James S. Briggs, a former ship-builder of Scituate. He has only one son surviving, Herbert B. Bailey of Wollaston. BAKER, EDWIN, son of Roswell and Bathsheba Baker, was born in Hawley, Franklin county, January 18, 1843. He was brought up on a farm, and re- ceived his education in district and select schools, and at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H. At the age of nineteen he enlisted in the 52d regiment Massachusetts volunteers, and served under General Banks in the Louisiana campaign. In 1864 he entered the employ of Dr. A. H. Taylor, in Shelburne Falls, as drug BAKER. clerk. Three years later he purchased the business, and has conducted it as his own since that time. Mr. Baker is a prominent and leading citizen, and has held important offices in the town, and been honored with such business positions as director in the Shel- burne Falls National Bank, trustee in the Shelburne Falls Savings Bank, and trustee and treasurer of Arms Library. For sixteen years Mr. Baker was super- intendent of the Congregational Sunday- school in Shelburne Falls. He isa Free Mason, being a member of Mountain Lodge, F. & A. M. He has served this EDWIN BAKER lodge in various capacities, and for four years was worshipful master. From 1882 to 1885 he was district deputy grand master of the r4th Masonic district. He was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature in 1885 and 1886, and served upon the public health and Hoosac Tunnel committees. In 1889 he repre- sented Franklin district as State senator, and was a member of the committee on public health, agriculture, and engrossed bills, being chairman of the latter. On the first day of August, 1867, Mr. Baker was married to Emma Isabel, daugh- ter of Edward and Hannah Bannister of Leeds, Yorkshire County, England. BAKER. BAKER, JOHN I., son of Joseph and Lucy (Bisson) Baker, was born in Beverly, Essex county, August 16, 1812. He left school at twelve and one-half years of age, and after a two years’ engage- ment in a store in Salem and Beverly, he served a fourteen months’ apprenticeship at shoe-making, and was connected with that business for nearly twenty years. He has also been engaged in rubber manufac- ture and in mercantile affairs, and has done an extensive business as surveyor, and in the settlement of estates. Mr. Baker's proverbial characteristic of fair and equitable dealing was early devel- JOHN |. BAKER. oped, and he was frequently called upon to act as adviser or arbitrator in complicated and important cases. His business of later years has been largely in real estate. He very early took an active interest in public affairs, and has performed long and conspicuously honorable service therein in town, county and state. He was town clerk of Beverly at twenty-three years of age, and for nearly twenty years thereafter, serving also as selectman for nearly one- half that time. In 1847 he was chosen county commissioner, also in 1850 and ’53. Mr. Baker has a phenomenal record of service in the state Legislature, having oc- Cupied a seat in the House of Representa- BAKER, 31 tives in no less than eighteen different sessions, being a member in 1840, ’45, '46, 47, ’52, 56, 65, 66, '69, "71, 75, °78, "79, Bo, "81, ’82, '33, and ’84. He enjoyed the distinction for eight years of being the sen- ior member in service, and in consequence he has been obliged to call the house to order, and preside during the organization on those occasions. He was a member of the State Senate in 1863 and ’64; council- or with Governor Banks in 1860, and with Governor Andrew in 1861; took a promi- nent part with the former in settling the long vexed question of the Rhode Island boundary, and was in intimate and active co-operation with the latter in fitting out all the Massachusetts troops in the first year of the war; and after leaving the official councils, continued in similar fel- lowship with Governor Andrew in all the subsequent work of the war. In legislative work Mr. Baker served on many important committees, often as chair- man. The railroad committee received a good share of his service, and he labored earnestly in bringing about the establish- ment of a board of railroad commissioners. He was largely instrumental in establish- ing the present system of state valuation and taxation, and is still interested in state charities and prisons; believes in female suffrage ; is a radical temperance man and prohibitionist ; member of the congrega- tion of the First Baptist society, Beverly ; was an early abolitionist, and of the anti- slavery wing of the Whig party ; was an active and prominent organizer of the Re- publican party, associated in his labors with John A. Andrew. Mr. Baker continued in full fellowship with the Republican party until 1870, since which time he has acted independently, or with the Prohibition party ; in 1875 he was the Prohibition candidate for gover- nor. In 1878, ’79, and ’82 he supported General Butler for governor. In 1883 he was appointed by General Butler, who that year occupied the gubernatorial chair, as a member of the harbor and land commission, which position he still holds, having been re-appointed at the expiration of each term of his service of three years by Governors Robinson and Ames. Mr. Baker was many years chairman of the Beverly board of selectmen and of the school board ; is president of Liberty Ma- sonic Association; of Odd Fellows’ Hall Association; of the Beverly Gas Light Company; of the Beverly & Danvers Street Railway Company , of the Beverly co-operative store, and vice-president of iS) BAKER. oO the Beverly Savings Bank. He takes a lively interest in the history and the pedi- gree of the early families of Beverly and vicinity, and continues an active and un- wearied promoter of the growth and pros- perity of the town which has so uninter- ruptedly given him so flattering a support at the polls. His sagacity and wide ac- quaintance with the prominent legislators indifferent parts of the State has had no little influence in keeping historic Beverly still undivided and in the enjoyment of all its town privileges, and with its property un- impaired. BAKER, NATHAN BABBITT, the son of Joel Baker, was born July 20, 1841, at West Hawley, Franklin county, He received his early education in the common schools in Savoy until 1858, when he was sent to Athol, where he attended the high school for one year, at the same time supporting himself by sawing wood mornings and nights. He was then called home to assist his father on his farm. In 1860 he was hired out to a farmer in Cheshire for six months, and in the follow- ing year to a farmer in Hawley. Mr. Baker is now a farmer at Savoy Centre, being much interested in agricul- tural pursuits. He is a member and vice- president of several agricultural societies. His valuable services as an expert have frequently been called into requisition at agricultural fairs. He is a member of the town school board, and has been frequently elected to represent the Republican party of his dis- trict at conventions and county nomina- tions. He enlisted August, 1862, in company E, 52d Massachusetts volunteer militia, which was raised in Greenfield, and was honorably discharged in the fall of 1863. His health, however, was very seriously impaired, and he is one of those who to- day are suffering physical disability, oc- casioned by constant exposure and arduous service in the army. Mr. Baker was married at Savov Centre, October 28, 1868, to Sarah Abbie, the only daughter of Harman Snow, of that town, by whom he had five children: Walter Joel, who died in 1884, aged ten years, Sarah Abbie, .\ngie Mary, Nellie Bell, and «Ada Hannah Baker. He has been prominently identified with the Grand Army for several years, served in 1888 on the staff of Department Com- mander Walker, was re-appointed by De- partment Commander Goodale for 1889 as aide-de-camp and assistant inspector. BAKER. It is a singular fact, and one probably without a parallel in army history, that Mr. Baker was permitted to enlist while suffer- ing at the time from a disability which should have at once disqualified him from active service. His ambition to serve in the war led him to conceal his inability to raise his arm toa level with his shoulder, and this defect was not discovered until at an inspection at Port Hudson his superior officer tossed him a musket which he was unable to properly catch. It was too late, however, to prevent his continuing in ac- tive and honorable service. BAKER, SMITH, son of Smith and Mary (Smith) Baker, was born in Bowdoin, Sagadahoc county, Maine, February 18, 1836. He was graduated from the Bangor (Maine) Theological Seminary in 1860, and was settled over the Congrega- tional churches of Orono and Veazie, Maine, until 1871, when he became the pastor of the First Congregational church, Lowell. Mr. Baker has always taken an active interest in Sunday-school work ; the school connected with his church is one of the largest in New England. He has been a member of all the international Sunday- school conventions, and for several years past has been a member of the national executive committee. He is also chair- man of the Sunday-school committee of the national council of Congregational churches. Mr. Baker is a frequent contributor to various religious publications, and since the re-crganization of the “ Golden Rule,” has edited the Sunday-school lesson for that paper. In this work is seen the same pithy terseness of expression which char- acterizes his sermons. He has published two small books of ‘Talks to Young Men and Young Women.” Mr. Baker's pastorate in Lowell has been phenomenally successful. No less than twelve hundred have united with the church since his acceptance of its pastoral charge. The new and elegant place of worship has a seating capacity of thirteen hundred, and is admirably adapted to modern church work. Mr. Baker has been instrumental not only in preventing all dissensions, but in unifying the sentiment of his people. His is distinctively the “ People’s Church.” Mr. Baker was married September 13, 1860, to Isabella A., daughter of Alvah and Elizabeth Ditson, of Northumberland, Vt. ts wife and one son, Alvah S. Baker, are iving. BALDWIN. BALDWIN, JOHN STANTON, son of John Denison and Lemira (Hathaway) Baldwin, was born in New Haven, New Haven county, Conn., January 6, 1834. He attended the public schools of Con- necticut, the Hartford high school, and finished with the state normal school. He had fitted for Yale College, but was obliged to relinquish his college course, from lack of funds. Mr. Baldwin learned the printer’s trade in Hartford, and was first called, at the age of nineteen, to the business which he has ever since followed, when his father became editor and proprietor of the “ Boston Daily Commonwealth,” He was placed in charge of the business office, where he remained five years. ‘These were the years of the execution of the infamous “ fugitive slave act’? which stirred Massachusetts to its centre. The “Commonwealth” was the organ of the men who bitterly opposed this act, and its office was the daily rendez- vous of such men as Theodore Parker, Charles Sumner, Richard H. Dana, Jr., Wendell Phillips, Henry Wilson, Dr. Samuel G. Howe, William Claflin, John A. Andrew, Anson Burlingame, and others illustrious in the history of the anti-slavery agitation in Massachusetts. It was amid these as- sociations that Mr. Baldwin became a voter and formed the convictions which shaped his subsequent political course. In 1859 he was associated with his father and brother in the publication of “The Worcester Daily Spy,” and is now the senior proprietor and editor of that paper. Mr. Baldwin was captain in the 51st Massachusetts regiment, where he served during the war of the rebellion; was a member of the House of Representatives from Worcester, 1871 and 1872; has been common councilman and member of Wor- cester school board; is a member of the Church of the Unity, Worcester, and su- perintendent of its Sunday-school. He is also connected with several social and charitable organizations. He is a mem- ber of the Worcester Club, the Quinsiga- mond Boat Club, the Massachusetts Club, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and the Society of the Army of the Potomac. Mr. Baldwin was married in Worcester, October 19, 1863, to Emily, daughter of Albert and Mary (Eaton) Brown. Of this union are six children: Mary Eleanor, Robert Stanton, Alice Hathaway, John Denison, Henry Brown, and Emily Clinton Baldwin. BALDWIN, 33 BALDWIN, WILLIAM HENRY, son of Henry and Mary (Brackett) Baldwin, was born in Brighton [now Boston], October 20, 1826. He received his educational training in the public and private schools of his native place. His first business experience was with the firm of Kelly & Spring, dry goods, Brighton, with whom he remained about four years; next with James M. Beebe & Co., importers and dry goods jobbers, Bos- ton, and afterwards with Gannett, Balch & Co., in the same business in the same city. Mr. Gannett was a former partner in the firm of James M. Beebe & Co. Mr. Bald- win remained with this firm until April, 1850, when the firm of Baldwin, Baxter & Curry was organized, importers and job- bers of woolens. In 1858 Mr. Baxter died, and the business was continued under the firm name of Baldwin & Curry until July, 1865, when Mr. Baldwin disposed of his interest in the concern and engaged in the dry goods commission business, in which he remained until April, 1868. In the winter of 1867-68 it was decided to resume the work of the Boston Young Men’s Christian Union — organized 1851, incorporated 1852—which had been interrupted and temporarily discontinued on account of the civil war. At a meet- ing of the life-members and friends of this organization, held April 15, 1868, a board of government was elected, the choice being made of Mr. Baldwin, without previous consultation with him as to the use of his name, as president of the board. Mr. Baldwin, after some hesitation — being then in active business— accepted, with the full intention of re-engaging in business at the close of the Union year; but he became so deeply interested in the work of the Union, its growth and success, that he has remained in the position of president for the period now covering over twenty-one years. The membership of the Union April 1, 1889 (date of last annual report), was 5,165. Mr. Baldwin has been actively identi- fied with many organizations and societies in Boston — religious, philanthropic, and others. ; At the present time he is president of the “ Children’s Mission to the Children of the Destitute,” Boston; director in the “ Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ;” director in the “Old Boston School Boys’ Association ; trustee Franklin Savings Bank, vice-prest- dent of the Unitarian Church Temperance Society (National) ; also a member of the 34 BALDWIN. Boston Memorial Association, and of the Bostonian Society. He was one of the founders of the Unitarian Club, and a member of its council the first seven years; he has always taken a deep interest in the work of the Sunday-school ; was for sev- eral years president of the Unitarian Sun- day-school Society, and for twenty-five years superintendent of the Sunday-schools connected with the Church of the Unity and the Church of the Disciples, Boston. Mr. Baldwin has always taken a lively interest in the political welfare of his city, state and nation, from a sense of religious duty, without being able to give that WILLIAM H. BALDWIN. amount of time which would have been required to fulfill the duties connected with public official positions. He has always been a strong advocate of our pub- lic schools, and for several years served as member of the Boston school board. Dur- ing the civil war he was a member of the war relief committee of the old ward eleven, Boston, which rendered important service to the families of those who were engaged at the front in the defense of the Union. Mr. Baldwin was married in Boston, June 17, 1851, to Mary Frances Augusta, daughter of Jonathan and Nancy (.\ldrich) Chaffee of Boston. Of this union were BALL. nine children : Mary Chaffee, Maria Jose- phine, Harry Heath, Frank Fenno, Fanny Aldrich, William Henry, George Storer, Robert Collyer, and Richard Brackett Baldwin. BALL, PHINEHAS, son of Manassah S. and Clarissa (Andrews) Ball, was born in Boylston, Worcester county, January 18, 1824. The common schools of his native town, with a short attendance at Berlin Academy, gave him his educational training up to 1840, when he learned from an uncle the rudiments of surveying, which was the starting point of his after education in civil engineering. His later education has been obtained in the field, in actual con- tact with the practical work, and by per- sonal private study of various works on engineering, mostly relating to water-works and sewers. He began his business life by associat- ing himself with Elbridge Boyden, archi- tect, Worcester, under the firm name of Boyden & Ball, architects and civil engineers. This partnership continued until 1860. Since that date he has carried on the business of civil engineering in the city of Worcester, doing general work up to 1865, but after that time engaged al- most wholly by the city until 1872. Since the latter date he has been engaged a large part of the time in the construction of water-works, and consulting on plans of water-works and sewers for towns and cities, chiefly in the State of Massachu- setts. He has also the management and direction of the Union Water Meter Com- pany. Mr. Ball married, in Marlborough, De- cember 21, 1848, Sarah Augusta, daugh- ter of William and Rebecca (Howe) Holy- oke. Of this union were two children : Allard Holyoke (deceased), and Helen Augusta Ball. His second marriage oc- curred November 29, 1865, in Lancaster, with Mary Jane, daughter of Benj. B. and Mary (Carter) Otis. Mr. Ball was a member of the common council, Worcester, 1862-63; mayor of Worcester, 1865 ; water commissioner from 1863 to 1867 ; and city engineer from 1867 to 1872. He was clerk of the Worcester County Mechanics’ Association from 1857 to 1865, and treasurer seven years during the time, and was afterwards director, vice-president and president of the association for short terms; was for seventeen years one of the vice-presidents of the Mechanics’ Savings Bank, and for seven years the president of BALLIET. the Worcester county conference of Uni- tarian churches. Mr. Ball has taken out a number of patents, chiefly relating to water meters and water-works fixtures. He has been president of the Union Water Meter Com- pany since its incorporation, November 9, 1868. BALLIET, THOMAS M., son of Nathan and Sarah (Minard) Balliet, was born at Mauch Chunk, Carbon county, Pa., of Huguenot descent, March 1, 1852. He received his early education at the public schools, and entered Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., where he was graduated in 1876, with the highest honors of his class. In September, 1877, he entered the divinity school at Yale College, and continued the study of theol- ogy for two years. Before entering college he taught in ungraded schools for two years, and for one year was teacher of mathematics in an academy at Lehighton, Pennsylvania. Immediately after graduating from col- lege, he was chosen principal of the high school and superintendent of schools in Bellefonte, Pa., which position he held till he entered the divinity school, and two years later, on leaving the divinity school, he was elected teacher of Latin and Greek at the state normal school at Kutztown, Pa, At the end of two years he resigned, to accept the position of county superin- tendent of schools of Carbon county, Pa., devoting considerable time to lecturing upon educational subjects before teachers’ conventions throughout the state. At the expiration of his three years’ term he declined re-election and went to Chicago, where he taught for a term in the Cook county normal school, conducting teach- ers’ institutes in the western states, and lectured at teachers’ conventions. In 1885 he was elected superintendent of schools in Reading, Pa., and re-elected in 1887. At the same time he was also elected pro- fessor of logic, psychology, and pedagog- ics, in Haverford College, Philadelphia, but declined the election. In October, 1887, he was elected superintendent of schools in Springfield, and entered upon the duties of the office April 1, 1888. He has also had charge of the department of psychology at the Saratoga summer school since 1885, and of the same department at the Glens Falls, N. V., and at the Penn- sylvania summer schools for 1888 and ’89. _Mr. Balliet has obtained a wide reputa- tion through papers he has read before the State teachers’ associations of Massachu- BANCROFT. 35 setts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Con- necticut, New York and Pennsylvania, and through his lectures before educational conventions in Iowa, Hlinois, Pennsylva- nia, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and all the New England states but Maine. BANCROFT, WILLIAM AMOS, son of Charles and Lydia Emeline (Spaulding) Bancroft, was born in Groton, Middlesex county, April 26, 1855. He attended the public schools and the Lawrence Academy, located in his native town. He became a student for two years at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H., and from this institution he was graduated in 1874. In the same year he went to Cam- bridge to live, and entered Harvard Col- lege. From childhood he took an active part in athletic sports, and, while in col- lege, was the captain and stroke oarsman of the famous Harvard University crews of 77,78 and *79. Graduating from col- lege with his class in 1878, he entered the Harvard Law school, and subsequently the law office of district attorney William B. Stevens. He was admitted to the Suf- folk bar in 1881, having previously opened a law office in Boston with his classmate, Edward F. Johnson, now mayor of Woburn. After the practice of the law for several years, in 1885 he entered the street rail- way business as superintendent of the Cam- bridge railroad. This position he held at the time of the strike of the six hundred employees in 1887, and was charged with the duty of re-organizing the service of the road. So energetically did he proceed in hiring new men and in running the cars, that, in fourteen days, all of the twenty- two lines were in full operation. After the consolidation of the various street railways of Boston into the West End Street Rail- way, he was, in 1888, appointed road-mas- ter and given charge of the two hundred and thirty miles of track operated by the company. While practicing law he was a corre- spondent of several Boston and New York papers, and also devoted considerable time, from 1879 to 1884, to “coaching” the Harvard crews. While a freshman at college, Mr. Ban- croft joined the state militia, in the spring of 1875, as a private in company K (after- wards company B), 5th regiment, and, after filling the positions of corporal and sergeant, was elected second lieutenant in 1877, first lieutenant in 1878, and captain in 1879. He was elected colonel of the regiment February 7, 1882, and still holds that commission. Under his administra- 36 BANCROFT. tion, the regiment has steadily gained in proficiency, and, in 1889, was detailed by the commander-in-chief, on account of its military excellence, as escort to the state delegation at the centennial celebration at New York, of Washington’s inauguration as president of the United States. In this duty the regiment acquitted itself with much credit, and was in numbers nearly eight hundred strong—the largest regiment that has ever left the State before or since the civil war. Having been elected a member of the common council of Cambridge for the year 1882, at the state election of that WILLIAM A. BANCROFT. year, Mr. Bancroft was elected a represen- tative to the General Court from the Old Cambridge district, and was returned at the two subsequent elections. During his three years’ service in the Legislature he was House chairman of the military com- mittee, and also of the committee on library; was clerk of the street railway, and the finance committees; and was a member of the committee on probate and chancery, and of bills in the third reading. On the 18th of January, 1879, he was married to Mary, daughter of Joseph and Catherine (Perry) Shaw, of Boston. He has three children: Hugh, Guy and Cath- erine Bancroft. BANKS. BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS, son of Nathaniei Prentiss and Rebecca ( Green- wood) Banks, was born in Waltham, Mid- dlesex county, January 30, 1816. After receiving a common school train- ing, when about ten years of age he worked as bobbin boy in a cotton factory of which his father was superintendent. It was in this factory that the first cotton cloth was made that was manufactured in the United States. He subsequently learn- ed the trade of machinist in the machine shop of Kendall & Wallace, Waltham, and with Coolidge, Sibley & Treat, Stony Brook. His leisure hours were employed in study. He early developed an aptitude for speaking, and was engaged in lecturing while but a youth. He became editor of a local paper, and was concerned in news- paper ventures both in Waltham and Low- ell. He has ever been a diligent student, and his attainments in the modern lan- guages, in history, politics and science have contributed not a little to the marked suc- cess which has characterized his public utter- ances during his long and eventful career. He was married in Waltham, April 11, 1847, to Mary, daughter of Jeduthan and Sarah (Turner) Palmer. Of this union were four children, of whom three are liv- ing—Joseph W., a civil engineer, settled in the west; Mary Binney, wife of Rev. Paul Sterling, and Maud Banks, who has so suc- cessfully devoted herself to histrionic art. Miss Banks inherited her dramatic tastes from her father, who fifty years ago faced the footlights as an amateur. In 1837 he enacted the part of “Claude Melnotte” with marked acceptance. Choosing the profession of law, he pur- sued his legal studies in the office of Rob- ert Rantoul, Jr., and was admitted to the bar, but never practiced much in the courts. His first public service was as inspector in the Boston custom house. In 1849 he was elected to the Legislature. He was chosen speaker of the House in 1851 and 1852. In 1853 he was elected to a seat in the state Constitutional Convention, and was made president of that body. He joined the Native American party, was elected to Congress in 1853 asa coali- tion Democrat, and in the next Congress was re-elected by the American party, and chosen speaker of the National House of Representatives, after an unparalleled and exciting contest, lasting over two months, and resulting in the casting of one hundred and thirty-two ballots ere the dead-lock was broken. As a speaker of the House he has had but few equals. BARKER. Having been elected governor of Massa- chusetts in 1857, he resigned his seat in Congress. He served three years as gover- nor—1858,’59 and ’60. In 1860 he accept- ed the position of president of the Illinois Central Railroad, succeeding Captain (sub- sequently General) George B. McClellan. When the civil war opened, Governor Banks was commissioned a major-general of volunteers, and assigned to the command of the 5th corps in the army of the Poto- mac. General Banks’s corps was ordered to the front August 9, 1862, and immedi- ately participated in active service in the battle of Cedar Mountain, where it held its position against a largely superior force. Later, in the same year, General Banks was placed in command of the defenses of Washington, and subsequently assigned to the command of the expedition to New Orleans, and succeeded General Butler in the command of that department. During his command of the department of the Gulf, he endeavored to re-organize the civil government of Louisiana. The Red River expedition, undertaken in opposition to his remonstrances, proved a disastrous enterprise, but some of the best military critics exculpate General Banks from all blame for the result. He was relieved of his command in May, 1864; resigned his commission, and returned to Massachusetts, and was again elected to Congress from his old district. He was re-elected to the suc- cessive Congresses until 1877, failing only in 1872, when he allied himself to the for- tunes of Horace Greeley, the nominee of the Democratic party for the presidency for that term. In Congress he served a long time as chairman of the committee on foreign relations. Since his retirement from congressional service, he has served as United States marshal, having been appointed by President Arthur, and served until the administration of President Cleve- land, In 1888 he was once more elected to Congress from his old district. General Banks is now over seventy-three years of age—the oldest living ex-governor of Massachusetts. The Commonwealth has a warm place in her heart for her former chief magistrate — for his ability displayed in his long service has been as conspicuous as his integrity has been untarnished. BARKER, HENRY, son of Asa and Nancy (Jones) Barker, was born in North Chelmsford, Middlesex county, September 16, 1811, _ His educational advantages were quite limited, and left him a thirst for knowledge BARKER. 37 which it was a pleasure to him to gratify in after years, gradually adding to the stock he had acquired in the too brief at- tendance at a country school. His father was a practical stone-cutter, as well as contractor, enjoying the confi- dence of Boston capitalists of that day, and the son was called when quite young to render such assistance as was possible in a boy who had just entered his teens. He commenced as a tool sharpener, and fol- lowing through the various gradations of the trade of stone-cutting, at the age of eighteen he had left home and entered the employ of Richards & Munn, in Boston, HENRY BARKER. at that time one of the leading firms in the granite business in that city, and also in Quincy, and: soon became one of the most expert workmen of the day. He was always foremost in originating and adopt- ing new and improved methods in connec- tion with the business in which he had grown up, persevering in some instances, notwithstanding determined opposition that would have discouraged a man with less faith in his work, and without confidence that truth would in the end prevail. Under such circumstances, he was the first to dis- cover and apply to the manufacture of granite paving-blocks, the shapes and sizes substantially the same as in use at the 38 BARKER. present day, required by the progressive ideas of street construction. He was thus instrumental in retaining for the Massa- chusetts quarries an industry that at one time seemed likely to be diverted to other sections and other materials. In 1834, having taken the contract to cut the eight columns for the Court House located in Court Square, Boston, he may be said to have entered into permanent business at this time. In 1836 he formed a partnership with .\bel Wright, to which were afterwards admitted his two brothers, Charles Barker — subsequently in charge of the branch established in Philadelphia —and George Barker, in charge of the branch at Gloucester (Lanesville), under the firm name of Barker, Wright & Co. Upon the withdrawal of Mr. Wright in 1864, the firm name was changed to H. Barker & Brothers. During the period from 1866 until his decease he was associated with his three sons, under the firm name of Henry Barker & Sons. This firm was ultimately the successor to all the others with which he was connected, excepting that at Philadel- phia. Mr. Barker was married in Boston, May 4, 1837, to Elizabeth, daughter of Amos and Lucy (Brigham) Smith. Of this union ‘were three children: Henry F., who died March 2, 1878, in the thirty-ninth year of his age, while serving a term as senator from the rst Norfolk district ; George A., who represented the towns of Quincy and Weymouth in the Legislature of 1883, and William P. Barker, the last two surviving him. After his marriage, he took up his abode in Quincy, where he continued to reside for the remainder of his life. He was often called to serve his fellow- citizens in positions of responsibility and trust, having been elected six years a member of the school committee, five years a member of the board of managers of Adams Academy, a member of the board of trustees of the public library, from its foundation in 1871 to the date of his decease, and representative in the Legis- lature from the town of Quincy for the years 1865 and 1869. He was deeply in- terested in the reforms that were agitating the years of his early and middle life, taking advanced ground on the side of the anti-slavery and temperance causes, and the leading lecturers on these reforms often shared the hospitality of his roof. In politics, having cast his first vote for the Whig candidates, of the wisdom of whose protective policy he was fully con- BARKER. yinced, he afterwards left this party to join in the Free-Soil movement, and was an earnest advocate of its principles. He be- came a Republican on the organization of that party, to which he was always loyal, and upon whose success he firmly believed the welfare of the nation depended. Mr. Barker was held high in the esteem of the citizens of Quincy, respected and beloved by all who knew him, and was a recognized friend of his employees and of the poor and afflicted. He died at Quincy, July 11, 1889. BARKER, JAMES MADISON, son of John V. and Sarah (Apthorp) Barker, was born in Pittsfield, Berkshire county, Octo- ber 23, 1839, where he still resides. He received his early training in the public schools of Pittsfield, including the high school; attended private school in Pittsfield, Hinsdale Academy, Hinsdale, and Williston Seminary, Easthampton. He entered Williams College in 1856, and was graduated in the class of 1860. Choosing the profession of law, he pur- sued his legal studies in the Harvard Law school, 1862 and ’63. Admitted to the bar, he became a law partner with Charles N. Emerson, Pittsfield, in 1863. This partnership continued until 1865, when he became associated with Thomas P. Pin- gree, and this relation continued until the appointment of Mr. Barker as associate justice of the superior court of Massachu- setts, which position he still holds. Mr. Barker was married in Bath, Steuben county, N. Y., September 21, 1864, to Helena, daughter of Levi Carter and Pa- melia Nelson (Woods) Whiting. Of this union were seven children: Olive Pame- lia, Sarah Elizabeth, Helen Whiting (de- ceased), Daisy (deceased), Mary Phillips, John, and Alice Whiting Barker. Mrs. Barker died April 11, 1889. Judge Barker is trustee of Williams Col- lege and of Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes. He was a member of the House of Representatives 1872 and 73. In 1874 and '75 he was commissioner to inquire into the expediency of revising and amend- ing the laws of the State relating to taxa- tion and exemption therefrom. He was commissioner to consolidate the public statutes in 188r and ’82. In 1880 he was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chicago, Illinois, and there won a reputation for staunch and fearless independence, through his de- termined efforts, with others of the Massa- chusetts delegation, to secure a civil ser- vice plank in the party platform, against BARKER, the wishes of the spoilsmen. It was in this fight that Mr. Flanaghan of Texas asked in all innocence his since famous question, ‘“‘ What are we here for if not for spoils ?”’ As a judge, at zs? priws, he has made an admirable record, and his rulings have had their full share of success upon appeal. BARKER, WILLIAM, JR., son of Wil- liam and Susannah (Potter) Barker, was born in Dartmouth, Bristol county, De- cember 25, 1820. Availing himself of the advantages of the public schools, he finished his scho- lastic training at the Friends’ Boarding School, Providence, R. I. From the age of sixteen he was employed for four years as an apprentice in the tan- ning, currying and shoe business; then worked at the shoe business till the year 1851. ‘That year he was chosen clerk, treas- urer and collector of taxes for the town of Dartmouth, He held these offices for six- teen consecutive years. In 1852 he was ap- pointed justice of the peace and deputy sheriff. The latter office he has held twenty-five years. His occupation at pres- ent is varied: he is employed as auctioneer and appraiser ; engaged in settling estates, or as justice of the peace, and is also inter- ested in farming. Mr. Barker is a Republican in politics, and was chosen to serve his representative district in the Legislature of 1868, ’7o and ‘1. He was a member of the state Senate in 1882. His residence is North Dartmouth. Mr. Barker was married in Fairhaven, September 22, 1842, to Mary, daugh- ter of Caleb and Hannah M. N. (Davis) Slade. Of this union is one child, Mary E. Barker, now wife of Captain Alden T. Pot- ter of Dartmouth. BARNARD, LEWIS, son of Captain Lewis and Bathsheba (Lovell) Barnard was born in Worcester, May 15, 18106. After the usual preliminary education, he passed through the high school in ‘Temple- ton,and the Leicester Academy, and when twenty-three years old began business in Springfield, where he remained till 1842. In 1847 he returned to Worcester, where he has since remained, being successively connected with H. H. Chamberlain, George Sumner, and Otis E. Putnam, in the dry goods business. During his residence in Worcester he has been on the board of aldermen for five years, and was in the House of Represen- tatives from 1870 to 1873, acting upon the BARRETT. 39 railroad committee in 1872, and as chair- man of the insurance committee in 1873. He has been a director in the City Bank since 1855, and was a director in the Bay State Fire Insurance Company during its existence. For five years he was a direc- tor in the Manufacturers’ Insurance Com- pany, a trustee of the Mechanics’ Savings Bank for eight years, and a director in the Doston, Barre & Gardner R. R. for six years, During sixty years he has been inti- mately associated with the city of Worces- ter, his only residence away from the city being a short season in Springfield, and two years in Europe, and through the entire period his name has been identified with, and his influence felt in, every progressive movement, LEWIS BARNARD. September 2, 1839, Mr. Barnard married Mary \., daughter of Roland and Annie Clark) Parkhurst. ‘Their children are : sn Clark, Mary Flora and Helen Jose- phine Barnard, BARRETT, LAWRENCE, was born in Boston, April 4, 1838, of Irish parentage, and his earliest connection with the stage was as call-boy in a Pittsburgh theatre. In 1853 he appeared in the “French Spy” at Detroit, Mich., remaining there one year, playing indifferent parts. The 40 BARRETT. two following years were spent in St. Lous, Chicago, and other western cities. His first appearance in New York was at the Chambers Street Theatre, December, 1856, as “Sir Thomas Clifford” in “ The Hunchback.” Mr. Barrett accepted the offer of Mr. Burton, and opened at his new Metropolitan Theatre, supporting Charlotte Cushman, Edwin Booth, and other promi- nent actors, In 1858 he joined the com- LAWRENCE BARRETT. pany of the Boston Museum as leading man, but for the four following years was seen in New York at the Winter Garden, making steady progress and playing many parts, At the outbreak of the civil war Mr. Barrett accepted a captaincy in the 28th Massachusetts infantry, where he served with credit until his resignation, August 8, 1803. After the war he was engaged at the Walnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia, and subsequently at Washington. During this engagement began an acquaintance which ripened into friendship with the martyred President, Mr. Garfield, who at that time was a young congressman from Ohio, with Mr. Lincoln, and other great statesmen of that stirring era. ltrom Washington he returned to Phila- delphia and subsequently to New York, BARRETT. where he was engaged by Mr. Booth to play “ Othello” to his * Iago.” Mr. Barrett then accepted a partnership in the manage- ment of the Varieties Theatre in New Or- leans, playing leading parts and meeting with great success. In 1864 he purchased “Rosedale”” from Lester Wallack, and after acting its leading character fora while at New Orleans, made his first tour as a star actor. In 1867 he visited England, meeting there Charles Dickens, Mr. Fechter, and renewing an old acquaintance with Charles Mathews, and the other principal actors of that day in London. He re-visited England in 1868, ’81, and ’83, playing in the principal cities, and being most favor- ably received. In 1868 he went to California and took the active management of the California Theatre, which had been built for him, at a salary of eighteen thousand dollars a year. During the twenty months of his management of this noble theatre, which had cost half a million dollars to build, the success was unprecedented. In 1870 he opened at Niblo’s Garden, New York, later playing with Mr. Booth in opposite charac- ters in Booth’s Theatre. He produced ‘“Yorick’s Love” at the Park Theatre, New York. His most recent successes have been as “Lanciotto” in “Francesca di Rimini,” “ Rienzi,” “Pendragon,” “The Blot on the Scutcheon,” and ‘“ Ganelon.” Mr. Barrett has been essentially a scholar, a man of wide cultivation, an indefatigable student of his art, and resistless in his am- bition. His wonderful industry has gone hand in hand with a large and liberal cul- tivation of his dramatic instinct, and to-day Mr. Barrett stands an honorable and con- spicuous figure among the leaders of his profession. Mr. Barrett was married September 4, 1859, in Boston, to Mary F., daughter of Philip J. and Mary F. Mayer. They have three daughters: Mary Agnes, now the Baroness von Roder, Anna Gertrude, who married Charles J. Anderson, brother of the celebrated actress, Mary Anderson, and Edith M. Barrett. BARRETT, ROSWELL, son of Oliver and Lucy (Fairbanks) Barrett, was born in Bolton, Worcester county, December 16, 1819. He attended only the district schools until he was twenty years of age. He then availed himself of the advantages of a private academy for five months, He began his life work as teacher in the common schools, continued in the profes- BARRETT. sion for twenty-five years, and is at present engaged in surveying, conveyancing and farming. Mr. Barrett was married in Baltimore, Md., May 2, 1854, to Sarah J., daughter of Asa and Sally (Bennett) Barrett. They have one child: Ella V. Barrett. Mr. Barrett has been superintendent in Sabbath-schools twenty-five years; dea- con in First Congregational church (Uni- tarian) twenty-seven years; member of school board twenty five years; justice of the peace twenty-eight years ; parish treas- urer twenty-two years; town treasurer eight years, and selectman and assessor four years. His residence is Bolton, on the old Bar- rett homestead on ‘Long Hill,” owned and occupied by the Barrett family for the last one hundred and fifty-two years. He is a lineal descendant in the fourth gener- ation from the Concord Barretts, and in the seventh from the Barretts who came here from England. BARRETT, WILLIAM E., son of Augus- tus and Sarah (Emerson) Barrett, was born in Melrose, Middlesex county, December 29,1858. After passing through the public schools of his native town, and Claremont, N. H., and the high school of Claremont, he fitted for and entered Dartmouth Col- lege, graduating in 1880. Immediately upon graduation he turned his attention to journalism, and at once accepted his first position, upon the “St. Albans Daily Messenger,” St. Albans, Vermont. For two years he retained his connec- tion with this paper, and in 1882 associated himself with the ‘Boston Advertiser.” For four years he was the Washington cor- respondent of the “ Advertiser,’ making for himself such a favorable reputation, that in 1886, when the paper was without a head, he at once was appointed as its editor and publisher. At present he holds the positions of president of the Advertiser Newspaper Company, and publisher of the “ Advertiser’ and ‘“ Evening Record.” In 1888 Mr. Barrett was chosen repre- sentative to the General Court from the 11th Middlesex district, being re-elected in 1889, when he was made speaker of the House, by a vote of 213 to 1 scattering. He is a member of various business cor- porations, and a member of the Masonic bodies of Melrose. He was clerk of the committee to investigate the Southern outrages, while in Washington, where his journalistic training made him of especial value; and much of the success which attended that work was due to the untir- BARROWS, AI ing energy which he exerted, and to the tact which he exhibited in sifting the facts presented, and arriving at the truth, On the 28th of December, 1887, at Clare- mont, N. H., Mr. Barrett was married to Annie L., daughter of Herbert and Alice (Sulloway) Bailey. A son was born March 10, 1889, William E. Barrett, Jr. BARROWS, WILLIAM, was born in New Braintree, Worcester county, Septem- ber 19, 1815. He is a descendant in the seventh generation from Pilgrim stock. The original ancestor of the Barrows fam- ily in this country, John Barrowe, came from Yarmouth, England, to Salem, in 1637. His son, Robert Barrowe, built at Plymouth, in 1679, and the house is yet standing. Then followed George Barrow, then Samuel Barrow, Noah Barrows, Wil- liam and William, Jr., the subject of this sketch. A farmer’s son, the eighth of ten children, he received the ordinary common school education, interwoven with farm work and rural sports. He fitted for col- lege at Phillips Academy, Andover, and was graduated at Amherst College in 1840. Immediately he became a family tutor on a plantation in Virginia, and, in 1841, opened an English and classical school in St. Louis, Mo. In 1843 he commenced theological studies in the Union Seminary, New York. In 1845 he was ordained to the ministry (Congregational), and installed in Norton. In 1850 he was installed over the church in Grantville, now Wellesley Hills. Thence he removed, in 1856, to become pastor of the Old South church, Reading. In 1869 he was made secretary of the Congregational 5. S. Publishing Society, and filled this office until 1873, when he was elected to the secretaryship of the Home Missionary Society. Since he closed that work, in 1880, he has devoted himself mainly to the educa- tional and religious wants of our frontier, having made in all eleven extensive tours over the border. He is now in his third year as financial agent for Whitman Col- lege, in the State of Washington. Dr. Barrows has lectured extensively on pre- historic history of America, and on the colonial and pioneer history of the United States, and has written much on these sub- jects for various periodicals. His pen has been somewhat active on books in his leis- ure hours. In 1869 he published “ Twelve Nights in the Hunters’ Camp ;” in 1875, “The Church and her Children ;” in 1882, “Purgatory Doctrinally, Practically and Historically Opened ;” in 1883, “ Oregon ; the Struggle for Possession;” in 1887, 42 BARRUS. “The Indian’s Side of the Indian Ques- tion,” and ‘The United States of Yester- day and of ‘To-morrow.” He was one of the five founders, and for seven years one of the editors, of the “ Congregational Review.” He came from following the plough to his course of study, and by his own labor paid all his educational expenses. He has been singularly vigorous, not having lost six Sabbaths from the pulpit from illness dur- ing his entire professional life, nor has he been without full stipulated employment, as pastor or secretary or agent, for one hour from the beginning of his public life. His rare good health he attributes to farm and garden work and frequent field sports. He has camped all the way from New Brunswick to the head-waters of the Col- umbia—his last vacation being eight hun- dred miles in the saddle in the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Barrows agrees devoutly with old Hugh Latimer in his sermon before the Sixth Edward on field sports : “Tt is a worthy game, a wholesome kind of exercise and much commended in Phisicke.” Dr. Barrows has been twice married. His first wife was Lucia A. Case, of Bland- ford, to whom he was married in June, 1845. His second marriage was with Elizabeth Adams Cate, of Cambridge. Of the latter union were three sons and one daughter. BARRUS, ALVAN, son of Levi and Almeda (Stearns) Barrus, was born in Go- shen, Hampshire county, October 14, 1831. He gleaned his early education from the public schools of his native town; worked on the home farm till twenty-one, peddled milk in Holyoke one year, after which sev- eral years were spent in the manufacture of bench and moulding planes, at Goshen, in connection with his brother, Hiram Barrus. In 1859 he sold out the business and made a connection with A. W. Crafts, opening a country store at Goshen. In August, 1862, he entered the army, served his enlistment, and was discharged in November, 1864, returning to the old homestead, where he has since turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, Mr. Barrus was married in Reading, June 29, 1869, to Emeline P., daughter of John and Sarah (Parker) Wakefield. Of this union are two children: Lena W. and George Levi Barrus. Mr. Barrus has been frequently called to serve his town in the various offices ; he was sent to the state Legislature in 1879 — House of Representatives — and BARTLETT. was a member of the state Senate in 1883 and ’84. He is justice of the peace; was three years member of the state board of agriculture, from which he was elected a member of the board of control of the Massachusetts Experiment Station, Am- herst, serving as secretary of the board. He succeeded in incorporating the Hillside Agricultural Society at .Cummington, in 1883, since which time he has been its president. He has held no military office except to act for a short time as hospital steward at Marine Hospital, Baltimore, where soldiers were brought with small- pox. He has long served on the parish committee of the Congregational society of Goshen, and as selectman of the town fifteen years. Mr. Barrus is at present engaged in de- veloping a spodrumene mine, located on his farm, from which the rare earth lithia is manufactured. The reduction is done entirely in Europe. This industry is a novelty in Massachusetts. BARTLETT, NATHANIEL CILLEY, son of Thomas B. and Victoria E. W. (Cilley) Bartlett, was born in Nottingham, Rock- NATHANIEL C. BARTLETT. ingham county, N. H., June 22, 1858. He is grandson of Judge Bradbury Bartlett of Nottingham, N. H., a distinguished member of the bar in that state. BARTLETT. He attended two years in the primary schools, six years in the Winter Street grammar school, and four years in the high school, Haveruaill, and four years at Har- vard College. He was graduated from Harvard in 1880, with the degree of A. B., with honorable mention. He founded the “Derry News,” a weekly newspaper, at Derry, N. H., De- cember, 1880, and conducted it one year as editor, publisher and proprietor. This paper still continues publication and has been a success from the first, In September, 1882, Mr. Bartlett was admitted as an attorney-at-law to practice in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and at once opened a law office in Haver- hill, where he is now engaged in his pro- fession. Mr. Bartlett is unmarried. He was superintendent of schools of Nottingham, N. H., 1881 and ’82. He is a member of the Republican city committee of Haver- hill, upon which committee he has served for three consecutive years. In April, 1888, he was appointed by .Governor Ames a master in chancery for the county of Essex. He is at present chancellor commander of Palestine. Lodge No. 26, K. of P., and junior sagamore of Passaquoi Tribe No. 27, Improved Order of Red Men. Mr. Bartlett is a grandson of the late Col. Joseph Cilley, of Nottingham, N. H., who was a United States senator, one of the original abolitionists, and a_battle- scarred veteran of Lundy’s Lane, and whose brother, Hon. John Cilley, was con- gressman from Maine in 1838, and a man widely known throughout the country. BARTLETT, SIDNEY, son of Zaccheus and Hannah (Jackson) Bartlett, was born in Plymouth, Plymouth county, February 13,1799. He was a lineal descendant of Robert Bartlett, who came to Plymouth only three years after the first settlers set foot on Plymouth Rock. He received his early education in the schools of his native town, and at the age of nineteen years was graduated from Har- vard College in the class of 1818. After graduation Mr. Bartlett studied law with Hon. Lemuel Shaw, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1821. He was at once taken into partnership with his instructor, and the two were associated together until Mr. Shaw was raised to the position of Chief Justice of the supreme judicial court, Mr. Bartlett early became one of the leaders of the Suffolk bar, and for many BARTLETT. 43 years was recognized by the supreme court of the United States as one of the ablest, if not the ablest, of the distinguished lawyers of the country who appeared be- fore that tribunal. He was thoroughly read in the literature of his profession, and as a legal reasoner, grasping legal prin- ciples and applying them to the facts of the case in hand, he was without a superior in this country, Mr. Bartlett was a member of the Legis- lature in 1851, and a member of the Con- stitutional Convention of 1853. In 1855 Harvard conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. The extraordinary length of Mr. Bart- lett’s career is forcibly brought home to the minds of the legal fraternity, by the fact that while he was at the bar, the mem- bership both of the supreme court of the United States and of the supreme court of Massachusetts was twice renewed. Mr. Bartlett was married in Boston, October 8, 1828, to Caroline, daughter of John and Mary (Tewksbury) Pratt. Of this union were four children : Sidney, Jr., (deceased), Francis, Louisa C, and Anna G. Bartlett (deceased). . SIDNEY BARTLETT. On the 6th of March, 1889, this wonder- ful life came to a close. He died as, he had lived, at the head of his profession, 44 BARTOL. respected and revered by his legal asso- ciates and the people of the Common- wealth. BARTOL, CYRUS AUGUSTUS, son of George and Ann (Given) Bartol, was born in Freeport, Cumberland county, Maine, April 30, 1813. After obtaining the early mental train- ing furnished by the common schools, he prepared for college in the Portland high school. He entered Bowdoin College, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1832. He subsequently studied theology in Cambridge, and was graduated from the divinity school in 1835. In 1837 he was settled associate pastor with Rev. Charles Lowell, D. D., of the West Church (Independent) in the city of Boston, of which he became the pastor in 1861. He has endeared himself to a large constituency by his faithful labors and philanthropic work. Dr. Bartol has published ‘“ Discourses on the Christian Spirit and Life” (Boston, 1850, 2d edition revised, 1854); “ Dis- courses on Christian Body and Form” (1854); “Picture of Europe Framed in Ideas” (1855); “History of the West Church and its Ministers ” (1858); “Church and Congregation” (1858); “Word of the Spirit to the Church” (1859); “ Radical Problems” (1872); “The Rising Faith” (1874); “ Principles and Portraits” (1880). He has also published many occasional essays and some poetry. Dr. Bartol’s writings are full of rich and quaint imagery, and are deeply religious, but more ethical and social in character than controversial. Dr. Bartol was married in Boston, Feb- ruary 7, 1838, to Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. John Clarke and Hepzibah (Swan) Howard. They have one child, Elizabeth Howard Bartol. BARTON, {EONARD, eldest son of Benjamin and Sarah (Parsons) Barton, was born in Bernardston, Franklin county, December 21, 1814. Heis lineally descend- ed from Samuel Barton, who removed from Framingham to Oxford early in the eigh- teenth century. When he was about ten years of age, his father removed his family to a farm in the adjoining town of Gill, on the locality where Captain Turner made his famous attack upon the Indians. His education, beyond the common school, was obtained in the old academies at Monson, Deerfield, Shelburne Falls and Brattleborough. During some fourteen years of his early life he spent a part of the time in school BASSETT. teaching in this State, Connecticut, and for about a year in Michigan. For about eighteen years he was one of the selectmen and assessors of the town, and for most of that time chairman of the board. He has been one of the superintending school com- mittee of the town for upwards of twenty- five years, and for several consecutive years held the office of town clerk and treasurer. In 1870 he was chosen to represent his district in the House of Representatives, and served in the Legislature of 1871, and again in 1881. His main business is, and always has been, that of a farmer, besides holding offices in several banks of the neighboring towns. He has never married. BASSETT, SAMUEL, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Scott) Bassett, was born in Boston, in November, 1804. He was educated in the Boston public schools ; learned the trade of sail-maker, which vocation he afterwards followed on his own account, and as one of the firm of Bassett & Thayer. Mr. Bassett was married in Westbor- ough, in 1830, to Julia Ann, daughter of Elijah and Hannah Burnap. Of this union were five children: Celadon, Julia A., Clarissa, William S. and Samuel B. Bassett. Mr. Bassett removed to Chelsea in 1838, where he has ever since resided. He was elected town clerk in 1849, and was annu- ally re-elected till 1857, when the city was organized, and he was elected city clerk, continuing to hold this office till 1884, when he declined re-election. He was also chosen city treasurer and collector, serving until 1875, when he declined fur- ther service in that capacity. Seldom has a public officer held such positions for so many years, or been so much _ beloved. His face had so long been a familiar one at the City Hall that it seemed an indis- pensable feature, and the people and the city government would gladly have con- tinued him in some office connected with city business, had he not modestly but resolutely insisted that younger men should now assume the burdens he had so consci- entiously and faithfully borne. His elec- tion to the various offices had always been without opposition, and he was often sig- nificantly designated as the “ unanimous S. B.” He was a father to the orphan and a counselor and friend to the widow. Every mayor and member of the city gov- ernment during his long term of office- holding had reason to be grateful to him BASSETT. for information furnished and for kindly and thoughtful suggestions. During the civil war he was an active friend of the soldier and his family. In every position he was a trusted public SAMUEL BASSETT. servant. During ten years he was one of the assessors, and thus became familiar with the value of property, as well as boundaries and titles. He was the first treasurer of the Chelsea Savings Bank, elected in 1854, serving until his declination in July, 1874, and for many years was one of the trustees. He was an active member and executive officer of the “Ornamental Tree Society,” which has added so much to the beauty of Chel- sea’s streets. This tribute is inserted here, without the knowledge of Mr. Bassett, as his fellow- citizens feel that it is his due that he should appear in, as he has most emphati- cally been, “‘Onr or A THOUSAND.” BASSETT, WILLIAM GARRY, the son of Manning B. and Julia A. (Tyler) Bas- sett, was born at North Haven, New Haven county, Conn., January 31, 1843. He received his early education in the district schools of his native town, then at Hudson River Institute, Claverack, New York. He was prepared for college at Hopkins grammar school, New Haven, BATCHELDER., 45 Conn. Entering Yale College in 1861, he remained until 1863. His first connection in business was as a lawyer in Easthampton, Mass., in 1867, which profession he followed in that town until 1883, when he removed his office to Northampton. In 1878 he was appointed judge of the probate court for Hampshire county, the duties of which office, with his practice of law in Northampton, fully occupy his time. In 1874 he was elected as representative to the Legislature. He was master of the Ionic Masonic Lodge at Easthampton. His present resi- dence is Northampton. Judge Bassett was married at Easthamp- ton in July, 1881, to Mary B., the daugh- ter of Rev. Aaron M. and Zeruiah E. (Gould) Colton of Easthampton. They have no children. BATCHELDER, CARLOS, son of Kim- ball and Armenia (Stearns) Batchelder, was born in Conway, Franklin county, January 16, 1829. His early education was confined to the district school and academy. At the age of twenty-five he engaged in farming and dealt quite extensively in live stock. He is now president and director of the Conway National Bank, county commissioner, insurance agent, and pur- chaser of railroad supplies. Mr. Batchelder was married in Buckland, May 28, 1851, to Minerva A, daughter of William and Eunice (Sherman) Forbes. Of this union were four children: William K., Frederick C., Minnie E., and Carrie Batchelder (the last two deceased). Mr. Batchelder has filled the various municipal offices in the gift of his fellow- townsmen, has been assessor and select- man ten years, and county commissioner fifteen years. He represented his district in the House of Representatives 1870. He is a notary public, trustee of Conway Savings Bank, and also of the Conway public library. His church connections are with the Congregational society, of which church he is treasurer and member of prudential committee. BATCHELDER, JOHN HENRY, son of Henry and Abigail (Mann) Batchelder, was born in Beverly, Essex county, January 16, 1817. ; He received his early educational train- ing in the public and private schools of his native town, and at the Theological Insti- tute, New Hampton, N. H. He entered busi- 46 BATCHELLER. ness life as a clerk with J. G & W. Kit- tredge, coal and iron merchants, Lowell. Afterwards he was messenger in the Merchants Bank, Boston, and later on was engaged in trading with the Indians in the northwest territory. He finally studied for and adopted the profession of dentistry, and has been in successful practice for many years. Dr. Batchelder was married in Wisconsin Territory, October 22, 1839, to Jane Reed, daughter of Elisha and Mary Butler (Bass) Smith, of Boston. Of this union were six children: Henry E., Frank L., Florence P., Elizabeth W., (now wife of Charles S. Osgood,) Nelly A., (now wife of John T. Hassam,) and Jennie P. Batchelder. Mrs. Osgood and Mrs. Hassam are the only sur- viving children. Dr. Batchelder has been president of the American Academy of Dental Science, president of the Massachusetts Dental So- ciety, and fellow of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science. He was a member of the board of alder- men for the city of Salem four years, three years president of the board, and a portion of the time acting mayor. He was also member of the common council five years, chairman of the board of health three years, and member of the school board of Salem. He was member of the House of Rep- resentatives 1866—’67. The family of Mrs. Batchelder were of the Hanover branch of the Smith family. Of this branch were Admiral Joseph Smith, U.S.N., Albert Smith, M. C., and Lieuten- ant William B, Cushing, U.S. N. BATCHELLER, BROOKS TRULL, son of Joseph and Hannah (Trull) Batcheller, was born in Billerica, Middlesex county, January 7, 1813. Joseph Batcheller, his father, was captain in the war of 1812, re- celving his commission from Governor Brooks, in whose memory the name of “Brooks” was given the subject of this sketch. His early education was obtained in the public schools. His first connection in business was as proprietor of a stage line from Boston to Lowell. Later he became interested in stabling and livery business, in Boston, under the firm name of Wildes & Batchel- ler. Mr. Batcheller was married in Boston, August 13, 1838, to Rachel, daughter of John and Rachel (House) Dodge, (Edge- comb, Maine). Of this union were four children: Rachel A., who died in infancy, BATES. Abby A., who died in Providence, R. IL. in 1880, Warren M., and Lizzie M. Batcheller. Mr. Batcheller is trustee of Lexington Ministerial Fund, and vice-president and director of Lexington Savings Bank. In 1866 he was one of the Boston assessors, he residing at the time in that city. He was a member of the state Senate from the 6th Middlesex district, in 1874. He has retired from active business and resides in Lexington. BATES, ARLO, son of Niran and Susan (Thaxter) Bates, was born in East Machias, Washington county, Maine, December 16, 1850. His early education was secured in the schools of his native place, where he fitted for college. He was graduated from Bowdoin in the class of 1876. During his college course he was a portion of the time engaged in teaching. In his senior year Mr. Bates edited the “ Bowdoin Orient,” and coming to Boston in the fall of his graduating year, entered upon his career as a man of letters, caring more for the work itself than for the rewards or honor it might bring. He has been suc- cessful, but his success has only shown what talent, industry and patience will accomplish. Mr. Bates’s ideals are high, and it cannot be said that he has ever aimed at mere popularity. He is a con- scientious and independent writer, and by discipline has laid the foundation for a future of high rank as a writer of fiction. After settling in Boston, for two years, 1878 and ’79, he edited the “ Broadside,” an independent political sheet, writing also occasionally for the magazines. In 1880 he took the editorial chair of the “ Sunday Courter,” which he still holds. Besides his regular journalistic work, he has contributed to the “Boston Adver- tiser,” “ Providence Journal” (as regular correspondent), and “Literary World,” writing for the latter at one time a column called “A Bookworm’s Waymarks ;” also to the “Century,” “ Lippincott’s,” “ Scrib- ner’s,” “Wide Awake,” “Outing,” “St. Nicholas,” and others. Mr. Bates’s first book was “ Patty’s Per- versities ” (1881) in an anonymous “ Round Robin Series,” his other volumes thus far being “Mr. Jacobs” (1883), a parody which ran through eight editions, ‘The Pagans” (1884), “A Wheel of Fire” (1885), “Berries of the Brier” (1386), a book of poems, “Sonnets in Shadow” (1887), “A Lad’s Love,”” same year, “Prince Vance” (with Eleanor Putnam), and “ The Philistines,” both in 1888. BATES. In addition to these works Mr. Bates has printed in the “Courier” two serial stories, ‘‘ Mona and Hilo” and * The Ties of Blood.” In 1886 he edited “Old Salem,” a book left unfinished by his wife at her death. In many ways Mr. Bates’s career is representative and in all ways interesting and encouraging to younger authors. Mr. Bates was married in Brunswick, Me., September 5, 1882, to Harriet L., daughter of George L. and Abba (Thomp- son) Vose. Her pen name (Eleanor Put- nam) is familiar to littérateurs. Her “Woodland Wooing,” published since her death, is a book of great charm and beauty. Mrs. Bates died March 13, 1886, leaving one son, Oric. BATES, THEODORE CORNELIUS, son of Elijah and Sarah (Fletcher) Bates, was born in North Brookfield, Worcester coun- ty, June 4, 1843. His early education was received in the common and high schools of his native town, and at Pinkerton Academy, Derry, N. H. In the latter school he fitted for college, but did not take up his college connection, going into business instead. He was in business in Boston until 1876, since which time he has been engaged in Worcester in the manufacture of corsets (The Worcester Corset Company), retain- ing his residence, however, in North Brook- field, the town of his birth. Mr. Bates was married in North Brook- field, December 24, 1868, to Emma Fran- ces Duncan of that town, daughter of Charles and Tryphosa (Lakin) Duncan. Of this union is one child, Tryphosa Dun- can Bates, born in North Brookfield, April 14, 1876. Mr. Bates has been quite a prominent factor in the recent history of the Repub- lican party in this State, being continually called upon to serve his town, county, and state in some official and political capac- ity. He was a member of the House of Representatives from North Brookfield in 1879, serving on the celebrated retrench- ment committee He was also chairman of the committee on claims, on the part of the House. He was member of the Senate in 1883, serving as chairman on railroad, prison, and state-house commit- tees. He declined a unanimous renomi- nation both to the House and Senate on account of his numerous business engage- ments. He is now,and has been for sev- eral years, chairman of the executive committee of the Republican state central committee, declining the chairmanship of the committee, as he could not devote the BATES. Ay necessary time to it. He has been chair- man of the executive committee of the Worcester county Republican committee for many years, and has been an energetic leader and a strong support in the building up and maintaining the powerful influence so long exerted by that county in all mat- ters relating to the affairs of the Common- wealth. While a member of the House in 1879 he was never absent from his seat when a vote was taken. ‘The same applies to his service in the Senate in 1883—he never missed a vote during the entire seven months of that memorable “ Butler” year, when the Legislature did not adjourn until the last week in July. He was elected as a delegate to the national Republican convention, held in Chicago, in 1884, for the oth or the Worcester congressional district. He was elected by the Legislature a state director of the Boston & Albany Railroad Company in 1880, and served in that capacity until the Commonwealth sold its stock in that corporation. He was THEODORE C. BATES. appointed by Governor Oliver Ames a member of the state board of health, and is now a member of that board. He was appointed by President Hayes commissioner for the State of Massachu- 48 BAXTER. setts for the proposed World’s Fair in 1883, of which General U. S, Grant was elected president ; and Mr. Bates was elected as a member of the executive committee from New England. He has been for many years prominently identified with the great manufacturing interests of Massachusetts and New Eng- land, being a director in several large cor- porations, and for several years he has been president of the Corset Manufactur- ers’ Association of the United States. He has ever been one of the foremost in any matters relating to the public wel- fare of his native town He was especi- ally interested and largely influential in the founding of the free public brary and reading room. He is chairman of the board of trustees of this institution, and for its maintenance, in addition to numerous other contributions, he donated to the town his salary while in both branches of the Legislature. He took a very active part in the early promotion of the North Brookfield Railroad, as clerk and director, which positions he now holds ; and probably the railroad would never have been constructed but for his untiring energy and personal work. He was chair- man of the committee elected by the town to publish the town history of North Brookfield. This work, which is acknowl- edged by the highest authorities to be one of the best of its kind ever published, was completed and published in 1887, and reflects great credit upon all engaged in its compilation and production. It is a most thorough and critically accurate work ; it was several times rewritten and a large part of it revised and reprinted at great expense, and occupied ten years in its preparation and completion, and it is regarded as a model town history of New England. . True to his friends, loyal to his party, ardently devoted to his native town, he has been a conspicuous and faithful mem- ber of that great body of intelligent citi- zens who control the destinies of the State. BAXTER, GEORGE LEWIS, son of William W. and Ann E, (Weld) Baxter, was born in (Quincy, Norfolk county, October 21, 1842. In the public schools of his native town he fitted for Harvard College, where he graduated in 1863, and immediately began to teach in a private school in Boston, From April to December, 1864, he was principal of the Reading high school, and then accepted the position of principal of the high school at Plymouth, which he held till July, 1867, when he became prin- BEALS. cipal of the high school of Somerville, a position which he still occupies. On the r8th of July, 1872, Mr. Baxter was married, in Somerville, to Ida F,, daughter of Wiliam and Sarah E. L. (Berry) Paul. They have one child, Greg- ory Paul Baxter. Mr. Baxter has been associate corporator and trustee of the Somerville Savings Bank since its incorporation. He is secre- tary of the John Abbot Lodge A. F. & A. M., and of the Somerville Chapter of R. A. Masons. BEALS, ELIAS S., was born in Wey- mouth, Norfolk county, October 20, 1814. He is the son of Lewis and Sarah S. ELIAS S BEALS. (Harding) Beals, and is descended in direct line from John Beal, who came from England in the “ Diligent,” arriving in Bos- ton, August 10, 1638. Mr. Beals had no early educational ad- vantages other than what the common schools of those days offered. When a boy he worked at masonry with his father, for three years, At eighteen years of age he learned shoe-making, and for a few years worked at cutting and making shoes for neighboring manufacturers. His first speculative venture was a_ trading voyage South, with a cargo of boots and shoes consigned to him, or sold him on BEALS. credit, for the southern market. His ven- ture was successful, and the fact of his being a young, inexperienced man, with- out capital, shows the confidence reposed in his integrity. Upon his return to Weymouth he began in asmall way the manufacture of boots and shoes, and soon connected with this industry a small store of general merchan- dise. Later on he built a factory at Tou- cey’s Corners, and continued as manufac- turer and merchant till 1849, when he connected himself with others in a jobbing boot and shoe trade in New Orleans. Some two years later he returned to Wey- mouth, built a large factory, and carried on an extensive business, catering princi- pally to the southern trade. When the war of the rebellion destroyed his trade, he gave up manufacturing. In 1850 Mr. Beals met with misfortune in his business affairs. He at the time obtained a full and free discharge from all liabilities, but he never considered an equitable adjust- ment finally made until in 1885, when, again becoming prosperous, he of his own free will repaid, with interest, the amount left in his hands as working capital by those to whom he was some thirty-five years ago indebted. It is a striking evi- dence-of the changes which occur in busi- ness affairs, that among the forty firms to whom he desired to send his check, only one man was found living and doing busi- ness who was in active business at the time of his embarrassment in 1850. Mr. Beals served as selectman in Wey- mouth 1855 and ’56; has been a director at different times in two national banks, and has been for several years president of the North Weymouth Improvement Asso- ciation. In 1859 he was a member of the State Legislature, and assisted in the re- vision of the laws of the Commonwealth which were published as “The General Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts.” In 1862 he was appointed internal revenue assessor for the second district of Massachusetts, and was after- wards appointed to travel as special agent for the treasury department to instruct internal revenue officers in the discharge of their duties ; serving in these two offices over five years. In 1888 he presented North Weymouth with a beautiful public park. In 1878 he made a tour through Europe, and while on the trip contributed a series of letters to the “ Weymouth Gazette.” He is now senior member of the boot and shoe house of Beals, Torrey & Co. of BEALS, 49 Milwaukee and Boston, and is a director in the National Mortgage and Debenture Co, of Boston ; and he also acts under his sixth commission as justice of the peace, having been first appointed in 1850. Mr. Beals was married July 27, 1837, to Betsey, daughter of Ancil and Eliza Bur- rell of Weymouth. Of this union were five children : Augustus, Elizabeth, Frank, James and Mary S. The first four are now living. BEALS, JOHN MURRAY, was born in Stoughton, Norfolk county, March 24, 1847. His family removed to Braintree JOHN M. BEALS. when he was one year old. He was edu- cated in the public schools of Braintree. At the time of the outbreak of the war of the rebellion, although he was too young to enlist, yet, filled with the spirit of pat- riotism, he accompanied company C, 4th regiment, as drummer boy, from Braintree to Boston. At the age of sixteen he entered the wholesale boot and shoe store of Holbrook, Hobart & Porter, in Boston, and afterwards was with Nelson Emmons & Co., with whom he remained until the great fire in that city. Soon after he formed a co-partner- ship with J. Anson Guild, of Brooklyn, and since that time has been engaged in the Jeather business, with offices in Boston. 50 BEARD. He was married to Eliza A. Follansbee, in Boston, January 1, 1873, who died August 16, 1888, and had one child, Her- bert N. Beals, who died in its sixth year. Mr. Beals has sought no public nor polit- ical office, but has been one of the auditors of the town for twelve years, which office he now holds, and is also one of the trus- tees (elected by the town) of the public library. He takes great interest in public affairs, and is strongly identified with everything that pertains to the welfare and prosperity of Braintree, and is considered as one of the leading young men of that vicinity. BEARD, ALANSON WILDER, son of James and Chloe Bartlett (Wilder) Beard, was born in Ludlow, Windsor county, Vt., August 20, 1825. His parents removed to Stockbridge, in 1835, where he was bred to a farmer's life. His educational train- ing was obtained in the public schools and at home. From seventeen to twenty-one years of age he taught public and private schools. He began business life as proprietor of a country store at Pittsfield, Vt., in the spring of 1847; sold out his interest in April, 1853; removed to Boston and en- tered into the wholesale clothing business in September of the latter year, as sales- man for Whiting, Kehoe & Galloupe. Leaving them, he commenced a business on his own account in the spring of 1856, and continued in wholesale clothing till 1879. He is now interested in the clothing business, with stores in Lowell, Lawrence and other places. Mr. Beard was married in Wayland, November 27, 1848, to Mary Calista, daughter of Harvey and Sophia (Roberts) Morgan. Of this union were three children : James Wallace (deceased), Amherst Wilder (deceased), and Charles Freeland Beard. Mr. Beard has been a greater portion of the time since 1847 in public life. He held various town offices in Pittsfield, Vt., from 1847 to 1853; was postmaster from 1848 to 1854; member of Republican state central committee of Massachusetts, 1864, 65, 66, 83 and ’84; chairman, 1875 and 76, and again in 1885 ; member of House of Representatives from Brookline in 1870 and ’71, and from Boston in 1884 and ’85 ; chairman of committee on mercantile affairs, 1870; of prisons, 1871; taxation, 1884, and of finance, 1885. He was a member of the finance committee all the years while a member of the House. Mr. Beard is identified with the law passed in 1881 exempting real estate mort- BELCHER. gage notes from taxation, having com- menced the agitation in the Legislature of 1871, and followed it up with successive Legislatures. He was delegate to the national Repub- lican convention in Chicago, in 1868, also in 1888 ; member of the committee on plat- form, and one of the sub-committee to draft the same, in 1888. He was collector of the port of Boston four years, having been appointed in 1878. He was state treasurer of the Commonwealth, 1886, ’87 and ’88, when he declined the re-nomina- tion to the office. Mr. Beard has been a staunch Republican since the formation of the party. Asa party leader, he is wise in counsel, original in conception, shrewd in management, and fearless in execution of those plans which he believes will result in prosperity to the city, the state and the nation. BELCHER, ORLANDO F., son of Wil- liam B. and Esther G. (Fuller) Belcher, was born in North Chelsea, Suffolk county, October 15, 1344. His education during ORLANDO F. BELCHER. his early years was limited to the common schools of his native place. He began business life as a manufacturer of boot-heels. His genius took a mechani- cal turn,and he soon became the patentee and manufacturer of the Belcher automatic BELLAMY. cartridge loader, which in 1886 was sold to the United States Cartridge Com- pany. For the past twenty years Mr. Belcher has been active in the development of vari- ous real estate interests on the northerly shore of Boston Harbor. Eighteen years ago he purchased the tract of land in Win- throp now known as Cottage Park, and began to improve the same in 1881, Later he bought the famous General William F, Bartlett estate, near by, and the Beacon Villa property. These three properties are said to be the finest in Winthrop, specially adapted for sites intended for sea-shore resorts. These unique watering-places are only twenty-five minutes’ ride from the heart of the city, and bid fair to become attractive and permanent residences of great value, it being the intention of Mr. Belcher to solicit and welcome the patronage only of those who would make the resort, in every respect, unexceptionable. Mr. Belcher was married in Winthrop, October 16, 1883, to Lizzie D., daughter of Nathaniel and Lois L. (Whittier) Lunt. BELLAMY, EDWARD, was born in Chi- copee Falls, Hampden county, March 26, 1850. His early education was received in the common and high schools of his native place, but his education proper, that which prepared him for his life work, was obtained by unlimited miscellaneous reading. His only attendance at any academic or colle- giate institution was one term at Union Col- lege, 1867-8. Leaving this institution, he spent a year in Europe. On his return he studied law in the office of Leonard & Wells, Springfield, and was admitted to the Hampen county bar in 1871. But while he saw fit to enrich his educa- tional store with one of the learned profes- sions, his tastes were foreign to the practice of law. His was pre-eminently the author's vocation. In 1871-'72 Mr. Bellamy was outside editorial contributor to the “New York Evening Post ;"” editorial writer on the staff of the “ Springfield Daily Union,” 187277, and with an associate he founded the “Springfield Daily News” in 1880. The genius of Mr. Bellamy is best shown, however, in his works of fiction, to which he is now devoting his time. As a writer of novels, and a general magazine contribu- tor, he has suddenly come to the front, and earned an enviable position in public ap- preciation, His principal works are: “A Nantucket Idyl” (G. P. Putnam’s Sons), “Dr. Heidenhoff’s Process” (D. Apple- ton & Co.), “Miss Ludington’s Sister,” BENNETT. ou and Co.). Mr. Bellamy was married at Chicopee Falls, May 30, 1881, to Emma A. Sander- son, and has two children, BENNETT, JAMES W., son of Nathaniel G. and Sallie L. Bennett, was born at Newmarket, Rockingham county, N. EL. March at, 1833. _ He obtained a country school education in the towns of Stratton and Epping, N. H. Afterwards he attended Franklin grammar school, Lowell. After working a short time for other firms, he, in August, 1848, went into the “Looking Backward” (Ticknor & JAMES W. BENNETT. employ of Abraham Matthews, a carpenter in the city of Lowell. He next went into business as partner with Mr. Matthews, April 4, 1858, staying with him till August 12, 1858; then went into business alone, at his present location, as contractor and builder, and continued there until May, 1881, when the firm of J. W. Bennett & Co, was formed, by the addition of George A. Bennett, his brother, and Fred W. Bennett, his son. The present business of the firm is contracting and building, and agents for the materials of the New England Felt Roofing Company, for Lowell and vicinity. Mr. Bennett’s first marriage was in March, 1857. His second marriage, March, 1874, 52 BENNETT. was with Josephine A., daughter of John S. and Sylvia E. Bassett. Their children are Fred W. and Ethel F. Bennett. BENNETT, JOSEPH, son of William and Charlotte Bennett, was born at Bridgton, Cumberland county, Maine, May 26, 1840. He received his early education at the district school in Sweden, Maine, and pre- pared for college at the Bridgton Academy JOSEPH BENNETT. and the Boston Latin school. He entered Bowdoin College with the class of 1864, withdrawing in junior year, and subse- quently receiving from the college the degree of A. B., out of course, After studying law in the office of Asa Cottrell, in Boston, he was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1866, circuit court bar in 1868, and to the United States supreme court in 1882, He has practiced law in Boston since 1866, and is special justice of the Brighton district municipal court. Mr. Bennett was married April 26, 1866, at Boston, to Elizabeth R., daughter of John and Mary (Harding) Lafavour. They have three children: Joseph I., Frederick S. and Mary E. Bennett. In 1879 Mr. Bennett was elected a mem- ber of the House of Representatives. In 1881-82 he was a member of the State BENT. Senate, being made chairman of the com- mittees on taxation, election laws, and division of the State into congressional dis- tricts. He also served upon committees on probate and chancery, and judiciary, Mr. Bennett has been a member of the Boston school board, and for several years a member of the school committee of Brigh- ton, one of the trustees of the Holton lib- rary, and trial justice in Middlesex county at the time of the annexation of Brighton to Boston. BENT, GEORGE C., was born in Lud- low, Windsor county, Vermont, July 17, 1848. His childhood was principally spent in the neighboring town of Cavendish, as a farmer’s son. He early showed remark- able fondness for study, but how to ac- quire the means to fulfill his youthful ambition for a liberal education was the problem that confronted him. Having passed the public schools, at the age of eighteen he began teaching in the common schools of his state. He was eminently successful. By teaching, and performing whatever of manual labor came to hand during vacations, he man- aged to attend an academy six months in each year until he had fitted himself for college. This academic education he re- ceived from Black River Academy, Lud- low, Green Mountain Institute, Woodstock, Vermont, and Dean Academy, Franklin, Mass. He graduated from the last named with the class of 1871. He was at once elected president of the Dean Alumni Association, and two years later delivered the commencement day ora- tion at this institution. He was admitted to Tufts College, but having received an offer to take charge of the high school at Machias, Me., he accepted, and thus lost the opportunity of a college training. He remained in charge of the Machias high school four years, a full measure of suc- cess attending his efforts. In 1875 he resigned this position, and came to Boston, where he entered upon the study of law, with Heman W. Chaplin. He was ad- mitted to the Suffolk bar, 1876. He then moved to Cambridge and opened law offices both in Boston and Cambridge, where he has continued in practice. Mr. Bent has always been prominently identified with the Republican party. He has repeatedly served the city of Cam- bridge as chairman of the ward and city committee, and as member of the com- mon council 1880-’83. He served in the General Court for three years, 1884-’5-’6, representing ward two, Cambridge, with BICKNELL. no loss of reputation as a faithful public official — always serving on important com- mittees. He is a prominent society man, being a member of Amicable Lodge F. & A. M., St. Andrew’s R. A. Chapter, Boston Coun- cil Royal and Select Masters, Royal Ar- canum, American Legion of Honor, Ancient Order United Workmen, Order of United Friends, Cambridge Benevolent Associa- tion, and Mass. Tribe of Improved Order of Red Men. Mr. Bent was married in 1875 to Mat- tie A., daughter of Rev. N. C. Hodgdon. BICKNELL, ALBION HARRIS, son of Nehemiah B. and Louisa (Drew) Bicknell, was born in Turner, Androscoggin county, Maine, March 18, 1837. His early education was received at the public schools, and, as soon as circumstan- ces would permit, he devoted himself to the profession of an artist with all the zeal which had been gathering through years of earnest desire, and with a success which very soon demonstrated his choice to have been almost a necessity of nature. On the 2oth of July, 1875, he was mar- ried, in Somerville, to Margaret Elizabeth, daughter of Oliver W. and Sarah (Simp- son) Peabody. At present he resides in Malden. When only twenty years of age, Mr. Bicknell was well established in Boston as a portrait painter, but desire for studying art in foreign countries induced him to go abroad, and in 1861 he crossed the Atlantic, and entered the studio of Thomas Couture and L’Feole des Beaux-Arts, where he remained an earnest student for two years, and afterwards spent two years in visiting art centres of Europe, and in the pursuance of his studies. In 1864 he returned to America and again opened a studio in Boston. Among the many well-known portraits which he has painted may be mentioned those of Horace Mann, Henry Wilson, Anson Burlingame, Chief Justice Isaac F. Redfield, Lot M. Morrill, the latter for the treasury department at Washington, and a duplicate of the same for the state capitol of Maine, where also may be seen his full length portrait of Abraham Lincoln. “ Lin- coln at Gettysburg” and “ The Battle of Lexington” are, perhaps, among the best known of Mr. Bicknell’s historical pictures —the former containing twenty-two life- size portraits in full length. Through the generosity of the Hon. E. S. Converse this painting is now the property of the Malden public library. BICKNELL., 53 Mr. Bicknell is also well known as a landscape painter, etcher, and worker in black and white. In 1882 a special exhibi- tion of his works was given in the rooms of the Society of Artists, London, and the well deserved honorary degree of A. M, was conferred upon him in 1884 by the Colby University. BICKNELL, THOMAS WILLIAMS, son of Allen and Harriet Byron (Kinnicutt) Bicknell, was born in Barrington, Bristol county, R. I., September 6, 1834. Mr. Bicknell’s education was obtained in the public schools of his native State until he was sixteen years of age. In 1850 he entered Thetford Academy, Vt., then under the principalship of Hiram Orcutt, LL. D., and was graduated from this insti- tution, with the Greek oration, in the class of 1853. He entered Amherst College the same year, but at the close of his first year went West, teaching one year in Illinois, and returning East, taught a high school in Rehoboth, for two years. In 1857 Mr. Bicknell entered the sophomore class of Brown University, and was graduated with the degree of A. M., in 1860, under the presidency of Rev. Dr. Barnas Sears. In 1859 Mr. Bicknell was elected from his native town to the Rhode Island Legis- lature, and served in that body during his senior year in Brown University. In 1860 he was elected principal of the high school, Bristol, R. I., occupying that position five years, and afterwards holding the position of principal of Arnold Street grammar school, Providence, four years. In 1869 he was appointed commissioner of the public schools of Rhode Island, and held the office until 1875. His power was immediately felt in the state, and sweep- ing reforms without revolution, a rapid ad- vance in public sentiment, favoring liberal legislation and increased appropriations, were the immediate results of his adminis- tration. In 1875 Mr. Bicknell founded and be- came the editor of the ‘* Journal of Educa- tion,” and with this he established and published the “ Primary Teacher,” * Good Times,” and the bi-monthly international magazine, “ Education.” All these educa- tional works are having to-day a most successful mission in their peculiar field. The bureau of education, now in charge of Dr. Hiram Orcutt, was established by Mr. Bicknell in 1876. He has been president of the American Institute of Instruction, National Council of Education, National ‘Teachers’ Associa- tion, Rhode Island Sunday-school Union, 54 BIDWELL. Boston Sunday-school Superintendents’ Union, Massachusetts Sunday-school As- sociation, New England Sunday-school Union, International Sunday-school Union, Bicknell Family Association, Interstate Commission on Education, Chautauqua Teachers’ Reading Union, and the New England Publishing Company. He was a member of the General Court of 1889, chairman of House committee on education, serving as a member also of the committee on woman suffrage. Mr. Bicknell was married in Rehoboth, September 5, 1860, to Amelia Davie, daughter of Christopher and Chloe (Car- penter) Blanding. Of this union was one child: Martha E. Bicknell. His residence is Boston, where he is engaged in import- ant financial interests. Mr. Bicknell has been actively identified with the Republican party since its forma- tion in 1856. He has been engaged in educational work in all its departments as a teacher, school officer, editor, writer and lecturer, since 1854, and has advocated and been a leader in most of the advanced educational movements of the day. In church and Sunday-school work he has been equally prominent and influential, taking advanced grounds in the lberal Congregational movements of the last ten years. His advocacy of temperance, woman suffrage, and other reforms has been vigorous, intelligent and sincere. BIDWELL, MARSHALL S., son of Bar- nabas and Betsey (Curtis) Bidwell, was born August 24, 1824, at South Tyringham, now Monterey, Berkshire county. After a common school education he continued his studies at the Lenox Academy, and began mercantile life in 1846, since which time his attention has been divided between farming and various mercantile pursuits. On the 23d of November, 1845, at Mon- terey, Mr. Bidwell was married to Anna A., daughter of Samuel and Amelia (Bigelow) Tibballs, who died November 4, 1856. Their children were: Hattie A., Amelia A., and Sarah Louisa Bidwell. On the sth of January, 1858, Mr. Bidwell was again mar- ried to Sophia P., daughter of John D. and Luna 5. (Welch) Bidwell. Their children are: William 5., and Orlando C. Bidwell. The last four are still living, Hattie A. dying in 1866, aged twenty years. For many years Mr. Bidwell has held various town offices in his native place, Monterey, where he still resides, and is at present chairman of the board of selectmen. He also represented his district in the Gen- BIGELOW. eral Court in the year 1881, and has been an ardent laborer with the Y. M. C. A., and an earnest supporter of religious and _phil- anthropic institutions. He is a descendant of the Rev. Adonijah Bidwell, first pastor of the church at Mon- terey. He is the heaviest tax-payer in his town, his property being largely invested in real estate. BIGELOW, HENRY JACOB, son of the late Jacob Bigelow, M. D., of Boston, and Mary (Scollay) Bigelow, was born in Bos- ton, March 11, 1818. He received his early training at the Boston Latin school, and having completed his preparatory course, entered Harvard College, from which he graduated with the class of 1837. Under his father’s direction he began the study of medicine, attending also the regular medical course at Harvard University. At the expiration of three years, his health becoming injured by close application to study, he visited Europe, but returned in 1841 to receive the degree of M. D. He went back to Europe after receiving his diploma, and remained three years, spending the greater part of the time in Paris. He visited other important centres of medical instruction on the con- tinent and in Great Britain, and made a trip to the East. Returning to Boston in 1844, he was appointed the following year a teacher in surgery in the Tremont Street medical school, succeeding to the vacancy caused by the resignation of Dr. Reynolds. This position he held until the school was united with the medical school of Harvard Uni- versity. In 1846 he was appointed sur- geon to the Massachusetts General Hos- pital, and after forty years of service, resigned his position in 1886. In 1849 he was appointed professor of surgery and clinical surgery in Harvard University, filling the chairs for nearly twenty years without an assistant, and remained as pro- fessor of surgery until 1884. Dr. Bigelow’s attainments in medical science have won for him membership in many leading American and European societies. As a writer, Professor Bigelow’s influence has been far-reaching and effec- tive. He made the original announcement of the discovery of modern anesthesia, in 1846, and was always an advocate of the claims of Dr. Morton, deciding the ques- tion ‘What constitutes Dr. Morton’s dis- covery?” by a reference to scientific precedent. Dr. Bigelow was the author of various mechanical appliances which have been BIGELOW. adopted by the medical profession and by various leading hospitals; among which are a lithotrite and evacuator, an operating chair and an autopsy table. The following are among the best known of Dr. Bigelow’s publications, and mostly relate to novelties :— “ Manual of Orthope- dic Surgery” (1845); “ Fragments of Med- ical Science and Art” (1846); “ Insensi- bility during Surgical Operations — pro- duced by Inhalation” (Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1846) ; “On a New Physical Sign, a Clicking in the Throat” (Ibid. 1847); “Aneesthetic Agents, their modes of Exhibition and Physiological Effects” (Trans. Am. Med. Ass., 1848); “Etherization. A Compendium of its History, Surgical Use, Dangers and Dis- covery” (1848); “On the Employment of a New Agent in the Treatment of Stricture of the Urethra” (B. M.& 5S. J., 1849); “Dr. Harlow’s Case of Crowbar Injury to the Head” (Phila. Med. Jour., HENRY J. BIGELOW. 1850); “Rhigolene, a Petroleum Naph- tha for producing Anesthesia by Freez- ing” {B, M. & S&S. JL, 2866}; “New and Successful Operation for Un-united Fractures, with Cases” (Ibid. 1867) ; “ Ni- trous Oxide Gas for Surgical Purposes in 1848” (Ibid, 1868); “ Fracture and Dis- location of the Hip” (Boston, 1869) ; BILL. 55 “Medical Education in America. Address before Massachusetts Medical Society” (1871); “Death by Chloroform and Al- leged Death by Ether” (B. M. & S. J., 1872); “Alleged Death from Ether ; Let- ter to Editor British Medical Journal” (Ibid. 1873) ; “ Turbinated Corpora Caver- nosa”’ (Ibid. 1875) ; “The True Neck of the Femur; its Structure and Pathology ” (Ibid. 1875) ; “Centennial Article on the Discovery of Anzsthesia, in ‘A Century of American Medicine,’” (Phila, 1876) ; “New Methods and Treatment of Ex- trophy of the Bladder and Erectile Tu- mors” (B. M. & S. J., 1876); “ Lithola- paxy” (Boston, 1878); ‘ Litholapaxy ; an Improved Evacuator” (B. M. & 5. J., 1880) ; “The Code of Ethics adopted by the Massachusetts Medical Society; A Minority Report” (Ibid. 1880) ; “A Sim- plified Evacuator for Litholapaxy’”’ (Ibid. 1883); “A Radical Cure for Umbilical Hernia” (Ibid. 1889); “Fees in Hospitals” (Ibid. 1889); “An Old Portrait of a Sur- geon”’ (Ibid. 1889). BILL, LEDYARD, son of Gurdon and Lucy (Yerrington) Bill, was born in Led- yard, New London county, Conn., May 14, 1836. He obtained a common school and aca- demic training. At the age of sixteen he traveled in Canada and the United States, selling books; located in the book-pub- lishing business in Louisville, Ky., in 1857 ; on the breaking out of the civil war his business was destroyed and he went to Cleveland, Ohio; thence to New York, where he remained until 1872, engaged in publishing. On June 12, 1872, he married, in Brook- lyn, N. Y., Sophie, daughter of Ralph and Adaline E. (Bigelow) Earle. They have three children: Frederick L., Bertha E., and Lucy S. Bill. Mr, Bill settled in Paxton in 1874, where he has since resided. Town business employs such of his time as is not given to leisure or authorship. He has written several works, the latest being a history of Paxton. ~ In 1864 Mr. Bill was commissioned lieutenant in the Howitzer battery of the irth brigade of the National Guard, New York. He was commissioner to the World’s Fair, Hamburg, 1862; ten years on the local school board of Pax- ton, and ten years chairman of the board of selectmen; and has also served as one of the overseers of the poor. At the last election he declined further town office. 56 BILLINGS. BILLINGS, GILBERT M., son of Wm. L. and Eunice E. (Kelly) Billings, was born in Blackstone, Worcester county, Feb- ruary 18,1853. He went to Milford when nine years of age, attended the public schools and graduated from the high school in 1869. He passed an examination for Brown University, but illness prevented his attendance. He spent several months in a general store at Elizabethtown, N. Y., after which he was a book-keeper one year at the boot factory of Underwood, Sons & Fisher, in Milford, until the firm gave up business. For a year he ‘was clerk in a shoe store in Fitchburg, and afterwards book-keeper four years for the firm of Clement, Col- burn & Company, in Milford, followed by six years at the factory of Houghton, Coolidge & Company. In 1882 Mr. Billings, in company with Charles A. King, started the “ Milford Gazette.” In 1885 he purchased the inter- est of Mr. King, and has since conducted the business alone with success. He was married in Milford, November 26, 1874, to Edith L., daughter of George B. Blake. They have oneson: George W. Billings. Mr. Billings has served two terms as trustee of the public library, and has been through the presiding officer’s chair in local lodges of Knights of Honor, Royal Arcanum, and Eastern Associates. BILLINGS, SANFORD WATERS, son of Sanford and Caroline Davis (Waters) Bill- ings, was born in Sharon, Norfolk county, October 3, 1834, on the homestead farm, which has been held in unbroken succession by his paternal ancestors for over a hun- dred and twenty-five years. He comes of sturdy old New England stock, and on the maternal side is descended from Governor Bradford of colonial fame. He received his early education at the schools of his native town, fitted for college at the Opalic Institute at Attleborough, graduating at Amherst College in 1859. The following year he began teaching, organizing the Stoughtonham Institute, which he carried on with success until the establishment of the free high schools in Sharon and the neighborhood, when he was made principal of the Sharon high school, which position he still occupies. He was always active in literary and debating circles. In Amherst he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa, and presi- dent of the Athenian Society, and has re- mained president of the class of 1859 ever since graduation, BIRD. Besides his immediate occupation, he finds time to devote to town affairs, having acted on the school committee for more than twenty years, as justice of the peace — appointed by Governor Andrew in 1861 —as moderator at more than fifty town meetings, and as representative in the state Legislature in 1873 and ’74, where he served on the committee on education. He introduced the bill authorizing cities and towns to provide free text-books in the public schools, and was instrumental in securing the provision of the law in his native town. He is an active worker in church affairs, serving as superintendent of the Con- gregational Sunday-school for twenty years, and for several years he was president of the Norfolk County Temperance Union. He has long been a member of the Repub- lican town committee, and was for many years its chairman. On the 17th of June, 1862, at Sharon, Mr. Billings was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis and Anna (Pierce) Morse. Their two living children are : Abbie Caro- line and Osmond Jesse Billings. Mr. Billings is endeared to hundreds of his former pupils, to whom he has been not only instructor, but, also, counselor and friend. He is a most ardent friend of the soldiers of the Grand Army, and expresses, by both word and act, the high estimation in which he holds their patriotic service. He is pre-eminently a leader in all the educational and moral measures in the town of Sharon, easily holding such a position by reason of natural endowment and Christian training. BIRD, FRANCIS WILLIAM, son of George and Martha (Newell) Bird, was born in Dedham, Norfolk county, October 22, 1809. He attended the public schools of Ded- ham until 1824, then Day's Academy, Wrentham, Isaac Perkins, preceptor. Here he fitted for college, entered Brown Uni- versity, 1827, and was graduated in the class of 1831. He began business as a paper maker in 1833. This industry he has followed and done much to develop, continuing in the same to the present time. He has associ- ated with himself various partners at different times, but always held control of the business, and in 1882 the firm became F.W. Bird & Son. Their mills are at East Walpole, where Mr. Bird now resides. Mr. Bird was first married in Providence, R. L, January 1, 1834, to Rebecca Hill, daughter of Benoni and my (Brown) BIRD. Cooke, who died Feb. 5, 1835. He again married, June 20, 1843, in Boston, Abby Frances, daughter of Joseph R. and Mary (Reynolds) Newell. Of this union were six children: Frances Newell, F. W., Jr. (deceased 1874), Mary Reynolds, Charles Sumner, Caroline Augusta and Rebecca Hill Bird. Mr. Bird was a member of the House of Representatives, 1847, '48,’67,'77, and '78; a member of the state Senate 1871. He was a member of the Executive Council with Governor Boutwell, 1852, and Gover- nor Andrew, 1863, 64 and’65. He was especially active in matters that pertained FRANCIS W. BIRD, tothe general public policy; fought Know- nothingism with a will in 1854; was stren- uously opposed to the Hoosac Tunnel scheme. He has been a typical independ- ent in his political associations. He was a Whig till 1846 ; a Conscience Whig till 1848; Free Soiler tiil 1856; Republican till 1872; Liberal Republican till 1874, and Independent Democrat to date. Mr. Bird was a member of the Massachu- setts Constitutional Convention, 1853. He has ever been a man of great nervous en- ergy and strong individuality. He has the courage of his convictions, and always moves in accordance with their promptings. €1s a man very widely known in com- BIRD. 57 mercial and politica. circles, and probably has enjoyed the friendship of as many of the leading men of the State as any living man. Not a stain rests upon his character, not a suspicion attaches to the sincerity of his purpose. Outliving most of his com- rades who have made the State so illustri- ous by their wise counsel and_ patriotic labors, he still takes a keen and lively in- terest in all that tends to keep Massachu- setts in the van of every philanthropic cause and movement towards true reform. BIRD, SAMUEL BRADFORD, son of Ebenezer and Sally (Knowlton) Bird, was born in Ashby, Middlesex county, Septem- ber 3, 1831. He availed himself of the advantages of the common schools to gain a good English education, and was enabled to fit himself for a teacher of district schools. He taught during the winter months for six years, when he chose farming as his future voca- tion, Mr. Bird was married in Boston, Novem- ber 28, 1861, to Sarah Ann, daughter of Ashbel and Laura (Nichols) Howe. They have no children. Mr. Bird has been member of the Fram- ingham school board twelve years ; mem- ber of the board of selectmen ten years, six years chairman; member of board of assessors twelve years, during nine of which he acted as chairman ; president of Mid- dlesex South Agricultural Society four years; member of board of agriculture nine years ; director of South Framingham National Bank, until he resigned to be- come director of the Framingham National Bank, which position he now holds; vice- president of the Savings Bank; director and treasurer of the Framingham Union Street Railway Company, a road built and equipped largely by the efforts and influ- ence of Mr. Bird; treasurer of the town of Framingham the past four years ; trustee of the public library ; member of the Republi- can state central committee two years; has presided at the town meetings, with few exceptions, for the last fifteen years. He was representative to the General Court 1886 and ’87. Mr. Bird is an active business man, holds various trust funds, commands the respect of his townsmen, and is keenly alive to the interests of Fram- ingham, his present residence. BIRD, WARREN A., son of Charles and Caroline F. (Frost) Bird, was born in Cam- bridge, Middlesex county, October 14, 1837. His early education was acquired in the common schools of Somerville and 58 BISHOP. Natick, and his first business occupation was that of a dealer in coal, and this busi- ness he has continued without change to the present time. On the 8th of July, 1862, Mr. Bird was married in Framingham, to Elvira A., daughter of George L. and Patience Ann (Langley) Sleeper, who died leaving him two children: Alice and Edith J. Bird. Mr. Bird has been active in social and political life, as well as an enthusiastic business man throughout his career. For three years he was one of the selectmen of Natick, where he at present resides. In 1876, 77, and ’83 he represented the town in the House of Representatives, performing diligent and valuable service on the committees to which he was appointed. BISHOP, ROBERT ROBERTS, son of Jonathan P. and Eliza (Harding) Bishop, was born in Medfield, Norfolk county, March 31, 1834. The family moved from Connecticut to Massachusetts, and Mr. Bishop's father was a prominent lawyer in Norfolk county. Mr. Bishop was fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, then under the charge of Dr. Samuel H. Taylor. Ill health, however, prevented him from entering college, and subsequently his plans for the future were changed, and he entered the law office of Brooks & Ball, Boston. With this firm, and subsequently with the Hon. Peleg W. Chandler, supplemented by a regular course at Harvard law school, he received his legal education. He was graduated from the law school in the class of 1857, and spent a year in the office of Mr. Chandler, having been admitted to the Suffolk bar soon after graduation. A year later he opened an office in Boston on his own account, and, in 1861, formed a law partnership with Thornton K. Lothrop, under the firm name _ of Lothrop & Bishop. This partnership was afterwards enlarged by the admission of Arthur Lincoln, as junior partner, and con- tinued until 1879, when it was dissolved. Mr. Bishop was married in Holliston, December 24, 1857, to Mary H., daughter of Elias and Persis (Daniels) Bullard, of Holliston. Of this union are three chil- dren: Robert R., Jr., Elias B. and Joseph T. Bishop. In 1863 Mr. Bishop removed to Newton, his present residence. In 1874 he was a member of the House of Representatives. He declined a re-election. In 1878 he was a member of the state Senate, and again in 1879, 80, ’81 and ’82, At the opening of the Senate in 1880, he received a unani- BLEAKIE. mous election as president, and was re- elected in 188r and ’82. Mr. Bishop’s law practice has been con- cerned largely with important railroad liti- gation. He was for three years engaged in the notable case of the “‘ Berdell Bonds,” involving twenty millions of dollars, and in the organization, by the bond-holders, of the New York & New England Rail- road. In 1875 Mr. Bishop was appointed one of the water commissioners for the con- struction of the water-works of the city of Newton. He has served on the Newton school board, and was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chicago, in 1884. In 1882 Mr. Bishop was a candidate for governor, but was defeated by General Benjamin F. Butler. In 1888 he was appointed an associate justice of the supe- rior Court of Massachusetts, which position he still holds. BLEAKIE, ROBERT, son of John and Mary (Maxwell) Bleakie, was born in Hawick, Roxburgshire, Scotland, August 1, 1833. He came to this country in 1847, with his father, who left Scotland under an engagement with the Amesbury Manu- facturing Company, of Amesbury, to start there the making of fancy cassimeres. Even at that early age of fourteen he had acquired a fair knowledge of weaving, having gone all through the training of bobbin-winding and power-loom weaving, and served an apprenticeship as a hand- loom weaver. So he readily went to work under his father, on the power looms at the Amesbury mills, and at this work he remained until 1852, when, having reached the age of eighteen, and his father giving him his liberty, he left home and found employment at $1.08 per day, at the Elm Street mill in Providence, R. I. He re- mained here until, in 1858, his abilities were recognized by John W. Stitt & Co. of New York, by whom he was engaged to manage their two factories at Franklin, N. J., where he made a great success and was highly appreciated by both employers and em- ployees. In 1860 he received and ac- cepted a tempting offer to return to Rhode Island. The civil war breaking out shortly after disturbed this new arrangement, and Mr. Bleakie was for the time being left without employment. Nothing daunted, and having saved a few thousand dollars from his earnings, he hired a cotton-bat- ting mill in Tolland, Conn., had it fitted as a one-set woolen mill, and started in busi- BLEAKIE. ness for himself. Fortune smiled upon his enterprise, and men having capital were anxious to co-operate with him in manufacturing. A number of Providence business men united to build a large woolen ROBERT BLEAKIE. mill, now known as the Riverside mill, of which Mr. Bleakie was to have the man- agement, and receive one-third of the profits. Before this was completed, how- ever, he became weary of the amount of red tape involved, and the slow progress made, and being offered the management of the Hyde Park Woolen Company’s mill at Hyde Park, he accepted the position, which he retained until 1873, when that mill was destroyed by fire. For the next two years he was employed as an expert, visiting and inspecting a number of mills in New England, till, in 1875, the founda- tion of the present firm of R. Bleakie & Co. was laid by .Robert Bleakie, John S. Bleakie (his brother) and C. F. Allen associating themselves together and taking the Webster mill, Sabattus, Maine, subse- quently adding the Amesbury mills, and finally, in 1878, purchasing and greatly enlarging the Hyde Park Woolen Com- pany’s property. Probably no woolen manufacturing concern occupies a stronger or better position in the market than this company. BLISS. 59 Mr. Bleakie is emphatically a self-made man, having, without friends or influence other than such as he made for himself, advanced from a bobbin-boy to the envi- able position he now holds among our most successful manufacturers, His own eventful career has made him an intelligent and earnest advocate of reform in, and reduction of, the present protective tariff, his letters in advocacy thereof, published during the last presiden- tial campaign in the “ Boston Herald” and other papers, being yet fresh in the recol- lection of many. Mr. Bleakie’s abilities have frequently been recognized by his associates and fel- low-citizens. At the present time he is president of the Hyde Park Savings Bank, also of the Hyde Park Water Company, chairman of the Hyde Park board of select- men, vice-president of the Massachusetts Tariff Reform League, and one of the executive officers of the Woolen Goods. Association of New York City. Mr. Bleakie was married in Shady Lea, R.I., December 1, 1860, to Isabella, daugh- ter of John and Elizabeth (Kidder) Hen- derson, who died December, 1880. Of this union were five children: Mary Eliza- beth, Robert Charles (deceased), Bessie B.,William, and Isabella Bleakie (deceased). He was again married October 12, 1882, at Attleborough, to Mary A., daughter of Abner and Emily L. Wetherell. They have one child: Eugene W. Bleakie. BLISS, WILLIAM DWIGHT PORTER, son of Rev. Edwin E. Bliss, D. D., and Isa- bella H. (Porter) Bliss, was born in Con- stantinople, Turkey, August 20, 1856. He received his early educational train- ing at home, and in Robert: College, Con- stantinople. He subsequently attended Phillips Academy, Andover, one year, then entered Amherst College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1878. He then studied for his chosen profession in Hartford Theological Seminary. He was first settled in charge of the Fourth Congregational church of Denver, Col. Ill health forcing him to resign his pastorate there, he was next called to the Congregational church in South Natick. He then withdrew from the communion of the Congregational church and entered the Episcopal church, being first stationed at Lee. He afterwards became rector of Grace church, South Boston, which posi- tion he still holds. Mr. Bliss was married in London, Eng- land, June 30, 1884, to Mary Pangalo of Constantinople, daughter of John Pangalo 60 BLODGETT. of Athens, Greece, and Eliza (Blunt) Pan- galo, daughter of the English consul at Salonica. Of this union were two chil- dren: Zoe Pangalo, and Enid Bouterweck Bliss. Mr. Bliss has been master workman of the Knights of Labor Assembly in Lee, and represented them at the Cincinnati convention of the Union Labor party, Feb- ruary 22,1887. In 1887 he was nominated lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts by the Labor party, but immediately resigned. He was president of the Ministers’ Eco- nomic Society, Boston ; was the first chair- man, and is now secretary, of the Society of Christian Socialists of Boston, and editor of the “ Dawn,” a paper devoted to their interests. In early life Mr. Bliss was devoted to the study of literature, poetry, and philosophy, leading his class in college in that depart- ment, He became interested in social problems when settled as a minister in the manufac- turing town of South Natick in 1885, and has since followed this line of thought and work. He has written frequently for the “ Andover Review,” the “ Christian Union,” etc., and has lectured before economic and religious bodies upon what he deems the vital questions of the hour. BLODGETT, CALEB, son of Caleb and Charlotte (Piper) Blodgett, was born in’ Dorchester, Grafton county, N. H., June 3, 1832. His early education was obtained in the common schools and the academy in Ca- naan, N. H., to which place his parents removed in 1834. He fitted for college mainly at Kimball Union Academy, Meri- den, N. H., under Dr. Cyrus S. Richards. He entered Dartmouth College in 1852, and was graduated in 1856. For two years thereafter he was engaged in teach- ing in the high school in Leominster, Mass. He read law in the office of Bacon & Aldrich, in Worcester, and was ad- mitted to the bar in that city in February, 1860, His first connection in business was in the practice of law at Hopkinton, as a partner of Henry L. Parker, a college class-mate. Later he removed to Boston, and was associated with Halsey J. Board- man in the same profession, from Decem- ber, 1860, to January 16, 1882, when he was appointed by Governor Long an asso- ciate justice of the superior court, which position he now holds. He was married at Canaan, N. H., December 14, 1865, to Ronie B., daughter BLODGETT. of Jesse and Emily A. (Green) Martin, and has one child: Charles M. Blodgett. He has one brother, Isaac N. Blodgett, who is one of the justices of the supreme judicial court of New Hampshire. He was made president of the Phi Beta Kappa Society in Dartmouth College in 1886, and in June, 1889, received from his alma mater the honorary degree of LL. D. Not the least of the honors, however, that have crowned his life is the estimation in which he is held by those who have prac- ticed before his court, and have received at his hands the impartial distribution of justice which should ever characterize an upright judge. BLODGETT, PERCIVAL, son of N. French and Dolly A. Blodgett, was born in Orange, Franklin county, July 18, 1841. He attended the common schools of that town until twelve years old, then only in winter until fifteen. Attended the Athol high school one term and Phillips Academy, Andover, two years. When he was sixteen years of age he taught his first school. He followed teaching until he entered business life at Templeton, March, 1865, when he formed a partnership with A. S. Dudley, under the firm name of Dudley & Blodgett, and carried on the business of a general country store for five years. The partnership was then dissolved, and Mr. Blodgett continued the business on his own account. He has done a large and lucra- tive business, and has, besides his employ- ment in trade, done something in convey- ancing, settling estates, etc. Mr. Blodgett was married in Orange, May 1, 1867, to Georgia A. Worrick, daugh- ter of Philbrook and Dorothy Worrick. Mrs. Blodgett died January 17, 1879, leav- ing one daughter, Grace E. Blodgett, born April 28, 1870. Mr. Blodgett’s second marriage was with S$. Isabelle Chamberlain of ‘Templeton. He is a Republican, and chairman of the Republican town committee ; postmaster sixteen years, until the incoming of the Cleveland administration. For twenty con- tinuous years he has been member of the school board, for thirteen years town treas- urer, and seven years selectman and chair- man of the board. His church con- nections are with the Trinitarian parish, of which he is an active working mem- ber. He is trustee of the Boynton free public library, and president of the board. He was representative to the General Court in 1889, from the second Worcester district. BLOOD. BLOOD, CHARLES ERASTUS, son of Leonard and Abigail Blood,was born at Pep- perell, Middlesex county, March 19, 1825. He received his early education in the common schools of his native place. His first business connection was with Metcalf & Fisher, manufacturers of straw goods, of Medway village, in 1844. From this place he.went to New York City. Here, and on Long Island, he remained until 1849, when he removed to Ware village, and was there engaged in the straw business till 1875, when he became interested in the drug business, his present occupation. He has been overseer of the poor in Ware twelve years, selectman two years, member of school board five years. For the last fourteen years Mr. Blood has been special county commissioner of Hampshire county. He has served on the board of assessors one year, and since 1874 has acted as treasurer of the South Mutual Protection Association. His church connections are with the Congregational church of Ware village, where he now resides. Mr. Blood was married in Milford, in 1851, to Mary B., daughter of Josiah and Anna (Corbett) Perry. He has four chil- dren: Charles F., George F., Gertrude P., and Mary E. Blood. BOARDMAN, HALSEY J., son of Na- thaniel and Sarah (Hunt) Boardman, was born May 19, 1834, in the town of Nor- wich, Windsor county, Vt. In the common schools of his native town he fitted himself for higher educa- tional work, entered Thetford Academy, from which he was graduated valedictorian of his class, in 1854. He entered Dart- mouth College the same year, graduating with high honors in 1858. He entered the law office of Norcross & Snow, Fitchburg, changing subsequently to the office of Philip Sears, Boston. He was admitted to the Suffolk county bar in 1860, commencing the practice of the law in Boston, in July of the same year. His first connection in business was as senior partner in the law firm of Boardman & Blodgett, Boston, the firm name remain- ing the same until the junior partner, Caleb Blodgett, was made judge of the superior court. Stephen H. Tyng was a subse- quent partner, also Frank Paul, the present firm name being Boardman & Paul. Latterly, owing to defective sight, he has found it necessary to throw off much of the labor incident to the legal profes- sion, and, while seeking relief in various manufacturing and railroad interests, has BOND. 61 been repeatedly called by his fellow-citi- zens to participate in the councils of the Commonwealth. From 1862 to 1864 he held the appoint- ment of commissioner of the board of en- rollment, under President Lincoln, for the 4th congressional district. He was also chairman of the ward and city committee in 1874, president of the common council in 1875, Republican candidate for mayor in the same year, representative to the General Court in 1883—’85. He was elected to the Senate in 1887 and ’88, serving as president both years. He is a prom- HALSEY J. BOARDMAN. inent member of the New England His- toric Genealogical Society. His business relations have made him influential as a railroad official, being president of the Duluth & Winnipeg Railroad, and director of several others. In Boston, November 6, 1862, Mr. Boardman was united in marriage with Georgia M., daughter of George and Maria C. (Moseley) Hinman. Their children are Flora M. and Millie I. Boardman. BOND, GEORGE WILLIAM, son of George and Ann Sigourney (Hammatt) Bond, was born in Boston, June 22, 1811. He is a lineal descendant of William Bond, who came from England to this country and settled in Watertown, in 1649. A tracc 62 BOND. of French blood flows in his veins, derived from Andrew Sigourney, one of the early French Huguenot settlers in Massachusetts. On the maternal side he is a descendant from John Howland, one of the Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic in the historical “Mayflower.” George Bond, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Boston in the same house which his life- long friends, Amos and Abbott Lawrence, afterwards occupted for business purposes. He began business as an auctioneer and commission merchant in company with Samuel Whitwell, under the firm title of Whitwell & Bond. The new house rose to remarkable distinction, being widely known in mercantile circles throughout this and other countries. George William Bond received his edu- cation in private schools until he had attained his tenth year. He then entered the Latin school. When his course in that school was nearly complete, he was sent to the school at Roundhill, Northampton, then kept by Dr. Joseph G. Cogswell and George Bancroft. There he remained two years. In 1827 he entered the store of Daniel Denny & Co., dry goods jobbers, Boston, and, in 1832, was admitted to partnership in the house of Whitwell, Bond & Co. While in the former employ, he familiar- ized himself with the handling of wools. Similar opportunities presented themselves in his new place, and in connection with other houses succeeding them. In 1847 he abandoned the dry goods business and commenced that of wool broker, a pursuit in which he is still occupied. In 1874 Mr. Bond received the honorary degree of A. M. from Harvard College, “in recognition,” as President Eliot remarked at the time, “of his public spirit, and of his thorough knowledge of the important industries of wool growing and wool manu- facturing.” Mr. Bond is recognized as the first and standard authority on all practical questions relating to the wool business in the United States. His thorough knowledge of the subject led to his being consulted by the National Association of Wool Manufac- turers, in forming the tariff on wool in 1867. In 1869 Mr. Bond communicated to the National Association an elaborate paper in explanation of the system adopted by him in his classification of wool. This was published in the first volume of the “ Bulle- tin” of that Association, A final report from Mr. Bond on the standard samples of wool, addressed to the Hon. George S. BOND. Boutweil, secretary of the treasury, was, by his permission, published in volume iii. of the “ Bulletin” of the association. Another most important paper was read by Mr, Bond before the Boston Society of Natural History, in 1887, on the ‘“ Origin of Merino Sheep.” This appeared in volume vii. “Bulletin.” Mr. Bond has held the posi- tion of chairman of the committee on sta- tistics in the above association. Mr. Bond was married in Boston, July 11, 1833, to Sophia Augusta, daughter of Henry kK. and Maria R. (Craycroft) May. Mrs. Bond died in 1841, leaving three sons and one daughter: George, William Sturgis, Henry May and Sophia E. (now Sophia E. Wheelwright). George was in partnership with his father until 1871, when he removed to Philadelphia. Henry May and William Sturgis were graduated from Harvard Col- lege in 1859 and 1862, and joined the Union army. Henry was wounded in the battle of the Wilderness, and subsequently by Mosby’s guerillas. The latter wound proved fatal. William is now in partner- ship with his father. In 1843 Mr. Bond married Louisa C. Greenwood, of Boston, by whom he became the father of five children, none of whom are now living. BOND, NELSON FREEMAN, son of Benjamin and Arethusa (Bowen) Bond, was born in Ware, Hampshire county, January 9, 1839. Passing through the common schools and high school of Ware, he fitted for col- lege in Monson Academy, in 1858, ’59 and 60. He entered Amherst College in 1860, and left in October, 1861, entering the army, enlisting in company D of the gist regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, He rose from a private through the various grades to that of captain and_ brevet- major. His military service was chiefly confined to Louisiana, Alabama, and Florida. He was wounded June 14, 1863, at the siege of Port Hudson, La., by a minie- ball through the right lung, and for a long time was not expected to survive. After the war, he engaged in raising cotton in Alabama, 1866 and ’67, but re- turned North in the spring of 1868, on account of ill health. He entered the employ of J. Cushing & Company, wholesale and retail flour and grain dealers, Fitchburg, in April, 1870. In June, 1876, he formed a partnership, under the firm name of Bond, Baker & Co., grain dealers, Waltham, This part- nership continued three years. He was then clerk for six years for the parties who BOOTH. purchased the business. He returned to Fitchburg, March, 1885, and has been cashier for J. Cushing & Company to date. NELSON F. BOND. Major Bond was married in Paxton, September 3, 1868, to Maria E., daughter of Justus and Sarah E. (Jennison) Shaw. Of this union were three children: Vinnie Arathusa, Frederic Sylvester and Ben- jamin Walter Bond. (The last two de- ceased.) Major Bond has been a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States since May 2, 1883. He has served three years on the school board of Fitchburg, and was in 1889 one of the representatives from Fitchburg to the Legislature, serving upon the committee on education. BOOTH, EDWIN THOMAS, son of Junius Brutus and Mary Ann (Holmes) Booth, was born in Bel Air (Harford county) near Baltimore, November 13, 1833. He was named Edwin Thomas as a compliment to his father’s friends, Edwin Forrest and Thomas Flynn, He was the seventh of ten children, and became early associated with his father in the vicissitudes of the career of that wonderful and eccentric actor. Most of his boyhood was spent at his father’s town residence in Baltimore. Ed- BOOTH, 63 win and his brothers ingeniously trans- formed a spacious arbor, situated upon the grounds, into a theatre, where, assisted by the future comedian and brother-in-law, John 8. Clarke, they performed, before select juvenile audiences, classic and roman- tic dramas, with the female element rigor- ously eliminated. On the roth of September, 1849, Mr. Booth made his first appearance on any stage in the character of “‘l'ressel,” in Cibber’s version of Richard III. at the Boston Museum, undertaking the part to help out the prompter, to whom it was usually assigned in connection with his other stage duties. His first appearance on the Philadelphia stage was on May 22, 1850, as “ Wilford” in “ The Iron Chest.” It was in this part, also, that he appeared first in New York City, September 27, 1850, at the National Theatre. At the same theatre, in 1851, his father being ill, he suddenly and promptly took the place of the elder tragedian, and for the first time in his life enacted Richard Ill. This effort, remarkably successful for a comparative novice, was hailed as the indication of great talent, and as the augury of a brilliant future. In 1852, ac- companying his father and his elder brother, J. B. Booth, Jr., he crossed the Isthmus and played in a variety of engagements in California. In 1854 he was a member of a dramatic company, including the popu- lar actress, Miss Laura Keene, as leading lady, that took a trip to Australia. Return- ing to California in 1856, he came East, and first appeared at the Front Street Theatre, Baltimore, and then made a tour of all the cities of the South, being everywhere well received. In 1857 he appeared at the Boston Theatre as “Sir Giles Overreach”’ in a “New Way to Pay Old Debts,” and his great success on this occasion, always regarded by him as the turning point in his career, determined him to persist in the resolute endeavor to win the first place as a tragic actor. His life since then has been marked by many vicissi- tudes of personal experience, and by fluctuations of fortune, but it has been one of lofty purpose and continuous advance- ment. On July 7, 1860, he married Mary Dev- lin, of Troy, N. Y., who died at Dorchester, Mass., February 21, 1863, leaving a daugh- ter, Edwina. Mr. Booth, subsequently, on the 7th of June, 1869, married Mary Mc- Vicker, the daughter of a Mrs. Runnion, who became the wife of James H. Mc- Vicker of Chicago, a prominent actor and 64 BOOTH. manager. Mrs. Booth died in New York in 1881, leaving no children, In 1862 Mr. Booth made a trip to Eng- land, appearing in London, Liverpool, and Manchester, and on returning to America became the manager of Winter Garden Theatre, New York, remaining associated with the house until its destruction by fire in 1867. Here he produced, on a magni- ficent scale, ‘ Hamlet,” ‘‘ Othello,” “ Mer- chant of Venice,” ‘“ Richelieu,” and other plays, and was the recipient of a gold medal presented by the leading citizens of New York, in commemoration of the, at that time, remarkable achievement of run- ning ‘“ Hamlet” for one hundred consecu- tive nights. He was afterwards associated with the Walnut Street Theatre in Phila- delphia. In April, 1865, the appalling tragedy at Washington compelled Mr. Booth to leave the stage, and it was then his wish and purpose never to return to it. In 1866, however, persuaded by his friends, he re- appeared as ‘‘Hamlet” in the Winter Garden Theatre in New York, and was once more welcomed to professional life by a EDWIN T. BOOTH. most enthusiastic and sympathetic greet- ing. In 1869 he opened the new Booth ‘Theatre, which had been built for him the previous year in New York City. This he BORDEN. managed until 1874, when it passed out of his possession. In 1876 he made a tour of the South; in 1880, and again in 1882, he visited Great Britain and Germany, and was there received with extraordinary enthusiasm. In 1883 he returned home and resumed his starring tours in America. He has published an edition of his prin- cipal plays in fifteen volumes, the text cut and adapted by himself for stage use, with introductions and notes by William Winter, the well-known dramatic critic of the “‘ New York Tribune.” Mr. Booth is still in the zenith of his strength. He lives to lead the American stage of to-day with the same power as of old, and the glory of having given a series of the grandest pageants, graced by the pres- ence of some of the most celebrated actors that have ever been seen in this country, will be linked inseparably with the renown of Edwin Booth, when his biographer shall come to write the true story of his career. BORDEN, PHILIP D., son of Thomas and Lydia (Durfee) Borden, was born in Tiverton, Newport county, R. I, May 11, 1816. His early education was obtained in the common schools of those days, by three months’ attendance in the winter, and he was employed in the summer as cabin-boy, cook, and deck-hand, with his father until April, 1830, when he entered the service of the Annawan Manufacturing Company, and remained there until November, 1832. He attended school three months during the winter of 1832-'33. In the spring of 1833 he went to work for C. M. Coggeshall, cash- ier of the Union Bank, R. I., and divided his time between the bank, and the lum- ber yard of Cook, Borden & Co., of which Mr. Coggeshall was a partner. There he remained until the fall of 1834. January T, 1835, he entered the employ of Holder Borden, to go to the American Print Works, whose property at that time belonged to the Fall River Iron Works Company, but is NOW a separate corporation. Later he changed from the Print Works to the Fall River Iron Works Company Rolling and Nail Mill as superintendent, and remained there until December 31, 1874, as superin- tendent, assistant treasurer, and treasurer —a term of just forty years, From January, 1875, to August, 1879, he spent his time in comparative leisure, though much time was spent in connection’ with the water board, of which he was chairman, and other occupations. He was appointed as a member of the water board, in the spring of 1871, and served in that BORDEN. capacity until September 6, 1882, when he resigned. Thecouncil voted not to accept his resignation, but Mr. Borden declined to further act. He was a member of the board of aldermen for 1864 and ’65, declin- ing to be a candidate for another year, as his other duties demanded his time. Mr. Borden was married October 1, 1838, in New Bedford, to Sarah Freeman, daugh- ter of Samuel and Betsey (Willcox) Bennett of Fall River. Of this union were eight children, of whom only three now survive : Thomas S., Philip D., Jr., and Frank Bor- den. His first wife died August 3, 1858. He was again married May 23, 1872, to PHILIP D. BORDEN. Caroline, daughter of Benjamin and Ruth Seabury of Westport. Mr. Borden was a director in the Meta- comet National Bank from its first forma- tion in 1853 until 1880, when he resigned on account of his not being qualified by the financial circumstances which he, with others, was called to pass through in Fall River. He was a director of the R. Bor- den Manufacturing Company from its first organization up to 1880. He had in pre- vious years been a director in the Fall River Iron Works Company, American Print Works, Annawan Manufacturing Company, and other corporations. He is now treasurer of the American Linen Com- BOTTUM. 65 pany, to which position he was elected in August, 1879, and is a director in the B. M. C. Durfee Safe Deposit and Trust Com- pany. In 1843 he was appointed by the pro- bate court as associate trustee of the estate of William Valentine, with Jefferson Bor- den (deceased), and is now acting as sur- viving trustee. This has been quite a large estate, and from its accumulation there have already been considerable amounts divided among the several wards as they have attained their majority. BOTTUM, JOHN BENNETT, son of Samuel Adams and Leonora (Porter) Bot- tum, was born in Northampton, Hampshire county, July 7, 1852. After an early educational training in the common schools of Northampton, and under private instruction, Mr. Bottum studied law with Allen & Bond, of North- ampton; the former, now Judge William Allen of the supreme judicial court, the latter, district attorney for the northwest- ern district in this State. After a prepara- tory course in law, he entered Columbia College law school, New York City, from which he was graduated in the class of 1874; was admitted to practice in all the courts of the state of New York, in the spring of 1874, and in June of the same year was admitted to the Massachusetts bar. He began practice at once, in North- ampton. In 1875 he entered a partnership under the name of Bond Bros. & Bottum, which continued until the death of one of the members in 1882. Since that time he has practiced alone. He has frequently acted as district attor- ney pro tem, during the absence of the office incumbent. He was chairman of the Republican county and senatorial commit- tees in Hampshire county for several years, and is now chairman of the Republican city committee, Northampton; was a member of the House of Representatives 1886, 87, 88 and ’89, serving on the fol- lowing committees: probate and insol- vency, bills in the third reading, judiciary, and rules, and in 1889 was House chairman of the committee on mercantile affairs. In 1886 he was on the joint special committee to sit during the recess, to consider and report to the next General Court such recommendations and changes as it might deem advisable or necessary in the judicial system relating to the inferior courts of the Commonwealth. In 1887 he was a member of the House committee to the centennial of the adoption of the Constitu- 66 BOURNE. tion of the United States at Philadelphia, and in 1889 was House chairman of the centennial committee to New York, at the centennial of Washington's inauguration. Mr. Bottum has always been a student of national affairs; is a staunch supporter JOHN B. BOTTUM. of protection to American industries and markets, and an opposer of free trade. He was active and a welcome speaker in the last presidential campaign, and did his full share in presenting the claims of the Re- publican party to the suffrage of his fellow- citizens in the State. BOURNE, JONATHAN, son of Jonathan and Hannah (Tobey) Bourne, was born in Sandwich, Barnstable county, March 25, 1811, the tenth of a family of eleven chil- dren. His father, a sturdy New England farmer, trained his sons to habits of indus- try, and taught them lessons of self-reliance. At the age of seventeen Mr. Bourne went to New Bedford, and entered the store of John B. Taylor, remaining nine months, and then spent the winter months in attendance at the village school in his native town. ‘The next spring he attended the school of B. F. Fry, New Bedford ; then found employment in the grocery store of John Webster, with whom he sub- sequently entered into partnership. He soon after purchased Mr. Webster’s inter- BOURNE. est and managed the business alone until 1838, when he sold out the business, his whaling investments having become sufh- ciently important to demand his full atten- tion. Devoted to his business, he rapidly increased its volume, until he became at one time the individual owner of more whaling tonnage, probably, than any other man in the country, if not in the world. During the late civil war, when other owners, disheartened, were selling their vessels to the government, Mr. Bourne not only retained his property, but, with his usual pluck and sagacity, bought five new vessels, and prosecuted the business with redoubled vigor. Although always interested in politics, first as a Whig and then as a Republican, Mr. Bourne never sought any political office. He was, however, repeatedly called upon to serve his fellow-citizens in posi- tions of responsibility and trust. Decided in his views, and fearless in expressing them, he often met with opposition, but never failed of an election when a candi- JONATHAN BOURNE. date. He served three years as alderman of New Bedford, and five years in the executive councils of Governors Robinson and Ames. Mr. Bourne was three times chosen delegate to the national Republican con- BOUTWELL. ventions, and at Chicago, in 1860, was the first of the Massachusetts delegation to abandon Seward, and cast a vote for Abra- ham Lincoln. For five terms of two years each he was elected by the Legislature a state director of the Western (now the Boston & Albany) Railroad. Upon the death of John A. Parker, Mr. Bourne was chosen as his successor in the directory of the Merchants’ Bank of New Bedford, and upon the death of Charles R. Tucker, in 1876, was made president of the bank, which position, together with that of presi- dent of the Bristol County Fire Insurance Company, he held until his death, which occurred in New Bedford, August 7, 1889. Mr. Bourne made good use of the limited school advantages he enjoyed in early days, and fitted himself for the practical side of business life in which he held such high rank. His success was due to tireless industry, financial integrity, personal at- tention to details, probity, and to a cour- age tempered by caution. Possessed of strong individuality, quick and self-reliant, he was ever just in his decisions and thoughtful of those connected with him in social and business relations. BOUTWELL, GEORGE S., son of Sewall and Rebecca (Marshall) Boutwell, was born in Brookline, Norfolk county, January 28,1818. He is a lineal descend- ant of James Boutwell, who immigrated from the neighborhood of London, Eng- land, becoming a “freeman” in Lynn in 1638, and of John Marshall, who arrived in Massachusetts by the ship ‘“ Hopewell,” 1634, and settled in Boston, Mr. Boutwell’s early educational train- ing was received in the public schools. In his thirteenth year he was employed as a clerk in a country store at Lunenburg and remained four years. He subsequently taught school in a country district in the town of Shirley. At eighteen he began the systematic study of law, putting him- self under the tuition of an attorney, and employing all available time in pursuance of his object ; he also re-commenced the study of classics under the direction of Dr. A. B. Bancroft. He was admitted to the Boston bar in 1853. He delivered his first public lecture before the Groton Ly- ceum at the age of nineteen. In 1840 he publicly advocated the election of Van Buren to the presidency. At the age of twenty-one he was chosen a member ot the school board of Groton. In 1841 he was elected a representative to the General Court, and served in the subsequent BOUTWELL. 67 legislative sessions ot 1842, ’43, ’44, *44, 48, ’49, and ’s5o. Official positions were crowded upon his acceptance, Between 1842 and 1850 he was railway commissioner, bank commis- sioner, commissioner of Boston Harbor, and a member of special state committees on insanity, and public lands of Maine, He was governor of Massachusetts in 1851 and ’52. Jn 1853 he was made a member of the state board of education, and retained his connection with the board for ten years, and for five years discharged the duties of secretary. From 1851 to 1860 he was one of the overseers of Harvard College. In 1856 he was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; and in 1861 a member of the Phi Beta Kappa of Cambridge, and delivered the commence- ment oration in that year. He was a member of the Peace Congress in 1861 ; delegate to the Chicago conventions of 1860 and 1880 ; was elected a delegate to the Baltimore convention of 1864, but declined the appointment. He organized the department of internal revenue, and served as commissioner until 1863, when he resigned to take his seat in Congress. During the 38th, 39th, and 4oth Congresses he served on the judiciary committee and committee on reconstruction, and for a time was chairman of the latter. In 1869 he was appointed secretary of the treasury of the United States, and in the administration of President Grant rendered most valuable service to the nation. He originated the plan of refund- ing the public debt, and began himself the work of refunding, which has been so suc- cessfully pursued by his successors. In 1873 he was elected to the United States Senate in place of the lamented Henry Wilson, and served four years. In 1877 he was appointed commissioner to revise the statutes of the United States, which work was completed in 1878. In 1880 he was designated by the president as attor- ney to defend the government before the international commission created to dis- pose of claims of citizens of France against the United States, and of citizens of the United States against France. ‘The claims against the United States amounted to thirty-five million dollars, only stx hundred and twenty-five thousand of which were allowed. His five annual reports of the state board of education are worthy of mention, also his commentary on the school laws of Massachusetts, and his volume on educational topics and institutions. In 68 BOWDITCH. 1863 he published a treatise on the inter- nal revenue and excise system of the United States, which is still an authority in the department. In 1869 a volume of his speeches was published. He is also the author of a volume, “Why I am a Republican,” published in 1884, and re- printed in 1888. In 1887 he published a small volume entitled “ The Lawyer, States- man and Soldier.” He was married to Sarah Adelia, daugh- ter of Nathan Thayer, of Hollis, N. H., July 8, 1841. Hischildren are: Georgianna A., born May 18, 1843, and Francis M. Boutwell, born February 26, 1847. Few citizens of Massachusetts have been called upon to occupy more responsible and influential positions in public life than Gov. Boutwell, and certainly there are none now living of her honored sons who have brought to the fulfillment of their official duties greater energy of spirit, purity of character, or loyalty to imposed trust, than has this widely-known and universally- respected representative of the old Bay State. His record is his own best eulogium. BOWDITCH, HENRY INGERSOLL, son of Nathaniel and Mary (Ingersoll) Bow- ditch, was born in Salem, Essex county, August 9, 1808. His father was the trans- lator and commentator of the “ A/écanigue Celeste,” and his mother was the only daughter of Captain Jonathan Ingersoll, both parents being natives of Massachu- setts. His early educational training was re- ceived in a Salem private school, and later in the Boston Latin school. He was graduated from Harvard College, in the class of 1828, and from the medical de- partment of Harvard University in 1832. Desirous of familiarizing himself with the most advanced medical science of the old world, he repaired to Europe after his graduation, and spent over two years in Paris, under the tuition of Professor Louis particularly, and of other adepts in physic and surgery. Returning to his native land, Dr. Bow- ditch began practice in Boston. For sev- eral years he was Jackson professor of clinical medicine in the Harvard medical school; has also been physician to the Massachusetts General Hospital and to the City Hospital, and consulting physician in the Carney Hospital, Boston. During the civil war he held the office of surgeon of the board of enrollment in the fourth dis- trict of Massachusetts. In 1876 he was elected to the presidency of the American Medical Association, and presided at its BOWDITCH. meeting held at Chicago, in June, 1877, on which occasion he delivered the open- ing address. He was for many years chair- man of the Massachusetts state board of health after its organization in 1870, Sub- sequently he was a member of the national board of health. To the literature of his profession Dr. Bowditch has been a frequent contributor. “ Thoracentesis,” a paper read before the New York Academy of Medicine, April, 1870, received high commendation from the most eminent practitioners. More than a quarter of a century ago Dr. Bowditch began to devote himself to the study of diseases of the chest, and was impressed with the conviction that it would be possible to relieve cases of effu- sion into the pleural cavity by drawing off the fluid. He adopted Dr. Morrill Wyman’s method of so doing—by a very small tube with a suction pump fastened to it. The success of this line of treatment was immediate and permanent. Immediate relief usually followed the operation, and never any disastrous results. Thoracen- tesis is now regarded in Europe and America as a legitimate, safe and neces- sary procedure. That such is the case is largely due to the success of Dr. Bow- ditch’s operations, and the earnestness with which he has pressed the importance of it upon the medical fraternity. Dr. Bowditch has devoted much time to the study of consumption, its natural history and pathology, and the best means of checking its ravages. In 1862, in an address before the Massachusetts Medical Society he announced his discovery that a residence on or very near damp soil in New England is apt to cause consumption. Three years afterward Dr. Buchanan, of the local government board of England, found that a large district which had been sub- drained had less consumption than previ- ously, In another very important department of medical literature, Dr. Bowditch is among the pioneers of America—that of preventive medicine and hygiene. His “Public Hygiene in America” has been published at Boston and London, in book form. Having accidentally seen from the head of State Street the “ Garrison mob (1835), led by gentlemen of respectability and standing,” for the purpose of putting down free speech in behalf of liberty, he immediately joined the ranks of the Aboli- tionists, and continued with them until slavery was crushed by the civil war. BOWERS. Dr. Bowditch was married at New York, on the 17th of July, 1838, to Olivia, daughter of John and Elizabeth Yardley, of London, England. Of this union are four children: Nathaniel, Olivia, Edward and Vincent Yardley Bowditch. Nathaniel fell in the war while leading a cavalry charge at Kelly’s Ford, Virginia. BOWERS, WALTER PRENTICE, son of Charles Manning and Ellen Augusta (Damon) Bowers, was born in Clinton, Worcester county, May 19, 1855. He was graduated from the high school in Clinton in March, 1872; entered Har- yard medical school, Boston, 1876, and was graduated in the class of 1879. Previous to his medical course in Har- vard University he had served as an apothe- cary’s clerk in Clinton, and from July, 1874, until the store changed proprietors, was in charge of a branch store of the same house, established in Leominster. He then took charge of a drug store owned by Andrew Geyer in Wenham, which he car- ried on until he entered the medical school. Dr. Bowers was married in Clinton, Jan- uary 28, 1880, to Helen Matilda, daughter of Alfred A. and Matilda A. (Boynton) Burditt. They have no children. Dr. Bowers, in 1880, was appointed first assistant physician in the Worcester Lunatic Hospital, but after one year was obliged to resign on account of ill health. He holds appointments as local medical exam- iner for several life insurance and benefit companies, viz.: Northwestern Mutual, Etna, Connecticut Mutual, Equitable, Hartford Life and Annuity, Royal Arcan- um, A. O. U. W., the United Order of the Pilgrim Fathers, and the Royal Society of Good Fellows. In March, 1889, he was elected selectman of Clinton, and he has been for several years secretary and direc- tor of the Twenty-five Associates of Clinton. BOWKER, ALBERT, son of John Pear- son and Mary (Baker) Bowker, was born in Walpole, Norfolk county, December 11, 1815. He was bereft of his mother at the age of four years, and he spent the days of his childhood and youth in the home of his maternal grandparents. He was educated in the common district schools of his native place, in select schools, Medway, Holliston, Andover, and under private tutors. Not the least of his advantages was the inspiration he received from his member- ship of a small club of young men, meeting for mutual improvement, each one of whom was obliged to prepare and read a written BOWKER. 69 dissertation to be criticised by the others. Some men since widely known were mem- bers of this club, of which Bishop Field was president. Mr. Bowker taught school in Needham ; studied to fit himself for the work in the Teachers’ Seminary, a branch of Phillips Academy, Andover; was next engaged as principal of the village school in Dorches- ter Lower Mills (now part of Boston), to which place he was invited by the Rev. John Codman, D. D. As a teacher he was successful. In six months he was elected usher of the Eliot ALBERT BOWKER. school, Boston, and, in 1837, at his major- ity, he was made principal of the Lyman school, East Boston. In 1845, after eight years of service, Mr. Bowker resigned his position, purposing to retire from active public pursuits. ; ; Soon after Mr. Bowker had attained his majority, he invested largely in the stock of the East Boston Company, and received the primary dividend of lands. He also became the proprietor of one-fourth of the ° capital stock of the Boston “ Evening and American ‘Traveller.” He was also active as one of the founders of Hyde Park, one- fifth of the stock of which he owned. In 1846 and ’47 he represented his dis- trict in the House of Representatives. In 70 BOWLES. 1848 he was chosen treasurer of the East Boston Savings Bank, which position he resigned in 1880—he still remaining a trustee. In 1851 Mr. Bowker was elected presi- dent of the North American Fire Insurance Company, and unanimously re-elected thirty-six years, resigning the position December 21, 1887. He was president of the Boston Board of Underwriters, also of the East Boston Trade Association and of the board of directors of the East Boston Ferries. In 1861, ’62 and ’66 he served in the Boston common council. In the rebellion, and in the war in South America between Paraguay, Uruguay, the Argentine Republic and Brazil, he held a controlling interest in eleven out of six- teen steamers in which he was a partial owner. Of self-made, self-educated men, Mr. Bowker is certainly one worthy of study and imitation. He has been a successful business man— successful with one excep- tion, and that, incident to the great fire of Boston, 1872, in which he lost all his insur- ance stock in seven of the largest dividend paying companies in that city. Mr. Bowker was married in East Boston, June 22, 1843, to Sarah, daughter of Ben- jamin and Henrietta (Knowlton) Lamson, Of this union, the two living children are Sarah Fitz and Mary Frances Bowker. Mr. Bowker’s residence is in East Bos- ton, overlooking the bay, where arrive and depart the magnificent fleet of steamers known as the Warren Line, so called from the founder, George Warren, a fellow-mem- ber of that early club, with Edwin P. Whip- ple, the distinguished essayist and lecturer, Daniel N. Haskell, of the “ Boston Tran- script,” Bishop Field, e¢ a/., to whose exam- ple, association and inspiration Mr. Bowker is wont cheerfully and gratefully to ac- knowledge indebtedness. BOWLES, SAMUEL, son of Samuel and Mary Dwight (Schermerhorn) Bowles, was born in Springfield, Hampden county, October 15, 1851. He received his early educational train- ing in the public and private schools of his native city. This was supplemented by two years’ study and travel in Europe, and two years’ special course at Yale Col- lege. As a youth he also traveled ex- tensively in this country. His degree of A. M. was conferred by Amherst College, But the most valuable part of his educa- tion was the training in journalism which he received from his father; and he was fully prepared when the time came to _ber, BOYDEN. take up and carry forward the work of his predecessors. Mr. Bowles began business life in 1873, as an assistant in the editorial department of the “Springfield Republican.” In 1875 he became its business manager, and at the death of his father (1878) he became editor-in-chief and publisher, which posi- tion he still holds. He is the third “Samuel Bowles” that has successfully presided over the leading journal of Western Massachusetts — three generations of sires and sons. Their sym- pathies have always been with the funda- mental principles of the Republican party, and its predecessor, the Whig, but they have been distinguished by their independ- ent attitude on political questions. The “Springfield Republican” has always held country above party, and clearly shown the mission of independent journalism. Mr. Bowles, as a citizen, possesses the confidence and esteem of his fellows, but has never allowed himself to be caught in the whirl of political ambitions. The only public office he has accepted is that of director of the Springfield City Library Association. Mr. Bowles was married in Concord, June 12, 1884, to Elizabeth, daughter of Ebenezer Rockwood and Caroline D. (Brooks) Hoar. Of this union is one son: Samuel Bowles, Jr. BOYDEN, ALBERT GARDNER, son of Phineas and Harriet (Carroll) Boyden, was born in South Walpole, Norfolk county, February 5, 1827. He attended the common district school in summer till ten, and in winter till seven- teen years of age. He worked on the farm and in his father’s blacksmith shop, until he had mastered the trade, at twenty-one years of age, and in the meantime had taught school in the town of Foxborough, three winters. He was graduated from the state normal school, Bridgewater, Novem- 1849; taught grammar school in Hingham, in the winter of 1849 and ’so. He became assistant teacher in the state normal school, Bridgewater, in 1850, and held the position until 1853 ; was principal of the English high school, Salem, three years; sub-master in Chapman grammar school, Boston, one year; first assistant again at Bridgewater normal school 1857 to 1860; and was then appointed principal of the school, which position he has since filled in a faithful and pre-eminently able manner. Mr. Boyden was married in Newport, Maine, November 18, 1851, to Isabella BOYNTON, Whitten, daughter of Thomas and Martha Louisa (Whitten) Clarke. Of this union were two children: Arthur Clarke Boyden, A. M., teacher of history and natural science, Bridgewater normal school, and Wallace Clarke Boyden, A. M., teacher of mathe- matics, Williston Seminary, Easthampton. Mr. Boyden has been clerk of Central Square Congregational society since 1863 ; trustee of Bridgewater Savings Bank; presi- dent of Plymouth County Teachers’ Asso- ciation ; president of Massachusetts School- masters’ Club ; vice-president of American Institute of Instruction; secretary of National Council of Education ; and presi- dent of Old Colony Congregational Club. He received the honorary degree of A. M. from Amherst College in 186r, Under Mr. Boyden’s management the normal school has enjoyed an enviable reputation with the friends of education. The quality of the teaching force sent out each year from this training school will bear comparison with that from any insti- tution of the kind in the country. BOYNTON, ELEAZAR, son of Eleazar and Sally (Blatchford) Boynton, was born September 29, 1824, in Rockport, Essex county. His early education was obtained in the natural course of attendance upon the public and private schools of his native village, supplemented by instruction at Phillips Academy, Andover, At twenty-one years of age Mr. Boyn- ton came to Boston and commenced his life work with Boynton & Miller, of which firm Hon. Nehemiah Boynton was the senior partner, wholesale grocers and ship chandlers, Mr. E. Boynton becoming a partner in 1849. The firm was_ subse- quently changed to Boynton & Hervey, Mr. E. Boynton and A, F. Hervey compos- ing the firm, and yet again in 1855 to N. Boynton & Co., the subject of this sketch being a member of the firm. In 1868 the Hon. Nehemiah Boynton died, and Mr. Eleazar Boynton has from that time been the senior partner—the firm name still remaining the same—N. Boynton & Co. They have in late years added an import- ant feature to their business, and their house is now one of the largest dealers in, and manufacturers of, cotton duck in the country. Mr. Boynton was married in Boston, October 9, 1852, to Mary, the daugh- ter of Simeon and Sally (Plummer) Chad- bourne. They have four children: Mary Dodge, Edward P., Nehemiah (the present popular pastor of the Union Congrega- BOYNTON. 71 tional church, Boston), and Elizabeth L. Boynton, Mr. Boynton’s predilections and training led him early to take active work in benev- olent and religious circles. He was a valued member of the Mt. Vernon and oS. ELEAZAR BOYNTON. Edwards Congregational churches in Bos- ton while he worshiped in that city, and has been an active and influential member of the Mystic Congregational church in Medford since his residence there. His fellow-citizens of that historic town have bestowed upon him many an official honor. He, in turn, has always been loyal to them and their interests, and notably of late years he has been honorably conspicu- ous in contributing largely by his wisdom, his experience in public affairs, and his wide acquaintance with the leading citizens of the Commonwealth, to the prosperity and integrity of the town he loves so well. Mr. Boynton was a member of the school committee of Boston while he lived in that city, and was likewise an active member of the same committee when he moved to Medford. He was a member of the board of selectmen in 1861, when the war of the rebellion commenced, and chairman of the board in 1862, and to him is largely due the credit Medford has enjoyed as one of 72 BRACKETT. the most loyal communities at that critical time in the history of the nation — that town contributing the first quota of men to join the Union army, while the last company mustered out of active service was largely composed of her brave sons. He represented the town in the House of Representatives in 1865, and the rst Mid- dlesex district in the Senate in 1885 and 86. He is vice-president and trustee of the Medford Savings Bank, director of the Blackstone National Bank of Boston, presi- dent of the United States Cotton Duck Manufacturers’ Association, and the U. S. Cotton Duck Dealers’ Association, and president of the Russell Mills of Plymouth. The names Boynton, Boyington, and Byington are one. The Boynton family have held six reunions, and their directory contains the addresses of 4000 names. ‘The Boynton baronets and peers of England show an unbroken line of pedigree for thirty generations. BRACKETT, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, son of Ambrose S$. and Nancy (Brown) Brackett, was born in Bradford, Merrimack county, N. H., June 8, 1842. He attended the public schools until seventeen years of age, when he entered Colby Academy, New London, N. H., where he was graduated in 1861. An offer of an appointment to West Point was de- clined, and he entered Harvard College, where he displayed marked ability, being chosen class orator in his senior year, and was graduated in the class of 1865. He took his law course at Harvard, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1868, where he has since continued to practice. He was partner with Hon. Levi C. Wade from 1878 to ‘80 — since which time he has been associated with Walter H. Roberts, under the firm name of Brackett & Roberts. He was married in Arlington, June 20, 1878, to Angie M., daughter of Abel G. and Eliza A. (Boles) Peck. Of this union were born four children, two of whom, John Gaylord and Beatrice Brackett, are living. In 1871 Mr. Brackett was made presi- dent of the Mercantile Library Association of Boston, and again in 1882. In 1874 he was appointed judge advocate on the staff of General I.S Burrill, rst brigade Massa- chusetts volunteer militia, and held that position until the re-organization of the militia in 1876. He has evinced great interest in political affairs from boyhood, and since 1868, as a Republican, his voice has been heard in every state and national campaign. He BRACKETT. was one of the promoters of the Young Men’s Republican movement in 1877, and presided at the first public meeting held under its auspices in Faneuil Hall. He was a member of the Boston com- mon council in 1873, 74, °75, and ’76, and was president of that body the latter year. He was elected a member of the House of Representatives for 1877, and re-elected each year for four years, serv- ing as chairman of the committees on labor and taxation the first year, and reporting the bill for the formation of “building associations” or co-operative banks. The beneficent results of this law are due in a great measure to the subse- quent efforts of Mr. Brackett. In 1878 he was chairman of House committee on probate and chancery. In 1879 he was House chairman of the committee on retrenchment. In 1880 he was one of the four leading candidates for speaker, and served as House chairman of the commit- tee on harbors and public lands, and asa member of the committee on rules and JOHN Q. A. BRACKETT. orders. He held the same positions the succeeding year, and was also a member of the special committee on the revision of the statutes. In 1884 he was again a member of the House, and was appointed chairman of the judiciary committee and a member BRADFORD. of the committee on rules and orders. In 1885 he was elected speaker of the House by a vote of 217 to 15. Probably no speaker was ever put to a more severe test in Massachusetts than that which Mr. Brackett encountered the first year — that of the famous filibustering movement against the metropolitan police bill. By his firm action and spirited determination, the bill was reached and passed, and both parties accorded him much praise for his ability in presiding over this stormy debate. He was unanimously renominated by the Republicans and was re-elected speaker in 1886. He was elected lieutenant-governor in 1886, and re-elected in 1887 and 1888. During July and August of 1888 he was acting governor during the illness of Gov- ernor Ames, and in that capacity in Sep- tember visited Columbus, Ohio, with the staff and special legislative committee, most creditably representing his state at the centennial of the settlement of Ohio. Owing to the governor’s illness, he was also acting governor during a part of the year 1889, and as such represented the Commonwealth at the dedication of the Pilgrim monument at Plymouth, and at the reception of President Harrison in Boston, as well as on many other public occasions. He was elected governor in 1889. BRADFORD, EDWARD STANDISH, son of S. Standish and Dorcas Brown (Lock- wood) Bradford, was born in North Provi- dence, R. I., December 1, 1842. His early educational training was re- ceived in the University grammar school, Providence. He fitted for Brown Uni- versity, but owing to ill health did not enter, but traveled abroad until improved health enabled him to return and begin a business career in the house of Bradford, Taft & Co., woolens, Providence, R. I. He was subsequently connected with Samuel Slater & Sons, Webster, and in 1878 was ae treasurer of the Hampden Cotton ills. In 1885 he retired from active business, and resides in Springfield. Mr. Bradford was married in Provi- dence, R. I, April 28, 1868, to Mary, daughter of Horatio Nelson and Sarah (Tiffany) Slater. Of this union were four children. Horatio Nelson Slater, Edward Standish, Jr , Dorcas Lockwood, and Sarah Tiffany Bradford (deceased). , Mr. Bradford, while living in Rhode Island, was identified with the militia of the state; was chairman of the board of selectmen of Webster, Mass., 1871, 72, and 73; director of Chapin National Bank, BRADFORD. 73 Springfield; director of the Hampden County Musical Association ; Was member of the Springfield common council, 1886 '87 and ’88, and is now mayor of Spring: field. He is first vice-president of the Winthrop Club, and director in the Con- necticut Valley Historical Association, and chairman of the finance committee of the First Baptist society. EDWARD S. BRADFORD. Mr. Bradford has traveled extensively in the old world, and has been a studious observer of its customs, as well as a critical student of its history. On his paternal side he is a lineal de- scendant of Governor Bradford and Miles Standish, and on his maternal side, of Roger Williams, of Rhode Island colonial fame. BRADFORD, ISAAC, son of Captain Isaac Bradford of Duxbury, and Sarah (Beckford) Bradford of Salem, Essex coun- ty, was born in Boston, November 15, 1834. He is a lineal descendant in the eighth generation from Governor William Brad- ford of the Plymouth Colony. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public and private schools of Boston, the famous school at Brook Farm under Dr. Ripley, George P. Bradford's school, Concord, and the English high school, Boston. aah BRADFORD. His entry into business life was as assist- ant on the “American Ephemeris and Nau- tical Almanac,” under the direction of the navy department, October 1, 1850. In 1854 he left to follow the sea, but returned four years later and resumed his connection with the “ Nautical Almanac;” resigned in the spring of 1865 to engage in mining in Colorado, going out as superintendent of a Boston company, taking a party and wagon- train of machinery from the terminus of the railroad in Central Iowa across the plains; returned to Cambridge in 1868 ; was subsequently employed by the United States Coast Survey to perform the exten- sive astronomical and telegraphic time ISAAC BRADFORD computations of the trans-continental longi- tude campaign of 1869, between Cambridge and San Francisco. He served in the common council of Cam- bridge 1870, was re-elected, but resigned to accept position as chief-of-police ; was elected mayor of Cambridge 1873, serving four consecutive terms; was Democratic candidate for Congress 1878; moved to Exeter, N. H., 1879, to take charge of a paper mill ; returned to Cambridge in 1884, where he has since resided. He is at present engaged on the ‘ Nautical Almanac,” besides making calculations for the greater part of the almanacs of the country — BRADLEE. work he has carried on continuously since 1857, his first almanac being that printed in the Cambridge directory for 1852. He is also at present chairman of the board of registrars of voters in Cambridge. During the war he sought to serve in the navy, but upon official request of the de- partment, he remained attached to the “Nautical Almanac.” He was in charge of the home military organization as cap- tain, and was placed in command of the state arsenal at Cambridge during the draft riot of 1864. He is an active Mason, and was master of Mt. Olivet Lodge 1871 and ’72. This expert mathematician, after leaving the guidance of his revered teacher, Thomas Sherwin (Boston English high school), fortunately enjoyed unusual advantages in pursuing his special work in the higher mathematics, under the distinguished pro- fessor, Benjamin Pierce (Harvard Univer- sity), who had been called to the position of consulting astronomer to the “ Nautical Almanac.”” To him, Mr. Bradford was as- signed as special assistant. At the same time Mr. Bradford was privileged to attend the elective course in mathematics at the University. Mr. Bradford was married in West Med- ford, April 30, 1862, to Jane Ann, daughter of William and Jane Ann (Hutchings) Davis, of Boston. Of this union are two children: Ellen Hutchings and Isaac Bradford. BRADLEE, JOHN WALTER, son of John D. and Catherine C. (Trow) Bradlee, was born in Milton, Norfolk county, March 17, 1841. The public schools and Milton Academy gave him his educational training. Before his majority he started in the nursery business, but at the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, he enlisted in the 38th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers. He has been a deputy sheriff of Norfolk county, auctioneer and real estate agent; chairman of the board of selectmen, asses- sors and overseers of the poor, for ten years. He was for a long time a member of the school board and a trustee of the cemetery. Mr. Bradlee was married in Milton, November 1, 1866, to Nellie Marion, daugh- ter of Leonard and Lydia T. (Blaney) Morse. Of this union are six children: J. Walter, Charles, Nellie Marion, Eva Morse, Leonard Morse and Roger William Bradlee. Mr. Bradlee has held the chairmanship of the Norfolk county Republican com- BRADLEE. mittee for ten years past; was active in the organization of the Norfolk Club, and has held the chairmanship of its executive J. WALTER BRADLEE. committee since its formation; organized Huntington F. Wolcott Post No. ro2, G. A. R., of Milton, and was its first com- mander; he was also commander of the Norfolk county division, G. A. R.; member of the Royal Arcanum; member of Cypress Commandery Knights Templar; represent- ed the 4th Norfolk district in the Legis- lature in 1884 and ’85, serving as House chairman of the committee on prisons. Mr. Bradlee comes of good Puritan stock, being a descendant of the old Milton family of Captain John Bradlee of revolutionary fame. His maternal ancestors were of the Bradford family. True to his antecedents, he has always taken an active interest in all that pertains to the welfare and pros- perity of his native town, and has done much towards maintaining its high stand- ard as one of the most attractive of the many outlying residential suburbs of the city of Boston. BRADLEE, NATHANIEL J., son of Sam- uel and Elisabeth Davis (Williams) Brad- lee, was born in Boston, June 1, 1829, and died in his native city, December 17, 1888. His father was a well-known merchant of Boston. His maternal grandfather, Caleb BRADLEE. 75 Davis of Boston, was the first speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representa- tives. Mr. Bradlee received his early education at Chauncy Hall school, from which insti- tution he was graduated in 1846. He then entered the office of George M. Dexter, architect, of Boston, where he remained until 1856, when he became that gentleman’s successor. In April, 1869, he was appointed by the municipal government of Boston to super- intend and take charge of the removal of the Hotel Pelham. ‘The work was success- fully accomplished, and attracted such wide attention, that accounts of the way in which it was done were published in sev- eral of the English, French, and German newspapers. In 1874 Mr. Bradlee was appointed con- sulting architect to the commission for the Danvers Insane Asylum. He was also the architect for over five hundred build- ings in the city of Boston, including the edifices of the New England and Union Mutual Life Insurance companies, the Suf: folk Savings Bank and the Young Men’s Christian Union, the buildings of the City, Market, Traders’, Third National, and Commonwealth banks ; many large stores, warehouses, blocks and private residen- ces; and the Second, South Congrega- tional, and Bullfinch Street churches. In August, 1875, he served upon the committee appointed by the secretary of the treasury to examine and report upon the condition of the new Chicago custom house. Secretary Bristow accepted the recommendations of the commission, and directed the supervising architect of the treasury to take down the parts of the structure they had condemned, and to pro- ceed with the reconstruction at once, With the water supply of the city of Boston Mr. Bradlee’s name must be per- manently identified. He was elected the member-at-large of the city water board for two years in 1865, and was afterwards re-elected for five terms consecutively. He resigned the office during his last term of service, on account of the severe pressure of his business. During 1868, ’69 and ’70, he was president of the water board. It was during this period that the reservoir on Chestnut Hill was constructed. The largest basin in this receptacle was desig- nated by the board the bradlee basin, out of compliment to him. In 1868 he published a remarkably able, accurate and detailed history of the intro- duction of pure water into the city of Bos- 76 BRADLEE. ton, with a description of the Cochituate water-works. He was the executor and trustee of a large number of estates, and held a very large amount of trust property, being trustee for over forty persons. He was a member of the commission appointed by the supreme Court in rela- tion to the location of the union station at NATHANIEL J. BRADLEE. Worcester. His associates were the late Chief Justice George T. Bigelow, and the late Governor Onslow Stearns of New Hampshire. Mr. Bradlee was president of the Massa- chusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, the Franklin Savings Bank, and Boston Storage Warehouse Company; one of the trustees of the New England Trust Company, and the Safe Deposit and Trust Company. He was also director in the Massachusetts Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Boston & Maine Railroad, East- ern Railroad, Maine Central Railroad, the New England Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany, and president of the Adamanta Man- ufacturing Company, the Massachusetts Title Insurance Company, the Chauncy Hall school, and the Roxbury Club. In 1876 he was the candidate of the citi- zens and on the Republican ticket for mayor. In 1887 he was nominated by the BRAGDON. citizens’ committee for the mayoralty, but declined the nomination. Mr. Bradlee was married April 27, 1856, to Julia R., the daughter of George F. Weld, formerly a merchant of Baltimore. She died August 11, 1880. He married again, December 29, 1881, Anna M., the daughter of Josiah H. Vose, of Rob- binston, Maine. In the death of Mr. Bradlee the city of Boston lost an enterprising, public spirited and loyal son, the business community a model of probity and intelligent adminis- tration of sacred trusts, social life a con- spicuous and ever welcome guest, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts one of her most modest — yet representative — sons. BRADY, PHILIP EDWARD, son of Philip and Rose (Goodwin) Brady, was born in Attleborough, Bristol county, August 16, 1859. He received his early education in the common schools of his native town, graduating from the high school in the class of 1877. Upon leaving school he entered a large jewelry manufacturing establishment in Attleborough, with the intention of fol- lowing that business, but a favorable op- portunity presenting itself for studying law, for which he always had a prefer- ence, he entered Harvard University law school in the fall of 1879, and graduated with the class of 1882, of which he was the youngest member, and received the degree of LL. B. He then entered the Jaw office of George A. Adams, of Attleborough, and was admitted to the Boston bar in the spring of 1883. Mr. Brady made a trip to Europe in the early part of 1885, on which occasion he traveled through Great Britain and France, and obtained a very good insight of the man- ners and customs of the mother country. Upon his return to the States, in the fall of the same year, he opened a law office in North Attleborough, where he practiced until July, 1886, when President Cleveland appointed him postmaster of Attleborough, when he removed to that town, continuing his practice there while attending to the duties of his official position. Mr. Brady is president of the High School Alumni Association, to which he was elected in 1887. BRAGDON, CHARLES CUSHMAN, son of Rev. Charles P. and Sarah (Cushman) Bragdon, was born in Auburn, Cayuga county, N. Y., September 6, 1847. He attended the public schools of his native town, and afterwards fitted for col- BRALEY. lege at the preparatory school of the Northwestern University, Evanston, Il, where he graduated in the class of 1865, subsequently receiving the degree of A.M. He was at one time associated with Alfred L. Sewell on * The Little Corporal,” a child’s monthly magazine published in Chicago, Ill.; taught in the academy at Elgin, Ill, in 1863 and ’64; served nine months in the 134th Illinois infantry, in 1864; returned to college and graduated as above. He taught two years in Dick- inson Seminary, Williamsport, Pa., four years in Wesleyan College, Cincinnati, O.; studied in Europe nearly two years ; taught Latin, Greek, and German in Jennings Seminary, Aurora, Ill., thence came to Auburndale, Mass., to take the position of principal of Lasell Seminary for young women, which position he still holds, and where he has been eminently successful. Mr. Bragdon was married in Williams- port, Pa., June 30, 1869, to Kate, daughter of John and Catharine (Tubbs) Ransom. Of this union are two children: Kate Belle and John Ransom Bragdon. BRALEY, HENRY KING, son of Samuel T. and Mary A. Braley, was born March 17, 1850, in Rochester, Plymouth county. HENRY K. BRALEY. His early education was obtained in the common schools of his native place, BRALEY. 77 Rochester Academy, and Pierce Academy. Middleborough. Later, he taught school for several years and studied law with Hon. Hosea Kingman, Bridgewater, and was admitted to the Plymouth bar, Octo- ber, 1873. He began the practice of law at Fall River, December, 1873, in partnership with Nicholas Hatheway (Hatheway & Braley). This relation continued three years. In 1876 he formed a law partnership with M. G. B. Swift, which has continued to date (Braley & Swift), in Fall River. Mr. Braley was married in Bridgewater, April 29, 1875, to Caroline W., daughter of Philander and Sarah T.Leach. Mr. Braley was city solicitor in 1874, and mayor of Fall River, 1882 and 1883. He is one of the vice-presidents of the Chil- dren’s Home, Fall River, director of Globe Yarn Mills, clerk of Border City Manufac- turing Company, and trustee of Fall River Savings Bank. He is past grand master I. O. O. F. of Massachusetts. BRALEY, THOMAS ELWOOD, son of Russell and Mehetabel (Williams) Braley, was born in Rochester, Bristol county, May 3, 1833. The district schools furnished his means of early education. This he supplemented by a course in a commercial college. In 1866 he engaged in the wholesale and re- tail tobacco business, and the manufacture of cigars in New Bedford,— the firm name being S. S. Haswell & Co. In 1870 he engaged in the retail grocery and provision business in the same city, under the firm title, T. E. Braley & Co. He is now employed in farming and poultry raising, and in company with two brothers, engaged in the raising of cran- berries. This is carried on as a special industry, by the making of “ cranberry bogs” on an extensive scale. He is also interested in orange raising in Flor- ida. Mr. Braley was married in Fall River, September 5, 1860, to Elizabeth, daughter of Silas and Mehetabel (Ashley) Williams. ‘They have no children. Mr. Braley has been president of the Farmers’ Club, a member of the Acushnet school board six years, and a justice of the peace since 1878. He followed the sea from 1852 till 1865, chiefly in the whaling industry. In 1854 he was shipwrecked, the vessel being a total loss, After fitting up the boats, the survivors started for the Kinsmill Islands, and not finding them, kept on for forty- 78 BRECK. nine days, until they made the Ladrone Islands. He is an active Mason, and has been Knight Templar twenty years; a “liberal” in religion, and a Republican in politics. He has been earnestly solicited to take some of the highest offices in the gift of his THOMAS E. BRALEY. town, but has invariably declined such honors. BRECK, CHARLES, son of Edward and Sarah (Vose) Breck, was born in Medfield, Norfolk county, January 11, 1798. His early education was the best which the common schools afforded eighty-five years ago. After three years spent at farming, his first employment was as a wool puller at which he worked for nineteen years, For four years following he worked at tanning, and has since been occupied in Milton at farming, surveying, and en- gaged in the business of various town offices. In Quincy, on the 2d of May, 1827, Mr. Breck was married to Mary A., daughter of Joseph and Derothy (Spear) Blanchard. This union continued for more than fifty one years. Their two children are:Mary E. and Charles E. C. Breck. In 1837 Mr. Breck was elected one of the board of selectmen. For thirty-four years he was town treasurer. These, with BRECK. other town offices, he held for fifty-one years, when, having passed his ninetieth year, he retired from office with the thanks of the town for his long continued and faithful service. For sixteen years he filled the office of clerk, collector and treasurer of the First Congregational church of Mil- ton, and for thirty-eight years he has held the office of director and agent of the Quincy Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which position he still retains. In 1825 Mr. Breck joined the Masonic order, lived through the anti-masonic furore without losing his faith in its princi- ples, saw it revived to more than its ancient glory, presided over what are now two of the most flourishing lodges in the state, and still retains his interest and well- grounded belief in its permanency. He represented the town of Milton in the lower branch of the Legislature in 1841 and 1842. Mr. Breck has been for many years clerk of the “Society in Milton for apprehend- CHARLES BRECK ing Horse Thieves,* one of the most unique organizations in the State. There are only two in existence, the other being located in Dedham. ‘The Milton society was founded in 1819, and every horse that has been stolen from any member since the formation of the society has been BREEN. recovered without additional expense to the owner. Until sixty years ago, Mr. Breck, as was the custom of the time, was addicted to the use of rum and tobacco. Then he abandoned their use altogether, and thinks he has lived longer and been able to do more and harder work without them than would have been possible by their aid. Valuable personal experience has made him an absolute temperance advocate, and he says of these principles that one thing, at least, is sure—if they have not pro- longed his life, they have not killed him. BREEN, JOHN, son of Patrick and Margaret (Heffernan) Breen, was born in Tipperary, Ireland, June 20, 1842. His parents were in comfortable circumstances at the time of his birth, but four years later were evicted from their farm, owing to religious and political disturbances that were presaging the troublous times of the Trish movement of 1848. The family came to America in 1847, and after a few years’ residence in other places, settled in Lawrence, April, 1853. Mr. Breen attended the public schools, and subsequently fitted for college in a private school. He entered St. Charles College, Ellicott Mills, Maryland, but on account of ill health he was forced to leave college without completing his course. He made subsequent attempts to retrieve what he had lost, by attending another private school, and finally took a course in Comer’s Commercial College in the city of Boston. He has since done what he could to supplement his school work, by study and application. He was an enthusiastic Fenian, and after his graduation from Comer’s, while em- ployed as book-keeper in the commission house of E. H. Walker & Co., he was ordered to Ireland by General Thomas F. Burke, a leader in Fenian circles. He went in December, 1867, and evading the strict surveillance of the detectives, reached Liverpool in safety. He followed his instructions faithfully, there, in Manches- ter, and in Dublin, where he went to pre- pare the people of Ireland for their part in the insurrection already planned. The treachery of Corydon, the informer, ren- dered all his plans abortive, and after per- sistent efforts and many dangerous devices to release a companion imprisoned in Dub- lin (Daniel Donovan of Lawrence), he gave up the fruitless attempts and returned to America in 1868. Soon after his return he entered the undertaking business with a very limited BREEN. 79 capital, but he had determination and integrity. These have in the end proved paying capital, and he enjoys a compe- tency he has justly earned. Mr. Breen was married at Boston, April 1, 1872, to Nancy Jane, daughter of Daniel G. and Roxanna (Tuttle) Brackett of Danville, N. H. Of this union are three children: Charles Francis, John Joseph, and Margaret Mary Breen. Mr. Breen’s interest in public affairs soon brought him into the domain of poli- tics. He was a member of the common council in 1876 and ’77, but resigned the latter year to take an appointment on the JOHN BREEN. board of fire engineers. He was elected mayor of Lawrence for the years 1882, ’83, and ’84, thus enjoying the distinction, it is claimed, of being the first Catholic or Irish-born mayor of any city in New England. Notwithstanding many adverse circumstances causing a general business depression during his term of service, Mayor Breen’s three years of administra- tion were marked by ability, and have left their traces on the city’s growth and pros- perity that will long proclaim him one of the city’s most energetic and praiseworthy public servants. Mr. Breen is one of the vice-presidents of the Irish National League in this state; chairman of the 80 BRICKETT. board of water commissioners, elected in 1884, and member of the school board since 1887. BRICKETT, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, son of Franklin and Mehitabel Dow (Bradley) Brickett, was born in Haverhill, Essex county, April ro, 1846. He was educated in the public schools, Phillips Academy, Exeter, where he was fitted for college; entered Dartmouth in 1863, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1867. Choosing the profession of law, he passed the usual preliminary studies, was gradu- ated from the Harvard law school, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He then taught school two years in Glendale, Ohio. He returned to Haverhill, in 1872, and commenced the practice of his profession, in which he is still successfully engaged. Mr. Brickett was chairman of the Demo- cratic city committee from 1882 to ’86; city solicitor, Haverhill, 1883, 84 and 85; a member of the school committee from 1876 to ’82; he has been closely identified with the politics of city and state, and is one of the most promising young Demo- crats in Essex county. Living in a strongly Republican city, Mr. Brickett has been at a decided disadvan- tage in gaining political preferment, but his efforts in behalf of his party, and in defence of his principles and convictions, have gained him prominence and distinction in the state. Mr. Brickett was married in Great Falls, N.H., July 25, 1889, to E. Jennie, daugh- ter of George and Eliza (Ricker) Guptill. BRIGHAM, LINCOLN FLAGG, son of Lincoln and Lucy (Forbes) Brigham, was born in Cambridgeport, Middlesex county, October 4, 1819. After obtaining his early education at the public schools, and fitting for college, he entered Dartmouth in 1838, graduating in 1842, and immediately entered the Harvard law school, where he graduated in 1844. He then studied law in the office of John H. Clifford and Harrison G. O. Colby, of New Bedford, where he was admitted to the bar in Bristol county court of common pleas in 1845. He formed a law partnership in New Bedford, with John H. Clifford, which lasted till the latter’s election as governor of Massachusetts, when Mr. Brigham was appointed district attorney for the southern criminal district, which office he held for six years. Upon the organization of the superior court, in 1859, Mr. Brigham was BRINE, made an associate justice and appointed Chief Justice in 1869, an office which he now holds. On the 20th of October, 1847, at New Bedford, Judge Brigham was married to Eliza Endicott, daughter of Thomas and Sylvia (Perry) Swain. Their children are : Thomas Swain, Lincoln Forbes, Clifford, and Augustus Perry Brigham. BRINE, WILLIAM HENRY, was born in Boston, September 23, 1841. He was the second child of Robert and Ellen Ann (Rowe) Brine, who were the parents of ten children, of whom nine are still living. The senior Brine and wife celebrated their golden wedding in 1888. Their children were all educated in the public schools of Cambridge, where Mr. Brine was a pupil at the Putnam school. In 1855, when about fourteen years of age, Mr. Brine entered the employ of Jon- athan Wheeler, a dealer in dry goods in East Cambridge, on a salary of one dollar per week. Alert and obliging, the boy soon became a salesman, and he soon transferred his connections to the well- known dry goods firm of Hogg, Brown & Taylor, of Boston, where close attention to the particulars of the business gave him the mastery of every detail and a comprehen- sion of its scope and possible extension. In 1860 Mr. Brine accepted a responsi- ble situation with the business of John Harrington, of Somerville, with whom in 1861, hardly twenty years of age, he became a partner. The young firm, united with W.L. Lovell, purchased the stock and stand of John Holmes & Co., in the city of Bos- ton, where they established the business which has since proved so large and suc- cessful. In 1884, after a prosperous career of over twenty years, the firm of John Har- rington & Co, was dissolved by the retire- ment of Mr. Harrington. Mr. Brine, in connection with John Henry Norcross, of the long established house of Lewis Cole- man & Co., then formed the firm of Brine & Norcross, In 1884 Mr. Brine visited Europe in the interest of the house, and established busi- ness connections with English and conti- nental manufacturers, which have proved of great advantage. Mr. Brine was married in East Cam- bridge, September 26, 1865, to Hannah Southwick, daughter of John and Cornelia (Devine) Cannon, of Cambridge. He now resides in Somerville, and has a family of six children: Henry Clinton, now a merchant in Cambridge, Ellen, Blanche, BROOKS. William Percival, Alfred, and Francis, all of whom have attended, or are at present pupils in the public schools. Politically, Mr. Brine has always acted with the Republican party, and rather than accept any office himself, has preferred to promote the advancement of others to sta- tions of power and influence. He was for many years treasurer of the Middlesex Club. He served twelve years as a trustee of the Somerville public library. Daily engaged with the details of a large and prosperous business, faithful in the dis- charge of all social and business obligations, Mr Brine yet finds time to make a cordial and practical response to the calls of phil- anthropy, and to join with his fellow-citi- zens in measures that tend to promote good government. BROOKS, FRANCIS (Francis Boott Brooks until 1854), son of Edward and Elizabeth (Boott) Brooks, was born in Med- ford, Middlesex county, November 1, 1824. Mr. Brooks comes of a line rich in his- toric associations, his ancestors being iden- tified with the leaders of public and social life for many generations. Thomas Brooks, the first of the name in New England, came from Suffolk, England, and settled in Watertown, where a lot was assigned him in 1631. In 1660 he bought some four hundred acres of the famous Cradock farm located in the town of Medford. His descendants were conspicuous in_ their service to the state, and in their contribu- tions to philanthropic and educational enterprises which tended to the up-build- ing of the infant colony. Governor John Brooks was a striking example of the best product of Massachusetts soil, and from 1752 to 1763 performed the duties of chief magistrate of the Commonwealth with the same fidelity and patriotic devo- tion as he displayed in his participation in the battle of Lexington, and in his intimate connection with General Washington's military life. Still later the social stand- ing of this family was emphasized by the marriage of two sisters of Edward, the father of Francis Brooks, to Edward Ever- ett and Charles Francis Adams. Mr. Brooks was first married May 6, 1850, to Mary Jones Chadwick, who died March 14, 1851. His second marriage occurred November 29, 1854, with Louise, daughter of Henry and Mary Ann (Davis) Winsor. Of this union were six children: Fanny, Edward, Henry, Frederic, Eliza- beth Boott, and Louise Winsor Brooks. In 1862 Mr. Brooks represented the town of Medford in the lower branch of BROOKS. SI the Legislature. Mr. Brooks was sent with Edmund I)wight to distribute the Boston French relief fund among the peasantry in the neighborhood of Paris after the Franco-Prussian war of 1871. BROOKS, PHILLIPS, son of William Gray and Mary Ann (Phillips) Brooks, was born in Boston, December 13, 1835. He received his early education at the common and high schools of Boston, where he fitted for Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1855, subsequently study- ing theology at the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Va. In 1859 he was ordained and became rector of the Church of the Advent, in Phil- adelphia. Three years later he took charge of the Church of the Holy Trinity, in that city, which position he occupied until 1869, when he became rector of Trinity Church, Boston, with which he is still identified. Dr. Brooks has risen to one of the most prominent positions in the Episcopal church. He has declined many calls to other churches since he became rector of Trinity Church in Boston —in 1881 to the Plummer professorship in Harvard College, and later the office of assistant bishop of Pennsylvania, to which he was elected in 1866—wisely preferring to re- main in his Boston parish, where he has become a power that may justly be said to be unrivaled in the church. His present church edifice, noted through- out the United States for its unique archi- tecture and fine interior decorations, was constructed at a cost of more than half a million dollars. In its pulpit the figure of Dr. Brooks has become one of the most familiar sights of Boston, and the immense auditorium is constantly thronged with an eager and expectant audience, in culture and intelligence second to none in the country. Dr. Brooks has published many of his sermons and lectures, among the most popular of which may be mentioned: “Our Mercies of Re-occupation”’ (Phila- delphia, 1865); ‘Addresses by Bishops and Clergy of the Protestant Episcopal Church” (Philadelphia, 1869) ; “The Liv- ing Church” (Philadelphia Protestant Episcopal Book Society, 1869); “Ser- mon preached before the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Bos- ton" (Boston, 1872); Address delivered May 30, 1873, at the dedication of An- dover (Mass.) Memorial Hall (Andover, 1873); “ Lectures in Preaching,” delivered before the Yale divinity school (New York, 1877); “The Influence of Jesus,” Bohlen 82 BROOKS. lectures, delivered in Philadelphia in 1879 (New York, 1879); * Pulpit and Popular Skepticism” (New York, 1879); “Candle of the Lord,” and twenty other sermons (New York, 1883); “Twenty Sermons” (New York, 1886); “Tolerance,” two lec- tures to divinity students (New York, 1887). BROOKS, WILLIAM HENRY, son of Reuben P. and Margaret (Eliot) Brooks, WILLIAM H. BROOKS. was born at Schuyler’s Lake, county, N. Y., January 5, 1855. He was given his early mental training principally at home. He fitted for college at the Clinton Liberal Institute, Clinton, N.Y., entered Dartmouth College in 1872, and was graduated in the class of 1876. He then studied law with Warren C. French, of Woodstock, Vt.; formed a law partnership with Edward W. Chapin, of Holyoke, in 1878; continued these rela- tions until 1882, when he withdrew from the law firm. Since the dissolution of the law partnership he has been in busi- ness for himself as practicing attorney, Holyoke, where he now resides. In October, 1877, he was married to Mary French, of Woodstock, Vt., who died in June, 1882. She was the daughter of Warren C. and Sarah (Steele) French. Of this union were three children: William Otsego BROWN. S., Eliot Palmer and Mary F. Brooks. His present wife, Jennie, was daughter of Ed- win and Maria (Adams) Chase. The issue of this marriage were two children: Rachel and Chase Brooks. Mr. Brooks was city solicitor of Holyoke for three years, 1881, 82 and ’83. In 188.4 he was nominated for mayor by the Re- publicans, and defeated by James E. Delaney, the Democratic candidate, by a small majority. BROWN, EDWIN, son of Albert and Mary Blair (Eaton) Brown, was born in Worcester, March 24, 1844. In 1860 he began his business life in the City Bank, Worcester. From 1862 to 63 he served in the late civil war as a private soldier in company C, 51st regiment, Mas- sachusetts volunteers, returning to the City Bank as book-keeper, and remaining there until 1867, EDWIN BROWN. From 1867 to ’68 he was teller in the Worcester National Bank, afterward becom- ing assistant cashier in the City National Bank, which position he held until 1871. From 1871 to ’80 he was one of the firm of T. K. Earle & Co., manufacturers of machine card clothing. He is now treasurer and manager of the T. K. Earle Manufacturing Company, Worcester, BROWN. * Mr. Brown was married in Worcester, June 12, 1872, to Mariana Mifflin, daughter of Timothy Keese and Nancy Shove (Hacker) Earle. Of this union are Earle, Edwin Hacker, Caspar Mifflin, and Lloyd Thornton Brown. BROWN, JEREMIAH, son of Asa and Sarah (Cook) Brown, was born in Hadley, Hampshire county, April 7, 1836. He is of sturdy New England stock, being de- scended from one of the earliest settlers of Hadley. When he was only three years old, his parents removed to the city of Northampton, where he received his early education in its public schools. On leaving school he learned the trade of mason, and has, for many years, been a prominent con- tractor and builder, the head of the firm of Brown & Bailey. In 1862 Mr. Brown enlisted in the 52d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, and faithfully served his full term of service. Upon: his discharge from the army, he returned to Northampton, and, in renewed connection with his partner, William the year 1849, while a United States commissioner of bankruptcy, he published a work on the national laws concerning bankruptcy. In 1850 he was a member of the executive council, when Emory Washburn was governor. To Mr. Chandler much is due for the reclaiming of the so-called “Back Bay” territory, and the act in 1859, providing for the general improvement in that ‘part of the city, and the establishing of the PELEG W. CHANDLER. Public Garden, was drawn by him. This act, which secured to Boston one of the most beautiful city gardens in the world, was submitted to the citizens, and by them accepted by a heavy majority. He was House chairman of the committee on water supply for Boston, and reported and suc- cessfully advocated the passage of the act to provide Boston with pure water. In 1860 Mr. Chandler was presidential elector at the first election of Abraham Lincoln as president. _ In 1867 Mr. Chandler published a strik- ing essay on the “Authenticity of the Gos- pels,” which afterwards appeared in book CHANDLER. 113 form, and has passed through several edi- tions. Mr. Chandler received the degree of LL. D. many years ago from Bowdoin Col- lege, and was an active member of its board of trustees. He was one of the oldest members of the Massachusetts His- torical Society, acting as its treasurer sev- eral years, standing at his death third on the list of active membership — Robert C. Winthrop and George E. Ellis preced- ing him. At the request of the society, he prepared a memoir of Governor An- drew, which appears in their proceedings. This memoir was afterwards greatly en- larged,and printed in a separate volume in 1880, Mr. Chandler’s career in law, literature and politics was characterized by marked industry, fearlessness and conscientious devotion to duty, making his work a credit to himself and to the community whose respect and confidence he so long enjoyed. In 1837 Mr. Chandler married, in Bruns- wick, Me., Martha Ann Bush, daughter of the late Professor Parker Cleveland, of Bowdoin College. Mrs. Chandler died in November, 1881, leaving a daughter and two sons: Ellen Maria, Horace Parker, and Parker Cleveland Chandler. CHANDLER, SETH, son of Roger and Lydia (Marshall) Chandler, was born in New Ipswich, Hillsborough county, N. H., December 2, 1806. His grandfather, Dea- con James Chandler, was of the earliest settlers of New Ipswich, and was a lineal descendant from Roger Chandler, who took such an important part in the Plymouth Colony and settled in Duxbury. In early boyhood Mr. Chandler was ap- prenticed to learn the trade of a machinist, at which he worked for a few years, but with a growing determination to enter the Christian ministry. Obtaining his educa- tion by difficult means, and through the aid of a private instructor, he was ordained as an evangelist in 1831, and a little later accepted an invitation to supply the small society in Oxford, Mass., where he remained two years. He then became the pastor of the First Congregational parish in Shirley, where he has passed the remainder of his active ministry. He began work in this parish, June, 1834, and continued his labors there for forty-five years, when age re- quired him to retire. He still resides in Shirley, at the advanced age of eighty-two ears. Mr. Chandler was married on the 16th of August, 1831, to Arvilla, daughter of Jo- 114 CHAPIN. seph and Julia (.\dams) Tenney of New Ipswich. His wife died in 1881, He was a member of the school board in Shirley for forty-two years, and treasurer of the town for seventeen years. He has not only been an active worker in his a SETH CHANDLER, church and society, but has been the au- thor of several valuable papers on various subjects of popular interest. CHAPIN, NAHUM, son of Harvey and Matte (Rossa) Chapin, was born in Jamai- ca, Windham county, Vt., July 16, 1820. His early education was received in the public schools of Waltham, where his parents settled in 1824. Subsequently he for four years attended Smith’s Academy at Waltham. After graduating he became an apprenticed machinist at the Boston Manufacturing Company at Waltham,where he was made overseer four years later, which position he held for three years. In 1840 he ventured into the provision business in Charlestown, in which he re- mained for twenty years. In 1860, under the firm name of Richardson & Chapin, he engaged in the distilling business, and in 1877 the firm of Chapin, Trull & Co. was established, and still continues in success- ful operation, with works at Charlestown, and headquarters in Boston. He repre- sented ward 5 in the state Legislature in CIIAPIN. the years 1877, ’78,and was on the board of assessors in Charlestown and Boston from 1867 to ’79, and was one of the commissioners to carry into effect the act of annexation of Charlestown to Boston. Mr. Chapin is a veteran and pioneer in educational circles, having for twenty-one consecutive years been in active service upon the school boards in Boston and Charlestown. His wide experience and practical knowledge have proved him an invaluable member of this most important of the city’s varied interests, and his con- scientious work has earned him the title of the “fighting member.”” He was influen- tial in changing the system of furnishing material for the different school depart- ments, and secured the order creating the committee on supplies, which has proved to be of great value financially, and in every way satisfactory. He served upon the common council in Charlestown from 1856 to ‘60, and was upon the board of aldermen in 1861 and ’72. NAHUM CHAPIN. In 1841, at Waltham, Mr. Chapin was married to Lucy, daughter of Zaccheus and Harriet Farwell. They have had four children: George Francis and Lucy E. F. Chapin, both of whom are married, and John Henry, and Nahum Harvey Chapin, both of whom are deceased, the latter be- CHASE. ing married, and dying at thirty-nine years of age. Mr. Chapin is one of the trustees of the Warren Institution for Savings, a member of the standing committee of the Universalist society, a director in the Bunker Hill National Bank; he was a director for many years in the Middlesex Horse Rail- toad, Boston Consolidated Street Railway and other corporations, and is one of the most esteemed on the roll of active mem- bership of the old City Guard of Charles- town, CHASE, CHARLES A., son of Anthony and Lydia (Earle) Chase, was born in Worcester, September 9g, 1833. His foundation educational training was received in the public schools of Worcester, where he fitted for Harvard College. He was graduated in the class of 1855. After his graduation he was seven years on the editorial staff of the “ Boston Daily Adver- tiser.”’ From 1865 to ’76 he was treasurer of the county of Worcester, and was register of deeds in 1876. He has been treasurer of Worcester County Institution for Say- ings since November, 1879. Mr. Chase was married in Boston, April 29, 1862, to Mary T., daughter of John and Mary (Gorman) Clark. ‘They have two children * M. Alice and Maud E. Chase. Mr. Chase is councilor of the Ameri- can Antiquarian Society, treasurer of the Washburn Memorial Hospital, director of the Worcester National Bank, and of the Merchants & Farmers Fire Insurance Company. CHASE, HENRY ADAMS, son of Edwin and Maria (Adams) Chase, was born in Nashua, Hillsborough county, N. H., August 4, 1840. He received his educa- tion in the public schools, the high school of Holyoke, Mass., being his last place of attendance. In 1861 he engaged in the lumber busi- ness with his father and brother, under the firm name of E. Chase & Sons. The firm dissolved upon the death of the senior partner, since which event Mr. Chase has carried on the business as sole proprietor, but still under the old name. Mr. Chase was married in Burlington, Vt., June 19, 1866, to Sarah J., daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Eldredge) Mayo. Of this union are six children: Edwin M., Henry M., Charles A., J. Paul, Laura and Richard W. Chase. Mr. Chase has served as alderman of Holyoke two years—1874 and ’75 —and CHASE, IIS county commissioner six years— 1880 to 87. He was president of the Republican club 1888. He has been secretary and treasurer of Holyoke public library from 1870 to the present time. His church connections are with the Second Baptist church, Holyoke, of which he has been clerk, and he has served as president of the Y. M. C. A. He has been a resident of Holyoke for forty years. CHASE, RUFUS DUDLEY, son of Rufus and Miriam (Gore) Chase, was born in Halifax, Windham county, Vt., March 27, 1823. He attended the public schools; fitted for college in Wesleyan Academy, Wilbra- RUFUS D. CHASE. ham; entered Dartmouth College 1541, and was graduated in the class of 1845. After graduating, he studied law with Asa Keyesand Royal Tyler, in Brattlebor- ough, Vt., and with Erasmus D. Beach in Springfield ; was admitted to the Franklin bar, March, 1849, and began practice of law in Orange, his present residence, Jan- uary 5, 1850. ; Mr. Chase was first married at Bellows Falls, Vt., July 3, 1858, to Catharine 0.; daughter of John and Abigail (Cook) Put- nam. Of this union were two children : Charles F., now living in Brookline, and Edward E. Chase, who died in infancy. 116 CHENEY. His second marriage was with Mrs. So- phronia W. Thompson, in Orange, January 18,1886. Mrs. Thompson was the daughter of Samuel and Rhoda (Huntress) Carll. They have one child, Fannie 5, Chase, now living, and Arria M. Chase, who died while an infant. Mr. Chase has held various town offices ; has been town clerk for twenty-two years, and now holds the office, and has been successful in his general practice. He is regarded asa useful local counselor and office lawyer, critical in adjustment and preparation of cases, and has the reputa- tion, by his conscientious advice, of saving his clients long, expensive and often use- less litigation. CHENEY, BENJAMIN PIERCE, was born in Hillsborough, Hillsborough county, N. H., August 12, 1815. His great-grand- father, Deacon Tristram Cheney, was one of the early settlers of Antrim, N. H., hav- ing been born in Dedham, moved to Fram- ingham, from there to Sudbury, and thence to Rindge, N. H., and subsequently to Antrim, where he located his homestead near Cork Bridge on what is known as the Diamond Dodge Place, where a number of children were born unto him. One of these, Elias, grandfather of Benjamin P., married first Miss Blanchard of West Deering, N. H., and subsequently Miss Deborah Win- chester of Hillsborough. Unto him were born nine children, of whom Jesse, the father of Benjamin P., was one. He served four years in the revolutionary war, two years for himself, one for his father, and one for his brother. Jesse mar- ried Miss Alice Steele of Antrim, to whom six children were born: William, who died in infancy, Benjamin Pierce, James, Jesse, Gilman, and John. Mr. Cheney received his first education in the common schools, which he left at a very early age, the embarrassed circum- stances of his father rendering it necessary for him to exert himself for his own and the family’s support. At the age of ten he was employed in his father’s black- smith shop, and before he was twelve years of age was employed in a tavern and store in Francistown. Indoor life proved detri- mental to his health, and he purchased his time of his father, and at the age of sixteen drove a stage from Nashua to Exeter, N. H.; at seventeen, from Keene to Nashua, a distance of fifty miles a day, for six con- secutive years. At twenty-three he was sent to Boston, No. 11 Elm Street, to act as agent for the various lines radiating from Nashua and CHENEY. the Lowell & Nashua Railroad. At twenty- seven, he with William Walker and Nathan- iel White, started an express from Boston to Montreal, which he continued, most of BENJAMIN P. CHENEY, the time under his own name, for nearly thirty-seven years, when it became merged into the American Express Company, he retaining a large interest in the company and remaining an officer until the present day. During this time Mr. Cheney became interested in the “ Overland Mail” to San Francisco, and in Wells, Fargo & Co,’s Ex- press, and as a result he became one of the pioneers in the Northern Pacific and other western railroads. Mr. Cheney was married June 6, 1865, to Elizabeth S., daughter of Asahel Clapp. Three daughters and two sons are the fruit of this marriage. On the r7th of June, 1886, he presented to his native state, a bronze statue of Daniel Webster, costing some twelve thou- sand dollars. The statue was placed in the State House park in Concord, N. H. The pedestal is of the finest Concord granite, and was designed by Thomas Ball and exe- cuted by him at Florence, the casting being made at Munich. Mr. Cheney’s residence is Boston, but he spends his summers on his Wellesley farm. CHOATE, CHOATE, CHARLES FRANCIS, son of Dr. George and Margaret (Hodges) Choate, was born in Salem, Essex county, May 16, 1828. He is a lineal descendant of John Choate, the common ancestor of this distinguished family in Massachusetts. John Choate came from the west of Eng- land to the colonies about 1641. The coat-of-arms belonging to the Choate fam- ily indicates its knightly origin. The early education of Mr. Choate was received in the public schools of Salem, ending in the Salem Latin school, where he prepared for college. He was gradu- ated from Harvard in the class of 1849. He then became a tutor in mathematics, and while discharging the duties appertain- ing to his position, also attended the law and scientific schools of the university. He was admitted to the Suffolk county bar in September, 1855, and at once opened a law office in Boston. His legal practice was largely devoted to railroad interests, including those of the Old Colony Rail- road Company, Boston & Maine Railroad Company, of which he was counsel. The knowledge and experience thus gained in twenty-two years of professional life eminently qualified him for the position he now holds. Mr. Choate’s primary association with the Old Colony Railroad was in the capacity of counselor to the corporation, having been employed as such since 1865. In 1872 he was elected to membership in the board of directors, and in 1877 was chosen president of the company by a unanimous vote. Since that time he has been honored with a consecutive annual re-election. Since his administration began, the record of the road has been one of contin- uous and remarkable prosperity. Simul- taneously with his election to the presi- dency of the Old Colony Railroad, he was elected to the presidency of the Old Colony Steamboat Company. Mr. Choate has been a director and vice- president of the New England Trust Com- pany for several years, and is vice-presi- dent of the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Company ; but with these excep- tions he has declined to accept any office in addition to those in which he has won so much distinction, and the duties and responsibilities of which are sufficiently exacting for the abilities of any one admin- istrator. Mr. Choate was married in Utica, N. Y., November 7, 1855, to Elizabeth W., daugh- ter of Edward and Hannah (Thompson) Carlile. Of this union were five children: CLAFLIN. 117 Edward C., Sarah C. (wife of J. Montgom- ery Sears), Margaret M., Helen, and Charles F. Choate, Jr. CLAFLIN, WILLIAM, son of Lee and Sarah (Adams) Claflin, was born in Mil- ford, Worcester county, March 6, 1818, He was educated in the public schools, in Milford Academy, where he prepared for college, and in Brown University, from which latter institution he was obliged to retire on account of ill health. He then worked in his father’s manu- factory for three years. For many years he was engaged in the wholesale boot and shoe business in St. Louis, Mo. (having gone there for the recovery of his health), and later on in Boston. He was a mem- ber of the House of Representatives from 1849 to ’53, inclusive; member of the state Senate in 1860 and’61, and president of the Senate the latter year; lieutenant- governor in 1866, 67 and '68, and governor, in 1869 ‘yo and ’71. In 1864 Mr. Claflin became a member of the national Republican executive com- mittee, and was its chairman from 1868 to *72. He was elected, as a Republican, to Congress from the 8th congressional dis- trict, and served two terms, from October 15, 1877, to March 4, 1881. In 1868 he received the degree of LL. D. from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., and in 1869 the same degree from Harvard. In his commercial career, from a small beginning, Mr. Claflin by his tact and en- terprise built up a large and prosperous business in the West. He returned to Bos- ton with the purpose of establishing him- self in the manufacture of boots and shoes. His venture proved successful, and expan- sions in his business succeeded each other to keep pace with the increasing demands of trade, until he has become one of the proprietors of a number of boot and shoe factories in different parts of Massachu- setts, employing a very large number of workmen. He is senior partner in the house of Claflin, Coburn & Co., Boston, Mr. Claflin has two sons: Arthur B. and Adams D., and one daughter, Mrs. Emma C. Ellis. In politics Mr. Claflin has ever been a staunch Republican, and all of his political honors have been given at the hands of that party, although his character and repu- tation have won the confidence and hearty support of many of his political opponents, and frequently carried him into office ahead of his ticket. His religious training and convictions early identified him with the 118 CLAPP. communion of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member of the Boston Wesleyan Association, president of the trustees of Boston University, and promi- nent in all enterprises which have for an end the upbuilding and broadening the work of the denomination. His wise and conservative judgment is constantly sought by his business associates, and among other offices of honor and trust, he finds time to perform the duties of trustee of several moneyed institutions. Mr. Claflin resides in Newtonville, dis- pensing a generous hospitality character- istic of a prosperous and intelligent man of affairs. CLAPP, CHARLES MARTIN, son of Mar- tin Gillett and Mary Ann (Gillett) Clapp, was born in Watertown, Jefferson county, N. Y., July 5, 1834. Myr. Clapp’s ancestors came from Devonshire, England, Edward Clapp coming to New England, and land- ing at Dorchester about 1633. He received his early education in the common schools, finished it and graduated at Monson Academy; soon after, he entered a country store and manufactory at South Deerfield, and went from there with same employers to Boston, and continued with them until they terminated their Boston business. He engaged in the rubber business in 1858, and has remained in it up to the present time—the firm since 1872 being C. M. Clapp & Co. The firm of C. M. Clapp & Co. own and operate the large manufacturing establish- ment incorporated as “The Etna Rubber Mills.” Mr. Clapp is president and treas- urer of the company. He is also inter- ested in other rubber companies. In 1865 Mr. Clapp was appointed United States Government inspector of rubber blankets, etc., in the quartermaster’s de- partment, located at Cincinnati, O., and served until contracts for blankets were completed. Mr. Clapp is director of the Atlas Na- tional Bank, the Boston Lead Manufactur- ing Company, and the E. Howard Watch & Clock Company; trustee of Forest Hills Cemetery, and Home Savings Bank, and treasurer of the Commercial Club, and for the past twenty-one years has been a mem- ber of the standing committee of the Church of the Unity. Mr. Clapp has never seen his way clear to accept political office, and yet by his intelligent grasp of public affairs and inti- mate relations with leading business men, has contributed not a little to the success CLAPP. of those movements which reflect the sen- timent of the better class of the com- munity, and which promote the public weal. CLAPP, EGBERT I., son of Luther and Lucy (Pomeroy) Clapp, was born in East- hampton, Hampshire county, June 15, 1842. Until twelve years of age he attended the North District school, Easthampton, then, after a lapse of several years, three terms in the English department, Williston Seminary, Easthampton. His business life began with his position as cashier for the Connecticut River Rail- road, Northampton station, 1866 to ’73. From 1873 to ’74 he was acting agent at same station. In 1874 he made a change in business, engaging in the fancy goods trade, St. Johnsbury, Vt. He removed to the state of Georgia the next year, and carried on the same line of trade in Charles- ton, S. C., and in Savannah and Atlanta, Ga. In 1877 he came back to Massachu- setts and settled in Northampton, engag- ing in the dry goods trade, which he con- tinued until the spring of 1885. He is now city clerk of Northampton, having been elected annually to that office, by the people, since the acceptance of a city charter, in 1883. Mr. Clapp was married in Northampton, April 27, 1869, to Annie L., daughter of William F, and Elizabeth (Clapp) Pratt. Of this union is one child: Bessie Pomeroy Clapp. Mr. Clapp served during the late civil war in the 31st regiment Massachusetts volunteers, known as the Western Bay State regiment of the New England divi- sion, from 1861 to the close of the war in 1865, one and one-half years as infantry and two and one-half years as cavalry, taking part in all campaigns in the Gulf department, including the Téche, Port Hudson, Red River and siege of Mobile, with the captures of Spanish Fort and Blakely. He was private, corporal, ser- geant, quartermaster-sergeant, and second lieutenant, successively. He was one of the charter members of W. L. Baker Post No. 86, G. A. R., Northampton, and quar- termaster of the Post from its organiza- tion in 1882, to 1885. CLAPP, GEORGE LYMAN, son_ of Washington and Mary D. (Robbins) Clapp, was born in Boston, March 30, 1848. He is a descendant of Roger Clapp, who came to this country in colo- nial days. Public schools of Boston, Holliston and Northampton, and St. Al- CLAPP, bans, Vt., furnished him with his school education, At seventeen years of age he began to learn the trade of printer —three years at job printing, then foreman at Holliston, until and after the establishment was re- moved to Framingham, 1871. In 1873 he was six months in partner- ship with J.C. Clark. In 1874 the J.C. Clark Printing Company was formed. He was president two years. In 1889 the name was changed to Lakeview Printing Company, of which he is manager. Mr. Clapp was married in ‘Vhomaston, Me., August 23, 1874, to Carrie C., daugh- ter of Edward and Almena (Drake) Hills. Of this union are three children: Florence A., Stanley E., and Grace L. Clapp. Mr. Clapp has been member of the Repub- lican town committee ; is a member of the Congregational church, and has _ been superintendent of the Sunday-school. He is always especially active in temperance work, and a prominent member of the “Temple of Honor.” His present residence is South Framing- ham. CLAPP, HENRY AUSTIN, son of John Pierce and Mary Ann (Bragg) Clapp, was born in Dorchester, Norfolk county, July 17, 1841. He obtained his early educational train- ing in the public schools of Dorchester, in the high school of which town he fitted for college. He entered Harvard College in 1856 and was graduated in 1860. He taught school a few months after graduation, then studied law at the Har- vard law school, and took the degree of LL. B. He then studied in the Boston office of D. H. Mason, and of Hutchins & Wheeler; was admitted to the bar in Boston, in 1865 ; in 1875 he was appointed assistant clerk of the supreme judicial court for the county of Suffolk : held this position till January, 1888, when he was appointed clerk of the supreme judicial court for the Commonwealth, which posi- tion he now holds. Mr. Clapp was married in Oswego, N.Y., June 23, 1869, to Florence, daughter of Edwin W. and Charlotte (Ambler) Clarke. Of this union is one child: Roger Clapp. Mr. Clapp was a private in company F., 44th regiment Massachusetts volunteer soldiers, who enlisted for nine months, from August, 1862, to June, 1863. He served with his regiment a greater part of the time in eastern North Carolina. He was for many years dramatic and musical critic for the “ Boston Jaily Ad- CLAPP, f1g vertiser,” and is now the dramatic critic for the same paper. He has been a stu- dent of the drama and dramatic literature for many years, and in 1885 began giving public lectures on Shakespeare’s plays. These have drawn the attention of many Shakespearean scholars, and have been re- ceived with great favor. CLAPP, WILLIAM WARLAND, son of William Warland and Hannah Williams (Lane) Clapp, was born in Boston, April II, 1826, His early education was obtained in Boston, supplemented by two years’ school- ing in France. His father was editor of the ‘‘Saturday Evening Gazette,” pub- lished in Boston, and his first venture in business was as associate editor with him. In 1847 he became editor and _ proprie- tor. In 1865 he sold the “ Gazette” and became connected with the “ Boston Jour- nal,’ of which he is at present editor-in- chief and general manager. The proprietor and editor of a leading journal occupies a vantage ground which may make or mar a reputation, build up or tear down a cause worthy of public ap- proval and support. Not only the city of Boston, but the state at large, has reason for congratulation that the “ Boston Jour- nal” has for so long a time remained in such safe, sagacious and thoroughly clean hands. It is considered one of the best general newspapers for the family pub- lished in the country. It is the acknowl- edged exponent of the best elements of the Republican party, and its able and conservative editorials have usually an- ticipated the text of the party platform, and outlined its successful policy. While its editor has at times succumbed to the imperative demands of his fellow-citizens, and reluctantly accepted office, yet his disposition and training cause him to shrink from such publicity. What few hours he can spare from the editorial sanctum are spent far more to his tastes among the flowers and in the garden which adorn his summer residence on the famous “Jerusalem Road” at Cohasset. His am- bition is still to maintain for his paper the reputation, so long enjoyed, of being pure in tone, fair in politics, and reliable in its news. Mr. Clapp was married in Boston, Sep- tember 30, 1850, to Caroline, daughter of George and Muary(Hastings) Dennie. Their children are: Mary, George and Mabel. Mr. Clapp in 1859 and ’60 served as member of the Boston common council ; in 1864 and '65 he was a member of the 120 CLARK. board of aldermen, the latter year being elected as a member of the state Senate. He was appointed aide-de-camp to Gover- nor Banks, and served on the personal staff of Governor Andrew, with title of heut.-colonel. He has been a director of public institutions, and a trustee of the public library. He is a member of Revere Lodge, and has been a member of the Boston Encamp- ment. He is a member of the Algonquin, St. Botolph and Boston Art clubs, and of the Boston Athletic Association. He delivered the triennial address be- fore the Massachusetts Charitable Me- chanic Association in 1859. In early life Mr. Clapp gave attention to the drama, and wrote the record of the Boston stage, and also the article on “The Drama in Boston ”’ in the “ Memorial History of Bos- ton” (Osgood & Co.). He is now,and has been for severalyears, president of the New England Associated Press. Mr. Clapp possesses an excellent and most valuable library of general reference books, which, with his intimate knowledge of localities, and his long association with the leading citizens of Boston, render him one well qualified to sit in kindly judg- ment on their affairs, and to intelligently indicate the road to social success and commercial prosperity. CLARK, AUGUSTUS NINIAN, son of Ninian and Sally (Warner) Clark, was born in Hancock, Hillsborough county, N. H., March 23, 1811. All his knowledge of the ordinary school curriculum was obtained in the common district school of his native town. From seventeen years of age until the expiration of his minority, he worked as clerk in the dry goods and apothecary store of William Endicott, Sr., in Beverly, Mass. After his becoming of age, he con- tinued in the same business in Beverly on his own account until 1858, when he be- came interested in the manufacture of machine leather belting, in Boston. This, with other enterprises in which he became engaged in that city, gave him a busy and prosperous life for twenty-five years; but from all of these lines of business he has now practically retired. During these years he has retained his home in Beverly, the town of his adoption. Mr. Clark was married in Beverly, August 23, 1838, to Hitty, daughter of Eben and Lydia (Ray) Smith. Mrs. Clark died in May, 1888. Of four children only one survives: Sarah Warner Clark. CLARK. Mr. Clark has always taken an active part in all efforts for the promotion of the industry and prosperity of this beautiful sea-girt town, in which he has resided since leaving his paternal roof in 1828, and he puts himself on record as opposed to any action of the Legislature looking to the division of its territory. He represented the town in the Legislature in 1861, and was presidential elector in 1880, casting his vote for General Garfield. Mr. Clark was a Whig in the campaign of 1840, early espoused the anti-slavery cause, and has been an active member of the Republican party from its organiza- tion. He isa trustee of Beverly Savings Bank, has been director and treasurer in several corporations —some of them for many years. His church connections are with the Dane Street society, as a member of which he has ever manifested a great interest in its prosperity, both by personal effort and liberal contributions. He acted as its musical director for many years. CLARK, CHARLES NATHANIEL, was born at Northampton, Hampshire county, on the 4th day of April, 1853. His father, CHARLES N. CLARK. Charles Clark, and his mother, Mary (Strong) Clark, represented two of those old families whose appearance in this town was contemporaneous with its very settle- CLARK. ment; and the identity of interests so estab- lished have been perpetuated and confirmed by the life of their descendant. Mr. Clark received his early education in the public schools of Northampton, and was graduated from its high school in 1869. He then entered Amherst College and was graduated in the class of 1873. After graduation, he taught for one year in the Hitchcock free high school of Brimfield. In January, 1875, he began the study of law in the office of Delano & Hammond, at Northampton, and was admitted to prac- tice in the state courts in October, 1877, and in the courts of the United States in January, 1880. Since his admission to the bar, he has pursued his calling at North- ampton. In religious matters, following the family habit and custom, he has always been associated with the Congregationalist society — called the First Parish —and was for several years a member and chairman of its board of assessors. In politics he is a Republican, and for eight years was chairman of the town and city committee. During the years 1883, ’84, °85, he represented the rst Hampshire district in the House of Representatives, and was a member of the state Senate for the years 1887 and 1888 from the Berk- shire and Hampshire senatorial district. While in the Legislature, he served on numerous committees, including the Hoo- sac Tunnel and Troy & Greenfield rail- toad, claims, judiciary, public service, bills in the third reading and mercantile affairs. He is now a member of the Re- publican state central committee. He has served for a number of years on the school committee. He has been prominent among the business men of Northampton, and is now president of the Hampshire Mutual Fire Insurance Company, a director in the Northampton National Bank and the North- ampton Cutlery Company, and treasurer of the Northampton Paper Company. In June, 1888, he was elected treasurer of Smith College, which position he now fills, CLARK, CHESTER WARD, son. of Amasa Ford and Belinda (Ward) Clark, was born in Glover, Orleans county, Vt., August 9, 1851. His education was ob- tained in the public schools and academy of his native town, and at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H. He began the study of law in the office of B.C. Moulton, Boston, 1874, and was admitted to the bar, March 12, 1878. He has since applied himself assiduously to the practice of his profession in Boston, CLARK. I2I and has met with a great degree of suc- cess, His residence is Wilmington. He is always active in the adoption and prosecu- CHESTER W. CLARK. tion of plans for public improvements, especially in educational matters. He has served as chairman of the school board, and largely to his efforts are due the im- proved school accommodations in Wil- mington. His religious connections are with the Congregational church, of which he has been clerk for several years. Mr. Clark is unmarried. CLARK, DANIEL, son of Hamlin and Cynthia (Heath) Clark, was born in Ty- ringham, Berkshire county, January 1, 1819. Inthe common schools he laid the foundation of an education which he has since obtained by self culture. In early youth he possessed a fondness for natural history, and began collecting and classify- ing specimens illustrative of the science. Choosing the vocation of a farmer, from his love of rural life and agricultural pur- suits, he became influential in organizing farmers’ clubs and introducing specialties that proved beneficial to himself and neighboring agriculturists. Mr. Clark has had no taste for public office which would call him from the more congenial occupations and delights of 122 CLARK. home life, but has accepted many positions of trust and responsibility which have been offered him by his own townsmen, He was commissioned justice of the peace in 1859; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; has been a life-long anti-slavery andtemperance man ; was first a Whig, then a Republican, when that party came into existence, Mr. Clark has from his youth been a noted collector of minerals, historic relics, rare coins and general curiosities. Since retiring from active business he has de- voted most of his time to perfecting his large and comprehensive cabinets. These have attracted the wide-spread attention of scientists and students of geology, mineralogy, archeology and numismatics. His study of the crystalline rocks of west- ern Massachuseits has resulted in the dis- covery, by J. D. Dana, of lower silu- rian fossils from a metamorphic lme- DANIEL CLARK, stone of the Ticonic rocks of Emmons, which proves the whole ‘Viconic series to be of lower silurian age. Mr. Clark has been trustee of Lee Savings Bank, and was interested in the organization of the Berkshire Historical and Scientific Society. He was first married February 3, 1841, to Sophia, daughter of William and Lu- CLARK. cinda (Heath) Stedman. Mrs. Clark died November 11, 1872. He was again mar- ried in Springfield, March 18, 1880, to Juliette Smith White, daughter of Matthew and Clarissa (Moore) Smith. He has one son, Hamlin F. Clark, issue of first mar- riage. CLARK, DAVID HARRIS, son of John B. and Harriet Loney (Cadett) Clark, was born in Dunham, Missisquoi county, P.Q., October 24, 1836, of American pa- rents. While he was quite young, his parents removed to De Peyster, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., where his father lately died, aged eighty-eight years, having been born in Canaan, N. H., in 1800. Mr. Clark obtained a common school education in the schools of De Peyster, and Natick, Mass., where he came in 1851, being fifteen years of age. Here he learned the trade of shoemaker. In 1858 occurred the great strike, in which he took an active part, and when work was resumed he was in Holliston, at work for Mr. John Batcheller, where he remained until 1861, when he enlisted in company B., 16th regiment Massachusetts volunteers, July 2d, of that year. He served through the term of enlistment, was wounded, taken prisoner, paroled, experi- enced all there was of pleasure and pain in a three years’ campaign service, and was mustered out with the regiment at Faneuil Hall, Boston, July 27, 1864. He is now an operator on a McKay Heeling Machine in the factory of John O. Wilson & Co., Natick, where he has worked for thirteen years. He was married in Sherborn, Mass., December 2, 1864, to Susan Augusta Loud, of Orrington, Maine. Their chil- dren are: Annie Louise and Ralph Loud Clark. Mr. Clark was representative to the General Court in 1888. He was a charter member of Post 6, G. A. R., Holliston, and was its adjutant two terms ; was command- er of Ezra Batcheller Post, North Brook- field; while in North Brookfield was em- ployed in the factory of E. & A. H. Batch- eller & Co.; is a member of the I. O. O. F., and of the Grand Lodge of Massachu- setts; has been master workman of local assembly 2,238, also dictator of King Philip Lodge, Knights of Honor. He is a member of the Congregational church, a worker in every benevolent en- terprise, a strong temperance advocate, a Republican, and a friend and champion of the laboring man. CLARK. CLARK, EMBURY P., son of Chandler and Joanna (Woodward) Clark, was born in Buckland, Franklin county, March 31, 1843. His early education was received in the public schools. He removed with his parents to Holyoke in 1858, where his father opened a shoe store in which the son assisted as clerk. He has lived in Holyoke ever since, with ey po * EMBURY P CLARK. the exception of the time spent in the army during the late civil war. He enlisted in 1862, at the age of seven- teen, joining company B, of the 46th regiment Massachusetts volunteers. This was a nine months’ regiment, and was stationed in North Carolina, and with the army of the Potomac. Colonel Clark was then a non-commissioned officer of his company. After returning from the war he entered the employ of E. H. Flagg, and learned the drug business, remaining with Mr. Flagg until he retired from busi- ness, Since 1876 he has been registrar of the Holyoke water-works. Colonel Clark has taken great interest in educational matters, having been a member of the school board continuously for eleven years, and is now vice-chairman of that body. He has been prominent in G. A. R. affairs, and was commander of Post 71 for five years. In CLARK. 123 social, benevolent and musical societies he has been a leading spirit. In military affairs Colonel Clark has always taken a prominent part. He was a sergeant in Co. Kk, 2d regiment in 1868, and elected captain, June 4, 1869. August 14, 1871, he was commissioned major of the 2d regiment, and August 3t, 1875, lieutenant-colonel. | Upon the re-organi- zation of the militia in 1876, Colonel Clark was discharged with all other officers above the rank of captain. He again entered service as captain of Co. D, 2d regiment, December 23, 1878, and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, August 2, 1879, which position he held until February 2, 1889, when he was elected colonel. Colonel Clark is popular with the militia, and is an able officer and strict disciplin- arian. He was married in 1866 to Eliza A., daughter of Perley and Julia M. (Field) Seaver. Of this union are four children : Kate E., Edward 3., Frederick B. and Alice M. Clark. CLARK, ISAIAH RAYMOND, son. of Ripley and Mary Ann (Raymond) Clark, was born in Felchville, Windsor county, Vermont, January 1, 1853. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public schools of Felchville and Windsor, Vt. Fitting for college, he entered Dartmouth, from which he was graduated in the class of 1873. Choosing the profession of the law, he pursued his studies with the Hon. A. A. Ranney, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in February, 1876, since which time he has continued in the honorable and successful practice of his profession in the city of Boston, where he resides. Mr. Clark was married in Windsor, Vt., November 14, 1878, to Katherine, daughter of Charles and Jane (Rowley) Cummings. CLARK, JAMES WILSON, son of Peter and Elizabeth (Wilson) Clark, was born in Hopkinton, Middlesex county, April 13, 1802, His early education was limited to the common schools of those days, and his occupation was the usual one for a lad living on a farm. At eighteen years of age he entered a factory store in Med- way, as clerk, remaining four and a half years, then served for eighteen months as clerk in a store in Boston. In 1826 he went into business, keeping a variety store in Medway, where he re- mained until 1829. He then removed te 124 CLARK. Boston, and there, and in New York, carried on the American dry goods com- mission business until 1865, when he re- tired. He resided in Boston until 1846 only, then removed to Framingham, where he still resides. Mr. Clark was married in Medway, February 14, 1828, to Mary Ann, daughter of George and Lois (Whiting) Barber. Of this union was one child: George Barber (deceased). He was married the second time in Worcester, March 24, 1842, to Catharine Monroe, daughter of Dr. David and Catharine (Monroe) March, of Sutton. Of this union were six children: Edmund Sanford, Catharine Elizabeth, Emily Jo- honot, Frances Augusta, James Wilson, and Arthur March Clark. (Catharine and Frances deceased). Mr. Clark was thirty years director in the Framingham National Bank (1849 to *79), and many years its president ; direc- tor in South Framingham National Bank (1880 to '89), also its president ; two years president of the South Middlesex Agricul- tural Society (1856 and ’57); representa- tive to the General Court five consecutive years (1861 to ’65); was one of a delega- tion in 1866 from Massachusetts to meet delegations from all the States of the Union to consider and compare the politi- cal opinions of the Republican party with regard to its status at the time, and its future policy. Their meeting was in Phila- delphia, September of that year. In 1871 he was state senator. In 1873, by appointment of Governor Washburn, he attended, as commissioner, the exposition at Vienna, Austria. He has been justice of the peace twenty-one years; member of the American Pomological Society, the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, the New England Historic Genealogical So- ciety ; director in the Tremont and Suffolk Mills, Lowell, and in the Bates Manufac- turing Company, Lewiston, Me. He has made many voyages across the Atlantic, and has spent portions of several years in Europe, both for business and recreation. Mr. Clark is an active Republican. He voted for John (Juincy Adams for presi- dent of the United States, and for John Bailey for representative to Congress, in 1824, and has voted for every Whig and Republican nominee for these offices since. CLARK, JEREMIAH, son of Ebenezer and Sarah (Bullock) Clark, was born Feb- ruary rr, 1819, in Washington, Orange county, Vermont. He drew his education from the common schools. CLARK. He entered the Lowell Machine Shop to learn the trade of machinist in 1836, re- maining there thirty years, having for some time been contractor for tools and cotton machinery. He then went into business as manufac- turer of card clothing, and organized the Lowell Card Company in 1873, of which he is president. In 1886 he became presi- dent of the Mechanics’ Savings Bank. He is now a heavy dealer in both new and second-hand machinery. Mr. Clark was married in Lowell, 1840, to Lucy, daughter of Samuel and Eunice (Jaquith) Chamberlain. They have no children. Mr. Clark was called by his city to serve in the common council in 1852. He was elected to the House of Representatives, 1860 and ’61, and to the Senate, 1873. He was two years president of the Mechanics’ Association of Lowell, is now one of the trustees of the Old Ladies’ Home, trustee of the Young Women’s and Children’s Home, Lowell, and has been treasurer of the Worthen Street M. E. church since 1860. CLARK, JONAS G., the son of William S. and Elizabeth Clark, was born in Hub- bardston, Worcester county, February 1, 1815. His father was a farmer, and the son worked on the farm until the age of eighteen, laying the physical foundation for a sturdy manhood. He then learned a trade, in which he later built up an extensive business. His affairs enlarged, and from a central office in State Street, Boston, he managed the general business of several stores he had established. In 1836 he married Susan W., daughter of Bildad and Rhoda Wright. In 1853, leaving manifold interests, he went to San Francisco, where he remained five years. He has since twice revisited the Pacific coast. His transactions in California were fairly successful, but the largest proportion of his great wealth has been accumulated since he located in New York City, thirty years ago, establishing the office there which he still retains. His acquaintance with business men and moneyed institutions secured him ad- vantages he was able to turn to good account, but the sources of his vast accu- mulations, and the germs of his uniform success, go back to his careful training among the New England hills. Mr. Clark has so managed _ his business that he has been enabled to allow long in- CLARK. tervals for rest and study, which have been devoted to extensive travel. ‘Ihis has ex- tended to every country in Europe, as well as to Africa and the Orient. Eight years of his life have been thus spent. During these years of travel and con- genial study, no subject was more atten- tively investigated and more deeply im- pressed, than the ways and means by which knowledge is perpetuated and diffused among men. The origin and development of univer- sities were studied by visiting not only the earliest seats of medizval learning, Salerno, Cordova, Montpellier, etc., but Thebes, JONAS G. CLARK. Heliopolis, Memphis, Alexandria, Jerusa- lem, Constantinople, Athens, and other of the original but now practically obliterated centres of academic life, were also explored and their records collected and studied. The migrations of ancient libraries and manuscripts were traced, and a collection of rare and early books was made. Foun- dations, applying the highest special cul- ture of one generation to the best and brightest youths of the next, were seen to be the most valuable of all human insti- tutions. This has resulted in the crowning work of his life—the founding and endowment of Clark University of Worcester. This CLARK. 125 University is established for the purpose of bringing within the reach of American youths the advantages of a training which embraces the most desirable features of the French, German and American institu- tions, and of furnishing a higher grade of academic and professional training than is now supplied in the universities of this country. Mr. Clark is an enthusiastic lover of books, and knows them thoroughly. He possesses, as the result of patient research for many years, a large collection of rare volumes in his library, which is probably the most complete and costly private col- lection of early manuscripts and choice old first editions in the Commonwealth. He has also a large collection of valuable works of art that he has made it the pleas- ure of his life to collect. This library will be transferred to the University. The University and its endowment, al- though the largest, is but one of his many generous bequests. Hubbardston, his na- tive place, owes a free public library and town building with an endowment to him alone. He is one of the few who seek to benefit the world by a judicious use of their wealth, before they are called by death to relinquish it to the control of others. CLARK, SCHUYLER, son of Reuben and Catherine (Green) Clark, was born in Coeymans, Albany county, New York, August 15, 1841. He is a lineal descend- ant of Oliver Clark, born in 1714, who settled in Montgomery, Hampden county, 1767, and where the family has always been prominent. His mother is from revolu- tionary stock, the daughter of Daniel Green (Albany county, N. Y.), and her maternal grandfather served through the war of the revolution. He was educated in the common schools of Huntington, Mass. His early life was spent on a farm, his occupation varied by occasional school teaching. Later, he was engaged a few years as traveling salesman, usually teaching during the win- ter months. He next studied law, and was admitted to the Hampshire county bar. He formed a partnership with George Kress, of Hunt- ington, under the firm name of Kress & Clark. ; Mr. Clark was married in Huntington, September, 1869, to Frances L., daughter of Elijah N. and Sarah A. Woods. Of this union there is no issue. Mr. Clark has often been called to serve his town and state in municipal and legis- 126 CLARK. lative offices. He was at one time a member of the school board, and has been chairman of the selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor from 1881 to the present time. He represented his district SCHUYLER CLARK. in the House of Representatives 1888, serv- ing on the committee of county estimates and water supply —clerk of the latter committee. His church connections are with the Congregational church, of which he has been a member and officer for a number of years, He has been for ten years a general correspondent for the leading newspapers in western Massachusetts. Mr. Clark is an ardent Republican and a consistent worker in the temperance cause. CLARK, SETH W., son of Chester and Minerva (Jones) Clark, was born in Plain- field, Hampshire county, September 22, 1833. Until eighteen years of age, the common schools furnished his educational training. He subsequently attended Arms Academy and the high school, Shelburne Falls, for two or three years. He began his business life as bank clerk in Brooklyn, N. Y., where he remained one year. He was afterwards cashier and CLARK. accountant in New York City for six years. He finally chose agricultural pursuits as better suited to his health than a special commercial career, and has ever since been engaged in farming; making the dairy a specialty for the past eight years. In earlier life he devoted considerable of his leisure time to photography, music and the invention of various mechanical devices. He is president of the Cummington Creamery Association; vice-president of the Hillside Agricultural Society at Cum- mington, also its delegate to the state board of agriculture. He has held the office of president and general manager of the Cummington Creamery Company since its organization in 1886. He has for a year past lectured in various parts of the State upon the subject of co-operative dairying, under the auspices of the state board, the substance of the lecture being published by the board in their report of 1888. Mr. Clark has been deacon in the Con- gregational church twelve years ; superin- tendent of Sunday-school fifteen years; member of the school board seventeen years ; seven years on the board of select- men, assessors, and overseers of the poor — three years its chairman. He has served three years as tax collector. He took the town census in the years 1875 and 1885 Mr. Clark was married in Brooklyn, N. Y., September 3, 1855, to Nancy, daughter of Jacob and Lucy H. (Howes) Jones. Of this union are six children: Ella M, Frederic D., Harry D, Alice C., Marion N. and Frank S. Clark (deceased). His residence is Plainfield. CLARK, WILLIAM ROBERT, son of Robert and Phila (Griswold) Clark, was born in Greenfield, Franklin county, Sep- tember 26, 1822. He prepared for college at Newbury Seminary, Vt., and at the Wesleyan Acade- my, Wilbraham. He then entered the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in 1848, and graduated in 1852. He was a member of the Eclectic Fra- ternity, and of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Wesleyan University chapter. In 1844 he joined the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was stationed at Petersham, and afterwards at Springfield. In 1847 he located,and pursued his collegiate studies. In 1852 he rejoined the New England Conference and was stationed at Malden. In 1853 he was superannuated on account of ill-health, and in 1854-5 stationed at Walnut Street, Chelsea ; 1856-7 Bromfield Street, Boston; 1858-9 Common Street, CLARKE. Lynn; 1860—’r St. Paul’s church, Lowell ; 1862 transferred to Maine Conference and stationed at Portland; 1864~—’6 re-admitted to New England Conference, and stationed at Pynchon Street. Springfield; 1867—’9 Meridian Street, East Boston; 1870-3 served as presiding elder, Boston district ; 1874-6 stationed at Trinity Church, Charlestown ; 1877-’9 Saratoga Street, East Boston; 1880 supernumerary — in poor health: 1881—’3 Jamaica Plain, Bos- ton; 1884-6 St. Paul’s, Lynn ; and 1887~’9 Newton Centre. In 1864 Mr. Clark was a delegate of the United States Christian Commission, and in 1869 received an honorary D. D. from Lawrence University, Wisconsin ; in 1872 was fraternal delegate to a conference of Wesleyan Methodists in eastern British America; 1868, ’72 and ’76 delegate to General Conference Methodist Episcopal church. In 1866, ’67, 68, and in 1876, ’77, 78, ‘79, he was a member of the missionary and church extension committees of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has held along and honorable career as an intelligent, eloquent and conscien- tious religious teacher. June 9, 1845, Mr. Clark was married to Eliza, daughter of Aaron and Louisa (San- derson) Brooks of Petersham. Their chil- dren are Anne Elizaand Ellen Urania Clark. Mr. Clark is trustee of the Boston Uni- versity, and secretary of its board of trust, director of the New England Education Society, the New England Methodist His- torical Society, the New England Chau- tauqua Sunday-school Assembly, and the Wesleyan Home, and president of the board of directors of the South Framing- ham Camp Meeting Association. CLARKE, AUGUSTUS PECK, son of Seth Darling and Fanny (Peck) Clarke, was born in Pawtucket, Providence county, R. L, September 24, 1833. He prepared for college at the Univer- sity grammar school, Providence, R. I., and was graduated from Brown University in the class of 1860, and received from that university the degree of A. M. He studied medicine in the Harvard medical school and received the degree of M. D. in the class of 1862. August 1, 1861, he entered the service of the United States army as assistant- surgeon of the 6th regiment New York cavalry, and was on duty in this capacity with the Army of the Potomac until May 5, 1863, when he was promoted to the rank of surgeon of that regiment. No- CLARKE. 129 vember, 1863, he was assigned to duty as surgeon-in-chief of the 2d brigade, 1st division of Sheridan's cavalry, and served as such until the opening of the campaign in February, 1865, when he was appointed surgeon-in-chief of the 1st cavalry divis- ion, Sheridan's corps, of the Army of the Potomac, which position he held until the close of the war. He was mustered out October, 1865, and was appointed “ brevet lieut.-colonel, New York State volunteers, for faithful and meritorious conduct dur- ing his term of service.” Juring this more than four years’ service he was present and on duty in eighty-two battles and engagements, viz.: from the battle of York- town, Va, May 4, 1862, to Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865. During the seven days’ battles of the Peninsular campaign in 1862, Dr. Clarke was taken prisoner at the battle of Savage Station, Va., June 29th, was afterward sent to Richmond, and on August 1st, after much suffering, was exchanged. Immedi- ately after the close of his military service, he removed to Cambridge, where he soon AUGUSTUS P. CLARKE. established a reputation in the practice of medicine, in which profession he has since continued his labors. Dr. Clarke was married in Bristol, R. L., October 23, 1861, to Mary H., daughter of 128 CLARKE, the late Gideon and Hannah Orne Gray. Of this union are two daughters: Inez Louise and Genevieve Clarke. He was elected to the Cambridge com- mon council in 1871 and 1873, and to the board of aldermen, 1874, but declined further political service. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and has been one of its councilors; is vice- president of the Gynecological Society of Boston; member of the American Acad- emy of Medicine; the American Associa- tion of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and of the American Public Health Asso- ciation, also of the American Medical Association. He was one of the origina- tors of the Cambridge Medical Society, and was its secretary several years ; also mem- ber of the Ninth International Medical Con- gress ; has been a frequent contributor of articles to different medical societies and journals. He is a prominent member of the Cambridge Club and Art Circle, holds his church connection with the First Baptist church of Cambridge, is one of its standing committee, and also a mem- ber of the Boston Baptist Social Union. He is a member of several charitable and fraternal societies, member of the G. A. R. and of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. CLARKE, JOSIAH HOWE, son of Benja- min and Lucy (Howe) Clarke, was born in Marlborough, Middlesex county, December 26, 1827. He was educated in the public schools of Marlborough, and at Leicester Academy. He entered business life as partner in the firm of Bucklin, Clarke & Co., in Marl- borough, in 1847. In 1850 he went to Worcester, and in 1853 engaged in the dry goods business. Mr. Clarke was married in Worcester, December 15, 1858, to Frances C., daughter of Horace and Mary (Woodworth) Ayres. Of this union were four children: Mary Woodworth, Fanny Ayres, Josiah Howe, Jr., and Grace Howe Clarke (deceased). Mr. Clarke is director of the Worcester National Bank, State Mutual Life Insur- ance Company, State Deposit Company, Norwich & Worcester R. R., Worcester & Shrewsbury R. R., Worcester Gas Light Company, and McKay & Bigelow Heeling Association ; member of All Saints’ church (Episcopal), of which he has been for twenty-five years vestryman. He was a member of the city council in 1862. In January, 1865, Mr. Clarke sailed for China in the ship ‘Surprise,’ owned by A. A. Low & Co. After visiting the CLEMENT. ports of Shanghai and Ningpo, he remained at Fuchau some time, his brother being consul at that port. He then went to Amoy, Canton and Hong Kong, and sailed JOSIAH H. CLARKE. from the latter port for San Trancisco, coming home by way of the Isthmus, com- pleting a voyage around the world. In 1888 he visited California and Oregon. CLEMENT, EDWARD HENRY, son of Cyrus and Rebecca Fiske (Shortridge) Clement, was born in Chelsea, Suffolk county, April 19, 1843. He received his early education in the public schools of Chelsea; was graduated from Tufts College in 1864, leading his class, and subsequently received from the same institution the degree of A. M. His first entrance into business life was as reporter and assistant editor on an army post newspaper started with the deserted plant of the “Savannah (Ga.) News” by two correspondents of the “New York Herald” stationed at Hilton Head, 5. C., 1864-65. A northern editor being dis- tasteful to the Savannah public, he returned to Boston in 1867, and for one month served as head proof-reader of the ‘“ Daily Advertiser.” He resigned this to accept a similar position offered him on the “ New York Tribune.” On reaching the “ Trib- une” office he was made a reporter by CLEMENT. John Russell Young, then managing editor, and soon after became exchange editor and assistant, subsequently telegraph editor, night editor and city editor. Afterwards he was for a short time managing editor of the “Newark (N. J.) Daily Advertiser,” and in 1871 became one of the editors and pro- prietors of the “ Elizabeth (N. J.) Journal.” Mr. Clement is now editor of the “ Bos- ton Transcript,’ having been appointed assistant editor in 1875, and chief editor in 1881. He honorably follows a long line of able and influential editors, men who have given a character and literary flavor to the paper, which still holds its own as a favorite family guest. It is greatly to the credit of the present management that the “ Transcript’ maintains the high stand- ard of public spirit, good morals and lit- erary excellence outlined by such con- ductors as Epes Sargent, Daniel N. Has- kell, E. P. Whipple and Starr King, with William Durant especially contributing, as for half a century past, to its financial success, In 1869, in New York City, Mr. Clement was married to Gertrude, daughter of John and Jane (Lauder) Pound. Of this union were four children. He has been a member of the corpora- tion of Perkins Institution for the Blind, director in the Boston Memorial Associa- tion, Philharmonic Society, Home for Intemperate Women, and was one of the founders and the namer of the St. Botolph Club. The Clement family came from Coven- try, England, in 1643, and settled Haver- hill, after a brief stay at Salisbury, at the mouth of the Merrimack River. Robert Clement, the head of the family, was a man of education and leadership, and was chosen to buy and survey the territory of Haverhill, obtaining a title from the In- dians, afterwards representing the town in the General Court. His mill was the first in the town, and the marriage of his son with an Osgood was the first marriage in Haverhill. Many of his lineal descend- ants are spread through New Hampshire and Vermont. CLEMENT, GEORGE COLBURN, son of James H. and Clara (Erskine) Clement, was born in Milford, Worcester county, August 15, 1855. He was educated at home until 1867, then for two years in the family of Mrs. James Means of Andover, and subsequently was fitted for Dartmouth College in the boarding school of Dr. Lloyd W. Hixon, Lowell. CLEMENT, 129 He entered Dartmouth in 1871 and remained one year, then went to Bellevue Hospital medical college, New York City, for one year. In 1876 he entered the Harvard medical school and completed his course, graduating in the class of 1878, but as he accepted an appointment in Boston City Hospital, he did not receive his diploma until 1880. Before he began his professional studies he made a voyage to the Mediterranean as cabin-boy. ‘This was during the Franco-Prussian war. While a pupil of the late A. B. Crosby, M. D., professor of anatomy at Bellevue, N. Y., he had an attack of serious lung trouble, and the interim from the fall of 1873 until he resumed his studies, he passed by travel- ing in Chili, Peru, California and the West. Within twelve months he rounded Cape Horn three times. Since 1880 Dr. Clement has been in active practice in Haverhill, devoting himself especially to surgery. At present he is serving his second term of three years each as city physician of Haverhill, having been appointed in 1886. He is one of the visiting surgeons to the Haverhill City Hospital; medical examiner G. COLBURN CLEMENT. for the New York Life Insurance Company, Penn Mutual, Equitable Life and several other insurance companies, He is amem- 130 CLEVELAND. ber of the Massachusetts Medical Society, also of Palestine Lodge No. 26, K. of P., and the Haverhill Monday Evening Club. Dr. Clement was married in Haverhill, November 19, 1885, to Matilda Haseltine, daughter of George A. and Susan W. (Emerson) Kimball. He has one child : George Kimball Clement. Dr. Clement’s father was a lineal descend- ant of Job Clement, who in 1642 was one of the twelve original settlers of Haverhill. He was born ona farm in Haverhill, which is still in the family possession, the same having passed from father to son. Dr. Clement's mother is well known as an authority and writer on art, by the name of “Clara Erskine Clement.” She is the present wife of Edwin F. Waters, formerly treasurer and controlling owner of the “Boston Daily Advertiser.” CLEVELAND, IRA, son of Ira and Mehitable B. Cleveland, of Hopkinton, Middlesex county, was born in that town, February 1, 1802, but removed with his father when but four years old to a farm in Milford, an adjacent town. He pursued his preparatory studies at an academy in Mendon, and_ entered Brown University in 1821, where he was graduated in the class of 1825. He first began the study of law in Marlborough, but in 1828 he came to Dedham, and entered the office of Horace Mann, then a leading practitioner of Norfolk county. , He was admitted as an attorney of the court of common pleas, at the Decem- ber term, 1829, and as a counselor of the supreme judicial court, in November, 1834. In 1833 Mr. Mann removed to Boston, and Mr. Cleveland succeeded him in practice and in the occupancy of his office in Dedham. In 1840 he was ap- pointed secretary of the Norfolk Mutual and the Dedham Mutual Fire Insurance companies, and from this time he gradu- ally withdrew from legal practice. He has ever since remained connected with these insurance companies, having been the president and treasurer of both until recently. He now holds the office of president of the Norfolk company. Mr. Cleveland has never held a political office, but he has been called to many offices of trust. Hewas the public admin- istrator of the county for forty-two years. He was always an active and public- spirited citizen. He was in former years much interested in the improvement of the village, and in the planting of trees in its streets, and it was mainly through his efforts, some fifty years ago, that the old CLIFFORD. burial ground in Dedham village was first enclosed and planted with trees. Mr. Cleveland married, April 23, 1837, Frances Maria, the daughter of Major IRA CLEVELAND. Timothy P. Whitney of Wrentham, but she and her infant died in the autumn of 1838, and he has since remained unmarried. For nearly fifty years Mr. Cleveland has taken a deep interest in the affairs of St. Paul’s (Episcopal) parish. During that time he has held the office of warden, and has been one of its delegates to the con- ventions of the diocese His devotion to the interests of his church is noteworthy. To his efforts were largely due both the building of the old church edifice, which stood until December 13, 1856, and the erection of the present stone church, which was finished in 1869. In 1881 Mr. Cleve- land placed in the tower of the church a chime of ten bells, and has since spared no efforts to render this house of worship beautiful and attractive. CLIFFORD, WALTER, son of John H. and Sarah P. (Allen) Clifford, was born in New Bedford, Bristol county, August 11, 1849. He obtained his preparatory education in private schools, Friends’ Academy, New Bedford, and 1865 to ’67 at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H. He entered Dh bb DP CODMAN, Harvard College in 1867, and was grad- uated in the class of 1871. In 1872 he entered Harvard law school, and was graduated LL. B., in the class of 187s. While keeping his connection with Har- vard law school, he was one year a stu- dent with the law firm of Staples & Gould- ing, Worcester, and while there was admit- ted to the bar, June, 1874. From 1875 to ‘78 he was clerk for Marston & Crapo. From April, 1878, he has been connected, as partner, with the law firm of Crapo, Clifford & Clifford. Mr. Clifford was married in New Bedford, June 5, 1878, to Harriet Perry, daughter of Charles S. and Sarah (Perry) Randall. Of this union are four children : John H., Rosamond, Hilda, and Randall Clifford. Mr. Clifford has been mayor of New Bedford (1889), vice-president of New Bedford Five Cents Savings Bank, director of various business institutions, a member of the Somerset and Union clubs, Boston, with residence at New Bedford. CODMAN, CHARLES RUSSELL, eldest son of Charles Russell and Anne (Mac- master) Codman, was born in Paris, France, on the 28th of October, 1829, while his parents were traveling abroad. The Codman family have been identified with Boston since 1640. His father was a well- known merchant, whose mother was Mar- garet, daughter of Hon. James Russell of Charlestown, and his grandfather, Hon. John Codman, laid the foundation of the family fortune. His mother was of Scotch origin on her father’s side, and on her mother’s was of New York Dutch descent from the Dey and Van Buskirk families. He was educated in the private schools of Boston, under the late Henry R. Cleve- land, Edmund L. Cushing (afterward Chief Justice of New Hampshire), and the late Franklin Forbes. He was also for three years at school near Flushing, L. L., under the late Rev. William A. Muhlen- berg, a distinguished divine of the Protest- ant Episcopal church. In due time he entered Harvard College, and graduated in the class of 1849. He then studied law in the office of the late Charles G. Loring, and at the Harvard law school. He was admitted to the bar in 1852, and practiced law for a short time. Subsequently en- gaging in general business, he resided in Boston until 1855, and then moved to Barnstable. At Walton-on-Thames, England, on February 28, 1856, Mr. Codman was mar- ried to Lucy Lyman Paine, daughter of the late Russell Sturgis of Boston, and COES. 131 afterwards of the firm of Baring Brothers & Co., of London. They have three sons and two daughters living: Russell Sturgis, Anne Macmaster, Susan Welles, John Stur- gis and Julian Codman. In 1861 and '62 he was a member of the school committee of Boston. In 1864 and ‘65 he represented a district of the city of Boston in the state Senate ; for four years, from 1873 to ’75 inclusive, he was a mem- ber of the House of Representatives, serv- ing each year on important committees — in the last two being chairman of the judi- Clary committee. He began life asa Whig. In 1856 he joined the Republican party, and was an active member of the same until 1884, since which time he has acted with the Demo- crats. During the war of the rebellion Mr. Codman served as colonel of the 4sth Massachusetts regiment, having previously been lieutenant and captain in the Boston Cadets. He has been president of the Boston Provident Association, succeeding the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop ; president of the Massachusetts Homceopathic Hos- pital ; a trustee of the state Insane Asylum at Westborough. He was elected a member of the board of overseers of Harvard Col- lege in 1878, and again in 1884. He was president of the board in 1880 and ’81; again in 1887, and now occupies the posi- tion. He was Republican candidate for mayor of Boston in 1878. Mr. Codman has always been independ- ent in political connections. He supported the Republican party in its early days, when resistance to the slave power seemed to hima duty. He gave the Democratic party an equally cordial and enthusiastic support, when to his mind that party stood for just and liberal tariff legislation. He has always been identified with, and heart- ily in favor of, the cause of civil service re- form, and, in fact, to all the great moving reforms that tend to the purification of politics and the advancement of the best interests of the country, his powerful influ- ence is uniformly given, and in this advo- cacy his clarion voice utters no uncertain sound, COES, LORING, son of Daniel and Roxana (Gates) Coes, was born in New Worcester, April 12, 1812. His early edu- cation was received in the common schools. He and his brother, A. G. Coes, learned the machinist’s trade with Kimball & Fuller. In 1836 the two brothers formed a co- partnership and purchased the business, 132 COES. which in the meantime had been moved, in 1835, to Court Mills. In 1839 Court Mills were destroyed by fire. The brothers then went to Springfield and engaged as pattern makers in the foundry of Laurin Trask. While there they made an improvement in the wrench in use, and haying returned to Worcester in 1840, an application was made for a patent, which was granted Loring Coes, April 16, 1841. The firm name of this concern was L. & A. G. Coes, and they had little beside the name, save a good amount of pluck and energy coupled with great inventive genius. Henry W. Miller sold their manufactured LORING COES. wrenches, and loaned them capital upon which they worked. This continued till 1843, when they bought machinery, tools, etc., that were held by their patron, and carried on both manufacturing and selling. In 1853 they took Levi Hardy as partner ; they enlarged their manufacturing capaci- ties and added the manufacture of shear- blades and knives for hay-cutting machines. This partnership was dissolved in 1864. In 1869 a division of the business was made, Loring Coes taking the factory for the manufacture of shear-blades and knives, and A. G. Coes the wrench business. April 1, 1888, the Coes Wrench Com- pany was formed, with Loring Coes, presi- COFFIN. dent, J. H. Coes, treasurer, and Frederick Coes, secretary, the two younger members of the firm being sons of A. G. Coes. They now produce fifteen hundred wrenches per day, and a large quantity of shear- blades and knives, employing one hundred hands. Loring Coes was married in 1835 to Harriet, daughter of Dana Reed. Of this union were two children: one son and one daughter. COFFIN, CHARLES CARLETON, son of Thomas and Hannah (Kilburn) Coffin, was born in Boscawen, Merrimack county, N. H.,, July 26, 1823. He was educated in the district school of his native town, and in the Boscawen and Pembroke academies, N. H.; but his extensive reading gave him the preparation best fitting him for his life work. He was an omnivorous reader, and his love for historical literature was early developed, and fostered by the companionship of re- lations and friends, who either served in the war of the revolution and that of 1812, or were intimate with those who figured conspicuously in making the early history of this country. Ill health prevented his taking a colle- giate course. While incapacitated from severe mental or physical labor, he ob- tained a surveyor’s compass, and more for pastime than any thought of becoming a surveyor, he studied the elements of sur- veying ; but becoming quite an adept in the use of the instruments, Mr. Coffin ac- cepted a position in the engineers’ corps of the Northern Railroad, and was subse- quently employed on the Concord & Clare- mont Railroad. Mr. Coffin was married in Boscawen, N.H., in 1846, to Sallie R., daughter of John and Sallie (Gerrish) Farmer. Mr. Coffin early began to write articles | for the Concord newspapers, and some of the fugitive political contributions were re-published in ‘Littell’s Living Age.” His studies led him toward scientific cul- ture, and he, as early as 1849, constructed a telegraph line between Harvard Observ- atory and Boston, by which exact and uniform time was given to the railroads running out of that city. He had charge of the construction of the telegraph fire alarm in Boston, and gave the first alarm ever given, April 29, 1852. His tastes led him into journalism, and from 1850 to 1854 he was a constant contributor to the press, sending articles to the ‘ Boston Transcript,” “Boston Journal,” “ Congre- gationalist,” and “New York Tribune.” COFFIN. He was also a contributor to the “ Student and Schoolmate.” After a short time spent as assistant editor of the “ Practical Farmer,” he in 1854 was employed on the “ Boston Jour- nal.” Many of the editorials upon the Kansas and Nebraska struggle were from his pen. He was afterward on the “ Atlas,” but returned to the “Journal” in 1858. Upon the breaking out of the war, 1861, Mr. Coffin left the editorial chair of the “Journal”? and became a correspondent in the field, writing his first letter from Balti- more, June 15, over the signature “ Carle- ton.” This pen name is too well known to re- quire detailed notice. He is, and ever has been, noted for his rapidity of movement, quickness of perception, and almost uner- ring judgment. In 1866 he was writing from the seat of war between Austria and Italy. He is next found in London as correspondent during Disraeli’s contest on the franchise. At the social science con- gress held in Belfast, Ireland, presided over by Lord Dufferin, he gave an address upon American common schools which was warmly commended by the London “Times.” He traveled extensively while abroad, and met many notables to become possessed of intimate knowledge of their character and aims. He finally made the tour of the world, and returned through the West in 1869. Mr. Coffin was vice-chairman of the state board of lunacy and charity, 1888— ’89; is a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science ; was in the Legislature of 1885-'86, serving on various committees, and chair- man of the committees on education and woman suffrage. It was through his active work while in the House of Representatives that two important measures were success- fully passed — the bill making all text-books free to the pupils of the public schools, and the bill providing for the appointment of the Boston police commissioners by the governor of the state, instead of by the mayor of the city. He has published “Our New Way Round the World,” “Seat of Empire,” “Caleb Crinkle,” ‘Boys of ’76,” ‘Story of Liberty,” “Old Times in the Colo- nies,” “Building the Nation,” “ Life of Garfield,” “Drum-beat of the Nation,” “Marching to Victory,” and ‘“ Redeeming the Republic.” The degree of A. M. was conferred on him by Amherst College in 1870. COGGAN. 133 COGGAN, MARCELLUS, son of Leon- ard C, and Betsy M. Coggan, was born in Bristol, Lincoln county, Maine, in 1847. Mr. Coggan followed the sea at an early age, attending a district school during the MARCELLUS COGGAN. winter terms. When sufficiently advanced, he became a student in Lincoln Academy, New Castle, Maine, where, by teaching in winter and going to sea in the summer, he was enabled to prepare himself for entering Bowdoin College, where he was graduated with honor in 1872. He filled the position of principal of Nichols Academy, Dudley, Mass., and at the same time served as a member of the school board for three years in that town. He studied law in the office of Child & Powers, Boston, being admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1881, and entered upon the practice of law in the office of the firm with whom he had studied, remaining with them till 1886, when he formed a partnership with William Schofield, under the name of Coggan & Schofield. Entering immedi- ately upon his profession, Mr. Coggan built up a lucrative practice, which has steadily increased with the firm from year to year. Mr. Coggan became a resident of Mal- den in 1879, and at once took an active part in the local benevolent and social 134 COGSWELL. organizations of the city. For four years he was a member of the school committee, one year acting as chairman. In 1884 he was an independent candidate for mayor, but was defeated by a small majority. The following vear, however, he was elected mayor of that city on an inde- pendent ticket, and his ofhcial career was endorsed by a unanimous re-election the next year. Since his retirement from the office of mayor, Mr. Coggan has devoted himself exclusively to his law practice. In 1872 he was married to Luella B., daughter of C. C. Robbins, of Bristol, Maine. They have three children: Sum- ner, Linus Child, and Florence Lambert Coggan. COGSWELL, JOHN DRAPER, son of Ebenezer and Rhoda (Draper) Cogswell, JOHN D, COGSWELL was born in Leicester, Worcester county, May 21, 1820. His early education was obtained in the public schools and at Leicester Academy. He worked on a farm for five years after leaving his school life, and then learned the trade of painter. In 1850, and four years following, he conducted a general country store, after which he returned to his former occupation of house, carriage and sign painting. COGSWELL. Mr. Cogswell was married in Winhall,. Vt., September 22, 1845, to Fanny H., daughter of Job Leonard, M. D., of that town. Of this union were three children : two died in childhood ; the surviving child, Louisa Maria, married Edwin L. Watson, June ro, 1869. Mr. Cogswell was a member of the state Senate 1864, and of the House of Represen- tatives in 1855, 60, 62 and ’77. He was captain of company F, 42d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, in the nine months’ service, under General N. P. Banks, department of the Gulf, and was. stationed at New Orleans. He has been justice of the peace since 1860, and served on the board of select- men ten years. He has officiated as moder- ator at fifty-six town meetings. He has been trustee of Leicester Savings Bank since its organization, He is a member of Morning Star Lodge of Worcester, A. F.& A. M., also of Quin- sigamond Lodge No. 43, I. O. O. F., and of the G. A. R. COGSWELL, WILLIAM, son of Joseph Badger and Judith (Peaslee) Cogswell, was born April 1, 1821, in Atkinson, Rock- ingham county, N. H. WILLIAM COGSWELL. He studied medicine and commenced the practice of his profession March, 1845, COGSWELL. in Georgetown. While young in medical practice he became favorably known as a _physician in that region. In April, 1851, Dr. Cogswell removed to Bradford, where he succeeded to a wide field of practice, from which his uncle, Hon. George Cogswell, M. D., who for years had been eminent in the profession, wished to retire. During the war of the Union, Dr. Cogs- well served as surgeon in the army, winning great credit for his medical and surgical knowledge and skill. He married November 29, 1855, Fanny, daughter of Edmund and Julia (Eaton) Kimball, who was born May 109, 1837, in Bradford. They have no children. In 1876 and ‘77 Dr. Cogswell was the president of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and in 1877 he was a member of the executive council of Governor Alex- ander H. Rice. His qualities are those of a free and generous nature. He is large-hearted, frank, social and popular. He has com- manded for many years a lucrative practice in Bradford, Haverhill and vicinity, and is highly esteemed for his ability and pro- fessional services. COGSWELL, WILLIAM, son of George and Abigail (Parker) Cogswell, was born in Bradford,, Essex county, August 23, 1838. He was educated in the schools of Brad- ford, Atkinson Academy, N. H., Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H., Phillips Academy, Andover, and Dartmouth Col- lege, which latter institution he entered in 1855. He did not finish his course at Dart- mouth, but went to sea before the mast, sailing round the world. On his return he entered the Dane law school, Harvard University, from which he was graduated in 1860. He at once opened a law office in Salem, and in 1866 he opened another office in Boston, and has remained in active practice up to the present time. Mr. Cogswell was first married in Haver- hill, June 20, 1855, to Emma Thorndike, daughter of Thorndike and Emma (Silsby) Proctor. Of this union were three chil- dren: William, Emma Silsby and Sarah Parker Cogswell (deceased). Mrs. Cogs- well died April 1, 1877. Mr. Cogswell was married again in Salem, December 12, 1881, to Eva Maria, daughter of Horatio Gates and Lydia (Carter) Davis. His military record from April, 1861, to July 25, 1865, is one unbroken series of earned promotion. He was first captain, then lieutenant-colonel, and colonel, 2d COLBURN. 130 regiment Massachusetts volunteers, and finally brevet brigadier- general United States volunteers, and by special order of the war department he was assigned to the command of the 3d brigade, 3d divis- ion, 20th army corps. He had two years of service in the army of the Potomac, and two more in the western army under Generals Thomas and Sherman. He was commandant of Atlanta, Ga., while it was held by the Union troops in the fall of 1864, and he participated in the famous march “from Atlanta to the sea.” He was mayor of Salem, 1867, ’68 and 69, and 1873 and ’74; member of the House of Representatives 1870, ‘71, ’81, 82, and ’83 ; and of the state Senate 1885 and '86; was department commander of Massachusetts G. A. R., 1870, and also on national staff of G. A. R.; charter mem- ber and vice-commander Military Order of the Loyal Legion, commandery of Massa- chusetts ; member of board of advisers of the Children’s Friend and Seamen’s Orphan Society, Salem. General Cogswell was elected in 1886 to the soth United States Congress, and served on the committee on rivers and har- bors, and re-elected to the 51st Congress in 1888, where he performed conspicuous service, alike creditable to himself and highly satisfactory to his native State. COLBURN, HOwaRD, son of Thatcher and Hittie (Cleveland) Colburn, was born in the West Parish in Dedham, Norfolk county, December 4, 1838. He was the youngest of five sons, the oldest being the late Hon. Waldo Colburn, one of the justices of the supreme court of the Com- monwealth. He traces his ancestry in this country to Nathaniel Colburn, who emi- grated from England, August 11, 1637, and received a grant of land in the town of Dedham. The record of his admission into the Dedham church reads as follows : “Nathaniel Colburn was received into ye church after long & much inquisition into his case, 29th of ye r1m., 1640.” Here he lived until his death, May 14, 1691. The line of descent is as follows: Samuel, son of Nathaniel, born January 25, 1654; Ephraim, born November 5, 1687 ; Ephraim, born December 31, 1716; Icha- bod, born February 26,1754; and Thatch- er, born February 20, 1787, who married Hittie Cleveland, June, 1823. Mr. Colburn was educated in the public schools of his native town and at Williston Seminary, Easthampton. In his early days he might have been styled a farmer, like his ancestors, but his public duties have of 136 COLBURN. late years taken him away from the plow and the scythe. Since 1872 he has held the office of selectman of the town, and for a number of years he has been chairman of the board, and during most of the same period he has also been a member of the boards of assessors and overseers of the poor, He has also for a number of years been a deputy sheriff of Norfolk county. ‘The confidence of his friends and neighbors in his integrity and ability is further attested by the fact that he is frequently called upon to act as trustee and executor of estates. He is one of the directors of the National Bank, and trustee of the Savings Bank, and a director in both the Norfolk and Dedham Mutual Fire Insurance companies, all in Dedham, and also the treasurer of the latter company. Mr. Colburn was never married, and has always resided at the old homestead in his native town. COLBURN, JEREMIAH, son of Calvin and Catharine Sibyl (Lakin) Colburn, was born in Boston, January 12, 1815. He received his education at the May- hew and Derne Street schools, from which he was graduated in 1830, to enter mercan- tile life. In 1840 he began business for himself as a dealer in hats, furs, etc., at Boston, where he continued till 1852, when President Pierce appointed him an appraiser in the Boston custom house. Here he remained through two administrations. He has since been engaged in literary pursuits. At the age of fifteen he began the collection of rare coins — afterwards extending his field to that of medals, min- erals and shells, and subsequently to auto- graphs, manuscripts, portraits and engray- ings, colonial and continental money, paper tokens, bank notes, and even coun- terfeits and bills of broken banks — this last at the suggestion of Jacob G. Morris of Phil- adelphia (1839), who was of the belief that the end of paper money was near, and as the representative of bills they would be a curiosity. In this department of arts Mr. Colburn has achieved a notable success, especially in Americana, wherein his coins and medals have been of the rarest, finest and earliest, and his pamphlets and books relating to American history, as well as his autographs and manuscripts, have been especially valuable. Important data relat- ing to historical events have been settled on the authority of this wreckage, saved from the ruin and remorseless decay of time. COLBURN. Mr. Colburn was an early member of the New England Historic Genealogical So- ciety; has served as chairman of its various committees, and is a member of the present committee of publication. In 1858 he was one of the founders of the Prince Society ; has served in its coun- cil and held the office of treasurer ; its first volume, “ Wood’s New England’s Pros- pect,”’ was issued under his supervision. In 1860 he originated the Boston Numismatic Society, cf which he was vice-president till 1885, since which time he has been its president, also one of the editors of the “American Journal of Numismatics.” He JEREMIAH COLBURN. was one of the founders of the Boston An- tiquarian Club, which in 1882 became the Bostonian Society, to which the city has entrusted the custody and control of the old state-house. Besides his contributions to various magazines and reviews, Mr. Colburn has compiled and published the bibliography of the local history of Massachusetts, which he proposes to re-issue with revision and extension to date of publication. In 1869 Williams College conferred the degree of A. M. upon Mr. Colburn, who, in addition to the Boston societies named, is a member of the Essex Institute, and of the historical societies of New York, Vir- COLBY. ginia, New Hampshire, Wisconsin, Dela- ware, Pennsylvania and the Western Re- serve ; also of the Socreté Numismatique of Brussels, and the Institute Canadian of Ottawa. Mr. Colburn was married in 1846 to Eliza Ann, daughter of John and Eliza Taylor (Pollard) Blackman, of Boston. His residence is Longwood, Brookline. COLBY, JOHN FREEMAN, son of John and Mary Huse (Holt) Colby, was born March 3, 1834, on his father’s farm,in that part of Society Land which afterwards be- came a part of the town of Bennington, Hillsborough county, N. H. His early opportunities for education were few and small, but he had a strong thirst for knowledge, which his father en- couraged. By the death of his father, he was early thrown upon his own resources. By industry and economy, he saved enough to secure two terms of schooling, and at the age of seventeen taught his first school. He fitted for college at Mount Vernon and Reed’s Ferry, N. H., and as a private pupil of the late Hon. George Stevens, of Lowell, and entered Dartmouth in 1855. He took the broad, liberal college course of that time; he taught school every winter; he learned books as a librarian for three years in one of the college libraries. Upon his graduation in 1859, a place was waiting for him, and he became prin- cipal of the Stetson high school, at Ran- dolph, Mass. Distinction and promotion continued to open to him as a teacher, and tempting business offers were urged upon him. But he decided to devote himself to the legal profession, and accordingly, in 1864, he moved to Boston and entered the offices of Hon. Ambrose A. Ranney and Nathan Morse. In December, 1865, after less than two years of study, on ex- amination, he was admitted to the Suffolk bar, and has continued in general practice, a conscientious and faithful attorney, and an able advocate, with a lofty conception of the dignity of the profession and an enthusiasm for it which never fails. For the most part Mr. Colby has re- sisted political preferment, but he occupied aseat in the common council of the city of Boston in 1878~’g, serving on the judici- ary and other important committees, and in 1886 he was elected representative to the Legislature for the 18th Suffolk dis- trict. He was made House chairman of the joint committee on harbors and public lands, and a member of the joint com- mittee on parishes and religious societies. COLLINS. 137 He was re-elected to the Legislature in No- vember, 1887, and served on the judiciary committee, also on the committee on parishes and religious societies. Mr. Colby’s religious convictions ma- tured while he was a student at the Merri- mack Normal Institute, Reed’s Ferry, and he joined the Congregational church at Mount Vernon in 1854, since which time he has been actively engaged in Christian work. When he moved to Boston, he con- nected himself first with the Mount Vernon church, under the ministry successively of Rev. E. N. Kirk, D. D., and Rev. S. E. Herrick, D. 1)., where he became promi- nent in all the affairs of the parish, being a teacher and superintendent in the Sun- day-school, clerk and treasurer of the church, a member of the examining com- mittee, and treasurer of the society. The office of deacon, to which he was elected, he declined. Since 1884 he has been con- nected with the Union church, of which the Rev. Nehemiah Boynton is pastor. He is also an officer of the Congregational Club, and active in several benevolent organizations. Devoting himself with great ardor to his profession, Mr. Colby, as a rule, has avoided business responsibilities, but he served as receiver of the Mechanics’ Bank, after its failure in 1877, and has been for several years one of the trustees of the North End Savings Bank. He also com- bines business with pleasure in the man- agement of the farm connected with his summer home in Mount Vernon, N. H. COLLINS, MICHAEL HENRY, son of Walter and Annie Elizabeth (Lewis) Collins, was born in Quebec, September 28, 1822. His parents were born in London, England. At the age of two years he went with them to Philadelphia, where he received his early education in private and public schools. His first connection in business was in glass-making, and afterward in engineer- ing and as a general inventor. Mr. Collins was married in 1847 to Eliz- abeth, daughter of Captain John and Elizabeth (Erskine) McNear. Of this union is one child: Florence Elizabeth, wife of Frederic F. Clark. He married his present wife, Frances, daughter of Captain Thomas and Katherine (Light) Boyd, in Wiscasset, Maine, October 4, 1855. They have two children by adoption: William Francis and Blanche Collins. , Mr. Collins, after living for a time in Chelsea, removed to East Medway, now Millis, in 1874, where he now resides. He is a man original in his ideas, of indomi- 138 COLLINS. table perseverance; diffuses life and energy wherever he goes, and has done much toward improving the town of his adoption. He is the patentee of many useful inven- MICHAEL H. COLLINS. tions —one, in connection with Joseph Hurd, of Malden, the discovery of the pro- cess of manufacturing granulated sugar ; others are the famous lozenge machine, superseding hand power; a ventilator for public buildings ; a quartz crusher, which proved invaluable to miners in past years; the lamp burner and chimney known as the “Sun-burner ” and * Sun-chimney” for the use of kerosene. Various experiments made by Mr. Collins at last brought them to a state of perfection that revolutionized the entire market, and to his years in experi- menting is due the present state of perfec- tion in the coal oil illuminating appliances. ~Atthe time he marketed his “ Sun-burner,”” the use of kerosene was diminishing, on account of the non-combustion of carbon, and heating of burners and chimneys, inci- dental to the use of crude burners in use. His inventions gave an impetus to its use that has gone on increasing to the present time. One of the chief features of this invention is that it is so constructed as to prevent explosions, thereby saving life and property. The leading makers in the country realized fortunes in the manufac- COLLINS. ture of these burners, and immense sums were expended in protecting this now uni- versally used and valuable invention from various infringements. Mr. Collins's last and greatest invention is the ‘ Echolin,” a musical instrument in the violin class. After forty years of experimenting, and gleaning experimental knowledge bothin this country and Europe, Mr. Collins has perfected an instrument that is claimed to excel any other of its class in richness of tone and depth of volume. He is liberally read in mechanics, chem- istry and medicine, being a graduate from several medical schools. COLLINS, PATRICK A., was born in Fermoy, county of Cork, Ireland, March 12, 1844. He came to the United States in 1848 and settled in Chelsea, where he received a common school education. He worked at the upholstery trade for eight years, giving his leisure hours to study. He entered Harvard law school in 1868, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in the city of Boston, 1871, where he has continued in the practice of his profession ever since. In 1868 and ’69 he was a member of the House of Representatives, and in 187071 a state senator. In 1875 he was judge- advocate-general of the Commonwealth. Mr. Collins was elected delegate-at-large from Massachusetts to the national Dem- ocratic conventions in 1876, ‘80 and ’88, and was elected president of the national Democratic convention of 1888, held at St. Louis. : In 1882 he was elected to Congress, and has been twice re-elected. Mr. Collins was one of the secretaries of the Fenian congress held in Philadelphia, in 1865,and has been an active member of the land and national leagues since their establishment. He was chosen president of the Irish National Land League at the convention held in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1884, and served something more than a year, declining are-election. He has been chair- man of the Massachusetts Democratic state committee since 1884. Mr. Collins was married July 1, 1873, at Boston, to Mary E. Carey. Of this union are three children : Agnes, Marie and Paul. A natural-born leader of men, it has not taken Mr. Collins long to secure from time to time legitimate positions of honor and power. A brilliant debater, a forcible and eloquent speaker, a rapid thinker, and gifted with a thoroughly equipped and well balanced mind, he stands a conspicuous example of what a fine graft can be made CONANT. of Irish and American stock. Mr. Collins has certainly contributed his share to keep the state of his adoption well in the van of progressive, liberal and intelligent life. CONANT, CHESTER COOK, son of Col. Jonathan and Clarissa (J)imick) Co- nant, was born in Lyme, Gra:ton county, N. H., September 4, 1831. He was educated in the common schools, Thetford Academy, Vt., and Dartmouth College, from which latter he was gradu- ated with honor in the class of 1857. While pursuing his college course he sup- ported himself in part by teaching, working during vacations. He was graduated from the Albany law school in 1859, and was ad- mitted to the New York, and also the Massachusetts bar the same year. He then formed a partnership with Judge David Aiken, at Greenfield, Mass., the firm name being Aiken & Conant. He continued these relations several years ; afterward was for three or four years a partner with Edward E. Lyman ; practiced alone till 1878, when, admitting Samuel D. CHESTER C. CONANT. Conant, a nephew, as partner, the business has since been conducted under the firm name of Conant & Conant. He has been admitted to practice in the United States supreme court at Washing- ton, and has practiced in said court. CONANT. 139 Mr. Conant was married in Portland, Me., June 14, 1860, to Sarah B., daughter of Rev. Roger S. Howard, D. D., and Martha (Pike) Howard. Of this union are two daughters: Charlotte Howard, and Martha Pike Conant. Mr. Conant was register of probate, Franklin county, from 1863 to October, 1870, when he was appointed judge of probate and insolvency for Franklin coun- ty, an office he still holds. Judge Conant was for years a member of the school board. In 1884 he was delegate to the national Republican convention, held at Chicago, and in 1888 was presiden- tial elector on the Republican ticket, and voted for President Harrison. For several years he was secretary of the Greenfield Library Association — is now trustee; a director in the Franklin County National Bank twelve years; one of the original incorporators of the Green- field Savings Bank in 1869, its first and only secretary, and has been its attorney and trustee to the present time. He was elected its vice-president in 1889. He is an Episcopalian, a vestryman of the church, and is usually a delegate to the annual diocesan convention ; for over twenty years he has been superintendent of the Sunday-school. Before entering his profession he learned of his father the trades of carpenter and builder, and cabinet-maker, and was called a skilled workman. Judge Conant is a lineal descendant in the eighth generation from the Pilgrim, Roger Conant, who landed in America in 1623, and who built the first house in Sa- lem. He isalsoa lineal descendant of Mary Chilton, the first woman to set foot on Plymouth Rock at the landing of the Pil- grim Fathers. CONANT, NELSON B., son of Francis and Sophia (Goldsmith) Conant, was born in Acton, Middlesex county, December 6, 1845. He received his early training in the public schools, which was supplemented by attendance at Lawrence Academy, Groton. He began mercantile life for himself in Littleton, 1868. In 1874 he went into the wholesale produce business in Boston, where he remained two years. He after- wards located in Acton, and later removed to Littleton, where he still continues in business. Mr. Conant was married in Littleton, April 29, 1874, to Frances W., daughter of George W. and Atlanta (Gerry) Tuttle. 140 CONVERSE. Of this union was one child: Wallace B. Conant. Mr. Conant’s second marriage took place in East Hardwick, Vt., with Harriette W. Adgate of that town, Octo- ber 1, 1885. Mr. Conant served eight years as select- man, three of which he was chairman of the board. He was for four years trustee and treasurer of the “ Reuben Hoar” lbra- ty. He has been trustee of the North Middlesex Savings Bank, located at Ayer, from its incorporation to the present time. In the fall of 1888 he was elected repre- sentative to the Legislature from the 3oth Middlesex district, serving as a member of the committee on public charitable insti- tutions. CONVERSE, EDMUND WINCHESTER, son of Rev. James and Charlotte (White) Converse, was born in Weathersfield, Wind- sor county, Vt., June 12, 1825. He ob- tained his education in the public schools of his native town and in the academy at Meriden, N. H. He entered the store of Ammidown & Converse as clerk, at seventeen years of age. Subsequently he became successively a partner in the following firms: Blanch- ard, Converse & Co.; Converse, Harding & Co.; Harding, Converse, Gray & Co., and Converse, Taylor & Co., all of which were dry-goods importing and jobbing houses, Boston. He is now in the same business, in the house of Converse, Stan- ton & Cullen, Boston and New York. Mr. Converse was married in Boston, May 11, 1854, to Charlotte Augusta (Shep- herd) Albree, daughter of George and Charlotte (Saunders) Shepherd. Of this union were seven children : Edmund Win- chester, Jr., Ellen M., Charlotte, Margaret, Charles Henry, James and Frederick Shep- herd Converse. Mr. Converse is director in the follow- ing corporations: tna Mills, National City Bank, Boston ; National Tube Works Company, McKeesport, Pa., and Pueblo Smelting & Refining Company. He is president of the Conanicut Mills, Fall River; trustee of the Newton Cottage Hospital ; was a member of the state drain- age and sewerage commission ; is chairman of the school board and trustee of the free library in the city of Newton, where he lives to enjoy the fruits of an honored and successful career. CONVERSE, ELISHA SLADE, son of Elisha and Betsey (Wheaton) Converse, was born in Needham, Norfolk county, July 28, 1820. CONVERSE. He availed himself of the advantages of a common school education. His first entrance into business life was in a clothing store in Thompson, Conn., April 1, 1839. In 1844 he made a change to the shoe and leather business, in which he remained till 1853, when he became the treasurer and manager of the Boston Rubber Shoe Company, which office he still holds. Mr. Converse was married in Thompson, Conn., September 4, 1843, to Mary D., daughter of Hosea and Ursula (Burgess) Edmands. Of this union were four chil- dren: Frank E., Mary Ida, Harry E., and Frances Eugenie Converse. ELISHA S, CONVERSE. Mr. Converse has served the Common- wealth two years in the House (1878 and 79), and two years in the Senate (1880 and ’8r). Standing as he did, so high in the esteem of all of his fellow-citizens, he was by universal acclaim awarded the honor of serving as the first mayor of the city when the old town of Malden accepted the city charter in 188r. He is president of the First National Bank of Malden ; president of the Boston Belting Company, director of the Revere Rubber Company, and of the Exchange National Bank, Boston; president of the Rubber Manufacturers’ Mutual Insurance COOK. Company ; trustee of Wellesley College, and also of the Boston Five Cents Savings Bank. Mr. Converse is a successful business man, active in thought, indefatigable in work, conservative in method. His church connections are with the First Baptist society of Malden. His private benefac- tions are as many and judiciously placed, as his public bequests are frequent and wisely bestowed. He is a loyal citizen, and has done probably more than any other resident of Malden to increase its attractions and to promote its prosperity, his last and crowning gift being the mag- nificent library recently erected by his generous hand. COOK, JOSEPH, was born in Ticon- deroga, Essex county, N. Y., January 26, 1838. His early training was at Phillips Academy, Andover, under the celebrated classical teacher, Dr. Samuel H. Taylor. He entered Yale College in 1858, but his health having become impaired, he left col- lege early in 1861. He entered Harvard College as a junior in 1863, and was grad- uated in 1865, with honor, He then en- tered Andover Theological Seminary, and went through the three years’ course. He added to this a fourth year at Andover, for special study of advanced religious and philosophical thought. He was licensed to preach, and has done so to some extent, but was not ordained. He was acting pas- tor of the First Congregational church in Lynn in 1871. In September, 1871, he went abroad for two years, and studied at Halle, Leipzig, Berlin and Heidelberg, un- der the directions of Tholuck, Julius Miiller, Dorner and Kuno Firchen. He then traveled in Italy, Egypt, Syria, Greece, Turkey, and other countries in Europe. Returning to the United States at the close of 1873, he took up his residence in Boston, and in 1874 entered upon his spe- cial work as a lecturer on the relations of religion and science. His present vocation is lecturer and author, residing in Boston. He was married in New Haven, Conn., June 30, 1877, to Georgie Hemingway. Mr. Cook is a member of the Victoria Institute, London, and the American Insti- tute of Philosophy, New York City. He was Chautauqua lecturer five years, be- tween 1877 and 1888, and appeared in the same capacity before several theo- logical seminaries. He has conducted the Boston Monday Lecture for fourteen years, with great audiences at noon, on a week-day. He has also made extensive lec- ture tours for fifteen years, In 1880,’81, and COOKE, 141 ’82, Mr. Cook, accompanied by his wife made a lecturing tour of the world. In all the great cities visited there were immense audiences. During the two years and sev- enty-seven days occupied by Mr. Cook’s journey around the world, he spoke oftener than every other working-day while on the land. Mr. Cook made one hundred and thirty- five public appearances in the British Islands. Of these, thirty-nine were in Scotland, thirteen in Ireland, and eighty- three in England and Wales. After spending some months in Germany and Italy, Mr. Cook went, by the way of Greece, Palestine, and Egypt, to India, where he arrived on the fifth of January, 1882, and where he spent about three months. During this period he lectured in Bombay, Poonah, Ahmednuggur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Benares (the headquarters of Hindooism), Calcutta, Madras, Bangalore, etc., to large, intelligent, and appreciative audiences, composed of both Europeans and natives, From India, Mr. Cook’s tour extended to China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and the Sandwich Islands. In Australasia, in the winter of the southern hemisphere, from July to Octo- ber, 1882, Mr. Cook gave long courses of lectures to brilliant, crowded, and enthusi- astic assemblies, in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane, and other leading towns. His eleven volumes of Boston Monday Lectures, published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., have appeared in thirteen different foreign editions. In 1888 he founded ‘“ Our Day,” a monthly record and review of cur- rent reform, with Miss Willard, ex-presi- dent Cyrus Hamlin, and other specialists as associate editors. COOKE, GEORGE PHELPS, son of Albert Andrew and Maria Fidelia (Talbot) Cooke, was born in Oxford, Worcester county, October 28, 1849. His usual common school preparation was passed, and he entered Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, and subsequently the Harvard dental and medical college. He began the practice of dentistry in Milford, his present residence, in 1869, in which profession he still continues. Dr. Cooke was married in Medway, December 27, 1883, to Marianna, daugh- ter of William A. and Adelia E. (Crooks) Jenckes. Of this union are two children : Allan Jenckes and Guenn Cooke. Dr. Cooke is president of the Quidnunc Association ; vice-president of the Co-oper- 142 COOKE. ative Bank, having been prominently iden- tified with its incorporation. He is a leading member of the Milford Business Men’s Association; was connected GEORGE P. COOKE. with the militia for a number of years, and is chairman of the Democratic town and senatorial district committee. While always taking a lively interest in the politics of the State, he has uniformly refused to be a candidate for office, though he has done much to shape the local policy of his party. Ever since he has been a resident of Milford, he has com- manded a flourishing practice in his pro- fession, COOKE, JOSIAH PARSONS, son of Josiah Parsons and Mary (Pratt) Cooke, was born in Boston, October 12, 1827. He received his early education at the Boston Latin school, and was graduated from Harvard in 1848. During the next year he became tutor in mathematics, sub- sequently instructor in chemistry, and in 1850, Erving professor of chemistry and mineralogy. Professor Cooke was the first to introduce laboratory instruction into the undergrad- uate course of an American college, and has successfully labored to render the in- ductive methods of experimental science a legitimate means of liberal culture, not COOLIDGE. only in the college, but also in the prepara- tory school. Professor Cooke's work has been largely that of instruction, and in addition to his duties at Harvard, he has given courses of popular lectures in New York, Baltimore, Brooklyn, Lowell, Washington, and Wor- cester, and six courses at the Lowell Institute, Boston. As director of the chemical laboratory of Harvard Col- lege, he has published numerous contri- butions to chemical science, most of which have been collected in a volume entitled “Chemical and Physical Researches ”’ (1881). The investigation of the atomic weight of antimony (1880) was one of the most brilliant and perfect pieces of chemical work ever executed in this country. He has been editorially connected with the “American Journal of Science,” and the “Proceedings of the American Academy of Sciences and Arts.” His ‘* New Chem- istry’ was the earliest exposition of the principles of molecular chemistry. Pro- fessor Cooke is a member of many scien- tific societies. In 1872 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He is an honorary fellow of the London Chemical Society. In 1882 he received the degree of LL. D. from the University of Cambridge, England, and in 1889 the same degree fron’ Harvard. His published works include “Chemical Problems and Researches” (Cambridge, 1857); “Ele- ments of Chemical Physics’’ (Boston, 1860); “First Principles of Chemical Philosophy ” (1882, revised edition); “The New Chemistry” (New York, 1872, re- vised, 1884); “Fundamental Principles of Chemistry ” (Cambridge, 1886); “ Religion and Chemistry” (New York, 1864); “Sci- entific Culture and Other Essays” (New York, 1881, with additions, 1885); “The Credentials of Science, the Warrant of Faith” (New York, 1888). He was married at Lowell, February 6, 1860, to Mary Hinckley, daughter of Elisha and Hannah (Hinckley) Hunting- ton. Mr. Huntington was at one time mayor of Lowell, and at another lieuten- ant-governor of the State. COOLIDGE, TIMOTHY AUGUSTUS, son of William and Ann (Leighton) Cool- idge, was born in Natick, Middlesex county, June 25, 1827. The district school bestowed upon him an elementary education, and beyond this he has depended entirely upon his percep- tive faculties, studying from the world about him. COOLIDGE. His father was a shoemaker in a small way, and as he was one of seven children, he was obliged very early in life to provide for his own support. Until he was twenty ears old, he worked in the shop with his father, with the exception of three months, when, as a lad of thirteen years, he “pegged” for Henry Wilson — afterward United States senator and vice-president. Ever since his twentieth year, Mr. Coolidge has been a growing shoe manufacturer, at first doing most of the work himself, now giving employment to hundreds of people. From 1848 to ’58 he manufactured shoes in Concord, and from 1858 to the present time, has conducted a manufactory in Marlborough. On the r7th of October, 1848, he was married, in Concord, to Sarah B., daughter of Abel and Rebecca (Lewis) Davis, their only child being Malissa A. Coolidge. In September, 1854, he married his second wife, Maria H., daughter of Thomas Davis. In financial affairs he has gained a sub- stantial reputation as self-reliant, cautious, firm and just. Politically he has followed the lead of his early employer, Henry TIMOTHY A. COOLIDGE. Wilson, Socially he has been found en- thusiastic in every department, and holds high Masonic orders (32°). He has also been actively identified with several phil- CORCORAN, 143 anthropic societies; is an active temperance man, and a valuable member of the Farm- ers’ & Mechanics’ Club and the Board of Trade. He is a trustee of the Marl- borough Savings Bank and was a director in, and is also vice-president of, the First National Bank of Marlborough. He isa justice of the peace, and has been a mem- ber of the board of selectmen eight years, chairman four years, and in 1880 and ’81 was elected to represent the 32d Middlesex district in the Legislature. COPELAND, HORATIO FRANKLIN, son of Horatio and Delia (Nye) Copeland, was born in Easton, Bristol county, November 15, 1842. He is a lineal descendant of Lawrence Copeland, who came to this country from England in early colonial days, married Lydia Townsend, and died in 1699, and who is said to have arrived at the age of one hundred and ten years. Mr. Copeland was fitted for college at Thetford (Vt.) Academy, and after study- ing medicine with Dr. Caleb Swan of Eas- ton, attended Harvard medical college, where he was graduated in 1865. His country needing his services, he received his degree in advance of his regular graduation, and at once (January, 1865) tookthe position of acting assistant-surgeon in the United States service, and was placed in charge of the Post Hospital at Bermuda Hundred, and of the small-pox hospital located at that place. He remained at his post until June of that year, when he returned to Massachusetts, and located in the practice of his profession at South Abington (now Whitman), where he has since been constantly and_ successfully engaged. , He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and has devoted himself untiringly to his profession, endeavoring to keep in the front rank of the progressive school of practice. Dr. Copeland has taken a keen interest in free masonry. He is a member of Puri- tan Lodge, Pilgrim Chapter, Old Colony Commandery, and Abington Council ; was presiding officer of the last named body for four years. He is a member of Post No. 78, G. A. R., and is a Republican in politics. CORCORAN, JOHN W., son of James and Catherine Corcoran, was born June 14, 1853, at Batavia, Monroe county, NY, His early education was obtained in the public schools of Clinton, Mass. He after- wards pursued his studies in Holy Cross College, Worcester, St. John’s University, 144 CORCORAN. New York City, and the Boston Univer- sity law school. He began the practice of law in Clinton, June, 1875, and later on formed a co-part- nership with Herbert Parker. He was also a member of the law firm of Corcoran & Walsh from 1882 until the death of Mr. Walsh, in August, 1887. He is still in practice in Clinton, and associated with Mr. Parker. Mr. Corcoran was married in Boston April 28, 1881, to Margaret J., daughter of Patrick and Mary McDonald. Of. this union are two daughters and one son: Mary Gertrude, Alice, and John Corco- ran. JOHN W. CORCORAN. Mr. Corcoran was a member of the school committee of Clinton for thirteen years, and is now its chairman. He has been a member of the board of water com- missioners since its organization, 188r. He has been town solicitor of Clinton since the creation of the office, in 1883. He was delegate to the national Democratic con- ventions in 1884 and in 1888, and in the latter year acted as chairman of the dele- gation, and has been a member of the Democratic state committee since 1883, which position he still holds, being vice- chairman of that body. He was president of the Clinton board of trade 1886-’87. CORSE. Mr. Corcoran was candidate for senator in 1880, for district-attorney of Worcester county 1883 and ’84, for attorney-general of Massachusetts in 1886—’87, and for lieu- tenant-governor in 1888—’89—all on the Democratic ticket. He was appointed receiver of the Lancaster National Bank of Clinton, January 20, 1886, by the comptrol- ler of the currency of the United States, and still holds that position, CORSE, JOHN MURRAY, son of John L. and Sarah (Murray) Corse, was born in Pittsburg, Allegheny county, Pa., April 27, 1835. His ancestors, of Huguenot lineage, came to Virginia about ahundred years be- fore his birth. He was educated in the public schools of St. Louis, Mo., and Burlington, Ja., and entered West Point in 1853. On graduating, he resigned, and took a course in the Albany law school. In 1861 he was appointed major of the 6th Iowa infantry. He afterwards joined the staff of General John Pope, with the rank of judge-advocate-general, and later that of inspector-general. In this capacity he went through the New Madrid and Island No. 10 campaigns, and the battle of Shiloh. Having been promoted to lieu- tenant-colonel of the 6th Iowa infantry, he joined Sherman, with his regiment, and participated in the sieges of Corinth and Memphis, and the Mississippi campaign. For gallantry in the assault on Jackson, as colonel of his regiment, he was com- missioned brigadier-general. His next promotion was to the command of the 4th division, 15th army corps, which body he took to Chattanooga, via Memphis. While leading an assaulting column of Sherman’s men at Mission Ridge, he had his leg broken by a shell, and was carried from the field. After recovery from his wound, he joined General Sherman, became a member of his staff, and with him marched “from Atlanta to the sea.” For his notable bravery at Allatoona Pass, General Corse was made major-gen- eral, a promotion well merited and nobly earned. With comparatively a handful of men within the works, he repelled for hours the fiercest assaults of overwhelming num- bers, and sustained one of the hottest, most deadly artillery fires experienced dur- ingthewar. Expecting relief, he doggedly refused to surrender. Wounded, worn down by fatigue, and in the centre of that murderous fire, he eagerly watched for the signal “Hold the Fort’ from the tardily approaching relief column that came at last, and with it the inspiration that has since been caught up in song by millions CORSER., of his countrymen who are ignorant of its origin. General Corse’s war record is an enviable one, and the same courage displayed in the field has since characterized his walks in civil and political life. JOHN M. CORSE. General Corse was appointed collector of internal revenue by President Johnson in 1867. In 186g he went abroad and spent several years in Europe. His only con- nection in business interests was in Chicago, as constructor of railroads and harbors. He was appointed by President Cleveland, postmaster of Boston, October 8, 1886, in place of Edward S. Tobey. This position he still holds, and by his executive ability has won the commendation of the public, irrespective of party. Mr. Corse was first married in December, 1856, to Ellen Edwards, daughter of Kim- ball and Ellen (Pray) Prince. Of this union is one son, an only child—now cashier of the Chicago, Santa Fé & California Railroad. His second marriage occurred in 1883, with Frances, niece of President Pierce, and daughter of John and C. (M.) McNeil. CORSER, CHARLES A., son of Benja- min and Sarah (Gove) Corser, was born in Lyndon, Caledonia county, Vt., September 21, 1833. COWLEY. 146 The common schools furnished his early education. His first connection in business was in Charlestown, N. H., 1861, in the retail boot and shoe business. He came to Holyoke in 1863 and opened up the same line of business. He was member of the board of selectmen and of health, Holyoke, from 1869 to ’71; member of the House of Representatives, 1871; elected to the Senate 1880 and ’8r; member of the board of aldermen, 188r. His church connections are with the Baptist society, Holyoke—has been its’ Sabbath-school superintendent two years. He has traveled extensively in the West, Lower California and up the Pacific coast, in 1871 and ’77. Mr. Corser was married in Charlestown, N. H., November 2, 1858, to Isabel S., daughter of Cephas and Hansey (Hyland) Isham. He was married again in Holyoke, May, 1868, to Arabell T. White. His children are: Theressa I., Charles B., Lilian H., and Rachel H. Corser. COWLEY, CHARLES, son of Aaron and Hannah (Price) Cowley, was born at Eastington, Gloucestershire, England, Jan- uary 9, 1832. His father was a manufac- turer of carpets, who, on coming to Massa- chusetts, established and carried on carpet factories at Woburn and Lowell. Mr. Cowley was educated in the public schools of Lowell and by tutors in advanced studies. He early commenced writing for the public press of Lowell, and at the age of twenty assumed the editorial manage- ment of the “ Lowell Daily Courier.” His ambition led him to abandon this situation and enter upon the study of law under Judge J. G. Abbott. In May, 1856, he was admitted to the Middlesex bar, and opened an office in Lowell, where, and in Boston, he has prac- ticed his profession with success. In 1861, at the outbreak of the civil war, Mr. Cowley was elected captain of the Wamesit Rifles, a newly organized com- pany in Lowell, but finding himself physi- cally unequal to the long marches of mili- tary service he resigned that position and entered the navy, where he was assigned to duty as paymaster at the Brooklyn (N.Y.) navy-yard, under Rear-Admiral Paulding. Next, he served in the same capacity on the “Lehigh,” one of the “ Monitor” fleet which essayed the bombardment of the defenses of Charleston, S.C. Thence he was transferred to the staff of Admiral Dahlgren, where, as judge-advocate, fleet judge, provost judge and revising officer of the naval courts of the South Atlantic 146 COWLEY. squadron, he continued till the close of the war. His naval career was eminently creditable. ‘Though actively engaged in his profes- sion, Judge Cowley has been an occasional contributor to the Boston and Lowell press, and has found time for several his- torical and literary works, which have been well received. His “ History of Lowell” was published in 1868 ; ‘“‘ Famous Divorces of All Ages,” in 1878 ; “ Historical Sketch of Middlesex County,” in the “ Middlesex County Manual,” in 1878; “Leaves from a Lawyer’s Life Afloat and Ashore,” in 1879; “Our Divorce Courts,” in 1879; and ‘‘ Reminiscences of James C. Ayer and the Town of Ayer,” in 1879. Mr. Cowley has served as member of the Lowell city government, of its school com- mittee and other executive boards; has twice been a candidate for the attorney- generalship of Massachusetts—the last time on the ticket headed by Wendell Phillips in 1870, Mr. Cowley’s chief honors have been earned asa reformer. He was a zealous advocate of the passage of the ‘“ Ten Hour CHARLES COWLEY. Law,” and was its champion before joint special committees of the Legislatures of 1869, ’71 and other years. He drafted the charter of the grand lodge of the Order of CRANE, the Knights of St. Crispin ; subsequently he successfully defended the same before the supreme court (Mass. Reports, 113 ; 179), and was largely instrumental in organizing the Bureau of Labor. He has also borne an active part in the reformation of the divorce laws. Mr. Cowley is a member of various chari- table orders and associations, but has been especially prominent in the order of the Knights of Pythias, for which he has writ- ten “ Life Legends of Damonand Pythias ;”’ he has been at the head of the order in his state, and has sat in the supreme lodge of the world. Mr. Cowley is a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, of the Bristol (England) and Gloucestershire Archeological Society, and other learned bodies. He is president of the Port Royal Society, composed of survivors of the De- partment of the South and the South Atlan- tic blockading squadron. In 1885 Nor- wich University of Vermont conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL. D. Mr. Cowley is unmarried. COY, EDWARD G., son of Edward G. and Elizabeth E. (Brown) Coy, was born in Ithaca, Tompkins county, N. Y,, August 23, 1844. Passing through the public schools, he then prepared for college at Williston Seminary, Easthampton, and was gradua- ted from Yale in the class of 1869. He taught school in Cincinnati for a time, then at Williston Seminary, and was after- ward tutor in Yale College. He is now the professor of Greek at Phillips Acad- emy, Andover, having acted as principal of the academy from January to July, 1889. Professor Coy was married in New Ha- ven, Conn., November 25, 1873, to Helen E., daughter of Rev. Samuel D. and Mary Sher- man (Skinner) Marsh, Of this union were three children: Mary Dexter, Sherman Lockwood, and Edward Harris. CRANE, JOSHUA EDDY, son of Barzil- lai and Lydia (Eddy) Crane, was born in Berkley, Bristol county, July 9, 1823, and died in Bridgewater, August 5, 1888. He was educated in the public and private schools of his native town, At the age of sixteen, he was placed in the counting-room of Messrs. Griffin & Eddy, of New York City, and subsequently became connected in the mercantile busi- ness with Morton Eddy, of Bridgewater. In 1848 he purchased his partner's interest, and carried on the business for more than forty years. CRANE, In 1849 Mr. Crane was married to Lucy A., daughter of Quincy and Lucy (Loud) Reed of Weymouth. Of this union are five children living: Joshua E., Jr., Charles Reed, Morton E., Henry L., and Annie Howe Crane. Mr. Crane was among the pioneers of the Free Soil party, and was subsequently active in the organization of the Repub- lican party, of which he was a devoted ad- herent. He was elected town clerk and treasurer in 1856, and for many years filled various municipal offices. In 1857 he represented the town in the state Legislature, and was state senator in 1862-63, serving on com- mittees on mercantile affairs, insurance and claims. He was for several years a member of the Republican state central committee, thirteen years inspector and trustee of the state work-house, and for the greater part of the time chairman of the latter board. For twenty years he was actively con- nected with the Plymouth County Agricul- tural Society, and as trustee and treasurer, did much to further its interests. He also delivered the historical address on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the society. He was the president of the board of trustees of Bridgewater Academy; was fora generation a member of Fellowship Lodge of Masons, and was a charter member of Harmony R. A. Chapter, also a Sir Knight in the Old Colony Commandery of kK. T. Mr. Crane’s church connections were with the Central Square Congregational society. He was chairman of the building committee when the present edifice was built in 1861, He was interested in the local history of the town, and has been a correspondent and contributor to the various historical socie- ties in his vicinity. A few years since, he wrote the history of his town, that ap- peared in the voluminous history of Plym- outh county. His love of antiquarian re- search was well known, and his collection of ancient books and papers is a museum of historic value. Mr. Crane was for years a press correspondent, and wielded a fer- tile pen when touching the leading ques- tions of the hour. He was one of the original incorporators of the Bridgewater Savings Bank, and had been one of the trustees since its organi- zation. He was one of the incorporators of the Bridgewater Water Company, and took a prominent part in the introduction of the system. CRAPO, 147 CRAPO, WILLIAM WALLACE, son of Henry Howland and Mary (Slocum) Crapo, was born in Dartmouth, Bristol county, May 16, 1830, and was the only son in a family of ten children, He inherited his father's Passion for learning, and although his means were limited, he embraced every possible oppor- tunity for study — first in the New Bedford public schools, then at Phillips Academy, Andover, where he prepared for college. He was graduated from Yale—which has since conferred upon him the degree of LL. D.— in the class of 1852. Choosing law as a profession, he attended the Dane law school, Cambridge, and subsequently WILLIAM W. CRAPO. entered the office of Governor Clifford, in New Bedford. In February, 1855, he was admitted to the Bristol bar, and in the following April was elected city solicitor, an office which he continued to hold for twelve consecutive years. -" Mr. Crapo’s first active part in politics was taken about a year after his admission to the bar—at the time of the Fremont and Day- ton campaign. He was an earnest sup- porter of these candidates, and championed them from the stump. He was elected to the House of Representatives in the same year, and when only twenty-seven years 148 CRITTENDEN. of age was tendered a seat in the Senate, but declined the honor. He was actively interested in the estab- lishment of the New Bedford water works, and from 1865 to 1875 held the office of chairman of the board of water com- missioners. As bank president, as director in extensive manufacturing corporations, and in other positions of trust and respon- sibility, he acquired the reputation of being a sound business man and an able financier. He has ever enjoyed the com- plete confidence and respect of his asso- ciates. He has been a diligent student of the history of the “ Old Colony,” and especially of the early settlement of Dartmouth, and has rendered valuable contributions to the historical literature of the State. But the reputation of Mr. Crapo in Mas- sachusetts and the country at large, rests pre-eminently upon his services in the national House of Representatives. He was elected to fill a vacancy in the 44th Congress, and was returned by three suc- cessive elections. In the 45th Congress he was a member of the committee on foreign affairs. In the 46th, he served on the committee on banking and currency, and was chairman of this important com- mittee in the next Congress. He introduced the bill to extend the charter of the national banks, and the passage of the bill was due in no small degree to his skill- ful and persistent efforts. Mr. Crapo is a champion of our fishing interests, and took strong ground recom- mending the abrogation of the fishing articles of the Treaty of Washington. His argumentative methods are direct and logical, and his clear and forcible presen- tation commands attention. It may justly be said of Mr. Crapo, that to what- ever position he has been called, he has always proved himself adequate to the occasion. He has much of that reserve power which does not manifest itself until wanted. Mr. Crapo was married in New Bedford, January 22, 1857, to Sarah T., daughter of George and Serena (Davis) Tappan. Of this union there are two children: Henry Howland and Stanford Tappan Crapo. CRITTENDEN, GEORGE DENNISON, the son of Simeon and Esther (Lathrop) Crittenden, was born in Hawley, Franklin county, August 30, 1827. The common schools of his native town supplied his early mental training, after which he attended Grove Seminary, Charle- mont. CROCKER. His business is, and has been from his first entrance into active business life, that of farming and lumbering. In 1883 he removed to Buckland. Here he has been called to serve the town re- peatedly in positions of trust — selectman, GEORGE D. CRITTENDEN. member of school board, assessor, etc. In 1867 he represented the 5th Franklin dis- trict in the House of Representatives. He was a member of the Franklin county board of county commissioners from 1869 to 1875. Mr. Crittenden was married in North Adams, September 8, 1853, to Lucelia E., daughter of Samuel Dawes of Windsor. The children of this marriage are: Hat- tie E. (now Mrs. William McCloud of New Haven, Conn.), Cora E. (now Mrs. W. S. Ball, Shelburne Falls), Philena H. (now Mrs. Warren 1). Forbes, Buckland), Alice G., Lottie R., Esther M., Viola E., Lillian G., and Lula D. Crittenden. CROCKER, CHARLES T., son of Alvah and Abigail (Fox) Crocker, was born in Fitchburg, Worcester county, March 2, 1833. After receiving a preliminary education in the public schools, he fitted for college and graduated at Brown University in the class of 1854. His father was the original pioneer and builder of the Fitchburg, the CROCKER. Vermont & Massachusetts, and the Troy & Greenfield railroads. He was a member of Congress when he died, in 1874. He was a man of marked individuality, and of the widest experience, and the son came natur- ally by his ability to cope with the man- agement of large interests. Immediately after graduating from col- lege, he associated himself with the firm of Crocker, Burbank & Company, one of the largest paper manufacturing concerns in the state. Mr. Crocker is also largely in- terested in the Orswell Yarn Mills, the Parkhill Manufacturing Company, the Put- nam Machine Company of Fitchburg, the Rollstone Machine Company, and_ the Union Machine Company, the Turner’s Falls Land & Water Power Company, and is a director in the Keith Paper Company, the Montague Paper Company, the John Rus- sell Cutlery Company, and the Crocker National Bank at Turner’s Falls. He is also a trustee in the Crocker Institution for Savings. He is largely interested in rail- roads, is a director in several corporations, and is one of the largest owners in the Fitchburg Railroad Company. At the incorporation of the city of Fitch- burg, in 1873, he was chosen an alderman, and again consented to serve in 1877. In 1879 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives, and in 1880 he became a member of the Senate, creditably filling positions upon several important com- mittees, On the r4th of October, 1857, at Charles- town, Mr. Crocker married Eliza, daughter of William and Eliza B. K. Tufts, of Charlestown. Their children were : Alvah, Emma Louise, William Tufts, Kendall Fox, Charles T., Jr., and Paul Crocker. Mr. Crocker was again married, June 1, 1881, to Helen Trowbridge, daughter of Sam- uel B. and Sarah Trowbridge Barton of Brooklyn, N. Y. The children of this marriage are: Edith Barton and Barton Crocker. CROCKER, GEORGE GLOVER, son of Uriel and Sarah Kidder (Haskell) Crocker, was born in Boston, December 15, 1843. He fitted for college at the Boston pub- lic Latin school, from which he graduated in 1860 as a Franklin medal scholar. He then entered Harvard and graduated in 1864. After a course at the Harvard law school, having received the degrees of A. M. and LL. B., he was, in 1867, ad- mitted to the bar in the county of Suffolk, and began the practice of his profession in Boston, in company with his brother, Uriel CROCKER, 149 H. Crocker. The Messrs. Crocker pub- lished two editions of ‘Notes on the General Statutes,” and simultaneously with the publication of the revision of the statutes in 1882, they issued a third and enlarged edition, entitled “Notes on the Public Statutes.” In 1868 Mr. Crocker joined in a suc- cessful movement to revive the Boston Young Men’s Christian Union, an institu- tion which had been in a comatose condi- tion for several years. He became a life member, and for nine years served as one of the board of directors. During most of that time he had special charge of the deliberative assembly of the Union. In 1873 he was a member of the House of Representatives, was re-elected in 1874, and served both years as chair- man of the committee on bills in the third reading. In 1874 he was also House chairman of the joint committee on the liquor law, and a member of the com- mittee on rules and orders. In the summer of 1877 he was chosen secretary of the Republican state central committee, serving in that position for two GEORGE G. CROCKER. years. In the fall of 1877 Mr. Crocker helped to promote the organization known as the “ Young Republicans,” and in April, 1879, he was elected its chairman. 150 CROCKER. In 1880 he was elected a member of the state Senate, re-elected in 1881, ’82 and ’83, and while in that body served as chairman of the committee on railroads, of the judici- ary committee, and of the committee on rules and orders. He was also a member of the committee on taxation, on the state-house, on bills in the third reading, and of the joint special committee on the revision of the statutes. He prepared the rules which the latter committee adopted to govern its sessions. He also prepared a “ Digest of the Rulings of the Presiding Officers of the Senate and House,” covering a period of fifty years, which digest has since formed a part of the annual “ Manual for the General Court.” In 1883, his fourth year of service in the Senate, he was elected its president. The session of the Legislature for that year was rendered famous by the Tewks- bury and other extended investigations, and was the longest session on record, lasting two hundred and six days. He declined to be a candidate for re-election. On the death of Hon. Thomas Russell, chairman of the Massachusetts board of railroad commissioners, in February, 1887, he was appointed by the governor, Oliver Ames, as a member of that board, and by its members was chosen its chairman. He still holds that position, having been re- appointed in July, 1888, for a term of three years. In May of the present year, he was elected a director of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé Railroad Company, but de- clined to serve, on the ground that the holding of that position would be incon- sistent with the most efficient performance of his duties as railroad commissioner. In June of the current year, Mayor Hart, of the city of Boston, appointed Mr. Crocker as one of three commissioners to examine into the operation of the existing system of taxation, and to report a more equitable system, if any could be devised. Early in the present year, 1889, G. P. Put- nam’s Sons, New York and London, pub- lished a parliamentary manual, entitled “ Principles of Procedure in Deliberative Assemblies,” by George G. Crocker. He has been and is an officer of various business corporations. He is also treas- urer of the Massachusetts Charitable Society, a trustee of the Boston Lying-in Hospital, and of the Massachusetts Char- itable Fire Society, a life member of the Boston Young Men's Christian Union, a member of the Boston Civil Service Re- form Association, of the Citizens’ Associa- CRONIN. tion of Boston, of the Society for Politi- cal Education, the Young Men’s Benevolent Society, the Bar Association of the city of Boston, the Harvard Law School Associa- tion, the Boston Athletic Association, the Beacon Society, the Papyrus, Union, St. Botolph, Algonquin, Country and Union Boat clubs, and resides in the city of Boston. On the roth of June, 1875, he was mar- ried by Rev. Phillips Brooks, at Emmanuel Church, in Boston, to Annie Bliss, daughter of Nathan Cooley Keep, M. D., of Boston, and Susan Prentiss (Haskell) Keep, and has five children: George Glover, Jr., born April 16, 1877 ; Margaret, born April 9, 1878; Courtenay, born February 4, 1881; Muriel, born March 30, 1885; and Lyneham, born February 18, 1889. CRONIN, CORNELIUS F., son of John and Margaret (McCarthy) Cronin, was born in Cork, Ireland, July 25, 1851. Shortly after his birth his parents came to Boston, where he received his early edu- CORNELIUS F. CRONIN. cation at the public schools, winning the Franklin medal on his graduation from the Dwight school. He studied afterward in the Boston evening Latin school, and entered the Boston University law school, where, after a course of three years, he received in 1878 the degree of LL. B. CROSBY. He also studied law in the office of William C. Green, and with Gargan, Swazey & Adams, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1878, where he has been til] recently engaged in the practice of his profession. He has of late been in Los Angeles, Cal., as attorney for the Lowe Gas & Electric Company of that city. Mr. Cronin represented ward 13 of the city of Boston, in the House of Represen- tatives in 1881, ’82 and ’83, and served on the committees on judiciary, and probate and chancery. He was elected state sen- ator from South Boston in 1884, and served on the committees on probate and chan- cery, bills in the third reading, and was chairman of the joint committee on claims. He has never been married. CROSBY, GEORGE HANNIBAL, eldest child of Hartwell Broad and Elizabeth Grant (Buxton) Crosby,was born in Bangor, Penobscot county, Me., September 23, 1836, being a lineal descendant in the seventh generation from Simon and Ann Crosby, who came from England in the ship “Susan and Ellen,” in 1636, and settled in Cambridge. Mr. Crosby’s father, being a builder and contractor, moved to St. john, N.B., directly after the great fire in that city, 841. He had only just re- turned to Albion, Me., where he and his wife were both born, and built for himself some mills, when the great fire occurred in St. John’s, New Foundland, in 1848; he left his family and with a large crew of mechanics went to that city to again engage in building. Three years later he again went to St. John, N. B., and remained. He built the old custom house, suspension bridge, lunatic asylum, Hammond River viaduct, city hospital, and scores of other railroad, government, public and private buildings. During those years his son was attending the public schools, and for a time previous to 1850 he attended the academy at China, Me. He then attended the institute at Waterville, Me., one year, and afterward spent a year at the Wesleyan Academy, Sackville, N. B. At the age of eighteen he was fully prepared to enter college, but at the urgent request of his father to learn the building business, he tried it for one year, but it being distasteful to him he was placed with the firm of Fleming & Hum- bert, builders of engines and general ma- chinery at St. John. Here he remained until the middle of the second year, when, at the time of the Crimean war, he sailed for Constantinople, visiting at the same CROSBY. ri time Gibraltar, Malta, Messina and Liver- pool. Soon after his return he married, at St. John, June 23, 1857, Sadie Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Jane (Disbrow) Ray, of St. John. That same year he moved to Boston. He found employment at the Boston Locomotive Works for one year. He was now a journeyman machinist. From this time he was constantly employed studying mechanical engineering, gradually GEORGE H. CROSBY. advancing into finer grades of work; was foreman in the Massachusetts state prison five years, then foreman for the Ashcroft Steam Gauge Company. In 1873 he was appointed foreman of the American Steam Gauge Company, and there remained until 1875. In 1876, having in the meantime secured patents for several of his valuable improvements in pressure-gauges, safety- valves, etc., he went into business for him- self, and organized the Crosby Steam Gage & Valve Company, of which he was a director and superintendent. His improve- ments in the steam engine indicator and other instruments of precision in which he made a notable success have a world-wide reputation, until to-day the model factory in Boston, with its varied and continued improvements in this special line, stands an honor to the trade, and its productions are 152 CROSBY. found in the principal cities of the United States, Great Britain and the Continent. Mr. Crosby has secured in all over thirty patents, and with the exception of two, these are all in successful operation. Mr. Crosby was a member of the Somer- ville common council in 1876 and’77 ; was a member of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association until 1889 ; and is a member of the American Society of Me- chanical Engineers. Mr. Crosby’s second marriage occurred in 1886, with Alice J., daughter of Harri- son W. and Abbie J. (Thompson) Crosby, of Albion, Me. Of this union are two children: Carlotta Hortense and Omar George Crosby. Mr. Crosby at the age of fifty retired from active business, and has lately built him a beautiful summer residence in Albion, Me., where he cultivates his taste for agri- cultural pursuits, and enjoys the well- earned fruits of an honorable and success- ful career. CROSBY, TULLY, JR., son of Tully and Mehitable Crosby, was born in South Boston, August 21, 1841. Passing his preparatory studies in the public schools, and the academy at Hyan- nis, he then went to sea at the age of eighteen. In 1860 he sought the gold fields of California, and the Nevada silver mines, where he remained until 1863. He spent the years 1864 and ’65 in the city of Chicago, engaged in the pork business ; afterwards he followed the sea again as master mariner. In 1876 he retired from a sea-faring life, and studied law at Boston University. He was admitted to the bar in 1886, and began practice in Barnstable county, having his residence in Brewster. Mr. Crosby was married in Melrose, June 13, 1867, to Lovella J., daughter of Walter and Martha Hopkins. Mrs. Crosby died January 25, 1873. In 1876 Mr. Crosby was again married to Malissa H. Foster of Brewster, daughter of God- frey and Reliance Hopkins. Of this union was one child: Grace L. Crosby, still living. Mr. Crosby served as representative from his district in the General Court in 1885, acting as clerk of the committee on edu- cation. He has been chairman of the school committee, and superintendent of schools the past eight years. He is treas- urer of the First Unitarian parish, Brewster, and trustee of the Cape Cod Five Cents Savings Bank. CROWELL. CROSSLEY, AZRO T., son of Henry T. and Eliza G. (Stetson) Crossley, was born in Harshfield, Plymouth county, De- cember 12, 1855. Passing through the public schools of his native town, he fitted for college in Phillips Academy, Andover, and the high school at South Weymouth. Instead of pursuing his classical studies further, he studied law, reading with Sam- uel C. Darling, city solicitor of Somerville. He began the practice of law in Boston in 1879. In 1883 he removed to Northamp- ton. and was elected city solicitor in 1886, which office he has continued to hold to the present time. Mr. Crossley was married January 2, 1882, at Saratoga, N. Y., to Bertha D., daughter of Leslie A.and Mary E. (Dewey) Belding. Of this union are two children : Elsie and Marjorie Crossley. CROWELL, JOHN, son of John and Anne (Greenleaf) Crowell, was born in Haverhill, Essex county, September 28, 1823. The name was originally Cromwell, but after the restoration of Charles I1., so intense was the feeling against anything pertaining to the great commoner, that some were forced to modify the name, for the sake of peace and safety. His early education was chiefly under the direction of that noted mathematician and teacher, Benjamin Greenleaf, his ma- ternal uncle, with whom he fitted himself for college. His health failing, he did not enter college, but subsequently was able to keep abreast with its curriculum. In 1844 he took charge of the School Street grammar school in Haverhill, where he won success. He commenced the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. George Cogswell, of Bradford. He pur- sued his professional studies still further with Prof. James McClintock of Phila- delphia, and in the Pennsylvania hos- pital in that city, graduating from the Philadelphia College of Medicine in 1850. After remaining a year in Philadelphia, in hospital and dispens- ary service, he began the practice of medicine in his native town in 1851, where he has since resided, identifying himself with its literary and social life, and always taking a deep interest in whatever related to the welfare of his fellow-citizens. Among the positions of honor and trust that Dr. Crowell has been called upon to fill may be mentioned: chairman of the school board, trustee of the public library and secretary of the board, trustee of Bradford Academy, Haverhill City Hospital CROWELL. and Linwood Cemetery Corporation, con- sulting physician of Danvers lunatic asy- lum, member of Massachusetts Medical JOHN CROWELL. Society, president of Essex North Dis- trict Medical Society, state correspondent of board of health, corresponding member of Wisconsin Historical Society, and chair- man of Haverhill board of health, etc. Dr. Crowell’s literary labors have been many and varied, embracing professional, scientific, critical and miscellaneous papers. Some of his professional papers are, “ Dis- eases of the Rectum’ (1856) ; “ History of the Asiatic Cholera” (1873); “Anomalies in Pregnancy ” (1878) ; “The Human Brain and Some of its Phenomena,” and “ Bright’s Disease of the Kidneys.” In 1884 he was orator at the annual meeting of the Massa- chusetts Medical Society, Boston. Among his miscellaneous papers and lectures are: “The Colonial and Revolu- tionary History of Haverhill,” an oration, (1876); “ John Ruskin,” “ Architecture,” ‘Michael Angelo,” “ Historical Poem,” Bradford, (1882). Dr. Crowell was first married January 7, 1854, to Sarah Bradley, daughter of Sam- uel Johnson, of Haverhill, who died in 1859. Of this union was one child, born 1857, died 1858. Dr. Crowell was again married October 31, 1861, to Caroline, CROWLEY. 153 ea of Ephraim Corliss, of Haver- hill. Dr. Crowell’s church connections are with the Centre Congregational church, of which he is an active member, holding im- portant official positions. CROWLEY, JEREMIAH, son of Dennis and Mary (Conley) Crowley, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, January 12, 1832. _ He received his early educational train- ing in the public schools of his native place. When about thirteen years of age he entered the employ of the Lawrence Manu- facturing Company, as a boy. He learned the machinist’s trade with Aldrich, Calvert & Tyng, afterwards working at his trade with Marvel & Lane, and from 1855 to ’58 at Nashua, N. H, At the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, in 1861, he enlisted as a member of the old 6th Massachusetts regiment, and his company was one of the four that made the memorable march through Baltimore. He served nearly four months, and after being mustered out, again sought to enter the service, but was refused on account of disabilities, JEREMIAH CROWLEY. He worked for a time at the Watertown arsenal, and then commenced the study of law, pursuing his legal studies in the office 154 CULLEY. of John F. McEvoy, Lowell. He was admitted to the Middlesex bar in 1869, and has remained in the successful prac- tice of his profession up to the present time. Mr. Crowley served as national delegate of the A. O. H. for two years, and was for thirteen years treasurer of division No. 2, A.O.H.; has been president of the Low- ell Irish Benevolent Society, St. Patrick Temperance Association and the old 6th Regiment Association. He was a member of the Lowell common council in 1870 and ‘a1, and of the board of aldermen in 1873, ‘74,'77,'78 and’86. In 1882 he was elected to the state Senate, serving on the com- mittees on prisons and liquor law, and the committee on removal of Judge Day, judge of probate for the county of Barn- stable. Mr. Crowley did not have the advant- ages of wealth in his earlier days, and to a great extent is a self-educated man, work- ing at his trade by day and studying by night. He is an earnest advocate of tem- perance, and is a leading representative of the better element of the Democratic party. He is in the enjoyment of a very large and lucrative practice, and his integrity is unquestioned. No man stands higher in the estimation of his native city, and his present leading position, both as a man and a lawyer, is a conclusive proof of what pluck, ambition and honest endeavor will accomplish in the face of adversity. CULLEY, ELI, was born near Bath, England, February 4, 1840. He was educated in the national schools of England. He came to this country when fifteen years of age. He began business as a file manufacturer in Weymouth, Mass., in 1864, where he remained four years. He then removed to Fitchburg, where he has ever since followed the same business on an ex- tensive scale. In 1862 he married Martha A., daughter of Eli and Fanny E. Redman. Of this union were six children: Frank C., Walter E., Fanny E., Albert E., Elsie B., and Edith F. Culley. Mr. Culley has often been called upon to serve his fellow-citizens in some public trust ; was president of Fitchburg common council in 1875, and was an alderman in 1877 and ’78. He represented his district in the House of Representatives in 1880, was mayor of Fitchburg in 1880 and ’81, and was elected to the same office in 1888 and *S9. CUMMINGs. He is a prominent member and officer in various Masonic bodies and associations of LO. 0. F. ELI CULLEY, Mr. Culley served his adopted country in the late war in company k, 43d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, during its term of service in 1862 and ’63. CUMMINGS, JOSEPH H., son of Jo- seph and Hannah H. (Knowles) Cummings, was born in Orleans, Barnstable county, June 16, 1840. He obtained his early school training in the public schools and private academy of his native town. ‘This was supplemented by a two years’ attendance at Pierce Academy, Middleborough. From 1846 to '47 he was traveling in Spain and Italy ; spent six months in Eng- land (1852) ; was in St. John, N. B., New Orleans, La., and Liverpool, England, in 1854. These trips were taken for his health, which was delicate in those days. From 1858 to ‘61 he was clerk for the firm of ‘Thomas Knowles & Co., New Bed- ford. From 1861 to ’73 he owned and con- ducted a country store. In 1873 he began the wholesale manufacture of clothing, in connection with William H. Howes, a na- tive of Dennisport, under the firm name of Cummings & Howes. The factory was CUNNIFF. located in Orleans, with office in Boston. He still continues the business connection, but carries on the general store in his own name. ‘The firm has branch factories in Dennisport and Wellfleet. Mr. Cummings was married in Orleans, September 3, 1862, to Helen C., daughter of Eben H. and Rebecca B. (Crosby) Lin- nell. Of this union are six children: Eben L., Henry K., Francis C., Nellie J., Mary S., and George Cummings. Mr. Cummings has served fifteen years on the school board, four of which he was chairman. He is a director in the Cape Cod National Bank of Harwich. He now resides in Orleans. CUNNIFF, MICHAEL MATTHEW, son of Michael and Ellen (Kennedy) Cunniff, was born in Roscommon, Ireland, in 1850, his parents coming to Boston when he was three months old. He obtained his early educational training in the public schools of Boston. This was supplemented by a course of commercial training in the Bry- ant & Stratton Commercial College, Bos- ton. His first connection in business was in the wine and spirit trade, with his brother Bernard, in Boston. He subsequently went out of that line to doa general banking and brokerage business, principally in the handling of gas securities. He has also been identified with the West End Street Railway, Charles River Embankment Company, and other land and railroad improvements in Boston and vicinity. Mr. Cunniff was president of the Demo- cratic city committee of Boston two years ; chairman of the executive branch of the Democratic state committee two years ; has been a member of the state committee twelve years ; was a member of the execu- tive council of Governor Ames, 1888, and was renominated, but declined the honor, for 1889. He is a member of the Charitable Irish Society of Boston ; a director in the Me- chanics National Bank of Boston, having been prominent in its re-organization ; director in the Bay State Gas Company ; one of the foremost capitalists in the organization of the Boston Gas Syndicate, and largely interested in the gas business of Boston. Mr. Cunniff was chief ranger in the In- dependent Order of Foresters: and a member of the Protective Order of Elks. He is also a member of the Montgomery Light Guard Veteran Association. Mr. Cunniff is unmarried. CUNNINGHAM. 155 CUNNINGHAM, JAMES ADAMS, son of Nathaniel Fellows and Martha (Putnam) Cunningham, was born in Boston, Novem- ber 27, 1830, He received his educational training at Framingham and Lunenburg academies, and began life for himself as a farmer in Lunenburg. _ At the opening of the war of the rebel- lion, he entered the service of his country, and from November 1, 1861, to July 1, 1865, he was with his regiment, the 32d Massachusetts volunteers, as leutenant, captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, and brevet-colonel. September 1, 1866, he was JAMES A. CUNNINGHAM. brevetted brigadier-general ; commissioned adjutant-general of Mascachusetts, with the rank of major-general, December, 1866, resigning January 14, 1879 ; was appointed superintendent of Soldiers’ Home in Mas- sachusetts, April, 1882, where he still re- mains, and has his residence in Chel- sea, General Cunningham was in all the cam- paigns of the army of the Potomac, from the Peninsular under McClellan, to the sur- render of the army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox, April 9, 1865. He has a natural talent, and early dis- played a taste, for the details of military science. As early as 1846 he was commis- 156 CURRIER. sioned in the Fitchburg Fusileers, and re- signed as captain in 1859. General Cunningham was married in Annisquam, June 12, 1856, to Ann Eliza, daughter of Oliver Griffin and Charlotte (Phippen) Lane. Of this union are three children: Charles Edward, Frederick Lane, and Annie Grafton Cunningham. CURRIER, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, son of Festus C. and Johanna M. (Allen) Cur- rier, was born in Worcester, December 24, 1851. His parents removed to Holliston when he was about a year old, and he received his early education in the public schools of that town. He removed to Fitchburg in January, 1869, and for a number of years had full charge of the office work of the large in- surance agency of his father. At the time of his appointment as postmaster, he was a member of the firm of F. C. Currier & Son, insurance, railroad, and steamship agents. He was connected with Whitney Opera House for three years, as business mana- ger. He was for four years secretary of the Worcester North Agricultural Society, and declined a re-election. He was also in charge of the office work of the Massachu- setts Mutual Aid Society, of which his father is secretary. He was appointed postmaster of the city of Fitchburg by President Cleveland, receiving the endorsement of business men, irrespective of party, although he had never sought, nor had he previously held, public office. CURTIS, ALBERT, son of Samuel, Jr., and Eunice (Taft) Curtis, was born in Worcester, July 13, 1807, being one of the fourth generation from Ephraim Curtis, who came from Sudbury to Worcester in 1673, and who is supposed to be the first white settler in Worcester. He was one of a large family of chil. dren, and was early bereaved of his father. Before he had reached his tenth vear he was obliged, to a great extent, to pro- vide his own living. He resided for a time with his uncle in Auburn, and later with an elder brother in Tioga county, N. Y., doing what he was able to do at farm labor. He returned to Worcester at the age of seventeen, robust in health, and filled with a laudable ambition to better his condition, and that of those who might need his support. He went into the service of White & Boyden, manufacturers of woolen machin- ery. He remained with them as apprentice CURTIS. and journeyman several years. In 1831, with John Simmons and Abel Kimball as partners, he commenced a business of his own, in the manufacture of machinery suitable for use in various departments of cloth making. His business broadened with success, taking in the manufacture of cloth itself. He was soon the owner of extensive mill property. His early knowledge of ma- chinery stood him in good stead in the va- rious branches of his extensive business. Twice during his business career he has suffered largely by destructive fires, but nothing daunted by untoward vicissitudes, he has immediately set about repairing and rebuilding. Possessed of but a limited education, his taste for reading in early years has been a strong motor in his after acquirements. He has obtained a good knowledge of books, and has pursued his studies in va- rious departments of intellectual culture. Particularly has he been interested in his- torical and antiquarian researches. He has been vice-president of the Worcester Society of Antiquity, and an efficient mem- ber of several other like institutions. Mr. Curtis has also for many years been interested in agricultural pursuits. He has devoted his time to business rather than to politics ; but as early as 184o he was se- lectman of the town of Worcester, serving two years; was a member of the common council the first year of the infant city, and alderman in 1857. Mr. Curtis has been an unswerving mem- ber of the Republican party since he joined its ranks after the dissolution of the old Whig party. He has been a member of the Trinitarian Congregational church since 1828, The first wife of Mr. Curtis was Mrs. Sally V. (Houghton) Griffin, of Sterling, to whom he was married in October, 1833. His second wife was Rosella P. (Perrin) Bancroft, widow of Rev. David Bancroft, formerly of Tolland, Conn. He has no children. CURTIS, EDWIN UPTON, son of George and Martha Ann (Upton) Curtis, was born in Roxbury, Norfolk county, March 26, 1861, He attended the grammar and Latin schools, in Roxbury, the Little Blue school at Farmington, Maine, fitted for college, entered Bowdoin College, and was grad- uated A. B. in the class of 1882. He re- ceived the degree of A. M. in 1885. He chose the law for a profession, was admitted to the Boston bar, and formed a CURTIS. connection with William Gardner Reed, under the firm name of Reed & Curtis, In 1889 he was elected city clerk of Boston. EDWIN U, CURTIS. Mr. Curtis was secretary of the Repub- lican city committee in 1888. He isamem- ber of Rabboni Lodge, F. & A. M., St. Matthew’s Chapter, R. A. M., and of St. Omer Commandery of Knights Templar. He is a director of the Roxbury Club, and assistant secretary of Bowdoin College Alumni Association, Boston. Mr. Curtis is unmarried. CURTIS, GEORGE, was born in West- minster, Worcester county, September 3, 1817. His mother was Lydia Gilbert of Sharon. His father, Francis Curtis, was a native of Walpole, the fifth in descent from William Curtis, the ancestor who came from England, September 16, 1632. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools and academy of his native town. At the age of seventeen he left his home to learn the carpenter’s trade of William Merrifield of Worcester, where he remained until twenty years of age, when he went to Boston. He continued working at his trade, with intervals of teaching school, until the age of twenty- eight, when he engaged in business for him- self as builder, in Roxbury. Many of the CUSHMAN. ray large buildings destroyed by the fire of "72 were built by him, as were also many fine residences in the towns of Milton, Canton, Waltham, Stoneham. He served as alder. man four years in Roxbury before it was annexed to Boston. After the annexation, he was also alderman of Boston during the years 1881—’82 and ’84. He was overseer of the poor in Roxbury and Boston nearly a score of years. In the year 1857, owing to a partial sun-stroke, he left the building business and engaged in the lumber trade. Mr. Curtis represented his district in the General Court for the years 1861 and '62, and again in 1886. He was connected with several military organizations, and was actively engaged in enlisting soldiers for the war. He was commander of the Roxbury Horse Guards for four years, and was subsequently appointed major of cavalry. He retired from active business in 1883, succeeded by the firm of Curtis & Pope. He is director in the Rockland Bank, and one of the trustees of the Roxbury Club. Mr. Curtis was married in Fitchburg, September 18, 1845, to Martha Ann, daugh- ter of Joseph and Susan Thurston Upton, of Fitchburg. Of this union are four children living: Henry Clifford, Martha Gertrude (now Mrs. Cate), Edwin Upton, and Nelson Curtis. CUSHMAN, SOLOMON FRANCIS, son of Solomon and Harriet (Adams) Cush- man, was born in Monson, Piscataquis county, Maine, November 18, 1826. For his early education he was depend- ent upon the public schools and the acad- emy. Through his boyhood, besides the time required for study, his leisure hours were expended upon the farm, and in early youth he found employment working in the Maine pineries, and for seven years was engaged as a clerk in a country store. In 1856 he became connected as book- keeper with the Monson Woolen Manu- facturing Company, at Monson. In 1866 Mr. Cushman formed a co-partnership with Horatio Lyon, succeeding to the business of the Monson Woolen Manufactory. This co-partnership continued for twelve years, when he purchased the entire business and became sole proprietor, which position he still holds, being an extensive manufacturer of woolen goods. On the 16th of November, 1852, Mr. Cushman was married in Monson, Maine, to Candace Brown Packard, and is now the father of six children: Edward Dick- inson, Rufus Packard, Solomon Fred., 158 CUTTER. Hattie Frances, Thaddeus Lyon and Robert Holmes Cushman. In 1881 and ’83 he was a representa- tive in the Legislature, and has also most acceptably filled the position of selectman. Among other benevolent and mercantile trusts, he has served as director in the Na- tional Bank, trustee of the Savings Bank, trustee of the Monsun Academy and treas- urer of the library. SOLOMON F. CUSHMAN, He moved from Monson, Me., in 1854, to Palmer, Mass., and in 1856 he went to Monson, Mass., which place has since been his residence. CUTTER, ABRAM EDMANDS, son of Abraham and Mary (Gibson) Cutter, was born in Newburyport, Essex county, Jan- uary 24, 1822. His father was a mason and builder. He erected many of the fac- tories and important buildings in Saco and Biddeford, Maine, and also represented Saco in the Maine Legislature 1853 and 54. He died in Saco, August 25, 1886, at eighty-seven years of age. Mr. Cutter was educated in the public schools of Saco, Me., where his father re- moved when the son was but four years of age. This was supplemented by a three years’ course in Thornton Academy, Saco. After leaving the academy he entered a store in Saco, where the drug business was CUTTER. combined with book-selling. This business he followed for some years, with the ex- ception, in the meantime, of a year spent in two voyages to Europe, in a sailing ves- sel, and another term of study in the academy. He came to Boston in 1843, and was employed in the drug store of the late William Brown; remained there and in same business in another location till 1852, when he removed to Charlestown and opened business as book-seller, the firm being McKim & Cutter. At the end of three years he purchased his partner’s interest, and continued the business till within a recent period. Mr. Cutter was elected to the school board of Charlestown in 1857, serving six- teen years before annexation, and nine years after that as member of the Boston school board. He was first married July 7, 1853, in Charlestown, to Mary Eliza, daughter of Barnabas and Eliza (Whittemore) Ed- mands. His wife died February 11, 1854. His second marriage was October 13, 1857, with Elizabeth Finley, daughter of Wash- ington and Elizabeth (Hay) Smith, of New York. They have no children. Mr. Cutter has always been identified with, and interested in, the various local charities and institutions of the city, and actively connected with the Harvard Uni- tarian church of Charlestown. He is best known as an active educational supporter, and a champion of our public schools. CUTTER, CHARLES AMMI, son of Caleb Champney and Hannah (Biglow) Cutter, was born in Boston, March 14, 1837. He was fitted for college at the Hopkins classical school, Cambridge ; was gradu- ated from Harvard in 1855, and from the Cambridge divinity school in 1859. In 1861 he was made assistant in the cataloguing department of Harvard College library, which position he held for seven years, and on the ist of January, 1869, became librarian of the Boston Athenzum, which office he still holds. He has prepared a new classification for libraries, and written two articles in the “North American Review” on “ Harvard College Library ;” “Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalogue” (Washington Bu- reau of Education, 1876; new edition expected 1889); ‘Boston Athenzum : “How to get Books, with an Explanation of the new way of Marking Books” (Boston, 1862); edited the “Catalogue of the Library of the Boston Atheneum, 1870- CUTTER. "71" (§ vols., Boston, 1874~’82), and has been a contributor to the “* Nation” for the past twenty years. Since January, 1881, he has edited the “ Library Journal” (New York), and was president of the American Library Association, 1887-’89. May 21, 1863, Mr. Cutter was married to Sarah Fayerweather, daughter of Charles John Appleton, of Cambridge. They have three children: Louis Fayerweather, Ro- land Norcross, and Gerald Clifford Cutter, CUTTER, LEONARD RICHARDSON, the son of Daniel and Sally (Jones) Cutter, was born in Jaffrey, Cheshire county, N. H., July 1, 1825, under the shadow of the old Monadnock mountain. He obtained his education in the common schools and academy of his native town. ' Until twenty years of age, his time not devoted to study was spent on the farm, with the exception of three terms of winter school taught by him between the ages of seventeen and twenty. Mr. Cutter went to Boston in 1845, and found employment in a grocery store, where everything was sold in the line of groceries, save intoxicating liquors. After serving a six years’ clerkship, he went into business for himself, in which he continued ten years. He is now engaged in the real estate busi- ness in the city of Boston, and still carries out the practical side of his theory of non- lease of property to be used for sale of intoxicating liquors. Mr. Cutter was married in Brighton, 1852, to Mercy, daughter of Phineas and Mercy (Fairbanks) Taylor. Of this union are two children: Agnes E. and Emma A. Cutter. Mr. Cutter was an assessor in Boston, 1859, 60 and ’61 ; was alderman 1871, ’72, 73, and '74; chairman of the board one DAGGETT, HANDEL N., son of Eben- ezer and Sarah (Maxcy) Daggett, was born in Attleborough, Bristol county, Jan- uary 27, 1821. His education was gained by attending the common schools of Attleborough, Day’s Academy, Wrentham, three years, and two years in Perkins’s Academy, Attleborough. Mr. Daggett commenced business as manufacturer of print cloths at Falls Vil- lage, Attleborough, January, 1844, in con- nection with his brother, Homer M. Daggett, and continued in this business several years under the firm name of H. N.& H. M. Daggett. This firm was dissolved in 1855. DAGGETT. 159 year, and acting mayor the last month of 1873, the mayor having resigned. He was a member of the Boston water board six LEONARD R. CUTTER. years, and water commissioner eight years, retiring in 1883. He served as chairman of the board four years. On retirement of Mr. Cutter from his connections with the water board, special resolutions commendatory of faithful per- formance of duty were tendered him by the board. In 1861 Mr. Daggett began the manufacture of mohair braids, his being the first estab- lishment of the kind in the country. This proved remunerative under the protective tariff of r862. He still continues the manu- facture of braids of all varieties, and on an extensive scale, as sole owner. Previous to 1861, mohair, as well as alpaca braids, were imported from England, France and Germany. In less than three years after the manufacture was begun here with American machinery, the foreign article was driven out of the market, the American braids being of a quality far superior to the foreign. 160 DAGGETT. Mr. Daggett has enjoyed the confidence of his townsmen, in early life serving them in various offices— selectman, overseer of the poor, assessor, town clerk, etc., cover- ing a period of ten years. He represented his town in the General Court in 1863, and again in 1883. He is director in the First National Bank, Pawtucket, R. I., and in North Attle- borough National Bank; is vice-president of the Cotton & Woolen Mutual Fire In- surance Company of Boston, treasurer of HANDEL N. DAGGETT. the Attleborough Branch R. R. Co., and is treasurer of several manufacturing and other corporations. DAGGETT, HOMER M., son of Eben- ezer and Sarah (Maxcy) Daggett, was born in Attleborough, Bristol county, January 27, 1821. He received his early education at the common school and the academy in town, subsequently attending Day’s Academy, Wrentham, and the high school at Wor- cester. In 1544 Mr. Daggett started in business with his brother, Handel N. Daggett, in Attleborough, in the manufacture of cotton goods. In 1852 he removed to Farmer’s Village in Attleborough, where he was engaged in the manufacture of spool thread. DALTON. In 1860 he was appointed cashier of the Attleborough Bank, located at North Attle- borough, and at about the same time HOMER M. DAGGETT. assisted in the organization of the Attle- borough Savings Bank, of which he was appointed treasurer. He continued his connection with both banks until 1873, when he resigned both offices to re-engage in the manufacture of coarse cottons and knitting cotton at Farmer’s Village. In March, 1875, Mr. Daggett assisted in the organization of the First National Bank, Attleborough, and was elected its cashier, which office he still holds, enjoying a repu- tation as an authority on banking business. He was elected to the Senate in 1860; has been a deacon of the Attleborough Baptist church since 1857. He married in Attleborough, May 28, 1843, Angelina, the daughter of Otis and Content Smith Daggett, by whom he has six children: Alice A., Homer M., Jesse Taylor, Sanford, Jennie and Frederick Daggett. DALTON, SAMUEL, the son of Joseph A. and Mary Dalton, was born at Salem, Essex county, June 25, 1840. He received his early education in the public schools of Salem, and was graduated at the Salem classical and high school with the class of 1856, DAMRELL. His first connection in business was with his father in the leather business, a short time only, then as clerk to Gove Brothers & Co., Boston, then as salesman to E. B. Hull & Co., Boston, all in the same busi- ness. From this situation he entered the army in 1861, as sergeant, and was mus- tered out as rst lieutenant in 1864, having served the full term under the three years’ call. In March, 1877, he was appointed com- mander of the 2d corps of cadets, and was a member of Gov. Long’s staff, being ap- pointed colonel and inspector, December 10, 1881. This office he resigned January 3, 1883. On January 4, 1883, he was appointed by Gov. Butler adjutant-general of the State of Massachusetts, with rank of briga- dier-general, which position he still holds. Gen. Dalton was married in Salem, March 9, 1863, to Hannah F., daughter of W. F. and Abigail Nichols, of Salem. His family consists of a daughter and son: Edith B. and R. Osborn Dalton. DAMRELL, JOHN STANHOPE, son of Samuel and Ann (Stanhope) Damrell, was born in Boston, June 29, 1828. He attended the public schools of Boston and Cambridge, and worked ona farm in Haverhill until he was ten years of age. His first connection in business was with Isaac Melvin of Cambridge, to whom he was apprenticed to learn the trade of a carpenter. He then came to Boston as a master builder, and in 1856 he formed a partnership with James Long, continuing until the dissolution of the co-partnership in 1874. During an interregnum of three years he made no contracts nor built any buildings, by reason of attachments being placed upon his real estate and working capital, on account of his connection with the explosion of buildings with powder at the great Boston fire in 1872. In 1877 he was appointed by the mayor of Boston as inspector of buildings, which office he holds at the present time. April 11, 1850, at Cambridge, he was married to Susan Emily, daughter of John and Susan Snelling (Monks) Hill. The fruits of this marriage were five children: Eliza Ann, John E. S., Carrie M., Charles S. and Susan Emily, of whom only the two sons are now living. It is in the fire department that Mr. Damrell has done conspicuous service and won an enviable reputation. He took an interest in fire matters in his early boyhood, his father and brother being members of the Boston fire department. He joined DAMRELL. 1601 “Hero Engine Company No. 6,” in 1848, and continued through all the grades of membership and official position until 1858, when he was elected an assistant engineer. In 1868 he was elected chief engineer of the department, and thus continued until 1874, when the department was placed under a commission. From first to last Captain Damrell has been universally conceded to be a master of the science of the extinguishment of fires, and an expert of advanced ideas con- nected with that important service. He was unanimously elected president of a convention of chief engineers. called at Baltimore in 1874 in consequence of the sweeping conflagrations that had taken place in the cities of Portland, Chicago and Boston. He was the first president of the Massachusetts State Firemen’s Association. He has also served as president of the Firemen’s Charitable Association, Boston Firemen’s Mutual Relief Association, Boston Veteran Firemen’s Association, and is to-day actively connected with these and kindred organizations, JOHN S. DAMRELL. He has also been connected with the state militia, serving as lieutenant of the old Mechanic Rifles of Boston, an honorary member of the National Lancers, and has been a member of the Ancient and Honor- 162 DANA. able Artillery for the past twenty years. In 1852 he was elected major of the rst Mas- sachusetts regiment, but did not qualify. During the war he performed patriotic service under Governor Andrew and Mayor Lincoln of Boston, in filling the quota of men allotted to the city. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, Royal Arcanum, Odd Fellows, and isa Mason of the 32d degree. He has been, since its organiza- tion, president of the Supreme Parliament of the Golden Rule Alliance, and for the past fifteen years a trustee of the state school for the feeble-minded. His church connections have ever been with the Methodist Episcopal church, serv- ing for twenty-three consecutive years as superintendent of a Sabbath-school. He has been identified with the Good Tem- plars, and is an ardent Prohibitionist. A large number of interesting and valu- able presents received at various times from his comrades, the city authorities and the general public, attest the popularity, high character and unquestioned ability of Boston’s celebrated fire-captain. He is now president of the Boston Firemen’s Cemetery Association, and chairman of the executive committee to erect a monument to their honor. DANA, RICHARD HENRY, son of Rich- ard Henry and Sarah (Wolson) Dana, was born in Cambridge, Middlesex county, Jan- uary 3, 1851. He received his early educational train- ing in the private and public schools of his native city. He fitted for college in St. Paul’s School, Concord, N. H., and was graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1874. He chose the profession of law, and pur- suing his legal studies in the Harvard law school, was graduated in 1877. He began practice with his father at Boston in 1878, then with H. L. Harding in 1879, and is now in business alone. Besides being en- gaged in the active practice of the law, he is manager of various large and important trusts. Mr. Dana was married in Cambridge, January ro, 1878, to Edith, daughter of the late Henry W. and Frances (Appleton) Longfellow. Of this union were five chil- dren: Richard Henry, Jr., Henry W. L., Frances A., Allston, and Edmund Trow- bridge Dana. His residence is Cambridge. Mr. Dana went abroad in 1882 to recover from the effects of a serious attack of ty- phoid fever. Since his return he has de- voted the spare time from his profession mostly to the cause of civil service reform, DANA. writing numerous articles in the “ Civil Service Record,” of which he became chief editor in January, 1889. He was a mem- ber of the Massachusetts Civil Service Re- form League which presented a bill for the reform of the civil service of the cities and towns of the Commonwealth. He was sec- retary of the independent Republicans at their meeting in New York, February 23, 1884, and has been connected with several philanthropic societies in Boston, especially the Associated Charities, in which organiza- tion in 1878 and ’79 he labored, and whose scheme of work he formulated. In the winter of 1887-8 he drew up a bill for the introduction of the Australian ballot law, which was in substance adopted by the Legislature (1888, chapter 436). He was much interested in improved dwellings for the laboring classes, and is vice-president of the Improved Dwellings Association which built a fine building (1888-9) at South Boston, which is proving a success both financially and as a benefit to the poorer classes. To the organization of the corporation, and the plans of the building he gave much time. In 1884-’s he built a house for a summer home on a part of the estate formerly belonging to his grandfather at Manchester-by-the-Sea. DANA, THOMAS, son of William and Lucinda (Weston) Dana, was born in Springfield, Windsor county, Vt., Decem- ber 8, 1833. He obtained his. early education in the common schools of his native place and at Wesleyan Academy, graduating there in 1848, In 1850 he began his business life with Tarbell & Dana, wholesale grocers. At twenty-one years of age he was taken into the concern as a partner, under the firm name of Tarbell, Dana & Co. In 1863 he pur- chased the interest of Mr. Tarbell and formed the frm of Thomas Dana & Co., which has continued with increasing pros- perity to the present time. Mr. Dana was married in Upper Falls, Vt., February 9, 1855, to Helen P. Wil- liams. In 1861 he was again married to Mary C., daughter of Sewall and Rebecca (Hyde) Baldwin, of Cambridge. They have three children: William Franklin, Helen, and Ada Dana. Mr. Dana has never allowed himself to be drawn into the arena of politics, belong- ing rather to that small but influential body of citizens who control events by their force of character, and shape public opinion by their own lives of unimpeached integrity. DAVIS. Mr. Dana’s experience and commercial sagacity find better scope in the manage- ment of trusts and direction of large finan- THOMAS DANA. cial responsibilities. He is president of the Union Glass Company, director in the Maverick National Bank, and many other monetary institutions. DAVIS, ANDREW JACKSON, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Robinson) Davis, was born near Blooming Grove, Orange county, N. Y., August 11, 1826, His youth was passed in comparative poverty and subjected to hard labor. His education was limited. He inherited from his mother a delicate physical constitution, fair mental powers, a highly spiritual nature and intuitive faculties. His father was a shoemaker. While yet a boy his parents removed to Poughkeepsie, N. Y. On vari- ous occasions during his childhood he claims to have heard spirit voices. In 1843 Wil- liam Levington, of Poughkeepsie, is said to have developed in him extraordinary clairvoyant powers. Although ignorant of books, he is said to have been able to in- telligently discuss questions medical, psy- chological and of general character. On March 7, 1844, he fell into a trance which lasted sixteen hours, during which time he affirms that he was ‘“‘in the spirit’ and conversed with spiritual beings. The next DAVIS. 163 year, during one of his clairvoyant states, he dictated lectures on magnetism, which were put into writing by the Rev. Gibson Smith. In 1846, being clairvoyant, he com- menced the dictation of his first work, “ Nature’s Divine Revelations,” which was taken down by the Rev. William Fishbor- ough, of New Haven, Conn. Much of the time during these eventful years he was engaged in healing the sick. His dictated works produced a sensation, as they pre- sented a wide range of subjects and re- jected the idea of any special authority in the teachings of the Bible. No man, perhaps, has done more to impart vitality and coherency to the spir- itual movement than Andrew Jackson Davis. He was first married July 1, 1848, to Mrs. Catharine DeWolf Dodge, who died November 2, 1853. His second marriage occurred in Clarendon, N. Y., with Mrs. Mary F. Love. They were mutually sep- arated by a decree of divorce granted Feb- ruary 3, 1885. August rrth of the same year Mr. Davis was married to Della E. Markham, of Detroit, Mich., a graduate of the United States Medical College of New ANDREW J. DAVIS. York City, in 1883— from which institu- tion she received the degree of M. D. and doctor of anthropology. 164 DAVIS. Besides his literary labors, he was for years on the lecture platform, from which he was forced to retire, in 1865, on account of a protracted throat trouble. The published works of Mr. Davis, be- sides the one mentioned, are: “The Great Harmonia,” six volumes ; ‘‘ The Physician;” “The Seer ;" ‘The Teacher ;” ‘“ The Re- former;” “Stellar Key;” “ Arabula;” “Tale of a Physician;” “The Forma- tion;” “The Temple;” “Views of our Heavenly Home ;” “ Approaching Crisis ; or, Truth against Theology ;” ‘“‘ Penetralia,” and its sequel, ‘“ Answers to Ever-recurring Questions ;” “History and Philosophy of Evil;” “ Death and the After Life ;” “ Har- monial Man;"’“ Events in the Life of a Seer;” ‘Philosophy of Special Provi- dences ;"’ ‘“‘ Free Thoughts Concerning Re- ligion;” “The Inner Life,” and “The Genesis and Ethics of Conjugal Love.” DAVIS, CHARLES GIDEON, son of William and Joanna (White) Davis, was born in Plymouth, Plymouth county, May 30, 1820. His grandfather was a son of Thomas Davis, who married Catharine Wendell, of Albany, N. Y., of the family from which Wendell Phillips and Oliver Wendell Holmes derived their Christian names. His mother was in the seventh generation from Peregrine White, born in the cabin of the ‘“ Mayflower.” The father of the subject of this sketch died in 1824. His mother was left with five chil- dren, one of whom, Sarah, died in childhood. Hon. William T. Davis is his younger brother. At ten years of age he was sent to a private school in Hingham, thence to the high school in Plymouth, until the spring of 1836, when he was sent to Bridgewater, where he completed his preparation for Harvard College, which he entered that year, and from which he was graduated in the class of 1840, a Phi Beta Kappa. He studied law the first year after gradu- ating in the office of Hon. Jacob H. Loud, Plymouth, one year at the Dane law school, Harvard University, and the third year with Hubbard & Watts, Boston; was ad- mitted to the bar, August term, 1843, in Plymouth. He opened an office in Boston with William H. Whitman, present clerk of courts, Plymouth county, as partner, and was afterwards associated with George P. Sanger and Seth Webb. His law business flourished, and his clientage increased, when, in 1851, he was obliged to abandon his Boston office work on account of bron- chial trouble, and accordingly betook him- self to a farm purchased in the outskirts of DAVIS. his native town, where he engaged in out- of-door work, and attended to nothing pro- fessional, save the trial of causes, for a year. This manner of life he has continued to the present time, doing but little office work. Judge Davis was married in Plymouth, November 19, 1845, to Hannah Stevenson, daughter of Col. John B. and Mary Howland (LeBaron) Thomas. Of this union were four children, two of whom survive: Joanna White Davis, now wife of Richard H. Morgan, of New Bedford, and Charles Stevenson Davis, a lawyer in Plymouth. CHARLES @G. DAVIS. Judge Davis was a strong anti-slavery man, and joined with Gov. John A. Andrew, F. W. Bird and others in a movement against the re-election of Robert C. Winthrop for Congress, in 1846, and offered the resolu- tion in Faneuil Hall which first nominated Charles Sumner for congressional honors. In 1848 he attended the national Whig convention in Philadelphia, which nomi- nated General Taylor for president, and a fortnight after, went to the “ Barn-Burners ” convention in Utica, N. Y., which nomi- nated Martin Van Buren; and, after the nomination of Van Buren and Adams at Buffalo, he devoted himself to organizing the * Free Soilers” of Plymouth county. He thus repudiated, with other leading DAVIS. “Free Soilers,” the national nominations of both parties. In 1851 he was tried before a United States commissioner for assisting in the rescue of Shadrach, claimed as a fugitive slave. His tongue and pen could not be muzzled, however, and he continued to speak and act as conscience dictated with- out regard to party ties. In 1859 he was made an overseer of Harvard College. In 1856 he was one of four from Massachusetts to the convention at Pittsburgh which organized the Repub- lican party. In June of the same year he was delegate to the Philadelphia national convention which nominated Fremont. He was chairman of the Republican state com- mittee during the “ Know Nothing ”’ hurri- cane of 1854 and ’55. He has done much for the advancement of Plymouth, erecting business and resi- dential buildings, and has set out over four hundred elms in town. He was trustee of the Samoset House from 1850; trustee of the Pilgrim Society from 1853 to date ; dele- gate to the Constitutional Convention of that year ; has been president of Plymouth County Agricultural Society twenty years, and member of the board of agriculture twenty-three years ; in 1862 he was mem- ber of the General Court, and House chair- man of committee on agriculture. Upon the incorporation of the Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1862, he was desig- nated by the Legislature as a trustee, and served as such until 1887. He was assessor of internal revenue under President Lin- coln, and held the office until April, 1869. He soon after sailed for Europe with his family, and was absent until August, 1870. In 1872 he attended the mass convention at Cincinnati which nominated Horace Greeley, and has since been allied to the Democratic party; has been a candidate for representative to Congress, and has served as a member of the Democratic state committee, etc. In 1874 he was appointed judge of the third district court of Plymouth county, and still holds the position. DAVIS, HENRY C., son of Benjamin and Cordelia (Buffington) Davis, was born in Palmer, Hampden county, October 22, 1843. He obtained his preparatory education in the public schools, at Wesleyan Acad- emy, Wilbraham, and Williston Seminary, Easthampton. He chose the profession of law, and was graduated from the Harvard law school, 1868. In that same year he opened a law office and began practice at Ware, where he has since remained. DAVIS. 165 Mr. Davis was married in Ware, May 4, 1876, to Jennie A., daughter of Lorenzo and Jane (Marlen) Demond. Of this union were five children: Henry C., John A,, Marion, Mary, and an infant child. Mr. Davis has been a member of the school board twenty years, and was a mem- ber of the House of Representatives in 1874. DAVIS, JAMES FRANCIS, son of Samuel P. and Mary (Withington) Davis, was born in Hinsdale, Cheshire county, N. H., Feb- ruary 3, 1826. His education was limited to the com- mon schools in the town of Templeton, enjoying no other educational advantages, save practical experience in business. He first engaged in the stove and hard- ware business in Barre, in 1856, in which he remained until 1869, when he made a change in his business, and opened an in- surance agency in the same town, where he still resides. In 1860 he was assessor of Barre, and has been chosen to the same office nearly every year since. He was a selectman during the civil war, 1861 to ’65 inclusive. He was for thirteen years president and business manager of the famous Barre Central Cheese Company. He has been justice of the peace ten years ; was a mem- ber of the Legislature in 1887 ; is commis- sioner to qualify civil officers; has been trustee, treasurer, and secretary of Worce- ster County West Agricultural Society ; trustee of Barre Library Association since its organization ; chairman of the Republi- can town committee for past fifteen years, and is treasurer and member of the building committee of Barre Hotel Corporation. DAVIS, ROBERT THOMPSON, son of John and Sarah (Thompson) Davis, was born in county Down, North of Ireland, August 28, 1823, of parentage Presby- terian on the paternal, and Quaker on the maternal side. His parents emigrated to this country and settled in Amesbury, Essex county, when he was three years of age. His early educational training was received in the public schools and academy of Amesbury, and the Friends’ school, Providence, R. I. He was graduated from the medical de- partment of Harvard University in the class of 1847; was fora short time dispen- sary physician in Boston ; practiced medi- cine three years in Waterville, Me., and removed to Fall River in 1850, where he has since resided, except for a short period. 166 DAVOL. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1853; of the state Senate of 18sg and ‘61; of the national Repub- lican conventions of 1860 and 1876; was mayor of Fall River in 1873, being elected without opposition, and declining a re-election; was a member of the state board of charities when organized in 1863; was appointed a member of the state board of health upon its organiza- tion in 1869, and so remained until its con- solidation with the state board of health, lunacy and charity in 1879, when he be- came a member of that board; was elected to the 48th and 49th Congresses, and was re-elected to the 5oth Congress, as a Republican. He has attained to eminence in his pro- fession of medicine ; has been president of the Bristol County South Medical Society; councilor of the Massachusetts Medical Society; member of the American Medical Association, and of the National Public Health Association. In social and commercial circles he has also been prominent. He has been presi- dent from its foundation, of the Commer- cial Club, the leading social organization of Fall River; president of Wampanoag Mills, and director in Stafford, Merchants’, Barnard, and Robeson mills, and holds a one-third interest in the Globe Mills property. Dr. Davis has ever been active in educa- tional matters. Davis school, Fall River, was named in his honor. He has been an intelligent observer, a careful student, and to these factors is joined the endowment of a graceful and eloquent oratory. His power in debate was felt in the last Con- gress, during the long and heated discus- sion on the tariff issues. Dr. Davis was married October 1, 1848, to Sarah, daughter of Dr. Thomas and Ann Wilbur, who died in 1856. In June, 1862, he married Susan Ann, daughter of Moses and Phcebe S. Haight, of New Castle, N. Y. He has one son: Robert C. Davis. DAVOL, WILLIAM C., son of Abner and Mary (Durfee) Davol, was born in Fall River, Bristol county, January 5, 1806. The Davol is one of the old families of Rhode Island and southeastern Massachu- setts, Pardon Davol, the founder of the family, locating in Fall River. Securing what education he could in the common schools of those days, he entered the Troy Mill while yet a mere lad. After becoming acquainted with the various de- partments of mill work, he was made over- DAVOL. seer of the spinning department. At the age of twenty-three he was appointed su- perintendent of the mill, which position he retained until 1841, when he became a member of the firm of Hawes, Marvel & Davol. WILLIAM C. DAVOL. This firm entered upon the business of manufacturing machinery, of which Mr. Davol was the skillful designer and draughtsman. They soon took rank among the foremost of cotton machine manufac- turers in the country. Upon the death of Mr. Hawes, the business was continued by the other members of the firm, under the name of Marvel & Davol, until the financial crash of 1878—’9. The importance of Mr. Davol’s labors in the development of the cotton industry can hardly be over- estimated. It was very largely through his mechanical genius that the manufac- turers of Fall River were enabled to enjoy the advantages of the most improved ma- chinery, and thereby to compete so success- fully in the products of their factories. To Mr. Davol is due the successful introduction into this country of the cele- brated English patent called the Sharp & Roberts self-acting mule, a great labor- saving machine. Accompanying Major Bradford Durfee to England in 1838, he made a study of this invention, and became DAWES. e thoroughly familiar with its working. Two years later one of these machines was smug- gled out of England and delivered in Fall River, cut up into small pieces. Mr. Davol re-adjusted the parts and set up the ma- chine a complete and perfect whole. He also made most valuable improvements upon the original. This is but one of many improvements in this special line of inventions made by Mr. Davol, from which New England has been the recipient of untold benefits. He fitted up the Metacomet Mill with its com- plement of machinery, at the time of its erection in 1847. This was acknowledged the model mill of the country. The results of Mr. Davol’s skill and ability extended beyond any narrow limits. He was often called into different parts of New England to solve mechanical problems connected with cotton manufacturing. By nature, training, and practical experience, he was a studious, industrious, and clear-headed mechanic. As a business man, his record is without a stain, and whether in prosperity or ad- versity, he has ever been upright, conscien- tious, honorable. The Davol Mills, built in 1867, were named in his honor, and of them he was president. Although he lost his property by endorsing for others, who failed in 1878-79, these reverses left him as they found him, kindly and charitably disposed as ever. Mr, Davol was married October 30, 1828, to Martha R., daughter of Gilbert and Mary (Slocum) Taber. Of this union were four children, of whom only William C. Davol, Jr., is living, an active and re- spected business man of Fall River, who inherits to some extent the mechanical talent of his father. DAWES, HENRY LAURENS, son of Mitchell and Mercy (Burgess) Dawes, was born in Cummington, Hampshire county, October 30, 1816. Passing through the common and pre- paratory schools, he entered Yale College, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1839. In 1840 and ’41 he was engaged in teaching. He subsequently edited the “Greenfield Gazette’ and was afterwards managing editor of the ‘Adams Tran- script.” He then studied law in the office of Wells & Davis at Greenfield, and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1842, He immediately entered upon the practice of his profession in North Adams. In 1864 he removed to Pittsfield, which place he has ever since made his legal residence. DAWES. 167 His power and ability soon attracted th attention of his fellow-townsmen, and he was sent to represent them in the General Court, serving as a member of the House of Representatives in 1848, ’49 and ’s2, and as member of the Senate in18s50. He was a member of the state Constitutional Convention in 1853; was district attorney for the western district from 1853 until 573; was elected a Republican represen- tative in the 35th, 36th, 37th, 38th, 39th, goth, 41st, 42d, and 43d Congresses, being chairman of the committee of ways and means, and leader of the House in the two last Congresses. He declined being a can- didate for election to the 44th Congress, and was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican, to succeed Charles Sumner (whose unexpired term had been filled by William B. Washburn). He took his seat March 4, 1875, and was re-elected in 1881, and again in 1887. His term of service will expire March 3, 1893. Wil- liams College conferred upon him the de- gree of LL, D, in 1869. HENRY L. DAWES. Mr. Dawes was married in Ashfield, May 1, 1844, to Electa A., daughter of Chester and Anna (Allis) Sanderson. Of this union there are three children living: Anna Laurens, Chester Mitchell, and Henry Laurens Dawes, Jr. 168 DEAN. The career of the senior senator of Mas- sachusetts cannot adequately be described within the limits imposed in this sketch. He has been long and honorably identified with the growth of the State, has held a high and responsible position in the national administration of the government ; has enjoyed confidential relations with the leaders of his own and rival parties; has been the personal friend of every occupant of the executive mansion during his ex- tended residence at the capital; has per- formed patriotic and efficient service as one of the leaders of the House during the critical period of the war; and through all his varied career has so lived in public and private life that not a stain has come upon the escutcheon of the State which has so often honored, and been in turn honored by this her illustrious son. DEAN, BENJAMIN, son of Benjamin and Alice Dean, was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire, England, August 14, 1824. He was one of a family of ten children, five boys and five girls, all of whom lived to pass the meridian of life. The subject of this sketch, when five years of age, came to this country with his parents, who settled in Lowell, Mass. There he received his early education, graduating from the Lowell high school in 1840. He then entered Dartmouth Col- lege, remaining through the freshman year. He began the study of law with Judge Thomas Hopkinson of Lowell, and in 1845 was admitted to the bar, and began practice in Lowell, where he remained until 1852. He then removed to Boston and became a partner of Henry W. Fuller. Mr. Fuller dying soon after the partnership, the busi- ness fell to Mr. Dean, who carried it on alone. In 1862 and ’63, and again in 1869, Mr. Dean was member of the state Senate. He served on the committee of probate and chancery, was chairman of the joint committee on prisons, and of the joint special committee on the serving of processes on volunteers, of that on the eligibility of members of Congress, and of that on proceedings for the restraint of the insane. In 1869, when Francis A. Dewey was elevated to the judiciary of the superior court, Mr. Dean, although a Democrat, was made chairman of the committee on the judiciary. He was also chairman of the joint standing committee on the library, and a member of the special committee on the license law. He was member of the common council of Boston in 1865, '66, ’72 and '73, where DEAN. he continuously held the chairmanship of committee on ordinances. Mr. Dean served his congressional dis- trict (the 3d Massachusetts) in the 45th Congress. His seat was contested, but he was declared elected. Since 1854 Mr. Dean has been a very prominent member and officer in the order of Free Masonry. He is deputy for the State of Massachusetts, of the Supreme Council of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States. Of the Grand Commandery for the states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, he was grand commander from 1871 BENJAMIN DEAN. to 73, and from 1880 to ’83 he was grand master of the Grand Encampment of the Knights Templar of the United States of America. He has been one of the directors for the public institutions of Boston, a trustee of the South Boston Savings Bank, and a director of the South Boston R. R. Cor- poration. He is president of the South Boston Gas Company, and chairman of the board of park commissioners of Boston. Mr. Dean is an expert yachtsman, and was for several years commodore of the Boston Yacht Club. He married, in Lowell, in 1848, Mary A., daughter of J. B. French. The children DEAN. of this union were six, five of whom are living: Benjamin Wheelock, Walter Lof- tus, Josiah Stevens, Clitheroe (now Mrs. C. L. James) and Mary (Mrs. Walter Tufts). DEAN, GEORGE ASA, son of Asa and Lucy Dean, was born in Attleborough, Bristol county, May 2, 1835. His education was obtained in the com- mon schools of those days. His first con- nection in business was made January 1, 1857, with A. M. Everett, S. L. Morse, B. B. Day, E. 5. Capron and R. Bliss, under the firm name of Everett, Dean & Co., manufacturing jewelers. In 1868 the firm name was changed to Day, Bliss & Dean, in 1871 to Bliss & Dean, and in 1884 to G. A. Dean & Co. Mr. Dean was married April 15, 1857, to Bessie B., daughter of French and Nancy Richardson, of Attleborough. He represented his district in the Gen- eral Court in 1877. Mr. Dean is director in the First National Bank of Attleborough, vice-president of the Attleborough Savings Bank, director in the Attleborough Loan and Savings Asso- ciation, director and treasurer in the Attle- borough Gas Light Company, and water commissioner of the Attleborough fire district. DEAN, JOHN WARD, son of Charles and Patience Tappan (Kingsbury) Dean, was born in Wiscasset, Lincoln county, Maine, March 13, 1815. He attended the public schools in Mt. Vernon, Me., and finished his school education in the Port- land high school, of which the Rev. Thomas Teénny was principal. In 1841 he engaged in the book-binding business in Providence, R. 1., under the firm name of Dean & Burgess. In 1843 he removed to Boston, and entered into partnership with his brother Jeremiah, un- der the firm name of Dean & Co. From 1848 to 1859, he carried on the business alone. From 1859 to 1861, with William Hill, firm of Dean & Hill; from 1861 to 1872 again with his brother, as Dean & Co. Mr. Dean was married in Boston, June 29, 1853, to Lydia, daughter of John S. and Abigail (Dean) Emerson. They have no children. Mr. Dean was recording secretary of the American Statistical Association from 1860 to 1872; corresponding secretary of the Prince Society, 1858 to 63; vice-president of the same, 1863 to’7o0; president from 1870 to ’80; and vice-president from 1880 to present time ; treasurer of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1855 to ’57 ; DEAN, 169 recording secretary of same, 1857 and ’58 ; corresponding secretary, 1859 to 62; and librarian, 1872 to the present time. He was justice of the peace for the county of Mid- dlesex, 1870 to ’77. He is now editor of the “Register”? and the publications of the New England Historic Genealogical society, with his residence in the town of Medford. Mr. Dean’s published works are numer- ous, and are critically edited. Among the principal are a memoir of the Rev. Nathan- iel Ward, A. M. (1868), and a memoir of Michael Wigglesworth, author of “ The Day of Doom” (1871). He has prepared, and seen through the press, seventeen pamphlets of sketches, memorial and his- torical, also six volumes of historical mat- ter, edited by himself. To these should be added many pamphlets of valuable gen- ealogical compilation. DEAN, ROBERT STROBRIDGE, son of Robert and Susan E. L. (Padelford) Dean, was born in Taunton, Bristol county, Feb- ruary 6, 1805. He isa lineal descendant in the seventh generation from Deacon Walter Deane, one of the first settlers of Taunton in 1639. ROBERT S. DEAN. Mr. Dean received his early education in the district schools of those days, and in Bristol Academy. 170 DELANO. At the age of sixteen, he entered business life as clerk in the house of Field, Fobes & Co., Philadelphia. His father’s death, May 24, 1822, required his return home to assist in settling the large estate. In 1824 he succeeded his father in the manufactur- ing business, at the Dean Cotton Mills, East Taunton, and held the position, as agent, twelve years. management of the “Brick Mill” in con- nection with Crocker & Richmond. Was assignee with Governor Morton of Taun- ton Iron Company; was of the firm of Dean & Morse, manufacturers of machin- ery, a few years, and treasurer of the Dean Cotton & Machine Company twenty-five years. The profits in the first twenty years were five times the amount of capital. He was also treasurer of Taunton Locomotive Company a short time. He retired from business in 1873, with an ample competency, after a successful manufacturing and mer- cantile life of nearly fifty years. Mr. Dean was married in Taunton, Sep- tember 9, 1832, to Mary C., daughter of William Hodges. Mrs. Dean died in 1886, leaving no children. DELANO, GEORGE, son of James and Dorothy (Wing) Delano, was born in Roch- ester, Plymouth county, May 13, 1821, and received his education in its common schools from the age of ten to fourteen years. On leaving school he became clerk in the store of Luce & Delano, in the part of Rochester now Marion, and at the end of six years took the business of his employers and carried it on in connection with ship- building until 1849-’50, when he failed, and effected a compromise with his cred- itors. After a year spent in Virginia, “ prospect- ing,” he entered the employ of the Bigelow Carpet Company, at Clinton, as clerk and paymaster, until July, 1855, and in the fol- lowing month came to New Bedford and took the entire charge of the extensive oil manufacturing business of his brother-in- law, the late Charles H. Leonard, then re- siding in New York City. This responsible position he filled until Mr. Leonard’s death in 1868, when, in company with F. L. B. Mayhew and James A. Fussell, he contin- ued the business. On assuming control, Mr. Delano made many improvements fa- cilitating the manufacture and increasing the product — notably the introduction of steam in the processes of production. The reputation of the old firm was thoroughly maintained, and Mr. Delano came to be the acknowledged head of the oil manufac- He then held the- DELANO. turers of the State in exact, thorough, and scientific knowledge of all the processes in the production of oils. In 1877 Stephen C. L. Delano, a son of the senior partner, was admitted to the firm, and in 1883 Messrs. George Delano, Mayhew and Fussell retired, when Mr. Dela- no’s sons, James and Stephen, having in their employ their youngest brother, Charles H. Leonard Delano, took entire charge and control of the business, under the firm name of George Delano’s Sons. Mr. Delano was married November 20, 1845, in Rochester, to Abigail, daughter of George and Cynthia (Washburn) Leonard, GEORGE DELANO. of that town, and his children are the threc sons previously named. In retiring from active business he dis- missed its cares and anxieties, and sought the rest which his health demanded. Long a sufferer from sciatica, he finds partial re- lief in his delightful home in Rochester, at his sea-side residence in Marion, and in winter excursions to the South. Of ample leisure, he yet has no idle hours; and though having no particular vocation, he is never without congenial employment, in the care and improvement of his real estate in Rochester and Marion, and in the dis- charge of his duties as a public-spirited citizen. DEVENS. Mr. Delano has never held any political office, but, warmly interested in politics from his boyhood, he has served his party as committee-man and delegate to state and national conventions, and was once a candidate for presidential elector. A born Democrat, he has continued to be one from thorough conviction. Mr, Delano has neither sought nor gained prominence, save in his business career, which has been eminently successful. He is better satished with the respect of his party and the warm personal friendship of all who know him, of whatever political creed, than with any honor or emoluments of office. DEVENS, CHARLES, son of Charles and Mary (Lithgow) Devens, was born in Charlestown, Middlesex county, April 4, 1820. His father was the grandson of Richard Devens, a revolutionary patriot of great local prominence. His mother was the daughter of Col. Arthur Lithgow, of Augusta, Maine. Charles Devens was graduated at Har- vard in the class of 1838. Choosing the profession of the law, he pursued his studies in the Harvard law school, and afterward with Hubbard & Watts, of Bos- ton. He was admitted to the bar in 184r. From that year to 1849 he resided first in Northfield and later it Greenfield. In 1848 and ’49 he served as member of the state Senate. From 1849 to ’53 he was United States marshal for the district of Massachusetts. In 1854 he returned to the practice of law, and settled in the city of Worcester, where he still resides. On the roth of April, 1861, Mr. Devens was unanimously elected major of the 3d battalion rifles—three full companies. With this force, Major Devens at once pro- ceeded to Annapolis, Md., and thence to Fort McHenry, remaining in command un- til nearly the close of its three months’ term of service. On the 26th of July he was duly qualified as colonel of the 15th regiment Massachusetts volunteers. With this he proceeded to Washington, arriving there the roth of August. Col. Devens received marching orders on the 25th, and in two days the regiment pitched their tents at Poolesville, Md., under command of General C. P. Stone, in charge of the corps of observation. They were assigned to guard duty on the Potomac. At the battle of Ball's Bluff Col. Devens won the respect and esteem of the com- mander-in-chief and his brother officers. He received his commission of brigadier- general during the siege of Yorktown, and bade adieu to his regiment, and assumed DEVENS. I71 command of a brigade in Couch’s division, Keyes’s 4th army corps. May 31st, in the battle of Fair Oaks, General Devens was wounded, but would not quit the field until night brought a temporary cessation CHARLES DEVENS. of hostilities. He was absent from his command but five weeks, during which time he addressed a war meeting in Faneuil Hall, Boston. He resumed his command at Harrison’s Landing, the roth of July. At the battle of Antietam his horse was shot under him. For his gallant conduct while command- ing a brigade at Fredericksburg, he was highly complimented by the general com- manding his division. At Chancellorsville he was seriously wounded while command- ing the ist division, 11th army corps. In the spring of 1864, he was assigned to the 18th army corps, at the special request of General W. F. Smith, who commanded, and under whom, as a division commander in the corps, he took part in the battle of Cold Harbor. In April, 1865, at the request of General Grant, General Devens was commissioned major-general by brevet, for gallantry and good conduct at the capture of Richmond. At his own repeated re- quest, he was mustered out of service, at Washington, June, 1866, after five years and three months’ military service. The 172 DEWEY. members of the United States Senate and House of Representatives from Massa- chusetts united in signing a recommenda- tion that he should be retained in the re-organization of the regular army, and though the compliment was a very high one, it was not presented, as General Devens wished to resume the practice of his profession. He was chosen by the G. A. R. as its national commander, to succeed General Burnside. He has served as commander of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of Massachusetts, as well as of the military societies of the army of the Potomac and of the James, and of the 6th army corps. General Devens was appointed by Governor Bullock, in 1867, one of the judges of the superior court of Massachusetts, and in 1873, by Governor Washburn, one of the judges of the supreme court. March 1o, 1877, he was appointed attor- ney-general of the United States in the cabinet of President Hayes, and on his return to Massachusetts, was re-appointed by Governor Long to the supreme judi- cial bench, which position he still holds. General Devens is unmarried. DEWEY, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, son of Charles Augustus and Caroline (Clinton) Dewey, was born December 29, 1830, at Northampton, Hampshire county. For three years he was a student at Williston Seminary, Easthampton, entered Williams College in 1847, and was graduated in 1851. -\fter studying law one year at Worcester in the office of his brother, Hon. Francis H. Dewey, he continued one year each at the Cambridge law school and in New York. He was then admitted to the New York bar in 1854, where he remained for two years, the latter part of the time asa member of the law firm of Mead, Taft & Dewey. He practiced law two years as partner with General James K. Mills, at Davenport, Iowa, and in 1859 united in partnership with the Hon. Hamilton B. Staples, in Milford. Mr. Dewey was married in Milford, March 12, 1867, to Marietta N., daughter of Alexander W. and Marietta (Duston) Thayer. Of this union is one child: Maria Thayer Dewey. Following in the line of his father and grandfather, who had been judges of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts, Mr. Dewey was appointed trial justice in 1861, and in 1864 judge of the police court of Milford, holding the office until 1872, when he was appointed judge of the third DEWEY, district court of southern Worcester, and has continued in that office ever since. Mr. Dewey has served as a member of the school committee for nearly seven years, and for many years as trustee of the town library, being now chairman of the board. DEWEY, HENRY SWEETSER, son of Israel Otis and Susan Augusta (Sweetser) Dewey, was born in Hanover, Grafton county, N. H., November 9, 1856. His father was the son of Israel Dewey of Ber- lin, Vt., and his mother was the daughter of General Henry Sweetser of Concord, N. H. HENRY S. DEWEY. His father was a merchant in Hanover, N. H., until 1864, when he was appointed additional paymaster of volunteers ; honor- ably mustered out in December, 1865; was appointed paymaster in the regular army in 1867, and served as such till March, 1888, when he was placed on the retired list; he died in Boston in May, 1888. Mr. Dewey’s boyhood and youth were passed in various places in which his father was stationed, principally in the South and West, and he attended schools first in Hanover and later in other places. He fitted for college in Salt Lake City, and was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1878 with the degree of A. B. He DEWEY. received his A. M. in 1881. In college he was a member of the Alpha Delta Phi Society. Soon after graduation he was appointed paymaster’s clerk, United States army, and while serving in this office came to Boston in August, 1878, where he has since resided. In 1880 he resigned his position as pay- master’s clerk, studied law in the Boston University law school and in the office of Hon. A. A. Ranney, and received his degree of LL. B. from the law school, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in June, 1882. Since that time he has been engaged in practice of law in Boston. He was a member of the 1st corps of cadets, Massachusetts volunteer militia, as private, corporal, and sergeant, respectively, from June 11, 1880, to February 26, 1889, when he was commissioned judge-advocate on the staff of the rst brigade, Massachu- setts volunteer militia, with rank of captain, which position he still holds. Heisamem- ber of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, U.S. He has been justice of the peace and notary public since 1882; is a member of the Curtis Club of Boston, also of the Rox- bury Club; was a member of the Republi- can ward and city committee of Boston, from 1884 to 88; was a member of the Boston common council in 1885, ’86 and ’87; in 1889 he served as_ representative from the 21st Suffolk district in the Legis- lature, and was a member of the judiciary committee. Mr. Dewey is unmarried. DEWEY, JUSTIN, son of Justin and Melinda (Kelsey) Dewey, was born in Al- ford, Berkshire county, June 12, 1836. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public schools. Preparing for college matriculation in Great Barring- ton, he entered Williams College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1858, Choosing the profession of law, he pur- sued his legal reading at the office of In- crease Sumner in Great Barrington, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1860, and began practice of law at Great Barrington. His legal attainments won for him success, and he was soon called to serve the Commonwealth in an official ca- pacity. In 1862 he was a member of the House of Representatives, and was again called to the same branch of the Legislature in 1877. In 1879 he was a member of the state Senate, serving on the Senate com- DEXTER. 173 mittee on probate and chancery, and on the joint special committee on retrench- ment that year. Mr. Dewey was appointed judge of the superior court of Massachusetts in 1886, by Governor Robinson. He was married in Great Barrington, February 8, 1865, to Jane, daughter of George and Clara (Wadhams) Stanley. Of this union were three children: Mary, Sarah 8., and Margaret Dewey. His residence is in Springfield. DEXTER, SOLOMON KING, son of Parker and Betsey (King) Dexter, was born May 23, 1839, at West ‘Topsham, Orange county, Vermont. His early education was obtained at the common schools of his native town, where he remained, working on the farm, until he became of age. At his majority, Mr. Dexter left his home and made his first venture in business, clerking in a market in Lowell, in 1860. In 1862 he went into the provision busi- ness under the firm name of Ladd & Dexter. There he remained until after the break- ing out of the civil war, when he engaged SOLOMON K. DEXTER. in the sutler’s business, supplying the stores needed for the troops at the front. In 1864 he became cashier of the Bullion Bank, Washington, D.C. A year later he 174 DICKINSON. removed to Wait’s River, Vermont, and opened a general store. After remaining there three years, he returned to Lowell and engaged successively in the provision and grocery business, and in 1873 he started the business which he is at present successfully carrying on, that of wholesale and commission dealer in flour and country produce. Mr. Dexter was married in Montpelier, Vt., February 24, 1863, to Mary S., daugh- ter of Robert and Mary (Burgin) McCrillis. They have had four children: Nellie May (now Mrs. F. L. Batchelder, Manchester, N. H.), Daisy B., Royal King, and Jennie Dexter,— the latter deceased. Mr. Dexter’s religious affiliations are with the Baptist church, he being a member of the finance committee of the Freewill Baptist church. He has long been a jus- tice of the peace, a member of the High- land Lodge, I. O. O. F., the Improved Order of Red Men, the Lowell Rod and Gun Club, and of the Lowell Co-operative Association. He is a member of the Low- ell board of trade, and also of the Vermont board of trade. Mr. Dexter’s interest in politics has led him to accept a few of the many honors offered to him. He served as a member of the Lowell common council in 1883 and ’84. His fellow-citizens recognized his ability and conservative judgment, and prevailed upon him to represent them in the lower branch of the state Legislature in 1886. He served to great acceptance, and was re-elected the following year, serving on the committee on finance, and on the library. Mr. Dexter is fairly the architect of his own fortune, having nothing when he left the old farm-house but a stout heart, strong and willing hands, and an earnest convic- tion that the world owed him a living. The debt has been faithfully paid, and to- day he stands honorably high among the best known merchants of the city of Lowell. DICKINSON, JOHN WOODBRIDGE, passed his early years in South Williams- town, Mass. He was the youngest but one of a family of nine children. His father, William Dickinson, was a native of Hadley, and a direct descendant of Nathan- iel Dickinson, one of the first settlers of that town. His mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Worthington. She was a woman of fine character, and gave to her children a good example of a noble life. Mr. Dickinson obtained the rudiments of learning in the public schools of Williams- town, At the age of nine years he was DICKINSON. put to work on. the farm during the sum- mer months, attending school for a few weeks only during the winter. Having a strong desire for a liberal edu- cation, he passed through his preparatory course of studies at Greylock Institute, South Williamstown, and at Williston Sem- inary, Easthampton, and entered the fresh- man class at Williams College in the au- tumn of 1848. He graduated from that institution in 1852, with the classical hon- ors of his class. In September of that year he received the appointment of assistant teacher in the state normal school at Westfield, Mass. After serving as first assistant teacher in the school for four years, he was appointed its principal in July, 1856. For twenty- one years he performed the duties of his office with marked ability and success, pre- paring for the service of the State a large number of teachers, well trained in the philosophy and art of teaching, and gain- ing for the Westfield normal school a national reputation. Mr. Dickinson early became a diligent and successful student of pedagogical science. He was among the first to intro- duce those reforms in methods of teach- ing which have since been working their way into the best schools of the country. He trained his classes in the use of the analytic objective method of study and teaching, in presenting to their own minds or to the minds of others any branch of learning, whether subject or object. In 1877, on the resignation of the Hon. Joseph White, Mr. Dickinson was called from the normal school at Westfield to the office of secretary of the Massachusetts board of education. His experience as teacher in the normal school had fitted him to perform the duties of his new office. During his term of service the cause of popular education has made great pro- gress in the Commonwealth. The normal schools have grown strong in public favor; the teachers’ institutes have been made to contribute more directly to an improve- ment in methods in teaching; the final abolition of the school district system has been accomplished; the children of the Commonwealth have been provided with free text-books; the small towns of the State have been aided in supplying them- selves with well-trained school superintend- ents, and the great ends to be secured by school life have come to be better under- stood. ; Mr. Dickinson has published twelve an- nual reports, which hold a high rank DICKINSON. among educational reports, on account of their pedagogical value. He has exerted a large influence upon the teachers of the country through his public addresses be- fore educational associations, and through his management as principal and instructor of the pedagogical department of the Chau- tauqua University. Mr. Dickinson was married in Westfield, in March, 1856, to Arexine G., daugh- ter of David and Mary (Bacon) Parsons, North Yarmouth, Maine. Miss Parsons was a graduate of Bradford Female Semi- nary, and a successful teacher. Two chil- dren were added to the family, a son, John Worthington, and a daughter, Susan Allen. The former is a graduate of Harvard Col- lege, and a successful manufacturer. The latter is the companion of her mother in their family home, Newtonville, in the city of Newton. Mr. Dickinson, now in the prime of life, is laboring with great devotion to promote the interests of popular education, and to keep the public schools of Massachusetts in the front rank of excellence. DICKINSON, MARQUIS FAYETTE, JR., eldest son of Marquis F. and Hannah (Wil- liams) Dickinson, was born in Amherst, Hampshire county, January 16, 1840. He received his early education at the common schools of his native town, Am- herst and Monson academies, and Williston Seminary, Easthampton, from which he graduated in the class of 1858. He entered Amherst College in the same year, gradu- ating therefrom in 1862, having one of the three highest of the commencement ap- pointments. After teaching classics in Williston Semi- nary for three years, 1862—'65, he studied law with Wells & Soule, Springfield, at the Harvard law school, 1866-’67, and with Hon. George S. Hillard, of Boston. He was assistant United States attorney from 1869 to’71. He then became a member of the law firm of Hillard, Hyde & Dickin- son, the style subsequently changing to the present well-known firm of Hyde, Dickin- son & Howe. Mr. Dickinson was married at Easthamp- ton, November 23, 1864, to Cecilia R., adopted daughter of Samuel and Emily (Graves) Williston. Of his three children only one is living, Charles,—Williston and Florence having deceased. He has an adopted daughter, Jennie Couden Dickin- son, daughter of his deceased sister. Mr. Dickinson was a member of the com- mon council, Boston, in 1871 and ’72, hold- ing the office of president of that body DITSON. 175 during the latter year. He was a trustee of the Boston public library in 1871; has been a trustee of Williston Seminary since 1872, and one of the overseers of the charity fund of Amherst College since 1877. MARQUIS F. DICKINSON. He was a lecturer on law as applied to rural affairs in the Massachusetts Agricul- tural College, 1871-77, and author of “Legislation on the Hours of Labor” (1871) and “ Amherst Centennial Address ”’ tee), DITSON, OLIVER, son of Joseph and Lucy (Pierce) Ditson, was born in Boston, October 20, 1811, nearly opposite the resi- dence of Paul Revere. He died December 21, 1888, in the city of his birth, being buried from Trinity church, the Rev. Phillips Brooks officiating. His parents were of Scotch extraction, their ancestors, soon after the landing of the Pilgrims, having been driven from Scotland by religious persecution. His father was one of a firm of ship owners, and the son knew no hardship till the failure of his father’s firm. Graduat- ing with a good record from the North End public school, he found employment in Parker’s book and music store. Later on he left this place for a time to learn the printer’s trade. This he did with Isaac Butts and afterward with Alfred Mudge. 176 DITSON. At this time he was the main support of his father and mother. His varied abilities and tenacious attention to business made him indispensable to Colonel Parker, with whom he had resumed work in the old place. Later on he took a single counter in the famous * old corner bookstore.” Here was formed the firm of Parker & Ditson, when he was only twenty-one years old. He put his whole force into the business and changed it into a music store. In 1840 he purchased Colonel Parker's interest, and under the name of Oliver Ditson, without the aid of capital or influential friends, the career of this remarkable publisher may be said to have been fairly and successfully launched. In the meantime he had become an organist, a singer, and an accomplished writer of notes and letters which had a special reputation for their lively tone and brilliancy. He was nowa polished gentle- man, the delight of his numerous friends, and everywhere welcomed for his kindly manner. In 1840 he was married to Catherine, the daughter of Benjamin Delano, a OLIVER DITSON. prominent ship owner. She was a lineal descendant of William Bradford, the second governor of the colony of Plymouth. Five children blessed this union: Mrs, DIXEY. Burr Porter, Charles H., James Edward (deceased), Frank Oliver (deceased), and a daughter who died in infancy. The business of this phenomenal pub- lisher went on increasing in volume until he had an annual business of two million dollars. He was a long time the president of the board of music trade, of which he was the founder. No other man in the trade was so widely known or so univer- sally respected. He expended large sums in supporting such artists as gave promise of special distinction. Mr. Ditson was one who rallied to the support of the Peace Jubilee and made it a brilliant success. He subscribed and paid twenty-five thousand dollars for the Jubilee of 1872, which gave to music in New England a forward impulse it has never lost. He was a life-long patron of the Handel and Haydn Society, and was never absent from its concerts. He was an able financier; twenty-one years presi- dent of the Continental National Bank of Boston; many years trustee of the Frank- lin Savings Bank, which he originated and managed; also a trustee of the Boston Safe Deposit Company; one of the founders of the Old Men’s Home, Boston; an active supporter of the New England Conserva- tory of Music; trustee of the Mechanic Association ; member of the Boston Me- morial Association, and a director of the Bunker Hill Monument Association. Politically he was a Whig, until the form- ation of the Republican party, after which he acted with that organization. His re- ligious training was with the Baptist denom- ination, but in later years he allied himself with the Unitarians. His whole life was characterized by much breadth in religious matters and liberality toward all denomi- nations. In his long career he had estab- lished a number of branch houses, and placed many a young man of ability where he could win success. Of these are notably conspicuous, the Boston branch house of J.C. Haynes & Co., the Cincinnati house (John Church); the New York house Charles H. Ditson); the Philadelphia house tf E, Ditson), and the Chicago house of Lyon & Healy. DIXEY, HENRY E., was born in Bos- ton, January 6, 1859. While extremely young, his natural aptitude for mimicry led his footsteps by instinct to the door of the stage, and as an exponent of children’s parts he became the enyy of his youthful associates, While still a mere boy, he at- tached himself to the regular stock com- pany of the Howard Atheneum, and DIXEY. played everything he could lay hands upon, from a set tree to the hose at fire-drill. His first marked success was made as “ Peanuts” in the old-time favorite melo- HENRY E. DIXEY. drama “Under the Gaslight,’ and his ability in the way of quaint humor was at once acknowledged. In his leisure hours Mr. Dixey had sedulously cultivated a natural gift of dancing, and tiring of the monotony of a stock company, he determined upon a change. It was at this time that he first came under the observation of Edward E. Rice, who at once recognized the talent of the young man, and determined to give him every opportunity of gaining a wide- spread celebrity. His first appearance under Mr. Rice’s management was made at the Globe ‘Theatre, Boston, on June 7, 1875, when he appeared in “Evangeline” as one of the two sailors who subsequently illustrate the saltatorial eccentricities of the famous “Heifer” in that extravaganza His suc- cess in this r6le was marked, so much so that he was advanced by rapid strides, until he was entrusted with the principal role of the piece, in which he gave un- bounded satisfaction. From that time until now he has remained under Mr. Rice’s management, with the DODGE. 177 exception of two years only. During all these years the parts assumed by Mr. Dixey have been varied, but his success has been continuous. He has appeared successively in the following plays : “Cor- sair,” ‘“ Hiawatha," * Horrors,” “ Robinson Crusoe,” ‘* Babes in the Wood,” “ Revels,” “Cinderella at School,” “The Mascot,” “Billee Taylor,” “ Patience,” “ Pinafore,” “The New Evangeline,” “The Romany Rye,” “Tolanthe,” “ Pounce & Co.,” “The Sorcerer,” “The Merry Duchess,” “The Duke’s Motto,” “Lieutenant Helene,” ‘Distinguished Foreigners,” “Confusion,” and “ Adonis.” In his recent triumph, as the chaste statue, the graceful gallant, the moody Dane, the independent barber, and a host of other characters in which he pervades “ Adonis,” he has made the part unapproachable. His production for the season of 1889 and ’go is “ The Seven Ages,” a combina- tion of burlesque and character drama. His versatility is remarkable, and his career promises to be notable in the annals of the American stage. DODGE, NATHAN DANE, son of Nathan Dane and Sarah (Shepard) Dodge, was born in Ipswich, Essex county, April 21, 1840. His early education was obtained in the district school under many difficulties. Inspired, however, with an earnest desire for intellectual growth, he acquired suffi- cient knowledge to qualify him, at the age of nineteen, to teach school at Ipswich. Continued trouble with his eyes, however, forced him reluctantly to give up the idea of teaching. At his majority he went to Troy, N. Y., and served as clerk for his brother in a small shoe store. Subsequently he opened a shoe store on his own account in Troy, then went to New York for a few months, selling shoes on the road. January, 1866, he organized with his brother, in the city of Lynn, the firm of N. D. & E. P. Dodge, for the manufacture of boots and shoes, afterwards removing to Newbury- port, where he has since remained alone, under the firm name of Nathan D. Dodge, manufacturing fine shoes and slippers. In 1877 he opened a wholesale store in New York City, which is continued as an outlet for the great variety of styles which the firm now make. Mr. Dodge was married in Troy, N. Y., April 25, 1865, to Matilda Valentine Hins- dale. Their children are: Nathan Dane, Jr., born June 15, 1866; Adelaide Pearle, born January 2, 1881, and William Garnet Dodge, born August 14, 1882. 178 DODGE. Mr. Dodge was alderman of the city of Newburyport in 1880 ; was elected director of the First National Bank some ten years ago, which position he holds at the present time; is also a trustee of the Newburyport Five Cents Savings Bank. The early family training of Mr. Dodge, under the influence of a sainted mother, led him early to seek church relations. He joined the church and choir at the age of seventeen, and has contributed to church service ever since. He has been a Sunday- school scholar or teacher nearly all of his life, and is now superintendent of the White- field Sunday-school. He was a member of NATHAN D. DODGE. the Young Men's Christian Association in Troy, N. Y., where he resided a few years. He was one of the founders of the New- buryport Association some fifteen years ago ; was elected its first president, serving as such for several years, and is at present a member of the board of directors. DODGE, SIMEON, JR., son of Simeon and Betsey (Goodwin) Dodge, was born in Marblehead, Essex county, February 23, 1840. He obtained his early education in the public schools of his native place. He began business as a grocer’s clerk. Later on he worked at shoemaking. His present vocation is that of farmer, DODGE. Mr. Dodge was married in Marblehead, June 5, 1860, to Betsey, daughter of Wil- liam and Betsey (Goss) Gilley. Of this union are four children: Albert W., Re- becca F., Charles E., and Emma 5. Dodge. Mr. Dodge is president of the Wenham Mutual Benefit Association ; commander of the Wenham Veteran Association, and chair- man of the Republican town committee. He is chief engineer of the fire department. He was representative to the Legislature from the gth Essex district, in 1889, serv- ing on the committee on manufactures. He enlisted as private in company C, 8th regiment, Massachusetts volunteer militia, in the war of the rebellion, and fought in the service of his country. DODGE, THEODORE AYRAULT, was born in Pittsfield, Berkshire county, in 1842, of old New England stock. His grandfather was pastor of First Church in Haverhill ; his maternal great-grandfather was General Seth Pomeroy of Bunker Hill memory, and his middle name comes from Dr. Pierre Ayrault, who migrated with the first Huguenot colony, as its physician, to Newport. Col. Dodge was educated abroad. He is a graduate of the London University, attended lectures at Heidelberg, and re- ceived a four years’ military training under General von Frohreich of the Prussian army in Berlin. What he there learned stood him in good stead when, in 1861, he caught the patriotic fever and returned home to enlist. His field service of two years under Kearney and Howard, in the army of the Potomac, was terminated at Gettysburg by the loss of aleg, he having been several times previously wounded. On recovery, he was ordered to duty in the war department, as chief of the bureau of enrollment. Here he served for a number of years, and to retain his services, Secre- tary Stanton offered him a commission in the regular army. At the time Mr. Stan- ton declined to vield up possession of the war office to President Johnson, Colonel Dodge “held the fort,” under the self- willed, but in this instance orthodox, sec- retary. Colonel Dodge has four brevets for gal- lant conduct — two volunteer, two regular. Under the act of Congress by which all wounded officers were taken from active service, Col. Dodge was placed on the re- tired list of the army, where he still holds his commission. He has since resided in his native State. He has been connected with successful business enterprises in Boston, but enjoys DOHERTY. best out-of-door pleasures and the use of his pen. He isa well-known horseman, He has been constantly in the saddle for nearly forty years, and is considered an authority in the art. Few men have rid- den so much. He estimates that he has covered over one hundred thousand miles. He has published three military books, and a book on horsemanship, which have been highly and universally commended by the press at home and abroad. He con- tributes largely to periodical literature. He has delivered a number of military lec- tures at the Lowell Institute, Harvard Col- lege, and elsewhere, and for some years has been engaged on a history of the art of war, covering a series of volumes, of which two, bringing the subject down to the end of Hannibal’s career, are now in the press. Col. Dodge is a member, and has been one of the officers, of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He belongs to the St. Botolph and Country clubs, and was president of the Papyrus Club for 1887. He has recentiy purchased the old Crafts estate on the southern limits of Brookline, and has transformed it into a homestead which is aptly described by its name, “The Rocks.” This definitely connects him with that town. Circumstances have enabled Mr. Dodge to travel much. He has spent more than a dozen years in Europe, and has crossed the ocean many times. He married, in 1865, Miss Neil, a grand- niece of Chief Justice John Marshall. He has three children living. A literary tend- ency seems to run in the family; his father was a litterateur known to every peri- odical in the country ; his son, a senior at Cambridge, was editor-in-chief of the “Harvard Monthly.” Despite his loss of a leg, Col. Dodge is so active as to make all his friends forget that he is disabled, and promises to play the part of a veteran of our civil war for many years. As he was one of the youngest officers in service, he is still in the prime of life. He has taken up mili- tary history and criticism as his favorite pursuit, and will probably add materially to the existing literature of this topic. DOHERTY, PHILIP J., son of Philip and Ellen (Munnegle) Doherty, was born in Charlestown, Middlesex county, Janu- ary 27, 1856. He received his school training in the common schools and high school of Charles- town; was three years in the Boston Uni- versity law school, from which he was DOLBEAR. 179 graduated LI. B. in the class of 1876 ; was admitted to the bar, June 4, 1877, and has since been engaged in the practice of law in Boston, as member of the law firm of Doherty & Sibley. Mr. Doherty was married in Charles- town, August 16, 1878, to Catherine A., daughter of John and Catherine (Doyle) Butler. Of this union are four children: Philip, Mary, Eleanor, and Alice Doherty. In 1883 Mr. Doherty was elected mem- ber of the House of Representatives, and served three years ; was a member of the committees on drainage, rules, judiciary, joint special committee on investigation of state house expenditures, and joint special committee on the revision of the judicial system. In 1886 he was Democratic can- didate for speaker of the House. In 1887 he was elected on a non-partisan platform by a coalition of the Republicans and Dem- ocrats as a member of the Boston board of aldermen. He was elected in 1888 a delegate to the national Democratic convention at St. Louis. He took a prominent part in the citizens’ movement in Boston in 1888, and made the speech at the citizens’ convention, placing Hon. Thomas N. Hart in nomina- tion for mayor of Boston. During 1889 he was chosen a member of the Boston water board for the term expiring in 1891. DOLBEAR, AMOS EMERSON, son of Samuel and Eliza (Godfrey) Dolbear, was born in Norwich, New London county, Conn., November to, 1837. He attended the public schools at New- port, R. L., till he was ten years of age, after which his school education consisted of a few weeks each year until he reached the age of sixteen. He then entered a machine shop in Worcester, where he worked for two years. He next went into southwest Missouri, where he taught school for four years. In 1859 he returned to Massachusetts and resumed work in a machine shop in Taunton, where he finished his trade. Later on he obtained a situation in the armory at Springfield. While there he was drafted for the Union army, but was un- able to pass the medical examination. His health failing him, he was obliged to give up his work. In the meantime he had fitted himself for college, and in 1863 entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, from which he was graduated in the class of 1866. He then took a post-graduate course at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and received the degrees A. M. and M. E. In 1883 he was made a doctor of philosophy by Michigan University. 180 DONNELLY. He was appointed assistant professor of natural history in Kentucky University, Lexington, where he remained one year. He then accepted the chair of natural science at Bethany College, West Virginia. Here he remained six years, during which he showed his inventive powers in a marked degree. He received his present appoint- ment, that of professor of physics and astronomy at Tufts College, in 1874. He is the author of several standard scientific works—a Hand-book of Chemical Analysis, a Treatise on Projection, a Man- ual of Experiments in Physics, Chemistry and Natural History, with the Porte Lu- micre and Magic Lantern, and one on the telephone. He has published several pamphlets on the speaking telephone, and has been an active contributor to scientific journals. He claims to have invented the speaking telephone which is now in general use. He made and exhibited in October, 1876, a telephone operated by a permanent magnet. In 1879 he invented the static telephone, entirely different in principle from the earlier one. He is also the inventor of a system of telephony and telegraphy without wires, and a new system of incandescent lighting. Professor Dolbear is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He received a silver medal for his inventions and contri- butions to science at the Paris Exhibition, and a gold medal at the Crystal Palace Exhibition at London, in 1882. He was one of the examiners of the Electrical Exhibition, Philadelphia, and is everywhere recognized as an _ electrical expert. Prof. Dolbear was married in 1869 to Alice, daughter of Phineas and Jeanette (Needham) Hood, of Milford, N.H. They have five children: Clinton, Katie, Mary, Samuel and Benjamin Dolbear. DONNELLY, CHARLES FRANCIS, son of Hugh and Margaret (Conway) Don- nelly, was born at Athlone, county Ros- common, Ireland, October 14, 1836, his parents emigrating to British America in 1837, and thence to Rhode Island in 1848. On his paternal side his ancestry are of the old Irish septs of the North, and his moth- er’s family are of Welsh-Irish stock, of the west of Ireland. Mr. Donnelly’s early training was for the Catholic priesthood, but he found his avocation in the law, and commenced his studies in the office of Hon. .\. A. Ranney, DONNELLY. of Boston, in 1856; was graduated from Harvard University law school with the degree of LL. B., and was admitted to the Boston bar in 1858. He is the senior in membership of the Catholic members of the bar of New England, and became at an early age president of the oldest exist- ing Irish-American Society in that sec- tion, namely, the Charitable Irish Society, founded at Boston, in 1737. In 1875 he was appointed a member of the state board of charities, taking the posi- tion from which the philanthropist, Dr. S. G. Howe, resigned, and he continues to be a member of that body. For four years Mr. Donnelly was chairman of the board. He has always declined to be a candidate for any political office, devoting his time to the general practice of his profession, and to the work of public and private charities —although at times entering into political discussions with much interest. In 1883 the state board of health, luna- cy and charity had a long politico-legal correspondence with General B. F. Butler, commenced by the latter in his capacity as governor of the State. The letters on each side attracted public attention, and assisted in giving force and direction to the canvass against General Butler in that year. Mr. Donnelly was the author of the letters written in behalf of the state board. He distinguished himself before the Leg- islature as counsel for the Catholic body in 1888 and ’89, in their remonstrance against the proposed legislation to oppose the Catholic view of the school question in the State. He has been also conspicuous as counsel in several leading civil cases, in- stituted against the archbishop and other Catholic ecclesiastics in Massachusetts, within the past twenty years, especially in the arguments showing the harmonious re- lation of Catholic ecclesiastical, or canon law with the spirit of American law and American institutions. His able services were recognized by his being honored with the degree of LL. D., from the oldest Catholic seat of learning in the country — St. Mary’s College, of Maryland. When the Legislature of 1884 referred the question of the treatment of inebriates to the state board of charities, to consider and report, Mr. Donnelly, as chairman, proposed and drafted a unique act, adopted by the Legislature of 1885, subjecting dipsomaniacs to the same restraint and treatment as lunatics, and Massachusetts is the only state having such legal remedy for the offence of habitual drunkenness. In 1889 Mr. Donnelly had the satisfaction of DONOHOE. seeing the Legislature give further effect to the law, by authorizing the erection of a hospital for those coming under the pro- visions of the act, and the appointing of a board of trustees for the management of the hospital. DONOHOE, MICHAEL T., the son of Owen M. and Mary (Cassidy) Donohoe, was born at Lowell, Middlesex county, November 22, 1838. His paternal ances- tors came originally from County Cavan, Ireland, his father being one of the earli- est settlers in Lowell. Michael T. Donohoe was educated at the public and high schools of Lowell and at Holy Cross College, Worcester. Upon leaving college in 1855 he took a situation in the Merrimack Mills, where he remained until 1859, when he went to Manchester, N.H., to enter a clothing store. Upon the breaking out of the war in 1861, he enlisted in a company which afterwards became company C, 3d New MICHAEL T. DONOHOE. Hampshire regiment, of which he was elected captain, He took part in Sher- man’s expedition to South Carolina, in which he was honorably mentioned in general orders. On June 16, 1862, he returned home to New Hampshire, and with the aid of other officers succeeded in raising a regiment DONOVAN. I8I for the service (10th regiment N. H. vol- unteers), of which he was appointed colonel, and with the regiment left the state for the seat of war, September 22, 1862. They joined the 9th corps and served until March, 1863, participating in the battle of Fredericksburg. ‘They were sent to the 18th corps, and while at Fort Harrison on September 29, 1864, Colonel Donohoe had a horse shot from under him, and later on the same day received a severe gunshot wound in the right hip, and was specially mentioned in general orders for gallant conduct in the field. Colonel Donohoe subsequently served in General Devens’s division of the 24th corps, and during the last year of the war was brev- etted brigadier-general for gallant conduct in the field. At the close of the war General Dono- hoe entered the railroad service of the Concord and Boston & Lowell Railroads, subsequently changing to the Lake Shore & Bee Lines, after which he was appointed inspector of the post-office department, which post he held until appointed clerk of commissioners of public institutions at Boston, a position he still most acceptably fills. General Donohoe resides at Dorchester. He was married August 21, 1862, to Eliza- beth E., the daughter of John and Isabella (McCaffrey) McAnulty. Mr. McAnulty was also one of the earliest settlers of the town of Lowell. General Donohoe has five chil- dren: Francis E., Maybelle, Adelaide, George J., and Ellie Donohoe. DONOVAN, JOHN J., son of Jeremiah and Catharine (Lawler) Donovan, was born July 28, 1843, in Yonkers, Westchester county, N. Y. The public schools of Lowell, where his family settled in 1846, gave him his early educational training. He was graduated from the Lowell highschool at fifteen years of age. He was also graduated from the Farnsworth Mercantile Academy. Upon leaving school he entered the em- ploy of David Gove, Lowell, and was admitted as a partner upon reaching his majority. For a number of years he was interested in the manufacture of Manila paper. He constructed all the lines of the Atlan- tic Telegraph Company east of Boston, doing business in connection with the Bal- timore & Ohio Telegraph Company. He was the promoter of this company, and is at present its treasurer. ; Mr. Donovan was married in Lowell, May 6, 1869, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter 182 DONOVAN. of Augustine and Sarah (Crowley) Seede. Of this union are five children: Katharine Seede, John Augustine, Sarah Elizabeth, Grace Dorothy, and Marianna Donovan. Mr. Donovan has held many positions of honor and trust; has been member of board of overseers of the poor ; was elected as a Democratic mayor of Lowell in 1882, JOHN J. DONOVAN. and was re-elected the next year, refusing a re-nomination at the expiration of his term. In 1886 he was nominated for con- gressional honors in the 8th congressional district, in which election the usual Repub- lican majority was reduced to a very nar- row margin. He was president of the Democratic state convention in 1888, and his address upon that occasion was strong, able and eloquent. It confirmed his repu- tation for oratorical ability, and several thousand copies of the address were pub- lished and distributed in the New England States. The oration at the Washington centennial in Huntington Hall, Lowell, and his memorial address before the G. A. R. posts the present year, were received with especial favor. Although engaged in active business, he still finds time to indulge his literary tastes, and has been frequently heard upon the lecture platform. Some of his lectures have been of exceptional merit, especially DORCHESTER. his “Orators and Oratorical Culture,” “Life and Times of Robert Emmett,” and “Germany; Its Growth and Influence.” Mr. Donovan applies himself energetic- ally to every movement that promises to advance the interests of the people who have honored him in the past, and who appreciate his worth to-day. DORCHESTER, DANIEL, son of Rev. Daniel and Mary (Otis) Dorchester, was born in Duxbury, Plymouth county, March II, 1827. He received his educational training from the common schools, Norwich Acad- emy, and the Wesleyan University, Middle- town, Conn., from which institution he re- ceived the degrees of A. M. and D. D. He has given his life to the work of the church and kindred elevating and educa- ting institutions. He entered the minis- try of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which his father was an honored clergyman for many years. He has been conspicuous in the temperance reform, and in statistical studies, particularly in the ecclesiastical and reformatory departments of inquiry. He is an acknowledged authority, not only in religious statistics, but the religious his- tory of the United States, to which he has devoted great attention. His “ Christian- ity in the United States’ has been adopted as a text-book for young students for the ministry, and his ‘‘ Problem of Religious Progress”” has given him a _ world-wide fame. He was married, first in Dudley, April 12, 1850, to Mary P., daughter of Henry and Matilda Davis of Dudley. His second marriage occurred October 12, 1875, with Marial A., daughter of Matthew and Diantha Whipple, of Charlestown, N. H. Of the first marriage were seven children : Daniel, Jr. (professor in Boston Univer- sity), Henry Davis (deceased), Sarah C. (Woods), Ernest D., Liverus H. (clergy- man at Springfield), Wesley (deceased), and Chester O. Dorchester. In 1854 he was elected to the Connecti- cut state Senate from the 14th senatorial district. In 1854 and’55 he was chairman of the commission appointed by the Con- necticut Legislature to investigate the con- dition and improvability of idiots. In 1882 he was elected to the Massachusetts Legis- lature from the town of Natick. He has written and spoken much upon po- litico-religious and reformatory questions. He is widely known as a man of ideas and opinions which he has evolved, and for which he stands, in a progressive, conserva- tive way. DOTEN. Entering the ministry in 1847, he has never wavered in his allegiance to his chosen vocation. He has filled some of the most important appointments in the various conferences in which he has labored, and the leading cities of the State have been favored with his ministration. He served three terms of four years each as presiding elder in tne Worcester, North Boston and Lynn districts; has been active in the advanced temperance and prohibition movements, holding the position of chairman of the Massachu- setts constitutional prohibitory amendment committee, and president of the national league for the suppression of the liquor traffic. , Besides his numerous review and news- paper articles, he is the author of “Con- cessions of Liberalists to Orthodoxy,” “Problem of Religious Progress,” ‘“ The Liquor Problem in All Ages,” “The Why of Methodism,” “ Christianity in the Unt- ted States, from the First Settlement down to the Present Time,” “ Romanism versus the Public School System,” “ History of the First M. E. Church in Lowell,” “ Giving and Worship,” “ Latest Drink Sophistries versus Total Abstinence,” “‘ Non-partisan- ship in Temperance Effort,” and ‘ The In- dictment of the Drink Traffic.” The latest tribute to the recognized ability and moral standing of Dr. Dor- chester is his recent unsolicited appoint- ment, by President Harrison, as superin- tendent of Indian schools. This is a very important office, affecting the education of all the uncivilized tribes. DOTEN, CHARLES CARROLL, son of Samuel and Rebecca (Bradford) Doten, was born in Plymouth, Plymouth county, April 9, 1833, and is a descendant in the seventh generation on his mother’s side from William Bradford, the Pilgrim governor of Plymouth Colony. His early education was obtained in the common schools and high school of his native town. He gave his special atten- tion to the higher mathematics, and studied surveying, becoming in time a practical engineer. At this profession he worked for a time with Swan & Straw, Lowell, and afterwards in Plymouth. In 1857 he was engaged for a season surveying in Minnesota. In 1858 he took charge as manager of the telegraph office, Plymouth, in connection with a book store, being thus engaged for fourteen years. In April, 1872, he sold out this business and formed a partnership with W. W. Avery, in the job printing and publishing business, DOTEN. 183 issuing the “Old Colony Sentinel” news- paper. In July of the same year the firm purchased the “Old Colony Memorial ” newspaper, consolidating the “ Sentinel ” with it, and since that time he has held the position of editor and business manager of the ‘ Memorial.” Mr, Doten was married in Boston, June 19, 1860, to Mary A., daughter of Thomas B. and Bethiah (Churchill) Bartlett. Of this union were six children: Charles Monroe, Mary Carroll (deceased), May Carroll (deceased), Lizzie Francis, Mabel Willard and Alfred Russell Doten. Mr. Doten represented his town in the General Court two years, 1865 and’66, but has otherwise declined all civic and politi- cal honors, preferring to give attention to his private business. He is a prominent Mason and Odd Fel- low, and a member of other fraternal and benevolent societies, in all of which he has been honored by offices of trust. He is a trustee of the Plymouth Five Cents Savings Bank and of the Pilgrim Society, and is also active in literary and historical associations. Mr. Doten was commanding the Standish Guards, 3d regiment, Massachusetts volun- teer militia, as rst Heutenant at the break- ing out of the rebellion. He had been on the rolls for nine years previous to this time. In response to Governor Andrew’s “Order No. 4,” issued in January, 1861, his company was put in condition and reported ready for immediate duty in case of war. As telegraph manager, he received the first news of the call for troops April 15, 1861, and instantly declared his inten- tion “to go if not another man left Plym- outh,” and at three o’clock A. M., April 16th, having received orders to move, he reported his command in Boston the same morning. He was made captain of the company and served with the 3d regi- ment, “ Minute Men of 1861,” during the three months’ campaign at Fortress Mon- roe and Hampton, Va., and took part in the destruction of Norfolk navy-yard the night of April 20, 1861. His company was the first that went to the war from Plym- outh, promptly responding, without ques- tion, and from motives of patriotism alone. He afterwards served as captain in the 38th Massachusetts regiment in Louisiana, and received commendation from superior off- cers ‘for courage and coolness in action and care for the welfare of the men under his command.” Captain Doten is a member of Colling- wood Post 76, G. A. R.,of Plymouth. 184 DOUGLAS. DOUGLAS, NORMAN B., son of Edwin B, and Naomi (Tupper) Douglas, was born at Middlebury, Addison county, Vt., August I, 1844. He received his early education in the common schools of Middlebury until the age of eleven, when he removed to Shore- ham, Vt. He there attended the common school during the winter sessions until fif- teen years of age. He subsequently at- tended Newton Academy, Shoreham, six terms, and Brandon Seminary two terms. Upon leaving school he assisted his father on his farm until 1878, when he pur- chased the farm he now occupies at Sher- born. Besides being much interested in stock raising and butter making on his farm, Mr. Douglas is president of the Patrons’ Mutual Fire Insurance Company, a position he has held since its organiza- tion, April, 1887. In August, 1862, he enlisted as private in company D, 14th Vermont infantry volunteers; served in the army of the Potomac; took part in the Gettysburg campaign in 1863 ; and was mustered out of service in August, 1863. He is a member of Post 63,G. A. R., South Framingham, also of Union Lodge, F. & A. M., Middlebury, Vt.; Potter Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Middlebury, and of Natick Commandery, K. 'T., Natick. He has been master of Sherborn Grange, P. of H., three years ; master of Middlesex and Norfolk Union Grange three years ; member of the executive committee of Massachusetts State Grange five years. He is now president of Middlesex South Agri- cultural Society ; overseer of Massachu- setts State Grange ; member of the board of selectmen and board of assessors of the town of Sherborn. Mr. Douglas has been twice married — first at Brandon, Vt., November 4, 1867, to Annah D., daughter of Dr. Charles and Mary (Mansfield) Backus, who died in 1869. His second marriage was April 26, 1876, with Mrs. Laura Cook Barnes, daughter of Capron C. and Elizabeth (Houghton) Cook, of West Newton. He has no children, DOWSE, EDMUND, son of Benjamin and Thankful (Chamberlain) Dowse, was born in Sherborn, Middlesex county, Sep- tember 17, 1813. He attended the schools of his native town, and fitted for college at the old Wrentham Academy. In 1836 he was graduated from Amherst College. His alma mater has since conferred upon him the degree of D. D. DOWSE. Dr. Dowse studied theology with the late Dr. Jacob Ide, of Medway, and was ordained and settled as pastor of the Pilgrim Society, the evangelical Congre- gational church of his native town, Octo- ber 10, 1838, where, for fifty years, he has continued his ministry. The Dowse family settled in Sherborn in 1775, and at the date of Mr. Dowse’s ordination his father and grandfather were members of his congregation. The family originally came from Broughton, England, and “Edmund” has long been a family name. Sir Edmund Dowse, living in 1625, left in the latter town a memorial in the EDMUND DOWSE. form of a charity-school called “ Dowse’s Charity.” Dr. Dowse has always taken an active interest in educational matters, hav- ing served fifty years as a member of the school committee of Sherborn. Soon after his settlement, Dr. Dowse was married to Elizabeth R. Leland, who died in 1842. His second wife, Elizabeth Bowditch, was a lady of rare ability, who died January 12, 1864, and was the mother of four children: Sarah, Priscilla, Deb- orah P. (Mrs. Lowell Coolidge), and Wil- liam Bradford Homer Dowse. The last two only are living. Elizabeth R. L., by his first wife, died in 1876, after a life full of good works. In the latter part DRAPER. of 1865 Dr. Davis. Dr. Dowse served as chaplain in the Christian Commission in the war of the rebellion, with the army of the Cumber- land. He was a member of the state Senate for 1869 and ’70, and has for ten consecutive years served as chaplain of that honorable body. Dr. Dowse is eminently a man answer- ing Goldsmith’s description of a country clergyman. He is certainly one of the survivors of that old school of clergy to whom James Russell Lowell refers as liv- ing lessons of piety, industry, frugality, and temperance, and who, with the magis- trates, were a recognized aristocracy. DRAPER, JAMES SUMNER, eldest son of Deacon James and Elizabeth (Sumner) Draper, was born in Wayland (then East Sudbury), Middlesex county, August 18, 1811, where he has since resided. His early educational training was re- ceived in-the public schools, supplemented by a short attendance in academies in Marlborough and Concord. His chief occupation has been farming, with the accompanying employment of land sur- veying; but his tastes have led him to read quite extensively in the fields of science, literature, theology and religion. His individuality is clearly marked, and he may be safely classed in the list of re- formers. At seventeen he was the only absolute teetotaler among his companions. When theological questions became sharply defined, he was found in the ranks of liberal Unitarians. In 1833 he espoused the cause of anti- slavery, and continued in his adherence thereto until the emancipation. About the same time he became a staunch supporter of female suffrage, and is still firm in the ranks. From 1835 to 50 his energies were especially devoted to the moral and religi- ous culture of the young, through temper- ance organizations and the Sunday-school, and to their general education in the com- mon schools. During the war period he was a zealous Unionist, although he had previously been opposed, on principle, to the use of armed force in the settlement of disputed ques- tions. Two of his sons were among those who volunteered in 1862 for three years’ service. At the close of the war he ob- tained material for a sketch of each Wayland soldier’s army life, as a memorial of their services to the country, making a quarto volume of 452 pp., published by the town. He has aimed in his political duties to be Dowse married Caroline DRAPER. 185 patriotic rather than partisan, from his first electoral vote for Henry Clay in 1832 to his last for Harrison in 1888. In 1846 he joined the Free Soil party, and ten years later became a member of the Republican organization. He has held a justice's commission since 1857. Largely through his efforts came the establishment, in 1848, of the Wayland public library (the first in the State). For twenty years he officiated as librarian, and greatly developed its usefulness. In local improvements he has taken a conspicuous part, as the shade trees bordering some of the streets of his native town will long bear witness. The inception of the Massachusetts Central Railroad was the result of a letter from his pen to a gentleman in Barre, in 1867, and the persistency of his efforts was seen in procuring its charter and securing stock subscriptions. He gave to this enterprise, as director, twelve years of the best working period of his life, during ten of which he was clerk of the board. For nearly thirty-nine years he has made careful and extensive investigations into the merits of Spiritualism, and has satis- fied himself of the truth of its most im- portant claims, with an increased confi- dence of its being a power destined to take high rank in the evolution of human destiny. He attributes whatever success in life he has attained to the excellent influences of his paternal home. Mr. Draper was married in his native town, August 18, 1834, to Emeline A., daughter of Nathaniel and Miliscent (Rice) Reeves. Their children are: James Aus- tin, Charles Herbert, Frank Winthrop, Ella Elizabeth and Wallace Sherwin Draper. DRAPER, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, son of George and Hannah B, (Thwing) Draper, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, April 9, 1842. He received his early education in the common schools of his native city, sup- plementing their advantages with a year or two of academic training. At the age of sixteen he went to work in a cotton mill, making a study of the processes of the manufacture of cotton goods. At nineteen years of age he enlisted asa private in company B, 25th regiment Mas- sachusetts volunteers, a company recruited in Milford. He was promoted through the various grades to that of rst lieutenant and when the 36th regiment was formed in Worcester, he was commissioned captain of company F. 186 DRAPER. His faithful and gallant service led to his promotion to major and lieutenant- colonel, and while holding the latter rank, he commanded a brigade in the army of the Potomac. He was severely wounded in one of the battles of the Wilderness, so severely, indeed, that he was given up for dead, but after three months at home, he re- turned to the front, and joined his regiment a short time before the war closed. He was brevet-brigadier-general when mustered out. Returning from the front, he joined his father in business, under the firm name of George Draper & Sons. The same title is still retained by the firm, although the subject of our sketch is senior member. General Draper is a well-known manu- facturer, being president, treasurer, or di- rector of more than twenty different com- panies, viz.: president of the Milford & Woonsocket Railroad, Hopkinton Railroad, Franklin Cotton Manufacturing Company, Hopedale Elastic Fabric Company, Hope- dale Machine Screw Company, Dutcher WILLIAM F DRAPER. Temple Company, Thomson Electric Weld- ing Company (Lynn); treasurer of the Hopedale Machine Company ; director of the Milford National Bank, Barnaby Manu- facturing Company (Fall River), Grinnell Manufacturing Company (New Bedford), Henderson Cotton Mills (Kentucky), Shaw DUBUQUE. Stocking Company (Lowell), Glasgo Yarn Mills (Norwich, Conn.), Glasgo Thread Company (Worcester), Ferracute Machine Company (Bridgeton, N. J.), Milford Water Company, Milford Electric Light Com- pany, Milford Shoe Factory, Sole Laying Machine Company (Boston), Sawyer Spin- dle Company (Boston), American Mutual Liability Insurance Company (Boston), Merchants’ and Farmers’ Mutual Fire In- surance Company (Worcester), Worcester Manufacturers’ Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and is trustee of the Milford Savings Bank. General Draper was a delegate to the national Republican convention which nominated President Hayes ; a member of Governor Long’s staff, and presidential elector-at-large on the Republican ticket, 1888. His church connections are with the Hopedale parish (Unitarian), of which he was for many years treasurer and trustee, He is a member of the Union and Al- gonquin clubs, Boston; American Club, London ; Hope Club, Providence, R. I.; Springfield Club ; Worcester Club ; Massa- chusetts Club, Boston; Eastern Yacht Club ; Quidnune Club, Milford ; Commer- cial Club, Fall River. He is a Sir Knight in Milford Commandery, and a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. General Draper was married in Hope- dale, Mass. (his present residence), Sep- tember 15, 1862, to Lydia D. W., daughter of David and Charlotte (Austin) Joy, who died February 18, 1884. Of this union are five children: William F., George Otis, Edith, Arthur J., and Clare Draper. DUBUQUE, HUGO ADELARD, son of Moise and Esther (Mathieu) Dubuque, was born in Canada, November 3, 1854. He obtained his early education in the common schools and college at St. Hyacinth, P. Q., and was graduated from the latter in the class of 1869—’70. He came to ‘Troy, N. Y., in 1870; worked as clerk in a boot and shoe store for a few months; then came to Fall River in the summer of 1870, working as clerk in a grocery and drug store until June, 1874. During these years he had saved from his earnings sufficient to enable him to prosecute the studies preparatory to enter- ing upon his chosen profession. He entered Boston University law school, and having passed the full course, was graduated in the class of 1877, with the degree of LL. B. He was admitted to the bar in Novem- ber of that year, and began the practice of law in Fall River, where he is still in full DUBUQUE. practice, and has associated with him Edward Higginson, the present city solici- tor, under the firm name of Dubuque & Higginson. Mr. Dubuque was married in Fall River, May 15, 1881, to Annie M., daughter of HUGO A. DUBUQUE. William and Abbie (Maley) Coughlin. Of this union are twin daughters: Pauline and Helene Dubuque. Mr. Dubuque is honorary president of a literary society called Cercle Salaberry, and a benevolent society called the Ligue des Patriotes ; has lectured on the subjects of naturalization and education before French Canadians in New England for several years. He has spoken during political campaigns throughout the Eastern States since 1884. In politics Mr. Dubuque is a staunch Republican. He was elected member of the Fall River school board in 1883 ; served for three years, and was re- elected for a three years’ term in 1886. He was a member of the Legislature of 1889, serving on the judiciary committee, and taking a leading part in every debate of importance. He is a ready speaker in French or English. He is secretary of the Fall River Hospital ; was recommended for consul-general at Montreal by the full congressional delegation of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Hampshire. DUDLEY. 187 He has written considerably on histori- cal, political and social questions; is the author of “ Historical Sketch of French Canadians” in the “History of Bristol County,” and’ of the sketch on the same subject in French, contained in the “ Guide Canadien-Francaise,” of Fall River ges He has contributed many articles to French Canadian papers of the United States. _ Mr. Dubuque is the leading representa- tive of the French Canadian population in New England; their generally acknowl- edged counselor and authority, honored and respected by them as well as by his associates in the country of his adoption. The founder of the city of Dubuque, Iowa, was his grand-uncle. His father, Moise Dubuque, was among the early ex- plorers and pioneers of the great West, having settled in California and Montana from 1840 to 1850. His father died at St. Louis, Mo., on his return from a trip to Montana, about 1865. DUDLEY, LEvI EDWIN, son of John Gilman and Mary Clark (Townsend) Dud- ley, was born in North Troy, Orleans county, Vt., October 18, 1842. He was educated in the public schools of his native place, was quick and studi- ous, making good use of the limited ad- vantages in his reach. He worked with his father on the farm till 1857, when he went to reside with his maternal grand- father, Samuel Simonds Townsend, in Lynn, where he attended the grammar school for some months. He was then placed in a drug store to learn the business, and re- mained until 1860, when he accepted a similar position in Boston, remaining until the breaking out of the war in 1861. He then enlisted in the 13th regiment, Massa- chusetts volunteers, and served until the close of the war in the army of the Potomac. He gained the rank of hospital- steward in the regular army. His further promotion was prevented by ill health, resulting from typhoid fever, contracted in the service. During the last year of the war he was the commissary-steward of Lincoln General Hospital, Washington, D.C. At the close of the war Mr. Dudley was honorably discharged from the army, and appointed a clerk in the internal revenue bureau of the treasury department. About this time he was also chosen president of an organization of ex-union soldiers and sailors. In 1866, when the contest between President Johnson and Congress became 188 DUDLEY. very heated, some soldiers who were in sympathy with the president’s policy called a convention of ex-union soldiers and sailors who favored Mr. Johnson, to meet at Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Dudley read the call, and then arranged for a convention of the veterans who favored the policy of Congress, to meet in Pittsburgh, Pa. This last was unanimously approved by the soldiers’ union. It resulted in congratu- latory epistles pouring in from every sec- tion of the country, and his unanimous call to the chair in that enormous gather- ing of the country’s defenders, to which he was escorted by General Benjamin F. Butler and General J. F. Farnsworth of Illinois. His popularity at this meeting was in no small degree due to the fact that it had been suggested to him by the secretary of the treasury, Hon. Hugh Mc- Culloch, that if he refrained from attend- ing the convention he would continue to hold his position in the treasury depart- ment. He resigned his position, and went. Returning to Washington, Mr. Dudley entered the employment of the ‘“ Great Republic,” then published by Hon. G. F. Edmunds. He was active in forming equal suffrage leagues, an active worker in the organization of the G. A. R.; was secre- tary of the rst national encampment, and there elected adjutant-general, but de- clined the office in favor of another. He was the first commander of the department of the Potomac, G. A. R., and organized posts and departments in all the states east of the Alleghanies. From 1867 to’7r he was engaged in party work with the Republican congres- sional committee, on the “ Richmond State Journal,” and in the reconstruction cam- paign in Virginia. He was military sec- retary and aide-de-camp to the governor of Virginia with the rank of colonel. While in Richmond he was admitted to the bar as attorney and counselor-at-law, and to the bar of the supreme court of the United States in 1889. In 1871 he removed to New York City, and was for a time traveling salesman for a crockery house. He took part in the Grant cam- paign of 1872, and in the fall of that year was appointed superintendent of Indian affairs for the territory of New Mexico. He remained in this office until it was abolished in 1874. He was afterwards special commissioner of Indian affairs, and later on, clerk in the post-office department in Washington. In 1877 Colonel Dudley returned to his former home, in Boston, and was soon DUDLEY. made superintendent of the Lamina Wood Company. In 1882 he was elected to the secretaryship of the Law and Order League of Massachusetts, which position he still holds. He is also secretary of the National Law and Order League. In 1884 he founded a weekly paper—the “ Law and Order ”—and edited it himself for two years. He is still a frequent contributor to magazines and the general press, on the law and order movement, the temperance question, the Indian problem, and social and economic questions. Colonel Dudley is a lineal descendant in the seventh generation from the famous Governor Thomas Dudley, who had the somewhat remarkable honor of being called upon to serve the Commonwealth under the first charter, as deputy-governor or governor eighteen years, he being the nominee at eight different elections. DUDLEY, LEWIS JOEL, was born in Guilford, New Haven county, Conn., No- vember 11, 1815. He is the son of Joel and Harriet (Griswold) Dudley. He was brought up on a farm remote from the centre of the town, and put to work there- on at a very early age, attending the dis- trict school only in winter. He began the preparation for college at the Guilford Academy at the age of seven- teen ; continued the same at the academy of Worthington Viliage in Berlin, Conn., and entered Yale College at the age of nineteen. After graduation he taught the Lewis Academy in Southington, Conn., for one year, the Brainard Academy at Haddam, Conn., the next year, and in 1840 became tutor at Yale. Meanwhile he attended Dr. Taylor’s lectures on theology, moral government, and mental philosophy, in repeated courses. Leaving the tutorship in 1846, he spent the next year in the Yale law school, and hav- ing previously attended the lectures, re- ceived the degree of LL. B., in 1847. He passed the following year in the law office of Hungerford & Cone at Hartford, and was admitted to the bar in 1848. In 1849, at the suggestion of a high offi- cial at Yale, he opened a classical school at Northampton, Mass., to prepare pupils for college. This school was a success, and continued to flourish fourteen years, having pupils from almost every state inthe Union. It was suspended in 1862 for reasons at- tributable to the then raging civil war. Mr. Dudley devoted his energies to the enlistment of the Northampton quota of soldiers, and to their comfort in the field. DUDLEY. He was sent to the state Senate in 1864, and made a member of the state valuation committee of the same year; was a mem- ber of the House of Representatives in 1865, '66, 67, and ’73. In the Legislature of 1867 he was active in procuring a charter for the Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes in Northampton, and has ever since been largely interested in the management of its affairs under the corporation. He is president of the institution, and chairman of the school committee. He devoted much time and outlay in se- curing direct railroad communication be- tween Northampton and Boston by means of the Massachusetts Central Railroad, of which he was for thirteen years a director. He married, May 7, 1851, Theresa Hunt Bates of Northampton, third daughter of the late Hon. Isaac C. Bates — colleague with Daniel Webster in the United States Senate. They have had two children: Theresa Bates, born in 1852, who died in 1853, and Etta Theresa Bates, born March 20,1854. The latter is the first case in the country of a person congenitally deaf, achieving articulation and lip-reading so successfully as to mingle freely in society, and to experience little difficulty in com- municating with the hearing and speaking world. DUDLEY, SAMUEL F., son of Aaron and Sophia (Frail) Dudley, was born in Leverett, Franklin county, October 31, 1812. His educational advantages were very meagre. He attended school but two months during the year, and that in the winter season. He had also to walk a distance of two and a half miles to the school-house, but nevertheless attended in that manner until he was seventeen years old. He then began to work for a farmer by the month, and continued in that em- ployment until he reached his majority, when he commenced business upon his own account. He purchased a small farm in Leverett, and also engaged to some extent in lum- bering. In early days he ran his lumber down the Connecticut River in rafts. He subsequently sold his farm and purchased one in Shutesbury, adjoining Leverett, where he has since resided, engaged in the same business. He has been largely identified with the best interests.of the town and county. In 1844 he served in the Legislature and was re-elected in 1852. He was a member of the board of selectmen nine years in suc- cession, and has also served in that capac- DUNHAM. 189 ity at various other times. He has been special county commissioner one term, and starting as a corporal in the volunteer militia, he worked his way up through all the intermediate grades ; he served as lieu- tenant-colonel seven years, and held a commission as colonel for three years. He is a Republican in politics, and takes an active interest in the political movements of the day, and also in educational subjects. Mr. Dudley married on the 8th of March, 1838, Jemima, daughter of Richard Prouty, of Shutesbury, who died April 7, 1880. They have had eight children: George S., Richard A., Sophia J., Angie M., Muriel O., (deceased July 9, 1849), Rosella V., Alfred P., and Arthur B. Dudley. DUNBAR, JAMES ROBERT, son of Henry W. and Elizabeth (Richards) Dun- bar, was born in Pittsfield, Berkshire county, December 23, 1847. Fitting for college in the excellent pub- lic schools of Pittsfield, he entered Wil- liams College, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 187r. In 1874 he formed a partnership with Hon. M. B. Whitney, of Westfield, in the practice of law, having previously studied with him and having spent six months at the Harvard law school. In 1888 he was appointed by Governor Ames judge of the superior court. Judge Dunbar was married in Westfield, May 15, 1875, to Harriet P., daughter of George A. and Electa N. (Lincoln) Walton. Of this union were four children: Ralph W., Philip R., Ruth, and Helen L. Dunbar. Judge Dunbar served in the state Sen- ate, 1885 and ’86. His residence is West Newton. He has not been upon the bench long enough to enable an absolute esti- mate to be made of his judicial qualities, but his record thus far for clear judgment and conscientious courage is most gratify- ing. It was this last quality which drew special public attention to him, when, as chairman of the committee on resolutions in the Republican convention of 1887, after reading the resolutions prepared by the committee, he boldly stated to the unsym- pathetic gathering that he dissented from the plank in the platform recommending constitutional prohibition. DUNHAM, HENRY J., son of Bradish and Candace (Cornell) Dunham, was born in Savoy, Berkshire county, June 26, 1832, and received his early education in the common schools of his native town. Upon leaving school he spent four years with Ingalls, Tyler & Co., woolen manu- 190 DUNHAM. facturers, of North Adams, and then en- tered the office of Mr. Jonathan E. Field, at Stockbridge, to study law. He was subsequently taken into partnership by Mr. Field in the law practice and gen- eral insurance business. Mr. Dunham was admitted to the bar in 1860, and upon the death of Mr. Field, in 1868, he came into the full practice alone, which he now carries on as attorney- at-law and real estate agent at Stock- bridge. He is president of the Stockbridge Li- brary Association and chairman of the board of control. He was United States assistant internal revenue assessor for sev- eral years ; chairman of the board of select- men of Stockbridge seventeen vears ; mem- ber of the House of Representatives for » 1871, 81 and 84. He was largely interested in the incor- poration of the Stockbridge Water Com- HENRY J. DUNHAM pany in 1862, and had the management of the company for twenty-five years, resign- ing in 1887. He was for some years treasurer of the Stockbridge Savings Bank ; has been its trustee since its organization, and is now its attorney. He is also carrying on the woolen mill at Glendale, as trustee of F. W. Adams. ’ DURYEA. Mr. Dunham was married at New Leb- anon, N. Y., March 25, 1854, to Malvina, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth Gates, who died January 25, 1865. His second marriage at New Lebanon, N. Y., February 15, 1866, was with Sarah F., daughter of John C. and Mary Bostwick. He has five surviving children: Arthur H., a graduate of Williams; Etta F., William W., Hattie E., and Carrie L. Dunham. His eldest daughter, Delsie M., died October 30, 1880, aged twenty-one years. He is president of the ‘ South Berkshire Sportsmen Club,” organized for the pro- tection of fish and game. In 1858, when the law was enacted authorizing the designation of certain jus- tices of the peace to try criminal cases, Mr. Dunham was designated and appointed to the office, which he still holds under the title of trial justice. DURYEA, JOSEPH TUTHILL, the son of Abraham and Elizabeth Duryea, was born in Jamaica, Queens county, Long Island, N. Y., December 9, 1832. His ancestry was English and French (Hugue- not). His father’s family came to New York with the Dutch, settling what now is the city of Brooklyn; his mother’s came to Saybrook, Conn., about 1650-60, re- moving subsequently to the Hamptons, Long Island. He prepared for college at Union Hall Academy. He entered Princeton College in 1852, and graduated in 1856. The same year he became a student at the theolog- ical seminary at Princeton, and the year following was appointed tutor in Greek, and afterwards in rhetoric. During the whole period of his course of education he had studied music, in theory and har- mony, used the violin, ‘cello, and organ, and during his college life was the musical director and organist of the chapel. He was also the leader of a chorus and orches- tra in the town. While preparing for college, he decided to fit himself to enter upon the business of literary and musical publication, and accordingly acquired a practical knowl- edge of printing in all its departments. Three eminent men, friends of the family, each without knowing the intentions of the others, advised him to prepare for the ser- vice of a Christian minister. He was licensed to preach, in the autumn of 1858, by the presbytery of Nassau, L. I. In 1859 he was ordained by the presbytery of Troy, and installed as pastor of the Sec- ond Presbyterian church, Troy. Here he remained three years. During this period DURYEA. he was invited to prominent churches in the East, West, and South, but preferred to remain with his people, until he became convinced that the climate was too severe for a constitution always delicate. In April, 1862, he accepted a call to become one of the pastors of the Collegi- ate Reformed Dutch Church, New York, with Drs. DeWitt, Vermilyea, and Cham- JOSEPH T. DURYEA, bers, as associates. Here he remained over five years. During this period he was engaged, with the co-operation of his people, in the work of the United States Christian Commission, the Amer- ican Union Commission, visiting the army, and addressing assemblies in the principal cities of the country, and in Union Square, New York, on behalf of the government and the army, and the sufferers by the war. After the war he assisted in the organiza- tion of the Young Men’s Christian Asso- ciation, the erection of the building on 23d Street and the re-organization of the city mission, and the erection of its chapels in various parts of the city. He left New York for Brooklyn, on account of the opportunity offered by the growth of population for enterprise in church extension. He served as pastor of the Classon Avenue Presbyterian church about eleven years. During this period DUTTON. IQI his congregation completed their commo- dious house of worship, and assisted to found four other churches, all of which are now flourishing organizations. They also conducted a comprehensive mission work in various destitute neighborhoods of the city, and did pioneer service in meth- ods of temporal relief, now organized under the titles “The Fresh Air Fund” and “ The Country Week.” During these two periods of his ministry, he was invited to the presidency of two col- leges, and to a chair in a theological sem- inary, and to several churches in New York, Boston, San Francisco, and other cities. He had also acted as director in Princeton theological seminary, and the theological seminary in New Brunswick, N. J. In 1879 he received a call from the Cen- tral Congregational church, Boston, where he was installed April r7th, and of which church he is at present the pastor. In 1885 he was called to the presidency of Union University, at Schenectady, N.Y. For two years, in connection with his pastorate in Boston, he occupied the chair of biblical theology at Andover Sem- inary ; during one year the chair of polit- ical economy in Boston University, and for eight years was special lecturer in phil- osophy at Wellesley College. Among his publications are “The Pres- byterian Hymnal,” “The Psalter for use in Worship,” “ Vesper Services,” “ Oration before the Alumni of Princeton,” in com- memoration of the graduates who served in the army of the Union, “Oration before the Alumni of the Theological Seminary at Princeton,” “ Address before the Cabi- net, Senate, House of Representatives, Officers of the Army and Navy of the United States, on Washington’s Birthday,” during the period of the war, and several sermons. DUTTON, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, son of Ephraim and Phoebe (Wilson) Dutton, was born in Hillsborough, Hillsborough county, N. H., October 14, 1831. After leaving the public schools, he was sent to Norwich, Vt., where he had the advantages of a private class under the well known Captain Partridge. From this institution he was graduated in 185r. After graduating he went to Washington, D. C., and having established a reputation as teacher of penmanship and book-keep- ing, he opened a commercial college, in Alexandria, Va., and was successful from the start. His father’s health failing, he was recalled to his native place, and was in business 192 DUTTON. with his father, at Hillsborough Bridge, N. H., for seven years. He then came to Boston, in 1859, and went into the small ware and millinery jobbing business, in which he remained fifteen years, first in the firm of B. F. Dutton & Co., then Dutton & Wyman, then Brown & Dutton, and lastly, B. F. Dutton & Co. While always successful, so far as his own financial management was concerned, he passed through many vicissitudes inci- dent to the trade during these years, but never weakening under pressure, and always preserving his commercial integrity and gaining in financial ability. No BENJAMIN F, DUTTON. obstacle has ever presented itself, however insuperable in aspect, that he has not been able to overcome or circumvent by a change of financial tactics. For the last fifteen years Mr. Dutton has been asso- ciated as partner and financial manager in the well-known house of Houghton & Dutton, Boston. ‘This was one of the first “department” stores established in this country, and from a comparatively modest beginning has grown until it has assumed its present colossal proportions. Mr. Dutton was first married in Hills- borough, in 1851, to Harriet L., daughter of Dr. Elisha and Sophia (Kingsbury) Hatch. Of this union were three children : DWIGHT. Ellen, Harry and Hattie Dutton. His second marriage was in Enfield, N. H., in 1860, to Harriet M., daughter of George W. and Louisa A. (Merrill) Conant. Their children are: Cora, Frank, George C., Clara M. and Nina Dutton. Mr. Dutton is connected with the Con- gregationalchurch. He is, and has always been, a Democrat, having cast his first vote for Franklin Pierce. DWIGHT, JOHN SULLIVAN, son of Dr. John Dwight of Boston (Harvard 1800), and Mary (Corey) Dwight, was born in Boston, May 13, 1813. His early school days were passed in home and private school instruc- tion, later on in grammar and Latin schools, five years under B. A. Gould and F, P. Leverett. He entered Harvard in 1828, and was graduated in the class of 1832. He then entered Harvard divinity school, and was graduated in 1836. He then preached in Unitarian churches six years; settled in Northampton one year ; joined the Brook Farm Association, where he remained five years teaching classics and music, farming, gardening, etc., and editing the “ Harbinger.” He established ‘ Dwight’s Journal of Music ” in April, 1852 ; owned and edited it until September, 1881. Long previous to this, as early as 1839, he had published a volume of translations of smaller poems of Goethe and Schiller. His tastes were literary, and his time at present is spent in his home in Boston, in literary and critical work. Mr. Dwight was married in Boston, in 1851, to Mary, daughter of Silas and Mary (Barrett) Bullard, who died in 1860, leav- ing no issue. Mr. Dwight is a trustee of the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind. He is president of the Harvard Musical Association, an office he has held for the past sixteen years, and is a recognized au- thority on all matters pertaining to the history and interpretation of music, which finds Boston so congenial a home. To none more than Mr. Dwight is perhaps due the prominence and perfection which that art has acquired in the city of his birth. DWIGHT, WILLIAM GEORGE, son of Dr. William and Helen M. (Clark) Dwight, was born in Bernardston, Franklin county, September 21, 1859. His preparatory studies were in the dis- trict schools of Bernardston, the Powers Institute of that town, and in the Amherst high school. He was graduated from Am- DWINELL. herst College in the class of 1881. He began his newspaper career as reporter on the “Springfield Daily Union,’ and was afterwards connected with the “ Holyoke Daily Transcript,” to the sole proprietor- ship of which paper he succeeded in 1888, Mr. Dwight was married in Malone, N. Y., July 28, 1888, to Annie M., daughter of David and Aurelia (Percy) Bush. Too much engaged in the management of his paper to seek for office, he has not served his city in any public capacity. He is a young man of energy and ability, which is shown in the fearless and able manner in which he edits and conducts his paper, which is recognized as one of the leading journals of western Massachusetts. DWINELL, JAMES FISHER, son of Amos and Achsa Dwinell, was born in Newport, Sullivan county, N. H., July 23, 1825. His parents removed in 1826 to Marshfield, Vt., where he remained on the farm, except when at school, until 1845, when he went to Charlestown, Mass. Dis- trict and select schools in Marshfield and the Lowell high school furnished his edu- cational training. In 1845 he began work, peddling tin and glass ware. Two years later he was in the dry-goods business for a short time in Lowell. November, 1848, he bought an express team and located at Haymarket Square, Boston. In 1850 he sold the express busi- ness and bought a half interest in a coffee- roasting business, under the firm name of Taylor & Dwinell. In 1851 he bought out Mr. Taylor’s interest and took another partner. In November, 1852, he sold the business, bought out another coffee busi- ness, and after enlarging his sphere of action, changing co-partnership several times, extending the business until it em- braced the manufacture of spices, he be- came sole proprietor in 1876. In 1877 the spice firm of Hayward & Co. united their business with his, under the firm name of Dwinell, Hayward & Co., which is the present commercial title of the house. Mr. Dwinell was married in New Hamp- ton, N. H., November 27, 1849, to Martha C., daughter of Noah and Martha Mason. Of this union are three children: James H., Emily F., and Mattie A. Dwinell. Mr. Dwinell was a member of the House of Representatives 1859 and ’60, from Charlestown ; member of the board of al- dermen 1863, ’64, and '65 ; member of the Republican city committee from the or- ganization of the party until 1867, when he removed to Winchester. During this time he was a member of the Republican DYER. 193 state central committee two years, and was again a member from 1870 to’72. He was a delegate to the national Republican con- JAMES F, DWINELL. vention in 1876. He has been a member of the Winchester town water board from 1872 to the present time, and its chairman the past eight years. He was again a mem- ber of the House in 1883, and again a mem- ber of the state central committee for 1888. In 1889 he was elected to the Senate and served on the committees on drainage and water supply. He isa prominent Mason of the thirty-second degree in the Scottish Rite. He has been an active, and is now an honorary member of the Boston Lancers. He is a member of the 1.0.0. F. He worships with the Congregational church, though not a member. He was a charter member of Winchester Savings Bank, in- corporated in 1871, and is vice-president, trustee, and member of the investment committee. DYER, DAVID HARTWELL, son of David and Silvia (Jackson) Dyer, was born in Lee, Penobscot county, Maine, September 16, 1833. The family moved to Fall River in 1844. He availed himself of the advantages for an education furnished by the public schools, closing his studies by one year’s attendance at the high school. 194 DYER. Soon after arriving in Fall River he went to work as an operative in the old Troy Mill. He worked in various cotton mills until fourteen. From fourteen until eight- een, he worked at nail-making, learning the trade. From eighteen to twenty were his last two years of school attendance. He then was employed by the American Linen Company as book-keeper from Janu- ary 1, 1853, until 1865, with the exception of the time spent in the service of his country. His present vocation is that of civil and mechanical engineer, making mill engineering a specialty. Mr. Dyer was married in Fall River, November 23, 1858, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Job Borden and Abby (Allan) French. Of this union were three children: Susan Chace, William Allan and George French Dyer. Mr. Dyer was the first volunteer from Fall River at the breaking out of the war. He enlisted in company A, 7th Massachu- setts volunteers, of which he was com- missioned captain by Governor John A. Andrew, and was mustered into service June 15, 1861. He assisted in the organi- DAVID H, DYER. zation of the 3d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers ; was also captain of the 5th and 21st unattached companies, Massa- chusetts volunteers, raised for short terms DYER. in 1864. He received well-deserved com- pliments from General Couch and Gover- nor Andrew for meritorious conduct dur- ing the war. He is now quartermaster of Post 46, G. A. R. He has been treasurer of Mechanics Mills, Weetamoe Millis, Saga- more Mills and Quequecham Mills, and manager of Wilmington Cotton Mills; director at various times of Mechanics, Weetamoe, Sagamore, Osborne and Flint Mills ; is now director of Sagamore Manu- facturing Company and clerk of the cor- poration, and has been a member of the New England Cotton Manufacturing Asso- ciation about twenty years. He is also president of the Glen Mills. He is promi- nently identified with the Baptist church, and has always been active in Sunday- school work. Mr. Dyer learned the science of engineer- ing and manufacturing by personal appli- cation and study, without the aid of schools or teachers. In the winter of 1885 he visited most of the states in Mexico to inves- tigate the condition of manufacturing in that country, and spent two months at Monclova and Paras, State of Coahuila, Mexico, winter of 1888, making plans for alterations in mills. Mr. Dyer has been at the head and front in organizing mill companies in Fall River, and as a mechanical engineer has earned laurels in the plans and construction of nearly twenty of the great cotton mills that have raised Fall River to the first rank of cotton manufacturing cities in New England. He has shown financial ability in his entire business career, notably in saving the Sagamore Mill corporation from ruin, and placing it on a sound financial basis, during the panic of 1873. He has also planned and constructed mills in the South, and represented southern houses in the cotton interest. Since 1886 he has given his attention to mechanical engineer- ing as applied to cotton mill work. DYER, SAMUEL, son of Thomas and Ruth (Collins) Dyer, was born in Truro, Barnstable county, August 22, 1819. His early education was limited to the common schools. He entered business life for himself in the town of Truro, in 1848, in dry goods and groceries. He subsequently changed his business to that of dealer in wood, coal, lumber and grain. Mr. Dyer was married in Truro, Febru- ary, 1849, to Betsey Hopkins, daughter of Solomon and Betsey Paine. Of this union are two children: Samuel Dyer, Jr., and Mrs. Amelia F. Ryder. EATON. Mr. Dyer has been selectman, overseer of the poor, assessor, member of the school board, and justice of the peace; he has been a member of the parish committee of the Congregational church in Truro for several years. He has been moderator of the town meetings for more than twenty- five years. At twelve years of age he went to sea, and at twenty-four com- manded a vessel, and at one time was EATON, CHESTER W., son of Lilley and Eliza (Nichols) Eaton, was born in South Reading (now Wakefield), Middle- sex county, January 13, 1839. His father, Hon. Lilley Eaton, was the historian of the towns of Reading and Wakefield. CHESTER W. EATON. He was an attendant at the district schools and high school of his native place ; fitted for the Chandler scientific depart- ment of Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1859. He then studied for the legal profession at the Harvard law school. He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1864, and immediately commenced EATON. 195 in the employ of the United States Gov- ernment, as contractor for removing rock from Wellfleet harbor, and building a dike at Beach point. Mr. Dyer, during his long and honor- able career, has always contributed to those movements tending to improve and enlarge the usefulness of his native town, and is justly held in high repute by his fellow-townsmen. the practice of the law in South Reading. In 1868 he opened another law office in Boston, still retaining that in South Read- ing. In 1880 he added the business of publisher and editor of the ‘Wakefield Citizen and Banner.”” ‘To this was joined a real estate business, in 1886. Mr. Eaton was married in Rye, N. H., May 14, 1868, to Emma G., daughter of Rev. Giles and Elizabeth (Thompson) Leach. Of this union were three children : Richard Gardner, Theodore, and Emma Florence Eaton. Mr. Eaton has held the following offices : town clerk, town collector, member of the school board, trustee of the public library, justice of the peace and notary public (twenty-five years), trial justice, and treas- urer of the Wakefield Savings Bank. During the war of the rebellion he served as a private in the soth Massachusetts regiment, engaging in the campaign end- ing in the surrender of Port Hudson, La. EATON, EVERETT J., son of William and Sally (Johnson) Eaton, was born in Needham, Norfolk county, December 23, 1837. He obtained his education in the com- mon schools of his native town. After leaving school he worked a year in a pro- vision store in Boston. Two years he was in the employ of his brother as assistant at the post-office and station of the Charles River Branch Rail- road, and afterwards six years in the ex- press, freight and livery business. He then, in 1864, went into the livery and express business for himself, and has con- tinued in the express business between Needham and Boston up to the present time. He is an active man of affairs, and is not confined in his operations to this business alone. He is a well-known auctioneer, and constantly interested in some progressive movement promising to benefit his town and county. He is a member of the 196 EATON. Norfolk Club; has been selectman two years ; chairman of the board of assessors three years, and is serving his second term, which expires in 1892; is a member of the EVERETT J. EATON. board of health; was chairman of the Republican town committee two years, and has been a member more than fifteen years. He is usually selected as delegate to county, state and district conventions. He is a staunch Republican, and active in politics. Heisa member of the committee on Needham water supply; president of the Village Improvement Society, and of the Stable-keepers’ Association of Newton, Needham, Waltham and Watertown, and district deputy of K. of H. His religious sentiments are voiced by the Unitarian church. He is one of the stirring, public- spirited citizens of Needham. His judg- ment is a guide in town matters, and he retains the respect and good-fellowship of those with whom he has lived so many years. Mr. Eaton was married in Needham, February 12, 1863, to Lydia A., daughter of Alvin and Mary A. (Lucas) Fuller. Of this union were three children: William F., Everett Lawrence, and Mamie L. Eaton (deceased). Mr. Eaton is a lineal descendant of Francis Eaton, who came over in the “ May- EATON. flower,” and who died in Duxbury in 1633. He is also a descendant, on his mother’s side, of Edward Johnson, who was born in England, 1599, came to America, 1630, and who died in Woburn in 1690. His grandfather Johnson led Samuel Adams to a place of safety at Lexington, 1775. His great grandfather was one of the first settlers who removed to Needham from Dedham and there settled. Four generations were born on the original spot. His father, William Eaton, held many town offices and joined in all public movements. EATON, THOMAS STOWE, son of Thomas and Hannah (Pierce) Eaton, was born in Auburn, Worcester county, July 2, 1832, and received his early education at the common schools of his native town, with a short supplementary academic train- ing. Upon leaving school, he worked on the farm upon which he was living until he was of age; he then was for a short time employed at house carpentering, after which he entered the employ of a company manufacturing sash, blinds, doors, etc. THOMAS S. EATON. This company did not exist very long, and upon its discontinuance, he worked in a car-shop as passenger car finisher, but finding this occupation prejudicial to his EDGERLY. health, he returned to farming, which he still carries on. Mr. Eaton has held the offices of select- man, overseer of the poor, and member of the school committee. He was a member of the House of Representatives in 1884. His church connections are with the First Congregational church of Auburn, of which he is an officer. He was married at Auburn, November 20, 1861, to Martha Maria, daughter of John and Lavinia (Stone) Blood, by whom he has four children surviving: Arthur Adelbert, Luella Adelia, Ida Lavinia, and Carlotta Pierce Eaton. Herbert William died at the age of fourteen, and Alice Maria at eighteen. EDGERLY, MARTIN VAN BUREN, son of Samuel J. and kliza (Bickford) Edgerly, was born in Barnstead, Belknap county, N. H., September 26, 1833. His education was obtained in the pub- lic schools of Manchester, after which he was employed in the shop and mills of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. This he gave up in 1859 to engage in the insur- ance business at Pittsfield, giving his chief attention to fire insurance, and among other companies he represented the Massa- chusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, in which he was so prosperous that it proved the beginning of a most successful career as a life insurance and business man. In 1863 he returned to Manchester fora wider field, where he remained till 1883, when he removed from the State. In 1868 Mr. Edgerly was made general superintend- ent of the agencies of the company, but gave up the position two years later on ac- count of the incident travel required. In 1882 he was chosen a director in the com- pany, and in 1884 was made second vice- president. In 1885 he was made vice-presi- dent, and in 1886 was unanimously elected to succeed E. W. Bond as president of the company. It is safe to say that no one man has contributed more to the steady growth and success of the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company than Mr. Edgerly, and that for the position of presi- dent he is conspicuously qualified. While residing in Manchester, Mr. Ed- gerly served as director of the City National Bank, the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company, the Suncook Valley Railroad Company, the Worcester & Nashua Railroad Company, and as trustee of the Merrimack River Savings Bank. In religious faith he is an Episcopalian, and has always taken an active interest in EDWARDS. 197 affairs relating to his church and denomi- nation. In politics he isa pronounced and sturdy Democrat. He was delegate to the national Democratic conventions of 1872, 76, and ’80; a member of the national Democratic committee, and centennial com- missioner from New Hampshire, and chief of staff to Governor Weston of that state. In 1882 he was nominated as Democratic candidate for governor of New Hampshire, and in that Republican state was defeated by a very small majority. Since his election as president of the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, he has resided in Springfield, a MARTIN V. B. EOGERLY. man highly esteemed and admired by all who come in contact with him in business and social circles. For himself, he finds his chief relaxation and enjoyment in his home and in cultivating his literary in- stincts among the treasures of a large and select library of standard works. EDWARDS, ELISHA AUSTIN, son of Col. Elisha and Julia (King) Edwards, was born at Southampton, Hampshire county, March 25, 1824. He received his early education in the common schools of his native town and at Sheldon Academy. After reaching the age of twenty, for several years he taught school at South- 198 EDWARDS. ampton during the winter seasons, and during the summer worked upon the farm on which he had been brought up. He was for thirteen years town clerk ; also served as postmaster, selectman, asses- sor, overseer of the poor, and for some fifteen years moderator of the annual town meetings. He is now acting as county commissioner for the twenty-second year, being for eighteen years chairman of the board; and on the completion of his present term will have served twenty-four years. Mr. Edwards has held four military com- missions from the governor of the State. He commanded a regiment of militia three years, and was acting brigadier-general for one year. In 1861 he raised a company of volunteers and went to service in com- mand, and was with General Butler at the taking of New Orleans. He has been trustee, secretary and treas- urer of the Sheldon Academy twenty-two years, has held a commission as justice of the peace for forty years, as notary public seven years, and for qualifying civil off- cers seventeen years. He is president of the Southampton Library Association. Mr. Edwards was married at Southamp- ton, May 12, 1846, to Henrietta L., daughter of Silas and Anna (King) Sheldon, by whom he has four children: Alice Julia Anna, Emma Henrietta, Isabel Georgine, and Anna King. EDWARDS, OscaR, son of Oliver and Laura (Starkweather) Edwards, was born in Chesterfield, Hampshire county, June 6, 1821. He received his education at the public schools of his native town, and at the Chesterfield and other academies, and when twenty-eight years old entered into part- nership with his father as general mer- chants, in Chesterfield, then a leading town of Hampshire county, on the direct stage route from Boston to Albany, N.Y. By President Taylor he was appointed postmaster in 1848, and the same year was elected town clerk and treasurer, which offices he held till 1852, when he removed to Northampton. In April, 1851, Mr. Edwards married Katharine Wendell, daughter of Harmon- ius and Catalina (Hurm) Wendell, of New York. They have two sons and two daughters. Upon moving to Northampton, Mr. Ed- wards engaged in the drug business, and is still carrying it on in his original store. For fifteen years he has been president of the Northampton National Bank, which became widely known, two years after his ELA. election, from the fact that it was robbed of a million dollars. He has been a mem- ber of the board of water commissioners of Northampton since its origin, and is a director in the Connecticut River Railroad, the Ashuelot Railroad, and Glasgow Ging- ham Company, of South Hadley Falls, and the Hampshire Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He is also a trustee in the Northampton Institution for Savings, and has filled many other offices of responsi- bility and trust. Politically Mr. Edwards was a member of the old Whig party, and with many others became a Democrat, but his per- sonal popularity appeared in 1880, when, ina district that is largely Republican, he was elected by a very large majority, to serve upon the executive council of Gover- nor Long. ELA, DAVID HOUGH, son of Theodore and Priscilla (Woodward) Ela, was born in Canaan, Somerset county, Maine, January 19, 1831. He gleaned his early knowledge of books from the brief terms of the common school only, till fourteen years of age—then two years in a printing office, afterward learn- ing the trade of a machinist. He subse- quently determined to prepare for a differ- ent line of life-work, and entering Kent’s Hill Seminary, Maine, he fitted for college, and in 1857 was graduated from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., paying his way in preparatory school and college by occasional teaching, but mainly by working at his trade. He then entered the Methodist ministry, and joined the Providence Conference in 1858, and preached at Norwich, Conn., until 1860. He has remained in the minis- terial work of the M. E. church up to the present time, and has been a member of the New England conference since 1873. Mr. Ela has been principal of Provi- dence Conference Seminary, East Green- wich, R. I, three years (1871~-'73); dele- gate to the general conference of the M. E. church, 1872, ’80 and ’84; trustee of Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, and of Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. His appointments have included Nor- wich, Conn.; Bristol, Woonsocket, Paw- tucket and Providence, R. I.; Lynn, Low- ell, Worcester and Boston. He was pre- siding elder of the Springfield district, 1878 to 81, and received the degree of D. D. from Cornell College, Iowa, 1876. He is at present pastor of the Mt. Bellingham church, Chelsea. ELDER. He has written much for magazines and the general press. He possesses a pure taste for lyric poetry, and has written many hymns that appear in the Hymnal of the M. E. church, besides fugitive poems prepared for literary and festive occasions. Mr. Ela was married in Lowell, April 20, 1858, to Louisa B., daughter of William and Naomi (Smith) Sargent. Of this union were five children: Paul Francis, Clara Louisa, Grace Ednah, Emma Torsey and Elizabeth Ela —the two latter deceased. Mr. Ela is a clergyman widely known and respected outside the confines of his own denomination—a man of original thought, pleasing address, one calculated to build up and unify the various interests of the society over which he is placed. ELDER, SAMUEL JAMES, son of James and Deborah D. (Keene) Elder, was born in Hopeville, R. I., January 4, 1850. His early educational advantages were the public schools of Lawrence, Mass., where he fitted for college, and he gradu- ated from Yale in the class of 1873. He studied law with John H. Hardy, now associate justice of the municipal court of the city of Boston. He was admitted to the bar and began practice in 1875, in Boston, where he still remains actively engaged in his profession. Though employed in general practice, he has given especial attention to copy- right law, and was selected by the Inter- national Copyright League to act with it before the United States Senate on the international copyright bill. Mr. Elder was married at Hastings- upon-Hudson, N. Y., May 10, 1876, to Lilla, daughter of Cornelius W. and Mar- garet J. (Wyckoff) Thomas. Of this union are two children: Margaret M. and Fanny A. Elder. Mr. Elder was representative to the lower branch of the General Court in 1885, from the r4th Middlesex district (Win- chester and Arlington), but declined re- election. He has been treasurer of two manufacturing corporations for several years. He is a member of William Park- man Lodge, F. & A. M., Winchester, where he has resided since 1877. ELIOT, CHARLES WILLIAM, son_ of Samuel Atkins and Mary (Lyman) Eliot, was born in Boston, March 20, 1834. He was prepared for college at the Boston public Latin school ; entered Har- vard College and was graduated there- from in the class of 1853. In 1854 he was appointed tutor in mathematics, and ELLIS. 199 continued the study of chemistry under Prof. J. P. Cooke. In 1858 he was promoted to be assistant professor of mathematics and chemistry, and in 1861 was placed in charge of the chemical department of the Lawrence scientific school. For two years, during 1863, ’64 and '65 he studied chemistry in Europe, and spent some time in examining the systems of public instruction in France, Germany and England. In 1865 he was appointed pro- fessor of analytical chemistry in the Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1867-'68 he was again in Europe fora year, Professor Eliot was called to the presi- dency of Harvard University, May 109, 1869, which office he still holds. He was first married in Boston, October 27, 1858, to Ellen Derby, daughter of Ephraim and Mary Jane (Derby) Peabody. Of this union were four children, of whom two survive: Charles and Samuel Atkins Eliot. His second marriage was with Grace Mellen Hopkinson of Cambridge, October 30, 1877. Miss Hopkinson was the daughter of Thomas and Corinna Aldrich (Prentiss) Hopkinson. During President Eliot’s administration, the elective system has supplanted the old- fashioned prescribed curriculum, and Har- vard has come to resemble in its methods the great European universities. It has doubled in number of teachers and stu- dents, and more than trebled in wealth. President Eliot received the degree of LL. D. from Williams and Princeton in 1869, and from Yale in 1870, He isa fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Massachusetts Historical Society, and the American Philosophical Society, and a member of many literary and scientific bodies. His public addresses are noted for terseness and strength. Be- sides chemical memoirs, essays on educa- tional topics and economic questions of the hour, and his annual reports as presi- dent of Harvard, he has written two text- books on chemistry. President Eliot is an independent thinker and an efficient executive officer. While not inclined to mingle in party politics, he is an outspoken defender of civil service reform and of the theory of free trade as against protection. ELLIS, GEORGE EDWARD, son of Da- vid and Sarah (Rogers) Ellis, was born in Boston, August 8, 1814. He was graduated at Harvard in 1833, and at the divinity school in 1836, and after study and travel in Europe, was or- 200 ELLIS. dained March rr, 1840, as pastor of the Harvard Congregational church, Charles- town. From 1857 till 63, he was professor of systematic theology in Harvard divinity school. In 1864 he delivered before the Lowell Institute, a course of lectures on the “Evidences of Christianity,” in 1871 a course on the “ Provincial History of Massachusetts,” and in 1879 a course on “The Red Man and the White Man in North America.” He resigned the pastorate of Harvard church in June, 1869. GEORGE E. ELLIS. Mr. Ellis was at one time editor of the “ Christian Register,” and afterwards joint editor with Rey. George Putnam, D. D., of the “ Christian Examiner,” which he sub- sequently conducted alone. He has been vice-president of the Mas- sachusetts Historical Society, and is now president. He wasa member of the board of overseers of Harvard in 1850-51, serv- ing one year as secretary. Harvard gave him the degree of D. D. in 1847, and LL. D. in 1883. Mr. Ellis is the fourth person who has received both of these degrees from the university. He was chairman of the committee of publication of the Massachusetts Histori- cal Society for editing the MS. journal of ELLIS. Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, and published an address on the life and character of the judge. He delivered the address at the unveiling of the statue of John Harvard, in Cambridge (1884). He is a fellow of the American Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences, member of the American Antiquarian Society, and corre- sponding member of the Historical socie- ties of New York, Connecticut, New Ha- ven, Rhode Island and New Hampshire. He delivered an address before the New York Historical Society upon its eighty- second anniversary, November 16, 1886, He has published lives of John Mason (1844), Anne Hutchinson (1845), and Wil- liam Penn (1847), in Sparks’ “ American Biography ;” “Half Century of the Uni- tarian Controversy” (1857); “Memoir of Dr. Luther V. Bell” (1863); “The Aims and Purposes of the Founders of Massa- chusetts, and their Treatment of Intruders and Dissenters” (1869); ‘Memoir of Jared Sparks” (1869) ; ‘‘ Life of Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford” (1871); “ His- tory of the Massachusetts General Hos- pital” (1872); “History of the Battle of Bunker Hill” (1875); “ Memoir of Charles Wentworth Upham” (1877) ; ‘Memoir of Dr. Jacob Bigelow” (1880) ; “Memoir of Nathaniel Thayer” eae an address before the city government on the centen- nial of the evacuation by the British army, with an account of the siege of Boston (1876) ; and numerous other memoirs, ser- mons and addresses. Mr. Ellis wrote three historical chapters for the “ Memo- nial History of Boston ” (1880-’81) ; “The Religious Element in New England,” and five other chapters in the “ Narrative and Critical History of America” (1886) and several articles on American subjects for the ninth edition of the “Encyclopedia Britannica.”” He has also contributed nu- merous articles to periodicals. He pub- lished in 1882 * The Red Man and the White Man in North America ;” in 1888, “The Puritan Age and Rule in the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay,” and in 1888, an historical address delivered in Dedham, November 19th, on “ The Church and the Parish in Massachusetts, Usage and Law.” ELLIS, GEORGE LIVINGSTON, son of Edson and Mary Sherman Ellis, was born in Plympton, Plymouth county, November 10, 1838. He is a lineal descendant from old Plymouth “ Mayflower” stock. His education commenced in the com- mon schools of Plympton. He was gradu- ated from Plympton Academy, of which he afterwards became principal. While fitting ELLIS. for college, his health became undermined, precluding further efforts in that direction. He studied medicine under the instruc- tion of the late Dr. W. W. Comstock of Middleborough, and was graduated in the regular course at Harvard medical college in June, 1872. He located in Taunton, in general prac- tice for three years, and was then appointed assistant physician in the lunatic hospital, which position he filled for several years, till breaking down in health, he resigned, and removed to Middleborough and re- sumed general practice. Under Governor Robinson he received the appointment of medical examiner for Plymouth county, which position he still retains. He is chairman of the school board for the town of Middleborough. ELLIS, THOMAS, son of William and Judith (Peirce) Ellis, was born in Rochester, Plymouth county, August 4, 1812, on the old homestead bought and settled by his great grandfather, John Ellis, in 1755, then primeval forest. Here he lived and labored during his minority, and being the third child and eldest of four brothers, was able to attend only the winter district schools after he was large enough to be of value in farm work. His school attendance was coupled with the disadvantage of living a long distance from the school, the way lying through woods and swamps, and streams that often must be forded. He early acquired a strong taste for reading, and the scanty historical library in town (forty volumes) was conned before his school days were passed. His taste for standard literature has never forsaken him, and has fully supplemented his lack of early educational training, His business has been principally lumbering and farm- ing, and now at an advanced age he is enjoying the results of a long and busy life. Mr. Ellis was married in Rochester, March 10, 1836, to Almy D., daughter of Nathaniel and Ruth (Davis) Tabor. Of this union were three children : Cordelia M,, William T. and Mary T. Ellis. William T. Ellis enlisted in the 3d regiment, Mas- sachusetts volunteers, in 1862, served out his time, and returned home to die of dis- ease contracted in the army. His death occurred June 23, 1863. Mr. Ellis was a member of the House of Representatives in 1855, and again in 1869. He has held a commission as justice of the peace for many years, has served as select- man, member of the school board, super- intendent of schools, and has several times been appointed to look after the interests ELSON. 201 of the town before committees of the Leg- islature. He held the commission of lieu- tenant in the militia for several years — was elected captain, but declined the office. ELSON, Louls C., son of Julius and Rosalie (Snell) Elson, was born in Boston, April 17, 1848. His parents were German, and of some prominence in the rather small foreign col- ony of Boston at that time. His bent to- ward music was displayed at an early age, his instruction proper beginning when he was six years old. He enjoyed the benefit of the acquaintance and instruction of many eminent musicians from this time forward, but owes much of his theoretical knowledge to the friendship of Carl Glogg- ner of the Leipzig Conservatory, who awakened his interest in musical literature and even assisted him in his earliest essays at original production in this field. His studies in the German Lied were fostered by August Kreissman, whom Liszt acknowledged to be one of the best interpreters of Robert Franz. Mr. Elson’s first entrance into musical journalism was made in the “ Musician and Artist,’ of which he became musical reviewer. When this magazine ceased to exist he became contributor to, and subse- quently editor of, the “Vox Humana,” in which he began his historical work on an- cient music, which has since been pub- lished under the title of ‘“ Curiosities of Music.” He subsequently became musical editor of the “Score,” the “ Musical and Dramatic Times,” “Wide Awake,’ and numerous other literary ventures. He is the author of “The Harmonica” (1878), “Home and School” (1881), “ German Songs and Song Writers” (Boston, 1882), “ History of German Song” (1888), and various translations. His musical work has kept pace with his literary labors. He has been connected professionally with Trinity, Emmanuel, and_ other leading churches of the city of Boston. In the New England Conservatory of Music he has long been prominent asa teacher of voice and of the theory of music. He has labored faithfully to enlarge the horizon of musical education in America, and to cause the culture of the musician to be at least equal to that of other workers in the field of art. Asa lecturer he has made a successful record, and has appeared in many of the leading American educational institutes. Mr. Elson was married in Boston to Bertha Lissner. Of this union is one child : Arthur Elson. 202 ELY. ELY, FREDERICK DAVID, sonof Nathan and Amelia M. (Partridge) Ely, was born in Wrentham, Norfolk county, September 24, 1838. He fitted for college in Day’s Academy, Wrentham, and entered Brown University, where he was graduated in the class of 1859. Heread law in the office of Hon. Waldo Colburn, Dedham, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1862, before the superior court at Dedham. He first opened a law office in Dedham, and in 1870 at Boston, where he has prac- ticed up to the present time. He is now associate justice of the municipal court of the city of Boston, to which place he was appointed in 1888, Judge Ely was first married in Boston, December 6, 1866, to Eliza B., daughter of Seth and Harriet E. (Rice) Whittier. His second marriage occurred in Dedham, August ro, 1885, with Anna, daughter of Lyman and Olive Emerson. He has two children: Frederick D., Jr.,and Amelia M. Ely. Judge Ely is a prominent Mason, has been master of Constellation Lodge, Ded- ham, grand marshal and deputy grand mas- ter of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. He is trustee of the Dedham Institution for Savings; member of the vestry of St. Paul’s Episcopal church, Dedham; was a member of the school board three years, and seventeen years trial justice — both until his election to Congress. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives 1873, and of the Senate 1878 and ’79; in 1873 and ’79 serving on the judiciary committee, and in 1878 on that of public charitable institutions. He was elected a member of the 49th Congress in 1886, in which he served on the com- mittees on elections and private land claims. His residence is in Dedham. His party affiliations are with the Republicans. He attributes what success he may have real- ized in life to the good judgment of his parents in guiding his early years, and to their liberality in his education. ENDICOTT, AUGUSTUS BRADFORD, son of Elijah and Cynthia (Childs) Endi- cott, was born at Canton, Norfolk county, September ro, 1818. He received his early education in the common schools at Canton, and upon leav- ing school was apprenticed to the carpen- tering trade in the same town, at which he served four years and a half. Soon after reaching his majority he removed to Chel- sea and accepted a position as pattern- ENDICOTT. maker in a foundry, at which he continued about ten years. In 1852 Mr. Endicott came to Dedham, where he still resides. In 1853 he was appointed a deputy sheriff under Thomas Adams, then sheriff. He continued to act as under sheriff until August, 1885, when, upon the death of Sheriff Wood, he was ap- pointed to succeed him for the unexpired term of his appointment. In November, 1886, he was again elected by both parties for the full term of three years, which office he still holds. He represented the town of Dedham in the Legislature in 1874 and ’76. He has held the offices of selectman, assessor, overseer of the poor and member of the board of health for twenty-two years. He is also president of the Dedham Institu- tion for Savings; director of the Dedham National Bank, and also director in the Dedham Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Mr, Endicott was married at Dedham, July 22, 1845, to Sarah, the daughter of William and Millie Fairbanks, of Dedham, by whom he has three children: Mary Augusta (Mrs, William H. Lord), Lizzie Blanche (Mrs. George H. Young), and Henry Bradford Endicott. ENDICOTT, CHARLES, son of Elijah and Cynthia (Childs) Endicott, was born in Canton, Norfolk county, October 28, 1822. He had the advantages of a common school education. He worked on his father’s farm, and also at boot making, during his early days. In 1846, at twenty-four years of age, he was appointed deputy sheriff. He is now deputy tax commissioner and commissioner of corporations. Mr. Endicott was first married in Can- ton, September 30, 1845, to Miriam Webb. By this marriage there is one child : Charles W. His second marriage occurred Octo- ber 2, 1848, in Charlestown, N. H., with Augusta G. Dinsmore. Of this union are two children: Edward D. and Cynthia A. (Endicott) Field. Mr. Endicott was admitted to the bar in 1857, aS an attorney and counselor-at-law, after having read law in the office of the late Ellis Ames, of Canton. He has been called to serve in nearly all the town offices ; was county commissioner six years ; commissioner of insolvency, at first appointed by the governor and subse- quently elected by the people; represen- tative in the General Court, 1851, ’57 and *58; state senator in 1866 and ’67 ; mem- ber of the executive council, 1868 and 693 ENDICOTT. state auditor six years (1870 to '76); state treasurer five years (1876—'81) ; deputy tax commissioner from 1881 to the present time. Mr. Endicott is a director in the Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Company ; Nepon- set National Bank; was for forty years trustee of the Canton Institution for Sav- ings, and is now its president. ENDICOTT, HENRY, son of Elijah and Cynthia (Childs) Endicott, was born in Canton, Norfolk county, November 14, 1824. He was educated in the public schools ; commenced business life in the manufac- ture of steam engines and boilers, in Bos- ton, in 1845, under the firm name of Allen & Endicott. He retired from business in 1875. HENRY ENDICOTT. Mr. Endicott has long been a prominent -member of the order of Free and Accepted Masons, and is now serving his third year as grand master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. ENDICOTT, WILLIAM CROWNIN- SHIELD, the son of William Putnam and Mary (Crowninshield) Endicott of Salem, Essex county, was born in Salem, Novem- ber 19, 1826. His father was a graduate of Harvard University, class of 1822, and ENNEKING. 203 a descendant from John Endicott, the first governor of Massachusetts. His maternal grandfather, Jacob Crowninshield, was a member of Congress for some years, and was appointed and confirmed secretary of the navy in Jefferson’s cabinet, but de- clined, preferring to remain in Congress. William C. Endicott received his early education in the Latin school in Salem ; he entered Harvard University in 1843, and was graduated with the class of 1847. Soon after graduating, he studied law in the office of Nathaniel J. Lord, then the leading member of the Essex bar, and in the Harvard law school. He was called to the bar in 1850, and began practice in Salem in 1851. He was elected a member of the Salem common council in 1852, and in 1853 entered into co-partnership with J. W. Perry, under the firm name of Perry & Endicott. In 1857 he became city solici- tor, which office he held until 1864. In 1873 he was appointed by Governor Wil- liam B. Washburn, to the bench of the supreme court of Massachusetts. He re- mained on the bench until 1882, when he resigned. Judge Endicott was president of the Salem Bank from 1857 to’73. In 1863 he was elected president of the Peabody Academy of Science in Salem, and still holds the office. In 1884 he was Democratic candidate for governor of the State. In 1885 he became secretary of war in the cabinet of President Cleveland. He was married December 13, 1859, to Ellen, daughter of George Peabody, of Salem. His family consists of two chil- dren: William C., Jr., and Mary C. Endi- cott, who was married on the 15th of No- vember, 1888, to Mr. Joseph Chamberlain of Birmingham, England. ENNEKING, JOHN J., son of Joseph J. and Mary M. (Bramlage) Enneking, was born in Minster, Auglaize county, Ohio, October 4, 1841, and is of German descent. He received his early education in the schools of his native village, was an apt scholar, always preferring, however, to draw pictures on his slate rather than per- form sums in arithmetic. This natural predilection was not appreciated by the teacher, nor was the indiscriminate use of charcoal at home looked upon with favor by his father, but he had the sympathy of his mother, who was quite an artist in many directions. In 1858 he was sent to Mt. St. Mary’s College, Cincinnati, Ohio, where, in addi- tion to his regular studies, he devoted 204 ENNEKING. some hours a week to music and drawing ; in the latter study being much encour- aged by the kindly advice of the principal of the college, President Rosecrans, a brother of General Rosecrans. His career at the college was cut short by the breaking out of the civil war. After serving the cause of the Union in one capacity and another, having many hair-breadth escapes, he was at last se- verely wounded and laid up for many months. When convalescent he visited an exhibition of oil paintings in Cincinnati, which created in him a strong desire to become an artist. Not finding the advan- tages in the West great for the study of art, he turned his face towards the East. After a short stay in New York, he came to Boston and commenced to draw on stone under Professor Richardson. He was compelled to abandon this after a short time, owing to trouble with his eyes. He then went into business, but lost all his money in a few years. He then worked for several years in pastel, and from that branched into oil painting. He was married in 1864, in Boston, to Mary E. Elliott, by whom he has five chil- dren: John Joseph, Florence May, Mary Emily, Gracie Clara, and Joseph Elliott. In 1873 he went to Europe with his family, traveling through England, Hol- land, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Italy, and France. After spending six months in Munich, Bavaria, studying landscape painting and drawing of the figure, and three months sketching in Venice, he went to Paris; studying the art exhibits of the different countries at the Vienna exposi- tion, he concluded that Paris must be the Mecca for art students. Here he entered the school of Bonnat, one of the cele- brated schools of art at that time, where he studied the figure for three years, and landscape painting for a short time under the great landscape painter, Daubigny. He returned home in time to see the centennial exposition. He opened a studio on West Street, and after two successful seasons went abroad again, visiting the Paris Exposition, and made a three months’ trip to Holland; there he studied the Dutch masters in the galleries of the Hague, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and other places, and returned after six months’ absence. For the last five years he has had a studio on Tremont Street, Boston, and his summer studio near his residence in Hyde Park. Mr. Enneking has received several gold and silver medals for excellence in his art, ERNST. and his works may be found in many of the best collections in this country. He is a member of the Boston Art and the Paint and Clay clubs. ERNST, GEORGE A. O., son of Andrew H. and Sarah G. Otis Ernst, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 8, 1850. His father was a native of Germany, and his GEORGE A O. ERNST. mother was bornin Boston. Heis a grand- son of George A. Otis, well known in the early literary history of Boston. His early school life was passed in the private schools of Cincinnati. He was afterward sent to Mount Pleasant Military Academy, Sing Sing, New York, then to the Eliot high school, of Jamaica Plain, Mass., and lastly to prepare for college in one of the private schools of Boston. He was graduated from Harvard Uni- versity, class of 1871. Taking up the study of law, he was soon admitted to practice in Boston, where he has already won for him- self an enviable position in his chosen pro- fession. He was sent to Chicago in 1880 as one of the committee of “ Young Republicans,” to advance the interests of civil service reform in the convention which nominated Garfield. He was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1883 and ’84, and served on the committees on elections ESTABROOK. (chairman), street railways, and railroads. He has taken a quiet but active interest in all the reforms of the day — temperance, civil service, suffrage, and the purity of the ballot. A staunch believer in Republican principles, he yet shows a firm independ- ence of party dictation. Mr. Ernst was married in Brooklyn, N.Y, December 11, 18709, to Jeanie, daughter of Edwin and Caroline (Edgarton) Bynner. Of this union are two children : Roger and Sarah Otis Ernst. ESTABROOK, ADIN C., son of Thom- as and Sybil (Brown) Estabrook, was born at Reading, Windsor county, Vermont, December 9, 1828. He is in the sixth gen- eration from Thomas Estabrook, of Eng- land, who settled in Concord, 1660, and the eighth generation from Nicholas Brown, the first settler of Reading, Mass. His early education began in his native town. When seventeen he went to school near Buffalo, N. Y., and from eighteen to ADIN C, ESTABROOK. twenty attended the academy in Wood- stock, Vt. At twenty he began to teach, still continuing his studies at the academy, and at twenty-five was chosen principal of Centerville Academy, Michigan, where he remained for two years. During that time he secured the arrest and sentence to prison for life of three murderers of his brother ESTES. 205 Thomas. Loss of health required him to return to the East. On the 5th of January, 1857, in Wood- stock, Vt., Mr. Estabrook was married to Emma W., daughter of Daniel and Rebekah (Dickerman) Tarbell. Their children are: Viola May and Athelia Gertrude. After his return to the East, Mr. Esta- brook engaged in various undertakings. He was a printer, a merchant, a postmaster under Lincoln, and was connected with the Vermont Central Railway at East Gran- ville. In 1863 he sold his real estate and moved with his parents to Lunenburg, where he has since been engaged in the more congenial and peaceful work upon a farm. In 1868 he accepted the office of school committee and has been interested in town affairs to the present time. In 1876 he was a representative in the state Legislature and served upon several committees, among others that of re-districting the State. In 1879 he wrote a brief history of Lunenburg for the Worcester County History. ESTES, DANA, son of Joseph and Ma- ria (Edwards) Estes, was born in Gorham, Cumberland county, Maine, March 4, 1840; removed to Augusta, Maine, in 1855, and to Boston, 1859. His early educational training was ob- tained in the public schools. At the be- ginning of the war of the rebellion he enlisted as private in the 13th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers ; was three times wounded at the battle of second Bull Run, August 31, 1862, in which battle his only brother, Albert S. Estes, was killed. Returning to Boston, he became the head of the publishing house of Estes & Lauriat, 1872 ; removed to Brookline, 1881; edited a series of volumes entitled “ Half Hour Recreations in Popular Science ;” compiled several volumes of juvenile and standard poetry, 1872-’74; became life member of the American Archeological Institute, 1882 ; Bostonian Society, 1883 ; American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, 1884; Boston Memorial Association, 1885 ; director of the latter, and first secretary of the Pine Tree State Club, 1886 to ’89 ; visited England, and was entertained by Lord Tennyson and Thomas Hughes, 1887; organized the International Copyright Association, and was its first secretary, November, 1887 ; brought from northern Italy a large collection of Paleo- Italian antiquities of great archeological value, 1888; was president of Brookline Club, 1888—’89 ; won the celebrated series of “Chatterbox” international trademark 206 EVANS. law-suits, 1884 to ’89, by which foreigners can acquire copyright in certain classes of books in America. Mr. Estes was first married at Newton, April 11, 1867, to Louisa S., daughter of Peter and Mary (Filgate) Reid, of England. Of this union were three children: Freder- ick Reid, Dana, Jr., and Philip Sydney Estes. His second marriage occurred November 10, 1884, with Grace D. (Coues) Page, daughter of Samuel E. and Char- lotte Haven (Ladd) Coues of Portsmouth, N. H. Mr. Estes is a lineal descendant in the eighth generation from Robert Estes, of Dover, England. Richard, the son of Robert, came to America in 1684, accord- ing to the record in the Bible now in pos- session of Mr, Estes. Benjamin, son of Richard, was born in Lynn, Mass., and died in Berwick, Maine, to which state he had removed at an uncertain date. This branch of the Estes family settled in Maine — Henry, son of Benjamin, born in Ber- wick ; Samuel, son of Henry, born in Port- land, and Robert, the grandfather of Dana, born in Windham, Me. Mr. Estes’ mother was the great grand- daughter of Hugh and Elizabeth McLel- lan, who came from Londonderry to Gor- ham, Me., in 1733. Hugh was a lineal descendant of Sir Hugh McLellan of Ar- gyle, Scotland. EVANS, ALONZO H., son of Robert and Sarah R. Evans, was born in Allens- town, Merrimack county, N. H., February 25, 1820. He received his early education in the common schools of his native town, and subsequently attended a private school in Boston. _ In 1836 he commenced business as clerk in a produce and grocery store in the New England metropolis, and in 1842 started in the same city the same line of business on his own account, which he carried on until 1850, when he changed his occupation to that of an exchange and specie broker. In the year 1854, he, with others, peti- tioned the Legislature of Massachusetts for a charter for ‘‘ The Boston Five Cents Savings Bank,” which bank was organized the same year. Mr. Evans was elected treasurer of this institution, which office he held until 1874, when he was chosen president, which position he still holds, The bank now has more than 100,000 depositors, and an amount on deposit exceeding $15,000,000, In 1874 and ’76 Mr. Evans represented the town of Everett in the Legislature of Massachusetts, being the first ‘representa- EVERETT. tive after the incorporation of the town, in obtaining the charter for which he had been very energetic. In 1889 he represented the 6th Middle- sex district in the state Senate, to which position he was elected by a large majority. He was married in 1844 in the city of Boston, to Sarah R., daughter of Daniel Hawkes. She died in 1870. Of this union were two children: Irving A. and Wilmot R. Evans. Mr. Evans was married again in 1879 to Caroline, daughter of Samuel S. Stowers of Revere. EVERETT, NOBLE WARREN, son of Noble and Mercy (Nye) Everett, was born in Wareham, Plymouth county, February 20, 1827. He received his early education in the public and private schools of Ware- ham. He afterwards attended Greenwich Academy, Rhode Island, and was several years at Wyoming Seminary, Wyoming Valley, Pa. He was one year a teacher in this seminary, and one year president of the Lackawanna Bible Society, Pa. He was twelve years a member of the Wyoming Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, filling some of the most important stations—among them being Central church, Wilkes Barre, and Adams Avenue church, Scranton. When the civil war broke out he was preaching at Hyde Park, now a part of the last named city, and throughout that terrible struggle, labored with great earnestness, both in the pulpit and on the platform, for the Union. After preaching seven years he was offered the office of presiding elder, but declined it, preferring the work of pastor. In 1878 Mr. Everett was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature from the 6th Plymouth district, and again in 1882. He served on the committee on education, and was appointed House chair- man of said committee. In the last named year a bill was passed abolishing the old school district system in this State, and, in the opinion of those competent to judge, Mr. Everett did more than any other mem- ber towards effecting that result, being possessed of ample qualifications, in the vigorous grasp, graceful presentation and eloquent advocacy of that, as in all matters in which he takes an interest. During the last eight years he has served on the Wareham school board, most of the time as chairman. After he became a voter, he associated himself with the Free Soil party, and acted with it until it was merged in the Republican party, having been an ardent Republican ever since. He FARMER. has written some history and biography, and delivered several historical addresses. Mr. Everett came from good ancestral stock. His paternal grandfather was a chaplain in the revolutionary army, and for nearly forty years pastor of the Con- gregational church in Wareham. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and highly esteemed by his fellow-towns- mien. FARMER, MOSES’ GERRISH, eldest child of Colonel John and Sally (Gerrish) Farmer, was born in Boscawen, Merri- mack county, N. H., February 9, 1820. He is a lineal ‘descendant of Edward Farmer, who emigrated from Ancely, War- wickshire, England, and settled in Bil- lerica about 1670. He attended the dis- trict school in Bashan, the academy on Boscawen Plains, Phillips Academy, An- dover, and entered Dartmouth College in 1840, but was obliged to leave during his third year on account of ill health, The degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by the faculty of Dartmouth in 1853. He taught the academy in Eliot, Maine, where he was married, December 25, 1844, to Hannah Tobey, daughter of Richard and Olive (Tobey) Shapleigh, of Berwick, Maine, and later taught the Bel- knap school in Dover, N. H. In 1847 he gave up teaching and turned his attention wholly to scientific pursuits. In 1847 he constructed a small electro- magnetic locomotive and railway, which he exhibited in various towns, lecturing upon the subject of electro-magnetism. In December, 1847, he opened a telegraph office in South Framingham, and while there invented his first fire alarm appa- ratus. He exhibited this in Boston in 1849. Two years later he became acquainted with Dr. W. F. Channing, and in connec- tion with him he brought to perfection and put into operation the system of fire alarm telegraph now in universal use. The office in Boston was opened April 28, 1852, and Mr. Farmer remained its superintendent until 1855. Between 1852 and 1855 he devised and constructed an apparatus for transmitting four messages simultaneously over a single wire. He was the first to suggest the use of the continuity-preserving key in the duplex telegraph. FARMER. 207 Mr. Everett was first married at Fall River, to Abby Ann H., daughter of Nicholas H. and Sophia Antoinette (Tis- dale) Sherman. ‘There was no issue by this marriage. His second marriage was in Wareham, with Hattie J., daughter of Leander I. and Harriet (Gibbs) Packard. Of this union were two children : War- ren Irving (deceased) and Juliet Chester Everett. In 1855, as a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, he read a paper on multiplex teleg- raphy. In 1856 he perfected the double transmitter with reversed currents and constant resistance. In 1859 he invented an automatic regu- lator for controlling the distribution of electricity to numerous electric lamps, and began investigating the production of light MOSES G, FARMER. by electricity, which investigations have never been relinquished. He invented an automatic regulator by which the light can be kept at a uniform intensity for any length of time. In 1859 he lighted his own house in Salem by elec- 208 FARNHAM. tricity —the first house on record ever so lighted. Between 1864 and ’68 he perfected a thermo-electric battery, and in 1868 con- structed the largest one ever built, to be used for the deposition of copper upon steel in the production of the American compound telegraph wire—a joint in- vention of Messrs. Farmer and Milliken, Mr. Farmer claims to have been the first to construct a magneto-electric machine in which the field was sustained by the current derived from its own armature. He made valuable improvements in the construction of dynamo-electric machines for firing torpedoes, now supplied to every ship in our navy. In October, 1872, he accepted the posi- tion of electrician at the U.S. N. Torpedo Station, Newport, R. I., which position he held until September, 1881, when failing health compelled him to tender his resignation. He still pursues his in- vestigations, aided by a skilled assistant. As an electrical expert he stands among the foremost. In all works and laws of nature he sees a divine mind, and with him religion and science go hand in hand. He has had two children: a daughter, Sarah Jane, who is still living, and a valu- able assistant to her father in his scientific work. His son died in infancy. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; fellow of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science ; member of the Institute of Tech- nology, of the Essex Institute, of the American Society of Mechanical Engi- neers, of the American Institute of Elec- trical Engineers, and of the English Insti- tution of Electrical Engineers. FARNHAM, LUTHER, son of Ephraim and Sarah (Brown) Farnham, was born in Concord, Merrimack county, N. H., February 5, 1816—the youngest of nine children. His early education was public school and academic. Having fitted for college in Meriden, N. H., he entered Dartmouth and was graduated in the class of 1837. After graduation he taught school as prin- cipal of Limerick Academy, Me., and as assistant at Pembroke .\cademy, N. H. He then entered the theological seminary at Andover, from which he was graduated in 1841; licensed to preach by the Hop- kinton Association the same year; after two years was ordained and called to the Congregational church, Northfield, Novem- ber 20, 1844. FARNHAM. Mr, Farnham was married in Northfield, June 23, 1845, to Eugenia Alexander, daughter of Levi and Lucretia (Scott) Fay. During the year he resigned his pastorate and removed to Boston, where, in 1846, was born his son, Francis Edward Farnham. Since the latter date he has been called to the pastorate of churches in various parts of the State, several of which he has served, such as the Congregational churches in Concord, Plymouth, Marsh- field (where Daniel Webster was a parish- ioner), New Bedford, Gloucester, and Ever- ett. He has done much preaching at large in the interests of the Southern Aid So- ciety, for the assistance of feeble churches among the poor whites and blacks of the South. He was a_ secretary of this society 1854 to ’60. He has spoken for, and aided by his labors, the General Theo- logical Library, Boston, of which he may be called one of the founders. He has been its only secretary and librarian for twenty-seven years, and has raised one hundred thousand dollars to place it upon a partial financial basis. By his suggestion was established the Dartmouth College Alumni Association of Boston, the earliest of the kind in this country, also the Kim- ball Union Academy Association, of which he is one of the vice-presidents. In the winter of 1888—’89 he assisted in the organization of the Boston Association in aid of the Texas Home for Disabled Soldiers, and was elected a vice-president. His life has been a busy one, and be- sides his local cares he has been obliged to travel extensively to fulfill his profes- sional duties in connection with these socie- ties. In the early history of the New Eng- land Historic Genealogical Society, he held the office of librarian for several years, and was very active in promoting its interests. In 1855 he published a small volume entitled “A Glance at Private Libraries ;"’ ° a notable Thanksgiving sermon delivered by him in the First Congregational church in West Newbury. In 1876 he published a volume of the “ Documental History of the General Theological Library,” which was sent to the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. ‘The History of the Hor- ticultural Society,” published a few years ago, was largely his work, also that of the Handel and Haydn Society, not yet pub- lished. Another volume in preparation isthe “Documentary History and Proceedings of the General Theological Library”’ for the last twelve years. He was Boston cor- FAXON, respondent for the “Journal of Com- merce,” New York, many years previous to 1860 ; assistant editor of the “ Christian Alliance,” and of the ‘Massachusetts Ploughman ;” a writer for the “Puritan Recorder,” Boston, and the “New York Observer,” “ Boston Post,” “ Hunt's Maga- zine” and many other periodicals. He also prepared for “Gleason's Pictorial Newspaper’ historical and biographical sketches of the leading churches in Bos- ton, together with their pastors. Mr. Farn- ham’s pen has been a fertile one, and he is still active in public service. FAXON, HENRY HARDWICK, son of Job and Judith B. (Hardwick) Faxon, was born in Quincy, Norfolk county, Septem- ber 28, 1823. ; He is a descendant in the eighth genera- tion of Thomas Faxon, who came with his family from England previous to 1647, and settled in that part of the ancient town of Braintree which is now Quincy. His early education was received in the common schools of his native town. He passed his youth on his father’s farm until sixteen years of age, when he was appren- ticed to a shoe-maker. In 1843, in company with his brother John, he began manufacturing boots and shoes. About 1846 he changed his busi- ness to that of grocer and provision mer- chant in Quincy, conducting the same for about seven years, the last three years carrying on a bakery also. The bounds of this business becoming too narrow for one of his active temperament, he changed his base of operations to Boston, becoming a wholesale and retail grocer, the firm name being at first Faxon, Wood & Co., and subsequently Faxon Bros. & Co. Re- tiring from the firm in 1861, he made suc- cessful ventures in various kinds of mer- chandise, but finally devoted his business energies to dealing in real estate, in which he accumulated the bulk of his fortune. During these years Mr. Faxon was not a total abstainer, and had made some speculative transactions in liquors ; but at the time he first represented his town in the Legislature he was appointed a mem- ber of the committee on the liquor law and there became interested in the temperance question. He has ever since been a pro- hibitionist, intense in feeling and active in prosecution. It has been his aim to accom- plish temperance legislation through the Republican party rather than outside of it, although induced in 1884 to run on the Prohibitory ticket for lieutenant-governor. He has had the satisfaction of seeing FAY. 209 Quincy rid of dram-shops during the past eight years, in which time he has had the responsibility of enforcing the laws regu- lating the sale of intoxicating liquors. Mr. Faxon was married, November 18, 1852, in Quincy, to Mary B., daughter of HENRY H, FAXON. Israel W. and Priscilla L. (Burbank) Mun- roe. Mrs. Faxon died September 6, 188s, leaving one son, Henry Munroe Faxon, now in his twenty-sixth year. Mr. Faxon was elected to the General Court in 1864 and again in 1871. He was a police officer in Quincy from 1881 to ’86, inclusive, and was re-appointed to the latter position by Mayor Porter in 1889, in the first year of Quincy’s new era as a city. His church connections are with the Unitarian society. FAY, FRANK B., son of Francis B. and Nancy (Brigham) Fay, was born in Southborough, Worcester county, January 24, 1821. His father, Colonel Francis 1. Fay, moved to Boston in 1831, and to Chelsea in 1834. His early educational training was re- ceived in Salem Street Academy, Boston, and at academies in Framingham, Marl- borough, Hadley, and Westfield. He began his business career in the western produce commission business, firm of Fay & Farwells, subsequently Fay & 210 FAY. Co. He was afterwards special partner in several manufacturing firms. But it is not as a manufacturer or busi- ness financier that Mr. Fay is best known to the country, but as a philanthropist in the broadest interpretation of the term. He was a member of the Chelsea school board in 1856, chairman of the overseers of the poor from 1878 to the present time ; member of the first common council, 1857; president of that body, 1859; mayor of Chelsea, 1861, 62, and ’63, and known as the “War Mayor.” During the war, until its close, he spent much of his time at the front, caring for the sick and wounded ; was present immediately after first and second Bull Run, evacuation of Yorktown, seven days’ fight, Antietam, Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Cold Harbor, ‘““The Wilderness,” and in front of Petersburg until it was evacuated, en- tering the city the same day. He was also in 1863 on Folly and Morris islands, S. C., when Gilmore was shelling Fort Sumter. In 1864, at his suggestion, the Sanitary Commission organized the “ Aux- iliary Relief Corps,’ and he was made chief. During that year probably one hundred thousand sick and wounded men came under the care of the corps. He resigned the position in January, 1865, but continued as an independent worker, as he had been previous to 1864, completing his work at Richmond in June of that year. Probably no other Massachusetts civilian spent as much time at the front in similar service, paying his own expenses and receiving no compensation for any of his army work—while his salary as mayor was only four hundred dollars per an- num. Mr. Reed, in “Hospital Life in the Army of the Potomac,” says: “Of the labors of Mr. Fay, it would be hard to speak in terms of too much praise. I prefer rather to let the memory of all his wise and gentle ministries, his kindly and self-forgetting services, be kept fresh in one more heart, of all the thousands who have had such good reasons for treasuring it.’ . . . “ Mayor Fay was known in every division and brigade of the Army of the Potomac.” “With characteristic fore- sight, he was always prepared and was early upon the field of battle with his stores ; and with allthe blessed appliances of healing, moved among the wounded, soothing the helpless, suffering and bleed- ing men parched with fever, crazed with thirst, or lying neglected in the agonies of death.” FAY. Mr. Fay was a member of the Massachu- setts Allotment Commission for receiving soldiers’ wages, which sent home nearly three million dollars; also the United States Allotment Commission for colored troops. He delivered the first Decoration Day address in Chelsea in 1868 ; was chairman of the soldiers’ monument committee and delivered the address at its dedication, 1869. He was chairman of the trustees of the “Patriotic Fund ;’”’ was one of the trustees of the “ Massachusetts Soldiers’ Fund,” of which Robert C. Winthrop was chairman, and of the “ Governor Andrew Fund” for FRANK B. FAY. relief of soldiers’ families — both of these continuing some years after the war. He was an officer in the “ Soldiers’ Memorial Society,” and is now an honorary member of the “First Massachusetts Regiment Association,” and a companion of the “Loyal Legion.” In 1866-67 he was an officer of “ Boston Station House” for the relief of homeless men and women, In 1849, as president of the ‘ Prisoners’ Friend Association,” he drew and presented the first petition to the Legislature, which resulted in the establishment of the ‘‘ State Industrial School for Girls.” His father was trustee and treasurer, serving until 1865, when Mr. Fay was appointed, serv- FAY. ing till 1879, when he declined further ser- vice. He has always been interested in efforts to abolish capital punishment. in this and other states. Mr. Fay represented his city in the lower branch of the Legislature in 18573; was state senator in 1867; in both branches serving on committee on prisons, writing the report, and a special report against the use of the lash in the state prison. In the Senate he was chairman of committees on public lands, and education of deaf mutes, also on committee on license law. Originally a Whig, he was an active worker till he joined the Republican party, and continued his activity therein, as president of the Fremont Club and other political organizations — being delegate to city, county, district and state conventions. He was delegate to the national Repub- lican convention at Baltimore in 1864, which nominated President Lincoln, and was Massachusetts elector in 1868; was executive officer of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1869 to'77 ; general agent of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, from May, 1880, to the present time ; chairman of civil service commissioners for Chelsea; an officer in the Chelsea Savings Bank since its estab- lishment ; and president of “Old Ladies’ Home Association.” He was selected as the first collector of internal revenue for Boston district, when that office was estab- lished in 1862, but declined to accept. Mr. Fay was married in St. Albans, Vt., October 14, 1845, to Rebekah L., daughter of William and Lucretia W. (Hazeltyne) Bridges. Of this union were three chil- dren: Norman W. (deceased), Harry F., and Sybil C., wife of J. W. Clark, Jr., New York. FAY, JAMES MONROE, son of Warren and Jane D. (Bell) Fay, was born in Ches- ter, Hampden county, March 23, 1847. His early educational training was in the public schools of his native place. His academic studies were pursued in Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham. He studied medi- cine with Wm. O. Bell, was graduated from Vermont University in the class of 1875, and began the practice of medicine in Cole- brook, Conn., 1870. In 1873 he removed to his native town and practiced medicine there until 1881, when he settled in North- ampton, where he still remains in practice. He is one of the attending physicians in the Dickinson Hospital, Northampton. Dr. Fay was first married in Northamp- ton, May 10, 1872, to Harriette, daughter FESSENDEN. 211 of James and Hannah (Hackett) Forsyth, who died February 8, 1886. His second marriage occurred in Hatfield, March 23, 1887, with Mary L., daughter of Elisha and Cordelia (Randall) Hubbard. He has two children: Clara E. and Grace L. Fay. Dr. Fay was elected a member of the board of health of the city of Northamp- ton, 1887, for three years, and now holds the position of chairman of the same. He is also the city physician, to which office he was chosen in 1888 and ’89. He was member of the school board in Colebrook, and subsequently superintendent of schools at Chester for six consecutive years. PAY, JOHN S., son of S. Chandler and Nancy (Warren) Fay, was born in Berlin, Worcester county, January 15, 1840. He obtained his education in the public schools of Marlborough, and at the Commercial College in Worcester. When twenty-one years old, at the out- break of the civil war, he enlisted as a private in company F, 13th Massachusetts infantry. He was with the army continu- ally, in all of the marches and engagements of his regiment, till April 30, 1863, when, in an action near Fredericksburg, Va., he received a wound from a shell which neces- sitated the amputation of his right arm and right leg. While in the field hospital he was taken prisoner and confined in Libby prison fora month. He did not succeed in reach- ing his home until October — the most mu- tilated and crippled of all who survived of the eight hundred and thirty-one who enlisted for the war from the old town of Marlborough. In 1865 Mr. Fay was appointed postmas- ter of Marlborough, by President Johnson, and by successive appointments has held the position ever since. He has been an active Grand Army man, and has held many offices in Post 43, which he aided to organize. He is also a prominent Odd Fellow and a member of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. November 20, 1869, Mr. Fay married Lizzie Ingalls, daughter of James M. and Elizabeth (Pratt) Ingalls, of Marlborough. Their only child is Frederic H. Fay. FESSENDEN, ANSON DARWIN, son of Benjamin and Betsey (Stevens) Fessenden, was born in Townsend, Middlesex county, February 18, 1839. He was educated at the public schools, Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, and Union College. His intention of completing a liberal education at college was diverted by the outbreak of the civil war. 212 FESSENDEN. He enlisted in the army, and served in the department of the Gulf as 1st lieu- tenant and captain of company D, 53d ANSON D. FESSENDEN. regiment, Massachusetts volunteers. He was a brave and efficient officer, winning the confidence of his men and the appro- bation of his superior officers. At twenty-five years of age he began the cooperage business with his father, under the firm name of B. & A. D. Fessen- den, at Townsend. Their business grew and developed into the establishment of branch houses as follows : 1873, Fessenden & Lowell, Reed’s Ferry, N. H.; 1879, Kilbourn & Co., Sandusky, O. ; 1884, Silas Kilbourn & Co., Grand Haven, Mich. ; 1886, Annis & Co., Londonderry, N. H. ; 1887, Kilbourn & Co., San Francisco, Cal. Mr. Fessenden was married in Town- send, December 6, 1865, to Thirza A,, daughter of Calvin and Thirza (Pierce) Boutelle. Of this union are four children : Alfred N., Florence Bertha, Marion B., and Robert G. Fessenden. Mr. Fessenden has ever been interested in the growth and prosperity of his native town, and on a broader plane is alive to political movements that affect the vital interests of the State. Besides serving his town in various minor offices, and taking FIELD. his share of the burdens and responsibili- ties of religious, benevolent and various society offices, he was elected as a Re- publican to the House of Representatives, in 1865, and was subsequently a member of the state Senate, 1880 and ’81, serving as chairman of the committees on labor, Hoosac Tunnel and Troy & Greenfield Railroad, and as a member of the com- mittee on taxation and military affairs. FIELD, LUCIUS, son of Moses and Catharine Swan (Alexander) Field, was born in Northfield, Franklin county, Au- gust 15, 184o. He obtained his education in the com- mon schools and high school of North- field. His first connection in business was with Hon. E. Brinhall, Clinton, as E. Brinhall & Co., January 1, 1867; then Field & Saw- yer, 1872 to 78; Lucius Field & Co., 1878 to 89, David Dias and Walter V. Benedict being admitted as partners. Mr. Field was married in Clinton, Au- gust 14, 1862, to Annie S., daughter of Sarah P. Harrington. His second mar- riage, November 17, 1875, was with Mary A., daughter of George L. and Mary J. LUCIUS FIELD. Wilmarth, of Taunton. He has four chil- dren: Mary Althea, Catharine S., Annie F. and Leslie W. Field. FIELD. Mr. Field was assessor in 1869; town clerk, 1873 to 77, inclusive ; and represent- ative to the General Court, 1878 and ’82. He was commissary-sergeant, 36th regi- ment, Massachusetts volunteers, October 15, 1863; made quartermaster-sergeant, February 19, 1864; 2d lieutenant, Novem- ber 1, 1864, and 1st lieutenant, November 13, 1864. Mr. Field is vice-president of the Clinton board of trade, and member of the pru- dential committee of the First Baptist church. He was coroner from 1865 until the law was changed requiring a medical examiner. He is past high priest, Clinton R. A.Chap- ter, past grand king, grand R. A. Chap- ter of Massachusetts, past commander of Post 64, G. A. R., and treasurer of Clinton Lancaster Driving Park Association, and at present treasurer of the town. FIELD, WALBRIDGE ABNER, son of Abner and Louisa (Griswold) Field, was born in Springfield, Windsor county, Vt., April 26, 1833. His father was a descend- ant of the Fields of Rhode Island, and his mother’s ancestors were from Connecticut. Mr. Field was educated at private schools and academies until fitted for college, when he entered Dartmouth and graduated in the class of 1855. He was tutor in the college in 1856 and ’57, and again in 185y. He studied law in Boston with Harvey Jewell and at the Harvard law school; was admitted to the bar in Boston in 1860, and began practice with Mr. Jewell. In 1865 he was appointed assistant United States attorney for Mas- sachusetts under Richard H. Dana, and remained with him and with George S. Hillard till 1869, when he was appointed by President Grant assistant attorney-gen- eral of the United States. This office he resigned in August, 1870, and became a partner with Mr. Jewell and William Gas- ton, under the firm name of Jewell, Gaston & Field, and after Mr. Gaston became governor of Massachusetts, Edward O. Shepard was taken into the partnership, and the firm name became Jewell, Field & Shepard, and so remained until Mr. Field became associate justice of the supreme judicial court in February, 1881. Judge Field was a member of the Boston school board in 1863 and ’64, and of the common council in 1865, 66 and 67. In 1876 he was declared elected to the House of Representatives of the 45th Congress of the United States from the 3d district of Massachusetts, but his seat was contested, and after about a year’s service he was FISHER. 213 unseated. He was again a candidate for the House of Representatives, was re-elec- ted, and taking his seat in the 46th Congress, served without contest. Judge Field was married in 1869, to Eliza E. McLoon, who died in March, 1877, and by whom he has two daughters : Eleanor Louise and Elizabeth Lenthal. In October, 1882, Judge Field was married to Frances E., daughter of the Hon. Nathan A. Fatwell of Rockland, Maine. FISHER, HENRY NOAH, son of Noah and Esther (Page) Fisher, was born in Barton, Orleans county, Vermont, June 5, 1842. His father’s family moved to Nashua, N. H., when he was an infant, and his early education was obtained in the com- mon schools of that city. His father died while he was yet young, and Mr. Fisher was obliged to relinquish the pursuit of knowledge, and seek an entrance into mer- cantile life. He commenced asa clerk in a grocery store in Nashua, and in 1859 came to Waltham, seeking employment in the fac- tory of the American Watch Company. He obtained a position as a boy, and by his diligent application, and an earnest desire to become thoroughly proficient in his trade, gradually rose from one position to another, until he finally came to have the entire charge of one of the most im- portant departments in that concern. This place is where he is now to be found when he is not engaged with the important mul- tiform duties of the high office to which his fellow-citizens have of late years repeat- edly called him. Mr. Fisher was unable to resist the patriotic call for men at the front, and in July, 1862, he enlisted in company D, 35th Massachusetts regiment, and_partici- pated in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. On the 17th of September, 1862, he was wounded at Antietam, his right shoulder being fractured by a shell. He was confined to the hospital for some six months, and being finally compelled to return home in consequence of his wound, on March 4, 1863, received an honorable discharge. Mr. Fisher is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity, and has held high and important offices in that institution. He is past master of the Isaac Parker Lodge, F. & A. M,, of Waltham; past high priest Waltham Royal Arch Chapter ; a member of the DeMolay Commandery k. T., of Boston, and of the Massachusetts Consis- tory, 32d degree, Aleppo Temple, an order 214 FISHER. of the Mystic Shrine. He is past com- mander F. P. H. Rogers Post 29, G. A. R., Waltham. He is a member of the Central, and vice-president of the Middlesex clubs, both of Boston. At the recent incorporation of the old town of Waltham under a city charter, Mr. Fisher served as a member of the first board of aldermen, and was elected presi- dent of the board. 6 Lyn. 6th JOSEPH M. BRADLEY, . Andover. ist Middlesex—JAMES F, DwWINELL, Winchester. 2d ae Henry J. HosMER, Concord. 3d . FREEMAN Hunt, Cambridge. 4th ue Wm. N. DAVENPORT, Marlborough, 5th me MosEs P. PALMER, Groton, 6th Me ALoNzOo H. Evans, Everett. 7h s EDWARD M. TUCKE, Lowell. ist Worcester—HENRY L. PARKER, Worcester. ad ve Lucius FIELD, . Clinton. 3d a CHARLES HaGGERTY, . Southbridge. 4th a ALFRED S, PINKERTON, Worcester. Worc, and Hamps.—Cuas, E. STEVENS, Ware. ist Hampden—EpwiIn D. METCALF, Springfield. ad . Oscar ELy, Holyoke. Franklin—EDWIN BAKER, Shelburne. Berkshire—OLIVER W, ROBBINS, . . Pittsfield. Berk. and Hamps.—A. S. Fassett, Great Barrington. Abington. 1890. ! 3d “ North Adams. ist Norfolk—WILLARD F. GLEASON, Holbrook. 2d % GEO. MAKEPEACE TOWLE, Brookline. ist Plymouth—HrIram A. OAKMAN, Marshfield. 2d aS James H. HaRLow, Middleborough. 1st Bristol—CYRuS SAVAGE, . . Taunton, Fall River. New Bedford. Dennis. 2d ue ROBERT HOWARD, THomas W. Cook, Cape—DaviD FISKE, Hewry D. CootincE, Clerk of the Senate. WILLIAM H. SANGER, Assistant Clerk. EDMUND Dowse, Chaplain. Joun G. B, Abas, Sergeant-at-Arms. REPRESENTATIVES. ist Suffolk—Boston, W'd 4, FREDERICK B. Day. JOSEPH B, MACCABE. PATRICK J, KENNEDY. THomas O. MCENANEY. . J. HOMER EDGERLY. MICHAEL J. MITCHELL. \VINFIELD F, PRIME, IRA A, WorTH. EDWARD W. PRESHO. GEORGE N. SWALLow. JOHN F, GILLESPIE. RICHARD M. BARRY. PATRICK CANNON, DANIEL MCLAUGHLIN. Joun H, SULLIVAN. JosepH P, LOMASNEY. FRANK MoRISON. ANDREW B, LATTIMORE. toth Suffolk—Boston, W'd 10, NATHANIEL W. Lapp. EDWARD SULLIVAN, Geo. P. SANGER, Jr. . FRANK E. WINSLOW. JAMES B. Hayes. JAMES J. BURKE 13th Suffolk—Boston, W’d 13, MICHAEL J. MOORE. JEREMIAH J. MCNAMARA. 14th Suffolk—Boston, W'd 14, ROBERT F, MEANS. GEORGE H. Bonp. WiULLIAM S. McNary. Joun B, Lyncu. 16th Suffolk—Boston, W’d 16, . JEREMIAH DESMOND. EVERETT ALLEN Davis 17th Suffolk—Boston, W’d 17, RoBERT H. Bowman. ALPHEUS SANFORD, JOHN ALBREE. AUGUSTUS G. PERKINS. WILLIS R, Russ Lewis G. GROSSMAN. zoth Suffolk—Boston, W’d 20, MICH'L J. MCETTRICK. Joun H. McDonouGu. 2ist Suffolk—Boston, W’d 21, HENRY S. DEWEY. FRANCIS W. KITTREDGE. 22d Suffolk—Boston, W’d 22, . JoHN E. HESLAN. 23d Suffolk—Boston, W'd 23, PELATIAH R, TRIPP, WILLIAM G, BAKER. 24th Suffolk—Boston, W’d 24, . HENRY P, OAKMAN. Tuomas W. BICKNELL. 25th Suffolk—Boston, W’d 25, . JAMES W. HaRVeEy. 26th Suffolk—Chelsea, ( FRANKLIN O, BARNES. W’ds 1, 2,3, | . Davip E. GouLp. 2d Suffolk—Boston, W’d 2, 3d Suffolk—Boston, W’d 3, 4th Suffolk—Boston, W'd 4, 5th Suffolk— Boston, W’d 5, 6th Suffolk—Boston, W’d 6, 7th Suffolk—Boston, W'd 7, 8th Suffolk—Boston, W’d 8, gth Suffolk —Boston, W'd 9, 11th Suffolk—Boston, W’'d 11, 12th Suffolk—Boston, W'd 12, 15th Suffolk—Boston, W'd 15, 18th Suffolk—Boston, W’d 18, 1gth Suffolk — Boston, W’d 19, [Copyright, 1890.] ROSTER OF THE 690 27th Suffolk—Chelsea, W'd 4, WILLARD HOWLAND. Revere, WARREN FENNO. Winthrop. 1st Essex—Salisbury. Amesbury, H. G. LESLieg. Merrimac, HERBERT O, DELANO. West Newbury. 2d Essex—Haverhill, Wd’s {| HrNRY H. JOHNSON. 1; 2) 4; 6, 4 J, OTIS WARDWELL. 3d Essex—Haverhill, Wd's 35 5h MarTIN L. STOVER. Methuen, WILLIAM R, ROWELL. Bradford. 4th Essex—Lawrence, W'ds \ JOHN O'BRIEN. Tye 2, By, ; JOHN F. Howarp. 5th Essex—Lawrence, Wd's, RICHARD A, CARTER. 456s 1 JoHN H. HuLForp. 6th Essex—Andover, . CHARLES GREENE. North Andover. 7th Essex—Groveland. Georgetown. Boxford, Topsfield. 8th Essex—Newburyport, W'ds 1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, ARTHUR C, RICHARDSON. JOHN PARKHURST. Newbury, . LUTHER Dame. oth Essex—Rowley. Ipswich, . FRANK T. GOODHUE. Hamilton. Wenham. zoth Essex—Gloucester, EDGAR S. TaFT. WWids 05.3). Epes Davis. 5, 5, 73 8} Isaac N, STory. Essex. Manchester. zith Essex—Gloucester, W'd 2, Rockport, JAMES S. WALLACE. WiLLiamM D, SOHTER. i3th Essex—Salem, W’ds1, 2, Benj. P. PICKERING. iq4th Essex—Salem, W'ds 3, 5, WuILLIAM E. MEADE. 15th Essex—-Salem, W’ds 4, 6, WILLIAM H. STEARNS. 16th Essex—- Marblehead, . BENJAMIN Day. 17th Essex—Swampscott. t2ath Essex—Beverly, Lynn, W’ds 2, 3, /* JOHN J. SALTER. ” 3 i Epwin A. Tisperts. s CHARLES H. Baker. i Evinu B. Hayes. 18th Essex—I.ynn, W'd 4, Nahant. roth Essex—Lynn, W'ds 1, 5, § Joun MACFARLANE. ( RvUFuS KIMBALL. Lynnfield. goth Essex—Lyun, W"ds 6, 7 z Lancpon H. Hotwnn. ALONZO PENNEY, Saugus. 21st Essex—Peabody, 22d Essex—Danvers, Middleton. ist Middlesex—Cambridge, ( STEPHEN S. LIrrLEFieLn, ROBERT Kk. SEARS. Oris S. Brown. W'ds 1,5, | Wittiam B, DURANT, 2d Middlesex—Cambridge, \ Horace E Crayron, Warde, 4 ANDREW J. Rapy. 3d Middlesex—Cambridge, Wd 3, Joun W. Covenry, 4th Middlesex—Cambridge, | FRANK W. DALLINGER. Ward 4, CnHas. W. 5th Middlesex—Somerville, W'd 1, 6th Middlesex—Somerville, W'd 2, qth Middlesex—Somerville, j W'ds 3, 4, ) FREDERICK M. KILMER, 8th Middlesex—Medford, oth Middlesex—Malden, W'ds ( 1,2, 3,4, 5,6, | HENDERSON, Josnua H, Davis, F. H. Raymonp. J. Henry Norcross, H. E. Turwer, Jr. Tomas E, BARKER. COMMONWEALTH. 1oth Middlesex—E verett, 7 11th Middlesex—Melrose, WiuILLIAM E. BARRETT, rath Middiesex—Gtoneham, . Myron J. FErRrIn, 13th Middlesex—Wakefield, WILLIAM S. GREENOUGIIL, 14th Middlesex—Woburn, Coe pe Pe Meeeaeed), CHARLIE A, JonEs, JOuN S. Cate. eseinee. 15th Middlesex—Arlington, Winchester. 16th Middlesex—Watertown. Belmont, . 17th Middlesex—Newton, Wards | 1,2,3,4)5,0,7, | 18th Middlesex—Waltham, W'ds ( 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, | Weston. 19th Middlesex—Lexington. Lincoln, Concord. Bedford. Burlington. zoth Middlesex—Chelmsford, Billerica. Tewksbury. Wilmington. North Reading. 2tst Middlesex—Lowell, W'd 1, 22d Middlesex—Lowell, W’d 2, 23d Middlesex—Lowell, W'd 3, 24th Middlesex—Lowell, W'ds ( Witiiam H. H. Turtte. J. HENRY FLETCHER, G. D. GiLman. F. J. RaNLetr, HEnry S. MILTon, CHARLES Moore, CHARLES S. WHEELER, CHARLES W, FLint. MICHAEL J. GARVEY, DANIEL H. VARNuM. OWEN M. Dononor. CHARLES E. CARTER, aK ( CHARLES H. Hanson, Dracut, THomas H. CONNELL. Tyngsborough. 25th Middlesex—Lowell, Ward 6, RICHARD B. ALLEN, 26th Middlesex—Natick, FRANK B. TILTon. 27th Middlesex—Hopkinton, ALONZO CoBURN, Ashland. 28th Middlesex—Holliston. Sherborn. Framingham, Wayland, 29th Middlesex—Marlborough, Hudson, Sudbury. goth Middlesex—Maynard. Stow. Boxborough. Littleton. Acton, Carlisle. gist Middlesex—Westford. Groton. Pepperell, Dunstable, . 32d Middlesex—Ayer. Shirley. Townsend, CHARLES F, WORCESTER. Ashby. ist Worcester—Athol. Royalston, Phillipston, 2d Worcester— Gardner, . Winchendon, Templeton, Ashburnham, 3d Worcester— Barre. Dana. Petersham, Hardwick. Rutland, James L. Bropny. CHARLES H. Boopry. FRANCIS C. CURTIS. HERMON C, TOWER. AARON C, HANDLEY. JAMES M. SWaLow. C. WaLpo BatTEs. GEORGE KENDALL, MORTON E, CONVERSE. WALTER A. WHEELER. ROSTER OF THE COMMONWEALTH. 691 4th Worcester— Westminster. Hubbardston. Princeton, Holden. Paxton. 5th Worcester—Brookfield. N. Brookfield. W. Brookfield. New Braintree, Oakham, . Sturbridge. Warren. 6th Worcester—Spencer, Leicester. 7th Worcester—Charlton, . Dudley. Southbridge. 8th Worcester—W ebster. Oxford. Auburn, gth Worcester— Douglas. Millbury, Sutton. 1oth Worcester—U xbridge, Northbridge. Upton. 11th Worcester—Blackstone. Mendon, . Milford, Hopedale. rath Worcester—Westborough, JoHN W. FaIRBANKS, Northborough. Southborough. Berlin, Shrewsbury. Grafton. 13th Worcester— Boylston. Bolton. West Boylston. Clinton, Harvard, Lancaster. Sterling. 14th Worcester—Leominster, Lunenburg. 15th Worcester—Fitchburg, W'ds } JOHN W. KIMBALL. M. J. MuRRay. H. C. WHEATON. Wm. H. RICE. E. M. Moriarty. PETER A. CONLIN. PaTRICK J. QUINN. F. B. WHITE. Wm. B. SPROUT. E. B. GLascow. A. G. HILL. { H. A. KIMBALL. T, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6, | 16th Worcester—W orcester, W'd 1, 17th Worcester— Worcester, W'd 2, 18th Worcester— Worcester, W'd 3, igth Worcester— Worcester, W’d 4, 2oth Worcester—W orcester, W'd 5, 21st Worcester—Worcester, W'd 6, . 22d Worcester—Worcester,W'd 7, . 23d Worcester—Worcester, W’'d 8, . ist Hampshire—Northampton, W'ds | 1,2, 3,4, 5) 6 75 Easthampton. Southampton. 2d Hampshire—Chesterfield, Cummington. Goshen. Huntington. Middlefield. Plainfield. Westhampton. Worthington. 3d Hampshire—Hatfield, Hadley. South Hadley. Williamsburg. Moses C. Goopnow. GEORGE K. Turts. JESSE ALLEN. Louis E. P. MOREAU. Lewis C. PRINDLE. RICHARD H. WARREN. NaTHAN H. SEARS. JAMES M. FaRNuUM. JAMES QUIGLEY, GEORGE P. COOKE. LyMAN MORSE. W. E. PARKHURST. STANLEY B. HILDRETH. HENRY COOK, TaLcoTT BANCROFT. ROSWELL BILLINGS. 4th Hampshire—Amherst. Belchertown. Granby, . 5th Hampshire—Enfield, . Greenwich. Pelham. Prescott. Ware. ist Hampden—Chester. Blandford. Tolland. Granville. Southwick, Agawam. 2d Hampden—Montgomery. Russell. Westfield, CHESTER KELLOGG. LYSANDER THURSTON. DwicuT H. HOLLIsTeER. \ . OREN B, PARKS. ' Ropert B. CRANE. W. Springfield. 3d Hampden—Holyoke, Wards 153 Os Fir) a8 JoHN HILDRETH. 4th Hampden—Holyoke, Wards I, 2, 3,4,. WILLIAM P, BUCKLEY. 5th Hampden—Chicopee, GEORGE D. ELDREDGE. 6th Hampden—Springfield, W'ds | Gro. W. MILLER. 1, 4, 8, (| Hiram B. Lane. 7th Hampden—Springfield, W'd 5, JOHN MCFETHRIES. 8th Speci aaa Cat or a H. BUCKHOLZ. 2, 3, 6, 7, C. H. BENNETT. oth Hampden—Longmeadow. Hampden. Wilbraham. Monson, Wales. soth Hampden—Ludlow. Palmer, Brimfield. Holland. 1st Franklin— Greenfield, Shelburne. Bernardston. 2d Franklin— Warwick. Orange, New Salem. Erving. Shutesbury. 3d Franklin —Northfeld. Gill. Montague. Wendell, Leverett, Sunderland. Whately. Deerfield. Conway. Ashfield. Buckland. Charlemont, Colrain. Hawley. Heath. Leyden. Rowe. Monroe. New Ashford. Williamstown. North Adams, CARLOS M. GAGE. Horace H. SANDERS. NAHUM S, CUTLER. Epwarb A. GopDARD. WILLIAM W. Hunt. 4th Franklin— ALFRED I. FIELD. 5th Franklin— GEORGE E, BEmIs. ist Berkshire— \ H. TORREY Capy. ( Henry S. Lyons. Florida, Clarksburg. 2d Berkshire—Adams, Cheshire. Savoy. 3d Berkshire—Hancock. OF THE ROSTER ANDREW J. BUCKLIN. Lanesborough. Lenox, Windsor. Peru. Hinsdale. Washington. Richmond. 4th Berkshire—Pittsfield, Dalton, . 5th Berkshire—Stockbridge. Lee. Becket, WILLIAM MAHANNA, PETER J. MCDONALD. ANSEL IE. CHAMBERLIN. SIDNEY H. CHEESEMAN, 6th Berkshire—W. Stockbridge. Alford. Egremont, EMERSON G, HARRINGTON. Gt. Barrington. 7th Berkshire—Monterey. Otis, ‘ Sandisfield. PHILO SMITH. New Marlborough. Sheffield. Mt. Washington. Tyringham. ist Norfolk—Dedham, Norwood. 2d Norfolk—Brookline, " 3d Norfolk—Hyde Park, 4th Norfolk— Milton. Canton, sth Norfolk—Quincy, Weymouth, 6th Norfolk—Braintree, . Holbrook. 7th Norfolk—Randolph. Stoughton, Avon. Sharon. Walpole, 8th Norfolk—Franklin. Foxborough. Wrentham, Bellingham, Medway, . Norfolk. gth Norfolk—Needham. Dover. Medfield. Wellesley. Millis, 1st Plymouth—Plymouth, . 2d Plymouth—Marshfield. Plympton. Kingston. Duxbury, 3d Plymouth—Scituate. Norwell. Hanson, Pembroke. 4th Plymouth—Cohasset. Hingham. Hull, sth Plymouth—Rockland, . Hanover. 6th Plymouth—Whitman, Abington. GEORGE FRED WILLIAMS. GEORGE N. CARPENTER. WILBUR H. POWERS. AUGUSTUS HEMENWAY. JOSIAH QUINCY, \ JOSEPH A. CUSHING, | Louis A. CooK. ANSEL O. CLARK, HeEnNgy \W. BRITTON. ROBERT S. GRay. James D. LINCOLN. DaNIEL S. WoopMan. Moses C. ADAMS. EVERETT F, SHERMAN, THOMAS ALDEN, Epwin T. CLARK, Lewis P. LogIne. CHARLES S. MILLET. BENJAMIN F. PETERSON, COMMONWEALTH. 7th Plymouth— Mattapoisett. | Marion, Wareham. Rochester. Carver. 8th Plymouth—Middleborough, Lakeville. Halifax, gth Plymouth—Bridgewater, East Bridgewater. West Bridgewater. roth Plymouth—Brockton, W'ds 4, 5,6, E. D. HERRop. 11th Plymouth—Brockton, W’ds 2, 3, HIRAM A. Monk, 12th Plymouth—Brockton, W’ds 1, 7, H. O. Tuomas, ist Bristol—Attleborough. N. Attleborough, . JOHN W. DELano, | JARED F, ALpen, GEo. M. Hooper, STEPHEN STANLEY, Norton. Seekonk, . HORATIO CARPENTER, 2d Bristol— Mansfield Easton, LORENZO B, CROCKETY, Raynham, 3d Bristol—Taunton, Wards S. Hopkins Emery, 1y 2}. 35 4; 5; 6; ~ EpWaRD Morr. 7, 8, | WILLIAM M. Hate. Berkley. 4th Bristol—Fairhaven, JaMEs A. Lewis, Acushnet. Freetown. 5th Bristol—New Bedford, W’'ds ( HalLe R, LUTHER. Ty 253 ( Davip B. Kempton. 6th Bristol—New Bedford, \W'ds \ Gero. F. TUCKER. 4, 5, 9, ( Wwe. M. BuTLer. 7th Bristol—Westport, ALBERT C. KIRBY, Dartmouth. | 8th Bristol—Fall River, was | sah foie hao ; N Epwarpbs. 1,4, 3,4,6, | JouNn T. HURLEY. gth Bristol—Fall River, W'ds 5, \ W. J. D. BULLOcK. 7, 8,9, ' PARDON MACOMBER. 1oth Bristol—Dighton, ALFRED W., Pat. Somerset. Swansea. Rehoboth. ist Barnstable—Falmouth, . Bourne. Sandwich. Mashpee. Barnstable, Yarmouth. Dennis. 2d Barnstable—Harwich, Chatham. Brewster. Orleans. 3d Barnstable—Eastham. Wellfleet. Truro, Provincetown. Dukes—Chilmark. Cottage City. Edgartown, Gay Head. Gosnold. Tisbury. Nantucket—Nantucket, ANTHONY SMALLEY. E, A. MCLAUGHLIN, Clerk of the House. J. \W. KIMBALL, Assistant Clerk. D. W. WaLpRon, Chaplain. ; J.G. B. Apams, Sergeant-at-Arms. GEORGE E. CLARKE. NATHAN Epson. GEORGE N. MUNSELL. RICHARD A. RICH. CORNELIUS B. MARCHANT. COMMONWEALTH. 693 ROSTER OF THE U. S. SENATORS. Henry L. Dawes (1893), Pittsfield. GEO. F. Hoar (1895), . Worcester. REPRESENTATIVES sist CONGRESS. District No. 1—Cuas. S. RANDALL, He 2—ELIJAH A. Morse, Canton. ss 3—JOHN F. ANDREW, Boston. of 4—JOSEPH II. O'NEIL, Boston. es 5—NatTu'L P. BANKs, Waltham, us 6—HEnry CapoT LopcGe, Nahant. ee 7—Wwm. CoGswELL, Salem. ne 8—FREDERIC T, GREENHALGE, Lowell. He 9—JOHN W’. CANDLER, Brookline. et ro—Jos. H. WALKER, Worcester. ss t1I— RODNEY WALLACE, Fitchburg. a 12—FRANCIS W. ROCKWELL, Pittsfield. JUSTICES OF SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. Chief Justice—Marcus Morton, Andover. WALBRIDGE A. FIELD, Boston. Cuas. DEVENS, . Worcester. Wm. ALLEN, Northampton. Cuas. ALLEN, Boston. OLIVER W. HOLMES, JR., Boston. Marcus P. KNOWLTON, . Springfield. Henry A. Cviapp (Cleik), — Boston. JUSTICES OF THE SUPERIOR COURT. Chief Justice—LIncoLn F. BRIGHAM, Salem. Rost. C. PITMAN, Newton. P. EMory ALDRICH, Worcester. HAMILTON B. STAPLES, . Worcester. CALEB BLODGETT, Boston. ALBERT Mason, Brookline. Jas. M. BARKER, Pittsfield. Cuas. P. THOMPson, Gloucester. JoHn W. HamMonp, Cambridge. Justin DEWEY, Springfield. EpGarR J. SHERMAN, Lawrence. Jas. R. DUNBAR, Newton. JOHN LaTHROP, Boston. Rost. R. BISHOP, . Newton. Jos. A. WILLARD (Clerk), | Boston. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. Suffolk Dist., Eastern Dist., Essex Co.—W™M. So. Eastern Dist., Norfolk and Plymouth Co's.— C. W. SUMNER, (deceased), . Brockton. Middle Dist., Worcester Co.—F. A. GASKILL, Worcester. Southern Dist., Barnstable, Dukes, Bristol, and Nantucket Co’s.—H. M. KNOWLTON, Western Dist., Hampden, and Berkshire Co’s.—C. E. HIBBARD, . Pittsfield. No. Western Dist., Hampshire, and Franklin Co’s.—D. W. Bonn, . Northampton. DISTRICT POLICE. Chief—RuFus R. WaDE, Somerville. Jas. P. CAMPBELL (Clerk), Lowell. COMMISSIONERS. Board of Agriculture. MEMBERS EX-OFFICIO. His Excellency JOHN Q. A. BRACKETT, Arlington. His Honor Wo. H. HAILe, Springfield. Hon. Henry B. PEIRCE, Sec'y of the Commonwealth, Abington. New Bedford. Suffolk Co.—OLIVER STEVENS, Boston. Northern Dist., Middlesex Co.—P. H. Cooney, Natick. H. Moopy, Haverhill. N. Bedford. Cuas.'A, GOESSMANN, State Agricultural Chemist. HENRY H. GOODELL, Pres. Mass. Agric’l College. APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR AND COUNCIL. Jas. W. STOCKWELL, Sutton. Jas. S. GRINNELL, Greenfield. Geo, B. Lorine, Salem. OTHER MEMBERS ARE CHOSEN BY THE COUNTY SOCIETIES, Board of Arbitration. Cnas. H. WaLcort, Cambridge. RICHD. P. BARRY, Lynn. Ezra Davo_, Taunton, B. F. SUPPLE (Clerk). Armory. JOHN W. LEIGHTON, Boston. Jos, N. PETERSON, Salem. JosiaH PICKETT, Worcester. State Ata. Cuas. R. Lapp, Springfield. Sam'L DaLton, Boston. Cuas. W. HastTiIncs fata Clerk), Se: Weymouth, Cattle. LEVI STOCKBRIDGE, . Amherst. A. W. CHEEVER, Dedham. O. B. Hapwin, Worcester. Civil Service. . Cuas. THEO. RUSSELL, JR., Cambridge. E. P. WILBUR, . Boston. ARTHUR LORD, . ‘ Plymouth. HENRY SHERWIN, Chief Examiner, . Boston. WarRREN P. DUDLEY, Sec'y, Cambridge. Controller of County Accounts. EpwWarbD P, LORING, Fitchburg. Board of Registration tn Dentistry. LUTHER D. SHEPARD, z Boston. E. V. McLeEop, N. Bedford. J. S. HURLBUT, Springfield. J. F. DowsLey, . Boston. G. E, MITCHELL, Haverhill. Board of Education. MiLton B. WHITNEY, Westfield. Francis A. WALKER, . Boston. ELMER H. CAPEN, Somerville. ELIJAH B. STODDARD, Worcester. ALONZO A. MINER, . Boston. ALICE F. PALMER, . Boston. ADMIRAL P, STONE, Springfield. KATE GANNETT WELLS, . . Boston. J. W. DICKINSON (Sec’y), Newton. C. B. TILLINGHAST (Clerk and Treas. ), Boston. G. A. Watton, G. H. Marrin, A. W. Epson, G. T. FLETCHER, H. T. BaILey, Fre Marshal of Boston. CuHas,. W. WHITCOMB, Inspector-General of Fish. JessE H. FREEMAN, Agents. Boston. Brookline. Foreign Mortgage Corporations. EBENEZER M. MCPHERSON, J. BRIMBLECOM (Clerk). E. Boston. Gas. A. B. COFFIN, Winchester. F. E. BARKER, Worcester. E. T. ROWELL, Lowell. W. S. ALLEN (Cleri. Inspector of Gas and Gas Meters. Cuas. W. Hinman, Boston. 694 Harbor and Land. Joun E, SANFORD, JouN I. BAKER, Cuas. H. HOWLAND, D. KoppMan (Engineer). Board of Health. Henry P. WaLcotTt, FRANK W. DRAPER, T. K. LoTurop, J. H. APPLETON, E. U. JONES, J. W. HASsTINGs, H. F. MILs, S. W. ABBOTT (Sec’y). Inland Fisheries. E. A. BRACKETT, E. H. Laruropr, IsalAH YOUNG, Insurance. Gero. S. MERRILL, Wm. S. SMITH (Deputy). Bureau of Statrstics of Labor. Chief—HoraceE G. WADLIN, C. F. PIDGIN (1st Clerk). Inspector ef Leather. C. Oscoop MORSE, State Librarian. J. W. DickINson, C. B. TILLINGHAST (Asst.). Assayer and Inspector of Liquors. S. P. SHARPLES, Survejor-General of Lumber. JOHN W. WIGGIN, Metropolitan Sewerage. Hosea KINGMAN, TILLY HAYNES, Ros't T. Davis, H. A. CARSON inetneedh: E. P. Fisk (Clerk). alssayers of Ores and Metals. S. Dana Hayes, S. P. SHARPLES, H. L. Bowker, . W. PF. SMITH, C. R. FLETCHER, C. PALMER, A. D. LITTLE, Board of Police for the Ctty of Boston. ALBERT T. WHITING, Ww. H. Ler, Wm. M. OSBORNE, Ptlots for the Port vf Boston. NATH’L SPOONER, TuHos. P. Howes, Prvsons. C. F. CorFin, Emma F. Cary, Wm. A. WILDE, MarGareErT P. RUSSELL, EUSTACE C, Frz, F. G. PETTIGROVE (Sec’y). Board of Registration in Pharmacy. HENRY M. Witney, JOHN LARRABEE, H. A. EsTeRBROOK, J. H. Mannine, I. H. BuTLer, ROSTER OF THE COMMONWEALTH. Taunton. Beverly. Plymouth. Cambridge. Boston, . Beverly. Springfield. Taunton. Warren. Lawrence. Winchester. Springfield. Wellfleet. Lawrence. Reading. Boston. Newton. Cambridge. Boston. Brockton. . Boston. Fall River. Boston, Cambridge. . Boston. Somerville. Boston. Lynn. Watertown. Boston. Boston. Boston, Boston. Boston. Lynn. Cambridge. Malden. Boston. Chelsea, Lawrence. Melrose. Fitchburg. Pittsfield. Lowell. Public Records of Parishes, Towns and Counties, R. T. Swan, Boston. Ratlroads. Gro. G. CROCKER, Boston. EVERETT A. STEVENS, Boston. Epw. W. KINSLEY, Boston. Wm. A. CRaFTs (Clerk). | State House Extension. | Joun D. Lone, Hingham. Wm. Enpicort, Salem. BENJ. WHITCOMB, . Boston, Tax. | Commissioner—GEo. A. MARDEN, Lowell. Cuas. Enpicort, Deputy Com. and Com. of Corporations, . Canton. Topographical Survey and Map of Massachusetts. FRANCIS A. WALKER, . Boston. N. L. SHALER, Cambridge. H. L. Wuirine, . Tisbury. STATE INSTITUTIONS. State Almshouse and State Farm, Wa. T. CaROLin, Lowell. WEAVER OSBORNE, . Fall River. J. H. HeEcntT, . Boston. J. W. BELCHER, Randolph. LyMAN A. BELKNAP, Andover. Mrs. A. F. PRESCOTT, Boston. Mrs. SARAH D. FISKE, ‘ . Malden. C. IRVING FISHER, (Sup't Almshouse). H. M. BLACKSTONE, . ¢ © Farm). Perkins Instttutton and Mass. School for the Blind. Joun S. Dwicut, . Boston. FRANCIS BROOKS, Medford. Tuos. F. TEMPLE, . Boston. Ww. L. RICHARDSON, Boston. Mass. Eye and Ear Infirmary. | WILLARD P, PHILLIPS, Salem. ' I. N. STODDARD, Plymouth. Mass, School for Idiotic and Feeble Minded Youth. : Joun S. DAMRELL, . Boston. | Wa. W. Swan, Boston. Wa. A. DUNN, Boston. | ELIZABETH E, COOLIDGE, . Boston. ERSKINE WARDEN, Waltham. Joun C. MILNE, Fall River. Board of Lunacy and Charity. JOHN FALLON, Lawrence. C. C. CorFin, . Boston. R. L. Hopcpon, Arlington. ANNE B. RICHARDSON, . Lowell. Epw. HIrcHcock, Amherst. Ciias. F. DONNELLY, . Boston. HENRIETTA G. CODMAN, Brookline. D. WERSTER KING, . Boston. Cu A. DENNY, Leicester. J. D. WELLS (Clerk), Cambridge. S. C. WRIGHTINGTON, Supt. In-door Poor. H.S. SHURTLEFF, Supt. Out-door Poor. A. R. MouLTon, Inspector of Institutions. Lunatic Hospital—Danvers. S. W. HopKINSON, Bradford. O. F. RoGERs, Boston. FLORENCE Lyman, Boston. AUGUSTUS MUDGE, Danvers. D. S. RICHARDSON, Lowell. HARRIET R. LEE, Salem. SOLON BANCROFT, Reading. Cnias. W. Pace (Supt.). ROSTER OF THE COMMONWEALTH. Lunatic Hospital—Northampton. JOHN L. OrT!s, Northampton. Mrs. SARAH T. WoopwortH, Chicopee. Mrs. SARAH M. BUTLER, Northampton. A. C. DEANE, Greenfield. H.W. Tart, Pittsfield. L. D. James, Williamsburg. N. A. LEONARD, . ‘ Springfield. Epw. B. Nims (Supt.). Lunatic Hospttal— Taunton. LE Barow RUSSELL, i Boston. Mrs. RUTH 5. Murray, N. Bedford. Mrs. GRACE S. BARTLETT, Taunton. OakEs A. AMES, . . Easton. Gro. How.tanp, Jr.. N. Bedford. W. C. LovERING, Taunton. SIMEON BORDEN, . Fall River. JoHN P. BRowN (Supt.). Westborough Insane Hospital. Cuas. R. CopMan, Barnstable. Francis A. DEWson, Newtonville. Mrs. EMILY TALBOT, Boston. A. H. GRIMKE, Hyde Park. G. B. RICHMOND, N. Bedford. Eviza C. DURFEE, Fall River. F. P. GOULDING, ‘ Worcester. N. EMMONS PAINE (Supt.). Lunatic Hos pital— Worcester. Trancis C. LOWELL, Boston. Mrs. ELLEN S. HALE, . Boston. FRANCES M. LINCOLN, Worcester. A. G. BULLOCK, . Worcester. T. H. Gace, Worcester. H. S. Nourse, Lancaster. Rockwoop Hoar, : Worcester. Joun G. PARK (Supt.). Supt. of Prisons. Wm. S. GREENE, Fall River. State Prisuon—Charlestown. Warden—Epw. J. RUSSELL, Worcester. Chaplain—Rev. J. W. F_ BARNEs, Boston. Ag’t for aiding discharged convicts— Dan’L RUSSELL, Boston. State Primary and Reform Schools. MELVIN H. WALKER, Westborough. H. C. GREELEY, Clinton. ELIZABETH C, PUTMAN, Boston. MILO HILDRETH, Northborough. Cuas. L. GARDNER, Palmer. Jas. J. O'CONNOR, Holyoke. Mrs. E. G. Evans, . Boston. Industrial School for Girls—Lancaster. Mrs. LUANN L. BRACKETT (Supt.). Lyman School for Boys—Westborough. Tueo. F. CHAPIN (Supt.). Primary School—Monson. Amos ANDREWS (Supt.). Mass. Reformatory—Concord. GARDINER TUFTS (Supt.) Lynn. Reformatory Prison for Women—Sherborn. ELLEN C. JOHNSON (Supt.) Boston. Ag’t for aiding discharged female convicts, SARAH E. FRYF, Boston. 695 STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. Boston Art, Principal—Gro, H. BARTLETT. Bridgewater. Principal—A. G. BoyDEN. Framingham, Principal—Miss ELLEN HybE. Salem, Principal—Dan'L B. HaGar. Westfiela. Principal—Jas. C. GREENOUGH. Worcester. Principal—E. H. RUSSELL. COUNTY OFFICERS. BARNSTABLE COUNTY, Incorporated 1685. Shire Town, Barnstable. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, H. P. HARRIMAN, Wellfleet. Register of Probate and Insolvency, F. H. Lorurop, Barnstable. Sheriff, . J. WHITCOMB, Provincetown. Clerk of Courts, S. K. Hopkins, Barnstable. County Treasurer, C. A. FREEMAN, Chatham, Register of Deeds, A. F. SHERMAN, Barnstable. County Com’s, I. C. Youne, Wellfleet. SAm'L SxNow, Barnstable. S. E. HALLETT, Chatham. Special Com’s, F. Howes, Yarmouth. J. H. Hopkins, Provincetown. Com'sof Insolvency,E. S. WHITTEMORE, Sandwich. W. REYNOLDs, Barnstable. F. C. SMITH, Yarmouth. Trial Justices, C. F. CHAMBERLAYNE, Bourne. E. S. WHITTEMORE, Sandwich. T. F. BAssert, Hyannis. S. K. HopxKins, Barnstable. S. B. KELLEY, Harwich. G. T. WYER, Wellfleet. G. GODFREY, Chatham. W. F, BAKER, Dennis. BERKSHIRE COUNTY, Incorporated 1761. Shire Town, Pittsfield. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, J. T. ROBINSON, No. Adams. Register of Probate and Insolvency, E. T. SLocum, Pittsfield. Sheriff, JouN Crospy, Pittsfield. Clerk of Courts, H. W. Tarr, Pittsfield. County Treasurer, Gro, H. TUCKER, Pittsfield. Registers of Deeds, No. District, E. E. MerCHANT, . Adams. Middle District, H. M. Pirv, Pittsfield. So. District, J.C. NEw, Gt. Barrington. County Com’s, C. H. INGALLSs, No. Adams. J. H. MANNING, Pittsfield. W.H. SPAULDING, W. Stockbridge. Special Com’s, J. W. FERRY, . Lee. A. TINNEY, . Adams. Com’sof Insolvency, \W. HAWKINS, Pittsfield. F. H. Wricnt, Gt. Barrington. T. A. OMAN, . Pittsfield. Trial Justices, H. J. DUNHAM, Stockbridge. W.C. SPAULDING, W’. Stockbridge. G. A, SHEPARD, Sandisfield. 696 ROSTER OF THE COMMONWEALTH. BRISTOL COUNTY, Incorporated 1685. Shire Towns, Taunton and New Bedford. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, W. E. FULLER, Taunton. Register of Probate and Insolvency, J. H. GALLIGAN, Taunton. Sheriff, A. R. WRIGHT, Taunton. Clerk of Courts, S. BORDEN, . Fall River. County Treasurer, G. F. PRATT, Taunton. Registers of Deeds, No. District, J. E. WILBAR, Taunton. So. District, G. B. RICHMOND, N. Bedford. County Com's, F. Gray, . Fall River. F. S. BABBITT, Taunton. W. SANDERS, N. Bedford. Special Com's, G. N. CRANDALL, Attleborough. H. A. SLoctuM, Dartmouth. Com's of Insolvency,G. E. WILLIAMS, Taunton. M. W. Lixcoin, Raynham, Mastersin Chancery,H. J. FULLER, Taunton. H. Kk. BRALEY, . Fall River. E. M. REED, . . Mansfield. E. L. BARNEY, N. Bedford. C. A. REED, Taunton. DUKES COUNTY, Incorporated 1683. Shire Town, Edgartown. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, Jos. T. PEASE, Edgartown. Register of Probate and Insolvency, H. VINCENT’, Edgartown. Sheriff, J. L. DEXTER, Edgartown. Clerk of Courts, . 5S. KENIsTON, Edgartown. County Treasurer, J. S. SMITH, Edgartown. Register of Deeds, T. R. HOLLEy, Edgartown. County Com’s, H. RIPLEY, Edgartown. F. H. LAMBERT, Chilmark. B. B. SMItH, Tisbury, Special Com's, W. A. VANDERHOOP, Gay Head. F. A, VEEDER, Gosnold. Com's of Insolvency, W,. J. Rotcn, Tisbury. C.G. M. Dunitam, | Edgartown. Trial Justices, C. J. McILvaine, Edgartown. B. T. HILLMAN, Chilmark. ESSEX COUNTY, Incorporated 1634. Shire Towns, Salem, Lawrence and Newburyport. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, R. E. Harmon, Lynn. Register of Probate and Insolvency, J. T. MAHONEy, Salem. Sheriff, H. G. HERRICK, Lawrence. Clerk of Courts, D. PEaBopy, Lynn. County Treasurer, E, K. JENKINS, Andover. Registers of Deeds, So. District, C. S. Oscoon, Salem. No. District, J. R. Poor, Lawrence. County Com’s, D. W. Low, Gloucester. J. W. Raymonn, Beverly. E. B. Bisnop, Haverhill. Special Com’s, A. SAWYER, . Amesbury. J. M. Danrorru, Lynnfield. Com'’s of Insolvency,S. NELSON, Georgetown. W. L. THOMPSON, . Lawrence, H.1. Barrierr, . Newburyport. Mastersin Chancery,H. N. Woobs, Rockport. C. W. Riciarpson, Salem. N. J. Houtpen, Salem. J. H. Sisk, Lynn. A. C, STONE, Lawrence. W. C. FABENs, . Marblehead. NUP. FRYE... No. Andover. N. C. BARTLETT, Haverhill. Trial Justices, . J.S. Tovon, . Rowley. W. M. RoGers, Methuen. O. B. TENNEY, Georgetown. G. H. Poor, Andover, A. MERRILL, Peabody. W’. NUTTING, Jr., Marblehead. C. A. SAYWARD, « Ipswich. S. GILMAN, . Lynnfield, J. T. WixLson, . Nahant, FRANKLIN COUNTY, Incorporated 1811, Shire Town, Greenfield. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, C. C. CONANT, . Greenfield, Register of Probate and Insolvency, F. M. THompson, . Greenfield. Sheriff, . G. A. KIMBALL, . . Greenfield. Clerk of Courts, E, E. Lyman, . Greenfield, County Treasurer, C. M. Moopy, . Greenfield. Register of Deeds, E. STRATTON, . Greenfield. County Com’s, L. A. CraFtTs, Whately. F. G. SMITH, . . Greenfield. F. L. WATERS, . Orange. Special Com’s, B. W. Fay, New Salem. A. J. DENISON, . «Leyden. Com’s of Insolvency, H. M. PUFFER, . Shelburne. E. F. GUxy, Montague. A. A. SMITH, . . Colrain, Mastersin Chancery,F. G. FessENDEN, . Greenfield. S. O. Lam, . Greenfield. Trial Justices, G. D. WILLIAMS, . Greenfield. S. D, BARDWELL, Shelburne Falls. H. W. BILLINGs, Conway. SILAs BLAKE, Ashfield. C. POMEROY, . . Northfield. Woe Se DASA, Montague. E. F. Gunn, Montague. RK. D. Crasn, . . Orange. F. L. GREENE, . Greenfield. D. F. HaGar, Deerfield. HAMPDEN COUNTY, Incorporated 1812. Shire Town, Springfield. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, W.S.SHURTLEFF,. Springfield. Register of Probate and Insolvency, S. B. SPOONER, Springfield. Sheriff, . SIMON BROOKS, Holyoke. Clerk of Courts, R. O. Morris, Springfield. County Treasurer, M. W. BRIDGE, Springfield. Register of Deeds, J. E, RUSSELL, Springfield. County Com’s, H. D. Bace, W. Springfield. L. F. Roor, Westfield. L. CLARK, . Springfield. Special Com’s, B. F. Burr, Ludlow. W.H. BRAINERD, . . Palmer. Com's of Insolvency, H. C. BLiss, W. Springfield. W.S. KELLOGG, Westfield. D. E. WEBSTER, Springfield. Masters in Chancery, H. W. Boswortn, Springfield. ALLEN WEBSTER, Springfield. Trial Justice, C. F. GROSVENOR, Ludlow. HAMPSHIRE COUNTY, [ncorporated 1662. Shire Town, Northampton. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, W.G. BasseTT,. Northampton. Register of Probate and Insolvency, H.M. Asport, Northampton. Sheriff, Clerk of Courts, County Treasurer, Register of Deeds, County Com’s, Special Com’s, Com’s of Insolvency, ASHER PEASE, Judge of and Insolvency, Probate Register of Probate and Insolvency, Assistant Register of Probateand Insol- vency, Sheriff, Clerk of Courts, Assistant Clerk of Courts, County Treasurer, Registers of Deeds, No. District, So. District, County Com’s, Special Com’s, Com's of Insolvency, Fk. T. GREENHALGE, Masters in Chancery, WALTER ADAMS, Trial Justices, tends over Revere and Winthrop in the County of Suffolk. Judge of and Insolvency, Probate Register of Probate and Insolvency, Sheriff, . Clerk of Courts, County Treasurer, Register of Deeds, Com’s of Insolvency,W. W. McINTOsH, . Trial Justices, ROSTER OF THE COMMONWEALTH. 697 2 eS Easthampton. NORFOLK COUNTY, Incorporated 1793. ", H. Ciapp, Northampton. . LEWIS WARNER, Noslhaeacton Shire Town, Dedham. H. P. Bittincs,. Northampton. | Judge of Probate W. W.Stronc,. Northampton. and Insolvency, Gro. WHITE, . Wellesley. IF, GayLorp, Amherst. | Register of Probate E. A. Epwarps, Southampton. and Insolvency, JNO. Cons, Dedham. C. E. Boon, . Ware. Sheriff, A. LB. ENDICOTT, Dedham. C.K. BREWSTER, Worthington. Clerk of Courts, . E. WORTHINGTON, Dedham. Middlefield, County Treasurer, C. H. SmIrH,. Dedham. Byron SMitH, So. Hadley. Register of Deeds, J. H. BURDAKIN, Dedham. C. S. SHartuck, Hatfiela, | County Com’s, J. Q. A. FIELD, » Quincy. G. W. WIGGIN, Franklin. 2 é M. P. MorRILL, . Hyde Park. MIDDLESEX COUNTY, Incorporated 1643. Special Com’s, G. P. Morey, : Walpole. Shire Towns, Cambridge (East) and Lowell. B. FP. BAKER, . Brookline. Com’s of Insolvency,G. W. WIGGIN, Franklin. E. GROVER, . Needham. Gro. M. Brooks, Concord. R. W. CarPENTER, Foxborough. ; Masters in Chancery,T. E. GRovER, Canton, Je By TYLER); Winchester. H. B. Terry, Hyde Park. E. WorRTHINGTON, . Dedham. J. iE. TIRRELL, . Quincy. S. H. Fotsom, Winchester. Trial Justices, E. GRoveER, Needham. H. G. CUSHING, . . Lowell. S. WARNER, Wrentham. T. C. Hurp, Cambridge. A. B. \WENTWORTH, Dedham. ; G. W. WIGGIN, Franklin. W.C. DILLINGHAM, Somerville. O. A. MARDEN, . Stoughton. Jos. O. HAYDEN, Somerville. T. E. GRovER, Canton. H. B. Terry, Hyde Park. J. L. THompson, Lowell. TC) DSB, Norwood. WS Fear. walboeate uae * ie i C. E. WasHBURNE, Wellesley. J. H. Reap, Westford. PETER DaLy, Walpole. S. O. UPHaM, Waltham. R. W. CARPENTER, Foxborough. E. EF. THOmMpson, Woburn. J. J. PeExy, Walpole. LyMawn DIKE, . Stoneham. Lowell. PLYMOUTH COUNTY, [ncorporated 1685. iy oe ens Shire Town, Plymouth. Framingham. Judge of Probate S. L. Powers, Newtoiic and Insolvency, B. W. Harris, E. Bridgewater, J. H. TYLER, . Winchester. | Register of Probate C. H. Conant, Lowell. and Insolvency, J.C. SuLLtivan, Middleborough. G. A. A. Prvey, Cambridge. Sheriff, A. Kk. Harmon, Plymouth. R. P. Capp, . Lexington. Clerk of Courts, E. E. Hospart, Plymouth. \W. H. Bent, Lowell. County Treasurer, A. DAVIs, . Whitman. J. T. Jos, Piudsons Register of Deeds, \W.S. DANFORTH, Plymouth, Wm. Nurt, Natick. County Com's, Ww. RANKIN, Brockton. G. L. Hemenway, Hopkinton. J. DWELLEY, Hanover. W. H. FAuNCcE, Kingston. The jurisdiction of the County Commissioners of Middlesex ex- Special Com's, C. W.S. Seymour, Hingham. A. P. SPRAGUE, Marshfield. Com’'s of Insolvency, F. M. BIxsy, Brockton. NANTUCKET COUNTY, Incorporated 1695. R. O. Harris, E. Bridgewater. W. L. CHIPMAN, Wareham. T. C. DEFRIEZ, _ Nantucket. | Mastersin Chancery,J. O. BURDETT, Hingham. C. M. PERRY, Rockland. B. F. BRown, . Nantucket. J. F. Barret, _ Nantucket. SUFFOLK COUNTY, Incorporated 1643. J. F. Murpuy, . Nantucket. | Judge of Probate Sam'L SWAIN, . Nantucket. and Insolvency, J. \W. McKim, Boston, E. B. Hussey, . Nantucket. Register of Probate . Nantucket. and Insolvency, ELIJAH GEORGE, Boston, H. W. Brown, . Nantucket. | Assistant Register, J. H. Paine, . Boston. A. C. Swain, . . Nantucket. | Clerk, . J. L. Crompie, . Boston. T. B. FIELD, . Nantucket. Sheriff, J. B. O'BRIEN, Boston, A. COFFIN, . Nantucket. | Clerk Supreme Ju- The Selectmen of the town of Nantucket have the powers and dicial Court, . JOHN NosLe, Ena perform the duties of County Commissioners. The Treasurer of on oe A CappEe Bnetar: the Town is also County Treasurer. 698 ROSTER Clerk Superior Court (Civil Session), J. A. WILLARD, Boston. Clerk Superior Court (Criminal Session) J. P. MANNING, . Boston. County Treasurer, A. T, TURNER, Boston. County Auditor, . J. H. Dopce, Boston. Register of Deeds, THos. F. TEMPLE, Boston. Com’s of Insolvency,M. J. CREED, Boston. WB. E.. WHAEL, Boston. TV. P. MAGEE, Boston. Masters in Chancery, D. H. COOLIDGE, Boston. H. W. Braco, Boston. J. C. Davis, Boston. H. H. Smiru, Hyde Park. R. I, BURBANK, . Boston. J. H. SHERBURNE, Boston. E. J. JONES, . Boston. E. H. DaRLInc, Boston. G. P. SANGER, Jr., Boston. C, E. GRINNELL, Boston. In the city of Boston the Board of Aldermen have all the powers and duties of County Commissioners, except in relation to trials by jury and recovery of damages in such trials, in cases of laying out and discontinuing highways, and appeals from assessors for abate- ment of taxes. WORCESTER COUNTY, Incorporated 1731. Shire Towns, Worcester and Fitchburg. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, W. T. FORBES, . Westborough. Register of Probate and Insolvency, F. W. SOUTHWICK, Worcester. Sheriff, . ‘i Sam’L D. NYE, Worcester. Clerk of Courts, . T.S. JoHNson, Worcester. County Treasurer, E. A. Brown, Worcester. Registers of Deeds, Worcester Dist., H. B. WILDER, . Worcester. OF THE Northern Dist., C. F. Rockwoop, . Fitchburg. County Com's, Cuas. J. RICE, Winchendon. H. G. Tart, Uxbridge. E. STONE, . Spencer. Special Com’s, Howarp M. Lane, Leominster. G. W. Cook, . Barre. Com'sof Insolvency,R. B. DopcE, Jr., Charlton. A. J. BARTHOLOMEW, Southbridge. J. Be/Seorn, Grafton. Mastersin Chancery, Jos. MASon, Worcester. JONATHAN SMITH, Clinton. G. M. Woopwarp, Worcester. J. H. Hivt, Worcester. EE. . Preece, Fitchburg. C. R. Jounson, Worcester. Trial Justices, C. H. Fouuanspy, Barre. G. S. DUELL, . Brookfield. C. W. CARTER, Leominster. H. Mayo, Leominster. LUTHER HI, i Spencer. H. W. Busou, . W. Brookfield. F. B. SPALTER, Winchendon. J. W. TYLer, . Warren. H. A. FARWELL, . Hubbardston. S. BOTHWELL, No. Brookfield. COLLEGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. AVHERST— Amherst. President, Jutius H. SEELyr. BOSTON COLLEGE — Boston. President, Rop’t FuULTon, BOSTON UNIVERSITY— Boston. President, Wa. F. WaRREN. COMMONWEALTH. CLARK’ UNIVERSIT Y—Worcester. President, G. STASLeY Hair. COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS—Worecester. President, SAM’L CAHILL. HARVARD UNIVERSITY — Cambridge. President, Cuas. W. Exior. VWASS. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE— Amherst. President, Henry H. Goovett. SMITH COLLEGE— Northampton. President, L. CLARK SEELYE, TUFTS COLLEGE— Somerville. President, ELMER H. Capen. WELLESLEY COLLEGE—Wellesley. President, HELEN A. SCHAFER. WILLIAMS COLLEGE—Willtamstown. President, FRANKLIN CARTER. MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEER MILITIA. COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. J. Q. A. BRACKETT. Staff. Adjutant-General, Maj.-Gen. SAMUEL DaLtTon, Surgeon-General, Brig.-Gen. ALFRED F, Hott. Judge Advocate-General, Brig.-Gen. E.O. SHEPARD. «lides-de-Camp. Col. Wm. P. StoppaRD, Col. S. M. HEpGeEs, Col. S. E. WInsLow, Col. E. V. MITCHELL. Inspector-General (Rifle Practice), His Excellency Col. H. T. ROCKWELL. Assistant Inspector-Generals, Col. E. E. CURRIER, Col. F. W. WELLINGTON, Col. R. F. BARRETT, Col. G. A. KEELER, Col. W. L. CHASE (Rifle Practice). Asststant Quartermaster-Generals. Col. M. O. ADAMS, Co!'. A. M. CHapDWIck, Col. G. W. Moses, Col. A. H. GoETTING, Col. W. H. Dyer. Assistant Adjutant-Generals, Col. S.C. Hart, Col. A. M. Jackson, Col. W. A. CouTuouy, Col. E. A. BUFFINTON. FIRST BRIGADE. Brig.-Gen. Com- manding, BENJ. F. BRIDGES, Jr., So. Deerfield. Lt.-Col.and Asst. «Adj.-Gen. B. S. PARKER, Boston. Lt.-Col.and Med. Director, H. L. Burri_t, Boston. Maj. and Asst. Ins. Gen, J. W. SANGER, . Boston. Maj. and Asst. Ins.-Gen. Rifle Practice, . C. W. Hinman, Boston. Capt. and Brig- ade Q. M., . C. L. Haypen, . So. Deerfield. Capt. and Engi- neer, Tuos. ASPINWALL, Brookline. Capt. and Judge Advocate, H. S. DEweEy, Boston. Capt. and Pro. Marshal, . C.D. LyForp, . Brookline. ist. Lt. and Sig- nal Officer, H.H.M. BorGuarpt, Boston. 2d Lt. and Am- bul’ce Officer, MyYLEs STanpisn, Boston. Brookline. Aides-de-Camp } Wa. L. Cuase, ' Tuos. F. Corps, . Springfield. Colonel, Lt.-Col., Majors, Captains, Colonel, Lt.-Col., Majors, . Captains, Colonel, Lt.-Col., Majors, Captains, ROSTER OF THE COMMONWEALTH. rst Regiment Infantry. TuHos. R. MarHews, . Boston. Jas. F. Jackson, Fall River. Cuas, L. Hovey, Boston. FRED. G. KING, Boston. Wa. W. KELLETT, Boston. F. H. Briccs, Boston. IF. W. DALLINGER, Cambridge. PD. &. DYAR, « Boston. J. H. FRoTHINGHAM, Boston. R. H. Morcan, N. Bedford. N. O. DANFORTH, . Taunton. R. P. B. BELL, . Boston. H. W. ATKINS, Chelsea. C. WILLIAMSON, Brockton. W.H. AMES, No. Easton. E. G. TuUTEIN, . . Boston. S. L. BRALEy, Fall River. 2d Regiment Infantry. Embury P. CLark, . Holyoke. F,. W. MeRRIaAM, No. Adams. E. R. SHUMWay, Worcester. P. S. BRIDGES, F. G. SOUTHMAYD, So. Deerfield. . Springfield. Brig.-Gen. Com- manding, Lt.-Col.andAsst. Adj.-Gen., Lt.-Col.and Med. Director, Maj. and Asst. Ins.-Gen., Maj. and Asst. Ins.-Gen. Rifle Practice, Capt. and Brig. Q. M., W. A. Conny, . Worcester. H. McDona.p, Springfield. C. W. Brown, . Holyoke. T. E. Leavify, Orange. S. T. CHAMBERLAIN, . . Gardner. J. J. LEONARD, . . Springfield. E. M. RocHE, So. Deerfield. R. W. IRWIN, Northampton. E. G, THAYER, Amherst. F. G. FESSENDEN, Greenfield. R. A. WHIPPLE, Adams, 6th Regiment Infantry. HENRY G. GREENE, Fitchburg. HENRY PARSONS, Marlborough. C. F. WoopwarbD, Wakefield. Tuos. H. SHEA, Fitchburg. G. H. CHaFFIN, Southbridge. G. H. TayLor, Wakefield. W. F. Pace, Fitchburg. O. M. Pratt, Lowell. P. I. KING, . Fitchburg. A. S. FULLFORD, Ashburnham. T. E. JACKSON, Marlborough. C. H. RICHARDSON, Lowell. S. A. LAWRENCE, Stoneham. F, E. CUTTER, . Concord. C. FF. Hine, Southbridge. G. W. Brapy, Boston. J. T. BERRILL, . Milford. SECOND BRIGADE. Benj. F. PEACH, Jr.. . Lynn. Cuas. C. Fry, Lynn. TuHos. KITTREDGE, Salem. Jos. A. INGALLS, Boston. Jas. P. Frost, Boston. H. E. CONVERSE, Malden. Capt. and Engi- neer, » . W. T. LAMBERT, Capt. and Judge Advocate, ELIJAH GEORGE, Capt. and Pro. Marshal, A. A. HALL, ist Lt. and Sig- nal Officer,. C. M. Havey, ‘ 2d Lt. and Am- bula’ceOfficer, A. W. CLARKE, Aides-de-Camp | N. A. THompson, | Gro. A. KEELER, Colonel, Lt.-Cel., Majors, G. F, Frost, J. H. WHITNEY, G. H. BENyon, } W. H. Oakes, | CHAS. FRENCH, | S. T. SINCLAIR, ] G. C. APPLIN, H. MorRISSsEY, . | Captains, T. C. HENDERSON, G. H. Dickson, W. C. PARKER, W. L. Fox, W. H. Gorr, W. E. Morrison, . G. W. Swazey, A. M. MossMan, &th Resiment Infantry. Colonel, Lt.-Col., | Majors, . | J. A. MILLS, . G. A. COPELAND, C. L. DoncGe, W. MM. Warp, A. G. REYNOLDs, E. W. M. BaILey, W.B. POTTER, « F. Murray, . W. E. PERRY, B. II. JELLISON, Captains, H. F. STAPLe E. T. BRACKETT W. H. DUNNEY, A. REEVES, S. T. KIRK, ’ Wa. STRACHAN, L. J. LoGan, P. J. GRADY, F. P. BoGan, W. HH. Donovan, D. J. KEEFE, G. F. H. Murray, T.F, O' DAN, E. Ecan, J. G. FENNESSEY, Colonel, Lt.-Col., Majors, Captains, Ww. REGAN, G. J. Lover, C. E. O'DONNELL, C. E. SHAW,. D, W. RICKER, CHAS, CONNERS, 5th Regiment Infantry. Wwm. A. BANCROFT, FRANcis A. OSGOOD, Wa. A. PEw, Jr., . oth Regiment Infantry. E. F. O'SULLIVAN, Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Salem. Boston. Boston. Cambridge. Waltham. . Medford. Watertown. Boston. Boston. Cambridge. . Newton. Plymouth. Medford. Waltham. . Woburn. Arlington. Attleborough. Braintree. Malden. Hudson. Marblehead. Newburyport. Revere. Beverly. . Peabody. Newburyport. Amesbury. Marblehead. . Lynn. Beverly. Haverhill. Gloucester. Salem. Lynn. . Peabody. No. Andover. Somerville. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Lawrence. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. . Boston. Lawrence. Worcester. Boston. Boston. Clinton. Natick. Lowell. 700 ROSTER ARTILLERY. rst Battalion. Major, Geo. S. MERRILL, . Adjutant, J. A. NEWHALL, Q. M., L. S. Dow, Surgeon, F. M. JOHNSON, Asst. Surgeon, H. L. CHasE, Paymaster, S. M. HEDGEs, Battery 4.—Capt. DEXTER H. FOLLETT, Battery C.—Capt. L. N, DUCHESNEY, Battery B.—Capt. Gro, L. ALLEN, . CAVALRY. rst Battalion, Major, Horace G. Kemp, Adjutant, F. L. Locke, Q. M., S. B. NEWTON, Surgeon, Cuas. H. COGSWELL, Asst. Surgeon, C.S. DUNN,. Paymaster, J. W. PIERCE, Chaplain, Rev. W. H. RYDER, TR: PB, J. BELLAMY, Troop A.—Capt. Epw. B. WADSWORTH, Troop D.—Capt. D. S. HENDERSON, Troop F.—Capt. H. W. WILSON, INDEPENDENT CADETS. rst Corps Cadets. Lt.-Col. Com'd’g T. F. EpMANDs, Major, G. R. RoGERs, Adjutant, J. BRi HILe, Q. M., C. C. MELCHER, Surgeon, \W. L. RICHARDSON, Asst. Surgeon, C. M. GREEN, Paymaster, C. E. STEVENS, I: Re Pe, Wn. A. Hayes, OF THE COMMONWEALTH. Lawrence. Boston. Boston. Boston. Brookline. Boston. Boston. Boston. Worcester. Cambridge. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Gloucester. Boston. Boston. Boston. Carlisle. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston, Boston. Co. d.—Capt. F. H. APPLETON, Boston, Co. B.—Capt, WH, ALLINE, Boston. Co, C.—Capt. A. ROBESON, Boston. Co, D.—Capt. H. B. RICE, Boston, 2d Corps Cadets. Lt.-Col. Com'd’g J. F. DaLton, Salem, Major, J. W. Hart, Salem, Adjutant, A. FITz, Salem, Q. M., E. A. SIMONDS,. Salem. Surgeon, Benj. R. Symonps, Salem, Paymaster, E. A. MALoon, Salem Chaplain, Rev. E. C. BUTLER, Beverly, Tt. Rs Pe, W. H. MERRITT, Salem. Co. A.—Capt. S. A. JOHNSON, Salem. Co, B.—Capt. W. F. PECK, Salem. Co, C.—Capt. C. W. OsGoon, Salem. Co, D.—Capt. C. S. PRocTor, Salem. ANCIENT AND HONORABLE ARTILLERY Co, Capt., E. E. ALLEN, Watertown, ist Lieut., G. B. SPAULDING, Boston. 2d Lieut., E. SULLIVAN, Boston, Adjutant, F. W. DALLINGER, Cambridge. Chaplain, Rev. PHILLIPS BROOKS, Boston. Treas. and Pay- master, V. LAFORME, Boston. Clerk and Asst. Payiiaster,. G, He ALLEN, Cambridge. Q. M. and Ar- morer, G. P. May, Boston. Chief Honorary Staff, W.H. Cunpy, Boston. Commissary, C. A. Faxon, Boston. Surgeon, JOHN SULLIVAN, Boston, TOWNS AND CITIES OF MASSACHUSETTS. oo Arranged alphabetically, showing Date of Incorporation, Population according to the last Census (1885), Polls and Valuation as officially returned to the Secretary of the Commonwealth in 1889, together with their appropriate Congressional, Councilor, Senatorial and Representative Districts. : 4 2 a | 24 » : s i a 5 é g 2 ; 8 Towns Be | Se Ze ae 2 4 & wo} ee Be Ee £ a 8 3 5 AND g e| ee ee Be 6 5 4 a 2 CiTIEs. ge 8A i Ha za 5 a oO > O° Oo n & = | v | 4 j | ‘ 1712 3,699 1,292 2,100,335 ABINGTON. 2 r |x Plymouth, 6 Plymouth. 1735 1,785 589 1,311,775 ACTON. 8 6: “5 Middlesex. 30 Middlesex. 1860 I,O71I 244 612,040 ACUSHNET. I 1 °3 Bristol. 4 Bristol, 1778 8,282 1,950 35432, 168 ADAMS. I2 8 | Berkshire. 2 Berkshire. 1855 2,357 572 I,220,047 AGAWAM. 12 8 !2 Hampden. I Hampden. 1773 341 98 220,586 ALFORD. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp, 6 Berkshire. 1668 4,403 2,890 4,366, 120 AMESBURY. 7 5 |4 Essex. jt Essex. ; 1759 4,199 1,061 3)238,000 AMHERST. Ir 7 |Worc.& Hamp, 4 Hampshire. 1646 Syl 1,262 4,161, 170 ANDOVER. 8 6 6 Essex. 6 Essex. 1807 4,073 1,508 5,209,096 ARLINGTON. § 3 |t Middlesex, |15 Middlesex. 1765 2,058 629 1,000,716 ASHBURNHAM. IL 8 Franklin. 2 Worcester, 1767 871 258 476,427 ASHBY. 8 6 8 Middlesex. 32 Middlesex. 1765 1,097 289 476,663 ASHFIELD. 11 8 Franklin. | 5 Franklin. 1846 2,633 710 1,290,901 ASHLAND. 9 6 |4 Middlesex. [27 Middlesex. 1762 4,758 1,606 2,845,205 ATHOL. IL 7 |Worc,& Hamp) 1 Worcester. 1694 13,078 3,995 3,905,377. | ATTLEBOROUGH. 2 2 |1 Bristol. 1 Bristol, 1778 1,267 332 492,047 AUBURN. 10 7 '3 Worcester. | 8 Worcester. 1888 1,200 379 545,700 AVON. 2 2 |2 Norfolk. 7 Norfolk. 1871 2,190 637 1,282,767 AYER. 8 6 |5 Middlesex. (2? Middlesex. 1639 4,050 1,056 3,156,540 BARNSTABLE. T I Cape. } 2 Barnstable. 1753 2,093 607 1,407,054 BARRE. 10 7 |\Wore.&Hamp' 3 Worcester. 1765 938 290 402,344 BECKET. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp) 5 Berkshire. 1729 950 207 875,367 BEDFORD. 8 6 |5 Middlesex. 19 Middlesex. 1761 2,307 530 814,850 BELCHERTOWN. II 7 |Worc. & Hamp; 4 Hampshire. 1719 1,198 319 612,150 BELLINGHAM. 9 2 |2 Norfolk. 8 Norfolk. ; 1859 1,693 536 3,020,600 BELMONT. I 5 3 |2 Middlesex. xe Middlesex. 1735 941 260 405,830 BERKLEY. , 2 1 |2 Bristol. 3 Bristol. 1784 809 237 487,103 BERLIN. | 9 > 12 Worcester. 12 Worcester. 1762 930 214 388,210 BERNARDSTON. II 8 Franklin, j 4 Franklin. 1668 9, 186 2,815 13,697,975 BEVERLY. 7 5 |2 Essex. 12 Essex. : 1655 2,161 603 1,698,238 BILLERICA. 8 6 |'5 Middlesex. (20 Middlesex. 1845 51435 1,599 2,535,845 BLACKSTONE. 9 7 \2 Worcester. (11 thane ee ee) ee eS eee ee 1738 876 231 469,467 gee 2 suftolle sas Z Ward 1. ane «@ |2 Suffolk, “a ful | Wards 3, 4, 5. Se23\¢ 1 13 Suffolk, ; Sa = * | Wards 6, 7, 8. i ao) BIN 1630 | 390,406 /123,274 | 7951433,744 BOSTON. one a 5 4 as a Suffolk. Lag: Sued |5 Suffolk, 2 22/578 _|Wards 9, 10, 11 AF nel e586 Suffolk, Yaa 11a” °S|Wards 13,14,15 FALSE. s s]7 Suffolk, 3728/2 | Wards 17,18,20 Bata\: [18 Suffolk, rA%g.2: < “|Wards 19,22,25 2 raa\e a+ [9 Suffolk, Paes Wards 21,23,24 es 6 BOURNE. I I Cape. 1 Barnstable. a ge 186 Meee BOXBOROUGH. 8 6 |5 Middlesex. |30 Middlesex. 1685, 840 217 656,358 BOXFORD. 7 5 |5 Essex. 7 Essex. BOYLSTON. Io 7 \|2 Worcester. 13 Worcester. ke 834 a on. D 6 |6 Esse | 3 Essex ae) ee | ee) BRAINTREE, Z Norfolk. _| 8 Norfolk 1640 4,040 1,321 3,284,350 BRAINTREE, 2 2 |1 Norfolk. . [Copyright, 1890.] NI oO lo oe ee SS ee | INCORPORATED. 1718, E7OS 1770 1799 1633 1797 1780 1790 1765 | 1754 1712 1655 1738 1793 1765 1762 1848 1714 | 1798 1850 1770 | 176 1635 1767 1880 1779 1784 1801 1757 1064 1636 1682 1793 1712 , 1746 | 1784 I7O1 1731 1673 1637 1823 1646 1785 1725 1671 1760 1816 1838 1819 1870 1812 1803 POPULATION. CENSUS 1885. 934 3,827 1,137 20,783 3,913 95195 1,760 604 59,660 4,380 526 1,091 1,823 2,028 2,304 25,709 1,448 1,318 698 11,528 412 708 8,945 2,216 1,605 39727 1,573 709 805 2,113 7,048 3.448 6,641 3,042 2,923 1,782 2,205 664 1,927 2,742 43t 1,480 2,812 638 4,291 3,948 1,165 826 1,010 873 1,722 5,825 2,880 56,863 POLLS. gil 9r9 3,003 422 177 18,242 1,206 141 214 29t 520 593 | 713 | 7,732 37° | 378 | 178 | | 2,619 IZl 179 2,626 603 | 406 | ae 384 234 ; 197 57° 193 | 1,860 736 | 1,754 836 829 | 487 © | 554 r 160 | 509 | 637 117 i 512 845 164. 938 1,170 364 236 i 284 204 , 483 | 2,730 | 602 17,541 71342 VALUATION. 533,206 2,129,070 454,860 | 15,762,788 | 1,265,942 42,533)300 521,903 491,477 65,132,800 3,616,847 381,799 613,590 347,798 933.370 802,839 1,593,159 20, 189,850 721,858 478,243 294,521 6,072, 300 210,582 223,343 5,841,435 3,580,238 563,518 31359037 757,606 1,469.700 308,277 1,931,614 296,450 317941525 1,799,350 5,286,606 1,293,018 1,195,544 750,448 946,932 887,885 1,368,148 984,575 286,771 1,213,257 1,491,470 226,764. 2,292,425 3,778,861 712,050 415,474 611,980 348,766 861,587 71210, 300 1,552,738 49,841,691 | | | TOWNS AND CITIES. BREWSTER. BRIDGEWATER. BRIMFIELD. BROCKTON. BROOKFIELD. BROOKLINE. BUCKLAND. BURLINGTON. CAMBRIDGE. CANTON. CARLISLE. CARVER. CHARLEMONT. CHARLTON. CHATHAM. CHELMSFORD. CHELSEA. CHESHIRE. CHESTER. CHESTERFIELD. CHICOPEE. CHILMARK. CLARKSBURG. CLINTON. COHASSET. COLRAIN. CONCORD. CONWAY. COTTAGE CITY. CUMMINGTON. DALTON. DANA. DANVERS. DARTMOUTH. DEDHAM. DEERFIELD. DENNIS. DIGHTON. DOUGLAS. DOVER. DRACUT. DUDLEY. DUNSTABLE. DUXBURY. E. BRIDGEWATER. EASTHAM. EASTHAMPTON. EASTON. EDGARTOWN. EGREMONT. ENFIELD. ERVING. ESSEX. EVERETT. FAIRHAVEN. FALE RIVER. CONGRESSIONAL District. i | 10 10 It mH ArHONHN CN COUNCILOR DistRicr. Qonn Ward 3 3 Dist., W'ds 1, 2,4, 5 Dun OH ANY Go HOU CN COHN COR HH ON ANY HH ON HUN COOH OW COHN OOM mann 4 TOWNS AND CITIES OF MASSACHUSETTS. ef | " > ae es eu 5S ES eH ze BB 6 | n 29 [eq i a | Cape. 2 Barnstable, lo Plymouth. 9 Plymouth, 1 Hampden. |10 Hampden. 10 Plymouth, | Wards 4, 5, 6. 1z Plymouth, 2 Plymouth | Wards 2, 3. 12 Plymouth, | | Wards 1, 7. 3 Worcester. | 5 Worcester. 2 Norfolk. | 2 Norfolk. | Franklin. | 5 Franklin. 5 Middlesex. 19 Middlesex. y | 1 Middlesex, | Wards I, 5. 3 Middlesex, || 2 Middlesex, Wd ty 4.5.) Ward 2. 3 Suffolk, | 3 Middlesex, Ward 3. Ward 3. _ 4 Middlesex, ! Ward 4. 1 Norfolk. ' 4 Norfolk. ‘5 Middlesex. 30 Middlesex. 2 Plymouth. [7 Plymouth. Franklin. 5 Franklin. 3 Worcester. 7 Worcester. : ape. 2 Barnstable. 5 Middlesex. Oo Middlesex. i -. ee | e | Wards 1, 2, 3. 1 Suffolk. \ Shick, L Ward 4. | Berkshire. 2 Berkshire. Berk. & Hamp} 1 Hampden. Berk. & Hamp} 2 Hampshire. 2 Hampden. 5 Hampden. Cape. rt Dukes. | Berkshire. 1 Berkshire. 2 Worcester. [13 Worcester. 1 Plymouth. | 4 Plymouth. | Franklin, | 5 Franklin. 2 Middlesex. ‘19 Middlesex. | Franklin. 4 Franklin. | Cape. 1 Dukes. ‘Berk. & Hamp, 2 Hampshire. Berkshire. 4 Berkshire. Worc. & Hamp| 3 Worcester. '5 Essex. 22 Essex. 3 Bristol. 7 Bristol. 2 Norfolk. 1 Norfolk. Franklin. 4 Franklin. Cape. 1 Barnstable. 2 Bristol. o Bristol. 3 Worcester. | g Worcester. 2 Norfolk. 9 Norfolk. 5 Middlesex. |24 Middlesex. '3 Worcester. | 7 Worcester. "5 Middlesex. |31 Middlesex. 't Plymouth. | 2 Plymouth. 2 Plymouth. 9 Plymouth. Cape. 3 Barnstable. Berk. & Hamp) 1 Hampshire. 1 Bristol. 2 Bristol. Cape. 1 Dukes. ‘Berk. & Hamp} 6 Berkshire. Wore. & Hamp| 5 Hampshire. Franklin. 2 Franklin. 3 Essex. o Essex. 6 Middlesex. |10 Middlesex. 3 Bristol. 4 Bristol. 8 Bristol, ‘ . W'ds 1,2.3,4) 2 Bristol. 9 Bristol, W'ds 5, 7, 8.9 TOWNS AND CITIES OF MASSACHUSETTS. | ! | | | | \ | So \ ° Ww g Z Ww 4 iol ta * a ee S S 8 . a Towns Bea | Bigs 2 e a | 2 4 é BQ] ag zo E§ oS a, B 2 a zo E8 6 z =f ad 23 ga aA aA n a. e ~ Berk, & Hamp} 1 Hampshire. 12 Worcester, 7 Worcester. 3 Hampshire. 2 Hampden. 1 Hampden. 3 Worcester. | 6 Worcester. f 6 Hampden, | ee 1, 4,8. 7 Hampden [x Hampden. Ward 5. , | 8 Hampden, | Wards 2,3,6,7. 4 Worcester. |13 Worcester. ‘Berk. & Hamp} 5 Berkshire. 6 Middlesex. j12 Middlesex. 2 Norfolk. 7 Norfolk. 5 Middlesex. |30 Middlesex. 3 Worcester. | 5 Worcester. 4 Middlesex. |29 Middlesex. Franklin. 4 Franklin. 3 Worcester. | g Worcester. it Essex. 17 Essex. 2 Bristol. 10 Bristol, 1 Bristol. 3 Bristol. Worc. & Hamp) 2 Worcester. 5 Middlesex. |20 Middlesex. Cape. 1 Dukes. 2 Hampden. 1 Hampden. 3 Essex. 7 Essex. 5 Middlesex. ‘32 Middlesex. |” Cape. 3 Barnstable. "5 Middlesex. 24 Middlesex. Berk. & Hamp} 7 Berkshire. 2 Worcester. |10 Worcester. 2 Worcester. 10 Worcester. 6 Middlesex. |13 Middlesex. It Hampden. 9 Hampden. 2 Norfolk. 7 Norfolk. 2 Middlesex. (18 Middlesex. Worc. & Hamp, 5 Hampshire. 2 Plymouth. 7 Plymouth. 3 Worcester. | 5 Worcester. Franklin. 2 Franklin. Berkshire. 3 Berkshire. 2 Middlesex. 16 Middlesex. 4 Middlesex. (28 Middlesex. 3 Worcester. 8 Worcester. 2 Norfolk. 9 Norfolk. Cape. 3 Barnstable. Franklin. 3 Franklin. 5 Essex. 9 Essex. 2 Worcester. (12 Worcester. 4 Worcester. (13 Worcester. 2 Plymouth. g Plymouth 3 Worcester. | 5 Worcester. 2 Hampden. 2 Hampden. 5 Middlesex. |3r Middlesex. Berk. & Hamps| 2 Hampshire. 4 Worcester. 4 Worcester. 3 Essex. 1 Essex. 4 Middlesex. |18 Middlesex. 3 Bristol. 7 Bristol. 2 Hampden. 2 Hampden. Berk. & Hamps, 6 Berkshire. 1 Norfolk. 5 Norfolk. Franklin, 4 Franklin. t Plymouth. 6 Plymouth. t Hampden. g Hampden. Berk. & Hamps| 3 Hampshire. Berkshire. 1 Berkshire. 6 Middlesex. |20 Middlesex. Franklin. 2 Worcester. 1 Middlesex. |15 Middlesex. Berkshire. 3 Berkshire. TOWNS AND CITIES OF MASSACHUSETTS. 7O7 a a) : z 3 = & So 8 : 7 Towns 20/18. ate ae o a a 6 Boot ae ee Ee ° 4: 8 if =< Rat ae! Og ow a om a 5 & 5 5 : Be | 26 ae Be x 2 @ a 2 62 | 22 22 Be 9 2 8 S CYviEes, zo OA BA aA — 0 cA 1852 1,370 684 3,278,465 WINTHROP. 6 3. |t Suffolk. 27 Suffolk. 1642 11,750 35725 8,692,463 WOBURN. ¢ 6 |5 Middlesex. (14 Middlesex. ( 16 Worcester, | i W'dt | ‘17 Worcester, W'd 2 18 Worcester, W’'d 3 x Worcester, 19 Worcester, | Wards 1, 4,5, Wd 1684 68,383 | 23,228 69,352,101 WORCESTER. | 10 74 6, 7, 8. 1 > 4 | | 4 Worcester, | 7° eae \ Wards 2, 3. 21 Worcester, W’'d6 22 Worcester, W'd 7 | 23 Worcester, i W'd 1768 763 206 311,957 WORTHINGTON. | 11 8 Berk. & Hamps 2 Hampshire. 1673 2,710 705 1,351,133 WRENTHAM. bg 2 2 Norfolk. _ 8 Norfolk. 1639 1,856 ° 535 1,607,098 YARMOUTH. | @ | Cape. |r Barnstable. bi Ae Pit ciay biol! a ah fee sos ees yaaa Rabe ae ee Hy Maar rok Fy aI AS. Gone ae ren if a pee a4 , ae * f e 0 b te a ¢ ane ' ‘ F . ie 5 i F. Ul ar “} tin md f f oo i dere . E ‘ a ‘ R f oe UM sty el rs . i) Re Re eae , p i abt are , enn 2 att ; 4 Baila See Taps ‘ s ae eat, iy ra if bi ae ey Cire bets dee he a Cs brs Sec Re et " F Te ee ca rane Re i ao f : 7 carey cath se 5 F 4 oR ceo lee Beals, smh. acme Liv apart Ry Pinan Bh RR a A SIN 3 ; “ weak i te R cy on . , ar is ; betta tion meen Se Ao cena A a) PY het wy Breen oi. : Eye F ; Wor tin ttt asics Saat ry’ nae " ; f ae ore) aa eps! 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